Judging the Validity

of Evidences
Activity Sheet in English 9
Quarter 3 - Week 4

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CRISTINA M. MANAYOS
Developer

DepEd. CAR. Schools Division of Mountain Province

Paracelis North District . Paracelis National High School
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 Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Cordillera Administrative Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF MOUNTAIN PROVINCE
Bontoc, Mountain Province

Published by:
Learning Resource Management and Development System

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2021

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 Judging the Validity of Evidence
I. LEARNING COMPETENCY
Judge the validity of the evidence listened to. EN9LC-IVh-2.15

II. OBJECTIVES:
With this learning activity sheet, you should be able to:
1. validate evidences used in texts read or listened to,
2. judge the validity of the evidences presented.

III. Background Information for Learner

Judging the validity of the evidence read or listened to is an important skill. We
must be skeptical of the evidences presented to us and determine if the evidence to
support the claim is valid.

Terms and concepts to know for this lesson:

A. Judging
• It is to form an opinion and evaluation about something through careful
weighing of evidence and testing of premises, and to determine or pronounce
after inquiry and deliberation.

Steps in Judging the Validity of Evidence:

1. Identify the point/claim the author is trying to say.
2. Identify the specific facts, data, statistics, examples that support that point.
3. Explain how the pieces of evidence are supposed to relate to the claim.

B. Validity
• It refers to the quality of being sound or correct. It pertains to fair,
reasonable, relevant, and accurate claims.

Examples:
Valid Claims Not Valid Claims
1. Cold water and warm water are equally 1. Use a sanitizer that contains at least
effective at killing germs and viruses 60% alcohol.
2. Science has shown that washing hands 2. The pandemic is far from over.
for 20 seconds is effective in killing
germs.
3. Never wash your hands by submerging 3. Alcohol is highly effective at killing
them in basin or bowl of standing water. most germs and pathogens.
The water could contain germs that
continue to live there.
4. Covid-19 is made up of genetic material 4. Alcohol can be very drying to the
wrapped in a fatty coating that soap skin.
molecules can disrupt this lipid
membrane, causing it to fall apart.

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C. Evidence
• This refers to the available body of acts, documentation or testimony used to
strengthen a claim. Some of the most common types of evidence include
numbers, names, expert opinion, examples, laws, speeches, anecdotes,
images, and many others.

Four (4) Main Types of Evidences:

1. Statistical Evidence - the kind of data people tend to look for when trying to
prove a point
2. Testimonial Evidence - another type of evidence that is commonly turned to
by people trying to prove a point.
3. Anecdotal Evidence - often dismissed as untrustworthy and meaningless
and is one of the more underutilized type of evidence
4. Analogical Evidence - also underutilized but this time for a reason.

D. Claim
• This refers to the point a person is trying to make. It is an information
indicating whether a belief or proposition is true.
In judging the validity of evidences presented, it is important to consider the
following questions:

1. Is it accurate? → This refers to the truthfulness of evidence.

2. Is it relevant? → The evidence has clear relationship to the claim. It
should directly support your claim.
3. Is it sufficient? → There should be enough evidence to support the cl

Let us look at the example below:

EVIDENCES
CLAIM
“I’ve seen my father’s
role as a parent being
Men don’t have valued less by society
Men don’t have
the benefits of despite my needing
the benefits
equality of
either. his presence as a
equality either. child as much as my
(Taken from TYPE OF EVIDENCE
mother’s. I’ve seen TYPE OF EVIDENCE
(Emma
Taken Watson
from Emma young men suffering
SpeechSpeech
Watson on Gender
on Anecdotal Evidence
Equality)
Gender Equality)
from mental illness Anecdotal Evidence
unable to ask for help and Statistical
and Statistical
Evidence
https://www.unwom
https://www.unwomen. for fear it would make
en.org/en/news/stor
org/en/news/stories/20 them look less Evidence
ies/2014/9/emma-
14/9/emma-watson- “macho”. In fact in the
watson-gender-
gender-equality-is-you-
equality-is-you-
issue-too
UK, this is the biggest
issue-too problem experienced
by men between 20-
49 years of age.

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IV.ACTIVITIES
Directions: Read the editorial below then work on the activities.
An editorial is a newspaper article that presents the staff’s opinion on important
social, political, economic, or legal issues of the day and intends to persuade readers
to agree to a particular point of view.
It is similar to an essay in that it focuses on a specific issue or topic and provides
evidence and supporting arguments to convince its readers.

Read the editorial below then work on the activities.

Plastic ban a difficult but worthwhile idea

The Manila Times (November 9, 2019 )
AT a Cabinet meeting this week, President Rodrigo Duterte “floated the idea” of
imposing a ban on plastic as an environmental measure, according to his spokesman
Salvador Panelo. Although it is difficult to imagine a world without plastic, we think it is an
idea worth studying.

President Duterte apparently did not offer any specifics apart from acknowledging that
such a move would require Congress to pass a law, which may have been a comment
intended to signal the President’s support for a bill currently being debated in the Senate
that would ban so-called single-use plastics.

Senate Bill 40, or the “Single-Use Plastics Regulation and Management Act of 2019,”
authored by Sen. Francis Pangilinan, would ban the importation, manufacture and use of
single-use plastics such as grocery bags, food packaging, water bottles, straws, expanded
polystyrene (better known by the brand name Styrofoam) cups and containers, sachets and
plastic cutlery.

The proposed law would also offer incentives for consumers who use reusable bags or
containers while shopping, and those who reuse or recycle plastic products.

The need for such a measure is visibly obvious to anyone passing a waterway in a
populated area, or viewing the shore of Manila Bay after a storm; the country is practically
choking on plastic waste. We have our own bad habits as consumers to blame for it: a study
conducted by the Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives found that Filipinos use about
60 billion plastic sachets; more than 33 billion plastic grocery or food bags; and 1.1 billion
disposable diapers per year.

Removing that much plastic waste from the environment would be a significant step,
but the only way to ensure that it could be successfully carried out — meaning, both firmly
enforced and fully accepted by the public — is if reasonable alternatives are offered to
consumer.

In terms of existing alternatives to plastic products like grocery bags and drinking straws,
paper substitutes have been developed and are in use in places where the corresponding
single-use plastics have already been banned, but the problem is they are almost universally

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hated by consumers, and may be as environmentally unfriendly as plastic, although in
different ways. Paper is made from a renewable resource (trees, other kinds of plants, or
recycled paper) and does decompose quickly when discarded, unlike plastic. On the other
hand, it uses large amounts of water – a resource that is becoming scarcer in this country —
in its manufacture, and may contain harmful chemicals such as inks, dyes and acid. Paper
waste that must be handled by cities and municipalities.

Fortunately, there are even better alternatives being developed, such as plant-based
plastics; reverse-refining of plastics using chemicals that break the material down into its
basic molecules, which can then be used as fuel or to make new plastic items; or
manufacturing plastic from other waste gases. In Canada, for example, most plastic grocery
bags are made from ethane, which would otherwise simply be burned off during the natural
gas refining process. Researchers and construction engineers have also experimented with
using recycled plastic to make things like paving blocks, or as an additive to asphalt. There is
a great deal of opportunity in all these areas, and researching them would breed even more
potentially good ideas. Filipinos certainly have the capabilities to pursue them, and if the
government would support and encourage work in these areas, the country could become a
leader in a fast-growing new industry.

We simply cannot use plastic the way we have been using it until now, we welcome
moves by our leaders to change that, and we hope those initiatives continue. But while it
must be understood that reducing environmental impact inevitably requires everyone to
make some lifestyle changes, it practicality dictates that every effort be made to minimize
those changes as much as possible without defeating the purpose for them. That is a
challenge, but one we think the country can successfully overcome.

Activity 1. Identify statements that pertain to the claim of the author and the pieces
of evidence like numbers, names, expert opinions, examples, laws, speeches and
anecdotes. Write your answers on the table provided below.

Claim of the author Pieces of evidence

(You may use additional sheet of paper.)

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Activity 2. After reading the editorial, let us judge the validity of evidences
presented by answering the questions below.

Judging the validity Yes/No Type of Evidence Explain the relation of

the evidence to the
claim.
1. Are the pieces of
evidence accurate?
2. Are the pieces of
evidence relevant?
3. Are the pieces of
evidence sufficient?.

Activity 3. You saw this post on your friend’s timeline, are you going to share it on
your Facebook? Explain your answer in two or three sentences only.

Share it Please! If yes, why?

Share it Please!
GOOD NEWS! ____________________________
GOOD NEWS!
____________________________
____________________________
Wuhans’s coronavirus can be ____________________________
Wuhans’s
cured coronavirus
by one bowl of can be
freshly
cured by one bowl of freshly ____________________________
boiled garlic water. Old __________
boiled doctor
garlic has water.
Chinese provenOld its If no, why?
Chinese doctor has
efficacy. Many patients proven its
have
efficacy. Many patients have ____________________________
also proven these to be ____________________________
also proven
effective. Eightthese
clovesto be of
effective. Eight cloves of ____________________________
chopped garlic add 7 cups of ____________________________
chopped garlic add 7 cups
water and bring to boil. Drink of
water andgarlic
bringwater
to boil. ____________________________
the boiled andDrink
you ____________________________
the boiled garlic water
will be healed overnight. and you
will be healed overnight. ____________________________
____________________________
-

V. Closure/ Reflection

While it’s true that expressing our opinion about an issue is very difficult for us to do as
there are times that our ideas are against a trend or culture, we must also realize that due to
its necessity, we are forced to push through with it because we believe that our stand has to
do with the welfare of the majority. Truly, taking our stand no matter how unpopular it is
leads to a challenging role that brings an incomparable change for the world.

The advancements of technology change our behavior, preferences, and moral

standards due to the influence of the outside forces like the accessibility to the global fashion
that may also pose danger especially to the youths. In here, our skill in judging the validity of
evidences will train us to make right decisions and take a stand about something that
matters not only for ourselves but also cares for the well-being of everyone in our
community.

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VI. References for Learners

Almonte, L., Flandez, L.,(2015). A Journey through Anglo-American Literatures: Vibal Group,
Inc.
Sumipit, G. (2020), “Judging the Validity of Evidences.” Quarter 3 Module 4 in English 9
Deped CAR.
The Manila Times. Plastic ban a difficult but worthwhile idea. November 9, 2019. Accessed
March 10, 2021, https: //www.manilatimes.net/2019/opinion/editorial/plastic-ban-a-difficult-
but-worthwhile-

VII. Answer Key

Activity 1.
Claim Pieces of evidence
of the author
Although it is 1. Senate Bill 40, or the “Single-Use Plastics Regulation and Management Act of
difficult to imagine 2019,” authored by Sen. Francis Pangilinan, would ban the importation, manufacture
a world without and use of single-use plastics such as grocery bags, food packaging, water bottles,
plastic, we think it straws, expanded polystyrene (better known by the brand name Styrofoam) cups and
is an idea worth containers, sachets and plastic cutlery.
studying.
2. The need for such a measure is visibly obvious to anyone passing a waterway in a
populated area, or viewing the shore of Manila Bay after a storm; the country is
practically choking on plastic waste. We have our own bad habits as consumers to
blame for it; a study conducted by the Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives
found that Filipinos use about 60 billion plastic sachets; more than 33 billion plastic
grocery or food bags; and 1.1 billion disposable diapers per year.
3. In terms of existing alternatives to plastic products like grocery bags and drinking
straws, paper substitutes have been developed and are in use in places where the
corresponding single –use plastics have already been banned, but the problem is
they are almost universally hated by consumers, and may be as environmentally
unfriendly as plastic, although in different ways. Paper is made from a renewable
resource (trees, other kinds of plants, or recycled paper) and does decompose
quickly when discarded, unlike plastic. On the other hand, it uses large amounts of
water – a resource that is becoming scarcer in this country — in its manufacture, and
may contain harmful chemicals such as inks, dyes and acid. Paper waste also weighs
five to seven times more than plastic waste, which increases the volume of solid
waste that must be handled by cities and municipalities.
4. Fortunately, there are even better alternatives being developed, such as plant-
based plastics; reverse refining of plastics using chemicals that break the material
down into its basic molecules, which can then be used as fuel or to make new plastic
items; or manufacturing plastic from other waste gases. In Canada, for example, most
plastic grocery bags are made from ethane, which would otherwise simply be burned
off during the natural gas refining process. Researchers and construction engineers
have also experimented with using recycled plastic to make things like paving blocks,
or as an additive to asphalt.
Activity 2. Answers may vary.
Judging the validity Yes/No Type of Evidence Explain the relation of the evidence to the
claim.
1. Are the pieces of Yes The editorial provided adequate evidence
evidence accurate? to support its claim that although it is
Laws, difficult to imagine a world without plastic,
2. Are the pieces of Yes statistics(numbers), we think it is an idea worth studying. -
evidence relevant? examples, and expert citing laws, statistical, examples, and
opinions expert opinions. Aside from being
3. Are the pieces of Yes sufficient, they are relevant to the central
evidence sufficient? ideas conveyed.
Activity 3. Answers may vary

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