NAME: Benjie Cubio

1.What is the major role of the foreign traders in the development of art in the Philippines?

Foreign traders have played a significant role in the development of art in the Philippines throughout its
history. One major role is their role as cultural intermediaries. As they engaged in trade and cultural
exchange with the Philippines, foreign traders introduced new artistic influences, techniques, and
materials to local artists. This exposure to different artistic traditions broadened the horizons of Filipino
artists, leading to the fusion of local styles with foreign elements. For instance, the arrival of Chinese and
European traders brought with them artistic practices and materials like ceramics and oil paints, which
influenced Filipino art forms.Another major role of foreign traders in Philippine art development is their
patronage. Wealthy foreign traders often became patrons of local artists, providing financial support
and opportunities for artistic growth. This patronage allowed Filipino artists to focus on their craft,
experiment with new ideas, and create works of art that might not have been possible without external
support. Consequently, these interactions between Filipino artists and foreign traders not only enriched
the country's artistic heritage but also helped establish a bridge between local traditions and global
artistic trends, contributing significantly to the diverse and vibrant art scene in the Philippines.

2.What are the artworks commonly found in the burial sites and graves of pre-Spanish Filipino?

Artworks commonly found in the burial sites and graves of pre-Spanish Filipinos often include pottery
and ceramic vessels. These intricate and finely crafted pottery pieces served as burial offerings,
reflecting the significance of ceramics in Filipino culture. Anthropomorphic and zoomorphic designs are
frequently featured on these vessels, showcasing the artistic skills of the ancient Filipinos. Additionally,
jewelry made from various materials such as gold, jade, and glass beads is often discovered in burial
sites, indicating the importance of personal adornment and symbolism in pre-Spanish Filipino society.
These artifacts provide valuable insights into the artistic expressions, cultural beliefs, and burial practices
of ancient Filipino civilizations.

3.Classify the art works in the pre-Spanish time into major and minor arts.

Major Arts:

Goldsmithing: Goldsmithing was a prominent major art form, producing exquisite gold jewelry and
ornaments. These pieces were not only symbols of wealth and status but also displayed remarkable
craftsmanship.

Pottery and Ceramics: Pottery-making was a major art form, and finely crafted ceramic vessels were
used for various purposes, including burial offerings, cooking, and storage. The intricate designs and
styles of pottery reflect the artistic sophistication of the time.
Textile Arts: Weaving and textile production were significant major arts, with various indigenous groups
creating distinct textiles with intricate patterns and designs. These textiles held cultural and ritualistic
importance.

Minor Arts:

Basketry: While not considered as central as pottery or goldsmithing, basketry was a minor art form
used for practical purposes like storage and transportation. Intricate basket designs often displayed
regional styles.

Bamboo Craft: Bamboo was widely used in construction and crafting various items such as musical
instruments, tools, and containers. These may be considered minor arts due to their utilitarian nature.

Tattooing: Body art in the form of tattoos was a minor art form that held cultural and social significance.
Tattoos conveyed information about an individual's identity, status, and tribal affiliation.

4.Describe the female and male art of the southwestern Philippine art.

In the southwestern Philippines, particularly within indigenous communities in Mindanao, both male
and female artisans contribute to a rich tapestry of artistic traditions. Female artistry often shines
through in intricate and vibrant weaving, including the creation of traditional textiles known as
"malongs" and "t'nalak." These textiles, often characterized by geometric patterns and vibrant colors,
are central to the cultural identity and clothing of various indigenous groups. In contrast, male artisans
excel in craftsmanship such as woodcarving, crafting weapons like the "kampilan" (swords), and creating
musical instruments like the "kulintang." Their woodcarvings often depict ancestral spirits and mythical
figures, while their instruments are essential for traditional music and dance performances. Both male
and female art forms are deeply intertwined with cultural practices, rituals, and daily life, preserving the
heritage and identity of these communities.

5. What is the most commonly used figure in Maranaw art? What does it symbolize?

The most commonly used figure in Maranao art is the "Okir," an intricate and elaborate design element
characterized by flowing vegetal motifs such as vines, leaves, and tendrils. The Okir is deeply symbolic
within Maranao culture, representing a connection to nature, Islamic spirituality, and the rich heritage
of the Maranao people. It symbolizes growth, fertility, and abundance, drawing parallels between the
intricate patterns of the Okir and the flourishing of plants. Additionally, it reflects Islamic influence and
religious devotion, as these designs can be found in mosques and other sacred spaces. The Okir also
serves as a visual testament to Maranao cultural identity, preserving their traditions and artistic
expressions through generations.

6. Which of the southwestern Philippine art do you like most? Explain your answer in 3-5
sentences.

Many people are captivated by the intricate and symbolic beauty of T'nalak weaving, which holds
cultural significance and represents the heritage of the T'boli people. Others admire the fine
craftsmanship of woodcarving, which produces stunning sculptures and masks, often depicting mythical
figures. Each art form from this region offers a unique blend of cultural depth, artistic excellence, and a
connection to indigenous traditions, making them all valuable and appreciated by those who seek to
understand and celebrate Philippine heritage.