FRANK ANTHONY A.

SANCHEZ

1. In my opinion, criminology is the study of criminals, what I meant by that is that

criminologist study how criminals works or how they move and to capture or
prevent the criminals from violating the law.
2.
 Alexandre Lacassagne- It was his belief that criminality was influenced
more by social factors, than hereditary ones; he would determine his own
categories concerning criminality: thought; act; and instinctual.
 Cesare Beccaria- His most famous work, On Crimes and Punishment,
was the first published argument against the death penalty. Beccaria
advocated that the certainty of punishment worked better as a deterrent
than the severity of the punishment.
 Cesare Lombroso- Bringing the term born criminal into existence,
Lombroso argued that criminality was inherent, and could be identified
through physical characteristics, suggesting criminals were evolutionary
regressions.
 Edwin Sutherland- It is from Sutherland we have the term white-collar
criminal, and he gave rise to the belief that delinquency likely resulted
from learned behaviour.
 Enrico Ferri- He advocated making changes to economics and the social
factors that contribute to criminal behaviour, stating that it is better to
prevent crime than punish it.
 Hans Eysenck- His investigation into psychoticism gave rise to his
interest in criminology.
 Jane Adams- Adams eschewed her privileged upbringing and traditional
womanly duties to study how society and poverty influence crime.
 Jeremy Bentham- He had an influence in reforming schools, prisons,
courts, and England’s Poor Laws, and attempted to codify common law
into statutes.
 Robert D. Hare- His work looks at psychopathology and
psychophysiology, and, from his research into the qualities of a
psychopath, concluded that it may not be possible to identify murderers.
Hare’s 20-item checklist is still considered the most reliable metric for
measuring psychopathy.
 William Julius- Much of his work revolves around racial factors, such as
how poverty among black communities influences different crime rates,
with discrimination, education, housing, and employment being taken into
consideration.
3. RA 11131 is an act regulating the practice of criminology profession in the
Philippines, and appropriating funds therefore, repealing for the purpose
Republic Act No. 6506, otherwise known as “an act creating the board of
examiners for criminologists in the Philippines”.
4. Criminology and Criminalistics are both centered in law enforcement. However,
criminology explores the nature of crime and prevention, while criminalistics
involves the collection and analysis of evidence. Criminology is the study of crime
and its prevention, as well as the exploration of criminals and their treatment.
5. The scope and division of criminology:
a. The making of laws- a proposal for a new law or a change to an existing
one is called a bill.
b. Breaking of Laws- crime can be defined breaking the law. Punishment is
prescribed for those who violate those laws.
c. Reaction towards breaking of laws- this how or what is the reaction of
society towards the breaking of laws.
6. Areas in the study of criminology:
a. Sociology of law- is a scientific field that studies the social preconditions
of the law and the justice system, and their effects on society.
b. Law Enforcement- respond to, detect, and prevent crime.
c. Forensic Science- the use of scientific methods or expertise to
investigate crimes or examine evidence that might be presented in a court
of law.
d. Criminal Detection- ensemble of methods by which crimes are studied
and criminals apprehended.
e. Criminal Etiology- the scientific study of how and why people commit
crimes.
f. Penology- the division of criminology that concerns itself with the
philosophy and practice of society in its efforts to repress criminal
activities.
7. It is a social science because it studies crime as a social phenomenon. Crime is
a social problem which has a great impact to society. It is dynamic because the
concepts of criminology and their applications adapt to the changing time. It is
nationalistic because the study of criminology takes into consideration the
history, the culture and the social norms and the laws of the country. Each
country has its own set of laws and crimes are defined by the laws of the country.