‫ﻓﻬﺮس اﻟﻤﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎت‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ‪7-1.........................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .1‬اﻟﺘﻘﺪﱘ ‪1……………..……………………………………………….....‬‬
‫‪ .2‬إﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪1…………………………………………………………...‬‬
‫‪ .3‬ﻓﺮﺿﻴﺎت اﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪2…………………………………………………………..‬‬
‫‪ .4‬ﻣﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ……………………………………………………………‪2‬‬
‫‪ .5‬اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪2………………………………………………………….‬‬
‫‪ .6‬أﳘﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ …………‪4………………………....……………...………..‬‬
‫‪ .7‬أﻫﺪاف اﻟﺒﺤﺚ……………………………………………………………‪5‬‬
‫‪ .8‬ﺣﺪود اﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪5…………………………………………………………….‬‬
‫‪ .9‬اﳌﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ اﻹﺟﺮاﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺚ………‪5………….................................................‬‬
‫‪ .10‬أﺳﺒﺎب إﺧﺘﻴﺎر اﳌﻮﺿﻮع‪6..........................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .11‬ﺻﻌﻮﺑﺎت اﻟﺒﺤﺚ………………‪6………………………………………....‬‬
‫‪ .12‬ﺧﻄﺔ اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‪7...................................................................................‬‬
‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‪ :‬اﻹﻃﺎر اﻟﻌﺎم و اﻟﻤﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﻺﻗﺘﺼﺎد اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎﺗﻲ‪81-8...............................‬‬
‫اﳌﺒﺤﺚ اﻷول‪ :‬اﻹﻃﺎر اﻟﻨﻈﺮي ﻟﻺﻗﺘﺼﺎد اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﰐ اﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪9................................................‬‬
‫اﳌﻄﻠﺐ اﻷول‪ :‬واﻗﻊ اﻟﻔﻜﺮ اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﰐ اﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪9............................................................‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﶈﺔ ﺣﻮل أﳘﻴﺔ و ﻇﻬﻮر اﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎد اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﰐ اﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪9..................................................‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ اﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎد اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﰐ اﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪11...............................................................‬‬
‫‪ -1.2‬ﻣﻔﻬﻮم اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎت ‪11..........................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -2.2‬اﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎد اﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎت‪13.................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -3.2‬أﻫﻢ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﱵ ﻳﺮﺗﻜﺰ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ اﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎد اﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎت‪16......................................‬‬
‫اﳌﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬اﳌﺆﺷﺮات اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺗﻴﺔ‪17...................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻣﺆﺷﺮات اﳊﻮﻛﻤﺔ‪17..............................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -1.1‬ﻣﺆﺷﺮات اﳊﻮﻛﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻨﻚ اﻟﺪوﱄ‪17................................................................‬‬

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 ‫‪ -2.1‬ﻣﺒﺎدئ ﺣﻮﻛﻤﺔ اﻟﺸﺮﻛﺎت‪19......................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻣﺆﺷﺮ ﻣﺪرﻛﺎت اﻟﻔﺴﺎد‪21.........................................................................‬‬
‫‪-1.2‬ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮ اﻟﻔﺴﺎد و أﻧﻮاﻋﻪ‪22.......................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -2.2‬أﺳﺒﺎب ﻓﺸﻞ ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ اﻟﻔﺴﺎد‪23.................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -3.2‬وﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﻋﻼج اﻟﻔﺴﺎد‪23........................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻣﺆﺷﺮات ﳑﺎرﺳﺔ أﻧﺸﻄﺔ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل‪24.................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﳏﻮر اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎت ﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﺘﻨﺎﻓﺴﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﳌﻲ‪30...........................................................‬‬
‫‪ -5‬اﳌﺆﺷﺮ اﳌﺮﻛﺐ ﻟﻠﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮاﻟﻘﻄﺮ ﻳﺔ‪33.................................................................‬‬
‫اﳌﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪:‬اﻷﻋﻤﺎل اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻴﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻣﻦ اﻹﺻﻼﺣﺎت‪35..........................................‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﳉﻴﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻟﻺﺻﻼﺣﺎت اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺗﻴﺔ‪35.............................................................‬‬
‫‪ -2‬أﻋﻤﺎل اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎت اﳌﺎﻟﻴﺔ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ واﳌﺒﺎدرات اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ ‪37...............................................‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ اﳉﻴﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻟﻺﺻﻼﺣﺎت اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺗﻴﺔ‪40........................................................‬‬
‫‪ -1.3‬ﲡﺪﻳﺪ إﻗﺘﺼﺎد اﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ )ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻮق إﱃ اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎت(‪40...............................................‬‬
‫‪ -2.3‬أوﻟﻮﻳﺔ اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎت‪41............................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -3.3‬ﻣﻘﺎرﺑﺎت اﻹﺻﻼﺣﺎت اﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ‪43............................................................‬‬
‫اﳌﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪:‬ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎت اﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎد اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﰐ اﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪45.....................................................‬‬
‫اﳌﻄﻠﺐ اﻷول‪:‬ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺣﻘﻮق اﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ‪45...................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺣﻘﻮق اﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ‪45......................................................................‬‬
‫اﳌﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ‪46.........................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻣﺪﻟﻮل ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ وأﻗﺴﺎﻣﻬﺎ‪47...................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -1.1‬أﺻﻞ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ‪47..........................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -2.1‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ‪47........................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -3.1‬ﺗﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ اﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ وأﻗﺴﺎﻣﻬﺎ‪48.....................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﳌﻮازﻧﺔ اﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻷﺻﻞ واﻟﻮﻛﻴﻞ ‪50.......................................................‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻋﻼﻗﺎت اﻟﺼﺮاع اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ وﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺗﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ اﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ‪52...........................................‬‬

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 ‫‪ -1.3‬ﻋﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﲔ اﳌﺴﺎﳘﲔ واﻹدارة‪52............................................................‬‬
‫‪ -2.3‬ﻋﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺑﲔ اﳌﺴﲑ – اﳌﺴﺎﻫﻢ و اﻟﺪاﺋﻦ‪55....................................................‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ وﻋﺪم ﲤﺎﺛﻞ اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‪56..............................................................‬‬
‫اﳌﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺗﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ اﳌﻌﺎﻣﻼت‪57.............................................................‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔﺗﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ اﻟﺼﻔﻘﺎت و اﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﻌﻤﻮدي‪57......................................................‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﲢﻠﻴﻞ روﻧﺎﻟﺪ ﻛﻮز ﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺗﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ اﻟﺼﻔﻘﺎت‪58......................................................‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﲢﻠﻴﻞ"وﻟﻴﺎﻣﺴﻮن" ﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺗﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ اﻟﺼﻔﻘﺎت‪60.......................................................‬‬
‫‪ -1.3‬ﳏﺪدات ﺗﻜﺎﻟﻴﻒ اﻟﺼﻔﻘﺎت‪60..................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -2.3‬ﳏﺪدات اﻹﺧﺘﻴﺎر ﺳﻮق – ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ‪63............................................................‬‬
‫اﳌﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬واﻗﻊ اﻹﻃﺎر اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﰐ و آﻟﻴﺎت اﳊﻮﻛﻤﺔ اﳌﺆﺳﺴﻴﺔ‪65........................................‬‬
‫اﳌﻄﻠﺐ اﻷول ‪ :‬اﻟﻨﻘﺎش اﻟﻨﻈﺮي ﻟﻠﺤﻮﻛﻤﺔ اﳌﺆﺳﺴﻴﺔ‪66.....................................................‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻧﺸﺄة ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﺣﻮﻛﻤﺔ اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎت‪66..................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻣﻔﻬﻮم اﳊﻮﻛﻤﺔ ﰲ اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ‪68....................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻧﻈﺎم ﺣﻮﻛﻤﺔ اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎت‪71........................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﳏﺪدات اﳊﻮﻛﻤﺔ‪72..............................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -1.4‬اﶈﺪدات اﳋﺎرﺟﻴﺔ‪73...........................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -2.4‬اﶈﺪدات اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ‪73...........................................................................‬‬
‫اﳌﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪:‬ﻓﻮاﻋﻞ اﳊﻮﻛﻤﺔ اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺗﻴﺔ وأﺑﻌﺎدﻫﺎ‪73.......................................................‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻓﻮاﻋﻞ اﳊﻮﻛﻤﺔ اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺗﻴﺔ‪73.......................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -1.1‬اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ‪73......................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -2.1‬اﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﳋﺎص‪74..............................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -3.1‬ا ﺘﻤﻊ اﳌﺪﱐ‪74................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -2‬أﺑﻌﺎد اﳊﻮﻛﻤﺔ اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺗﻴﺔ‪75........................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -1.2‬اﻟﺒﻌﺪ اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻲ‪75..............................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -2.2‬اﻟﺒﻌﺪ اﻹداري)اﻟﺘﻘﲏ(‪76........................................................................‬‬

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 ‫‪ -3.2‬اﻟﺒﻌﺪ اﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎدي واﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‪76................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -4.2‬اﻟﺒﻌﺪ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ‪76...............................................................................‬‬
‫اﳌﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬اﳊﻮﻛﻤﺔ ﰲ اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ‪ -‬اﳌﺒﺎدئ و اﻷﳘﻴﺔ‪77......................................-‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻣﺒﺎدئ ﺣﻮﻛﻤﺔ اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎت‪77......................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -2‬أﳘﻴﺔ ﺣﻮﻛﻤﺔ اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎت‪78........................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -3‬اﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎت و ﺳﺒﻞ اﻹﺻﻼح‪79.....................................................................‬‬
‫ﺧﻼﺻﺔ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻷول‪81...............................................................................‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‪ :‬ﻟﻤﺤﺔ ﺣﻮل ﺳﻮق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪150-83.......................................................‬‬

‫اﳌﺒﺤﺚ اﻷول ‪ :‬دراﺳﺔ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﺴﻮق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪84............................................................‬‬
‫اﳌﻄﻠﺐ اﻷول‪ :‬ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺎت ﺳﻮق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪84..................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -1‬أﻧﻮاع ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺎت ﺳﻮق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪87......................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -1.1‬ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺎت ﺳﻮق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ‪88..................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -1.1.1‬أﻫﺪاف اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ‪89...............................................................‬‬
‫‪ -2.1.1‬ﻧﻄﺎق ﻣﺴﺎﳘﺘﻬﺎ‪90..........................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -3.1.1‬ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺎت ﺳﻮق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ‪91.......................................................‬‬
‫‪ -2.1‬ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺎت ﺳﻮق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻏﲑ اﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ‪94............................................................‬‬
‫‪ -2‬أﳘﻴﺔ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺎت ﺳﻮق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ ﺑﻐﲑ اﻟﻨﺸﻄﺔ‪95............................................‬‬
‫اﳌﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬اﻟﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻮق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪96...............................................................‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﳕﺎذج اﻟﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻮق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪96..................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﻮﺳﻄﺎء اﳋﻮاص ﰲ ﺳﻮق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪98................................................................‬‬
‫اﳌﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬اﳍﻴﺌﺎت اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ اﳌﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﻟﺴﻮق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪102.................................................‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ‪102.........................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -1.1‬أﻫﺪاف اﳌﻨﻈﻤﺔ‪103............................................................................‬‬
‫‪-2.1‬اﻹﻃﺎر اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ و اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﻲ اﳌﻨﻈﻢ ﻟﺴﻮق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ‪104......................‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪107..........................................................................‬‬

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 ‫‪ -1.2‬دور ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‪108...................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -2.2‬ﺣﻘﻮق ﺳﻮق اﻟﺸﻐﻞ وﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻪ ﺣﺴﺐ اﳌﻨﻈﻤﺔ‪109..................................................‬‬
‫‪ -3.2‬ﻣﺆﺷﺮات ﺳﻮق اﻟﺸﻐﻞ ﺣﺴﺐ اﳌﻨﻈﻤﺔ‪110.......................................................‬‬
‫‪ -4.2‬أﳘﻴﺔ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎت ﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ أﺳﻮاق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪110.................................................‬‬
‫اﳌﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺎت اﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ اﳌﻔﺴﺮة ﻟﺴﻮق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪112.............................................‬‬
‫اﳌﻄﻠﺐ اﻷول‪ :‬اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺎت اﻟﻜﻼﺳﻴﻜﻴﺔ‪ ،‬اﳌﺎرﻛﺴﻴﺔ‪ ،‬و اﻟﻨﻴﻮﻛﻼﺳﻴﻜﻴﺔ‪112.......................................‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ اﻟﻜﻼﺳﻴﻜﻲ‪112..........................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ اﳌﺎرﻛﺴﻲ‪115.............................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -3‬اﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ اﻟﻨﻴﻮﻛﻼﺳﻴﻜﻲ‪116........................................................................‬‬
‫اﳌﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪:‬اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻜﻨﺰﻳﺔ و اﻟﻨﻘﺪﻳﺔ‪117...............................................................‬‬

‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ اﻟﻜﻴﻨﺰي‪117.............................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺗﻔﺴﲑ اﳌﺪرﺳﺔ اﻟﻜﻴﻨﺰﻳﺔ اﳉﺪﻳﺪة‪121................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺗﻔﺴﲑ اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﻨﻘﺪﻳﺔ اﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ‪121..................................................................‬‬
‫اﳌﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬اﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺎت اﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎدﻳﺔ اﳊﺪﻳﺜﺔ ‪125......................................................‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ اﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ‪125......................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ اﻹﺧﺘﻼل‪126..............................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﲡﺰﺋﺔ ﺳﻮق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪127......................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ اﻷﺟﺮ اﻟﻜﻔﺄة‪128..........................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -5‬ﻗﺎﻧﻮن أﻛﻴﻮن‪129................................................................................‬‬
‫اﳌﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬آﻟﻴﺎت ﺗﺪﻋﻴﻢ أﺳﻮاق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪130.........................................................‬‬
‫اﳌﻄﻠﺐ اﻷول‪ :‬اﳌﺘﺪﺧﻠﻮن ﰲ ﺳﻮق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪131...........................................................‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ و دورﻫﺎ ﰲ آداء ﺳﻮق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪131.............................................................‬‬
‫‪ -1.1‬ﲢﺴﲔ ﻗﺪرة اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺗﻴﺔ‪131...............................................................‬‬
‫‪ -2.1‬ﺗﺪﻋﻴﻢ اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ ﻷﺳﻮاﻗﻬﺎ‪132.....................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎت اﻟﻀﺮورﻳﺔ ﻹدارة ﺳﻮق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪132.........................................................‬‬

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 ‫‪ -1.2‬ﻣﻘﺎﻳﻴﺲ ﻧﻮﻋﻴﺔ اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎت ﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ آداء ﺳﻮق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪132............................................‬‬
‫‪ -2.2‬دور اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎت ﰲ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺳﻮق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪133.......................................................‬‬
‫‪ -3.2‬أﳘﻴﺔ أﺳﺒﻘﻴﺔ اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎت ﰲ ﺗﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺳﻮق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪135.................................................‬‬
‫اﳌﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬اﻟﻨﻤﺎذج اﻟﺮاﺋﺪة ﰲ ﺳﻮق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪137.......................................................‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺘﺠﺎرب اﻟﺪوﻟﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺎت و ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‪137...................................................‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻟﺘﺠﺎرب اﻟﻨﺎﺟﺤﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻮﺳﻴﻊ ﻓﺮص اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‪142.....................................................‬‬
‫اﳌﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬اﻹﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺟﺎت اﳌﺴﺘﺨﻠﺼﺔ ﻟﺘﻔﻌﻴﻞ ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‪145.......................................‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺼﻌﻴﺪ اﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎدي‪146......................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺼﻌﻴﺪ اﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‪148.....................................................................‬‬
‫ﺧﻼﺻﺔ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪150.............................................................................‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ اﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻟﻺﻃﺎر اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎﺗﻲ واﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﻲ و دورﻩ ﻓﻲ آداء ﺳﻮق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ )ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺠﺰاﺋﺮ(‪.235-152...............................................................................‬‬
‫اﳌﺒﺤﺚ اﻷول‪ :‬دراﺳﺔ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﻟﺴﻮق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ اﳉﺰاﺋﺮ‪153.................................................‬‬
‫اﳌﻄﻠﺐ اﻷول‪ :‬آداء ﺳﻮق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ اﳉﺰاﺋﺮ‪154........................................................‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺗﻘﺪﱘ اﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎد اﳉﺰاﺋﺮي‪154......................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -2‬واﻗﻊ ﺳﻮق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ اﳉﺰاﺋﺮ‪157...................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -1.2‬ﺗﻄﻮر ﻣﻌﻄﻴﺎت ﻋﺮض و ﻃﻠﺐ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ اﳉﺰاﺋﺮ‪158................................................‬‬
‫‪ -2.2‬ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺳﻮق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ اﳉﺰاﺋﺮ‪160...........................................................‬‬
‫اﳌﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬اﳌﺘﺪﺧﻠﻮن ﰲ ﺳﻮق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ اﳉﺰاﺋﺮ‪163..................................................‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ‪163......................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -1.1‬ﲢﺪﻳﺪ دور اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ‪164.........................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -2.1‬آﻟﻴﺎت ﺗﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﺪوﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺳﻮق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪165.........................................................‬‬
‫‪ -2‬أرﺑﺎب اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪167................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -1.2‬ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت وﺷﺮوط أرﺑﺎب اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺎﳘﺔ ﰲ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ آداء ﺳﻮق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪167............................‬‬
‫‪ -2.2‬ﲢﺪﻳﺎت و ﻣﻌﻮﻗﺎت ﺗﺪﺧﻞ أرﺑﺎب اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ آداء ﺳﻮق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪169....................................‬‬

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 ‫‪ -3‬اﻟﻨﻘﺎﺑﺎت‪170....................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -1.3‬اﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻢ اﻟﻨﻘﺎﰊ‪170.............................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -2.3‬أﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ اﻟﻨﺸﺎط اﻟﻨﻘﺎﰊ‪171.....................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -3.3‬دور اﻟﻨﻘﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﻌﻤﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﰲ اﻟﻘﻀﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﻄﺎﻟﺔ‪172.................................................‬‬
‫‪ -4‬اﻟﻌﻤﺎل‪173......................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -1.4‬اﻟﺴﻜﺎن‪173.................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -2.4‬اﻹﺳﺘﺨﺪام‪174...............................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -3.4‬ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ اﻹﺳﺘﺨﺪام‪175.........................................................................‬‬
‫اﳌﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬اﻹﻃﺎر اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﻲ و اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﰐ ﻟﺴﻮق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ اﳉﺰاﺋﺮ‪179...................................‬‬
‫اﳌﻄﻠﺐ اﻷول‪ :‬اﻹﻃﺎر اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﻲ ﻟﺴﻮق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ اﳉﺰاﺋﺮ‪180..............................................‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اﻵﻟﻴﺎت اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ واﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﰲ اﳉﺰاﺋﺮ‪180..................................................‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺗﻜﻴﻴﻒ اﻷﻃﺮ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ و اﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻟﺴﻮق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ وﻓﻖ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت إﻗﺘﺼﺎد اﻟﺴﻮق‪182.......................‬‬
‫‪ -1.2‬أﳘﻴﺔ إﺻﻼح اﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ‪184.............................................................‬‬
‫‪ -2.2‬ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت اﻹﺻﻼح اﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ‪185................................................................‬‬
‫اﳌﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬اﻹﻃﺎر اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﰐ ﻟﺴﻮق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ اﳉﺰاﺋﺮ‪187.............................................‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺗﻄﻮر اﻹﻃﺎر اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﰐ ﻟﺴﻮق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪188..........................................................‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻹﻃﺎر اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﰐ ﻟﺴﻮق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪190.......................................................‬‬
‫‪ -3‬اﳍﻴﺌﺎت واﻟﱪاﻣﺞ اﳌﻌﺘﻤﺪة ﰲ ﻇﻞ إﺳﱰاﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‪192.............................................‬‬
‫‪ -1.3‬اﻷﺟﻬﺰة اﳌﺴﲑة ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮف اﻟﻮزارة اﳌﻜﻠﻔﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪193...............................................‬‬
‫‪ -2.3‬اﻷﺟﻬﺰة اﳌﺴﲑة ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮف اﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ اﻹﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ ‪198.........................ANDS‬‬
‫‪ -3.3‬اﻹﺟﺮاءات اﳌﺴﲑة ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮف اﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺪﻋﻢ و ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ اﻟﺸﺒﺎب‪201..................ANEM‬‬
‫‪ -4.3‬وﻛﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﺮﻗﻴﺔ ودﻋﻢ اﻹﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎرات‪ APSI‬واﻟﻮﻛﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ اﻹﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎر‪202...............ANDI‬‬
‫‪ -5.3‬ﺻﻨﺪوق اﻟﺰﻛﺎة اﳉﺰاﺋﺮي‪204.....................................................................‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ آداء ﺳﻮق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪204.......................................................................‬‬
‫اﳌﺒﺤﺚ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬دور اﻹﻃﺎر اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﰐ و اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﻲ ﰲ آداء ﺳﻮق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪207..................................‬‬

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 ‫اﳌﻄﻠﺐ اﻷول‪ :‬ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ آداء اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﰲ اﳉﺰاﺋﺮ‪207...........................................‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﰲ اﳉﺰاﺋﺮ‪207...............................................................‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻷﺑﻌﺎد اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‪210............................................................‬‬
‫اﳌﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬آﻟﻴﺎت ﺗﻔﻌﻴﻞ و ﳒﺎح ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‪211..................................................‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻣﻌﻮﻗﺎت ﳒﺎح وﺗﻮﺳﻴﻊ ﻓﺮص اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‪211...........................................................‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺗﻔﻌﻴﻞ وﳒﺎح ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ و ﲢﺪﻳﺚ أﺳﻮاق اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪216.....................................‬‬
‫اﳌﻄﻠﺐ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪:‬ﺟﻬﻮد اﳉﺰاﺋﺮ ﻣﻦ أﺟﻞ إرﺳﺎء اﻹﻃﺎر اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﰐ ﳊﻮﻛﻤﺔ اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎت‪218........................‬‬
‫‪ -1‬واﻗﻊ اﳉﺰاﺋﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ أﻫﻢ اﳌﺆﺷﺮات اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺗﻴﺔ‪218....................................................‬‬
‫‪ -2‬اﻹﺻﻼﺣﺎت اﳌﺆﺳﺴﺎﺗﻴﺔ ﰲ اﳉﺰاﺋﺮ‪225............................................................‬‬
‫ﺧﻼﺻﺔ اﻟﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪235............................................................................‬‬
‫اﳋﺎﲤﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪238....................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﳌﺮاﺟﻊ‪245....................................................................................‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﳉﺪاول و اﻷﺷﻜﺎل‪262.........................................................................‬‬
‫ﻓﻬﺮس اﶈﺘﻮﻳﺎت‪263.................................................................................‬‬

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