Classifying Tourists

There are many different types of tourist,

which can be classified in a number of ways:
1. By product

Mass Tourism Alternative Tourism

Package tour Ecotourism
2. By nature of activity:
Active Passive
Adventure tourism Sightseeing
Ecotourism Beach holiday
golf cruise
Location preferences
Coastal Rural City Mountain Lake
Costa Garrotxa Barcelona Pyrenees Banyoles
Brava
Duration of trip and distance travelled

Day Trip Weekend break Annual holiday

Local National International
By purpose
Business or Pleasure

Pleasure: need for change, see things

1. Cultural (ethnic)
2. (history, heritage
3. Nature-based (eco-) tourism
4. Farm-based, rural tourism
5. Personal development, health
6. Visit friends, family
7. Social status
8. Recreation
By age/socio-economic group

Back- Empty DINKS SINKS Early/active Boomers Youth

packers nesters retirees
Backpackers: 18-24 years, no children. Attracted to adventurous
activity. Consider themselves travellers not tourists. Generally well-
educated. Cost conscious.

DINKS: Double Income No Kids.

SINKS: Single Income No Kids.
Both Dinks and Sinks: Younger people, between 25 and 35 years of age,
no children, affluent.
Empty Nesters: Parents whose children have flown the family nest.
Between 45 and 55 of age, well educated, high disposable income.
Boomers: Members of the baby boom generation in the 1950s.

Youths: Between 18 and 25 of age, not well-educated, low disposable

income,are used to travelling (have learned it during the upbringing)
and know how to indulge the good life'.
 Other Types and Forms of Tourism

1. According to time period short-term (up to 3 days) long-term (>7

days)
2. According to way of organization organized (by travel agency)
individual (families on their own)
3. According to place of destination
international tourism (prevails on Europe) domestic tourism
(prevails in large countries - USA, Canada)
4. According to direction of tourist flows
incoming tourism outgoing tourism
Forms of Tourism
Many forms of tourism are classified by typical
features of spending time in the destination

Seaside Tourism

• Recreation by the sea, water sports (swimming,

rowing, sailing, surfing, windsurfing)
Mountain Tourism
1. mountain hiking climbing, biking, Sport tourism
2. winter sports - skiing, snowboarding, cross-country skiing
3. summer sports, extreme sports (rafting, paragliding, sky
diving, etc.)
4 sport events (world championships), Cultural tourism 5.
historical sites, buildings and monuments
6. places of historical events,
Health tourism e.g. battles (Waterloo), catastrophes
(Pompeii),
7. spas, fitness, relaxation, wellness
Rural Tourism
Ecotourism - besides relaxation, people work in farms
rearing animals, participating in farming processes, i.e.
dairying processing of vines, taking care of horses, etc.
Event and gastronomic tourism
1. music, theatre or beer festivals

2. trying wines and meals of regions abroad

Shopping tourism

to go for shopping abroad due to lower

prices of goods, e.g. from SK to PL, CZ
Business tourism

international /national/regional/local
conferences, seminars, business trips, etc.
 Three Main Elements of Travel and
Tourism
1. Visitor activity is concerned only with aspects of life
outside normal routines of work and social commitments.

2. The activity necessitates travel and in nearly every case,

some form of transport to the destination.

3. Specific destinations are the focus for a range of

activities and a range of facilities required to support those
activities.
Principal Terms in Defining Travel and
Tourism
1. Visitors - describe all the travelers who fall
within agreed definitions of tourism
2. Tourists - describe visitors who stay overnight
at a destination.
3. Same-Day Visitors - describe visitors who arrive
and depart on the same day
Four Different Perspectives of Tourism
1. The Tourist

The tourist seeks various psychic and physical

experiences and satisfactions. The nature of these
will largely determine the destination chosen and
the activities enjoyed.
2. The Businesses

Businesses people see tourism as an opportunity

to make profit by supplying the goods and
services that the tourist market demands.
3. The Government of the Host Community or Area

Politicians view tourism as a wealth factor in the economy of

their jurisdictions. Their perspective is related to the income
their citizens can earn from this business. Politicians also
consider the foreign exchange receipts from international
tourism as well as the tax receipts collected from tourist
expenditures, either directly or indirectly. The government can
play an important role in tourism policy, development,
promotion, and implementation
4. The Host Community

Local people usually see tourism as a cultural and

employment factor. Important to this group, for
example, is the effect of the interaction between large
numbers of international visitors and residents. This
effect may be beneficial or harmful, or both.
a. International Tourism
• Inbound Tourism - visits to a country by nonresidents.
• Outbound Tourism -visits by residents of a country to another
country.
b. Internal Tourism - visits by residents and non-residents of the
country reference.
c. Domestic Tourism - visits by residents of a country to their
own country
d. National Tourism - internal tourism plus outbound tourism.
Tourism Chain
1. The Travel Agents

Typically a generalist "shop" or chain of retail outlets

that offers a broad range of domestic and international
travel services to consumers who can drop in for face
to face discussion with a sales person in their own
towns or neighborhoods.
2. The Outbound Operator

Typically operators who specialize in a particular

geographic region such as Amazon or South America,
or on specific activity such as a birdwatching or
mountain climbing.
3. The Inbound Operator

Located in the destination country, they provide

complete packages of services from arrival in the
country to departure.
4. Local Service Providers

Outside the big cities, near the natural

attractions, these may be local lodge and hotel
owners, local transport providers, community-
based ecotourism enterprises and local owners.
 EARLY (AND LATER) TOURIST
ATTRACTIONS

The seven Wonders of the Ancient World

1. The great pyramids of Egypt including
Sphinx
2. The hanging Gardens of Babylon, sometimes including
the Walls of Babylon and the Palace, in what is now Iraq.
3. The Tomb of Mausolus at Halicarnassus, in
what is now Turkey
4. The Statue of Zeus at Olympia in Greece
5. The Colossus of Rhodes, as an island
belonging to Greece
6. The Great Lighthouse (Pharos) in
Alexandria, Egypt
7. The Temple of Artemis (also called the Temple of Diana
at Ephesus, at the time part of Greece, now in Turkey