ST.

SCHOLASTICAS COLLEGE OF TACLOBAN CARE

OF OLDER ADULT
DONAIRE, CRISTINE DOMINIQUE E.
FIRST SEMESTER 2023

CARE OF OLDER ADULT

I. INDIVIDUAL AGING VS. AGING POPULATION Number of years that person expects to live if he/she were
Individual Aging subjected to the same risk of dying prevalent in the population
 growing older
Chronological Age
 a person’s age based on the date of birth
Physical Age
 aging of the body
Functional Age
 our ability to carry on an independent, self-sufucient
life in which we take care of our own basic personal
needs like self-care
Factors that affect Individual Aging
Heredity, nutrition, habits and vices, lifetime working condition,
lifestyle and attitudes towards life in general.
POPULATION AGING
 Is a condition that describes the state of a population.
 Phenomenon where the proportion of older people to
total population is increasing steadily so that a
significant percentage now lives up to advances old
age.
 Country is considered Aging if the proportion of
people aged 60 is over at least 7%
THEORY OF DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION
Describes long term trends in birth and death rates across
populations.
Three stages of population growth over a period of time
Growth rate
+ growth rate
- growth rate
STAGES OF POPULATION GROWTH
at that time.
Life Expectancy by Country:
 Africa – 48 (Year 2000)
 Japan – 81.5 (Year 2000)
 Philippines – 71 (Year 2019)
Old
 Age
 Life course stage
 Culture
 Diminished earning capacity and increasing risk of
health problems
 Changing roles of society, such as Grandparents
assuming parental roles in the lives of their gran
children
ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF AGING POPULATION
 strain on social insurance programs and pension
systems. (Pay as you go)
o money coming into social security will lessen
due to fewer contributions from workers and
more funds going to an aging retired
population.
o GSIS and SSS
 increase in health care costs.
o As the population ages, health generally
declines with more medical attention
required such as doctor visits, surgery,
physical therapy, hospital stays, and
prescription medicine
o PhilHealth
 there will also be shortages of skilled labor trained to
care for aged patients.
o it is projected that the registered nurse
workforce in the United States will see a
decline of nearly 20 percent by 2020 which is
below projected requirements
 increase in the age dependency ratio which is the
ratio of working-age to old-age individuals
o developing countries with young populations
rely on the traditional social support system
of family and kin networks-mainly children.

TOTAL FERTILITY RATE SOCIOCULTURAL IMPLICATIONS

Average number of children that a woman expects to have if  Increasing older population increase dependency
she were to subjected to the same schedule of fertility as the  Dependency according to culturally prescribed
women population at that specific period of time.
 Fertility Rate 2.1 and above = Population Growth
 Less than 2.1 = population decline
II. ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF POPULATION
AGING
Life Expectancy

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ST. SCHOLASTICAS COLLEGE OF TACLOBAN CARE
OF OLDER ADULT
DONAIRE, CRISTINE DOMINIQUE E.
FIRST SEMESTER 2023
o Confucian Ethic- primary source of support is  Having to pay for medications or medical
the oldest son. consultations to effectively manage the condition.
o Other Asian countries no gender o The need to build health services and health
preferences. infrastructure required.
 Asia and Africa, older people depend of their families  Requires a shift toward preventive services as an
for needs (economic, social and emotional support integral part of medical care as an addition to curative
and assistance with ADL) services.
ASIAN MODEL OF ELDERLY CARE  Increasing average length of time between the onset
 Filial piety = virtue and primary duty of respect, of illness and death.
obedience, and care for one's parents and elderly o Infectious disease – period between onset
family members. and death is not normally prolonged.
 Social reciprocity requires that we repay in kind what o Chronic Disease – duration between onset
another has done for us. It can be understood as the and death is generally longer
expectation that people will respond favorably to each PROFILE OF OLDER FILIPINOS
other by returning benefits for benefits, and Derive Socio-economic issues based on the profile
responding with either indifference or hostility to 1. Sex Distribution of
harms. Older Filipinos
 “Utang na loob” =debts of gratitude a. Majority of
WESTERN CULTURES older
 Elderly appear less dependent on family networks people in
 Due to life ling autonomy and independence, elderly the
strongly value their privacy and their independence. Philippines
(Desire to be respected by family members) are in the
EUROPEAN SOCIETIES young
 Belief in social contract bet the citizen and the state elderly,
 State guarantees care of the elder ages, 60-
III. THE EPIDEMIOLOGIC TRANSITION: HEALTH 64 and 65-
IMPLICATIONS OF POPULATION AGING 69 years.
b. Men have
Epidemiologic Transition
relatively
 Describes the long term trend in mortality across “younger”
populations. composition. • As age advances, the
 It focuses on the complex change in patterns of health proportion of women relative to men
and disease and on the interactions between these increases.
patterns and their demographic, economic and c. Moreover, the gap between male and female
sociological determinants and consequences in a populations widens with increasing age.
population. 2. Marital Status
 Epidemiologic transition claims that long term decline a. The most predominant marital status is
in mortality levels is liked to changes in the major married.
causes of death in a population. b. A third of all elderly are widowed.
 Epidemiologic transition paralleled demographic c. 5 percent never married.
transition and is believed to go through three stages 3. Education
a. One in ten elderly has not gone to school.
b. Vast majority have gone through elementary
schooling only.
c. Minority of 10 percent had some college
education.
4. Regional Affiliation
a. The distribution of the elderly by Region is
but a reflection of the relative distribution of
the entire population across Regions.
b. The highest concentration of older people is
in the more densely populated regions of
Central Luzon, Southern Tagalog, NCR and
Western Visayas.
Labor Participation and Income Distribution
Emergence of Chronic Diseases (Noncommunicable
Diseases)
 Implications of High Prevalence of Chronic Diseases
in an Aging Population.
o High Health Care Cost

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ST. SCHOLASTICAS COLLEGE OF TACLOBAN CARE
OF OLDER ADULT
DONAIRE, CRISTINE DOMINIQUE E.
FIRST SEMESTER 2023

5. Employment
a. The percentage of the elderly whose
reported incomes fall in the bottom tier of the
income distribution categorized by selected
background characteristics;
b. Percentage with very low incomes generally
increases with advancing age.
c. Unmarried women are more likely to have
lower incomes than married ones.
d. Those with no education are most likely to
have low incomes compared with the better
educated.
e. Those who had accumulated assets in terms
of investments, own business, savings or
pensions are less likely to end up in the
bottom tier of the income distribution.
f. Very high percentage of those who have no
assets of their own and have to depend on
their children and other relatives end up with
the lowest incomes.
g. Those who live with married children or
alone with spouse only tend to have very low
income compared with those who live with
unmarried children or with others
6. Living Arrangement
a. The most dominant living arrangement is
living with a child.
b. The older elderly are more likely to live alone
or with others and are less likely to live with
any child, compared to the younger elderly.
c. Older elderly are less likely to have a living
spouse, and to have children who are still in
the family home.
d. In terms of gender, more females than males
live alone or live with others.
e. This table indicated the importance of having
children among the current cohort of the
elderly in the Philippines.
7. Activities of Daily Living
a. The table presents self reported difficulties in
performing selected activities of daily living;
walking around the house, eating without
assistance, bathing / using the toilet, and
dressing.
b. The percentages of having difficulty in
performing each of the ADL’s increase with
age.
c. Walking around and bathing are two of the
ADL’s most affected by increasing age.
d. There is no apparent gender differential.

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