TRAVEL AND TOURISM CH1 NOTES:

Chapter 1: Introducing the World’s Largest Industry, Tourism

● Tourism: the business of hospitality and travel
○ Has formed lobbying groups like the World Travel and Tourism Council (WCTT)

○ Has developed into an important part of the economic fabric of many industries,
and is one of the few industries that is sensitive to economic ups and downs

○ Destinations for travel have evolved and changed over time, with some places
growing more popular and some slowly losing popularity

○ The number of travelers to and from nations also varies drastically due to political
and economic changes
● Blind Men in Tourism Example Diagram- shows how tourism is made up of so many
things, a lot of differents aspects all connected together

○ Food & beverage, accommodations, destinations, travel agencies, transportation,

attractions & entertainment

○ Services and tourism go hand and hand

● History & Development of Tourism: has been transformed by many ‘game changers’

○ Travel began to evolve into tourism with the emergence of the Egyptian, Eastern
Mediterranean, and Roman Empires

○ Civilizations started/promoted travel and tourism by means of military travel,

commerce, religion, architecture, arts, wonders (7 wonders of the world), sports,
and escape/entertainment
■ Much of tourism is very similar in ancient times to what it is now

○ The Grand Tour Era (1613-1785) marked the height of luxurious travel and
tourism activities, with participants travelling throughout Europe often over the
course of several years

○ Mass tourism seeds were planted in the first half of the 20th century when
George Westinghouse created the “paid vacation”
■ This mass tourism created two groups- organizations mass tourists, who
had trips planned in groups by tour operators, and then individual mass
tourists, who followed popular attractions independently

○ August Cook- created a company for giving tours, did the planning and provided
guides, the company finally went bankrupt within the last decade

○ Industrialization- provided more discretionary time and money to people

■ Mass transportation also led to further travel
■ Travel became more efficient and cheape

Chapter 1: Introducing the World’s Largest Industry, Tourism

● Tourism Focus:
○ The primary reasons for travel are broken into three categories:
■ Vacation and leisure travel
■ Visits to friends and relatives (VFR)
■ Business and professional travel

● Impacts of Travel Across the World:

○ Measured on these three levels:
■ Economic
■ Sociocultural
■ Environmental

● Created Destinations: Places created for tourists to go for amusement

○ Walt Disney World
○ Las Vegas
○ Cruise ships
○ Dubai

● New Markets:
○ The BRIC countries
■ Brazil, Russia, India, China
■ All have large populations, emerging economies

● Information Technology:
○ Has created opportunities for the increase and expansion of travel and tourism
■ Brochures, travel agents, web, virtual maps, social media, smart phones

Introduction to Tourism
●Destination: a place to which one is journeying or a place worthy of travel or anextended visit
●Your visit determine whether you would be classified as a domestic or anoutgoing tourist
○The destination is abroad, may have been long haul or short haul
○If at home, it may
Covid
- The Travel and Tourism industry will not recover until 2024
Accommodations
●Used during you trip may have been serviced or self-catering
○Four star hotel ir a campsite
○Half or all inclusive meal plan
●Excursions/ Visits
○Maybe have been natural or built attractions and used services of a localtourist information
center or guide
●Type of Booking
○Through a travel agency, or direct with a tour operator
○Transport: land, air, sea may have made up parts of the holiday

Introduction to Tourism
●Destinations: places when tourism develops
●Tourist destinations are themselves influenced by prevailing social, cultural,environmental,
economic and political conditions

8/12/22Tourism
●Tourism is the temporary short term movement of people to a destinationoutside places where
there normally live and work, and their activities duringtheir stay at these destinations
●Main types of tourism
○Domestic Tourism
■Tourism is classifies as domestic when the trip take place within aperson's home
country
■If a traveler crosses one or more national borders this become international tourism
and they will be classified as an international arrival.

Domestic: International:
hawaii Southern France and Paris
Alaska Dominican Republic
California Italy
colorado Rotterdam, Netherlands
Seattle, Washington Bahamas

■Outbound vs. Inbound

●Example: an American citizen flying from Los Angeles toAuckland would be an
outbound tourist from the USA andan inbound tourist to New Zealand.
●What makes domestic travel convenient?
○No currency change, no time difference, no customs,shorter, financially
better, no visa/ passport required
●When the domestic dollar is strong, outbound travel will bemore attractive
●In 2013 New Zealand experienced an increase in domestictourism by 4%

8/16/22
Why People Travel?

●Tourism generating area: places where the majority of tourists originate

●Tourism receiving area: main areas to which the majority of tourists travel
3 Reasons Why People Travel
●VFR: Visiting Friends and Relatives
○Both MEDC’s and LEDC’s will have international travelers for the purpose of visiting
friends, and relatives
○Migration has had an influence on the large number of people working overseas, while
their families remain at home
○There will be a regular flow of expatriate workers traveling for home visits throughout
the year, but particularly at holiday and festival times
○Tourists usually spend money on transport and activities, but not onaccommodation
●Business Travel: people traveling for work related purposes as business tourists
○an important part of the global travel and tourism industry and it Is frequently referred
to as MICE
■M: Meetings
■I: Industry
■C: Conferences
■E: Exhibitions
○Examples:
■Meeting with colleagues
■Delegate at a conference
■Attendee at an exhibition
■Reward for past job

○Cost is
●Leisure: for pleasure and enjoyment
○Leisure tourists visit a destination to see an attraction, take part inactivities and to
experience a break from daily routine
○Leisure travelers are using their own money, and their travel is notwork-related
○Although it is possible to extend a work visit into a leisure visit
○Can be subdivided into day trippers and overnight visitors

8/17/22
Customer Focus
●By adapting the specific wants and needs of customers the travel and tourismindustry can
definitely be described as customer focused
Specialized Markets
●Motivation to travel is based on a specific reason
Medical Tourism
●Medical packages which offer cheaper general or cosmetic surgery abroad,followed by a period
of recuperation
Religious Tourism
●Religious journeys or pilgrimages to destinations such as Jerusalem, Lourdes andMecca
Adventure Tourism
●Such as trekking the jungles of Borneo or the mountains of Nepal
Cultural Tourism
Students also viewed
● Heritage tour visiting historical and cultural sites, often in cities such as Rome, Athens,
Florence, and Venice

Ecotourism
● Trip to experience the unspoiled natural environment and wildlife in destinations such as
Amazonia and Antarctica

Sports Tourism
● Trips to see a cricket or rugby team in a competition abroad or attending the FIFA World Cup
or the Olympics

Health and Spa Tourism

● Visits to a spa resort which offer health therapy and beauty treatments in luxurious relaxing
surroundings such as found at Kamalaya Koh Samui in Thailand

Dark Tourism
● Trips to the locations of former conflicts such as battlefields, or concentration camps such as
Auschwitz and Dauchu

Slum Tourism
● Organized excursions to informal settlements and impoverished areas as a more realistic form
of experiencing a country, by getting in touch with real people and the local culture
○ Ex: favela Da Rochina in Rio De Janeiro

Film Tourism
● A specific form of cultural tourism which reflects the growing interest and demand for
locations which become popular due to their appearance in films and TV series
○ Ex: New Zealand following the success of the hobbit

1. Adventure tourism: parasailing

2. Cultural tourism: europe - france or italy
3. Film tourism: Monte Carlo
4. Religious tourism: mission trip to South America (Colombia)
5. Ecotourism:

8/19/
Accessibility
● Safe, economical, convenient tourism, and other tourism-related infrastructure
● Easy, affordable access to destination
● Good international airport makes a destination more accessible
● People won't go where they don't feel safe
● If you can move around a destination easily, you will attract more people.

Built and Natural Attractions:

● An ideal destination will have a broad mix of built and natural attractions as this creates the
broadest appeal to visitors
Climate:
● Affects people’s motivation for travel. Favorable climate conditions are key attractions for
tourists, especially beaches
● Travelers seem to like warm dry climates
● Mountain tourism or winter sport tourism is highly dependent on weather conditions
Traditions
● These are long-established customs that people from different cultures continue to practice
● Visitors are often invited to participate in these customs
● Ex: Maori cooking techniques of the New Zealand

Language:
● Language reflects the nature and values of a society. Some countries have 2 or 3 languages.
Tourists often choose to travel to destinations where there is no communication barrier
● English is without a doubt the universal language in tourism terms

Gastronomy:
● Some tourists will choose a destination where the local food and beverages are the main
motivating factors for travel
● Traveling to taste the local specialty food and beverages tends to be a domestic tourism
activity, with visitors traveling to places to eat and drink specific local produce
● Ex: Barcelona, cultural tourists can book onto the gastronomic treasure hunt

8/22/

Culture:
● Refers to s way of life of a group of people, the behaviors, beliefs, values, and symbols that
they accept.
● Culture is passed along by communication and imitation from generations.
Dress
● For people from certain cultures the dress code within a destination is an important factor

Handicraft:
●Crafts reflect the artistic sense, feelings and cultural characteristics of adestination
●People often choose destinations which offer traditional handicrafts, although itis unlikely to be
a main travel motivation when combines with other cultural‘pulls’ it might be one of the reasons
why people visit a place

Events:
●These are an important reason why visitors choose a certain destination atparticular times of the
year
●There are many different types of events held around the world each year
8/29/22
Scale of the Travel and Tourism Industry:
●Travel and tourism is truly a global economic activity.
●Tourism is one of the largest industries or economic sectors contributing trillions of dollars
annually to the global economy, creating jobs and wealth, generating exports, boosting taxes, and
stimulating capital investment
●UNWTO collects and interprets huge sets of data and relates the size, scale, andsignificance of
the travel and tourism industry world wide

Data Collecting Regarding Tourism:

●How many visitors each year?
●How many visitors does the destination get monthly?
●How long do they stay?
●Where do they stay?
●How much money do they spend per day on average?
●What is the purpose of their visit?

MEDCs
●Traditionally MEDCs such as the U.S, Canada, Western European countries, and Australia
produce the most tourists
●Although things are starting to change with the change in the distribution ofwealth.
●MEDCs have also played the role of tourism receiver, because of their advancedinfrastructure
and tendency for political stability.

Planes, Trains, and Automobiles:

●Nowadays, tourists are prepared to travel further afield, take greater risks andsee life in less
well-developed countries
●This has given rise to emerging destinations in former LEDCs such as Botswana and the
Maldives
●Tourism helps develop LEDCs

Employees:

● Travel and tourism has a number of people employed directly and indirectly in the industry
● Front office in hotels restaurants, travel agencies, tourism information offices, aircrafts, cruise
lines, resorts or shopping outlets provide direct employment because their employees are in
contact with tourists and cater for tourist demand
● Indirect employment: activities like restaurant suppliers, construction companies that build and
maintain tourist facilities, as well as necessary infrastructure, aircraft manufacturers, various
handicraft producers, marketing agencies and accounting services
● Travel Agent (direct)
● This information also helps with tourism forecasting, to ensure the industry is operating as
efficiently as a profitability as possible.
1. Accurate staffing to provide enough staff without losing money on payroll
2. Have enough supplies (ex: food,perishable items) without running out
 3. Ensure that transportation is readily accessible.
4. Make sure that the attractions are open and available.

9/1/22
Development of the Modern Travel and Tourism Industry:
● In the MEDCs tourism has evolved from an elite, minority activity some 200 years ago into
mass participation activity, accessible to and enjoyed by the majority of the population
● Today between 70-85% of the population of Western Europe and other developed countries
participate in tourism and domestic or international travel.

Economic Factors- Changes in the National GDP:

● Range of factors can affect the travel and tourism industry, and we now need to look at the
most important ones.

Levels of Disposable Income:

● The main variable that definitely influences tourist movements positively is growth in GNP
● GNP growth increase disposable income hence the willingness and ability to consume various
goods, services, including and increase tourist demand

Changes in Distribution of Wealth:

● At the end of the 20th century wealth was concentrated among the G7 Nations (France,
Germany, Japan, UK, US, Canada)
● Economists suggest that the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) countries
hold the key to economic growth for the future.

Changes in employment opportunities :

● Because it is an economic indicator, employment rates affect tourism
● Without sufficient income people will not travel

Changes In currency exchange rates:

● Most major economies operate a floating exchange rate system
● This means the currencies value is allowed to fluctuate in accordance with the foreign
exchange market
● Travelers to foreign countries have to convert funds to that particular country’s currency so
they can spend money locally

Infrastructure development and improvement:

● Private companies will develop infrastructure that destinations need
● However, they will not begin to develop without the basic infrastructure that governments
would need to support.

Social Factors: Aging Population:

● According to the United Nations projections, the number of people aged 60 years or above will
grow from 810 million in 2012, to nearly 2 billion by 2050
● A demographic shift towards older generations will change the needs of the average consumer
and will thus change the global market.

“The gray market”

● Increased life expectancy
● Healthier
● More available income
● No family obligations
● More free time
● Very profitable target market: gives tourism providers an opportunity to develop products and
services for them

Leisure Time:
● Work hard play hard
● Increase flexibility of working hours
● Paid leave
● Retire fitter than past generations
● Younger travelers taking time to travel prior to career onset

New Family Structure:

● Evolving family structures- evolving
● Declining marriage rates
● Single travelers
● Two parent families declining
● Destinations have to cater to all markets
● DINKS: Dual Income No Kids

Increase Awareness of Health

● Travel is a string force in the emergence of disease since the migration of humans has been the
pathway for spreading infectious diseases through history
● It will continue to shape the emergence, frequency and spread of infections in populations

9/9/ 22
Political Factors:
● Political change can either increase or decrease a country’s attractiveness for tourism
● If a country is perceived as unstable tourism will plummet.
●If a country is perceived as unsafe and then change results in a feeling ofincreased stability, the
country can slowly recover
●Examples: 9/11, Tunisia, Kenya

Civil and Political Unrest:

●Can be in the form of violent demonstrations, uprisings and riots
●These types of incidents have caused major declines in tourism demand invarious parts of the
world
●They have the ability to paralyze or severely impact the local tourism industrydue to trip
cancellations and shift of bookings to safer alternative destinations

Crime Rates:
●Typically increase with the growth of mass tourism
●The presence of a large number of tourists with a lot of money to spend, carrying valuables,
attracts criminals which brings activities like robbery, and drug dealing.

Changes in Security Measures:

●Security issues have gained much greater importance in the last two decades intourism
●Perceived or real threats to visit safety have immediate impacts on a destination’sreputation and
can dramatically affect the number of visitors it receives

Airport Security:
●significant change over the past 20 years
●New processes to protect crew and passengers
●The technology in the airports have increased the levels of security

Current Security Requirements

●Check-in
●Hand Luggage
●Body Scanner
●Passport control Boarding Pass Check
●Baggage Check

Visa Requirements
●In order for a country to generate international tourism- it must make the destination easy to
visit
● VISA policies are among the most important governmental formalities influencing
international tourism

VISA Functions:
● Ensure security
● Control Immigration
● Limit entry
● Duration of stay for travelers
● Activities if Travelers
● Globally there is a big variety in visa policies from countries allowing almost any citizen to
enter freely to countries requesting visas indiscriminately

Changes to Legislations:
● Very few countries have specific tourism legislations
● There are however various laws that have bearing on tourism operate practices
Relate To
● Protection of tourists
● Border controls
● Quality of services
● Protection of environment
● Conservation of historical sites and monuments
● Tourism industry regulations and the relationship between the various segments of the travel
and tourism industry.

9/12/ Licensing Approved Operators

● Many countries will legislate the provision and tourism services through licensing and
approved operators
● Including running a hotel or guesthouse, providing boat tours or working as a tour guide.

Why is it Necessary?
● The intention is to protect the interests of and promote better outcomes for consumers
● Its protection from unfair/ unjust conduct
● Unsafe/defective goods

Employment Law
● May affect tourism provision because of the directives about the number of hours employees
are permitted
● Regulations about health and safety

Anti-Discrimination Legislation
● Varies from country to country
● Most countries operate laws criminalizing all forms of discrimination on the grounds of
religion, race, ethnic origin
● Protect the rights to fair access to products and services for disabled travelers
● Attitudes toward same-gender marriages, gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender visitors differ
big time from country to country

Customer Focus
● Providing consumer protection for tourists is a clear way in which the travel and tourism
industry can prove it is customer focused as well as being market-driven

9/13/ Transport Technology

● Air, rail, water, land
○ Water: cruise, ferry
○ Land: rv, car, bus
○ Steel rails: train
○ Sky: planes
Infrastructure
● Transportation systems have expanded as new technologies are developed to make more travel
efficient and comfortable for trvaeling the public
● Tracks, roadways, ports, terminal facilities
● Transport technology

Developments in Information Tecnology

● E-tourism i the biggest force in e-commmerce
● The last ten years has seen rapid expansion of the internet based services
● 24/7/365 availability has transformed customr interaction with hotels
● Why is technology good for customers
○ Convenience for online booking
○ Available 24/

Social Media
● Huge impact on tourism

○ Example: most accommodation providers, airlines, travel agencies, tour operators, visitor
attractions and car rental firms
○ They are in it for profit
○ What do we know about profit?
■ It can be raken as profit
■ Reinvested in the business to create future success

Non-commercial organizations- not for profit

● The term public sector refers to services provided for the population that are financed from
public money
○ Ex: education services, police, public libraries, refuse collection and various tourism and
leisure facilities
○ Since they are not motivated by money they may focus on other areas of importance
○ Ex: conservation/ environmental protection
○ Funded sometimes by memberships, donations, grants

10/4/
UNWTO
● United Nations World Tourism Organization
● Is a specialized agency of the United Nations and leading international organization of the
field of tourism
● Global Forum
● Complies world Rankings
● Represents public sector tourism
● Collates statistical data on Tourism Consular Services
● Consular assistance is help and advice provided by diplomatic agents of a country to citizens
who are living or trvaeling overseas
● Replacement of travel documents
● Advice or support in case of an accident, serious illness or death
● Repatriation of people under any circumstances
● In the U the Bureau of Consular Affairs is part of the Dept of State
● Repatriation: the process of returning a person to their place of origin or citizenship

10/7/
First Class
● Extra value services and goods that travel and tourism companies sell
● Things that providers sell above and beyond the basic fare

● Generally for the comfort and satisfactionfor the consumer

● Ex: wifi on planes, headphones, entertainment

10/13/
Tour Operators
● The chain of distribution indicates that tour operators can be regarded as product builders
● Your operators can create a new product by combining or packaging the basic products or
components by primary suppliers

Travel Agent
● Acts as brokers for the tourist
● Can arrange everything from tour operators to accommodation
● Receives commissions from their suppliers such as hotels, food, and beverage establishments
and tour operators.
● Travel agencies: can act as agents for a variety of principles who are suppliers of travel
products
● Travel agencieies sell on behalf of airlines, rail companies, hotels, tour operators, car- hire
companies, and currency suppliers
● Agencies are under threat as many consumers not make their own arrangements using the
internet
TRAVEL AND TOURISM CH2 NOTES
1. Give a broad explanation of
tourism and explain why people
are motivated to travel
○ Tourism is a developing and
dynamic customer driven-source
that is the world's
biggest industry when all its
interrelated components are placed
under one
umbrella: tourism, travel; lodging;
conventions, expositions,
meetings, and
events; restaurants and managed
services; assembly, destination,
and event
management; and recreation.
Tourism takes charge as a
fundamental job in
confining the different
administrations that hospitality
organizations
perform.Numerous things persuade
an individual to travel. An
excursion can be a
deliberately arranged campaign or
an unconstrained plan to visit a
specific spot.
In any case, making a trip has the
ability to carry a new point of view
alongside a
feeling of restoration into an
individual's life. In many cases,
travel can be the
resolution for an individual who
feels that their everyday schedule
has gotten
stale and unoriginal. Making a trip
permits an individual to encounter
a difference
in air that frequently revives their
reasoning. Essentially going from
a country
town to a huge city can change an
individual's point of view and
recharge their
spirits
1. Give a broad explanation of
tourism and explain why people
are motivated to travel
○ Tourism is a developing and
dynamic customer driven-source
that is the world's
biggest industry when all its
interrelated components are placed
under one
umbrella: tourism, travel; lodging;
conventions, expositions,
meetings, and
events; restaurants and managed
services; assembly, destination,
and event
management; and recreation.
Tourism takes charge as a
fundamental job in
confining the different
administrations that hospitality
organizations
perform.Numerous things persuade
an individual to travel. An
excursion can be a
deliberately arranged campaign or
an unconstrained plan to visit a
specific spot.
In any case, making a trip has the
ability to carry a new point of view
alongside a
feeling of restoration into an
individual's life. In many cases,
travel can be the
resolution for an individual who
feels that their everyday schedule
has gotten
stale and unoriginal. Making a trip
permits an individual to encounter
a difference
in air that frequently revives their
reasoning. Essentially going from
a country
town to a huge city can change an
individual's point of view and
recharge their
spirits
Q.Give a broad explanation of tourism and explain why people are motivated to travel?
○ Tourism is a developing and dynamic customer driven-source that is the world's
biggest industry when all its interrelated components are placed under one
umbrella: tourism, travel; lodging; conventions, expositions, meetings, and
events; restaurants and managed services; assembly, destination, and event
management; and recreation. Tourism takes charge as a fundamental job in
confining the different administrations that hospitality organizations
perform. Numerous things persuade an individual to travel. An excursion can be a
deliberately arranged campaign or an unconstrained plan to visit a specific spot.
In any case, making a trip has the ability to carry a new point of view alongside a
feeling of restoration into an individual's life. In many cases, travel can be the
resolution for an individual who feels that their everyday schedule has gotten
stale and unoriginal. Making a trip permits an individual to encounter a difference
in air that frequently revives their reasoning. Essentially going from a country
town to a huge city can change an individual's point of view and recharge their
spirits

Q.2. Provide a brief explanation of the economic impact of tourism. Name two organizations
that influence or further the economic impact of tourism?

○The World Travel and Tourism Council states that the revenue from travel
and tourism will be $1.850 billion in 2011 and will rise by 4.2 percent each
year. The total contribution of travel and tourism to GDP, including its wider
economic impacts, is forecast to be $9,226.9 billion by 2021. The total
contribution of travel and tourism to employment, including jobs indirectly
supported by the industry, is forecasted to rise to 323,826,000 jobs by
2021. Tourism also accounts for 7.72 million jobs in the United States. The
United States is second to France in the number of tourists but first in
tourism revenues.
■National offices of tourism (NOT)-improve economy by increasing
number of visitors in the country
■Destination Management Companies (DMC's)-Service that offers a
host of programs and services to meet clients needs

Q3. Describe how popular methods of tourist travel have changed over the last 50 years.

○ Our methods of tourist travel have definitely evolved over the years but the most
significant change was the fact that we are traveling further but not more
frequently. It is more common for tourists to save for big trips and splurge instead
of smaller frequent trips.

4. What is the purpose of

international tourist organizations?
○ UNWTO promotes tourism
as a driver of economic growth,
inclusive
development and environmental
sustainability and offers
leadership and
support to the sector in
advancing knowledge and
tourism policies
worldwide.
5. Choose a career in tourism
business and give a brief overview
of what your
responsibilities would be.
○ My career in tourism business
would be as an event planner for
guests attending
my hospitable accommodations.
My responsibilities would be to
work with
clients to identify their needs
and ensure customer
satisfaction. I would
also Organize facilities and
details such as decor, catering,
entertainment,
transportation, location, invitee
list, special guests, equipment,
Q.4. What is the purpose of international tourist organizations?

○UNWTO promotes tourism as a driver of economic growth, inclusive

development and environmental sustainability and offers leadership and
support to the sector in advancing knowledge and tourism policies
worldwide.

Q5. Choose a career in tourism business and give a brief overview of what your
responsibilities would be?

○ My career in tourism business would be as an event planner for guests attending

my hospitable accommodations. My responsibilities would be to work with
clients to identify their needs and ensure customer satisfaction. I would
also Organize facilities and details such as decor, catering, entertainment,
transportation, location, invitee list, special guests, equipment,
promotional material etc.

Q6. In what ways is the typical business traveler different than someone traveling for
pleasure?

○ A typical business traveler is different than someone traveling for pleasure is that
they are traveling with the purpose of fulfilling work goals and completing what
needs to be done in their job. A leisurely travel consists of having the purpose of
enjoyment and having no stress.

Q7. Discuss the positive and negative impacts that tourism can have on a country.
○Positive impact of tourism:
■◦ Creates employment opportunities for local people
■ ◦ Promotes cultural awareness and can help preserve local culture and
traditions.
■ ◦ Income from tourists can be used to develop local infrastructure and
services.
■ ◦ Foreign currency can help local people
■ ◦ Natural features that attract tourists in the first place can beprotected
using income from tourism
○Negative effects of tourism
■◦ Tourism can have a negative environmental impact. This is at a rangeof
scales.
■◦ The increase in air travel has contributed towardsincreased carbon dioxide
emissions. On a local level natural featuresthat attract tourists are
themselves under threat due to humanactions.
○◦ Often local people are employed in low skill, poorly paid work inunsatisfactory
working conditions
○◦ Travel agents, airline companies and hoteliers benefit more than local
companies.
○◦ Help destroy local culture and traditions
TRAVEL AND TOURISM CH3 NOTES:
Chapter 1: Introducing the
World’s Largest Industry,
Tourism
● Tourism Focus:
○ The primary reasons for travel
are broken into three categories:
■ Vacation and leisure travel
■ Visits to friends and relatives
(VFR)
■ Business and professional travel
● Impacts of Travel Across the
World:
○ Measured on these three levels:
■ Economic
■ Sociocultural
■ Environmental
● Created Destinations: Places
created for tourists to go for
amusement
○ Walt Disney World
○ Las Vegas
○ Cruise ships
○ Dubai
● New Markets:
○ The BRIC countries
■ Brazil, Russia, India, China
■ All have large populations,
emerging economies
● Information Technology:
○ Has created opportunities for the
increase and expansion of travel
and tourism
■ Brochures, travel agents, web,
virtual maps, social media, smart
ph