COMMUNICATION

1. Communication Process
2. Formal vs Informal Communication
3. Types of Communication
4. Communication Barriers

Communication Process
Communication – a two-way process wherein the information, ideas, opinions, thoughts, feelings, etc.
are transmitted between the individuals through the use of mutually understood symbols and semiotic
roles (sign and symbols).
Communication Process
 refers to a series of actions or steps taken in order to successfully communicate.
 The overall goal of the communication process is to present an individual or party with
information and have them understand it.
Elements of Communication Process

Sender – The source is the individual, group or institution interested in communicating something to
another party.
Encoding – use of words or non – verbal methods such as symbols, signs, body gestures, etc. to
translate the information into a message.
Message – information that the sender is relaying to the receiver.
Channel – transmission or method of delivering the message.
Decoding – the interpretation of the message, it is performed by the receiver.
Receiver – receiver is the person who receives the message or for whom the message is meant for.
Feedback – in some instances, the receiver might have feedback or a response for the sender.

Formal vs Informal Communication

Informal Communication - the casual and unofficial form of communication wherein the information is
exchanged spontaneously between two or more persons without conforming the prescribed official
rules, processes, system, formalities and chain of command.
Formal Communication – the exchange of official information that flows along the different levels of the
organizational hierarchy and conforms to the prescribed professional rules, policy, standards, process
and regulations of the organization.

Forms of Formal Communication

 Downward Communication
 Information passes from the management level to the subordinate level
 most common form of formal communication wherein communication flows
downwards.
 it mainly includes orders and instructions and can either be written or oral depending
on the importance of the message. (ex. memo)
 Upward Communication – the upward communication is when the message passes from the
subordinate level to the management level. (ex. leave of absence Request)
 Horizontal or Lateral Communication – When the co-workers with different areas of
responsibilities, but at the same level in the organization communicate with each other.
 Diagonal or Crosswise Communication – When employees of different department at different
levels communicate with each other irrespective of the chain of command.

Types of Communication
 Verbal Communication – wherein you speak your subject matter, and others listen to it carefully
and try to associate meaning with it.
 Non-Verbal Communication – wherein the others observe you and try to confer a meaning to it.

Types of Non-Verbal Communication

1. Facial Expression
2. Gestures

3. Paralanguage

4. Proxemics

5. Eyes Gaze

6.Haptics
8. Appearance

9. Artifacts