ISO-TC135-SC7-WG9 N0024 Review of ISO TR 25107 ISO TR 2510

ISO/TC 135/SC 7/WG 9 N 24
ISO/TC 135/SC 7/WG 9

Revisions of training guidelines
Email of secretary: jennifer.jimenez@tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca
Convenorship: SCC (Canada)
Review of ISO TR 25107 & ISO TR 25108

Document type: Working draft
Date of document: 2016-03-15
Expected action: COMM
Action due date: 2016-05-30
Background:
Committee URL: http://isotc.iso.org/livelink/livelink/open/tc135sc7wg9

SECRETARIAT OF ISO/TC 135/SC 7
NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING - PERSONNEL QUALIFICATION
CANADA (SCC)
Postal Address:
JENNIFER JIMENEZ Tel.: (873) 469-3225

CANADIAN GENERAL STANDARDS BOARD Fax: (819) 956-5740
OTTAWA, CANADA Email: jennifer.jimenez@tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca
K1A 1G6
March 14, 2016 ISO/TC 135/SC 7/WG 9 N24
To: Members ISO/TC 135/SC 7/ WG 9 – Review of ISO TR 25107 & ISO TR 25108
Dear Members of SC7/WG 9,
As we prepare for the next plenary meeting of ISO/TC 135 this June in Munich, SC7/WG9 is in the
final stages of revising TR 25107 and TR 25108. The goal is to have the final working drafts ready
for the meeting in June, therefore, I would like to ask for some final input from WG9 members.
As a reminder for everyone, following the resolution made during the ISO/TC135/SC7 meeting
held in Durban, South Africa in 2012, the responsibility for both Technical Reports was
transferred from ISO/TC135 to ISO/TC135/SC7 and subsequently ISO/TC135/SC7/WG9 was
formed to revise the two documents. In terms of our timeline, we are a little outside of the
original estimate for completion of these revisions.
PART 1
ISO TR 25108 – summary of changes to date:
 Par 2 ‐ EN standards have been replaced with ISO standards

 Par 2 & 3 ‐ additional standards and definitions have been added
 A general (paragraph 4) has been added
 Par 5 – addition of prior knowledge assessment for induction of students in alignment
with ISO 9712, 7.2.3
 Par 7 ‐ introduced a flow diagram for candidate assessment
 Par 8 ‐ introduced recommendations on practical vs theory time requirements (ISO
7.2.2), added distance education requirement for practical
 Par 11 – clarified the need to have sufficient equipment etc. for the class size
 Par 13 – clarified instructor vs student ratio
 Annex A – addition of equipment for AT, TT, LT, ST, PA, DR
 Annex B – addition of recommendations for e‐learning
 Equipment for AT, ST and TT will be finalized shortly
ISO TR 25108 – summary of changes to date:
 Additional chapters for AT, TT, Phased Array and Time of Flight Diffraction, Magnetic
Flux Leakage
 RT contains syllabus for RT‐Film, RT‐Digital, RT‐Radioscopy
 Where ever possible EN standards have been replace with ISO standards
 Delivery time has been changed to only show per major topic vs each individual sub‐
topic
 Addition of sectors for training delivery * see note below
 Time allocation has been changed from hours to percentages of time ** see note below
 Competency Levels have been summarized to indicate understanding at each level (4.3)
 Recommendations where prior knowledge or separate courses would be beneficial
 Recommendations on how to apply overlapping of course content for reductions in
training hours
 Recommendations on how to apply training requirements for RT‐Digital and RT‐
Radioscopy (Annex A)
*Proposal 1: It has been difficult to obtain consensus on how to apply the sector delivery sections
and at this time I would like propose that this be removed for this revision exercise with possible
consideration for the next revision to move the document along to the next stage.
**Proposal 2: Although percentages have now been applied to the main topics in each chapter
(chapter introduction table), the percentages in some cases may not be useable (i.e. .625%).
During the first meeting of WG9 the committee agreed that time allocations will rely on many
variables and thus was found to be of minimal value when designing a training course thus any
reference to training time should be used as a guide by the training organization. I would,
therefore, like to propose for ease of use, that the percentages be rounded to the nearest single
number.
Although we are still awaiting some final input for the equipment lists in WD/TR 25108 and
finalization of the technical content for TOFD and PA level 1 and 3, we would like to continue
moving forward with these two documents in preparation for productive discussions during the
June 2016 meeting.
At this time I would like to request that you review each draft document (WD/TR 25107
and WD/TR 25108), and submit any comments on the comment forms (one comment form
per document please – link here
http://isotc.iso.org/livelink/livelink?func=ll&objId=818907&objAction=Open&nexturl=%2Flivelink%2Fliv
elink%3Ffunc%3Dll%26objId%3D5156909%26objAction%3Dbrowse%26sort%3Dname ). The deadline
for comments will be Monday May 30, 2016. All comment forms should be sent to my
email address below.
Part 2
The second part of the revisions pertain to ISO/TC135/SC7’s goal to include the two Technical
Reports as normative references in the next revision of ISO 9712. Technical Reports, however,
cannot be normative references in a standard, therefore, consideration needs to be given to the
document status. Currently the documents are only recommendations. The decision needs to be
made if these documents should now be prepared as International Standards (IS), Technical
Specifications (TS), or Publicly Available Standards (PAS).
For your reference the following criteria for systematic reviews apply to each type of deliverable:
International Standard – max 5 year systematic review – no maximum to the life of the document
– no maximum to number of times the deliverable may be confirmed
Technical Specification – max 3 year systematic review – 6 years is the recommended life of the
document – once is the recommended time deliverable may be confirmed
Publicly Available Specification – 3 years maximum systematic review – can be confirmed only
once – 6 years maximum life, if not converted after the 6 year period deliverable is proposed for
withdrawal
With regards to WD/TR 25108 please consider the following request based on your response to
the type of deliverable above:
TR 25108 is currently written in non-mandatory language (ie.“should” and “may”) which is

appropriate for Technical Reports, but we may want to consider changing the wording to define
requirements going forward. In the attached document the “should” and “may” references have
been highlighted in yellow and for ease of reference have each been assigned a number. Please
indicate if you feel that the term currently used in the document should remain as is or should be
changed to one of the following:
Shall: indicates a requirement

Should: indicates a recommendation
May: indicates a permission
Can: indicates a possibility or capability
If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact me for further details and I look forward
to seeing everyone in Munich, Germany.
Yours sincerely,
Jennifer Jimenez
Secretary, ISO/TC 135/SC 7
Email ‐ Jennifer.Jimenez@tpsgc‐pwgsc.gc.ca
Tel ‐ (873) 469‐3225
c.c: ISO/TC 135 Chair, Dr. Norikazu Ooka

ISO/TC 135 Secretary, Mr. Takeo Tsuchiya
ISO Central Secretariat, Mr. Charles-Pierre Bazin de Caix
ISO/TC 135 SC Chairs
CEN/TC 138, Secretary, Ms. Cyrielle Fournier
DRAFT – March 14, 2016
ISO/WD TR 25107
Non-destructive testing --
Guidelines for NDT training
syllabuses
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved i

© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved ii
Contents Page
Foreword .........................................................................................................................................................iv
Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................v
1 Scope ...................................................................................................................................................6
2 Normative references .........................................................................................................................6
3 Terms and definitions .........................................................................................................................6
4 Introduction to NDT ............................................................................................................................7
4.1 Role ......................................................................................................................................................7
4.2 Task of NDT personnel .......................................................................................................................7
4.3 History of NDT .....................................................................................................................................8
4.4 Terminology of NDT ............................................................................................................................9
4.5 General environmental and safety considerations ..........................................................................9
5 Radiographic testing (RT) — Levels 1, 2 and 3 .................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
6 Ultrasonic testing (UT) — Levels 1, 2 and 3 ........................................................................................
7 Eddy current testing (ET) — Levels 1, 2 and 3....................................................................................
8 Penetrant testing (PT) — Levels 1, 2 and 3 .........................................................................................
9 Magnetic particle testing (MT) — Levels 1, 2 and 3 ............................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
10 Leak testing (LT) — Levels 1, 2 and 3.................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
11 Acoustic emissions testing (AT) — Levels 1, 2 and 3 .......................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
12 Visual testing (VT) — Levels 1, 2 and 3 ................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
13 Infrared thermography testing (TT) - Levels 1, 2 and 3 .....................................................................
14 Strain testing (ST) - Levels 1, 2 and 3 .................................................................................................
Bibliography ......................................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved iii

Foreword Commented [SB1]: Revise history for revision
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that
which is normally published as an International Standard ("state of the art", for example), it may decide by a
simple majority vote of its participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely
informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no
longer valid or useful.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/TR 25107 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee
CEN/TC 138, Non-destructive testing, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 135, Non-destructive
testing, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna
Agreement).
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved iv

Introduction Commented [SB2]: Revise for revision
Originally released in 2008, this Technical Report presented to the worldwide non‐destructive testing (NDT)
community the recommendations of ISO/TC135 and CEN/TC138 for the minimum technical knowledge to be
required of NDT personnel. Recommendations were provided as a means for evaluating and documenting
the competence of personnel whose duties demand the appropriate theoretical and practical knowledge.
As part of the efforts to streamline and harmonize the training and certification of NDT personnel,
ISO/TC 135 and CEN/TC 138 have been actively involved in developing guidelines for training syllabuses (this
Technical Report) and for NDT training organizations (ISO/TR 27108). These documents are intended to serve
those involved in training and to be useful in achieving a uniform level of training material and —
consequently — in the competence of personnel.
This second edition of this document, together with ISO/TR 27108, represents the efforts of a ISO TC
135/SC7 working group in the continued promotion of harmonization and mutual recognition of minimum
requirements for differing certification schemes.
The content of this revised second edition has been based on the experience of the experts as well as on
comments from the end‐user industries, as well as the most recent edition of ISO 9712 which was
harmonized with EN 473 in 2012.
The time allotment for the different topics is suggested after thorough consideration and, as a consequence,
the total duration given for a method and level can be sometimes greater or lower than the minimum
duration required by ISO 9712.
This Technical Report will continue to be revised in the coming years in order to maintain a workable
document in line with the development of NDT methods and techniques.
ISO/TC 135 and CEN/TC 138 wish to express their appreciation to all those who contributed to the
production of this publication.
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved v

Non-destructive testing — Guidelines for NDT training syllabuses
1 Scope
This Technical Report gives guidelines for non‐destructive testing (NDT) training syllabuses, with the intention of Commented [SB3]: Revise based on final outcome of
document
harmonizing and maintaining the general standard of training of NDT personnel for industrial needs.
It also establishes the minimum requirements for effective structured training of NDT personnel to ensure
eligibility for competency examinations leading to third‐party certification according to recognized standards. In
addition to non‐destructive testing in general, its guidelines for syllabuses cover acoustic emission testing, eddy
current testing, leak testing, magnetic particle testing, penetrant testing, radiographic testing, ultrasonic testing,
visual testing, infrared themographic testing, and strain gauge testing.
NOTE ISO/TR 27108 gives associated guidelines for NDT training organizations intended for the general part of training Commented [SB4]: Revise based on final outcome of
courses. document
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
ISO 9712 (all relevant parts), Non‐destructive testing – qualification and certification of personnel
ISO/TS 18173, Non‐destructive testing – General terms and definitions
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in
ISO 9712, Non‐destructive testing – qualification and certification of personnel
ISO/TS 18173, Non‐destructive testing – General terms and definitions
ISO 12716, Non‐destructive testing – Acoustic emission inspection ‐‐ Vocabulary
ISO 12706, Non‐destructive testing – Penetrant Testing – Vocabulary
ISO 5576, Non‐destructive testing – Industrial X‐ray and gamma‐ray radiology ‐‐ Vocabulary
ISO 5577, Non‐destructive testing – Ultrasonic inspection – Vocabulary
ISO 12707, Non‐destructive testing – Terminology – Terms used in magnetic particle testing
ISO 10878, Non‐destructive testing – Infrared thermography—Vocabulary
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved vi

ISO 12718, Non‐destructive testing – Eddy Current ‐‐ Vocabulary
4 Introduction to NDT
The body of technical knowledge required of NDT personnel is essential for the development of deliverables
concerning NDT methods. No deliverables can be developed appropriately for NDT methods, without sufficient
information on the technical background knowledge of the personnel who may utilize the methods.
Training syllabuses by themselves cannot guarantee competence of the trainees to provide adequate technical
knowledge, since it is quite common that some students achieve excellent results whereas others fail in the
same class. ISO 9712 provides opportunity for additional training options and options for the reduction training
time and thus training organizations should use discretion when implementing the syllabuses respective of their
training environment.
4.1 Role
Non‐destructive testing makes an important contribution to the safety, and economic and ecological welfare, of
our society.
NDT is the only choice for the testing of an object which may not be destroyed, modified or degraded by the
testing process. This is generally required for objects which are to be used after testing, for example, safety
parts, pipelines, power plants, and also constructions under in‐service inspection, but even for unique parts in
archaeology and culture.
NDT is based on physical effects at the surface or the inner structure of the object under test. Often, the
outcome of the test needs to be interpreted to give a useful result; sometimes different NDT methods must be
combined, or verified by other test methods.
4.2 Task of NDT personnel
NDT personnel have a great responsibility, not only with respect to their employers or contractors but also
under the rules of good workmanship. The NDT personnel must be independent and free from economic
influences with regard to his test results, otherwise the results are compromised. The NDT personnel should be
aware of the importance of his signature and the consequences of incorrect test results for safety, health and
environment. Under legal aspects, the falsification of certificates is an offence and judged according to the
national legal regulations. A tester may find himself in a conflicting situation about his findings with his
employer, the responsible authorities or legal requirements.
Finally, the NDT personnel is responsible for all interpretations of test results carrying his signature. NDT
personnel should never sign test reports beyond their certification.
4.3 Levels of competence
A three‐level scheme, in accordance with ISO 9712, is used to define levels of competence to indicate the
required depth of understanding, knowledge and application of material.
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved vii

Level 1
‐ Acquire a general knowledge of topic areas

‐ Identify equipment & accessories
‐ Identify common reference documents
‐ Recognize when material is applicable or why it is relevant
‐ Demonstrate understanding by performing instructed inspection tasks
Level 2
‐ Attain a sound understanding of concepts and principles

‐ Develop a sound conceptual and comprehensive technical knowledge
‐ Develop a sound working knowledge of procedures
‐ Become familiar with common reference documents
‐ Become proficient in the application of knowledge to practice
‐ Apply concepts and techniques to inspection situations
‐ Analyze information to make preliminary conclusions
Level 3
‐ Attain an in‐depth understanding of concepts and principles

‐ Develop in‐depth comprehensive technical knowledge of procedures
‐ Be proficient in the application of knowledge to practice
‐ Become proficient with the use of reference documents
‐ Analyze information to form conclusions
‐ Apply concepts and techniques to new inspection situations
4.4 History of NDT
The principle of NDT started to be put into practice with visual checks in prehistoric times. In medieval later
centuries, test methods such as simple leakage tests and hardness checks were introduced. The breakthrough
for NDT came with industrialization in the 19th and 20th centuries: X‐ray and ultrasonic testing for inner defects,
penetrant and magnetic particle testing for surface cracks. During the last few decades, sophisticated, mostly
electronically linked methods, such as eddy current testing, RADAR, computer tomography and thermography
have been developed. NDT methods have found application in a wide range of industries — from civil
engineering and industrial plants to space and defence technology.
The history of NDT is linked to many famous researchers and inventors, including W. Röntgen, A.H. Becquerel,
M. and P. Curie, H.C. Oersted, M. Faraday and even L. da Vinci. They discovered the physical principles and
demonstrated early applications. Altogether approximately 5 000 scientists worldwide made contributions to
the present state of NDT.
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved viii

NDT is a global technology. Since NDT tasks and related technical problems are similar in all developed
countries, improved solutions and new equipment are spread around the world within a few months. Many
international conferences and standards committees contribute to a steady and consensual development of
NDT for the benefit of safety, economy and the environment.
4.5 Terminology of NDT
Correct and standardized terminology is a necessity for a particular technology applied worldwide. It is needed
for communication between contracting parties, NDT personnel and certifying bodies. Terms like “indication”,
“imperfection”, “flaw” and “defect” require a precise and unequivocal definition if confusion and
misinterpretation of results is to be avoided. See Clause 3.
4.6 General environmental and safety considerations
4.5.1 Non-destructive testing is often applied in conditions where the safety of the operator could be in danger
owing to local conditions, or where the application of the particular NDT method or techniques could in itself
compromise the safety of the operator and others in the vicinity.
An essential element of any course training for NDT personnel must therefore be safety. The duration of the
training for this subject should be adequate and be provided in addition to the technical training associated with
a particular NDT method.
4.5.2 General safety considerations include, but are not necessarily limited to, the following:
 environmental conditions (heat, cold, humidity);
 toxicity (NDT materials, tested products, atmosphere);
 radiation safety (NDT materials, products, local regulations);
 electrical safety (NDT equipment, lethal voltages, EMC);
 potential for injury to personnel (working at height or in other dangerous environments);
 personal protection equipment (clothing, radiation dosimeters).
 Pressure test safety
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved ix

5. Radiographic testing (RT) – Levels 1, 2 and 3
Note: a) As specified in ISO 9712, direct access to the level 2 examination requires the total time for level 1, level 2 and direct access to level 3
examination requires the total time shown for level 1, level 2 and level 3
b) Additional training shall be required prior to radiographic training, to meet national requirements for radiation safety
c) In addition to the recommended training hours , a general knowledge common core course for Level 3 (applicable to all NDT methods) is
recommended which shall be successfully completed only once.
d) Especially for computed tomography (CT) and/or Radioscopy (RT‐S) related training
e) Annex A provides guidance on the training process for computed tomography (CT) and/or Radioscopy (RT‐S)
f) Items .1, .3, .8 and .9 maybe the focus of a common course for all NDT methods
General Content
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3

(%) (%) (%)
5.1 Introduction to terminology and history of radiographic testing (RT) 2.5 0.625 1.25
5.2 Physical principles of the method and associated knowledge 15 10 15
5.3 Product knowledge and capabilities of the method and its derived techniques 15 15 20
5.4 Equipment 25 20 25
5.5 Information prior to testing (for 1 Product Sector) 5 7.5 5
5.6 Testing (for 1 Product Sector) 30 25 2.5
5.7 Evaluation and reporting (for 1 Product Sector) 5 10 7.5
5.8 Assessment (for 1 Product Sector) 0 5 10
5.9 Quality aspects 2.5 5 7.5
5.10 Developments 0 1.875 6.25
Product Sector
Training hours are recommended per product sector. General training listed above plus one product sector is the
equivalent of the minimum training requirements per ISO 9712:2012. When combining product sectors refer to specific
industrial sector.
5.11 Castings (ferrous and nonferrous materials)
5.12 Forging (all types of forgings: ferrous and nonferrous materials
5.13 Welds (all types of welds, including soldering, for ferrous and nonferrous material)
5.14 Tubes and pipes (seamless, welded, ferrous and non‐ferrous materials, including
flat products for the manufacturing of welded pipes)
5.15 Wrought Products, except forgings (e.g. plates, bar, rods)
5.16 Composite materials
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved x

Industrial Sectors
Sectors combining a number of product sectors including all or some products or defined materials (e.g. ferrous and non‐
ferrous metals or non‐metals like ceramics, plastics, and composites)
Note: The Certifying Body should use discretion in determining the appropriate training durations based on the above
and with consideration to the requirements of ISO 9712, 7.2.3
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xi

Radiographic Testing (RT) – Level 1, 2 and 3
General Content
RT‐F (Film) RT – D (Digital) RT‐S (Radioscopy)

Content
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
5.1 History X X c) X X c) X X c)
Introduction to
terminology and What is testing? X X c) X X c) X X c)
history of
radiographic What is the purpose of NDT? X X c) X X c) X X c)
testing (RT)
At what stage of life is NDT
X X c) X X c) X X c)
Purpose of NDT performed on a “product”?
How does it add value? X X c) X X c) X X c)
Who may carry out NDT? X X c) X X c) X X c)
Main NDT Methods X X c) X X c) X X c)
Purpose of Definition X X c) X X c) X X c)
radiographic testing
(RT) Applicability and limitations X X c) X X c) X X c)
Electromagnetic radiation X X X X X X
Energy X X X X X X
Dose X X X X X X
Dose rate X X X X X X
Terminology
Wave‐length X X X
Intensity X X X
Dose rate constant X X X
Activity X X X X X X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xii

General Content

Content
Relevant Standards See Annex B X X X X X X
5.2 Structure of the atom X X X X X X X X X

Physical
principles of the
method and
associated Electromagnetic spectrum X X X X X X X X X
knowledge
Sources of radiation and its
properties:
‐ X‐rays X X X X X X X X X
‐ Gamma rays X X X X X X X X X
‐ Neutrons X X X
X‐ray and Gamma ray
General X X X X X X X X X
spectrum
Essential radiographic
parameters
‐ Voltage X X X X X X X X X
‐ Current X X X X X X X X X
‐ Activity X X X X X X X X X
Radiation filters X X X X X X
Focal spot X X X X X X X X X
Dose X X X X X X X X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xiii

General Content

Content
Dose rate X X X X X X X X X
Dose rate constant X X X X X X

General mechanism of
X X X X X X X X X
interaction
‐ Photoelectric effect X X X X X X
‐ Compton effect X X X X X X
‐ Pair production X X X X X X
HVL, TVL and attenuation law X X X X X X X X X

Attenuation of
radiation Hardening of radiation, X X X X X X X X
Scattered radiation and build
X X X X X X
up factor
Filtering and collimation X X X X X X X X X
Fluorescence X X X
Attenuation of neutrons and
X X X
electrons
Contrast, noise, granularity X X X X X X X X X
Radiation contrast, Specific contrast X X X X X X

noise Scatter influence X X X X X X X X X
Signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) X X X X X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xiv

General Content

Content
Contrast‐to‐noise ratio X X X X
Unsharpness X X X X X X X X
Basic spatial resolution X X X X X
Pixel Size X X X X X X
Normalizated SNR (SNRN) X X X X X
See table XYZ
Compensation principles X X X X X X X X X
‐ Contrast vs. SNR X X X X

‐ Basic spatial resolution
X X X X
vs. SNR
Optimization of image ‐ Local unsharpness vs.
X X
quality SNR
Scatter protection X X X X X X X X X
Maximum/optimum X‐ray
X X X X X X
voltage
See table XYZ
Geometrical and inherent
X X X X X X X X X
unsharpness
Geometrical
projection conditions Geometrical magnification X X X X X X
Effect of magnification X X X X X X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xv

General Content

Content
Optimum magnification X X X X X
Difference between
X X X X X X
radiography and radioscopy
Law of the squared distance X X X X X X X X X
See table XYZ
Wire type X X X X X X X X X
Step hole type X X X X X X X X X
Plate hole type X X X X X X X X X
Duplex wire type X X X X X X X X X

Image quality
indicators Measurement of basic spatial
X X X X X X
resolution
Converging line pairs X X X X X
Line pair gauges (MTF) X X X
See table XYZ
5.3 Processes Overview X c) X c) X c)

Product
knowledge and General Defects ‐ Casting X c) X c) X c)
capabilities of the
method and its ‐ Forging X c) X c) c)
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xvi

General Content

Content
derived ‐ Welding X c) X c) c)
techniques
‐ Tubes and Pipes X c) X c) c)
‐ Wrought Products X c) X c) c)
‐ Composite material X c) X c) X c)
Types of discontinuities X X c) X X c) X X c)
Fracture mechanics c) c) c)
Working load c) c) c)
Material properties X X X X X X
Origin of defects X X X X X X
Evaluation X X X X X X
Type of defect X X X X X X X X X
Size X X X X X X X X X
Orientation X X X X X X X X X
Influence on
detectability
Number of exposures X X X X X X
Beam direction X X X X X X X X X
Geometric distortion X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xvii

General Content

Content
Increase in wall thickness X X X X X X
Thickness ranges for X‐ and

X X X X X X
gamma rays
Number of exposures vs.
distortion angle (tubes and X X X X X X
pipes)
See table XYZ
Standard sources X X X X X X X X X
‐ Stationary vs. mobile X X X X X X

‐ Construction and
function of X‐ray X X X X X X X X X
tubes
‐ Uni‐ vs. bipolar X X X X X X
5.4 Radiation sources – X‐
Equipment ray sources Special sources X X X X X X
Generation of high voltage X X X X X X
Cooling X X X X X X X X X
Handling X X X X X X X X X
Parameters:
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xviii

General Content

Content
‐ kV X X X X X X X X X
‐ mA X X X X X X X X X
‐ spot size X X X X X X X X X
Measurement of parameters X X X X X X
See table XYZ
Container X X X X X X
‐ Shielding X X X X X X
‐ Classes of containers X X
Transportation X X X X X X
Source holder and capsula
Radiation sources – ‐ Handling and projection X X X X X X

Gamma sources ‐ Special design X X X X
‐ Collimation X X X X X X
Parameters:
‐ Isotope type X X X X X X
‐ Spectrum X X X X X X
‐ Energy X X X X X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xix

General Content

Content
‐ Activity X X X X X X
‐ Source size X X X X X X
‐ Half life X X X X X X
Construction X X X X
‐ Latent image information
X X X X
origin
‐ Base, emulsion, silver
bromide, grain size, grain X X X X
form
‐ Photo process X X X
Processing X X X X
‐ Properties of film
X X X X
systems
Film
‐ Characteristic curve X X X
‐ Film gradient, film
X X X
contrast, speed
‐ Influence of film
X X X
processing
‐ Sensitivity X X X
‐ Granularity X X X
‐ Detail perceptibility X X
Classification of film systems X X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xx

General Content

Content
Quality assurance with film
X X
test strips
Film screens X X X
‐ Type of screens X X X
‐ Inherent unsharpness X X X
‐ Intensifying effect X X
‐ Effect of filtering X X
‐ Screens for cobalt 60 and
X X X
Linac
Working with exposure charts X X X
See table XYZ
Darkroom design X X X
Manual vs. machine
X X X
development
Different baths X X X
Film development and Quality assurance in the dark
X X
dark room conditions room
Developing process X X X
‐ Principles X X
‐ Processing equipment,
X X X
adjustment
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xxi

General Content

Content
‐ Checking X X X
‐ Storage of unexposed
X X X
films
‐ Darkroom light test X X
‐ Fog test X X
‐ Clearing time X X X
‐ Tally sheet X X X
Use of film strips X X
Phosphor imaging plates X X X
‐ Introduction X X X
‐ Design X X X
Imaging plate and CR‐scanner X X X
Computer‐ CR system and classification X X

Radiographie (CR),
Imaging plates Quality assurance (phantom) X X
Exposure conditions X X X
Working with exposure charts X X X
Handling X X X
System selection X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xxii

General Content

Content
Digital Detector Arrays (DDA) X X X X X X
‐ Introduction X X X X X X
‐ Design X X X X X X
Indirect converting X X X X
Direct converting X X X X
DDA’s CCD, amorph. Si, CMOS X X X X
Detector calibration X X X X
Quality assurance X X X X
Exposure conditions X X X X
Handling X X X X X X
Line Detector Arrays (LDA) d) X d) X
‐ Introduction d) X d) X
‐ Design d) X d) X
LDA’s
Application areas d) X d) X
Comparison to DDA’s d) X d) X
Quality Assurance (phantom) d) X d) X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xxiii

General Content

Content
Exposure conditions and
d) X d) X
Diagrams
Handling d) X X
System selection X X X
Introduction X X X
Design X X X
Application areas X X X
Quality assurance (phantom) X X

Intensifiers,
fluoroscope Exposure conditions and
X X
diagrams
Handling X X X
System selection X
Comparison to DDA’s X X
Scanner design X X X
‐ Camera based X X
Film digitization ‐ Line scanners X X
‐ Laser scanners X X
Quality assurance (phantom) X X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xxiv

General Content

Content
Handling, archiving X X X
Classification X X X
Equipment X X X X X X X X X
‐ Lead letters and tape X X X X X X X X X
‐ Holding magnets X X X X X X
Accessories ‐ Lead shielding,
X X X X X X X X X
collimation, masking
‐ Rubber bands X X X X X X
‐ Radiation protection
X X X X X X X X X
equipment
A/D interface X X X X X X
Computer structure X X X X
‐ Processor, memory, bus,
X X X X X X
disk
Data acquisition,
Load and save of digital images X X X X X X
detector calibration
‐ Image formats X X X X X X
Image integration
‐ On chip integration /
X X X X X X
frame time
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xxv

General Content

Content
‐ In memory integration /
X X X X X X
frame number
Optimum gain and latitude
X X X X
settings
‐ Accumulation vs.
X X X X
integration
See table XYZ
Identification or designation
X X X X X X X X X
material
‐ Object to be tested X X X X X X X X X
Information about the
test object ‐ Kind of manufacture X X X X X X X X X
‐ Catalogue of defects X X X X X X
‐ Extent of test coverage X X X X X X X X X

5.5 Accessibility X X X X
Information prior
to testing Infrastructure X X
Particular test conditions X X X X X X

Test conditions and
application of Application standard X X X X X X
standard
Stage of manufacture or
service life when testing is to X X X
be carried out
Standards assigned to the test
X X X X X X
object
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xxvi

General Content

Content
Requirements of test
X X X
personnel
Acceptance criteria X X X X X X
Surface condition X X X X X X
Technique and
sequence of Surface preparation X X X X X X
performing test
Post test documentation X X X X X X
Preparation of written
X X X
procedure
Preparation of written
X X X X X X
instruction
Performing inspection in
Instructions accordance with written X X X
instruction
??
Presentation of the standards,
X X X
codes and procedures
Selection of technique X X X X X X
‐ Different exposure
X X X X X X
geometries
5.6 Standard practice and
Testing evaluation standards ‐ Interpretation of images X X X X X X
‐ Evaluation of flaws X X X X X X
‐ Use of catalogues X X X X X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xxvii

General Content

Content
‐ Measurement of flaw
X X X X X X
dimensions
Viewing conditions X X X X X X X X X
‐ Room condition X X X X X X X X X
‐ Viewing time X X X X X X X X X
‐ Lapsed time after
X X X
dazzling
‐ Luminance X X X X X X
Basic of evaluation ‐ Density measurement X X X
‐ Mach effect X X
5.7
Evaluation and Film illuminator X X X
reporting
‐ See table XYZ
‐ Minimum luminance X X
‐ Homogeneity factor X X
Eye sight X X X X X X
Physical factors
Adaption prior viewing X X
Verification of the image
Evaluation of X X X X X X X X X
quality
radiographs
Report of imperfections X X X X X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xxviii

General Content

Content
Complies with examination
X X X X X X
standard
Conformed to test quality X X X X X X
Test report Achieved test class X X X X X X X X X

Achieved diagnostic coverage
X X X X X X X X
of test object
Image structure, quantization

X X X X X X
(bits and Bytes)
Basic operation
‐ Picture element (pixel) X X X X X X
‐ Gray value X X X X X X
Point operations
Digital Image
Processing ‐ Contrast X X X X X X
‐ Brightness X X X X X X
‐ Gamma correction X X X X X X
‐ Histogram X X X X
‐ Look up table (LUT) X X X X
Matrix operations, filters X X X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xxix

General Content

Content
‐ Smoothing, improvement
X X X X
of SNR
‐ High pass, gradient X X X X
‐ Edge enhancement, line
X X X X
extraction
‐ median X X X X
Measurement tools X X X X
‐ Calibration X X X X
‐ Line profile X X X X
‐ Measurement of flaw
X X X X
length
‐ Measurement of areas X X X X
‐ Measurement of depth X X X X
Correction of raw data X X X X
‐ Linearization, LUT X X
‐ Bad pixel interpolation X X
Principles X X X X
Automated image
Binarization X X X
interpretation
Measurement of dimensions X X X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xxx

General Content

Content
Type X X X X X X
Size X X X X X X
5.8 Classification of Localization X X X X X X
Assessment imperfections
Frequency X X X X X X
Influence of manufacture and
X X X X X X
material
ISO 9712 X X X X X X X X X
Personnel
qualification Other NDT qualification and
X X X
certification systems
Format and scope of working
X X X
procedures
Qualification of NDT
X X X
procedures
5.9 Authorizations (NDT
Quality aspects instruction, procedures and X X X
personnel)
Documentation
Developing written instruction X X X X X X
Working correctly to written
X X X
instruction
Traceability of documents X X X X X X
Reliability of measurements X X X X X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xxxi

General Content

Content
Correct technique selection X X X X X X
Knowledge of Use of correct test parameters X X X X X X

applicable NDT
NDT method selection X X X
application and
product standards Job specific training X X X X X X
Equipment verification X X X X X X
Stereo radiography X X X X X X
Computed Tomography (CT) X X X X X
‐ Inspection geometry X X
‐ 2D vs. 3D X X
5.10
Special techniques ‐ Reconstruction principles X X
Developments
‐ Filtered back projections X X
‐ Applications X X X
‐ Requirements, limitations X X X
RT‐F vs RT‐D X X X X X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xxxii

Radiographic Testing – Level 1, 2 and 3
Note: Where the same content is listed across multiple levels, it must be understood that a deeper knowledge of the subject is required at the higher level
Specific Content – Product Sectors
Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Casting processes X X X X X X X X X
Types of discontinuities X X X X X X X X X
Fracture mechanics c) c) c)
Structural indications X c) X c) X c)
Product knowledge
Working load c) c) c)
‐ Material Properties c) c) c)
5.11 ‐ Origin of defects X c) X c) X c)

Castings
(ferrous and Evaluation of Castings X X X X X X
nonferrous
materials) Instruction X X X X X X
‐ preparation X X X
Written procedure
X X X
preparation
Information prior to
testing Testing classes X X X X X X
Exposure geometries X X X X X X
Selection of X‐ray voltage X X X X X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xxxiii

Minimum optical density (OD)
X X X X X X
or SNRN
Source‐to‐Object Distance
(SOD) Source‐to‐Detector
X X X X X X
Distance (SDD) Object‐to‐
Detector Distance (ODD)
Technique based on standard
practice with different X X X X X X
exposure geometries
‐ Selection X X X X X X
Testing ‐ Set up X X X X X X X X X
‐ Perform inspection X X X X X X X X X
Digital processing of images X X X X
Usage of catalogues X X X X X X
Test report X X X X X X X X X
‐ Record and classify
X X X X X X X X X
results
Evaluation and reporting Interpretation of images X X X X X X
Evaluation of flaws X X X X X X
Measurement of flaw
X X X X X X
dimensions
Assessment Type X X X X X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xxxiv

Size X X X X X X
Localization X X X X X X
Frequency X X X X X X
X X X X X X
material
Forging processes
Types of discontinuities
Fracture mechanics
Structural indications
Product knowledge
5.12 Working load
Forging (all
types of ‐ Material Properties
forgings:
ferrous and ‐ Origin of defects
non‐ferrous
materials) Evaluation of Forgings
Instruction
‐ Preparation
testing Written procedure
preparation
Testing classes
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xxxv

Exposure geometries
Selection of X‐ray voltage
Number of exposures
Minimum O.D. or SNRN
SOD, SDD, ODD

practice with different
exposure geometries
‐ Selection
Testing ‐ Set up
‐ Perform inspection
Digital processing of images
Usage of catalogues
Test report

Evaluation and reporting
Interpretation of images
Evaluation of flaws
Assessment Type
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xxxvi

Size
Localization
Frequency
material
Welding processes X X X X X X X X X
Type of weld seams and weld
X c) X c) X c)
preparation
Types of discontinuities X X X X X X X X X
5.13 Fracture mechanics c) c) c)

Welds (all
types of welds Product knowledge Working load c) c) c)
including,
soldering, Material properties X X X X X X
ferrous and
Origin of defects X X X X X X
non‐ferrous
material) Evaluation of welds X X X X X X
Reference standard(s):
Information prior to Instruction X X X X X X X X X

testing ‐ preparation X X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xxxvii

Written procedure
X X X
preparation
Testing classes X X X X X X
Exposure geometries X X X X X X
SOD, SDD, ODD X X X X X X
Minimum OD or SNRN X X X X X X
See table XYZ

practice with different X X X X X X X X X
exposure geometries
‐ Set up X X X X X X X X X
Testing
Digital processing of images X X X X

Measurement of flaw
X X X X X X
dimensions
See table XYZ
Evaluation and reporting Test report X X X X X X X X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xxxviii

X X X X X X X X X
results
Interpretation of images X X X X X X
Evaluation of flaws X X X X X X
Classification according to X X X X X X
‐ ISO 17635 X X X X X X
Assessment ‐ ISO 5817 X X X X X X
‐ ISO 10675 X X X X X X
‐ National or regional
X X X X X X
equivalent
5.14 Types of corrosion X X X X X X X X X

Tubes and
pipes Types of discontinuities X X X X X X
(seamless,
welded, ferrous Corrosion process X X X X X X
and non‐
Product knowledge Working load X X X X X X
ferrous
materials, ‐ Materials properties X X X X X X
inkling flat
products for ‐ Origin of defects X X X X X X
the
manufacturing Evaluation of corrosion X X X X X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xxxix

of welded ‐ Tangential RT X X X X X X
pipes)
‐ Double wall technique X X X X X X
Instruction X X X X X X
‐ Preparation X X X
Written procedure
X X X
preparation
Testing classes X X X X X X
testing Exposure geometries X X X X X X
Minimum O.D. or SNRN X X X X X X
SOD, SDD, ODD X X X X X X

practice with different X X X X X X
exposure geometries
Testing
‐ Set up X X X X X X X X X
Tangential RT X X X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xl

Double wall RT X X X X X X
Calibration of digital images X X X X X
Measurement of thickness X X X X X X
Assessment Classification X X X X X X
Wrought products and

associated processes
Fracture mechanics
5.15 Product knowledge
Working load
Wrought
products ‐ Material Properties
except forgings
(e.g. plates, ‐ Origin of defects
bar, rods)
Evaluation of wrought
products
Instruction
Information prior to ‐ Preparation
testing
Written procedure
preparation
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xli

Testing classes
Exposure geometries
Number of exposures
SOD, SDD, ODD

exposure geometries
‐ Selection
Testing ‐ Set up
‐ Perform inspection
Usage of catalogues
Test report
Evaluation and reporting results
Evaluation of flaws
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xlii

Type
Size
Assessment Localization
Frequency
material
Composite materials
Fracture mechanics
Product knowledge
Working load
5.16
Composite ‐ Material Properties
materials
‐ Origin of defects
Evaluation of composites
Instruction
‐ preparation
testing
Written procedure
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xliii

preparation
Testing classes
Exposure geometries
Number of exposures
SOD, SDD, ODD

exposure geometries
‐ Selection
‐ Set up
Testing ‐ Perform inspection
Evaluation of flaws
Usage of catalogues
Evaluation and reporting Test report
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xliv

results
Evaluation of flaws
Type
Size
Assessment Localization
Frequency
material
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xlv

6 Ultrasonic Testing (UT) – Levels 1, 2 and 3
Note: a) As specified in ISO 9712, direct access to the level 2 examination requires the total hours for level 1, level 2 and direct access to level 3
examination requires the total hours shown for level 1, level 2 and level 3
b) In addition to the recommended training hours , a general knowledge common core course for Level 3 (applicable to all NDT methods) is
c) Items .1, .3, .8 and .9 maybe the focus of a common course for all NDT methods
General Content

(%) (%) (%)
6.1 Introduction to terminology and history of ultrasonic testing (UT) 1 1 1
6.2 Physical principles of the method and associated knowledge 12.5 12 23
6.3 Product knowledge and capabilities of the method and its derived techniques 30 23.75 3
6.4 Equipment 15 8.75 14
6.5 Information prior to testing 1 11 14
6.6 Testing 30 27.5 19
6.7 Evaluation and reporting 10 7.5 11
6.8 Assessment 0 5 6
6.9 Quality aspects .5 3.5 7
6.10 Developments 0 0 5
Product Sector
industrial sector.
Industrial Sector
Sectors combining a number of product sectors including all or some products or defined materials (e.g. ferrous and non‐
ferrous metals or non‐metals like ceramics, plastics, and composites)
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xlvi

Does ISO 9712 allow for reductions based on sectors (general content is valid for all
sectors)??????
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xlvii

Ultrasonic Testing (UT) – Level 1, 2 and 3
General Content
6.1
Introduction to
terminology and Task of NDT personnel X X
history of ultrasonic
testing (UT) Overview of general and
X
product standards
Terminology X X X
6.2 Review of mathematical Algebra X

Physical principles basics
and associated Trigonometry X
knowledge Logarithms X
Physical definitions and Sinusoidal movement X X
Concepts necessary typical parameters
for understanding Amplitude X X
the physical
principles of Period X X
ultrasonic testing
Frequency X X
(physics,
mathematics) may Velocity
be the object of a X X
preliminary training Acoustic impedance X X
courses
Acoustic pressure X
Factors of reflection and
X
transmission (normal beam only)
Isotropic materials X
Anisotropic materials X
Waves Sinusoidal movement X
Amplitude X
Frequency X
Wavelength X
Propogation velocity X
Longitudinal X X
Transverse X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xlviii

General Content
Rayleigh waves (surface waves) X

Creeping waves X
Plate waves X
Transmission and reflection Effects at interfaces at normal
X X
incidence
‐ Transmission X X
‐ Reflection X X
‐ Interference X
‐ Dispersion X
Snell’s law X X
Relation between velocity and
X
elastic properties
Effects at interfaces at oblique
X X
incidence
‐ Transmission X X
‐ Reflection X X
‐ Refraction X X
Corner reflectors X X
‐ Reflection X X
‐ Mode conversion X X
Electrostriction X
Magnetostriction X
Electric dynamic generation X
Generation by laser X
Piezo‐electric effect X X
Reverse piezo‐electric effect X X
Transducer characteristics Material X X
Dimensions X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xlix

General Content
Frequency X X
Piezo‐electric constants X X
Sound fields of disc shaped Near field (Fresnel zone) X X
transducers
Far field (Fraunhofer zone) X X
Beam divergence X X
Influence of transducer frequency
X X
and diameter
Far field (Fraunhofer zone) X X
Beam divergence X X
6.3 General defects Casting X X
Product knowledge
and related Forging X X
capability of the
Welding X X
method and derived
techniques Tubes and Pipes X X
Wrought Products X X
Composite material X X
Implementation of the According to products X X
testing techniques
According to expected
X X
discontinuities
Standards, specifications and
X
codes
Overall properties of the Influence of surface conditions X X
specimen
Geometry (additional echoes due
to grazing incidence and radial X X
straight beam incidence
Structure (sound attenuation) X X
Selection of probe X
‐ Inspection‐oriented
X
design of specimen
Testing technique based on task X
‐ Simulations X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved l

General Content
6.4 Ultrasonic instruments Digital instruments X X

Equipment
‐ Design X X
‐ Function X X
‐ Pulse generation X X
‐ Reception X X
‐ Amplification X X
‐ A‐scan presentation X X
‐ RF‐signal X X
‐ Rectification X X
‐ Peak and flank
X X
measurement
Analogue vs. digital X X
Ultrasonic thickness gauge X X
Automated and semi‐ automated
X X
systems
Manual X
Speed X
Incrementation X
Repeatability X
Sampling rate X
Probes Straight beam X X
‐ Design X X
‐ Application X X
Angle beam X X
‐ Design X X
‐ Effects at interface
X X
wedge/specimen
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved li

General Content
‐ Critical angles X X
‐ Typical angles for testing
X X
of steel
‐ Sound fields X X
‐ Probe index X X
‐ Beam angle X X
‐ Change of probe index
and beam angle due to X X
abrasion or probe shoes
‐ Half and full skip X X
‐ Application X X
Dual‐element X X
‐ Design X X
‐ Deviation error X X
‐ Sound field X X
‐ Calibration X X
‐ Application X X
Dynamic range X
Immersion probes (focused,
spherical, cylindrical, Fermat X
surface)
Measurement of pulse length X
Practical measurement of
X
directional characteristics
Shoe (delay, curvature) X
Couplant X X
Connecting cables Length X
Impedance X
Calibration reference and Calibration block No. 1 X X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved lii

General Content
transfer blocks Calibration block No. 2 X X X

Reference blocks X X X
Resolution X X X
‐ Near X X X
‐ Far X X X
6.5 Information about the test Identification or designation

X X X
Information prior to object material
testing ‐ Object to be tested X X X
‐ Kind of manufacture X X X
‐ Catalogue of defects X X
‐ Extent of test coverage X X X
Test conditions and Accessibility X X
application of standard
Infrastructure X
Particular test conditions X X
Application standard X X
Stage of manufacture or service
life when testing is to be carried X
out
X X
object
Requirements of test personnel X X
Acceptance criteria X
Technique and sequence of Surface condition X
performing test
Surface preparation X
Post test documentation X
Instructions Preparation of written procedure X
Preparation of written instruction X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved liii

General Content
accordance with written X
instruction
6.6 Techniques Pulse echo and transmission X X
Testing
Contact X X
Tandem technique X
Immersion technique X
TOFD technique X
Phased Array technique X
Techniques for ultrasonic
X X
thickness measurement
‐ Reference reflectors (laws
X
of distance and size)
Verification of combined
X X
equipment
‐ DGS‐method X
‐ Multiple probe arrays X
EMAT
Range setting X X
‐ Single point calibration X X
‐ Two point calibration X X
Sensitivity setting X X
‐ Reference reflectors (BW,
X X
SDH, DSR)
‐ Single reflector technique
X X
(reference height)
‐ Air coupled ultrasonic
X
testing
‐ Guided waves X
‐ Testing at higher
X
temperatures
Different sizing techniques X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved liv

General Content
‐ Principles X
‐ Limitations X
‐ Requirements for
X X
reference blocks
‐ DAC‐method X X
‐ Transfer correction X X
‐ Recording gain (testing
X X
level)
‐ Errors at echo height
X X
evaluation
Laser UT X
Verification of procedures and
X
instructions for their efficiency
6.7 Interpretation Relevant standards X
Evaluation and
reporting Relevant specifications X
Relevant codes X
Evaluation (conventional or
computer aided methods e.g. echo X
tomography, SAFT)
Data storage process (e.g. ALOK) X
Detecting, locating and Detecting X X
sizing techniques
Distinction between defect and
X X
geometry echo
Locating (calculation,
X X
trigonometrical rules)
Interpretation X
Evaluation X
A‐scan X
B‐scan presentation X X
C‐scan presentation X X
D‐scan presentation X
E‐scan presentation X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved lv

General Content
F‐scan presentation X
P‐scan presentation X
S‐scan presentation X
Recording results X X
Classifying results X X
Acceptance levels X X
Echo height evaluation with DGS‐
X
method
Sizing and half amplitude
X
technique
Sizing using the fixed amplitude
X
level technique
Echo height evaluation with single
reflector technique and DAC‐ X
method
Reporting X
Check content and matching of
test reports, instructions and X
procedures
6.8 Evaluation and Application of the acceptance
Assessment confirmation of test criteria according to standards, X
reports codes and procedures
6.9 Personnel qualification ISO 9712 X X X
Quality aspects
Other NDT qualification and
X X
Documentation Traceability of documents X X
Equipment verification X X
Reliability of measurements X X
Format of working procedures X
6.10 Newest developments for Phased array X X X
Developments industrial and scientific
applications of UT Time of fight diffraction X X X
Long‐range X X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved lvi

General Content
Computer modelling X

Note: Where the same content is listed across multiple levels, it must be understood that a deeper knowledge of the
subject is required at the higher level
6.11 Product knowledge Casting processes X X X

Castings
(ferrous and Types of discontinuities X X X
nonferrous
materials) Fracture mechanics X
Structural indications X
Working load X X
‐ Material Properties X X
‐ Origin of defects X X
Information prior to testing Identify or designate material X X X
Extent of coverage X X X
Surface condition X
Test conditions and applicable
X
standard
Preparation of written procedure X
‐ Instructions to follow X
Testing Technique based on standard
X X
practice with different geometries
‐ Selection X X
‐ Setup/calibration X X
‐ Perform inspection X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved lvii

Interpretation of results X X
Evaluation of results X X
Evaluation and reporting Test report X X X
X X
results
Evaluation of flaws X X
Assessment Type X X
Size X X
Localization X X
Frequency X X
X X
material
6.12 Product knowledge Forging Processes X X X
Forging (all
types of Types of discontinuities X X X
forgings:
ferrous and Fracture mechanics X
non‐ferrous
materials)
Working load X X
‐ Material properties X X
Information prior to testing Identification or designation of
X X X
material
Surface condition X
X
standard
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved lviii


X X X
‐ Selection X X
‐ Record and classify X X
Assessment Type X X
Size X X
Localization X X
Frequency X X
X X
material
6.13 Product knowledge Welding processes X
Welds (all types
of welds Type of weld seams and weld
X
including, preparation
soldering, Types of discontinuities X X X
ferrous and
non‐ferrous Fracture mechanics X
material)
Working load X
Material properties X X
Origin of defects X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved lix

Evaluation of welds
Information prior to testing Identification or designation of

X X X
material
Surface condition X
X
standard
X X X
‐ Selection X X
X X
results
Assessment Type X X
Size X X
Localization X X
Frequency X X
X X
material
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved lx

Reference standards ISO 11666, 17405 or

X X
national/regional equivalent
6.14 Product knowledge Types of corrosion X X
Tubes and pipes
(seamless, Types of discontinuities X X
welded, ferrous
and non‐ferrous Corrosion process X X
materials,
Working load X X
inkling flat
products for the ‐ Materials properties
manufacturing X X
of welded ‐ Origin of defects X X
pipes)
Evaluation of corrosion X X
Surface condition X
X
standard
X X
‐ Selection X X
X X
results
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved lxi

Assessment Type X X
Size X X
Localization X X
Frequency X X
X X
material
6.15 Product knowledge Wrought products and associated
X X X
Wrought processes
products except Types of discontinuities X X X
forgings (e.g.
plates, bar, Fracture mechanics X
rods)
Working load X
‐ Material properties X X
Surface condition X
X
standard
X X
‐ Selection X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved lxii

X X
results
Assessment Type X X
Size X X
Localization X X
Frequency X X
X X
material
Reference standards X X
6.16 Product knowledge Composite materials X X X
Composite
materials Types of discontinuities X X X
Fracture mechanics X
Working Load X X
Surface condition X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved lxiii

X
standard
‐ Instruction to follow X
X X
‐ Selection X X
X X
results
Assessment Type X X
Size X X
Localization X X
Frequency X X
X X
material
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved lxiv

7 Eddy Current Testing (ET) – Levels 1, 2 and 3
Note: a) As specified in ISO 9712, direct access to the level 2 examination requires the total hours for level 1, level 2
and direct access to level 3 examination requires the total hours shown for level 1, level 2 and level 3
General Content

(%) (%) (%)
7.1 Introduction to terminology and history of eddy current testing (ET) 1.25 1 2
7.6 Testing 37.5 19 4
7.7 Evaluation and reporting 5 8 8
7.8 Assessment 0.0 4 4
7.9 Quality aspects 3.75 4 4
7.10 Developments 0.0 2 5
Product Sector
industrial sector.
Industrial Sector
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved lxv

Eddy Current Testing (ET) – Level 1, 2 and 3
General Content
7.1 History X X X
Introduction to
terminology and Purpose of NDT What is testing? X X X
history of eddy
current testing (ET) What is the purpose of NDT? X X X
X X X
performed on a “product”?
How does it add value? X X X
Who may carry out NDT? X X X
Main NDT Methods X X X
Purpose of eddy current Definition X
testing (ET)
Applicability and limitations X
7.2 Electricity Direct Current X X X

Physical principles
and associated ‐ Current X X X
knowledge ‐ Voltage X X X
Concepts necessary ‐ Resistance X X X
for understanding
the physical ‐ Conductance X X X
principles of eddy
current (physics, ‐ Ohm’s law X X X
mathematics) may
‐ Resistivity X X X
be the object of a
preliminary training ‐ Conductivity
courses X X X
Units X X X
‐ Conductivity values for
X X X
some metals
Alternating Current X X X
‐ Sinusoidal current X X X
‐ Voltage X X X
‐ Amplitude X X X
‐ Frequency X X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved lxvi

General Content
‐ Period X X X
‐ Phase X X X
‐ Vector representation X X
Other periodic currents X
Magnetism Magnetic field X X X
Lines of force X X
Magnetic field strength X X X
Permeability X X X
Flux density (induction) X X X
Flux X X X
Hysteresis loop X X X
Units X X X
Diamagnetism X X
Paramagnetism X X
Ferromagnetism X X
Reluctance X X
Magneto‐motive force X X
Electromagnetism Magnetic field created by a
X X X
current (wire, coil)
Electromagnetic induction
X X X
phenomenon
Inductance X X X
Mutual inductance X X
Electromagnetic coupling X X X
Induced currents X X X
Secondary field X X X
Len’s law X X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved lxvii

General Content
Distribution in conducting
X X X
materials
‐ Planar wave X X
‐ Depth of penetration X
‐ Standard depth of
X X
penetration
‐ Amplitude X X X
‐ Phase X X X
Cylindrical conductors X X
‐ Characteristic frequency X X X
Real (practical) depth of
X X
penetration
Impedance X X X
‐ Complex plane
X X
representation
‐ Impedance plane
X X
diagrams
Alternative techniques Pulsed eddy current X
Magnetic field sensors X
Alternating current field
X
measurement
Far field eddy currents X
Simulation Analytical calculation of eddy
X
current tests
Demagnetization X X X
Relevant standards ISO 15549
7.3 Defectology Manufacturing related

X X
Product knowledge discontinuities
and related Service induced discontinuities X X
capability of the
method and derived Material properties influencing
X X
techniques eddy current testing
‐ Conductivity X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved lxviii

General Content
‐ Permeability X X
Product characteristics influencing
X X
eddy current testing
‐ Condition (surface, heat
X X
treatment, cold working)
‐ Temperature X X
‐ Shape X X
‐ Wall thickness X X
‐ Accessibility X X
Products being tested X
‐ Semi‐finished products X
‐ Pipes X
‐ Heat exchanger tubes X
‐ Mechanical parts (e.g.
cars, railway and aircraft X
industry)
‐ Welds (e.g. offshore) X
Characteristics of flaws affecting
X
detection
‐ Width/depth ratio X
Applications of eddy Metal sorting X X X
current testing
Measurement of a physical
X X X
parameter
‐ Conductivity X X X
‐ Ferrite content X X X
‐ Thickness of coatings X X X
Detection of discontinuities X X X
Capabilities Depth of penetration X X X
Conductive materials X X X
Non‐contact X X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved lxix

General Content
High speed X X X
High temperature X X X
Multiplexed arrays X
Mechanized X X X
Techniques Single frequency X X X
Multifrequency X X X
Multiparameter X X X
Pulsed current X X
Multiplexed arrays X X
Remote field X X
Similarity rules for surface
inspection and tube X X
characteristic/limit frequencies
Codes and standards X X
7.4 Eddy current testing Instrument X X X

Equipment system
General purpose applications –
X X
essential functions
Specific applications X X
‐ Pulsed eddy current X
‐ Magnetic field sensors X
‐ Alternating current field
X
measurement
Mechanized equipment X X
Probes X X X
‐ Combined X X
‐ Separate transmit ‐
X X
receive
‐ Surface X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved lxx

General Content
‐ Coaxial X X
‐ Designs X X
‐ Array probes (description
X X
and operating principles)
Measurements X X X
‐ Absolute X X X
‐ Differential X X X
‐ Impedance testing X X
Output and signal display ‐ Signal‐to‐noise X X X
‐ Distortion/non‐linearity X X X
‐ Filters X X X
Reference blocks Material X X X
Design X X
Production X X
Storage X X
Codes and standards X X
7.5 Information about the test Written instructions X

Information prior to object
testing Identification or designation
X X X
material
‐ Object to be tested X X X
‐ Extent of test coverage X X
Temperature X
Humidity X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved lxxi

General Content
Availability X
Unwanted interfering signals X
Electric and/or magnetic
X
disturbances
Infrastructure X
out
X X
object
Acceptance criteria X X
performing test
Equipment to be used X
Requirement for recording X
instruction
Documents X
X
7.6 Reference blocks Design X X X

Testing
Production X X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved lxxii

General Content
Storage X X X
Probe selection as a result Product
of 7.5
‐ Grade X X
‐ Metallurgical condition X X
‐ Shape X X
‐ Type of discontinuity
X X
sought
‐ Location X X
‐ Duty of the product X X
‐ Extent of examination X X
Operating conditions as a ‐ Temperature X X
result of 7.5
‐ Humidity X X
‐ Access X X
‐ Availability X X
‐ Interfering signals X X
‐ Electric and/or magnetic
X X
disturbances
Parameters Excitation frequency X X X
Auxiliary frequencies X X X
Probe speed X X X
Probe clearance X X X
Probe vibration X X X
Probe centering X X X
Calibration curves X X X
Settings Data acquisition X X X
Written procedure X X
Written instruction X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved lxxiii

General Content
7.7 Reporting Reporting level X X

Evaluation and
reporting Examination report
X X X
Evaluation Characterization of the indications X X
‐ Single frequency analysis X X
‐ Multi‐frequency analysis X X
‐ Data analysis X X
7.8 Evaluation and Acceptance criteria according to
X X
Assessment confirmation of test standards, codes and procedures
reports Training of level 1 & 2 of the
X
acceptance criteria
7.9 Factors affecting quality of Personnel qualification X X X
Quality aspects testing
‐ ISO 9712 X X X
‐ Other NDT qualification and
X
Format and scope of working
X
procedures
Qualification of NDT procedures X
Authorizations (NDT instruction,
X
procedures and personnel)
Developing written instruction X
X
instruction
Traceability of documents X X
Knowledge of applicable Correct technique selection X
NDT application and
product standards Use of correct test parameters X
NDT method selection X X
Job specific training X X X
Equipment verification X X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved lxxiv

General Content
7.10 General information X

Developments
Non‐inductive techniques X
‐ Magneto‐Optical Imaging X
‐ SQUID X
‐ Giant magneto‐resistance X
Imaging X
Modeling X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved lxxv

Eddy Current (ET) – Level 1, 2 and 3
Note: Where the same content is listed across multiple levels, it must be understood that a deeper knowledge of the s
required at the higher level
7.11 Product knowledge Metal Sorting X

Castings (ferrous
and nonferrous Hardness measurement of cast X X
materials) stee
7.12 Product knowledge Types of flaws detected by Eddy X
Forging (all types of Current Testing
forgings: ferrous Flaw detection in forgings X X
and non‐ferrous
materials)
Welds (all types of Current Testing
welds including, Relevant standard: ISO 17643 X X
soldering, ferrous
and non‐ferrous
material)
Tubes and pipes Current Testing
(seamless, welded, Automated inspection of tubes X X
ferrous and non‐ during manufacturing
ferrous materials,
inkling flat products
for the
manufacturing of
welded pipes)
Wrought products Current Testing
except forgings (e.g. Flaw detection in wrought X X
plates, bar, rods) products
7.16 N /A
Composite
materials
Pre‐ and in‐service Current Testing
testing which Automated inspection of tubes X X
includes during manufacturing
manufacturing Heat exchanger tube inspection X X

Aerospace Current Testing
Applications of conductivity X X
measurements in aerospace
Crack detection in borings X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved lxxvi

Corrosion detection X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved lxxvii

8 Penetrant testing (PT) – Levels 1, 2 and 3
General Content

(%) (%) (%)
8.1 Introduction to terminology and history of penetrant testing (PT) 3 4 8
8.2 Physical principles of the method and associated knowledge 3 8 8.5
8.5 Information prior to testing 3 8 21.5
8.6 Testing 12 12.5 4
8.7 Evaluation and reporting 37 19 10.5
8.9 Quality aspects 6 12 21.5
8.10 Environmental and safety conditions 3 8 6
Product Sector
industrial sector.
Industrial Sector
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved lxxviii

Penetrant Testing (PT) – Level 1, 2 and 3
General Content
8.1 History X X X
Introduction to
history of penetrant
testing (PT) What is the purpose of NDT? X X X
X X X
Purpose of penetrant Definition X X X
testing (PT)
Applicability and limitations X X X
Terminology X X X
8.2 Penetrant Systems Penetrant types X X X
Physical principles
and associated ‐ Flourescent X X
knowledge ‐ Visible X X
Penetrant methods X X X
Concepts necessary
for understanding ‐ Water washable X X
the physical
‐ Post emulsifiable X X
principles of
penetrant testing ‐ Solvent removeable X X
(physics) may be the
object of a Emulsifiers X X X
preliminary training
courses Cleaner X X X
Developer X X X
‐ Wet X X
‐ Dry X X
Properties and Physical basics of the method X X X
characteristics
Penetrant X X X
‐ Viscosity X X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved lxxix

General Content
‐ Flashpoint X X
‐ Bleed out X X
‐ Capillarity X
‐ Superficial tension X
‐ Contact angle X
‐ Vapour pressure X
Emulsification of penetrant X X
Cleaner X X
Developer X X
8.3 Test conditions X X X
Product knowledge
and related Viewing conditions X X X
capability of the
method and derived Technique selection X X
techniques
Technique application X X
8.4 Design and operation of Aerosol spray cans X X
Equipment penetrant installations and
units Dip tanks X
Electrostatic systems, fluidized
X X
bed
Semi‐automatic systems X
Automatic systems X
Application X X X
Light sources X X
Measuring units X X
Reference blocks X X
Viewing conditions X X
X X X
test ‐ Object to be tested X X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved lxxx

General Content
Infrastructure X
out
X X
object
performing test
instruction
Documents X
X
8.6 Preparation and According to written instruction X
Testing performance of the test
Preparation of written instructions X X
Preparation of written procedure X X
Supervision of personnel X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved lxxxi

General Content
Parameters Preparation of the parts and

X X X
influence of the surface quality
‐ Surface preparation X X
‐ Cleaning X X
Technique X X
‐ Selection X X
‐ Correct use of X X X
Planning of the test X
‐ Grids X
‐ Coverage X
Detecting medium X X X
‐ Correct use X X
‐ Correct selection X X
Viewing conditions X X X
Observation and indications X X
Recording of discontinuities X X
Reporting X X
Interpretation of indications X X
Labeling and disposition of tested
X X
product
Cleaning of components X X
8.7 Test report Viewing conditions X X X
Evaluation and
reporting Reference block No. 1 X X
Reference block No. 2
X X X
Verification of indication quality
X X X
Report of simple welding, forging
rolled products and casting X
imperfections
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved lxxxii

General Content
Other reference blocks used X X

Calibration of test units batch test
X X
report
Evaluation Report of discontinuities X
8.8 Assessment of Influence of manufacture and
X X
Assessment discontinuities material
Depth X
Width X
Shape X
Position X
Orientation X
Quality aspects
X
Documentation Format and scope of working
X
procedures
X
X
instruction
NDT application and
Relevant standards
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved lxxxiii

General Content
8.10 Chemicals Disposal (as per national

X X X
Environmental and standards)
safety conditions ‐ Penetrant X X X
‐ Developer X X X
‐ Emulsifier X X
‐ Soluble remover X
‐ Material of process
X X
excess removal
‐ Active carbon method X
‐ Ultrafiltration method X
Material Safety Data Sheet X
Review of applicable NDT
X
application and product standard
Accessories UV radiation X
Electrical hazards X
8.11 Special installations X
Developments
Automotive installations X
Creative and innovative special
X
installations
Tube installations X


Castings
nonferrous
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved lxxxiv

Working load X X
Extent of coverage X
Surface condition X X
X
standard
‐ Following instructions X
X X
‐ Selection X X
X X
results
‐ Interpretation of results X X
‐ Evaluation of results X X
Assessment Type X X
Size X X
Localization X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved lxxxv

Frequency X X
X X
material
8.12 Product knowledge Forging Processes
Forging (all
types of Types of discontinuities
forgings:
ferrous and Fracture mechanics
non‐ferrous
materials)
Working load
‐ Material properties

X
standard
X X
‐ Selection X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved lxxxvi


X X
results
Assessment Type X X
Size X X
Localization X X
Frequency X X
X X
material
Welds (all types
X
ferrous and
material)
Working load X
Evaluation of welds

X
standard
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved lxxxvii

Selection of technique Technique based on standard

X X
‐ Selection X X
X X
results
Assessment Type X X
Size X X
Localization X X
Frequency X X
X X
material
Tubes and pipes
welded, ferrous
materials,
Working load X X
inkling flat
manufacturing X X
pipes)
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved lxxxviii

X
standard
X X
‐ Selection X X
X X
results
Assessment Type X X
Size X X
Localization X X
Frequency X X
X X
material
8.15 Product knowledge Orientation of surface flaws in the
Wrought direction of rolling, drawing or X X
products except extrusion.
forgings (e.g. Rolling reduction ratio and length
X
plates, bar, extension
rods) Associated discontinuities X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved lxxxix

‐ Clinks X
‐ Cracks X
‐ Seams X
‐ Frills X
‐ Laps X
‐ Spills X
‐ Pits X
‐ Scratches X
X X
‐ Selection X X
X X
results
Assessment Type X X
Size X X
Localization X X
Frequency X X
X X
material
8.16 Product knowledge Composite materials
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xc

Composite Types of discontinuities

materials
Corrosion process X X
Working load X X
‐ Materials properties X X
X
standard
X X
‐ Selection X X
X X
results
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xci

Assessment Type X X
Size X X
Localization X X
Frequency X X
X X
material
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xcii

9 Magnetic Particle Testing (MT) – Levels 1, 2 and 3
General Content

(%) (%) (%)
9.1 Introduction to terminology and history of magnetic particle testing (MT) 3 4 3
9.6 Testing 12 12.5 19
9.9 Quality aspects 6 12 15
9.10 Environmental and safety conditions 3 8 3
Product Sector
industrial sector.
Industrial Sector
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xciii

Magnetic Particle Testing (MT) – Level 1, 2 and 3
General Content
9.1 History X X X
Introduction to
history of magnetic
particle testing (MT) What is the purpose of NDT? X X X
X X X
Purpose of magnetic Definition X X X
particle testing (MT)
Terminology X X X
9.2 Basic physical phenomena Electric circuits X X
Physical principles
and associated ‐ Typical values X X
knowledge ‐ Units X X
Magnetic circuits X X
‐ Typical values X X
‐ Units X X
Magnetic field X X X
‐ Characterization X
‐ Measurements X
‐ Magnetic field (H) X
‐ Magnetic induction (B) X
‐ Hysteresis cycle and
X
remarkable points
Magnetic field created by electric
X
circuits
‐ Indefinite rectilinear
X
conductor
‐ Long magnetic coil X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xciv

General Content
‐ Short or flat magnetizing

X
coil
‐ Influences of the flux of a
magnetic field in a non‐ X
magnetic media
‐ Continuity of HT X X
‐ Continuity of BN X X
‐ Passage of flux from a
magnetic medium to a X X
non magnetic media
Magnetic flux of a magnetic
X
discontinuity
‐ Influence of depth X
‐ Influence of orientation X
Properties of materials Non‐magnetic materials X
Magnetic Materials X
‐ Influence of temperature
on the magnetic X
properties
Curie point X
Diamagnetism X
Paramagnetism X
Ferromagnetism X
Ferrimagnetism X
Characteristics of magnetic Influence of the geometry in
X X
particle testing detecting a magnetic discontinuity
‐ Depth X X
‐ Thickness X X
‐ Orientation X X
Magnetic properties X
‐ Principle ferromagnetic
X
alloys
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xcv

General Content
Designation of alloys X
Non‐magnetic properties X
Magnetic materials X
‐ Field of application X
‐ Curie point X
‐ Curve of the first
X
magnetization
‐ Hysteresis cycle and
X
remarkable points
‐ Magnetic properties of
X
steel
Behaviour of a magnetic particle in
X
the vicinity of a magnetic flux
‐ Magnetic field (H) X
‐ Magnetic induction (B) X
‐ Relative magnetic
X
permeability µr
‐ Coercive force Hc X
‐ Electrical resistivity ρ X
Influence of composition X
Influence of work hardening X
Influence of heat treating X
Particular alloys X
‐ Permalloys X
‐ Invar X
‐ Inconel X
9.3 Processing Test conditions X X X
Product knowledge
and related Preparation of parts X X X
capability of the
method and derived Viewing conditions X X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xcvi

General Content
techniques Application of penetrant X X X

Removal of penetrant X X X
Developer application and drying X X X
Technique selection X X
Factors affecting indications X X
9.4 Magnetizing equipment Permanent magnets X

Equipment
Portable electromagnets X
Coils X
Threading bars X
Prods X
Magnetic benches X X X
‐ Fixed & portable X X
‐ Automatic X X
‐ Robotized X X
Clamps X
Cable wraps X
Swinging field X
Mobile X X
Measurement and Field indicators X X
calibration
Hall probe X
Demagnetization Accessories X
‐ Products indicators X
‐ Field strength measuring
X
devices
‐ Flux indicators X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xcvii

General Content
Detection media Contrast paint X

Particles X
Viewing conditions Light sources X
Conditions of illumination X
‐ Photometers and
X
radiometers

X X X
test ‐ Object to be tested X X X
Infrastructure X
out
X X
object
performing test
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xcviii

General Content
instruction
Documents X
X
9.6 Performing inspection to a written

X
Testing instruction
Preparing written instruction X
Preparing written procedure X
Supervision of testing personnel X X
Parameters Preparation of the parts and
X
influence of the surface quality
‐ Surface preparation X
Cleaning, machining X
Magnetization X X
‐ Equipment X
‐ Current type X
‐ Type X
‐ Time of application X
Control of magnetization
X X X
conditions
‐ Values of the magnetizing
X
parameters
‐ Continuous or
X X
simultaneous method
‐ Remanence method X
‐ Use of flux indicators and
X
magnetometers
Technique X X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xcix

General Content
‐ Correct use of X X
‐ Selection X X
‐ Magnetic field strength X X
‐ Orientation X X X
Planning of the test X X X
‐ Grids X X
‐ Coverage X X
Detecting medium X
‐ Correct use X X X
‐ Correct selection X X
‐ Wet medium X X
‐ Dry medium X X
‐ Contrast paint X X
Viewing conditions X X X
Observation and indications X X X
Recording of discontinuities X X
Reporting X X
Interpretation of indications X
Labeling and disposition of tested
X
product
Treatment of components Residual field X X
‐ Condition requiring
X
demagnetization
‐ Level of residual X
‐Influence on later use of
X
material
‐ Basic principles X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved c

General Content
‐ Industrial methods X X
‐ Influence of terrestrial
X X
magnetic field
‐ Minimal value of the
magnetic field of
X
demagnetization
principles
‐ Frequency X
‐ Effect of skin X
‐ Calculation of
X X
magnetizing coil
Cleaning of components X X X
9.7 Classification of indications Welding X X
Evaluation and
reporting Casting
X X
Forging
X X
Fe tubes
X X
Inspection conditions Viewing according to reference
X X X
block
Use of other reference blocks X X
Verification of the indication
X X X
quality (ISO 3059)
Calibration of test units X X
Batch test report X
Test report Basics of evaluation X
Test report
X X X
‐ Check test report X
‐ In accordance with
X
written procedure
Report of imperfections
X X
Evaluation of the indication quality X X
Preservation of indications X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved ci

General Content
9.8 Assessment of indications Relevant and non‐relevant X

Assessment
Assessment of Influence of manufacture X
discontinuities
Influence of material X
Depth X
Shape X
Position X
Orientation X
Quality aspects
X
X
procedures
X
X
instruction
NDT application and
‐ Medium concentration X
‐ Medium contamination X
‐ Ammeter calibration X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cii

General Content
‐ Lift test X
9.10 Chemicals Disposal of effluents (as per

X X
Environmental and national standards)
safety conditions Environmental conditions X X
Treatment and rejection of the
X
effluents
Toxicity of lead contact pads X
Toxicity of products X
Risks related to the products X X X
Material Safety Data Sheet X X
Review of applicable NDT
X
application and product standard
Fire hazards X
Accessories UV radiation hazards X X X
Electrical hazards X X X
UV filters X
Protective glasses X
9.11 Special installation and equipment X

Developments
New techniques X
Creative and innovative special
X
installations

© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved ciii

Castings Types of discontinuities X X X

(ferrous and
nonferrous Fracture mechanics X
materials)
Working load X X
X
standard
X X
‐ Selection X X
X X
results
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved civ

Assessment Type X X
Size X X
Localization X X
Frequency X X
X X
material
Forging (all
forgings:
non‐ferrous
materials)
Working load

X
standard
X X
‐ Selection X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cv

X X
results
Assessment Type X X
Size X X
Localization X X
Frequency X X
X X
material
Welds (all types
X
ferrous and
material)
Working load X
Evaluation of welds

X
standard
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cvi


X X
‐ Selection X X
X X
results
Assessment Type X X
Size X X
Localization X X
Frequency X X
X X
material
Tubes and pipes
welded, ferrous
materials,
Working load X X
inkling flat
manufacturing X X
pipes)
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cvii


X
standard
X X
‐ Selection X X
X X
results
Assessment Type X X
Size X X
Localization X X
Frequency X X
X X
material
X X
Wrought direction of rolling, drawing or
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cviii


forgings (e.g.
plates, bar, Rolling reduction ratio and length
X
rods) extension
Associated discontinuities X
‐ Clinks X
‐ Cracks X
‐ Seams X
‐ Frills X
‐ Laps X
‐ Spills X
‐ Pits X
‐ Scratches X
X X
‐ Selection X X
X X
results
Assessment Type X X
Size X X
Localization X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cix

Frequency X X
X X
material
Composite
materials Types of discontinuities
Working load X X
X
standard
X X
‐ Selection X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cx


X X
results
Assessment Type X X
Size X X
Localization X X
Frequency X X
X X
material
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxi

10 Leak testing (LT) – Levels 1, 2 and 3
General Content

(%) (%) (%)
10.1 Introduction to terminology and history of leak testing (LT) 5 2 2
10.4 Equipment 15 14 12
10.6 Testing 49 50 29
Product Sector
industrial sector.
10.14 Welds (all types of welds, including soldering, for ferrous and nonferrous
material)
Industrial Sector
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxii

Leak Testing (LT) – Level 1, 2 and 3
General Content
10.1 History X X X
Introduction to
history of leak
testing (LT) What is the purpose of NDT? X X X
X X X
Purpose of leak testing (LT) Definition X X X
10.2 Physical behavior of matter Structure of matter (fundamental): X
Physical principles
and associated ‐ Atomic theory X
knowledge
‐ Ionization X
‐ State of matter X
‐ Molecular structure X
‐ Diatomic and monatomic
X
molecules
‐ Molecular weight X
Solid‐liquid and liquid vapour X
‐ State changes X
Gas laws and fundamentals X X
‐ Brownian movements X
‐ P‐V and P‐T diagrams X
‐ Pascal’s law X
‐ Charles Laws X X
‐ Boyle laws X X
‐ Gay Lussac’s Law X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxiii

General Content
‐ Dalton’s law of partial

X
pressure
‐ Hagen Poiseuille’s law X
‐ Perfect gas equation and
its application for leakage X
calculation
‐ Mean free‐path definition
X
and meaning
‐ Gas properties X
Kinetic theory of gas
X
(fundamental)
‐ Avogadro’s law X
‐ Gas mixture and
X
concentration
‐ Gas velocity, density and
X
viscosity
Perfect and real gases X
Vapour pressure and its effects in
X
a vacuum
Pressure Pressure as force on unit area X
Main pressure units X
Vapour pressure X
Relationship between different
X
measurement units
Standard and normal conditions X
Definition of pressure from the
X
kinetic theory of gas
Relationship between mean free
X
path and pressure
Perfect gas law The equation and its use for
X
leakage calculation
Pressure range in a vacuum Different range X
Relationship between mean free
X
path and vacuum range
Flow in vacuum Definition X X
Leakage as a flow X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxiv

General Content
Flow parameters X
‐ Relationship between
X
mean free‐path and flow
‐ Viscous flow X
‐ Molecular flow X
‐ Intermediate flow X
‐ Flow and kinetic theory X
‐ Factors affecting gas flow X
‐ Leak rate versus viscosity X
‐ Reynolds number vs.
X
Knudsen number
‐ Geometry of a leak path
X
capillary
‐ Permeation X
‐ Capillary X
Leakage measurement Units X
‐ Relationships X
Conductance in vacuum Definition and meaning X
Conductance calculation X X
‐ Nomograph or simplified
X
formulas
Flow and conductance X
Degassing Practical implications X
Practical concept and
X
fundamentals
Different gas behaviors X
Material X
Pumping speed Definition and meaning X
Pumping speed calculations X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxv

General Content
Virtual and real leak Concept X

Difference X
Source of real and virtual leaks
X
pressure vs. time
Calculation on virtual leak
X
influence in a pressure change test
10.3 Type of leak testing Leak location X

Product knowledge
and related Leak measurement X
capability of the
method and derived Pass/fail test X
techniques
Leakage monitoring X
Specification X
Sensitivity X
Object preparation Cleanliness X
‐ Cleaning procedures and
effects on leak detection X
measurements
Sealed object with or without
X
tracer gas
Object inaccessible from one or
X
both sides
Object working above or below
X
the atmospheric pressure
Specifications and method Bubble emission method X
capabilities
‐ Principles of bubble
X
emission methods
‐ Immersion technique X
‐ Liquid application
X
technique
‐ Physical principles
X
involved
Pressure change methods Fundamentals of working
X
principles
‐ Pressure testing X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxvi

General Content
‐ Vacuum testing X
Principles of detection for the
X
pressure change methods
‐ Pressure decay technique X
‐ Pressure rise technique X
‐ Bell pressure change
X
technique
‐ Flow measurement
X
technique
Difference between the pressure
testing and the vacuum testing X
considering the perfect gas law
Terminology related to pressure
X
testing
Tracer gas method Principles of detection X
Helium as tracer gas X
Tracer gas detectors X
Tracer gas flow into the object
X
(group A techniques)
Tracer gas flow out of the object
X
(group B techniques)
Chemical or physical Principles of detection for the
properties of detectors tracer gas flow into the object – X
Group A techniques
Local leak X
‐ Spraying X
‐ Vacuum technique (local) X
‐ Vacuum technique
X
(partial)
‐ Bell pressure test X
Global leak X
‐ Vacuum technique (total) X
‐ Pressure rise X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxvii

General Content
‐ Flow measurements X
Principles of detection for tracer
gas flow out of the object – Group X
B techniques
Local leak X
‐ Chemical detection with
X
ammonia
‐ Vacuum box using
X
internal tracer gas
‐ Sniffing test X
‐ Bubble and vacuum box X
‐ Pressure technique by
X
accumulation
Global leak X
‐ Bubble test – immersion X
‐ Bubble test foaming X
‐ Pressure technique by
X
accumulation – global
‐ Pressurization‐evacuation
X
test (bombing)
‐ Vacuum chamber
X
technique
‐ Pressure change X
‐ Flow measurements X
Test method Fundamentals X
Choice of criteria X X
10.4 Vacuum gauges Choice of gauges for different

X
Equipment pressures
Total pressure and partial pressure
X
gauges
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxviii

General Content
Absolute and differential gauges X

Primary and secondary gauges X
Physical properties involved for
X
the different sensor type
Mechanical gauges Pressure reading techniques for
X
diaphragm gauge
Bourdon gauge X
‐ Principles and behavior X
‐ Influence of atmosphere X
Diaphragm gauge X
‐ Influence of atmosphere X
Capacitance manometer gauge X
‐ Influence of temperature X
Accuracy for the different sensors X
U‐tube manometers and Principles and behavior
X
McLeod
Pirani and thermocouple Pressure reading techniques X
gauges
Assembly criteria X
Principles and behavior of
X
different gases
Accuracy and calibration for
X
different gases
Cold and hot ion gauges Pressure reading techniques X
Assembly criteria X
Principles and behavior of
X
different gases
Accuracy and calibration for
X
different gases
Vacuum pumps Physical principle involved X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxix

General Content
Types of pump for different

X
vacuum ranges
Classification and selection of
X
vacuum pumps
‐ Pump performance X
‐ Ultimate pressures X
‐ Pressure ranges X
‐ Pumping speed X
‐ Discharge pressures X
Rotary and piston pumps Physical principle involved X
Performance X
Maintenance X
Gas ballast X
Pump‐down times calculation for
X X
different volumes
‐ Conductance influence X
Roots pump Physical principle involved X
Size evaluation X
Mounting X
Performance maintenance X
Pump‐down times calculation for
X
different volumes
‐ Conductance influence X
Diffusion pump Physical principle involved X
Size evaluation for different
X
application
Size evaluation for the backing
X
pump
Mounting X
Performance maintenance X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxx

General Content
Turbomolecular pump Physical principle involved X

Performance X
Maintenance X
Size evaluation for different
X
application
Size evaluation for the backing
X
pump
Mounting X
Valve Type of valves used for leak
X
detection application
Maintenance X
Mounting X
Choice of valve for leak testing X
Performance X
Fittings Assembly criteria X
Maintenance X
Choice of right fittings for leak
X
detection
Diameter and length calculation
X
and influence
Project criteria X
Material Choice for different vacuum
X
ranges
‐ Metallic X
‐ Plastic X
‐ Glass X
‐ Oil X
‐ Grease X

? X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxxi

General Content
test ‐ Object to be tested ? X X

‐ Kind of manufacture ? X X
‐ Extent of test coverage ? X X
Infrastructure X
out
X X
object
performing test
instruction
Documents X
X
10.6 Bubble testing practice and General requirements X

Testing techniques
‐ Gas X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxxii

General Content
‐ Pressure limits X
‐ Cleaning X
Test fluid X
‐ Test fluids for liquid
immersion techniques X
(preparation and use)
‐ Test fluids for liquid
application techniques X
(preparation and use)
‐ Selection of test fluids
from the point of view of X
physical properties
Selection of techniques for
X
different applications
‐ Pipe, nozzle, pad plate,
X
compressor testing
‐ Vessel testing X
‐ Leakage quantitative
X
evaluation
Weather effects X
Lighting X
Immersion technique Physical principles involved X
Pressurization of test specimen X
Knowledge for creating pressure
X
differential
Elevated temperature test fluid X
Vacuum box technique X
Liquid application Physical principles involved X
technique
Pressurization of test specimen X
Vacuum technique for non‐
X
pressurized objects
Pressure change General requirements X
techniques
Pressure change method X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxxiii

General Content
‐ Physical principles
X
involved
‐ Perfect gas law X
Pressure decay technique Temperature and pressure gauges X
System setup X
Apparatus and test set‐up X
Accuracy of equipment X X
‐ Gauge calibration
X
accuracy
‐ Accuracy of test
X
calculations
Choice of pressure and
X
temperature
Effect of temperature change X
Effect of water vapour pressure X
Effect of barometric pressure
X
change
Calculation of leakage rate X
Reference vessel technique X
Leakage rate calculation from the
X
perfect gas law
Differential pressure transducer X
Reference vessel technique
X
(fundamental)
Pressure rise technique Virtual leak X
‐ Effect of
‐ Pressure time
X
relationship
‐ Evaluation X
System setup X
Calibration X
Leakage rate calculation from the
X
perfect gas law
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxxiv

General Content
Choice of vacuum gauges
Choice of system X
Accuracy test calculation X
Bell pressure change General requirements X
technique
Calibration X
Air flow into the object X
Air flow out of the object X
Choice of gauge X
Calculation of leakage rate X X
Accuracy of test calculation X
Flow measurements General requirements X
technique
Calibration X
Air flow into the object X
Air flow out of the object X
Choice of gauge X
Calculation of leakage rate X X
Accuracy of test calculation X
Tracer gas practice and Tracer gas method X X
techniques
Choice of tracer gas and suitable
X
detector
Selection criteria of the technique
X
for different applications
Mass spectrometers Fundamental principles, MSLD
X
manufacturing aspect
‐ Magnetic or quadrupole X X
‐ Direct flow and
X
contraflow
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxxv

General Content
‐ Pumping systems,
electronic, heads, gauges X
etc.
‐ Service X
‐ Calibration leaks X
‐ Helium mixture X
Physical principles involved X
‐ e/m equation of mass X
‐ Mass spectra X
‐ Magnetic X
‐ Quadrupole X
‐ General and leak testing
X
application
MSLD manufacturing aspect
X
involved and working principles
Sensitivity capabilities for the
X
different techniques
Calibrations X
Helium mixture and leak rate
X
calculation
Maintenance issues X
Mass spectrometry X
‐ Qualitative X
‐ Quantitative X
Halogen ion diode Fundamental principles involved X
Halogen detector leak testing
X
equipment
Halogen detector X
Sensitivity capabilities of the
X
technique
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxxvi

General Content
Selection criteria of the techniques

X
for different applications
Detector probe “sniffer” speed X
Halogen background X
Properties of refrigerant tracer gas X
‐ Chemical composition X
‐ Molecular weight X
‐ Liquid‐gas behavior X
Calibration of halogen leak
X
detectors
Halogen mixtures percentage X
Evaluation of test sensitivity X
Thermal conductivity Fundamental principles X
gauges
X
techniques with this detector
Pirani and thermocouple working
X
principles
Reactive tracers Physical principles involved X
X
technique
Radioactive gases X
Gas analysis apparatus Physical principles involved X
X
technique
Chromatography etc. X
Tracer gas flows into the All techniques X
object – group A
techniques ‐ General requirements X
‐ Initial set‐up and
X
procedure
‐ Object preparation X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxxvii

General Content
‐ Test sensitivity for

X
‐ Calibration X
‐ Calculation of leakage
X
rate
Vacuum technique Total and partial X
Local (spraying) X
‐ Object surface
X
preparation
Tracer gas flows out of the For all techniques X
objects – group B
techniques ‐ General requirements X
‐ Initial setup and
X
procedure
‐ Object preparation X
‐ Test sensitivity for
X
‐ Calibration X
‐ Calculation of leakage
X
rate
Chemical detection with ‐ Physical principles
X
ammonia involved
‐ Type of reagent X
‐ Reagent application X
‐ Post test cleaning X
Vacuum box using internal
tracer gas
Vacuum box applying the
tracer gas in the opposite
side
Pressure technique by Object surface scanning
accumulation by sniffing X
test
Calibration (when applicable) X
Fundamental on Object preparation X
pressurization‐evacuation
test (bombing) Initial setup and procedure X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxxviii

General Content

Vacuum chamber
technique
10.7 Test data report filing X

Evaluation and
reporting Results analysis and
evaluation on the base of
X X
acceptability criteria and
applicable proceeding
Leak test procedures Reference standards and other
X X
compilation documents
Technique proceeding and module
X
related to drafting
10.8 Analysis through

Assessment alternative techniques or X
methods
Acceptability criteria
assessment in
collaboration with project X
engineer specialist and
manufacturing managers
Ergonomic analysis through
alternative techniques or X
methods

Quality aspects
X
X
procedures
X
X
instruction
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxxix

General Content
NDT application and
‐ Lift test X
10.10 Special industrial

X
Developments installation
New development for
X
industrial and R&D
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxxx


Castings
nonferrous
Working load X X
X
standard
X X
‐ Selection X X
X X
results
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxxxi

Assessment Type X X
Size X X
Localization X X
Frequency X X
X X
material
Forging (all
forgings:
non‐ferrous
materials)
Working load

X
standard
X X
‐ Selection X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxxxii

X X
results
Assessment Type X X
Size X X
Localization X X
Frequency X X
X X
material
Welds (all types
X
ferrous and
material)
Working load X
Evaluation of welds

© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxxxiii


X
standard
X X
‐ Selection X X
X X
results
Assessment Type X X
Size X X
Localization X X
Frequency X X
X X
material
Tubes and pipes
welded, ferrous
materials,
Working load X X
inkling flat
manufacturing X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxxxiv

pipes) Evaluation of corrosion X X

X
standard
X X
‐ Selection X X
X X
results
Assessment Type X X
Size X X
Localization X X
Frequency X X
X X
material
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxxxv


X
‐ Clinks X
‐ Cracks X
‐ Seams X
‐ Frills X
‐ Laps X
‐ Spills X
‐ Pits X
‐ Scratches X
X X
‐ Selection X X
X X
results
Assessment Type X X
Size X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxxxvi

Localization X X
Frequency X X
X X
material
Composite
Working load X X
X
standard
X X
‐ Selection X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxxxvii


X X
results
Assessment Type X X
Size X X
Localization X X
Frequency X X
X X
material
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxxxviii

11 Acoustic emission testing (AT) — Levels 1, 2 and 3
NOTE For acoustic emission testing, training hours do not include Pressure Test Safety Training.
a) As specified in ISO 9712, direct access to the level 2 examination requires the total hours for level 1, level 2 and direct access to level 3
General Level 1 Level 2 Level 3

(%) (%) (%)
11.1 Introduction to, terminology and history of acoustic emission testing (AT) 1 1 2
11.4 Equipment 14 16 13
11.6 Testing 42 18 4
Specific ‐ Product Sectors

Training hours are recommended per product sector. General training listed above plus one product sector is the equivalent of the
minimum training requirement per ISO 9712:2012. When combining product sectors refer to specific industrial sector.
11.12 Forgings (all types of forgings: ferrous and nonferrous materials)
11.13 Welds (all types of welds, including soldering, for ferrous and non‐ferrous
material) Not applicable at this time
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxxxix

Acoustic Emissions Testing (AT) – Level 1, 2 and 3
General Content
11.1 History X X X
Introduction to
history of acoustic
emission testing What is the purpose of NDT? X X X
(AT)
X X X
Purpose of acoustic Definition X X X
emission testing (AT)
Relevant Standards ISO 12716 X X X
11.2 Physical principles of Relevant standards X

Physical principles acoustic emission testing
and associated sources (mechanism in General principles X
knowledge analogy to earthquakes)
Overview X
Visual demonstration X
Frequency range X
Source characteristics X
Effect of dislocation X
Effect of stress on the waves X
Modes of fracture X
Characteristics of Acoustic Transient emission X
Emission testing
Continuous emission X
Amplitude X
Frequency range X
Effect of source dimension X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxl

General Content
Effect of source velocity X

Source propagation X
Loading X
‐ Type of loading X
‐ Effect of repeated loading X
Kaiser effect X X
‐ Overview X
‐ In different materials X
Acoustic emission testing during
X
hold periods
Felicity effect X
Felicity ratio X
Sources of acoustic Metals
emission testing
Composites X
Other materials X
Dislocation X
Plastic deformation X
Inclusions X
Crack growth X
‐ Critical and sub‐critical
X
crack growth
‐ Fatigue crack X
‐ Ductile crack growth X
Corrosion X
‐ Stress crack corrosion X
Crack surface friction X
Leak X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxli

General Content
Mechanical friction X
Loose parts X
Non detectable sources X
Others X
Wave propagation Types of elastic waves X
Longitudinal waves X
Transverse waves X
Rayleigh waves X
Lamb waves X
Wave parameters X
Wave motion and velocity X
Mode conversion X
Reflection and refraction X
Wave attenuation X
‐ Attenuation vs. frequency X
Wave dispersion X
Diffraction X
Geometric effects X
Shadowing effects X
Anisotropic propagation X
Wave propagation in fluids X
Influence of fluids X
Source location One sensor location X
Linear location with delta‐t X
Planar location with delta‐t X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxlii

General Content
Continuous emission X
Algorithm details X
‐ Zone location (algorithm
X
knowledge)
Thin‐walled and thick‐walled
X
structures
Location uncertainty X
Three‐dimensional location X
Guard sensors X
Cross‐correlation X
Neighborhood relations X
Accurate locations using analysis X
11.3 Fields of application of Outline of different structures X

Product knowledge acoustic emission testing
and related ‐ Pressure equipment X
capability of the
method and derived ‐ Storage tanks X
techniques
‐ Pipelines and piping
X
systems
‐ Machines X
‐ Other components X
Outline of different materials X
Leak detection X
Loading possibilities X
‐ Influences of loading X
Fundamentals of material Creep X
sciences and basic
knowledge of mechanical Welding X
properties
Fracture mechanics X
Significant test for materials
X
properties verification
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxliii

General Content
Pressure equipment Normal test performance of

X
pressure equipment
Advantages and disadvantages of
Acoustic emission testing on X
pressure equipment
Differences between Acoustic
emission testing and other X
techniques
Product standards and Outline of relevant standards
codes associated with Acoustic emission X
testing
Product standards, their influence
X
on Acoustic emission testing
Directives for non‐pressurized
X
equipment
Relevant standards associated
X
with Acoustic emission testing
11.4 Sensors Piezoelectricity X
Equipment
Construction X
Frequency response X
Wide‐band and resonant sensors X
Coupling and sensitivity X
Integral electronics X
Single ended/differential X
Connectors X
Cables X
Calibration methods X
Sensor selection X
Ground‐loop X
Temperature effects X
Acoustic impedance X
Wave guide X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxliv

General Content
Wave mode response aperture

X
effect
Reciprocity calibration (ISO/TR
X
13115)
Special sensors X
Shielding X
Impedance matching X
Noise susceptibility X
Simulated AT sources X
Preamplifiers Single ended/differential X
Unit of gain (dB scale) X
Electronic noise X X
Filters X
‐ Filter types X
‐ Frequency filter selection X
Cable length effects X
Common mode rejection X
Signal saturation X
Input capacity X
Signal processing Acoustic emission testing
X
parameters (ISO 12716)
Energy (true, MARSE, alternative) X
Continuous signal X
Transient signal X
Background noise X
ASL X
RMS X
Amplitude X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxlv

General Content
Threshold X
Single‐ vs. multi‐channel system X
Acquisition rate X
Waveform digitization X
Waveform recording X
Digital vs. analogous signal X
System parameter definition and
X
selection
Distribution techniques X
Spectral analysis X
Cascaded hits X
Continuous mode measurement X
Industrial dedicated systems X
Source location processing Algorithm X X X
‐ Overview X
‐ Knowledge X
‐ Details X
‐ Selection X
Linear location X
Zone location X
Hit‐sequence location X
Planar location X
Three‐dimensional location X
Location uncertainty X
Guard channels X
Wave mode influence X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxlvi

General Content
Neighborhood relations X
Cross‐correlation technique X
Factors affecting errors on
X
location
Advanced signal processing External parameters X
Distribution plots X
Correlation plots X
FFT X
Waveform feature extraction X
Timing considerations X
Pattern recognition X
Signal averaging X
Waveform recording for cross‐
X
correlation
Equipment calibrations Sensor verification in lab X
Sensor calibration in lab X
Acoustic emission testing system
X
verification in lab
Acoustic emission testing system
X
calibration in lab
Applicable standards X
Different calibration procedures X
Fundamental of informatics Knowledge and use of computers X
Knowledge of software X
? X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxlvii

General Content

Infrastructure X
out
X X
object
performing test
instruction
Documents X
X
11.6 Equipment set‐up Sensor placement X
Testing
Equipment verification X
Noise identification X
‐ Noise elimination X
Velocity and attenuation
X
measurement
Location and simulated sources X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxlviii

General Content
Noise elimination X
Factors affecting the selection of
X
the test equipment
Loading procedure and actions
X
during the tests
Test performance Loading procedure X X
Actions during the tests X X
Data acquisition and data Data acquisition X
display during test
Significance of the plots for data
display (time‐based, load‐based, X
location, correlation)
Comparison with the verification X
Comparison with location of
X
simulated source
Establishment of the acceptance
X
criteria
Selection of plots, correlation and
X
distributions
On‐line evaluation X
Necessary actions during Stop criteria X
the test
Verification of on‐line detected
Acoustic emission testing sources X
by other NDT methods
Interpretation of the relation
between the acoustic emission
X
testing source and the result of
the adjoining NDT method
11.7 Data display Time‐based plots X
Evaluation and
reporting Load‐based plots
X
Parameter‐based plots X
Location plots X
Distribution plots X
Correlation plots
X
Acoustic emission testing source
X
correlation
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxlix

General Content
Advanced data display (pattern

X
recognition)
Data interpretation Noise and other non‐relevant
X
identification
Acoustic emission testing behavior
X
vs. applied load
Post processing noise
X
identification and filtering
Source activity X
Advanced filtering processes X
Data evaluation Source severity X
Source criticality X
Advanced evaluation processes X
Documentation and Documentation of the results X
reporting
Report according to relevant
X
standards
Report according to 17025???? X
11.8 Product standards and Implementation of the acceptance
X
Assessment acceptance criteria criteria into the testing instruction
Implementation of the acceptance
X
criteria into the testing procedure
Interpretation of the acceptance
X
criteria in product standards
Acoustic emission testing Outline for the source validation X
source evaluation and test
results Relations between acoustic
emission testing and physical X
sources
Interpretation of connection
between acoustic emission testing X
and physical sources
Sophisticated data treatment
X
techniques
Quality aspects
X
X
procedures
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cl

General Content

X
X
instruction
NDT application and
11.10 New developments in New developments in the field of
X
Developments acoustic emission testing NDT (differences)
and associated NDT
techniques
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cli

12 Visual Testing (VT) – Levels 1, 2 and 3
General Content

(%) (%) (%)
12.1 Introduction to terminology and history of Visual testing (VT) 3 4 8
12.2 Physical principles of the method and associated knowledge 3 8 8.5
12.6 Testing 12 12.5 4
Product Sector
industrial sector.
material)
Industrial Sector
12.17 Manufacturing
12.18 Inservice testing
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved clii

12.19 Railway maintenance
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cliii

Visual Testing (VT) – Level 1, 2 and 3
General Content
12.1 History X X X
Introduction to
history of visual
testing (VT) What is the purpose of NDT? X X X
X X X
Purpose of visual testing Definition X X X
(VT)
Extended overview of Visual
X X
Testing applications
Use of visual testing as a
complement to other NDT X
methods
Terminology X X X
12.2 Fundamentals Goals and principles of visual

X
Physical principles testing
and associated Comprehensive knowledge and
knowledge understanding of the physical X
principles and physics of light
Optical performance
‐ Polarization of light X
‐ Stroboscopic principles X
‐ Dispersion X
‐ Refraction and refractive
X
index
‐ Reflection X
‐ Fluorescence X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cliv

General Content
‐ Advantages and
disadvantages of
different wavelengths of
X
optical radiation (UV, IR),
including colour
temperature
Vision The eye X
‐ Operation
X
‐ Construction X
‐ Vision limitations X
‐ Adaption and
X
accommodation
‐ Disorders X
‐ Vision ranges X
‐ Effects of disorders X
Lighting
X X
Transmission
Reflection X X
Absorption X X
Physics of Light X
Electromagnetic radiation X
Visible wavelengths X
Types of light sources X
‐ Natural X
‐ Artificial – including laser X
Photometry X
Light levels X
Light measurement X X
Luminance X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved clv

General Content
‐ Lighting levels X
‐ Lighting techniques X
‐ Contrast X
Optical principles Operation of lenses X
Operation of magnifiers X
Image construction X
Virtual images X
Chromatic aberration X
Geometric distortion X
Magnification principles X
Camera and photo sensor Optical filters X
operation and principles
Construction of digital images and
X
problems
Image processing X
Image analysis X
Image compression and
X
transmission
Image storage X
Resolution X
Video monitors X
Other monitors X
Light meters and photometers X
Principles of operation of Coherent X
fiber bundles and lenses
Incoherent X
Photogrammetry X
Visual perception What the eye sees X
What the mind sees X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved clvi

General Content
What others perceive X

What the designer, engineer etc.
X
see
Material attributes Colour X X
affecting the test
Surface preparation X X
Cleanliness X
Shape X
Size X
Temperature X
Texture X
Type X
Surface finish X
Environmental and Atmosphere X
physiological factors
Comfort X
Perspective X
Distance X
Accessing X
Fatigue X
Health X
Humidity X
Mental attitude X
Position X
Safety X
Temperature X
Cleanliness X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved clvii

General Content
Direct and remote methods X X

Vision Requirements X X
Employers responsibility X
12.3 Outline of basic flaws detected
Product knowledge with Visual Testing as necessary to X
and related work in a specific sector
capability of the Evaluation of surfaces X
method and derived
techniques Test objects and flaws X X
Basic production and degradation
X X
process
Terms, origin and nature and
X X
appearance of flaws
Product technology sectors X X
Basic metallurgy of the
X X
process/component
Welding/joining methods X X
Cladding and buffering X X
‐ Wrought product
X X
production methods
‐ Cold working processes X X
‐ Heat treatment processes X X
Roughness and waviness X
Definition of shape & geometry of
X
flaws
Material composition X X
‐ Surface finishing methods X X
‐ Basic foundry technology X X
‐ Machining and material
X X
removal processes
‐ Polymers/composites X X
In‐service aspects X X
‐ Service induced flaws X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved clviii

General Content
‐ Mechanically X X
‐ Thermally X X
‐ Tribology X X
‐ Wear X X
‐ Chemical X X
‐ Electrochemical X X
Capability and limitations Overview/awareness X
of visual testing
Detect ability X
‐ Flaw size X
‐ Shape X
‐ Orientation/position X
‐ Flaw types X
‐ Surface condition effects X
‐ Equipment limitations X
‐ Lighting effects X
Associated techniques Gauging X
Comparators X
Measurement X
Thermographic imaging X
Replication X
12.4 Introduction and Mirrors X X X

Equipment applications
Magnifiers X X X
Borescopes X X X
Fibrescopes X X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved clix

General Content
Photographic and video Imaging cameras X

Video monitors
Light sources and special lighting X X

Gauges X X
Templates X X
Scales X X
Special tools X X
Automated systems X
Computer‐enhanced systems X
Demonstration test piece X X
Resolution targets X X
Graticules X
Effect on test arrangement X
Evaluation of equipment to fulfil a
X
particular task
Development of verification for
X
equipment performance
‐ Choice/design X
‐ Application of
demonstration test X
pieces
Image recording, transfer Equipment selection
X
and storage equipment
Equipment limitations X
Verification of equipment X X
Procedure for control,
maintenance and calibration of X
equipment
Sizing of indications Imaging systems X
Special optical systems X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved clx

General Content
Special equipment requirements

(i.e.underwater, radiation X X
resistant)
12.5 Information about the test Identification or designation of

X X
test ‐ Object to be tested X X
‐ Kind of manufacture X X
Infrastructure X X
life when testing is to be carried X X
out
Standard and codes assigned to
X X
the test object
Acceptance criteria X X
performing test
The illumination (type, level and
X
direction)
Visual testing equipment to be
X
used
Demonstration test piece and
X
inspection checkpoints
Requirement for recorded images X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved clxi

General Content

instruction
Documents X X
X
12.6 Test set‐up Demonstration test pieces X X

Testing
Resolution targets X X
Calibration X
Written procedure X X
12.7 Reporting results Reference to test standards X X
Evaluation and
reporting Calibration status X X
Reference points for location of
X X
indications
Classification of indications X X
‐ Instructed acceptance
X X
criteria
‐ Reports and
X X
documentation
‐ Reporting verification
X X
results
Control and monitoring of Interpretation X X
test results
Evaluation X X
‐ Objective X X
‐ Subjective X X
Reporting of results to
X X
specifications and standards
Completion of calibration forms X X
Developing report forms Organization of final forms X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved clxii

General Content
Storage of final forms X

Distribution of final forms X
Investigation of suitable codes &
product standards for each X
application
Acting as a reference point for
level 2 advice for interpretation X
and evaluation
12.8 Classification and Acceptance criteria X X
Assessment assessment of observations
‐ Codes X X
‐ Standards X X
‐ Written instructions X X
‐ Level 3 reference where
no codes or standards X X
exist
‐ Design specifications X
By comparison X X
By measurement X
Automated evaluation (e.g.
X
pattern recognition)
Recording X
Reporting X
Analyze results X
Translation of codes , standards
and design specifications etc. into
clear acceptance criteria to be X
written into procedures and
instructions
Finding information or assistance
to investigate observations not
X
covered by codes, standards and
develop acceptance criteria
Training of Level 1 and 2 for
X
acceptance criteria
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved clxiii

General Content
Quality aspects Other NDT qualification and

X
X
procedures
X
X
instruction
Knowledge of applicable Correct technique selection X X
NDT application and
product standards Use of correct test parameters X X
NDT method selection X
Job specific training X
12.10
Developments Importance of investigating
current and developing X
technology and method of
application
Summary of latest
X
developments
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved clxiv

12.11 Product knowledge Written instructions X

Castings EN 1559
(ferrous and EN 1370 Development and writing of
X
nonferrous instructions (
materials) Development and writing of
X
procedures
Forging (all EN 13018
types of ISO 8785 Development and writing of
X
forgings: instructions (
ferrous and Development and writing of
non‐ferrous procedures X
materials)
Welds (all types ISO 17635
of welds ISO 17637 Development and writing of
X
including, ISO 5817 instructions (
soldering, ISO 6520‐1 Development and writing of
ferrous and ISO 10042 procedures
X
non‐ferrous
material)
12.14 Product knowledge
Tubes and pipes EN 13445‐5 Development and writing of
(seamless, EN 13480‐5 instructions for welded tubes (see X
welded, ferrous ASME‐ and KTA‐Code 12.13)(
and non‐ferrous Development and writing of
materials, procedures based on power plant
inkling flat applications
products for the X
manufacturing
of welded
pipes)
Wrought EN 10163‐1
products except EN 10163‐2 Development and writing of
X
forgings (e.g. EN 10163‐3 instructions (
plates, bar, Development and writing of
X
rods) procedures
12.16 Product knowledge Development and writing of NDT
Composite procedures based on aerospace
materials applications
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved clxv

13 Infrared thermographic (TT) – Levels 1, 2 and 3
General Content

(hours) (hours) (hours)
13.1 Introduction to terminology and history of infrared thermographic (TT) 1 1 1
13.2 Physical principles of the method and associated knowledge 12.5 12 23
13.4 Equipment 15 8.75 14
13.6 Testing 30 27.5 19
13.7 Evaluation and reporting 10 7.5 11
13.9 Quality aspects .5 3.5 7
Product Sector
industrial sector.
material)
Industrial Sector
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved clxvi

Infrared thermographic Testing (TT) – Level 1, 2 and 3
General Content
13.1 History X X X
Introduction to
history of infrared
thermographic (TT) What is the purpose of NDT? X X X
X X X
Purpose of infrared Definition X X X
thermographic testing (TT)
Terminology X X X
13.2 Heat transfer Heat/temperature/energy X X

Physical principles
and associated Thermodynamic law X X
knowledge
Phase X X
‐ Solid X X
‐ Liquid X X
‐ Gas X X
Variations of temperature scale X X
Heat conduction fundamentals X X
‐ Fourier’s law X X
Heat convection fundamentals X X
‐ Newton’s law of cooling X X
Heat radiation fundamentals X X
‐ Plank’s law X X
‐ Wien’s law X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved clxvii

General Content
‐ Stefan‐Boltzmann law X X
Evaporation X X
‐ Introduction X
‐ Fundamentals X
Infrared engineering Electromagnetic spectrum X
‐ Definition of infrared lay X
Terminology X
Emissivity X
Reflectivity X
Transmissivity X
Absorptivity X
Black body/gray body X
‐ Selective radiator X
Kirchhoff’s law X
Cavity radiation effect X
Atmospheric window X
Thermal property of materials X
Emissivity of materials X
Steady state/transient condition X X
Thermal diffusivity X X
Thermal contact resistance X X
Theoretical temperature
X X
estimation/calculation
Absorption X X
‐ Atmospheric X X
‐ Various gas X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved clxviii

General Content
Lambert‐Beer law X X
Methods for temperature
X X
measurement
‐ With or without contact
description of principle of X X
different sensors
Special emissivity of materials X
Photometry X
Geometrical optics X
13.3 Principles of Infrared Characteristic of Infrared

X X
Product knowledge Thermography Thermography
and related Technique based on detection X X
capability of the
method and derived ‐ Adiabatic temperature
X X
techniques field
‐ Delamination/crack X X
Technique regarding self‐heating X X
Technique based on cavity
X X
radiation effect
‐ Active method X X
‐ Passive method X X
‐ Qualitative thermography X X
‐ Quantitative
X X
thermography
Selection criteria of technique X X
Other temperature measurement
equipment and their X
measurement principles
Calibration X
Thermoelastic stress Thermoelastic effect X X
measuring method
Principle of the method X X
Lock‐in technique X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved clxix

General Content
Temperature difference imaging

X
technique
Thermoelastic property of
X
materials
Stress resolution X
Load frequency range X
Various flaws and their Electricity facilities/electronic
X X
cause device
Machinery X X
Plant facility X X
Buildings and structures X X
Materials X X
Design and construction of new
materials (CFRP, GFRP, sandwich X
structures, etc.)
Capability of method, POD X
Combination of methods (different
thermal loading devices, different X
NDT methods)
13.4 Infrared thermographic Basic components and functions X

Equipment instrument
Characteristic of sensors X
‐ Quantum type X
‐ Thermal type X
Factors affecting emissivity X
Minimum detectable dimension
X X
(MDD)
‐ Spatial resolution X
‐ Distance X
Minimum detectable temperature
X
difference (MDTD)
Minimum resolvable temperature
X
difference (MRTD)
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved clxx

General Content
Field of view (FOV) X

Knowledge of Image processing X
‐ Colour pale infrared
X
thermographyes
‐ Frame averaging X
‐ Pixel correction X
Signal process flow in instruments X
Mechanism and principle of
X
sensors
Selection criteria of sensors X
‐ Bolometer X
‐ Thermocouple X
‐ Thermopile X
‐ Pyroelectric sensor X
Scanning method of sensors X
Measurement wavelength band X
‐ Short wavelength type X
‐ Long wavelength type X
Selection criteria of measurement
X
wavelength band
Noise equivalent temperature
X
difference (NETD)
Number of pixels X
Exposure time X
Dynamic range X
Standard specimen X
Accessories Filters X
‐ Varieties and roles of
X
filters
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved clxxi

General Content
‐ Selection criteria of filters X

Varieties and roles of optical lens X
‐ Selection criteria of
X
optical lens
‐ Optics X
‐ Close‐up lenses X
‐ Immersion lenses X
Varieties and roles of other
X
accessories
‐ Emissivity of black paint
X
and tape
X
infrared mirror
‐ Sensor window materials X
sensor window including X
anti‐reflection coat
Dual band and dual colour IR‐
X
cameras
Thermal loading device Varieties X
‐ Contact thermal loading X
‐ Radiation heating X
‐ Flash lamp heating/step
X
heating
‐ Electricity heating X
‐ Other thermal loading
X
devices
Selection criteria of thermal
X
loading device
Thermoelastic stress measuring
X
method
Efficiency X
Uniformity X
Reproducibility X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved clxxii

General Content
Safety X
? X X
Infrastructure X
out
X X
object
performing test
instruction
Documents X
X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved clxxiii

General Content
13.6 Test condition Environmental condition X

Testing
Recognition of error factor X
Recognition and correction of X
‐ Atmospheric absorption X
‐ Background radiation X
Instructions for transparent
X
objects
Automated testing in production
X
line scanner
Control and adjustment of
X
production process
FEM simulation for parameter
expansion, prediction of results X
and reconstruction
Operation of infrared Setting of emissivity X
instruments
Knowledge of sensor correction X
Understanding of spatial
X
resolution
Face angle dependence of
X
emissivity
‐ Setting of face angle X
Temperature dependence of
X
emissivity
‐ Selection of temperature
X
range
‐ Setting of temperature
X
span and level
Setting of frame time X
Instructions for infrared mirror X
Adjustment of focus X
Reference object X
Measurement of emissivity X
Wavelength dependence of
X
emissivity
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved clxxiv

General Content
Surface roughness dependence of

X
emissivity
Oxide film thickness dependence
X
of emissivity
Emissivity of quasi‐blackbody X
Special cases Thermoelastic stress analysis (TSA) X
Testing of semitransparent
X
materials
High temperature applications X
Measurements at high speed X
Gas detections X
Various flaws and their Electricity facilities X X
cause
Electronic device X X
Machinery X X
Plant facility X X
Buildings and structures X X
Materials X X
13.7 Data processing Varieties and roles X
Evaluation and
reporting Thresholding X
Averaging X
Background subtraction X
Subtraction X
Lock‐in X
Motion compensation X
Trend processing X
Selection criteria of data
X
processing flow
Recording Contents
X X
Reporting Contents
X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved clxxv

General Content
Characterization X
Evaluation of indications X
Use of complimentary NDT Interpretation of relevant
X
methods standards and codes
Evaluation (conventional
X
approach, validated method
Distinction defect/artifact X
Level of significant variation X
Storage and recording process X
13.8 Evaluation and Application of acceptance X

Assessment confirmation of test
reports ‐ Criteria according to
standards, codes and X
procedures
‐ Acceptance and
X
classification criteria
‐ Significance of
X
discontinuities
‐ With and without codes
X
and standards

Quality aspects
X
X
procedures
X
X
instruction
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved clxxvi

General Content
NDT application and
‐ Lift test X
13.10 General information X
Developments
Newest developments Industrial applications X
Scientific applications X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved clxxvii


Castings
nonferrous
Working load X X
X
standard
X X
‐ Selection X X
X X
results
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved clxxviii

Assessment Type X X
Size X X
Localization X X
Frequency X X
X X
material
Forging (all
forgings:
non‐ferrous
materials)
Working load

X
standard
X X
‐ Selection X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved clxxix

X X
results
Assessment Type X X
Size X X
Localization X X
Frequency X X
X X
material
Welds (all types
X
ferrous and
material)
Working load X
Evaluation of welds

© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved clxxx


X
standard
X X
‐ Selection X X
X X
results
Assessment Type X X
Size X X
Localization X X
Frequency X X
X X
material
Tubes and pipes
welded, ferrous
materials,
Working load X X
inkling flat
manufacturing X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved clxxxi

pipes) Evaluation of corrosion X X

X
standard
X X
‐ Selection X X
X X
results
Assessment Type X X
Size X X
Localization X X
Frequency X X
X X
material
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved clxxxii


X
‐ Clinks X
‐ Cracks X
‐ Seams X
‐ Frills X
‐ Laps X
‐ Spills X
‐ Pits X
‐ Scratches X
X X
‐ Selection X X
X X
results
Assessment Type X X
Size X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved clxxxiii

Localization X X
Frequency X X
X X
material
Composite
Working load X X
X
standard
X X
‐ Selection X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved clxxxiv


X X
results
Assessment Type X X
Size X X
Localization X X
Frequency X X
X X
material
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved clxxxv

14 Strain Gauge Testing (ST) – Levels 1, 2 and 3
General Content

(%) (%) (%)
14.1 Introduction to terminology and history of strain gauge testing (ST) 3 4 8
14.6 Testing 12 12.5 4
Product Sector
industrial sector.
14.11 Castings (ferrous and nonferrous materials) Not applicable
14.12 Forging (all types of forgings: ferrous and nonferrous materials 0.0 0.1 0.1
14.13 Welds (all types of welds, including soldering, for ferrous and nonferrous 0.0 0.1 0.1
material)
14.14 Tubes and pipes (seamless, welded, ferrous and non‐ferrous materials, including 0.0 0.1 0.1
14.15 Wrought Products, except forgings (e.g. plates, bar, rods) 0.0 0.1 0.1
14.16 Composite materials 0.0 0.1 0.1
Industrial Sector
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved clxxxvi

Strain Gauge Testing (ST) – Level 1, 2 and 3
General Content
14.1 History X X X
Introduction to
history of strain
gauge testing (ST) What is the purpose of NDT? X X X
X X X
Purpose of strain gauge Definition X X X
testing (ST)
14.2 Physical principles Load and deformation X
Physical principles
and associated Stresses and strains X X X
knowledge
‐ Definitions X X
‐ Relationships X X
‐ Coordinate conversions X
‐ Mohr’s stress and strain
X
circles
‐ Stresses and strain on
X
surface
‐ Principle stresses and
X
strains
Materials testing X
Plane stress X
Typical fields of stress and strain X
Stress and strain in pressure vessel X
Thermal stain X
Dynamic strain X
Electrical circuit Fundamentals X
‐ DC circuit X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved clxxxvii

General Content
‐ AC circuit X
Strain gauge testing Characteristics X X X
Principles X X X
Structure X X X
14.3 Product knowledge Load and deformation X
Product knowledge
and related Stresses and strains X X X
capability of the
method and derived ‐ Definitions X X
techniques
‐ Relationships X X
‐ Coordinate conversions X
‐ Mohr’s stress and strain
X
circles
‐ Stresses and strain on
X
surface
‐ Principle stresses and
X
strains
Materials testing X
Plane stress X
Typical fields of stress and strain X
Stress and strain in pressure vessel X
Thermal stain X
Dynamic strain X
Electrical circuit Fundamentals X
‐ DC circuit X
‐ AC circuit X
Strain gauge testing Characteristics X X X
Principles X X X
Structure X X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved clxxxviii

General Content
14.4 Measurement system Static strain measurement X X

Equipment
Dynamic strain measurement X X
Power supply for bridge circuit X X
Strain gauges Various strain gauges X
Characteristics X X X
Properties X X
Categories X X
Gauge lead X
Applicable limit X X
Selection X
Bridge circuit X X X
‐ Principles X
‐ Wire connection X X X
‐ Equivalent strain X X
Strain meter and recorder X X X
‐ Static strain meter X X
‐ Dynamic strain meter X X
‐ Input connector X
Recorder X X
‐ Catagories X
Response of measurement system X
Transducer Characteristics X X
Measurement principle X X
Various X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved clxxxix

General Content

? X X
Infrastructure X
out
X X
object
performing test
Correction of measured values X X
Correction of gauge factor X X
Correction including resistance of
X
gauge lead
Apparent strain caused by
X
temperature change
‐ Self‐temperature
compensated strain X
gauge
Temperature compensation by
X
using active‐dummy method
Information of strain gauge X
‐ Lead X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxc

General Content
‐ Gauge terminal X
‐ Cement X
‐ Confirmation after
X
attachment
Damp proofing X
Testing errors and their solutions X
‐ Error due to attaching angle
X
of strain gauge
‐ Incompatibilty of bridge
X
circuit balance
‐ Instability of measurement X
‐ Noise X
Long‐time measurement X
instruction
Documents X
X
14.6 Preparation Attachment of strain gauge X X

Testing
‐ Preparation before
X
attachment
‐ Attachment X
‐ Confirmation after
X
attachment
Preparation of measurement
X
system
Damp proofing X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxci

General Content
Procedure of strain testing (static

X X X
strain)
Connection of equipments X
Measuring X X
‐ With transducer X X
‐ Calibration of transducer X X
‐ Measurement X
Procedure of strain testing
X X
(dynamic strain)
Connection of equipments X
Measuring X
Strain gauge testing in Introduction X
specific conditions and
environments Testing of large strain X
Testing under low and high
X
temperatures
Testing in water and at high
X
pressure
Testing in magnetic and electrical
X
fields
Testing for rotating components X
Testing of impulsive strain X
Testing of residual strain X
14.7 Recording and reporting of strain

X
Evaluation and data
reporting Evaluation of strain data X X
‐ Correction of strain data X
Stress analysis from strain data X X
Reporting results X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxcii

General Content
14.8 Criteria for failure and strength X X

Assessment
‐ Allowable stress and
X
safety factor
‐ Fatigue X
‐ Fracture mechanics X
Quality aspects
X
X
procedures
X
X
instruction
NDT application and
14.10 Other strain testing Principles and characteristics X
Developments methods
Optical method X
Infrared method X
X‐ray stress measuring method X
Magnetic method X
Ultrasonic method X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxciii

General Content
Coating method X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxciv

14.11 Not applicable

Castings
(ferrous and
nonferrous
materials)
Forging (all
types of
forgings:
ferrous and
non‐ferrous
materials)
Welds (all types
of welds Note: Testing of residual strain Type of weld seams and weld
X
ferrous and
material)
Working load X
Evaluation of welds

X
standard
X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxcv

‐ Selection X X
X X
results
Assessment Type X X
Size X X
Localization X X
Frequency X X
X X
material
Tubes and pipes
(seamless, Note: Testing of strain on Types of discontinuities X X
welded, ferrous curved surface
materials, Stress and strain in pressure
Working load X X
inkling flat vessel
manufacturing X X
pipes)
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxcvi


X
standard
X X
‐ Selection X X
X X
results
Assessment Type X X
Size X X
Localization X X
Frequency X X
X X
material
Wrought
products except
forgings (e.g.
plates, bar,
rods)
Composite
materials Note: Testing of strain in Types of discontinuities
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxcvii

heterogeneous and anistropic Corrosion process X X

materials (wood concrete
material, Fiber reinforced Working load X X
material)
X
standard
X X
‐ Selection X X
X X
results
Assessment Type X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxcviii

Size X X
Localization X X
Frequency X X
X X
material
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cxcix

15 New Developing Techniques
The intent of this chapter is to provide recommendations on training pertaining to developing techniques. It is
recommended that these courses have a minimum prerequisite of Level 2 certification in the main method
associated with this emerging technology.
Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD) – Level 1, 2 and 3
General Content
15.1.1 History X X X
Introduction to
terminology and Introduction to time of flight Overview X X X
history of time of diffraction technique
flight diffraction X X X
(TOFD)
15.1.2 Mathematical and physical Basics of sound beam X

and associated Waves X
knowledge
‐ Sinusoidal movement X
‐ Amplitude X
‐ Frequency X
‐ Wavelength X
‐ Propagation velocity X
‐ Longitudinal waves X
‐ Transverse waves X
Principle of wave‐diffraction X
Sound‐field of TOFD‐probes X
Visualization of TOFD‐images X
Probe Centre Separation (PCS) X
15.1.3 Various defects related to Defects related to the

Product knowledge the manufacturing processes manufacturing processes
X
and related and service‐induced defects (welding)
capability of the elated to the defined sectors
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cc

General Content
method and Implementation of TOFD

derived techniques technique according to products
X
and to expected discontinuities
(weld defects)
Overall properties of Influence of surface conditions X
specimen
Geometry X
Attenuation X
Reference reflectors (SDH),
X
notch)
15.1.4 Test instrument and UT TOFD instrument X

Equipment combined equipment
TOFD probes according to EN
X
583‐6
Adaption of probes to curved
scanning surfaces according to X
ISO 17640
Encoders and scanning
X
mechanisms
Different types of scanners X
Reference blocks according to
X
ISO 10863
Different reference blocks X
15.1.5 Items to be defined by Purpose X
Information prior specification
to test Extent of TOFD testing X
Information required by the
X
operator
Written test instruction or
X
procedure
15.1.6 Setting of test range and
X
Testing sensitivity
Setup of probes X
‐ Scan increment setting X
‐ Geometry
X
considerations
‐ Preparation of scanning
X
surfaces
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cci

General Content
‐ Couplant and coupling

X
techniques
Range and sensitivity settings X
‐ Time window X
‐ Time‐to‐depth
X
conversion
‐ Sensitivity settings X
‐ Checking of settings X
Reference blocks according to
X
ISO 10863
‐ Material X
‐ Dimensions X
‐ Shape X
‐ Reference reflectors,
X
SDH and notch
Interpretation and analysis of
X
TOFD images
‐ Assessing the quality of
X
the TOFD image
‐ Identification and
classification of relevant X
TOFD indications
‐ Determination of
X
location and size
15.1.7 Evaluation according to
X
Evaluation and acceptance criteria
reporting Test report X
‐ Information relating to
X
the test object
‐ Equipment X
‐ Test technique X
‐ Test results X
Storage of data‐files X
Generation of reports X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved ccii

General Content
Near surface and opposite

X
surface resolution
Defect location and length
X
measurement
15.1.8 Evaluation and confirmation of
X
Assessment test reports
Application of the acceptance
criteria according to standards, X
Offline evaluation using PC‐
X
software
15.1.9 Personnel qualification ISO 9712 X
Quality aspects
X
15.1.10 Not applicable
Developments
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cciii

Phased Array (PA) – Level 1, 2 and 3
General Content
15.2.1 History
Introduction to
terminology and Introduction to phased array Overview X
history of phased techniques
array (PA) Applicability and limitations
Difference between conventional

and Phased Array techniques
15.2.2 Mathematical and physical Basics of sound beam X
and associated Waves X
knowledge
‐ Sinusoidal movement X
‐ Amplitude X
‐ Frequency X
‐ Wavelength X
‐ Propagation velocity X
‐ Longitudinal waves X
‐ Transverse waves X
Terms relating to sound X
‐ Side lobes X
‐ Grating lobes X
‐ Artifacts spelling X
Terms relating to arrays X
‐ Active aperture X
‐ Elementary aperture X
‐ Primary axis of an array X
‐ Secondary axis of an
X
array
Influence of band width X
Electronical beam steering and
X
focusing of sound beams
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved cciv

General Content
15.2.3 Defects related to the Welding X

Product manufacturing processes
knowledge and Forgings X
related capability
of the method and Castings X
derived techniques
Implementation of Phased
Array techniques according
X
to products and to expected
discontinuities
Overall properties of Influence of surface conditions
specimen
Geometry
Attenuation
Reference reflectors
‐ Backwall
‐ Side drilled holes
‐ Flat bottom holes
15.2.4 Test Instrument and Phased array instrument X

Equipment combined equipment
Multi channel instrument X
Transmitting delay X
Receiving delay X
Delay laws X
Amplitude balancing X
Multi group capability X
Number of focal laws X
Phased array probes Linear array X
Annular array X
Annular sectorial array X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved ccv

General Content
Acoustic properties of wedge

materials that affect phased X
arrays
Encircling array X
1.5D array X
TR‐Linear array X
Multi group capabilities Number of focal laws X
Encoders Different types of scanners X
Couplant and coupling
X
techniques
Calibration blocks Block No. 1 according to ISO 2400 X
Block No. 2 according to ISO 7963 X
Reference block according to ISO
X
13588
Different reference blocks X
15.2.5 Applied standards for UT – Content X
Information prior and phased array testing
to test Requirements for procedures X
Developing of test procedures X
15.2.6 Techniques Linear scanning with 0 deg
X
Testing (forgings and castings)
Linear scanning with constant
X
angle (welding)
Sectorial scanning (welding,
X
forging)
Multigroup scanning X
Range setting X
‐ Single point calibration X
‐ Two point calibration X
Sensitivity setting X
‐ Angle corrected gain
X
(ACG)
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved ccvi

General Content
‐ Reference reflectors
X
(BW, SDH, FBH)
‐ Single reflector
technique (reference X
height)
‐ Requirements for
X
reference blocks
‐ DAC‐method X
‐ TCG‐method X
‐ DGS‐method X
Typical applications of phased
X
array techniques
15.2.7 Evaluation of indications DGS‐method X
Evaluation and
reporting DAC‐method X
TCG‐method X
Distinction between defect and
X
geometry echo
Location of defects X
Interpretation and evaluation of
X
indications
Sizing of defects X
A‐, E‐, S‐, B‐ and C‐Scan
X
interpretation
Reporting Recording X
Classifying of results according to
X
written procedure
Storage of data‐files X
Generation of reports X
15.2.8 Evaluation and confirmation of
X
Assessment test reports
Application of the acceptance
criteria according to standards, X
15.2.9 Personnel qualification ISO 9712 X
Quality aspects
X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved ccvii

General Content
15.4.10 Not applicable

Developments
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved ccviii

Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) – Level 1, 2 and 3
General Content
15.3.1 History
Introduction to
terminology and Purpose of NDT What is testing? X
history of magnetic
flux leakage (MFL) What is the purpose of NDT? X
X
How does it add value? X
Who may carry out NDT? X
Main NDT Methods X
Purpose of magnetic flux Definition X
leakage (MFL)
Applicability and limitations X
15.3.2 Magnetic Fields Basic principles of testing X
Physical principles
and associated Magnetic field characteristics X
knowledge Flux line characteristics X
Flux Leakage theory X X X
Forster and other theories X
Finite element methods X
Factors that affect flux leakage
X
fields
‐ Degree of magnetization X
‐ Defect geometry X
‐ Defect location X
‐ Defect orientation X
‐ Distance between adjacent
X
defects
Magnetism by means of Principles of electricity X
electric current
Field around a conductor X
Right‐hand rule X
Field in ferromagnetic conductors X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved ccix

General Content
Indirect magnetization X
‐ Longitudinal fields X
‐ Transverse fields X
Magnetization Variables X
‐ Current type (AC vs. DC) X X
‐ Hysteresis curve X
‐ Permeability X
‐ Factors affecting
X X
permeability
15.3.3 Factors affecting choice of Test conditions X
Product knowledge sensing elements
and related Magnetization characteristics for
X
capability of the various magnetic materials
method and derived Magnetization by means of electric
X
techniques fields
‐ Circular field X
‐ Longitudinal field X
‐ Value of flux density X
Magnetization by means of
X
permanent magnets
‐ Permanent magnet
X
relationship and theory
‐ Permanent magnet
X
materials
Selection of proper magnetization
X X
method
‐ Type of part X
‐ Type of discontinuity X
‐ Speed of inspection X
‐ Location of discontinuity X
‐ Applications other than
X
discontinuity detections
Applications Flaw detection X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved ccx

General Content
Sorting for properties related to

X
permeability
Measurement of magnetic‐
X
characteristic values
Tank floor and side inspection X
Wire rope inspection X
Tube inspection X
Intelligent pigs X
Bar inspection X
15.3.4 Detectors Advantages/limitations X
Equipment
Search coils Rate of change in the normal
X X
component of flux leakage
Faraday’s law X X
Factors that affect the output
X X
voltage
Advantages/limitations X
Hall effect search units Principles X X
Factor that affect the output
X X
voltage
Instrument design Read out selection X
‐ Monitor displays X
‐ Strip‐chart recorder X
‐ Alarms X
‐ Sorting gates X
‐ Automation X
‐ Computerized data
X
acquisition
‐ Other X
Amplification X
Filtering X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved ccxi

General Content
Sensor configuration X
15.3.5 Information about the test Identification or designation
test ‐ Object to be tested X X
‐ Kind of manufacture X
‐ Catalogue of defects X
Application standard X
Application of specifications X
Stage of manufacture or service life
X
when testing is to be carried out
Application of operating procedures X
Technique and sequence of Surface condition X X
performing test
Surface preparation X X
Post test documentation X X
X X
15.3.6 Performing inspection to a written
X
Testing instruction
Preparing written instruction X
Preparing written procedure X
Supervision of testing personnel X X
Parameters Surface or subsurface flaw
X
detection
Magnetization
‐ Equipment X X
‐ Current type X X
‐ Type X X
Control of magnetization conditions X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved ccxii

General Content
‐ Values of the magnetizing

X
parameters
‐ Continuous vs. residual
X
method
‐ Permeability X
‐ Saturation X
Technique X X
‐ Correct use of X X
‐ Selection X X
‐ Magnetic field strength X
‐ Orientation X
Signal‐to‐noise X X
‐ Definition X
‐ Relationship to flux leakage
X
testing
‐ Methods of improving
X
signal‐to‐noise ratio
‐ Noise suppression X
Response Speed X
Skin effect X
Coupling X X
‐ Lift off X X
‐ Fill factor X
Signal processing considerations X X X
‐ Rectification X X
‐ Amplification X X
‐ Filtering X X X
Readout Mechanism X X
‐ Displays X X
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved ccxiii

General Content
‐ Strip‐chart recorder X X
‐ Computerized data
X X
acquisition
Recording of discontinuities X
Reporting X
Treatment of components Residual field X X
‐ Condition requiring
X X
demagnetization
‐ Level of residual X X
‐ Influence on later use of
X X
material
‐ Basic priniciples X
‐ Minimal value of the
magnetic field of X
demagnetization principles
15.3.7 Inspection conditions Calibration of test units X
Evaluation and
reporting Batch test report X X X
Test report Basics of evaluation X X
Report of imperfections
X X
15.3.8 Assessment of Relevant and non‐relevant X
Assessment discontinuities
Influence of manufacture X X
Influence of material X X
Characterization X X
15.3.9 Personnel qualification ISO 9712 X X X
Quality aspects
X X X
X
procedures
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved ccxiv

General Content

X
Traceability of documents X
Reliability of measurements X
Knowledge of applicable Correct technique selection X X
NDT application and
NDT method selection X
Job specific training X X
15.3.11
Developments Not applicable
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved ccxv

Annex A
(informative)
Alternative Training Hours for Advanced Radiography Techniques
Trainings times for RT‐Training (in hours)
Required Level 1 Level 2 Level 33)

Technique Certificate hours Hours Hours
RT‐F Film non 40 80 + RT‐F1 Training1,3) 40 + RT‐F1,2 Training1,2)
RT‐D 1 32 80 40
RT‐D 2,3 32 40 32
RT‐D 2,3 ‐‐‐ 603,4) 32
RT‐D Digital non 40 80 + RT‐D1 Training 1,3) 40 + RT‐D1,2 Training1,2)
RT‐F 1 32 80 40
RT‐F 2,3 32 40 32
RT‐F 2,3, S 2,3 ‐‐‐ 603,4) 32
RT‐S Radioscopy non 32 32 + RT‐S1 Training 32 + RT‐S1,2 Training1,2)
RT‐F 2,3 32 32
RT‐D 2,3 32 32
1) Level 1 training not required if additional technical qualification can be proven (e.g. university)
2) Additional basic training and examination by ISO 9712 required and practical examination in level 2
3) direct access, only if additional technical qualification can be proven (e.g. university)
4) direct access, only if certified in level 2 or level 3
RT = Radiographic Testing method

RT‐F = for film technique
RT‐D = for digital technique (film replacement)
RT‐S = for radioscopic technique
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved ccxvi

Minimum requirements on industrial NDT experience times for RT techniques
Experiences times in Months

RT‐Technique Level 1 Level 2 Level 2 Level 3 Level 3
with level I with direct access with level II with direct access
certificate certificate
RT‐F 3 9 12
RT‐D 3 9 12
RT‐S 3 9 12
RT 18 27
If certified personnel are trained in a certain technique, the required experience times will be reduced to 1/3 for
each further technique of the same method.
Up to 50% of the practical experience times may be proven by participating at a suitable guided practicum. The
practicum time can be weighted with a factor of up to 5.
For more details see ISO 9712.
Minimum number of examination questions for RT qualifications.
Industrial sector Product sector
General part Special part General part Special part
Level 1 + 2 Level 1 + 2 Level 1 + 2 Level 1 + 2
RT‐F 40 30 40 20
RT‐D 40 30 40 20
RT‐S 40 30 40 20
Part D1) of ISO 9712 Part E2) of ISO 9712
Level 3 Level 3
RT 30 20
1)
Level 3‐knowledge for the applied testing method.
2)
Application of the NDT method in the specified sectors, including the applied standards, guidelines,
specifications and written procedures. For this examinations candidates may use their documents as e.g.
standards, guidelines, specifications and written procedures.
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved ccxvii

Practical requirements for the examination in RT‐F / RT‐D / RT‐S
radiographs of welds
Practical exposure of
Practical exposure of
corroded pipes
radiographs of
radiographs of
evaluation of
evaluation of
evaluation of
Viewing and
Viewing and
Viewing and
weldments
castings
castings
RT‐F Level 1 + 2 Level 1 + 2 Level 2 Level 2
1 Exposure 1) 1 Exposure 1) 12 Filme2) 12 Filme2)
RT‐D Level 1 + 2 Level 1 + 2 Level 2 Level 2 Level 2
1 Exposure1) 1 Exposure 1) 8 digital 8 digital 8 digital

exposures exposures exposures
RT‐S Level 1 + 2 Level 1 + 2 Level 2 Level 2 ‐
1 Exposure 1) 1 Exposure 1) 12 digital 12 digital

exposures exposures
1)
For level II qualification an additional written instruction for level I personnel shall be designed in the specified
industrial sector for the related test object.
2)
Films or digitized films by ISO 14096, Class DB or DS
Level 3 RT (Part F):

Additionally to the practical examination in level II (except the draft of NDT written instructions for level I) or level II
examination:
Draft of one or more RT-written procedures in the corresponding product sector(s).
Standards, guidelines, specifications and other written procedures shall be made available for the candidates.
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved ccxviii

Required hardware for NDT training institutions
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved ccxix

Personal computer Image
technique and bunker or
Radiation measurement
IQIs and lead markers

X‐ray imag intensifier
X‐ray and /or gamma
Film viewing stations
processing software
CR‐system
sources
Films,
DDA
RT‐F X‐ + γ‐ X X X
source
RT‐D X‐ + γ‐ X X X X X
source
RT‐S X‐ray X X and/or X X X

source
Further requirements of ISO/TR 25108 need to be considered.
The required examination test samples need to be available in a clean and sufficient manner. This includes test
samples of different product sectors, step wedges, shielding materials, etc..
If only one type of hardware is available for RT‐D training, as e.g. DDA‐ or CR‐systems, the training with one of
both systems may be substituted by a virtual training with PC based software modelling.
The virtual training software should have the following functionality:
‐ Input of different test objects (different material / geometry)

‐ Selection and positioning of Image quality indicators (ISO 19232, ASTM E 1025, E 1742)
‐ Radiation sources: U /kV, I /mA, Spectrum, source size, different Gamma sources
‐ Exposure geometry: distances, radiation angles
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved ccxx

‐ Detectors: DDA, CR, Film
Basic spatial resolution, Pixel sitze, Photon noise, Detector noise, efficiency
‐ Attenuation law and build up factor
‐ Data format: Input CAD Files (e.g. *.stl), Output 16‐Bit image data in TIFF, DICONDE or RAW.
Important: Data need to be compatible with the used viewing software.
‐
Image processing software conform to ISO 17636‐2, clause 7.9
Additionally required:
‐ Different sets of IQIs (ISO 19232) fort he used materials.

‐ Several test samples relevant for the product sector.
‐ Materials for masking and collimation
‐ Pre filters with different thickness of different materials
‐ Step wedges of different materials suitable for generation of exposure graphs.
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved ccxxi

Bibliography
Radiography
[1] ISO 3999, Radiation Protection – Apparatus for industrial gamma radiography – Specifications for
performance, design and tests
[2] ISO 5576, Non-destructive testing — Industrial X-ray and gamma-ray radiology -- Vocabulary
[3] ISO 5579, Non-destructive testing — Radiographic examination of metallic materials by X- and gamma
rays -- Basic rules
[4] ISO 5580, Non-destructive testing — Industrial radiographic illuminators — Minimum requirements
[5] ISO 9712, Non-destructive testing — Qualification and certification of NDT personnel
[6] ISO 10675-1, Non-destructive testing of welds – Acceptance levels for radiographic testing – Part 1: Steel,
nickel, titanium and their alloys
[7] ISO 10675-2, Non-destructive testing of welds – Acceptance levels for radiographic testing – Part 2:
Aluminum and its alloys
[8] ISO 11699-1, Non-destructive testing — Industrial radiographic film - Part 1: Classification of film systems
for industrial radiography
[9] ISO 11699-2, Non-destructive testing — Industrial radiographic films - Part 2: Control of film processing by
means of reference values
[10] ISO 14096-1, Non-destructive testing – Qualification of radiographic film digitization systems – Part 1:
Definitions, quantitiative measurements of image quality parameters, standard reference film and
qualitative control
[11] ISO 14096-2, Non-destructive testing – Qualification of radiographic film digitization systems – Part 2:
Minimum requirements
[12] ISO 15708-1, Non-destructive testing – Radiation methods – Computed tomography – Part 1: Principles
[13] ISO 15708-2, Non-destructive testing – Radiation methods – Computed tomography – Part 2: Examination
practices
[14] ISO 16371-1, Non-destructive testing – Industrial computed radiography with storage phosphor imaging
plates – Part 1: Classification of systems
[15] ISO 16526-1, Non-destructive testing – Measurement and evaluation of the X-ray tube voltage – Part 1:
Voltage divider method
Constancy check by the thick filter method
Spectrometric method
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved ccxxii

[18] ISO 17635, Non-destructive testing of welds – General rules for metallic materials
[19] ISO 17636-1, Non-destructive testing of welds – Radiographic testing – Part 1: X- and gamma-ray
techniques with film
[20] ISO 17636-2, Non-destructive testing – Radiographic testing – Part 2: X- and gamma-ray techniques with
digital detectors
[21] ISO/TS 18173, Non-destructive testing — General terms and definitions
[22] ISO 19232-1, Non-destructive testing — Image quality of radiographs - Part 1: Image quality indicators
(wire type) - Determination of image quality value
(step/hole type) - Determination of image quality value
[24] ISO 19232-3, Non-destructive testing — Image quality of radiographs - Part 3: Image quality classes for
ferrous metals
[25] ISO 19232-4, Non-destructive testing — Image quality of radiographs - Part 4: Experimental evaluation of
image quality values and image quality tables
(duplex wire type) - Determination of image unsharpness value
[27] EN 584-1, Non-destructive testing – Industrial radiographic film – Part 1: Classification of film systems for
industrial radiography
[28] EN 584-2, Non-destructive testing – Industrial radiographic film – Part 2: Control of film processing by
means of reference values
[29] EN 12543-1, Non-destructive testing — Characteristics of focal spots in industrial X-ray systems for use in
non-destructive testing — Part 1: Scanning method
non-destructive testing — Part 2: Pinhole camera radiographic method
non-destructive testing — Part 3: Slit camera radiographic method
non-destructive testing — Part 4: Edge method
non-destructive testing — Part 5: Measurement of the effective focal spot size of mini and micro focus X-
ray tubes
[34] EN 12679, Non-destructive testing — Determination of the size of industrial radiographic sources —
Radiographic method
[35] EN 12681, Founding — Radiographic examination
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved ccxxiii

[36] EN 13068-1, Non-destructive testing — Radioscopic testing — Part 1: Quantitative measurement of
imaging properties
[37] EN 13068-2, Non-destructive testing — Radioscopic testing — Part 2: Check of long term stability of
imaging devices
[38] EN 13068-3, Non-destructive testing — Radioscopic testing — Part 3: General principles of radioscopic
testing of metallic materials by X- and gamma rays
[39] EN CR 13935, Non-destructive testing – Generic NDE data format model
[40] EN 16016-1, Non-destructive testing – Radiation methods – Computed Tomography – Part 1: Terminology
[41] EN 16016-2, Non-destructive testing – Radiation methods – Computed Tomography – Part 2: Principle,
equipment and samples
[42] EN 16016-3, Non-destructive testing – Radiation methods – Computed Tomography – Part 3: Operation
and interpretation
[43] EN 16016-4, Non-destructive testing – Radiation methods – Computed Tomography – Part 4: Qualification
[44] ASTM E94, Standard Guide for Radiographic Examination [??] ASTM E155, Standard Reference
Radiographs for Inspection of Aluminum and Magnesium Castings
[45] ASTM E186, Standard Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 4 inch) (50.8 to 114-mm) Steel
Castings
[46] ASTM E192, Standard Reference Radiographs of Investment Steel Castings for Aerospace Applications
[47] ASTM E242, Standard Reference Radiographs for Appearances of Radiographic Images as Certain
Parameters are Changed
[48] ASTM E272, Standard Reference Radiographs for High‐Strength Copper‐Base and Nickel‐Copper Alloy
Castings
[49] ASTM E280, Standard Reference Radiographs for Heavy‐Walled (4½ to 12‐in. (114 to 305‐mm))
Steel Castings
[50] ASTM E310, Standard Reference Radiographs for Tin Bronze Castings
[51] ASTM E390, Standard Reference Radiographs for Steel Fusion Welds
[52] ASTM E446, Standard Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings Up to 2 in. (50.8 mm) in Thickness
[53] ASTM E505, Standard Reference Radiographs for Inspection of Aluminum and Magnesium Die Castings
[54] ASTM E689, Standard Reference Radiographs for Ductile Iron Castings
[55] ASTM E747, Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture and Material Grouping Classification of Wire
Image Quality Indicators (IQI) Used for Radiology
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved ccxxiv

[56] ASTM E802, Standard Reference Radiographs for Gray Iron Castings Up to 4 1/2 in. (114 mm) in
Thickness
[57] ASTM E1000, Standard Guide for Radioscopy
[58] ASTM E1025, Standard Practice for Design, Manufacture, and Material Grouping Classification of Hole-
Type Image Quality Indicators (IQI) Used for Radiology
[59] ASTM E1030, Standard Test Method for Radiographic Examination of Metallic Castings
[60] ASTM E1032, Standard Test Method for Radiographic Examination of Weldments
[61] ASTM E1114, Standard Test Method for Determining the Size of Iridium‐192 Industrial Radiographic
Sources
[62] ASTM E1165, Standard Test Method for Measurement of Focal Spots of Industrial X‐Ray Tubes by Pinhole
Imaging
[63] ASTM E1255, Standard Practice for Radioscopy
[64] ASTM E1316, Standard Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations
[65] ASTM E1320, Standard Reference Radiographs for Titanium Castings
[66] ASTM E1411, Standard Practice for Qualification of Radioscopic Systems
[67] ASTM E1416, Standard Test Method for Radioscopic Examination of Weldments
[68] ASTM E1441, Standard Guide for Computed Tomography (CT) Imaging
[69] ASTM E1570, Standard Practice for Computed Tomographic (CT) Examination
[70] ASTM E1648, Standard Reference Radiographs for Examination of Aluminum Fusion Welds
[71] ASTM E1647, Standard Practice for Determining Contrast Sensitivity in Radioscopy
[72] ASTM E1672, Standard Guide for Computed Tomography (CT) System Selection
[73] ASTM E1695, Standard Test Method for Measurement of Computed Tomography (CT) System
Performance
[74] ASTM E1734, Standard Practice for Radioscopic Examination of Castings
[75] ASTM E1742/E1742M, Standard Practice for Radiographic Examination
[76] ASTM E1814, Standard Practice for Computed Tomographic Examination of Castings
[77] ASTM E1815, Standard test method for classification of film systems for industrial radiography
[78] ASTM E1935, Standard Test Method for Calibrating and Measuring CT Density
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved ccxxv

[79] ASTM E1936, Standard Reference Radiograph for Evaluating the Performance of Radiographic
Digitization Systems
[80] ASTM E2002, Standard Practice for Determining Total Image Unsharpness in Radiology
[81] ASTM E2007, Standard Guide for Computed Radiography
[82] ASTM E2033, Standard Practice for Computed Radiology (Photostimulable Luminescence Method)
[83] ASTM E2422, Standard Digital Reference Images for Inspection of Aluminum Castings
[84] ASTM E2445, Standard Practice for Qualification and Long-Term Stability of Computed Radiology Systems
[85] ASTM E2446, Standard Practice for Manufacturing Characterization of Computed Radiography Systems
[86] ASTM E 2597/E2597M, Standard Practice for Manufacturing Characterization of Digital Detector Arrays
[87] ASTM E2660, Standard Digital Reference Images for Investment Steel Castings for Aerospace Applications
[88] ASTM E2663, Standard Practice for Digital Imaging and Communication in Nondestructive Evaluation
(DICONDE) for Ultrasonic Test Methods
[89] ASTM E2669, Standard Digital Reference Images for Titanium Castings
[90] ASTM E2698, Standard Practice for Radiological Examination Using Digital Detector Arrays
[91] ASTM E2699, Standard Practice for Digital Imaging and Communication in Nondestructive evaluation
( DICONDE) for Digital Radiographic (DR) Test Methods
[92] ASTM E2736, Standard Guide for Digital Detector Array Radiography
[93] ASTM E 2737, Standard Practice for Digital Detector Array Performance Evaluation and Long‐Term
Stability
[94] ASTM E2738, Standard Practice for Digital Imaging and Communication Nondestructive Evaluation for
Computed Radiography Test Methods
[95] ASTM E2767, Standard Practice for Digital Imaging and Communication in Nondestructive Evaluation ;
for X‐ray Computed Tomography Test Methods
[96] ASTM E2903, Standard Test Method for Measurement of the Effective Focal Spot Size of Mini and Micro
Focus X‐ray Tubes
[97] ASME BPVC Section V, Article 2, Radiographic Examination
[98] ASME BPVC Section V, Article 1, General Requirements
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved ccxxvi

Ultrasonics
[1] ISO 2400, Non-destructive testing – Ultrasonic testing – Specification for calibration block No. 1
[2] ISO 5577, Non-destructive testing – Ultrasonic inspection -- Vocabulary
[3] ISO 7963, Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic testing - Specification for calibration block No. 2
[4] ISO 13588, Non-destructive testing of welds – Ultrasonic testing – Use of automated phased array
technology
[5] ISO 16809, Non-destructive testing – Ultrasonic thickness measurement
[6] ISO 16810, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing - General principles
[7] ISO 16811, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing - Sensitivity and range setting
[8] ISO 16823, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing -- Transmission technique
[9] ISO 16826, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing - Examination for discontinuities perpendicular to
the surface
[10] ISO 16827, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing - Characterization and sizing of discontinuities
[11] ISO 16828, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing - Time-of-flight diffraction technique as a method
for detection and sizing of discontinuities
[12] ISO 17640, Non-destructive testing of welds – Ultrasonic testing – Techniques, testing levels, and
assessment
[13] ISO 10863, Non-destructive testing of welds – Ultrasonic testing – Use of time-of-flight diffraction technique
(TOFD)
[14] ISO/TS 18173, Non-destructive testing – General terms and definitions
[15] ISO 18175, Non-destructive testing — Evaluating performance characteristics of ultrasonic pulse-echo
testing systems without the use of electronic measurement instruments
[16] EN 583-1, Non-destructive testing – Ultrasonic Examination – Part 1: General principles
[17] EN 583-2, Non-destructive testing – Ultrasonic Examination – Part 2: Sensitivity and range settings
[18] EN 583-3, Non-destructive testing – Ultrasonic Examination – Part 3: Transmission technique
[19] EN 583-4, Non-destructive testing – Ultrasonic Examination – Part 4: Examination for discontinuities
perpendicular to the surface
[20] EN 583-5, Non-destructive testing – Ultrasonic Examination – Part 5: Characterization and sizing of
discontinuities
[21] EN 583-6, Non-destructive testing – Ultrasonic Examination – Part 6: Time of flight diffraction
[22] EN 1330-1, Non-destructive testing – Terminology – Part 1: List of general terms
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved ccxxvii

[23] EN 1330-2, Non-destructive testing – Terminology – Part 2: Terms common to the non-destructive testing
methods
[24] EN 1330-4, Non-destructive testing – Terminology – Part 4: Terms used in ultrasonic testing
[25] EN 12668-1, Non-destructive testing – Characterization and verification of ultrasonic examination

equipment – Part 1: Instruments

equipment – Part 2: Probes

equipment – Part 3: Combined equipment
Eddy Current Testing
[1] ISO 12718, Non‐destructive testing – Eddy current testing ‐ Vocabulary
[2] ISO 15548-1, Non-destructive testing — Equipment for eddy current examination — Part 1: Instrument
characteristics and verification
[3] ISO 15548-2, Non-destructive testing — Equipment for eddy current examination — Part 2: Probe
[4] ISO 15548-3, Non-destructive testing — Equipment for eddy current examination — Part 3: System
[5] ISO 15549, Non-destructive testing — Eddy current testing — General principles
[6] ISO 17643, Non-destructive testing of welds – Eddy current testing of welds by complex-plane analysis
Penetrant Testing
[1] ISO 3057, Non‐destructive testing – Metallographic replica techniques of surface examination
[2] ISO 3058, Non‐destructive testing – Aids to visual inspection – Selection of low‐power magnifiers
[3] ISO 3059, Non‐destructive testing ‐ Penetrant testing and magnetic particle testing – Viewing conditions
[4] ISO 3452‐1, Non‐destructive testing ‐ Penetrant testing – Part 1: General principles
[5] ISO 3452‐2, Non‐destructive testing ‐ Penetrant testing – Part 2: Testing of penetrant materials
[6] ISO 3452‐3, Non‐destructive testing ‐ Penetrant testing – Part 3: Reference test blocks
[7] ISO 3452‐4, Non‐destructive testing ‐ Penetrant testing – Part 4: Equipment
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved ccxxviii

[8] ISO 3452‐5, Non‐destructive testing ‐ Penetrant testing – Part 5: Penetrant testing at temperatures higher
than 50 degrees C
[9] ISO 3452‐6, Non‐destructive testing ‐ Penetrant testing – Part 6: Penetrant testing at temperatures lower
than 10 degrees C
[9] ISO 12706, Non-destructive testing - Penetrant testing – Vocabulary
[10] ISO 23277, Non‐destructive testing of welds – Penetrant testing of welds – Acceptance levels
Magnetic Testing
[1] ISO 3058, Non‐destructive testing – Aids to visual inspection – Selection and low‐power magnifiers
[2] ISO 3059, Non‐destructive testing ‐ Penetrant testing and magnetic particle testing – Viewing conditions
[3] ISO 9934‐1, Magnetic particle testing – Part 1: General principles
[4] ISO 9934‐2, Magnetic particle testing – Part 2: Detection media
[5] ISO 9934‐3, Magnetic particle testing – Part 3: General principles
[6] ISO 10893-3, Non-destructive test of steel tubes – Part 3: Automated full peripheral flux leakage testing of
seamless and welded (except submerged arc-welded) ferromagnetic steel tubes for the detection of
longitudinal and/or transverse imperfections
[7] ISO 11960, Petroleum and natural gas industries – Steel pipes for use as casing and tubing for wells
[8] ISO 12707, Magnetic particle testing – Vocabulary
[9] ISO 17638, Non‐destructive testing of welds – Magnetic particle testing
[10] EN 1369, Founding – Magnetic particle testing
[11] EN 10228-1, Non-destructive testing of steel forgings — Part 1: Magnetic particle inspection
[12] ASTM E570, Standard Practice for Flux Leakage Examination of Ferromagnetic Steel Tubular Products
[13] ASTM E1571, Standard Practice for Electromagnetic Examination of Ferromagnetic Steel Wire Rope
Leak Testing
[1] ISO 3530, Mass‐spectrometer‐type leak‐detector calibration
[2] EN 1330‐8, Non‐destructive testing – Terminology – Part 8: Terms used in leak tightness testing
[3] EN 1593, Non-destructive testing — Leak testing — Bubble emission techniques
[4] EN 1779, Non-destructive testing — Leak testing — Criteria for method and technique selection
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved ccxxix

[5] EN 13184, Non-destructive testing — Leak testing — Pressure change method
[6] EN 13185, Non-destructive testing — Leak testing — Tracer gas method
[7] EN 13192, Non-destructive testing – Leak testing – Calibration of reference leaks for gases
[7] EN 13625, Non-destructive testing — Leak test — Guide to the selection of instrumentation for the
measurement of gas leakage
Acoustic Emission Testing
[1] ISO 12713, Non-destructive testing – Acoustic emission inspection – Primary calibration of transducers
[3] ISO 12716, Non-destructive testing – Acoustic emission inspection – Vocabulary
[4] ISO 18249, Non-destructive testing – Acoustic emission testing – Specific methodology and general
evaluation criteria for testing of fibre-reinforced polymers
[5) ISO/TR 13115, Non-destructive testing – Methods for absolute calibration of acoustic emission transducers
by the reciprocity technique
[6] ISO 18081, Non-destructive testing – Acoustic emission testing (AT) – Leak detection by means of acoustic
emission
[7] EN 13477-1, Non-destructive testing — Acoustic emission — Equipment characterization — Part 1:

Equipment description
[8] EN 13477-2, Non-destructive testing — Acoustic emission — Equipment characterization — Part 2:

Verification of operating characteristic
[9] EN 13554, Non-destructive testing — Acoustic emission — General principles
Visual Testing
[1] ISO 3057, Non-destructive testing – Metallographic replica techniques of surface examination
[2] ISO 3058, Non-destructive testing — Aids to visual inspection — Selection of low-power magnifiers
[3] ISO 5817, Welding – Fusion-welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys (beam welding
excluded) – Quality levels for imperfections
[4] ISO 6520-1, Welding and allied processes – Classification of geometric imperfections in metallic materials
– Part 1: Fusion welding
[5] ISO 8785, Geometrical Product Specification (GPS) – Surface imperfections – terms, definitions and
parameters
[6] ISO 10042, Welding – Arc-welded joints in aluminum and its alloys – Quality levels for imperfections
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved ccxxx

[7] ISO 17635, Non-destructive testing of welds – General rules for metallic materials
[8] ISO 17637, Non-destructive testing – Visual testing of fusion-welded joints (ISO 17637: 2003)
[9] EN 1330-10, Non-destructive testing – Terminology – Part 10: Terms used in visual testing
[10] EN 1370, Founding, Examination of surface condition
[11] EN 1559, Founding – Technical conditions of delivery – Part 1: General
[12] EN 10163-1, Delivery requirements for surface condition of hot-rolled steel plates, wide flats and sections –
Part 1: General requirements
Part 2: Plate and wide flats
Part 3: Sections
[15] EN 13018, Non-destructive testing -Visual testing — General principles
[16] EN 13445-5, Unfired pressure vessels – Part 5: Inspection and testing
[17] EN 13480-5, Metallic industrial piping – Part 5: Inspection and testing
[18] EN 13927, Non-destructive testing — Visual testing — Equipment
[19] ASME Code
[20] KTA Code
Infrared Thermography Testing
[1] ISO 10878, Non‐destructive testing – Infrared thermography ‐ Vocabulary
Strain Gauge Testing
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved ccxxxi

© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved ccxxxii
TECHNICAL WD/TR
REPORT 25108
Non-destructive testing — Guidelines for

NDT personnel training organizations
Essais non destructifs — Lignes directrices pour les organismes de
formation du personnel END
Reference number
ISO/TR 25108:2006(E)
© ISO
ISO/TR 25108:2006(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that
which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may decide by a
simple majority vote of its participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely
informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no
longer valid or useful.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/TR 25108 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 135, Non-destructive testing, Subcommittee SC Commented [SB1]: Revise to ISO standard
7, Personnel qualification in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical
Committee CEN/TC 138, Non-destructive testing, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation
between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
?? Commented [SB2]: Update with revision details
?? Commented [SB3]: New statement required
ii © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

WDISO/TR 25108:2006(E)
Introduction
With this Technical Report, ISO/TC 135 and CEN/TC 138 present to the worldwide non-destructive testing Commented [SB4]: Update based on the final status of the
(NDT) community their recommendations for the minimum technical knowledge to be required of NDT document (remains a technical document or is confirmed as an
personnel. These recommendations provide a means for evaluating and documenting the competence of ISO standards)
personnel whose duties demand the appropriate theoretical and practical knowledge.
As part of the efforts to streamline and harmonize the training and certification of NDT personnel, ISO/TC 135
and CEN/TC 138 have been actively involved in developing guidelines for training syllabuses (ISO/TR 25107)
and for NDT training organizations (this Technical Report). These documents are intended to serve those
involved in training and to be useful in achieving a uniform level of training material and — consequently — in
the competence of personnel.
This document, together with ISO/TR 25107, represents two years of effort for working groups of the two
technical committees in the promotion of harmonization and mutual recognition of minimum requirements
taken from the different existing certification schemes.
The content of this first edition has been based on the experience of the experts as well as on comments from
the end-user industries, as well as the most recent edition of the International Committee for Non-destructive
testing (ICNDT) recommended guidelines.
The time allotment for the different topics takes into account the latest developments in each method and, as
a consequence, the total duration can be sometimes greater than the minimum duration required by ISO 9712
and EN 473.
This Technical Report is to be revised in the coming years in order to maintain a workable document in line
with the development of NDT methods and techniques.
ISO/TC 135 and CEN/TC 138 wish to express their appreciation to all those who contributed to the production
of this publication.

ISO/TR 25108:2006(E)
Non-destructive testing — Guidelines for NDT personnel

training organizations
1 Scope
This Technical Report gives guidelines for non-destructive testing (NDT) training organizations, with the Commented [SB5]: Change to international standard
intention of harmonizing and maintaining the general standard of training of NDT personnel for industrial
needs.
It also establishes the minimum requirements for effective structured training of NDT personnel to ensure
eligibility for qualification examinations leading to third-party certification according to recognized standards.
NOTE ISO/TR 25107 gives associated guidelines for NDT training syllabuses intended for training courses. Commented [SB6]: Change to ISO standard numbering
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/TS 18173, Non-destructive testing – General terms and definitions
ISO 9712 (all relevant parts), Non-destructive testing – qualification and certification of personnel
ISO/TR 25107, Non-destructive testing – Guidelines for NDT training syllabuses
3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/TS 18173 and ISO 9712 apply.
3.1
Course notes
Supplied and produced by the organization in either paper or electronic format (e.g. course manual or
powerpoint presentation, assignments, lab exercises, quizzes etc.)
3.2
Course outline
Contractual document between the organization and students that includes a high level overview of what will
be taught.
3.3
Curriculum
A detailed plan of study prepared by the training organization which describes the aims, academic content,
learning outcomes, teaching and learning methods, and assessment processes for the lessons and academic
content taught in a specific course.
3.4
Distance education
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

WDISO/TR 25108:2006(E)
Any mode of delivery which occurs when there is a separation between the instructor and the student.
4 General
A planned and systematic training process can make an important contribution in helping a training
organization to improve its capabilities and to meet its objectives.
For selecting and implementing training to address gaps between required and existing competence
requirements, training organizations should1 monitor the following stages:
a) defining training needs

b) designing and planning training
c) providing training
d) evaluating the outcome of training
Training curriculum’s should2 be developed to establish a clear understanding of the training objectives and
the learning outcomes that define what the trainee will be able to achieve as a result of the training and to
ensure that the basic knowledge required by students in continuing to fulfil their training needs is met.
This may3 include initial training in areas such as math, materials & processes and safety.
Training objectives should4 be based on the expected competence as developed for the training needs in
order to ensure the effective delivery of training and should consider the following:
a) training needs
b) trainees
c) training methods
d) outline of content
e) lesson plans
f) duration
g) resources required
h) delivery mode
Criteria for evaluating the training outcomes and monitoring the training process should be defined
4 Training organization management

The training organization should5 appoint a person to be responsible for the overall management of the
training centre and courses.
A person should6 also be appointed to be responsible for establishing a quality management system covering
all aspects of the training services provided.
5 Quality management system

The training organization should7 have a suitable quality management system which is documented and
ensures the effective delivery of the training requirements.
Example: A documented quality management system based on ISO 9001 would be one method of
satisfying this requirements.
The system should8 be controlled and periodically reviewed according to the stipulations in the quality
management system.
Where the competence of an individual is based on appropriate education, training, skills and experience, the
training organization should9

ISO/TR 25108:2006(E)
 determine the necessary competence for personnel performing work affecting the NDT training
quality,
 provide training or take other actions to satisfy these needs, and
 evaluate the effectiveness of the action taken,
6 Induction of candidates
The training organization should10 provide all information and conditions necessary for attendance in the
training courses.
For example, a system of induction should11 ensure that, upon receipt of an application for training, candidates
are provided with unambiguous information/instructions on the following:
 Prior knowledge requirements (i.e. math, materials and processes, radiation safety)
 Training course fees, including all that is covered by the fees, and methods of payment (there should12 be
no hidden extras requiring further payments, and a schedule of course fees should be published).
 Dates and times for course attendance, and clear instructions concerning the location of the training
venue.
 Transport (including information on parking), accommodation and catering arrangements.
 NDT equipment required to be provided by the candidate, and/or details of the NDT equipment provided
by the training organization.
 Personal protective equipment, if required, and details of the essential safety requirements pertaining to
the training venue, especially where the training course includes the use of ionizing radiation or
substances hazardous to health.
 Any textbooks that the student is required to provide.
 The name and contact information of a training organization representative from whom additional
information can be obtained prior to or during the training course.
7 Candidate assessment
A system of ongoing assessment of candidates should13 be used to ensure that the learning progress of the
individual candidate is monitored, and which results in counselling for those candidates that fail to achieve the
required standard at any point during the course.
Good
On-going
Training
Assessment
Poor

WDISO/TR 25108:2006(E)
The training organization should14 have a system in place to ensure every effort is made for safeguarding the
integrity of training course examinations no matter what training format is use (Annex B provides guidance on
distance learning).
A traceable statement of completion of training should15 be issued, including the list of trainers, following final
evaluation.
8 Training curriculum and course notes

The training organization should16 publish and make freely available upon request a training course outline
for each course offered. This outline should cover the relevant elements of the syllabus referenced in ISO
9712.
The training curriculum should17 be designed to balance both theoretical and practical elements. For levels
1&2 training organizations should18 dedicate (50 +/- 10)% of the minimum training requirement to practical
exercises.
Distance educational courses should be supplemented with additional practical laboratory exercises (50 +/-
10)%.
The training organization should maintain a master set of training course notes bearing a revision date, to
ensure consistency between courses in the event of staff changes. The master set should19 be reviewed
periodically and revised as necessary in light of changes to the referenced syllabus and applicable standards.
Each candidate should20 be provided with a comprehensive set of appropriate course notes.
9 Facilities
The training environment should21 comply with all applicable health and safety legislation. Personal protective
equipment should be provided if candidates are not advised to provide this for themselves. Equipment
provided by candidates should be verified as suitable by the responsible course instructor.
Classrooms and practical facilities should22 be well lit and ventilated, and there should be adequate provision
of teaching aids.
10 Training specimens
Training specimens, including radiographs, should23 be available in sufficient quantity and complexity to cover
the full range of NDT methods and techniques encompassed by the training course syllabuses.
Specimens should24 be available containing real or artificial discontinuities representative of those found in the
field (not applicable to Strain Gauge Testing).
The position and characterization of all real or artificial discontinuities, relevant to the NDT method/technique
within each specimen should25 be recorded in a report (not applicable to Strain Gauge Testing).
11 NDT equipment — General

Appropriate NDT equipment; including NDT instruments, accessories, calibration blocks, should26 be available
in sufficient quantities that would provide each student with the opportunity to complete all exercises
individually with a minimum of two students working on the same exercise at the same time (see Annex A).
There should27 be a documented system for maintenance and calibration of NDT equipment, including records.
12 Technical library
The NDT and product standards relevant to the courses should28 be available to the students.
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved v

ISO/TR 25108:2006(E)
Relevant technical publications covering the training syllabus should29 also be available.
Relevant certification scheme documents should30 be included in this library and made known to the students.
13 Training staff
There should31 be sufficient training staff available to ensure that a minimum of one trained and appropriately
qualified instructor is present and available to candidates at all times whilst the course is in progress.
Training staff should32 be appropriately qualified for the NDT method and sector that the course covers, and
this qualification should34 be at the appropriate level.
Training staff should35 be familiar with the course outline and curriculum requirements, various training
systems, and be able transfer knowledge in and effective means.
The training organization is responsible to ensure that the instructor’s NDT and product knowledge is current
and maintained up to date.
Class sizes should36 be limited to 10 students for each instructor during practical laboratory exercises unless
supported by additional training staffing.
14 Training records
There should37 be a system for raising and maintaining training records, which should38 be kept secure and
confidential.
 Student’s records should39 include:
1) names and contact details for all students,
2) start, duration and completion dates of training,
3) results of student assessment,
4) training history, and
5) trainers involved for each candidate.
 Staff records should40 include:
1) background and experience,
2) qualifications,
3) certification,
4) formal training and updating, and
5) evaluation of the training provided by the individuals (i.e. periodic monitoring of delivery).

WDISO/TR 25108:2006(E)
Annex A
(informative)
Guidelines for NDT training organization on recommended holdings
NDT equipment should41 be available for the full range of NDT techniques, within the scope of the NDT
method and techniques being taught (paragraph 11).
a) Ultrasonic testing (UT):
UT Equipment
- Ultrasonic Flaw detector/scope with adjustable repetition rate and pulse length – Freq. 1-10MHz
minimum
- Thickness step wedge (.100 -.500 in .1 increments)
- IIW block (steel – type 1 or 2)
- Set of Distance/Area amplitude blocks
- Resolution Block
- DSC or Mini-angle beam block
- Transducers 2.25 or 5MHz, 45, 60 and 70 degrees (1/2” Dia)
- Transducers 2.25 or 5MHz, 45, 60 and 70 degrees (1/4” Dia)
- Transducer: ¾” dia., 2.25 MHz
- Transducer: ½” dia., 5 MHz
- Transducer: ¼” dia., 10 MHz
- Transducer: ¼”x1/4” dia., 5 MHz alpha (highly dampened for thickness). Pitch-catch
- Commercial grade water-soluble couplant
Optional
- Lab scanner with tuntable (any brand)/manipulator tube; 2 degrees of freedom/rollers for back
shock
- Transducer: ½” dia. 5 MHz unfocused, immersion
- Portable Immersion Tank (14”x18”x12”) with manipulator
TOFD
- TOFD data collection instrument

- Computer with software to interact with the TOFD instrument, read the data and evaluate the
results
- TOFD scanner including probe and encoder
- Transducers with matching wedges to produce center beam refracted angles
- Calibration blocks
- Cables for all parts of the equipment
- Water-based couplant
Phased Array
- UT Phased Array (PA) data collection instruments

- Transducer sets for each PA instrument with sufficient elements and frequencies
- Appropriate wedges and adaptors
- PA scanner including probe and encoder
- Computer with software to interact with the TOFD instrument, read the data and evaluate the
results
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved vii

ISO/TR 25108:2006(E)
- Calibration blocks
- Cables for all parts of the equipment
- Water-based couplant
b) Radiographic testing (RT):
 at least one X-ray tube with a kilovolt range appropriate to the materials to be tested;
 for gamma radiography (where appropriate), an Iridium 192 source, with suitable container and
projection mechanism;
 an X-ray beam centring device;
 a range of image quality indicators (IQI);
 lead letters and numbers;
 blocking-off compounds and liquids;
 copper and lead filters;
 densitometer;
 film viewers, including at least one high intensity viewer;
 radiation monitor;
 stepped blocks for making exposure curves;
 calliper or other device for measuring material thickness
 separate darkrooms for film processing and film preparation/viewing;
 viewing aids, such as magnifiers;
 a manual or automatic processing unit incorporating thermostatically controlled developing tank, stop
bath, rinsing, fixing and washing tanks;
 thermostatically controlled drying cabinet;
 viewer;
 channel and clip type film hangers in the common sizes (manual processing);
 lead and/or calcium tungstate screens in the common sizes;
 flexible and rigid type cassettes;
 darkroom timer (manual processing;
 safelights;
 trimmer to accommodate largest size of films (if required);

WDISO/TR 25108:2006(E)
 materials for masking and collimation
 CR System (RT-D only)
 DDA (RT-D and RT-S only)
 X-ray image intensifier (RT-S only)
 Personal computer image processing software (RT-D and RT-S only), which permits the following
functions; input of different test objects, selection and positioning of image quality indicators,
radiation sources, exposure geometry; detectors (DDA, CR, Film), spatial resolution (pixel size,
photon noise, efficiency), attenuation law and build up factor, data formats for input of CAD files,
output 16-bit image data in TIFF, DICONDE or RAW
c) Eddy current testing (ET):
 Standard single frequency impedance plane instrument with either one analogue meter display
instrument or a corresponding digital version;
 where training incorporates bolt hole testing, one dynamic rotating probe assembly and compatible
instrument;
 where training is offered for multi frequency boiler tube inspection, one dual frequency impedance
plane instrument suitable for testing of the samples held;
 absolute and differentially wound standard and shielded pencil and spade probes, suitable for testing
ferritic and austenitic steels and aluminium alloys;
 selection of encircling, internal, bolthole and comparative coil types as deemed appropriate for the
testing requirements;
 calibration blocks, appropriate to all probe and material types as applicable;
 where training is offered for specific components, i.e. automated/semi-automated testing of steel
tubes/condenser tubes, coils/probes and test equipment together with reference test pieces
containing relevant holes/notches must be available.
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved ix

ISO/TR 25108:2006(E)
d) Magnetic particle testing (MT):
 a 1500 A bench or freestanding transformer with a.c or d.c. output (or half wave rectified a.c.) with a
current flow adapter and prods, magnetic flux flow adapter and an ink reservoir with feed;
 a.c/d.c ammeter
 a.c./d.c. electromagnetic yokes with articulated legs and pole pieces;
 permanent magnets with pole piece adapters suitable for all applications;
 various rigid and flexible coils, threading bars etc.;
 inspection area or booth equipped with black out facilities for visible and UV(A) viewing of samples;
 independent or combined photometer & radiometer for measuring the intensity of visible and black
light;
 demagnetizing equipment;
 flux measuring and comparison gauges to standard recommendations;
 Sutherland flask or Crowe receiver for measuring solid content of magnetic ink;
 powder dispensers;
 supplies of detection media including non-fluorescent, fluorescent and dry powder;
 artificially or naturally cracked blocks/specimens for performance checking.
e) Penetrant testing (PT):
 an effective component cleaning/degreasing facility for thorough cleaning of specimens;
 a penetrant line comprising
i) water washable penetrant tank;
ii) post emulsifiable penetrant tank;
iii) emulsifier tank;
iv) water rinsing station with spray nozzle;
v) drying station;
vi) dust storm cabinet;
 aerosol liquid penetrant inspection kits comprising
i) penetrant remover/degreaser,
ii) fluorescent penetrant,
iii) colour contrast dye penetrant, and
iv) developer;
 inspection area or booth equipped with black out facilities for visible and UV(A) viewing of samples;

WDISO/TR 25108:2006(E)
 independent or combined photometer and radiometer for measuring the intensity of visible and black
light;
 artificial flaws (TAM panel) or other means of process control of penetrant line.
f) Visual testing (VT):
 surface table (of suitable size for largest measurement);
 V blocks;
 block mounted pointers/sensors.
 i) Leak testing (LT):
 pressure pump
 vacuum pump
 pressure gauge
 vacuum box
 illuminometer
 differential pressure decay leak tester
 calibrated leak calibration block
 helium leak detector
 ultrasonic leak detector
 ultraviolet lamp
 capillary leak
j) Acoustic emission testing (AT): Commented [SB7]: Equipment Requirements
(Austria to draft)
k) Infrared Thermographic testing (TT):
- infrared thermographic instrument, with 320 x 240 pixel array, thermal sensitivity 80 mk, lens and
adjustable focus, adjustability for emissivity, transmissivity and background radiation settings.
- thermometer/hygrometer
- moisture meter
- Clamp meter
- digital camera, with picture in picture function
- reference thermocouple with digital readout
l) Strain gauge testing (ST): Commented [SB8]: Equipment Requirements
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xi

ISO/TR 25108:2006(E)
 (Dr. Ooka to draft)
g) Other equipment:
In addition, the following should be provided in adequate quantities (dependent on the number of
trainees):
 squares, rules, protractors;
 micrometers;
 verniers;
 external callipers;
 dial reading bore gauge;
 hand magnifiers (2, 5);
 loupes with metric scales no greater than 7;
 mirrors of various sizes up to 50 mm diameter with fixed and articulating heads;
 light sources – penlights, flashlights, customized sources for power endoscope and fiberscope;
 indirect viewer, either fiberscope or endoscope with various direction of view;
 photometer;
 weld gauges, weld profiles, surface comparator.
 Portable and/or stationary blacklight housing

WDISO/TR 25108:2006(E)
ANNEX B
(informative)
Distance Education
Definition e-learning
Support of learning processes by means of electronical or digital information and communication technologies.
Examples include, computer-based training, blended learning, distance-learning, and web-based training.
ISO 9712 and the use of e-learning
ISO 9712:2012, 8.3.4.1, explicitly allows for the use of e-assessment systems for the general and specific
examination.
The use of e-learning systems for training is not mentioned but not excluded as well.
So it could be used if all requirements for training as defined in ISO 9712 are fulfilled:
- Training courses have to fulfil a syllabus approved by the certification body
- The candidate shall provide documentary evidence, acceptable to the certifying body, that he has
satisfactorily completed a course of training
- Training has to be related to method and level for which the certification is sought
- Training hours included both practical and theoretical courses
The full replacement of practical training by e-learning is not possible.
Basic requirements on an e-learning system in NDT
The learning content should be defined in accordance with the training syllabus and to follow its updates.
The content should be divided into chapters. The average time, needed to complete a chapter, should be in
accordance with the recommendations of ISO TR 25107. The content has to be adjusted to the learning
environment of the platform/webpage.
The e-learning system and its content have to be approved by the certification body.
The system has to support the placement of course materials online and to associating students with courses.
The indentity, activity and performance of the participant needs to be tracked and stored. Regular
checkpoints and the performance based activation of content are tools to support these requirements.
Participants need to have access to a communication with an instructor to gain help, solve problems and
answer questions.
Participants who successfully complete the course have to be provided with a personalized document stating
their participation.
Quality assurance for e-learning systems
There are different dimensions of quality in e-learning systems. One dimension is the pedagogical approach
of delivering the content in a way that the transfer to the leaner is optimized and useable.
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xiii

ISO/TR 25108:2006(E)
The second dimension is the quality of the system. It should be well documented, auditable and updateable.
The access to content should be well structured, a rights administration should exist.
The design of the system should follow a common standard of reference model like SCORM (Sharable
Content Object Reference Model).

WDISO/TR 25108:2006(E)
Bibliography
[1] ISO 9001, Quality management systems — Requirements
[2] ISO 9712, Non-destructive testing — Qualification and certification of NDT personnel
[3] ISO/TR 25107, Non-destructive testing — Guidelines for NDT training syllabuses
© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xv

ISO-TC135-SC7-WG9 N0024 Review of ISO TR 25107 ISO TR 2510

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

ISO-TC135-SC7-WG9 N0024 Review of ISO TR 25107 ISO TR 2510

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

ISO/TC 135/SC 7/WG 9 N 24

ISO/TC 135/SC 7/WG 9

Review of ISO TR 25107 & ISO TR 25108

Date of document: 2016-03-15

Expected action: COMM

Action due date: 2016-05-30

Committee URL: http://isotc.iso.org/livelink/livelink/open/tc135sc7wg9

JENNIFER JIMENEZ Tel.: (873) 469-3225

March 14, 2016 ISO/TC 135/SC 7/WG 9 N24

Dear Members of SC7/WG 9,

ISO TR 25108 – summary of changes to date:

 Par 2 ‐ EN standards have been replaced with ISO standards

TR 25108 is currently written in non-mandatory language (ie.“should” and “may”) which is

Shall: indicates a requirement

c.c: ISO/TC 135 Chair, Dr. Norikazu Ooka

© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved i

© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved iii

© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved iv

© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved v

ISO/TS 18173, Non‐destructive testing – General terms and definitions

3 Terms and definitions

ISO 9712, Non‐destructive testing – qualification and certification of personnel

ISO/TS 18173, Non‐destructive testing – General terms and definitions

ISO 12716, Non‐destructive testing – Acoustic emission inspection ‐‐ Vocabulary

ISO 12706, Non‐destructive testing – Penetrant Testing – Vocabulary

ISO 5577, Non‐destructive testing – Ultrasonic inspection – Vocabulary

ISO 10878, Non‐destructive testing – Infrared thermography—Vocabulary

© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved vi

4.2 Task of NDT personnel

4.3 Levels of competence

© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved vii

‐ Acquire a general knowledge of topic areas

‐ Attain a sound understanding of concepts and principles

‐ Attain an in‐depth understanding of concepts and principles

4.4 History of NDT

© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved viii

4.5 Terminology of NDT

4.6 General environmental and safety considerations

 environmental conditions (heat, cold, humidity);

 toxicity (NDT materials, tested products, atmosphere);

 radiation safety (NDT materials, products, local regulations);

 electrical safety (NDT equipment, lethal voltages, EMC);

 potential for injury to personnel (working at height or in other dangerous environments);

 personal protection equipment (clothing, radiation dosimeters).

 Pressure test safety

© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved ix

Content Level 1 Level 2 Level 3

5.12 Forging (all types of forgings: ferrous and nonferrous materials

5.16 Composite materials

© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved x

© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xi

RT‐F (Film) RT – D (Digital) RT‐S (Radioscopy)

Who may carry out NDT? X X c) X X c) X X c)

Main NDT Methods X X c) X X c) X X c)

Dose rate constant X X X

© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xii

RT‐F (Film) RT – D (Digital) RT‐S (Radioscopy)

Relevant Standards See Annex B X X X X X X

5.2 Structure of the atom X X X X X X X X X

© ISO 2006 – All rights reserved xiii

RT‐F (Film) RT – D (Digital) RT‐S (Radioscopy)

Dose rate constant X X X X X X

HVL, TVL and attenuation law X X X X X X X X X