Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TOURISM
PRESENTED BY
SIMRAN KAUR
M B A 2 ND Y E A R
TOURISM
• Stable locations
• Huge financial investments
• Unstable demand
• Perishability
OBJECTIVES OF TOURISM
ECONOMIC OBJECTIVES
• Employment creation
• Increasing foreign currency earnings
MULTIPLIER EFFECT
ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVES
• Environmental education and improvement
• Preservation of wildlife habitats
• Conservation and regeneration
SOCIO-CULTURAL OBJECTIVES
• Promoting cultural understanding
• Creating a national identity
REASONS FOR GROWTH OF TOURISM
• Sightseeing
• Leisure
• Sports
• Shopping
• Governmental travel
• Reunions
• Special interest groups
• Business
• Education
• Pilgrimage
TYPES OF TOURISTS
• A temporary visitor who is visiting an area for more than a day (24 hours) for business
purpose, for pleasure, or in connection with sporting, educational or religious activities
• 3 types:
i. Visitor
ii. Traveller
iii. Excursionist
VISITOR
• Any person travelling to a place other than that of his/her usual residence for less than
12 months and whose main purpose of the trip is other than the exercise of an activity
remunerated from within the place visited.
• Stay more than 24 hours and less than 1 month
• Not involved in any earning activities
• 2 types of visitors
i. International visitor
ii. Domestic visitor
TRAVELLER
• Any person on a trip between two or more countries or between two or more localities
within his/her country of usual residence
• Appellation traveller is generic that it is relevant to any form of movement of a person
irrespective of the distance travelled
• No specific time for their stay
• Not involved in any earning activities
EXCURSIONIST
• Any person visiting a country other than his residence and remaining less than 24
hours
• Includes cruise passengers
• Should not get involved in earning activities
TOURIST DESTINATION
• ‘tourism-place’ products
• Comprise attractions, amenities and activities, ancillary services and points of access
• Travel destinations to see historical sites, natural wonders or buildings
• Different types of tourist destinations
i. Coastal tourism
ii. Urban tourism
iii. Rural tourism
COASTAL TOURISM
• Towns and cities attract many tourists by growing interest in cultural activities
• Visits to museums and art gallery and leisure activities like shopping and
entertainment to sports
• Rich culture and heritage, delicious food and designer shops
• Cityscapes including shopping and entertainment districts, parks and recreations
RURAL TOURISM
• Created to serve the needs of people who travelled outside their usual places of
residence for a period of not more than a year and not less than 24 hours
• Include accommodation, food services, transportation, travel intermediaries, special
event services, and attractions
• Provides incentives to foster quality of environment, generates more employment
opportunities and develops necessary infrastructural facilities
• Tourists can be divided into : domestic tourists and foreign tourists
SERVICES RELATED TO TOURISM
• Service sectors related to tourism includes airlines, hotels, transport(local), tourist
guides, security/police, basic sanitation and other amenities at tourist places
• Due to the emergence of low-cost airlines, which offers better connectivity within the
country, the developing countries are slowly entering into tourism market
• Hospitality frequently refers to the hospitality-industry jobs for hotels, restaurants,
casinos, catering, resorts, clubs and any other service position that deals with tourists
• Training the personnel so that they better serve the tourists is one of the challenges
that any tourism-projecting country has
• Rise in corporate activity – leading to a greater number of business trips – and more
pronounced aspiration to travel on holiday have made hotel industry very competitive
TOURISM AS AN INDUSTRY
• Recognized by the products which are required to satisfy the demand for travel,
accommodation, food, and beverage away from home
• Tourism-related businesses, agencies and organizations need to work together to give
best overall “travel experience”
• Contributes immensely to growth of GDP
• It is expected that nearly 54% of expenditure by tourists is spent for wages and salaries
of the staff in the tourism sector
• Expressed as “export” industry as it provides foreign exchange earnings with the arrival
of international tourists
COMPONENTS OF TOURISM
INDUSTRY
ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF TOURISM
INDUSTRY
• Generation of employment opportunities
• Earns foreign exchange without exporting anything tangible
• Leads to balanced regional development
• Improve per capita income and standard of living
• Facilitates development of basic infrastructural facilities
• Promotes a hub by economic activities
• Promotes related industries
SIGNIFICANCE OF TOURISM
• Raising awareness
• Promoting image
• Generate action/response
• Convincing consumers of hospitality
• Motivating consumers
• Stimulate desire
• Impact sales
• Generating buzz
GENERAL TOURISM TRENDS
• Product diversification
• Transport developments
• Information technology
• Societal trends and changing consumption patterns
• Responsible tourism
NEW TRENDS OF TRAVEL
• Impact of millennials
• Unstoppable seniors
• Rise of conspicuous leisure
• Growth of ‘creative’ tourism
• Strength of luxury travel
• More multigenerational travel
CATEGORIES OF TOURISM
• Religious tourism
• Historical tourism
• Social tourism
• Health tourism
• Senior tourism
• Adventure tourism
• Sports tourism
• Business tourism
• Special interest tourism
RELIGIOUS TOURISM
• Also called as pilgrimage tourism or spiritual tourism
• World’s largest form of mass religious tourism takes place at the annual Hajj
pilgrimage in Mecca, Saudi Arabia
• Most famous holy cities are Jerusalem, Mecca and Varanasi.
• Amarnath, Vaishno Devi, Badrinath, Kedarnath, Varanasi, Ujjain, Haridwar-Rishikesh, etc
: Hindus
• Haj : Muslims
• Jerusalem : Christians
• Amritsar : Sikhs
• Gaya, Kapilvastu and Sarnath : Buddhists
• Ashrams : SatyaSai’s PrashantiNilyam, Sai Baba’s Shirdi, Dwarka Mai, Osho Ashrams,
Murari Bapu’s Ashram, etc
HISTORICAL TOURISM
• Refers to a kind of tourism where the tour or tour group focuses on the history; history
of some place, people, things or events
• Tourists visit those places of historical importance to know about culture, tradition,
past happenings, etc and get to know about the evolution and development in culture
• Places of important historical events, such as battlefields or sites where discovers and
explorers landed, are being promoted as tourist attractions
SOCIAL TOURISM
• Subset of tourism concerned with a country or region’s culture, specifically the lifestyle
of the people in those geographical areas, the history of those people, their art,
architecture, religion(s), and other elements that helped to shape their way of life
• Movement of persons to cultural attractions away from their normal place of
residence, with the intention to gather new information and experiences to satisfy their
cultural needs
• Composed of both cultural products presented for tourist consumption and cultural
processes which generate motivation to participate in cultural tourism
• Travel directed toward experiencing the arts, heritage and special character of a place
• Visit to ancient monuments, places of historical or religious importance
NATURE ORIENTED TOURISM
• Reflects the movement of tourist in naturally rich areas like national parks, safaris,
remote destination, etc
• Not allowed to be visited by mass tourists
• Flora and fauna are not disturbed
• Ecotourism creates a balance between development and conservation of natural
environment
• Infrastructure conducive for movement is developed, jobs are created for locals and
benefits accrue to all.
ETHNIC OR ROOTS TOURISM
• Desire to interact with exotic ethnic people and experience their cultural values
• Interaction between ‘hosts and guests’ with significant implications for changing the
expression of ethnic identity among locals
• Type of tourism where travel is motivated by first-hand experience, doing and learning
principle
• Tourists are mostly driven by the desire to see something different from usual and
where curiosity is the ultimate factor
VFR TOURISM