HISTORY OF TOURISM

EARLY TOURISM

• From the Hebrew word torah means

studying , learning and searching.

Early tourism has two forms:

1. Travel for business
2. Religious Travel
1. Travel for Business

• CUNEIFORM WRITING - a form of writing discovered by

Sumerians.
- CUNEIFORM- a system of writing as an old Egyptian
hieroglyphics (writing using a picture symbol).
• STYLUS – sharp-pointed instrument to inscribe wedge-
shaped characters on soft clay tables.
Cuneiform Stylus
2. Religious Travel

• Travel for religion took the form for the Pilgrimages

to places of worship.
• They travel to fulfill the row in the case of illness, of
great danger or a penance for sin.
• In the 14th century, St. James of Galicia was the
foremost destination of English Pilgrim.
• St. James the Greater, one of the world’s most
popular apostle.
TOURISM IN THE MEDIEVAL PERIOD

• People decline to travel because war is

rampant.
• Travel became burdensome, dangerous and
demanding.
•Crusaders and pilgrim were the only ones
who traveled.
•No one traveled for pleasure.
TOURISM DURNG THE RENAISSANCE AND
ELIZABETHAN ERAS

• Travel for education became popular in the

16th century and was introduced by British.
• Grand Tour- travel to widen the knowledge.
• Spas- the remedy to sought the sick.
Travelers immersed themselves in the
healing waters.
TOURISM DURING THE INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION

• Major changes and type of tourism

development but also essential social changes
that made desirable as a recreational
activity.
• People have their own disposable income.
• Travelers travel to escape from
responsibilities and crowded city.
TOURISM IN THE 19th CENTURY

• Railway and steamboats were

introduced.
• Thomas Cook- most famous travel
organizer. He is the Father of
Tourism
TOURISM IN THE 20th CENTURY

• Development of transportations like airplanes

were paved its way.
• Business and trade prospered in developed
countries influencing people to travel and explore
the world.
• Many countries realized the significance of
tourism thus it leads them in promoting their
country.
DIMENSION OF TOURISM
AND TRAVEL
FIVE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF TOURISM

• Because of its complexity, tourism is a combination of

phenomenon and relationships.
• Its has two elements; the dynamic element (journey) and the
static element( the stay)
• The journey and stay are to and in destination outside the
place of residence and work.
• The movement of destination is temporary and short-term
with the intention to return within a few days, weeks or
months.
• Destinations are visited for purpose.
TRAVEL MOTIVATORS

• Escape • Main social contacts

• Relaxation • Convince oneself of one’s
• Relief of tension achievement
• Sun lust • Self discovery
• Physical • Education
• Health • Cultural
• Family Togetherness • Wanderlust
• Interpersonal Relations • Scenery
• Roots or ethnics
ECONOMIC IMPACT OF TOURISM

• SOURCE OF INCOME
 Travelers and tourist purchase goods
and services. It is “new” money, that is
money is generated from internal
economic activity but brought to the
area by tourists.
• EMPLOYMENT
 In an area being developed by
tourism, new hotels, motels and other
lodging establishments must be built.
This creates job. Wages were paid to
employees.
• FOREIGN EXCHANGE
A nation needs foreign exchange to pay
for goods and services imported from
abroad, and tourism is one the principal
means of earning it.
SOCIAL IMPACT OF TOURISM

• RESENTMENT
 Tourists going to poor, less-developed countries
sometimes creates feelings of resentment and
jealousy among local population.
• FAMILY PROBLEMS
Tourism can affect the relationships of local
residents when one or more members of the family
work in the tourism industry.
• SOCIAL PROBLEMS
 Many hospitality workers that comes from other
areas settle among the local population. New
residents act differently and may experience culture
shock.
• CRIME AND VIOLENCE
 Tourists who travel with a larger amount of money
can be the target of amateur and professional
thieves.
SECTORS OF THE TRAVEL INDUSTRY

• AIR INDUSTRY
 includes airlines of all sizes and sorts as well as the
industry that directly supports them such as airlines
catering, governmental organizations and airports.
(e.g PAL, CebuPac, Air Philippines)
• LODGING COMPANIES
 includes hotels, motels, condominiums, timeshares,
lodge, all-suites hotels and campgrounds.
• TRAVEL AGENCIES
 business that helps the public to their travel plans and
needs.
• FOOD SERVICES
 any type of restaurants, hotel and dining catering.
• CAR RENTALS
 e.g Avis Rent a Car, Mudan Automotive, Midnight Rent a
Car
• RAIL TRAVEL
• MEETINGS AND CONVENTIONS
 travel industry facilitates the event functions of all sizes for
business organizations and societies.
• SPORTS AND ENTERTAINMENT
 Many people travel to watch sports or concerts.
• ATTRACTIONS
• THEME PARKS
• STORES AND SHOPS
• PARKS AND RECREATION PROGRAMS
• GOVERNMENTAL REGULATORY
 Travel was once highly regulated by governmental organizations. Such as
aircrafts maintenance air traffics, airports and cruise line policies, are
still overseen by government entries.
• DESTINATION MARKETING ORGANIZATIONS
 Organizations whose main purpose is to promote and facilitate travel.
• RESEARCH COMPANIES
 These segments of the travel industry rely on demographic and
psychographic information about their costumers. Some have their own in-
house research departments. They cleverly analyze the consumer
marketplace and take actions to adjust to those findings to increase
business.
• INSURANCE COMPANIES
 Travel is subject to many unpredictable factors, that
is why some corporations specialize protecting
travelers from unanticipated incidents such as loss of
luggage, missed airlines connections, illness and
accidents.
• FINANCIAL COMPANIES
 Certain banks have close relationship with travel
related business.
• TECHNOLOGY PROVIDERS
 Reservation system, database developers, web site
designers have become essential for the industry’s
success.
• TRADE ASSOCIATIONS
Most industries have organizations that represent their interests.
(e.g: Philippine Bartender League, Hotel and Restaurant
Association of the Philippines)
• TRAVEL PUBLICATIONS
 This sector is divided into two general categories: Consumer
publications target the traveling public and trade publications
address the readership of travel professionals.
• PROFESSIONAL SERVICE
 there are number of occupational groups that specialize travel-
related issues such as attorneys, accountants, advertising
agencies, public relations firms, travel writers and photographers,
speakers and travel teachers.