List of infectious diseases

This is a list of infectious diseases arranged by name, along with the infectious agents that cause them, the vaccines that can prevent or cure them when they exist
and their current status.

List
Infectious agent Common name Signs and symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Current status Vaccin

Blood infection: Fever,

chills, vomiting,
confusion
Acinetobacter baumannii Acinetobacter infections Urinary tract infection: Culture Supportive care No
bloody urine, cloudy
urine
Pneumonia: Fever,
chills, coughing

Actinomyces israelii,
Actinomyces
Penicillin, doxycycline, and
gerencseriae and Actinomycosis Painful abscesses Histologic findings No
sulfonamides
Propionibacterium
propionicus

high fever that lasts 4–

6 days
pharyngitis (sore throat)
conjunctivitis (inflamed
eyes, usually without
pus formation like pink Antigen detection,
Most infections are mild and
eye) polymerase chain reaction Und
Adenoviridae Adenovirus infection require no therapy or only
assay, virus isolation, and resear
enlargement of the symptomatic treatment.
serology
lymph nodes of the
neck
headache, malaise, and
weakness
Incubation period of 5–
9 days

Fexinidazole by mouth or
Hemolymphatic phase: pentamidine by injection for T. Undergoing
Fever, b. gambiense. worldwide
Identification of elimination as a
African sleeping lymphadenopathy trypanosomes in a sample Und
Trypanosoma brucei sickness (African Suramin by injection is public health
Neurological phase: by microscopic resear
trypanosomiasis) problem and
Sleep disorders, examination used for T. b. regional
neurological symptoms, rhodesiense
psychiatric symptoms control[2]

Treatment is typically a non-

nucleoside reverse
AIDS (acquired
HIV (Human Antibody test, p24 antigen transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) Und
immunodeficiency Opportunistic infections
immunodeficiency virus) test, PCR plus two nucleoside analog resear
syndrome)
reverse transcriptase inhibitors
(NRTIs)
Those with symptoms require
treatment with an amoebicidal
tissue-active agent and a
Entamoeba histolytica Amoebiasis Most are asymptomatic. Microscopy luminal cysticidal agent. No
Individuals that are
asymptomatic only need a
luminal cysticidal agent.

Tetracycline drugs (including

Fever, leukopenia,
Anaplasma species Anaplasmosis abnormally elevated levels
of liver enzymes
tetracycline, chlortetracycline,
indirect
oxytetracycline,
immunofluorescence No
rolitetracycline, doxycycline,
antibody assay for IgG
and minocycline) and
imidocarb

Abdominal pain, nausea,

vomiting, and weakness, Lumbar puncture, brain
Angiostrongylus Angiostrongyliasis Albendazole No
fever, central nervous imaging, serology
system (CNS) symptoms
Gastroscopic examination,
Severe abdominal pain,
Anisakis Anisakiasis or histopathologic Albendazole No
malnutrition, and vomiting
examination

Large doses of intravenous

boil-like skin lesion that
Bacillus anthracis Anthrax eventually forms an ulcer
with a black center (eschar)
and oral antibiotics, such as
fluoroquinolones
Culture, PCR Yes
(ciprofloxacin), doxycycline,
erythromycin, vancomycin, or
penicillin

erythromycin (proposed as the

Arcanobacterium Arcanobacterium Head and neck infections, Culture in human blood first-line drug), clindamycin,
No
haemolyticum haemolyticum infection pharyngitis, and sinusitis agar plates gentamicin, and
cephalosporins
Fever, headache, loss of
Argentine hemorrhagic
Junin virus appetite, vomiting, if left Yes
fever
untreated: organ failur

Ascaris lumbricoides Ascariasis Migrating larvae, intestinal Fecal smear Albendazole, mebendazole, No
blockage, and bowel levamisole and pyrantel
 obstruction pamoate

Voriconazole and liposomal

Aspergillus species Aspergillosis Hemoptysis, chest pain
Diarrhoea, followed by
nausea, vomiting, fever,
Astroviridae species Astrovirus infection
malaise and abdominal
pain
Chest X-ray and CT,
amphotericin B in combination No
microscopy by silver stains
with surgical debridement
Electron microscopy,
enzyme-immunoassay
(ELISA), Supportive care No
immunofluorescence, and
polymerase chain reaction

Atovaquone and azithromycin.

Fever and hemolytic Giemsa-stained thin-film In life-threatening cases,
Babesia species Babesiosis No
anemia blood smear exchange transfusion is
performed.

Bacillus cereus Nausea, vomiting, and

Bacillus cereus Culture Vancomycin No
infection diarrhea
Lumbar puncture
neck stiffness, sudden high (contraindicated if there is
multiple bacteria Bacterial meningitis fever, and altered mental a mass in the brain or the Antibiotics No
status intracranial pressure is
elevated), CT or MRI

Fever, rigors, cough, and Sputum Gram stain and

multiple bacteria Bacterial pneumonia Antibiotics No
runny nose, chest pain culture, Chest radiography

Increased vaginal
List of bacterial
Bacterial vaginosis discharge that usually Gram stain and whiff test Metronidazole or clindamycin No
vaginosis microbiota
smells like fish
Bacteroides species Bacteroides infection No

Intermittent diarrhea,
constipation, vomiting,
microscopic examination of
abdominal pain, anorexia, Tetracycline, metronidazole or
Balantidium coli Balantidiasis stools, or colonoscopy or No
weight loss, headache, iodoquinol
sigmoidoscopy
colitis, and marked fluid
loss

Carrión's disease, trench

fever, cat-scratch disease,
bacillary angiomatosis,
microscopy, serology, and
Bartonella Bartonellosis peliosis hepatis, chronic Antibiotics No
PCR
bacteremia, endocarditis,
chronic lymphadenopathy,
and neurological disorders
Baylisascaris species Baylisascaris infection No

usually asymptomatic;
BK virus BK virus infection No
fever, difficulty urinating

formation of nodules on the Antifungal shampoos such as

Piedraia hortae Black piedra scalp, moustache and Stain or culture pyrithione zinc, formaldehyde No
pubic hair and salicylic acid
abdominal pain, itching,
microscopic examination of Lack of scientific study to
usually anal itching,
Blastocystis species Blastocystosis a chemically preserved support the efficacy of any No
constipation, diarrhea,
stool specimen particular treatment
watery or loose stool

fever, chills, arthralgia (joint

Blastomyces pain), myalgia (muscle KOH prep, cytology, or
Blastomycosis Itraconazole or ketoconazole No
dermatitidis pain), headache, and a histology
nonproductive cough

Headache, fever, myalgia,

Bolivian hemorrhagic external and internal
Machupo virus No
fever bleeding, convulsions,
tremors (1/3 of cases)
Clostridium botulinum;
Enzyme-linked
Note: Botulism is not an Double vision, drooping of
immunosorbent assays
infection by Clostridium Botulism (and Infant both eyelids, loss of facial Botulism antitoxin and
(ELISAs), No
botulinum but caused by botulism) expression and swallowing supportive care
electrochemiluminescent
the intake of botulinum problems
(ECL) tests
toxin.

Flushing of face and chest,

petechiae, bodily swelling
caused by edema, low
Brazilian hemorrhagic
Sabiá virus blood pressure, vomiting, No
fever
malaise, diarrhea, capillary
bleeding, hypocoagulability
(severe cases)
fevers, sweating (often with
characteristic foul, moldy
Tetracyclines, rifampicin, and
smell sometimes likened to
Brucella species Brucellosis Culture the aminoglycosides Yes
wet hay), and migratory
streptomycin and gentamicin
arthralgia and myalgia (joint
and muscle pain)

Aminoglycosides such as
streptomycin and gentamicin, Und
Chills, malaise, high fever,
Yersinia pestis Bubonic plague Culture tetracyclines (especially
muscle cramps, seizures resear
doxycycline), and the
fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin

usually Burkholderia Burkholderia infection No

cepacia and other
Burkholderia species

The most widely used

antibiotic regimen is once
Mycobacterium ulcerans Buruli ulcer Swollen bump real-time PCR No
daily oral rifampicin plus twice
daily oral clarithromycin.
Calicivirus infection
Vomiting, diarrhea,
Caliciviridae species (Norovirus and No
stomach pain
Sapovirus)

Fever, headache, and Erythromycin can be used in

Campylobacter species Campylobacteriosis myalgia, followed by Stool culture children, and tetracycline in No
diarrhea adults.

In oral candidiasis, simply

inspecting the person's
mouth for white patches
and irritation may make the
diagnosis.
usually Candida albicans
Candidiasis (Moniliasis; Redness, itching, and
and other Candida
Thrush) discomfort
Symptoms of vaginal Antifungal medications No
species candidiasis are
vaginal itching or
soreness, pain during
sexual intercourse

Intestinal disease by
Capillaria philippinensis,
hepatic disease by
Capillariasis No
Capillaria hepatica and
pulmonary disease by
Capillaria aerophila

Tooth pain, difficulty eating, Und

Streptococcus mutans Dental caries
discoloration, tooth loss resear

Fluoroquinolones (such as
Peripheral blood smear with ciprofloxacin) or
Fever, pale appearance,
Giemsa stain, Columbia chloramphenicol in adults and
malaise, painless liver
blood agar cultures, chloramphenicol plus beta-
Bartonella bacilliformis Carrion's disease enlargement, jaundice, No
immunoblot, indirect lactams in children are the
enlarged lymph nodes, and
immunofluorescence, and antibiotic regimens of choice
enlarged spleen
PCR during the acute phase of
Carrion's disease.

Malaise, decreased
Bartonella henselae Cat-scratch disease Polymerase chain reaction Azithromycin No
appetite, and aches
usually Group A Penicillinase-resistant
An area that is red, hot, By history and physical
Streptococcus and Cellulitis semisynthetic penicillin or a No
and painful examination
Staphylococcus first-generation cephalosporin

Microscopic examination of
fresh anticoagulated blood, Undergoing
Fever, malaise, headache, or its buffy coat, for motile Benznidazole and nifurtimox elimination of
Chagas disease
and enlargement of the parasites; or by preparation (though benznidazole is the human Und
Trypanosoma cruzi (American
liver, spleen, and lymph of thin and thick blood only drug available in most of transmissions researc
trypanosomiasis)
nodes smears stained with Latin America) and regional
Giemsa, for direct control[9]
visualization of parasites

The CDC recommendation is

Painful sores on the
Haemophilus ducreyi Chancroid
genitalia
nausea, loss of appetite,
aching muscles, and
Varicella zoster virus headache, followed by the
Chickenpox
(VZV) characteristic rash or oral
sores, malaise, and a low-
grade fever
either a single oral dose (1
gram) of azithromycin, a
single IM dose (250 mg) of
Clinical diagnosis ceftriaxone, oral (500 mg) of No
erythromycin three times a
day for seven days, or oral
(500 mg) of ciprofloxacin twice
a day for three days.
The diagnosis of
chickenpox is primarily
based on the signs and
symptoms, with typical
early symptoms followed
by a characteristic rash.
Confirmation of the Aciclovir Yes
diagnosis is by
examination of the fluid
within the vesicles of the
rash, or by testing blood for
evidence of an acute
immunologic response.

Laboratory criteria include a

decreased lymphocyte
count consistent with
sudden onset, combining viremia. However a Und
Alphavirus Chikungunya high fever, joint pain, and definitive laboratory Supportive care
rash diagnosis can be researc
accomplished through viral
isolation, RT-PCR, or
serological diagnosis.

Chlamydia trachomatis Chlamydia In women, those who have Nucleic acid amplification azithromycin, doxycycline, No
an asymptomatic infection tests (NAAT), such as erythromycin, levofloxacin or
that is not detected by their polymerase chain reaction ofloxacin
doctor, approximately half (PCR), transcription
 will develop pelvic mediated amplification
inflammatory disease (TMA), and the DNA strand
(PID), displacement amplification
(SDA)
In men, painful or
burning sensation
when urinating

Chlamydophila
pneumoniae infection
Chlamydophila
(Taiwan acute No
pneumoniae
respiratory agent or
TWAR)

Profuse diarrhea and A rapid dipstick test is

Vibrio cholerae Cholera oral rehydration therapy (ORT) Yes
vomiting of clear fluid available.

Usually, the infection

slowly spreads to the
Itraconazole, an antifungal
usually Fonsecaea surrounding tissue while microscopy (KOH
Chromoblastomycosis azole, is given orally, with or No
pedrosoi still remaining localized to scrapings)
without flucytosine.
the area around the original
wound.
Batrachochytrium
Chytridiomycosis No
dendrabatidis

Clonorchis sinensis Clonorchiasis No

diarrhea, recent antibiotic Colonoscopy or

Clostridium difficile exposure, abdominal pain, sigmoidoscopy, Vancomycin or fidaxomicin by
Clostridium difficile No
colitis fever, and a distinctive foul cytotoxicity assay, toxin mouth
odor ELISA
Coccidioides immitis and
Coccidioidomycosis No
Coccidioides posadasii

Colorado tick fever virus Colorado tick fever

No
(CTFV) (CTF)
Cough, runny nose,
Common cold (Acute
usually rhinoviruses and sneezing, nasal
viral rhinopharyngitis; Based on symptoms Supportive care No
coronaviruses congestion, and a sore
Acute coryza)
throat

Severe acute respiratory

Coronavirus disease Fever, cough, loss of taste
syndrome coronavirus 2 Yes
2019 (COVID-19) and smell
(SARS-CoV-2)

Fever, headache, sore Enterovirus infection is

throat, gastrointestinal diagnosed mainly via There is no well-accepted Und
Coxsackie B virus
Coxsackie B virus distress, extreme fatigue serological tests such as treatment for the Coxsackie B
infection researc
as well as chest and ELISA and from cell group of viruses.
muscle pain culture.
Creutzfeldt–Jakob Memory loss, behavioral
PRNP No
disease (CJD) changes, poor coordination

Crimean-Congo
Crimean-Congo
hemorrhagic fever No
hemorrhagic fever virus
(CCHF)

Cough, shortness of Intravenous Amphotericin B

Cryptococcus India ink of the
Cryptococcosis breath, chest pain and combined with flucytosine by No
neoformans cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
fever mouth
Gastrointestinal and
Cryptosporidium species Cryptosporidiosis No
respiratory symptoms

usually Ancylostoma
Cutaneous larva
braziliense; multiple No
migrans (CLM)
other parasites

Cyclospora
Cyclosporiasis No
cayetanensis
Taenia solium Cysticercosis No

Fatigue, swollen glands, Und

Cytomegalovirus Blood and urine tests, Cidofovir, foscarnet,
Cytomegalovirus fever, sore throat, muscle
infection biopsy ganciclovir, valganciclovir researc
aches

Dengue viruses (DEN-1, Sudden-onset fever,

Treatment depends on the
DEN-2, DEN-3 and DEN- Dengue fever headache, muscle and joint Clinical diagnosis Yes
symptoms.
4) – Flaviviruses pains, and a rash
Green algae
Desmodesmus infection No
Desmodesmus armatus

Dientamoeba fragilis Dientamoebiasis No

Corynebacterium Diphtheria fever of 38 °C (100.4 °F) or
diphtheriae above; chills; fatigue;
bluish skin coloration
(cyanosis); sore throat;
hoarseness; cough;
headache; difficulty
swallowing; painful
swallowing; difficulty
breathing; rapid breathing;
foul-smelling and
bloodstained nasal
Laboratory criteria Metronidazole, Erythromycin, Yes
Procaine penicillin G
Isolation of C.
diphtheriae culture
Histopathologic
diagnosis
Toxin demonstration
In vivo tests (guinea
pig inoculation)
 discharge; and In vitro test: Elek's gel
lymphadenopathy precipitation test, PCR,
ELISA, ICA

Clinical criteria

URT illness with sore

throat
Low-grade fever
An adherent, dense,
grey pseudomembrane
covering the posterior
aspect of the pharynx

Diphyllobothrium Diphyllobothriasis No

Undergoing
Burning pain, blister from
Dracunculus medinensis Dracunculiasis worldwide No
which worm emerges
eradication
High fever, muscle pain,
Corticosteroids,
altered mental status, Und
Eastern equine Eastern equine anticonvulsants, and
headache, meningeal Blood tests
encephalitis virus encephalitis (EEE) supportive measures (treating researc
irritation, photophobia, and
symptoms)
seizures

Flu-like symptoms, severe

Ebolavirus (EBOV) Ebola hemorrhagic fever internal and external Yes
bleeding
Surgical removal of the cysts
Echinococcus species Echinococcosis Imaging, Serology test No
combined with chemotherapy

Und
Ehrlichia species Ehrlichiosis
researc
Anal itching that gets
Enterobiasis (Pinworm
Enterobius vermicularis worse at night, disturbed No
infection)
sleep

Enterococcus species Enterococcus infection No

Enterovirus species Enterovirus infection No

Rickettsia prowazekii Epidemic typhus No

Erythema infectiosum
Parvovirus B19 No
(Fifth disease)

Human herpesvirus 6
Exanthem subitum
(HHV-6) and human No
(Sixth disease)
herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7)
Fasciola hepatica and
Fasciolasis No
Fasciola gigantica

Fasciolopsis buski Fasciolopsiasis No

Severe insomnia followed
Fatal familial insomnia
PRNP by dementia, No
(FFI)
hallucinations, and death

Filarioidea superfamily Filariasis No

Food poisoning by Diarrhea, vomiting, and

Clostridium perfringens Stool test Supportive care No
Clostridium perfringens fever
Free-living amebic
multiple No
infection

Fusobacterium species Fusobacterium infection No

usually Clostridium Gas gangrene Discoloration, large black

perfringens; other (Clostridial blisters, foul odor, pain and No
Clostridium species myonecrosis) numbness
Geotrichum candidum Geotrichosis No

Gerstmann-Sträussler-
PRNP Scheinker syndrome No
(GSS)

Treatment is not always

necessary. If medications are
Symptoms vary from none Detection of antigens on
needed, a nitroimidazole
Giardia lamblia Giardiasis to severe diarrhea with poor the surface of organisms in No
medication is used such as
absorption of nutrients. stool
metronidazole, tinidazole,
secnidazole or ornidazole.
Burkholderia mallei Glanders No

Gnathostoma spinigerum
and Gnathostoma Gnathostomiasis No
hispidum

Swelling, itching, pain, and Ceftriaxone by injection and Und

Neisseria gonorrhoeae Gonorrhea Gram stain and culture
the formation of pus azithromycin by mouth researc
Granuloma inguinale
Klebsiella granulomatis No
(Donovanosis)
Streptococcus pyogenes Group A streptococcal Culture Penicillin No
infection impetigo, cellulitis, and
erysipelas – infections
 of the skin which can
be complicated by
necrotizing fasciitis –
skin, fascia and muscle
strep throat AKA strep
pharyngitis – pharynx

Pneumonia: fever, lung

consolidation, pleural
effusion, tachypnea,
tachycardia, or
hypotension
Meningitis: fever,
confusion, hypotension,
headache, nuchal
rigidity, or changing
mental status
Bacteremia: fever,
murmur, evidence of an
embolic event,
hypotension, phlebitis,
tachycardia,
tachypnea,
Streptococcus Group B streptococcal splenomegaly, or
evidence of heart Gram stain Penicillin and ampicillin No
agalactiae infection
failure
Skin and soft tissue
infection, osteomyelitis,
septic arthritis, or
discitis: fever, cellulitis,
arthritis, arthralgia,
localized pain,
decubitus ulcer,
vascular insufficiency
of the lower extremity,
back pain, wound
infection, or neurologic
dysfunction
Urinary tract infection
or pelvic abscess:
fever, flank pain, pelvic
pain, or abdominal pain

In severe cases, cefotaxime

and ceftriaxone delivered
directly into the bloodstream
are the elected antibiotics,
Haemophilus influenzae and, for the less severe
Haemophilus influenzae Pain, fever Gram stain Yes
infection cases, an association of
ampicillin and sulbactam,
cephalosporins of the second
and third generation, or
fluoroquinolones are preferred.

A diagnosis usually can be Medications are usually not

made by the presenting
signs and symptoms alone.
Enteroviruses, mainly
Hand, foot and mouth If the diagnosis is unclear,
Coxsackie A virus and Fever, rash, small blisters
disease (HFMD) a throat swab or stool
enterovirus 71 (EV71)
specimen may be taken to
identify the virus by
culture.
needed as hand, foot, and
mouth disease is a viral
disease that typically resolves Und
on its own. Currently, there is research
no specific curative treatment
for hand, foot and mouth
disease.

Hantavirus Pulmonary
Sin Nombre virus No
Syndrome (HPS)
Heartland virus Heartland virus disease No

Helicobacter pylori
Helicobacter pylori Stomach ulcers No
infection

thrombocytopenia and
microangiopathic
hemolysis, plus one or
more of the following:
neurological symptoms
(e.g., confusion, cerebral First diagnosis of aHUS is
convulsions, seizures); often made in the context
renal impairment (e.g., of an initial, complement- Treatment involves supportive
Escherichia coli
Hemolytic-uremic elevated creatinine, triggering infection, and care and may include dialysis,
O157:H7, O111 and No
syndrome (HUS) decreased estimated Shiga-toxin has also been steroids, blood transfusions,
O104:H4
glomerular filtration rate implicated as a trigger that and plasmapheresis.
[eGFR], abnormal identifies patients with
urinalysis); and aHUS.
gastrointestinal (GI)
symptoms (e.g., diarrhea,
nausea/vomiting,
abdominal pain,
gastroenteritis).
Redness of cheeks and
HFRS is difficult to
nose, fever, chills, sweaty There is no cure for HFRS.
diagnose on clinical
Hemorrhagic fever with palms, diarrhea, malaise, Treatment involves supportive
Bunyaviridae species grounds alone and No
renal syndrome (HFRS) headaches, nausea, therapy including renal
serological evidence is
abdominal and back pain, dialysis.
often needed.
respiratory problems

Hendra virus Hendra virus infection No

 Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
Supportive care, liver
Hepatitis A virus Hepatitis A dark urine, jaundice, fever, Blood tests Yes
transplantation
abdominal pain
None, yellowish skin, Antiviral medication (tenofovir,
Hepatitis B virus Hepatitis B tiredness, dark urine, Blood tests interferon), liver Yes
abdominal pain transplantation

Blood testing for antibodies Antivirals (sofosbuvir, Und

Hepatitis C virus Hepatitis C Typically none
or viral RNA simeprevir, others) researc
Feeling tired, nausea and Antivirals, pegylated interferon
Hepatitis D Virus Hepatitis D Immunoglobulin G No
vomiting alpha

Hepatitis E virus Hepatitis E Nausea, jaundice Hepatitis E virus (HEV) Rest, ribavirin (if chronic) Yes

Herpes simplex virus 1 Aciclovir, valaciclovir,

Blisters on genitalia and Based on symptoms, PCR,
and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV- Herpes simplex
lips viral culture
2)
Histoplasmosis can be
diagnosed by samples
containing the fungus taken
from sputum (via
Nonspecific respiratory bronchoalveolar lavage),
Histoplasma capsulatum Histoplasmosis symptoms, often cough or blood, or infected organs. It
flu-like can also be diagnosed by
detection of antigens in
blood or urine samples by
ELISA or polymerase chain
reaction.
paracetamol (acetaminophen), No
topical lidocaine
In the majority of
immunocompetent individuals,
histoplasmosis resolves
without any treatment.
Antifungal medications are
used to treat severe cases of
acute histoplasmosis and all No
cases of chronic and
disseminated disease. Typical
treatment of severe disease
first involves treatment with
amphotericin B, followed by
oral itraconazole.

Ancylostoma duodenale Und

Hookworm infection
and Necator americanus researc

Human bocavirus Human bocavirus

No
(HBoV) infection

The diagnosis can be

confirmed by using PCR. A
Human ewingii Fever, headache, myalgias, peripheral blood smear can
Ehrlichia ewingii Doxycycline No
ehrlichiosis and malaise also be examined for
intracytoplasmic inclusions
called morulae.

fever
severe headache
muscle aches (myalgia)
chills and shaking,
similar to the
symptoms of influenza
Anaplasma Human granulocytic
nausea PCR Doxycycline No
phagocytophilum anaplasmosis (HGA)
vomiting
loss of appetite
unintentional weight
loss
abdominal pain
cough

Human Human
metapneumovirus metapneumovirus No
(hMPV) infection

Fever, headache, malaise,

Human monocytic
Ehrlichia chaffeensis and muscle aches PCR Doxycycline No
ehrlichiosis
(myalgia).
One of the human Human papillomavirus
Warts Yes
papillomaviruses (HPV) infection

Human parainfluenza Human parainfluenza Und

viruses (HPIV) virus infection research

Human T-lymphotropic Human T-lymphotropic Und

virus 1 (HTLV-1) virus 1 infection research
Abdominal pain, loss of
Hymenolepis nana and appetite, itching around the Examination of the stool for
Hymenolepiasis Praziquantel, niclosamide No
Hymenolepis diminuta anus, irritability, and eggs and parasites
diarrhea

Epstein–Barr virus Epstein–Barr virus Diagnostic modalities for Infectious mononucleosis is Und
(EBV) infectious Fever – usually lasting infectious mononucleosis generally self-limiting, so only researc
mononucleosis (Mono) 14 days; often mild include: symptomatic or supportive
Sore throat – usually treatments are used.
severe for 3–5 days, Person's age, with
before resolving in the highest risk at 10 to 30
next 7–10 days. years.
Swollen glands – Medical history, such
mobile; usually located as close contact with
around the back of the other people with
neck (posterior cervical infectious
lymph nodes) and mononucleosis, and the
sometimes throughout presence and time of
the body. onset of
"mononucleosis-like

The onset of symptoms is
sudden, and initial
symptoms are
predominately non-specific,
including fever, chills,
headaches, muscle pain or
aching, a feeling of
discomfort, loss of
Orthomyxoviridae
Influenza (flu) appetite, lack of
species
energy/fatigue, and
confusion. These
symptoms are usually
accompanied by respiratory
symptoms such as a dry
cough, sore or dry throat,
hoarse voice, and a stuffy
or runny nose.
Infection causes acute,
non-bloody diarrhea with
crampy abdominal pain,
Isospora belli Isosporiasis
which can last for weeks
and result in malabsorption
and weight loss
Fever, headache and
malaise, cachexia,
hemiparesis, convulsions
Japanese encephalitis
Japanese encephalitis and a raised body
virus
temperature between 38–
41 °C (100.4–105.8 °F),
Mental retardation
unknown; evidence Fever > 5 days, large
supports that it is Kawasaki disease lymph nodes, rash, sore
infectious throat, diarrhea
multiple Keratitis
Kingella kingae Kingella kingae infection
Body tremors, random
PRNP Kuru outbursts of laughter,
gradual loss of coordination
Partial or complete,
Lassa virus Lassa fever temporary or permanent
hearing loss
symptoms" such as
fever and sore throat.
Physical examination,
including palpation of
any enlarged lymph
nodes in the neck, or
enlarged spleen.
The heterophile
antibody test is a
screening test that
gives results within a
day, but has
significantly less than
full sensitivity (70–
92%) in the first two
weeks after clinical
symptoms begin.
Serological tests take
longer time than the
heterophile antibody
test, but are more
accurate.
Treatment of influenza in Und
cases of mild or moderate researc
Diagnostic methods that
illness is supportive and
can identify influenza
includes anti-fever
include viral cultures,
medications such as
antibody- and antigen-
acetaminophen and ibuprofen,
detecting tests, and nucleic
adequate fluid intake to avoid
acid-based tests.
dehydration, and resting at
home.
Yes
Microscopic demonstration
of the large typically
shaped oocysts is the
basis for diagnosis.
Because the oocysts may
be passed in small
amounts and intermittently,
repeated stool
examinations and
concentration procedures
are recommended. If stool
Trimethoprim-
examinations are negative, No
sulfamethoxazole
examination of duodenal
specimens by biopsy or
string test (Enterotest) may
be needed. The oocysts
can be visualized on wet
mounts by microscopy with
bright-field, differential
interference contrast (DIC),
and epifluorescence. They
can also be stained by
modified acid-fast stain.
Available tests detecting
JE virus-specific IgM
antibodies in serum and/or
Supportive Yes
cerebrospinal fluid, for
example by IgM capture
ELISA.
Based on symptoms,
Aspirin, immunoglobulin No
ultrasound of the heart
Treatment depends on the
cause of the keratitis.
Infectious keratitis can
progress rapidly, and generally
requires urgent antibacterial,
antifungal, or antiviral therapy
No
to eliminate the pathogen.
Antibacterial solutions include
levofloxacin, gatifloxacin,
moxifloxacin, ofloxacin. It is
unclear if steroid eye drops
are useful or not
No
Autopsy None No
Laboratory testing Supportive No
 Effective antibiotics include
Cough, shortness of
Legionellosis Urinary antigen test, most macrolides,
Legionella pneumophila breath, fever, muscle No
(Legionnaires' disease) sputum culture tetracyclines, ketolides, and
pains, headaches
quinolones.
Legionella pneumophila Pontiac fever No

For visceral leishmaniasis in

Leishmaniasis is diagnosed
in the hematology
laboratory by direct
visualization of the
amastigotes (Leishman–
Donovan bodies). Buffy-
coat preparations of
Skin ulcers, fever, low red peripheral blood or
Leishmania species Leishmaniasis
blood cells, enlarged liver aspirates from marrow,
spleen, lymph nodes, or
skin lesions should be
spread on a slide to make
a thin smear and stained
with Leishman stain or
Giemsa stain (pH 7.2) for
20 minutes.
India, South America, and the
Mediterranean, liposomal
amphotericin B is the
recommended treatment and
is often used as a single dose.
Rates of cure with a single
dose of amphotericin have
been reported as 95%. In
India, almost all infections are Und
resistant to pentavalent researc
antimonials. In Africa, a
combination of pentavalent
antimonials and paromomycin
is recommended. These,
however, can have significant
side effects. Miltefosine, an
oral medication, is effective
against both visceral and
cutaneous leishmaniasis.

In countries where people

are frequently infected, a
person is considered to
have leprosy if they have
Undergoing
Mycobacterium leprae one of the following two
Numbness, small nodules, Rifampicin, dapsone, worldwide Und
and Mycobacterium Leprosy signs:
deformation of extremities clofazimine elimination of researc
lepromatosis
Skin lesion consistent transmission[28]
with leprosy and with
definite sensory loss.
Positive skin smears.

Testing blood for antibodies

None, headaches, muscle Doxycycline, penicillin,
Leptospira species Leptospirosis against the bacterium or its Yes
pains, fevers ceftriaxone
DNA

Culture of blood or spinal

Listeria monocytogenes Listeriosis Diarrhea, fever, headache Ampicillin, gentamicin No
fluid

Borrelia burgdorferi, Expanding area of redness Und

Lyme disease (Lyme Based on symptoms, tick Doxycycline, amoxicillin,
Borrelia garinii, and at the site of a tick bite,
borreliosis) exposure, blood tests ceftriaxone, cefuroxime researc
Borrelia afzelii fever, headache, tiredness
Undergoing
Wuchereria bancrofti and Lymphatic filariasis Severe swelling of Microscopic examination of Albendazole with ivermectin or worldwide No
Brugia malayi (Elephantiasis) extremities, thickened skin blood diethylcarbamazine
elimination[31]

Fever, lack of appetite,

Lymphocytic
Lymphocytic headache, muscle aches,
choriomeningitis virus Blood test Symptomatic and supportive No
choriomeningitis malaise, nausea, and/or
(LCMV)
vomiting
Headache, fever, shivering,
joint pain, vomiting,
Undergoing
hemolytic anemia, Examination of the blood,
Plasmodium species Malaria Antimalarial medication worldwide Yes
jaundice, hemoglobin in the antigen detection tests
eradication
urine, retinal damage, and
convulsions

Marburg hemorrhagic Und

Marburg virus Fever, weakness, myalgias Blood test Supportive
fever (MHF) researc
Typically, clinical diagnosis
begins with the onset of
fever and malaise about 10
days after exposure to the
Fever, cough, runny nose, measles virus, followed by Undergoing
Measles virus Measles red Fever, cough, runny the emergence of cough, Supportive care regional Yes
nose, inflamed eyes, rash coryza, and conjunctivitis elimination[33]
that worsen in severity over
4 days of appearing.
Observation of Koplik's
spots is also diagnostic.

Middle East respiratory Und

Middle East respiratory Fever, cough, shortness of
syndrome–related rRT-PCR testing Symptomatic and supportive
syndrome (MERS) breath researc
coronavirus
Burkholderia Melioidosis (Whitmore's None, fever, pneumonia, Growing the bacteria in Ceftazidime, meropenem, co-
No
pseudomallei disease) multiple abscesses culture mediums trimoxazole

Fever, headache, neck

multiple Meningitis Lumbar puncture Antibiotics, antivirals, steroids No
stiffness

Neisseria meningitidis Meningococcal disease Flu-like symptoms, stiff Treatment in primary care Yes
neck, altered mental usually involves prompt
status, seizures, purpura intramuscular administration of
benzylpenicillin, and then an
urgent transfer to hospital
(hopefully, an academic level I
medical center, or at least a
hospital with round the clock
neurological care, ideally with
neurological intensive and
 critical care units) for further
care. Once in the hospital, the
antibiotics of choice are
usually IV broad spectrum 3rd
generation cephalosporins,
e.g., cefotaxime or
ceftriaxone. Benzylpenicillin
and chloramphenicol are also
effective.

Metagonimiasis is
usually Metagonimus Diarrhea and colicky
Metagonimiasis diagnosed by eggs seen in Praziquantel No
yokagawai abdominal pain
feces.
Fumagillin has been used in
Microsporidia phylum Microsporidiosis PCR the treatment. Another agent No
used is albendazole.

Molluscum contagiosum Molluscum contagiosum Small, raised, pink lesions

Based on appearance Cimetidine, podophyllotoxin No
virus (MCV) (MC) with a dimple in the center

Fever, headache, muscle

Monkeypox virus Monkeypox pains, shivering, blistering
rash, swollen lymph nodes
Parotitis and non-specific
symptoms such as fever,
Mumps virus Mumps
headache, malaise, muscle
pain, and loss of appetite
Supportive, antivirals, vaccinia
Testing for viral DNA Yes
immune globulin
Antibody testing, viral
cultures, and reverse
Supportive Yes
transcription polymerase
chain reaction

Headache, fever, muscle Early diagnosis continued The most effective antibiotics
Murine typhus (Endemic
Rickettsia typhi pain, joint pain, nausea and to be based on clinical include tetracycline and No
typhus)
vomiting suspicion. chloramphenicol.

Mycoplasma Fever, malaise, cough, Chest X-Ray, Chest CT,

Mycoplasma pneumonia Erythromycin, doxycycline No
pneumoniae headache blood test
Mycoplasma genitalium Discharge and pain from Nucleic acid amplification
Mycoplasma genitalium Azithromycin, moxifloxacin No
infection genitals test

numerous species of
Triad: painless firm skin
bacteria Ultrasound, fine needle Antibiotics or antifungal
Mycetoma lump, multiple weeping No
(Actinomycetoma) and aspiration medication
sinuses, grainy discharge
fungi (Eumycetoma)

parasitic dipterous fly Examination and serologic Petroleum jelly over the
Myiasis Boil with larva inside No
larvae testing central punctum
most commonly
Neonatal conjunctivitis Antibiotic ointment
Chlamydia trachomatis
(Ophthalmia (erythromycin, tetracycline, or No
and Neisseria
neonatorum) rarely silver nitrate or Argyrol)
gonorrhoeae

Und
Nipah virus Nipah virus infection
researc

Diarrhea, vomiting, Und

Norovirus Norovirus Based on symptoms Supportive care
stomach pain, headache researc
(New) Variant
PRNP Creutzfeldt–Jakob No
disease (vCJD, nvCJD)

usually Nocardia Nocardiosis Pulmonary infection chest x-ray to analyze the trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole No
asteroides and other lungs, a bronchoscopy, a or high doses of sulfonamides
Nocardia species Night sweats, fever, brain/lung/skin biopsy, or a
cough, chest pain sputum culture.

Neurological
infection

Headache, lethargy,
confusion, seizures,
sudden onset of
neurological deficit

Cardiac conditions

In recorded cases, it
has caused damage to
heart valves whether
natural or prosthetic

Lymphocutaneous
disease

Nocardial cellulitis is
akin to erysipelas but is
less acute

Ocular disease

Very rarely, nocardiae

cause keratitis

Disseminated
nocardiosis
 Fever, moderate or very
high can be seen

Undergoing
elimination in
Onchocerciasis (River the WHO Und
Onchocerca volvulus
blindness) regions of the researc
Americas and
Africa[37]
Opisthorchis viverrini
and Opisthorchis Opisthorchiasis No
felineus
Paracoccidioidomycosis
Paracoccidioides
(South American No
brasiliensis
blastomycosis)

usually Paragonimus
westermani and other Paragonimiasis No
Paragonimus species

Pasteurella species Pasteurellosis No

Pediculus humanus Pediculosis capitis Itching, nits attached to
No
capitis (Head lice) hair

Pediculus humanus Pediculosis corporis

No
corporis (Body lice)

Pediculosis pubis (pubic

Pthirus pubis No
lice, crab lice)
Lower abdominal pain,
Typical regimens include
vaginal discharge, fever, Based on symptoms,
Pelvic inflammatory cefoxitin or cefotetan plus
multiple burning with urination, pain ultrasound, laparoscopic No
disease (PID) doxycycline, and clindamycin
with sex, irregular surgery
plus gentamicin.
menstruation

Pertussis (whooping Severe coughing fits erythromycin, clarithromycin,

Bordetella pertussis Nasopharyngeal swab Yes
cough) ending in gasps or azithromycin

Fever, weakness, Finding the bacterium in a Gentamicin and a Und

Yersinia pestis Plague
headache lymph node, blood, sputum fluoroquinolone resear
Pneumococcal pneumonia,
cephalosporins, and
Streptococcus otitis media, bloodstream
Pneumococcal infection Culture fluoroquinolones such as Yes
pneumoniae infections and bacterial
levofloxacin and moxifloxacin
meningitis.
shortness of breath and/or
difficulty breathing (of
Pneumocystis chest X-ray and an arterial
Pneumocystis jirovecii gradual onset), fever, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole No
pneumonia (PCP) oxygen level
dry/non-productive cough,
weight loss, night sweats

Cough, shortness of Based on symptoms, chest Antibiotics, antivirals, oxygen

multiple Pneumonia No
breath, chest pain, fever X-ray therapy

Finding the virus in the Undergoing

Poliovirus Poliomyelitis Fever, sore throat feces or antibodies in the supportive care worldwide Yes
blood eradication
Prevotella species Prevotella infection No

Miltefosine, fluconazole,
Primary amoebic Fever, vomiting, stiff neck, amphotericin B,
usually Naegleria fowleri meningoencephalitis seizures, poor coordination, flagellation test posaconazole, voriconazole, No
(PAM) confusion, death targeted temperature
management

clumsiness, progressive
Progressive multifocal weakness, and visual, finding JC virus DNA in
JC virus No
leukoencephalopathy speech, and sometimes spinal fluid, brain CT
personality changes
tetracyclines and
Chlamydophila psittaci Psittacosis severe pneumonia Culture No
chloramphenicol

fever, malaise, profuse

perspiration, severe
headache, muscle pain,
joint pain, loss of appetite,
doxycycline, tetracycline,
upper respiratory problems,
Coxiella burnetii Q fever Based on serology chloramphenicol, Yes
dry cough, pleuritic pain,
ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin
chills, confusion, and
gastrointestinal symptoms,
such as nausea, vomiting,
and diarrhea

Fever, extreme aversion to

water, confusion, Undergoing
excessive salivary worldwide
secretion, hallucinations, fluorescent antibody test elimination in
Rabies virus Rabies Supportive care Yes
disrupted sleep, paralysis, (FAT) humans and
coma, hyperactivity,
headache, nausea, animals[39]
vomiting, anxiety
Borrelia hermsii, Borrelia fever, chills, headaches,
recurrentis, and other Relapsing fever muscle or joint aches, and blood smear Tetracycline-class antibiotics No
Borrelia species nausea
 wide variety of signs and
symptoms that range from
mild upper respiratory tract
Treatment for RSV infection is
Respiratory syncytial Respiratory syncytial infections (URTI) to severe Und
A variety of laboratory tests focused primarily on
virus (RSV) virus infection and potentially life- researc
supportive care.
threatening lower
respiratory tract infections
(LRTI)
Rhinosporidium seeberi Rhinosporidiosis No

Rhinovirus Rhinovirus infection No

Rickettsia species Rickettsial infection No

Rickettsia akari Rickettsialpox No

Rift Valley fever virus Rift Valley fever (RVF) No

Rocky Mountain spotted

Rickettsia rickettsii No
fever (RMSF)
Rotavirus Rotavirus infection Yes

Undergoing
Rubella virus Rubella regional Yes
elimination[41]
Salmonella species Salmonellosis No

Severe acute Und

SARS coronavirus respiratory syndrome
(SARS) researc

Sarcoptes scabiei Scabies No

Group A Streptococcus
Scarlet fever No
species

Undergoing
regional
elimination and
Und
Schistosoma species Schistosomiasis being
eliminated as a researc
public health
problem[43]
multiple Sepsis No

Shigellosis (bacillary
Shigella species No
dysentery)
Varicella zoster virus Shingles (Herpes
(VZV) zoster) Yes[

Variola major or Variola Eradicated

Smallpox (variola) Yes
minor worldwide

Sporothrix schenckii Sporotrichosis No

Staphylococcal food
Staphylococcus species No
poisoning

Staphylococcal
Staphylococcus species No
infection
Strongyloides stercoralis Strongyloidiasis No

Subacute sclerosing
Measles virus Yes
panencephalitis

Yaws is
Bejel, Syphilis, and undergoing Und
Treponema pallidum worldwide
Yaws researc
eradication[46]
Taenia species Taeniasis No

Clostridium tetani Tetanus (lockjaw) Yes

Tick-borne encephalitis
Tick-borne encephalitis Yes
virus (TBEV)

usually Trichophyton Tinea barbae (barber's

No
species itch)

usually Trichophyton Tinea capitis (ringworm

No
tonsurans of the scalp)
usually Trichophyton Tinea corporis
No
species (ringworm of the body)

usually Epidermophyton
floccosum, Trichophyton
rubrum, and Tinea cruris (Jock itch) No
Trichophyton
mentagrophytes
Tinea manum (ringworm
Trichophyton rubrum No
of the hand)

usually Hortaea
Tinea nigra No
werneckii

usually Trichophyton Tinea pedis (athlete's

No
species foot)
usually Trichophyton Tinea unguium
No
species (onychomycosis)
Tinea versicolor
Malassezia species No
(Pityriasis versicolor)

Staphylococcus aureus Und

Toxic shock syndrome
or Streptococcus
(TSS) research
pyogenes

Toxocara canis or Toxocariasis (ocular

No
Toxocara cati larva migrans (OLM))
Toxocara canis or Toxocariasis (visceral
No
Toxocara cati larva migrans (VLM))

Toxoplasma gondii Toxoplasmosis No

Undergoing
regional
elimination and
Chlamydia trachomatis Trachoma worldwide No
elimination as a
public health
problem[50]
Trichinella spiralis Trichinosis No

Trichomonas vaginalis Trichomoniasis No

Trichuriasis (whipworm
Trichuris trichiura No
infection)

Undergoing
worldwide
usually Mycobacterium
Tuberculosis elimination as a Yes
tuberculosis
public health
problem
Und
Francisella tularensis Tularemia
researc

Salmonella enterica
subsp. enterica, serovar Typhoid fever Yes
typhi
Rickettsia Typhus fever No

Ureaplasma urealyticum
Ureaplasma urealyticum No
infection

Coccidioides immitis or
Coccidioides Valley fever No
posadasii.[52]

Venezuelan equine Venezuelan equine

No
encephalitis virus encephalitis
Venezuelan
Guanarito virus No
hemorrhagic fever

Vibrio vulnificus
Vibrio vulnificus No
infection

Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Vibrio parahaemolyticus No
enteritis
multiple viruses Viral pneumonia No

Und
West Nile virus West Nile fever
researc

White piedra (tinea

Trichosporon beigelii No
blanca)

Yersinia
Yersinia
pseudotuberculosis No
pseudotuberculosis
infection
Yersinia enterocolitica Yersiniosis No

Yellow fever virus Yellow fever Yes

Zeaspora fungus Zeaspora No

rash, fever, red or swollen Und

Zika virus Zika fever
eyes, pain in joints, researc
Mucorales order
(Mucormycosis) and
Zygomycosis No
Entomophthorales order
(Entomophthoramycosis)

See also
Infections associated with diseases
List of oncogenic bacteria
List of causes of death by rate − including specific infectious diseases and classes thereof
List of human disease case fatality rates
 List of vaccine topics
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