VON REO SEMILLA 10/7/23

BSN2-B2 HES 032; MICROPARA

ACTIVITY 2
BACTERIAL CELL

A. Structure external to the cell wall

1. Glycocalyx - An outward complex of polysaccharide on

the bacterial surface and other cells. It
helps the bacteria to attach to the surface
of solid objects or tissue.
2. Flagella - An exterior protein filament (flagellin) that
rotates and thus, causes bacteria to be
motile, exhibits motility for locomotion.
Also, important in survivability and
pathogenic ability of bacteria.

3. Fimbriae and Pili - Conjugation and attachment among most

gram-negative bacteria.
B. Cell Wall - Provide rigidity, shape, and protection.
 C. Plasma (Cytoplasmic) Membrane
D. Structures internal to the cell wall
- It encloses the cytoplasm, and has an
important role such as respiration,
photosynthesis, and the synthesis of lipids
and cell wall constituents. Also, it has a
selective permeability, meaning that they
allow only certain substances to pass
through them.

1. Nucleoid - Contains genetic material.

2. Cytoplasm - Embedded within the cytoplasm are
chromosomes, ribosomes, and other
cytoplasmic structures. Surrounded by a
cell wall, cell membrane, and sometimes a
capsule or slime layer.
3. Ribosomes - Play an important role in the synthesis of
proteins.
4. Inclusions
a. Metachromatic granules - Serve as the energy source or food reserve
b. Sulfur granules of the bacteria, and composed mainly of
c. Lipid inclusions polysaccharides, they lessen osmotic
d. Polysaccharide granules pressure.

5. Endospores - A small, dormant structure located inside

the bacterial cell. It aids in the survival of
bacterial against external conditions.

1. Differentiate the structure of prokaryotic from eukaryotic cells (tabular form).

Eukaryotic Cell Prokaryotic Cell

Most common Simplest form
Possess membrane bound structures and a Lack membrane bound structures
nucleus Lack true nucleus
Found in most living things
- Cytoplasmic Particles
- Nucleus - Glycocalyx (Slime layers and Capsules)
- Endoplasmic Reticulum - Pili (fimbriae)
- Ribosomes - Spores
- Golgi Complex - Plasmid
- Lysosomes - Ribosomes
- Peroxisomes
- Mitochondria
- Plastids
- Cytoskeleton
- Nuclear Membrane
 2. Give the different arrangement of flagella and provide an example of each flagella
arrangement. (Illustrate each flagellar arrangement).

Flagella Type Description Example

Monotrichous Single flagella on one side Vibrio cholera
Lophotrichous Tuft of flagella on one end Pseudomonas Fluorescens
Amphitrichous Single or tuft on both ends Aqua spirillum Serpens
Peritrichous Flagella throughout the cells Salmonella typhi
ACTIVITY 3

STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS:

1. Describe the effect of antibiotics that target cell wall to pleomorphic type of bacteria.
- Antibiotics function by preventing the production of peptidoglycan, a crucial element of
the bacterial cell wall. By weakening the cell wall and causing cell lysis, this finally causes
the bacterium to perish.
2. What is the distinguishing feature of spirochete?
- They have a long, thin, spiral or wavy cell bodies and endoflagella that live within the
periplasmic space.
3. How can you describe the arrangements of the following morphology types with a microscope?
a. Staphylococcus – grape like cluster
b. Streptococcus – chains
c. Streptobacillus – arranged in chains and loosely tangled clumps.
d. Coccobacillus – short rods-shaped or ovals.
e. Vibrio – single or strung together in s-shapes or spirals.
f. Treponema spp. – helically coiled, corkscrew-shaped cells
g. Borrelia spp. – helical, irregularly coiled motile