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Հարգելի´ ընթերցող.

ԵՊՀ հրատարակչությունը, չհետապնդելով որևէ եկամուտ, ԵՊՀ


հայագիտական հետազոտությունների ինստիտուտի համացանցային
կայքերում ներկայացնում է իր հայագիտական հրատարակությունները:
Գիրքը այլ համացանցային կայքերում տեղադրելու համար պետք է
ստանալ հրատարակչության համապատասխան թույլտվությունը և նշել
անհրաժեշտ տվյալները:
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2

YEREVAN STATE UNIVERSITY

N. R. BARATYAN

ENGLISH - ARMENIAN
DICTIONARY

YEREVAN
YSU PRESS
2011
3

ºðºì²ÜÆ äºî²Î²Ü вزÈê²ð²Ü

Ü. è. ´²ð²ÂÚ²Ü

²Ü¶ÈºðºÜ - вںðºÜ
´²è²ð²Ü

ºðºì²Ü
ºäÐ Ðð²î²ð²ÎâàôÂÚàôÜ
2011
4

Ðî¸ 801.3 = 20 = 919.81 Ðñ³ï³ñ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý ¿ »ñ³ß˳íáñ»É


¶Ø¸ 81.2 ²Ý·É - 4 +81.2 Ð -4 ºäÐ éáٳݳ·»ñÙ³Ý³Ï³Ý μ³Ý³ëÇñáõÃÛ³Ý
´ 340 ý³ÏáõÉï»ïÇ ËáñÑáõñ¹Á

ÊÙμ³·Çñ` È. ¶. سÝáõÏÛ³Ý

´³ñ³ÃÛ³Ý Ü. è.
´ 340 ²Ý·É»ñ»Ý-ѳۻñ»Ý μ³é³ñ³Ý / Ü. è. ´³ñ³ÃÛ³Ý.- ºñ.: ºäÐ Ññ³ï., 2011.- 952 ¿ç:

²Ý·É»ñ»Ý-ѳۻñ»Ý μ³é³ñ³ÝÁ Ñ»ÕÇݳÏÇ μ³½Ù³ÙÛ³ ¹³ë³Ëáë³Ï³Ý ¨ ·Çï³Ï³Ý


³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ ¿: ²ÛÝ Ý»ñ³éáõÙ ¿ μ³½Ù³ÃÇí áÉáñïÝ»ñ` ·Çï³Ï³Ý, ³ñí»ëïÇ,
Ï»Ýó³ÕÇ, ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý:
Ü»ñϳ۳óÝáõÙ ¿ ³Ý·É»ñ»ÝÇ` Ø»Í ´ñÇï³ÝdzÛÇ, ²ØÜ-Ç, ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ »ñÏñÝ»ñÇ ÅáÕáíáõñ¹Ý»ñÇ
ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý É»½íÇ, ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ Ï³ñ·³íÇ׳Ïáí ³åñáÕ ¨ ³Ù»Ý³ë÷éí³Í É»½íÇ, ϻݹ³ÝÇ
ß»ñï»ñÁ:

Ðî¸ 801.3 = 20 = 919.81


¶Ø¸ 81.2 ²Ý·É - 4 +81.2 Ð -4

ISBN 978-5-8084-1447-1 © ºäÐ Ññ³ï³ñ³ÏãáõÃÛáõÝ, 2011


© ´³ñ³ÃÛ³Ý Ü. è., 2011
5

²Ü¶ÈºðºÜÆ ²Ú´àô´ºÜÀ

Aa Bb Cc Dd

Ee Ff Gg Hh

Ii Jj Kk Ll

Mm Nn Oo Pp

Qq Rr Ss Tt

Uu Vv Ww

Xx Yy Zz
6
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Ýå³ï³Ïáí` ³ÛÝ ³ÛÝáõÑ»ï¨ ÝßíáõÙ ¿ (~) ïÇɹ³ Ýß³Ýáí.

ûñ. countr/y
native ~ native country
foreign ~ foreign country
many ~ies many countries

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9

вزèàðàôÂÚàôÜܺð

²Ü¶ÈºðºÜ

a - adjective num - numeral


adv - adverb part - particle
aux - auxiliary pers - personal
comp - comparative pl - plural
condit - condition, conditional poss - possessive
cnj - conjunction predic - predicative
deg - degree pref - prefix
dem - demonstrative prep - preposition
dol - dollar pres - present
emph - emphatic prn - pronoun
etc - et cetera refl - reflexive
exclam - exclamation rel - relative
impers - impersonal sing - singular
indef - indefinite sl - slang
int - interjection smb - somebody
inter - interrogative smn - someone
lat - Latin smth - something
mod - modal sup - superlative
n - noun v - verb
neg - negative

вںðºÜ
³Ù. - ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ·áÛ³Ï. - ·á۳ϳÝ
³Û·»·áñÍ. - ³Û·»·áñÍ³Ï³Ý ·ïÏ. - ·Çï³Ï³Ý
³Ý·É. - ³Ý·É»ñ»Ý, ³Ý·ÉÇ³Ï³Ý ·ñÏ. - ·ñ³Ï³Ý, ·ñ³Ï³Ý³·Çï³Ï³Ý
³Ýѳßí. - ³Ýѳßí»ÉÇ ¹»ñ.- ¹»ñ³ÝáõÝ
³ßËñ·. - ³ß˳ñѳ·ñ³Ï³Ý ¹Çó. - ¹Çó³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý
³ëï. - ³ëïÇ×³Ý ¹Õ·Í. - ¹»Õ³·áñͳϳÝ
³ëïÕμ. - ³ëïÕ³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý ¹áÉ. - ¹áɳñ
³ëïÕ·. - ³ëïÕ³·Çï³Ï³Ý ¹åñ. - ¹åñáóÇ, ¹åñáó³Ï³Ý
³ëïíÍß. - ³ëïí³Í³ßÝãÛ³Ý ¹íÝ·. - ¹Çí³Ý³·Çï³Ï³Ý
³í. - ³ídzóÇáÝ »½. - »½³ÏÇ
³íïá. - ³íïáÙáμÇɳÛÇÝ, ³íïáï»ËÝÇϳÛÇ »Ï»Õ. - »Ï»Õ»ó³Ï³Ý
³ñ. - ³ñ³Ï³Ý »ñÅß. - »ñ³Åßï³Ï³Ý
³ñÑÙ. - ³ñѳٳñÑ³Ï³Ý »ñÇï. - »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹³Ï³Ý
³ñí. - ³ñí»ëï³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý, ³ñí»ëïÇ »ñÏÃ. - »ñϳÃáõÕ³ÛÇÝ
μÅßÏ. - μÅßÏ³Ï³Ý »ñÏñμ. - »ñÏñ³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý
μÝëï. - μ³Ý³ëï»ÕÍ³Ï³Ý »ñÏñã. - »ñÏñ³ã³÷³Ï³Ý
μëμ. - μáõë³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý ½ÇÝ. - ½ÇÝíáñ³Ï³Ý
·»ñ. - ·»ñ³¹ñ³Ï³Ý ¿É. - ¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³Ý
·Õï. - ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý óïñ. - óï»ñ³Ï³Ý
10

ÃÕÃË. - ÃÕó˳ճÛÇÝ Ó³ÛÝ. - Ó³ÛݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝ


ÅËï. - ÅËï³Ï³Ý Ódzñß. - Ódzñß³í³ÛÇÝ
Ç·. - Ç·³Ï³Ý ×ñï. - ׳ñï³ñ³å»ï³Ï³Ý
Çñ³í. - Çñ³í³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý Ù³Ã. - ٳûٳïÇϳϳÝ
ɳï. - ɳïÇÝ»ñ»Ý Ø´. - Ø»Í ´ñÇï³Ýdz
É»½í. - É»½í³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý Ù»Õíμ. - Ù»Õí³μáõͳϳÝ
ÉëÝÏ. - Éáõë³Ýϳñã³Ï³Ý ÙëÝ·. - Ù³ëݳ·Çï³Ï³Ý
˳Õ. - ˳ճïݳÛÇÝ, ˳ճÛÇÝ Ùñ½. - Ù³ñ½³Ï³Ý
ËÑñ. - Ëáѳñ³ñ³Ï³Ý ݳË. - ݳ˳¹³ëáõÃÛáõÝ
ËëÏó. - Ëáë³Ïó³Ï³Ý ݳí. - Ý³í³·áñͳϳÝ, ݳí³ÛÇÝ
ÍÕñ. - ͳÕñ³Ï³Ý ÝÏñã. - Ýϳñã³Ï³Ý
Íáí. - Íáí³ÛÇÝ, Íáí³·Ý³ó³ÛÇÝ ßÇÝ. - ßÇݳñ³ñ³Ï³Ý
ϻݹ. - ϻݹ³Ý³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý ßËÙ. - ß³ËÙ³ï³ÛÇÝ
Ï»Ýë. - Ï»Ýë³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý åßï. - å³ßïáݳϳÝ
ϽÙË.- ϳ½Ù³Ëáë³Ï³Ý åïÙ. - å³ïٳϳÝ, å³ïÙ³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý
Ïáåï. - Ïáåï³Ëáë³Ï³Ý é³¹. - é³¹Çáï»ËÝÇϳ
ÏïÏ. - ϳï³Ï³ÛÇÝ é½Ù. - 鳽ٳϳÝ
Ïñ×. - Ïñ׳ï, Ïñ׳ïí³Í éáõë. - éáõë»ñ»Ý
ÏñáÝ. - ÏñáÝ³Ï³Ý ëáíñ. - ëáíáñ³μ³ñ
ѳÛÑ. - ѳÛÑáÛ³Ï³Ý ëï»ÕÍ. - ëï»Õͳ·áñͳϳÝ
ѳÛï³ñ. - ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ í»ñ³ó. - í»ñ³ó³Ï³Ý
ѳå. - ѳå³íáõÙ ïÇ»½. - ïÇ»½»ñ³·Ý³óáõÃÛ³Ý, ïÇ»½»ñùÇ
ѳëï. - ѳëï³ï³Ï³Ý ïÝï. - ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý
ѳñó. - ѳñó³Ï³Ý ïå·ñ. - ïå³·ñ³Ï³Ý
Ñ»·Ý. - Ñ»·Ý³Ï³Ý áõëÙ. - áõëáõÙݳϳÝ
Ñ»é. - Ñ»é³Ëáë³ÛÇÝ ÷ÇÉ. - ÷ÇÉÇëá÷³Û³Ï³Ý
ÑÙÏñ·. - ѳٳϳñ·ã³ÛÇÝ, ѳٳϳñ·³ÛÇÝ ÷Ëμ. - ÷á˳μ»ñ³Ï³Ý
ÑÙÙï. - ѳٻٳï³Ï³Ý, ѳٻٳï»É ÷Õù. - ÷³Õ³ù߳ϳÝ
ÑÝμ. - ÑÝ¿³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý ù»ñ. - ù»ñ³Ï³Ý³Ï³Ý
ÑÝ·. - Ñݳ·Çï³Ï³Ý ùÇÙ. - ùÇÙdzϳÝ
ÑÝã. - ÑÝãÛáõݳμ³Ý³Ï³Ý ùÕù. - ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý, ù³Õ³ù³·Çï³Ï³Ý
ÑÝù.- ѳÝù³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý û·ï. - û·ï³·áñÍáõÙ
Ñßíå. - ѳßí³å³Ñ³Ï³Ý û¹»ñ¨Ã. - û¹»ñ¨áõóμ³Ý³Ï³Ý
Ñá·»μ. - Ñá·»μ³Ý³Ï³Ý ûñ. - ûñÇݳÏ
Ñá·Ý. - Ñá·Ý³ÏÇ ýǽ. - ýǽÇϳÛÇ, ýǽÇϳϳÝ
Ñåí. - ѳå³íáõÙ ýǽÉ. - ýǽÇáÉá·Ç³ÛÇ, ýǽÇáÉá·Ç³Ï³Ý
Ñíù. - ѳí³ù³Ï³Ý ýǽÏ. - ýǽÏáõÉïáõñ³ÛÇ
ÑïÏå. - ѳïϳå»ë ýÇÝ. - ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý
ÑñóÏÝ. - ѳñó³Ï³Ý ýñ. - ýñ³Ýë»ñ»Ý
11

A
A, a 1 [ei] n ³Ý·É»ñ»Ý ³Ûμáõμ»ÝÇ 1-ÇÝ ï³- abandonment [ə΄bændənmənt] n ÉùáõÙ,
éÁ. »ñÅß. ÉÛ³ Ó³ÛݳÝÇßÁ/Ýáï³Ý. ³Ù. Ññ³Å³ñáõÙ. ~ of a child/position Ññ³Å³ñáõÙ
¹åñáóáõÙ “·»ñ³½³Ýó “ ·Ý³Ñ³ï³Ï³Ý. »ñ»Ë³ÛÇó/å³ßïáÝÇó:
get an “A” in English ³Ý·É»ñ»ÝÇó “·»ñ³- abase [ə΄beis] v Çç»óÝ»É, Ýí³ëï³óÝ»É, ëïá-
½³Ýó” ëï³Ý³É. get “A”s all the time ·»- ñ³óÝ»É. ~ oneself Çñ»Ý Ýí³ëï³óÝ»É/ëïá-
ñ³½³Ýó ëáíáñ»É, ·»ñ³½³ÝóÇÏ ÉÇÝ»É. from ñ³óÝ»É. Ýí³ëï³Ý³É, ëïáñ³Ý³É:
A to Z ëϽμÇó ÙÇÝ㨠í»ñç, ³ÙμáÕçáõÃÛ³Ùμ: abasement [ə΄beismənt] n Çç»óáõÙ, Ýí³ë-
a, an [ə, ən] ù»ñ. ³Ýáñáß Ñá¹. a little more ÙÇ ï³óáõÙ, ëïáñ³óáõÙ:
÷áùñ ³í»ÉÇ. (áÙÝ, ÇÝã-áñ) a Mrs. Brown áÙÝ abash [ə΄bæ∫] v ß÷áûóÝ»É, ³Ù³ã»óÝ»É. The
ïÇÏÇÝ ´ñ³áõÝ. (many, such, what μ³é»ñÇó poor man stood ~ Ê»Õ× Ù³ñ¹Á ß÷áÃí³Í ¿ñ
Ñ»ïá ³Í³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ ¨ ·á۳ϳÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï) (ã·Çï»ñ ÇÝ㠳ݻÉ). She was not a bit ~ ܳ
What a day! ƯÝã ûñ ¿. Such a beautiful pic- μáÉáñáíÇÝ ß÷áÃí³Í ã¿ñ:
ture! ²ÛëåÇëǯ ·»Õ»óÇÏ Ýϳñ. (Ù»Ï) It costs abashment [ə΄bæ∫mənt] n ß÷áÃÙáõÝù,
a dollar ¸³ ³ñÅ» Ù»Ï ¹áɳñ. He didn’t say a ³Ù³ã»ÉÁ, ³ÙáóѳñáõÃÛáõÝ:
word ܳ áã ÙÇ μ³é ã³ë³ó: abate [ə΄beit] v ÃáõɳݳÉ/ÃáõɳóÝ»É, Ù»ÕÙ³-
aback [ə΄bæk] adv Ñ»ï, Ñ»ï¨Çó. taken ~ ݳÉ/Ù»ÕÙ³óÝ»É, Ýí³½»É/Ýí³½»óÝ»É (ù³-
ß÷áÃí³Í, ѳÝϳñͳÏÇÇ »Ï³Í: Ùáõ/çñѻջÕÇ ¨ ³ÛÉÝÇ Ù³ëÇÝ). The storm/The
abandon [ə΄bændən] n ³ÝϳßϳݹáõÃÛáõÝ, wind ~d öáÃáñÇÏÁ/ø³ÙÇÝ Ù»ÕÙ³ó³í/Ãáõ-
³Ýμéݳ½μáëÇÏáõÃÛáõÝ: ɳó³í. The pain has ~d ò³íÁ Ù»ÕÙ³ó³í:
abandon [ə΄bændən] v ÃáÕÝ»É, Éù»É. ~ a town abatement [ə΄beitmənt] n å³Ï³ë»óáõÙ,
ù³Õ³ùÁ ÃáÕÝ»É~ one’s family ÁÝï³ÝÇùÁ Çç»óáõÙ, Ù»ÕÙ³óáõÙ. tax ~ ѳñÏÇ Ýí³½»-
Éù»É. ~ smb to his fate Ù»ÏÇÝ μ³ËïÇ ùٳѳ- óáõÙ. Çñ³í. ϳñ×áõÙ ~ of action ѳÛóÇ Ï³ñ-
×áõÛùÇÝ ÃáÕÝ»É. (Ññ³Å³ñí»É) We ~ed all ×áõÙ:
hope Ø»Ýù ³Ûɨë áã ÙÇ ÑáõÛë ãáõÝ»ÇÝù.~ the abbacy [΄æbəsi] n ³μμ³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ. ³μμ³ÛÇ
plan/project/one’s intention åɳÝÇó/ݳ˳- å³ßïáÝÁ ϳ٠ÏáãáõÙÁ:
·ÍÇó/Ùï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÇó Ññ³Å³ñí»É. ~ one- abbess [΄æbis] n ³μμ³ÛáõÑÇ, Ù³Ûñ³å»ï,
self to (emotions) (½·³óÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇÝ) ³ÝÓݳ- í³Ý³Ù³Ûñ:
ïáõñ ÉÇÝ»É (í»ñç ï³É, ¹³¹³ñ»óÝ»É) After abbey [΄æbi] n ³μμ³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ, í³Ýù. West-
10 minutes the game was ~ed 10 ñáå» Ñ»ïá minster ~ ì»ëïÙÇÝëûñÛ³Ý ³μμ³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ
˳ÕÁ ¹³¹³ñ»óí»ó. Çñ³í. ~ a prosecution (Ñ³×³Ë áõÕÕ³ÏÇ the A~):
Ññ³Å³ñí»É ¹³ï³Ï³Ý Ñ»ï³åݹáõÙÇó: abbot [΄æbət] n í³Ý³Ñ³Ûñ, ³μμ³:
abandoned [ə΄bændənd] a Éùí³Í, ÃáÕÝ- abbreviate [ə΄bri:vieit] v Ïñ׳ï»É, ѳå³-
í³Í. an ~ child/house Éùí³Í »ñ»Ë³/ïáõÝ; í»É, ѳٳéáï»É. ÑÙÏñ·. ~d addressing
(ë³ÝÓ³ñÓ³Ï) ~ wretch ë³ÝÓ³ñÓ³Ï Ãßí³- Ïñ׳ïí³Í ѳëó»³íáñáõÙ:
é³Ï³Ý/ëï³Ñ³Ï: abbreviation [ə‚bri:vi΄ei∫n] n Ïñ׳ïáõÙ,
abandonee [ə‚bændə΄ni:] n Çñ³í. ³ÝÓ, áõ٠ѳå³íáõÙ, ѳٳéáï³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
û·ïÇÝ Ññ³Å³ñí»É »Ý Çñ³íáõÝùÇó: ABC [‚eibi:΄si:] n ³Ûμáõμ»Ý. ÑÇÙáõÝùÝ»ñ. ~
ABD 12 able

book ³Ûμμ»Ý³ñ³Ý. ~ of mathematics ٳû- abhor [əb΄hɔ:] v ³ï»É, ·³ñß»É, ÝáÕϳÉ. I ~


Ù³ïÇϳÛÇ ÑÇÙáõÝùÝ»ñ. ~ art å³ñ½»óí³Í/ cruelty to animals ²ïáõÙ »Ù ϻݹ³ÝÇÝ»ñÇ
å³ñ½áõݳÏ, åñÇÙÇïÇí ³ñí»ëï: ѳݹ»å ¹³Å³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ:
ABD [‚eibi:΄di:] n (Ïñ×. all but dissertation-Çó) abhorrence [əb΄hɒrəns] n ³ï»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ,
¹áÏïáñÇ ³ëïÇ×³Ý Ñ³ÛóáÕ, áñÁ ¹»é û½Á ·³ñß³Ýù, ÝáÕϳÝù. hold smth in ~ ·³ñß»É
ãÇ Ý»ñϳ۳óñ»É: áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇó:
abdicate [΄æbdikeit] v Ññ³Å³ñí»É, Ññ³Å³- abhorrent [əb΄hɒrənt] a ³ï»ÉÇ, ½½í»ÉÇ,
ñ³Ï³Ý ï³É (·³ÑÇó/μ³Óñ å³ßïáÝÇó/Édz- ÝáÕϳÉÇ:
½áñáõÃÛáõÝÇó) King Edward VIII ~d in 1937 abidance [ə΄baidəns] n å³Ñå³Ý»ÉÁ,
¾¹áõ³ñ¹ VIII ó·³íáñÁ Ññ³Å³ñ³Ï³Ý ϳï³ñ»ÉÁ (ûñ»ÝùÇ):
ïí»ó 1937 Ã.: abide [ə΄baid] v ѻ層É. ѳßïí»É, ѳݹáõñ-
abdication [‚æbdi΄kei∫n] n Ññ³Å³ñáõÙ (·³- Å»É. He can’t ~ cats ܳ ϳïáõÝ»ñÇÝ ï³Ý»É
ÑÇó): ãÇ Ï³ñáÕ. ~ by ѳí³ï³ñÇÙ ÙݳÉ. ~ by a
abdomen [΄æbdəmən] n ϽÙË. áñáí³ÛÝÇ rule ϳÝáÝÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ»ï¨»É. I ~ by what I said
Ëáéáã. (ÙÇç³ïÇ) ÷áñÇÏ: ºë ³ë³ÍÇë/ËáëùÇë ï»ñÝ »Ù/гí³ï³ñÇÙ
abdominal [æb΄dɒminəl] a áñáí³ÛݳÛÇÝ. ~ »Ù ÙÝáõÙ ÇÙ ³ë³ÍÇÝ:
pains áñáí³ÛݳÛÇÝ ó³í»ñ. ~ operation áñá- abiding [ə΄baidiŋ] a Ùßï³Ï³Ý, ѳëï³-
í³ÛݳÛÇÝ íÇñ³Ñ³ïáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ belt ÷áñϳÉ, ïáõÝ:
÷áñ³Ï³å. μÅßÏ. ~ pregnancy ³ñï³ñ·³Ý- abilitl/y [ə΄biləti] n ÁݹáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ϳñá-
¹³ÛÇÝ ÑÕÇáõÃÛáõÝ: ÕáõÃÛáõÝ. áõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ies ÓÇñù, ßÝáñÑù.
abdominous [æb΄dɒminəs] a ѳëï³÷áñ: ~ ies in mathematics áõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ٳû-
abduct [æb΄dΛkt] v ³é¨³Ý·»É, ÷³ËóÝ»É Ù³ïÇϳÛÇó. great ~ies for music »ñ³Åßï³-
(ÑïÏå.` ÏÇÝ Ï³Ù »ñ»Ë³): Ï³Ý Ù»Í áõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. man of ~ áñ³Ï³-
abduction [æb΄dΛk∫n] n ³é¨³Ý·áõÙ, íáñí³Í ³ÝÓ. personal ~ies ³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý áõ-
ѳ÷ßï³ÏáõÙ. ~ of a child/minor »ñ»Ë³ÛÇ/ ݳÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. to the best of one’s ~ies áõ-
³Ýã³÷³Ñ³ëÇ ³é¨³Ý·áõÙ: Å»ñÁ Ý»ñ³ÍÇÝ ã³÷. Çñ³í. Çñ³í³ëáõÃÛáõÝ.
abductor [æb΄dΛktə] n ³éև³Ý·áÕ, ѳ÷Áß- ýÇÝ. ~ to pay í׳ñáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
ï³ÏÇã: abject [΄æbdзekt] a ËÕ×áõÏ, ³Ý³ñ·, ³ñѳ-
abecedarian [eibi:si΄deəriən] a ³Ûμμ»Ý³- Ù³ñÑ»ÉÇ. an ~ apology ËÕ×áõÏ μ³ó³ïñáõ-
Ï³Ý Ï³ñ·áí ¹³ë³íáñí³Í. ï³ññ³Ï³Ý. ÃÛáõÝ/³ñ¹³ñ³óáõÙ. ~ poverty ͳÛñ³Ñ»Õ
³Ýáõë, ÏÇë³·ñ³·»ï: ³Õù³ïáõÃÛáõÝ:
abed [ə΄bed] adv ³ÝÏáÕÝáõÙ: abjection [æb΄dзek∫n] n ëïáñ³óáõÙ, Ýí³ë-
aberration [‚æbə΄rei∫n] n ß»ÕáõÙ, ÙáÉáñáõ- ï³óáõÙ:
ÃÛáõÝ. (Ùï³íáñ) óñí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ß»ÕáõÙ Ýáñ- abjuration [æbdзu΄rei∫n] n áõñ³óáõÙ, Ññ³-
Ù³É ï»ë³ÏÇó. ³ëïÕ·. ËáïáñáõÙ. in a mo- ųñáõÙ. ~ of faith ѳí³ïÇ áõñ³óáõÙ:
ment of ~ óñí³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý å³ï׳éáí/ñá- abjure [əb΄dзuə] v áõñ³Ý³É, Ññ³Å³ñí»É:
å»ÇÝ/å³ÑÇÝ: ablation [æb΄lei∫n] μÅßÏ. Ñ»é³óáõÙ. »ñÏñμ.
abet [ə΄bet] v ¹ñ¹»É, ѳÝó³·áñÍáõÃÛ³Ý ³å³éÇ ù³Ûù³ÛáõÙ:
¹ñ¹»É. Ëñ³Ëáõë»É. ~ smb in a crime ѳÝó³- ablaze [ə΄bleiz] a, predic, adv μáó»ñÇ Ù»ç.
·áñÍáõÃÛ³Ý ¹ñ¹»É. aid and ~ smb ѳÝó³- ÷Ëμ. ·ñ·éí³Í, Ñáõ½í³Í. be ~ μáó³í³é-
·áñÍáõÃÛ³ÝÁ Ù³ëݳÏÇó ¹³ñÓÝ»É: í»É. the house was ~ ïáõÝÁ μáó³í³éíáõÙ ¿ñ.
abetment [ə΄betmənt] n ¹ñ¹áõÙ: set it ~ Ïñ³Ï ï³É. ÷Ëμ. ÉáõÛëáí áÕáÕí³Í,
abeyance [ə΄beiəns] n ³Ýáñáß(áõÃÛ³Ý) íÇ- ÷³ÛÉáõÝ. The streets were ~ with lights öáÕáó-
׳Ï. ϳë»óáõÙ, ï³ñÏ»ïáõÙ. fall/go into ~ Ý»ñÁ å³Ûͳé Éáõë³íáñí³Í ¿ÇÝ. Her eyes
ųٳݳϳíáñ³å»ë ãÏÇñ³ñÏ»É, ÏÇñ³ñ- were ~ with anger ¼³ÛñáõÛÃÇó Ýñ³ ³ãù»ñÁ
ÏáõÙÁ ϳë»óÝ»É. leave a decree in ~ áñáßáõÙÁ ÷³ÛÉáõÙ ¿ÇÝ:
Ñ»ï³Ó·»É/ï³ñÏ»ï»É. The question is in ~ able [΄eibl] a áõݳÏ, ÁݹáõݳÏ, ϳñáÕ. an ~
гñóÁ μ³ó ¿ Ùݳó»É. This rule has fallen into child ÁݹáõÝ³Ï »ñ»Ë³. be ~ ϳñáճݳÉ, Ç
~ ²Ûë ûñ»ÝùÇ ÏÇñ³ñÏáõÙÁ ϳë»óí»É ¿: íÇ׳ÏÇ ÉÇÝ»É. Will you be ~ to sing? ¸áõù
able-bodied 13 above

Ïϳñáճݳ±ù »ñ·»É. (ÑÙáõï) an ~ lawyer abominate [ə΄bɒmineit] v ½½í»É, ·³ñß»É,


ÑÙáõï ÷³ëï³μ³Ý: ÝáÕϳÉ:
able-bodied [eibl΄bɒdid] a ³Ùñ³Ï³½Ù, ³- abomination [‚əbɒmi΄nei∫n] n ½½í³Ýù,
éáÕç. ~ unemployed ³ß˳ïáõÝ³Ï ·áñͳ- ½½í»ÉÇ μ³Ý. The new building is an ~ Üáñ
½áõñÏ: ß»ÝùÝ áõÕÕ³ÏÇ ³Ñ³íáñ ¾:
abloom [ə΄blu:m] a, predic, adv ͳÕÏ³Í íÇ- aboriginal [‚æbə΄ridзnəl] 1. a μÝÇÏ, ï»Õ³-
׳ÏáõÙ: ϳÝ. 2. n ï»Õ³óÇ, μÝÇÏ:
ablush [ə΄blΛ∫] a, predic, adv ßÇÏݳÍ, ß÷áÃ- aborigine [‚æbə΄ridзəni] n μÝÇÏ, ï»Õ³óÇ,
í³Í: ï»Õ³μÝÇÏ:
ablution [ə΄blu:∫n] n Ó»éù»ñÇ ¨ Ù³ñÙÝÇ aborigines [‚æbə΄ridзənis] n μÝÇÏÝ»ñ, ï»-
(ѳݹÇë³íáñ) Éí³óáõÙ (ѳïϳå»ë Ïñá- Õ³óÇÝ»ñ:
Ý³Ï³Ý ³ñ³ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÁÝóóùáõÙ). abort [ə΄bɔ:t] v Áݹѳï»É, ¹³¹³ñ»óÝ»É. íÇ-
ï»ËÝ. Éí³óáõÙ, Ù³ùñáõÙ: Å»É. Ó³ËáÕí»É, ³ÝѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ Ïñ»É:
ably [΄eibli] adv í³ñå»ïáñ»Ý, ׳ñåÏáõÃÛ³Ùμ: ÑÙÏñ·. í³Õ³Å³Ù Áݹѳï»É Íñ³·ñÇ Ï³-
abnegate [΄æbnigeit] v Çñ»Ý ½ñÏ»É, ÅËï»É, ï³ñáõÙÁ:
Ññ³Å³ñí»É: abortion [ə΄bɔ:∫n] n ³ñÑ»ëï³Ï³Ý íÇÅáõÙ,
abnegation [‚æbni΄gei∫n] n ÇÝùݳ½áÑáõ- ³μáñï. ³ÝѳçáղáõÃÛáõÝ. Formerly ~ was a
ÃÛáõÝ, ³ÝÓݳ½áÑáõÃÛáõÝ. ÅËïáõÙ, μ³ó³- crime in Britain ܳËÏÇÝáõÙ ³μáñïÁ ²Ý·-
ëáõÙ: ÉdzÛáõ٠ѳÝó³Ýù ¿ñ ѳٳñíáõÙ. é½Ù. ~
abnormal [æb΄nɔ:məl] a áã μݳϳÝáÝ, ³Ý- rate ãÇñ³Ï³Ý³óí³Í ïáÏáëÝ»ñÇ ù³Ý³ÏÁ:
ϳÝáÝ. ³ÝÝáñÙ³É. μÅßÏ. ³Ëï³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý. abortive [ə΄bɔ:tiv] a í³Õ³Å³Ù. Ó³ËáÕ-
~ condition ³ÝϳÝáÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ movements í³Í. an ~ plan Ó³ËáÕí³Í/³ÝѳçáÕ åɳÝ:
³ÝϳÝáÝ ß³ñÅáõÙÝ»ñ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ end/termi- abound [ə΄baund] v ³é³ï ÉÇÝ»É. The sea ~s
nation íóñ³ÛÇÝ ³í³ñï: in fish ÌáíáõÙ ³é³ï ÓáõÏ Ï³, ÌáíÝ ³é³ï
abnormality [‚æbnɔ:΄mæləti] n ³ÝÝáñÙ³- ¿ ÓÏÝ»ñáí:
ÉáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ÝϳÝáÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ³ÝáÙ³Édz: about [ə΄baut] adv, prep Ùáï³íáñ³å»ë,
abnormity [æb΄nɔ:məti] n ï»°ë abnormality: Ùáï. It’s ~ thre o’clock now ÐÇÙ³ Ùáï³íá-
aboard [ə΄bɔ:d] adv ݳíÇ íñ³. go/take ~ a ñ³å»ë ųÙÇ »ñ»ùÝ ¿. (áã Ñ»éáõ, Ùáï³Ï³Û-
ship ݳí Ýëï»É. go ~ a plane ÇÝùݳÃÇé ùáõÙ) ~ two miles Ùáï »ñÏáõ ÙÕáÝ. ~ midnight
Ýëï»É. All~ ! Üëï»óáõÙÁ ëÏëí³Í ¿/³í³ñï- Ï»ë ·Çß»ñÇÝ Ùáï. Walk ~ the streets ÷áÕáó-
í³Í ¿: Ý»ñáõÙ ßñç»É. What ~ the dinner? ƱÝã ϳë»ù
abode [ə΄bəud] n μݳϳï»Õ, μݳϳí³Ûñ. ׳ßÇ Ù³ëÇÝ/â׳߻±Ýù Have you any money
(ûè³Ý) take up one’s ~ μݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ Ñ³ë- ~ you? Øáï¹ ÷áÕ Ï³±. (Ù³ëÇÝ) I’ll see/think
ï³ï»É: ~ it ºë ³Û¹ Ù³ëÇÝ ÏÙï³Í»Ù/ÏÑá·³Ù. You
abolish [ə΄bɒli∫] v í»ñ³óÝ»É, áãÝã³óÝ»É. ~ can read ~ it in the newspapers ²Û¹ Ù³ëÇÝ
slavery/war/an old custom í»ñ³óÝ»É ëïñÏáõ- ϳñ»ÉÇ ¿ ûñûñáõ٠ϳñ¹³É. What ~ the
ÃÛáõÝÁ/å³ï»ñ³½ÙÁ/ÑÇÝ ëáíáñáõÛÃÁ. ~ the others? ÆëÏ Ç±Ýã ϳë»ù ÙÛáõëÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ.
law ûñ»ÝùÁ í»ñ³óÝ»É. ~ a death penalty Ù³- How ~ going there? (³ñ¹Ûáù) â·Ý³±Ýù
ѳå³ïÇÅÁ í»ñ³óÝ»É: ³ÛÝï»Õ. be ~ to å³ïñ³ëïí»É ÙÇ μ³Ý ³-
abolition [‚æbə΄li∫n] n í»ñ³óáõÙ, áãÝã³- Ý»É. Mind what you are ~ ! Øï³ÍÇ°ñ/î»°ë ÇÝã
óáõÙ, ÉáõͳñáõÙ: »ë ³ÝáõÙ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ box ÇÝýáñÙ³-
abolitionism [‚æbə΄li∫(ə)nizm] n åïÙ. ³μá- óÇáÝ/ï»Õ»Ï³ïí³Ï³Ý å³ïáõѳÝ:
ÉÇóÇáÝǽ٠(Ý»·ñ»ñÇ ëïñÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ í»ñ³ó- above [ə΄bΛv] 1. adv, prep íñ³, í»ñ¨áõÙ. ~
Ý»Éáõ ß³ñÅáõÙ): the city ù³Õ³ùÇ í»ñ¨áõÙ. ~ the horizon Ñá-
A- bomb [΄eibɒm] n ³ïáÙ³ÛÇÝ éáõÙμ: ñǽáÝÇ íñ³. ~ the sea level ÍáíÇ Ù³Ï»ñ¨áõÛ-
abominable [ə΄bɒminəbl] a ·³ñß»ÉÇ, ½½í»- ÃÇó/ٳϳñ¹³ÏÇó μ³ñÓñ. ~ the measure
ÉÇ, í³ÝáÕ. ~ snowman ÓÝ» Ù³ñ¹, Ç»ïÇ. ~ ã³÷Çó ³í»ÉÇ. ~ all ³Ù»ÝÇó ³é³ç. as men-
weather ·³ñß»ÉÇ »Õ³Ý³Ï. The food here is ~ tioned/stated ~ ÇÝãå»ë í»ñÁ Ýßí»ó. This is ~
àõï»ëïÝ ³Ûëï»Õ ³Ñ³íáñ ¿: me ¸³ Ç٠ѳëϳóáÕáõÃÛáõÝÇó í»ñ ¿. He is
above-board 14 absolution

not ~ suspicion Üñ³Ý ¿É ϳñ»ÉÇ ¿ ϳëÏ³Í»É absconder [əb΄skɒndə] n Ëáõë³÷áÕ. ÷³Ë-


(ãÇ μ³ó³éíáõÙ) be ~ doing smth áñ¨¿ μ³- ãáÕ (³ñ¹³ñ³¹³ïáõÃÛáõÝÇó):
ÝÇó/μ³Ý ³Ý»Éáõó í»ñ ÉÇÝ»É: absence [΄æbsəns] n μ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ, ãÝ»ñ-
above-board [ə‚bΛv΄bɔ:d] 1. a, predic ³½- ϳ۳ݳÉÁ. in one‘s ~ (Ù»ÏÇ) μ³ó³Ï³Ûáõ-
ÝÇí, áõÕÕ³ÙÇï. 2. adv μ³ó»Çμ³ó, ³½Ýí³- ÃÛ³Ý ÁÝթ³óùáõÙ. ~ of evidence ³å³óáõÛó-
μ³ñ£ Ý»ñÇ μ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ without leave ÇÝù-
above mentioned [ə‚bΛv΄men∫nd] a í»ñá- ݳ·ÉáõË μ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ. leave of ~ ³ñ-
ÑÇßÛ³É: ïáÝÛ³É/ÃáõÛɳïñí³Í ³ñÓ³Ïáõñ¹. ÷Ëμ. ~
abrade [ə΄breid] v ëñμ»É, ù»ñÃ»É (ϳßÇÝ). of mind óñí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ:
ï»Ë. ÑÕÏ»É, ÷³ÛÉ ï³É£ absent [΄æbsənt] a μ³ó³Ï³. óñí³Í. be ~
abrasion [ə΄breiзn] n ù»ñÍí³Íù, ׳ÝÏÁé- from school/work ¹åñáóÇó μ³ó³Ï³Û»É, ³ß-
í³Íù. ~ of the skin Ù³ßÏÇ ù»ñÍí³Íù. ˳ï³ÝùÇ ã·Ý³É. an ~ look óñí³Í ѳ۳óù:
»ñÏñμ. ù³Ûù³ÛáõÙ. ï»Ë. ÑÕÏáõÙ, Ù³ùñáõÙ: absent [æb΄sent] v ~ oneself μ³ó³Ï³Û»É. ~
abrasive [ə΄breisiv]1. a áÕáñÏáÕ, ÑÕÏáÕ. oneself from Ëáõë³÷»É:
íÇ×»ÉÇ (ï³ñ³Ó³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ Ñ³ñáõóáÕ). 2. n absentee [‚æbsn΄ti:] n μ³ó³Ï³ÛáÕ. ~ ballot
ÑÕÏÇã/áÕáñÏáÕ ÝÛáõÃ: ÷áëïáí ùí»³ñÏáÕ:
abreast [ə΄brest] adv ѳí³ë³ñ, ÙǨÝáõÛÝ absenteeism [‚æbsn΄ti:izm] n Çñ³í. μ³ó³-
ٳϳñ¹³ÏÇ íñ³. ÏáÕù-ÏáÕùÇ. walking ϳÛáõÙ£
three ~ »ñ»ùáí ÏáÕù-ÏáÕùÇ ù³ÛÉ»É. be/keep absently [΄æbsəntli] adv óñí³Í Ï»ñåáí,
~ of the time ųٳݳÏÇ Ñ»ï ÁÝóݳÉ: ³Ýáõß³¹ñáñ»Ý:
abridge [ə΄bridз] v Ïñ׳ï»É. ~d edition ѳ- absent-minded [‚æbsnt΄maindid] a óñí³Í,
Ù³éáï Ññ³ï³ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ë³Ñٳݳ÷³- ³Ýáõß³¹ñáñ»Ý:
Ï»É (Çñ³íáõÝùÁ, ³½³ïáõÃÛáõÝÁ): absent-mindedness [‚æbsnt΄maindidnəs]
abridg(e)ment [ə΄bridзmənt] n Ïñ׳ïáõÙ. n óñí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ýáõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
ѳٳéáï ß³ñ³¹ñ³Ýù. ÏáÝëå»Ïï: absinth (e) [΄æbsinθ] n ûßÇݹñûÕÇ:
abroad [ə΄brɔ:d] adv ³ñï³ë³ÑÙ³Ý (áõÙ). absolute [΄æbsəlu:t] a μ³ó³ñÓ³Ï, ³Ýë³Ñ-
go ~ ³ñï³ë³ÑÙ³Ý ·Ý³É. from ~ ³ñï³- Ù³Ý, ϳï³ñÛ³É. an ~ majority μ³ó³ñÓ³Ï
ë³ÑÙ³ÝÇó. He‘s never been ~ ܳ »ñμ»ù ³ñ- ٻͳٳëÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ monarchy/power μ³-
ï³ë³ÑÙ³ÝáõÙ ãÇ »Õ»É. People ~ think ²ñ- ó³ñÓ³Ï Ùdzå»ïáõÃÛáõÝ/Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~
ï³ë³ÑÙ³Ýáõ٠ϳñÍáõÙ »Ý: trust Édzϳï³ñ íëï³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ proof ³Ý-
abrogate [΄æbrəgeit] v í»ñ³óÝ»É, ã»ÕÛ³É Ï³ëÏ³Í ³å³óáõÛó. That‘s ~ rubbish ¸³ μ³-
ѳÛï³ñ³ñ»É (ûñ»ÝùÁ, ëáíáñáõÛÃÁ): ó³ñÓ³Ï ÑÇÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ/³ÝÙïáõÃÛáõÝ ¿. ~
abrogation [‚æbrə΄gei∫n] n í»ñ³óáõÙ, veto ³Ýí»ñ³å³Ñ ³ñ·»Éù/í»ïá. ~ silence
áãÝã³óáõÙ: ϳï³ñÛ³É ÉéáõÃÛáõÝ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ address μ³-
abrupt [ə΄brΛpt] a ѳÝϳñÍ, ³Ýëå³ë»ÉÇ, ó³ñÓ³Ï/Ù»ù»Ý³Û³Ï³Ý ѳëó». ~ code/com-
ÏïñáõÏ, ѳïáõ, ëáõñ. ~ turn of the road ½³- mand/ error Ù»ù»Ý³ÛÇ Ïá¹. μ³ó³ñÓ³Ï Ññ³-
éÇó÷, ׳ݳå³ñÑÇ ÏïñáõÏ ßñç³¹³ñç. ~ Ù³Ý/ë˳É. ~ program μ³ó³ñÓ³Ï Ñ³ëó»Ý»-
manners ÏáåÇï ß³ñÅáõÓ¨. ~ speech ËÇëï ñáí Íñ³·Çñ. ~ value μ³ó³ñÓ³Ï Ù»Íáõ-
»ÉáõÛÃ/׳é. He was very ~ with me ܳ ÇÝÓ ÃÛáõÝ:
Ñ»ï ß³ï ÏáåÇï/ËÇëï ¿ñ: absolutely [΄æbsəlu:tli] adv μ³ó³ñӳϳ-
abruption [ə΄brΛp∫n] n ×»ÕùáõÙ, ³Ýç³- å»ë. ³Ýå³ÛÙ³Ý. ~ right μ³ó³ñÓ³Ï ×Çßï.
ïáõÙ, μ³Å³ÝáõÙ: ~ refuse to do smth Ïïñ³Ï³Ý³å»ë Ññ³Å³ñ-
abruptness [ə΄brΛptnəs] n ·³Ñ³í»Åù. í»É. ~ forbidden Ïïñ³Ï³Ý³å»ë ³ñ·»Éí³Í.
ѳÝϳñͳÏÇáõÃÛáõÝ. Áݹѳïí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ: He denied it ~ ܳ μ³ó³ñÓ³Ïå»ë ÅËï»ó
abscess [΄æbses] n óñ³Ë³ÏáõÛï, å³É³ñ: ³Û¹. Are you sure? A~! гÙá½í³±Í »ù: ´³-
abscond [əb΄skɒnd] v ÷³Ëã»É, Ëáõë³÷»É ó³ñӳϳ廰ë:
(¹³ï³ñ³ÝÇó, Ñ»ï³åݹáõÙÇó). ~ with the absolution [‚æbsə΄lu:∫n] n å³ïÅÇó ³½³ï-
cash ÷³Ëã»É Çñ Ñ»ï ï³Ý»Éáí ϳÝËÇÏ í»ÉÁ. ¹³ï³ñ³Ýáí ³ñ¹³ñ³óí»ÉÁ. »Ï»Õ.
¹ñ³ÙÁ: Ù»Õù»ñÇ ÃáÕáõÃÛáõÝ:
absolve 15 abundant

absolve [əb΄zɒlv] v ³½³ï»É (å³ñï³Ï³- ÃÛáõÝ, ÅáõÅϳÉáõÃÛáõÝ (ÑïÏå.` Ï»ñ³ÏñÇ


ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó ¨ ³ÛÉÝ) Ý»ñ»É, ³ñ¹³ñ³óÝ»É. ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ):
»Ï»Õ. ÃáÕáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É. ~ from one’s promise abstract [΄æbstrækt] n ѳٳéáï ß³ñ³¹-
ËáëïáõÙÇó ³½³ï»É. ~ from all blame áã ÙÇ ñ³Ýù, ³Ù÷á÷áõÙ. ÷ÇÉ. í»ñ³ó³Ï³Ý ѳë-
μ³ÝÇ Ù»ç ãÙ»Õ³¹ñ»É. Çñ³í. Ý»ñ»É, ³ñ¹³- ϳóáõÃÛáõÝ. ~s ë»ÕÙ³·Çñ. in the ~ í»ñ³ó³-
ñ³óÝ»É. The court ~d him from guilt ¸³ï³- ϳÝáñ»Ý. papers and ~s ·Çï³Ï³Ý Ñá¹-
ñ³ÝÁ Ýñ³Ý ³ñ¹³ñ³óñ»ó: í³ÍÝ»ñ ¨ ë»Õٳ׳é»ñ:
absorb [əb΄sɔ:b] v ÏɳݻÉ, Ý»ñÍÍ»É. Ý»ñ³- abstract [΄æbstrækt] a í»ñ³ó³Ï³Ý. ~ art
é»É, ѳëϳݳÉ. A sponge ~s water êåáõÝ·Á í»ñ³ó³Ï³Ý ³ñí»ëï. ~ service ß³ñ³¹ñá-
çáõñ ¿ ÏɳÝáõÙ. ~ heat ç»ñÙáõÃÛáõÝ ÏɳݻÉ. ճϳÝ/³Ù÷á÷³·ñ³ÛÇÝ Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ.
÷Ëμ. Ëáñ³ëáõ½í»É, Ùï³ëáõ½í»É ~ed in ÑÙÏñ·. ~ alphabet í»ñ³ó³Ï³Ý ³Ûμáõμ»Ý. ~
thoughts/in one’s work Ëáñ³ëáõ½í³Í Ùïù»- class í»ñ³ó³Ï³Ý ¹³ë. ~ code í»ñ³ó³Ï³Ý
ñÇ/³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ Ù»ç. ~ all the knowledge Ïá¹. ~ data type ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³ó³Ï³Ý
·Çï»ÉÇùÁ ÏɳݻÉ: ïÇå:
absorbable [əb΄sɔ:bəbl] a Ñ»ßï ÏɳݻÉÇ, abstract [æb΄strækt] v ѳݻÉ, ³é³ÝÓݳó-
ÍÍíáÕ£ Ý»É. ÷ÇÉ. í»ñ³ó³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý ¹Çï»É, ³μëï-
absorbedly [əb΄sɔ:bidli] adv ÏɳÝí³Í, Ù»Í ñ³Ñ»É. ³Ù÷á÷»É. ~ a book ·ÇñùÝ ³Ù÷á-
áõß³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ£ ÷»É. ~ metal from ore ѳÝùÇó Ù»ï³Õ ëï³-
absorbent [əb΄sɔ:bənt] 1. a ÍÍáÕ, Ý»ñÍÍáÕ. ݳÉ:
Cotton/Wool is ~ ´³Ùμ³ÏÁ/´áõñ¹Á Ñ»ÕáõÏ abstracted [æb΄stræktid] a Ùï³½μ³Õ,
Ý»ñÍÍáÕ ¿. 2. n ÏɳÝÇã/Ý»ñÍÍÇã ÝÛáõÃ: óñí³Í:
absorber [əb΄sɔ:bə] n ÏɳÝÇã. ï»Ë. ³Ùáñ- abstractedly [æb΄stræktidli] adv í»ñ³ó³-
ïǽ³ïáñ: ϳÝáñ»Ý. óñí³Í Ï»ñåáí:
absorbing [əb΄sɔ:biŋ] a ÏɳÝáÕ, Ý»ñÍÍáÕ. abstractedness [æb΄stræktidnəs] n í»ñ³-
÷Ëμ. ·ñ³íÇã, Ñ»ï³ùñùñ³Ï³Ý. He finds ó³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. óñí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ:
history a most ~ subject Üñ³ ѳٳñ å³ï- abstraction [æb΄stræk∫n] n ÷ÇÉ. í»ñ³ó³-
ÙáõÃÛáõÝÁ ³Ù»Ý³Ñ»ï³ùñùÇñ ³é³ñÏ³Ý ¿: ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ. óñí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. í»ñ³ó³ñÏáõÙ.
absorption [əb΄sɔ:p∫n] n ÏɳÝáõÙ. ѳٳ- with an air of ~ óñí³Íáñ»Ý, óñí³Í Ï»ñåáí.
ËÙμáõÙ. ëå³éáõÙ. labour force ~ ³ß˳- be lost in ~s óÝáñùÝ»ñáí ³åñ»É. ~ of infor-
ï³ÝùÇ ÙdzíáñáõÙ. industrial ~ ³ñï³¹ñ³- mation ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ³Ù÷á÷áõÙ. ù³Õ-
Ï³Ý ëå³éáõÙ: í³Íù£
abstain [əb΄stein] v ÅáõÅÏ³É ÉÇÝ»É, Çñ»Ý abstruse [æb΄stru:s] a ËñÃÇÝ, ¹Åí³ñ ѳë-
½ëå»É. Ëáõë³÷»É. He ~ed from wine ܳ ϳݳÉÇ. Ëáñ (Ùïù»ñ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ):
Ëáõë³÷áõÙ ¿ñ ·ÇÝÇ ËÙ»Éáõó. (Ó»éÝå³Ñ absurd [əb΄sə:d] a ³ÝѻûÃ, ³ÝÙÇï. ~
ÙݳÉ) ~ from voting ùí»³ñÏáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ãÙ³ë- excuse ³Ýѻûà å³ï׳é³μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~
ݳÏó»É/Ó»éÝå³Ñ ÙݳÉ: things ÑÇÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. What an ~ suggestion!
abstainer [əb΄steinə] n ãËÙáÕ, ÅáõÅϳÉ. a Æ°Ýã ³ÝÙÇï/³Ýѻûà ³é³ç³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ look
total ~ ãËÙáÕ, ½·³Û³μ³ñá Ù³ñ¹: ~ ÍÇͳջÉÇ/³Ýѻûà ï»ëù áõݻݳÉ. How
abstemious [æb΄sti:miəs] a ã³÷³íáñ. be ~ ~ ! Æ°Ýã ³ÝÙïáõÃÛáõÝ/ÑÇÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
over food and drink áõï»Éáõ ¨ ËÙ»Éáõ Ù»ç ã³- absurdity [əb΄sə:dəti] n ³ÝѻûÃáõÃÛáõÝ,
÷³íáñ ÉÇÝ»É: ³ÝÙïáõÃÛáõÝ:
abstention [əb΄sten∫n] n ã³÷³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ, abundance [ə΄bΛndəns] n ³é³ïáõÃÛáõÝ,
ÅáõÅϳÉáõÃÛáõÝ. ùÕù. Ó»éÝå³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ. The μ³½ÙáõÃÛáõÝ. live in ~ ³é³ïáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç
bill was carried with two ~s úñ»ÝùÇ ÁݹáõÝ- ³åñ»É. ~ of food and drink áõï»ÉÇùÇ ¨ ËÙ»-
Ù³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï »ñÏáõ Ñá·Ç Ó»éÝå³Ñ Ùݳ- ÉÇùÇ ³é³ïáõÃÛáõÝ:
óÇÝ: abundant [ə΄bΛndənt] a ³é³ï, ÉÇ. ѳ-
abstinence [΄æbstinəns] n ÅáõÅϳÉáõÃÛáõÝ ñáõëï. ~ harvest ³é³ï ÑáõÝÓք. ~ in smth
(ÑïÏåª ³ÉÏáÑáÉÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ): ÇÝã-áñ μ³Ýáí ³é³ï/ѳñáõëï. have ~ proof
abstinency [΄æbstinənsi] n ã³÷³íáñáõ- ß³ï ³å³óáõÛóÝ»ñ áõݻݳÉ:
abuse 16 acceptance

abuse [ə΄bju:s] n ѳÛÑáÛ³Ýù, íÇñ³íáñ³Ýù. plane ~d down the runway ÆÝùݳÃÇéÝ ³ñ³-
a stream of ~ íÇñ³íáñ³ÝùÇ/ѳÛÑáÛ³ÝùÇ ·áõÃÛáõÝÁ å³Ï³ë»óñ»ó ÃéÇãùÇ Ñ³ñó-
ï³ñ³÷. an ~ of trust íëï³ÑáõÃÛ³Ý ã³ñ³- ÏáõÙ. ~ up the hill ³ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝÝ ³í»É³óÝ»É
ß³ÑáõÙ. ~ of one’s authority/confidence Çß˳- ë³ñÝ Ç í»ñ:
ÝáõÃÛ³Ý/íëï³ÑáõÃÛ³Ý ã³ñ³ß³ÑáõÙ. sexual accelerated [ək΄seləreitid] a ýǽ. ³ñ³·³ó-
~ ë»é³Ï³Ý μéÝáõÃÛáõÝ: í³Í:
abuse [ə΄bju:z] v ݳ˳ï»É. ~ for the mistake acceleration [ək‚selə΄rei∫n] n ³ñ³·³óáõÙ:
ݳ˳ï»É ϳï³ñ³Í ë˳ÉÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. ~ smn The car has good ~ Ø»ù»Ý³Ý É³í ³ñ³·áõ-
mercilessly Ù»ÏÇÝ ³ÝËÕ×áñ»Ý ݳ˳ï»É. ÃÛáõÝ ¿ ½³ñ·³óÝáõÙ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ time ³ÏïÇ-
(ã³ñ³ß³Ñ»É) ~ smb’s kindness Ù»ÏÇ μ³- í³óÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÁ:
ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ã³ñ³ß³Ñ»É: accelerative [ək΄seləreitiv] a ³ñ³·³óáõóÇã:
abusive [ə΄bju:siv] a ݳ˳ï³Ï³Ý, ѳÛÑá- accelerator [ək΄seləreitə] n ï»Ë. ³ñ³·³-
۳ϳÝ, íÇñ³íáñ³Ï³Ý. ~ language ѳÛÑá- óáõóÇã. ùÇÙ. ϳï³Éǽ³ïáñ:
Û³Ýù, ѳÛÑáÛ³Ëáëù. íÇñ³íáñ³Ýù. become accent [΄æksnt] n ³éá·³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ñï³-
~ ëÏë»É íÇñ³íáñ»É/ѳÛÑáÛ»É: ë³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ³Ïó»Ýï. speak with a foreign ~
abut [ə΄bΛt] v ë³ÑٳݳÏÇó ÉÇÝ»É, Áݹѳ- oï³ñ ³éá·³ÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ/³Ïó»Ýïáí Ëáë»É.
Ýáõñ ë³ÑÙ³Ý áõݻݳÉ: (ß»ßï) primary ~ ·É˳íáñ ß»ßï. pronounce
abysmal [ə΄bizml] a ³Ýë³ÑÙ³Ý, ͳÛñ³Ñ»Õ. with an ~ ß»ßïí³Í ³ñï³ë³Ý»É. speak with
~ ignorance ³Õ³Õ³ÏáÕ ï·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ play a perfect ~ ÑáÛ³Ï³å ³ñï³ë³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ áõ-
³Ýï³Õ³Ý¹ μ»Ù³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ: ݻݳÉ:
abyss [ə΄bis] n ³Ý¹áõݹ, íÇÑ. the ~ ¹ÅáËù. accent [ək΄sent] v ß»ßï»É. ~ the last syllable
the ~ of despair Ñáõë³Ñ³ïáõÃÛ³Ý íÇÑ: ß»ßï»É í»ñçÇÝ í³ÝÏÁ. sports cars were ~ed
abyssal [ə΄bisl] a Ëáñ: ëåáñï³ÛÇÝ Ù»ù»Ý³Ý»ñÁ ѳïáõÏ Áݹ-
acacia [ə΄kei∫ə] n ³Ï³ódz. Éáñ»ÝÇ: ·Íí»óÇÝ:
academe [΄ækədi:m] n քáÉ»çÇ/ѳٳÉë³ñ³- accentual [æk΄sent∫uəl] a ß»ßï³Ï³Ý, ß»ßïÇ
ÝÇ ÏÛ³ÝùÁ/Çñ³¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝÁ: Ñ»ï ϳåí³Í. ïáݳÛÇÝ:
academic [‚ækə΄demik] n ·Çïݳϳݣ accentuate [æk΄sent∫ueit] v ß»ßï»É. ÷Ëμ.
academic(al) [ækə΄demik (l) ] a ·Çï³Ï³Ý, Áݹ·Í»É:
³Ï³¹»ÙdzϳÝ. áõëáõÙݳϳÝ. the ~ year accentuation [æk‚sent∫u΄ei∫n] n ß»ßï³¹-
áõëáõÙÝ³Ï³Ý ï³ñÇ. (½áõï ï»ë³Ï³Ý, í»- ñáõÙ. ß»ßï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·. ÷Ëμ.
ñ³ó³Ï³Ý) The question is entirely ~ ê³ ½áõï Áݹ·ÍáõÙ:
ï»ë³Ï³Ý ѳñó ¿. ~ freedoms ѳٳÉë³ñ³- accept [ək΄sept] v ÁݹáõÝ»É. ѳٳӳÛÝ»ó-
Ý³Ï³Ý Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñ: Ý»É. ×Çßï ѳٳñ»É. ~ a gift/invitation/offer
academically [‚ækə΄demikəli] adv ï»ë³- Ýí»ñ/Ññ³í»ñ/³é³ç³ñÏ ÁݹáõÝ»É. (ѳٳ-
ϳÝáñ»Ý: Ó³ÛÝ»É) I can’t ~ what he says ºë ã»Ù ϳñáÕ
academician [ə‚kædə΄mi∫n] n ³Ï³¹»ÙÇ- ѳٳӳÛÝ»É Ýñ³ Ñ»ï/ÁݹáõÝ»É Ýñ³ ³-
Ïáë: ë³ÍÁ. ~ed ÁݹáõÝí³Í, ׳ݳãí³Í. be ~ed
academy [ə΄kædəmi] n ³Ï³¹»Ùdz. the ~ of by everybody μáÉáñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ÁݹáõÝí³Í ÉÇ-
sciences ·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ³Ï³¹»Ùdz. the Ý»É. Nowadays it is ~ed Ø»ñ ûñ»ñáõÙ ÁݹáõÝ-
Royal A~ of Arts ÈáݹáÝÇ ·»Õ³ñí»ëïÇ í³Í ¿:
³Ï³¹»Ùdz. military ~ é³½Ù³Ï³Ý ³Ï³¹»- acceptability [ək‚septə΄biləti] n ÁݹáõÝ»-
Ùdz/áõëáõÙݳñ³Ý. ~ of music »ñ³Åßï³- ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ, ÃáõÛɳïñ»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ£
Ï³Ý ¹åñáó/áõëáõÙݳñ³Ý: acceptable [ək΄septəbl] a ÁݹáõÝ»ÉÇ, ÃáõÛ-
accede [æk΄si:d] v ѳٳӳÛÝí»É. ³é³- ɳïñ»ÉÇ. The proposal is ~ ²é³ç³ñÏÝ ÁÝ-
ç³ñÏ/å³ßïáÝ ÁݹáõÝ»É: ¹áõÝ»ÉÇ ¿. widely ~ ٻͳå»ë/ɳÛÝáñ»Ý ÁÝ-
accelerate [ək΄seləreit] v ³ñ³·³óÝ»É, ³- ¹áõÝ»ÉÇ. Tea would be very ~ »ÛÁ ß³ï ѳ-
ñ³·³Ý³É. The work was ~d ²ß˳ï³ÝùÝ ³- ×»ÉÇ ÏÉÇÝ»ñ. ~ damage ÃáõÛɳïñ»ÉÇ íݳë:
ñ³·³óí»ó. The train ~d ¶Ý³óùÁ ³ñ³·áõ- acceptance [ək΄septəns] n ÁݹáõÝáõÙ, ѳ-
ÃÛáõÝÁ ³í»É³óñ»ó/³ñ³·³ó³í. The aero- í³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. general ~ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ѳí³Ýáõ-
accepted 17 accommodate

ÃÛáõÝ. general ~ ѳÙÁݹѳÝáõñ ׳ݳãáõÙ. í»É. He broke his leg in an ~ Üñ³ áïùÁ
~ wage Ýí³½³·áõÛÝ/ÁݹáõÝí³Í ³ß˳ï³- Ïáïñí»ó íóñÇ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï. ~ insurance ³-
í³ñÓ: å³Ñáí³·ñáõÙ ¹Åμ³Ëï å³ï³Ñ³ñÝ»ñÇó.
accepted [ək΄septid] a ѳí³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ·ï³Í, His presence was not an ~ Üñ³ Ý»ñϳÛáõ-
ÁݹáõÝí³Í, ׳ݳãí³Í: ÃÛáõÝÁ å³ï³Ñ³Ï³Ý ã¿ñ. It was a sheer/pure
access [΄ækses] n Ùáõïù, Ùáï»Ý³Éáõ Ñݳñ³- ~ ê³ Ù³ùáõñ/½áõï å³ï³Ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ
íáñáõÃÛáõÝ, Ý»ñó÷³ÝóáõÙ. I have ~ to ¿ñ. by ~ å³ï³Ñ³μ³ñ. ~ prone Ó³Ëáñ¹,
these documents ºë ³Ûë ÷³ëï³ÃÕûñÇó Ó³ËáÕ³Ï. He is ~-prone Üñ³ Ñ»ï ÙÇßï ÇÝã-
û·ïí»Éáõ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ/Çñ³íáõÝù áõ- áñ μ³Ý ¿ å³ï³ÑáõÙ:
Ý»Ù. He has direct ~ to the minister ܳ ³ÝÙÇ- accidental [‚æksi΄dentl] a å³ï³Ñ³Ï³Ý,
ç³Ï³Ý Ùáõïù áõÝÇ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñÇ Ùáï. There ³Ý³ÏÝϳÉ. an ~ meeting ³Ý³ÏÝÏ³É Ñ³Ý¹Ç-
is no ~ to this building ²Ûë ß»ÝùÇÝ Ùáï»Ý³Éáõ åáõÙ:
Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ ãϳ. the only ~ to this accidentally [‚æksi΄dentli] adv å³ï³Ñ³-
house ß»ÝùÇ ÙÇ³Ï ÙáõïùÁ. easy of ~ Ù³ïã»- μ³ñ, ³Ýëå³ë»ÉÇáñ»Ý, ³Ý³ÏÝÏ³É Ï»ñåáí:
ÉÇ. difficult of ~ ¹Åí³ñ Ù³ïã»ÉÇ. μÅßÏ. Ýá- acclaim [ə΄kleim] v μáõéÝ Ï»ñåáí áÕçáõ-
å³ an ~ of coughing ѳ½Ç Ýáå³. right of ~ Ý»É/ͳ÷³Ñ³ñ»É. ÁݹáõÝ»É. The play received
ÙáõïùÇ/³ÝóÝ»Éáõ Çñ³íáõÝù. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ great ~ Ü»ñϳ۳óáõÙÁ μáõéÝ ÁݹáõÝ»Éáõ-
address ¹ÇÙ»Éáõ ѳëó». ~ control ѳë³Ý»- ÃÛáõÝ ·ï³í. (ѳÛï³ñ³ñ»É, ³½¹³ñ³ñ»É)
ÉÇáõÃÛ³Ý Õ»Ï³í³ñáõÙ. ~ method ¹ÇÙ»Éáõ/ They ~ed him king Üñ³Ý ó·³íáñ Ñéã³Ï»-
ÁÝïñÙ³Ý Ù»Ãá¹: óÇÝ:
accessible [ək΄sesəbl] a Ù³ïã»ÉÇ, ѳë³Ý»- acclamation [‚æklə΄mei∫n] n μáõéÝ/Ùdz-
ÉÇ, ѳÝñ³Ù³ïã»ÉÇ. ~ book ѳÝñ³Ù³ïã»ÉÇ Ó³ÛÝ Ëñ³Ëáõë³Ýù. elected/carried by ~
·Çñù. He is always ~ ܳ ÙÇßï ÁݹáõÝáõÙ ¿. ÁÝïñ»É ³é³Ýó ùí»³ñÏáõÃÛ³Ý. ~s of the
facts ~ to all μáÉáñÇÝ Ù³ïã»ÉÇ ÷³ëï»ñ. This crowds ÅáÕáíñ¹Ç/³ÙμáËÇ Ë³Ý¹³í³é
place is not ~ by car ²Ûë í³ÛñÁ Ù»ù»Ý³Ûáí áÕçáõÛÝÝ»ñ:
Ù³ïã»ÉÇ ã¿: acclimate [΄æklimeit] v ï»°ë acclimatize:
accession [ək΄se∫n] n Ùáõïù, ÙdzóáõÙ. acclimation [‚ækli΄mei∫n] n ï»°ë acclimati-
(å³ßïáÝÇ/¹ÇñùÇ) ëï³ÝÓÝáõÙ. ~ to the zation:
throne ·³Ñ μ³ñÓñ³Ý³ÉÁ. ~ to the estate ϳÉ- acclimatization [ə‚klaimətai΄zei∫n] n ÏÉÇ-
í³ÍùÇ ï»ñ ¹³éݳÉ. (³í»É³óáõÙ, ³×) ~s to Ù³ÛÇÝ í³ñÅ»óÝ»ÉÁ/ÁÝï»É³Ý³ÉÁ:
the library ·ñ³¹³ñ³ÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ÉñáõÙ (Ýáñ acclimatize [ə΄klaimətaiz] v ÏÉÇÙ³ÛÇÝ í³ñ-
ÝÛáõûñáí). the ~ of the new members Ýáñ Å»óÝ»É/í³ñÅí»É, ÁÝï»É³Ý³É. become ~d
³Ý¹³ÙÝ»ñÇ ³í»É³óáõÙÁ: ÏÉÇÙ³ÛÇÝ í³ñÅí»É. You will soon get ~d ¸áõù
accessories [ək΄sesəris] n å×ݳÝùÇ ³é³ñ- ßáõïáí Ïí³ñÅí»ù ³Ûë ÏÉÇÙ³ÛÇÝ:
ϳݻñ, Éñ³óáõóÇã å³ñ³·³Ý»ñ/Ù³ë»ñ. acclivity [ə΄klivəti] n ½³éÇí³Ûñ, ûùáõÃÛáõÝ:
³ùë»ëáõ³ñÝ»ñ. the ~ of a bycicle ѻͳÝíÇ acclivous [ə΄klaivəs] a ûù, ß»Õ, ³ëïÇ׳-
Éñ³óáõóÇã Ù³ë»ñÁ. the ~ of a woman’s dress ݳӨ μ³ñÓñ³óáÕ:
ϳݳóÇ Ñ³·áõëïÇ Éñ³óáõóÇã å³ñ³·³- accolade [΄ækəleid] n ·áí»ëï. ѳí³Ýáõ-
Ý»ñÁ: ÃÛáõÝ. å³ñ·¨. ³ëå»ïÇ ÏáãáõÙ ßÝáñÑ»ÉÁ.
accessory [ək΄sesəri] n Éñ³óáõóÇã, áã the ~s of the literary critics ·ñ³ùÝݳ¹³ïÝ»-
ϳñ¨áñ å³ñ³·³. Çñ³í. Ù³ëݳÏÇó, ·áñ- ñÇ Ñ³í³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ:
ͳÏÇó, ѳÝó³ÏÇó. ~ to the crime á×ÇñÇ accommodate [ə΄kɒmədeit] v ûè³Ý ï³É,
Ù³ëݳÏÇó, ѳÝó³ÏÇó: ï»Õ³íáñ»É. Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñ»É. The delegates
accidence [΄æksidəns] n íóñ³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ. were ~d in hotel ä³ïíÇñ³ÏÝ»ñÇÝ ï»Õ³íá-
Ó¨³μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: ñ»óÇÝ ÑÛáõñ³ÝáóáõÙ. I can ~ him for a night
accident [΄æksidənt] n ¹Åμ³Ëï å³ï³- ºë ϳñáÕ »Ù Ýñ³Ý Ù»Ï ·Çß»ñáí ûè³Ý
ѳñ, íóñ. fatal ~ ׳ϳﳷñ³Ï³Ý íóñ. ï³É. The hall ~s 200 people ¸³ÑÉÇ×áõÙ 200
railway/car ~ »ñϳÃáõÕ³ÛÇÝ/³íïáÙ»ù»Ý³ÛÇ Ù³ñ¹ ¿ ï»Õ³íáñíáõÙ. (ѳñÙ³ñ»óÝ»É) I’ll ~
íóñ. have/meet with an ~ íóñÇ »ÝóñÏ- my plans to yours ºë ÇÙ åɳÝÝ»ñÁ Ó»½
accommodation 18 account

ÏѳñÙ³ñ»óÝ»Ù. They always try to ~ thier accord [ə΄kɔ:d] n ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ѳß-


clients Üñ³Ýù ÙÇßï ç³ÝáõÙ »Ý ͳé³- ï³·Çñ. with one ~ ÙdzӳÛÝ. of one’s own ~
ÛáõÃÛáõÝ Ù³ïáõó»É Çñ»Ýó ѳ׳Ëáñ¹Ý»- ë»÷³Ï³Ý ϳÙùáí, ϳٳíáñ. The problem
ñÇÝ/ÏÉÇ»ÝïÝ»ñÇÝ: won’t go away of its ûwn ÊݹÇñÁ/äñáμÉ»ÙÁ
accommodation [ə‚kɒmə΄dei∫n] n μݳϳ- ÇÝùÝ Çñ»Ý ãÇ ÉáõÍíÇ. »ñÅß. ³Ïáñ¹. final,
ñ³Ý, ß»Ýù. We need ~ for a fortnight Ù»½ »ñ- closing/opening ~s í»ñçÇÝ, »½ñ³÷³ÏÇã/
Ïáõ ß³μ³Ãáí μݳϳñ³Ý ¿ å»ïù. Hotel ~ is ëϽμÇ ³Ïáñ¹:
a problem in summer ²Ùé³ÝÁ ¹Åí³ñ ¿ ѳ- accord [ə΄kɔ:d] v ѳٳå³ï³ë˳ݻÉ, Ý»ñ-
Ù³ñ Ó»éù μ»ñ»É ÑÛáõñ³ÝáóáõÙ. Do you pro- ¹³ßݳϻÉ. His behaviour doesn’t ~ with his
vide ~? ¸áõù μݳϳñ³Ýáí ³å³Ñáíá±õÙ principles Üñ³ í³ñù³·ÇÍÁ ãÇ Ñ³Ù³å³-
»ù. ~ unit μݳϳñ³Ý/ß»Ýù Ù»Ï ÁÝï³ÝÇùÇ ï³ë˳ÝáõÙ Çñ ëϽμáõÝùÝ»ñÇÝ. (ÃáõÛÉ
ѳٳñ. (ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ) come to an ~ ï³É, å³ñ·¨»É, ßÝáñÑ»É) He was ~ed the right
ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý ·³É: to vote Üñ³Ý ÁÝïñ»Éáõ Çñ³íáõÝù ïñí»ó.
accompaniment [ə΄kΛmpənimənt] n áõ- (ɳí ÁݹáõÝ»É). He was ~ed a warm welcome
Õ»ÏóáõÙ. »ñÅß. Ýí³·³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ. to the ~ of Üñ³Ý ç»ñÙ ÁݹáõÝ»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ óáõÛó ïñí»ó:
Ýí³·³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ùμ: accordance [ə΄kɔ:dns] n ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ,
accompanist [ə΄kΛmpənist] n Ýí³·³ÏóáÕ£ ѳٳå³ï³ëËáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ. in ~ with ѳٳ-
accompan/y [ə΄kΛmpəni] v áõÕ»Ïó(í)»É. Ó³ÛÝ, ѳٳå³ï³ë³Ë³Ý. in ~ with your
The delegation was ~ied by a guide ä³ïíÇ- wishes ѳٳӳÛÝ Ó»ñ ó³ÝÏáõÃÛ³Ý:
ñ³ÏÝ»ñÇÝ áõÕ»ÏóáõÙ ¿ñ ·Ç¹Á/¿ùëÏáõñ³í³- according [ə΄kɔ:diŋ] adv ѳٳӳÛÝ. ~ to
ñÁ. ~ to the door ÙÇÝ㨠¹áõéÝ áõÕ»Ïó»É. Light- him Áëï Ýñ³. ~ to newspapers ѳٳӳÛÝ
ning ~ied with thunder γÛͳÏÁ áõÕ»Ïóíáõ٠ûñûñÇ, ¹³ï»Éáí ûñûñÇó:
¿ñ ³Ùåñáåáí. γÛͳÏÇÝ áõÕ»ÏóáõÙ ¿ñ ³Ù- accordingly [ə΄kɔ:diŋli] adv áõëïÇ, ѻ勉-
åñáåÁ. »ñÅß. Ýí³·³Ïó»É. ~ a singer »ñ·ãÇÝ μ³ñ, ѳٳå³ï³ë³Ë³Ýμ³ñ. You must act
Ýí³·³Ïó»É: ~ ¸áõù å»ïù ¿ ѳٳå³ï³ë˳ݳμ³ñ
accomplice [ə΄kΛmplis] n Ù»Õë³ÏÇó, ѳÝ- ·áñÍ»ù. ~ to the plan/agreement/rules. Áëï
ó³ÏÇó, ·áñͳÏÇó. an ~ in a crime ѳÝó³Ý- Íñ³·ñÇ åɳÝÇ/ѳٳӳÛݳ·ñÇ/ ϳÝáÝÝ»-
ùÇ Ù³ëݳÏÇó, ѳÝó³ÏÇó. ñÇ:
accomplish [ə΄kΛmpli∫] v ³í³ñï»É, ϳ- accordion [ə΄kɔ:diən] n ³Ïáñ¹»áÝ, ѳñÙáÝ:
ï³ñ»É, Éñ³óÝ»É. ~ a task ËݹÇñÁ/ѳÝÓݳ- accost [ə΄kɒst] n áÕçáõÛÝ, ¹ÇÙáõÙ:
ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ϳï³ñ»É. ѳëÝ»É (ϳï³ñ»- accost [ə΄kɒst] v Ù»ÏÇÝ ¹ÇÙ»É (Ññ³å³ñ³Ïá-
ÉáõÃÛ³Ý) We hoped tօ ~ more Ø»Ýù ÑáõÛë áõ- ñ»Ý). Ñ»ï³åݹ»É, åáÏ ã·³É, Ó³ÝÓñ³óÝ»É.
Ý»ÇÝù ³í»ÉÇÇÝ Ñ³ëÝ»É/³í»ÉÇÝ ³Ý»É. We He was ~ed by a beggar Øáõñ³óϳÝÁ Ñ»ï³-
~ed nothing Ø»Ýù áãÝãÇ ãѳë³Ýù. ~ won- åݹáõÙ ¿ñ Ýñ³Ý:
ders/miracles Ññ³ßùÝ»ñ ϳï³ñ»É. ~ a feat accoucheur [‚æku:΄∫ə:] n Ù³Ýϳμ³ñÓ:
Ñ»ñáëáõÃÛáõÝ ·áñÍ»É. He ~ed his object ܳ accoucheuse [‚æku:΄∫ə:z] n Ù³Ýϳμ³ñÓáõ-
ѳë³í Çñ Ýå³ï³ÏÇÝ: ÑÇ:
accomplished [ə΄kΛmpli∫t] a ³í³ñïí³Í, account [ə΄kaunt] n ѳßÇí. current/bank/joint
ϳï³ñí³Í. ϳ۳ó³Í. an ~ fact ϳï³ñ- ~ ÁÝóóÇÏ/μ³ÝϳÛÇÝ/Ùdzï»Õ ѳßÇí.
í³Í ÷³ëï. an ~ singer/dancer ϳï³ñÛ³É (ѳßí»ïíáõÃÛáõÝ) accurate/detailed/full ~
»ñ·Çã/å³ñáÕ. an ~ performance of Chopin ×ß·ñÇï/Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ/ÉñÇí ѳßí»ïíáõ-
Þáå»ÝÇ Ñá۳ϳå ϳï³ñáõÙ: ÃÛáõÝ. newspaper ~ ѳÕáñ¹áõ٠ûñÃÇ Ñ³-
accomplishment [ə΄kΛmpli∫mənt] n ³- Ù³ñ. open/close an ~ with a bank μ³ÝÏáõ٠ѳ-
í³ñïáõÙ, Ýí³×áõÙ. μ³ñ»ÏÇñà ߳ñÅáõ- ßÇí μ³ó»É/÷³Ï»É. on ~ of Ç Ñ³ßÇí, ѳßíÇÝ.
Ó¨»ñ. ϳï³ñ»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ. ÏñÃáõÃÛáõÝ, ɳí on one’s own ~ ÇÝùݳ·ÉáõË. square/settle ~s
¹³ëïdzñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ of one’s aims Ýå³- with ѳßÇí ÷³Ï»É/Ù³ùñ»É. call to ~ å³-
ï³ÏÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³ëÝ»ÉÁ. ~s ³ñųÝÇù, μ³ñ»- ï³ë˳ݳïíáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³Ýã»É/ѳßÇí å³-
Ù³ëÝáõÃÛáõÝ. She is a girl of many ~s ܳ ѳÝç»É. take into ~ ѳßíÇ ³éÝ»É. (å³ï-
μ³½Ù³ÃÇí ³ñųÝÇùÝ»ñÇ ï»ñ ³ÕçÇÏ ¿: ׳é) on ~ of å³ï׳éáí. on no ~ áã ÙÇ
account 19 accused

¹»åùáõÙ. of no/small ~ áã ϳñ¨áñ. on what ~ ? accrual [ə΄kruəl] n ³×. ÁݹɳÛÝáõÙ. ~ of right


ÇÝãDZ ÑÇÙ³Ý íñ³. keep ~s ѳßí³å³Ñ³- Çñ³íáõÝùÇ ÁݹɳÛÝáõÙ:
Ï³Ý Ù³ïÛ³Ý í³ñ»É. book ~ ѳßí³å³Ñ³- accrue [ə΄kru:] v ³í»É³Ý³É, ³×»É (ïáÏáë-
Ï³Ý ·Çñù. ~s department ѳßí³å³Ñáõ- Ý»ñÁ). ~d interest ³×³Í ïáÏáë. ~ a right
ÃÛáõÝ. call/bring smb to ~ Ù»ÏÇó ѳßÇí å³- Çñ³íáõÝù ëï³Ý³É. Interest ~s îáÏáëÁ/Þ³-
ѳÝç»É. (·áí³½¹áõÙ) They got the toothpaste ÑáõÛÃÁ ³×áõÙ ¿:
~ Üñ³Ýó ѳÝÓݳñ³ñ»óÇÝ ³ï³ÙÇ Ù³Íáõ- accumulate [ə΄kju:mjəleit] v Ïáõï³Ï»É, ѳ-
ÏÇ ·áí³½¹áõÙÁ. falsification of ~s ѳßÇíÝ»- í³ù»É, ¹Ç½»É. ~ knowledge ·Çï»ÉÇù Ïáõï³-
ñÇ Ï»ÕÍáõÙ. Çñ³í. eye-witness ~ ³Ï³Ý³- Ï»É. ~ fortune ѳñëïáõÃÛáõÝ ¹Ç½»É. ~ a libra-
ï»ëÇ íϳÛáõÃÛáõÝ: ry ·ñ³¹³ñ³Ý ëï»ÕÍ»É/ѳí³ù»É. Dust ~s
account [ə΄kaunt] v ѳßíÇ ³éÝ»É. ѳٳñ»É. soon öáßÇÝ ³ñ³· ¿ ÏÇïíáõÙ. Interest ~s
be ~ed a hero Ñ»ñáë ѳٳñí»É. ~ it a great fa- slowly îáÏáëÝ»ñÁ ¹³Ý¹³Õ »Ý ³×áõÙ:
vour ßÝáñÑ/ëÇñ³ÉÇñáõÃÛáõÝ Ñ³Ù³ñ»É. ~ for accumulation [ə‚kju:mjə΄lei∫n] n Ïáõï³-
μ³ó³ïñ»É, ѳßÇí ï³É. That ~s for several ÏáõÙ, ѳí³ùáõÙ. ïÝï. primitive ~ ݳË-
things ¸ñ³Ýáí ß³ï μ³Ý»ñ »Ý μ³ó³- Ý³Ï³Ý Ïáõï³ÏáõÙ. Çñ³í. an ~ of evidence
ïñíáõÙ. I have to ~ to my father ºë å»ïù ¿ ѳÝó³Ýß³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ïáõï³ÏáõÙ:
Ñáñë ѳßÇí ï³Ù. That ~s for it ²Ñ³ û accumulative [ə΄kju:mjələtiv] a Ïáõï³Ï-
ÇÝãáí ¿ ³Û¹ μ³ó³ïñíáõÙ. How do you ~ it í³Í, ÏÇïí³Í. ߳ѳë»ñ, ÁÝã³ù³Õó:
for? ÆÝãá±í »ù ¹³ μ³ó³ïñáõÙ: accumulator [ə΄kju:mjəleitə] n Ïáõï³ÏÇã.
accountability [ə‚kauntə΄biləti] n å³ï³ë- ¿É. ³ÏáõÙáõÉÛ³ïáñ. charge/discharge ~ ³Ïáõ-
˳ݳïíáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳßí»ïíáõÃÛáõÝ: ÙáõÉÛ³ïáñÁ ÉÇóù³íáñ»É/ÉÇóù³Ã³÷»É.
accountable [ə΄kauntəbl] a å³ï³ë˳ݳ- ÑÙÏñ·. ·áõÙ³ñÇã, ѳí³ùáÕ, Ïáõï³ÏáÕ:
ïáõ, ѳßí»ïáõ. He will be held ~ for this ܳ accuracy [΄ækjərəsi] n ×ß·ñïáõÃÛáõÝ,
¹ñ³ ѳٳñ å³ï³ëË³Ý Ïï³. She is ~ to ×ßï³å³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ in shooting ³Ýíñ»å
her manager ܳ ѳßí»ïáõ ¿ ïÝûñ»ÝÇÝ. The Ïñ³Ï(áÕ):
madman is not ~ for his actions ʻɳ·³ñÁ å³- accurate [΄ækjərit] a ×ß·ñÇï, ×Çßï. ~ dis-
ï³ë˳ݳïáõ ã¿ Çñ ³ñ³ñùÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ: cription/information ×ß·ñÇï Ýϳñ³·ñáõ-
acountancy [ə΄kauntənsi] n ѳßí³å³Ñáõ- ÃÛáõÝ/ ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. (³Ýë˳É) ~ scales ³Ý-
ÃÛáõÝ, ѳßí³å³Ñ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍ. go in for ~ ë˳É/ ×Çßï Ïß»éù. (×ßï³å³Ñ, ϳÝáݳ-
ѳßí³å³Ñ ¹³éݳÉ: íáñ) ~ worker ×ßï³å³Ñ ³ß˳ïáÕ. be ~ in
accountant [ə΄kauntənt] n ѳßí³å³Ñ. one’ s work ϳÝáݳíáñ, μ³ñ»ËÇÕ× ³ß˳-
Çñ³í. å³ï³ë˳ÝáÕ ÏáÕÙ. ~ general ï»É. ~ aim ³Ýíñ»å/¹ÇåáõÏ Ý߳ݳéáõ-
·É˳íáñ ѳßí³å³Ñ. ³Ù. chartered ~ ÃÛáõÝ:
»ñ¹íÛ³É Ñ³ßí³å³Ñ£ accursed [ə΄kə:sid] a ³ÝÇÍÛ³É, ã³ñ³μ³ë-
accountant-general [ə΄kauntənt-dзenərəl] ïÇÏ:
n ·É˳íáñ ѳßí³å³Ñ: accusation [‚ækju΄zei∫n] n Ù»Õ³¹ñ³Ýù.
accounting [ə΄kauntiŋ] n ѳßí³éáõÙ, ѳß- Çñ³í. Ù»Õ³¹ñ³Ï³Ý ³Ïï. bring/make an ~
í³éáõ ÉÇÝ»ÉÁ. ѳßí³å³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ. cost ~ against smb Ù»ÏÇ ¹»Ù Ù»Õ³¹ñ³Ýù Ý»ñϳ-
³ñÅ»ùÇ Ñ³ßí³ñÏáõÙ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ file/informa- Û³óÝ»É. false ~ ³ÝÑÇÙÝ Ù»Õ³¹ñ³Ýù. be
tion ѳßí³éÙ³Ý ý³ÛÉ/ÇÝýáñÙ³ódz: under an ~ of Ù»Õ³¹ñ»É (ÇÝã-áñ μ³ÝáõÙ):
accredit [ə΄kredit] v Édz½áñ»É, ѳí³ï³ñ- accusative [ə΄kju:zətiv] a, n ù»ñ. ѳÛó³-
Ù³·ñ»É, íëï³Ñ»É. be ~ed to France üñ³Ý- ϳÝ, ѳÛó³Ï³Ý ÑáÉáí:
ëdzÛÇ ¹»ëå³Ý Ý߳ݳÏí»É£ accuse [ə΄kju:z] v Ù»Õ³¹ñ»É. ~ smb of a crime/
accredited [ə΄kreditid] a å³ßïáݳå»ë ׳- theft ѳÝó³ÝùáõÙ/·áÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç Ù»Õ³-
ݳãí³Í. ~ opinion ѳÙÁݹѳÝáõñ Áݹáõ- ¹ñ»É. I don’t want to ~ anybody ºë áã-áùÇ ã»Ù
Ý»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ ·ï³Í ϳñÍÇù. (»ñ³ß˳íáñ- áõ½áõÙ Ù»Õ³¹ñ»É:
í³Í áñ³Ï) ~ milk »ñ³ß˳íáñí³Í ϳÃ: accused [ə΄kju:zd] n Ù»Õ³¹ñÛ³É. Çñ³í. ³Ù-
accretion [ə΄kri:∫n] n ³×. ³×»Éáí Ùdzݳ- μ³ëï³ÝÛ³É. the ~ on bail »ñ³ß˳íáñáõ-
ÉÁ/Ïóí»ÉÁ£ ÃÛ³Ùμ ³ñÓ³Ïí³Í Ù»Õ³¹ñÛ³É:
accuser 20 acknowledgement

accuser [ə΄kju:zə] n Çñ³í. Ù»Õ³¹ñáÕ: ~ nothing áã ÙÇ μ³ÝÇ/áãÝãÇ ãѳëÝ»É:


accusingly [ə΄kju:ziŋli] adv Ù»Õ³¹ñ»Éáí. he achievement [ə΄t∫i:vmənt] n Ýí³×áõÙ, ѳë-
pointed ~ at me ݳ Ù»Õ³¹ñ»Éáí ÇÝÓ Ù³ïݳ- Ý»ÉÁ. impossible of ~ ³ÝÑݳñÇÝ ¿ Ýí³×»ÉÁ/
Ýß»ó: ѳëÝ»ÉÁ. great/remarkable ~s Ëáßáñ/Ñdzݳ-
accustom [ə΄kΛstəm] v ëáíáñ»É, ëáíáñ»ó- ÉÇ Ýí³×áõÙÝ»ñ. be proud of one’s ~s Ýí³-
Ý»É. í³ñÅí»É, í³ñÅ»óÝ»É. ~ oneself í³ñÅ- ×áõÙÝ»ñáí/ѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí Ñå³ñï³-
í»É. ~ oneself to hard work ͳÝñ ³ß˳ï³Ý- ݳÉ. scientific ~s ·Çï³Ï³Ý Ýí³×áõÙÝ»ñ.
ùÇ í³ñÅí»É. I’m not ~ed to late meal ºë academic ~s áõëáõÙÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³çáÕáõÃÛáõÝ-
ëáíáñ ã»Ù áõß »ñ»ÏáÛ³Ý áõï»É. He has ~ed Ý»ñ. have/appraise/belittle the ~ s Ýí³×áõÙÝ»ñ
himself to sleep in a cold room ܳ í³ñÅí»É ¿ áõݻݳÉ. ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É/Ýë»Ù³óÝ»É Ýí³×áõÙ-
óáõñï ë»ÝÛ³ÏáõÙ ùÝ»É: Ý»ñÁ:
accustomed [ə΄kΛstəmd] a í³ñÅí³Í, ëá- Achilles [ə΄kili:z] n ²ùÇÉÉ»ë. A~‘s heel ²ùÇÉ-
íáñ. be/get/grow ~ to í³ñÅí»É. His eyes were É»ëÛ³Ý ·³ñß³å³ñ:
soon ~ed to the darkness Þáõïáí Ýñ³ ³ãù»ñÁ achromatic [‚ækrəu΄mætik] a ³Ý·áõÛÝ,
í³ñÅí»óÇÝ ÙÃáõÃÛ³ÝÁ. (ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý) his ~ ³ËñáÙ³ïÇÏ£
seat Ýñ³ ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý ï»ÕÁ: acid [΄æsid] n ùÇÙ. ÃÃíáõï. nitric ~ μáñ³Ï³-
ace [eis] n Ùdzínñ. ÃÕÃË. Ù»ÏÝáó. the ~ of ÃÃáõ£
spades ³·é³íÇ Ù»ÏÝáó. ³é³çݳϳñ· acid [΄æsid] a ÃÃáõ. ù³ó³Ë³ÛÇÝ. ùÇÙ. ÃÃíáõ-
û¹³ãáõ/í³ñáñ¹/Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ He is an ~ ܳ Çñ ï³ÛÇÝ. ÷Ëμ. ÏÍáõ, ˳ÛÃáÕ. ~ tone ÏÍáõ
·áñÍÇ í³ñå»ï ¿. within an ~ of Ù³½ Ùݳ- ïáÝ. ~ remarks ÏÍáõ ¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ùÇÙ. ~
ó³Í, Ù³½³åáõñÍ ÉÇÝ»É. ³Ù. test ÃÃí³ÛÇÝ ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙ. ËëÏó. ÃÙñ³-
ѳٳÉë³ñ³ÝáõÙ ·»ñ³½³Ýó ·Ý³Ñ³- ÝÛáõÃ. ~ head ÃÙñ³ÙáÉ. ~ trip ÃÙñ³ÙáÉÇ
ï³Ï³Ý, áñ¨¿ μ³Ý ·»ñ³½³Ýó ϳï³ñ»É. óÝáñù. ~ rain ùÇÙ. íݳë³Ï³ñ ÝÛáõûñ å³-
»ñÇï. ëÉ. Ñá۳ϳå, ÑdzݳÉÇ, ý³Ý- ñáõݳÏáÕ ³ÝÓñ¨. ~ proof ÃÃí³Ï³ÛáõÝ:
ï³ëïÇÏ: acidify [ə΄sidifai] v ûùëǹ³Ý³É, ûùëǹ³ó-
acerbity [ə΄sə:bəti] n ëñáõÃÛáõÝ, ÏÍíáõÃÛáõÝ Ý»É:
(ËáëùÇ, í³ñù³·ÍÇ, ïáÝÇ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ): acidity [ə΄sidəti] n ÃÃíáõÃÛáõÝ, ÃÃí³ÛÝáõ-
acetate [΄æsəteit] n ùÇÙ. ³ó»ï³ï. ~ silk ÃÛáõÝ:
³ñÑ»ëï³Ï³Ý/³ó»ï³ï³ÛÇÝ Ù»ï³ùë: ACK [ək΄nɒlidзmənt] ÑÙÏñ·. ѳßíáճϳÝ
acetic [ə΄si:tik] a ùÇÙ. ù³ó³ËÇ, ù³ó³- ï»ËÝÇϳÛÇ ³ëáódzódz/ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
˳ÛÇÝ. ~ acid ù³ó³Ë³ÃÃáõ: acknowledge [ək΄nɒlidз] v ׳ݳã»É, ÁÝ-
acetous [΄æsitəs] a ù³ó³Ë³ÛÇÝ, ÃÃáõ: ¹áõÝ»É. ~ one’s mistake/guilt/defeat ë˳ÉÁ/
acetylene [ə΄setəli:n] n ùÇÙ. ³ó»ïÇÉ»Ý: Ù»ÕùÁ/å³ñïáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÁݹáõÝ»É. The granny
ache [eik] n ó³í. I’m all ~s and pains ²Ù»Ý ~d him as his heir ä³åÇÏÁ Ýñ³Ý Çñ ųé³Ý-
ÇÝãë ó³íáõÙ ¿: ·Á ׳ݳã»ó. (»ñ³Ëï³å³ñï ÉÇÝ»É) ~
ache [eik] v ó³í»É. My head/tooth/ear/heart ~s smb’s kindness/service μ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý/ͳé³Ûáõ-
¶ÉáõËë/²ï³Ùë/êÇñïë/²Ï³Ýçë ó³íáõÙ ¿ ÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ßÝáñÑ³Ï³É ÉÇÝ»É. (ëï³óáõÙÁ
÷Ëμ. ó³í»É Ù»ÏÇ/ÇÝã-áñ μ³ÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. My ѳëï³ï»É) ~ a letter ѳëï³ï»É ݳٳÏÇ
heart ~s for her êÇñïë ó³íáõÙ ¿ Ýñ³ ѳٳñ. ëï³óáõÙÁ. Now they don’t even ~ us ÐÇÙ³
~ for ÷³÷³·»É. ³ÝѳÙμ»ñ ëå³ë»É. I’m ~ Ýñ³Ýù Ù»½ ã»Ý ¿É áõ½áõ٠׳ݳã»É. ~d ׳-
ing for my holidays ²ÝѳÙμ»ñ ³ñÓ³Ïáõñ¹Ç ݳãí³Í:
»Ù ëå³ëáõÙ: acknowledgement [ək΄nɒlidзmənt] n ׳-
acheless [΄eikləs] a ³Ýó³í: ݳãáõÙ, ÁݹáõÝáõÙ. in ~ of your help Ç Ýß³Ý
achievable [ə΄t∫i:vəbl] a ѳë³Ý»ÉÇ, Ýí³- Ó»ñ û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ×³Ý³ãÙ³Ý. (ѳëï³ïáõÙ)
×»ÉÇ: I have had no ~ of my letter Æ٠ݳٳÏÇ ëï³-
achieve [ə΄t∫i:v] v ѳëÝ»É, Ó»éù μ»ñ»É, Ýí³- óáõÙÁ ¹»é ãÇ Ñ³ëï³ïí»É. This is a small ~
×»É. ϳï³ñ»É, ³í³ñï»É. ~ one’s purpose, of your kindness ê³ »ñ³Ëï³·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇ
aim/success Ýå³ï³ÏÇÝ/ѳçáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ë- ÷áùñ ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ Ó»ñ μ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý
Ý»É. ~ recognition ׳ݳãáõÙ Ýí³×»É/·ïÝ»É. ÷á˳ñ»Ý:
acme 21 across

acme [΄ækmi] n μ³ñÓñ³·áõÛÝ Ï»ï, ·³·³Ã- new ideas Ýáñ ·³Õ³÷³ñÝ»ñÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ
ݳϻï. the ~ of his dreams Ýñ³ »ñ³½Ý»ñÇ ÁÝϳÉáõݳÏ. (߳ѳë»ñ) an ~ nature Ó»éù-
·³·³ÃݳϻïÁ: μ»ñÙ³Ý Ñ³ÏáõÙáí ûÅïí³Í. an ~ society ß³-
acne [΄ækni] n μßïÇÏ, å½áõÏ: ѳÙáÉ Ñ³ë³ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
acock [ə΄kɒk] adv ûù, ß»Õ: acquit [ə΄kwit] v Çñ³í. ³ñ¹³ñ³óÝ»É. He was
acorn [΄eikɔ:n] n ϳÕÇÝ: ~ed of the crime Üñ³ íñ³ÛÇó Ù»Õ³¹ñ³ÝùÁ
acoustic [ə΄ku:stik] a Ó³ÛݳϳÝ, Ó³Ûݳμ³- ѳݻóÇÝ, Üñ³Ý ³ÝÙ»Õ ×³Ý³ã»óÇÝ/³ñ¹³-
ݳϳÝ. ³ÏáõëïÇÏ. ϽÙË. ÉëáճϳÝ. ~ ñ³óñÇÝ. (Çñ»Ý å³Ñ»É, í³ñí»É) ~ oneself
guitar ѳë³ñ³Ï/áã ¿É»ÏïñáݳÛÇÝ ÏÇóé: like a hero Çñ»Ý Ñ»ñáëÇ ÝÙ³Ý å³Ñ»É. ~ well
acoustics [ə΄ku:stiks] n pl ³ÏáõëïÇϳ. The in the interview ѳñó³½ñáõÛóÇ ÁÝóóùáõÙ
~ of this hall are excellent ²Ûë ¹³ÑÉÇ×Ç ³Ïáõë- ɳí ïå³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ ·áñÍ»É:
ïÇÏ³Ý ÑáÛ³Ï³å ¿: acquittal [ə΄kwitl] n Çñ³í. ³ñ¹³ñ³óáõÙ. a
acquaint [ə΄kweint] v ͳÝáóóÝ»É, ï»Õ»- sentence of ~ ³ñ¹³ñ³óÙ³Ý ¹³ï³í×Çé:
ϳóÝ»É. ~ oneself with ͳÝáóݳÉ. ~ with acquittance [ə΄kwitəns] n ³½³ïáõÙ
the details Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ»ñÇÝ Í³ÝáóóÝ»É. å³ñïùÇó/å³ñï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó:
be ~ed with ͳÝáà ÉÇÝ»É. We are already acre [΄eikə] n ³Ïñ (ÑáÕ³ÛÇÝ ã³÷Ù³Ý Ùdz-
slightly ~ed Ø»Ýù ³ñ¹»Ý ûè³ÏÇ Í³Ýáà íáñ):
»Ýù: acreage [΄eikəridз] n ÑáÕÇ Ù³Ï»ñ»ëÁ ³Ïñ»-
acquaintance [ə΄kweintəns] n ͳÝáÃáõ- ñáí. What is the ~ of this park ø³ÝDZ ³Ïñ ¿
ÃÛáõÝ. old/new/chance ~ ÑÇÝ/Ýáñ/å³ï³Ñ³- ½μ³Õ»óÝáõÙ ³Ûë ½μáë³Û·ÇÝ£
Ï³Ý Í³ÝáÃáõÃÛáõÝ. a wide circle of ~s ͳ- acrid [΄ækrid] a ëáõñ, ÏÍáõ, ÏÍáÕ. the ~ smell
ÝáÃáõÃÛ³Ý É³ÛÝ ßñç³Ý³Ï. an ~ of mine ÇÙ of ÏÍáõ/ëáõñ Ñáï. ÷Ëμ. ÏÍáõ, ÃáõÝáï
(ÙÇ) ͳÝáÃÁ. nodding ~ ûè ͳÝáÃáõÃÛáõÝ. (í³ñù³·ÇÍ, μ³é»ñ):
speaking ~ ÙáïÇÏ Í³ÝáÃáõÃÛáõÝ. make ~ with acridity [æ΄kridəti] n ÏÍíáõÃÛáõÝ. ëñáõÃÛáõÝ,
ͳÝáóݳÉ. drop an ~ ¹³¹³ñ»óÝ»É Í³Ýá- ÃáõÝáïáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÃáõÃÛáõÝÁ. I’m happy to make your ~ àõñ³Ë acrimonious [‚ækri΄məuniəs] a ÃáõÝáï,
»Ù ͳÝáÃ³Ý³É Ó»½ Ñ»ï: Ù³ÕÓáï:
acquiesce [‚ækwi΄es] v Éáõé ѳٳӳÛÝí»l. acrimony [΄ækriməni] n Ù³ÕÓáïáõÃÛáõÝ,
½Çç»É. ~ in ÁݹáõÝí»É, ѳٳӳÛÝí»É, Ñݳ- ÃáõÝáïáõÃÛáõÝ (μݳíáñáõÃÛ³Ý, í³ñù³·ÍÇ,
½³Ý¹í»É. He reluctantly ~d in the matter ܳ É»½íÇ):
¹ÅϳÙáñ»Ý ѳٳӳÛÝí»ó ³Û¹ ·áñÍÇÝ: acrobacy [΄ækrəbəsi] n û¹³·Ý³óáõÃÛ³Ý
acquiescence [‚ækwi΄esns] n Éáõé/³Ý³Õ- μ³ñÓñ³·áõÛÝ í³ñå»ïáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÙáõÏ Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ: acrobat [΄ækrəbæt] n ³Ïñáμ³ï:
acquiescent [‚ækwi΄esnt] a Ñݳ½³Ý¹: acrobatic [‚ækrə΄bætik] a ³Ïñáμ³ï³Ï³Ý.
acquire [ə΄kwaiə] v Ó»éù μ»ñ»É, ëï³Ý³É. ~ ~ feat ³Ïñáμ³ï³Ï³Ý ѳٳñ:
a habit/friends/property ëáíáñáõÛÃ/ÁÝÏ»ñ- acrobatics [‚ækrə΄bætiks] n ³Ïñáμ³ïÇϳ.
Ý»ñ/ë»÷³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ Ó»éù μ»ñ»É. She ~d aerial ~ Ó¨³íáñ ÃéÇãùÝ»ñ:
her English in London ܳ ³Ý·É»ñ»Ý ëáíáñ»ó acropolis [ə΄krɒpəlis] n ÙÇçݳμ»ñ¹:
ÈáݹáÝáõÙ. The word has ~d a new meaning across [ə΄krɒs] prep íñ³Ûáí, ÙÇçáí, ÙÇ ÏáÕ-
´³éÁ Ýáñ ÇÙ³ï ¿ Ó»éù μ»ñ»É. He has ~d a ÙÇó ÙÛáõëÁ. ~ the street ÷áÕáóÇ ÙÛáõë ÏáÕ-
new grandchild ܳ Ýáñ Ãáé ¿ áõÝ»ó»É. ~d taste ÙÁ/ÏáÕÙáõÙ ~ the lake É×Ç ÙÛáõë ³÷Á/³÷ÇÝ.
Ó»éù μ»ñáíÇ ×³ß³Ï: a bridge ~ the river ϳÙáõñç ·»ïÇ íñ³Ûáí.
acquirement [ə΄kwaiəmənt] n Ó»éùμ»ñáõÙ. fly ~ France üñ³ÝëdzÛÇ íñ³Ûáí Ãéã»É. from
~ of knowledge ·Çï»ÉÇùÇ Ó»éùμ»ñáõÙ. ~ of ~ the sea ÍáíÇ ÙÛáõë ³÷Çó. ~ agreement ѳÙ-
language É»½íÇÝ ïÇñ³å»ï»ÉÁ. a valuable ~ ³å³ñ÷³Ï ѳٳӳÛݳ·Çñ. ~ the board
³ñÅ»ù³íáñ Ó»éùμ»ñáõÙ: ë³ÑÙ³ÝÇó ³ÛÝ ÏáÕÙ. ë³ÑÙ³ÝÇ íñ³Ûáí:
acquisition [‚ækwi΄zi∫n] n Ó»éùμ»ñáõÙ. ~ of across [ə΄krɒs] adv ɳÛÝùáí, ɳÛݳÏÇ. a line
language É»½íÇÝ ïÇñ³å»ï»ÉÁ: drawn ~ ɳÛÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ ·Íí³Í ·ÇÍ. (¹ÇÙ³ó)
acquisitive [ə΄kwizətiv] a ÁÝϳÉáõݳÏ. ~ of He lives just ~ from us ܳ Ñ»Ýó Ù»ñ ¹ÇÙ³ó ¿
acrostic 22 active

³åñáõÙ. He came ~ to speak to me ܳ ï³ñ. the ~ manager ïÝûñ»ÝÇ å³ßïáݳϳ-


Ùáï»ó³í, áñ ËáëÇ ÇÝÓ Ñ»ï. drive ~ the ï³ñ. ~ in charge ѳÝÓݳñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ. ~
frontier ë³ÑÙ³ÝÁ/ë³ÑÙ³ÝÇ íñ³Ûáí ³ÝóÝ»É. copy ¹»ñ³ë³ÝÇ ¹»ñÇ ûñÇݳÏÁ (·ñí³Í):
He sat down ~ the desk from me ܳ Ýëï»ó action [΄æk∫n] n ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. quick/de-
ë»Õ³ÝÇ Ùáï ÇÙ ¹ÇÙ³ó. He is already ~ ܳ cisive/united, joint ~ ³ñ³·/í×é³Ï³Ý, áñá-
³ñ¹»Ý ÙÛáõë ÏáÕÙáõÙ ¿. with arms ~ Ó»éù»ñÁ ß³ÏÇ/Ùdzï»Õ ѳٳï»Õ ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. a
˳ã³Í. The two lines pass ~ ºñÏáõ ·Í»ñÁ man of ~ ·áñÍÇ Ù³ñ¹. take ~ ëÏë»É ·áñÍ»É.
˳ã³Ó¨íáõÙ »Ý: take ~s ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ Ó»éù ³éÝ»É. bring/call into
acrostic [ə΄krɒstik] n ³ÏñáëïÇùáë: ~ ·áñÍÇ ¹Ý»É. put/set in ~ ·áñÍÇ ¹Ý»É.
acrylic [ə΄krilik] n ~ fibre ³ÏñÇÉ/ëÇÝûïÇÏ (³ñ³ñù, í³ñÙáõÝù) noble/mean ~ ³½ÝÇí/
Ù³Ýñ³Ã»É: ëïáñ ³ñ³ñù. a piece of the ~ ˳ñ¹³Ëáõ-
act [ækt] n ·áñÍ. To torture animals is a cruel ~ ÃÛ³Ý μ³Åݻٳë. ËëÏó. ѳÝó³íáñ ·áñÍáõ-
λݹ³ÝÇÝ»ñÇÝ ï³Ýç»ÉÁ ¹³Å³Ý ·áñÍáÕáõ- Ý»áõÃÛáõÝ. (in a novel) The ~ takes place (í»-
ÃÛáõÝ ¿. brave/heroic/noble ~ ù³ç/Ñ»ñáë³- åáõÙ) ¶áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ ï»ÕÇ ¿ áõÝ»ÝáõÙ. the
ϳÝ/³½ÝÇí í³ñÙáõÝù. an ~ of God μÝ³Ï³Ý ~ is swift/slow moving ¶áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ ³-
³ñѳíÇñù. catch smb in the ~ Ù»ÏÇÝ Ñ³Ý- ñ³·/¹³Ý¹³Õ ¿ ÁÝóÝáõÙ. Çñ³í. ¹³ï³-
ó³ÝùÇ å³ÑÇÝ μéÝ»É. criminal ~ ѳÝó³·áñ- Ï³Ý ·áñÍ. bring an ~ against Ù»ÏÇ ¹»Ù ѳÛó
ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. Çñ³í. áñáßáõÙ, Ññ³Ù³Ý³·Çñ. ~ ѳñáõó»É. dismiss an ~ ѳÛóÁ Ù»ñÅ»É. ~ for
of grace Ý»ñáõÙ, ³ÙÝÇëïdz. an ~ of parlia- damages íݳë³Ñ³ïáõóÙ³Ý Ñ³Ûó. judge
ment å³éɳٻÝïÇ áñáßáõÙ. an ~ of war å³- people by their ~s Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó Ù³ëÇÝ ¹³ï»É
ï»ñ³½Ù³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. An ~ is pass- Áëï Ýñ³Ýó ·áñÍ»ñÇ. suit the ~ to the word
ed àñáßáõÙ ÁݹáõÝí»ó. An ~ comes into Ëáëù»ñÁ ·áñÍ»ñáí ³å³óáõó»É. (·áñÍá-
force/effect àñáßáõÙÁ áõÅÇ Ù»ç ¿ ÙïÝáõÙ. ÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ß˳ï³Ýù) the ~ of the heart
óïñ. ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝ a five ~ play ÑÇÝ· ëñïÇ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ. the ~ of bowels ³ÕÇù-
·áñÍáÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ åÇ»ë. It’s just an ~ ê³ å³ñ- Ý»ñÇ ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛáõÝÁ. mental/physical ~
½³å»ë Ë³Õ ¿: Ùï³íáñ/ýǽÇÏ³Ï³Ý ³ß˳ï³Ýù. be in ~
act [ækt] v ·áñÍ»É. ~ decisively í×é³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý ³ß˳ï»É/·áñÍ»É. be out of ~ ã³ß˳ï»É.
·áñÍ»É. ~ on one’s own ÇÝùÝáõñáõÛÝ ·áñÍ»É. The telephone is out of ~ лé³ËáëÁ ãÇ ³ß-
~ at once/immediately ³ÝÙÇç³å»ë. ~ at once/ ˳ïáõÙ/·áñÍáõÙ. put out of ~ ß³ñùÇó ¹áõñë
immediately ³ÝÙÇç³å»·áñÍ»É. ~ on orders μ»ñ»É. take strike ~ ·áñͳ¹áõÉ ³Ý»É. (³½¹»-
Ññ³Ù³Ýáí ·áñÍ»É. (í³ñí»É) ~ wisely/ reck- óáõÃÛáõÝ) ~ of light/medicine/drugs ÉáõÛëÇ/¹»-
lessly/rashly/right/foolishly ˻ɳóÇ/³ÝËáÑ»Ù/ Õ»ñÇ/ÃÙñ³¹»ÕÇ ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝÁ. é½Ù.
×Çßï/ÑÇÙ³ñ Ó¨áí í³ñí»É. ~ one’s age Çñ Ù³ñï bring into ~ Ù³ñïÇ Ù»ç ÙïóÝ»É. come
ï³ñÇùÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý å³Ñ»É. (·áñ- out of ~ Ù³ñïÇó/ß³ñùÇó ¹áõñë ·³É. be
Í»É, Ý»ñ·áñÍ»É) ~ as å³ßïáÝÁ ϳï³ñ»É. ~ killed in ~ Ù³ñïáõÙ ½áÑí»É. military ~s
for/on behalf of Ù»ÏÇ ³ÝáõÝÇó ·áñÍ»É. The é³½Ù³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. He has seen
medicine has ~ed ¸»ÕÁ Ý»ñ·áñÍ»ó. ~ as a ~ ܳ »Õ»É ¿ 鳽ٳ׳ϳïáõÙ. Çñ³í.
director/guide/instructor/an interpreter ·áñÍ»É Ñ³Ûó, ¹³ï³Ï³Ý ·áñÍ. legal/court~ ûñÇ-
áñå»ë ïÝûñ»Ý/·Ç¹/áõëáõóÇã/óñ·Ù³ÝÇã ݳϳÝ/¹³ï³Ï³Ý ·áñÍ. bring/take an ~
óïñ. ˳ճÉ/(¹»ñÁ) ϳï³ñ»É. ~ a part ¹»- against smb ·áñÍ/ѳÛó ѳñáõó»É áñ¨¿ Ù»ÏÇ
ñÁ ϳï³ñ»É. He ~ed Othello/part of Othello ¹»Ù. divorce ~ ³å³Ñ³ñ½³ÝÇ ·áñÍ ~
ܳ úûÉÉáÛÇ ¹»ñÁ ϳï³ñ»ó. She has always painting í»ñ³ó³Ï³Ý ·»Õ³ÝϳñãáõÃÛ³Ý
wanted to ~ ܳ ÙÇßï áõ½áõÙ ¿ñ ¹»ñ³ë³Ýáõ- ¹åñáó:
ÑÇ ¹³éݳÉ. Don’t ~ fool/ass/idiot ø»½ ÑÇÙ³ñ activate [΄æktiveit] v ùÇÙ., Ï»Ýë. ³ÏïÇí³ó-
Ó¨áí ÙÇ å³ÑÇñ: Ý»É, é³¹Çá³ÏïÇí ¹³ñÓÝ»É:
acting [΄æktiŋ] n óïñ. ˳Õ. superb/subtle/ active [΄æktiv] a ·áñÍáõÝÛ³, »é³Ý¹áõÝ. an ~
excellent/poor ~ Ññ³ß³ÉÇ/Ýáõñμ/·»ñ³½³Ýó/ politician ·áñÍáõÝÛ³ ù³Õ³ù³·»ï. ~ child
í³ï ˳Õ: ³ßËáõÛÅ »ñ»Ë³. ~ volcano ·áñÍáÕ Ññ³-
acting [΄æktiŋ] a ·áñÍáÕ, å³ßïáݳϳ- μáõË. an ~ law ·áñÍáÕ ûñ»Ýù. é½Ù. be on ~
activit/y 23 add

service ½ÇÝͳé³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É, ÉÇÝ»É actuation [‚æktju΄ei∫n] n ¹ñ¹áõÙ, ËóÝáõÙ:


·áñÍáÕ μ³Ý³ÏáõÙ. ~ forces Ùßï³Ï³Ý ·áñ- acuity [ə΄kju:əti] n ëñáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÍáÕ μ³Ý³Ï. ù»ñ. ~ voice Ý»ñ·áñÍ³Ï³Ý acumen [ə΄kjumən] n Ëáñ³Ã³÷³Ýóáõ-
ë»é: ÃÛáõÝ, ÙïùÇ ëñáõÃÛáõÝ:
activit/y [æk΄tivəti] n ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛáõÝ. social/ acuminate [ə΄kju:minət] v ëñ»É, ëñí»É, ëáõñ
economic ~ ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý/ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ¹³éݳÉ:
·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛáõÝ. restrict/encourage smb’s ~ acute [ə΄kju:t] a ëáõñ, áõÅ»Õ. ~ hearing ëáõñ
ë³ÑÙݳ÷³Ï»É/Ëñ³Ëáõë»É ·áñÍáõÝ»áõ- ÉëáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ accent áõÅ»Õ ß»ßï. an ~ obser-
ÃÛáõÝÁ. (³ß˳ï³Ýù) out-of-school ~ies ³ñ- ver Ýñμ³ÝÏ³ï ¹Çïáñ¹. ~ angle ëáõñ ³ÝÏ-
ï³¹³ë³ñ³Ý³Ï³Ý ³ß˳ï³Ýù. extra- ÛáõÝ. (ͳÏáÕ) ~ shrill ͳÏáÕ ×Çã. ~ mind
curricular ~ies ³ñï³Éë³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍáõ- ëáõñ/Ëáñ³Ã³÷³Ýó ÙÇïù. ~ pain ëáõñ ó³í.
Ý»áõÃÛáõÝ. voluntary ~ ϳٳíáñ ·áñÍáõ- ~ illness Éáõñç/ͳÝñ ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝ. The
Ý»áõÃÛáõÝ. His ~ies were much criticized Üñ³ situation is becoming ~ Æñ³íÇ׳ÏÁ ëñíáõÙ ¿:
³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ ËÇëï ùÝݳ¹³ïí»ó: acuteness [ə΄kju:tnəs] n ëñáõÃÛáõÝ, Ëáñ³-
actor [΄æktə] n ¹»ñ³ë³Ý. great/well-known/ ó÷³ÝóáõÃÛáõÝ:
famous/favourite ~ Ù»Í/ѳÝñ³Ñ³Ûï/Ñéã³- AD [ei΄di:] Ù»ñ Ãí³ñÏáõÃÛ³Ý/îÇñáç ï³ñÇÝ£
ϳíáñ/ëÇñ»ÉÇ ¹»ñ³ë³Ý. a natural-born ~ ad [æd] ï»°ë advertisement£
μݳÍÇÝ ¹»ñ³ë³Ý. amateur ~ ëÇñáÕ adage [΄ædidз] n ³ëáõÛÃ, ³ë³óí³Íù:
¹»ñ³ë³Ý: Adam [΄ædəm] n ²¹³Ù. A~‘s apple ³¹³-
actor-proof [΄æktə-pru:f] óïñ. åÇ»ë, Ù³ËÝÓáñ:
áñÇÝ ÝáõÛÝÇëÏ í³ï ¹»ñ³ë³ÝÁ íݳë ãÇ adamant [΄ædəmənt] 1. n ³¹³Ù³Ý¹. 2. a
ϳñáÕ Ñ³ëóÝ»É: ³Ùáõñ, ³Ý¹ñ¹í»ÉÇ, ³ÝÑáÕ¹áÕ¹. He was ~
actress [΄æktrəs] n ¹»ñ³ë³ÝáõÑÇ. film/movie ܳ ³ÝÏáïñáõÙ ¿ñ:
~ ÏÇÝá¹»ñ³ë³ÝáõÑÇ: adamantine [‚ædə΄mæntain] a ³Ùáõñ.
actual [΄ækt∫uəl] a Çñ³Ï³Ý, ÇëϳϳÝ, ÷³ë- ³Ý˳Ëï»ÉÇ. ³ÝÏáïñáõÙ. ³¹³Ù³Ý¹Û³:
ï³óÇ. ~ reason ÇëÏ³Ï³Ý å³ï׳éÁ. in ~ adapt [ə΄dæpt] v ѳñÙ³ñ»óÝ»É. ~ oneself ѳñ-
life Çñ³Ï³Ý ÏÛ³ÝùáõÙ. in ~ fact ÷³ëïáñ»Ý. Ù³ñí»É. ~ oneself to one’s environment ÙÇç³-
the ~ cost ÇëÏ³Ï³Ý ³ñÅ»ùÁ. ÇÝùݳñÅ»ù. ~ í³ÛñÇÝ Ñ³ñÙ³ñí»É. (÷á÷áË»É, í»ñ³Ùß³-
loss Çñ³Ï³Ý Ïáñáõëï. ~ possession ÷³ë- Ï»É) ~ a text ï»ùëïÁ í»ñ³Ù߳ϻÉ. ~ a short
ï³óÇ ïÇñ³å»ïáõÙ. ~ value Çñ³Ï³Ý story for television å³ïÙí³ÍùÇ Ñ»éáõëï³-
³ñÅ»ù. What were his ~ words? ƱÝã μ³é»ñ μ»Ù³Ï³Ý³óáõÙ. ~ the story for children í»ñ³-
ݳ û·ï³·áñÍ»ó Çñ³Ï³ÝáõÙ. Let’s take an ~ Ùß³Ï»É å³ïÙí³ÍùÁ »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ:
case ºÏ»ù ùÝݳñÏ»Ýù Çñ³Ï³Ý ¹»åù. the ~ adaptability [ə‚dæptə΄biləti] n ѳñÙ³-
amount of money ¹ñ³ÙÇ ëïáõÛ· ù³Ý³ÏÁ. ñáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÑÙÏñ·. ~ address ϳï³ñáÕ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ëó». ~ adaptation [‚ædæp΄tei∫n] n ѳñÙ³ñ»óáõÙ,
argument/parameter ÷³ëï³óÇ å³ñ³Ù»ïñ. í»ñ³Ùß³ÏáõÙ. ³¹³åï³ódz. an ~ of a no-
~ storage ýǽÇÏ³Ï³Ý ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝ: vel for the stage í»åÇ μ»Ù³Ï³Ý³óáõÙ:
actualit/y [‚ækt∫u΄æləti] n Çñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, adapter [ə΄dæptə] n ͳÛñ³å³Ý³Ï. Ó³Ûݳ-
³ñ¹Ç³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ies Çñ³Ï³Ý å³ÛÙ³Ý- ѳÝ:
Ý»ñ, ѳݷ³Ù³ÝùÝ»ñ£ add [æd] v Ù³Ã. ·áõÙ³ñ»É. ~ 2 and 7 »ñÏáõ-
actualize [΄ækt∫uəlaiz] v Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É. ëÇÝ Ûáà ·áõÙ³ñ»É. ~ sugar to tea ûÛÇÝ ß³-
Çñ³½»Ïáñ»Ý å³ïÏ»ñ³óÝ»É. ù³ñ ³í»É³óÝ»É. ~ a few lines/words ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ
actually [΄ækt∫uəli] adv Çñ³Ï³ÝáõÙ, ÷³ë- ïáÕ/μ³é ³í»É³óÝ»É. He ~ed quickly/firmly
ïáñ»Ý. Çëϳå»ë. He ~ expected me to do it ³ ܳ ³ñ³·/ѳëï³ï³Ï³Ù ³í»É³óñ»ó.
Çëϳå»ë ëå³ëáõÙ ¿ñ, áñ »ë ¹³ ϳݻÙ. ~ have nothing to ~ ³í»É³óÝ»Éáõ áãÇÝã ãáõ-
I don’t like him ÖÇßïÝ ³ë³Í, ݳ ÇÝÓ ¹áõñ ݻݳÉ. This ~s to our difficulties ê³ Ù»-
ãÇ ·³ÉÇë: ͳóÝáõÙ ¿ Ù»ñ ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ. ~ to one’s
actuate [΄æktjueit] v ËóݻÉ. ëïÇå»É ·áñ- experience ѳñëï³óÝ»É Ï»Ýë³÷áñÓÁ. It just
Í»É: doesn’t ~ up àã ÙÇ ÇÙ³ëï ã»Ù ï»ëÝáõÙ.
addenda 24 adherent

ÑÙÏñ·. ~-in memory Éñ³óáõóÇã ÑÇßá- ÃÛáõÝ Ï³ñ¹³ó å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝÇó/ïÝï»ë³-


ÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ~- on ÁݹɳÛÝáõÙ: ·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝÇó:
addenda [ə΄dendə] pl. ï»°ë addendum: addressable [ə΄dresəbl] a Ù³ïã»ÉÇ Ñ³ëó»
addendum [ə΄dendəm] n (pl addenda) ѳ- áõÝ»óáÕ (ѳßíÇã Ù»ù»Ý³Ý»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ)£
í»Éí³Í, Éñ³óáõÙ: addressee [‚ædre΄si:] n ѳëó»³ï»ñ. ÑÙÏñ·.
adder [΄ædə] n ϻݹ. Ãáõݳíáñ ûÓ, ÇÅ. flying ÇÝýáñÙ³ódz ÁݹáõÝáÕÁ:
~ ³Ù. Éáñïáõ: adduce [ə΄dju:s] v μ»ñ»É (ûñÇݳÏ, ³å³-
addict [΄ædikt] n ÙáÉ, ÙáÉÇ. drug ~ ÃÙñ³ÙáÉ. óáõÛó) ~ examples ûñÇÝ³Ï μ»ñ»É. ~ reasons/
coffee ~ ëñ׳ÙáÉ. be a TV ~ ³ÙμáÕç ûñ»ñáí proofs å³ï׳éÝ»ñ/³å³óáõÛóÝ»ñ Ý»ñϳ-
Ñ»éáõëï³óáõÛó ¹Çï»É: Û³óÝ»É:
addict [ə΄dikt] v ³ÝÓݳïáõñ ÉÇÝ»É, ïñí»É. adenoids [΄ædinɔids] n ·»ÕÓ»ñ, ÝßÇÏÝ»ñ
be ~ed to ³ÝÓݳïáõñ ÉÇÝ»É (áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ). be (·É³Ý¹Ý»ñ). have one’s ~ out ÝßÇÏÝ»ñÁ Ñ»-
~ed to smoking/football ï³ñí»É ÍË»Éáí/ é³óÝ»É. She’s got ~ Üñ³ ÝßÇÏÝ»ñÁ μáñ-
ýáõïμáÉáí: μáùí³Í »Ý:
addiction [ə΄dik∫n] n ѳÏáõÙ, ëáíáñáõÛÃ. adept [ə΄dept] a ÷áñÓ³éáõ, ÑÙáõï. an ~
drug ~ ÃÙñ³ÙáÉáõÃÛáõÝ: dressmaker ÑÙáõï ¹»ñÓ³Ï:
addition [ə΄di∫n] n ³í»É³óáõÙ, ѳí»ÉáõÙ. an adept [΄ædept] n ·Çï³Ï. be an ~ in photo-
~ to the report ½»ÏáõóÙ³Ý Éñ³óáõÙ. in ~ (to) graphy ÝϳñãáõÃÛáõÝÇó ·Çï³Ï ÉÇÝ»É. be an
Ç Éñ³óáõÙ, Ç ÉñáõÙÝ. in ~ to what has been said ~ at chess áõÅ»Õ ß³ËÙ³ïÇëï ÉÇÝ»É:
Ç ÉñáõÙÝ ³ÛÝ μ³ÝÇ, ÇÝã ³ñ¹»Ý ³ëí»É ¿. He adequacy [΄ædikwəsi] n ѳٳå³ï³ë˳-
will be a useful ~ ܳ û·ï³Ï³ñ Ó»éùμ»ñáõÙ ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. doubt one’s ~ as ϳëϳÍÇ ï³Ï ³é-
ÏÉÇÝÇ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ record ³í»É³óíáÕ ·ñ³- Ý»É Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ë˳ݻÉÁ. social ~ ëáódz-
éáõÙ£ É³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ë˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
additional [ə΄di∫nəl] a Éñ³óáõóÇã. ~ informa- adequate [΄ædikwət] a μ³í³ñ³ñ. His wage
tion/data Éñ³óáõóÇã ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ/ is not ~ to supply a family Üñ³ ³ß˳ï³í³ñ-
ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ. ~ income ѳí»ÉÛ³É »Ï³Ùáõï. ÓÁ μ³í³ñ³ñ ã¿ ÁÝï³ÝÇù å³Ñ»Éáõ ѳٳñ.
There is no ~ charge гí»ÉÛ³É í׳ñáõÙ ãÇ (ѳٳå³ï³ë˳Ý) ~ supply/response/com-
å³Ñ³ÝçíáõÙ: pensation ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³-
additive [΄ædətiv] n ëÝݹ³ÙûñùÇ Ù»ç ñáõÙ/å³ï³ë˳Ý/ÏáÙå»Ýë³ódz. His beha-
û·ï³·áñÍíáÕ ùÇÙÇ³Ï³Ý ÝÛáõÃ: viour was not ~ Üñ³ í³ñù³·ÇÍÁ Çñ μ³ñÓ-
addle [΄ædl] a Ñáï³Í, ÷ã³ó³Í. ~d egg Ñá- ñáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³ ã¿ñ. get ~ response ѳٳå³-
ï³Í Óáõ. ÷Ëμ. ³ÝÙÇï, ˻ɳé: ï³ëË³Ý å³ï³ëË³Ý ëï³Ý³É. get ~ re-
addle-brained [΄ædlbreind] a ³ÝË»Éù: compence for the work ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ
addle-headed [΄ædlhedid] a ³ÝË»Éù: ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý í³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛáõÝ ëï³-
address [ə΄dres] n ѳëó». home/temporary/re- ݳÉ:
turn ~ ï³Ý/ųٳݳϳíáñ/ѻﳹ³ñÓ adhere [əd΄hiə] v ³Ùáõñ Ïåã»É, ϳéã»É. Glue
ѳëó». ~ for service Çñ³í³Ï³Ý ѳëó». is used to make sheets of paper/surfaces ~ ÂÕû-
move to a new ~ ï»Õ³÷áËí»É (ѳëó»Ý ÷á- ñÁ/سϻñ»ëÝ»ñÁ Çñ³ñ ÏåóÝ»Éáõ ѳٳñ
Ë»É). ~ book ѳëó»Ý»ñÇ ï»Õ»Ï³ïáõ. of no ëáëÇÝÓ ¿ û·ï³·áñÍíáõÙ. (ѳí³ï³ñÇÙ
fixed ~ ³é³Ýó áñáß³ÏÇ Ñ³ëó»Ç. (׳é, ¹Ç- ÙݳÉ) ~ to a (political) party áñ¨¿ Ïáõë³Ïóáõ-
ÙáõÙ) deliver an ~ ¹ÇÙáõÙáí ѳݹ»ë ·³É. ÃÛ³Ý ³Ý¹³Ù³·ñí»É/ѻ層É. ~ to one’s
forms of ~ ¹ÇÙ»Éáõ Ó¨»ñÁ: plan/a promise ѳí³ï³ñÇÙ ÙÝ³É Çñ Íñ³-
address [ə΄dres] v ѳëó»³·ñ»É, ¹ÇÙ»É (Ëáë- ·ñ»ñÇÝ/ËáëïÙ³ÝÁ. ~ to the rules ÙdzݳÉ
ùáí, ݳٳÏáí). ~ an envelope Íñ³ñÁ ѳë- ·áñÍáÕ å³Ûٳݳ·ñÇÝ:
ó»³·ñ»É. ~ the court ¹³ï³ñ³ÝÇÝ ¹ÇÙ»É. a adherence [əd΄hiərəns] n ѳí³ï³ñÙáõ-
note ~ed to »ñÏïáÕ áõÕÕí³Í. words ~ed to ÃÛáõÝ, ϳåí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ to a programme
Mrs. Brown ïÇÏÇÝ ´ñ³áõÝÇÝ áõÕÕí³Í μ³- ѳí³ï³ñÙáõÃÛáõÝ Íñ³·ñÇÝ:
é»ñ. I wasn’t ~ing you ºë Ò»½ ã¿Ç ¹ÇÙáõÙ. He adherent [əd΄hiərənt] n Ñ»ï¨áñ¹, ÏáÕÙݳ-
~ed us on history/economics ܳ ¹³ë³Ëáëáõ- ÏÇó, ѳٳËáÑ. His proposal is gaining many
adherent 25 ad-mass

~s ²é³ç³ñÏÁ ß³ï ÏáÕÙݳÏÇóÝ»ñ ¿ ß³ÑáõÙ: í×Çé ϳ۳óÝ»ÉÁ. ¹³ï³å³ñï»ÉÁ. ßÝáñ-


adherent [əd΄hiərənt] a ³Ùáõñ Ùdzó³Í, Ñ»ÉÁ (Ùñó³Ý³Ï ¨ ³ÛÉÝ):
ÏÇó. Ù³ÍáõóÇÏ, ÏåãáõÝ: adjudicate [ə΄dзu:dikeit] v Çñ³í. í×é»É,
adhesion [əd΄hi:зn] n ѳí³ï³ñÙáõÃÛáõÝ í×Çé ϳ۳óÝ»É. ~ a claim for damages íݳë-
give ~ to a plan å³ßïå³Ý»É/ë³ï³ñ»É Íñ³- Ý»ñÇ Ñ³ïáõóÙ³Ý áñáßáõ٠ϳ۳óÝ»É. ~
·ÇñÁ/åɳÝÁ. μÅßÏ. ÏåãáõÙ: bankrupt (¹³ï³ñ³Ýáí) ëݳÝÏ Ñ³Ûï³ñ³-
adhesive [əd΄hi:siv] a Ù³ÍáõóÇÏ, ÏåãáõÝ. ~ ñ»É. Who is adjudicating in this competition ?
plaster É»ÛÏáåɳëïÇñ ~ tape ëùáã, Ù³ÍáõóÇÏ à±í ¿ ¹³ïáõÙ ³Ûë ÙñóáõÛÃÁ£
ųå³í»Ý: adjudication [ə‚dзu:di΄kei∫n] n Çñ³í. ¹³-
adhesive [əd΄hi:siv] n Ù³ÍáõóÇÏ/ÏåãáõÝ ï³í×Çé:
ÝÛáõà (ûñÇݳÏ` ëáëÇÝÓ)£ adjudicator [ə΄dзu:dikeitə] n ÅÛáõñÇÇ
adieu [ə΄dju:] n Ññ³Å»ßï. take/make one’s ~ ³Ý¹³Ù. ~s ÅÛáõñÇ. (ùÝÝáõÃÛ³ÝÁ) ùÝÝáÕ:
Ññ³Å»ßï ï³É: adjunct [΄ædзΛŋkt] n û·Ý³Ï³Ý, ³¹ÛáõÝÏï.
ad infinitum (lat) [‚æd ‚infi΄naitəm] ÙÇÝã ù»ñ. Éñ³óáõÙ, ѳí»Éí³Í:
³Ýë³ÑÙ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: adjuration [‚ædзu΄rei∫n] n ó˳ÝÓ³Ýù,
adit [΄ædit] n Ùáõïù, ³Ýóù. Ùáï»óáõÙ, Ù»ñ- ³Õ³ã³Ýù:
Ó»óáõÙ: adjure [ə΄dзuə] v ó˳ÝÓ»É, Ëݹñ»É. I ~ you
adjacency [ə΄dзeisənsi] n ë³ÑٳݳÏóáõ- to tell the truth ÊݹñáõÙ/³˳ÝÓáõÙ »Ù,
ÃÛáõÝ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ matrix ÏÇó Ù³ïñÇó£ ³ë»ù ×ßÙ³ñïáõÃÛáõÝÁ:
adjacent [ə΄dзeisnt] a ÏÇó, ë³ÑٳݳÏÇó. ~ adjust [ə΄dзΛst] v ×ß·ñï»É, ϳñ·³íáñ»É
rooms ѳñ¨³Ý/ÏÇó ë»ÝÛ³ÏÝ»ñ. ~ buildings (ë³ñù»ñ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ). ~ one’s watch ųٳóáõÛóÁ
ÏÇó ϳéáõÛóÝ»ñ. ~ fields ë³ÑٳݳÏÇó ¹³ß- áõÕÕ»É. ~ one’s tie/costume/spectacles áõÕ-
ï»ñ: Õ»É/ѳñ¹³ñ»É ÷áÕϳåÁ/ÏáëïÛáõÙÁ/³Ï-
adjective [΄ædзiktiv] n ù»ñ. ³Í³Ï³Ý ÝáóÁ. (ѳñÙ³ñí»É) ~ oneself (to) (new
(³ÝáõÝ): conditions) (Ýáñ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇÝ) ѳñÙ³ñí»É.
adjective [΄ædзiktiv] a Éñ³óáõóÇã, ϳËÛ³É: He hasn’t ~ed himself ܳ ãÇ Ñ³ñÙ³ñí»É. well
adjoin [ə΄dзɔin] v Ùáï, ë³ÑٳݳÏÇó ÉÇÝ»É. ~ed ɳí ѳñÙ³ñíáÕ. ѳñÙáÝÇÏ:
The two houses ~ ºñÏáõ ß»Ýù»ñÁ ÙÇÙÛ³Ýó adjustable [ə΄dзΛstəbl] a ϳñ·³íáñ»ÉÇ. an
ÏÇó »Ý. The room ~s my study ê»ÝÛ³ÏÁ ÏÇó ¿ ~ spanner μ³óÇã, ½³ïÇã, ѳñÃÇã. (ß³ñų-
ÇÙ ³ß˳ï³ë»ÝÛ³ÏÇÝ: ϳÝ) ~ shelves ß³ñÅ³Ï³Ý ¹³ñ³ÏÝ»ñ:
adjourn [ə΄dзə:n] v Ñ»ï³Ó·»É, ï»Õ³÷á- adjuster [ə΄dзΛstə] n ë³ñù³íáñáÕ, Ýáñá-
Ë»É. ~ meeting/journey/return ÅáÕáíÁ/׳Ù- ·áÕ, ÙáÝïÛáñ:
÷áñ¹áõÃÛáõÝÁ/í»ñ³¹³ñÓÁ Ñ»ï³Ó·»É. adjusting [ə΄dзΛstiŋ] 1. a ï»Ë. ë³ñù³íá-
(ÁݹÙÇçáõ٠ѳÛï³ñ³ñ»É) The meeting was ñáÕ, ϳÝáݳíáñáÕ. 2. n ѳí³ùÙ³Ý ³ñ-
~ed for lunch ÄáÕáíáõ٠׳ßÇ ÁݹÙÇçáõÙ ï³¹ñ³Ù³ë:
ѳÛï³ñ³ñí»ó. The meeting/session ~ed Äá- adjustment [ə΄dзΛstmənt] n ѳñÙ³ñ»óáõÙ,
ÕáíÁ/ê»ëÇ³Ý ³í³ñïí»ó/÷³Ïí»ó. (ï»Õ³- ϳñ·³íáñáõÙ. ï»Ë. ѳí³ùáõÙ, ë³ñù³-
÷áËí»É) The guests ~ed to the drawing room íáñáõÙ. make the necessary ~s ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï
ÐÛáõñ»ñÁ ï»Õ³÷áËí»óÇÝ ÑÛáõñ³ë»ÝÛ³Ï: ϳñ·³íáñáõÙÝ»ñ ³Ý»É. é½Ù. Ý߳ݳéáõ-
adjournment [ə΄dзə:nmənt] n ÁݹѳïáõÙ, ÃÛ³Ý/Ïñ³ÏÇ áõÕÕáõÙ/×ßïáõÙ:
Ñ»ï³Ó·áõÙ. an ~ for a month Ù»Ï ³Ùëí³ adjutant [΄ædзutənt] n ѳÙѳñ½, ³¹Ûáõ-
Ñ»ï³Ó·áõÙ£ ï³Ýï:
adjudge [ə΄dзΛdз] v ¹³ï³í×Çé ϳ۳óÝ»É. ad lib [‚æd΄lib] (ɳï. ad libitum-Ç Ïñ×.) Áëï
~ smb guilty Ù»ÏÇÝ Ù»Õ³íáñ ׳ݳã»É. ~ that ó³ÝÏáõÃÛ³Ý, ÇÝãå»ë ϳٻݳë. speak ~
a man is insane ѳÛï³ñ³ñ»É, áñ Ù³ñ¹Á Ñá- óïñ. ѳÝå³ïñ³ëïÇó ëï»Õͳ·áñÍ»É:
·»Ï³Ý ÑÇí³Ý¹ ¿. (ßÝáñÑ»É) ~ a prize to smb ad-man [΄ædmæn] n ËëÏó. ·áí³½¹Ý»ñ
Ùñó³Ý³Ï ßÝáñÑ»É. ~ land and properties ÑáÕ Ï³½ÙáÕ Ù³ñ¹:
¨ ë»÷³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ßÝáñÑ»É: ad-mass [΄ædməs] n ¼ÈØ-Ý»ñÇó ³½¹»óáõ-
adjudg(e)ment [ə΄dзΛdзmənt] n ¹³ï³- ÃÛáõÝ ÏñáÕ Ù³ëë³/½³Ý·í³Í. (³ñí»ëïÇ
admeasure 26 admonish

Ù³ëÇÝ) ½³Ý·í³Í³ÛÇÝ ëå³éáÕÇÝ Ñ³ë- the view of the sea ÍáíÇ ï»ë³ñ³Ýáí/ï»ë-
ó»³·ñí³Í. ó³Íñáñ³Ï, ·é»ÑÇÏ: ùáí ÑdzݳÉ. ~ smn for his courage Ù»ÏÇ
admeasure [æd΄meзə] v ã³÷»É. ã³÷»Éáí ù³çáõÃÛ³Ùμ ÑdzݳÉ:
μ³Å³Ý»É: admirer [əd΄maiərə] n »ñÏñå³·áõ. å³ß-
admeasurement [æd΄meзəmənt] n ã³- ïáÕ:
÷áõÙ. ã³÷³μ³Å³ÝáõÙ: admiring [əd΄maiəriŋ] a Ñdzëù³Ýã, ëù³Ý-
administer [əd΄ministə] v ϳé³í³ñ»É, Õ»- ã»ÉÇ. ~ glance Ñdzëù³Ýã ѳ۳óù. an ~ crowd
ϳí³ñ»É. ~ a country »ñÏÇñ ϳé³í³ñ»É. ~ ÑdzóáÕ ³ÙμáË:
a ministry/department ݳ˳ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ/μ³- admissable [əd΄misəbl] a ÁݹáõÝ»ÉÇ, ÃáõÛ-
ÅÇÝ Õ»Ï³í³ñ»É. ~ a contract å³Ûٳݳ·ÇñÁ ɳïñ»ÉÇ, Ñݳñ³íáñ. It is ~ evidence ²ÛÝ Ï³-
ϳï³ñ»É. ~ a programme Íñ³·Çñ ջϳí³- ñ»ÉÇ ¿ ÁݹáõÝ»É áñå»ë óáõóÙáõÝù:
ñ»É. ~ a punishment å³ïÇÅ ÏÇñ³é»É. ~ jus- admission [əd΄mi∫ən] n Ùáõïù, ÁݹáõÝáõÙ.
tice ³ñ¹³ñ³¹³ïáõÃÛáõÝ ·áñÍ»É ~ to old ~s office Áݹáõݳñ³Ý. ~ desk ÁݹáõÝÙ³Ý
persons‘ needs ³ç³Ïó»É/ËÝ³Ù»É Í»ñ»ñÇÝ. ~ ë»Õ³Ý, ³¹ÙÇÝÇëïñ³ïáñ. ~ free/by ticket
an oath »ñ¹áõÙ ÁݹáõÝ»É: ÙáõïùÁ` ³½³ï/ïáÙë»ñáí. price of ~
administrate [əd΄ministreit] v ϳé³í³ñ»É, ÙáõïùÇ í³ñÓ. ~ fee ÙáõïùÇ í׳ñ. A~ to the
ջϳí³ñ»É: university is by examination гٳÉë³ñ³Ý
administration [əd‚minis΄trei∫n] n ϳé³- ÁݹáõÝíáõÙ »Ý ùÝÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ. Çñ³í. an ~ of
í³ñãáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ of a hotel/office/theatre ÑÛáõ- guilt/defeat Ù»ÕùÇ/å³ñïáõÃÛ³Ý ÁݹáõÝáõÙ.
ñ³ÝáóÇ/ÑÇÙݳñÏÇ/óïñáÝÇ Ï³é³í³ñãáõ- Admission day ïíÛ³É Ý³Ñ³Ý·Ç` ²ØÜ–Ç
ÃÛáõÝ. the ~ ϳé³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. the Bush ~ ϳ½ÙÇ Ù»ç ÁݹáõÝÙ³Ý ûñ (ïáÝ):
´áõßÇ Ï³é³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ. public ~ å»ï³- admissive [əd΄misiv] a Ù³ïã»ÉÇ:
Ï³Ý Ï³é³í³ñáõÙ. (·áñͳÍáõÙ, Çñ³Ï³Ý³- admit [əd΄mit] v Ý»ñë ÃáÕÝ»É. This ticket ~s
óáõÙ) ~ of medicine ¹»ÕÇ ·áñͳÍáõÙ. ~ of two ²Ûë ïáÙëÁ »ñÏáõ Ñá·áõ ѳٳñ ¿. Child-
justice ³ñ¹³ñ³¹³ïáõÃÛ³Ý Çñ³Ï³Ý³óáõÙ. ren are not ~ted ºñ»Ë³Ý»ñÇ ÙáõïùÝ ³ñ·»É-
í³Í ¿ The hall ~s 200 people ¸³ÑÉÇ×áõÙ
~ of law ûñ»ÝùÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óáõÙ:
(ÙdzÛÝ) 200 Ù³ñ¹ ¿ ï»Õ³íáñíáõÙ. (Áݹáõ-
administrative [əd΄ministrətiv] a í³ñ-
Ý»É) ~ to the university/into the school/into club
ã³Ï³Ý. (Çß˳ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇÝ) ·áñͳ¹Çñ.
ѳٳÉë³ñ³Ý/¹åñáó/³ÏáõÙμ ÁݹáõÝ»É.
~ center í³ñã³Ï³Ý Ï»ÝïñáÝ. ~ unit í³ñ-
(ÁݹáõÝ»É, ׳ݳã»É, ѳٳӳÛÝí»É) ~ reluc-
ã³Ï³Ý Ùdzíáñ. Çñ³í. ~ law í³ñã³Ï³Ý
tantly/readily ¹ÅϳÙáñ»Ý/å³ïñ³ëï³Ï³-
Çñ³íáõÝù:
ÙáõÃÛ³Ùμ ÁݹáõÝ»É. generally ~ted μáÉáñÇ
administrator [əd΄ministreitə] n ϳé³í³- ÏáÕÙÇó ÁݹáõÝí³Í, ѳÙÁݹѳÝáõñ ׳ݳ-
ñÇã, ³¹ÙÇÝÇëïñ³ïáñ. Çñ³í. ËݳٳϳÉ:
ãáõÙ ·ï³Í. ~ one’s claim å³Ñ³ÝçÝ Áݹáõ-
admirable [΄ædmərəbl] a ëù³Ýã»ÉÇ, Ñdz- Ý»É, å³Ñ³ÝçÇÝ Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝí»É. ~ interpre-
ݳÉÇ. ~ self-control ÑdzݳÉÇ ÇÝùݳïÇñ³-
tation Ù»Ïݳμ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ ÁݹáõÝ»É:
å»ïáõÙ. an ~ summary ѳçáÕ ³Ù÷á÷áõÙ:
admittance [əd΄mitns] n Ùáõïù. deny ~ Ý»ñë
admiral [΄ædmərəl] n Íáí³Ï³É, ³¹ÙÇñ³É. ãÃáÕÝ»É, ãÁݹáõÝ»É. No ~ ØáõïùÝ ³ñ·»É-
Admiral Nelson Íáí³Ï³É Ü»ÉëáÝÁ: íáõÙ ¿ No ~ except ØáõïùÁ ÙdzÛÝ ·áñÍáí:
admiralty [΄ædmərəlti] n Íáí³Ï³ÉáõÃÛáõÝ, admittedly [əd΄mitidli] adv ³ÝϳëϳÍ. He
Íáí³ÛÇÝ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. First Lord of the is ~ an atheist ²ÝϳëÏ³Í Ý³ ³Ã»Çëï ¿:
Admiralty ~ (²Ý·ÉdzÛáõÙ) Íáí³ÛÇÝ Ý³Ë³- admix [əd΄miks] v ˳éÝ(í)»É. ³í»É³óÝ»É
ñ³ñ. Çñ³í. ~ law Íáí³ÛÇÝ Çñ³íáõÝù: áñå»ë μ³ÕϳóáõóÇã Ù³ë:
admiration [‚ædmə΄rei∫n] n ÑdzóÙáõÝù, admixture [əd΄mikst∫ə] n ˳éÝáõñ¹ (ݳ¨ª
ëù³Ýã³óáõÙ. be full of ~ Ñdzó³Í ÉÇÝ»É. be ÝÛáõÃÁ, áñÁ ˳éÝíáõÙ ¿ Ù»Ï ³ÛÉ ÝÛáõÃÇ
~ of all μáÉáñÇ ÑdzóÙáõÝùÇ ³é³ñÏ³Ý ÉÇ- Ñ»ï):
Ý»É. profound/general/sincere ~ ËáñÁ/ѳÙÁݹ- admonish [əd΄mɒni∫] v ݳ˳½·áõß³óÝ»É,
ѳÝáõñ/³ÝÏ»ÕÍ ÑdzóÙáõÝù. cry of ~ Ñdzó- Ñáñ¹áñ»É, ËáñÑáõñ¹ ï³É. He ~ed the boys
ÙáõÝùÇ ×Çã: against smoking ܳ Ñáñ¹áñ»ó ïճݻñÇÝ
admire [əd΄maiə] v ÑdzݳÉ, ëù³Ýã³Ý³É. ~ ãÍË»É:
admonition 27 advance

admonition [‚ædmə΄ni∫n] n Ñáñ¹áñ, Ñáñ¹á- smb ~ ¹áõñë ³Ý»É ³é³Ýó ÏÛ³ÝùÇ/Ï»Ýë³-


ñ³Ýù, ݳ˳½·áõß³óáõÙ. ѳݹÇÙ³Ýáõ- Ï³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ, ïÝÇó-ï»ÕÇó ½ñÏ»É:
ÃÛáõÝ, ÝϳïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ: adroit [ə΄drɔit] a ׳ñåÇÏ, ׳ñï³ñ:
admonitory [əd΄mɒnitəri] a ݳ˳½·áõ- adulate [΄ædjuleit] v ùÍÝ»É, ëïáñ³ù³ñßáõ-
ß³óÝáÕ, Ñáñ¹áñáÕ. an ~ letter ݳ˳½·áõ- ÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É:
ß³Ï³Ý Ý³Ù³Ï: adulation [‚ædju΄lei∫n] n ùÍݳÝù, ëïáñ³-
ado [ə΄du:] n Çñ³ñ³ÝóáõÙ, ³ÕÙáõÏ. much ~ ù³ñßáõÃÛáõÝ:
about nothing ǽáõñ ï»ÕÁ Ù»Í ³ÕÙáõÏ. adulatory [΄ædjuleitəri] a ßáÕáùáñÃ, ѳ-
without more/much/further ~ ³ÝÙÇç³å»ë, ×á۳ϳï³ñ:
³é³Ýó ³Ûɨ³ÛÉáõÃÛ³Ý: adult [΄ædΛlt] n, a ã³÷³Ñ³ë Ù³ñ¹. ã³÷³-
adobe [ə΄dəubi] n ãÃñÍí³Í ³ÕÛáõë. an ~ ѳë, ѳëáõÝ. ~ education ÏñÃáõÃÛáõÝ ã³÷³-
house ßÇÝáõÃÛáõÝ ãÃñÍí³Í ³ÕÛáõëÇó: ѳëÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. ~ film ýÇÉÙ ã³÷³Ñ³ëÝ»-
adolescence [‚ædə΄lesns] n å³ï³Ý»Ïáõ- ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. A~s only! ØÇÝ㨠16 ï³ñ»Ï³Ý
ÃÛáõÝ: »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñÇ ÙáõïùÝ ³ñ·»ÉíáõÙ ¿. ~ manners
adolescent [‚ædə΄lesnt] 1. n å³ï³ÝÛ³Ï, Çñ»Ý ã³÷³Ñ³ëÇ å»ë å³Ñ»É:
³ÕçݳÏ. ¹»é³Ñ³ë. 2. a å³ï³Ý»Ï³Ý: adulterate [ə΄dΛltərət] a Ï»ÕÍ, ˳ñ¹³Ë,
adopt [ə΄dɒpt] v áñ¹»·ñ»É. ÁÝïñ»É. ~ a child ³ÙáõëÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³í³ï³ñÙáõÃÛáõÝÁ ˳Ë-
»ñ»Ë³ áñ¹»·ñ»É. ~ a policy ù³Õ³ù³Ï³- ïáÕ:
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ áñ¹»·ñ»É. an ~ed child áñ¹»·Çñ adulterate [ə΄dΛltəreit] v Ï»ÕÍ»É, ˳ñ¹³-
»ñ»Ë³. (ÁݹáõÝ»É, Ûáõñ³óÝ»É) The custom Ë»É. ~ the milk/wine with water ϳÃÇÝ/·ÇÝáõÝ
was ~ed in many countries êáíáñáõÛÃÝ ÁÝ- çáõñ ˳éݻɣ
¹áõÝí»ó ß³ï »ñÏñÝ»ñáõÙ. ~ a resolution/ adulteration [‚ədΛltə΄rei∫n] n Ï»ÕÍáõÙ,
plan/course of action μ³Ý³Ó¨/åɳÝ/ Ïáõñë ˳ñ¹³ËáõÙ:
ÁݹáõÝ»É: adulterer [ə΄dΛltərə] n ¹³í³×³ÝáÕ (ïÕ³-
adoptee [‚ædɒp΄ti:] n áñ¹»·Çñ, Ñá·»½³- Ù³ñ¹):
í³Ï: adulteress [ə΄dΛltərəs] n ¹³í³×³ÝáÕ
adoption [ə΄dɒp∫n] n áñ¹»·ñáõÙ, Ûáõñ³óáõÙ. (ÏÇÝ):
the country of his ~ »ñÏÇñÁ, áñÁ Ýñ³Ý ³å³ë- adultery [ə΄dΛltəri] n ³ÙáõëÝ³Ï³Ý ³Ýѳ-
ï³Ý ¿ ïí»É: í³ï³ñÙáõÃÛáõÝ. ¹³í³×³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
adoptive [ə΄dɒptiv] a áñ¹»·ñÛ³É. ~ parents adulthood [΄ædΛlthud] n ã³÷³Ñ³ëáõÃÛáõÝ:
áñ¹»·ñ³Í ÍÝáÕÝ»ñ: adust [ə΄dΛst] a ³Ûñí³Í, ãáñ³ó³Í. ³ñ¨³-
adorable [ə΄dɔ:rəbl] a å³ßï»ÉÇ, Ñdzë- Ï»½:
ù³Ýã. What an ~ kitten! ƯÝã Ñdzëù³Ýã ÷Ç- advance [əd΄va:ns] n ³é³ç˳ճóáõÙ,
ëÇÏ ¿: ½³ñ·³óáõÙ. every new ~ Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ Ýáñ
adoration [‚ædə΄rei∫n] n å³ßïáõÙ, »ñÏÁñ- ³é³ç˳ճóáõÙ. the ~ of science ·Çïáõ-
å³·áõÃÛáõÝ: ÃÛ³Ý ½³ñ·³óáõÙÁ. considerable/remarkable ~
adore [ə΄dɔ:] v å³ßï»É, »ñÏñå³·»É. ~ Ý߳ݳϳÉÇó/ÑëÏ³Û³Ï³Ý Ñ³çáÕáõÃÛáõÝ-
sweets/music ù³Õóñ»Õ»Ý/»ñ³ÅßïáõÃÛáõÝ Ý»ñ. (³í»É³óáõÙ, μ³ñÓñ³óáõÙ) ~ in prices
å³ßï»É: ·Ý»ñÇ μ³ñÓñ³óáõÙ. ~ in cost of living Ï»Ý-
adorer [ə΄dɔ:rə] n »ñÏñå³·áõ: ë³Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÇ ³ñÅ»ùÇ ³í»É³óáõÙ. ~ in
adorn [ə΄dɔ:n] v ½³ñ¹³ñ»É: office å³ßïáÝÇ μ³ñÓñ³óáõÙ. (ϳÝ˳-
adornment [ə΄dɔ:nmənt] n ½³ñ¹³ñáõÙ. í׳ñ) in ~ ݳËûñáù. pay in ~ ݳËûñáù
½³ñ¹³ñ³Ýù: í׳ñ»É. book in ~ ݳËûñáù å³ïíÇñ»É. in
adrenal [ə΄dri:nl] 1. n ٳϻñÇϳٳÛÇÝ ~ of ³éç¨áõÙ. ³í»ÉÇ ßáõï/³é³ç. arrive in ~
·»ÕÓ (ݳ¨ª ~ glands). 2. a ٳϻñÇϳٳ- of others ÙÛáõëÝ»ñÇó ³í»ÉÇ ßáõï ųٳݻÉ.
ÛÇÝ£ ~s ³é³çÇÝ ù³ÛÉÁ (áñ¨¿ ·áñÍáõÙ). ³é³ç³ñ-
adrift [ə΄drift] adv Ñáë³Ýùáí, ³ÉÇùÝ»ñÇ ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. make ~s to smb ëÇñ³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝ
áõÅáí. be ~ ÑáëÁÝóóáí ï³ñí»É/·Ý³É. ³Ý»É. make the first ~s ѳßïáõÃÛ³Ý ³é³çÇÝ
÷Ëμ. Ñáë³Ýùáí ÉáÕ³É, ѳٳϻñåí»É. turn ù³ÛÉÝ ³Ý»É. The workman asked for an ~ ´³Ý-
advance 28 adverse

íáñÁ ϳÝ˳í׳ñ Ëݹñ»ó: ÉÇÝ»É. What ~? ƱÝã û·áõï/ß³Ñ. of no ~


advance [əd΄va:ns] a ݳËûñáù, ݳËݳ- ³Ý߳ѳí»ï. Ùñ½. (ûÝÇë) ~ in/out ß³ï
ϳÝ, ³é³ç³¹»Ù. ~ copy ÝÙáõß³ÛÇÝ ûñÇ- (³í»É)/ùÇã (å³Ï³ë) take ~ of û·ïí»É. take ~
ݳÏ. ~ booking office ïáÙë»ñÇ Ý³ËÝ³Ï³Ý of every opportunity û·ï³·áñÍ»É ³Ù»Ý
í³×³éùÇ ¹ñ³Ù³ñÏÕ. ~ luggage μ»éÝ»ñÇ ÙÇ/ó³Ýϳó³Í Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ:
³é³ùáõÙ. ~ man ûÏݳÍáõÇ íëï³Ñí³Í advantageous [‚ædvən΄teidзəs] a Ýå³ëï³-
³ÝÓ. óï»ñ³Ï³Ý/³ñí»ëïÇ Ù³ëݳíáñ íáñ, ߳ѳí»ï. ~ position Ýå³ëï³íáñ
Ó»éݳñÏáõ. ³Ýïñ»åñ»ÝÛáñ. ~ party å»ï³- ¹Çñù:
Ï³Ý ·áñÍãÇ/åñ»½Ç¹»ÝïÇ ³ÛóÁ ݳ˳- advent [΄ædvənt] n ·³Éáõëï, ųٳÝáõÙ.
å³ïñ³ëïáÕ ËáõÙμ. ~ study μ³ñÓñ Ù³- ÏñáÝ. A~ øñÇëïáëÇ »ñÏñáñ¹ ·³ÉáõëïÁ.
ϳñ¹³ÏÇ Ñ»ï³½áïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: since the ~ of atomic power ³ïáÙ³ÛÇÝ ¿Ý»ñ-
advance [əd΄va:ns] v ³é³ç³Ý³É, ³é³ç ·Ç³ÛÇ Ñ³ÛïÝí»Éáõó Ñ»ïá:
ß³ñÅí»É. ~ at a great rate Ù»Í ³ñ³·áõÃÛ³Ùμ adventitious [‚ædvən΄ti∫əs] a å³ï³Ñ³-
³é³ç³Ý³É. The work is ~ing ²ß˳- ϳÝ. ÏáÕÙݳÏÇ. ~ aid å³ï³Ñ³Ï³Ý/ÏáÕÙ-
ï³ÝùÁ/¶áñÍÝ ³é³ç ¿ ·ÝáõÙ. ~ very far ß³ï ݳÏÇ û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
³é³ç/Ñ»éáõ ·Ý³É. as the work ~d ³ß- adventure [əd΄vənt∫ə] n ³ñϳÍ. danger-
˳ï³ÝùÇ ³é³çÁÝóóÇ Ñ»ï Ù»Ïï»Õ. ous/strange/extraordinary/funny/exciting/incred-
ßËÙ. ~ one’s queen ó·áõÑáõÝ ³é³ç ï³Ý»É. ible ~ íï³Ý·³íáñ/ï³ñûñÇݳÏ/³ñï³-
~ the date ųÙÏ»ïÁ/ûñÁ ³é³ç ï³Ý»É. ~ an ϳñ·/ÍÇͳջÉÇ/Ñáõ½Çã/³Ýѳí³ï³ÉÇ ³ñ-
opinion ÙÇïù ³é³ç ù³ß»É, ϳñÍÇù ³ñï³- ϳÍ. look for ~ ³ñÏ³Í ÷Ýïñ»É. love of ~
ѳÛï»É. ~ money to smb å³ñïùáí ÷áÕ ë»ñ ³ñϳÍÝ»ñÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ, ³ñϳͳëÇ-
ï³É/÷áË ï³É: ñáõÃÛáõÝ. have an ~ ³ñÏ³Í áõݻݳÉ. an ~
advanced [əd΄va:nst] a ³é³ç³¹»Ù. ~ pupil story/film ³ñϳͳÛÇÝ í»å/ýÇÉÙ:
³³é³ç³¹»Ù ³ß³Ï»ñï. (³é³ç³íáñ, adventurer [əd΄vənt∫rə] n ³ñϳͳËݹÇñ,
μ³ñÓñ ٳϳñ¹³ÏÇ) an ~ idea ³é³ç³¹»Ù μ³Ëï³ËݹÇñ. ³í³ÝïÛáõñÇëï:
ÙÇïù. courses for ~ students ¹³ëÁÝóóÝ»ñ adventuress [əd΄vənt∫ərəs] n ³ñϳͳ-
³é³ç³íáñ áõë³ÝáÕÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. ~ studies ËݹÇñ/μ³Ëï³ËݹÇñ ÏÇÝ. ³í³ÝïÛáõñÇë-
·Çï³Ï³Ý ³ß˳ï³Ýù. ~ views ³é³ç³íáñ ïáõÑÇ:
Ùïù»ñ. Summer is far ~ ²Ù³éÁ í»ñç³ÝáõÙ ¿. adventurism [əd΄vənt∫ərizm] n ѳë³ñ³-
~ in years ï³ñÇùáí, Í»ñ³ó³Í: Ï³Ï³Ý ÝáñÙ»ñÇ Ë³ËïáõÙ. ùÕù. ³í³Ý-
advance guard [əd΄va:nsga:d] n ³í³Ý- ïÛáõñǽÙ:
·³ñ¹: adventurous [əd΄vənt∫ərəs] a ѳٳñÓ³Ï,
advancement [əd΄va:nsmənt] n ³é³ç˳- ݳ˳ӻéÝáÕ. ³ñϳͳËݹÇñ. ~ person
Õ³óáõÙ, ³é³ç³¹ÇÙáõÃÛáõÝ. (ѳçáÕáõ- ѳٳñÓ³Ï/ݳ˳ӻéÝáÕ Ù³ñ¹. ~ journey
ÃÛáõÝ) social ~ ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ³é³çÁÝ- ³ñϳͳËݹÇñ áõÕ¨áñáõÃÛáõÝ:
óó. ~ of learning áõëÙ³Ý áñ³ÏÇ μ³ñÓñ³- adverb [΄ædvə:b] n ù»ñ. Ù³Ïμ³Û:
óáõÙ: adverbial [əd΄və:biəl] a ù»ñ. Ù³Ïμ³Û³Ï³Ý:
advantage [əd΄va:ntidз] n ³é³í»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ. adversary [΄ædvəsəri] n ѳϳé³Ïáñ¹,
μ³ñ»Ýå³ëï ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. gain/have/win an ~ ³ËáÛ³Ý. Áݹ¹ÇٳϳÝ:
over smb Ù»ÏÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ ³é³í»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ adversative [əd΄və:sətiv] a ѳϳ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ
áõݻݳÉ/߳ѻÉ. score an ~ ³é³í»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáÕ. ù»ñ. Áݹ¹ÇÙ³Ï³Ý (ß³Õ-
ëï³Ý³É. have ~ from the start Ñ»Ýó ëϽμÇó ϳå):
³é³í»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ. have no ~ áã ÙÇ ³- adverse [΄ædvə:s] a ³Ýμ³ñ»Ýå³ëï. ~
é³í»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ ãáõݻݳÉ. to the best of ~ ɳ- weather conditions ³Ýμ³ñ»Ýå³ëï ÏÉÇÙ³Û³-
í³·áõÛÝ/³Ù»Ý³ß³Ñ³í»ï Ï»ñåáí. the main Ï³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ. ~ wind ³Ýμ³ñ»Ýå³ëï
~ ÑÇÙݳϳÝ/·É˳íáñ ³é³í»ÉáõÃÛáõÝÁ. ù³ÙÇ Ï³Ù Ñ³Ý¹Çå³Ï³ó/ѳϳé³Ï ù³ÙÇ.
gain military ~s over é³½Ù³Ï³Ý ³é³í»- under ~ circumstances ³ÝÝå³ëï ѳݷ³-
ÉáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ëÝ»É. (ß³Ñ). turn smth to ~ ³Ù»Ý Ù³ÝùÝ»ñáõÙ. (ѳϳé³Ï, ÃßݳٳϳÝ) de-
ÇÝã Çñ û·ïÇÝ ¹³ñÓÝ»É. be to ~ ߳ѳí»ï velopments ~ to our interests Ù»ñ ߳ѻñÇÝ Ñ³-
adversity 29 aerify

ϳ¹Çñ ½³ñ·³óáõÙ/³é³ç˳ճóáõÙ. have ËáñÑñ¹³ïíáõÃÛáõÝ. on smb’s ~ Ù»ÏÇ


an ~ effect ѳϳé³Ï ³ñ¹ÛáõÝù áõݻݳÉ: ËáñÑñ¹áí. give/offer ~ ËáñÑáõñ¹Ý»ñ ï³É.
adversity [əd΄və:səti] n Ó³Ëáñ¹áõÃÛáõÝ, act on medical ~ Ñ»ï¨»É μÅßÏÇ ËáñÑñ¹ÇÝ.
¹Åμ³ËïáõÃÛáõÝ. show courage in ~ ¹Åμ³Ë- ýÇÝ. ~ note ͳÝáõóáõÙ, ³íǽá. letter of ~
ïáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÑÇÝ ³ñÇáõÃÛáõÝ óáõó³μ»ñ»É. ѳÝÓݳñ³ñ³Ï³Ý ݳٳÏ:
the season of ~ ³ÝѳçáÕáõÃÛ³Ý ßñç³Ý. advisable [əd΄vaizəbl] a Ýå³ï³Ï³Ñ³ñ-
companion in ~ ¹Åμ³ËïáõÃÛ³Ý ÁÝÏ»ñ. be Ù³ñ, ѳÝÓݳñ³ñ»ÉÇ. If you think it ~ ºÃ»
patient/cheerful in ~ ѳÙμ»ñ³ï³ñ ÉÇÝ»É/ Ýå³ï³Ï³Ñ³ñÙ³ñ »ù ·ïÝáõÙ. It is not ~
Çñ»Ý ãÏáñóÝ»É ³ÝѳçáÕáõÃÛ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ. ò³ÝϳÉÇ/Üå³ï³Ï³Ñ³ñÙ³ñ ã¿:
smile in the face of ~ Ååï³É ³ÝѳçáÕáõ- advise [əd΄vaiz] v ËáñÑáõñ¹ ï³É, ѳÝÓݳ-
ÃÛ³Ý »ñ»ëÇÝ/³éϳÛáõÃÛ³Ùμ: ñ³ñ»É. The doctor ~d a change ´ÅÇßÏÁ ÷á÷á-
advert [əd΄və:t] v ¹ÇÙ»É, ÑÕ»É. ~ to a problem ËáõÃÛ³Ý ËáñÑáõñ¹ ïí»ó, He is well/ill ~d
³Ý¹ñ³¹³éÝ³É ËݹñÇÝ: Üñ³Ý ɳí/í³ï ËáñÑáõñ¹ ïí»óÇÝ. I would
advertence [əd΄və:təns] n áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ, strongly ~ you гëï³ï³Ùïáñ»Ý ÏѳÝÓ-
áõß³¹Çñ í»ñ³μ»ñÙáõÝù: ݳñ³ñ»Ç. ~ against Áݹ¹»Ù/áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ ¹»Ù
advertise [΄ædvətaiz] v ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ËáñÑáõñ¹ ï³É. You’ll be well-~d to refuse
ï³É, ѳÛï³ñ³ñ»É. ~ in newspapers ûñû- ÊáñÑáõñ¹ Ïï³ÛÇ/²í»ÉÇ ×Çßï ÏÉÇÝ»ñ
ñáõ٠ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É. ~ a vacancy Ù»ñÅ»É. (ï»Õ»Ï³óÝ»É) ~ of the time of arrival
ó÷áõñ å³ßïáÝ Ñ³Ûï³ñ³ñ»É. (·áí³½- ï»Õ»Ï³óÝ»É Å³Ù³ÝÙ³Ý Ù³ëÇÝ:
¹»É) ~ goods ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñ ·áí³½¹»É. The advisedly [əd΄vaizidli] adv Ùï³Íí³Í, ·Ç-
film is widely ~d ²Ûë ýÇÉÙÁ ɳÛÝáñ»Ý ·á- ï³Ïó³μ³ñ£
í³½¹íáõÙ ¿. It pays to ~ ¶áí³½¹Á ߳ѳí»ï adviser [əd΄vaizə] n ËáñÑñ¹³ïáõ, ËáñÑÁñ-
¿: ¹³Ï³Ý. legal ~ Çñ³í³ËáñÑñ¹³ïáõ:
advertisement [əd΄və:tismənt] n ѳÛï³- advisory [əd΄vaizəri] a ËáñÑñ¹³Ïó³Ï³Ý. in
ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ (Ïñ×. ad, advert) put/place/insert an ~ capacity ËáñÑñ¹³Ïó³Ï³Ý Ó³ÛÝáí. ~
an ~ in a newspaper ûñÃáõ٠ѳÛï³ñ³- board ËáñÑñ¹³ïáõ ѳÝÓݳÅáÕáí:
ñáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É. The ~ says гÛï³- advocacy [΄ædvəkəsi] n ÷³ëï³μ³Ýáõ-
ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝáõÙ ³ëíáõÙ ¿. office for ~s ÃÛáõÝ, å³ßïå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ μÛáõñá/μ³ÅÇÝ. ~ advocate [΄ædvəkət] n ÷³ëï³μ³Ý, ¹³ï³-
column (ûñÃáõÙ) ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ å³ßïå³Ý. experienced ~ ÷áñÓ³éáõ ÷³ë-
ëÛáõݳÏ. (·áí³½¹) ~ of products ï³μ³Ý. an ~ of peace ˳ճÕáõÃÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙ-
³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ ·áí³½¹. ~ manager ·á- ݳÏÇó:
í³½¹³ÛÇÝ ·áñͳϳÉ. ~ office ·áí³½¹³ÛÇÝ advocate [΄ædvəkeit] v å³ßïå³Ý»É,
·áñͳϳÉáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ of a concert ³½¹, ³ýÇß. å³ßïå³Ý ϳݷݻÉ. What course do you ~?
ÆÝãDZ/á±ñ ·áñÍÁÝóóÇ ÏáÕÙݳÏÇóÝ »ù:
job ~ ó÷áõñ ï»ÕÇ Ñ³Ûï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
advertiser [΄ædvətaizə] n ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõ- aegis [΄i:dзis] n å³ßïå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, Ñáí³Ý³-
íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. Ñáí³ÝÇ. under the ~ of Ñáí³Ý³-
ÃÛáõÝ ïíáÕ ³ÝÓ. ·áí³½¹áÕ:
íáñáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï. Ñáí³Ý³íáñáõÃÛ³Ùμ:
advertising [΄ædvətaiziŋ] 1. n ·áí³½¹. My
friend is in ~ ÆÙ ÁÝÏ»ñÁ ³ß˳ïáõÙ ¿ ·á-
aerate [΄eəreit] v ·³½³íáñ»É. ~d water ·³-
½³íáñ³Í çáõñ. (û¹³÷áË»É) ~ the room ë»Ý-
í³½¹³ÛÇÝ ·áñͳϳÉáõÃÛáõÝáõÙ. 2. a ·á-
Û³ÏÝ û¹³÷áË»É:
í³½¹³ÛÇÝ:
advice [əd΄vaiz] n ËáñÑáõñ¹, ËáñÑñ¹³ïíáõ- aeration [eə΄rei∫n] n û¹³÷áËáõÃÛáõÝ, ·³-
½³íáñáõÙ:
ÃÛáõÝ. sincere/timely ~ ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ/ųٳݳÏÇÝ
ËáñÑáõñ¹. a piece/bit/word of ~ ËáñÑáõñ¹.
aerial [΄eəriel] n ³É»Ñ³í³ù, ³Ýï»Ý³:
aerie [΄iəri] n ³ñÍíÇ μáõÝ. ïáõÝ μ³ñÓñ É»é-
get/receive smb’s ~ Ù»ÏÇó ËáñÑáõñ¹ ëï³-
Ý»ñáõÙ:
ݳÉ. ask smb’s ~ ËáñÑñ¹³Ïó»É Ù»ÏÇ Ñ»ï.
aeriform [΄eərifɔ:m] a ·³½³ÝÙ³Ý, û¹³ÛÇÝ.
take/follow smb’s ~ ËáñÑñ¹ÇÝ Ñ»ï¨»É/Éë»É.
÷Ëμ. û¹³ÛÇÝ, áã-Çñ³Ï³Ý:
act on ~ ËáñÑñ¹áí ·áñÍ»É/ß³ñÅí»É. reject ~
aerify [΄eərifai] v ·³½³ÛÇÝ íÇ׳ÏÇ í»ñ³-
ËáñÑáõñ¹Á Ù»ñÅ»É. legal ~ Çñ³í³-
Í»É, ·³½³íáñ»É£
aerobatics 30 affidavit

aerobatics [‚eərəu΄bætiks] n pl Ó¨³íáñ ·áñÍ»ñ. put one’s ~s in order ·áñÍ»ñÁ ϳñ·Ç


ÃéÇãùÝ»ñ (û¹³Ý³íáí)£ μ»ñ»É. interfere in the internal ~s of the country
aerobics [eə΄rəubiks] n ³»ñáμÇϳ: »ñÏñÇ Ý»ñùÇÝ ·áñÍ»ñÇÝ ÙÇç³Ùï»É. an ~ of
aerocarrier [eərəu΄kæriə] a ³ídzÏÇñ honour ٻݳٳñï, å³ïíÇ ·áñÍ Mind your
(ݳí): own ~s ¼μ³ÕíÇñ ùá ·áñÍ»ñáí. It is a poor ~
aerodrome [΄eərədrəum] n û¹³Ý³í³Ï³- ¸ñ³ÝÇó μ³Ý ¹áõñë ãÇ ·³. love ~ ëÇñ³ÛÇÝ
Û³Ý: ·áñÍ/å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ/ϳå. He’s having an ~
aerodynamics [‚eərəudai΄næmiks] n ³»ñá- with Maria ܳ ëÇñ³ÛÇÝ Ï³åÇ Ù»ç ¿ س-
¹ÇݳÙÇϳ: ñdzÛÇ Ñ»ï:
aerogram [΄eərəugræm] n ³ídzݳٳÏ: affect [΄æfekt] v Ý»ñ·áñÍ»É, ³½¹»É. ~ one’s
aerolite [΄eərəulait] n ³ëáõå, Ù»ï»áñÇï: health/decision Ý»ñ·áñÍ»É ³éáÕçáõÃÛ³Ý
aeronaut [΄eərəunɔ:t] n û¹³·Ý³ó, û¹³Ý³- íñ³, ³½¹»É áñáßÙ³Ý íñ³. This ~s me ¸³
íáñ¹: ÇÝÓ ¿ í»ñ³μ»ñáõÙ. ~ed by cold óñïÇó
aeronautics [‚eərəu΄nɔ:tiks] n pl û¹³- ³ÝÙÇç³å»ë ³½¹í³Í. (Ñáõ½í»É) We were
ãáõ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍ: ~ed by the play Ü»ñϳ۳óáõÙÁ Ù»½ Ñáõ½»ó.
aeronavigator [‚eərəu΄nævigeitə] n û¹³ãáõ- (Ó¨³Ý³É, Ó¨³óÝ»É) He ~s indifference ܳ
ßïáõñÙ³Ý: ³Ýï³ñμ»ñ ¿ Ó¨³ÝáõÙ. He ~s not to hear ܳ
aerophone [΄eərəfəun] n é³¹ÇáÑ»é³Ëáë: Ó¨³óÝáõÙ ¿, áñ ãÇ ÉëáõÙ:
aeroplane [΄eərəplein] n û¹³Ý³í, ÇÝù- affectation [‚æfek΄tei∫n] n Ó¨³Ý³ÉÁ, ³é»-
ݳÃÇé, ë³í³éݳÏ: ñ»ë ë»ñ. an ~ of interest/indifference/ignorance
aeroport [΄eərəpɔ:t] n û¹³Ý³í³Ï³Û³Ý: Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛ³Ý/³Ýï³ñμ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý/ï·Ç-
aerostat [΄eərəustæt] n û¹³å³ñÇÏ: ïáõÃÛ³Ý Ó¨³óáõÙ. with an ~ of interest Ñ»-
aerostatics [‚eərəu΄stætiks] n pl û¹³·Ý³- ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝ Ó¨³óÝ»Éáí. /ë»Ã¨»Ã³Ýù/ I
óáõÃÛáõÝ, ³»ñáëï³ïÇϳ: don’t like her ~s Üñ³ ë»Ã¨»Ã³ÝùÁ ÇÝÓ ¹áõñ
aerostation [‚eərəu΄stei∫n] n û¹³·Ý³óáõ- ãÇ ·³ÉÇë. fall into ~ ëÏë»É ë»Ã¨»Ã»É:
ÃÛáõÝ: affected [ə΄fektid] a ³ÝμݳϳÝ, ³ñÑ»ëï³-
aerotechnics [‚eərəu΄tekniks] n pl ³ídz- ϳÝ, óáõó³¹ñ³Ï³Ý. ~ manners ë»Ã¨»Ã
ï»ËÝÇϳ: å³Ñí³Íù. She is an ~ person ܳ Ïáï-
aesthete [΄i:sθi:t] n ·»Õ³å³ßï, ·»Õ³·»ï, ñ³ïíáõÙ ¿:
¿ëûï: affecting [ə΄fektiŋ] a Ñáõ½Çã. an ~ scene Ñáõ-
aesthetic [i:s΄θetik] a ·»Õ³·Çï³Ï³Ý, ¿ëû- ½Çã ï»ë³ñ³Ý:
ïÇϳϳÝ: affection [ə΄fek∫n] n ç»ñÙáõÃÛáõÝ, Ùï»ñÙáõ-
aesthetics [i:s΄θetiks] n pl ·»Õ³·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ, ÃÛáõÝ. ϳåí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, ë»ñ. gain/win smb’s
¿ëûïÇϳ: ~ Ù»ÏÇ ë»ñÁ Ó»éù μ»ñ»É/³ñųݳݳÉ. He is
afar [ə΄fa:] adv Ñ»éáõ, Ñ»éíáõÙ. from ~ Ñ»é- held in great ~ Üñ³Ý μáÉáñÁ ëÇñáõÙ »Ý. since-
íÇó: re/tender ~ ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ/ùÝùáõß ë»ñ. have/feel an
affability [‚æfə΄biləti] n ëÇñ³ÉÇñáõÃÛáõÝ, ~ towards smb, (check the entry) ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ ë»ñ
ù³Õ³ù³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝ£ ï³Í»É Ù»ÏÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ:
affable [΄æfəbl] a ëÇñ³ÉÇñ, ù³Õ³ù³í³ñÇ. affectionate [ə΄fek∫ənət] a ëÇñáÕ, ùÝùáõß,
~ to everybody ëÇñ³ÉÇñ μáÉáñÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ. Ýáõñμ. ~ look ùÝùáõß Ñ³Û³óù. He is very ~
an ~ reply ëÇñ³ÉÇñ å³ï³ë˳Ý: ܳ ß³ï ëÇñ³ÉÇñ ¿. an ~ wife ëÇñáÕ ÏÇÝ:
affair [ə΄feə] n ·áñÍ. purely personal~ ËÇëï affectionately [ə΄fek∫ənətli] adv ç»ñÙ,
³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍ. state of ~ ·áñÍ»ñÇ íÇ׳Ï. ùÝùßáñ»Ý, ëÇñáí. ˳ݹ³Õ³ï³Ýùáí. greet
strange ~ ï³ñûñÇÝ³Ï ·áñÍ. That ‘s not my ~ smn ~ ç»ñÙ ÁݹáõÝ»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ óáõÛó ï³É. (ݳ-
¸³ ÇÙ ·áñÍÁ ã¿. a big ~ Ù»Í μ³Ý/Çñ³¹³ñ- Ù³ÏÇ í»ñçáõÙ) yours ~ ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ Ó»ñ:
ÓáõÃÛáõÝ. current ~s ÁÝóóÇÏ ·áñÍ»ñ. home affective [æ΄fektiv] a Ñáõ½Çã, ëñï³éáõã:
~s Ý»ñùÇÝ ·áñÍ»ñ/Ç Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. affiance [ə΄faiəns] n ³ÙáõëÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ëáë-
foreign/external ~s ³ñï³ùÇÝ ·áñÍ»ñ/Ç ïáõÙ. ~ in íëï³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ:
ݳ˳ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. business ~s ³é¨ïñ³Ï³Ý affidavit [‚æfi΄deivit] n »ñ¹Ù³Ùμ ѳëï³ï-
affiliate 31 afore

í³Í ·ñ³íáñ óáõóÙáõÝù/íϳÛáõÃÛáõÝ. swear/ ¹ñ³Ù³Ï³Ý/ųٳݳϳÛÇÝ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ áõÝ»-


make/take an ~ ·ñ³íáñ óáõóÙáõÝù ï³É: ݳÉ. He can’t ~ a car ܳ ãÇ Ï³ñáÕ (Çñ»Ý ÃáõÛÉ
affiliate [ə΄filieit] v Ù³ëݳ×ÛáõÕÁ ѳݹÇë³- ï³É) Ù»ù»Ý³ ·Ý»É. I can’t ~ to lose time ºë
Ý³É be ~d with Ùdzó³Í ÉÇÝ»É. be ~d to Ù³ëÁ ã»Ù ϳñáÕ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ÏáñóÝ»É. He can’t ~ it
ѳݹÇë³Ý³É: ¸³ Ýñ³ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó ¹áõñë ¿.
affiliation [ə‚fili΄ei∫n] n ÙdzóáõÙ, ³Ý¹³Ù³- She spends more than she can ~ ܳ ³í»ÉÇÝ ¿
·ñáõÙ, áñ¹»·ñáõÙ£ ͳËëáõÙ, ù³Ý ϳñáÕ ¿. (ï³É, ïñ³Ù³¹-
affinage [ə΄finidз] n ï»Ë. ½ïáõÙ, Ù³ùñáõÙ: ñ»É) ~ shelter ³å³ëï³Ý ï³É. ~ great
affined [ə΄faind] a ÝÙ³Ý, ³½·³ÏÇó: pleasure Ù»Í Ñ³×áõÛù å³ï׳é»É. The trees ~
affinity [ə΄finəti] n ÝÙ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ³½·³Ïóáõ- a pleasant shade ̳é»ñÁ ѳ׻ÉÇ Ñáí³ÝÇ »Ý
ÃÛáõÝ. There is a strong ~ between them Üñ³Ýù ³å³ÑáíáõÙ/ï³ÉÇë:
ß³ï ϳåí³Í »Ý. I feel no ~ with him Ø»½ afforest [æ΄fɒrist] v ³Ýï³é³å³ï»É, ³Ý-
áãÇÝã ãÇ Ï³åáõÙ. ~ club Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝ- ï³é ïÝÏ»É:
Ý»ñÇ ³ÏáõÙμ. linguistic ~ É»½í³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý afforestation [æ‚fɒris΄tei∫n] n ³Ýï³é³-
³½·³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ: ïáõÝÏ, ³Ýï³é³å³ïáõÙ:
affirm [ə΄fə:m] v ѳëï³ï»É, åݹ»É. ~ a de- affranchise [ə΄frænt∫aiz] v ³½³ï»É
cision áñáßáõÙÁ ѳëï³ï»É. ~ that it is true ëïñÏáõÃÛáõÝÇó:
ѳëï³ï»É, áñ ¹³ ×Çßï ¿: affray [ə΄frei] n í»×, ÏéÇí (ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý
affirmation [‚æfə΄mei∫n] n ѳëï³ïáõÙ: í³ÛñáõÙ):
affirmative [ə΄fə:mətiv] a ѳëï³ï³Ï³Ý, affricate [΄æfrikət] n ÑÝã. ÏÇë³ß÷³Ï³Ý,
¹ñ³Ï³Ý. ~ answer/sentence ¹ñ³Ï³Ý å³- ³ýñÇϳï:
ï³ë˳Ý. ѳëï³ï³Ï³Ý ݳ˳¹³ëáõ- affront [ə΄frΛnt] n (Ùï³¹ñí³Í) íÇñ³íá-
ÃÛáõÝ. answer in the ~ ¹ñ³Ï³Ý å³ï³ëË³Ý ñ³Ýù Ññ³å³ñ³Ï³í. put an ~ upon íÇñ³-
ï³É: íáñ³Ýù ѳëóÝ»É. offer an ~ to íÇñ³íáñ³Ýù
affix [΄æfiks] n ù»ñ. Ù³ëÝÇÏ, ³Í³Ýó: ѳëóÝ»É. suffer an ~ íÇñ³íáñ³Ýù Ïñ»É. It
affix [ə΄fiks] v ³Ùñ³óÝ»É, ÷³ÏóÝ»É. ~ seal/ was an ~ to his pride ¸³ Ëáó»ó Ýñ³ ÇÝù-
stamp to a document ÷³ëï³ÃÕÃÇÝ ÏÝÇù ݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝÁ:
¹Ý»É/¹ñáßÙ³ÝÇß ÷³ÏóÝ»É. ~ one’s signature affront [ə΄frΛnt] v íÇñ³íáñ»É, íÇñ³íá-
Çñ ëïáñ³·ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¹Ý»É. ~ a postscript ñ³Ýù ѳëóÝ»É. I was ~ed by his remark ÆÝÓ
Ñ»ï·ñáõÃÛáõÝ ³í»É³óÝ»É: íÇñ³íáñ»ó Ýñ³ ³ÏݳñÏÁ:
afflict [ə΄flikt] v ï³Ýç»É, íÇßï/ï³Ýç³Ýù afield [ə΄fi:ld] adv ¹³ßïáõÙ, ï³ÝÇó ß³ï
å³ï׳é»É. feel ~ed by the news ÉáõñÇó ß³ï Ñ»éáõ. far ~ Ñ»éíáõÙ. Don’t go too far ~ î³-
íßï³Ý³É. ~ed with the rheumatism Ñá¹³ó³- ÝÇó/Þ³ï Ñ»éáõ ÙÇ ·Ý³:
íÇó ï³Ýçí»É: afire [ə΄faiə] a Ïñ³ÏÇ Ù»ç, μéÝÏí³Í. set ~
affliction [ə΄flik∫n] n ¹Åμ³ËïáõÃÛáõÝ, ÑÇ- Ïñ³Ï ï³É, í³é»É:
í³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝ. help people in ~ Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó û·- aflame [ə΄fleim] a, predic, adv μáó»ñÇ Ù»ç,
Ý»É ¹Åμ³ËïáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÑÇÝ. the ~s of old age μáó³í³éí³Í. set ~ μáó³í³é»É, Ññ¹»Ñ»É:
Í»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: aflat [ə΄flæt] adv ٳϻñ¨áõÛÃÇÝ Ñ³í³ë³ñ,
affluence [΄æfluəns] n ×áËáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳñë- ѳñÃ:
ïáõÃÛáõÝ live in ~ ×áËáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ³åñ»É. afloat [ə΄fləut] a, predic, adv ÍáíÇ/çñÇ íñ³.
rise to ~ ѳñëï³Ý³É: keep ~ ٳϻñ»ëÇ íñ³ ÙݳÉ, ã˻չ-
affluent [΄æfluənt] a ѳñáõëï, ×áË, ³é³ï. í»É/ãëáõ½í»É. ݳíÇ íñ³. life ~ ݳí³ëïáõ
the ~ society ѳÝÁݹѳÝáõñ μ³ñûñáõÃÛ³Ý ÏÛ³Ýù. spend one’s life ~ ÏÛ³ÝùÁ ÍáíáõÙ ³Ýó-
ѳë³ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. in ~ circumstances ³é³ï ϳóÝ»É. be still ~ ¹»é¨ë çñÇ íñ³ ÉÇÝ»É,
å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ: ãëáõ½í»É:
afflux [΄æflΛks] n áõÅ·ÇÝ Ñáëù, Ñáë³Ýù. afoot [ə΄fut] adv ÁÝóóùÇ/ß³ñÅÙ³Ý Ù»ç.
μÅßÏ. ³ñÛáõݳËéÝáõÙ: There is smth ~ ÆÝã-áñ μ³Ý ¿ ݳ˳å³ï-
afford [ə΄fɔ:d] v Ç íÇ׳ÏÇ ÉÇÝ»É, Ñݳñ³íá- ñ³ëïíáõÙ, ¸³í ¿ ÝÛáõÃíáõÙ:
ñáõÃÛáõÝ/ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ áõݻݳÉ. ~ money/time afore [ə΄fɔ:] adv, prep Íáí. ³éç¨áõÙ, ³é³ç£
afore 32 again

afore- [ə΄fɔ:] pref í»ñá-, í»ñÁ£ back »ñμ »ë í»ñ³¹³éݳÙ. soon ~ ßáõïáí.
aforecited [ə΄fɔ:saitid] a í»ñÁ μ»ñí³Í/ í»ñ³¹³éݳÉáõóë Ñ»ïá:
Ýßí³Í: afterbirth [΄a:ftəbə:θ] n ÁÝÏ»ñù£
aforenamed [ə΄fɔ:neimd] a í»ñáÑÇßÛ³É, aftercare [΄a:ftəkeə] n ËݳÙù ÑÇí³Ý¹áõ-
í»ñÁ Ýßí³Í: ÃÛáõÝÇó/ÍÝݹ³μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÇó Ñ»ïá. í»ñ³-
aforethought [ə΄fɔ:θɔ:t] a ϳÝ˳Ùï³Í- ϳݷÝáõÙ. ~ centre í»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝÙ³Ý Ï»Ýï-
í³Í, ¹Çï³íáñÛ³É: ñáÝ:
aforetime [ə΄fɔ:taim] adv ÑÝáõÙ, ³é³ç, ÙÇ aftercrop [΄a:ftəkrɒp] n »ñÏñáñ¹
ųٳݳÏ: μ»ñù/ÑáõÝÓ:
afraid [ə΄freid] a, predic í³Ë»ó³Í. be ~ of aftereffect [΄a:ftəri‚fekt] n ѻ勉ÝùÝ»ñ,
í³Ë»Ý³É. be ~ of smth/smb ﳷݳå»É áñ¨¿ ѻ勉Ýù³ÛÇÝ μ³ñ¹áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ (ÑïÏå.`
μ³ÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. make ~ í³Ë»óÝ»É. I’m ~ not... ¹»Õáñ³ÛùÇ Ñ»ï ϳåí³Í):
ì³Ë»Ý³Ù, áñ áã..: afterglow [΄a:ftəgləu] n í»ñç³ÉáõÛë, Ù³Û-
aframerican [‚æfrə΄merikən] n ³ýñÇÏÛ³Ý ñ³ÙáõïÇ ßáÕ:
³Ù»ñÇϳóÇ. ~ studies ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ë¨³ÙáñÃ- aftergrass [΄a:ftəgra:s] n ³ßݳݳËáï:
Ý»ñÇ å³ïÙáõÃÛ³Ý/·ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ³ÛÉ afterlife [΄a:ftəlaif] n ÏÛ³ÝùÇ í»ñçÇÝ
ѳñó»ñÇÝ ÝíÇñí³Í áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ- ßñç³ÝÁ. ѳݹ»ñÓÛ³É ÏÛ³Ýù:
Ý»ñ/ ¹³ë³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¹³ëÁÝóó: aftermath [΄a:ftəmæθ] n ³ßݳݳËáï.
afresh [ə΄fre∫] adv ÝáñÇó, í»ñëïÇÝ: ÷Ëμ. ѻ勉ÝùÝ»ñ:
African [΄æfrikən] n ³ýñÇϳóÇ, ³ýñÇÏÛ³Ý, afternoon [‚a:ftə΄nu:n] n ó»ñ»Ï, Ï»ëûñÇó
³ýñÇϳϳÝ: Ñ»ïá. in/during the ~ ó»ñ»ÏÁ. this/yester-
afro [΄æfrəu] n ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ë¨³ÙáñÃÝ»ñÇ day/tomorrow ~ ³Ûë/»ñ»Ï/í³ÕÁ ó»ñ»ÏÁ.
á×áí. ~ hairdo/haircut Ù³½»ñÇ ë³Ýñí³Íù, ~ Good ~ ! ´³ñÇ° ûñ. in the late ~ »ñ»ÏáÛ³Ý
clothes ѳ·áõëï ³ýñá á×áí: ÏáÕÙ. in the ~ of life ÏÛ³ÝùÇ í»ñç³ÉáõÛëÇÝ. ~
aft [a:ft] n, adv Íáí. Ë»É, ݳí³Ë»É. ݳíÇ Ñ»- concert/train/flight ó»ñ»Ï³ÛÇÝ Ñ³-
ï³ÏáÕÙáõÙ. go ~, be ~ ݳíÇ Ñ»ï³ÏáÕÙáõÙ: Ù»ñ·/·Ý³óù/ÃéÇãù:
after [΄a:ftə] 1. adv Ñ»ïá, ³í»ÉÇ áõß (ųٳ- afterpiece [΄a:ftəpi:s] n Ý»ñϳ۳óáõÙÇó
ݳÏ). You speak first, I’ll speak ~ Ü³Ë ¹áõ Ñ»ïá ϳñ×³ï¨ å³ñ»ñ ¨ »ñ³ÅßïáõÃÛáõÝ:
ËáëÇñ, Ñ»ïá »ë ϳë»Ù. He left soon ~ afters [΄a:ftəz] n ËëÏó. (׳ßÇó Ñ»ïá) ³Õ³Ý-
¸ñ³ÝÇó Ñ»ïá ݳ ßáõïáí Ù»ÏÝ»ó. 2. prep ¹»ñ, ³Ýáõ߻ջÝ:
Ñ»ïá. ~ dinner/breakfast ׳ßÇó/ݳ˳׳ßÇó aftertaste [΄a:ftəteist] n áõï»Éáõó Ñ»ïá
Ñ»ïá. soon/shortly ~ ³ÝÙÇç³å»ë Ñ»ïá. the Ùݳó³Í ѳÙÁ. ÏáÕÙݳÏÇ/³í»Éáñ¹ ѳ٣
day ~ tomorrow í³ÕÁ ã¿ ÙÛáõë ûñÁ. day ~ day aftertax [΄a:ftətæks] n ѳñÏ»ñÁ å³Ñ»Éáõó
ûñ»óûñ. time ~ time ѳ׳Ë. the next stop ~ Ñ»ïá Ùݳó³Í ¹ñ³ÙÁ. ~ earnings Ù³ùáõñ
this one Ù»Ï Ï³Ý·³éÇó Ñ»ïá. Shut the door ~ ³ß˳ï³í³ñÓ:
you ¸áõéÁ Ñ»ï¨Çó¹ ÷³ÏÇñ. A~ you! ØdzÛÝ afterthought [΄a:ftəθɔ:t] n áõß³ó³Í ÙÇïù.
Ó»½ÝÇó Ñ»ïá, ²Ýó»ù Ëݹñ»Ù. (Ñ»ñÃáõÙ) A~ I had an ~ ºë ¹³ Ñ»ïá Ùï³Í»óÇ:
you ºë Ó»½ÝÇó Ñ»ïá »Ù. (Áëï, ÝÙ³Ýáõ- aftertreatment [΄a:ftə‚tri:tmənt] n Ñ»-
ÃÛ³Ùμ) This is ~ my own heart ê³ ÇÙ ëñïáí ï³·³ Ùß³ÏáõÙ:
¿. dress ~ the latest fashion í»ñçÇÝ Ùá¹³Ûáí afterwards [΄a:ftəwəds] adv Ñ»ïá, ³í»ÉÇ
ѳ·Ýí»É. He takes ~ his father ܳ Çñ ÑáñÝ ¿ áõß, ѻﳷ³ÛáõÙ. I’ll see you ~ Îï»ëÝí»Ýù
ÝÙ³Ý. (Ù³ëÇÝ) ask ~ one’s health Ù»ÏÇ ³éáÕ- ³í»ÉÇ áõß/Ñ»ïá. a year or two ~ ¹ñ³ÝÇó
çáõÃÛ³Ùμ Ñ»ï³ùñùñí»É, Ù³ëÇÝ Ñ³ñóÝ»É. ~ Ù»Ï-»ñÏáõ ï³ñÇ Ñ»ïá, shortly ~ ¹ñ³ÝÇó
all í»ñç Ç í»ñçá. be named ~ smn ³Ýí³Ý»É Ñ»ïá ß³ï ßáõïáí. A~ he was sorry лï³-
Ù»ÏÇ å³ïíÇÝ. ~ Dickens Áëï ¸Çù»ÝëÇ. The ·³Ûáõ٠ݳ ³÷ëáëáõÙ ¿ñ:
police are ~ him àëïÇϳÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ýñ³Ý ¿ again [ə΄gen, ə΄gein] adv ÝáñÇó, ÏñÏÇÝ
÷ÝïñáõÙ. be/get ~ smb. Ù»ÏÇÝ ÷Ýïñ»É/ Ñ»- ¹³ñÓÛ³É. It’s good to be home ~ ƯÝã É³í ¿
ï¨Çó ÁÝÏÝ»É. ÑÙÏñ·. ~-book/journal ÷á÷á- ÝáñÇó ï³ÝÁ ÉÇÝ»É. Try it ~ ÜáñÇó ÷áñÓÇñ.
ËáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ù³ïÛ³Ý. 3. cnj »ñμ. ~ I get now and ~ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ³é ųٳݳÏ. ever and
against 33 agglutination

~ »ñμ»ÙÝ. time and ~ μ³½ÙÇóë. ~ and ~ ageing [eidзiŋ] n ٻͳݳÉÁ, Í»ñ³óáõÙ,


ÏñÏÇÝ áõ ÏñÏÇÝ. over ~ Ù»Ï ³Ý·³Ù ¨ë: Í»ñ³Ý³ÉÁ. the process of ~ Í»ñ³Ý³Éáõ
against [ə΄genst, ə΄geinst] prep ¹»Ù, ѳ- åñáó»ë:
ϳé³Ï. ~ the idea ·³Õ³÷³ñÇÝ ¹»Ù/ѳϳ- ageism [΄eidзizm] n ï³ñÇù³ÛÇÝ áñ¨¿ ËÙμÇ/
é³Ï. ~ the wind ù³ÙáõÝ Ñ³Ï³é³Ï. I have ѳï³Ï³å»ë ٻͳѳë³ÏÝ»ñÇ/Ýϳï-
nothing ~ him Üñ³ ¹»Ù áãÇÝã ãáõÝ»Ù. fight ~ Ù³Ùμ áõÝ»ó³Í ϳÝ˳ϳñÍÇù:
war å³Ûù³ñ»É Áݹ¹»Ù å³ï»ñ³½ÙÇ. an ageless [΄eidзləs] a ï³ñÇù ãáõÝ»óáÕ, ãÍ»ñ³-
injection ~ typhus ëñëÏáõÙ ïÇýÇ ¹»Ù. ~ one’s óáÕ, ѳí»ñÅ. He seems ~ ÂíáõÙ ¿, û ݳ ãÇ
interest ߳ѻñÇÝ ¹»Ù. (ѳٳñ) save ~ a rainy Í»ñ³ÝáõÙ/ï³ñÇù ãáõÝÇ. Shakespeare’s trage-
day ë¨ ûñí³ Ñ³Ù³ñ Ñ»ï ¹Ý»É. buy food in ~ dies are~ Þ»ùëåÇñÇ áÕμ»ñ·áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ѳ-
the arrival of guests ·ÝáõÙÝ»ñ ϳï³ñ»É í»ñÅ »Ý:
ÑÛáõñ»ñÇÝ ÁݹáõÝ»Éáõ ѳٳñ. (ѻݳñ³Ý, agenc/y [΄eidзənsi] n ·áñͳϳÉáõÃÛáõÝ, tra-
ýáÝ) The man leant ~ the wall سñ¹Á å³ïÇÝ vel/tourist ~ ïáõñÇëï³Ï³Ý/׳Ù÷áñ¹³Ï³Ý
Ñ»Ýí»ó. ~ the bright sky å³ÛÍ³é »ñÏÝùÇ ·áñͳϳÉáõÃÛáõÝ. employment ~ ³ß˳-
ýáÝÇ íñ³. The ship ran ~ the rock ܳíÁ ï³ÝùÇ μÛáõñá. coordinating ~ ѳٳϳñ·áÕ
μ³Ëí»ó ųÛéÇÝ/ËáõÃÇÝ. He struck his foot ~ Ù³ñÙÇÝ. government ~ies ϳé³í³ñ³Ï³Ý
the stone àïùÁ ù³ñÇÝ Ë÷»ó: ѳëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ/Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñ. by/through
agape [ə΄geip] a, predic, adv μ»ñ³ÝÁ μ³ó: the ~ of û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ, ÙÇçáóáí:
agaric [΄ægərik] n μëμ. ÃÇûճëáõÝÏ: agenda [ə΄dзendə] n pl ûñ³Ï³ñ·. an item on
agate [΄ægət] n ³·³ï: the ~ ûñ³Ï³ñ·Ç Ï»ïÁ. the ~ as it stands ûñ³-
age [eidз] n ѳë³Ï, ï³ñÇù. at an early/advan- ϳñ·Ý ³é³Ýó ÷á÷áËáõÃÛ³Ý (ÇÝãå»ë áñ
ced ~ í³Õ/ѳëáõÝ ï³ñÇùáõÙ. at the ~ of ten ϳ):
ï³ëÁ ï³ñ»Ï³Ý ѳë³ÏáõÙ. be of middle ~ agent [΄eidзənt] n ·áñͳϳÉ, ÙÇçÝáñ¹. insu-
ÙÇçÇÝ ï³ñÇùÇ ÉÇÝ»É. school ~ ¹åñáó³Ï³Ý rance/commercial/local ~ ³å³Ñáí³·ñ³Ï³Ý/
ï³ñÇù., come of ~ ï³ñÇùÝ ³éÝ»É. She is ³é¨ïñ³Ï³Ý/ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ·áñͳϳÉ. publi-
twice your ~ ܳ ù»½ÝÇó »ñÏáõ ³Ý·³Ù Ù»Í city ~ ·áí³½¹³ÛÇÝ ·áñͳϳÉ. travelling ~
¿. be of ~ ã³÷³Ñ³ë ÉÇÝ»É. become of ~ ï³- ׳Ù÷áñ¹áÕ ³é¨ïñ³Ï³Ý. shipping ~
ñÇùÝ ³éÝ»É. old ~ Í»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. (¹³ñ, ¿åá- Ý³í³·Ý³óáõÃÛ³Ý ·áñͳϳÉ. diplomatic ~
˳) Early Stone ~ í³Õ ù³ñÇ ¹³ñ. Golden ~ ¹Çí³Ý³·Çï³Ï³Ý Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇã, com-
áëÏ»¹³ñ., the Middle ~s ÙÇçÇÝ ¹³ñ»ñ. ~ mission ~ ÙÇçÝáñ¹ ³é¨ïñ³Ï³Ý. sole ~
long ¹³ñ³íáñ. ~ resistant ï³ñÇù³¹ÇÙ³ó- ÙÇ³Ï ÙÇçÝáñ¹ ³é¨ïñ³Ï³Ý. advance ~
ÏáõÝ, ãÍ»ñ³óáÕ. proof of ~ ï³ñÇùÁ ѳë- å³Ûٳݳ·Çñ ÏÝùáÕ ·áñͳϳÉ. forwarding
ï³ïáÕ ÷³ëï³ÃáõÕÃ. the ~ of Shakespeare ~ ³é³ùÇã, ¿ùë廹Çïáñ. act as smb’s ~ ·áñ-
Þ»ùëåÇñÇ ¹³ñ³ßñç³ÝÁ. for ~s ¹³ñ»ñ ß³- Í»É áñå»ë Ù»ÏÇ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇã/Ù»ÏÇ Ý»ñ-
ñáõݳÏ. ~ limit ï³ñÇù³ÛÇÝ ë³Ñٳݳ÷³- ϳ۳óáõóÇãÁ ÉÇÝ»É. chemical ~ ùÇÙdzϳÝ
ÏáõÙ. We waited an ~/for ~s ØÇ ³ÙμáÕç ѳ- ÝÛáõÃ, 黳ÏïÇí. (·áñÍáÝ) Rain and snow are
í»ñÅáõÃÛáõÝ ëå³ë»óÇÝù. ~s ago ß³ï í³- natural ~s ²ÝÓñ¨Á ¨ ÓÛáõÝÁ μÝ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáÝ-
Õáõó: Ý»ñ »Ý. secret-service ~ Ñ»ï³Ëáõ½áõÃÛ³Ý
age [eidз]1. v Í»ñ³Ý³É. The experience ~d him ·áñͳϳÉ. estate ~ ³Ýß³ñÅ ·áõÛùÇ ·áñͳ-
²åñáõÙÝ»ñÁ Ýñ³Ý Í»ñ³óñÇÝ. He has greatly ϳÉ:
~d ܳ Ýϳï»ÉÇáñ»Ý Í»ñ³ó»É ¿. 2. a ~-long agglomerate [ə΄glɒməreit] v ÅáÕáí»É, Ïáõ-
¹³ñ³íáñ. ~ -old ÑÇÝ, í³Õ»ÙÇ, ¹³ñ³íáñ. ï³Ï»É, ¹Ç½»É (½³Ý·í³ÍÇ Ó¨áí):
the ~ dream of men Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó ¹³ñ³íáñ agglomeration [ə‚glɒmə΄rei∫n] n Ïáõï³-
»ñ³½³ÝùÁ: ÏáõÙ, ¹Ç½áõÙ (ѳ׳˪ ÑÇÝ, ó÷Ã÷í³Í
aged [eidзd] a ï³ñÇùáí, ï³ñ»ó. Í»ñ. the ~ Çñ»ñÇ). ï»Ë. ³·ÉáÙ»ñ³ódz:
and elderly ï³ñ»óÝ»ñ ¨ Í»ñ»ñ. (ï³ñ»Ï³Ý) agglutinate [ə΄glu:tineit] 1. v Ïó»É, ëáëÝÓ»É,
a boy ~ 15 -15 ï³ñ»Ï³Ý ïÕ³£ ÏåóÝ»É. 2. [ə΄glu:tinət] a ëáëÝÓ³Í, É»½í.
age group [΄eidзgru:p] n ï³ñÇù³ÛÇÝ Ïó³Ï³Ý. ~ languages Ïó³Ï³Ý É»½áõÝ»ñ:
ËáõÙμ: agglutination [ə‚glu:ti΄nei∫n] n Ïó»ÉÁ,
agglutinative 34 agon/y

ÏåóÝ»ÉÁ. É»½í. Ïó³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ÏóáõÙ: agitate [΄ædзiteit] Ñáõ½»É, ·ñ·é»É. She was
agglutinative [ə΄glu:tinətiv] a ÏåãáõÝ, deeply ~d ܳ ËÇëï Ñáõ½í³Í ¿ñ (˳éÝ»É,
Ù³ÍáõóÇÏ. É»½í. Ïó³Ï³Ý: ó÷³Ñ³ñ»É) (Ñ»ÕáõÏÁ) ~ for/against ³·Ç-
aggrandize [ə΄grændaiz] v ٻͳóÝ»É, ï³ódz ï³Ý»É (û·ïÇÝ/Áݹ¹»Ù). Workers ~d
áõŻճóÝ»É, μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É. ã³÷³½³ÝóÝ»É: for higher wages ´³ÝíáñÝ»ñÁ ³·Çï³ódz
aggravate [΄ægrəveit] v Ëáñ³óÝ»É, ëñ»É, ¿ÇÝ ï³ÝáõÙ μ³ñÓñ ³ß˳ï³í³ñÓÇ Ñ³-
ë³ëïϳóÝ»É. ͳÝñ³óÝ»É, í³ïóñ³óÝ»É. Ù³ñ:
~ an offence Ëáñ³óÝ»É/ͳÝñ³óÝ»É íÇñ³íá- agitated [΄ædзiteitid] a Ñáõ½í³Í, ³Ý-
ñ³ÝùÁ. ~ an illness ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝÁ ëñí»É/ ѳݷëï³ó³Í, ·ñ·éí³Í:
ͳÝñ³Ý³É. ~ smn beyomd endurance Ù»ÏÇÝ agitating [΄ædзiteitiŋ] a Ñáõ½áÕ, ³ÝѳݷÁë-
³Ýï³Ý»ÉÇ ½³Ûñ³óÝ»É: ï³óÝáÕ:
aggravating [΄ægrəveitiŋ] a ͳÝñ³óÝáÕ, agitation [‚ædзi΄tei∫n] n Ñáõ½ÙáõÝù, ³Ý-
ë³ëïϳóÝáÕ. í³ïóñ³óÝáÕ. an ~ child ѳݷëïáõÃÛáõÝ, ËéáíáõÃÛáõÝ. nervous ~
ß³ï ͳÝñ »ñ»Ë³. How ~! ²÷ëá¯ë: Ý»ñí³ÛÇÝ Ñáõ½ÙáõÝù. keep in ~ Ùßï³Ï³Ý
aggravation [‚ægrə΄vei∫n] n ͳÝñ³óáõÙ, ³ÝѳݷÇëï íÇ׳ÏáõÙ å³Ñ»É. be in state of
Ëáñ³óáõÙ, í³ïóñ³óáõÙ. ~ circumstances great ~ ËÇëï Ñáõ½í³Í ÉÇÝ»É. The sea is in ~
ͳÝñ³óáõóÇã ѳݷ³Ù³ÝùÝ»ñ: ÌáíÝ ³ÝѳݷÇëï ¿. ùÕù. (³·Çï³ódz)
aggregate [΄ægrigeit]1. v ѳí³ù»É, Ùdzó- carry on ~ for/against ÙÇ μ³ÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ/¹»Ù
Ý»É áñå»ë Ù»Ï ³ÙμáÕçáõÃÛáõÝ 2. n ³ÙμáÕ- ³·Çï³ódz í³ñ»É:
çáõÃÛáõÝ, Ïáõï³ÏáõÙ. in the ~ áñå»ë ³Ù- agitator [΄ædзiteitə] n ³Ýϳñ·áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ
μáÕçáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ÙμáÕçáõÃÛ³Ùμ. ~ forces Ññ³ÑñáÕ. ï»Ë. ˳éÝÇã. ùÕù. ³·Çï³ïáñ:
ÙdzóÛ³É áõÅ»ñ: aglow [ə΄gləu] a, predic, adv ßÇÏݳÍ, ß³-
aggregation [‚ægri΄gei∫n] n ½³Ý·í³Í, é³·áõݳÍ, μáñμáùí³Í. Her cheeks are ~
˳éÝáõñ¹: with health Üñ³ ³Ûï»ñÁ í³éíáõÙ »Ý
aggression [ə΄gre∫n] n ѳñÓ³ÏáõÙ, ³·ñ»- ³éáÕçáõÃÛáõÝÇó£
ëdz. direct ~ ³ÝÙÇç³Ï³Ý ѳñÓ³ÏáõÙ: war agnate [΄ægneit] 1. n ³½·³Ï³Ý ³ÙáõëÝáõ
of ~ ³·ñ»ëÇí å³ï»ñ³½Ù£ ÏáÕÙÇó. 2. a ³½·³Ïó³Ï³Ý:
aggressive [ə΄gresiv] a ѳñÓ³ÏáճϳÝ, agnostic [æg΄nɒstik] n ÷ÇÉ. ³·ÝáëïÇÏ:
³·ñ»ëÇí. ~ war/policy ѳñÓ³ÏáÕ³Ï³Ý agnosticism [æg΄nɒstisizm] n ÷ÇÉ. ³·Ýáë-
å³ï»ñ³½Ù/ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. (³ÏïÇí, ïÇóǽÙ:
»é³Ý¹áõÝ) ~ defence ³ÏïÇí å³ßïå³Ýáõ- ago [ə΄gəu] adv ³é³ç. a year/month/ten weeks
ÃÛáõÝ (ѳݹáõ·Ý, íñ¹áí»óáõóÇã) ~ manner/ ~ ÙÇ ï³ñÇ/³ÙÇë/ï³ëÁ ß³μ³Ã ³é³ç long
tone/person ѳݹáõ·Ý í³ñù³·ÇÍ/ïáÝ/³ÝÓ: ~ í³Õáõó. not long ~ í»ñç»ñë, áã ß³ï
aggressor [ə΄gresə] n ½³íÃÇã, ѳñÓ³ÏíáÕ í³Õáõó. How long ~ was that? ²Û¹ »±ñμ ¿ñ. a
ÏáÕÙ. ³·ñ»ëáñ: long while ~ í³Õáõó. no longer ~ than last Sun-
aggrieve [ə΄gri:v] v íßï³óÝ»É, íÇñ³íáñ»É. day áã áõß ù³Ý ³ÝóÛ³É ÏÇñ³ÏÇ:
be ~d íßï³Ý³É. feel ~d íÇñ³íáñí»É, íÇñ³- agog [ə΄gɒg] a, predic, adv Ñáõ½í³Í, ³ÝѳÙ-
íáñí³Í ½·³É. Çñ³í. ~d party ïáõÅáÕ ÏáÕÙ: μ»ñ. ~ for news ³ÝѳÙμ»ñ ëå³ë»É Ýáñáõ-
aghast [ə΄ga:st] a, predic ë³ñë³÷³Í, ½³ñ- ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ. Everybody was ~ ´áÉáñÁ Ñáõ½í³Í
Ñáõñ³Í. stand ~ ë³ñë³÷³Ñ³ñ ÉÇÝ»É. He ¿ÇÝ:
was ~ at the news ²Û¹ ÉáõñÁ Ýñ³Ý ³åß»óñ»ó/ a-go-go [ə΄gəugəu] ËëÏó. áã Ù»Í ¹ÇëÏáï»Ï.
ë³ñë³÷»óñ»ó: ã³÷Çó ³í»ÉÇ Ùá¹³ÛÇÏ:
agile [΄ædзail] a ׳ñåÇÏ, ³ñ³·³ß³ñÅ. an ~ a-going [ə΄gəuiŋ] a, predic, adv ß³ñÅÙ³Ý/ ÁÝ-
mind ³ßËáõÛÅ ÙÇïù. mentally ~ ³ßËáõÛÅ/ óóùÇ Ù»ç. set ~ ³ß˳ï»óÝ»É/·áñÍÇ ¹Ý»É:
³éáõÛ· Ùïùáí. He is ~ for such an old man Æñ agoniz/e [΄ægənaiz] v ï³Ýçí»É, Ñá·»í³ñùÇ
ï³ñÇùÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ μ³í³Ï³Ý ³ñ³·³ß³ñÅ ¿. Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É. ~ -ing shrieks ï³é³å³ÉÇó ×Çã»ñ:
as ~ as a squirrel ëÏÛáõéÇ å»ë ׳ñåÇÏ: agonized [΄ægənaizd] a ï³Ýç³ÉÇó. an ~ look
agility [ə΄dзiləti] n ׳ñåÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ñ³- ï³Ýç³ÉÇó ѳ۳óù:
·³ß³ñÅáõÃÛáõÝ. ³ßËáõÅáõÃÛáõÝ£ agon/y [΄ægəni] n ï³Ýç³Ýù, ã³ñã³ñ³Ýù. ~
agrarian 35 aid

of despair Ñáõë³Ñ³ïáõÃÛ³Ý ï³é³å³Ýù. å³Ûٳݳ·ÇñÁ ã»ÕÛ³É Ñ³Ù³ñ»É. approve/


(áõÅ»Õ ó³í) She was in ~ with her broken leg disapprove an ~ å³Ûٳݳ·ñÇÝ Ñ³í³Ýáõ-
Îáïñí³Í áïùÁ Ýñ³Ý ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ ó³í ¿ñ ÃÛáõÝ ï³É/ãï³É. working ~ ·áñÍáÕ å³Û-
å³ï׳éáõÙ. suffer ~ies with toothache ٳݳ·Çñ. denunciation of an ~ å³ÛÙ³-
³ï³ÙÇ ó³íÇó ï³é³å»É. in an ~ of suspen- ݳ·ÇñÁ ã»ÕÛ³É Ñ³Ûï³ñ³ñ»É. gentleman’s ~
se ³ÝѳÛïáõÃÛáõÝÇó ï³Ýçí»É. (Ñá·»í³ñù) ¹íÝ·. ç»ÝïÉÙ»Ý³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
the ~ of death Ù³Ñí³Ý Ñá·»í³ñù. the ~ co- agricultural [‚ægri΄kΛlt∫rəl] a ·ÛáõÕ³-
lumn ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ³ÝѳÛï ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý, ÑáÕ³·áñͳϳÝ. an ~ expert
Ïáñ³ÍÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ (Éñ³·ñáõÙ): ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ë:
agrarian [ə΄greəriən] a ÑáÕ³ÛÇÝ, ÑáÕ³- agriculture [΄ægrikΛlt∫ə] n ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»-
·áñͳϳÝ. ~ laws ÑáÕ³ÛÇÝ ûñ»ÝùÝ»ñ/ Çñ³- ëáõÃÛáõÝ, ÑáÕ³·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ. modern/back-
íáõÝù: ward/developed ~ ųٳݳϳÏÇó/Ñ»ï³-
agree [ə΄gri:] v ѳٳӳÛÝí»É. ~ to smb’s pro- Ùݳó/½³ñ·³ó³Í ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ.
posal ³é³ç³ñÏÇÝ Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝí»É. ~ at once/ branches of ~ ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý ×ÛáõÕ»ñ.
willingly/reluctantly/readily ³ÝÙÇç³å»ë/ ѳ- be engaged in ~ ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ùμ
×áõÛùáí/³Ï³Ù³ÛÇó/å³ïñ³ëï³Ï³Ùáñ»Ý ½μ³Õí»É:
ѳٳӳÛÝí»É. (ϳñ·³íáñ»É, å³Ûٳݳ- agro-industry [‚ægrəu΄indəstri] n ·ÛáõÕ³-
íáñí»É) We ~d to go there Ø»Ýù å³Ûٳݳ- ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ³ñ¹Ûáõݳμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
íáñí»óÇÝù ·Ý³É ³ÛÝï»Õ. ~ on all the agronomics [‚ægrəu΄nɒmiks] n pl Ñá-
questions ϳñ·³íáñ»É μáÉáñ ѳñó»ñÁ. at the Õ³·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ:
~d time å³Ûٳݳíáñí³Í ųٳݳÏ. agronomy [ə΄grɒnəmi] n ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ëáõ-
Agreed! ä³Ûٳݳíáñí»óÇ°Ýù. It was ~d that ÃÛáõÝ, ÑáÕ³·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ:
... àñáßí»ó, áñ... (ѳٳå³ï³ë˳ݻÉ) The aground [ə΄graund] a, predic (ݳíÇ Ù³ëÇÝ)
story doesn’t ~ with the facts ä³ïÙ³ÍÁ ãÇ Ñ³- ͳÝͳÕáõïÇ íñ³. be ~ ͳÝͳÕáõïÇ Ù»ç
Ù³å³ï³ë˳ÝáõÙ ÷³ëï»ñÇÝ. Wine Ýëï³Í ÉÇÝ»É/ͳÝͳÕáõïáõÙ ÉÇÝ»É:
doesn’t ~ with me ¶ÇÝÇÝ ÇÝÓ íÝ³ë ¿. The ague [΄eigju:] n ٳɳñdz, ¹áÕ, ç»ñÙ:
climate doesn’t ~ with her ܳ í³ï ¿ ï³ÝáõÙ aguish [΄eigjui∫] a ٳɳñdzÛÇ, ٳɳ-
³Ûë ÏÉÇÙ³Ý: ñdzϳÝ:
agreeable [ə΄gri:əbl] a ѳ׻ÉÇ, ¹áõñ»Ï³Ý. ~ ah [a:] int ³¯Ë:
person ѳ׻ÉÇ Ù³ñ¹. an ~ voice ѳ׻ÉÇ aha [a:΄ha:] int ÁÑÁ:
Ó³ÛÝ. (ѳٳӳÛÝ) be ~ to ѳٳӳÛÝí»É. ~ ahead [ə΄hed] a, predic, adv ³é³ç, ³éç¨áõÙ.
to all μáÉáñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ÁݹáõÝ»ÉÇ. an ~ surprise Tom is ~ ÂáÙÁ ³éç¨áõÙ ¿. have much time ~
ѳ׻ÉÇ ½³ñÙ³Ýù. make oneself ~ ç³Ý³É ³éç¨áõÙ ß³ï Å³Ù³Ý³Ï áõݻݳÉ. run on ~
¹áõñ ·³É. (ѳٳå³ï³ë˳Ý) ~ to the stan- ³é³ç í³½»É. Look ~ ²é³ç ݳÛÇñ. Go ~
dards ëï³Ý¹³ñïÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ë- ²é³ç ³ÝóÇñ, Þ³ñáõݳÏÇñ. go ~ of (Ù»ÏÇó)
˳Ý. ~ to the order of the day ûñ³Ï³ñ·ÇÝ ³é³ç ³ÝóÝ»É. go ~ with one’s plans åɳÝ-
ѳٳå³ï³ë˳Ý: Ý»ñÝ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É. Things are going ~
agreeably [ə΄gri:əbli] adv ѳ׻ÉÇ, ѳٳ- ¶áñÍ»ñÁ É³í »Ý ·ÝáõÙ. full steam ~ ÉÇ
Ó³ÛÝ, ѳٳå³ï³ë˳Ý: ÁÝóóùáí ³é³ç ·Ý³É. ~ of time ųٳݳ-
agreement [ə΄gri:mənt] n ѳٳӳÛݳ- ÏÇó ßáõï. You have your whole life ~ of you
·Çñ/å³Ûٳݳ·Çñ. trading/mutual ~ ³é¨ï- ²ÙμáÕç ÏÛ³Ýù¹ ³éç¨áõÙ ¿:
ñ³Ï³Ý/÷á˳¹³ñÓ å³Ûٳݳ·Çñ. wage ~ aheap [ə΄hi:p] adv ÏáõÛï ³ñ³Í/¹Ç½í³Í:
í³ñÓ³ïñ³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³Ó³Ûݳ·Çñ. make, con- ahem [həm] int ÑÁÙ:
clude/sign/break/have an ~ ÏÝù»É/ëïáñ³·ñ»É/ ahorse (back) [ə΄hɔ:s (bæk)] adv ÓÇ Ñ»Í³Í,
˳Ëï»É/áõÝ»Ý³É å³Ûٳݳ·Çñ. carry out ÓÇáõ íñ³:
an ~ å³Ûٳݳ·Çñ Çñ³·áñÍ»É. under the aid [eid] 1. n û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ/ûųݹ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ.
terms of ~ Áëï å³Ûٳݳ·ñÇ, ѳٳӳÛÝ urgent/selfless/financial/military ~ ßï³å/ ³Ý-
å³Ûٳݳ·ñÇ Ï»ï»ñÇ. come to/arrive at/ ߳ѳë»ñ/ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý/é³½Ù³Ï³Ý û·Ýáõ-
reach an ~ ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý ·³É. annul an ~ ÃÛáõÝ. render/lend ~ to smb û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ óáõÛó
aide-de camp 36 air-borne

ï³É. come to smb’s ~ û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ëÝ»É. open~ university μ³ó ѳٳÉë³ñ³Ý. There is
by/with the ~ of û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ. in ~ of Ç û·Ýáõ- no ~ in the room ê»ÝÛ³ÏáõÙ ßÝã»Éáõ û¹ ãϳ.
ÃÛáõÝ. What’s all this in ~ of ? ÆÝãDZ ѳٳñ ¿ The dog sniffed the ~ ÞáõÝÁ Ñáïáï»ó (û¹Á).
³Ûë μáÉáñÁ. pl ~s (ë³ñù, Ó»éݳñÏ). audio- jump into the ~ í»ñ Ãéã»É. Spring is in the ~
visual ~s ÉëáճϳÝ/¹ÇïáÕ³Ï³Ý ÙÇçáó- ¶³ñÝ³Ý Ñáï ¿ ·³ÉÇë/ú¹áõÙ ·³ñáõÝ ¿. clear
Ý»ñ/åÇïáõÛùÝ»ñ. ~ to navigation Íáí³·Ý³- the ~ ÙÃÝáÉáñïÇ É³ñí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ í»ñ³óÝ»É.
óáõÃÛ³Ý Ó»éݳñÏ, Ý³í³·Ý³óáõÃÛ³Ý travel by ~ ÇÝùݳÃÇéáí ׳Ù÷áñ¹»É/·Ý³É.
(ë³ñù³íáñáõÙ). visual ~s ¹ÇïáÕ³Ï³Ý plans in the ~ ³Ýáñáß åɳÝÝ»ñ. vanish/
ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ. μÅßÏ. first ~ ³é³çÇÝ û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. disappear into thin ~ ϳñÍ»ë ·»ïÝÇ ï³ÏÝ
first ~ station ³é³çÇÝ û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³Û³Ý. ³ÝóÝ»É. walk on ~ áïù»ñÇ ï³Ï ÑáÕ ã½·³É
~ing and abetting Çñ³í. ѳÝó³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ. 2. (ϳñÍ»ë û¹áõÙ Ãéã»É). One can’t live on ~
v û·Ý»É, ³ç³Ïó»É: ú¹áí ã»ë ³åñÇ. (é³¹Çá) on the ~ é³¹ÇáÛáí.
aide-de camp [‚eiddə΄ka:mp] n (pl aides-de- be on the ~ é³¹ÇáÛáí ѳÕáñ¹»É/»ÉáõÛÃ
camp) ѳÙѳñ½, ³¹Ûáõï³Ýï: áõݻݳÉ. What is on the ~? ƱÝã »Ý
AIDS [eidz] (acquired immunity deficiency) ѳÕáñ¹áõÙ. beat the ~ çáõñ ͻͻÉ. saw the ~
ÒƲÐ. ~ sufferers ÒƲР–áí ï³é³åáÕÝ»ñ: Ëáë»ÉÇë Ó»éù»ñÁ ó÷³Ñ³ñ»É:
aigrette [΄eigret] n ÷»ïñ³÷áõÝç, ÷»ïñ» air [eə] a û¹³ÛÇÝ, ³ídzóÇáÝ. ~ terminal û¹³-
½³ñ¹³ñ³Ýù. ï»Ë. ׳鳷³ÛÃÝ»ñÇ ÷áõÝç/ ݳí³Ï³Û³Ý. ~ crew ÇÝùݳÃÇéÇ ³ÝÓݳ-
ËáõñÓ: ϳ½Ù. ~ accident û¹³ÛÇÝ ³Õ»ï. ~ raid û¹³-
ail [eil] v ³Ýѳݷëï³óÝ»É, ó³í å³ï׳é»É. ÛÇÝ Ñ³ñÓ³ÏáõÙ. ~ raid shelter ·³½³å³ë-
ÑÇí³Ý¹³Ý³É. an ~ing child ÑÇí³Ý¹áï »ñ»- ï³ñ³Ý. ~ raid warning û¹³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ñÓ³ÏÙ³Ý
˳: ﳷݳå. ~ arm/force é³½Ù³-û¹³ÛÇÝ áõ-
ailing [΄eiliŋ] n, a ³ÝѳݷëïáõÃÛáõÝ, ïϳ- Å»ñ. »ñÅß. (Ù»Õ»¹Ç, ³ñdz) (³ñï³ùÇÝ
ñáõÃÛáõÝ. í³ï³éáÕç, ÑÇí³Ý¹: ï»ëù, Ï»ñå³ñ³Ýù, Ó¨) decisive/businesslike
ailment [΄eilmənt] n í³ï³éáÕçáõÃÛáõÝ: ~ í×é³Ï³Ý/·áñÍÝ³Ï³Ý ï»ëù. with an ~ of
aim [eim] n Ýå³ï³Ï, Ùï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ, importance/mystery ϳñ¨áñ, Ý߳ݳϳÉÇó/
Ó·ïáõÙ. main/basic/noble/political ~ ·É˳- ËáñÑñ¹³íáñ ï»ëùáí. ~s and graces ë»Ã¨»-
íáñ/ ÑÇÙݳϳÝ/³½ÝÇí/ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý Ýå³- óÝù. put on/assume/give oneself ~s »ñ¨³-
ï³Ï. reach/ achieve/gain one’s ~ Ýå³ï³ÏÇÝ Ï³Û»É:
ѳëÝ»É. set/persue an ~ Ýå³ï³Ï ¹Ý»É. with air [eə] v û¹³÷áË»É. ãáñ³óÝ»É. ~ the room
the ~ of Ýå³ï³Ïáí. (Ý߳ݳéáõÃÛáõÝ) take ~ ë»ÝÛ³ÏÁ û¹³÷áË»É. ~ clothes ѳ·áõëïÁ/
Ýß³Ý μéÝ»É. take a good/unerring ~ ¹ÇåáõÏ ëåÇï³Ï»Õ»ÝÁ û¹ÇÝ ï³É/ãáñ³óÝ»É (Ç
Ïñ³Ï»É. take careful ~ ËݳÙùáí Ýß³Ý μéÝ»É. óáõÛó ¹Ý»É) ~ one’s knowledge ·Çï»ÉÇùÝ»ñÝ
miss one’s ~ íñÇå»É: Ç óáõÛó ¹Ý»É. ~ one’s grievances μ³ËïÇó
aim [eim] v Ýß³Ý μéÝ»É. ~ at a target/the bird ·³Ý·³ïí»É:
ÃÇñ³ËÇÝ/ÃéãÝÇ íñ³ Ýß³Ý μéÝ»É. (áõÕÕ»É) air-balloon [΄eəbə‚lu:n] n û¹³å³ñÇÏ,
The gun was ~ed at him Ðñ³½»ÝÁ áõÕÕí³Í ¿ñ ³»ñáëï³ï:
Ýñ³ íñ³. The remark was ~ed at me ¸Ç- air-barrage [΄eə΄bæra:з] n û¹³ÛÇÝ ³ñ·»-
ïáÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÇÝÓ ¿ñ áõÕÕí³Í. Foreign policy ɳ÷³Ïáó£
~s at... ²ñï³ùÇÝ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ air-base [΄eəbeis] n ³íÇ³μ³½³. ~ service
áõÕÕí³Í ¿... (Ó·ï»É, Ýå³ï³Ï ¹Ý»É) ~ ³íÇ³μ³½³ÛÇ Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ squadroon
deliberately/consciously/vainly Ùï³¹ñí³Í/·Ç- é½Ù. ³íÇ³μ³½³ÛÇ ¿ëϳ¹ñáÝ.~ bed ÷ãáíÇ
ï³Ïóáñ»Ý/ǽáõñ Ó·ï»É. He is ~ing at Ý»ñùݳϣ
becoming a doctor ܳ Ó·ïáõÙ ¿/Ýå³ï³Ï air-bladder [΄eə‚blædə] n ÉáÕ³÷³Ù÷áõßï:
áõÝÇ μÅÇßÏ ¹³éݳÉ. ~ high μ³ñÓñÇÝ Ó·ï»É: air-blast [΄eəbla:st] n û¹³ÙÕáõÙ, û¹Ç Ñá-
aimless [΄eimləs] a ³ÝÝå³ï³Ï£ ë³Ýù:
air [eə] n û¹. ûè ù³ÙÇ. ½»÷Ûáõé clean/ air boat [΄eəbəut] n ÇÝùݳÃÇéÇ ß³ñÅÇãáí
fresh/cold/rarefied ~ Ù³ùáõñ. óñÙ/ë³éÁ/ ݳí³Ï:
Ýáëñ³óí³Í û¹ in the open ~ μ³óû¹Û³. air-borne [΄eəbɔ:n] a û¹áí ï»Õ³÷áËíáÕ,
air-brake 37 a la carte

ÃéãáÕ. ~ troops û¹³ÛÇÝ ¹»ë³Ýï: air-monger [΄eə‚mΛŋgə] n »ñ¨³Ï³Û³ÙáÉ,


air-brake [΄eəbreik] n û¹³×Ýß³Ï³Ý ³ñ·»- ý³Ýï³½Ûáñ:
ɳÏ: air-pirate [‚eə΄paiərət] n û¹³Ý³í ³é¨³Ý-
air –bus [΄eəbΛs] n ³»ñáμáõë: ·áÕ, û¹³Ñ»Ý:
air-castle [΄eə΄ka:sl] n û¹³ÛÇÝ ³ÙñáóÝ»ñ: airplane [΄eəplein] n ÇÝùݳÃÇé, ë³í³é-
air-cav(alry) [΄eə΄kæv(əlri) ] n é½Ù. û¹³- ݳϣ
ÛÇÝ/³ídz ¹»ë³Ýï: air-pocket [΄eə‚pɒkit] n û¹³ÛÇÝ ÷áë,
air-chamber [΄eə‚t∫eimbə] n û¹³Ëáõó, û¹³÷áë. hit an ~ û¹³÷áëÇ Ù»ç ÁÝÏÝ»É:
û¹³ËóÇÏ: air-port [΄eəpɔ:t] n û¹³Ý³í³Ï³Û³Ý:
air-channel [΄eə΄t∫ænl] n û¹³÷áËÇã air-proof [΄eəpru:f] a ³Ýû¹³ÝóÇÏ, Ñ»ñÙ»-
ËáÕáí³Ï: ïÇÏ (ݳ¨ª air-tight):
air-conditioner [΄eəkəndi∫nə] n û¹áñ³ÏÇã, air-raid [΄eəreid] n û¹³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ñÓ³ÏáõÙ:
ÏáݹÇóÇáÝ»ñ: air-route [΄eəru:t] n ³ídz·ÇÍ, û¹³ÛÇÝ ×³-
air-cooling [΄eə‚ku:liŋ] n û¹Ç ë³é»óáõÙ: ݳå³ñÑ:
aircraft [΄eəkra:ft] n ÇÝùݳÃÇé. Ñíù. air-screw [΄eəskru:] n û¹³åïáõï³Ï, åñá-
³ídzódz. ~ carrier ³ídzÏÇñ ݳí: å»ÉÉ»ñ:
aircrash [΄eəkræ∫] n û¹³ÛÇÝ ³Õ»ï: air-ship [΄eə∫ip] n û¹³Ý³í, ¹ÇñÇųμÉ:
air-crew [΄eəkru:] n ÇÝùݳÃÇéÇ ³ÝÓ- air-sick [΄eəsik] n ëñï˳éÝáõù ÃéÇãùÇó:
ݳϳ½Ù: air-space [΄eəspeis] n é³¹ÇáϳåÇ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ:
air-cushion [΄eə‚ku∫n] n û¹áí Éóñ³Í/÷ãáíÇ air-strip [΄eəstrip] n ÃéÇãùÇ/í³Ûñ¿çùÇ Ñ³ñ-
μ³ñÓ. ~ vehicle û¹³ÛÇÝ ÷á˳¹ñ³Ùççáó: óÏ:
air-defence [΄eədi΄fens] n ѳϳû¹³ÛÇÝ airtel [eətel] n û¹³Ý³í³Ï³Û³ÝÇ ÑÛáõñ³Ýáó:
å³ßïå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: air-time [΄eətaim] n é³¹Çá/Ñ»éáõëï³-
air-depot/park [΄eə΄depəu/pa:k] n ³Ý·³ñ: ï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý áñáß³ÏÇ Ñ³Õáñ¹Ù³Ý ų-
air-drome [΄eədrəum] n û¹³Ý³í³Ï³Û³Ý: ÙÁ/ï¨áÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ. It is three minutes to ~
air-exhauster [΄eərigzɔ:stə] n û¹³Ýóù, ØÇÝ㨠ѳÕáñ¹Ù³Ý ëÏǽμÁ »ñ»ù ñáå» ¿
ç»ñÙ³Ýóù: Ùݳó»É:
air-field [΄eəfi:ld] n û¹³Ý³í³Ï³Û³Ý: air-unit [΄eə‚ju:nit] n ³ídz½áñ³Ù³ë:
air-ga(u)ge [΄eəgeidз] n Ù³ÝáÙ»ïñ: airway [΄eəwei] n û¹³ÛÇÝ áõÕÇ, áõÕ»·ÇÍ:
air-gun [΄eəgΛn] n û¹³ÓÇ· Ññ³ó³Ý: air-woman [΄eə‚wumən] n ÏÇÝ û¹³ãáõ:
air-highway [΄eə΄haiwei] n û¹³ÛÇÝ áõÕÇ, airworthy [΄eə‚wə:θi] a ÃéÇãùÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ åÇ-
áõÕ»·ÇÍ: ï³ÝÇ (ÇÝùݳÃÇé):
air-hole [΄eəhəul] n û¹³ÛÇÝ ÷áë, û¹³÷áë: airy [΄eəri] a û¹³ÛÇÝ, ûè. a large ~ room
air-hostess [΄eə‚həustis] n û¹³Ý³íÇ áõÕ»Ï- û¹áí ÉÇ Áݹ³ñÓ³Ï ë»ÝÛ³Ï. ~ dress ûè
óáñ¹áõÑÇ: ѳ·áõëï. ~ spirit ³ÝÙ³ñÙÇÝ á·Ç. ~ figure
airily [΄eərəli] adv û¹Ç ÝÙ³Ý. ûèáñ»Ý. Ýáõñμ/ݳ½»ÉÇ Ï³½Ùí³Íù. (áõñ³Ë, ³ÝÑá·)
÷Ëμ. ûè³Ùïáñ»Ý, ³ÝÑá·áõÃÛ³Ùμ: ~ laughter áõñ³Ë/³ÝÑá· ÍÇͳÕ:
airing [΄eəriŋ] n û¹³÷áËáõÙ, ½μáë³Ýù: aisle [ail] n ß»ÝùÇ Ã¨. óïñ. ³ÝóáõÙ/ÙÇ-
air-jacket [΄eə‚dзækit] n ÷ñϳμ³×ÏáÝ: ç³Ýóù ß³ñù»ñÇ ÙÇç¨:
air-lane [΄eəlein] n û¹³ÛÇÝ/³ídz·ÇÍ: ajar [ə΄dзa:] a ÏÇë³μ³ó. The door is ~ ¸áõéÁ
airless [΄eələs] a ³Ýû¹, ˻չáÕ, Ñ»ÕÓáõóÇã: ÏÇë³μ³ó ¿:
airline [΄eəlain] n ³ídz·ÇÍ. áõÕÇÕ ·ÇÍ: a-kimbo [ə΄kimbəu] adv Ó»éù»ñÁ ϳÝóÍ.
air-liner [΄eə‚lainə] n Ù³ñ¹³ï³ñ ÇÝù- (ݳ¨ª with arms ~):
ݳÃÇé: akin [ə΄kin] 1. a predic ³½·³Ï³Ý, Ù»ñ-
air-lock [΄eəlɒk] n û¹³Ëó³Ý: Ó³íáñ. 2. adv ÝÙ³Ý. Pity is often ~ to love
air-mail [΄eəmeil] n û¹³ÛÇÝ ÷áëï: ÊÕ׳ÉÁ Ñ³×³Ë ÝÙ³Ý ¿ ëÇñ»ÉáõÝ:
air-man [΄eəmən] n û¹³ãáõ, ³ídzïáñ: alabaster [΄æləba:stə] n ³É»μ³ëïñ, ·Çåë:
air-mechanic [΄eəmi΄kænik] n μáñïٻ˳- a la carte [a:la:΄kat] adv å³ïí»ñáí (áõï»-
ÝÇÏ: ÉÇù):
alacrity 38 alienist

alacrity [ə΄lækrəti] n å³ïñ³ëï³Ï³- alee [ə΄li:] a, predic, adv ÑáÕÙ³Í»Í ÏáÕÙÇó/


ÙáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ßËáõÅáõÃÛáõÝ. reply with ~ å³ï- ÏáÕÙáõÙ:
ñ³ëï³Ï³Ùáñ»Ý å³ï³ë˳ݻÉ: ale-house [΄eilhaus] n ·³ñ»çñ³ïáõÝ. ~ -
alarm [ə΄la:m] n ﳷݳå, ﳷݳåÇ ³½- knight ·³ñ»çñ³ï³Ý Ùßï³Ï³Ý ѳ׳-
¹³Ýß³Ý, Ëáõ׳å. give/raise the ~ ﳷݳå Ëáñ¹:
μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É. false ~ Ï»ÕÍ ï³·Ý³å. Don’t alert [ə΄lə:t] n ³ã³Éáõñç, ½·³ëï. ³ßËáõÛÅ.
be ~ed ØÇ° í³Ë»Ý³, Êáõ׳åÇ ÙÇ° Ù³ïÝ- be in a state of ~ é³½Ù³Ï³Ý å³ïñ³ëï³-
íÇñ. ~ bell ﳷݳåÇ ³½¹³Ýß³Ý. with ~ in ϳÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É. mentally ~ ³ßËáõÛÅ
voice ﳷݳåáí ÉÇ Ó³ÛÝáí. air-raid ~ ÙïùÇ ï»ñ. on the ~ ³ã³Éáõñç, ³ñÃáõÝ. keep
û¹³ÛÇÝ ï³·Ý³å. in ~ ﳷݳåÇ Ù»ç. ~ ~ ³ã³Éáõñç/½·³ëï ÉÇÝ»É. ~ crew Ñ»ñ-
smn í³Ë»óÝ»É Ù»ÏÇÝ. feel ~ ﳷݳå»É, óå³Ñ ³ÝÓݳϳ½Ù. ~ with hope Ñáõëáí ÉÇ.
ï³·Ý³å ½·³É: ~ for the opportunity ѳñÙ³ñ ³éÇÃÇ ëå³-
alarm-clock [ə΄la:mklɒk] n ½³ñÃáõóÇã. ring ëáÕ:
the ~ ³Ñ³½³Ý· ï³É: alertness [ə΄lə:tnəs] n ³ã³ÉñçáõÃÛáõÝ, ½·á-
alarming [ə΄la:miŋ] a ﳷݳå³ÉÇó, ³Ý- ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ½·³ëïáõÃÛáõÝ:
ѳݷëï³óÝáÕ. ~ news ﳷݳå³ÉÇó Éáõñ. ale-wife [΄eilwaif] n ·³ñ»çñ³ï³Ý ïÇñáõÑÇ:
I found him ~ ܳ ÇÝÓ ³Ýѳݷëï³óñ»ó: Alexandrine [‚ælig΄zændrain] n μÝëï.
alas [ə΄læs] int ³í³Õ: ³É»ùë³Ý¹ñÛ³Ý ï³Õ³ã³÷áõÃÛáõÝ:
albatross [΄ælbətrɒs] n ÓÏÝÏáõÉ: alfalfa [æl΄fælfə] n μëμ. ³éíáõÛï:
albescent [æl΄besnt] a ëåÇï³ÏÇÝ ïíáÕ, algebra [΄ældзibrə] n ѳÝñ³Ñ³ßÇí:
ëåÇï³Ï³íáõÝ: algebraic (al) [‚ældзi΄breik (l) ] a ÑaÝñ³Ñ³ß-
albino [æl΄bi:nəu] n Ï»Ýë. ³ÉμÇÝáë, Éëݳ- í³Ï³Ý:
Ù³ßÏ: alias [΄eiliəs] n ³ÛÉ Ï»ñå (³ë³Í). ³ÛÉ (Ï»ÕÍ)
Albion [΄ælbiən] n μÝëï. ²ÉμÇáÝ, ²Ý·Édz: ³ÝáõÝ. Tom Smith ~ Ben Brown ÂáÙ êÙÇÃ
album [΄ælbəm] n ³ÉμáÙ: ³ÛÉ Ï»ñå ´»Ý ´ñ³áõÝ The thief had several
albumen [΄ælbjumin] n Ï»Ýë. ëåÇï³Ïáõó, ~es ¶áÕÁ ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ Ï»ÕͳÝáõÝ áõÝ»ñ:
ëåÇï³Ïáõó³ÛÇÝ ÝÛáõÃ. ÓíÇ ëåÇï³Ïáõó: alibi [΄æləbai] n Çñ³í. ³ÉÇμÇ, ³ÛÉáõñ»ùáõ-
albumin [΄ælbjumin] n ùÇÙ. ëåÇï, ÃÛáõÝ. establish an ~³ÉÇμÇ/³ÛÉáõñ»ùáõÃÛáõÝÝ
³ÉμáõÙÇÝ. ³å³óáõó»É. plead an ~ ³ÉÇμÇ/³ÛÉáõ-
alchemist [΄ælkəmist] n ³ÉùÇÙÇÏáë: ñ»ùáõÃÛáõÝ Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É:
alchemy [΄ælkəmi] n ³ÉùÇÙdz: Alice blue [΄ælis blu:] μ³ó »ñÏݳ·áõÛÝ:
alcohol [΄ælkəhɒl] n ³ÉÏáÑáÉ, ëåÇñï. alien [΄eiliən] 1. n ûï³ñ»ñÏñ³óÇ. 2. a ûï³ñ.
absolute ~ Ù³ùáõñ ëåÇñï. denatured ~ ¹»Ý³- ~ soil/shore/tongue ÑáÕ/³÷»ñ/É»½áõ. ~ envi-
ïáõñ³ï. ~ abuse ³ÉÏáÑáÉÇ ã³ñ³ß³ÑáõÙ. ~ ronment ûï³ñ ßñç³å³ï. illegal ~ »ñÏñáõÙ
free ³ÉÏáÑáÉ ãå³ñáõݳÏáÕ: ³ÝûñÇÝ³Ï³Ý Ï»ñåáí ·ïÝíáÕ ûï³ñ»ñÏ-
alcoholic [‚ælkə΄hɒlik] n ѳñμ»óáÕ, ³ÉÏá- ñ³óÇ. (ËáñÃ) Vanity is ~ to his nature
ÑáÉÇÏ: ö³é³ëÇñáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ëáñà ¿ Ýñ³ ¿áõÃÛ³ÝÁ:
alcoholic [‚ælkə΄hɒlik] a ³ÉÏáÑáɳÛÇÝ. ~ alienable [΄eiliənəbl] a ûï³ñÙ³Ý »Ýóϳ:
drinks ³ÉÏáÑáɳÛÇÝ/Ãáõݹ ËÙÇãùÝ»ñ. ~ alienate [΄eiliəneit] v ûï³ñ»É, Ñ»é³óÝ»É.
excess ³ÉÏáÑáÉÇ ã³ñ³ß³ÑáõÙ: right to ~ ûï³ñÙ³Ý Çñ³íáõÝù. He was comp-
alcove [΄ælkəuv] n ³ÝÏáÕݳËáñß, ï³Õ³- letely ~d from his family ܳ í»ñçݳϳݳ-
í³ñ: å»ë ϳå»ñÁ ˽»ó Çñ ÁÝï³ÝÇùÇ Ñ»ï. ~
alder [΄ɔ:ldə] n ɳëï»ÝÇ: rights Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñ ûï³ñ»É:
alderman [΄ɔ:ldəmən] n ù³Õ³ù³ÛÇÝ í³ñ- alienation [‚eiliə΄nei∫n] n ûï³ñáõÙ, Ñ»é³ó-
ãáõÃÛ³Ý ³Ý¹³Ù: Ý»ÉÁ. ³ÙáõëÝáõÝ ÏÝáç Ó»éùÇó ËÉ»ÉÁ ¨ ѳ-
ale [eil] n ·³ñ»çáõñ. ginger ~ Ïá׳åÕå»ÕÇ Ï³é³ÏÁ. complete/temporary/permanent ÉñÇí/
·³ñ»çáõñ. bitter/strong ~ ¹³éÁ/Ãáõݹ ·³ñ»- ųٳݳϳíáñ/í»ñçÝ³Ï³Ý ûï³ñáõÙ.
çáõñ. ~ - barrel ·³ñ»çñÇ ï³Ï³é. ~ -brewer mental ~ ˻ɳóÝáñáõÃÛáõÝ:
·³ñ»çñ³·áñÍ: alienist [΄eiliənist] n Ñá·»μáõÛÅ:
alight 39 all

alight [ə΄lait] a í³éí³Í, ³ÛñíáÕ. be ~ ³Ûñ- good to be ~ ÎÛ³ÝùÁ Ñá۳ϳå μ³Ý ¿. Look ~
í»É, í³éí»É. Lamps are ~ ȳÙå»ñÁ í³é³Í ²ñ³· ß³ñÅíÇñ. keep ~ ÏÛ³ÝùÁ/Ñ»-
»Ý. get/set smth ~í³é»É. The stove is ~ ì³- ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝÁ å³Ñå³Ý»É. As long as one
é³ñ³ÝÁ í³éíáõÙ ¿. faces ~ with happiness is ~ ø³ÝÇ ¹»é Ù³ñ¹ ϻݹ³ÝÇ ¿. more dead
áõñ³ËáõÃÛáõÝÇó ÷³ÛÉáÕ ¹»Ùù»ñ: than ~ áã áÕç, áã Ù»é³Í. no man ~ áã áù. any
alight [ə΄lait] v ÇçÝ»É/¹áõñë ·³É. ~ from a man ~ ³Ù»Ý Ù»ÏÁ:
bus/car/carriage Ù»ù»Ý³ÛÇó/³íïáμáõëÇó/ alkali [΄ælkəlai] n ùÇÙ. ³ÉϳÉÇ, ëá¹³:
í³·áÝÇó ÇçÝ»É. ~ at a station ϳ۳ñ³ÝáõÙ alkaline [΄ælkəlain] a ùÇÙ. ³ÉϳÉdzϳÝ:
ÇçÝ»É. Passangers for Garni ~ here ¶³éÝÇ all [ɔ:l] 1. n ³ÙμáÕç. ~ day/morning/the world
·Ý³óáÕ áõÕ¨áñÝ»ñÝ ³Ûëï»Õ »Ý ÇçÝáõÙ. ³ÙμáÕç ûñÁ/³é³íáï/³ß˳ñÑÁ. ~ the year
Birds ~ed on the roof ÂéãáõÝÝ»ñÝ Çç³Ý round ÏÉáñ ï³ñÇÝ. ~ day and ~ night ·Çß»ñ-
ï³ÝÇùÇ íñ³: ó»ñ»Ï, ûñ áõ ·Çß»ñ. ~ day school »ñϳñûñÛ³
align [ə΄lain] v ÙÇ ·ÍÇ íñ³ ¹Ý»É/ß³ñ»É. ¹åñáó. at ~ hours ó³Ýϳó³Í ųÙÇÝ. at ~
ѳí³ë³ñ ·Íáí ß³ñí»É. ѳí³ë³ñ»óÝ»É. events ѳٻݳÛÝ ¹»åë, μáÉáñ ¹»åù»ñáõÙ.
The desks are in ~ Üëï³ñ³ÝÝ»ñÁ ÙÇ ·Íáí »Ý ~ manner of ³Ù»Ý ï»ë³Ï. ~ round μ³½-
ß³ñí³Í: Ù³ÏáÕÙ³ÝÇ, ѳٳÏáÕÙ³ÝÇ. beyond ~ doubt
alignment [ə΄lainmənt] n ѳí³ë³ñ ·Íáí ϳëϳÍÇó ¹áõñë. with ~ respect ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝ
ß³ñí»ÉÁ. é½Ù. ß³ñ³ëÛáõÝ: ѳñ·³Ýùáí. with ~ speed ³ÙμáÕç ³ñ³·áõ-
alike [ə΄laik] 1. a, predic ÝÙ³Ý, ÝáõÛÝÁ. ~ in ÃÛ³Ùμ. be ~ atention Ñ³Ù³Ï áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ
appearance ³ñï³ùÇÝÇó ÝÙ³Ý. You are all ~ ÉÇÝ»É. ~ the others Ùݳó³Í μáÉáñÁ. be ~ ears
¸áõù μáÉáñ¹ ÝáõÛÝÝ/³Û¹åÇëÇÝ »ù: They all Ñ³Ù³Ï ÉëáÕáõÃÛáõÝ ÉÇÝ»É, áõß³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ
look ~ to me ÆÙ ³ãùáõÙ Ýñ³Ýù μáÉáñÁ ÝáõÛÝ Éë»É. ~ thumbs ³ÝßÝáñÑù ÉÇÝ»É. above ~ ³Ù»-
ï»ëùÝ áõÝ»Ý. 2. adv ÝáõÛÝ Ó¨áí/ Ï»ñå. treat ÝÇó ³í»ÉÇ/³é³ç. Of ~ the idiots he takes prize
everybody ~ μáÉáñÇ Ñ»ï ÝáõÛÝ Ó¨áí í³ñí»É. ØÇ áõñÇß ³Û¹åÇëÇ ÑÇÙ³ñ ã»ë ׳ñÇ:
share and share ~ ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã ѳí³ë³ñ/ÏÇëá- all [ɔ:l] prn ³ÙμáÕçÁ, μáÉáñÁ. A~ is lost ²Ù»Ý
íÇ. summer and winter ~ ³Ùé³ÝÁ ¨ ÓÙé³ÝÁ ÇÝã Ïáñ³Í ¿. ~ of us Ù»Ýù μáÉáñë. That’s ~
ÝáõÛÝ Ó¨áí. behave ~ ÝáõÛÝ Ó¨áí í³ñí»É: ²Ñ³ ³ÙμáÕçÁ. at ~ μáÉáñáíÇÝ. All are agreed
aliment [΄ælimənt] n Ï»ñ³Ïáõñ, ëÝáõݹ, ³å- ´áÉáñÁ ѳٳӳÛÝ »Ý. if at ~ »Ã» ÁݹѳÝ-
ñáõëï: ñ³å»ë. If it is at ~ possible ºÃ» ¹³ ÁݹѳÝ-
alimentary [‚æli΄mentəri] a ëÝݹ³ñ³ñ, ñ³å»ë Ñݳñ³íáñ ¿. after ~ í»ñçÇí»ñçá. ~
ëÝáõóÇã. ~ system Ù³ñëáÕáõÃÛ³Ý ûñ·³Ý- but impossible ÇÝã Ñݳñ³íáñ ¿. and ~ that ¨
Ý»ñ: ³ÛÉÝ. ~ this ³Ûë ³Ù»ÝÁ. not at ~ ã³ñÅ». in ~
alimentation [‚ælimen΄tei∫n] n ëÝáõóáõÙ, μáÉáñÁ ÙdzëÇÝ most/best of ~ ³Ù»ÝÇó ß³ï.
³åñáõëï ѳÛóÛûÉÁ. forced ~ μéÝÇ ëÝáõ- ~ in ~ μáÉáñÁ ÙdzëÇÝ í»ñóñ³Í. first of ~
óáõÙ: ³Ù»ÝÇó ³é³ç. It’s ~ over ²Ù»Ý ÇÝã í»ñç³-
alimony [΄æliməni] n ëÝáõݹ, ³åñáõëï. ýÇ- ó³Í ¿:
ݳÝë³Ï³Ý/¹ñ³Ù³Ï³Ý û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. Çñ³í. all [ɔ:l] adv ³ÙμáÕçáõÃÛ³Ùμ, ÉñÇí, μáÉáñá-
³ÉÇÙ»Ýï: íÇÝ. ~ alone ÉñÇí ٻݳÏ. A~ covered with
aline [ə΄lain] ï»°ë align: ... ²ÙμáÕçáíÇÝ Í³ÍÏí³Í... be ~ wrong ÉñÇí
aliquot [΄ælikwɒt] a Ù³Ã. μ³½Ù³å³ïÇÏ: ëË³É ÉÇÝ»É. be ~ in ³Ûɨë áõÅ ãáõݻݳÉ. ~ -
alive [ə΄laiv] a, predic ϻݹ³ÝÇ. be/remain ~ clear μ³ñÇ, ϳñáÕ »ù ëÏë»É (·áñÍáÕáõ-
ϻݹ³ÝÇ ÉÇÝ»É/ÙݳÉ. be no longer ~ ³Ûɨë ÃÛáõÝÁ ëÏë»Éáõ ÃáõÛÉïíáõÃÛáõÝ). It is ~
ãÉÇÝ»É. be left ~ ϻݹ³ÝÇ ÙݳÉ. be still ~ over/up with him ~ the better ³í»ÉÇ É³í. ~ the
¹»é¨ë ϻݹ³ÝÇ ÉÇÝ»É. be ~ to the danger same ÙǨÝáõÛÝ ¿. ~ at once ѳÝϳñÍ, ÙdzÝ-
·Çï³Ïó»É (ëå³éݳóáÕ) íï³Ý·Á. be kept ·³Ù³ÛÝ ³Ýëå³ë»ÉÇ. ~ right ß³ï ɳí. be ~
~ on drugs ¹»Õáñ³ÛùÇ ßÝáñÑÇí ϻݹ³ÝÇ for ÉñÇí ÏáÕÙ ÉÇÝ»É. ~ around ³Ù»Ý ï»Õ,
ÙݳÉ. The river is ~ with fish ¶»ïÁ É»óáõÝ ¿ ãáñë ÏáÕÙÁ. ~ along the river ·»ïÇ ³ÙμáÕç
ÓÏÝ»ñáí. Old traditions are still ~ ÐÇÝ »ñϳÛÝùáí. He is very much ~ there Ê»ÉùÁ
³í³Ý¹áõÛÃÝ»ñÁ ¹»é¨ë ϻݹ³ÝÇ »Ý. It’s ·ÉËÇÝ Ù³ñ¹ ¿:
all-Armenian 40 allow

all-Armenian [,ɔ:l΄a:΄mi:niən] a ѳٳ- allied [ə΄laid] a ¹³ßݳÏÇó. ~ countries ¹³ß-


ѳÛϳϳÝ: ݳÏÇó »ñÏñÝ»ñ. (³½·³ÏÇó, ѳñ³ÏÇó)
allay [΄əlei] v ³Ùáù»É, Ù»ÕÙ»É. ~ pain/anger chemistry and ~ subjects ùÇÙÇ³Ý ¨ ѳñ³ÏÇó
³Ùáù»É ó³íÁ, Ù»ÕÙ»É μ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ. ~ thirst ³é³ñϳݻñÁ:
ͳñ³íÁ ѳ·»óÝ»É: alligation [‚æli΄gei∫n] n ÓáõÉáõÙ, ˳éÝáõÙ,
all-clear [΄ɔ:lkliə] n ³í³ñï³Ýß³Ý. give the ÙdzóáõÙ:
~ ³í³ñïÇ ³½¹³Ýß³Ý ï³É: alligator [΄æligeitə] n ϻݹ. ÏáÏáñ¹ÇÉáë,
allegation [‚ælə΄gei∫n] n ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ³ÉÇ·³ïáñ. ~ pear ³íáϳ¹á:
åݹáõÙ. Ù»Õ³¹ñ³Ýù. prove/support one’s ~ all-in [‚ɔ:l΄in] a ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã Ý»ñ³éÛ³É. ~ price
ѳëï³ï»É/ÑÇÙݳíáñ»É ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõ- ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã Ý»ñ³éÝáÕ ·ÇÝ:
ÃÛáõÝÁ. Çñ³í. a serious ~ Éáõñç Ù»Õ³¹ñ³Ýù. all-night [‚ɔ:l΄nait] a ³ÙμáÕç ·Çß»ñ ï¨áÕ.
untrue ~s Ï»ÕÍ Ñ³Ûï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ: ~ journey ³ÙμáÕç ·Çß»ñ ï¨áÕ ×³Ù÷áñ¹áõ-
allege [ə΄lidз] v åݹ»É, ѳÛï³ñ³ñ»É. ~ re- ÃÛáõÝ. ~ party ³ÙμáÕç ·Çß»ñ ï¨áÕ ËÝçáõÛù,
peatedly μ³½Ù³ÃÇí ³Ý·³ÙÝ»ñ åݹ»É. ~ ËÝçáõÛù ÙÇÝ㨠³é³íáï. ~ nighter ³ÙμáÕç
smth as a fact Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É áñå»ë ³Ýϳë- ·Çß»ñ ï¨áÕ ³ß˳ï³Ýù:
Ï³Í ÷³ëï. He is ~d to be wealthy åݹáõÙ all-or-none [‚ɔ:lɔ:΄nΛn] a ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã ϳÙ
»Ý, áñ ݳ ѳñáõëï ¿. He ~d illness as his rea- áãÇÝã. an ~ decision áã ÙÇ ½ÇçáõÙ:
son ܳ Çñ ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝÁ áñå»ë å³ï- alliteration [ə‚litə΄rei∫n] n É»½í. ³ÉÇï»ñ³-
׳é μ»ñ»ó. ~d »Ýó¹ñÛ³É. Çñ³í. the ~d ódz:
thief »Ýó¹ñÛ³É ·áÕÁ. ~d offence »Ýó¹ñÛ³É allocate [΄æləkeit] v μ³ßË»É, ѳïϳóÝ»É,
ѳÝó³·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ: μ³Å³Ý»É. ~ money to education ÏñÃáõÃÛ³Ý
allegiedly [ə΄ledзidli] adv ³ë»ë, Çμñ û, áñ- (ϳñÇùÝ»ñÇ) ѳٳñ ÷áÕ Ñ³ïϳóÝ»É. ~
å»ë û. ÇÝãå»ë åݹáõÙ »Ý. be ~ bound by duties å³ñï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ μ³ßË»É/μ³-
ϳñÍ»ë/³ë»ë å³ñï³íáñí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. ~ diffi- ųݻÉ. Rooms are ~d to the delegates ä³ï-
cult/impossible Çμñ ¹Åí³ñ/μ³ñ¹/³ÝÑݳñÇÝ: ·³Ù³íáñÝ»ñÇÝ ë»ÝÛ³ÏÝ»ñ »Ý ѳïϳó-
allegience [ə΄li:dзəns] n ѳí³ï³ñÙáõÃÛáõÝ, í»É:
ÝíÇñí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. declare/swear ~ ѳÛï³ñ³- allocation [‚ælə΄kei∫n] n μ³ßËáõÙ, ѳï-
ñ»É/»ñ¹í»É ѳí³ï³ñÙáõÃÛáõÝ. pledge ~ ѳ- ϳóáõÙ, ï»Õ³ÛݳóáõÙ. ~ of funds/profit ÙÇ-
í³ï³ñÙáõÃÛ³Ý »ñ¹áõÙ ï³É: çáóÝ»ñÇ/ß³ÑáõÛÃÇ μ³ßËáõÙ. ~ of shares
allegoric(al) [‚ælə΄gɒrik (l) ] a ÷á˳μ»ñ³- μ³ÅÝ»ïáÙë»ñÇ Ñ³ïϳóáõÙ. frequency ~
ϳÝ, ³Ûɳμ³Ý³Ï³Ý: é³¹Çáѳ׳˳ϳÝáõÃÛ³Ý μ³ßËáõÙ:
allegory [΄æləgəri] n ³Ûɳμ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: allocution [‚ælə΄kju:∫n] n ׳é, ¹ÇÙáõÙ:
allergic [ə΄lə:dзik] a ³É»ñ·ÇÏ: allot [ə΄lɒt] v μ³ßË»É, ѳïϳóÝ»É, μ³Å³-
allergist [΄ælədзist] n μÅÇßÏ ³É»ñ·áÉá·. ~ to Ý»É. ~ duties å³ñï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ μ³ß-
milk/chocolate ³É»ñ·ÇÏ` ϳÃÇ/ßáÏáɳ¹Ç Ë»É. A flat has been ~ed ´Ý³Ï³ñ³Ý ¿ ѳï-
ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ: ϳóí»É. in the ~ed time ѳïϳóí³Í ųٳ-
alleviate [ə΄li:vieit] v ûè³óÝ»É (ó³íÁ, ݳÏáõÙ:
ï³Ýç³ÝùÝ»ñÁ): allotment [ə΄lɒtmənt] n μ³ßËáõÙ, μ³ÅÇÝ.
alleviation [ə‚li:vi΄ei∫n] n ûè³óáõÙ: ÑáÕ³μ³ÅÇÝ, ÑáÕ³Ù³ë. ~ holder ÑáÕÇ í³ñ-
alley [΄æli] n ͳéáõÕÇ, Ýñμ³Ýóù. blind ~ ӳϳÉ:
÷³ÏáõÕÇ: all-out [‚ɔ:l΄aut] 1. a ÉñÇí, ÉÇùÁ. í×é³Ï³Ý
All-Hollows [‚ɔ:l΄hɒləus] n »Ï»Õ. ´áÉáñ (ѳñÓ³ÏáõÙ) 2. adv ³ÙμáÕçáõÃÛ³Ùμ:
êñμ»ñÇ ûñÁ: allow [ə΄lau] v ÃáõÛÉ ï³É, Çñ³íáõÝù ï³É. ~
alliance [ə΄laiəns] n ¹³ßÇÝù, ÙÇáõÃÛáõÝ, ¹³ß- me to introduce ÃáõÛÉ ïí»ù Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É.
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. form an ~ ¹³ßÇÝù ÏÝù»É. in ~ with Smoking is not ~ed ÌË»ÉÝ ³ñ·»ÉíáõÙ ¿.
¹³ßݳÏóáõÃÛ³Ùμ. military/political ~ é³½- Passengers are not ~ed àõÕ¨áñÝ»ñÇÝ ãÇ ÃáõÛ-
ٳϳÝ/ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý ¹³ßÇÝù. make/form/ ɳïñíáõÙ. (ï³É) How much are you ~ed for
enter an ~ ¹³ßÇÝù ÏÝù»É/Ó¨³íáñ»É. ÙïÝ»É books? Ò»½ ÇÝãù³±Ý ÷áÕ »Ý ï³ÉÇë ·ñùÇ
¹³ßÇÝùÇ Ù»ç: ѳٳñ. That ~s us five minutes Ø»½ ÑÇÝ·
allowance 41 alone

ñáå» ¿ ÙÝáõÙ/ïñíáõÙ. ~ one’s imagination full ãï»ëÝí³Í. an ~ record ã·»ñ³½³Ýóí³Í é»-


play »ñ¨³Ï³ÛáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ³½³ïáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É. ~ Ïáñ¹. an ~ high/low prices ãï»ëÝí³Í μ³ñÓñ/
discount ½»Õç»É, ½»Õç ïñ³Ù³¹ñ»É. Çñ³í. ~ ó³Íñ ·Ý»ñ:
200 dollar compensation 200 ¹áɳñ ÷áËѳ- allude [ə΄lu:d] v íϳ۳Ïáã»É, ÑÕ»É, ¹ÇÙ»É. ~
ïáõóáõÙ Ý߳ݳϻÉ. (ÁݹáõÝ»É, ѳٳӳÛÝ- to the original íϳ۳Ïáã»É ëϽμݳÕμÛáõñÁ. ~
í»É) Let’s ~ that ... ÀݹáõÝ»Ýù, áñ... One has to to smth in the conversation ½ñáõÛóÇ ÁÝóó-
~ ä»ïù ¿ ÁݹáõÝ»É. Çñ³í. ~ aclaim ùáõÙ ³ÏݳñÏ»É/ÑÇß³ï³Ï»É:
å³Ñ³ÝçÁ Çñ³í³óÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ»É. ~ for ѳßíÇ allure [ə΄luə] v ÑÙ³Û»É, ¹ÛáõûÉ, ·»ñ»É. be ~d
³éÝ»É, Ç ÝϳïÇ áõݻݳÉ. The situation ~s no ·³ÛóÏÕí»É. ~ artfully Ññ³åáõñ»É/·ñ³í»É
delay ¶áñÍÁ ãÇ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ Ñ»ï³Ó·»É: Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏáñ»Ý/ÑÙïáñ»Ý:
allowance [ə΄lauəns] n ¹ñ³Ù³Ï³Ý Ýå³ëï. allurement [ə΄luəmənt] n Ññ³åáõñ³Ýù,
³åñáõëïÇ ÙÇçáó. family ~ »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñÇ ·³ÛóÏÕ»óáõÙ:
Ýå³ëï. housing ~ μݳÏí³ñÓÇ Ýå³ëï. alluring [ə΄luəriŋ] a ·³ÛóÏÕÇã, ·ñ³íÇã. ~
maternity ~ Ýå³ëï Ù³Ûñ»ñÇÝ. education ~ proposal ·³ÛóÏÕÇã ³é³ç³ñÏ:
ÏñóÃáß³Ï. subsistence ~ ·áñÍáõÕÙ³Ý ÷áÕ. allusion [ə΄luзən] n ³ÏݳñÏ, íϳ۳ÏáãáõÙ.
(ÝáñÙ³) ~ of food ëÝáõÝ¹Ç ÝáñÙ³. water/ obscure/crude/casual ~ ³Ýáñáß/ÏáåÇï/å³-
bread ~ çñÇ/ѳóÇ ÝáñÙ³. ~ per head Ûáõñ³- ï³Ñ³Ï³Ý ³ÏݳñÏ:
ù³ÝãÛáõñÇÝ Ñ³ëÝáÕ ÝáñÙ³. make ~ (s) for allusive [ə΄lu:siv] a ³ÏݳñÏáÕ, ³Ûɳë³ó:
ѳßíÇ ³éÝ»É, ÝϳïÇ áõݻݳÉ. tax free ~ ally [΄ælai] n ¹³ßݳÏÇó. ùÕù. faithful/ trusty/
ãѳñÏíáÕ ·áõÙ³ñ: tested ~ ѳí³ï³ñÇÙ/íëï³Ñ»ÉÇ/ ÷áñÓí³Í
allowedly [ə΄laudli] adv ÁݹѳÝáõñ ѳí³- ¹³ßݳÏÇó:
ÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ: all/y [ə΄lai] v ÙdzóÝ»É, ϳå»É. be ~ied with
alloy [΄ælɔi] n ÓáõÉí³Íù, (Ù»ï³ÕÝ»ñÇ) ˳é- ϳåí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. ~ oneself with ÙdzݳÉ:
Ýáõñ¹. ~ steel áñ³Ï³íáñí³Í åáÕå³ï: Alma-Mater [‚ælmə΄meitə] n ɳï. ²ÉÙ³
alloy [ə΄lɔi] v (Ù»ï³ÕÝ»ñ) ÓáõÉ»É, ˳éÝ»É: سï»ñ, ¹åñáóÁ/ѳٳÉë³ñ³ÝÁ, áñï»Õ
all-purpose [‚ɔ:l΄pə:pəs] a ѳٳå³ñ÷³Ï, ëáíáñ»É »ë:
μ³½Ù³ÏáÕÙ³ÝÇ: almanac [΄ɔ:lmənæk] n ß³μ³Ã³óáõÛó, ï³-
all right [‚ɔ:l΄rait] adv μ³í³ñ³ñ, ɳí. be ~ ñ»·Çñù. ³ÉٳݳË:
ɳí ÉÇÝ»É. The work is quite ~ ²ß˳ï³ÝùÁ almighty [ɔ:l΄maiti] a ³Ù»Ý³Ï³ñáÕ. An ~
μ³í³Ï³Ý É³í ¿ ϳï³ñí³Í. They arrived ~ God ³Ù»Ý³Ï³ñáÕ ³ëïí³Í. the ~ ³Ù»Ý³-
Üñ³Ýù μ³ñ»Ñ³çáÕ ï»Õ ѳë³Ý. Are you ~ ϳñáÕÁ. ËëÏó. ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ. He ‘s an ~ bore
in that room? ø»½ ѳñÙ³±ñ ¿ ³Û¹ ë»ÝÛ³ÏÁ, ²Ñ³íáñ/ê³ñë³÷»ÉÇ Ó³ÝÓñ³ÉÇ Ù³ñ¹ ¿:
гñÙ³±ñ »ë ½·áõÙ. If it’s ~ with you ºÃ» ù»½ almond [΄a:mənd] n Ýáõß. μÅßÏ. Ýß³·»ÕÓ. ~
ѳñÙ³ñ ¿. Is my hat ~ ? ¶É˳ñÏë ×DZßï »Ù eyed Ýß³Ó¨ ³ãù»ñ:
ѳ·»É. I made it ~ with the driver ºë í³ñáñ¹Ç almost [΄ɔ:lməust] adv ·ñ»Ã», ѳٳñÛ³. ~
Ñ»ï ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã ϳñ·³íáñ»óÇ. ËëÏó. an ~ always/immediately ·ñ»Ã» ÙÇßï/³ÝÙÇç³å»ë
guy ϳñ·ÇÝ Ù³ñ¹. an ~ party áõñ³Ë I ~ missed the train øÇã ¿ñ ÙÝáõÙ ·Ý³óùÇó
ѳí³ùáõÛÃ: áõ߳ݳÛÇ. He ~ died of fright øÇã ¿ñ ÙÝnõÙ
all-round [‚ɔ:l΄raund] a μ³½Ù³ÏáÕÙ³ÝÇ. ~ í³ËÇó Ù»éÝ»ñ:
man μ³½Ù³ÏáÕÙ³ÝÇ ûÅïí³Í ³ÝÓݳíá- alms [a:mz] n áÕáñÙáõÃÛáõÝ:
ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ sportsman μ³½Ù³ÏáÕÙ³ÝÇ Ù³ñ- alms house [΄a:mzhaus] n ³Õù³ï³Ýáó:
½ÇÏ. Ùñ½. ~ champion μ³ó³ñÓ³Ï ã»ÙåÇáÝ. aloe [΄æləu] n μëμ. ѳÉí»:
é½Ù. ~ defence ßñç³Ý³Ó¨ å³ßïå³Ýáõ- aloft [ə΄lɒft] a, predic, adv í»ñ¨áõÙ, ¹»åÇ
ÃÛáõÝ: í»ñ:
All-Russian [‚ɔ:l΄rΛ∫n] a ѳٳéáõë³Ï³Ý: alone [ə΄ləun] a, predic, adv ٻݳÏ, ÙdzÛ-
allseed [΄ɔ:lsi:d] n μëμ. μ³½Ù³ë»ñÙ μáõÛë: ݳÏ. be ~ Ù»Ý³Ï ÉÇÝ»É. all ~ ÉñÇí ٻݳÏ.
all-terrain vehicle [‚ɔ:l΄terein ΄vi:ikl] n live/ work/sit ~ ³åñ»É/³ß˳ï»É/Ýëï»É Ù»-
³Ù»Ý³·Ý³ó: ݳÏ. feel oneself ~ Çñ»Ý Ù»Ý³Ï ½·³É. be left
all-time [‚ɔ:l΄taim] a ã·»ñ³½³Ýóí³Í, ~ Ù»Ý³Ï ÃáÕÝí»É. (ÙdzÛÝ, μ³ó³é³å»ë)
along 42 alternative

You ~ can decide ØdzÛÝ ¹áõ ϳñáÕ »ë áñá- Alpine [΄ælpain] a ³ÉåÛ³Ý, ³ÉådzϳÝ. É»é-
ß»É. We are not ~ in thinking so ØdzÛÝ Ù»Ýù ݳÛÇÝ. ~ meadows ³ÉåÇ³Ï³Ý Ù³ñ·³·»-
ã»Ýù ³Û¹å»ë Ùï³ÍáõÙ. His silence ~ is proof ïÇÝÝ»ñ. ~ pastures ³ÉådzϳÝ/É»éݳÛÇÝ
Üñ³ ÉéáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÇÝùÝÁëïÇÝùÛ³Ý ³å³óáõÛó ³ñáï³í³Ûñ»ñ:
¿. He ~ survived the fire Ðñ¹»ÑÇó ÙdzÛÝ Ý³ already [ɔ:l΄redi] adv ³ñ¹»Ý. I have ~
ϻݹ³ÝÇ Ùݳó/÷ñÏí»ó. Leave ~ гݷÇëï arranged it ºë ³ñ¹»Ý ¹³ ϳñ·³íáñ»É »Ù:
ÃáÕÝ»É. Leave it ~! гݷÇëï ÃáÕ, Ò»éù ÙÇ also [΄ɔ:lsəu] adv ÝáõÛÝå»ë. They ~ came
ï³. Let ~ ØÇ ÏáÕÙ ÃáÕÝ»Éáí, ¾É ãËáë»Ýù: Üñ³Ýù ÝáõÛÝå»ë »Ï³Ý. not only but ~ áã
along [ə΄lɒŋ] adv, prep »ñϳñáõÃÛ³Ùμ, ͳÛ- ÙdzÛÝ, ³Ûɨ. (¹»é ³í»ÉÇÝ, ݳ¨) She was
ñÇó ͳÛñ. ~ the street ÷áÕáóÇ »ñϳñáõ- pretty and clever ~ ܳ ɳíÇÏÝ ¿ñ ¨ ¹»é
ÃÛ³Ùμ, ÷áÕáóáí. ~ the river ·»ïÇ »ñϳÛÝ- ³í»ÉÇÝ` Ë»Éáù ¿ñ:
ùáí/³÷áí. all ~ ³ÙμáÕç ųٳݳÏ. I knew altar [΄ɔ:ltə] n ½áѳë»Õ³Ý, »Ï»Õ»óáõ μ»Ù.
it all ~ ºë ¹³ í³Õáõó ·Çï»Ç. Come ~! high ~ ·É˳íáñ ë»Õ³Ý (»Ï»Õ»óáõÙ). Ëá-
¶Ý³Ýù. Move ~! ²Ýó»°ù, ³Ýó°Çñ. ~ with Ùdz- ñ³Ý. lead to the ~ ³ÙáõëݳݳÉ:
ëÇÝ. get ~ with ѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ, Ûáɳ alter [΄ɔ:ltə] v ÷áË»É, í»ñ³÷áË»É. ~ course
·Ý³É. ~ here ³Ûë ÏáÕÙ, ³Ûë áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ. I’ll áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÷áË»É. ~ one’s mind ÙÇïùÁ
be ~ at six ºë ÏÉÇݻ٠ųÙÇ í»óÇÝ. ~ the wall ÷áË»É. That ~s things ¸³ ÷áËáõÙ ¿ Çñ³íÇ-
å³ïÇ »ñϳÛÝùáí: ׳ÏÁ. The place has ~ed a lot ²Ûë í³ÛñÁ ß³ï
along-shore [ə‚lɒŋ΄∫ɔ:] adv ³÷Ç »ñϳÛÝ- ¿ ÷áËí»É. We found her very much ~ed ܳ
ùáí: ß³ï ¿ñ ÷áËí»É. (Ó¨³÷áË»É) ~ a dress/
alongside [ə‚lɒŋ΄said] adv Ùáï, ÏáÕùÇÝ. »ñ- skirt/jacket Ó¨³÷áË»É Ñ³·áõëïÁ/÷»ßÁ/ų-
ϳÛÝùáí. The car stopped ~ the kerb Ø»ù»Ý³Ý Ï»ïÁ:
ϳݷ ³é³í Ù³ÛÃÇ Ùáï. The ships lay ~ one alteration [‚ɔ:ltə΄rei∫n] n ÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝ. un-
another ܳí»ñÁ Ï³Ý·Ý³Í ¿ÇÝ ÏáÕù ÏáÕùÇ: dergo ~s ÷n÷áËáõÃÛ³Ý »ÝóñÏí»É. an ~ in
aloof [ə΄lu:f] a, predic, adv Ñ»éáõ, Ñ»éíáõÙ. temperature ç»ñÙ³ëïÇ׳ÝÇ ÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝ.
ÙÇ ÏáÕÙáõÙ. ~ from the commotion Ñ»éáõ make ~s ÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³ï³ñ»É. no ~s áã
ÙÝ³É Çñ³ñ³ÝóáõÙÇó. keep/stand/hold oneself ÙÇ ÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝ:
~ Çñ»Ý Ñ»éáõ å³Ñ»É/ã˳éÝí»É. (³Ýï³ñ- altercate [΄ɔ:ltəkeit] v ѳϳ׳é»É, íÇ×»É:
μ»ñ) coldly ~ ë³éÝ ³Ýï³ñμ»ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ. I altercation [‚ɔ:ltə΄kei∫n] n í»×, ÏéÇí, ݳ-
find him rather ~ ܳ μ³í³Ï³Ý ÇÝùݳÙ- ˳ïÇÝù:
÷á÷/ûï³ñ³ó³Í ¿: alternate [ɔ:l΄tə:nət] a ÁݹÙÇçíáÕ, Çñ³ñ/
aloofness [ə΄lu:fnəs] n ûï³ñ³óáõÙ, Ëáñ- ÙÇÙÛ³Ýó ѳçáñ¹áÕ. ~ day and night Ù»Ï ó»-
óóáõÙ. preserve/maintain ~ ½»ñÍ/Ñ»éáõ/³Ý- ñ»ÏÁ, Ù»Ï ·Çß»ñÁ. (Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ »ñÏñáñ-
ï³ñμ»ñ ÙݳÉ, ã˳éÝí»É: ¹Á) on ~ days, each ~ day ûñÁ Ù»ç. (÷á˳-
aloud [ə΄laud] adv μ³Óñ, μ³ñÓñ³Ó³ÛÝ. think ¹³ñÓ) ~ favours ÷á˳¹³ñÓ Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ-
~ μ³ñÓñ³Ó³ÛÝ Ùï³Í»É. laugh/shout ~ áõÅ»Õ Ý»ñ:
ÍÇͳջÉ/μÕ³í»É: alternate [΄ɔ:ltəneit] v ѳçáñ¹»É (ÙÇÙÛ³Ýó)
alp [ælp] n É»éݳÛÇÝ ³ñáï³ï»ÕÇ Þí»Ûó³- Wet days ~ with fine days ²ÝÓñ¨áï ¨ ³ñ¨áï
ñdzÛáõÙ: ûñ»ñÁ ѳçáñ¹áõÙ »Ý ÙÇÙÛ³Ýó. ~ kindness
alpha [΄ælfə] n ³Éý³, ÑáõÝ³Ï³Ý ³Ûμáõμ»ÝÇ with severity Ù»ñà μ³ñÇ, Ù»ñà ËÇëï ÉÇÝ»É:
³é³çÇÝ ï³éÁ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ test ɳμáñ³ïáñ alternately [΄ɔ:ltənətli] adv Ñ»ñÃáí, Ù»ÏÁ
÷áñÓ: ÙÛáõëÇÝ ÷á˳ñÇÝ»Éáí. cry and laugh ~ Ù»Ï
alphabet [΄ælfəbet] n ³Ûμáõμ»Ý, ³Ûμμ»- ɳó ÉÇÝ»É, Ù»Ï ÍÇͳջÉ:
ݳñ³Ý: alternating [΄ɔ:ltəneitiŋ] a ÁݹÙÇçíáÕ,
alphabetic(al) [‚ælfə΄betik (l) ] a ³Ûμμ»- ÷á÷á˳ϳÝ. ¿É. ~ current ÷á÷á˳ϳÝ
ݳϳÝ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ string ï»ùëï³ÛÇÝ/ ëÇÙíá- Ñáë³Ýù:
ɳÛÇÝ ïáÕ: alternation [‚ɔ:ltə΄nei∫n] n ѳçáñ¹³Ï³Ýáõ-
alphabetically [‚ælfə΄betikli] adv ³Ûμμ»Ý³- ÃÛáõÝ, ÙÇÙÛ³Ýó ѳçáñ¹»ÉÁ:
Ï³Ý Ï³ñ·áí: alternative [ɔ:l΄tə:nətiv] n ³ÛÉÁÝïñ³Ýù,
alternative 43 ambiguity

ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝ. I have no ~ ³ÛÉ ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝ/ amateur [΄æmətə] 1. n ëÇñáÕ, áã åñáý»ëÇá-


»Éù ãáõÝ»Ù: ݳÉ. an ~ artist ëÇñáÕ³Ï³Ý ÝϳñÇã. 2. a
alternative [ɔ:l΄tə:nətiv] a ³ÛÉÁÝïñ³Ï³Ý. ~ ëÇñáÕ³Ï³Ý ~ theatricals ëÇñáÕ³Ï³Ý Ý»ñ-
measures ÷á˳ñÇÝáÕ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ. ~ offers ϳ۳óáõÙ. ~ youth theatre »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹³-
ï³ñμ»ñ³Ï³ÛÇÝ ³é³ç³ñÏÝ»ñ: Ï³Ý ëÇñáÕ³Ï³Ý Ã³ïñáÝ. ~ evening
although [ɔ:l΄ðəu] cj û¨. ãÝ³Û³Í áñ. ~ he ÇÝùݳ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý »ñ»Ïá:
was very tired... ãÝ³Û³Í ß³ï Ñá·Ý³Í ¿ñ... amateurish [΄æmətəri∫] a ëÇñáճϳÝ:
altimeter [΄æltimi:tə] n μ³ñÓñ³ã³÷: amaze [ə΄meiz] v ½³ñÙ³óÝ»É, ³åß»óÝ»É.
altitude [΄æltitju:d] n μ³ñÓñáõÃÛáõÝ, μ³ñÓ- The news ~d everybody ÈáõñÁ μáÉáñÇÝ ³å-
ñáõÃÛáõÝ ÍáíÇ Ù³Ï»ñ¨áõÛÃÇó. unattainable ~ ß»óñ»ó. be speechlessly ~d ½³ñÙ³ÝùÇó
³Ýѳë³Ý»ÉÇ μ³ñÓñáõÃÛáõÝ. gain an ~ of É»½áõÝ ù³ñ Ïïñ»É:
(áñáß³ÏÇ) μ³ñÓñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ëÝ»É. in these ~s amazement [ə΄meizmənt] n ½³ñÙ³Ýù,
³Ûë μ³ñÓáõÝùÝ»ñáõÙ. The town is at an ~ of ³åß³Ýù. sheer/complete/blank ~ ͳÛñ³Ñ»Õ/
... ø³Õ³ùÁ ·ïÝíáõÙ ¿ ÍáíÇ Ù³Ï»ñ¨áõÛ- ÉñÇí/³Ýѳí³ï³ÉÇ ½³ñÙ³Ýù. stare in
ÃÇó... μ³ñÓñáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³. A~ chamber ì»ñÇÝ ~½³ñÙ³ÝùÇó ³å߳ѳñ ݳۻÉ. in mute ~
å³É³ï: ½³ñÙ³ÝùÇó å³å³ÝÓí»É. filled with ~ ½³ñ-
alto [΄æltəu] n »ñÅß. ³Éï. ÏáÝïñ³Éïá: Ù³Ýùáí ÉÇ. to my ~ Ç ½³ñÙ³Ýë:
altogether [‚ɔ:ltə΄geðə] adv Áݹ³Ù»ÝÁ, amazing [ə΄meiziŋ] a ³åß»óáõóÇã, ½³ñÙ³-
μáÉáñÁ ÙdzëÇÝ, ÉñÇí. There are seven of them
ݳÉÇ. an ~ progress ³åß»óáõóÇã ³é³çÁÝ-
~ Üñ³Ýù Áݹ³Ù»ÝÁ ÛáÃÝ »Ý. I’m not ~ sure
óó.
ºë μáÉáñáíÇÝ ¿É ѳÙá½í³Í ã»Ù. You are ~
wrong ¸áõù ÉñÇí ëË³É »ù. I don’t ~ agree with
amazingly [ə΄meiziŋli] adv ½³ñٳݳÉÇá-
ñ»Ý, ³åß»óáõóÇã Ï»ñåáí:
her ºë áã μáÉáñáíÇÝ »Ù Ýñ³ Ñ»ï ѳٳ-
Ó³ÛÝ. ~ I’m not sorry ÀݹѳÝáõñ ³éÙ³Ùμ »ë
ambassador [æm΄bæsədə] n ¹»ëå³Ý.
extraordinary and plenipotentiary ~ ³ñï³-
ã»Ù ³÷ëáëáõÙ:
ϳñ· ¨ Édz½áñ ¹»ëå³Ý. ~ at large ѳïáõÏ
altruism [΄æltruizm] n ³ÛɳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ,
ѳÝÓݳñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí ¹»ëå³Ý. appoint
³ÉïñáõǽÙ:
~ to ¹»ëå³Ý Ý߳ݳϻÉ. exchange ~s ¹»ë-
altruistic [‚æltru΄istik] a ³ÛɳëÇñ³Ï³Ý,
å³ÝÝ»ñ ÷á˳ݳϻÉ. The person of ~ is
³ÉïñáõÇëï³Ï³Ý:
alum [΄æləm] n ßÇμ: sacred ¸»ëå³ÝÇ ³ÝÓÁ ³ÝÓ»éÝÙË»ÉÇ ¿. UN
alumina [ə΄lu:minə] n ϳí³ÑáÕ: ~ áñ¨¿ »ñÏñÇ Ùßï³Ï³Ý Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇã
aluminium [‚ælə΄miniəm] n ³ÉÛáõÙÇÝ: زΠáõÙ:
alumnus [ə΄lΛmnəs] n ë³Ý (¹åñáóÇ, ѳ- ambassadorial [æm‚bæsə΄dɔ:riəl] a ¹»ë-
Ù³Éë³ñ³ÝÇ) ¨ ßñç³Ý³í³ñï: å³Ý³Ï³Ý:
alveolar [‚ælvi΄əulə] a ϽÙË., ÑÝã. ³Éí»á- ambassadress [æm΄bæsədrəs] n ¹»ëå³ÝÇ
ɳÛÇÝ: ÏÇÝ. ¹»ëå³ÝáõÑÇ:
alveolus [΄ælviəuləs] n ϽÙË. ³ï³Ùݳ- amber [΄æmbə] n, a ë³Ã, ë³Ã»:
Ëáñß, ³Éí»áÉ: ambidexter [΄æmbi΄dekstə] a »ñÏáõ Ó»éùÁ
always [΄ɔ:lweiz] adv ÙÇßï. as ~ ÇÝãå»ë ѳí³ë³ñ û·ï³·áñÍáÕ Ù³ñ¹:
ÙÇßï. not ~ áã ÙÇßï: ambidexterity [‚æmbideks΄təriti] n »ñÏáõ
amadou [΄æmədu:] n ³μ»Ã: Ó»éù»ñÇ Ñ³í³ë³ñ û·ï³·áñÍáõÙ:
amalgamate [ə΄mælgəmeit] v ÙdzóÝ»É, ½á- ambidexterous [‚æmbi΄dekstrəs] a »ñÏÏáÕ-
¹»É. ~ with ÙdzݳÉ: Ù³ÝÇ. »ñÏáõ Ó»éùÝ ¿É ѳí³ë³ñ û·ï³·áñ-
amalgamation [‚əmælgə΄mei∫n] n ÙdzóáõÙ. ÍáÕ. be ~ ѳí³ë³ñ Ï»ñåáí û·ï³·áñÍ»É
~ of the two firms »ñÏáõ ýÇñٳݻñÇ Ùdz- ¨° ³ç, ¨° Ó³Ë Ó»éùÁ:
óáõÙ: ambient [΄æmbiənt] a ßñç³å³ïáÕ:
amass [ə΄mæs] v Ïáõï³Ï»É, ¹Ç½»É. ~ wealth ambiguity [‚æmbi΄gju:əti] n »ñÏÇÙ³ëïáõ-
ѳñëïáõÃÛáõÝ ¹Ç½»É: ÃÛáõÝ, »ñϹÇÙáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ÝáñáßáõÃÛáõÝ. There
amassment [ə΄mæsmənt] n ÏáõÛï, ¹»½. Ïáõ- is a slight ~ in his words Üñ³ μ³é»ñáõÙ ÇÝã-
ï³ÏáõÙ, ѳí³ùáõÙ: áñ ³ÝáñáßáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³. answer without any ~
ambiguous 44 amiable

ï³É áõÕÇÕ å³ï³ëË³Ý (³é³Ýó ï³ï³Ý- amelioration [ə‚mi:liə΄rei∫n] n μ³ñíáùáõÙ,


í»Éáõ): μ³ñ»É³íáõÙ:
ambiguous [æm΄bigjuəs] a »ñϹÇÙÇ, »ñÏÇ- ameliorative [ə΄mi:liəreitiv] a μ³ñíáùÇã:
Ù³ëï, ³Ýáñáß. ~ words áã ÙdzÝß³Ý³Ï μ³- amen [‚a:΄men] int ³Ù»Ý. ÃáÕ ³Û¹å»ë ÉÇÝÇ:
é»ñ. ~ answer ³Ýáñáß å³ï³ë˳Ý. offensi- amenability [ə‚mi:nə΄biləti] n å³ï³ë˳-
vely ~ íÇñ³íáñ³ÝùÇ ³ëïÇ׳ÝÇ »ñÏÇ- ݳïíáõÃÛáõÝ, Çñ³í³ëáõÃÛ³Ý »ÝóϳÛáõ-
Ù³ëï: ÃÛáõÝ:
ambit [΄æmbit] n ë³ÑÙ³Ý, ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý amenable [ə΄mi:nəbl] a Ñݳ½³Ý¹, »ÝóñÏ-
áÉáñï. within the ~s of ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ: íáÕ. ~ to reason ³éáÕç ¹³ïáÕáõÃÛ³ÝÁ Ñ»-
ambition [æm΄bi∫n] n ÷³é³ëÇñõÃÛáõÝ, ï¨áÕ. ~ to the law å³ï³ë˳ݳïáõ ûñ»Ý-
Ó·ïáõÙ, ï»Ýã. His ~ knows no bounds Üñ³ ùÇ ³é³ç:
÷³é³ëÇñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñ ãáõÝÇ. be amend [ə΄mend] v ɳí³óÝ»É, Ýáñá·»É. ~
full of ~, have great ~s ÷³é³ëÇñ³Ï³Ý Íñ³- one’s way of living ³åñ»É³Ï»ñåÁ ɳí³ó-
·ñ»ñáí É»óáõÝ ÉÇÝ»É. his only ~ Ýñ³ ÙÇ³Ï Ý»É. Çñ³í. áõÕÕ»É, ÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ/áõÕ-
Ó·ïáõÙÁ/Ýå³ï³ÏÁ: ÕáõÙ ÙïóÝ»É. ~ a Bill ÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ/
ambitious [æm΄bi∫əs] a ÷³é³ÙáÉ, ÷³é³- áõÕÕáõÙÝ»ñ ÙïóÝ»É ûñÇݳ·ÍÇ Ù»ç:
ï»Ýã, Ù»Í Ó·ïáõÙÝ»ñ áõÝ»óáÕ. an ~ boy amendable [ə΄mendəbl] a μ³ñ»÷áË»ÉÇ,
÷³é³ÙáÉ ïÕ³. ~ for fame ÷³éùÇ Ó·ïáÕ. ~ áõÕÕ»ÉÇ:
for one’s children »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñÇó ß³ï μ³Ý amendment [ə΄mendmənt] n μ³ñ»÷áËáõÙ,
ëå³ëáÕ. ~ of power Çß˳ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ó·ïáÕ. ~ μ³ñ»É³íáõÙ. áõÕÕáõÙ, Éñ³óáõÙ. ~s to the
style ×áéáÙ, å³×áõ׳½³ñ¹ á×: constituion/Bill ë³Ñٳݳ¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý/ûñÇݳ-
ambivalent [æm΄bivələnt] a »ñϳÏÇ. an ~ ·ÍÇ μ³ñ»÷áËáõÙÝ»ñ/áõÕÕáõÙÝ»ñ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~
attitude »ñϳÏÇ/»ñÏ÷»ÕÏí³Í í»ñ³μ»ñ- file ÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ý³ÛÉ:
ÙáõÝù: amends [ə΄mendz] n ѳïáõóáõÙ, ÷áËѳ-
amble [΄æmbl] n ûè ù³ÛÉ (ÓÇáõ Ù³ëÇÝ), ïáõóáõÙ. make ~ Ù»ÕùÁ ù³í»É all possible ~
ßáñáñ³í³ñ·: ѳïáõóáõÙ/÷áËѳïáõóáõÙ ³Ù»Ý Ó¨áí. To
amble [΄æmbl] v ¹³Ý¹³Õ ù³ÛÉ»ñáí ·Ý³É, make ~ he brought her flowers Ø»ÕùÁ ù³í»Éáõ
ßáñáñ³Éáí ·Ý³É. ~ round the park ¹³Ý¹³Õ ѳٳñ ݳ Ýñ³Ý ͳÕÇÏÝ»ñ μ»ñ»ó:
½μáëÝ»É ³Û·áõÙ: amenit/y [ə΄mi:nəti] n ѳñÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ,
ambler [΄æmblə] n ßáñáñáõÝ ÓÇ: ë³ñù³íáñáõÙÝ»ñ. The country cottage/house
ambrosia [æm΄brəuziə] n ¹Çó. ³Ùμñáëdz, has no ~ies Ø»ñ ³Ù³é³ÝáóÁ. ѳñÙ³ñáõ-
³ëïí³ÍÝ»ñÇ Ï»ñ³Ïáõñ: ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó ½áõñÏ ¿. (ëÇñ³ÉÇñáõÃÛáõÝ) the ~
ambulance [΄æmbjələns] n ë³ÝÇï³ñ³Ï³Ý of temper μݳíáñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ÕÙáõÃÛáõÝ. (·»-
ë³ÛɳÏ, ßï³å û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. send for the ~ Õ»óÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ÑÙ³Ûù) ~ies of home life ÁÝï³-
ßï³å û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³Ýã»É. be taken away in Ý»Ï³Ý ÏÛ³ÝùÇ Ñ³×áõÛùÝ»ñÁ. The town has
an ~ ßï³å û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ ï³Ý»É. ~ station many ~ies ø³Õ³ùÁ ½áõñÏ ã¿ ÑÙ³ÛùÇó:
ßï³å û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³Û³Ý. emergency ~ amerce [ə΄mə:s] v ïáõ·³Ý»É, å³ïÅ»É:
ßï³å û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ù»Ý³: amercement [ə΄mə:smənt] n ïáõ·³Ýù,
ambulatory [‚æmbju΄leitəri] a ß³ñųϳÝ, å³ïÇÅ:
ųٳݳϳíáñ. ~ patient ³Ùμáõɳïáñ ÑÇ- American [ə΄merikən] 1. n ³Ù»ñÇϳóÇ,
í³Ý¹: ³Ù»ñÇÏáõÑÇ. 2. a ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý:
ambush [΄æmbu∫] n ¹³ñ³Ý. lay an/make ~ americanism [ə΄merikənizm] n ³Ù»ñÇϳ-
óϳñ¹ ɳñ»É. lie in ~ ¹³ñ³Ý ÙïÝ»É. run ÝǽÙ:
into/fall into an ~ óϳñ¹ ÁÝÏÝ»É: americanize [ə΄merikənaiz] v ³Ù»ñÇϳ-
ambush [΄æmbu∫] v ¹³ñ³Ý ÙïÝ»É, ¹³ñ³- ݳóÝ»É, ³Ù»ñÇϳÝǽ٠·áñͳͻÉ:
ÝÇó ѳñÓ³Ïí»É. be ~ed óϳñ¹Ý ÁÝÏÝ»É. amethyst [΄æməθist] n ³Ù»ÃÇëï:
ameer [ə΄miə] n ¿ÙÇñ. ï»°ë amir: amiability [‚eimiə΄biləti] n ëÇñ³ÉÇñáõÃÛáõÝ,
ameliorate [ə΄mi:liəreit] v μ³ñíáù»É, μ³ñ»- μ³ñÛ³ó³Ï³ÙáõÃÛáõÝ:
ɳí»É: amiable [΄eimiəbl] a ëÇñ³ÉÇñ, μ³ñÛ³ó³-
amicability 45 Amphibia

ϳÙ. winningly ~ ѳٳÏñ»ÉÇáñ»Ý ëÇñ³ÉÇñ. ë³ñ»ñÇ Ù»ç. ~ friends μ³ñ»Ï³ÙÝ»ñÇßñç³-


He is a most ~ fellow ܳ ß³ï ëÇñ³ÉÇñ ³ÝÓ- å³ïáõÙ. one example ~ many ß³ï»ñÇ ÃíÇó/
ݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ ¿: ÙÇçÇó ÙÇ ûñÇݳÏ. divide ~ the children μ³-
amicability [‚æmikə΄biləti] n ëÇñ³ÉÇñáõ- Å³Ý»É »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñÇ Ù»ç. Leeds is ~ the largest
ÃÛáõÝ, μ³ñÛ³ó³Ï³ÙáõÃÛáõÝ: town of England ÈǹëÁ ²Ý·ÉdzÛÇ Ù»Í ù³-
amicable [΄æmikəbl] a μ³ñ»Ï³Ù³Ï³Ý, ÁÝ- Õ³ùÝ»ñÇó ¿:
Ï»ñ³Ï³Ý. ~ relations μ³ñ»Ï³Ù³Ï³Ý ѳ- amongst [ə΄mΛŋst] ï»°ë among:
ñ³μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. settle a disput in an ~ way amoral [ei΄mɒrəl] a ³Ýμ³ñá۳ϳÝ, μ³-
í»×Á ϳñ·³íáñ»É ˳ճÕ/μ³ñ»Ï³Ù³Ï³Ý ñáÛ³½áõñÏ:
Ó¨áí, Ë³Õ³Õ ÉáõÍ»É. ~ settlement μ³ñ»Ï³- amorous [΄æmərəs] a ëÇñ³Ñ³ñí³Í, ëÇ-
Ù³Ï³Ý Ñ³ßï³·Çñ: ñ³ÛÇÝ. ~ disposition Ñ»ßïáõÃÛ³Ùμ ëÇñ³Ñ³ñ-
amicably [΄æmikəbli] adv μ³ñ»Ï³Ù³Ï³Ý, íáÕ, ëÇñ³Ñ³ñÏáï. ~ poetry ëÇñ³ÛÇÝ åá»-
Ë³Õ³Õ Ï»ñåáí. live ~ Ë³Õ³Õ ³åñ»É: ½Ç³. ~ songs ëÇñ³ÛÇÝ »ñ·»ñ. ~ looks ëÇñ³-
amid [ə΄mid] prep Ù»ç, Ù»çï»Õ, ÙÇç¨. ~ the ѳñ ѳ۳óùÝ»ñ. an ~ young man ëÇñ³Ñ³ñ-
trees ͳé»ñÇ Ù»ç. í³Í »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹:
amidships [ə΄mid∫ips] adv ݳíÇ Ù»çï»ÕÁ. amorousness [΄æmərəsnəs] n ëÇñ³Ñ³ñÏá-
Our cabin is ~ Ø»ñ ËóÇÏÁ ݳíÇ Ù»çï»ÕáõÙ ïáõÃÛáõÝ:
¿: amorphous [ə΄mɔ:fəs] a ³ÝÓ¨, ³Ùáñý:
amidst [ə΄midst] ï»°ë amid: amortisation [ə‚mɔ:tai΄zei∫n] n å³ñïùÇ
amir [ə΄miə] n ¿ÙÇñ: Ù³ñáõÙ. Çñ³í. ·áõÛùÇ ûï³ñáõÙ. ³ÙáñïÇ-
amiss [ə΄mis] a, predic, adv ë˳É, í³ï. take ½³ódz:
smth ~ ëË³É Ù»Ïݳμ³Ý»É. act/do ~ í³ï/ amortise [ə΄mɔ:taiz] v å³ñïùÁ Ù³ñ»É.
ëË³É í³ñí»É. (³ÝųٳݳÏ, ³Ýï»ÕÇ) Çñ³í. ·áõÛùÝ ûï³ñ»É. ³Ùáñïǽ³ódzÛÇ
come/happen ~ ³ÝųٳݳÏ/áã ï»ÕÇÝ å³- »ÝóñÏ»É:
ï³Ñ»É/ï»ÕÇ áõݻݳÉ. Don’t take it ~ ÆÝÓ amount [ə΄maunt] n ù³Ý³Ï, ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ.
ëË³É ãѳëϳݳù. Nothing comes to him ~ considerable/vast/large/small ~ Ý߳ݳϳÉÇó/
ܳ ³Ù»Ý ÇÝãÇó û·áõï Ïù³ÕÇ. What’s ~? Ñëϳ۳ϳÝ/Ù»Í/÷áùñ ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. in
ƱÝã ¿ ѳñóÁ. A cup of tea wouldn’t come ~ ØÇ small ~s ÷áùñ ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùμ. any ~ of
μ³Å³Ï ûÛÁ ã¿ñ ˳ݷ³ñÇ. not ~ áã í³ï. money ß³ï ÷áÕ, ÷áÕÇ Ù»Í ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ.
draw ~ ÙáÉáñí»É, ÙáÉáñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÁÝÏÝ»É: any ~ of food μ³í³Ï³Ý ß³ï áõï»ÉÇù. any ~
amity [΄æməti] n μ³ñ»Ï³ÙáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳٻ- of trouble ÉñÇí ³ÝѳݷëïáõÃÛáõÝ. (ѳÝñ³-
ñ³ßËáõÃÛáõÝ. live in ~ ѳٻñ³ßË ³åñ»É. a ·áõÙ³ñ, ÁݹѳÝáõñ ·áõÙ³ñ) What is the ~
treaty of ~ μ³ñ»Ï³ÙáõÃÛ³Ý/ѳٻñ³ßËáõ- of debt? àñù³±Ý ¿ å³ñïùÇ ÁݹѳÝáõñ
ÃÛ³Ý å³Ûٳݳ·Çñ: ·áõÙ³ñÁ:
ammeter [΄æmi:tə] n ¿É. ³Ùå»ñÙ»ïñ: amount [ə΄maunt] v ÇÝã-áñ ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ
ammonia [ə΄məuniə] n ùÇÙ. ³ÙáÝdzÏ: ϳ½Ù»É, ѳí³ë³ñ ÉÇÝ»É His debt ~s to
household ~ ³Ýáõß³¹ñÇ ëåÇñï: 100.000 drams Üñ³ å³ñïùÁ 100.000
ammunition [‚æmju΄ni∫n] n ½ÇݳÙûñù, ¹ñ³ÙÇ ¿ ѳëÝáõÙ. How much does it ~ to?
é³½Ù³Ùûñù. ÷Ëμ. ½»Ýù. ~ dump é³½Ù³- àñù³±Ý ¿ ¹³ ϳ½ÙáõÙ. The bill ~ed to 20 dol
ÙûñùÇ (¹³ßï³ÛÇÝ) å³Ñ»ëï. ~ lot é³½Ù³- гßÇíÁ ùë³Ý ¹áÉɳñ ϳ½Ù»ó. It ~s to the
ÙûñùÇ ËÙμ³ù³Ý³Ï: same thing ÀݹѳÝáõñ ³éÙ³Ùμ ÝáõÛÝÝ ¿
amnesia [æm΄ni:ziə] n μÅßÏ. ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛ³Ý (·³ÉÇë). It ~s to a refusal ¸³ ѳí³ë³ñ ¿
Ïáñáõëï, ³ÙÝ»½Ç³: Ù»ñÅÙ³Ý. What he said didn’t ~ too much Üñ³
amnesty [΄æmnəsti] n Çñ³í. Ý»ñáõÙ, ѳٳ- ³ë³ÍÁ ß³ï μ³Ý ã³ñÅ», ùÇã Ý߳ݳÏáõ-
Ý»ñáõÙ, ³ÙÝÇëïdz: ÃÛáõÝ áõÝÇ:
amoeba [ə΄mi:bə] n ϻݹ. ³Ù»áμ³: amour [ə΄muə] n ë»ñ, ëÇñ³ÛÇÝ Ï³å:
amok [ə΄mɒk] adv ϳï³Õ³Í. run ~ ϳï³- amp [æmp] n ³Ù. ëɻݷ ¿É»Ïïñ³ÏÇóé:
Õáñ»Ý/·³½³Ý³μ³ñ ѳñÓ³Ïí»É: ampere [΄æmpeə] n (Ïñ×. amp.) ¿É. ³Ùå»ñ:
among [ə΄mΛŋ] prep Ù»ç, ÙÇç¨. ~ the hills Amphibia [æm΄fibiə] n pl ϻݹ. ³ÙýÇμdz-
amphibian 46 analysis

Ý»ñ, »ñÏÏ»Ýó³Õ ϻݹ³ÝÇÝ»ñ: ÁݹѳÝáõñÇ. ~ park ½í³ñ׳ѳñÙ³ñ³Ýù-


amphibian [æm΄fibiən] n ϻݹ. »ñÏÏ»Ý- Ý»ñáí ½μáë³Û·Ç. places of ~ ½í³ñ׳ÉÇùÇ
ó³Õ: í³Ûñ»ñ. time-killing ~ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ëå³-
amphibious [æm΄fibiəs] a »ñÏÏ»Ýó³Õ. ~ ÝáÕ/í³ïÝáÕ Ñ³×áõÛùÝ»ñ:
tank/vehicle é½Ù. ³ÙýÇμdz ï³ÝÏ/Ù»ù»Ý³: amusing [ə΄mju:ziŋ] a ½í³ñ׳ÉÇ, Ñ»-
amphitheatre [΄æmfi‚θiətə] n ³ÙýÇóï- ï³ùñùÇñ, ÍÇͳճ߳ñÅ. an ~ fellow/story
ñáÝ: ÍÇͳջÉÇ ïÕ³, ÍÇͳճ߳ñÅ å³ïÙ-
ample [΄æmpl] a ³é³ï, ѳñáõëï. an ~ í³Íù. ~ play/game Ñ»ï³ùñùÇñ ˳Õ. It was
supply of bread ѳóÇ ³é³ï å³ß³ñÝ»ñ ~ all very ~ ²Û¹ μáÉáñÁ ß³ï Ñ»ï³ùñùÇñ ¿ñ:
resources ѳñáõëï é»ëáõñëÝ»ñ/å³ß³ñÝ»ñ. ana [΄a:nə] n ³ë³óí³ÍùÝ»ñÇ ÅáÕáí³Íáõ. ~s
(μ³í³ñ³ñ, μ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ) ~ time μ³í³Ï³- ³Ý»Ï¹áïÝ»ñ/ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ (Ù»ÏÇ Ù³-
ÝÇÝ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï. ~ room (for parking) (ϳ۳- ëÇÝ):
Ý»Éáõ) μ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ ï»Õ 10000 drams will be anachronism [ə΄nækrənizm] n ³Ý³Ëñá-
~ 10000 ¹ñ³ÙÁ Ïμ³í³Ï³Ý³óÝÇ. ~ opportu- Ýǽ٠(ųٳݳÏÇÝ ãѳٳå³ï³ë˳ÝáÕ
nities ɳÛÝ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. make ~ μ³Ý. ûñ. Julius Caesar picked up the receiver
promises ËáëïáõÙÝ»ñ ßé³ÛÉ»É: ÐáõÉÇáë λë³ñÁ Éë³÷áÕÁ í»ñóñ»ó):
amplification [‚æmplifi΄kei∫n] n ٻͳóáõÙ, anaconda [‚ænə΄kɒndə] n ϻݹ. ³Ý³ÏáÝ-
ɳÛݳóáõÙ. é³¹. áõŻճóáõÙ: ¹³, ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ Ù»ïñ »ñϳñáõÃÛ³Ùμ ß³ï Ù»Í
amplifier [΄æmplifaiə] n ËëÏó. amp áõÅ»- ûÓ:
Õ³óáõóÇã: anaemia [ə΄ni:miə] n μÅßÏ. ë³Ï³í³ñÛáõÝáõ-
amplify [΄æmplifai] v ٻͳóÝ»É, ã³÷³- ÃÛáõÝ, ³Ý»Ùdz:
½³ÝóÝ»É, ÁݹɳÛÝ»É. Could you ~ your state- anaemic [ə΄ni:mik] a ë³Ï³í³ñÛáõÝ. ³Ý-
ment γñá±Õ »ù ³í»ÉÇ Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ Ý»ñϳ- ·áõÛÝ:
Û³óÝ»É Ó»ñ ÙÇïùÁ/¹ñáõÛÃÁ. é³¹. áõŻճó- anaesthesia [‚ænəs΄θi:ziə] n μÅßÏ. ³Ý½·³-
Ý»É: Û³óáõÙ, ó³í³½ñÏáõÙ, ݳñÏá½:
amplitude [΄æmplitju:d] n ɳÛÝù, ï³ï³Ý- anaesthetic [‚ænəs΄θetik] a μÅßÏ. ³Ý½·³-
Û³óÝáÕ/ó³í³½ñÏáÕ ÙÇçáó. local ~ ï»Õ³-
Ù³Ý É³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ýǽ. ³ÙåÉÇïáõ¹:
Ï³Ý ³Ý½·³Û³óáõÙ/ݳñÏá½:
amply [΄æmpli] adv μ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷, ÉñÇí.
be ~ supplied with ÉñÇí ³å³Ñáíí³Í ÉÇÝ»É.
anaesthetize [æ΄ni:sθətaiz] v μÅßÏ. ³Ý½·³-
Û³óÝ»É, ó³í³½ñÏ»É:
You were ~ justified by events Æñ³¹³ñÓáõ-
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ Ò»½ ÉñÇí ³ñ¹³ñ³óñÇÝ:
analogical [‚ænə΄lɒdзikl] a ÝÙ³Ý, ³Ý³Éá-
·Ç³ÛÇ íñ³ ÑÇÙÝí³Í:
ampoule, ampule [΄æmpu:l, ΄æmpju:l ] n analogous [ə΄næləgəs] a ѳٳÝÙ³Ý, Ùdz-
(ËëÏó. amp) ³ÙåáõÉ:
ÝÙ³Ý, ÝÙ³Ý:
amputate [΄æmpjuteit] v μÅßÏ. ³Ý¹³Ù³Ñ³- analogy [ə΄nælədзi] n ѳٳÝÙ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ,
ï»É, ѳï»É:
ÝÙ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ý³Éá·Ç³. by/from ~ Áëï
amputation [‚æmpju΄tei∫n] n μÅßÏ. ³Ý- ÝÙ³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý. on the ~ of ÝÙ³ÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ, Áëï
¹³Ù³Ñ³ïáõÙ:
³Ý³Éá·Ç³ÛÇ:
amulet [΄æmjulit] n óÉÇëÙ³Ý, ѳٳÛÇÉ: analysand [΄ænəlaizənd] n åëÇËá³Ý³ÉǽÇ
amuse [ə΄mju:z] v ½μ³Õ»óÝ»É, ½í³ñ׳óÝ»É. ³é³ñϳÝ/ ûμÛ»ÏïÁ:
~ guests ÑÛáõñ»ñÇÝ ½μ³Õ»óÝ»É. ~ children analyse [΄ænəlaiz] v í»ñÉáõÍ»É. ~ logically
»ñ»Ë³Ý»ñÇÝ ½í³ñ׳óÝ»É The idea ~d her ïñ³Ù³μ³Ýáñ»Ý í»ñÉáõÍ»É. ~ causes å³ï-
²Û¹ ÙÇïùÁ Ýñ³Ý ½í³ñ׳óñ»ó (½í³ñ×áõ- ׳éÝ»ñÝ áõëáõÙݳëÇñ»É. ù»ñ. ~ a sentence
ÃÛáõÝ å³ï׳é»ó). You ~ me ¸áõù ÇÝÓ ÍÇ- ݳ˳¹³ëáõÃÛáõÝÁ í»ñÉáõÍ»É. ùÇÙ., ýǽ.
ͳջóÝáõÙ »ù. It ~d me to find you here ÌÇ- ï³ññ³ÉáõÍ»É, ³Ý³ÉÇ½Ç »ÝóñÏ»É. ~ water
ͳջÉÇ ¿ Ó»½ ³Ûëï»Õ ѳݹÇå»ÉÁ. We are çáõñÁ ï³ññ³ÉáõÍ»É:
not ~d (μáÉáñáíÇÝ) ÌÇͳջÉÇ ã¿: analysis [ə΄næləsis] n í»ñÉáõÍáõÙ, í»ñÉáõÍáõ-
amusement [ə΄mju:zmənt] n ½í³ñ×áõÃÛáõÝ, ÃÛáõÝ. in the last ~ ÷Ëμ. í»ñçÇÝ Ñ³ßíáí:
½í³ñ׳Ýù, ½í³ñ׳ÉÇù. plenty of ~ ß³ï psycho ~ Ñá·»í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛáõÝ, åëÇËá³Ý³-
½í³ñ׳ÉÇùÝ»ñ. to everybody’s ~ Ç Ñ³×áõÛë Éǽ:
analyst 47 angel

analyst [΄ænəlist] n í»ñÉáõÍáÕ, ³Ý³ÉÇïÇÏ/ Ñݳ¹³ñÛ³Ý ÅáÕáíáõñ¹Ý»ñ. ³ÝïÇÏ


ѳïϳå»ë Ñá·»μ³Ý/. psycho ~Ñá·»í»ñ- ·ñáÕÝ»ñ (ÑïÏå.` ÑáõÝ³Ï³Ý ¨ ÑéáÙ»³-
Éáõͳμ³Ý, åëÇËá³Ý³ÉÇïÇÏ. ùÇÙ. ùÇÙÇ- ϳÝ). 2. a ÑÇÝ, Ñݳ¹³ñÛ³Ý. ~ culture/
Ïáë-ɳμáñ³Ýï: civilization ÑÇÝ Ùß³ÏáõÛÃ/ù³Õ³ù³ÏñÃáõ-
analytic (al) [‚ænə΄litik (l) ] a í»ñÉáõͳϳÝ: ÃÛáõÝ. ~ literature ³ÝïÇÏ ·ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. in
anamnesis [‚ænæm΄ni:sis] n ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ~ times ÑÇÝ/í³Õ ųٳݳÏÝ»ñáõÙ. ~ customs
í»ñÑáõß. μÅßÏ. ³Ý³ÙÝ»½: Ñݳ¹³ñÛ³Ý ëáíáñáõÛÃÝ»ñ. ËëÏó., ÑáõÙ. an
anarchist [΄ænəkist] n ³Ý³ñËÇëï: ~ car ß³ï ÑÇÝ Ù»ù»Ý³:
anarchy [΄ænəki] v ³ÝÇß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ancillary [æn΄siləri] a ûųݹ³Ï, »ñÏñáñ¹³-
³Ý³ñËdz: ϳÝ. ~ services ûųݹ³Ï ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ:
anathema [ə΄næθəmə] n »Ï»Õ. ݽáíù, and [ænd, ənd, ən] cnj ¨. nice and warm ï³ù
³Ý»Íù: ¨ ѳ׻ÉÇ. ~ so on ¨ ³ÛÉÝ. you ~ I »ë áõ ¹áõ.
anatomical [‚ænə΄tɒmikl] a ³Ý³ïáÙdz- (ųٳݳÏÇ/Ãí»ñÇ Ñ»ï) three ~ a half »ñ»ù
ϳÝ, ϳ½Ù³Ëáë³Ï³Ý: áõ Ï»ë. Two ~ two is four ºñÏáõëÇÝ ·áõÙ³-
anatomize [ə΄nætəmaiz] v ¹Ç³Ñ³ï»É. ÷Ëμ. ñ³Í »ñÏáõ ѳí³ë³ñ ¿ ãáñëÇ. an hour ~ 20
Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ áõëáõÙݳëÇñ»É/í»ñÉáõÍ»É: minutes ÙÇ Å³Ù 20 ñáå». (ÏñÏÝáõÃÛáõÝ,
anatomy [ə΄nætəmi] n ϳ½Ù³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝ, ï¨áÕáõÃÛáõÝ) more ~ more beautiful ³í»ÉÇ áõ
³Ý³ïáÙdz. ¹Ç³Ñ³ïáõÙ ËëÏó. áëÏáñ áõ ³í»ÉÇ ·»Õ»óÇÏ. He talked ~ talked ܳ ³Ý-
ϳßÇ, ß³ï ÝÇѳñ Ù³ñ¹: Áݹѳï ËáëáõÙ ¿ñ, ܳ ËáëáõÙ ¿ñ áõ Ëá-
ancestor [΄ænsestə] n ݳ˳ѳÛñ, ݳËÝÇ. ëáõÙ. It`s miles ~ miles away ²Ûëï»ÕÇó ß³ï
remote/illustrous ~s Ñ»é³íáñ/Ý߳ݳíáñ Ñ»éáõ ¿. ËëÏó. ѳٳñÅ»ù ¿ “to” Ù³ëÝÇÏÇÝ.
ݳËÝÇÝ»ñ: Try ~ do it öáñÓÇñ ³Û¹ ³Ý»É. (ѳϳë³Ï³Ý,
ancestral [æn΄sestrəl] a ųé³Ý·³Ï³Ý, ïñáѳϳÝ, ÇëÏ) I’ll go ~ you will stay ºë
ïáÑٳϳÝ. Ï»Ýë. ~ feature ųé³Ý·³Ï³Ý ϷݳÙ, ÇëÏ ¹áõ ÏÙݳë. ~ why not? ÇëÏ
·ÇÍ. Çñ³í. ~ property ųé³Ý·³Ï³Ý ÇÝãá±õ áã. There are friends ~ friends ÀÝÏ»ñ-
³Ýß³ñÅ ·áõÛù: Ý»ñÁ ï³ñμ»ñ »Ý ÉÇÝáõÙ, ÀÝÏ»ñÝ»ñ ¿É ϳÝ
ancestry [΄ænsestri] n ݳËÝÇù, ͳ·áõÙ: ÁÝÏ»ñÝ»ñ ¿É. It is a mere joke ~ a poor one ¸³
anchor [΄æŋkə] n ˳ñÇëË. ËëÏó. ~s (Ù»ù»- å³ñ½³å»ë ϳï³Ï ¿, Áëï áñáõÙ (³ÛÝ ¿É)
ݳÛÇ) ³ñ·»É³ÏÝ»ñ. be/lie/ride at an ~ ¿Å³Ý³·ÇÝ. (³ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí) A~ he did
˳ñëËí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. let go/drop/cast ~ ˳- come ²ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí ݳ »Ï³í:
ñÇëË ·ó»É. come to/go into ~ ˳ñëËí»É. andante [æn΄dænti] n, adv »ñÅß. ¹³Ý¹³Õ:
raise/weigh ~ ˳ñÇëËÁ μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É. ÷Ëμ. anecdote [΄ænikdəut] n ³Ý»Ï¹áï, ϳñ×
÷ñÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ë³ñÇëË, ÑáõÛëÇ Ýß³Ý: å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ. ÙÇç³¹»å. witty/amusing/
anchor [΄æŋkə] v ˳ñÇëË ·ó»É/Ý»ï»É. ~ a funny ~ ëñ³ÙÇï/½í³ñ׳ÉÇ/ÍÇͳճ߳ñÅ
ship ݳíÁ ˳ñëË»É. be ~ed ˳ñëËí³Í ÉÇ- ³Ý»Ï¹áï:
Ý»É. ÷Ëμ. ~ one’s hopes ÑáõÛë ï³Í»É. We ~ed anechoic [‚æni΄kəuik] a ÙëÝ·. ³ñÓ³·³Ýù
at Odessa Ø»Ýù ˳ñÇëË ·ó»óÇÝù ú¹»ë³- ãáõÝ»óáÕ ~ chamber Ëɳóñ³Í Ëáõó, ϳٻ-
ÛáõÙ: ñ³:
anchorage [΄æŋkəridз] n ˳ñë˳ϳ۳Ý. anemone [ə΄neməni] n ÑáÕٳͳÕÇÏ,
˳ñë˳ÛÇÝ ïáõñù. ÷Ëμ. Ñáõë³ÉÇ Ñ»- ³Ý»ÙáÝ:
ݳñ³Ý, ÷ñÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ë³ñÇëË: aneroid [΄ænərɔid] n ~ barometer μ³ñáÙ»ïñ:
anchored [΄æŋkəd] a ˳ñëËí³Í. ÷Ëμ. anew [ə΄nju:] adv ÝáñÇó/Ýáñ ï³ñμ»ñ, Ýáñá-
ѳëï³ïí³Í, ³ñÙ³ï³ó³Í: íÇ Ó¨áí:
anchoret [΄æŋkərət] n ٻݳÏÛ³ó, ׷ݳíáñ: anfractuous [æn΄fræktjuəs] a áÉáñ³-
anchorman [΄æŋkəmæn] n ËëÏó. íëï³- åïáõÛï, μ³ñ¹, Ë××í³Í:
Ñ»ÉÇ Ù³ñ¹, ѻݳñ³Ý: angel [΄eindзəl] n Ññ»ßï³Ï. good/evil ~ μ³-
anchovy [΄ænt∫əvi] n ³ÝÓñáõÏ (ÓÏ³Ý ñÇ/ã³ñ Ññ»ßï³Ï. ~ of death Ù³Ñí³Ý Ññ»ß-
ï»ë³Ï), ³Ýãááõë: ï³Ï. have the patiens of an ~ Ññ»ßï³ÏÇ Ñ³Ù-
ancient [΄ein∫ənt] 1. n (ëáíñ. Ñá·Ý.) the ~s μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ. Be an ~ ËëÏó. ´³ñÇ »-
angeleno 48 animosity

ÕÇñ. guardian ~ å³Ñ³å³Ý Ññ»ßï³Ï. fallen çÕ³Ûݳó³Í. ~ voice/face/look ½³Ûñ³ó³Í


~ ÁÝϳÍ/ÏáñͳÝí³Í Ññ»ßï³Ï. as pure/ mild/ Ó³ÛÝ/¹»Ùù/ѳ۳óù. be ~ with/at ½³Ûñ³Ý³É
gentle as an ~ Ññ»ßï³ÏÇ å»ë Ù³ùáõñ/ Ñ»½/ Ù»ÏÇ/ÙÇ μ³ÝÇ íñ³. become/get/grow ~ ½³Û-
Ù»ÕÙ. ~ dust ³Ù. ëɻݷ íï³Ý·³íáñ ÃÙñ³- ñ³Ý³É. make ~ ½³Ûñ³óÝ»É. ~ young men
¹»Õ. ÙëÝ·. é³¹Çá. é³¹³ñ³ÛÇÝ ³ñÓ³·³Ýù: (²Ý·ÉdzÛáõÙ) ùÝݳ¹³ïáñ»Ý ïñ³Ù³-
angeleno [΄ændзili:nɔu] n (pl -os) ³Ù. Èáë- ¹ñí³Í »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹áõÃÛáõÝ:
²Ýç»ÉáëÇ μݳÏÇã: anguish [΄æŋgwi∫] n ï³é³å³Ýù, ï³Ý-
angelic [æn΄dзelik] a Ññ»ßï³Ï³ÛÇÝ, Ññ»ß- ç³Ýù. be in ~ ï³é³å»É. suffer ~ ï³é³-
ï³ÏÇ ÝÙ³Ý: å³Ýù Ïñ»É. ~ of body and mind Ù³ñÙݳϳÝ
anger [΄æŋgə] n μ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ½³ÛñáõÛÃ. hot/ ¨ Ñá·»Ï³Ý ï³é³å³Ýù. a ~ed looks ï³Ý-
controlled/sham ~ ËÇëï/½ëåí³Í/Ï»ÕÍ ½³Û- ç³ÉÇó ï»ëù. with an ~ed look ï³Ýç³ÉÇó
ñáõÛÃ. in ~ ½³Ûñ³ó³Í. in a moment of ~ ½³Û- ѳ۳óùáí:
ñáõÛÃÇ å³ÑÇÝ. burn with ~ ½³ÛñáõÛÃÇó ³Ûñ- angular [΄æŋgjulə] a Ù³Ã. ³ÝÏÛáõݳÛÇÝ,
í»É. be filled with ~ ½³ÛñáõÛÃáí Éóí³Í ÉÇÝ»É: ³ÝÏÛáõݳíáñ. ÷Ëμ. ³ÝßÝáñÑù, ³Ýï³ß:
anger [΄æŋgə] v ½³Ûñ³óÝ»É, μ³ñϳóÝ»É. be angularity [‚æŋgju΄lærəti] n ³ÝÏÛáõݳíá-
~ed μ³ñϳݳÉ, ½³Ûñ³Ý³É. be speechlessly ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
~ed ½³ÛñáõÛÃÇó å³å³ÝÓí»É. He ~ed me by anhydride [æn΄haidraid] n ùÇÙ. ³ÝÑǹñǹ:
his stupidity Üñ³ ÑÇÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÇÝÓ ½³Û- anhydrous [æn΄haidrəs] a ùÇÙ. ³Ýçáõñ,
ñ³óñ»ó: çñ³½áõñÏ:
angina [æn΄dзainə] n ³Ý·Çݳ. μÅßÏ. ~ animal [΄æniml] n ϻݹ³ÝÇ, ³Ý³ëáõÝ. wild
pectoris ÏñÍù³Ñ»ÕÓáõÏ: ~ í³ÛñÇ Ï»Ý¹³ÝÇ, ·³½³Ý. domestic ~ ÁÝ-
angle I [΄æŋgl] n ³ÝÏÛáõÝ. an acute/obtuse/right ï³ÝÇ Ï»Ý¹³ÝÇ. farm ~s ÁÝï³ÝÇ Ï»Ý¹³ÝÇ-
~ ëáõñ/μáõÃ/áõÕÇÕ ³ÝÏÛáõÝ. adjacent ~s ÏÇó Ý»ñ. trapped ~ ѳɳÍí³Í/áõųëå³é Ï»Ý-
³ÝÏÛáõÝÝ»ñ. at a right ~, at right ~s áõÕÇÕ ¹³ÝÇ. dumb ~ ³ÝÉ»½áõ ϻݹ³ÝÇ:
³ÝÏÛ³Ý ï³Ï. Look at it from this ~ ²Ûë ³ÝÏ- animal [΄æniml] a ϻݹ³Ý³Ï³Ý, ³Ý³ëݳ-
ÛáõÝÇó ݳۻù. consider from another ~ ³ÛÉ Ï³Ý, ³Ý³ëݳÛÇÝ. the ~ kingdom ϻݹ³Ý³-
ï»ë³Ï»ïÇó Ùáï»Ý³É/ùÝݳñÏ»É. look at the Ï³Ý ³ß˳ñÑ. ~ fear ³Ý³ëÝ³Ï³Ý í³Ë. ~
question from all ~s ѳñóÇÝ Ùáï»Ý³É μáÉáñ breeder ³Ý³ëݳμáõÛÅ. ~ husbandry ³Ý³ë-
ݳå³Ñ³Ï³Ý ý»ñÙ³. ~ desires ³Ý³ëݳÛÇÝ
ï»ë³ÝÏÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó:
ÏÇñù. ~ spirits Ï»Ýëáõñ³ËáõÃÛáõÝ. ËëÏó. ~
angle II [΄æŋgl] n ÓÏÝáñë³Ï³Ý Ï»é v ÓáõÏ
crackers ϻݹ³Ý³Ó¨ ÃËí³Íù:
áñë³É (ϳñÃáí) ÷Ëμ. óϳñ¹ ɳñ»É. ~ for
an invitation/compliments Ññ³í»ñÇ/ѳ×áÛ³-
animalize [΄æminəlaiz] v (Ù³ñ¹áõÝ) ³Ý³ë-
ݳóÝ»É, ѳëóÝ»É ³Ý³ëáõÝÇ ³ëïÇ׳ÝÇ.
ËáëáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ³éÇà ï³É:
³Ý³ëÝ³Ï³Ý Ïñù»ñ μáñμáù»É:
angler [΄æŋglə] n ÓÏÝáñë (ϳñÃáí): animate [΄ænimət] a ϻݹ³ÝÇ, ³ßËáõÛÅ.
Anglican [΄æŋglikən] n ²Ý·ÉÇ³Ï³Ý ºÏ»Õ»- ù»ñ. ßÝã³íáñ:
óáõ ³Ý¹³Ù:
animate [΄ænimeit] v ³ßËáõųóÝ»É, á·¨á-
anglicize [΄æŋglisaiz] v ³Ý·ÉdzϳݳóÝ»É: ñ»É. The news ~d us ²Û¹ ÉáõñÁ Ù»½ á·¨áñ»ó.
anglomania [‚æŋgləu΄meiniə] n ³Ý·ÉdzÙá- A smile ~d her face ÄåÇïÁ ϻݹ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ
ÉáõÃÛáõÝ:
ïí»ó Ýñ³ ¹»ÙùÇÝ:
anglophile [΄æŋgləufail] n ³Ý·Édzë»ñ: animated [΄ænimeitid] a ³ßËáõÛÅ, ϻݹ³ÝÇ.
anglophobia [‚æŋgləu΄fəubjə] n ³Ý·Édz- ~ conversation ³ßËáõÛÅ ½ñáõÛó. ~ cartoon
ïÛ³ó: ÙáõÉïÇåÉÇϳódz, ÙáõÉïýÇÉÙ:
anglophone [΄æŋgləufəun] n ³Ý·ÉdzËáë. ~ animation [‚æni΄mei∫n] n ³ßËáõÅáõÃÛáõÝ,
canadians ³Ý·ÉdzËáë ϳݳ¹³óÇÝ»ñ: á·¨áñáõÃÛáõÝ. ÙáõÉïýÇÉÙÇ ëï»ÕÍáõÙ. with
Anglo-Saxon [‚æŋgləu΄sæksn] n, a ³Ý·Éá- ~ á·¨áñáõÃÛ³Ùμ:
ë³ùëáݳóÇ, ³Ý·Éáë³ùëáݳϳÝ: animosity [‚æni΄mɒsəti] n ÃßݳÙáõÃÛáõÝ,
angrily [΄æŋgrili] adv ½³Ûñ³ó³Í, μ³ñϳ- ã³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ against/towards smb ÃßݳÙáõ-
ó³Í: ÃÛáõÝ áñ¨¿ Ù»ÏÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ. with ~ Ãßݳ-
angry [΄æŋgri] a μ³ñϳó³Í, ½³Ûñ³ó³Í, Ù³μ³ñ:
animus 49 anomaly

animus [΄æniməs] n ÃßݳÙáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ý- ï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ. according to a recent


μ³ñÛ³ó³Ï³ÙáõÃÛáõÝ: ~ Áëï í»ñç»ñë ³ñí³Í ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý:
ankle [΄æŋkl] n Ïá× (áïùÇ). twist/sprain one’s announcer [ə΄naunsə] n é³¹. ѳÕáñ¹³-
~ áïùÁ áÉáñ»É. be ~ deep in mud ÙÇÝ㨠Ïá- í³ñ:
×»ñÁ ó»ËÇ Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É. ~ sock ÏÇë³·áõÉå³: annoy [ə΄nɔi] v ëñïݻջÉ, Ó³ÝÓñ³óÝ»É.
annalist [΄ænəlist] n ï³ñ»·Çñ, ï³ñ»·ñáõ- çÕ³ÛݳóÝ»É, ·ñ·é»É. get/feel/be ~ed çÕ³Û-
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ÕÇݳÏ. å³ïÙ³·Çñ: ݳݳÉ, Ó³ÝÓñ³Ý³É. He ~ed me with his
annals [΄ænlz] n pl ï³ñ»·ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ, questions ܳ Çñ ѳñó»ñáí ÇÝÓ Ó³ÝÓñ³ó-
å³ïÙ³Ï³Ý ËñáÝÇϳ: ñ»ó:
annex [΄æneks] n ÏÇó ϳéáõÛó, è³ß»Ýù. ~ to annoyance [ə΄nɔiəns] n ëñïÝ»ÕáõÙ, íñ¹áí-
a hotel ÑÛáõñ³ÝáóÇÝ ÏÇó ϳéáõÛó. (Éñ³óáõÙ, ÙáõÝù, ½³ÛñáõÛÃ: much to my ~ Ç Ù»Í ïѳ-
ÏóáõÙ) ~ to a book ·ñùÇ Ñ³í»Éí³Í ~ to a ×áõÃÛ³Ýë:
treaty å³Ûٳݳ·ñÇ Çñ³óáõÙ:
annoying [ə΄nɔiŋ] a ïѳ×, ³Ý³ËáñÅ. She
can be very ~ ܳ ϳñáÕ ¿ å³ñ½³å»ë ³Ý-
annex [ə΄neks] v ÙdzóÝ»É, Ïó»É. μéݳÏó»É.
ï³Ý»ÉÇ ÉÇÝ»É. The ~ thing is ... ²Ù»Ý³ïѳ-
The list ~ed ÎÇó ïñíáõÙ ¿ óáõó³ÏÁ. ~
×Á/ëñïÝ»ÕÇãÁ ³ÛÝ ¿..:
territory ï³ñ³Íù ÙdzóÝ»É:
annexation [‚ænek΄sei∫n] n ÙdzóáõÙ, ÏóáõÙ, annual [΄ænjuəl] a ï³ñ»Ï³Ý, ï³ñí³. ³Ù»-
ݳÙÛ³. ÙdzÙÛ³, ÙdzÙÛ³ μáõÛë. ~ meeting/
³Ý»ùëÇa. forcible ~ μéÝÇ ÙdzóáõÙ:
journey/payment ³Ù»Ý³ÙÛ³ ÅáÕáí/׳Ù÷áñ-
annihilate [ə΄naiəleit] v áãÝã³óÝ»É, í»ñ³ó- ¹áõÃÛáõÝ/í׳ñáõÙÝ»ñ. ~ income ï³ñ»Ï³Ý
Ý»É, μݳçÝç»É:
»Ï³Ùáõï. ~ review ï³ñ»Ï³Ý ³Ù÷á÷áõÙ. ~
annihilation [ə‚naiə΄lei∫n] n áãÝã³óáõÙ, leave/conference ï³ñ»Ï³Ý ³ñÓ³Ïáõñ¹/ ÏáÝ-
μݳçÝçáõÙ:
ý»ñ³Ýë:
anniversary [‚æni΄və:səri] n ï³ñ»¹³ñÓ, annually [΄ænjuəli] adv ï³ñ»Ï³Ý:
ï³ñ»ÉÇó. wedding ~ ѳñë³ÝÛ³ó ï³ñ»-
annuity [ə΄nju:əti] n ï³ñ»Ï³Ý ߳ѳμ³-
¹³ñÓ. in honour of the ~ Ç å³ïÇí ï³ñ»- ÅÇÝ/»Ï³Ùáõï. life ~ óÙ³Ñ »Ï³Ùáõï/߳ѳ-
¹³ñÓÇ. an ~ dinner ï³ñ»¹³ñÓÇÝ ÝíÇñí³Í μ³ÅÇÝ:
׳ßÏ»ñáõÛÃ: annul [ə΄nΛl] v áãÝã³óÝ»É, ã»ÕÛ³É Ñ³Ûï³-
Anno Domini [‚ænəu΄dɒminai] adv Ù»ñ ñ³ñ»É, ³Ýí³í»ñ ѳٳñ»É. ~ a law ûñ»ÝùÁ
Ãí³ñÏáõÃÛ³Ý: ã»ÕÛ³É Ñ³Ù³ñ»É. ~ an agreement ѳٳ-
annotate [΄ænəuteit] v ͳÝáó·ñ»É, ³Ýá- Ó³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ã»ÕÛ³É Ñ³Ù³ñ»É. ~ a marriage
ï³ódz ·ñ»É: ³ÙáõëݳÉáõÍ»É:
annotation [‚ænəu΄tei∫n] n ͳÝáó·ñáõ- annular [΄ænjulə] a ûÕ³Ó¨, ûÕ³íáñ:
ÃÛáõÝ, ³Ýáï³ódz: annulet [΄ænjulət] n ×ñï. ëÛáõݳ·áïÇ:
announce [ə΄nauns] v ѳÛï³ñ³ñ»É, ѳ- annulment [ə΄nΛlmənt] n áãÝã³óáõÙ,
Õáñ¹»É, ͳÝáõó»É. ~ the results/names of the çÝçáõÙ:
winners/the date of arrival/smb’s engagement annunciate [ə΄nΛnsieit] v ѳÛï³ñ³ñ»É,
ѳÛï³ñ³ñ»É ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁ/ѳÕÃáÕÝ»ñÇ ³½¹³ñ³ñ»É:
³ÝáõÝÝ»ñÁ/ųٳÝÙ³Ý ûñÁ/Ýß³Ýí»Éáõ Éáõ- annunciation [ə‚nΛnsi΄ei∫n] n ³½¹³ñ³-
ñÁ. ~ over the radio/at a meeting/in the papers ñáõÙ. ÏñáÝ. ³í»ïáõÙ (ݳ¨ª Annunciation
ѳÕáñ¹»É é³¹ÇáÛáí/ѳÛï³ñ³ñ»É ÅáÕá- Day):
íáõÙ, ѳÝñ³Ñ³í³ùáõÙ/ûñûñáõÙ (ѳÛï- anode [΄ænəud] n ¿É. ³Ýá¹:
Ý»É, ï»Õ»Ï³óÝ»É) A~ Mr White гÛïÝ»ù, anodyne [΄ænəudain] n ó³í Ù»ÕÙ³óÝáÕ
áñ »Ï»É ¿ åñÝ àõ³ÛÃÁ: ÝÛáõÃ, ó³í³Ùáù:
announcement [ə΄naunsmənt] n ѳÛï³- anointment [ə΄nɔintmənt] n ÛáõÕ ùë»ÉÁ, Ûáõ-
ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳÕáñ¹áõÙ. ~ of forthcoming Õ»ÉÁ. ÏñáÝ. ûÍáõÙ:
concert/wedding гÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ·³ÉÇù anomalous [ə΄nɒmələs] a ³ÝϳÝáÝ, ³Ýá-
ѳٻñ·Ç/ѳñë³ÝÇùÇ Ù³ëÇÝ. The ~ appea- Ù³É:
red yesterday гÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ »ñ»Ï ³ñ- anomaly [ə΄nɒməli] n ³ÝϳÝáÝáõÃÛáõÝ,
í»ó. have an important ~ to make ϳñ¨áñ ѳÛ- ³ÝáÙ³Édz:
anon 50 anthracite

anon [ə΄nɒn] adv ÑÇÙ³, ³ÝÙÇç³å»ë. ever be ~ to the proposal μ³ó³ñӳϳå»ë ¹»Ù
and ~ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ³é ųٳݳÏ, ³ÝÁݹѳï: ÉÇÝ»É ³é³ç³ñÏÇÝ:
anonym [΄ænənim] n ³Ý³ÝáõÝ Ñ»ÕÇݳÏ. antagonize [æn΄tægənaiz] v ѳϳ¹ñí»É,
Ï»ÕͳÝáõÝ: ¹ÇÙ³¹ñ»É. He manages to ~ everybody ܳ
anonymity [‚ænə΄niməti] n ³Ý³ÝáõÝáõ- ѳçáÕ»óÝáõÙ ¿ μáÉáñÇÝ Çñ ¹»Ù ïñ³Ù³-
ÃÛáõÝ: ¹ñ»É:
anonymous [ə΄nɒniməs] a ³Ý³ÝáõÝ. ~ letter Antarctic [ænt΄a:ktik] n, a the A~ ²Ýï³ñÏ-
³Ýëïáñ³·Çñ ݳٳÏ: ïÇϳ. A~ circle ѳñ³í³ÛÇÝ μ¨»é³Ù³ë. ~
anorak [΄ænəræk] n ·É˳Ýáóáí μ³×ÏáÝ: pole ѳñ³í³ÛÇÝ μ¨»é.
another [ə΄nΛðə] a, pron áõñÇß, áõñÇßÁ. A~ ant-bear [΄æntbeə] n ϻݹ. Ùñçݳϻñ:
will do it differently Ø»Ï áõñÇßÁ ¹³ Ù»Ï ³ÛÉ ante [΄ænti] pref ݳË(³):
Ó¨áí ϳÝÇ. ~ time ÙÇ áõñÇß ³Ý·³Ù. There is antecedence [‚ænti΄si:dəns] n ݳËáñ¹áõÙ:
~ way γ Ù»Ï ³ÛÉ áõÕÇ. He’s just such ~ ܳ antecedent [‚ænti΄si:dənt] 1.n ݳËáñ¹. 2. a
¿É ¿ ³Û¹åÇëÇÝ. We need ~ ticket Ø»½ Ù»Ï Ý³Ëáñ¹áÕ, ݳËÁÝóó:
ïáÙë ¿É ¿ ѳñϳíáñ. ~ cup of tea ¨ë Ù»Ï antechamber [΄ænti‚t∫eimbə] n ݳ˳ë»Ý-
μ³Å³Ï ûÛ. Have ~ try ÜáñÇó/Ø»Ï ³Ý·³Ù Û³Ï:
¨ë ÷áñÓ»ù. without ~ word ³Ûɨë áã ÙÇ μ³é antedate [‚ænti΄deit] v Ñ»ïÇÝ Ãíáí ·ñ»É/
·ñ³Ýó»É ~ a letter ݳٳÏÁ Ñ»ïÇÝ Ãíáí
ã³ë»É. That’s quite ~ matter ¸³ μáÉáñáíÇÝ
Ãí³Ï³É»É. The event ~d his arrival Æñ³¹³ñ-
³ÛÉ μ³Ý ¿. one ~ Ù»ÏÁ ÙÛáõëÇÝ. The houses are
ÓáõÃÛáõÝÁ ݳËáñ¹»ó Ýñ³ ·³ÉëïÛ³ÝÁ:
close to one ~ Þ»Ýù»ñÁ ·ïÝíáõÙ »Ý Ù»ÏÁ
ÙÛáõëÇ ÏáÕùÇÝ. one after ~ Ù»ÏÁ ÙÛáõëÇ
antediluvian [‚æntidi΄lu:viən] a ݳ˳-
çñѻջճÛÇÝ. ÷Ëμ. ÑݳٻÝÇ, áã Ùá¹³ÛÇÏ.
Ñ»ï¨Çó. one thing and ~ Ù»Ï ³Ûë, Ù»Ï ³ÛÝ:
ÑÝ³×³ß³Ï Ù³ñ¹, ½³é³ÙÛ³É Í»ñáõÝÇ:
answer [΄a:nsə] n å³ï³ë˳Ý. right/wrong/
foolish/clever/final ~ ×Çßï/ë˳É/ÑÇÙ³ñ/Ë»-
antelope [΄æntiləup] n ϻݹ. ³ÛÍ»ÕçÛáõñ:
ɳóÇ/í»ñçÝ³Ï³Ý å³ï³ë˳Ý. in ~ to Ç
antemeridian [‚æntimə΄ridiən] a ÙÇÝãÏ»ë-
ûñÛ³:
å³ï³ë˳Ý. make no ~ ãå³ï³ë˳ݻÉ.
for ~ å³ï³ë˳ÝÇ ÷á˳ñ»Ý, áñå»ë å³-
ante meridiem [‚æntimə΄ridiəm] adv (Ïñ×
a. m.) ³é³íáïÛ³Ý, ÙÇÝ㨠ϻëûñ:
ï³ë˳Ý. Ù³Ã. (ÉáõÍáõÙ) the ~ to a prob-
antenatal [‚ænti΄neitl] a ݳ˳ÍÝݹ³μ»ñ³-
lem/task ËݹñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÁ. find the ~ ÉáõÍáõÙÁ
ϳÝ, Ý»ñ³ñ·³Ý¹³ÛÇÝ ÏÛ³ÝùÇÝ í»ñ³μ»-
·ïÝ»É. have a complete ~ to ëå³éÇã å³-
ñáÕ. ~ clinic ϳݳóÇ ÏáÝëáõÉï³ódz:
ï³ëË³Ý ï³É. know all the ~s ËáëùÇ ï³Ï
antenna [æn΄tenə] n (pl antennae [æn΄teni:])
ãÙݳÉ:
é³¹. ³É»Ñ³í³ù, ³Ýï»Ý³:
answer [΄a:nsə] v å³ï³ë˳ݻÉ. ~ a ques- anterior [æn΄tiəriə] a ݳËáñ¹áÕ, ݳËáñ¹.
tion/letter ѳñóÇÝ/ݳٳÏÇÝ å³ï³ë˳ݻÉ. ³éç¨Ç, ³é³çÇ:
~ the telephone Éë³÷áÕÁ μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É. ~ the anteriority [æn‚tiəri΄ɒrəti] n ³é³çÝáõÃÛáõÝ,
bell/the door ¹áõéÁ μ³ó»É. ~ a call/summons ³Ý¹ñ³ÝÇÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
³ñÓ³·³Ýù»É/ϳÝãÇÝ. ~ for å³ï³ë˳ݳ- anteriorly [æn΄tiəriəli] adv ³é³ç, ݳË,
ïáõ ÉÇÝ»É. (ѳٳå³ï³ë˳ݻÉ) ~ a dis- ³í»ÉÇ í³Õ:
cription/purpose Ýϳñ³·ñáõÃÛ³ÝÁ/Ýå³ï³- ante-room [΄æntiru:m] n ݳ˳ëñ³Ñ, ݳ-
ÏÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ë˳ݻÉ: ˳ë»ÝÛ³Ï:
answerable [΄a:nsərəbl] a å³ï³ë˳ݳ- ant-fly [΄æntflai] n è³íáñ ÙñçÛáõÝ:
ïáõ. be ~ for smth to smb å³ï³ë˳ݳïáõ anthem [΄ænθəm] n ÑÇÙÝ. National ~ å»ï³-
ÉÇÝ»É Ù»ÏÇ ³é³ç, áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ: Ï³Ý ÑÇÙÝ/ûñÑÝ»ñ·:
answerless [΄a:nsərləs] a ³Ýå³ï³ë˳Ý: anther [΄ænθə] n μëμ. ÷áß³ÝáÃ:
ant [ænt] n ÙñçÛáõÝ. white ~ ï»ñÙÇï: ant-hill [΄ænthil] n ÙñçݳμáõÛÝ:
antagonism [æn΄tægənizm] n ѳϳٳñ- anthology [æn΄θɒlədзi] n ÅáÕáí³Íáõ, ³Ý-
ïáõÃÛáõÝ, ÃßݳÙáõÃÛáõÝ. feel strong ~ áõÅ»Õ ÃáÉá·Ç³:
ѳϳÏñ³Ýù ½·³É: anthracite [΄ænθrəsait] n ³Ýïñ³óÇï (ɳí
antagonist [æn΄tægənist] n ѳϳé³Ïáñ¹. ï»ë³ÏÇ ù³ñ³ÍáõË):
anthrax 51 antiscorbutic

anthrax [΄ænθræks] n óñ³Ë³áõéáõóù, anticyclone [‚ænti΄saikləun] n ѳϳóÇÏÉáÝ,


ëÇμÇñ³Ëï: ³ÝïÇóÇÏÉáÝ:
anthropoid [΄ænθrəupɔid ] n, a Ù³ñ¹³- anti-doping [‚ænti΄dəupiŋ] a ѳϳÃÙñ³-
ÝÙ³Ý, Ù³ñ¹³Ï»ñå. Ù³ñ¹³ÝÙ³Ý Ï³åÇÏ: ÙáɳÛÇÝ:
anthropologist [‚ænθrə΄pɒlədзist] n Ù³ñ- antidote [΄æntidəut] n ѳϳÃáõÛÝ. an ~
¹³μ³Ý: against/for/to snakebite ѳϳÃáõÛÝ ûÓÇ Ë³Û-
anthropology [‚ænθrə΄pɒlədзi] n Ù³ñ¹³- ÃáóÇ ¹»Ù£
μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ÝÃñáåáÉá·Ç³: anti fascist [‚ænti΄fæ∫ist] n ѳϳý³ßÇëï:
anthropophagi [‚ænθrəu΄pɒfəgai] n Ù³ñ- antifreeze [΄æntifri:z] n ãë³éãáÕ Ë³éÝáõñ¹,
¹³Ï»ñáõÃÛáõÝ: ³ÝïÇýñǽ:
anti [΄ænti] pref. ѳϳ, Áݹ¹»Ù, ³ÝïÇ: antigravity [‚ænti΄grævəti] n ѳϳӷáÕ³-
anti-aircraft [‚ænti΄eəkra:ft] a ѳϳû¹³- ϳÝ. ïÇ»½. ѳϳí»ñ³μ»éÝÙ³Ý:
ÛÇÝ, ½»ÝÇóÛÇÝ: antimatter [΄ænti‚mætə] n ýǽ. ѳϳ-
antibiotic [‚æntibai΄ɒtik] n, a ³ÝïÇμÇá- Ù³ï»ñdz:
ïÇÏ: antimissile [‚ænti΄misail] a ѳϳÑñÃÇ-
antibody [΄ænti‚bɒdi] n ѳϳٳñÙÇÝ: é³ÛÇÝ:
antichrist [΄æntikraist] n ѳϳùñÇëïáë, antimony [΄æntiməni] n ëáõñÙ³:
Ý»é: antiparticle [΄ænti‚pa:tikl] n ýǽ. ѳϳ-
anticipant [æn΄tisipənt] n ݳ˳·áõß³ÏáÕ, Ù³ëÝÇÏ:
ϳÝ˳·áõß³ÏáÕ: antipathetic [‚æntipə΄θetik] a ѳϳÏñ»ÉÇ. I
anticipate [æn΄tisipeit] v ݳ˳ï»ë»É, find him ~ ܳ ÇÝÓ Ñ³Ï³Ïñ³Ýù ¿ Ý»ñßÝãáõÙ:
ϳÝ˳ï»ë»É. ݳ˳½·³É, ³ÏÝϳɻÉ. I ~ antipathy [æn΄tipəθi] n ѳϳÏñ³Ýù, ѳ-
an interesting lecture ºë ϳÝ˳ï»ëáõÙ »Ù, ϳÏñáõÃÛáõÝ:
áñ ¹³ë³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ñ»ï³ùñùÇñ ÏÉÇÝÇ. ~ antipodal [æn΄tipədl] a ïñ³Ù³·Íáñ»Ý ѳ-
a stormy meeting ϳÝ˳ï»ë»É ÷áÃáñÏáï ϳé³Ï:
ÅáÕáí. ~ success ѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ ³ÏÝϳɻÉ/ antipodes [æn΄tipədi:z] n pl ѳÏáïÝÛ³.
ϳÝ˳í³Û»É»É. ~ smb’s wishes ϳÝ˳å»ë ³ßËñ·. ѳÏáïÝ۳ݻñ:
Ïé³Ñ»É Ù»ÏÇ ó³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ: antipollution [‚æntipə΄lu:∫n] n (ßñç³Ï³
anticipation [‚æntisi΄pei∫n] n ݳ˳ï»- ÙÇç³í³ÛñÁ) ³ÕïáïáõÙÇó å³ßïå³ÝáÕ:
ëáõÙ, ³ÏÝϳÉÇù, ëå³ë»ÉÇù. by ~ ݳ˳- antiquarian [‚ænti΄kweəriən] 1. n Ñݳѳ-
å»ë, ݳËûñáù. in ~ of ³ÏÝϳɻÉáí thankng í³ù. ÑÇÝ, ³ñÅ»ù³íáñ Çñ»ñ í³×³éáÕ.
you in ~ ݳËûñáù ßÝáñѳϳÉáõÃÛáõÝ. in ~ ³ÝïÇÏí³ñ. 2. a ³ÝïÇÏí³ñ³ÛÇÝ£
of an early reply ³ÏÝϳɻÉáí ³ñ³· å³- antiquary [΄æntikwəri] n Ñݳѳí³ù, Ñݳ-
ï³ëË³Ý (ݳٳÏÇ í»ñçáõÙ): ·Çï³Ï, ³ÝïÇÏí³ñ:
anticipatory [æn΄tisipətəri] a ݳËݳϳÝ, antiquated [΄æntikweitid] a Ñݳó³Í, Ñݳ-
í³Õ³Å³Ù: ï³ñ³½, Ñݳá×:
anticlerical [‚ænti΄klerikl] a ѳϳÏÕ»ñ³- antique [æn΄ti:k] 1. n ÑÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ³ÝïÇÏí³-
ϳÝ: ñ³ÛÇÝ Çñ, ·»Õ³ñí»ëï³Ï³Ý ·áñÍ. He sells
anticlimax [‚ænti΄klaimæks] n ³ÝÏáõÙ, ~s ܳ Ñݳí³×³é/³ÝïÇÏí³ñ ¿. the ~ ³Ý-
Ñdzëó÷áõÃÛáõÝ. ~ after the concert ɳñí³- ïÇÏ á×. 2. a Ñݳ¹³ñÛ³Ý, ³ÝïÇÏ. an ~ shop
ÍáõÃÛ³Ý ³ÝÏáõ٠ѳٻñ·Çó Ñ»ïá. The Ñݳí³×³éùÇ Ë³ÝáõÃ:
ceremony was an ~ ²ñ³ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ μáÉáñÇÝ antiquit/y [æn΄tikwəti] n ÑÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ÑÇÝ Å³-
Ñdzëó÷»óñ»ó: ٳݳÏÝ»ñ/³ß˳ñÑ. high ~ Ëáñ ÑÝáõÃÛáõÝ.
anticlockwise [‚ænti΄klɒkwais] adv ųٳ- ~ ies ÑÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ, Ñáõß³ñÓ³ÝÝ»ñ. the ~ ies
óáõÛóÇ ëɳùÇÝ Ñ³Ï³é³Ï: of Ancient Greece ÐÇÝ Ðáõݳëï³ÝÇ Ñáõß³ñ-
anticrop [‚ænti΄krɒp] n, a ·Õï. Ñ»ñμÇóǹ, Ó³ÝÝ»ñÁ:
Ñ»ñμÇóǹ³ÛÇÝ: antiscorbutic [‚æntiskɔ:΄bju:tik] a, n ѳ-
antics [΄æntiks] n ã³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ã³ñ³××Ç Ï³Éݹ³Ëï³ÛÇÝ. ѳϳÉݹ³Ëï³ÛÇÝ ÙÇ-
³ñ³ñùÝ»ñ: çáó:
anti-Semite 52 anything

anti-Semite [‚ænti΄si:mait] n Ññ»³ïÛ³ó: ϳó³Í. ~ person/qwuestion/creature ó³Ýϳ-


anti-Semitism [‚ænti΄semitizm] n Ññ»³ï»- ó³Í ³ÝÓݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ/ѳñó/³ñ³ñ³Í. in ~
óáõÃÛáõÝ: case ³Ù»Ý ¹»åùáõÙ. A~ child knows it ²Ù»Ý
antiseptic [‚ænti΄septik] a, n ѳϳݻËÇã. ÙÇ »ñ»Ë³ ³Û¹ ·ÇïÇ. Take ~ bus Üëï»ù
ѳϳݻËÇã ÙÇçáó: ó³Ýϳó³Í ³íïáμáõë. Come ~ time ºÏ»ù
antisocial [‚ænti΄səu∫l] a ѳϳѳë³ñ³Ï³- ó³Ýϳó³Í ųٳݳÏ. (ѳñó. ݳË.) áñ¨¿.
ϳÝ. ³ÝѳÕáñ¹³ë»ñ, ãß÷íáÕ. Reading at Is there ~ shop nearby? Øáï»ñùáõÙ áñ¨¿
table is ~ ê»Õ³ÝÇ ßáõñçÁ ϳñ¹³ÉÁ ï·»Õ Ë³Ýáõà ϳ±. without ~ doubts ³é³Ýó áñ¨¿
μ³Ý ¿: ϳëϳÍÇ. Have you ~ news? àñ¨¿ Éáõñ ϳ±.
antitank [‚ænti΄tæŋk] a ѳϳï³ÝϳÛÇÝ: A~ questons? гñó»ñ ϳ±Ý. ÅËï. ݳË. (áã
antithesis [æn΄tiθəsis] n ѳϳ¹ñáõÛÃ. ѳ- áù, áãÇÝã, áã ÙÇ) I haven’t talked to ~ of them
ϳ¹ñáõÙ, ѳϳ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ: a marked ~ ËÇëï ºë Ýñ³ÝóÇó áã Ù»ÏÇ Ñ»ï ã»Ù Ëáë»É. You
ѳϳëáõÃÛáõÝ: striking/complete ~ ½³ñÙ³- can’t find it in ~ of these papers ²Ûë ûñûñÇó
ݳÉÇ/ϳï³ñÛ³É Ñ³Ï³ëáõÃÛáõÝ: áã Ù»ÏáõÙ ¹áõù ã»ù ϳñáÕ ³ÛÝ ·ïÝ»É. not in
antitoxin [‚ænti΄tɒksin] n ѳϳÃáõÛÝ: ~ circumstances áã ÙÇ ¹»åùáõÙ/ѳݷ³-
anti-trade [‚ænti΄treid] n ѳϳå³ëë³ï Ù³ÝùÝ»ñáõÙ. I don’t see ~ pictures here ºë
(ù³ÙÇ): ³Ûëï»Õ áã ÙÇ Ýϳñ ã»Ù ï»ëÝáõÙ. ѳ׳Ë
antitrust [‚ænti΄trΛst] a ѳϳٻݳßÝáñѳ- ãÇ Ã³ñ·Ù³ÝíáõÙ (³Ýѳßí. ·áÛ³Ï.) We
ÛÇÝ. ~ law ѳϳٻݳßÝáñѳÛÇÝ ûñ»Ýù: haven’t got ~ sugar Ø»Ýù ß³ù³ñ ãáõÝ»Ýù.
antler [΄æntlə] n »ÕçÛáõñ: Have you ~ water/bread æáõñ/гó áõÝ»±ù. ~
antonym [΄æntənim] n ѳϳÝÇß, ³ÝïáÝÇÙ. more ¿ÉÇ, ³í»ÉÇ. ~ more problems ¿ÉÇ åñáμ-
Good is the ~ of evil ´³ñÇÝ ã³ñÇ Ñ³Ï³ÝÇßÝ É»ÙÝ»ñ. If you stay ~ longer ºÃ» ³í»ÉÇ »ñϳñ
¿: Ùݳù... Is he ~ better ²ñ¹Ûá±ù ݳ ³í»ÉÇ É³í
anus [΄einəs] n ϽÙË. ëñμ³Ý: ¿. ÅËï. ݳË. (³Ûɨë, μáÉáñáíÇÝ). He doesn’t
anvil [΄ænvil] n ½Ý¹³Ý, ë³É: live here ~ more/longer... ܳ ³ÛÉ¨ë ³Ûëï»Õ ãÇ
anxiet/y [æŋ΄zaiəti] n ³ÝѳݷëïáõÃÛáõÝ. va- ³åñáõÙ. He isn’t ~ the worse for it ¸ñ³ÝÇó
gue/slight/acute ~ ³Ýáñáß/ûè/áõÅ»Õ ³Ý- ݳ ³í»ÉÇ í³ï ãÇ ¹³ñÓ»É:
ѳݷëïáõÃÛáõÝ. betray/manifest/feel ~ óáõ- anybody [΄enibɒdi] indef prn áñ¨¿. Did you
ó³μ»ñ»É/½·³É ³ÝѳݷëïáõÃÛáõÝ. be full of speak to ~? ¸áõù áñ¨¿ Ù»ÏÇ Ñ»ï Ëáë»±É »ù.
~ ³ÝѳݷëïáõÃÛ³Ùμ ÉÇ ÉÇÝ»É. (Ñá·ë) all If ~ rings ºÃ» áñ¨¿ Ù»ÏÁ ½³Ý·³Ñ³ñÇ. (ó³Ý-
these ~ies μáÉáñ ³Ûë Ñá·ë»ñÁ. (³ÝѳÙμ»ñáõ- ϳó³Í Ù³ñ¹/Ù»ÏÁ, ³Ù»Ý áù) A~ can do it
ÃÛáõÝ) wait with ~ ³ÝѳÙμ»ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ ëå³- ²Ù»Ý Ù»ÏÁ/áù ϳñáÕ ¿ ¹³ ³Ý»É. better than
ë»É. (μáõéÝ ó³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ) ~ for knowledge ~ μáÉáñÇó ɳí, ³í»ÉÇ É³í ù³Ý áñ¨¿ Ù»ÏÁ.
·Çï»ÉÇù Ó»éù μ»ñ»Éáõ ͳñ³í/μáõéÝ ó³Ý- There is hardly ~ there ¸Åí³ñ û ³ÛÝï»Õ
ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. in his ~ to please ¹ñ¹í³Í ѳ×áõÛù áñ¨¿ Ù»ÏÁ ÉÇÝÇ. (ϳñ¨áñ ³ÝÓ) He’ll never be
å³ï׳é»Éáõ Ù»Í ó³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝÇó. My chief ~ Üñ³ÝÇó Ù³ñ¹ ¹áõñë ãÇ ·³, ܳ Ù³ñ¹ ãÇ
~ is to help ÆÙ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ó³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¹³éݳ:
û·ï³Ï³ñ ÉÇÝ»ÉÝ ¿: anyhow [΄enihau] adv ÇÝã ¿É áñ ÉÇÝÇ, ѳٻ-
anxious [΄æŋk∫əs] a ³ÝѳݷÇëï, Ùï³Ñá·, ݳÛÝ ¹»åë. It’s too late ~ гٻݳÛÝ ¹»åë
Ñáõ½í³Í. an ~ mother ³ÝѳݷÇëï Ù³Ûñ. in ß³ï áõß ¿. (³Ûëå»ë û ³ÛÝå»ë) I shall go ~
an ~ voice Ùï³Ñá·/Ñáõ½í³Í Ó³ÛÝáí. ~ look »ë Ϸݳ٠ÇÝã ¿É áñ ÉÇÝÇ. (ÙÇ Ï»ñå, ÇÝãå»ë
³ÝѳݷÇëï ѳ۳óù. an ~ moment ﳷݳ- å³ï³ÑÇ) The work was done ~ ²ß˳ï³Ý-
å³ÉÇ í³ÛñÏÛ³Ý. be ~ about ³Ýѳݷëï³- ùÁ ³Ý÷áõÛà Өáí ¿ ³ñí³Í:
Ý³É áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. don’t be ~ ÙÇ’ ³Ý- anyone [΄eniwΛn] prn ï»°ë anybody:
ѳݷëï³óÇñ. be not all that ~ ³é³ÝÓݳ- anything [΄eniθiŋ] prn áñ¨¿ μ³Ý (ѳñó. ¨
å»ë ãáõ½»Ý³É. He is ~ for approval ܳ ß³ï åïÙ. ݳË.) áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ Ï³ñÇù áõÝ»ë (ÅËï.
¿ áõ½áõÙ, áñ Çñ»Ý ·áí»Ý. have an ~ time ݳË.) áãÇÝã I can’t see ~ ºë áãÇÝã ã»Ù ï»ë-
ﳷݳå³ÉÇó Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ³ÝóϳóÝ»É: ÝáõÙ. He hasn’t ~ to do ܳ áãÇÝã ãáõÝÇ ³Ý»-
any [΄eni] prn (ѳëï. ݳË.) ³Ù»Ý ÙÇ, ó³Ý- Éáõ. not for ~ áã ÙÇ ¹»åùáõÙ. There is hardly ~
anyway 53 apocope

left гٳñÛ³ áãÇÝã ãÇ Ùݳó»É. I was ~ but ß»ÝùáõÙ. two-room ~ »ñÏáõë»Ý۳ϳÝáó


pleased ¸³ ÇÝÓ μáÉáñáíÇÝ Ñ³×»ÉÇ ã¿ñ. μݳϳñ³Ý. well-furnished ~ ɳí ϳѳíáñ-
(ѳëï. ݳË.) ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã. I will do ~ I can ºë í³Í μݳϳñ³Ý. rent an ~ μݳϳñ³Ý í³ñ-
ϳݻ٠³Ù»Ý Ñݳñ³íáñ μ³Ý. A~ will do for Ó»É. have one’s ~ painted μݳϳñ³ÝÁ í»ñ³-
me ÆÝÓ ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã ѳñÙ³ñ ¿, ºë ³Ù»Ý ÇÝãÇ Ýáñá·»É ï³É:
ѳٳӳÛÝ »Ù. I like gardening better than ~ apartness [ə΄pa:tnəs] n ³é³ÝÓݳóáõÙ,
ºë ³Ù»ÝÇó ß³ï ëÇñáõÙ »Ù å³ñ﻽áõÙ ÏսdzóáõÙ:
³ß˳ï»É. It’s as easy as ~ ¸³ ß³ï Ñ»ßï ¿. apathetic [‚æpə΄θetik] a ³Ýï³ñμ»ñ ³Ý³ß-
He ran like ~ ܳ ·É˳å³ï³é í³½áõÙ ¿ñ. ËáõÛÅ:
A~ goes ²Ýó Ïϻݳ. In this case ~ goes apathy [΄æpəθi] n ³Ýï³ñμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. poli-
²Ûëï»Õ ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã ÃáõÛɳïñ»ÉÇ ¿/ϳñ»ÉÇ tical ~ ³åáÉÇïÇÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
¿/³Ýó Ïϻݳ. an ~ goes attitude/approach áã apatite [΄æpətait] n »ñÏñμ. ³å³ïÇï:
Ëëï³å³Ñ³Ýç/å³Ñ³ÝçÏáï í»ñ³μ»ñ- ape [eip] n ϳåÇÏ. ÷Ëμ. ÁݹûñÇݳÏáÕ. act/
ÙáõÝù: play the ~ ϳåÏ»É, ÁݹûñÇݳϻÉ. God’s ~
anyway [΄eniwei] adv ï»°ë anyhow: μݳÍÇÝ ÑÇÙ³ñ/³åáõß. go ~ about/over smth
anywhere [΄eniweə] adv áñ¨¿ ï»Õ (ѳñó., ˻ɳ·³ñí»É ÙÇ μ³ÝÇ/Ù»ÏÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ:
åïÙ., ݳË.) If you see him ~ ºÃ» Ýñ³Ý aperient [ə΄piəriənt] n μÅßÏ. ÉáõÍáճϳÝ:
(áñ¨¿ ï»Õ) ï»ëÝ»ù. Does he live ~ near? ܳ aperture [΄æpət∫ə] n μ³óí³Íù, ³Ýóù. ~ of a
³Ûëï»Õ Ùáï»ñùá±õÙ ¿ ³åñáõÙ Did you go ~ door ¹éݳï»Õ, ¹éݳËáñß:
yesterday? ºñ»Ï áñ¨¿ ï»Õ ·Ý³óDZù (ÅËï., apery [΄eipəri] n ϳåϳμáõͳñ³Ý. ÙÇÙá-
ݳË.) áã ÙÇ ï»Õ. I can’t find my book ~ ëáõÃÛáõÝ. ϳåÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
¶Çñùë áã ÙÇ ï»Õ ã»Ù ϳñáÕ³ÝáõÙ ·ïÝ»É. apex [΄eipeks] n ·³·³Ã, ϳï³ñ. the ~ of a
(ѳëï. ݳË.) ³Ù»Ý ï»Õ, ³Ù»Ýáõñ»ù. You triangle »é³ÝÏÛ³Ý ·³·³Ã. at the ~ of one’s
can find it ~ ¸³ ³Ù»Ý ï»Õ ϳñ»ÉÇ ¿ ·ïÝ»É. career ϳñÇ»ñ³ÛÇ ·³·³ÃݳϻïÇÝ:
I will go ~ àõñ ³ë»ë ϷݳÙ, ó³Ýϳó³Í aphazia [ə΄feiziə] n μÅßÏ. Ëáë»Éáõ áõݳÏáõ-
í³Ûñ: ÃÛ³Ý Ïáñáõëï, ³ý³½Ç³:
anywize [΄eniwaiz] adv áñ¨¿ Ï»ñå: aphis [΄eifiz] n Ï»Ýë. μáõÛëáçÇÉ:
aorta [ei΄ɔ:tə] n ϽÙË. ³áñï³: aphorism [΄æfərizm] n ϳñ×, ÇÙ³ëï³ÉÇó
apace [ə΄peis] adv ³ñ³·: Ëáëù, ³ýáñǽÙ:
apart [ə΄pa:t] 1. adv ³é³ÝÓÇÝ, ÙÇ ÏáÕÙ. The aphtha [΄æfθə] n ϳÃݳËï, ëÝϳËï.
house stands ~ Þ»ÝùÝ ³é³ÝÓÇÝ ¿ ϳݷݳÍ. í»ñù»ñ μ»ñ³ÝáõÙ. ¹³μ³Õ (ϻݹ³ÝÇÝ»ñÇ):
He stood ~ from the others ܳ ÙÛáõëÝ»ñÇó Ñ»- apiarist [΄eipiərist] n Ù»Õí³μáõÛÍ:
éáõ/³é³ÝÓÇÝ ¿ñ ϳݷ³Í. take smn ~ Ù»ÏÇÝ apiary [΄eipiəri] n Ù»Õí³Ýáó:
ÙÇ ÏáÕÙ ï³Ý»É. joking ~ ϳï³ÏÁ ÙÇ ÏáÕÙ. apical [΄æpikl] a ·³·³ÃݳÛÇÝ, ϳï³ñÇ:
set ~ ³é³ÝÓݳóÝ»É. live ~ ³Ýç³ï/³é³Ý- apiculture [΄eipikΛlt∫ə] n Ù»Õí³μáõÍáõ-
ÓÇÝ ³åñ»É. (Ù³ë»ñÇ μ³Å³Ý»É, ³Ýç³ï»É) ÃÛáõÝ:
take a watch ~ ųٳóáõÛóÁ ù³Ý¹»É. come ~ apiece [ə΄pi:s] adv ÙÇ Ñ³ïÇÝ, ³Ù»Ý Ù»ÏÇÝ.
Çñ³ñÇó ³Ýç³ïí»É. fall ~ Ù³ë»ñÇ μ³Å³Ý- 50 drams ~ Ù»Ï Ñ³ïÁ 50 ¹ñ³Ù. give the boys
í»É. The crowd fell ~ ²ÙμáËÁ óñí»ó. 2. prep two books ~ ïճݻñÇó ³Ù»Ý Ù»ÏÇÝ »ñ-
~ from μ³óÇ, ãѳßí³Í. A~ from that he is Ïáõ³Ï³Ý ·Çñù ï³É:
nice enough ºÃ» ¹³ ѳßíÇ ã³é- apish [΄eipi∫] 1. a ϳåϳÛÇÝ, ϳåÏáÕ. 2.
Ý»Ýù/ÁݹѳÝáõñ ³éÙ³Ùμ/ݳ í³ï Ù³ñ¹ ã¿. adv ÑÇÙ³ñáñ»Ý:
tell/know two things ~ Çñ³ñÇó ï³ñμ»ñ»É: a-plenty [ə΄plenti] adv ³é³ïáõÃÛ³Ý/ÉÇáõ-
apartheid [ə΄pa:theit] n é³ë³Û³Ï³Ý ÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç:
Ëïñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, Ù»Ïáõë³óáõÙ: apocalypse [ə΄pɒkəlips] n ѳÛïÝáõÃÛáõÝ,
apartment [ə΄pa:tmənt] n μݳϳñ³Ý, ë»Ý- ϳÝ˳ï»ëáõÙ. the A~ гÛïÝáõÃÛáõÝ, Üáñ
Û³Ï. a μ³½Ù³μݳϳñ³Ý, μݳϻÉÇ. an ~ Îï³Ï³ñ³ÝÇ í»ñçÇÝ ·ÇñùÁ:
house μ³½Ù³μݳϳñ³Ý μݳϻÉÇ ß»Ýù. apocope [ə΄pɒkəpi] n í»ñçÇÝ í³ÝÏÇ/ÑÝãÛáõ-
walk-up ~ μݳϳñ³Ý í»ñ»É³Ï ãáõÝ»óáÕ ÝÇ ëÕáõÙÁ:
apocryphal 54 appeal

apocryphal [ə΄pɒkrəfl] a ³Ýí³í»ñ, ³Ý- Ù»ù»Ý³. complex/efficient/special/electric ~


ëïáõÛ·: μ³ñ¹/ïÝï»ëáÕ/ѳïáõÏ/¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³Ý
apogee [΄æpədзi:] n ·³·³Ãݳϻï, μ³ñÓ- ë³ñù. design/invent/apply/adjust/install ~
ñ³·áõÛÝ ³ëïÇ׳Ý: ݳ˳·Í»É/ëï»Õ Í»É/ÏÇ ñ³é»É/ϳñ ·³ íá-
apologetic(al) [ə‚pɒlə΄dзetik (əl) ] a Ý»ñáõÙ ñ»É/ï»Õ³¹ñ»É ë³ñùÁ. (ûñ·³Ý) digestive ~
ѳÛóáÕ. ç³ï³·áí³Ï³Ý. write an ~ letter Ù³ñëáÕ³Ï³Ý ûñ·³ÝÝ»ñ. administrative ~
ݳٳÏáí Ý»ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ Ëݹñ»É. be deeply ~ ջϳí³ñ/ϳé³í³ñáÕ ûñ·³ÝÝ»ñ:
ËáñÁ ·Çï³Ïó»É Çñ ë˳ÉÁ. with an ~ air apparel [ə΄pærəl] n μÝëï. ѳ·áõëï, ßáñ.
Ù»Õ³íáñ ï»ëùáí. He was ~ leaving early ܳ array/attire in ~ ½áõ·í»É, ½³ñ¹³ñí»É. ½³ñ-
Ý»ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ Ëݹñ»ó ßáõï ·Ý³Éáõ ѳٳñ: ¹³ñ³Ýù »Ï»Õ»ó³Ï³Ý ½·»ëïÇ íñ³:
apologetically [ə‚pɒlə΄dзetikəli] adv Ý»ñáõÙ apparent [ə΄pærənt] a ³ÏÝѳÛï, μ³-
ѳÛóáÕ ïáÝáí: speak ~ Ëáë»É Ý»ñáõ٠ѳÛ- ó³Ñ³Ûï. ~ deceit/error/lie ³ÏÝѳÛï ˳μ-
óáÕ ïáÝáí: ϳÝù/ë˳É/ëáõï. quite ~ μ³ó³Ñ³Ûï. It is
apologetics [ə‚pɒlə΄dзetiks] n pl ç³ï³·á- becoming ~ to all ´áÉáñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ³ÏÝѳÛï ¿
íáõÃÛáõÝ: ¹³éÝáõÙ. ~ to the naked eye ³Ý½»Ý ³ãùáí
apologist [ə΄pɒlədзist] n ç³ï³·áí, å³ßï- ï»ë³Ý»ÉÇ. ~ horizon ï»ë³Ý»ÉÇ ÑáñǽáÝ. ~
å³ÝáÕ: danger ³ÏÝѳÛï íï³Ý·. for no ~ reason
apologize [ə΄pɒlədзaiz] v Ý»ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ ³é³Ýó áñ¨¿ ³ÏÝѳÛï å³ï׳éÇ. Her self-
Ëݹñ»É. You must ~ to her ¸áõ å»ïù ¿ Ýñ³- confidence is more ~ than real ܳ ³ÛÝù³Ý
ÝÇó Ý»ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ Ëݹñ»ë. I ~ for my son ÇÝùݳíëï³Ñ ã¿, áñù³Ý ÃíáõÙ ¿, Üñ³
îÕ³ÛÇë ѳٳñ Ý»ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ »Ù ËݹñáõÙ: ÇÝùݳíëï³ÑáõÃÛáõÝÁ ³í»ÉÇ Ãí³óáÕ ¿,
apolog/y [ə΄pɒlədзi] n Ý»ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. make/ ù³Ý Çñ³Ï³Ý:
offer an ~ Ý»ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ Ëݹñ»É. accept one’s apparently [ə΄pærəntli] adv Áëï »ñ¨áõÛÃÇÝ,
~ ies Ý»ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÝ ÁݹáõÝ»É. demand an ѳí³Ý³μ³ñ. A~ he has already left Àëï
~ Ý»ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ å³Ñ³Ýç»É: »ñ¨áõÛÃÇÝ/гí³Ý³μ³ñ ݳ ³ñ¹»Ý ·Ý³ó»É
apoplectic [‚æpə΄plektik] a ϳÃí³Í³Ñ³ñ, ¿:
ϳÃí³ÍÇ »Ýóϳ£ apparition [‚æpə΄ri∫n] n ï»ëÇÉù, áõñí³-
apoplexy [΄æpəpleksi] n ϳÃí³Í. suffering ϳÝ. horrible ~ ³Ñ³íáñ ï»ëÇÉù. The ~ vani-
from ~ ϳÃí³ÍÇó ï³é³å»É: shed àõñí³Ï³ÝÝ ³ÝÑ»ï³ó³í. the sudden ~
apostasy [ə΄pɒstəsi] n áõñ³óáõÙ, áõËï³- of a black person 먳ÙáñÃÇ Ñ³ÝϳñͳÏÇ
¹ñÅáõÙ: »ñ¨³ÉÁ/»ñ¨³Ý ·³ÉÁ:
apostate [ə΄pɒsteit] a, n áõñ³óáÕ, áõËï³- appeal [ə΄pi:l] n Ïáã, ¹ÇÙáõÙ. an ~ to the nation
¹ñáõÅ: Ïáã/¹ÇÙáõÙ ÅáÕáíñ¹ÇÝ. sign an ~ ¹ÇÙáõÙÁ
apostatize [ə΄pɒstətaiz] v ÙÇ μ³ÝÇó Ññ³- ëïáñ³·ñ»É. answer an ~ for help ³ñÓ³·³Ý-
ųñí»É, áõñ³Ý³É: ù»É û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ÏáãÇÝ/ϳÝãÇÝ. an ~ for flood
apostle [ə΄pɒsl] n ³é³ùÛ³É. ÏáÕÙݳÏÇó, victims çñѻջÕÇó ïáõųÍÝ»ñÇ û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ý
»é³Ý¹áõÝ å³ßïå³Ý. ~ of free trade ³½³ï ýáݹ. (Ëݹñ³Ýù, ·³Ý·³ï) mute/eloquent/
³é¨ïñÇ »é³Ý¹áõÝ å³ßïå³Ý: urgent ~ Éáõé/å»ñ׳Ëáë/ó˳ÝÓ³ÉÇó
apostrophe [ə΄pɒstrəfi] n ³å³Ã³ñó: Ëݹñ³Ýù. be deaf to one’s ~ ËáõÉ ÙݳÉ/ãÉë»É
apotheosis [ə‚pɒθi΄əusis] n ³åáûá½. ÷³- Ëݹñ³ÝùÁ. ~ in one’s eyes Ëݹñ³Ýù ³ãù»-
é³μ³ÝáõÙ, ³ëïí³Í³óáõÙ: ñáõÙ. make an ~ Ëݹñ»É, ³Õ³ã»É. Çñ³í.
appal [ə΄pɔ:l] v í³Ë»óÝ»É, ë³ñë³÷»óÝ»É. μáÕáù, μáÕáù³ñÏáõÙ, í×é³μ»Ï ·³Ý·³ï
We were ~ed by his appearance Üñ³ ï»ëùÁ letter of ~ ݳٳÏ-μáÕáù. ~ to a high court μá-
Ù»½ ë³ñë³÷»óñ»ó: Õáù/¹ÇÙáõÙ μ³ñÓñ³·áõÛÝ ³ïÛ³Ý. lodge/
appalling [ə΄pɔ:liŋ] a ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ, ½³ñÑáõ- file/grant an ~ μáÕáù Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É. court of
ñ»ÉÇ. óÝóáÕ: ~ í×é³μ»Ï ¹³ï³ñ³Ý. right of ~ μáÕáù³ñ-
appallingly [ə΄pɔ:liŋli] adv ë³ñë³÷»- Ï»Éáõ Çñ³íáõÝù. refuse an ~ μáÕáùÁ Ù»ñÅ»É.
ÉÇáñ»Ý, ã³÷³½³Ýóáñ»Ý, ³ñï³Ï³ñ·áñ»Ý: by way of ~ μáÕáù³ñÏÙ³Ý ÙÇçáóáí. be
apparatus [‚æpə΄reitəs] n ë³ñù, ·áñÍÇù, without (further) ~ μáÕáù³ñÏÙ³Ý »Ýóϳ
appeal 55 appendant

ãÉÇÝ»É (Ññ³åáõñ³Ýù, ·ñ³íãáõÃÛáõÝ) have a make one’s first ~ ³é³çÇÝ ³Ý·³Ù »ÉáõÛÃ
certain ~ áñáß³ÏÇ ·ñ³íãáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ. áõݻݳÉ. put in an ~ ѳÛïÝí»É/»ñ¨³É. Çñ³í.
lose its ~ ·ñ³íãáõÃÛáõÝÁ/Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝÁ make an ~ in court ¹³ï³ñ³ÝáõÙ »ÉáõÛà áõÝ»-
ÏáñóÝ»É. not to have much ~ ß³ï ·ñ³íãáõ- ݳÉ. (³ñï³ùÇÝ ï»ëù) judge by ~s ³ñï³-
ÃÛáõÝ ãáõݻݳÉ: ùÇÝÇó ¹³ï»É. to/in all ~s Áëï »ñ¨áõÛÃÇÝ.
appeal [ə΄pi:l] v ¹ÇÙ»É Ïáã ³Ý»É ~ to smn for A~s are deceptive ²ñï³ùÇÝÁ ˳μáõëÇÏ ¿.
help Ù»ÏÇÝ ¹ÇÙ»É û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ý. He ~ed to the He is very young in ~ ܳ ³ñï³ùÇÝÇó ß³ï
people in the room ܳ ¹ÇÙ»ó ë»ÝÛ³ÏáõÙ »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹ ¿. The daughter took after her
·ïÝíáÕÝ»ñÇÝ. ~ to the administration ¹ÇÙ»É father in ~ ²ÕçÇÏÁ ³ñï³ùÇÝáí ÑáñÝ ¿ ù³-
ջϳí³ñáõÃÛ³ÝÁ. The chairman ~ed to the ß»É. have a healthy ~ ³éáÕç ï»ëù áõݻݳÉ.
silence ܳ˳·³ÑÁ Ññ³íÇñ»ó ÉéáõÃÛáõÝ save ~s óáõÛó ãï³É. at first ~ ³é³çÇÝ Ñ³Û³ó-
å³Ñå³Ý»É. ~ to one’s finer feelings ¹ÇÙ»É ùÇó. listen with an ~ of interest Ó¨³óÝ»É, áñ
³éáÕç ¹³ïáÕáõÃÛ³ÝÁ/É³í³·áõÛÝ ½·³ó- Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛ³Ùμ »ë ÉëáõÙ. keep up/save/
ÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇÝ. Ùñ½. ~ to the referee ¹³ï³íá- preserve ~s í³Û»ÉãáõÃÛáõÝ å³Ñå³Ý»É:
ñÇÝ ¹ÇÙ»É. Çñ³í. (μáÕáù³ñÏ»É, ·³Ý·³- appeasable [ə΄pi:zəbl] a ½ÇçáÕ, ѳٳ-
ï³ñÏ»É) ~ against the judges decision μáÕá- Ï»ñåíáÕ:
ù³ñÏ»É ¹³ï³íáñÇ áñáßÙ³Ý ¹»Ù. ~ to a appease [ə΄pi:z] v ѳݷëï³óÝ»É, ˳ճ-
higher court μáÕáù³ñÏ»É μ³ñÓñ³·áõÛÝ ³ï- Õ»óÝ»É. ~ an angry man/smb’s anger ѳݷÁë-
Û³Ý. ~ against a judgment/decision μáÕáù³ñ- ï³óÝ»É ½³Ûñ³ó³Í Ù³ñ¹áõÝ. to ~ her I
Ï»É ¹³ï³í×ÇéÁ/áñáßáõÙÁ. (Ññ³åáõñí»É/ brought her some flowers ëÇñïÁ ߳ѻÉáõ ѳ-
ѳí³Ý»É) The new job really ~s to me Üáñ Ù³ñ »ë Ýñ³Ý ͳÕÇÏÝ»ñ ÝíÇñ»óÇ. (Ù»ÕÙ³ó-
³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ ÇÝÓ Çëϳå»ë ¹áõñ ¿ ·³ÉÇë. Ý»É, ³Ùáù»É) ~ pain ó³íÁ Ù»ÕÙ³óÝ»É. ~ sor-
How does the idea ~ to you? ÆÝãå»±ë »ë row/grief íÇßïÁ/ó³íÁ ³Ùáù»É. (ѳ·»óÝ»É,
·ïÝáõÙ ³Ûë ÙÇïùÁ. His music doesn’t ~ to me μ³í³ñ³ñ»É) ~ one’s hunger ù³ÕóÁ ѳ·»ó-
ÆÝÓ ¹áõñ ãÇ ·³ÉÇë ³Ûë »ñ³ÅßïáõÃÛáõÝÁ. It Ý»É. ~ one’s curiosity Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝÁ μ³-
~ed to him as an adventure ¸³ Ýñ³Ý ·ñ³í»ó í³ñ³ñ»É:
áñå»ë ³ñϳÍ: appeasment [ə΄pi:zmənt] n ˳ճջóáõÙ.
appear [ə΄piə] v ѳÛïÝí»É, »ñ¨³Ý ·³É. The ѳ·»óáõÙ, μ³í³ñ³ñáõÙ. policy of ~ ˳ճ-
sun ~ed from behind the clouds ²ñ¨Á ѳÛïÝ- Õ»óÙ³Ý ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
í»ó ³Ùå»ñÇ »ï¨Çó. He didn’t ~ till nine ܳ appellant [ə΄pelənt] n Çñ³í. μáÕáù³ñÏáÕ,
ѳÛïÝí»ó ÙdzÛÝ Å³ÙÇ ÇÝÝÇÝ. His name ~s μáÕáùáÕ ÏáÕÙ:
on the list Üñ³ ³ÝáõÝÁ ϳ óáõó³ÏáõÙ. (ÉáõÛë appellate [ə΄pelət] n Ù»Õ³¹ñÛ³É:
ï»ëÝ»É) When will your book ~? º±ñμ ¿ Ó»ñ appellate [ə΄pelət] a í×é³μ»Ï, μáÕáù³ñÏ-
·ÇñùÁ ÉáõÛë ï»ëÝ»Éáõ (Ãí³É, »ñ¨³É) It ~s Ù³Ý. ~ court μáÕáù³ñÏÙ³Ý/í×é³μ»Ï ¹³-
ÂíáõÙ ¿. It ~ed ä³ñ½í»ó. Strange as it may ~ ï³ñ³Ý:
àñù³Ý ¿É, áñ ¹³ ï³ñáñÇÝ³Ï Ãí³. He ~s appellation [‚æpə΄lei∫n] n ³ÝáõÝ, ³Ý-
ill/upset ܳ ÑÇí³Ý¹/íßï³ó³Í ï»ëù áõÝÇ. í³Ý³ó³ÝÏ£
It ~s from this êñ³ÝÇó Ñ»ï¨áõÙ ¿. Çñ³í. appellative [ə΄pelətiv] n ³ÝáõÝ, ³Ýí³ÝáõÙ.
Ý»ñÏ³Û³Ý³É ~ as a witness áñå»ë íϳ Ý»ñ- ù»ñ. ѳë³ñ³Ï ·á۳ϳÝ:
ϳ۳ݳÉ. ~ in court/before the court ѳÛïÝ- appellee [‚æpe΄li:] n Çñ³í. å³ï³ë˳-
í»É/ϳݷݻɹ³ï³ñ³ÝÇ ³é³ç. ~ for the Ýáñ¹, Ù»Õ³¹ñ۳ɣ
defendant »ÉáõÛà áõÝ»Ý³É Ñû·áõï Ù»Õ³- append [ə΄pend] v ³í»É³óÝ»É, Ïó»É. ~ a
¹ñÛ³ÉÇ. óï. He ~ed as Hamlet ܳ гÙÉ»ïÇ clause to a treaty å³Ûٳݳ·ñÇÝ Ï»ï ³í»-
¹»ñÝ ¿ñ ϳï³ñáõÙ/гÙÉ»ï ¿ñ ˳ÕáõÙ He ɳóÝ»É. the copy is ~ed ÏÇó ïñíáõÙ ¿ ûñÇ-
~ed in many concert halls in Europe ܳ ºíñá- ݳÏÁ. ~ a list of names Ïó»É ³Ýí³Ý³ó³ÝÏÁ:
å³ÛÇ ß³ï ѳٻñ·³ëñ³ÑÝ»ñáõÙ ¿ »ÉáõÛà appendage [ə΄pendidз] n ѳí»Éí³Í,
áõÝ»ó»É: ³í»É³óáõÙ, Éñ³óáõÙ:
appearance [ə΄piərəns] n Ç Ñ³Ûï/»ñ¨³Ý appendant [ə΄pendənd] n Éñ³óáõóÇã, ѳ-
·³ÉÁ, ѳÛïÝí»ÉÁ. make an ~ ѳÛïÝí»É. í»ÉÛ³É, ѳí»ÉáõÙ:
appendicitis 56 appoint

appendicitis [ə‚pendə΄saitis] n μÅßÏ. ÏáõÛñ an ~ order ³Ù. ³Ýμ³ëÇñ ϳñ·áõϳÝáÝ. ~


³ÕÇùÇ μáñμáùáõÙ, ³å»Ý¹ÇóÇï: virtues ³í³Ý¹³Ï³Ý ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ³é³ùÇ-
appendix [ə΄pendiks] n (pl appendices) ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ:
(·ñùÇ) ÷³ëï³ÃÕÃÇ/ѳí»Éí³Í, Éñ³óáõÙ apple-polisher [‚æpl΄pɒli∫ə] n ³Ù. ëɻݷ
ϽÙË. ÏáõÛñ ³ÕÇùÇ Ñ³í»Éí³Í£ ùÍÝáÕ (¹åñáó³Ï³Ý):
appertain [‚æpə΄tein] v å³ïϳݻÉ, í»- apple-tree [΄æpltri:] ËÝÓáñ»ÝÇ:
ñ³μ»ñ»É: appliance [ə΄plaiəns] n ѳñÙ³ñ³Ýù, ë³ñù.
appertence [΄æpitəns] n ó³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ for opening cans å³Ñ³Íá μ³ó»Éáõ ѳñÙ³-
Ó·ïáõÙ, ѳÏáõÙ: ñ³Ýù. electrical ~s ¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³Ý ë³ñù»ñ.
appetite [΄æpitait] n ³ËáñųÏ. good/ household ~s Ï»Ýó³Õ³ÛÇÝ ë³ñù»ñ (Éí³óùÇ
poor/bad~ ɳí/í³ï ³ËáñųÏ. lose one’s ~ Ù»ù»Ý³ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ):
³ËáñųÏÁ ÏáñóÝ»É. spoil/take away one’s ~ applicable [ə΄plikəbl] a ÏÇñ³é»ÉÇ, åÇï³-
³ËáñųÏÁ ÷ã³óÝ»É. work up an ~ ³Ëáñ- ÝÇ, å³ïß³×. This is not ~ to you ê³ Ó»½ ãÇ
Å³Ï Ó»éù μ»ñ»É. (ó³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳÏáõÙ) í»ñ³μ»ñáõÙ. delete/add where ~ çÝç»É/·ÇÍ
have no ~ for quarelling Ïéí»Éáõ/íÇ×»Éáõ ó³Ý- ù³ß»É ϳ٠³Ý»É³óÝ»É, áñï»Õ ³ÝÑñ³-
ÏáõÃÛáõÝ ãáõݻݳÉ. human ~s Ù³ñ¹Ï³ÛÇÝ Å»ßï/ ѳñÙ³ñ ¿. If ~ ºÃ» ÏÇñ³é»ÉÇ ¿. The
Ïñù»ñÁ. The ~ comes with eating ²ËáñųÏÁ rule is ~ γÝáÝÁ ÏÇñ³é»ÉÇ ¿:
³ï³ÙÇ ï³Ï ¿. A good ~ is the best sauce ȳí applicant [΄æplikənt] n ѳí³ÏÝáñ¹, ûÏ-
³ËáñųÏÁ ³Ù»Ý³É³í ѳٻÙáõÝùÝ ¿: ݳÍáõ. be an ~ for a post áñ¨¿ å³ßïáÝÇ Ñ³-
appetizer [΄æpitaizə] n ݳËáõï»ëï (³Ëáñ- í³ÏÝ»É. There were 200 ~s 200 ¹ÇÙáõÙ / ѳ-
Å³Ï ·ñ·éáÕ): í³ÏÝáñ¹ ϳñ/ϳÛÇÝ:
appetizing [΄æpitaiziŋ] a ³ËáñÅ»ÉÇ, ѳٻÕ, application [‚æpli΄kei∫n] n ¹ÇÙáõÙ. written ~
·ñ³íÇã. an ~ smell (from the kitchen) ³Ëáñ- ·ñ³íáñ ¹ÇÙáõÙ. write/make/file an ~ ¹ÇÙáõÙ
Å»ÉÇ Ñáï (ËáѳÝáóÇó): ï³É. accept/reject/turn down an ~ ÁݹáõÝ»É/
applaud [ə΄plɔ:d] v ͳ÷³Ñ³ñ»É. ~ loudly/ ãÁݹáõÝ»É/Ù»ñÅ»É ¹ÇÙáõÙÁ. an ~ for a job ³ß-
vigorously μ³ñÓñ³Ó³ÛÝ/μáõéÝ Í³÷³Ñ³ñ»É. ˳ï³ÝùÇ ÁݹáõÝ»Éáõ ¹ÇÙáõÙ. an ~ form
~ an actor/musician ¹»ñ³ë³ÝÇÝ/»ñ³ÅßïÇÝ ¹ÇÙáõÙÇ Ó¨/μɳÝÏ/³ÝÏ»ï³. (Ëݹñ³Ýù) ~
ͳ÷³Ñ³ñ»É. ~ a decision áñáßÙ³ÝÁ ѳí³- for help û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ëݹñ³Ýù. (ÏÇñ³éáõÙ,
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É. The audience ~ed the singer ·áñͳÍáõÙ) ~ of new methods Ýáñ Ù»Ãá¹Ý»-
àõÝÏݹÇñÝ»ñÁ ͳ÷³Ñ³ñ»óÇÝ »ñ·ãÇÝ: ñÇ ÏÇñ³éáõÙ. ~ of the law ûñ»ÝùÇ ÏÇñ³éáõÙ.
applause [ə΄plɔ:z] n ͳ÷³Ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. μÅßÏ. for external ~ only ÙdzÛÝ ³ñï³ùÇÝ
ѳí³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. prolonged/continuous ~ »ñϳ- û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ. ~ of ice to the
ñ³ï¨ ͳ÷³Ñ³ñáõÃáõÝÝ»ñ. a srorm of ~ forehead ׳ϳïÇÝ ë³éáõÛó ¹Ý»É. hot and
μáõéÝ Í³÷³Ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. burst into ~ ͳ- cold ~s ï³ù ¨ ë³éÁ ÃñçáóÝ»ñ. (ç³Ý³ëÇ-
÷³Ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ åáéÃϳÉ. win the ~ of ñáõÃÛáõÝ) work with great ~ Ù»Í ç³Ý³ëÇ-
ͳ÷³Ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ߳ѻÉ. The ~ died ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ ³ß˳ï»É. (ѳÛï) send in an ~ for
down ̳÷³Ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ Ù³ñ»óÇÝ/ new books Ýáñ ·ñù»ñÇ Ñ³Ûï Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É.
ѳݹ³ñïí»óÇÝ. rise in ~ ͳ÷³Ñ³ñáõ- get details on ~ Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ûï
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí ¹ÇÙ³íáñ»É: Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ domain ³é³ñϳ۳-
apple [΄æpl] n ËÝÓáñ. hard/sour/juicy/ripe ~ Ï³Ý ïÇñáõÛÃ. ~ program ÏÇñ³é³Ï³Ý Íñ³-
Ïáßï/ÃÃáõ/ÑÛáõóÉÇ/ѳë³Í ËÝÓáñ. pips/ ·Çñ:
peel of an ~ ËÝÓáñÇ Ïáñǽ/ϻը. ~ butter/jam applied [ə΄plaid] a ÏÇñ³é³Ï³Ý. ~ art/science
ËÝÓáñÇ ç»Ù. ~ green ¹»Õݳϳݳ㠷áõÛÝ. the ÏÇñ³é³Ï³Ý ³ñí»ëï/·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ:
~ of one’s eye ³ãùÇ ÉáõÛë. Adam’s ~ ³¹³Ù³- apply [ə΄plai] v ¹ÇÙ»É. ~ to the manager ϳ-
ËÝÓáñ. ~ of discord Ïéí³ËÝÓáñ. ~ sauce ÑÇ- é³í³ñãÇÝ ¹ÇÙ»É. ~ for help/advice ¹ÇÙ»É û·-
Ù³ñáõÃÛáõÝ: ÝáõÃÛ³Ý/ËáñÑñ¹Ç ѳٳñ:
apple-cart [΄æplka:t] n ËÝÓáñÇ ë³ÛɳÏ. appoint [ə΄pɔint] v Ý߳ݳϻÉ. ~ a mana-
upset the ~ Ù»ÏÇ Íñ³·ñ»ñÁ ˳÷³Ý»É: ger/ambassador ϳé³í³ñÇã/¹»ëå³Ý Ýß³-
apple-pie [‚æpl΄pai] n ËÝÓáñÇ Ï³ñϳݹ³Ï. ݳϻÉ. ~ to a post å³ßïáÝÇ Ý߳ݳϻÉ. ~ a
appointee 57 apprehension

day ûñ Ý߳ݳϻÉ. at the ~ed time Ý߳ݳÏ- ÷»ÉÇ, ·Ý³Ñ³ï»ÉÇ. an ~ change in temperature
í³Í ûñÁ/ųٳݳÏ. (ë³ñù³íáñ»É, ϳñ·³- ç»ñÙáõÃÛ³Ý Ýϳï»ÉÇ ÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝ. an ~
íáñ»É) be well ~ed ɳí ϳѳíáñí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. sum ½·³ÉÇ/ßáß³÷»ÉÇ ·áõÙ³ñ:
well/badly ~ed house ɳí/í³ï ϳѳíáñí³Í appreciate [ə΄pri:∫ieit] v ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É, ³ñÅ»-
ïáõÝ. ~ed task ³é³ç³¹ñí³Í ËݹÇñ: ùÁ ·Çï»Ý³É. ~ one’s kindness/Ñelp μ³ñáõ-
appointee [ə‚pɔin΄ti:] n Ý߳ݳÏí³Í/Ýß³- ÃÛáõÝÁ/û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É. be not ~d
ݳÏáõÙ ëï³ó³Í ³ÝÓ: ã·Ý³Ñ³ïí»É. After a long winter we ~ the sun
appointive [ə΄pɔintiv] a Ý߳ݳÏáíÇ, áã ºñϳñ ÓÙ»éÇó Ñ»ïá Çëϳå»ë ·Ý³Ñ³-
ÁÝïñáíÇ. ~ office Ý߳ݳÏáíÇ å³ßïáÝ: ïáõÙ »ë ³ñ¨Á. ~ what has been done »ñ³Ë-
appointment [ə΄pɔintmənt] n Ý߳ݳÏáõÙ, ï³å³ñï ÉÇÝ»É ³ñ³ÍÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. (³ñÅ»ù³-
å³ßïáÝ. get/obtain/receive an ~ å³ßïáÝ íáñ»É. ѳëϳݳÉ) ~ the true force/the full
ëï³Ý³É. have/hold an ~ as a professor åñá- meaning ³ñÅ»ù³íáñ»É ÇëÏ³Ï³Ý áõÅÁ/³Ù-
ý»ëáñÇ å³ßïáÝ ·ñ³í»É/áõݻݳÉ. (ѳݹÇ- μáÕç ÇÙ³ëïÁ. fully ~ one’s difficulties ÉñÇí
åáõÙ, ųٳ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ï»ë³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ). ·Çï³Ïó»É ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ. not to ~
have an ~ ѳݹÇåáõÙ áõݻݳÉ. The ~ was set modern art ãѳëÏ³Ý³É Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³ÏÇó ³ñ-
for 5 o’clock гݹÇåáõÙÁ Ý߳ݳÏí³Í ¿ñ í»ëïÁ. I ~ that we have no choice ºë ѳëϳ-
ųÙÇ ÑÇÝ·ÇÝ. a request for ~ ÁݹáõÝ»ÉáõÃÛ³Ý ÝáõÙ »Ù, áñ Ù»Ýù ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝ ãáõÝ»Ýù. ~
Ëݹñ³Ýù. have an ~ with a girl/boy ųٳ¹- music »ñ³ÅßïáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ýáõñμ ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É. ~
ñáõÃÛáõÝ ³Õçϳ/ïÕ³ÛÇ Ñ»ï. keep an ~ ų- the distinction ï³ñμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ½·³É. This
ٳݳÏÇÝ (ѳݹÇåÙ³Ý) ·³É. Midnight ~ land ~d greatly ²Ûë ÑáÕÇ ·ÇÝÁ ½·³ÉÇáñ»Ý
³Ù. Ý߳ݳÏáõÙÝ»ñ ϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÏáÕ- μ³ñÓñ³ó»É ¿:
ÙÇó Çñ ջϳí³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³í³ñïÙ³Ý ßñç³- appreciation [ə‚pri:∫i΄ei∫n] n (μ³ñÓñ) ·Ý³-
ÝáõÙ. an important/business ~ ϳñ¨áñ/·áñͳ- ѳï³Ï³Ý, ³ñÅ»ù³íáñáõÙ, ·Ý³Ñ³ïáõÙ.
ñ³ñ ѳݹÇåáõÙ. The doctor will see you only ÁݹáõÝáõÙ, ׳ݳãáõÙ. ³ñÅ»ùÇ μ³ñÓñ³-
by ~ ´ÅÇßÏÁ ÏÁݹáõÝÇ Ó»½ ÙdzÛÝ Ý³Ëݳ- óáõÙ/óÝϳóáõÙ. She showed no ~ of modern
Ï³Ý å³Ûٳݳíáñí³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝ: music ܳ μáÉáñáíÇÝ ã¿ñ ѳëϳÝáõ٠ųٳ-
apportion [ə΄pɔ:∫n] v μ³ßË»É, μ³Å³Ý»É. ~ ݳϳÏÇó »ñ³ÅßïáõÃÛáõÝÁ. have a fine ~ of
one’s time between different actions ųٳ- ß³ï Ýáõñμ Ó¨áí ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É áñ¨¿ μ³Ý. deep
ݳÏÁ μ³ßË»É ï³ñμ»ñ ·áñÍ»ñÇ íñ³. ~ ~ of kindness/advice ËáñÁ »ñ³Ëï³å³ñ-
money ÷áÕÁ μ³ß˻ɣ ïáõÃÛáõÝ μ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý/ËáñÑñ¹Ç ѳٳñ. as a
apportionment [ə΄pɔ:∫nmənt] n μ³ßËáõÙ, token of ~ Ç Ýß³Ý »ñ³Ëï³·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý.
μ³Å³ÝáõÙ£ (³ñÅ»ùÇ μ³ñÓñ³óáõÙ/óÝϳóáõÙ):
apposite [΄æpəzit] 1. a ѳñÙ³ñ, í³Û»Éáõã. appreciative [ə΄pri:∫iətiv] a »ñ³Ëï³-
an ~ rermark ï»ÕÇÝ ¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ μ³ßË»É. å³ñï, »ñ³Ëï³·»ï. ~ of favour »ñ³Ë-
2. v ~ the blame equally Ù»ÕùÁ ѳí³ë³ñ³- ï³·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ μ³ñÇ Í³é³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ.
ã³÷ μ³ß˻ɣ ~ audience ½·³ÛáõÝ/ßÝáñÑ³Ï³É áõÝÏݹÇñ. ~
apposition [‚æpə΄zi∫n] n ¹Ý»ÉÁ. ~ of seal of slightest difference of colour ·áõÛÝ»ñÇ
ÏÝÇù ¹Ý»ÉÁ. ù»ñ. μ³ó³Ñ³ÛïÇã: ³Ù»Ý³Ýáõñμ »ñ³Ý·Ý»ñÇ ÁÝϳÉáõÙ:
appraisal [ə΄preizl] n ·Ý³Ñ³ï³Ï³Ý, ·Ý³- apprehend [‚æpri΄hend] v ѳëϳݳÉ,
ѳïáõÙ. ~ mission ·Ý³Ñ³ïÙ³Ý Í³é³- ÁÙμéÝ»É. Ïé³Ñ»É. ~ the intentions of the authûr
ÛáõÃÛáõÝ/³é³ù»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ: Ñ»ÕÇݳÏÇ Ùï³ÑÕ³óáõÙÁ ѳëϳݳÉ/ÁÙ-
appraise [ə΄preiz] v ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É. ~ the abilities μéÝ»É (ϳÝ˳½·³É, ݳ˳½·³É). Do you ~
of pupils ³ß³Ï»ñïÝ»ñÇ áõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ any difficulty? ¸áõù ÇÝã-áñ μ³ñ¹áõÃÛáõÝÝ»±ñ
·Ý³Ñ³ï»É£ »ù ³ÏÝϳÉáõÙ. ~ a danger íï³Ý· ݳ˳-
appraisement [ə΄preizmənt] n ·Ý³- ½·³É. (Ó»ñμ³Ï³É»É, μéÝ»É) ~ a thief ·áÕÇÝ
ѳïáõÙ£ μéÝ»É:
appraiser [ə΄preizə] n ·Ý³Ñ³ïáÕ, ë³Ï³- apprehensible [‚æpri΄hensəbl] a ÁÙμéÝáÕ£
·ÇÝ Ý߳ݳÏáÕ: apprehension [‚æpri΄hen∫n] n ÁÙμéÝáÕáõ-
appreciable [ə΄pri:∫əbl] a Ýϳï»ÉÇ, ßáß³- ÃÛáõÝ, ÁÙμéÝ»Éáõ ÁݹáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ. quick/
apprehensive 58 approvingly

dull of ~ ³ñ³·/¹³Ý¹³Õ ÁÙμéÝáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. approbate [΄æprəubeit] v ѳí³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ


(í³Ë, ݳ˳½·³óáõÙ) feel ~ for smb’s safety ï³É, í³í»ñ³óÝ»É:
Ù»ÏÇ ³Ýíï³Ý·áõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ í³ï ϳÝ- approbation [‚æprəu΄bei∫n] n ѳí³Ýáõ-
˳½·³óáõÙ áõݻݳÉ. I wated for him with ÃÛáõÝ, í³í»ñ³óáõÙ:
some ~ ºë Ýñ³Ý áñáß ³ÝѳݷëïáõÃÛ³Ùμ ¿Ç approbatory [‚æprəu΄beitəri] a ѳí³Ýáõ-
ëå³ëáõÙ. ~ of failure Ó³ËáÕÙ³Ý í³Ë ³å- ÃÛ³Ý, ѳٳÏñ»ÉÇ:
ñ»É. be full of ~ for ³Ýѳݷëï³Ý³É áñ¨¿ appropriate [ə΄prəupriət] a ѳٳå³ï³ë-
μ³ÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. vague ~ ³Ýáñáß í³Ë. in a ˳Ý, ѳñÙ³ñ, å³ïß³×. ~ clothes ѳñÙ³ñ
tone of ~ ﳷݳå³ÉÇó/Ñáõ½áõÙݳÉÇó ïá- ѳ·áõëï. ~ moment ѳñÙ³ñ å³Ñ. ~ to
Ýáí: occasion ¹»åùÇÝ Ñ³ñÙ³ñ/ѳٳå³ï³-
apprehensive [‚æpri΄hensiv] a í³Ëáí/ݳ- ˳Ý. ~ remark ï»ÕÇÝ ¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. most ~
˳½·³óáõÙáí ÉÇ. be ~ ³Ýѳݷëï³Ý³É, speech ËÇëï ï»ÕÇÝ »ÉáõÛÃ. apply to the ~
Ñáõ½í»É. be ~ before an exam Ñáõ½í»É ùÝÝáõ- department ¹ÇÙ»É Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý μ³-
ÃÛáõÝÇó ³é³ç. I am ~ for her health ºë »ñÏ- ÅÇÝ. ~ tool ѳٳå³ï³ë˳Ý/ѳñÙ³ñ
ÛáõÕ »Ù ÏñáõÙ Ýñ³ ³éáÕçáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ. ~ ·áñÍÇù:
of further defeats ³Ýѳݷëï³Ý³É ѻﳷ³ appropriate [ə΄prəuprieit] v Ûáõñ³óÝ»É,
å³ñïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. ~ of the disaster ë»÷³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É. My son has ~d my book
¹Åμ³ËïáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³Ý˳½·áõÙ: àñ¹Çë Ûáõñ³óñ»É ¿ ·Çñùë. ~ one’s ideas
apprentice [ə΄prentis] n ³ß³Ï»ñï (³ñÑ»ë- ë»÷³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É áñ¨¿ Ù»ÏÇ Ùïù»ñÁ. Funds
ï³íáñÇ), ³ßÏ»ñï. ëÏëݳÏ. ~ school ³ñ- have been ~d for a new theatre Üáñ óïñáÝÇ
Ñ»ëï³·áñÍ³Ï³Ý áõëáõÙݳñ³Ý. go ~ ³ß- ѳٳñ ·áõÙ³ñ ¿ ѳïϳóí»É£
Ï»ñï ¹³éݳÉ: appropriation [‚əprəupri΄ei∫n] n Ûáõñ³-
apprenticeship [ə΄prentis∫ip] n ³ßÏ»ñïáõ- óáõÙ, ë»÷³Ï³Ý³óáõÙ. ~ of a piece of pro-
ÃÛáõÝ, ³ßÏ»ñïáõÃÛ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³ßñç³ÝÁ. perty (áõñÇßÇ) ë»÷³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ûáõñ³óáõÙ.
He served his ~ with a carpenter ܳ ³ï³Õ- budget ~ μÛáõç»ï³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ïϳóáõÙ. make an
Ó³·áñÍÇ ³ß³Ï»ñï ¿ »Õ»É: ~ for payment of debts å³ñïù»ñÁ í׳ñ»Éáõ
apprise [ə΄praiz] v ͳÝáõó»É, ï»Õ»Ï³óÝ»É. ѳٳñ ·áõÙ³ñ ѳïϳóݻɣ
~ the situation ï»Õ»Ï³óÝ»É Çñ³íÇ׳ÏÇ Ù³- approval [ə΄pru:vl] n ѳí³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳٳ-
ëÇÝ. be ~d of the date ûñí³ Ù³ëÇÝ ï»ÕÛ³Ï Ó³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ. express/receive/merit an ~³ñï³-
å³Ñ»É: ѳÛï»É/ëï³Ý³É/³ñÅ³Ý³Ý³É Ñ³í³Ýáõ-
approach [ə΄prəut∫] n Ùáï»Ý³ÉÁ, Ùáï»- ÃÛ³Ý. He nodded (in) ~ ܳ ·ÉËáí ³ñ»ó Ç
óáõÙ. ~ of night/winter/train ÓÙ»éí³ Ùáï»Ý³- Ýß³Ý Ñ³í³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý. She smiled (in) ~ ܳ
ÉÁ/·Çß»ñí³ íñ³ ѳëÝ»ÉÁ/·Ý³óùÇ Ùáï»- Ååï³ó Ëñ³Ëáõë³Ýùáí. ïÝï. on ~ Ïñ×.
ݳÉÁ. at his ~ Ýñ³ Ùáï»Ý³Éáõ å³ÑÇÝ. one- on appro ëïáõ·Ù³Ý/÷áñÓ³ñÏÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ.
sided/basic/wrong ~ ÙdzÏáÕÙ³ÝÇ/ÑÇÙݳ- submit for ~ Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É Ñ³ëï³ïÙ³Ý:
ϳÝ/ëË³É Ùáï»óáõÙ. entirely new ~ μáÉáñá- approve [ə΄pru:v] v ѳí³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É. ~
íÇÝ Ýáñ Ùáï»óáõÙ. new lines of ~ Ùáï»óÙ³Ý plan/suggestion/decision Íñ³·ñÇÝ/³é³ç³ñ-
Ýáñ áõÕÇÝ»ñ. (Ù³ïáõÛó, Ùáï»Ý³ÉÁ) at the ÏÇÝ/áñáßÙ³ÝÁ ѳí³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É. ~ of the
~es to the town ù³Õ³ùÇ Ù³ïáõÛóÝ»ñáõÙ. The idea ÙïùÇÝ Ñ³í³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É. I don’t ~ of
house has an easy ~ Þ»ÝùÁ ѳñÙ³ñ Ù³ïáõÛó- wasting time ºë ã»Ù ëÇñáõ٠ųٳݳÏ
Ý»ñ áõÝÇ. an ~ road Ù»ñÓ³ï³ñ/Ù³ïáõÛó³- ÏáñóÝ»É. ~ the book for publication ·ÇñùÁ
ÛÇÝ áõÕÇ. make ~es to smb ëÇñ³Ñ»ï»É áñ¨¿ Ññ³ï³ñ³ÏÙ³Ý »ñ³ß˳íáñ»É. ~ of one’s
Ù»ÏÇÝ: choice ÁÝïñáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ѳí³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É:
approach [ə΄prəut∫] v Ùáï»Ý³É: approved [ə΄pru:vd] a ѳëï³ïí³Í, ÁÝ-
approachable [ə΄prəut∫əbl] a Ù³ïã»ÉÇ. He ¹áõÝí³Í. ~ agenda ѳëï³ïí³Í ûñ³Ï³ñ·.
is very ~ Üñ³Ý Ñ»ßï ¿ ¹ÇÙ»ÉÁ£ an ~ school ³Ýã³÷³Ñ³ëÝ»ñÇ áõÕÕÇã ·³-
approaching [ə΄prəut∫iŋ] a Ùáï»óáÕ, ÕáõÃ:
·³ÉÇù. the ~ holiday Ùáï»óáÕ ïáÝÁ. ~ traffic approvingly [ə΄pru:viŋli] adv ѳí³Ýáõ-
ѳݹÇå³Ï³ó »ñè»ÏáõÃÛáõÝ: ÃÛáõÝ ï³Éáí, í³í»ñ³óÝ»Éáí:
approximate 59 arbitrate

approximate [ə΄prɒksimət] a Ùáï³íáñ, offence ܳ ß³ï ݻճóÏáï ¿. The fire is ~ to


Ùáï. the ~ area Ùáï³íáñ ï³ñ³ÍùÁ. ~ cost go out Îñ³ÏÝ ³ÝÁݹѳï ѳݷãáõÙ ¿:
Ùáï³íáñ ³ñÅ»ùÁ: aptitude [΄æptitju:d] n ÁݹáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ~
approximate [ə΄prɒksimeit] v Ùáï»Ý³É for languages É»½í³Ï³Ý áõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ. unu-
(ÑïÏå.` ù³Ý³ÏÇ ¨ áñ³ÏÇ Ù³ëÇÝ) ~ to the sual/natural ~ ³ñï³Ï³ñ·/μÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ÏáõÙ.
truth ×ßÙ³ñïáõÃÛ³ÝÁ Ùáï ÉÇÝ»É/Ùáï»Ý³É. ~ test áõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ëïáõ·áõÙ:
Ideas ~ to target ¶³Õ³÷³ñÝ»ñÁ Ùáï»ÝáõÙ Aqua Libra [΄ækwə ΄li:brə] n λݳó çáõñ
»Ý Ýå³ï³ÏÝ»ñÇÝ: (ݳ¨ª Ùñ·³ÑÛáõà ¨ ³ÛÉÝ)£
approximately [ə΄prɒksimətli] adv Ùáï³- aqualung [΄ækwəlΛŋ] n ³Ïí³É³Ý·:
íáñ³å»ë. know ~ Ùáï³íáñ³å»ë ÇٳݳÉ. aquamarine [‚ækwəmə΄ri:n] 1. n Íáí³ÏÝ
It will cost ~ ... Øáï³íáñ³å»ë ϳñŻݳ..: (óÝϳñÅ»ù ù³ñ). 2. a Íáí³Ïݳ·áõÛÝ, ϳ-
approximation [ə‚prɒksi΄mei∫n] n Ùáï»- ݳã-ϳåáõÛï:
óáõÙ, Ùáï»Ý³ÉÁ. a very close ~ to ß³ï Ùáï/ aquarelle [‚ækwə΄rel] n çñ³Ý»ñÏ:
Ùáï»Ý³ÉÁ. a mere ~ ÙdzÛÝ Ùáï³íáñ³å»ë aquarium [ə΄kweəriəm] n ³Ïí³ñÇáõÙ:
×Çßï/×ß·ñÇï I can only give you an ~ of ... aquatic [ə΄kwætik] a çñ³ÛÇÝ. ~ sports çñ³ÛÇÝ
ºë ÙdzÛÝ Ùáï³íáñ³å»ë ϳñáÕ »Ù ³ë»É... ëåáñï. ~ plants çñ³μáõÛë»ñ. n çñ³ÛÇÝ
Ù³Ã. Ùáï³íáñ ÃÇí/·áõÙ³ñ: μáõÛë/ϻݹ³ÝÇ:
approximative [ə΄prɒksimətiv] a Ùá- aqueduct [΄ækwidΛkt] n çñ³Ï³Ùáõñç,
ï³íáñ, Ù»ñÓ³íáñ: ³Ïí»¹áõÏ:
appurtenance [ə΄pə:tinəns] n ѳí»Éí³Í, aqueous [΄eikwiəs] a çñ³ÛÇÝ, çñáï, ~ solu-
³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï/ûųݹ³Ï å³ñ³·³Ý»ñÁ. the tion çñ³ÛÇÝ ÉáõÍáõÛÃ. »ñÏñμ. (Ýëïí³Í-
house and its ~s ïáõÝÁ ¨ ³ÛÝ, ÇÝã Ýñ³Ý ù³ÛÇÝ) ~ rock Ýëïí³Íù³ÛÇÝ ³å³ñ:
å³ïϳÝáõÙ ¿: aquiferous [ə΄kwifərəs] a »ñÏñμ. çñ³μ»ñ£
appurtenant [ə΄pə:tinənt] a å³ïϳÝáÕ, aquiline [΄ækwilain] a ³ñÍí³ÛÇÝ. ~ nose
í»ñ³μ»ñáÕ: ³ñÍí³ùÇÃ:
apricot [΄eiprikɒt] n, a ÍÇñ³Ý (ͳéÁ ¨ Arab [΄ærəb] n, a ³ñ³μ, ³ñ³μ³Ï³Ý. the
ÙÇñ·Á) stone of/in an ~ ÍÇñ³ÝÇ Ïáñǽ. ~ Arabs ³ñ³μÝ»ñÁ. ~ (horse) ³ñ³μ³Ï³Ý ÓÇ.
juice/jam ÍÇñ³ÝÇ ÑÛáõÃ/Ùáõñ³μ³: city/street ~ ³Ý³å³ëï³Ý »ñ»Ë³:
April [΄eiprəl] n, a ³åñÇÉ. ³åñÇÉÛ³Ý. ~ fool arabesque [‚ærə΄besk] n ×ñï. ½³ñ¹³Ýß³Ý:
³åñÇÉÙ»ÏÛ³Ý Ï³ï³ÏÇ ½áÑ. ~ Fool’s day Arabian [ə΄reibiən] n, a ³ñ³μ, ³ñ³μ³Ï³Ý.
(àõñ³Ë) γï³ÏÝ»ñÇ ûñ. ~ fish ³åñÇÉÙ»Ï- the ~ bird ÷ÛáõÝÇÏ. ~ Nights ѳ½³ñ áõ ÙÇ
Û³Ý Ï³ï³Ï. ~ shower ³Ýëå³ë»ÉÇ ï»- ·Çß»ñ (³ñ³μ³Ï³Ý Ñ»ùdzÃÝ»ñÁ). ~ camel
Õ³ï³ñ³÷ ³ÝÓñ¨: ϻݹ. Ùdzë³å³ï áõÕï:
apron [΄eiprən] n ·á·Ýáó. put on an ~ ·á·Ýáó Arabic [΄ærəbik] n, a ³ñ³μ»ñ»Ý. ³ñ³μ³-
ϳå»É. ͳÍÏáó (ϳéùÇ, Ù»ù»Ý³ÛÇ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ). ϳÝ, ²ñ³μdzÛÇ. ~ numerals ³ñ³μ³Ï³Ý
óï. ݳ˳μ»Ù. tied to his mother’s/wife’s ~ Ãí»ñ (1, 2, 3 ¨ ³ÛÉÝ):
strings Ùáñ/ÏÝáç ÷»ßÇó Ïå³Í/÷»ßÇÝ ·»ñÇ£ arable [΄ærəbl] n, a í³ñ»ÉÇ, Ñ»ñÏ»ÉÇ. ~ land
apropos [‚æprə΄pəu] a, adv ųٳݳÏÇÝ, í³ñ»É³ÑáÕ. ~ layer Ñ»ñÏ»ÉÇ ß»ñï (ÑáÕÇ):
ï»ÕÇÝ. be very much ~ ß³ï ųٳݳÏÇÝ/ arbalest [΄a:bəlist] n ³Õ»Õݳ½»Ý, ÇÝùݳ-
ï»ÕÇÝ ÉÇÝ»É. (Ç ÙÇçÇ ³ÛÉáó, ³éÃÇí). ~ of ÓÇ· ³Õ»Õ, ³ñμ³É»ï:
your remark ÇÝã í»ñ³μ»ñáõÙ ¿ Ó»ñ ¹ÇïáÕáõ- arbiter [΄a:bitə] n Çñ³í³ñ³ñ, ÙÇçÝáñ¹ ¹³-
ÃÛ³ÝÁ, Ó»ñ ¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛ³Ý ³éÃÇí. ~ of our ï³íáñ. Ùñ½. ·É˳íáñ ¹³ï³íáñ. ~ of our
talk Ù»ñ ½ñáõÛóÇ Ï³å³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ùμ: fate Ù»ñ μ³ËïÇ ïÇñ³Ï³É:
apt [æpt] a ÁݹáõݳÏ. an ~ student ÁݹáõÝ³Ï arbitrage [΄a:bitra:з] n Çñ³í³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ,
áõë³ÝáÕ. an ~ remark/quotation ï»ÕÇÝ Ýϳ- ÙÇçÝáñ¹ ¹³ï³ñ³Ý:
ïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ/Ù»çμ»ñáõÙ. an ~ discription ѳ- arbitrary [΄a:bitrəri] a ÇÝùݳϳÙ, ³ÝÑÇÙÝ,
çáÕ Ýϳñ³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ. be ~ to illness ÑÇí³Ý- ϳٳ۳ϳÝ. ·ñù. μéݳϳɳϳÝ. ~ estima-
¹áõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ÏáõÙ áõݻݳÉ. He is ~ to forget te ãÑÇÙݳíáñí³Í ·Ý³Ñ³ï³Ï³Ý:
ܳ ß³ï ßáõï ¿ Ùáé³ÝáõÙ. She is ~ to take arbitrate [΄a:bitreit] v ¹³ï»É ÙÇçÝáñ¹ ¹³-
arbitration 60 arctic

ï³ñ³Ýáí/Çñ³í³ñ³ñáí ~ between the two archaism [΄a:keiizm] n Ñݳó³Í μ³é/³ñ-


sides »ñÏáõ ÏáÕÙ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨ áñå»ë Çñ³- ï³Ñ³ÛïáõÃÛáõÝ/á×, ³ñ˳ǽÙ:
í³ñ³ñ ѳݹ»ë ·³É: archangel [΄a:k‚eindзəl] n Ññ»ßï³Ï³å»ï:
arbitration [‚a:bi΄trei∫n] n Çñ³í³ñ³ñáõ- archbishop [a:t∫΄bi∫əp] n ³ñù»åÇëÏáåáë:
ÃÛáõÝ, ÙÇçÝáñ¹ ¹³ï³íáñÇ áñáßáõÙ. settle archbishopric [a:t∫΄bi∫əprik] n ³ñù»åÇë-
by ~ í»×Á ÉáõÍ»É ÙÇçÝáñ¹ ¹³ï³ñ³Ýáí. ~ ÏáåáëáõÃÛáõÝ:
tribunal ÙÇçÝáñ¹ ¹³ï³ñ³Ý. court of ~ ÙÇç- arched [a:t∫t] a ϳٳñ³Ï³å, ϳٳñ³Ó¨,
Ýáñ¹ ¹³ï³ñ³Ý. Permanent Court of ~ г³- Ïáñ³ó³Í. ~ girder ѻͳÝ, ·»ñ³Ý, Óáճϳ-
·³ÛÇ ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ¹³ï³ñ³Ý: éáõÛó:
arbitrator [΄a:bitreitə] n ÙÇçÝáñ¹ ¹³ï³- arch-enemy [a:t∫΄enəmi] n áË»ñÇÙ ÃßݳÙÇ.
íáñ, Çñ³í³ñ³ñ: the ~ ë³ï³Ý³:
arbor [΄a:bə] n ï»Ë. ·É³Ý, ³é³Ýóù. ³Ù. archer [΄a:t∫ə] n ³Õ»ÕݳÓÇ·. ³ëïÕμ. Archer
ͳé. ~ Day ¶³ñݳݪ ̳é³ïÝÏÇ ïáÝ. ï³- ²Õ»Õݳínr (ѳٳëï»ÕáõÃÛáõÝ):
Õ³í³ñ: archery [΄a:t∫əri] n ³Õ»ÕݳӷáõÃÛáõÝ:
arboreal [a:΄bɔ:riəl] a ÷³Ûï³ÝÛáõÃÇ, ÷³Û- archetypal [΄a:kitaipəl] a ݳ˳ïÇå³Ï³Ý,
ïÇ. (ͳé³μݳÏ) ~ animals ͳé³μÝ³Ï Ï»Ý- ëϽμݳϳÝ, ³é³çݳÛÇÝ. μÝÇÏ:
¹³ÝÇÝ»ñ (ëÏÛáõé, ϳåÇÏ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ): archetype [΄a:kitaip] n ݳ˳ïÇå:
arboreous [a:΄bɔ:riəs] a ͳé³Ï»ñå, ͳ- archimandrite [‚a:ki΄mændrait] n í³ñ-
é³ÝÙ³Ý. ³Ýï³é³ß³ï: ¹³å»ï:
arboriculture [΄a:bəri‚kΛlt∫ə] n ³Ýï³é³- archipelago [‚a:ki΄peləgəu] n ÏսdzËáõÙμ,
μáõÍáõÃÛáõÝ: ³ñßÇå»É³·:
arbour [΄a:bə] n ï³Õ³í³ñ: architect [΄a:kitekt] n ׳ñï³ñ³å»ï.
arc [a:k] n Ù³Ã., ¿É. ³Õ»Õ. ~ lamp ³Õ»Õݳ- ÷Ëμ. ëï»ÕÍáÕ, ³ñ³ñÇã. naval ~ ÇÝŻݻñ
íáñ ɳÙå: ݳí³ßÇݳñ³ñ. ~ of one’s own happiness/
arcade [a:΄keid] n ×ñï. ϳٳñ³ß³ñù, fortunes Çñ μ³ËïÁ ëï»ÕÍáÕ/ïÝûñÇÝáÕ:
ϳٳñ³Ï³å ëñ³Ñ (ëáíñ. ˳ÝáõÃÝ»ñáí): architectonic [‚a:kitek΄tɒnik] a ׳ñï³ñ³-
Arcadian [a:΄keidiən] a Ñáíí»ñ·³Ï³Ý, å»ï³Ï³Ý, ϳéáõóáճϳÝ:
·ÛáõճϳÝ: architectural [‚a:ki΄tekt∫rəl] a ׳ñï³ñ³-
arch [a:t∫] n ϳٳñ, ³Õ»Õ. semicircular/ å»ï³Ï³Ý. ~ engineering ׳ñï³ñ³å»ï³-
triumphal ÏÇë³ÏÉáñ/ѳÕÃ³Ï³Ý Ï³Ù³ñ. the ϳÝ, ßÇݳñ³ñ³Ï³Ý ï»ËÝÇϳ:
shape of an ~ ϳٳñ³Ó¨. under the ~es of a architecture [΄a:kitekt∫ə] n ׳ñï³ñ³å»-
bridge/cathedral ϳÙáõñçÇ/ï³×³ñÇ Ï³Ù³ñ- ïáõÃÛáõÝ, ϳéáõóí³Íù, ß»Ýù. ׳ñï³ñ³-
Ý»ñÇ ï³Ï. fallen ~es μÅßÏ. ѳñóóÃáõ- å»ï³Ï³Ý á×: ruins of ancient ~s ÑÇÝ ßÇÝáõ-
ÃÛáõÝ: ÃÛáõÝÝÝ»ñÇ ³í»ñ³ÏÝ»ñ. (׳ñï³ñ³å»-
arch [a:t∫] a Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏ, ݻݷ. ~ smile/look/ ï³Ï³Ý á×) Gothic/Armenian/Greek ~ ·áó-
glance Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏ ÅåÇï/ѳ۳óù look ~ ϳÝ/ѳÛϳϳÝ/ÑáõÝ³Ï³Ý á×:
ã³ñ³××Ç/Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏ ï»ëù áõݻݳÉ: archival [a:΄kaivl] a ³ñËÇí³ÛÇÝ. ~ deposi-
arch [a:t∫] v ϳٳñ³å³ï»É. ϳٳñ³Ó¨/ tory ³ñËÇí³ÛÇÝ ÝÛáõûñÇ å³Ñáó:
³Õ»ÕݳӨ Ïáñ³Ý³É. The river is ~ed over by archives [΄a:kaivz] n pl ³ñËÇí, å³Ñáó:
the bridge ¶»ïÇ íñ³Ûáí ϳÙáõñç ¿ ³ÝóÝáõÙ. archivist [΄a:kivist] n ³ñËÇí³ñÇáõë:
The cat ~ed its back γïáõÝ Ïáñ³óñ»ó Ù»ç- archly [΄a:t∫li] adv Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏáñ»Ý, ݻݷá-
ùÁ. ~ the eyebrows ÑáÝù»ñÁ (ϳٳñ³Ó¨/) ñ»Ý:
μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É: archway [΄a:t∫wei] n ϳٳñ³Ï³å ³Ýóù,
archaeological [‚a:kiə΄lɒdзikl] a Ñݳ·Ç- ³Ýóáõ٠ϳٳñÇ ï³Ï:
ï³Ï³Ý: archwise [΄a:t∫waiz] adv ϳٳñ³ÝÙ³Ý,
archaeologist [‚a:ki΄ɒlədзist] n Ñݳ·»ï: ³Õ»ÕݳӨ:
archaeology [‚a:ki΄ɒlədзi] n Ñݳ·Çïáõ- arctic [΄a:ktik] a 쨻é³ÛÇÝ, ÑÛáõëÇë³ÛÇÝ. the
ÃÛáõÝ: A~ ³ñÏïÇϳ. the A~ circle ÐÛáõëÇë³ÛÇÝ
archaic [a:΄keik] a ÑÇÝ, Ñݳó³Í, ³ñ˳ÇÏ: 쨻é³ÛÇÝ ·áïÇ. the A~ ocean ÐÛáõëÇë³ÛÇÝ
ardency 61 aristocrat

ê³éáõóÛ³É ûíÏdzÝáë. ~ weather ß³ï íϳÛáõÙ ¿, áñ ݳ ûï³ñ»ñÏñ³óÇ ¿, Ù³ï-


óáõñï »Õ³Ý³Ï: ÝáõÙ ¿ Ýñ³ ûï³ñ»ñÏñ³óÇ ÉÇÝ»ÉÁ. ~ in
ardency [΄a:dnsi] n »é³Ý¹. Ïñ³Ï. μáõéÝ favour of ÷³ëï³ñÏ»É Ç û·áõï. Don’t ~! ØÇ°
ó³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ: íÇ×Çñ (³å³óáõó»É) It ~s him an honest man
ardent [΄a:dnt] a í³é, Ïñ³Ïáï, μáó³í³é. ¸³ ³å³óáõóáõÙ ¿, áñ ݳ ³½ÝÇí Ù³ñ¹ ¿:
an ~ desire μáõéÝ ó³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ. an ~ supporter argument [΄a:gjumənt] n í»×, μ³Ý³í»×.
ÙáÉÇ ÏáÕÙݳÏÇó/å³ßïå³Ý. an ~ lover ÷³ëï³ñÏ, ³å³óáõÛó. weak/unconvincing ~
Ïñ³Ïáï ëÇñ³Ñ³ñ: ÃáõÛÉ/áã ѳÙá½Çã ÷³ëï³ñÏ. a good ~ ѳ-
ardently [΄a:dntli] adv ç»ñÙ, í³é, ç»ñÙáñ»Ý: Ùá½Çã ÷³ëï³ñÏ. a matter of ~ íÇ×»ÉÇ
ardour [΄a:də] n »é³Ý¹, ç»ñÙáõÃÛáõÝ. damp ѳñó. refute ~s ÅËï»É. have the better of the
smb’s ~ ·ÉËÇÝ ë³éÁ çáõñ ÉóÝ»É, Ñdzó- ~ í»×áõÙ ³í»ÉÇ áõÅ»Õ ÉÇÝ»É. heated ~ ï³ù
ÙáõÝùÁ ˳÷³Ý»É: í»×, μ³Ý³í»×. Let’s have no ~s ºÏ»ù ãíÇ-
arduous [΄a:djuəs] a ¹Åí³ñ, ɳñí³Í. ~ ×»Ýù. hear only one side of the ~ ѳñóÇ ÙdzÛÝ
work ͳÝñ/ɳñí³Í ³ß˳ï³Ýù. an ~ climb ÙÇ ÏáÕÙÁ Éë»É. for the sake of ~ »Ýó¹ñ»Ýù.
¹Åí³ñ í»ñ»Éù: I don’t follow your ~ γå ã»Ù ï»ëÝáõÙ Ó»ñ
are [a:] n ÑáÕ³ÛÇÝ ï³ñ³ÍùÇ Ùdzíáñ: ÷³ëï³ñÏÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨. be open to ~ å³ï-
area [΄eəriə] n ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, ï³ñ³Íù, Ù³- ñ³ëï ÉÇÝ»É Éë»É ³ÛÉ ÷³ëï³ñÏÝ»ñ/ϳñ-
Ï»ñ»ë. ÷Ëμ. áÉáñï, ßñç³Ý. vast ~ ɳÛÝ ï³- ÍÇùÝ»ñ. a strong ~ ѳÙá½Çã ÷³ëï³ñÏ:
ñ³Íù. the ~ of a triangle »é³ÝÏÛ³Ý Ù³Ï»ñ»ë. argumentation [‚a:gjumen΄tei∫n] n ÷³ë-
sown ~ ó³Ýù³ï³ñ³Íù. the ~ of finance ï³ñÏáõÙ, å³ï׳é³μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. í»×, íÇ-
ýÇݳÝëÝ»ñÇ áÉáñïÁ. the ~s of disagreement ׳μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ£
³ÝѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ñó»ñ. the postal ~s argumentative [‚a:gju΄mentətiv] a íÇ×»ÉÇ.
(ù³Õ³ùÇ/) ÷áëï³ÛÇÝ μ³Å³ÝÙáõÝùÝ»ñÁ. ïñ³Ù³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý. be very ~ ß³ï ëÇñ»É
desert ~s of Asia ²ëdzÛÇ ³Ý³å³ï³ÛÇÝ íÇ×»É:
ßñç³ÝÝ»ñÁ. prohibited ~ ³ñ·»Éí³Í ï³- argus-eyed [΄a:gəsaid] a ëñ³ï»ë, ³ñÃáõÝ:
ñ³Íù, ½áݳ. ~ study »ñÏñ³·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ argute [a:΄gju:t] a ëáõñ, Ëáñ³Ã³÷³Ýó.
code ÙÇçù³Õ³ù³ÛÇÝ Ñ»é³Ëáë³ÛÇÝ Ïá¹. ~ ëáõñ, ³Ï³Ýç ͳÏáÕ (Ó³ÛÝÇ Ù³ëÇÝ):
services ï³ñ³Í³ßñç³Ý³ÛÇÝ Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ- aria [΄a:riə] n ٻݻñ·:
Ý»ñ. living ~ μݳÏï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. parking ~ arid [΄ærid] a ãáñ, ãáñ³ÛÇÝ. ³Ýμ»ññÇ (ÑáÕÇ
ϳ۳ݳï»Õ: Ù³ëÇÝ) ~ region/desert ãáñ³ÛÇÝ/³Ý³å³ï³-
arena [ə΄ri:nə] n ³ëå³ñ»½, ³ñ»Ý³. the ~ of ÛÇÝ ßñç³Ý. ~ studies Ó³ÝÓñ³ÉÇ/ï³ÕïϳÉÇ
politics ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý áÉáñï. the ~ of ½μ³ÕÙáõÝù/áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ:
bears and bulls ýáݹ³ÛÇÝ μáñë³: aridity [ə΄ridəti] n ãáñáõÃÛáõÝ, ãáñ³ÛÝáõ-
argent [΄a:dзənt] a ³ñͳÃÛ³, ³ñͳó- ÃÛáõÝ. ³Ýμ»ññÇáõÃÛáõÝ:
÷³ÛÉ: Aries [΄eəri:z] n ÊáÛ (ѳٳëï»ÕáõÃÛáõÝ):
argil [΄a:dзil] n μñáõï³·áñÍ³Ï³Ý Ï³í: aright [ə΄rait] adv ×Çßï, ×ßïáñ»Ý. set ~
Argonaut [΄a:gənɔ:t] n ¹Çó. ³ñ·áݳíáñ¹£ áõÕÕ»É. hear ~ ×Çßï ѳëϳݳÉ. if I heard ~
argot [΄a:gəu] n ųñ·áÝ, ³ñ·á: »Ã» »ë ×Çßï ѳëϳó³:
arguable [΄a:gjuəbl] a íÇ×»ÉÇ, ³é³ñÏ»ÉÇ ~ arise [ə΄raiz] v ͳ·»É, ѳÛïÝí»É, ³é³ç³-
point íÇ×»ÉÇ Ñ³ñó: ݳÉ. The question did not ~ ²Û¹ Ù³ëÇÝ Ëáëù
argue [΄a:gju:] v íÇ×»É. ~ with smb/over smth ãÇ »Õ»É, ¸³ μ³ó³éí³Í ¿. should the opportu-
íÇ×»É Ù»ÏÇ Ñ»ï ÙÇ μ³ÝÇ Ù³ëÇÝ. (³å³óáõ- nity ~ »Ã» (ѳñÙ³ñ) ³éÇà ͳ·Ç. Serious
ó»É, ùÝݳñÏ»É) ~ for/against/that ³å³óáõó»É problems may ~ γñáÕ »Ý Éáõñç åñáμÉ»ÙÝ»ñ
ÏáÕÙ/¹»Ù/áñ ~ smb into/out of doing smth ͳ·»É. ~ from misunderstanding ÃÛáõñ-
ѳÙá½»É Ù»ÏÇÝ áñ¨¿ μ³Ý ³Ý»É/ã³Ý»É ÁÙμéÝÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝù ÉÇÝ»É:
(åݹ»É) I’d like to ~ that point Îó³ÝϳݳÛÇ aristocracy [‚æris΄tɒkrəsi] n ³½Ýí³Ï³Ýáõ-
³é³ñÏ»É ³Û¹ ϳå³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ùμ. ~ that ÃÛáõÝ, ³ñÇëïáÏñ³ïdz:
åݹ»É, ѳëï³ï»É. (íϳۻÉ) His accent ~s aristocrat [΄æristəkræt] n ³½Ýí³Ï³Ý,
him a foreigner Üñ³ ³ñï³ë³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ³ñÇëïáÏñ³ï:
aristocratic 62 around

aristocratic [‚æristə΄krætik] a ³½Ýí³Ï³Ý, arm hole [΄a:mhəul] n è³ï»Õ, è³ï³Ï,


³ñÇëïáÏñï³Ï³Ý: ³ÝáõÃ:
arithmetic [ə΄riθmətik] n Ãí³μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: arming [΄a:miŋ] n ½ÇÝáõÙ, ½ÇÝ»ÉÁ:
arithmetical [‚æriθ΄metikl] a Ãí³μ³Ý³- armistice [΄a:mistis] n ½Çݳ¹³¹³ñ. gene-
ϳÝ. ~ progression Ãí³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý åñá·ñ»- ral/partial ~ ÁݹѳÝáõñ/Ù³ëݳÏÇ ½Çݳ¹³-
ëdz: ¹³ñ:
ark [a:k] n ³ñÏÕ. ï³å³Ý. Noah ‘s ~ ÜáÛÛ³Ý armless I [΄a:mləs] a ³Ýè. ×ÛáõÕ³½áõñÏ
ï³å³Ý: (ͳéÇ Ù³ëÇÝ):
arm I [a:m] n μ³½áõÏ, è. ~ in~ è³ÝóáõÏ armless II [΄a:mləs] a ³Ý½»Ý:
with open ~s ·ñϳμ³ó. at ~’s length å³ï- armlet [΄a:mlət] n èÝáó. ³å³ñ³Ýç³Ý.
ß³× Ñ»é³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³. a babe in ~s ÷áùñÇÏ Íáí³Ëáñß:
ÍÍÏ»ñ »ñ»Ë³. rush into smb‘s ~s Ù»ÏÇ ·ÇñÏÝ armor [΄a:mə] ½ñ³Ñ (ݳíÇ, ï³ÝÏÇ). ½»Ýù
ÁÝÏÝ»É. chance one’s ~s Ëǽ³Ë»É, áõ ½ñ³Ñ. ëϳý³Ý¹ñ. ~ clad ½ñ³Ñ³íáñí³Í,
ѳݹ·Ý»É. put one’s ~s round smb ·ñϳ- ½ñ³Ñ³å³ï:
˳éÝí»É. under one’s ~s è³ï³ÏÇÝ. (èù) armored [΄a:məd] a ½ñ³Ñ³å³ï, ½ñ³Ñ³-
~ of a river ·»ïÇ μ³½áõÏ. ~ of an arm-chair íáñ. ~ car ½ñ³Ñ³å³ï Ù»ù»Ý³:
μ³½Ï³ÃáéÇ μ³½áõÏ. an ~ of the sea Íáí³- armour-bearer [‚a:mə΄beərə] n åïÙ. ½Ç-
Íáó. ~ of the tree ͳéÇ ×ÛáõÕ. ~s of a balance ݳÏÇñ£
ï»Ë. Ïß»éùÇ ÉͳÏ. the ~ of the law ÷Ëμ. armourer [΄a:mərə] n ½Çݳ·áñÍ£
ûñ»ÝùÇ áõÅÁ: armour-piercing [΄a:mə΄piəsiŋ] a ½ñ³-
arm II [a:m] n ½áñùÇ ï»ë³Ï. the air ~ é³½- ѳѳï, ½ñ³ÑÁ ͳÏáÕ:
Ù³û¹³ÛÇÝ áõÅ»ñ. ~s ½»Ýù. in ~s ½ÇÝí³Í. armoury [΄a:məri] n ½ÇݳÝáó, ½Çݳå³-
under ~s ½ÇÝí³Í. To ~s! Æ ½»°Ý. equality of Ñ»ëï. ³ñë»Ý³É. the A~ (Îñ»ÙÉáõÙ) ½Çݳ-
~s ÏáÕÙ»ñÇ Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. take up ~s ëñ³Ñ, ½Çݳå³É³ï:
½»Ýù í»ñóÝ»É. lay down ~s ½»ÝùÁ í³Ûñ ¹Ý»É, arm-pit [΄a:mpit] n ³ÝáõÃ, Ïéݳï³Ï. be in
³ÝÓݳïáõñ ÉÇÝ»É. ~s limitation ëå³é³½ÇÝ- debts up to the ~s (ÙÇÝ㨠ÏáÏáñ¹Á) å³ñï-
Ù³Ý ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáõÙ. small ~s Ññ³Ó·³- ù»ñÇ Ù»ç Ëñí³Í:
ÛÇÝ ½»Ýù, Ññ³½»Ý. ~s (coat of arms) ½Çݳ- arm-saw [΄a:msɔ:] n Ó»éùÇ ëÕáó:
Ýß³Ý:
army [΄a:mi] n μ³Ý³Ï. standing ~ Ùßï³Ï³Ý
arm [a:m] v ½ÇÝ(í)»É. ~ oneself ½ÇÝí»É. ~ed μ³Ý³Ï. be in the ~ μ³Ý³Ïáõ٠ͳé³Û»É. the
with information ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛ³Ùμ ½ÇÝ-
~ in the Field ·áñÍáÕ μ³Ý³Ï. go into/join the
í³Í, ëå³éÇã ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ:
~ ½ÇÝíáñ³Ï³Ý ͳé³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý ÙïÝ»É. ÷Ëμ.
armada [a:΄ma:də] n ݳí³ïáñÙ. the Invin- (Ù»Í ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ) ~ of tourists ½μáë³-
cible ~ ²ÝѳÕà ³ñÙ³¹³:
ßñçÇÏÝ»ñÇ Ù»Í μ³½ÙáõÃÛáõÝ. (μ³Ý³ÏÇ,
armament [΄a:məmənt] n ëå³é³½ÇÝáõ- μ³Ý³Ï³ÛÇÝ) ~ agent μ³Ý³ÏÇ Ù³ï³Ï³-
ÃÛáõÝ. the ~ race/drive ëå³é³½ÇÝáõÃÛ³Ý
ñ³ñ. ~ headquarters μ³Ý³ÏÇ ßï³μ. ~ corps
Ùñó³í³½ù. reduction of ~ ëå³é³½ÇÝáõ-
μ³Ý³ÏÇ Ïáñåáõë. an ~ doctor ½ÇÝíáñ³Ï³Ý
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ïñ׳ïáõÙ:
μÅÇßÏ£
armature [΄a:mət∫ə] n ½ñ³Ñ. ϻݹ., μëμ.
½ñ³Ñ. ï»Ë. ³ñÙ³ïáõñ³. ¿É. Ù³·ÝÇë³Ï³Ý
army-beef [΄a:mibi:f] n ÙëÇ å³Ñ³Íá (μ³-
ݳÏÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ)£
˳ñÇëË.
arm-chair [΄a:mt∫eə] n μ³½Ï³Ãáé£ aroma [ə΄rəumə] n ³Ýáõß³ÑáïáõÃÛáõÝ,
μáõñÙáõÝù ~ therapy μáõñáõÙݳμáõÅáõÙ,
armed [a:md] a ½ÇÝí³Í. ~ forces/services
½ÇÝáõÅ. ~ neutrality ½ÇÝí³Í 㻽áùáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ μáõÅáõÙ ³Ýáõß³ÑáïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÙÇçáóáí:
robbery ½ÇÝí³Í ÏáÕáåáõï ~ to the teeth aromatic [‚ærə΄mætik] a ³Ýáõß³Ñáï, ³Ýáõ-
ÙÇÝ㨠³ï³ÙÝ»ñÁ ½ÇÝí³Í: ß³μáõÛñ:
Armenian [a:΄mi:niən] n, a ѳÛ, ѳÛáõÑÇ. around [ə΄raund] 1. adv ßáõñçÁ. all ~ ³Ù»-
ѳۻñ»Ý/ѳÛáó É»½áõ. ѳÛϳϳÝ: Ýáõñ»ù. ~ here áã Ñ»éáõ. somewhere ~ Ùáï»ñ-
armful [΄a:mful] n ÙÇ ·ÇñÏ (Ëáï, ÷³Ûï ¨ ùáõÙ. be ~ Ùáï»ñùáõÙ ÉÇÝ»É. 2. prep ßáõñçÁ
³ÛÉÝ): trees ~ the house ͳé»ñ ï³Ý ßáõñçÁ. ~ the
arouse 63 arrow

corner ³ÝÏÛ³Ý »ï¨áõÙ. walk ~ the town ½μáë- áõݻݳÉ. Ñ»ï ÙݳÉ. be in ~ with one’s corres-
Ý»É ù³Õ³ùáõÙ. ~ a thousand Ùáï Ù»Ï Ñ³- pondence ãѳëóÝ»É Ý³Ù³ÏÝ»ñÇÝ å³ï³ë-
½³ñ. ~ seventy Ùáï ÛáóݳëáõÝ. turn ~ ˳ݻÉ:
ßñçí»É, ßñç³¹³ñÓ Ï³ï³ñ»É: arrest [ə΄rest] n Ó»ñμ³Ï³ÉáõÙ, ϳɳݳíá-
arouse [ə΄rauz] v ³ñÃݳóÝ»É. ÷Ëμ. áõÅ»ñ/ ñáõÙ, ϳɳÝù. be/place/put under ~ Ó»ñμ³-
ÁݹáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ³ñÃݳóÝ»É. (³é³ç ϳɻÉ. under ~ Ó»ñμ³Ï³Éí³Í. ~ to the room
μ»ñ»É, ³é³ç³óÝ»É) ~ interest/suspicion Ñ»- ïݳÛÇÝ Ï³É³Ýù. ~ in quarters ½áñ³Ýáó³ÛÇÝ
ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝ/ϳëÏ³Í ³é³ç³óÝ»É. ~ ϳɳÝù:
maternal instincts ³ñÃݳóÝ»É Ù³Ûñ³Ï³Ý arrest [ə΄rest] v Ó»ñμ³Ï³É»É, ϳɳݻÉ. ~ for
μݳ½¹Ý»ñÁ: murder Ó»ñμ³Ï³É»É ëå³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ.
arrange [ə΄reindз] v ϳñ·³íáñ»É, ¹³ë³- 쨻é»É (áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ) ~ the child ‘s atten-
ϳñ·»É. ~ one’s affairs ·áñÍ»ñÁ ϳñ·³íá- tion ·ñ³í»É »ñ»Ë³ÛÇ áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ.
ñ»É. ~ books ·ñù»ñÁ ¹³ë³íáñ»É. ~ quarrels (ϳݷݻóÝ»É) ~ the growth ³×Á ϳݷݻó-
í»×»ñÁ ѳñûÉ. ~ flowers ͳÕÏ»÷áõÝç Ý»É. (˳÷³Ý»É) ~ of judgement ¹³ï³í×éÇ
ϳ½Ù»É. (ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñå»É) ~ a concert/a party/a Ñ»ï³Ó·áõÙ:
meeting ѳٻñ·/»ñ»Ïá/ѳݹÇåáõ٠ϳ½Ù³- arrester [ə΄restə] n ï»Ë. ³ñ·»É³Ï. ¿É. å³ñ-
Ï»ñå»É. (å³Ûٳݳíáñí»É, ѳٳӳÛÝí»É). åÇã. lightning ~ ß³Ýóñ·»É:
it was ~d å³Ûٳݳíáñí»óÇÝù Everything is arresting [ə΄restiŋ] a ³ñ·»É³ÏáÕ. ·ñ³íÇã,
~d ²Ù»Ý ÇÝã ϳñ·ÇÝ/å³ïñ³ëï ¿ We ~d to ½³ñÙ³óÝáÕ. ~ device ³ñ·»É³ÏáÕ Ñ³ñÙ³-
meet at six o’clock ä³Ûٳݳíáñí»óÇÝù ñ³Ýù. ~ speech ·ñ³íÇã/Ññ³åáõñÇã »ÉáõÛÃ/
ѳݹÇå»É ųÙÇ í»óÇÝ. »ñÅß. (Ù߳ϻÉ, ׳é:
ѳñÙ³ñ»óÝ»É) ~ for two pianos/the violin arrival [ə΄raivl] n ųٳÝáõÙ, ·³Éáõëï. time
Ù߳ϻÉ/ѳñÙ³ñ»óÝ»É »ñÏáõ ¹³ßݳÙáõñÇ/ of ~ ųٳÝÙ³Ý Å³ÙÁ. waiting for the ~ of the
çáõóÏÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ: news ëå³ë»É ÉáõñÇ ·³ÉáõÝ. the new ~s Ýáñ
arrangement [ə΄reindзmənt] n ϳñ·³íá- ųٳݳÍÝ»ñÁ. on ~ ûf the train ·Ý³óùÇ
ñáõÙ, ¹³ë³íáñáõÙ, ѳٳϳñ·áõÙ. the ~ of ·³ÉáõÝ å»ë. the ~ ËëÏó. ÏïÏ. Ýáñ³ÍÇÝÁ.
the furniture ϳÑáõÛùÇ ¹³ë³íáñáõÙÁ/ϳñ·Ç (ѳëÝ»ÉÁ, ѳݷ»ÉÁ) ~ at a decision áñáßÙ³Ý
μ»ñ»ÉÁ. a flower ~ ͳÕÇÏÝ»ñÇ ÏáÙåá½Çódz. ·³ÉÁ/ѳݷ»ÉÁ/ÁݹáõÝáõÙÁ:
~ by subject ûٳïÇÏ ¹³ë³Ï³ñ·áõÙ/ arrive [ə΄raiv] v ·³É, ųٳݻÉ, ï»Õ
¹³ë³íáñáõÙ. (ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ, å³ÛÙ³- ѳëÝ»É. The delegation ~d yesterday ä³ïíÇ-
ݳ·Çñ) salary by ~ ³ß˳ï³í³ñÓ Áëï ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ »ñ»Ï ųٳݻó. íñ³ ѳëÝ»É
å³Ûٳݳ·ñÇ. make ~s å³Ûٳݳíáñí»É, (ųٳݳÏÇ/¹»åùÇ Ù³ëÇÝ). At last the day
ݳ˳å³ïñ³ëï»É. come to an ~ ѳٳӳÛ- ~d ì»ñç³å»ë »Ï³í ûñÁ. Summer has ~d
ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ·³É. make one’s own ~s ÇÝùÝÇ- ²Ù³éÁ »Ï³í. ~ at a decision/conclusion áñáß-
ñ»Ý/ÇÝù½ÇÝùÁ ϳñ·³íáñ»É ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã. ~ of Ù³Ý/»½ñ³Ï³óáõÃÛ³Ý ·³É/ѳݷ»É ~ at an
a claim μáÕáùÇ/ å³Ñ³ÝçÇ Ï³ñ·³íáñáõÙ. idea ÙïùÇ Ñ³Ý·»É/·³É ~ at a fortune ųé³Ý-
»ñÅß. (÷á˳¹ñáõÙ, Ùß³ÏáõÙ) an ~ for the ·áõÃÛáõÝ/ѳñëïáõÃÛáõÝ ëï³Ý³É, ѳçáÕáõ-
piano ÷á˳¹ñáõÙ/ѳñÙ³ñ»óáõÙ ¹³ßݳ- ÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ëÝ»É:
ÙáõñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ: arrogance [΄ærəgəns] n ·áéá½áõÃÛáõÝ,
array [ə΄rei] n é½Ù. Ù³ñï³Ï³Ý ϳñ· (ݳ¨ª ³Ùμ³ñï³í³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
battle ~). ½áñù. ½³Ý·í³Í. í»ñ³Ï³ñ·. arrogant [΄ærəgənt] a ·áéá½, ³Ùμ³ñ-
Çñ³í. »ñ¹íÛ³É ³ï»Ý³Ï³ÉÝ»ñÇ óáõó³Ï. ¿É. ï³í³Ý. ÇÝùݳѳí³Ý:
³Ýï»Ý³ÛÇ ×³Õ£ arrogate [΄ærəgeit] v ѳݹ·Ý³μ³ñ/³ÝÑÇÙÝ
arrearage [ə΄riəridз] n (Ñ)»ï³ÙݳóáõÃÛáõÝ. Ï»ñåáí å³Ñ³Ýç»É. Ù»ÏÇÝ áñ¨¿ μ³Ý
Ùݳóáñ¹. ~s å³ñïù, ³å³éù: ³ÝÑÇÙÝ í»ñ³·ñ»É:
arrears [ə΄riəz] n å³ñïù, ãí׳ñí³Í ѳ- arrogation [‚ærə΄gei∫n] n ëݳå³ñÍáõÃÛáõÝ,
ßÇíÝ»ñ collect ~ of rent μݳÏí³ñÓÇ å³ñï- ٻͳÙïáõÃÛáõÝ:
ùÁ (μéݳ)·³ÝÓ»É. (Ñ»ï ÙݳÉÁ) ~ of work arrow [΄ærəu] n Ý»ï. ëɳù (·Í³·ñ»ñÇ íñ³
³Ý³í³ñï ³ß˳ï³Ýù be in ~ å³ñïù ¨ ³ÛÉÝ). an ~ left in one’s quiver å³Ñ»ëïÇ/
arrow-head 64 artistry

ãû·ï³·áñÍí³Í Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ: (Ï»ï, μ³ÅÇÝ, å³ñ³·ñ³ý) ~s of the


arrow-head [΄ærəuhed] n Ý»ïÇ ëáõñ ͳÛñ. agreement å³Ûٳݳ·ñÇ Ï»ï»ñÁ. be under ~s
é½Ù. ë»å³Ó¨ ß³ñù: å³Ûٳݳ·ñáí/ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ ϳå-
arrowy [΄ærəui] a ë»å³ÝÙ³Ý/ëñ³Í³Ûñ. í³Í ÉÇÝ»É. in the ~ of death Ù³Ñí³Ý ñáå»ÇÝ.
÷Ëμ. ÏÍáõ, ˳ÛÃÇã: ù»ñ. Ñá¹. definite/indefinite ~ áñáßÇã/³Ýáñáß
arsenal [΄a:snəl] n ½ÇݳÝáó, ³ñë»Ý³É: Ñá¹:
arsenic [΄a:snik] n ÙÏݹ»Õ: articular [a:΄tikjulə] a ϽÙË. Ñá¹Ç, Ñá-
arsenical [a:΄snikl] a ÙÏݹ»Õ³ÛÇÝ: ¹³ÛÇÝ:
arson [΄a:sn] n Çñ³í. (ÙÇïáõÙݳíáñ) Ññ¹»- articulate [a:΄tikjulət] a Ñá¹³μ³ßË, å³ñ½.
ÑáõÙ/ÑñÏǽáõÙ: ~ speech Ñá¹³μ³ßË Ëáëù. be not very ~
art [a:t] n ³ñí»ëï, ³ñÑ»ëï. fine ~s ·»Õ³ñ- ß³ï Ñëï³Ï ãËáë»É.
í»ëï. applied ~ ÏÇñ³é³Ï³Ý ³ñí»ëï. folk articulate [a:΄tikjuleit] v å³ñ½/áñáß³ÏÇ
~ ÅáÕáíñ¹³Ï³Ý ³ñí»ëï. a work of ~ ·»- ³ñï³ë³Ý»É ~ badly Ñëï³Ï ã³ñï³ë³Ý»É.
Õ³ñí»ëï³Ï³Ý ëï»Õͳ·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ~s (ÙdzóÝ»É, ϳå»É) an ~d lorry Ïó³ë³ÛÉáí
and crafts ·»Õ³ñí»ëï³Ï³Ý ³ñÑ»ëïÝ»ñ. μ»éݳï³ñ:
the ~s ÑáõÙ³ÝÇï³ñ ·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. black ~ articulation [a:‚tikju΄lei∫n] n Ñá¹³μ³ßË
ë¨ Ùá·áõÃÛáõÝ/ϳ˳ñ¹³Ýù. visual ~s ¹»Ïá- ³ñï³ë³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. É»½í. ³ñï³ë³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ,
ñ³ïÇí ¨ åɳëïÇÏ/ï³ñ³Í³Ï³Ý ³ñ- ³ñï³μ»ñáõÙ. poor ~ í³ï ³ñï³ë³-
í»ëïÝ»ñ. manly ~ μéÝóù³Ù³ñï. be/have ~ ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ï»Ë. Ñá¹³íáñáõÙ:
and part in áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ Ù³ëݳÏÇó ÉÝ»É. A~ is artifact [΄a:tifækt] n Ù³ñ¹áõ Ó»éùÇ ·áñÍ.
long, life is short ²ñí»ëïÁ ѳíÇïÛ³Ý ¿, ÑÝ·. ÑÇÝ Ùß³ÏáõÛÃÇ Ùݳóáñ¹Ý»ñ:
ÏÛ³ÝùÁ` ϳñ×. ~ critic ³ñí»ëï³·»ï. ~ artifice [΄a:tifis] n ׳ñåÏáõÃÛáõÝ, í³ñå»-
gallery å³ïÏ»ñ³ëñ³Ñ, ·»Õ³ñí»ëïÇ ïáõÃÛáõÝ, Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ. harmless/wick
ëñ³Ñ. ~ school ·»Õ³ñí»ëïÇ áõëáõÙݳñ³Ý: ~d ³Ýíݳë/ã³ñ Ñݳñù. employ/practice ~
arterial [a:΄tiəriəl] a μÅßÏ. ½³ñÏ»ñ³Ï³ÛÇÝ. Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏáõÃÛ³Ý ¹ÇÙ»É:
~ blood/pressure ½³ñÏ»ñ³Ï³ÛÇÝ ³ñÛáõÝ/ artificer [a:΄tifisə] n ³ñÑ»ëï³íáñ. ï»Ë-
×ÝßáõÙ. (ÑÇÙݳϳÝ, ·É˳íáñ) ~ roads ÝÇÏ:
·É˳íáñ ׳ݳå³ñÑÝ»ñ. ~ railway ·É˳- artificial [‚a:ti΄fi∫əl] a ³ñÑ»ëï³Ï³Ý, ³Ý-
íáñ »ñϳÃáõÕÇ: μݳϳÝ. ~ flowers/silk/teeth/light/respiration
arteriosclerosis [a:΄tiəriəuskliə΄rəusis] n ³ñÑ»ëï³Ï³Ý ͳÕÇÏÝ»ñ/Ù»ï³ùë/³ï³Ù-
μÅßÏ. ½³ñÏ»ñ³ÏÝ»ñÇ Ï³ñÍñ³óáõÙ£ Ý»ñ/ÉáõÛë/ßÝã³éáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ limb åñáû½. ~
arter/y [΄a:təri] n μÅßÏ. ½³ñÏ»ñ³Ï, ³ñï»- smile ³ÝμÝ³Ï³Ý ÅåÇï. ~ manner ³Ýμݳ-
ñdz. ~ ies of traffic »ñè»ÏáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕÇÝ»ñ Ï³Ý å³Ñí³Íù. ~ numbers Ù³Ã. Éá·³ñÇÃÙ£
~ ies of commerce ³é¨ïñÇ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý artillerist [a:΄tilərist] n Ññ»ï³Ý³íáñ:
áõÕÇÝ»ñ: artillery [a:΄tiləri] n, a Ññ»ï³ÝÇ. Ññ»ï³-
artful [΄a:tfl] a Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏ, ׳ñåÇÏ: Ýáõ, Ññ»ï³Ý³ÛÇÝ:
artful [΄a:tfl] n Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ׳ñå- artilleryman [a:΄tilərimən] n Ññ»ï³-
ÏáõÃÛáõÝ: ݳíáñ:
arthritis [΄a:θraitis] n μÅßÏ. Ñá¹³ó³í, artisan [‚a:ti΄zæn] n ³ñÑ»ëï³íáñ:
³ñÃñÇï: artist [΄a:tist] n ÝϳñÇã. ¹»ñ³ë³Ý/¹»-
artichoke [΄a:tit∫əuk] n ϳÝϳñ, ñ³ë³ÝáõÑÇ. Çñ ·áñÍÇ í³ñå»ï:
³ñïÇ×áõÏ. ³ñïÇßáÏ. Jerusalim ~ ·»ïݳ- artiste [a:΄ti:st] n ¿ëïñ³¹³ÛÇÝ ¹»ñ³ë³Ý.
ËÝÓáñ: åñáý»ëÇáÝ³É »ñ·Çã/å³ñáÕ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ:
article [΄a:tikl] n Ñá¹í³Í. leading ~ (ûñÃÇ) artistic (al) [a:΄tistik (l) ] a ³ñïÇëï³Ï³Ý,
³é³çÝáñ¹áÕ. (³é³ñϳ, Çñ) an ~ of clothing ·»Õ³ñí»ëï³Ï³Ý. ɳí ׳߳ÏÇ ï»ñ. ~
ѳ·áõëïÇ ³é³ñϳ. household ~s ïݳÛÇÝ rights Ñ»ÕÇݳϳÛÇÝ Çñ³íáõÝù:
Çñ»ñ. toilet ~s ÉáÕ³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ å³ñ³·³Ý»ñ. artistry [΄a:tistri] n ³ñïÇëï³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ,
an ~ of food ëÝݹ³Ùûñù. ~s of daily necessity μ³ñÓñ³Ï³ñ· ϳï³ñáõÙ. ÝϳñãÇ Ù³ëݳ-
³é³çÇÝ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõÃÛ³Ý ³é³ñϳݻñ. ·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ:
artless 65 ash-bin

artless [΄a:tləs] a μݳϳÝ, å³ñ½³ÙÇï. ~ asbestos [æs΄bestəs] n ÑÝù. ³½μ»ëï:


grace μÝ³Ï³Ý Ýñμ³·»ÕáõÃÛáõÝ. as ~ as a ascend [ə΄send] v μ³ñÓñ³Ý³É, »ÉÝ»É. ~ a
child »ñ»Ë³ÛÇ ÝÙ³Ý å³ñ½³ÙÇï. ~ artist mountain ë³ñÁ μ³ñÓñ³Ý³É The path ~s here
³Ýí³ñÅ ÝϳñÇã: ²ñ³Ñ»ïÝ ³Ûëï»ÕÇó ¿ ëÏëíáõÙ. ~ the throne
arty [΄a:ti] a ËëÏó. ·»Õ³í»ëïÇ/Ýáõñμ ׳- ·³Ñ μ³ñÓñ³Ý³É:
ß³ÏÇ Ñ³í³ÏÝáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»óáÕ. ËÇëï ï³- ascendancy [ə΄sendənsi] n Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝ,
ñûñÇݳÏ/Ùá¹»éÝ/¿ùëïñ³í³·³Ýï ~ clothes ·»ñÇßËáÕ ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ:
ËÇëï ï³ñûñÇÝ³Ï Ñ³·áõëï£ ascendant [ə΄sendənt] n Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝ.
Aryan [΄eəriən] n, a ³ñdzóÇ. ³ñdzϳÝ: μ³Ëï³óáõÛó. in the ~ ѳçáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç.
as [æz, əz] adv, cnj, prep ÇÝãå»ë. Do ~ you like His star is in the ~ Üñ³Ý ѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ ¿
²ñ»ù ÇÝãå»ë Ïáõ½»ù. (ѳٻٳïáõÃÛáõÝ) ëå³ëáõÙ:
~... ~, not so ~ ³ÛÝå»ë ÇÝãå»ë, ÝáõÛÝå»ë ascendency [ə΄sendənsi] n ï»°ë ascen-
ÝáõÛÝù³Ý. áã ³ÛÝå»ë ÇÝãå»ë. He is ~ tall ~ dancy:
you ܳ Ó»½ ÝÙ³Ý μ³ñÓñ³Ñ³ë³Ï ¿. ~ old ~ ascendent [ə΄sendənt] n ï»°ë ascendant:
the hills ÑÇÝ ÇÝãå»ë ³ß˳ñÑÁ, ³ß˳ñÑÇ ascension [ə΄sen∫n] n í»ñ»Éù, μ³ñÓñ³óáõÙ.
ã³÷ ÑÇÝ. I’m not so stupid ~ to believe it ºë ~ to power Çß˳ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ·³ÉÁ. the A~ ÏñáÝ.
³ÛÝù³Ý ÑÇÙ³ñ ã»Ù, áñ ѳí³ï³Ù ¹ñ³Ý. ~ гÙμ³ñÓáõÙ. ~ day гÙμ³ñÓÙ³Ý ïáÝ:
quickly ~ possible áñù³Ý Ñݳñ³íáñ ¿ ³ñ³·. ascent [ə΄sent] n μ³ñÓñ³óáõÙ, í»ñ»Éù, ³é³-
~ white ~ snow ÓÛ³Ý å»ë ëåÇï³Ï. ~ well ~, ç³¹ÇÙáõÙ. a step ~ ½³éÇó÷£
~ well ݳ¨, ÝáõÛÝå»ë. He will come ~ well ascentional [ə΄sen∫nl] a ͳ·áÕ. μ³ñÓ-
ܳ ÝáõÛÝå»ë Ï·³. work ~ a teacher áñå»ë ñ³óáÕ£
áõëáõóÇã ³ß˳ï»É. go ~ a tourist áñå»ë ascertain [‚æsə΄tein] v ѳëï³ï»É. μ³ó³-
ïáõñÇëï ·Ý³É. (ãݳ۳Í, áñù³Ý ¿É) clever ~ ѳÛï»É, å³ñ½»É. ~ the facts ÷³ëï»ñÁ ѳë-
he is áñù³Ý ¿É ݳ Ë»Éáù ¿. much ~ he loves ï³ï»É. ~ the cause å³ï׳éÁ å³ñ½»É. ~
his sister áñù³Ý ¿É ݳ Çñ ùñáçÁ ëÇñÇ (áñÁ, the situation íÇ׳ÏÁ å³ñ½»É:
ÇÝã-áñ) I had the same book ~ he had ºë ÝáõÛÝ ascetic [ə΄setik] n ³Ý³å³ï³Ï³Ý, ׷ݳ-
·ÇñùÝ áõÝ»Ç, ÇÝã áñ ݳ. ~ for/to/regards ÇÝã íáñ, ³ëÏ»ï:
í»ñ³μ»ñáõÙ ¿. ~ far ~ that’s concerned ÇÝã í»- asceticism [ə΄setisizm] n ׷ݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ,
ñ³μ»ñáõÙ ¿ ¹ñ³Ý. so ~ áñå»ë½Ç. so ~ to suit ³ëÏ»ïǽÙ:
everyone áñå»ë½Ç μáÉáñÇÝ Ñ³ñÙ³ñ ÉÇÝÇ. so ascribe [ə΄skraib] v í»ñ³·ñ»É (áñ³Ï, ѳï-
~ not áñå»ë½Ç ã... keep quiet so ~ not to Éé»ù ÏáõÃÛáõÝ). The story ~d to ... ²Ûë
áñå»ë½Ç ã... ~, just ~ »ñμ, ųٳݳÏ. ~ a å³ïÙí³ÍùÁ í»ñ³·ñáõÙ »Ý... The death was
child »ñ»Ë³ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï just ~ he reached ~d to poison سÑí³Ý å³ï׳éÁ ѳٳñí»ó
»ñμ/Ñ»Ýó áñ/ݳ Ùáï»ó³í. ~ he lives ù³ÝÇ ÃáõݳíáñáõÙÁ:
¹»é ݳ ³åñáõÙ ¿. ~ soon ~ Ñ»Ýó áñ. ~ good ascription [ə΄skrip∫n] n í»ñ³·ñáõÙ:
~ ÙǨÝáõÛÝÝ ¿ û, ÷³ëïáñ»Ý. The box is ~ aseptic [ei΄septik] n, a ѳϳݻËÇã ÙÇçáó,
good ~ empty îáõ÷Á ѳٳñÛ³ ¹³ï³ñÏ ¿. Ù³Ýñ¿³½»ñÍ, ëï»ñÇÉ:
The work is ~ good ~ done ²ß˳ï³ÝùÁ ash I [æ∫] n ѳó»ÝÇ. mountain ~ ³ñáë»ÝÇ:
÷³ëïáñ»Ý ³í³ñïí³Í ¿. be ~ good ~ one’s ash II [æ∫] n ÙáËÇñ. ~es ³×ÛáõÝ. burn/reduce to
word ÇÝãå»ë ³ë»É, ³ÛÝå»ë ¿É ³Ý»É. ~ ~es ÙáËÇñ ¹³ñÓÝ»É. lay in ~es ÙáËÇñ ¹³é-
if/though ϳñÍ»ë û. I am far too busy ~ it is ݳÉ/ÉÇÝ»É. Peace to his ~es гݷëïáõÃÛáõÝ
ºë μ³í³Ï³Ý ½μ³Õí³Í »Ù. (ÇÝãå»ë Ýñ³ ³×ÛáõÝÇÝ. turn to dust and ~es ÷áßdzó-
ûñÇݳÏ) some people ~ Tom and Peter áñáß Ý»É (ݳ¨ª ÷Ëμ. ÑáõÛë»ñÁ, »ñ³½Ý»ñÁ) A~
Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ, ÇÝãå»ë ûñÇÝ³Ï ÂáÙÁ ¨ öÇûñÁ. Wednesday Ø»Í å³ÑùÇ ³é³çÇÝ ãáñ»ùß³μ-
~ far ~ áñù³Ý/áí. ~ far ~ I know áñù³Ý »ë ÃÇÝ:
·Çï»Ù. ~ far back ¹»é¨ë. ~ far back ~ in1994 ashamed [ə΄∫eimd] a, predic ³Ùáóѳñ.
¹»é¨ë 1994 ÃíÇÝ. ~ yet ÙÇÝ㨠ÑÇÙ³, ¹»é¨ë. be/feel ~ of smth ³Ù³ã»É ÙÇ μ³ÝÇó. feel ~ for
There have been no letters ~ yet ØÇÝ㨠ÑÇÙ³ smn ³Ù³ã»É Ù»ÏÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ/å³ï׳éáí:
ݳٳÏÝ»ñ ãϳÝ. ½ÇÝí. A~ you were! ÂáÕ- ash-bin [΄æ∫bin] n ³Õμ³ñÏÕ. ³Ù. ÙáËñ-
Ý»°É: ³ñÏÕ. ³×Ûáõݳë³÷áñ:
ash-box 66 assault

ash-box [΄æ∫bɒks] n ÙáËñ³ñÏÕ: ~ of the question ѳñóÇ μáÉáñ ÏáÕÙ»ñÁ. The


ash-can [΄æ∫kæn] n ³Ù. ÙáËñ³Ù³Ý: house has a southern ~ Þ»ÝùÁ ¹»åÇ Ñ³ñ³í ¿
ashen [΄æ∫n] a ÙáËñÇ, ÙáËñÇó. ÙáËñ³·áõÛÝ. ݳÛáõÙ. structural ~ ϳéáõóí³Íù³ÛÇÝ μÝáõ-
His face turned ~ at the news ²Û¹ ÉáõñÇó ݳ ó·Çñ. ù»ñ. Ï»ñå:
ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ ·áõݳïí»ó: asperit/y [æ΄sperəti] n ÏáåïáõÃÛáõÝ,
ashore [ə΄∫ɔ:] adv ³÷ÇÝ, ³÷. go ~ ³÷ ¹áõñë ËëïáõÃÛáõÝ. speak with ~ ËÇëï Ëáë»É. ~ ies
·³É run/be driven ~ ͳÝͳÕáõïÇ Ù»ç Ëñí»É. of cold winter óáõñï ÓÙ»éí³ ËëïáõÃÛáõÝ-
They are still ~ Üñ³Ýù ¹»é ³÷ÇÝ »Ý: Ý»ñÁ:
ash-pan [΄æ∫pæn] ÙáËñ³ñÏÕ: asperse [ə΄spə:s] v ˳Ûï³é³Ï»É, ½ñå³ñ-
ash-pit [΄æ∫pit] ÙáËñ³ïáõ÷: ï»É. ~ smb’s good name/reputation/honour
ash-pot [΄æ∫pɔt] n ÙáËñ³ÝáÃ: ˳Ûï³é³Ï»É Ù³ñ¹áõ μ³ñÇ ³ÝáõÝÁ/ѳÙ-
ash-tray [΄æ∫trei] n ÙáËñ³Ù³Ý, ÙáËñÇ μ³íÁ/å³ïÇíÁ:
ëÏáõï»Õ: aspersion [ə΄spə:∫n] n ½ñå³ñïáõÃÛáõÝ. cast
ashy [΄æ∫i] a ÙáËñÇ, ÙáËñáï. ÙáËñ³·áõÛÝ: ~ s on smb ½ñå³ñï»É Ù»ÏÇÝ:
Asian [΄ei∫n] n ³ëdzóÇ: asphalt [΄æsfælt] n, ³ëý³Éï. ³ëý³Éï³-
Asiatic [‚ei∫i΄ætik] a ³ëdzϳÝ: å³ï»É:
aside [ə΄said] adv ÙÇ ÏáÕÙ/ÏáÕÙáõÙ, ³é³ÝÓ- asphyxiant [æs΄fiksiənt] n, a ˻չáÕ/Ãáõ-
ݳó³Í. turn ~ ÙÇ ÏáÕÙ ßñçí»É. put ~ ÙÇ ÏáÕ٠ݳíáñ ÝÛáõÃ. ~ gas Ãáõݳíáñ ·³½:
¹Ý»É. set ~ ã»ÕÛ³É Ñ³Ù³ñ»É, í»ñ³óÝ»É. set asphyxiate [æs΄fiksieit] v ßÝã³Ñ»ÕÓáõÃÛáõÝ
~ a verdict ¹³ï³í×ÇéÁ ã»ÕÛ³É Ñ³Ù³ñ»É. ~ ³é³ç³óÝ»É. be ~d ßÝã³Ñ»ÕÓ ÉÇÝ»É (·³½ ¨
from μ³óÇ, μ³ó³éáõÃÛ³Ùμ. take smb ~ ÙÇ ³ÛÉÝ):
ÏáÕÙ ï³Ý»É (Ù»ÏÇÝ). stand ~ ÙÇ ÏáÕÙ aspic [΄æspik] ¹áݹáÕ (áõï»ÉÇù) fish in ~
ϳݷݻÉ: ¹áݹáճͳÍÏ ÓáõÏ:
ask [a:sk] v ѳñóÝ»É. ~ a question ѳñó ï³É. aspirant [΄æspərənt] n, a ѳí³ÏÝáñ¹, ûÏ-
~ after/about ï»Õ»Ï³Ý³É. ~ for Ëݹñ»É. ~ for ݳÍáõ. Ó·ïáÕ, Ñ»ï³ÙïáÕ:
a help û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ Ëݹñ»É. He ~ed us to excuse aspirate [΄æspərət] 1. n ßÝã»Õ μ³Õ³Ó³ÛÝ.
him ܳ Ù»½ÝÇó Ý»ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ Ëݹñ»ó. 2. v [΄æspəreit] ßÝã»Õ ³ñï³ë³Ý»É:
(Ññ³íÇñ»É) ~ smn in Ý»ñë Ññ³íÇñ»É. ~ smn aspiration [‚æspə΄rei∫n ] n Ó·ïáõÙ, ó³ÝÏáõ-
to dinner ׳ßÇ Ññ³íÇñ»É. ~ for trouble ïѳ- ÃÛáõÝ. ÝÏñïáõÙ. his ~ to be an actor Ýñ³ ¹»-
×áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ³éÇà ÷Ýïñ»É: ñ³ë³Ý ¹³éݳÉáõ Ó·ïáõÙÁ. É»½í. ÑÝã»Õáõ-
askance [ə΄skæns] adv Ë»Ã(áñ»Ý), ß»Õ- ÃÛáõÝ:
(áñ»Ý). look/glance ~ at ϳëϳͳÝùáí/˻à aspire [ə΄spaiə] v Ó·ï»É, ï»Ýã³É. ~ to fame
ݳۻÉ: ÷³éùÇ Ó·ï»É:
askew [ə΄skju:] a, predic, adv Íáõé, ûù. Ë»Ã, aspiring [΄æspaiəriŋ] a ѳçáÕáõÃÛ³Ý
ß»Õ. hang a picture ~ ÝϳñÁ ûù ϳ˻É. He Ó·ïáÕ. ÷³é³ë»ñ:
looked at them ~ ܳ Ýñ³Ýó ˻à ݳۻó. wear asquint [ə΄skwint] a, predic, adv ûù, ß»Õ:
one’s hat ~ ·É˳ñÏÁ ûù ¹Ý»É: ass [æs] n ¿ß make an ~ of himself Çñ»Ý ÑÇÙ³ñ
aslant [ə΄sla:nt] 1. adv Íáõé, ûù. 2. prep ɳÛ- ¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ¹Ý»É, ÑÇÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É:
ÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ: assail [ə΄seil] v ѳñÓ³Ïí»É. ~ smb with ques-
asleep [ə΄sli:p] a, predic, adv ùݳÍ, ùÝÇ Ù»ç. tions ѳñó»ñ ï»Õ³É. be ~ed with doubts
be fast ~ åÇݹ ùÝ³Í ÉÇÝ»É. fall ~ ùÝ»É. be half ϳëϳÍÝ»ñ å³ï»É:
~ ѳٳñÛ³ ùÝ³Í ÉÇÝ»É: assailable [ə΄seiləbl] a Ëáó»ÉÇ:
aslope [ə΄sləup] adv ûù, ß»Õ: assailant [ə΄seilənt] n ѳñÓ³ÏíáÕ ÏáÕÙ:
a-smoke [ə΄sməuk] adv ÍËÇ Ù»ç: assassin [ə΄sæsin] n (í³ñÓáõ) Ù³ñ¹³ëå³Ý:
asp I [æsp] n μëμ. ϳճٳËÇ: assassinate [ə΄sæsineit] v ëå³Ý»É, ³Ñ³μ»Ï-
asp II [æsp] n ϻݹ. ÇÅ. μÝëï. Ãáõݳíáñ ûÓ: ã³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³ï³ñ»É:
asparagus [ə΄spærəgəs] n μëμ. ÍÝ»μ»Ï: assassination [ə‚sæsi΄nei∫n] n ëå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ,
aspect [΄æspekt] n ï»ëù, Ï»ñå³ñ³Ýù. a man ³Ñ³μ»ÏãáõÃÛáõÝ:
of fierce/serious ~ ¹³Å³Ý/Éáõñç ï»ëùáí assault [ə΄sɔ:lt] n ѳñÓ³ÏáõÙ, ·ñáÑáõÙ. íÇ-
Ù³ñ¹. (ÏáÕÙ, ѳۻó³Ï»ï, ï»ë³Ï»ï) every ñ³íáñ³Ýù. ~ on smb ѳñÓ³ÏáõÙ áñ¨¿ Ù»ÏÇ
assaulter 67 assimilate

íñ³. ~ at arms é³½Ù³Ï³Ý Ù³ñ½³ÝùÝ»ñ. assessable [ə΄sesəbl] a ѳñÏÙ³Ý »Ýóϳ:


take by ~ ·ñáÑáí ·ñ³í»É. ~ party/team assessment [ə΄sesmənt] n ѳñÏáõÙ, ѳñÏ
·ñáѳÛÇÝ ËÙμ»ñ. ~ gun ·ñáѳÛÇÝ ½»Ýù. ¹Ý»ÉÁ. ·Ý³Ñ³ïáõÙ. ~ for taxation ·Ý³-
indicent ~ μéݳμ³ñáõÙ: ѳïáõÙª ѳñÏÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ£
assaulter [ə΄sɔ:ltə] n Çñ³í. Ù»Õ³¹ñ³Ýù assessor [ə΄sesə] n Çñ³í. ËáñÑñ¹³ïáõ.
ѳñáõóáÕ ÏáÕÙÁ. ѳñϳÛÇÝ ï»ëáõã. social ~ ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý
assemblage [ə΄semblidз] n ѳí³ùáõÛÃ. ѳ- ³ï»Ý³Ï³É:
í³ùáõÙ, Ïáõï³ÏáõÙ. ѳí³ù³Íáõ. ~ of parts asset [΄æset] n ýÇÝ. ³ÏïÇí ¹ñ³Ù³·ÉáõË
of machine Ù»ù»Ý³ÛÇ Ù³ë»ñÇ Ñ³í³ùáõÙ/ (ϳåÇï³É) ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ ~s and liabilities
ÙáÝï³Å: ³ÏïÇíÝ»ñ ¨ å³ëëÇíÝ»ñ. ~ card, debit card
assemble [ə΄sembl] v ѳí³ù(í)»É. ·áõÙ³ñ»É ¹»μÇï³ÛÇÝ/å³ñïùÇ ù³ñï. ~ manager ~s
(ÅáÕáí). The pupils ~ed in the hall ²ß³Ï»ñï- Çñ³í. ëݳÝÏ å³ñï³å³ÝÇ ·áõÛùÁ. (¹ñ³-
Ý»ñÁ ѳí³ùí»óÇÝ ¹³ÑÉÇ×áõÙ. ~ parts of a Ï³Ý Ñ³ïÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ñųÝÇù) Good health is
watch/car ųٳóáõÛóÇ/Ù»ù»Ý³ÛÇ Ù³ë»ñÁ a great ~ È³í ³éáÕçáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ù»Í μ³Ý ¿:
ѳí³ù»É/ÙáÝï³Å»É: asseverate [ə΄sevəreit] v ѳݹÇë³íáñ
assembly [ə΄sembli] n ÅáÕáí, ѳí³ù. Ï»ñåáí ѳÛï³ñ³ñ»É:
³ë³ÙμÉ»³. constituent ~ ë³Ñٳݳ¹ñ³Ï³Ý asseveration [ə‚sevə΄rei∫n] n ѳݹÇë³íáñ
ÅáÕáí. General A~ of the UN زÎ-Ç ·É˳- ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
íáñ ³ë³ÙμÉ»³Ý. ~ line ѳí³ùÙ³Ý Ñ³ñ³- assiduity [‚æsi΄djuəti] n ³ß˳ï³ëÇñáõ-
Ñáë/ Ñáëù³·ÇÍ. unsanctioned ~ ãÃáõÛɳ- ÃÛáõÝ, ç³Ýù:
ïñí³Í ѳí³ù: assiduous [ə΄sidjuəs] a ç³Ý³ë»ñ, ³ÝËáÝç:
assembly-room [ə΄sembliru:m] n ѳٻñ·- assign [ə΄sain] v Ý߳ݳϻÉ. ѳÝÓݳñ³ñ»É.
Ý»ñÇ/ÅáÕáíÝ»ñÇ ¹³ÑÉÇ×. ï»Ë. ѳí³ùÙ³Ý The teacher ~ed homework ¸³ë³ïáõÝ ïݳ-
³ñï³¹ñ³Ù³ë: ÛÇÝ ³ß˳ï³Ýù ѳÝÓݳñ³ñ»ó. (ѳïϳó-
assent [ə΄sent] n ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ½ÇçáõÙ. Ý»É) This flat has been ~ed to me ´Ý³Ï³ñ³ÝÁ
nod ~ ·ÉËáí ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ýß³Ý ³Ý»É. ÇÝÓ¿ ѳïϳóí»É. (í»ñ³·ñ»É) The story is
common ~ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ed to Pushkin ²Ûë å³ïÙí³ÍùÁ í»ñ³·ñáõÙ
one ~ ÙdzӳÛÝ: »Ý äáõßÏÇÝÇÝ:
assent [ə΄sent] v ѳٳӳÛÝí»É. ~ to a pro- assignation [‚æsig΄nei∫n] n Ý߳ݳÏáõÙ.
posal ³é³ç³ñÏÝ ÁݹáõÝ»É: Çñ³í. ÷á˳ÝóáõÙ/·áõÛùÇ, Çñ³íáõÝùÇ.
assert [ə΄sə:t] v ѳëï³ï»É, å³ßïå³Ý»É. (ųٳ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ):
ѳÛï³ñ³ñ»É. ~ oneself Çñ Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÁ assignee [‚æsai΄ni:] n Édz½áñí³Í ³ÝÓ,
å³ßïå³Ý»É. ~ one’s rights Çñ Çñ³íáõÝù- Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇã. ûñÇÝ³Ï³Ý Å³é³Ý·:
Ý»ñÁ ѳëï³ï»É/å³ßïå³Ý»É. He likes assignment [ə΄sainmənt] n Ý߳ݳÏáõÙ. ~ to
~ing himself ܳ ëÇñnõÙ ¿ Çñ»Ý óáõó³¹ñ»É: a position å³ßïáÝÇ Ý߳ݳÏáõÙ. ~ of sums
assertion [ə΄sə:∫n] n ѳëï³ïáõÙ. ѳÛï³- ·áõÙ³ñÇ Ñ³ïϳóáõÙ. Çñ³í. ÷á˳ÝóáõÙ
ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. self-~ ÇÝùݳѳëï³ïáõÙ. a (Çñ³íáõÝùÇ, ·áõÛùÇ). ~ of a contract ÏáÝï-
mere ~ ³ÝÑÇÙÝ Ñ³Ûï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. make an ñ³ÏïÇ/å³Ûٳݳ·ñÇ ÷á˳ÝóáõÙ. ~ of a
~ å³Ñ³Ýç»É: copyright Ñ»ÕÇݳϳÛÇÝ Çñ³íáõÝùÇ ÷á-
assertive [ə΄sə:tiv] a ѳëï³ï³Ï³Ù. in an ~ ˳ÝóáõÙ. ~ clause ÷á˳ÝóÙ³Ý ÷³ë-
form ѳëï³ï³Ï³Ùáñ»Ý, åݹ»Éáí. in an ~ ï³ÃáõÕÃ:
tone ѳëï³ï³Ï³Ùáñ»Ý, ѳٳéáñ»Ý. He assimilate [ə΄siməleit] v Ûáõñ³óÝ»É, Ûáõñ³ó-
is very ~ â³÷Çó ³í»ÉÇ Ñ³Ù³é ¿: í»É. ÝٳݻóÝ»É. Fish is easily ~d ÒáõÏÁ Ñ»ßï
assess [ə΄səs] v ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É, ·áõÙ³ñÁ áñáᯐ ¿ Ûáõñ³óíáõÙ. (ÓáõÉ/í/»É) America has ~d
(ѳñÏÇ, ïáõ·³ÝùÇ) Damages were ~ed ìݳ- people from many countries ²Ù»ñÇϳÛáõÙ
ëÁ ·Ý³Ñ³ïí»ó. ~ the value of a property ë»- ï³ñμ»ñ »ñÏñÝ»ñÇ Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ Ùdzó»É/ÓáõÉí»É
÷³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñÅ»ùÁ. áñáᯐ (³ñÅ»ù³- »Ý. ~ new ideas Ýáñ Ùïù»ñ Ûáõñ³óÝ»É/Áݹáõ-
íáñ»É) ~ taxes áñáß»É Ñ³ñÏÇ ·áõÙ³ñÁ. ÷Ëμ. Ý»É. (ѳñÙ³ñí»É) ~ to new conditions Ýáñ
~ smb’s character/a situation ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É áñ¨¿ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³ñÙ³ñí»É:
Ù»ÏÇ μݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ/Çñ³íÇ׳ÏÁ:
assimilation 68 assure

assimilation [ə‚simə΄lei∫n] n ÝٳݻóáõÙ. μ»ñ ·áõÛÝ»ñÇ Ñ³·áõëï ѳ·³Í:


É»½í. ³éÝÙ³ÝáõÙ, ³ëÇÙÇÉÛ³ódz. ~ of assortment [ə΄sɔ:tmənt] n ï»ë³Ï³íáñáõÙ,
sounds ÑÝãÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ³éÝÙ³ÝáõÙ: ¹³ë³íáñáõÙ Áëï ï»ë³ÏÝ»ñÇ. ³åñ³Ýù-
assist [ə΄sist] v û·Ý»É, ³ç³Ïó»É. ~ with form- Ý»ñÇ ï»ë³Ï³ÝÇ. wide ~ of goods ³åñ³Ýù-
filling û·Ý»É ѳñó³ù³ñïÁ Éñ³óÝ»É. ~ with Ý»ñÇ É³ÛÝ ï»ë³Ï³ÝÇ:
money ÷áÕáí û·Ý»É. ~ in one’s work ³ß˳- assuage [ə΄sweidз] v ѳݷëï³óÝ»É, û-
ï³ÝùáõÙ û·Ý»É. ~ in smth áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ Ù³ë- è³óÝ»É, Ù»ÕÙ³óÝ»É (ó³íÁ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ). (ѳ-
ݳÏó»É: ·»óÝ»É ù³ÕóÁ/ͳñ³íÁ):
assistance [ə΄sistəns] n û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ç³Ï- assuagement [ə΄sweidзmənt] n ûè³óáõÙ,
óáõÃÛáõÝ. be of ~ û·Ý»É. render ~ û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ Ù»ÕÙ³óáõÙ. ³ÙáùÇã ÙÇçáó:
óáõÛó ï³É: assume [ə΄sju:m] v ѳÝÓÝ ³éÝ»É, ëï³ÝÓ-
assistant [ə΄sistənt] n û·Ý³Ï³Ý. ~ to the ma- Ý»É. ÁݹáõÝ»É. ~ responsibility å³ï³ë˳-
nager ïÝûñ»ÝÇ û·Ý³Ï³Ý. ~ manager ïÝû- ݳïíáõÃÛáõÝ Ñ³ÝÓÝ ³éÝ»É. ~ control/com-
ñ»ÝÇ ï»Õ³Ï³É. laboratory ~ ɳμáñ³Ýï/ mand ջϳí³ñáõÃÛáõÝ/Ññ³Ù³Ý³ï³ñáõ-
áõÑÇ. shop ~ í³×³éáÕ. ~ professor ¹áó»Ýï. ÃÛáõÝ ëï³ÝÓÝ»É. ~ office å³ßïáÝ ëï³ÝÓ-
executive ~ ·áñͳ¹Çñ û·Ý³Ï³Ý: Ý»É. (μÝáõÛà ëï³Ý³É) ~ a very grave character
assize [ə΄saiz] n ¹³ï³Ï³Ý ÝÇëï/Ýëï³- ß³ï Éáõñç μÝáõÛà ëï³Ý³É. (Ó¨³Ý»É) ~ air
ßñç³Ý. ¹³ï³ñ³ÝÇ ³ñﳷݳ Ýëï³- Çñ»Ý »ñ¨³Ï³Û»É, ٻͳÙï³Ý³É. ~ an air of
ßñç³Ý: innocence ³ÝÙ»Õ ï»ëù ÁݹáõÝ»É. let us ~ that
associate [ə΄səu∫iət] n, a å³ßïáݳÏÇó, ÁݹáõÝ»Ýù/»Ýó¹ñ»Ýù, áñ. ~ measures ÙÇ-
·áñÍÁÝÏ»ñ, ï»Õ³Ï³É. ·ÇïÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý çáóÝ»ñ Ó»éù ³éÝ»É. é½Ù. ~ the offensive
Ïñïë»ñ/ÃÕóÏÇó ³Ý¹³Ù. Çñ³í. Ù»Õë³- ѳñÓ³ÏÙ³Ý ³ÝóÝ»É. ~ the risk ѳٳñÓ³Ï-
ÏÇó (ÙdzóÛ³É, ϳåí³Í) ~ societies Ùdzó- í»É, éÇëÏÇ ¹ÇÙ»É:
Û³É ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. ~ editor ËÙμ³·ñÇ û·- assumed [ə΄sju:md] a Ùï³ó³ÍÇÝ, ÑݳñáíÇ,
ݳϳÝ. ~ professor åñáý»ëáñÇ û·Ý³Ï³Ý: Ï»ÕÍ. an ~ name ÑݳñáíÇ/Ùï³ó³ÍÇÝ ³-
associate [ə΄səu∫ieit] v ÙdzóÝ»É. ~ oneself ÝáõÝ:
with ÙÇ³Ý³É áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ. (ϳå»É, ϳå³Ï- assuming [ə΄sju:miŋ] a ëݳå³ñÍ, Ù»-
ó»É, ½áõ·áñ¹»É) I ~ spring with tulips ºë ͳÙÇï:
·³ñáõÝÁ ϳϳãÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï »Ù Ï³åáõÙ. I assumption [ə΄sΛmp∫n] n »Ýó¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ.
don’t want to ~ myself with that ºë ã»Ù áõ½áõÙ on the ~ that »Ýó¹ñ»Éáí, áñ. ~ of office/po-
¹ñ³ Ñ»ï áñ¨¿ ϳå áõݻݳÉ. He was ~d with wer/presidency å³ßïáÝÇ/Çß˳ÝáõÃÛ³Ý/ݳ-
that scandal ܳ Ù³ëݳÏÇó ¿ñ ³Û¹ ˳Û- ˳·³ÑáõÃÛ³Ý ëï³ÝÓÝáõÙÁ. (Ó¨³óÝ»ÉÁ,
ï³é³ÏáõÃÛ³ÝÁ. (ß÷í»É) She ~s mostly with Ó¨³Ý³ÉÁ) with an ~ of indifference ³Ýï³ñ-
her colleagues ܳ ÑÇÙݳϳÝáõÙ ß÷íáõÙ ¿ Çñ μ»ñ Ó¨³Ý³Éáí. unauthorized ~ áã å³ßïáݳ-
·áñÍÁÝÏ»ñÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï: Ï³Ý »Ýó¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
association [ə‚səusi΄ei∫n] n ÙÇáõÃÛáõÝ. Ùdz- assumptive [ə΄sΛmptiv] a »Ýó¹ñ»ÉÇ.
íáñáõÙ. ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ½áõ·áñ¹áõÙ, ϳå. ٻͳÙÇï, ÇÝùݳíëï³Ñ:
medical ~ μÅÇßÏÝ»ñÇ ÙÇáõÃÛáõÝ. football ~ assurance [ə΄∫ɔ:rəns] n ѳí³ëïdzóáõÙ,
ýáõïμáÉÇ ÙÇáõÃÛáõÝ. (ß÷áõÙ) ~ with your »ñ³ßËÇù. give ~ that ѳí³ëïdzóÝ»É, áñ.
family ß÷áõÙ Ó»ñ ÁÝï³ÝÇùÇ Ñ»ï sport ~ (íëï³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ) answer with ~ íëï³Ñáñ»Ý/
Ù³ñ½³Ï³Ý ÙdzíáñáõÙ. by an ~ of ideas Áëï íëï³ÑáõÃÛ³Ùμ å³ï³ë˳ݻÉ. (»ñ³ßËÇù,
·³Õ³÷³ñÝ»ñÇ ½áõ·áñ¹Ù³Ý. unpleasant ~ »ñ³ß˳íáñáõÃÛáõÝ) give a definite ~ áñá-
ïÑ³× ½áõ·áñ¹Ù³Ùμ: ß³ÏÇáñ»Ý íëï³Ñ»óÝ»É/»ñ³ß˳íáñ»É (³-
assonance [΄æsənəns] n ѳٳÑÝãÛáõÝáõ- å³Ñáí³·ñáõÙ) life ~ ÏÛ³ÝùÇ ³å³Ñáí³-
ÃÛáõÝ: ·ñáõÙ. fire ~³å³Ñáí³·ñáõÙ Ññ¹»ÑÇó. make
assonant [΄æsənənt] a ѳٳÑÝãÛáõÝ: ~ doubly sure ÏñÏݳÏÇ ³å³Ñáí³·ñáõÙ:
assort [ə΄sɔ:t] v ï»ë³Ï³íáñ»É, ËÙμ³íáñ»É: assure [ə΄∫ɔ:] v ѳí³ëïdzóÝ»É, ѳí³-
assorted [ə΄sɔ:tid] a ˳éÁ/ï»ë³Ï³íáñí³Í ï³óÝ»É, ѳÙá½»É. ~ smn ѳí³ï³óÝ»É Ù»-
³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñ. a pound of ~ sweets ÙÇ ýáõÝï ÏÇÝ. ~ oneself ѳÙá½í»É. (»ñ³ß˳íáñ»É)
ï³ñμ»ñ ÏáÝý»ï. dressed in ~ colours ï³ñ- Nothing can ~ one’s happiness àãÇÝã ãÇ Ï³ñáÕ
assured 69 athenaeum

»ñ³ß˳íáñ»É áñ¨¿ Ù»ÏÇ »ñç³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ. astrologer [ə΄strɒlədзə] n ³ëïÕ³·áõß³Ï:


(³å³Ñáí³·ñ»É) ~ one’s life ÏÛ³ÝùÝ ³å³- astrology [ə΄strɒlədзi] n ³ëïÕ³·áõß³Ïáõ-
Ñáí³·ñ»É: ÃÛáõÝ:
assured [ə΄∫ɔ:d] a íëï³Ñ, ѳÙá½í³Í. You astronaut [ə΄strɒnɔ:t] n ïÇ»½»ñ³·Ý³ó:
may be/rest ~ γñáÕ »ë íëï³Ñ ÉÇÝ»É. ~ man- astronomer [ə΄strɒnəmə] n ³ëïÕ³·»ï:
ners ÇÝùݳíëï³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ income ϳÛáõÝ astronomic (al) [‚æstrə΄nɒmik (l) ] a ³ëï-
»Ï³Ùáõï. Success is ~ гçáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³å³- Õ³·Çï³Ï³Ý. an ~ sum ³Ñ³íáñ Ù»Í/³Ý»-
Ñáíí³Í ¿: ñ¨³Ï³Û»ÉÇ ·áõÙ³ñ:
assuredly [ə΄∫ɔ:ridli] adv ³Ýßáõßï, ³Ýϳë- astronomy [ə΄strɒnəmi] n ³ëïÕ³·Çïáõ-
ϳÍ: ÃÛáõÝ:
assuredness [ə΄∫ɔ:dnəs] n íëï³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ, astute [ə΄stju:t] a Ëáñ³Ã³÷³Ýó, ˻ɳóÇ.
ÇÝùݳíëï³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ: Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏ. an ~ lawyer/businessman Ëáñ³-
aster [΄æstə] n μëμ. ³ëïճͳÕÇÏ: ó÷³Ýó Çñ³í³μ³Ý. ·áñͳñ³ñ Ù³ñ¹. an
asterisk [΄æstərisk] n ³ëïÕ³Ýß³Ý, ³ëï- ~ move Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏ ù³ÛÉ:
ÕÇÏ: asunder [ə΄sΛndə] adv ³é³ÝÓÇÝ, ³Ýç³ï.
astern [ə΄stə:n] adv Íáí. ݳíÇ Ñ»ï¨Ç ÏáÕÙÁ. rush ~ ï³ñμ»ñ áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí í³½»É.
My cabin is ~ Æ٠ݳí³ËóÇÏÁ Ñ»ï¨Ç tear ~ Ïïáñ-Ïïáñ/Ù³ë-Ù³ë ³Ý»É:
Ù³ëáõÙ ¿. fall ~ Ù»Ï áõñÇß Ý³íÇó Ñ»ï asylum [ə΄sailəm] n ³å³ëï³ñ³Ý, ûè³Ý.
ÁÝÏÝ»É. Full speed ~! ÈñÇí ÁÝóóùáí »°ï: seek/ask for political ~ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý ³å³ë-
asteroid [΄æstərɔid] n ³ëïÕμ. ÷áùñÇÏ Ùá- ï³ñ³Ý ÷Ýïñ»É. (Ñá·»μáõųñ³Ý) lunatic ~
Éáñ³Ï. ³ëï»ñáǹ. ϻݹ. Íáí³ëïÕ: Ñá·»μáõÅ³Ï³Ý ÑÇí³Ý¹³Ýáó, ·Å³Ýáó:
asthma [΄æsmə] n Ñ»ÕÓ³Ýù, ³ëÃÙ³. asymmetric [‚eisi΄metrik] a ³Ýѳٳã³÷.
asthmatic [æs΄mætik] n, a ³ëÃÙ³Ûáí ï³- asyndetic [‚æsin΄detik] a ù»ñ. ³Ýß³Õϳå.
é³åáÕ. ³ëÃٳ۳ϳݣ at [æt, ət] prep ï³ñÍ. Ùáï. ~ the window/door
astir [ə΄stə:] a, predic, adv ß³ñÅÙ³Ý Ù»ç, áï- å³ïáõѳÝÇ/¹é³Ý Ùáï. (-áõÙ) ~ the cor-
ùÇ íñ³. be early ~ í³Õ í»ñ ϻݳÉ, ³é³íá- ner/meeting/station ³ÝÏÛáõÝáõÙ/ÅáÕáíáõÙ/ϳ-
ïÇó áïùÇ íñ³ ÉÇÝ»É. (Ñáõ½ÙáõÝùÇ Ù»ç, Û³ñ³ÝáõÙ. (áõÕÕí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝ)
·ñ·éí³Í) The whole town was ~ ²ÙμáÕç fire ~ Ïñ³Ï»É (íñ³). look ~ Ý³Û»É (íñ³Ý)
ù³Õ³ùÁ Ñáõ½í³Í ¿ñ: (ųٳݳÏ) ~ noon/five o’clock/sunrise/night
astonish [ə΄stɒni∫] v ½³ñÙ³óÝ»É, ³åß»óÝ»É. Ï»ëûñÇÝ/ųÙÇ ÑÇÝ·ÇÝ/³ñß³ÉáõÛëÇÝ/·Çß»-
The news ~ed everybody ÜáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ/ÈáõñÁ ñÁ. ~ first/last ëϽμáõÙ, í»ñçáõÙ. ~ work ³ß-
μáÉáñÇÝ ½³ñÙ³óñ»ó. I was ~ed at his beha- ˳ï³ÝùÇÝ. ~ breakfast ݳ˳׳ßÇÝ.
viour ÆÝÓ ½³ñÙ³óñ»ó Ýñ³ í³ñí»É³Ï»ñåÁ: (íÇ׳Ï) ~ a loss ß÷áÃí³Í. ~ war å³ï»-
astonishing [ə΄stɒni∫iŋ] a ½³ñٳݳÉÇ, ñ³½ÙÇ Ù»ç. (·áñÍáÕ. μÝáõÛÃ) ~ a run/a gallop
³åß»óáõóÇã: í³½ùáí, ù³é³ïñá÷. (ã³÷, ·ÇÝ) ~ a high
astonishment [ə΄stɒni∫mənt] n ½³ñÙ³Ýù. price μ³ñÓñ ·Ýáí. apples ~` two dollars »ñÏáõ
to everybody’s ~ Ç ½³ñÙ³Ýë μáÉáñÇ: ¹áɳñáí ËÝÓáñ. ~ 30 mph ųÙÁ 30 ÙÕáÝ
astound [ə΄staund] v ³åß»óÝ»É. be ~ed by ³ñ³·áõÃÛ³Ùμ. ~ a good price É³í ·Ýáí. ~ a
³åß»É: high salary μ³ñÓñ ³ß˳ï³í³ñÓáí. ~ the
astounding [ə΄staundiŋ] a ³åß»óÝáÕ, ³å- age of fifty ÑÇëáõÝ ï³ñ»Ï³Ý ѳë³ÏáõÙ. ~
ß»óáõóÇã: worst/best í³ï³·áõÛÝ/É³í³·áõÛÝ ¹»åùáõÙ.
astrakhan [‚æstrə΄kæn] n ϳñ³ÏáõÉ, μáõ- I’m surprised ~ you ¼³ñÙ³ó³Í »Ù Ó»½ íñ³.
˳ñ³: ~ the sight of ï»ëùÇó, ï»ëÝ»ÉÇë:
astray [ə΄strei] adv go/run ~ ׳ݳå³ñÑÇó at-a-boy [΄ætəbɔi] int ËëÏó. λóó»°ë:
ß»Õí»É, ÙáÉáñí»É. lead ~ ÙáÉáñ»óÝ»É: atheism [΄eiθizm] n ³Ã»Ç½Ù, ³Ý³ëïí³Íáõ-
astride [ə΄straid] adv, prep ѻͳÍ. ride ~ ÃÛáõÝ:
ÓÇáõÝ Ñ»Í³Í ·Ý³É. sit ~ the chair ³ÃáéÇÝ atheist [΄eiθiist] n ³Ý³ëïí³Í, ³Ã»Çëï:
Ñ»Í³Í Ýëï»É: atheistic [‚eiθi΄istik] a ³Ã»Çëï³Ï³Ý:
astringent [ə΄strindзnt] n ïïÇå/ϳåáÕ athenaeum [‚æθi΄ni:əm] n ·ñ³Ï³Ý/·Çï³-
ÝÛáõÃ: Ï³Ý ³ÏáõÙμ. ·ñ³¹³ñ³Ý:
athirst 70 attack

athirst [ə΄θa:st] a, predic ͳñ³í, ͳñ³íÇ. atrocious [ə΄trəu∫əs] a ¹³Å³Ý, ëáëϳÉÇ.


÷Ëμ. Ó·ïáÕ: ·³½³Ý³ÛÇÝ, ·³ñß»ÉÇ. an ~ crime ¹³Å³Ý/
athlete [΄æθli:t] n Ù³ñ½ÇÏ: ëáëϳÉÇ á×ñ³·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ weather/dinner
athletic [æθ΄letik] n pl, a Ù³ñÙݳٳñ½áõ- ³Ñ³íáñ/½½í»ÉÇ »Õ³Ý³Ï. ³Ñ³íáñ í³ï
ÃÛáõÝ, Ù³ñÙݳٳñ½³Ï³Ý. ~ sports ûè ׳ßÏ»ñáõÛà ËëÏó. ß³ï/ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ í³ï:
³ÃÉ»ïÇϳ: atrocit/y [ə΄trɒsəti] ¹³Å³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ý·áõÃ
athleticism [æθ΄letisizm] n ³ÃÉ»ïÇÏ Ï³½Ù- í³ñÙáõÝù, ·³½³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ies of the war
í³Íù: å³ï»ñ³½ÙÇ í³Ûñ³·áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ. (³Ñ³-
athletics [æθ΄letiks] n pl ³ÃÉ»ïÇϳ, íáñ/ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ μ³Ý) That film is an ~ ²Û¹
Ù³ñÙݳٳñ½áõÃÛáõÝ: ÏÇÝáÝϳñÁ ³Ñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ ¿:
at-home [ət΄həum] n ËëÏó. ÑÛáõñ»ñÇ Áݹáõ- atrophied [΄ætrəfid] a ù³Ûù³Ûí³Í, ÑÛáõÍ-
Ý»ÉáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ïáõÏ ûñ/»ñ»Ïá: í³Í, áõųëå³é:
athwart [ə΄θwɔ:t] adv, prep ß»ÕÉÇÏ, ѳϳ- atrophy [΄ætrəfi] n ù³Ûù³ÛáõÙ. μóóáõÙ,
é³Ï, ¹»Ù: Ïáñáõëï. suffer ~ ÑÛáõÍí»É, áõųëå³é
Atlantic [ət΄læntik] 1. n ²ïɳÝïÛ³Ý ûí- ÉÇÝ»É:
ÏdzÝáë (ݳ¨ª ~ ocean). 2. a ³ïɳÝïÛ³Ý: attach [ə΄tæt∫] v ³Ùñ³óÝ»É, ÏåóÝ»É, ϳå»É.
atlas [΄ætləs] n ³ß˳ñѳ·ñ³Ï³Ý ³ïɳë: ~ oneself ϳåí»É, ѳñ»É. ~ a seal ÏÝÇù ¹Ý»É.
atmosphere [΄ætməsfiə] n ÙÃÝáÉáñï, û¹. ~ a stamp ݳٳϳÝÇß ÏåóÝ»É. ~ a label åÇ-
÷Ëμ. ÙÇç³í³Ûñ. friendly ~ ÁÝÏ»ñ³Ï³Ý ï³Ï ÏåóÝ»É, åÇï³Ï³íáñ»É. (Ïó»É) ~ docu-
ÙÃÝáÉáñï. ~ of peace/evil ˳ճÕáõÃÛ³Ý/ã³- ments to a letter ݳٳÏÇÝ ÷³ëï³ÃÕûñ
ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÃÝáÉáñï. ~ conditions ÙÃÝáÉáñï³- Ïó»É. be ~ed to ϳåí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. She is deeply
ÛÇÝ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ: ~ed to her brother ܳ ß³ï ϳåí³Í ¿ Çñ »Õ-
atmospheric [‚ætməs΄ferik] 1. n pl é³¹. μáñ Ñ»ï. ~ a teacer to a class ¹³ë³ïáõÇÝ
û¹³ÛÇÝ/ÙÃÝáÉáñï³ÛÇÝ Ë³Ý·³ñáõÙÝ»ñ. 2. ¹³ë³ñ³ÝÇÝ Ïó»É. ÷Ëμ. We were ~ed Ø»½
a ÙÃÝáÉáñï³ÛÇÝ: ÙdzóñÇÝ. ~ to a party ÙÇ³Ý³É Ïáõë³Ïóáõ-
atoll [΄ætɒl] n Ïáñ³ÉÛ³Ý ÏÕ½Ç, ³ïáÉ: ÃÛ³Ý. ~ great importance Ù»Í Ï³ñ¨áñáõÃÛáõÝ
atom [΄ætəm] n ýǽ. ³ïáÙ, ÷Ëμ. ³Ù»Ý³- ï³É. No blame ~es to him ܳ ¹ñ³ÝáõÙ Ù»-
÷áùñ Ù³ëÝÇÏ. break to ~s ç³ñ¹áõ÷ßáõñ Õ³íáñ ã¿. (·áõÛùÇ íñ³ ϳɳÝù ¹Ý»É)
³Ý»É. split the ~ ³ïáÙÁ ïñáÑ»É: property ~ed ϳɳÝùÇ ï³Ï ·ïÝíáÕ ·áõÛù:
atomaniac [‚ætəu΄meiniæk] n ³ïáÙ³ÛÇÝ attache [ə΄tæ∫ei] n Ïóáñ¹ (¹»ëå³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý):
å³ï»ñ³½Ù Ññ³ÑñáÕ£ attache-case [ə΄tæ∫eikeis] ÷áùñÇÏ, ï³÷³Ï
atomic [ə΄tɒmik] a ³ïáÙ³ÛÇÝ. ÷Ëμ. ÷áùñ, ׳ÙåñáõÏ ÷³ëï³ÃÕûñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ:
Ù³Ýñ: attached [ə΄tæt∫t] a ϳåí³Í, ³Ùñ³óñ³Í.
atomicity [‚ætə΄misəti] n ³ïáٳϳÝáõ- ÝíÇñí³Í:
ÃÛáõÝ, ³ñÅ»ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: attachment [ə΄tæt∫mənt] n ϳåí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ,
atomize [΄ætəmaiz] v ÷áßdzóÝ»É: ÝíÇñí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. Çñ³í. (Ó»ñμ³Ï³ÉáõÙ)
atomizer [΄ætəmaizə] n ÷áßdzóÝáÕ, åáõÉ- liable to ~ ϳɳÝùÇ »Ýóϳ:
í»ñǽ³ïáñ: attack [ə΄tæk] n ѳñÓ³ÏáõÙ, ·ñáÑ(áõÙ).
atom-smasher [‚ætəm΄smæ∫ə] n ³ïáÙ ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛ³Ý Ýáå³ make an ~ ѳñÓ³ÏáõÙ
ïñáÑÇã: ·áñÍ»É. é½Ù. ~ plane ·ñáѳÛÇÝ ÇÝùݳÃÇé:
atom-smashing [‚ætəm΄smæ∫iŋ] n ³ïáÙÇ attack [ə΄tæk] v ѳñÓ³Ïí»É, ·ñáÑ»É. ~ a
ïñáÑáõÙ£ town ·ñáÑ»É ù³Õ³ùÁ. They ~ed the boy
atone [ə΄təun] v ù³í»É (Ù»ÕùÁ). ѳïáõó»É, Üñ³Ýù ѳñÓ³Ïí»óÇÝ ïÕ³ÛÇ íñ³. μÅßÏ.
÷áËѳïáõó»É. ~ a sin Ù»ÕùÁ ù³í»É: Ýáå³. heart ~ ëñïÇ Ýáå³. an ~ of fever
atonement [ə΄təunmənt] n ù³íáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳ- ï»Ý¹Ç Ýáå³. ~ a problem ÷Ëμ. ³ÝóÝ»É
ïáõóáõÙ: ѳñóÇ ÉáõÍÙ³ÝÁ. (ù³Ûù³Û»É) Acid ~s metals
atonic [ei΄tɒnik] a ù»ñ. ³Ýß»ßï. ~ syllable ÂÃáõÝ ù³Ûù³ÛáõÙ ¿ Ù»ï³ÕÝ»ñÁ (³Ëï³-
³Ýß»ßï í³ÝÏ: ѳñ»É) This disease ~s the nervous system ²Ûë
atop [ə΄tɒp] adv ·³·³ÃÇÝ, ͳÛñÇÝ, í»ñ¨áõÙ. ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝÁ ù³Ûù³ÛáõÙ ¿/ ³Ëï³Ñ³-
~ of í»ñ¨áõÙ. ~ of the cliff ųÛéÇ ·³·³ÃÇÝ: ñáõÙ ¿ ÝÛ³ñ¹³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á. be ~ed by
attain 71 attract

doubts ϳëϳÍÝ»ñÇ Ù»ç ÁÝÏÝ»É. be ~ed in ËݳÙù. dance ~ ùÍÝ»É:


the press Ù³ÙáõÉáõÙ ùÝݳ¹³ïí»É: attendant [ə΄tendənt] n, a áõÕ»ÏóáÕ, ëå³-
attain [ə΄tein] v ѳëÝ»É, Ó»éù μ»ñ»É. ~ one’s ë³ñÏáÕ. óïñáÝÇ/óݷ³ñ³ÝÇ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ
objective/the summit Ýå³ï³ÏÇÝ/·³·³ÃÇÝ ëå³ë³ñÏáõ. lift ~ í»ñ»É³ÏÇ ëå³ë³ñÏáÕ.
ѳëÝ»É: cloakroom ~ ѳݹ»ñÓ³å³Ñ. the ~ nurse
attainability [ə‚teinə΄biləti] n ѳë³Ý»ÉÇáõ- Ñ»ñóå³Ñ ùáõÛñ:
ÃÛáõÝ: attention [ə΄ten∫n] n áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. attract/
attainable [ə΄teinəbl] a ѳë³Ý»ÉÇ. The goal call ~ áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ·ñ³í»É. pay ~ áõß³¹-
is not yet ~ Üå³ï³ÏÁ ¹»é ѳë³Ý»ÉÇ ã¿: ñáõÃÛáõÝ ¹³ñÓÝ»É. draw ~ áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ
attainment [ə΄teinmənt] n Ýí³×áõÙ, Ó»éù- Ññ³íÇñ»É. with due ~ å³ïß³× áõß³¹ñáõ-
μ»ñáõÙ, ѳëÝ»ÉÁ. for the ~ of the purpose ÃÛ³Ùμ. listen with ~ áõß³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ Éë»É. I’m
Ýå³ï³ÏÇÝ Ñ³ëÝ»Éáõ ѳٳñ. His ~s are all ~ Ð³Ù³Ï áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ »Ù. A~! ¼·³°ëï.
many ܳ ѳçáÕáõÃÛ³Ý ¿ ѳë»É ß³ï ³ë- A pretty girl gets a lot of ~ ¶»Õ»óÇÏ ³ÕçÇÏÁ
å³ñ»½Ý»ñáõÙ. (·Çï»ÉÇùÝ»ñ) a man of varied áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÇó ß÷³ÝáõÙ ¿:
~s μ³½Ù³ÏáÕÙ³ÝÇ Ù³ñ¹: attentive [ə΄tentiv] a áõß³¹Çñ, Ñá·³ï³ñ,
attaint [ə΄teint] n ³ñ³ï, ˳Ûï³é³Ïáõ- å³ïñ³ëï³Ï³Ù. an ~ audience áõß³¹Çñ
ÃÛáõÝ: ѳݹÇë³ï»ë. be ~ to one’s studies μ³ñ»-
attar [΄ætə] n í³ñ¹³ÛáõÕ: ËÕ×áñ»Ý í»ñ³μ»ñí»É Çñ áõëÙ³ÝÁ£
attemper [ə΄tempə] v ã³÷³íáñ»É, ϳÝáݳ- attenuate [ə΄tenjuət] a ÝÇѳñ, ÑÛáõÍí³Í,
íáñ»É: Ãáõɳó³Í£
attempt [ə΄tempt] n ÷áñÓ, ³ñ³ñù. Ó»éݳñ- attenuation [ə‚tenju΄ei∫n] áõųëå³éáõ-
ÏáõÙ. make an ~ ÷áñÓ ³Ý»É, ÷áñÓ»É. make ÃÛáõÝ, ÑÛáõÍáõÙ, ÃáõɳóáõÙ£
an ~ on the record ÷áñÓ»É é»Ïáñ¹ ë³ÑÙ³Ý»É attest [ə΄test] v ѳëï³ï»É, ѳí³ëïdzó-
first ~ ³é³çÇÝ ÷áñÓ. give up the ~ ÷áñÓ»- Ý»É. íϳÛáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É. the facts ~ that ÷³ë-
Éáõó Ññ³Å³ñí»É. ~ against liberty áïÝÓ·áõ- ï»ñÁ íϳÛáõÙ »Ý, áñ. ~ a signature ëïá-
ÃÛáõÝ ³½³ïáõÃÛ³Ý ¹»Ù. (ٳѳ÷áñÓ) an ~ ñ³·ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ѳëï³ï»É. ~ed milk/meat
on smb’s life ٳѳ÷áñÓ Ù»ÏÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ: ëïáõ·í³Í ϳÃ/ÙÇë:
attempt [ə΄tempt] v ÷áñÓ»É, ÷áñÓ Ï³ï³- attestation [‚æte΄stei∫n] n í³í»ñ³óáõÙ,
ñ»É. ~ to do smth ÷áñÓ»É ÇÝã-áñ μ³Ý ³Ý»É. íϳÛáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳëï³ïáõÙ£
Don’t ~ the impossible ØÇ ÷áñÓ»ù ѳëÝ»É attic [΄ætik] n Ó»ÕݳѳñÏ, í»ñݳѳñÏ:
³Ýѳë³Ý»ÉÇÇÝ. I’ll ~ it ºë Ï÷áñÓ»Ù: attic-stor(e)y [΄ætik‚stɔ:ri] n Ó»ÕݳѳñÏ:
attend [ə΄tend] v ѳ׳˻É, Ý»ñϳ ÉÇÝ»É. ~ attire [ə΄taiə] n ½·»ëï, å×ݳ½·»ëï, ½³ñ-
a conference/lectures ÏáÝý»ñ³ÝëÇÝ Ù³ëݳÏ- ¹³ñ³Ýù:
ó»É, ¹³ë³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ѳ׳˻É. (Ëݳ- attire [ə΄taiə] v ѳ·óÝ»É, ½áõ·»É. simply ~d
Ù»É, Ñá· ï³Ý»É, ëå³ë³ñÏ»É) The patient ѳë³ñ³Ï/å³ñ½ ѳ·Ýí³Í:
was ~ed by doctor X ÐÇí³Ý¹ÇÝ ËݳÙáõÙ ¿ñ attitude [΄ætitju:d] n ¹Çñù, ¹ÇñùáñáßáõÙ.
μÅÇßÏ ÆùëÁ His secretary ~ed him on his travel í»ñ³μ»ñÙáõÝù. strike/take up an ~ ¹Çñù
ø³ñïáõÕ³ñÁ áõÕ»ÏóáõÙ ¿ñ Ýñ³Ý Çñ ·áñ- ÁݹáõÝ»É. friendly ~ ÁÝÏ»ñ³Ï³Ý/μ³ñ»Ï³-
ÍáõÕÙ³Ý ÁÝóóùáõÙ. ~ to smb’s needs áõß³- Ù³Ï³Ý í»ñ³μ»ñÙáõÝù. ~ to the problem í»-
¹Çñ ÉÇÝ»É Ù»ÏÇ Ï³ñÇùÝ»ñÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ. I’ll ñ³μ»ñÙáõÝù ѳñóÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ. ~ of mind
~ to the baby ºë Ͻμ³Õí»Ù »ñ»Ë³Ûáí. I’ll ~ Ùï³Í»É³Ï»ñå:
to you in a minute ØÇ ñáå»Çó Ó»½ Ïëå³ë³ñ- attorney [ə΄tə:ni] n Çñ³í³μ³Ý, ÷³ëï³-
Ï»Ù. May good luck ~ you ÂáÕ Ó»½ ѳçá- μ³Ý. ѳí³ï³ñÙ³ï³ñ. General A~ ¶É˳-
ÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ áõÕ»ÏóÇ, гçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ Ó»½: íáñ ¹³ï³Ë³½ (²Ý·Édz), ²ñ¹³ñ³¹³ïáõ-
attendance [ə΄tendəns] n ëå³ë³ñÏáõÙ. ÃÛ³Ý Ý³Ë³ñ³ñ (²ØÜ). deputy ~ ¹³ï³Ë³-
Ý»ñϳÛáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳ׳ËáõÙ. ËݳÙù. hours of ½Ç ï»Õ³Ï³É. letter/warrant of ~ »ñ³ß˳íá-
~ ³ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ Å³Ù»ñ. poor ~ í³ï ѳ- ñ³·Çñ. power of ~ Édz½áñáõÃÛáõÝ, Édz½á-
׳ËáõÙ. ~ list ѳ׳ËáõÙÝ»ñÇ óáõó³Ï. large ñ³·Çñ. by ~ »ñ³ß˳íáñáõÃÛ³Ùμ:
~ at the meeting Ù»Í Ñ³ë³ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ß³ï attract [ə΄trækt] v Ó·»É, ·ñ³í»É. A sound ~ed
Ù³ñ¹ ÅáÕáíáõÙ. medical ~ μÅßÏ³Ï³Ý my attention ØÇ Ó³ÛÝ ·ñ³í»ó ÇÙ áõß³¹ñáõ-
attraction 72 authentic

ÃÛáõÝÁ. Bright colours ~ babies ì³é ·áõÛÝ»ñÁ auditorial [‚ɔ:di΄tə:riəl] a í»ñëïáõ·Çã,


Ó·áõÙ »Ý »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñÇÝ: í»ñ³ÑëÏÇã:
attraction [ə΄træk∫n] n Ó·áճϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ, auditorium [‚ɔ:di΄tə:riəm] n Éë³ñ³Ý, ¹³Ñ-
·ñ³íãáõÃÛáõÝ. The job has many ~s ²ß˳- ÉÇ×:
ï³ÝùÁ ß³ï ·ñ³íÇã ÏáÕÙ»ñ áõÝÇ. The trip auditory [΄ɔditəri] a ÉëáճϳÝ:
offers many ~s ²Ûë áõÕ¨áñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ß³ï Augean [ɔ:΄dзi:ən] a ²í·Û³Ý. ~ stables
Ó·áÕ³Ï³Ý μ³Ý ϳ: ²í·Û³Ý ³ËáéÝ»ñ:
attractive [ə΄træktiv] a ·ñ³íÇã, Ññ³åáõ- auger [΄ɔ:gə] n ·³ÛÉÇÏáÝ, ß³Õ³÷:
ñÇã. ~ prices Ññ³åáõñÇã ·Ý»ñ: augment [΄ɔ:gmənt] v ٻͳóÝ»É, ³í»É³ó-
attribute [΄ætribju:t] n ѳïÏáõÃÛáõÝ, μÝá- Ý»É. ~ one’s income »Ï³ÙáõïÁ ³í»É³óÝ»É:
ñáß Ñ³ïϳÝÇß. ù»ñ. áñáßÇã: augmentation [‚ɔ:gmen΄tei∫n] n ³×áõÙ, ѳ-
attribute [ə΄tribju:t] v í»ñ³·ñ»É. His failure í»ÉáõÙ:
is ~d to his illness Üñ³ Ó³ËáÕáõÙÁ í»ñ³- augur [΄ɔ:gə] n, v ·áõß³Ï. ݳ˳·áõ߳ϻÉ.
·ñáõÙ »Ý Çñ ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛ³ÝÁ: ~ ill/well í³ï/ɳí μ³Ý ·áõ߳ϻÉ:
attribution [‚ætri΄bju:∫n] n í»ñ³·ñáõÙ. Çß- augury [΄ɔ:gjuri] n ·áõß³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ݳ˳-
˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: ½·³óáõÙ:
attributive [ə΄tribjutiv] a áñáßÇã. ѳïϳ- August [΄ɔ:gəst] n, a û·áëïáë, û·áëïáë-
Ý߳ϳÝ: Û³Ý:
attune [ə΄tju:n] v ɳñ»É (·áñÍÇùÁ): august [ɔ:΄gΛst] a í»Ñ, íë»Ù:
aubergine [΄əubədзi:n] n ëÙμáõÏ, μ³¹ñÇ- aunty [a:nti] (ݳ¨ª auntie) n ÷Õùß. Ñáñ³-
ç³Ý: ùáõÛñ, Ùáñ³ùáõÛñ:
auburn [΄ɔ:bən] a ß³·³Ý³Ï³·áõÛÝ, μ³ó aural [΄ɔ:rəl] a ³Ï³Ýç³ÛÇÝ, ÉëáճϳÝ. ~
¹³ñãݳ·áõÛÝ: test ÉëáÕáõÃÛ³Ý ëïáõ·áõÙ. ~ impression Éëá-
auction [΄ɔ:k∫n] n ³×áõñ¹. put up to/sell by ~ Õ³Ï³Ý ÁÝϳÉáõÙ:
³×áõñ¹áí í³×³é»É. an ~ sale ³×áõñ¹³ÛÇÝ aurally [΄ɔ:rəli] adv ÉëáÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ, μ³Ý³íáñ
í³×³éù: Ï»ñåáí:
auctioneer [‚ɔ:k∫ə΄niə] n ³×áõñ¹³í³×³é: aureate [΄ɔ:rieit] a áëÏ»·áõÛÝ, áëÏ»½ûÍ:
audacious [ɔ:΄dei∫əs] a ѳٳñÓ³Ï, ѳÝ- auriferous [ɔ:΄rifərəs] a áëÏ»μ»ñ:
¹áõ·Ý. ÉÏïÇ: aurist [΄ɔ:rist] n ³Ï³Ýç³μáõÛÅ:
audacity [ɔ:΄dæsəti] n ѳٳñÓ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ, aurochs [΄ɔ:rɒks] n ϻݹ. í³ÛñÇ óáõÉ, μÇ-
ѳݹ·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ÉÏïÇáõÃÛáõÝ: ½áÝ:
audibility [‚ɔ:də΄biləti] n Éë»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ, aurora [ə΄rɔ:rə] n ³ñß³ÉáõÛë. ßáÕßáÕáõÝ
å³ñ½³Éë»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ: ϳñÙÇñ:
audible [΄ɔ:dəbl] a Éë»ÉÇ, å³ñ½ Éë»ÉÇ. å³ñ- auspice [΄ɔ:spis] n μ³ñÇ Ý³Ë³·áõß³ÏáõÙ.
½áñáß. be scarcely ~ ѳ½Çí Éë»ÉÇ ÉÇÝ»É. a ~s háí³Ý³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. under the ~s of Ñáí³-
scarcely ~ whisper ѳ½Çí Éë»ÉÇ ßßÝçáó: ݳíáñáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï, ³ç³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ùμ:
audibly [΄ɔ:dəbli] adv å³ñ½áñáß Ï»ñåáí: auspicious [ɔ:΄spi∫əs] a μ³ñ»å³ï»Ñ, ѳ-
audience [΄ɔ:diəns] n áõÝÏݹÇñÝ»ñ, ѳݹÇ- çáÕ³Ï:
ë³ï»ë. ѳݹÇë³Ï³ÝÝ»ñ. a numerous/big ~ Aussie [΄ɒzi] n ËëÏó. ³íëïñ³ÉdzóÇ:
μ³½Ù³Ù³ñ¹ ѳë³ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. give/grant austere [ɔ:΄stiə] a ËÇëï, ¹³Å³Ý. ׷ݳíá-
smb an ~ ÁݹáõÝ»É áñ¨¿ Ù»ÏÇÝ, ÁݹáõÝ»Éáõ- ñ³Ï³Ý. å³ñ½ (á×Ç Ù³ëÇÝ):
ÃÛáõÝ Ý߳ݳϻÉ: austerity [ɔ:΄sterəti] n ËëïáõÃÛáõÝ, ¹³Å³-
audio-visual [‚ɔ:diəu΄viзuəl] a ï»ë³ÉëáÕ³- ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. å³ñ½áõÃÛáõÝ (á×Ç):
ϳÝ. ~ aids/means ï»ë³ÉëáÕ³Ï³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ: austral [΄ɔ:strəl] a ѳñ³í³ÛÇÝ:
audit [΄ɔ:dit] n, v ѳßí³å³Ñ³Ï³Ý ëïáõ- Australian [ɒ΄streiliən] n, a ³íëïñ³ÉdzóÇ,
·áõÙ. ëïáõ·»É, í»ñëïáõ·»É. ~ accounts ѳ- ³íëïñ³ÉdzϳÝ:
ßÇíÝ»ñÁ ëïáõ·»É. ~ certificate ѳßí»ëïáõ·- Austrian [΄ɔstriən] n, a ³íëïñdzóÇ, ³íë-
Ù³Ý »½ñ³Ï³óáõÃÛáõÝ: ïñdzϳÝ:
audition [ɔ:΄di∫n] n Éë»ÉÁ, ÉëáõÙ: authentic [ɔ:΄θentik] a ÇëϳϳÝ, í³í»ñ³-
auditor [΄ɔ:ditə] n í»ñëïáõ·Çã, í»ñ³ÑëÏÇã: ϳÝ. μÝûñÇݳÏ. ~ text ï»ùëï, μݳ·Çñ. ~
authentically 73 availability

signature ÇëÏ³Ï³Ý ëïáñ³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ auto [΄ɔ:təu] n ËëÏó. ³íïáÙáμÇÉ:


sources ëïáõÛ·/³ñųݳѳí³ï ³ÕμÛáõñ- auto- [΄ɔ:təu] pref ÇÝùݳ-, ³íïá -£
Ý»ñ. ~ news ëïáõÛ· Éáõñ»ñ: autobiographic [‚ɔ:təubaiə΄græfik] a ÇÝù-
authentically [ɔ:΄θentikli] adv Çëϳå»ë, ݳϻÝë³·ñ³Ï³Ý:
ѳëï³ï³å»ë: autobiography [‚ɔ:təubai΄ɒgrəfi] n ÇÝùݳ-
authenticate [ɔ:΄θentikeit] v í³í»ñ³óÝ»É, Ï»Ýë³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÇëÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ ѳëï³ï»É: autocar [΄ɔ:tə (u) ka:] n ³íïáÙ»ù»Ý³:
authenticity [‚ɔ:θen΄tisəti] n ÇëÏáõÃÛáõÝ, autocracy [ɔ:΄tɒkrəsi] n ÇÝùݳϳÉáõÃÛáõÝ:
í³í»ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: autocrat [΄ɔ:təkræt] n ÇÝùݳϳÉ:
author [΄ɔ:θə] n Ñ»ÕÇݳÏ, ëï»ÕÍáÕ, ·ñáÕ. autocratic (al) [‚ɔ:tə΄krætik (l) ] a ÇÝùݳ-
ëϽμݳå³ï׳é. co~ Ñ»ÕÇݳϳÏÇó, ѳ- ϳɳϳÝ, μéݳϳɳϳÝ:
ٳѻÕÇݳÏ. ~’s certificate Ñ»ÕÇݳϳÛÇÝ autogenesis [‚ɔ:təu΄dзenisis] n ÇÝùݳ-
íϳ۳ϳÝ. ~‘s royalty Ñ»ÕÇݳϳÛÇÝ ÑáÝá- ÍÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
ñ³ñ. ~ of mischief ã³ñÇ Ñ»ÕÇݳÏ. the A~ autogenous [ɔ:΄tɒdзinəs] a ÇÝùݳÍÇÝ, ³í-
²ñ³ñÇã ²ëïí³Í: ï᷻ݳÛÇÝ:
authoress [΄ɔ:θəres] n ÏÇÝ ·ñáÕ/Ñ»ÕÇݳϣ autograph [΄ɔ:təgra:f] n ÇÝùݳ·Çñ:
authoritarian [ɔ:‚θɔri΄teəriən] a μéݳ- automatic [‚ɔ:tə΄mætik] a ³íïáÙ³ï. ~
å»ï³Ï³Ý: pilot ³íïáû¹³ãáõ. ~ rifle ³íïáÙ³ï Ññ³-
authoritative [ɔ:΄θɒritətiv] a Ñ»ÕÇݳϳ- ó³Ý. ~ telephone system ³íïáÙ³ï Ñ»é³-
íáñ. Çß˳ݳϳÝ, íëï³Ñ»ÉÇ, Ññ³Ù³- Ëáë³Ï³Û³Ý. ~ weapons ³íïáÙ³ï ½»Ýù»ñ.
۳ϳÝ. ~ tone Ññ³Ù³Û³Ï³Ý ïáÝ. ~ body ~ renewal ÇÝùݳμ»ñ³μ³ñ »ñϳñ³Ó·áõÙ
Ñ»ÕÇݳϳíáñ Ù³ñÙÇÝ. full ~ ÉÇÇñ³í. ~ (å³Ûٳݳ·ñÇ):
criterion íëï³Ñ»ÉÇ ã³÷³ÝÇß. be ~ ³½¹»óÇÏ automatism [ɔ:΄tɒmətizm] n ³Ï³Ù³ ß³ñ-
ÉÇÝ»É: ÅáõÙ/·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ³íïáÙ³ïáõÃÛáõÝ:
authoritativeness [ɔ:΄θɔritətivnəs] n ³Ý³- automaton [ɔ:΄tɒmətən] n ³íïáÙ³ï:
é³ñÏ»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ, Ñ»ÕÇݳϳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ£ automobile [΄ɔ:təməubi:l] n ³íïáÙáμÇÉ,
authorit/y [ɔ:΄θɒrəti] n Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. Édz- ³íïáÙ»ù»Ý³:
½áñáõÃÛáõÝ. have no ~ Édz½áñáõÃÛáõÝ ãáõÝ»- autonomous [ɔ:΄tɒnəməs] a ÇÝùݳí³ñ,
ݳÉ, Édz½áñí³Í ãÉÇÝ»É. compelent ~ Çñ³- ³íïáÝáÙ:
í³ëáõ Ù³ñÙÇÝ. (ջϳí³ñáõÃÛáõÝ) carry ~ autonomy [ɔ:΄tɒnəmi] n ÇÝùݳí³ñáõÃÛáõÝ,
³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ. the city ~ies ù³Õ³- ÇÝùݳí³ñ å»ïáõÃÛáõÝ, ³íïáÝáÙdz:
ùÇ Õ»Ï³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ. be in trouble with ~ies autopsy [΄ɔ:tɒpsi] n ¹Ç³Ñ»ñÓáõÙ:
ջϳí³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ï ɳñí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. speak autorifle [΄ɔ:təu‚raifl] n ³Ù. Ó»éùÇ ·Ý¹³-
with ~ Ëáë»É Ñ»ÕÇݳϳíáñ ïáÝáí. be an ~ óÇñ:
in some field áñ¨¿ ³ëå³ñ»½áõÙ Ñ»ÕÇݳÏáõ- autoroad [΄ɔ:tərəud] n ³íïááõÕÇ:
ÃÛáõÝ ÉÇÝ»É: autumn [΄ɔ:təm] n, a ³ßáõÝ, ³ßݳݳÛÇÝ. in
authorization [‚ɔ:θərai΄zei∫n] n í³í»ñ³- ~ ³ßݳÝÁ. in early/late ~ í³Õ/áõß ³ßݳÝÁ.
óáõÙ, Édz½áñáõÃÛáõÝ: ~ weather/fashions ³ßݳݳÛÇÝ »Õ³Ý³Ï/Ýá-
authorize [΄ɔ:θəraiz] v ѳëï³ï»É ÃáõÛɳ- ñ³Ó¨áõÃÛáõÝ:
ïñ»É. Édz½áñ»É. I have ~ed him to act for me autumnal [ɔ:΄tΛmnəl] a ³ßݳݳÛÇÝ:
ºë Ýñ³Ý Édz½áñ»É »Ù ÇÙ ÷á˳ñ»Ý ·áñÍ»É: auxiliary [ɔ:g΄ziliəri] a ûųݹ³Ï, û·Ý³-
authorized [΄ɔ:θəraizd] a Édz½áñí³Í, ϳÝ. Éñ³óáõóÇã. ~ troops ûųݹ³Ï ½áñù»ñ
å³ßïáݳϳÝ. ~ agent Édz½áñí³Í ·áñͳ- ϳ٠auxiliaries. ù»ñ. (ûųݹ³Ï) an ~ verb
ϳÉ. ~ edition Ñ»ÕÇݳÏÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ÃáõÛɳ- ûųݹ³Ï μ³Û:
ïñí³Í Ññ³ï³ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ translation Ñ»- avail [ə΄veil] n û·áõï, ß³Ñ. of ~ û·ï³Ï³ñ,
ÕÇݳϳ½áñí³Í óñ·Ù³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. His be- åÇï³ÝÇ. of no/without ~ ³Ýû·áõï. of little ~
haviour was ~ by the situation Üñ³ í³ñùÁ ³ñ- ùÇã û·ï³Ï³ñ. to no ~ ǽáõñ:
¹³ñ³óí³Í ¿ Çñ³íÇ׳Ïáí: avail [ə΄veil] v û·ï³Ï³ñ/åÇï³ÝÇ ÉÇÝ»É. ~
authorship [΄ɔ:θə∫ip] n Ñ»ÕÇݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ, oneself of û·ïí»É:
Ñ»ÕÇÝ³Ï ÉÇÝ»ÉÁ£ availability [ə‚veilə΄biləti] n åÇï³ÝÇáõ-
available 74 await

ÃÛáõÝ, û·ï³Ï³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. (³éϳÛáõÃÛáõÝ) ~ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ ѳϳÏñ³Ýù áõݻݳÉ. take/con-


of spare parts å³Ñ»ëï³Ù³ë»ñÇ ³éϳÛáõ- ceive an ~ to smb ѳϳÏñ³Ýù/³ï»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ
ÃÛáõÝ. ~ of jobs ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ ³éϳÛáõÃÛáõÝ: ½·³É/ï³Í»É Ù»ÏÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ:
available [ə΄veiləbl] a Ù³ïã»ÉÇ, ³éϳ, ѳ- avert [ə΄və:t] v ûù»É, ÙÇ ÏáÕÙ ¹³ñÓÝ»É (³ã-
ë³Ý»ÉÇ, åÇï³ÝÇ. ~ surface ³½³ï ï³ñ³- ùÁ, Ó»éùÁ) She ~ ed her eyes from ܳ ³ãù»ñÁ
ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. This book is not ~ ²Ûë ·ÇñùÁ ãÇ Ã»ù»ó/Ñ»é³óñ»ó. ~ one’s face ßñçí»É. (ß»-
׳ñíáõÙ. He is not ~ at present ܳ ÑÇÙ³ ³Ûë- Õ»É) ~ one’s thoughts Ùïù»ñÁ ߻ջÉ, ãÙï³-
ï»Õ ã¿. when ~ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ. Í»É. (ϳë»óÝ»É) ~ an accident ¹Åμ³Ëï å³-
if ~ »Ã» Ñݳñ³íáñ ¿. by all~ means μáÉáñ ï³Ñ³ñÁ ϳë»óÝ»É. ~ suspicion ϳëϳÍÝ»-
Ñݳñ³íáñ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñáí. all ~ finds μáÉáñ ñÁ óñ»É:
³éϳ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÁ. I made my car ~ to him ºë avertible [ə΄və:təbl] a Ëáõë³÷»ÉÇ, ˳÷³-
Ýñ³Ý ïñ³Ù³¹ñ»óÇ ÇÙ Ù»ù»Ý³Ý. The ticket Ý»ÉÇ:
is ~ for one month îáÙëÁ áõÅÇ Ù»ç ¿ Ù»Ï aviary [΄eiviəri] n ÃéãݳÝáó:
³ÙÇë: aviation [‚eivi΄ei∫n] n ³ídzódz:
avalanche [΄ævəla:nt∫] n ÓÛ³Ý ÑÛáõë, É»éÝ»- aviator [΄eivieitə] n û¹³ãáõ:
ñÇó ·ÉáñíáÕ ÓݳÏáõÛï: aviculture [΄eivikΛlt∫ə] n ÃéãݳμáõÍáõÃÛáõÝ:
avarice [΄ævəris] n ³·³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ, Åɳïáõ- avid [΄ævid] a ³·³Ñ, ³ÝÏáõßï, ³Ýѳ·. ³Ý-
ÃÛáõÝ: ë³ÑÙ³Ý. an ~ reader ·ñù»ñ ÏɳÝáÕ, ³Ýѳ·
avaricious [‚ævə΄ri∫əs] a ³·³Ñ, Åɳï: ÁÝûñóáÕ:
avenge [ə΄vendз] v íñ»Å ³éÝ»É. ~ oneself avidity [ə΄vidəti] n ³·³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ÝÏßïáõ-
íñ»ÅËݹÇñ ÉÇÝ»É. ~ an insult íÇñ³íáñ³ÝùÇ ÃÛáõÝ:
ѳٳñ íñ»ÅËݹÇñ ÉÇÝ»É. ~ on an enemy aviette [‚eivi΄et] n ÷áùñÇÏ ÇÝùݳÃÇé, ë³-
ÃßݳÙáõó íñ»Å ³éÝ»É: í³éݳÏ:
avengeful [ə΄vendзfl] a íñ»ÅËݹÇñ, íñÇų- aviso [ə΄vaizəu] n ýÇÝ. ³íǽá. Íáí. ³é³ù³-
éáõ: ݳí:
avenger [ə΄vendзə] n íñÇųéáõ, íñ»Å- avoid [ə΄vɔid] v Ëáõë³÷»É, ËáõÛë ï³É.
ËݹÇñ: Çñ³í. ã»ÕÛ³É Ñ³Ù³ñ»É. ~ accident/danger
avenue [΄ævənju:] n ͳéáõÕÇ, åáÕáï³. å³ï³Ñ³ñÇó/íï³Ý·Çó Ëáõë³÷»É. ~ ri-
÷Ëμ. (áõÕÇ, ÙÇçáó.) explore every ~ áõëáõÙ- ding at rush hours »ñè»ÏáõÃÛ³Ý É³ñí³Í ų-
ݳëÇñ»É μáÉáñ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÁ: Ù»ñÇÝ Ëáõë³÷»É Ù»ù»Ý³ ùß»É. ~ the blow
average [΄ævəridз] 1. n ÙÇçÇÝ ÃÇí/Ù»Íáõ- ѳñí³ÍÇó ËáõÛë ï³É. ~ paying taxes ѳñ-
ÃÛáõÝ. at/on the ~ ÙÇçÇÝ Ñ³ßíáí. of ~ quality Ï»ñ í׳ñ»Éáõó Ëáõë³÷»É/ËáõÛë ï³É:
ÙÇçÇÝ áñ³ÏÇ. below/above the ~ ÙÇç³ÏÇó avoidable [ə΄vɔidəbl] a Ëáõë³÷»ÉÇ, ßñç³Ý-
ó³Íñ/μ³ñÓñ. 2. a ÙÇçÇÝ ~ temperature ÙÇçÇÝ ó»ÉÇ.
ç»ñÙ³ëïÇ׳Ý. (ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý) the ~ man ëá- avoidance [ə΄vɔidns] n Ëáõë³÷áõÙ. Çñ³í.
íáñ³Ï³Ý Ù³ñ¹. a man of ~ abilities ÙÇçÇÝ í»ñ³óáõÙ, ³Ýí³í»ñ ѳٳñ»ÉÁ. the ~ of the
áõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ñ Ù³ñ¹: marriage ³ÙáõëÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ³Ýí³í»ñ ѳٳ-
average [΄ævəridз] v ÙÇçÇÝ ÃÇíÁ ¹áõñë μ»- ñ»ÉÁ:
ñ»É. ~ 60 klm an hour ÙÇçÇÝ Ñ³ßíáí ųÙáõÙ avouch [ə΄vaut∫] v ѳëï³ï»É, ѳí³ë-
60 ÏÙ ³ñ³·áõÃÛ³Ùμ ùß»É: ïdzóÝ»É, »ñ³ß˳íáñ»É:
averse [ə΄və:s] a ³Ýïñ³Ù³¹Çñ, ¹ÅϳÙ. be ~ avow [ə΄vau] v Ëáëïáí³Ý»É, ÁݹáõÝ»É, ׳-
Ëáñß»É. be ~ to early rising í³Õ ³ñÃÝ³Ý³É Ý³ã»É (÷³ëïÁ):
ãëÇñ»É. be ~ to hard work ͳÝñ ³ß˳ï³Ýù avowal [ə΄vauəl] n Ëáëïáí³ÝáõÙ, Áݹáõ-
ϳï³ñ»Éáõ ѳÏáõÙ ãáõݻݳÉ. He is ~ to ans- ÝáõÙ:
wering letters ܳ ݳٳÏÝ»ñÇÝ å³ï³ë- avowed [ə΄vaud] a μ³ó³Ñ³Ûï ÁݹáõÝ-
Ë³Ý»É ãÇ ëÇñáõÙ: í³Í/׳ݳãí³Í. have an ~ interest Çñ ß³-
aversely [ə΄və:sli] adv ïѳ×áõÃÛ³Ùμ, ¹Åϳ- Ñ»ñÝ áõݻݳÉ:
Ùáñ»Ý: await [ə΄weit] v ëå³ë»É. ~ instructions ϳñ-
aversion [ə΄və:∫n] n ѳϳÏñ³Ýù, ËáñßáõÙ, ·³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ëå³ë»É ~ one’s reply å³ï³ë-
³ï»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ. have an ~ for garlic ëËïáñÇ Ë³ÝÇÝ ëå³ë»É:
awake 75 azure

awake [ə΄weik] a, predic ³ñÃáõÝ, ³ñÃݳ- awestruck [΄ɔ:strΛk] a ë³ñë³÷³Ñ³ñ.


ó³Í. ÷Ëμ. ½·áÝ. stay/lay ~ all night ³ÙμáÕç ³ÏݳͳÝùáí ÉÇ:
·Çß»ñ ³ÝùáõÝ. Coffee keeps ~ êáõñ×Ý awful [΄ɔ:fl] a ëáëϳÉÇ, ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ. an ~
³ñÃáõÝ ¿ å³ÑáõÙ. ÷Ëμ. be ~ å³ñ½ ·Ç- moment ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ å³Ñ/ÙáÙ»Ýï. How ~!
ï³Ïó»É. be ~ to the danger ½·áÝ ÉÇÝ»É/·Ç- ƯÝ㠳ѳíáñ ¿/ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ ¿. feel ~ (Çñ»Ý)
ï³Ïó»É íï³Ý·Ç ³éϳÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ: ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ ½·³É. feel ~ about smth ËÇëï
awake [ə΄weik] v ³ñÃݳóÝ»É, ³ñÃݳݳÉ. ³Ù³ã»É áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ:
The noise awoke me ²ÕÙáõÏÝ ÇÝÓ ³ñÃݳó- awfully [΄ɔ:fli] adv ëáëϳÉÇ, ã³÷³½³Ýó,
ñ»ó. He awoke very early ܳ ß³ï ßáõï ³ñÃ- ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ. A~ good of you ¸áõù ß³ï
ݳó³í. awoke to the fact ÷Ëμ. ѳëϳ- ëÇñ³ÉÇñ »ù. ~ interesting ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ Ñ»-
ݳÉ/·Çï³Ïó»É ³ÛÝ ÷³ëïÁ: ï³ùñùÇñ:
awaken [ə΄weikən] v ³ñÃݳóÝ»É (½·³óáõÙ/ awhile [ə΄wail] adv ϳñ× Å³Ù³Ý³Ïáí. Wait
½·³óÙáõÝù/Ó·ïáõÙ) ~ to a sense of respon- ~ ØÇ ùÇã ëå³ë»ù. Stay ~ yet! ØÇ ÷áùñ ѳÙ-
sibility å³ï³ë˳ݳïíáõÃÛ³Ý ½·³óáõÙ μ»ñ»ù:
³ñÃݳóÝ»É: awkward [΄ɔ:kwəd] a ³ÝßÝáñÑù, ³Ý׳-
awaikening [ə΄weikəniŋ] n ³ñÃݳóáõÙ: ñ³Ï. ³ÝѳñÙ³ñ. an ~ child ³ÝßÝáñÑù »ñ»-
award [ə΄wɔ:d] n å³ñ·¨, Ùñó³Ý³Ï. univer- ˳. an ~ silence ³ÝѳñÙ³ñ ÉéáõÃÛáõÝ. an ~
sity ~ ÏñóÃáß³Ï: bend ³ÝѳñÙ³ñ ßñç³¹³ñÓ. feel ~ ³Ý-
award [ə΄wɔ:d] v å³ñ·¨»É, ßÝáñÑ»É, ï³É. ѳñÙ³ñ ½·³É. ~ age ³ÝóáõÙ³ÛÇÝ ï³ñÇù.
be ~ed Ùñó³Ý³Ï ëï³Ý³É. be ~ed an order ~ situation ³ÝѳñÙ³ñ/Ýáõñμ Çñ³íÇ׳Ï. an
ßù³Ýß³Ý å³ñ·¨»É. Çñ³í. ¹³ï³ñ³ÝÇ/ ~ time áã ѳñÙ³ñ ųٳݳÏ. an ~ customer
ÅÛáõñÇÇ í×Çé. the judge ~ed 100 dollar as ³ÝѳݷÇëï/¹Åí³ñ³Ñ³× ѳ׳Ëáñ¹:
damages ¹³ï³íáñÁ 100 ¹áɳñ ÷áËѳ- awl [ɔ:l] n μǽ:
ïáõóÙ³Ý í×Çé ϳ۳óñ»ó: awn [ɔ:n] n (ѳëÏÇ) ùÇëï:
aware [ə΄weə] a, predic Çñ³½»Ï, ï»ÕÛ³Ï. ·Ç- awning [΄ɔ:niŋ] n Ñáí³ÝÇ, ͳÍÏ:
ï³ÏóáÕ. be ~ of smth áñ¨¿ μ³Ý ·Çï³Ïó»É. awry [ə΄rai] a predic. Íáõé, ûù. ³ÛɳÛÉí³Í. a
Are you ~ that... ? ¸áõ ï»ÕÛ³±Ï »ë, áñ... be face ~ with pain ó³íÇó ³ÛɳÛÉí³Í ¹»Ùù. The
fully ~ of ÉñÇí Çñ³½»Ï ÉÇÝ»É. without being ~ plans have gone ~ Ìñ³·ñ»ñÁ Ó³ËáÕí»É »Ý.
³é³Ýó ·Çï³Ïó»Éáõ. not that I’m ~ of look ~ Ë»Ã/ßÇÉ Ý³Û»É. take ~ ëË³É Ù»Ïݳ-
ϳñÍáõÙ »Ù áã: μ³Ý»É:
awash [ə΄wɒ∫] a, predic áÕáÕí³Í. The deck ax (e) [æks] 1. n ϳóÇÝ. the ~ ·É˳ïáõÙ. put
was ~ î³Ëï³Ï³Ù³ÍÁ áÕáÕí³Í ¿ñ çñáí: the ~ in the helve ¹Åí³ñ ѳñó ÉáõÍ»É. 2. v
away [ə΄wei] a, adv Ñ»é³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³. ϳóÝáí Ïïñ»É, ϳóݳѳñ»É:
5 km ~ 5 ÏÙ Ñ»é³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³. far ~ Ñ»é- axial [΄æksiəl] a ³é³ÝóùÇ, ³é³Ýóù³ÛÇÝ,
íáõÙ. sit ~ from the fire Ïñ³ÏÇó Ñ»éáõ Ýëï»É. ëéÝáõ:
(Ñ»é³óáõÙ, ß³ñÅáõÙ) go ~ Ñ»é³ó»ù. take it axiom [΄æksiəm] n ³ùëÇáÙ(³):
~ Ñ»é³óñ»ù ³Û¹. an ~ match Ë³Õ áõñÇßÇ axiomatic (al) [‚æksiə΄mætik (l)] ³ÏÝѳÛï,
¹³ßïáõÙ. The next match is ~ гçáñ¹ ˳ÕÁ ³å³óáõÛó ãå³Ñ³ÝçáÕ:
áõñÇßÇ ¹³ßïáõÙ ¿. (μ³ó³Ï³) He is ~ ܳ axis [΄æksis] n ³é³Ýóù, ÉÇë»é:
ï³ÝÁ ã¿/ï»ÕáõÙ ã¿. right ~ Ñ»Ýó ÑÇÙ³, ³Ý- axle [΄æksl] n ï»Ë. ³é³Ýóù, ëéݳÏ:
ÙÇç³å»ë. The water has boiled ~ æáõñÁ ÉñÇí axle-tree [΄æksltri:] n ³ÝíÇ ëéݳÏ, ³-
·áÉáñßdzó»É ¿. The sound has died ~ ²ÕÙáõÏÁ é³Ýóù:
¹³¹³ñ»É ¿. chat ~ for hours ųٻñáí ß³- aye [ai] adv ËëÏó. ³Ûá (¹ñ³Ï³Ý å³ï³ë-
Õ³Ïñ³ï»É. pass ~ ٳѳݳÉ. work ~ ß³ñáõ- ˳Ý) the ~s and noes ûñ ¨ ¹»Ù Ó³ÛÝ»ñ. The
Ý³Ï»É ³ß˳ï»É. far/out and ~ ³Ýѳٻ- ~s have it ػͳٳëÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÏáÕÙ ¿:
Ù³ï, ß³ï ³í»ÉÇ: azimuth [΄æziməθ] n ³½ÇÙáõï:
awe [ɔ:] n ³ÏݳͳÝù, »ñÏÛáõÕ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. azote [ə΄zəut] n ùÇÙ. ³½áï, μáñ³Ï³ÍÇÝ:
stand in ~ of »ñÏÛáõÕ»É, ³ÏݳͻÉ. hold smn in azure [΄æзə] a, n μ³ó ϳåáõÛï, ɳ½áõñ.
~ ËáñÇÝ å³ïϳé³Ýù ï³Í»É áñ¨¿ Ù»ÏÇ μÝëï. »ñÏÇÝù:
ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ:
76

B
B, b [bi:] n ³Ý·É»ñ»Ý ³Ûμáõμ»ÝÇ »ñÏñáñ¹ Ý»É. behind one’s ~ Ù»çùÇ Ñ»ï¨Çó, ÃÇÏáõÝ-
ï³éÁ. »ñÅß. ëÇ Ó³ÛݳÝÇßÁ/Ýáï³Ý: ùáõÙ. talk behind people’s ~ Ñ»ï¨Çó Ëáë»É.
babble [΄bæbl] n ÃáÃáí³Ýù. ¹³ï³ñϳËá- (áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ h»ï¨Ç Ù³ëÁ) ~ of the chair
ëáõÃÛáõÝ. (çñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ) ϳñϳãÛáõÝ, ùãùãáó: ³ÃáéÇ Ù»çùÁ. ~ of the head ÍáÍñ³Ï. ~ of the
babble [΄bæbl] v ÃáÃáí»É, ß³Õ³Ïñ³ï»É. ~ a book ·ñùÇ Ï³½ÙÁ. sign on the ~ ëïáñ³·ñ»É
secret ·³ÕïÝÇùÝ»ñ ¹áõñë ï³É. (çñÇ Ù³- Ñ»ï¨Ç ÏáÕÙáõÙ. at the ~ of the stage μ»ÙÇ
ëÇÝ) ϳñϳã»É, ùãùã³É: Ñ»ï¨áõÙ. the ~ of the knife ¹³Ý³ÏÇ μáõÃ
babbler [΄bæblə] n ß³ï³Ëáë, ß³Õ³Ïñ³ï: ÏáÕÙÁ. the ~ of the hand Ó»éùÇ »ñ»ëÁ. stab
babe [beib] n μÝëï. Ù³ÝÏÇÏ »ñ»Ë³. ~s and smb in the ~ Ù»çùÇó ¹³Ý³Ï Ëñ»É. pat smb on
sucklings ¹Ûáõñ³Ñ³í³ï/å³ñ½³ÙÇï/³Ý- the ~ Ù»çùÇÝ Ã»Ã¨³ÏÇ/ÁÝÏ»ñ³μ³ñ Ë÷»É. at
÷áñÓ Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ. ~s in the wood: the ~ of one’s mind »Ýó·Çï³Ïó³μ³ñ.
baby [΄beibi] n Ù³ÝÏÇÏ, ÏñÍùÇ »ñ»Ë³. He is break the ~ of a job ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ Ù»Í Ù³ëÝ
just a big ~ ܳ å³ñ½³å»ë Ù»Í »ñ»Ë³ ¿: ³Ý»É. ËëÏó. ·áñÍÇ Ù»çùÁ Ïáïñ»É. What’s at
baby [΄beibi] a ÷áùñÇÏ. a ~ boy/girl ÷áùñÇÏ the ~ of it? ¸ñ³ Ñ»ï¨áõ٠DZÝã ¿ óùÝí³Í:
ïÕ³/ ³ÕçݳÏ. ~‘s formula Ù³ÝÏ³Ï³Ý back [bæk] a Ñ»ï¨Ç, »ï¨Ç. ~ door/entrance
ëÝݹ³ñ³ñ Ï»ñ. plead the ~ act å³ï³ë˳- h»ïݳ¹áõé, h»ïݳÙáõïù. the ~ rows
ݳïíáõÃÛáõÝÇó Ëáõë³÷»É. play the ~ »ñ»- h»ï¨Ç ß³ñù»ñÁ. the ~ wheel h»ï¨Ç ³ÏÁ. ~
˳ÛáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É. ~ elephant ÷ÕÇÏ. ~ bird street h»ï ÁÝÏ³Í ÷áÕáó. ~ tooth ë»Õ³Ý-
ÃéãÝÇ Ó³·. ~ grand áã Ù»Í éáÛ³É/¹³ß- ³ï³Ù. é½Ù. ~ areas ÃÇÏáõÝù. (ųÙÏ»ï³Ýó)
ݳÙáõñ. ~ car ÷áùñ³ÉÇïñ³Å Ù»ù»Ý³£ ~ payment/salary ųÙÏ»ï³Ýó í׳ñáõÙ/³ß-
babyhood [΄beibihud] n í³Õ Ù³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ˳ï³í³ñÓ (Ñݳó³Í) ~ number (ûñÃÇ,
Ù³ÝÏ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ë³Ï: ³Ùë³·ñÇ) ÑÇÝ Ñ³Ù³ñ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~-end Ý»ñ-
babyish [΄beibii∫] a »ñ»Ë³Û³Ï³Ý, Ù³Ýϳ- ùÇÝ, »Éù³ÛÇÝ. ~ face ³Ýï»ë³Ý»ÉÇ Ù³Ï»ñ»ë.
ϳÝ. ~ behaviour »ñ»Ë³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ. Don’t be so ~-face removal ³Ýï»ë³Ý»ÉÇ Ù³Ï»ñ»ëÇ
~ ì»ñç ïáõñ »ñ»Ë³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñǹ: Ñ»é³óáõÙ:
babymoon [΄beibimu:n] n ËëÏó. »ñÏñÇ back [bæk] adv Ñ»ï. run ~ Ñ»ï í³½»É. come
³ñÑ»ëï³Ï³Ý ³ñμ³ÝÛ³Ï: ~ í»ñ³¹³éݳÉ. there and ~ ·Ý³É-·³Éáí. ~
baby-sitter [΄beibisitə] n »ñ»Ë³å³Ñ: and forth Ñ»ï áõ ³é³ç. (just) ~ from Paris
baby-talk [΄beibitɔ:k] n ÷Ëμ. Ù³ÝϳϳÝ, (Ñ»Ýó Ýáñ ) ö³ñǽÇó í»ñ³¹³ñÓ³Í. I’ll be
ÃáÃáí³Ýù: ~ in a minute ØÇ ñáå»Çó Ïí»ñ³¹³éݳÙ. ~
bacalaureate [‚bækə΄lɔ:rit] n μ³Ï³- from the road ׳ݳå³ñÑÇó Ñ»éáõ (ÁÝϳÍ) a
ɳíñdzï: few years ~ ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ ï³ñÇ ³é³ç. as far ~ as
bachelor [΄bæt∫ələ] n ³ÙáõñÇ ïÕ³Ù³ñ¹. ~‘s in 1994 ¹»é¨ë 1994 Ã. go ~ from one’s word
degree μ³Ï³É³íñÇ ³ëïÇ׳Ý. (BA ) ~ of arts ³ë³ÍÇó h»ï ϳݷݻÉ/ãϳï³ñ»É Keep ~ !
ÑáõÙ³ÝÇï³ñ ·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ μ³Ï³É³íñ âÙáï»Ý³°ë:
(BC ) ~ of science ×ß·ñÇï ·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ back [bæk] v ³ç³Ïó»É, û·Ý»É, Ý»óáõÏ ÉÇÝ»É.
μ³Ï³É³íñ: ~ a plan/proposal ݳ˳·ÇÍ/³é³ç³ñÏáõ-
back [bæk] n Ù»çù, ÃÇÏáõÝù a pain in the ~ ÃÛáõÝ å³ßïå³Ý»É. ~ a business/project/exhi-
Ù»çùÇ/·áïϳï»ÕÇ ó³í the small of the ~ bition ýÇݳÝë³íáñ»É óáõó³Ñ³Ý¹»ëÁ.
·áïϳï»Õ. lie on one’s ~ Ù»çùÇ íñ³ å³é- ³ç³Ïó»É μǽݻëÇÝ/Íñ³·ñÇÝ. ~ a friend ÁÝ-
Ï»É. stand ~ to ~ Ù»çù-Ù»çùÇ ïí³Í ϳݷݻÉ. Ï»ñáçÁ ë³ï³ñ»É. (Ñ»ï ï³É/ß³ñÅ»É) ~ the
with one’s ~ to the window Ù»çùáí ¹»åÇ å³- car Ù»ù»Ý³Ý Ñ»ï ï³É/ß³ñÅ»É. ~ a horse 1.
ïáõѳÝÁ. turn one’s ~ upon a person (Ù»ÏÇó) ÓÇ Ñ»ÍÝ»É, ÓÇáí ·Ý³É. 2. ÓÇáõÝ (í³ñÅ»ó-
»ñ»ë ¹³ñÓÝ»É, Éù»É. give one the ~ ³Ýï»ë»É, Ý»É). 3. ÓÇáõ íñ³ ·ñ³½ ·³É. ~ away from
³ñѳٳñÑ»É. fall on one’s ~ Ù»çùÇ íñ³ ÁÝÏ- smb ÁÝÏñÏ»É, Ù»ÏÇó h»ï ·Ý³É. ~ down/ out
backbencher 77 backward

Ñ»ï ϳݷݻÉ, Ññ³Å³ñí»É. ~ out ËáõÛë ï³É ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ѳí³ù»É. against a dark ~ Ùáõ· ýá-
~ up å³ßïå³Ý»É. ~ to the wrong horse Çñ ÝÇ íñ³. against the ~ of these events Çñ³¹³ñ-
ѳßÇíÝ»ñáõÙ ë˳Éí»É, ëË³É ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝ ÓáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ýáÝÇ íñ³. stay in the ~
ϳï³ñ»É. (ë³ÑٳݳÏÇó ÉÇÝ»É) Our garden ëïí»ñáõÙ ÙݳÉ. one’s educational ~ ÏñÃáõ-
~s theirs Ø»ñ ³Û·ÇÝ ë³ÑٳݳÏÇó ¿ Ýñ³Ýó ÃÛáõÝÁ, ÇÝã ÏñÃáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ ëï³ó»É. What is his
³Û·áõ Ñ»ï: ~? ƱÝã ͳ·áõÙ áõÝÇ:
backbencher [‚bæk΄bent∫ə] n å³éɳٻÝïÇ backhand [΄bækhænd] n, a (ûÝÇë) ѳrí³Í
ß³ñù³ÛÇÝ/³Ýå³ßïáÝ å³ï·³Ù³íáñ: Ó³Ë ÏáÕÙÇó. Ï»ÕÍ, »ñϹÇÙÇ. a ~ed compli-
backbite [΄bækbait] v μ³Ùμ³ë»É, ã³ñ³Ëá- ment ϳëϳͻÉÇ ÏáÙåÉÇÙ»Ýï/ѳ×áÛ³Ëá-
ë»É: ëáõÃÛáõÝ:
backbiter [΄bækbaitə] n ã³ñ³ËáëáÕ, backing [΄bækiŋ] n ³ç³ÏóáõÙ, ë³ï³ñáõÙ,
½ñå³ñïÇã: ûųݹ³ÏáõÙ. ³ëï³é:
backbone [΄bækbəun] n áÕݳ߳ñ. ÷Ëμ. backlash [΄bæklæ∫] n ùÕù. ³Ýμ³ñ»Ýå³ëï
ÑÇÙù, áõÕÝ áõ ÍáõÍÁ. ~ of the country »ñÏñÇ ³ñÓ³·³Ýù:
ÑÇÙùÁ. to the ~ ÙÇÝ㨠áõÕÝ áõ ÍáõÍÁ, ³ÙμáÕç backlog [΄bæklɒg] n ïÝï. å³ñïù. ãϳ-
¿áõÃÛ³Ùμ. have got no ~ ³ÝáÕݳ߳ñ ÉÇÝ»É. ï³ñí³Í å³ñï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. ~ of rent
ÑÙÏñ·. ~ network μ³½³ÛÇÝ/ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý due μݳÏí³ñÓÇ å³ñïù:
ó³Ýó: backmost [΄bækməust] a ³Ù»Ý³Ñ»ïÇÝ:
backbreaking [΄bæk‚breikiŋ] a ÑÛáõÍÇã, backpay [΄bækpei] n ųÙÏ»ï³Ýó í׳ñáõÙ:
ÑÛáõÍáÕ. ~ labour ͳÝñ/ï³Å³Ý³ÏÇñ ³ß- backroom [΄bækru:m] n ɳμáñ³ïáñdz.
˳ï³Ýù: ËëÏó. ·³ÕïÝÇ μ³ÅÇÝ. ~ boys ·³ÕïÝÇ
backchat [΄bækt∫æt] n ËëÏó. ˳ÛÃáÕ å³- ·Çï³ß˳ï³Ýù ϳï³ñáÕ Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ:
ï³ë˳Ý. É»½í³ÏéÇí. I don’t want any~ à°ã backseat [‚bæk΄si:t] n Ñ»ï¨Ç ï»Õ»ñ. ÷Ëμ.
ÙÇ ÏéÇí: »ñÏñáñ¹³Ï³Ý ¹»ñ. a ~ driver óáõóáõÙÝ»ñ
backcloth [΄bækklɒt] n óïñ. Ñ»ï¨Ç í³- ïíáÕ áõÕ¨áñ:
ñ³·áõÛñ, ¿Ïñ³Ý: backside [΄bæksaid] n Ñ»ï¨Ç ÏáÕÙÁ, Ñ»-
back-country [΄bæk‚kΛntri] n »ñÏñÇ Ñ»é³- ïáõÛù:
íáñ ßñç³ÝÝ»ñ. é½Ù. ËáñÁ ÃÇÏáõÝù: back-slapping [΄bæk‚slæpiŋ] n Ù»çùÇÝ
backdate [΄bækdeit] v Ñ»ïÇÝ Ãíáí ûè Ë÷»É. ÷Ëμ. Ùï»ñÙÇÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳë³-
Ýß»É/Ó¨³Ï»ñå»É. ~ a letter ݳٳÏÁ Ñ»ïÇÝ ñ³Ï í³ñí»É³Ï»ñå. I hate all this ~ î³Ý»É
Ãíáí Ó¨³Ï»ñå»É: ã»Ù ϳñáÕ ³Û¹ ѳë³ñ³Ï í³ñí»É³Ï»ñåÁ:
back-door [΄bækdɔ:] 1. n Ñ»ïݳÙáõïù, backslider [΄bækslaidə] n áõñ³óáÕ, áõË-
Ñ»ïݳ¹áõé. 2. a ·³ÕïÝÇ, ͳÍáõÏ: ï³¹ñáõÅ:
back-end [‚bæk΄end] n áõß ³ßáõÝ: backspace [΄bækspeis] n ÑÙÏñ·. ѻﹳñÓ:
backer [΄bækə] n Ñáí³Ý³íáñáÕ, ë³ï³ñáÕ: backstage [‚bæk΄steidз] n, a μ»ÙÇ Ñ»ï¨Á,
backfire [‚bæk΄faiə] n ѳÏÁݹ¹»Ù Ññ¹»Ñ: ÏáõÉÇëÝ»ñ. a ~ talk ÏáõÉÇë³ÛÇÝ μ³Ý³Ïóáõ-
back-formation [΄bækfɔ:‚mei∫n] n É»½í. ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. go ~ μ»ÙÇ Ñ»ï¨Á ·Ý³É:
ѻﳹ³ñÓ μ³é³Ï³½ÙáõÃÛáõÝ: backstairs [‚bæk΄steəz] n Ñ»ïݳë³Ý¹áõÕù.
backgammon [΄bækgæmən] n ïñÇÏ-ïñ³Ï ÷Ëμ. ·³ÕïÝÇ, ¹³í³¹ñ³Ï³Ý:
(ë»Õ³ÝÇ Ë³Õ ), ݳñ¹Ç: backstroke [΄bækstrəuk] n Ùñ½. ÉáÕ Ù»çùÇ
background [΄bækgraund] n ͳ·áõÙ, íñ³, Ù»çù³ÉáÕ. use ~ Ù»çùÇ íñ³ ÉáÕ ï³É:
³ÝóÛ³É, ³ÏáõÝùÝ»ñ. Ñ»ïÇÝ åɳÝ, ýáÝ. back-talk [΄bæktɔ:k] n ѳݹáõ·Ý/ÏáåÇï
ÑÇÙù. cultural ~ Ùß³ÏáõóÛÇÝ ³ÏáõÝùÝ»ñ. å³ï³ë˳Ý:
historical ~ å³ïÙ³Ï³Ý ÑÇÙù»ñ. personal ~ backup [΄bækΛp] n ÑÙÏñ·. å³Ñ»ëï³íá-
ÇÝùݳϻÝë³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ of a question ѳñ- ñáõÙ. ~ copy/device/program å³Ñ»ëï³ÛÇÝ
óÇ å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝÁ. ~ information ϳñ¨áñ/ å³ï×»Ý/ë³ñù/Íñ³·Çñ:
ÑÇÙݳñ³ñ ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ music/noise backward [΄bækwəd] adv, a Ñ»ï, ¹»åÇ
»ñ³ÅßïáõÃÛáõÝ/³ÕÙáõÏ Ñ»ïÇÝ åɳÝáõÙ. Ñ»ï. ѻﳹ³ñÓ. ã½³ñ·³ó³Í, Ñ»ï³-
look up at smb’s ~ Ù»ÏÇ Ù³ëÇÝ ï»Õ»Ïáõ- Ùݳó. give ~ glance Ñ»ï ݳۻÉ. a ~ step ÙÇ
backwards 78 bagger

ù³ÛÉ h»ï. a ~ child ûñ½³ñ·³ó³Í »ñ»Ë³. ÏáñͳÝí»É, ×Çßï ׳ݳå³ñÑÇó ß»Õí»É:


~ areas Ñ»ï³Ùݳó ßñç³ÝÝ»ñ. ~ countries badge [bædз] n ÏñÍù³Ýß³Ý, ËáñÑñ¹³Ýß³Ý:
ûñ½³ñ·³ó³Í »ñÏñÝ»ñ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ reference badger [΄bædзə] n ϻݹ. ·áñßáõÏ, ÷áñëáõÕ:
ѻﳹ³ñÓ ÑÕáõÙ. ~ compatible ѻﳹ³ñÓ badger [΄bædзə] v Ñ»ï³åݹ»É, ѳɳͻÉ.
ѳٳï»Õ»ÉÇ: Ñá·ÇÝ Ñ³Ý»É. ~ with questions Ó³ÝÓñ³óÝ»-
backwards [΄bækwədz] adv Ñ»ï. go~ and Éáõ ã³÷ ѳñó»ñ ï³É:
forwards Ñ»ï áõ ³é³ç ·Ý³É. fall ~ ¹»åÇ badly [΄bædli] adv í³ï. The dress fits ~ г-
Ñ»ï ÁÝÏÝ»É. walk/move ~ Ñ»ï-Ñ»ï ·Ý³É. ·áõëïÁ í³ï ¿ ÝëïáõÙ. ~ brought up í³ï
know a road ~ ׳ݳå³ñÑÁ ß³ï ɳí ÇÙ³- ¹³ëïdzñ³Ïí³Í. (áõÅ·ÇÝ, ËÇëï, ë³ë-
Ý³É (μáÉáñ áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí). (ѳϳé³Ï ïÇÏ) ~ wounded ͳÝñ íÇñ³íáñí³Í. ~ frigh-
áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ, í»ñçÇó ëÏǽμ) say the alphabet tened ß³ï/ËÇëï í³Ë»ó³Í. sleep ~ í³ï
~ ³Ûμáõμ»ÝÁ í»ñçÇó ³ë»É: ùÝ»É. want smth ~ áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ ËÇëï ϳñÇù
backwater [΄bækwɔ:tə] n ·»ï³Ëáñß: áõݻݳÉ. be ~ off ͳÝñ íÇ׳ÏÇ/ϳñÇùÇ Ù»ç
backwoods [΄bækwudz] n pl ³Ýï³éÇ Ëáñ- ÉÇÝ»É. react ~ ÑÇí³Ý¹³·ÇÝ Ó¨áí ÁÝϳɻÉ.
ùÁ: be ~ beaten ˳Ûï³é³Ï Ó¨áí ï³ñí»É:
bacon [΄beikən] n Ëá½Ç ³åËï³Í ÙÇë, μ»- badminton [΄bædmintən] n μ³¹ÙÇÝïáÝ:
ÏáÝ. slice ~ μ»ÏáÝÁ μ³ñ³Ï ß»ñïáí Ïïñï»É bad-tempered [‚bæd΄tempəd] a ¹Ûáõñ³-
save one’s ~ ϳßÇÝ/Ù³ßÏÁ ÷ñÏ»É: ·ñ·Çé, çÕ³ÛÇÝ:
bacteria [bæk΄tiəriə] pl Ù³Ýñ¿, μ³Ïï»ñdz: baffle [΄bæfl] v ï³ñ³Ïáõë³ÝùÇ Ù»ç ·ó»É,
bacteriological [bæk‚tiəriə΄lɒdзikl] a Ù³Ý- ÙáÉáñ»óÝ»É. be ~ ÉñÇí ï³ñ³Ïáõë³ÝùÇ Ù»ç
ñ¿³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý, μ³Ïï»ñÇáÉá·Ç³Ï³Ý: ÉÇÝ»É. Íñ³·ñ»ñÁ ˳÷³Ý»É. ~ pursuit Ëáõ-
bacteriologist [bæk‚tiəri΄ɒlədзist] n Ù³Ý- ë³÷»É Ñ»ï³åݹáõÙÇó. ~ all discription ³Ý-
ñ¿³μ³Ý, μ³Ïï»ñÇáÉá·: Ýϳñ³·ñ»ÉÇ ÉÇÝ»É. ~ing winds ³Ýμ³ñ»-
bacteriology [bæk‚tiəri΄ɒlədзi] n Ù³Ýñ¿³- Ýå³ëï. ÷á÷áË³Ï³Ý ù³ÙÇ:
μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, μ³Ïï»ñÇáÉá·Ç³: bag [bæg] n å³ñÏ, ïáåñ³Ï, å³Ûáõë³Ï. tra-
bacterium [bæk΄tiəriəm] n μ³Ïï»ñdz, velling ~ ׳ÙåñáõÏ. shoulder ~ áõë³å³ñÏ.
ÙÇÏñáμ, Ù³Ýñ¿: shopping/beach ~ ·ÝáõÙÝ»ñÇ/ÉáÕ³÷ÝÛ³ å³-
bad [bæd] 1. a (worse, worst) í³ï, Ûáõë³Ï. evening ~ óï»ñ³Ï³Ý/»ñ»ÏáÛ³Ý
³ñ³ï³íáñ. ³Ýå»ïù, ³Ýáñ³Ï. ~ name å³Ûáõë³Ï. paper/plastic ~ ÃÕû/ó»Éáý³Ý»
í³ï ѳÙμ³í. ~ coin Ï»ÕÍ ¹ñ³Ù. ~ language ïáåñ³Ï. string/nylon ~ ó³Ýó³å³ñÏ
ѳÛÑáÛ³Ýù. ~ luck ³ÝѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ man- (ÙûñùÝ»ñÇ). the ~ áñëáñ¹Ç å³Ûáõë³Ï.
ners ³ÝÏÇñà í³ñí»É³Ï»ñå. ~ news í³ï make the ~ ѳçáÕ áñë ³Ý»É. diplomatic ~ ¹Ç-
Éáõñ. ~ debt ÷Ëμ. ³ÝÑáõë³ÉÇ å³ñïù. ~ í³Ý³·Çï³Ï³Ý ÷áëï. sleeping ~ ùݳ-
faith ³Ýμ³ñÛ³ó³Ï³ÙáõÃÛáõÝ. (÷ã³ó³Í, å³ñÏ. ËëÏó. í³ñïÇù, (ݳ¨ª a pair of ~s). ~
í³ïáñ³Ï) go ~ ÷ã³Ý³É, Ñáï»É. ~ and baggage áõÝ»ó³Í-ãáõÝ»ó³ÍÁ. ~ of bones
apple/meat ÷ã³ó³Í ËÝÓáñ. Ñáï³Í ÙÇë. a ~ áëÏáñ áõ ϳßÇ, ë³ëïÇÏ ÝÇѳñ. ~s under the
tooth ÷ã³ó³Í ³ï³Ù. It is ~ for you ø»½ eyes å³ñÏÇÏÝ»ñ ³ãù»ñÇ ï³Ï. have ~s of
íÝ³ë ¿. (ÑÇí³Ý¹, áõÅ»Õ ó³í) ~ leg/finger time ß³ï Å³Ù³Ý³Ï áõݻݳÉ. in the ~ ËëÏó.
ÑÇí³Ý¹ áïù/Ù³ï. ~ cold/cough áõÅ»Õ ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã É³í ¿, ɳí ÏÉÇÝÇ. ~ of wind ËëÏó.
Ùñë³Í, í³ï/áõÅ»Õ Ñ³½. ~ mistake ÏáåÇï/ ¹³ï³ñϳËáë. ~ of tricks Ñݳñ³Ùïáõ-
Éáõñç ë˳É. feel ~ í³ï ½·³É. look ~ ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ, Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. pack one’s
ÑÇí³Ý¹ ï»ëù áõݻݳÉ. be in a ~ way ~ ׳ÙåñáõÏÁ ¹³ë³íáñ»É. ÑÙÏñ·. ÏñÏÝíáÕ
·áñÍ»ñÁ í³ï ÉÇÝ»É. in a ~ temper í³ï ¿É»Ù»ÝïÝ»ñáí μ³½ÙáõÃÛáõÝ:
ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç. have a ~ fall ÁÝÏ- bagatelle [‚bægə΄tel] n ãÝãÇÝ/³ÝÝß³Ý μ³Ý:
Ý»Éáõó áõÅ»Õ íݳëí³Íù ëï³Ý³É. ~ debt bagful [΄bægful] n ÙÇ ÉÇùÁ ïáåñ³Ï:
³ÝÑáõÛë å³ñïù. n ³ÝѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, íݳë. baggage [΄bægidз] n áõÕ»μ»é. é½Ù. ·áõÙ³Ï.
take the good with the ~ ѳí³ë³ñ ÁݹáõÝ»É ~ room å³Ñ³ë»ÝÛ³Ï. silly ~ ËëÏó. ÑÇÙ³ñ
ɳíÝ áõ í³ïÁ. go from ~ to worse ³í»ÉÇ ÏÇÝ. sly/saucy ~ ëáõïÉÇÏ/ã³ñ³××Ç ÏÇÝ:
í³ï íÇ׳ÏÇ Ù»ç ÁÝÏÝ»É. go to the ~ bagger [΄bægə] n ÑáÕ³Ñ³Ý Ù»ù»Ý³:
baggy 79 balk

baggy [΄bægi] a å³ñϳÝÙ³Ý, ß³ï ɳÛÝ. ~ ticket (ÁÝïñáõÃ.) ѳí³ë³ñ³Ïßéí³Í óáõ-


trousers å³ñϳÝÙ³Ý ï³μ³ï: ó³Ï:
bagpipe [΄bægpaip] n »ñÅß. å³ñϳå½áõÏ: balance [΄bæləns] v (ß³ñÅí»Éáí) ѳí³ë³-
bail I [beil] n »ñ³ßËÇù, »ñ³ß˳íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. ñ³ÏßéáõÃÛáõÝÁ å³Ñå³Ý»É. ~ on one foot/a
¹ñ³Ù³Ï³Ý ·ñ³í³Ï³Ý, ·ñ³í³·ÇÝ. go ~ rope ÙÇ áïùÇ/å³ñ³ÝÇ íñ³ ѳí³ë³ñ³-
for smb »ñ³ß˳íáñ ϳݷݻÉ/ÉÇÝ»É. ·ñ³- ÏßéáõÃÛáõÝÁ å³Ñå³Ý»É. ~ the basket on the
í³·ÇÝ í׳ñ»É (Ù»ÏÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ). let smb out/on head ½³ÙμÛáõÕÁ ·ÉËÇ íñ³ ï³Ý»É. ~ an ac-
~ »ñ³ß˳íáñáõÃÛ³Ùμ/·ñ³íáí ³ñӳϻÉ/ count ýÇÝ. ѳßÇíÝ»ñÝ ³Ù÷á÷»É. Accounts
³½³ï»É: don’t ~ гßÇíÝ»ñÁ ã»Ý ѳٳå³ï³ë˳-
bail II [beil] n û۳ٳÝÇ/¹áõÛÉÇ μéݳÏ/ϳÝÃ: ÝáõÙ:
bail [beil] v Çñ³í. »ñ³ß˳íáñ»É. ~ out balance-bridge [΄bæləns‚bridз] n μ³ñÓ-
ëݳÝϳóáõÙÇó ÷ñÏ»É: ñ³óíáÕ Ï³Ùáõñç:
bailee [‚bei΄li:] n å³Ñ³éáõ, ·ñ³í³éáõ: balanced [΄bælənst] a Ïßé³¹³ïí³Í, ѳ-
bailiff [΄beilif] n ϳÉí³ÍùÇ Ï³é³í³ñÇã. í³ë³ñ³Ïßéí³Í a ~ judgement Ùï³Íí³Í
Çñ³í. ¹³ï³Ï³Ý ϳï³ñ³Íáõ: ¹³ïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ diet μ³É³Ýë³íáñí³Í
bailment [΄beilmənt] n Çñ³í. å³Ñ³- ¹Ç»ï³/ëÝݹ³Ï³ñ·:
ïíáõÃÛáõÝ: balance-sheet [΄bæləns∫i:t] n μ³É³Ýë,
bait [beit] n ˳ÛÍ. ÷Ëμ. ·³ÛóÏÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳßí»ÏßÇé:
Ññ³åáõñ³Ýù. jump at /rise to/swallow the ~ balcony [΄bælkəni] n å³ïß·³Ùμ. óïñ.
óϳñ¹Á/ÍáõÕ³ÏÝ ÁÝÏÝ»É: μ³ÉÏáÝ:
bait [beit] v ˳ÛÍ»É. ÷Ëμ. Ñ³É³Í»É (ݳ¨ª bald [bɔ:ld] a ׳ճï, ù³ã³É. a ~ patch ׳-
ßÝ»ñáí) ~ a hook ˳ÛÍ ¹Ý»É: Õ³ïáõÃÛáõÝ. go/grow ~ ׳ճï³Ý³É, ù³-
baize [beiz] n μñ¹» ÷³÷áõÏ ·áñÍí³Íù, ã³É³Ý³É. as ~ as an egg μáÉáñáíÇÝ/ÉñÇí ׳-
μ³Ûϳ: Õ³ï. (Ù»ñÏ, ÷»ïñ³½áõñÏ, Ù³½³½áõñÏ) ~
bake [beik] v ÃË»É. ~ bread/ a cake ѳó/ tree ï»ñ¨³½áõñÏ Í³é. ~ hills μáõë³Ï³-
ÃËí³Íù ÃË»É. (ÃñÍ»É) ~ bricks ³ÕÛáõëÁ ÝáõÃÛáõÝÇó ½áõñÏ/Ù»ñÏ μÉáõñÝ»ñ. ~ facts
ÃñÍ»É. (³ñ¨³Ï»½ ÉÇÝ»É) ~ in the sun ³ñ¨ÇÝ μ³ó³Ñ³Ûï ÷³ëï»ñ:
å³éÏ»É, ³ñ¨³í³é ÉÇÝ»É. baking hot »÷áÕ baldachin [΄bɔ:ldəkin] n ³ÙåÑáí³ÝÇ:
ßá·. baking soda Ï»ñ³ÏñÇ ëá¹³: balderdash [΄bɔ:ldədæ∫] n μ³ñμ³ç³Ýù:
baker [΄beikə] n ѳóÃáõË, ѳó³·áñÍ, ѳ- bald-headed [‚bɔ:ld΄hedid] 1. a ׳ճï,
ó³í³×³é: ù³ã³É. 2. adv ˻ɳóÝáñ, ³ÝËáÑ»Ù. go ~
baker-legged [‚beikə΄legd] a Íáõéáï³ÝÇ: ³ÝËáѻٳμ³ñ ·áñÍ»É:
bakery [΄beikəri] n ѳóÇ ÷áõé/˳ÝáõÃ: baldly [΄bɔ:ldli] adv μ³ó³Ñ³Ûï, å³ñ½áñ»Ý.
bakeshop [΄beik∫ɔp] n ѳóÇ Ë³ÝáõÃ: put it ~ »ñ»ëÇÝ/³é³Ýó ù³ßí»Éáõ ³ë»É.
balance [΄bæləns] n ѳí³ë³ñ³ÏßéáõÃÛáõÝ. (ËÕ×áõÏ) The room was ~ furnished ê»ÝÛ³ÏÁ
~ of forces/power ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý áõÅ»ñÇ Ñ³- ËÕ×áõÏ ¿ñ ϳѳíáñí³Í:
í³ë³ñ³ÏßéáõÃÛáõÝ. keep one’s ~ ѳí³ë³- bale [beil] n Ñ³Ï (³åñ³ÝùÇ) a ~ of cotton
ñ³ÏßéáõÃÛáõÝÁ å³Ñå³Ý»É. ÷Ëμ. Çñ»Ý μ³Ùμ³ÏÇ Ñ³Ï, ÙÇ Ñ³Ï μ³Ùμ³Ï. ~s ³å-
ѳݷÇëï å³Ñ»É. lose one’s ~ ѳí³ë³ñ³- ñ³Ýù:
ÏßéáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÏáñóÝ»É. ÷Ëμ. Çñ»ÝÇó ¹áõñë bale [beil] v Ñ³Ï ßÇÝ»É, ¹³ñë»É-¹Ý»É. ~ out of
·³É. (Ïß»éù) quick ~ μ»½Ù»Ý. ÷Ëμ. weigh a plane ³í. ÇÝùݳÃÇéÇó å³ñ³ßÛáõïáí
smth in the ~ ËáñÑ»É, Ïßé³¹³ï»É. ýÇÝ. ѳß- ¹áõñë ó³ïÏ»É:
í»ÏßÇé favourable/anfavourable ~ μ³ñ»- baleen [bə΄li:n] n Ï»ïáëÏñ:
Ýå³ëï/³Ýμ³ñ»Ýå³ëï μ³É³Ýë active/pas- balefire [΄beil‚faiə] n ³½¹³Ýß³ÝÇ Ïñ³Ï/
sive ~ ³ÏïÇí/å³ëÇí μ³É³Ýë. strike a ~ ѳ- ˳ñáõÛÏ:
ßÇíÝ»ñÝ ³Ù÷á÷»É. ~ in hand ³éÓ»éÝ/ ϳÝ- baleful [΄beilfl] a Ïáñͳݳñ³ñ, Ùé³ÛÉ. ~
ËÇÏ ¹ñ³Ù. ~ sheet ѳßí»ÏßÇé. hold the ~ look ã³ñ ѳ۳óù:
ϳñ·³¹ñ»É, Ññ³Ù³ÝÝ»ñ ³ñӳϻÉ. on/upon balk [bɔ:k] n ѻͳÝ, ù³é³ï³ß ·»ñ³Ý. Íáí.
~ (ûñ áõ ¹»Ù ÏáÕÙ»ñÁ) Ïßé³¹³ï»Éáí. ~ ݳí³Ñ»Í³Ý. the ~s Ó»ÕݳѳñÏ. (ËáãÁÝ-
balk 80 ban

¹áï, ³ñ·»Éù) meet with a ~ ³ÝѳçáÕáõÃÛ³Ý μ³Ý³Ï³Ý. ~ rocket μ³ÉÇëïÇÏ³Ï³Ý ÑñÃÇé.


Ù³ïÝí»É, å³ñïí»É. make a ~ of good ground ~ guided missile μ³ÉÇëïÇÏáñ»Ý ջϳí³ñ-
ѳñÙ³ñ ³éÇÃÁ μ³ó ÃáÕÝ»É: íáÕ é»³ÏïÇí ½»Ýù:
balk [bɔ:k] v ³ñ·»Éù ÉÇÝ»É, ˳ݷ³ñ»É. ~ ballistics [bə΄listiks] n pl μ³ÉÇëïÇϳ,
smb’s plans åɳÝÝ»ñÇÝ Ë³Ý·³ñ»É. ÑáõÛë»- Ó·³μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
ñÁ ã³ñ³¹³ñ³óÝ»É be ~ed in one’s desires balloon [bə΄lu:n] n û¹³å³ñÇÏ. blow a ~ up
ÑáõÛë»ñÁ ã³ñ¹³ñ³Ý³É. Her husband ~ed at û¹³å³ñÇÏÁ ÷ã»É. barrage ~ ÷³Ïáó³ÛÇÝ
the price ²ÙáõëÇÝÁ ѳϳé³Ïí»ó Éë»Éáí û¹³å³ñÇÏ. trial ~ ÷Ëμ. ÷áñÓ³ù³ÛÉ:
·ÇÝÁ. The horse ~ed at the jump/leap ÒÇÝ ballot [΄bælət] n ùí»³ñÏáõÙ, ùí»³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ,
ëÏë»ó ѳٳé»É ó³ïÏÇó ³é³ç: ùí»³Ã»ñ+ÃÇÏ. elect/vote by ~ ùí»³ñÏ»É.
ball I [bɔ:l] n ·áõݹ, ·Ý¹³Ï. snow~ Óݳ- take a ~ ùí»³ñÏ»É Australian/secret ~
·áõݹ. meat ~ ÏáÉáɳÏ. (ѳñí³Í ·Ý¹³Ïáí) ·³ÕïÝÇ ùí»³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ~-box ùí»³ïáõ÷.
a good ~ ß»ßï³ÏÇ Ñ³ñí³Í. ~ of wood/string ~-paper ùí»³Ã»ñÃÇÏ, ùí»³Ã»ñÃ. take a ~ on
μñ¹Ç/ å³ñ³ÝÇ ÏÍÇÏ. tennis ~ ûÝÇëÇ smth ùí»³ñÏáõÃÛ³Ý ¹Ý»É. (íÇ׳ϳѳÝáõ-
·Ý¹³Ï. the ~ of the eye ³ãùÇ ËÝÓáñ. the ~ of ÃÛáõÝ) a ~ for the remaining tickets íÇ׳ϳ-
the foot áïݳóÃÇ μ³ñÓÇÏ. the ~ of the knee ѳÝáõÃÛáõÝ Ùݳó³Í ïáÙë»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ:
ÍÝÏáëÏñ. the ~ of fortune μ³ËïÇ Ë³Õ³ÉÇù. ball-point pen [‚bɔ:lpɔint΄pen] n ÇÝùݳ-
start/set the ~ rolling Ëáë³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ/½ñáõÛ- Ñáë (·ñÇã):
óÁ ëÏë»É. keep(up) the ~ rolling Ëáë³Ïóáõ- bally [΄bæli] a, adv áõÅ»Õ ½·³óÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ
ÃÛáõÝÁ/ ½ñáõÛóÁ ß³ñáõݳϻÉ. The ~ is with ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÙ. Whose ~ is that? ê³ï³-
you лñÃÁ ùáÝÝ ¿. ~ sense ·Ý¹³ÏÇ ½·³óá- ݳÝ/·ñáÕÁ ï³ÝÇ, á±í ¿ Ù»Õ³íáñ. that ~ fly
ÕáõÃÛáõÝ. have the ~ at one’s feet ¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³Û¹ ³ÝÇÍÛ³É ×³Ý×Á. What a ~ nuisance! Æ°Ýã
ï»ñÁ ÉÇÝ»É. call a ~ out Ùñ½. ·Ý¹³ÏÁ ˳۳ï³é³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ ¿:
§¹áõñë¦ Ñ³Ûï³ñ³ñ»É. keep one’s eye on the
ballyhoo [‚bæli΄hu:] n ³Ù. ëɻݷ ¹³ï³ñÏ
³ÕÙáõÏ:
~ ³ã³Éáõñç/ ëó÷ ÉÇÝ»É. curl up in a ~
ÏÍÏí»É, ÙÇ ·áõݹ ¹³éݳÉ:
ballyrag [΄bæliræg] v ëÉ. ÏáåÇï Ï»ñåáí
ϳï³Ï»É, ͳÕñ»É, Ó»é ³éÝ»É:
ball II [bɔ:l] n å³ñ³Ñ³Ý¹»ë. fancy ~ ¹ÇÙ³-
ϳѳݹ»ë. ~ dress å³ñ³Ñ³Ý¹»ë³ÛÇÝ Ñ³-
balm [ba:m] n μ³É³ë³Ý, ó³í ³ÙáùÇã ÙÇ-
çáó, ë÷á÷³Ýù:
·áõëï. ~ room å³ñ³Ñ³Ý¹»ëÇ ëñ³Ñ. give a
~ å³ñ³Ñ³Ý¹»ë ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñå»É. ~ dancing
balmy [΄ba:mi] a μáõÅÇã, ³ÙáùÇã. ѳݷÁë-
ï³óÝáÕ. (³Ýáõß³Ñáï, μáõñ³í»ï) ~ air
å³ñ³Ñ³Ý¹»ë³ÛÇÝ å³ñ»ñ. open the ~ ÷Ëμ.
ѳ׻ÉÇ û¹. (Ù»ÕÙ, ùÝùáõß) ~ wind Ù»ÕÙ ù³-
áñ¨¿ μ³Ý ݳ˳ӻéÝ»É:
ÙÇ. ËëÏó. ÑÇÙ³ñ He is ~ ̳ÉÁ å³Ï³ë ¿:
ballad [΄bæləd] n ·ñÏ. μ³Éɳ¹, ùݳñ³Ï³Ý/ balsam [΄bɔ:lsəm] n μ³É³ë³Ý. μëμ. ÑÇݳ-
íÇå³Ï³Ý åá»Ù:
ͳÕÇÏ, μ³É³ë³ÝÇÏ:
ballast [΄bæləst] n μ³É³ëï, ѳí³ë³ñ³- baluster [΄bæləstə] n ׳Õ:
ÏßéáõÃÛáõÝÁ å³Ñå³ÝáÕ Í³ÝñáõÃÛáõÝ. The balustrade [‚bælə΄streid] n ׳ճ߳ñù
ship is in ~ ܳíÁ μ»éÝí³Í ¿ μ³É³ëïáí. μ³½ñÇù:
mental ~ Ùï³íáñ ѳí³ë³ñ³ÏßéáõÃÛáõÝ, bamboo [‚bæm΄bu:] n μ³ÙμáõÏ, Ñݹϻջ·.
ѳí³ë³ñ³Ïßéí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. lack/have no ~ ~ cane Ñݹϻջ·Ý³÷³Ûï, Ó»éݳ÷³Ûï:
³Ýѳí³ë³ñ³ÏßÇé (Ù³ñ¹ ) ÉÇÝ»É: ban [bæn] n ³ñ·»É»É, ³ñ·»Éù ¹Ý»É. ûñ»ÝùÇó
ballast [΄bæləst] v μ³É³ëïáí ÉóÝ»É. ÷Ëμ. ¹áõñë ѳÛï³ñ³ñ»ÉÁ. ³ñï³ùëÙ³Ý ¹³ï³-
ϳÛáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É: å³ñï»ÉÁ. under a ~ ³ñ·»ÉùÇ ï³Ï. raise the
ballet [΄bælei] n μ³É»ï: ~ on smth ³ñ·ÉùÁ ѳݻÉ. »Ï»Õ. ݽáíù/μ³-
ballet-dancer [΄bælei‚da:nsə] n μ³É»ïÇ Ý³¹ñ³Ýù:
å³ñáÕ, å³ñáõÑÇ, μ³É»ñáÝ, μ³É»ñÇݳ, ban [bæn] v ³ñ·»É»É, ³ñ·»Éù ¹Ý»É. ~ a mee-
¹»ñ³ë³Ý/¹»ñ³ë³ÝáõÑÇ: ting/a play/a book ÅáÕáíÁ/Ý»ñϳ۳óáõ-
ballet-master [΄bælei‚ma:stə] n μ³É»ïÙ»Ûë- ÙÁ/·ÇñùÁ ³ñ·»É»É. ~ from driving í³ñáñ¹³-
ï»ñ: Ï³Ý Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇó ½ñÏ»É. »Ï»Õ. ݽá-
ballistic [bə΄listik] a μ³ÉÇëïÇϳϳÝ. Ó·³- í»É/μ³Ý³¹ñ»É:
banal 81 banner

banal [bə΄na:l] a ³ÝѳÙ, Í»Íí³Í, ËÇëï ëá- ѳñí³Í»É ~ down the receiver Éë³÷áÕÁ
íáñ³Ï³Ý: ßåñï»É/ó³Í ·ó»É. be ~ on time ×Çßï ųٳ-
banality [bə΄næləti] n ³ÝѳÙáõÃÛáõÝ, ï³- ݳÏÇÝ ·³É:
÷³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ: bang [bæŋ] int Ãñ³¯ËÏ, ßñÁ¯÷:
banana [bə΄na:nə] n μ³Ý³Ý, ³¹³Ù³Ãáõ½: bangle [΄bæŋgl] n ³å³ñ³Ýç³Ý:
band [bænd] n çáϳï, ËáõÙμ. ~ of robbers banish [΄bæni∫] v íï³ñ»É, íéݹ»É, ³ñï³ù-
³í³½³Ï³ËáõÙμ, Ññáë³Ï³ËáõÙμ. armed ~ ë»É. ~ thoughts of exam Ñ»éáõ ùᯐ ùÝÝáõÃÛ³Ý
½ÇÝí³Í ³í³½³Ï³ËáõÙμ. »ñÅß. brass ~ ÷á- Ù³ëÇÝ Ùïù»ñÁ:
Õ³ÛÇÝ Ýí³·³ËáõÙμ. string ~ ɳñ³ÛÇÝ Ýí³- banishment [΄bæni∫mənt] n íï³ñáõÙ, ³ñ-
·³ËáõÙμ. jazz ~ ç³½³ÛÇÝ Ýí³·³ËáõÙμ. ï³ùëáõÙ, ³ùëáñáõÙ. ~ order ³ñï³ùëÙ³Ý
(»ñǽ, ϳå, ųå³í»Ý) neck ~ í½³Ï³å. Ññ³Ù³Ý:
plate with green ~ ϳݳ㠻ñǽáí ³÷ë». banisters [΄bænistə] n ëáíñ. pl ׳ճ߳ñù,
(é³¹.) wave ~ ³ÉÇùÝ»ñÇ Í³í³É/Áݹ·ñÏáõÙ: μ³½ñÇù:
bandage [΄bændidз] n íÇñ³Ï³å, μÇÝï. banjo [΄bændзəu] n »ñÅß. μ³Ýçá:
μ³Ý¹³Å: bank I [bæŋk] n ÑáÕ³å³ïÝ»ß, ÃáõÙμ. ³÷.
bandage [΄bændidз] v íÇñ³Ï³å»É. ~ one’s ͳÝͳÕáõï. ~ of the river/lake ·»ï³÷,
arm/hand/head/ wound èÁ/Ó»éùÁ/ ·ÉáõËÁ/ É׳÷ steep/slopy/flat/sandy ~ ½³éÇó÷/ûù
í»ñùÁ íÇñ³Ï³å»É: /ѳñÃ/³í³½áï ³÷. go/walk along the ~
bandit [΄bændit] n ³í³½³Ï, »Éáõ½³Ï, μ³Ý- ù³ÛÉ»É ³÷Ç »ñϳÛÝùáí. on the right/left ~
¹Çï: ³ç/Ó³Ë ³÷ÇÝ. overflow the ~s ³÷»ñÇó
bandmaster [΄bænd‚ma:stə] n Ýí³·³ËÙμÇ ¹áõñë ·³É. ~ of snow ÓÛáõݳÏáõÛï. ~ of
ջϳí³ñ: clouds ³Ùå»ñÇ ß³ñ³Ý:
bandoleer [‚bændə΄liə] n ÷³Ù÷ßï³Ï³É, bank II [bæŋk] n μ³ÝÏ. state/commercial/na-
÷³Ù÷ßï³·áïÇ: tional ~ å»ï³Ï³Ý/³é¨ïñ³Ï³Ý/³½·³ÛÇÝ
bandsaw [΄bændsɔ:] n »ñǽ³Ó¨ ëÕáó: μ³ÝÏ. keep money in a ~ ÷áÕÁ μ³ÝÏáõÙ
bandsman [΄bændzmən] n Ýí³·³ËÙμÇ å³Ñ»É. investment/merchant ~ Ý»ñ¹Áñ-
»ñ³ÅÇßï/³Ý¹³Ù: Ù³Ý/³é¨ïñ³ÛÇÝ μ³ÝÏ. ~ account μ³ÝϳÛÇÝ
bandstand [΄bændstænd] n ¿ëïñ³¹³ Ýí³- ѳßÇí. open/close an account at a ~ μ³ÝÏáõÙ
·³ËÙμÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ: ѳßÇí μ³ó»É/÷³Ï»É. savings ~ Ëݳ۹ñ³-
band-wheel [΄bændwi:l] n ß³ñųÝÇí: Ù³ñÏÕ/ËݳÛμ³ÝÏ. ~ book μ³ÝϳÛÇÝ
bandy-legged [‚bændi΄legd] a Íáõéáï³ÝÇ, ·ñùáõÛÏ, ã»ÏÇ ·ñùáõÛÏ. break the ~ (ÃÕÃË.)
áïù»ñÁ Íáõé: μ³ÝÏÁ í»ñóÝ»É:
bane [bein] n μÝëï. ÏáñͳÝáõÙ, ³Ý»Íù, bank [bæŋk] v Ïáõï³Ï»É, ÏÇï»É. å³ïÝ»ß
ݽáíù. Drink has been the ~ of his life ÊÙÇãùÁ ÉÇÝ»É. ~ up the snow ÓÛáõÝÁ ÏÇï»É. ~ a fire Ùá-
Ýñ³ ѳٳñ Ïáñͳݳñ³ñ ¿: ËÇñ Ïáõï³Ï»É. Clouds are ~ing ²Ùå»ñÁ
baneful [΄beinfl] a Ïáñͳݳñ³ñ, Ïáñëï³- ѳí³ùíáõÙ »Ý. The plane ~ed ÆÝùݳÃÇéÁ
μ»ñ: ûùí»ó. ~ on/upon íëï³Ñ»É, ÑáõÛë ¹Ý»É:
bang [bæŋ] n ѳñí³Í, ßñËÏáó. He got a ~ on banker [΄bæŋkə] n μ³ÝÏÇñ:
his head Üñ³ ·ÉËÇÝ Ñ³ñí³Í»óÇÝ. The door banking [΄bæŋkiŋ] n ÑáÕ³ÃáõÙμ. ýÇÝ.
shut with a ~ ¸áõéÁ ßñËÏáóáí ÷³Ïí»ó. μ³ÝϳÛÇÝ ·áñÍ:
(å³ÛÃÛáõÝ, Ïñ³Ïáó) go ~ å³ÛÃ»É (Ññ³ó³- bank-note [΄bæŋknəut] n ÃÕó¹ñ³Ù,
ÝÁ). A gun went of with a ~ Ðñ³ó³ÝÇ Ïñ³Ïáó μ³ÝÏÝáï:
Éëí»ó. ~ of hair ׳ϳïÇ Ù³½³÷áõÝç, Ëá- bankrupt [΄bæŋkrΛpt] n, a ëݳÝÏ, ëݳÝ-
åáå. go over with a ~ Ù»Í Ñ³çáÕáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³ó³Í Ù³ñ¹. go/be/become ~ ëݳÝϳݳÉ:
áõݻݳÉ: bankruptcy [΄bæŋkrΛptsi] n ëݳÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ,
bang [bæŋ] v Ë÷»É, ѳñí³Í»É. ßñËϳóÝ»É, ëݳÝϳóáõÙ:
ßñËϳÉ. The gun ~ed Ðñ³ó³ÝÁ ׳Ûûó. The banner [΄bænə] n ¹ñáß, ¹ñáß³Ï. join the ~ of
door ~ed shut ¸áõéÁ ßñËÏáóáí ÷³Ïí»ó. ~ ¹ñáßÇ ï³Ï ϳݷݻÉ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ ó³Ýó³ÛÇÝ
the table with the fist ë»Õ³ÝÇÝ μéáõÝóùáí ·áí³½¹:
banner-bearer 82 bargain

banner-bearer [΄bænə‚beərə] n ¹ñá߳ϳ- barbaric [ba:΄bærik] a μ³ñμ³ñáë³Ï³Ý,


ÏÇñ: í³Ûñ³·:
banner-cry [΄bænəkrai] n Ù³ñï³Ï³Ýã, barbarism [΄ba:bərizm] n μ³ñμ³ñáëáõ-
Ù³ñï³Ïáã: ÃÛáõÝ. É»½í. ûï³ñ³μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
banquet [΄bæŋkwit] n μ³ÝÏ»ï, ѳݹÇë³- barbecue [΄ba:bikju:] n Ëáñáí³Í:
íáñ ׳ßÏ»ñáõÛÃ. give a ~ μ³ÝÏ»ï ϳ½Ù³- barbed [ba:bd] a ÷ßáï. ~ wire ÷߳ɳñ. ~
Ï»ñå»É/ï³É. funeral ~ Ñ᷻ѳó: remark ÷ßáï/ͳÏáÕ ¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ:
bantling [΄bæntliŋ] n »ñ»Ë³. ³ñÑÙ. ë»- barber I [΄ba:bə] n ë³÷ñÇã. the ~s, ~ shop
ñáõݹ, ÍÝáõݹ: í³ñë³íÇñ³Ýáó:
baptism [΄bæptizm] n ÙÏñïáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ of fire barber II [΄ba:bə] n ë³éݳٳÝÇù³ÛÇÝ
Ù³ñï³Ï³Ý ÙÏñïáõÃÛáõÝ: áõÅ»Õ ù³ÙÇ:
baptist [΄bæptist] n ÙÏñïáÕ, ÙÏñïÇã: bard [ba:d] n μÝëï. μ³ñ¹, »ñ·Çã. the Bard of
baptize [bæp΄taiz] v ÙÏñï»É, ÏÝù»É, ³Ýí³- Avon Þ»ùëåÇñÁ:
Ý»É: bare [beə] a Ù»ñÏ, Ù»ñϳó³Í. ~ feet Ù»ñÏ
bar [ba:] 1. n ÓáÕ. ~ of soap/chocolate ÙÇ Ïïáñ áïù»ñ. μáÏáïÝ. ~ to the waist ÙÇÝ㨠·áï-
û׳é. ßáÏáɳ¹Ç ë³ÉÇÏ. ~ of gold ÓáõÉáëÏÇ. ϳï»ÕÁ Ù»ñϳó³Í. ~ head ³é³Ýó
~s í³Ý¹³Ï, ó³Ýϳå³ï. behind the ~s μ³Ý- ·É˳ñÏ, ·É˳μ³ó. ~ rock É»ñÏ ³å³é. ~
ïáõÙ. (ëáÕݳÏ) ~ of a door/gate ¹é³Ý/ trees Ù»ñÏ Í³é»ñ. (¹³ï³ñÏ) The larder is ~
¹³ñå³ëÇ ëáÕݳÏ. parallel ~s Ùñ½. ½áõ·³- سé³ÝÁ ¹³ï³ñÏ ¿. room ~ of furniture
÷³Ûï. ~ line »ñÅß. ï³ÏïÇ ·ÇÍÁ. Çñ³í. the ¹³ï³ñÏ ë»ÝÛ³Ï. ÷Ëμ. ~ facts Ù»ñÏ ÷³ë-
B~ ³ñ·»É³å³ï ¹³ï³ñ³ÝáõÙ. prisoner at ï»ñ. ~ majority ³ÝÝß³Ý Ù»Í³Ù³ëÝáõÃÛáõÝ.
the ~ Ù»Õ³¹ñÛ³É. be called/go to the ~ ÷³ë- lay ~ ѳÛïݳμ»ñ»É, Ù»ñϳóÝ»É. earn a ~
ï³μ³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Çñ³íáõÝù ëï³Ý³É. be at the 100 dollar. ѳ½Çí 100 ¹áɳñ í³ëï³Ï»É. at
~ ÷³ëï³μ³Ý ÉÇÝ»É. plead at the ~ »ÉáõÛà the ~ mention ÙdzÛÝ ÑÇß³ï³ÏáõÙÁ. μ³í³-
áõÝ»Ý³É ¹³ï³ñ³ÝáõÙ. ~ of conscious ËÕ×Ç Ï³Ý ¿, áñ in ~ outlines ÁݹѳÝáõñ ·Í»ñáí.
¹³ï/¹³ï³ëï³Ý. ~ association ÷³ëï³- in one’s ~ skin ÉñÇí Ù»ñÏ:
μ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ÙÇáõÃÛáõÝ. (Ëáñïϳñ³Ý, ÷áùñÇÏ bare [beə] v Ù»ñϳóÝ»É, μ³ó³Ñ³Ûï»É. ~
é»ëïáñ³Ý) serve behind the ~ í³×³é³ë»- one’s head ·É˳ñÏÁ ѳݻÉ. The dog ~ed its
Õ³ÝÇ Ñ»ï¨áõÙ ÉÇÝ»É, ëå³ë³ñÏ»É. snack ~ teeth ÞáõÝÁ »ñ³ËÁ μ³ó»ó:
Ëáñïϳñ³Ý. a coffee ~ ëñ׳ñ³Ý. (³ñ·»Éù, bareback [΄beəbæk] a ³ÝóÙμ, ãóÙμ³Í:
ËáãÁݹáï) let down the ~s ËáãÁݹáïÝ»ñÁ barefaced [‚beə΄feist] a ³Ýμ»Õ, ³ÝÙáñáõù.
í»ñ³óÝ»É. 2. prep ãѳßí³Í, μ³ó³é»Éáí all ÷Ëμ ³Ý³ÙáÃ, ÉÏïÇ. a ~ lie ³Ýå³ï-
~ two μáÉáñÁ μ³óÇ »ñÏáõëÇó all ~ none μá- ϳé/³Ý³Ùáà ëáõï:
ÉáñÝ ³é³Ýó μ³ó³éáõÃÛ³Ý. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ chart barefoot [΄beəfut] adv μáμÇÏ, áï³μáμÇÏ,
·Í³å³ïÏ»ñ: μáÏáïÝ:
bar [ba:] v ÷³Ï»É. ³ñ·»Éù ÉÇÝ»É. The exit was bareheaded [‚beə΄hedid] a ·É˳μ³ó:
~ed ºÉùÁ ÷³Ï ¿ñ/÷³Ïí³Í ¿ñ. The tree ~ed barely [΄beəli] adv å³ñ½³å»ë. ÉáÏ, ÙdzÛÝ.
the road ̳éÁ ÷³Ï»É ¿ñ ׳ݳå³ñÑÁ. ѳ½Çí û. We ~ caught the train г½Çí
(ëáÕݳÏÁ ù³ß»É/·ó»É) ~ a door ¹é³Ý ëáÕ- ѳëóñÇÝù ·Ý³óù Ýëï»É:
ݳÏÁ ·ó»É. (í³Ý¹³Ï³å³ï»É, ó³Ýϳå³- bareness [΄beənəs] n Ù»ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
ï»É) ~ the windows å³ïáõѳÝÝ»ñÁ í³Ý- bargain [΄ba:gin] n ë³Ï³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ·áñ-
¹³Ï³å³ï»É. (³ñ·»É»É. ÃáõÛÉ ãï³É) ~ smn’s ͳñù. make/ strike ~ ·áñͳñù ÏÝù»É, ѳٳ-
advance ³é³ç˳ճóáõÙÁ ³ñ·»É³Ï»É. ~ Ó³ÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý ·³É. bad/ hard/ losing ~ áã
from the match ÃáõÛÉ ãï³É ˳ÕÇÝ Ù³ëݳÏ- Ó»éÝïáõ ·áñͳñù. drive a ~ ë³Ï³ñÏ»É. a
ó»É. ~ in ¹áõñë ãÃáÕÝ»É. ~ out Ý»ñë ãÃáÕÝ»É: bad ~ óÝÏ ·Ýí³Í Çñ. a good ~ ¿Å³Ý ·Ýí³Í
barb [ba:b] n ùÇëï (ѳëÏÇ), Ù³½Ù½áõÏ, Çñ. at a ~ price ¿Å³Ý ·Ýáí. into the ~ Ç Ñ³í»-
÷áõß: ÉáõÙÝ. make the best of a bad ~ ãíѳïí»É.
barbarian [ba:΄beəriən] n, a μ³ñμ³ñáë, That’s a ~ ºÕ³°í, гٳӳÛÝí»óÇ°Ýù. ~ sale
μ³ñμ³ñáë³Ï³Ý: ¿Å³Ý í³×³éù:
bargain 83 basalt

bargain [΄ba:gin] v ë³Ï³ñÏ»É, ·áñͳñù Õáë). Ëáßáñ ϳÉí³Í³ï»ñ. Ù³·Ý³ï£


ÏÝù»É. å³ÛÙ³Ý ¹Ý»É. ~ for å³Ûٳݳíáñ- baronage [΄bærənidз] n μ³ñáÝÝ»ñ, μ³ñáÝ-
í»É: Ý»ñÇ ¹³ëÁ. μ³ñáÝÇ ïÇïÕáë:
bargainer [΄ba:ginə] n ³é¨ïñ³Ï³Ý. ë³- baroness [΄bærənes] n μ³ñáÝáõÑÇ:
ϳñÏáÕ: baronet [΄bærənit] n μ³ñáÝ»ï (³Ù»Ý³-
barge [ba:dз] n μ»éݳï³ñ ݳí: ó³Íñ ³½Ýí³Ï³Ý ïÇïÕáëÁ ²Ý·ÉdzÛáõÙ):
barge [ba:dз] v μ»éݳï³ñ ݳíáí ï»Õ³- baroque [bə΄rɒk] n μ³ñáÏÏá. ÷Ëμ. ûï³-
÷áË»É. ûñáñí»Éáí/»ñ»ñ³Éáí ·Ý³É. ~ into/ ñáïÇ, ³ñï³éáó. in ~ style μ³ñáÏÏá á×áí:
against μ³Ëí»É. ~ through ÙÇ Ï»ñå/ËóÏí»- barrack [΄bærək] n μ³ñ³ù. ~s ½áñ³Ýáó:
Éáí ³ÝóÝ»É. ~ into a conversation Ëáë³Ï- barrage [΄bæra:з] n ³ñ·»Éù, ³ñ·»É³Ýù.
óáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÙïÝ»É/ËóÏí»É: å³ïí³ñ, ³Ùμ³ñï³Ï. é½Ù. ˳÷³ÝÇã
bargee [ba:΄dзi:] n ݳí³Ï³í³ñ: Ïñ³Ï:
bargeman [΄ba:dзmən] n ݳí³Ï³í³ñ: barrel [΄bærəl] n ï³Ï³é. ~-head ï³Ï³éÇ
baritone [΄bæritəun] n »ñÅß. μ³ñÇïáÝ: ѳï³Ï. é½Ù. Ññ³ó³ÝÇ ÷áÕ³μ»ñ³Ý. μ³-
barium [΄beəriəm] n ùÇÙ. μ³ñÇáõÙ: ñ»É (Ñ»ÕáõÏÇ ã³÷). ³Ù. ~ house/shop ·ÇÝ»-
bark I [ba:k] n ϻը (ͳéÇ). ËëÏó. ϳßÇ. ïáõÝ, ·³ñ»çñ³ïáõÝ:
ËÇÝÇÝ (ݳ¨ª Peruvian/China ~). strip the tree barrel-organ [΄bærəl‚ɔ:gən] n ÷áùñ
of its ~ ͳéÁ ϻը³Ñ³Ý ³Ý»É. ËëÏó. a man »ñ·»ÑáÝ:
with a ~ on ³Ýï³ß/·é»ÑÇÏ Ù³ñ¹: barren [΄bærən] a ³ÙáõÉ, ëï»ñç, ãμ»ñ. (ÑáÕÇ
bark II [ba:k] n »é³Ï³ÛÙ ³é³·³ëï³Ý³í: Ù³ëÇÝ) ³Ýμ»ññÇ, ³ÝåïÕ³μ»ñ. ÷Ëμ. ³Ý-
bark III [ba:k] n ѳãáó, Ïñ³ÏáóÇ Ó³ÛÝ£ μáí³Ý¹³Ï, Ó³ÝÓñ³ÉÇ. ~ of interest/ideas
bark I [ba:k] v ϻը»É, ϻը³Ñ³Ý ³Ý»É. Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝÇó/Ùïù»ñÇó ½áõñÏ:
ËëÏó. ϳßÇÝ ù»ñûÉ, Ù³ßÏ»É: barrenness [΄bærənnəs] n ãμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ,
bark II [ba:k] v ѳã»É, ѳÛÑáÛ»É. ~ up the ³Ýμ»ññÇáõÃÛáõÝ:
wrong tree ë˳Éí»É, ëË³É Ñ»ïùáí ·Ý³É: barret [΄bærət] n μ»ñ»ï (·É˳ñÏ):
barkeeper [΄ba:‚ki:pə] n μáõý»ï³å³Ý, barricade [‚bæri΄keid] 1. n μ³ñÇϳ¹, ³ñ-
μ³ñÙ»Ý: ·»Éù. 2. v μ³ñÇϳ¹áí ÷³Ï»É, ³ñ·»-
barker [΄ba:kə] n ·áé·áé³óáÕ Ù³ñ¹. ɳ÷³Ï»É:
·Ýáñ¹/ Ùáõßï³ñÇ Ï³ÝãáÕ. ³½¹³ñ³ñáÕ, barrier [΄bæriə] 1. n ³ñ·»É³å³ï, ÷³Ïáó.
ѳÛï³ñ³ñáÕ. Great ~s are not biters гã³Ý ³Ýçñå»ï, ËáãÁݹáï. 2. v ³Ýçñå»ï»É,
ßáõÝÁ ÏÍ³Ý ãÇ ÉÇÝáõÙ: ËáãÁݹáï»É:
barking [΄ba:kiŋ] 1. n ѳãáó. 2. a ѳã³Ý: barring [΄ba:riŋ] prep μ³ó³éÛ³É, μ³ó³éáõ-
bark-tree [΄ba:ktri:] n ËÇݳͳé, ùÇݳ- ÃÛ³Ùμ:
ͳé: barrister [΄bæristə] n ÷³ëï³μ³Ý (ݳ¨ª
barley [΄ba:li] n, a ·³ñÇ. ·³ñáõ. ~ sugar ~ (s) –at – law).
ë³éݳ߳ù³ñ, ݳμ³Ã. ~ water ·³ñáõ barrow I [΄bærəu] n μÉáõñ, ¹³Ùμ³Ý³ÃáõÙμ:
ÃáõñÙ. pearl ~ ·³ñ»Ó³í³ñ. cry ~ ·ÃáõÃÛáõÝ barrow II [΄bærəu] n ë³ÛɳÏ, Ó»éݳ-
ѳÛó»É: ë³ÛɳÏ. å³ï·³ñ³Ï. hand ~ Ó»éݳå³ï-
barleycorn [΄ba:likɔ:n] n ·³ñáõ ѳïÇÏ: ·³ñ³Ï. wheel ~ ³Ýí³å³ï·³ñ³Ï£
barm [ba:m] n ·³ñ»çñÇ ÃÃËÙáñ, Ù»ñ³Ý£ bartender [΄ba:‚tendə] n μáõý»ï³å³Ý,
barmaid [΄ba:meid] n μ³ñÇ/μáõý»ïÇ ëå³- μ³ñÙ»Ý. é»ëïáñ³ÝÇ ï»ñ:
ëáõÑÇ/Ù³ïáõóáÕ: barter [΄ba:tə] n ÷á˳ݳϳÛÇÝ ³é¨ïáõñ,
barman [΄ba:mən] n μáõý»ï³å³Ý, μ³ñ- ³åñ³Ýù³÷á˳ݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
Ù»Ý: barter [΄ba:tə] v ÷áË»É, ÷á˳ݳϻÉ, ÷á-
barn [ba:n] n ³Ùμ³ñ, ßï»Ù³ñ³Ý. ³Ù. ˳ݳϳÛÇÝ ³é¨ïáõñ ³Ý»É. ~ wheat for ma-
³Ëáé, ·áÙ: chinery óáñ»ÝÁ ÷áË³Ý³Ï»É Ñ³ëïáóÝ»ñáí.
barometer [bə΄rɒmitə] n ͳÝñ³ã³÷, μ³- ~ away one’s freedom ³½³ïáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÷á˳-
ñáÙ»ïñ: ݳϻÉ/ÏáñóÝ»É:
baron [΄bærən] n μ³ñáÝ (³½Ýí³Ï³Ý ïÇï- basalt [΄bæsɔ:lt] n ÑÝù. μ³½³Éï:
bascule-bridge 84 bat II

bascule-bridge [΄bæskju:lbridз] n μ³ñÓ- basil [΄bæzl] n μëμ. é»Ñ³Ý:


ñ³óíáÕ Ï³Ùáõñç: basin [΄beisn] n ɳ·³Ý (Éí³óùÇ). wash ~
base [beis] n ÑÇÙù, å³ïí³Ý¹³Ý. as a ~ for ÏáÝù (ËáѳÝáóÇ). ³Ù³Ý (ݳ¨` ß³Ý, ϳï-
Çμñ¨ ÑÇÙù/ѻݳñ³Ý. é½Ù. μ³½³, ѻݳϳ- íÇ). ³ßËñ·. ³í³½³Ý, Íáí³Íáó, çñ³Ùμ³ñ:
Û³Ý military/naval ~ 鳽ٳϳÝ/Íáí³ÛÇÝ basis [΄beisis] n (pl bases) ÑÇÙù, μ³½Çë,
μ³½³. set up a military ~ é³½Ù³Ï³Ý μ³½³ ÑÇÙáõÝù. »É³Ï»ï. é½Ù. μ³½³. on a sound ~
ÑÇÙÝ»É. logical ~ ïñ³Ù³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý ÑÇÙù. at μ³Ý³Ï³Ý ÑÇÙùÇ íñ³. on the ~ of ÑÇÙùÇ
the ~ of ÑÇÙùáõÙ, å³ïí³Ý¹³ÝÇ Ùáï. ýǽ. íñ³. scientific/factual/commercial ~ ·Çï³-
~ frequency ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³×³Ë³Ï³Ýáõ- ϳÝ/÷³ëï³óÇ/³é¨ïñ³Ï³Ý ÑÇÙù:
ÃÛáõÝ. ùÇÙ. ÑÇÙù. Ùñ½. ëï³ñïÇ/Ù»ÏݳñÏÇ bask [ba:sk] v ï³ù³Ý³É (³ñ¨Ç ï³Ï, Ïñ³ÏÇ
í³ÛñÁ. ÑÙÏñ·. μ³½³, μ³½³ÛÇÝ. ~ address/ Ùáï). ѳ×áõÛù ëï³Ý³É. ~ in the sun ³ñ¨Ç
area/ class μ³½³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ëó»/ïÇñáõÛÃ/¹³ë. ~ ï³Ï ï³ù³Ý³É:
input/output ÙáõïùÇ/»ÉùÇ μ³½³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³- basket [΄ba:skit] n ÏáÕáí, ½³ÙμÛáõÕ. wire ~
ϳñ·: Ù»ï³Õ³É³ñ» ½³ÙμÛáõÕ. wastepaper ~ û·-
base [beis] a ó³Íñ, ëïáñ, ³Ý³½ÝÇí. ùÇÙ. áã ï³·áñÍí³Í ÃÕûñÇ ½³ÙμÛáõÕ. laundry ~
³½ÝÇí (Ù»ï³ÕÝ»ñ). of ~ alloy ó³Íñáñ³Ï. Éí³óùÇ ßáñ»ñÇ ½³ÙμÛáõÕ. ~ dinner/-lunch/-
~ coin ûñ³ñÅ»ù/Ï»ÕÍ ¹ñ³Ù. ~ Latin Ëáë³- picnic ½μáë³ËÝçáõÛù:
Ïó³Ï³Ý/ÅáÕáíñ¹³Ï³Ý ɳïÇÝ»ñ»Ý: basket-ball [΄ba:skitbɔ:l] n Ùñ½. μ³ëÏ»ï-
base [beis] v ÑÇÙÝ»É, ÑÇÙݳ¹ñ»É, ÑÇÙù ¹Ý»É. μáÉ£
~ relations on the equality principle ѳñ³μ»- basketful [΄ba:skitful] n ÙÇ ÉÇùÁ ÏáÕáí:
ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ÑÇÙÝ»É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛ³Ý basketry [΄ba:skitri] n ÏáÕáí³·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ,
ëϽμáõÝùÝ»ñÇ íñ³. ~ed on facts ÷³ëï»ñÇ ÑÛáõëí³Í Çñ»ñ:
íñ³ ÑÇÙÝí³Í. I’m ~d in London ÆÙ ÑÇÙ- bas-relief [‚ba:ri΄li:f] n Ëáñ³ù³Ý¹³Ï,
Ý³Ï³Ý ·ñ³ë»ÝÛ³ÏÁ ·ïÝíáõÙ ¿ ÈáݹáÝáõÙ. ѳñóù³Ý¹³Ï, μ³ñ»ÉÇ»ý:
The fleet was ~d on the Black Sea ܳí³ïáñÙÁ bass [bæs] n, a »ñÅß. μ³ë, óí Ó³ÛÝ. μ³ëÇ,
ï»Õ³Ï³Ûí»É ¿ñ ê¨ ÍáíáõÙ: μ³ë³ÛÇÝ, óí Ó³ÛÝÇ. ~ clef μ³ëÇ μ³Ý³ÉÇ.
base-ball [΄beisbɔ:l] n Ùñ½. μ»ÛëμáÉ: ~ drum μ³ë³ÛÇÝ/Ãáõñù³Ï³Ý ÃÙμáõÏ:
baseboard [΄beisbɔ:d] n ×ñï. ßñÇß³Ï bassoon [bə΄su:n] n »ñÅß. ý³·áï:
(åÉÇÝÃáõë): bast [bæst] n ϻը (ͳéÇ). ϻը³Ã»É, ×ÇÉáå.
base-court [΄beiskɔ:t] n Ñ»ïݳμ³Ï: ~ mat ×ÇÉáå» ËëÇñ:
baseless [΄beisləs] a ³ÝÑÇÙÝ, ãÑÇÙݳíáñ- bastard [΄ba:stəd] n ³åûñÇݳÍÇÝ »ñ»Ë³. a
í³Í: real ~ ï³Ï³Ýù:
basement [΄beismənt] n ÑÇÙù, ýáõݹ³Ù»Ýï. baste I [beist] v ßáõɳɻÉ:
Ý»ñùݳѳñÏ, ÏÇë³ÝÏáõÕ³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ñÏ: baste II [beist] v ͻͻÉ, óϻÉ. ѳñó»ñÇ
bash [bæ∫] n ѳñí³Í. ~ one’s head against a ï³ñ³÷ ï»Õ³É:
tree ·ÉËáí ͳéÇÝ áõÅ»Õ Ñ³ñí³Í»É: bastion [΄bæstiən] n åïÙ., é½Ù. ³Ùñáó,
bash [bæ∫] v áõÅ»Õ Ñ³ñí³Í»É, ͻͻÉ. have a μ³ëïÇáÝ:
~ at smth. ÷áñÓ»É, ÷áñÓ Ï³ï³ñ»É: bat I [bæt] n ãÕçÇÏ. blind as a ~ μáÉá-
bashful [΄bæ∫fl] a ³Ù³ãÏáï, »ñÏãáï: ñáíÇÝ/ÉñÇí ÏáõÛñ. ËëÏó. have ~s in the belfry
basic [΄beisik] a ÑÇÙݳϳÝ, ·É˳íáñ, ³- ͳÉÁ å³Ï³ë ÉÇÝ»É:
é³çݳÛÇÝ. ~ principles ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý bat II [bæt] n Ùñ½. óÏ, ½³ñÏÇã. (ë»Õ³ÝÇ
ëϽμáõÝùÝ»ñ. ~ industry ³ñ¹Ûáõݳμ»ñáõ- ûÝÇëÇ) ó³Ýó³ÃÇ. é³Ï»ï. do smth off one’s
ÃÛ³Ý ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ×ÛáõÕÁ. ~ stock ïÝï. ÑÇÙ- own ~ áñ¨¿ μ³Ý ³Ý»É Çñ ë»÷³Ï³Ý ݳ-
Ý³Ï³Ý Ï³åÇï³É. ~ research ýáõݹ³Ù»Ý- ˳ӻéÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ. come to ~ ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝ-
ï³É ѻﳽáïáõÃÛáõÝ ~ law ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý Ý»ñÇ Ñ³Ý¹Çå»É:
ûñ»Ýù, ë³Ñٳݳ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ: ~ objectives bat I [bæt] v ÷³Ûïáí/óÏáóáí Ë÷»É£
ÑÇÙݳϳÝ/¿³Ï³Ý Ýå³ï³ÏÝ»ñ: bat II [bæt] v óñûÉ, ³ãùÁ ×å»É. I never ~ted
basically [΄beisikli] adv ÑÇÙݳϳÝáõÙ, Áëï an eyelid ØÇ ñáå» ã»Ù ùÝ»É, ²ãùë ã»Ù
¿áõÃÛ³Ý: óñûÉ. not to ~ an eyelid ³ãùÝ ¿É ãóñûÉ:
bat III 85 battle-piece

bat III [bæt] n ËëÏó. ù³ÛÉ. go full ~ ³ñ³· battalion [bə΄tæljən] n ·áõÙ³ñï³Ï:
ù³ÛÉ»ñáí ·Ý³É: batten [΄bætn] n ï³Ëï³Ï. ÓáÕ. ~ wall
batch [bæt∫] n ³åñ³ÝùÇ áñáß ù³Ý³Ï. Ù³ë, ï³Ëï³Ï» ÙÇçÝáñÙ£
Ù³ëݳμ³ÅÇÝ. ~ of bread ÙÇ Ù³ëݳμ³ÅÇÝ batten I [΄bætn] v ï³Ëï³ÏÝ»ñáí ³Ùñ³ó-
ѳó. (ËáõÙμ) ~ of workmen ÙÇ ËáõÙμ μ³Ý- Ý»É. ~ down ï³Ëï³ÏÝ»ñáí ÷³Ï»É:
íáñÝ»ñ. in ~es ËÙμ³ù³Ý³Ïáí. (ϳåáó, batten II [΄bætn] v ·Çñ³Ý³É, ׳ñå³Ï³É»É.
÷³Ã»Ã) ~ of letters ÙÇ Ï³åáó ݳٳÏ. of the áõñÇßÇ Ñ³ßíÇÝ μ³ñ·³í³×»É:
same ~ ÝáõÛÝ áñ³ÏÇ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ entry ÷³Ã»- batter [΄bætə] v áõÅ»Õ Ë÷»É/óϻÉ/ͻͻÉ. ~
óÛÇÝ Ùáõïù. ~ file Ññ³Ñ³Ý·³ÛÇÝ ý³ÛÉ. ~ a child »ñ»Ë³ÛÇÝ Í»Í»É., ~ at the door ¹áõéÁ
header ÷³Ã»ÃÇ í»ñݳ·Çñ. ~ job ÷³Ã»Ã³- áõÅ»Õ Ã³Ï»É:
ÛÇÝ Ñ³ÝÓݳñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ: battered [΄bætəd] a Í»Íí³Í, ç³ñ¹í³Í.
bate [beit] n ó³ëáõÙ, ½³ÛñáõÛÃ, ϳï³Õáõ- Ù³ßí³Í, ù³Ûù³Ûí³Í. a ~ old car ç³ñ¹í³Í
ÃÛáõÝ: ÑÇÝ Ù»ù»Ý³. a ~ old hat Ù³ßí³Í ÑÇÝ
bate [beit] v Ýí³½»óÝ»É, ùã³óÝ»É, Ãáõɳó- ·É˳ñÏ. feel ~ Çñ»Ý áõųëå³é /ç³ñ¹í³Í
Ý»É. ~ one’s hope ÑáõÛëÁ Ïïñ»É. with ~d breath ½·³É. ~d by the gale ÷áÃáñÇÏáí ɳí ó÷
ßáõÝãÁ å³Ñ³Í£ ïí³Í:
bath [ba:θ] n í³Ýݳ, ÉáÕ³ñ³Ý. μ³ÕÝÇù. battery [΄bætri] n ï»Ë. Ù³ñïÏáó. é½Ù. Ññ»-
(Éá·³Ýù) have/take a ~ Éá·³Ýù ÁݹáõÝ»É. ~ ï³Ù³ñïÏáó. The ~ is flat سñïÏáóÁ
soap/cap μ³ÕÝÇùÇ û׳é/·É˳ñÏ. ~ salts Ýëï»É ¿. charge the ~ Ù³ñïÏáóÁ ÉÇóù³íá-
³Ýáõß³ÑáïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ÉáÕ³ñ³ÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. ñ»É. ÷Ëμ. a ~ of questions ѳñó»ñÇ ï³ñ³÷:
swimming ~ ÉáÕ³í³½³Ý. ÷Ëμ. ~ of blood batting [΄bætiŋ] n í³ïÇÝ (ÓÙ»éí³ ï³ù
³ñÛ³Ý μ³ÕÝÇù: ³ëï³é):
bathe [beið] n ÉáÕ³óáõÙ, ÉáճݳÉÁ. have a ~ battle [΄bætl] n Ù³ñï, ׳ϳï³Ù³ñï.
ÉáճݳÉ. go for a ~ ·Ý³É ÉáճݳÉáõ: fierce/ decisive ~ ϳï³ÕÇ/í×é³Ï³Ý ׳ϳ-
bathe [beið] v ÉáճݳÉ, ÉáÕ³óÝ»É. ÉáõÛëáí ï³Ù³ñï. win /lose a ~ ß³Ñ»É ×³Ï³ï³-
áÕáÕ»É. ~ a baby »ñ»Ë³ÛÇÝ ÉáÕ³óÝ»É. ~ a
Ù³ñïÁ/å³ñïí»É. fall in a ~ ½áÑí»É ׳ϳ-
wound í»ñùÁ Éí³Ý³É. ~d in tears ³ñóáõÝù-
ï³Ù³ñïáõÙ. fight in a ~ Ù³ëݳÏó»É ׳ϳ-
Ý»ñáí áÕáÕí³Í:
ï³Ù³ñïÇÝ, ׳ϳï³Ù³ñïáõÙ Ïéí»É. the
bather [΄beiðə] n ÉáÕ³óáÕ: ~ of life ·áÛáõÃÛ³Ý å³Ûù³ñ. do ~ ׳ϳï³-
bath-house [΄ba:θhaus] n μ³ÕÝÇù: Ù³ñï í³ñ»É. a ~ of wits Ùï³íáñ ٻݳ-
bathing [΄beiðiŋ] n ÉáճݳÉÁ. No ~ ! ÈáÕ³- Ù³ñï:
ݳÉÝ ³ñ·»Éíá°õÙ ¿. ~ costume/suit/ wrap Éá-
Õ³½·»ëï, ˳ɳÃ. ~ cap ÉáÕ³·É˳ñÏ. ~
battle [΄bætl] v å³Ûù³ñ»É, Ù³ñïÝã»É. ~
against/for smth å³Ûù³ñ»É Áݹ¹»Ù/ѳÝáõÝ
trunks ÉáÕ³í³ñïÇù. ~ beach ÉáÕ³÷:
áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ:
bathing-box [΄beiðiŋbɒks] n (Íáí³÷ÇÝ)
ѳÝí»É-ѳ·Ýí»Éáõ ËóÇÏ:
battle-cruiser [΄bætl‚kru:zə] n ·Í³ÛÇÝ
bathing-place [΄beiðiŋpleis] n, a ÉáÕ³í³Ûñ. ѳͳݳí;
Íáí³÷ÝÛ³: battle-cry [΄bætlkrai] n Ù³ñï³Ï³Ýã, Ù³ñ-
bathroom [΄ba:θru:m] n ÉáÕ³ë»ÝÛ³Ï, Éá- ï³Ïáã. ÷Ëμ. Ïáã, Éá½áõÝ·/ϳñ·³Ëáë:
Õ³ñ³Ý. occupy the ~ ÉáÕ³ë»ÝÛ³ÏÁ ½μ³- battle-field [΄bætlfi:ld] n Ù³ñï³¹³ßï,
Õ»óÝ»É: ÏéíÇ ¹³ßï:
bathtub [΄ba:θtΛb] n í³Ýݳ: battle-fleet [΄bætlfli:t] n ·Í³ÛÇÝ Ý³í³-
bating [΄beitiŋ] prep μ³ó³éáõÃÛ³Ùμ: ïáñÙ:
bat-man [΄bætmən] n é½Ù. ѳÝÓݳϳï³ñ, battle-ground [΄bætlgraund] n å³ï»ñ³½-
μ³Ýμ»ñ: Ù³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ í³Ûñ. ÷Ëμ.
baton [΄bætɒn] n ·³í³½³Ý. áëïÇϳÝÇ Ù³- í»×Ç ³é³ñϳ:
ѳÏ. »ñÅß. ¹ÇñÇÅáñ³Ï³Ý ÓáÕÇÏ. pass the ~ battlement [΄bætlmənt] n ³ï³Ùݳíáñ
¿ëï³ý»ï ÷á˳Ýó»É: å³ñÇëå:
batsman [΄bætsmən] n μ»ÛëμáÉ/ÏñáÏ»ï ˳- battle-piece [΄bætlpi:s] n Ï»ñå³ñ. ׳ϳ-
Õ³óáÕ: ï³Ù³ñï å³ïÏ»ñáÕ Ýϳñ. Ù³ñï³Ýϳñ:
battle-plane 86 beam

battle-plane [΄bætlplein] n ·ñáѳÛÇÝ ÇÝù- ÉáõÍí³Í ¿. (áñå»ë »Õ³Ý³Ï³íáñ μ³Û) You


ݳÃÇé: are not to do that ¸áõ ³Û¹ ãå»ïù ¿ ³Ý»ë. ~
battle-ship [΄bætl∫ip] n ·Í³Ý³í: about Ùï³¹Çñ ÉÇÝ»É. ~ away μ³ó³Ï³ ÉÇÝ»É.
batty [΄bæti] a ËëÏó. ·ÇÅ, Ë»ÉùÁ Ãéóñ³Í. ~ back í»ñ³¹³éݳÉ. ~ for ÏáÕÙݳÏÇó ÉÇ-
She is quite ~ ÈñÇí Ë»ÉùÁ Ãéóñ»É ¿: Ý»É. ~ in ï³ÝÁ/ï»ÕáõÙ ÉÇÝ»É. ~ out ï³ÝÁ/
baulk [bɔ:k] v ËáãÁݹáï»É, ˳ݷ³ñ»É, ï»ÕáõÙ ãÉÇÝ»É. ~ on ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»Ý³É (Ý»ñϳ-
³ñ·»Éù ÉÇÝ»É: Û³óÙ³Ý/ÏÇÝáÛÇ Ù³ëÇÝ). What is on? ƱÝã »Ý
bauxite [΄bɔ:ksait] n »ñÏñμ. μáùëÇï, ³É- Ý»ñϳ۳óÝáõ٠óïñáÝáõÙ/ÏÇÝáÛáõÙ. ~ up
ÛáõÙÇÝÇ Ñ³Ýù³ù³ñ: 1. í»ñç³Ý³É 2. í»ñ Ï»Ý³É 3. áïùÇ »ÉÝ»É ~
bawdy [΄bɔ:di] 1. a ³Ýí³Û»É ³Ýå³ñÏ»ßï. going to å³ïñ³ëïí»É, Ùï³¹Çñ ÉÇÝ»É ³Ý»-
2. n ½³½ñ³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝ: Éáõ. Here is to your success Ò»ñ ѳçáÕáõÃÛ³Ý
bawl [bɔ:l] v μÕ³í»É, ·áé³É. ~ out a song ϻݳóÁ. my wife to ~ ÇÙ ³å³·³ ÏÇÝÁ.
·áé³Éáí »ñ·»É: (ݳ¨ there is/are ϳå³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáõÙ)
bay I [bei] n ³ßËñ·. Íáí³Íáó, Íáí³Ëáñß. There is no doctor in the village ¶ÛáõÕáõÙ μÅÇßÏ
the B~ of Biscay ´ÇëÏ³Û³Ý Íáí³Íáó: ãϳ. There was nobody at home î³ÝÁ áã-áù
bay II [bei] n ×ñï. μ³óí³Íù, áñÙݳËáñß, ãϳñ. (ݳ¨ Here is/are §²Ñ³¦ ϳå³Ïóáõ-
³ñ³Ýù: ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáõÙ) Here are your spectacles ²Ñ³
bay III [bei] n ¹³÷ÝÇ, ¹³÷Ý»åë³Ï ~s Ó»ñ ³ÏÝáóÁ. If it were not for you ºÃ» ¹áõ
¹³÷ÝÇÝ»ñ, ÷³éù. ~ leaf ¹³÷Ýáõ ï»ñ¨: ãÉÇÝ»Çñ:
bay IV [bei] n ѳãáó, áéÝáó (·³ÛÉÇ). ÷Ëμ. beach [bi:t∫] n Íáí³÷. ÉáÕ³÷. heat the ~
Ý»ÕÁ ÉÍ»É. a deer at ~ ѳɳÍí³Í »Õç»ñáõ. be ó³Ù³ù/³÷ ÇçÝ»É/¹áõñë ·³É. ÷Ëμ. be on the
at/ stand at/turn to ~ Ñáõë³Ñ³ï³μ³ñ/ϳ- ~ ëݳÝϳݳÉ, ͳÝñ ¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É:
ï³ÕÇ Ï»ñåáí å³ßïå³Ýí»É. keep at ~ Ùáï beach [bi:t∫] v ³÷ ¹áõñë ·³É/ѳݻÉ. ~ a boat
ãÃáÕÝ»É, Ñ»éáõ å³Ñ»É. keep the creditors at ~ ݳí³ÏÁ ³÷ ѳݻÉ. lie on the ~ in the sun
å³ñï³ï»ñ»ñÇÝ Ñ»éáõ å³Ñ»É: å³éÏ»É ³ñ¨Ç ï³Ï ÉáÕ³÷ÇÝ:
bay [bei] 1. a ³ßËݳ, ³ßË»ï. 2. n ³ßËݳ/ beacon [΄bi:kən] n ËáõóÝß³Ý, ÉáÕ³Ý. ÷³-
³ßË»ï ÓÇ: ñáë. ~ fire/light ³½¹³Ý߳ݳÛÇÝ Ïñ³Ï/ÉáõÛë:
bayonet [΄beiənit] 1. n ëíÇÝ. 2. v ëíÇÝáí bead [bi:d] n áõÉáõÝù³Ñ³ïÇÏ. ~s áõÉáõÝù. ~s
ͳϻÉ, ëíÇݳѳñ ³Ý»É: of sweat ùñïÇÝùÇ Ï³ÃÇÉÝ»ñ. draw a ~ on
bay-window [‚bei΄windəu] n ×ñï. ß»ÝùÇ Ýß³Ý μéÝ»É:
³å³Ï»å³ï, »Éáõëï³Ó¨ å³ïáõѳÝ: bead [bi:d] v áõÉáõÝù ß³ñ»É, áõÉáõÝùáí
bazaar [bə΄za:] n ³ñ¨»ÉÛ³Ý ßáõϳ. μ³½³ñ. ½³ñ¹³ñ»É:
μ³ñ»·áñÍ³Ï³Ý í³×³éù: beady [΄bi:di] a Ù³Ýñ ¨ ÷³ÛÉáõÝ. ~ eyes áõ-
be [bi:] v (was, pl were; p. p. been) ÉÇÝ»É, ·áÛáõ- ÉáõÝùÇ ÝÙ³Ý ³ãù»ñ:
ÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ, ·ïÝí»É. He is a teacher ܳ beagle [΄bi:gl] 1. n áñëϳÝ/áñëÇ ßáõÝ. μ³-
áõëáõóÇã ¿. Business is business ¶áñÍÁ ·áñÍ ñ³Ï. a pack of ~s áñëÏ³Ý ßÝ»ñÇ áÑÙ³Ï. 2. v
¿. Where is he? àñï»±Õ ¿ ݳ. He was very áñëÏ³Ý ßÝ»ñáí áñë ³Ý»É:
young ܳ ß³ï »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹ ¿ñ. The play was beak [΄bi:k] n Ïïáõó, áñ¨¿ Ïïáõó³ÝÙ³Ý
interesting ʳÕÁ Ñ»ï³ùñùÇñ ¿ñ. I`ll be very μ³Ý. hooked/strong ~ Ï»é/³ñï³Ñ³ÛïÇã ùÇÃ:
glad Þ³ï áõñ³Ë ÏÉÇÝ»Ù. (·Ý³É, ³Ûó»É»É) beaker [΄bi:kə] n ·³í³Ã. ëϳѳÏ. Ñ»Õáõ-
Have you ever been to London? ÈáݹáÝáõ٠ϳã³÷, ɳμáñ³ïáñdzÛÇ μ³Å³Ï:
»ñμ¨¿ »Õ»±É »ù. (ï»ÕÇ áõݻݳÉ) When will beam [bi:m] n ׳鳷³ÛÃ, ׳鳷³ÛÃÝ»ñÇ
the wedding be? гñë³ÝÇùÁ »±ñμ ¿ ï»ÕÇ ËáõñÓ. ~ of sun ³ñ¨Ç ׳鳷³ÛÃ. ÷Ëμ.
áõݻݳÉáõ. (³ñŻݳÉ) How much is this? ÷³ÛÉ, ׳׳Ýã, ÅåÇï ~ of smile ÷³ÛÉáõÝ
àñù³±Ý/ƱÝã ³ñÅ». (ï³ñÇù) She is three ܳ ÅåÇï. ÷Ëμ. ~ of hope ÑáõÛëÇ ×³é³·³ÛÃ.
»ñ»ù ï³ñ»Ï³Ý ¿. ûÅ. μ³Û 1. ß³ñáõݳ- (ѻͳÝ, ù³é³ï³ß ·»ñ³Ý). Íáí. ~s μÇÙë,
Ï³Ï³Ý Ó¨»ñáõÙ She was playing chess ܳ ݳí³Ñ»Í³Ý. (Ïß»éùÇ ÉͳÏ) kick/strike the ~
ß³ËÙ³ï ¿ñ ˳ÕáõÙ 2. Ïñ³íáñ³Ï³Ý ë»é ³í»ÉÇ Ã»Ã¨ ÉÇÝ»É. ~ in one’s eye ³ãùÇ ·»-
ϳ½Ù»ÉÇë. The problem is settled ÊݹÇñÁ ñ³Ý. be on the ~ ×Çßï ׳ݳå³ñÑÇ íñ³
beam-end 87 beaten

ÉÇÝ»É. be off the ~ ׳ݳå³ñÑÇó ß»Õí»É: ù³·ÇÍ. ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝ. Ï»óí³Íù. (consider a


beam-end [bi:mend] n ݳíÇ Ù³ëÇÝ be on question) in all its ~s (ѳñóÁ ¹Çï»É) μáÉáñ
one’s ~s ßáõé ·³É, ÏáÕùÇ íñ³ ÁÝÏÝ»É ÷Ëμ. ÏáÕÙ»ñÇó. have no ~ (on the question) áã ÙÇ
íï³Ý·Ç/³Ý»É³Ý»ÉÇ ¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É: ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝ ãáõݻݳÉ(·áñÍÇ Ñ»ï). Íáí.,
bean [bi:n] n ÉáμÇ, μ³Ïɳ. French/kidney/run- ³í. ÏáÕÙÝáñáßáõÙ lose one’s ~ ÏáÕÙÝáñá-
ner ~s ÉáμÇ. coffee ~s ëáõñ×Ç Ñ³ïÇÏÝ»ñ. ßáõÙÁ/׳ݳå³ñÑÁ ÏáñóÝ»É. take/find one’s
ËëÏó. ¹ñ³Ù. not to have a ~ áã ÙÇ ·ñáß ~s ÏáÕÙÝáñáßí»É. ï»Ë. ³é³Ýóù³Ï³É roller
ãáõݻݳÉ. not worth a ~ áã ÙÇ ³ñÅ»ù ãáõÝ»- ~ ·É³Ý³íáñ ³é³Ýóù³Ï³É. ~ finder å»-
ݳÉ. full of ~ ³ßËáõÛÅ, »é³Ý¹áõÝ. spill the ~s ɻݷ³ïáñ. ~ capacity μ»éÝáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ. be
·³ÕïÝÇùÁ ¹áõñë ï³É. ËëÏó. old ~ μ³ñ»- past ~ ³Ýï³Ý»ÉÇ ÉÇÝ»É:
ϳÙ, Í»ñáõÏ: bearish [΄beəri∫] a ³ñç³ÝÙ³Ý. ÷Ëμ. Ïá-
bear [beə] n ³ñç. white/polar ~ ëåÇï³Ï/ åÇï, ³Ýï³ß, μÇñï:
쨻é³ÛÇÝ ³ñç. grizzly ~ ·ñǽÉÇ (³Ù»ñÇÏ- bearskin [΄beəskin] n ³ñçÇ ÙáñÃÇ. ³ñçÇ
Û³Ý ·áñß ³ñç). ~ cub ³ñçáõÏ. ³ëïÕ·. (ѳ- ÙáñÃáõó ϳñ³Í ÷³÷³Ë (ÑïÏå.`
Ù³ëï»ÕáõÃÛáõÝ) Great/Little B~ Ø»Í/öáùñ ³Ý·ÉÇ³Ï³Ý ·í³ñ¹Ç³Ï³ÝÇ):
²ñç. ÷Ëμ. ÏáåÇï, ³Ýï³ß: beast [bi:st] n ·³½³Ý, ϻݹ³ÝÇ. ÷Ëμ. ³Ý³-
bear [beə] v Ïñ»É, ï³Ý»É. ~ in mind ÝϳïÇ ëáõÝ. fierce/wild ~ ϳï³ÕÇ/í³ÛñÇ ·³½³Ý.
áõݻݳÉ. ~ a heavy load ͳÝñáõÃÛáõÝÁ king of ~s ·³½³ÝÝ»ñÇ ³ñù³. ~ of burden
å³Ñ»É, ¹ÇٳݳÉ. ~ a child »ñ»Ë³ ÍÝ»É. He μ»éݳÏÇñ ³Ý³ëáõÝ. ~ of pray ·Çß³ïÇã
is born British ܳ ͳ·áõÙáí μñÇï³Ý³óÇ ¿. ϻݹ³ÝÇ:
~ fruit åïáõÕ/ÙÇñ· ï³É. the efforts bore fruits beastly [΄bi:stli] 1. a ³Ý³ëݳϳÝ, ÏáåÇï.
÷Ëμ. ç³Ýù»ñÁ åïáõÕ ïí»óÇÝ. ~ oneself 2. adv ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ, ³Ýï³Ý»ÉÇ. ½½í»ÉÇ:
Çñ»Ý å³Ñ»É. ~ the responsibility å³ï³ë- beat [bi:t] n (policeman’s) ï»Õ³Ù³ë (áëïÇ-
˳ݳïíáõÃÛáõÝ Ïñ»É. (ï³Ý»É) I can’t ~ his ϳݳϳÝ):
manner â»Ù ϳñáÕ Ýñ³ í³ñí»É³Ï»ñåÁ beat [bi:t] v Ë÷»É, ͻͻÉ, ½³ñÏ»É. ~en to
ï³Ý»É. ~ it a little longer ÙÇ ÷áùñ ¿É ѳÙ- death Ù³Ñáõ ã³÷ Í»Íí³Í. ~ a player Ùñ½.
μ»ñ»É. ~ down ѳÕóѳñ»É. ~ away ߳ѻÉ, ˳ճóáÕÇÝ Ñ³ÕûÉ. ~en unconscious ͻͻ-
ѳÕûÉ. ~ off ß»Õí»É. ~ on í»ñ³μ»ñ»É. ~ out Éáí ³Ý½·³ íÇ׳ÏÇ Ñ³ëóñ³Í. ~ a drum
ѳëï³ï»É, å³ßïå³Ý»É. ~ with ѳßïí»É. ÃÙμáõÏ Ë÷»É. ~ at a door ¹áõéÁ áõÅ»Õ Ã³Ï»É.
~ arms ½»Ýù Ïñ»É. ~ a hand Ù³ëݳÏó»É, ~ a retreat ݳѳÝçÇ ³½¹³Ýß³Ý ï³É. ~ car-
û·Ý»É. ~ resemblance ÝÙ³Ý ÉÇÝ»É, ÝÙ³Ýáõ- pets ·áñ·»ñ/ϳñå»ïÝ»ñ óϻÉ. (μ³μ³-
ÃÛáõÝ Ïñ»É. ~ testimony/witness óáõóÙáõÝùÝ»ñ Ë»É) ~ strongly/fast áõÅ»Õ/³ñ³· μ³μ³Ë»É.
ï³É. ~ courageously Ëǽ³Ë å³Ñ»É: (å³ñïáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ïÝ»É) Our team was ~en
bearable [΄beərəbl] a ѳݹáõñÅ»ÉÇ, ï³Ý»- Ø»ñ ÃÇÙÁ å³ñïí»ó. ËÑñ. Ë÷»É/ѳñ»É, Í»-
ÉÇ: Í»É, Ã³Ï»É ~ eggs/cream Óáõ/ë»ñáõóù Ë÷»É.
beard [biəd] n Ùáñáõù. (ѳëÏÇ) ùÇëï. laugh ~ meat ÙÇë óϻÉ. ~ dough ËÙáñ ÑáõÝó»É. ~
in one’s ~ ùÃÇ ï³Ï ÍÇͳջÉ. pluck by the ~ about the bush ßáõñçÁ åïáõÛï ·³É, ¿áõÃÛ³Ý
ѳٳñÓ³Ï Ï»ñåáí ¹»Ù ¹áõñë ·³É, ѳñ- Ù»ç ãó÷³Ýó»É. ~ against Ë÷í»É, ÷ßñí»É.
Ó³Ïí»É: ~ back »ï ÙÕ»É, í³Ý»É. ~ down ×Ýß»É,
bearded [΄biədid] a ÙÇñáõù³íáñ: ÁÝÏ×»É. ~ the price ·ÇÝÁ ·ó»É. ~ an attack
beardless [΄biədləs] a ³ÝÙáñáõù. a ~ boy /enemy ·ñáÑÁ/ÃßݳÙáõÝ »ï ÙÕ»É. ~ one’s
÷Ëμ. ³Ýμ»Õ, ³ÝÙáñáõù å³ï³ÝÇ: head against a brick wall ·ÉáõËÁ ³ÕÛáõë» å³-
bearer [΄beərə] n ÏñáÕ, μ»éݳÏÇñ. ѳÝÓÝáÕ ïáíÁ ï³É. It’s off my ~ ¸³ ÇÙ ßñç³Ý³ÏÝ»-
(ݳٳÏÁ). (μ»ñù³ïáõ μáõÛë) This tree is a ñÇó ¹áõñë ¿. That ~s me гÝÓÝíáõÙ »Ù. It ~s
good/poor ~ ²Ûë ͳéÁ ɳí/í³ï μ»ñù ¿ me â»Ù ϳñáÕ³Ýáõ٠ѳëϳݳÉ. ~ out a
ï³ÉÇë: rhythm ï³Ïï/éÇÃÙ Ë÷»É. Can you ~ it?
bear-garden [΄beə‚ga:dn] n ÷Ëμ. ³ÕÙÏáï ËëÏó. γñá±Õ »ù å³ïÏ»ñ³óÝ»É:
í³Ûñ, ”μ³½³ñ”: beaten [΄bi:tn] a å³ñïí³Í, ç³Ëç³Ëí³Í.
bearing [΄beəriŋ] n åïÕ³μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. í³ñ- ï³÷³Ï, ³ÝѳÙ. Ñá·Ý³Í, ï³Ýçí³Í. ~
beating 88 bed side

path ѳñÃí³Í ׳ݳå³ñÑ (·Ý³É-·³Éáí). ß³ï í³Û»Éáõã ï»ëù áõÝÇ/ë³½áõÙ ¿:


÷Ëμ Í»Íí³Í áõÕÇ. off the ~ track μ³ÝáõÏ bed [bed] n Ù³Ñ׳ϳÉ, ³ÝÏáÕÇÝ. a single/
׳ݳå³ñÑÇó ¹áõñë/ÙÇ ÏáÕÙ ÁÝϳÍ: double ~ Ù»Ï/»ñÏï»Õ³Ýáó Ù³Ñ׳ϳÉ.
beating [΄bi:tiŋ] n Í»Í, μ³μ³ËáõÙ, å³ñ- feather/spring bed ÷»ïñ³ÉÇó/½ëå³Ý³Ï³-
ïáõÃÛáõÝ: íáñ Ý»ñùݳÏ. camp ~ ͳÉáíÇ Ù³Ñ׳ϳÉ.
beautiful [΄bju:təfl] a ·»Õ»óÇÏ, ãùݳÕ. What make the ~s ³ÝÏáÕÇÝÝ»ñ ·ó»É. make up a ~
a ~ day/weather ƯÝã ãùÝ³Õ ûñ/»Õ³Ý³Ï ¿: for smb Ù»ÏÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ³ÝÏáÕÇÝ ·ó»É. change
beautify [΄bju:tifai] v ·»Õ»óϳóÝ»É, ½³ñ- the ~s ³ÝÏáÕÝáõ ëåÇï³Ï³Õ»ÝÁ ÷áË»É. go
¹³ñ»É: to ~ å³éÏ»É/·Ý³É ùÝ»É/ùÝ»Éáõ. get into/out
beauty [΄bju:ti] n ·»Õ»óÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ·»Õ»ó- of ³ÝÏáÕÇÝ ÙïÝ»É/ ³ÝÏáÕÝáõó í»ñ ϻݳÉ.
ÏáõÑÇ. She is a ~ ܳ ·»Õ»óÏáõÑÇ ¿. That’s the take to one’s ~ ³ÝÏáÕÇÝ ÁÝÏÝ»É, ÑÇí³Ý¹³-
~ of it Üñ³ ÑÙ³ÛùÁ Ñ»Ýó ¹ñ³ Ù»ç ¿, ÑÙ³ÛùÁ ݳÉ. keep one’s ~ ÑÇí³Ý¹ å³éÏ»É, ÙÝ³É ³Ý-
Ñ»Ýó ¹³ ¿. You are a ~ ! Ñ»·Ý. ²åñ»°ë, Ëáëù ÏáÕÝáõÙ. leave one’s ~ ³éáÕç³Ý³É, ³å³-
ãϳ: ~ contest ·»Õ»óÏáõÃÛ³Ý ÙñóáõÛÃ. ~ ùÇÝí»É. give smn a ~ for the night Ù»ÏÇÝ ·Çß»-
queen ·»Õ»óÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ã³·áõÑÇ. ~ parlour ·»- ñ»Éáõ ï»Õ ï³É. ~ and board ûè³Ý ¨
Õ»óÏáõÃÛ³Ý ëñ³Ñ. B~ is in the eye of be- ëÝáõݹ. ~ and breakfast ûè³Ý ¨ ݳ˳׳ß.
holder/ gazer ~ ¶»Õ»óÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¹ÇïáÕÇ unmade ~ ó÷Ã÷í³Í/ãѳí³ùí³Í ³ÝÏá-
³ãù»ñáõÙ ¿. B~ is but skin deep ²ñï³ùÇÝÁ ÕÇÝ a ~ of roses ѳ׻ÉÇ/ûè ÏÛ³Ýù. a ~ of
˳μáõëÇÏ ¿: thorns ͳÝñ/ïÑ³× Ï³óáõÃÛáõÝ. It’s time for
beauty-sleep [΄bju:tisli:p] n í³Õ ùáõÝ (Ï»ë- ~ øÝ»Éáõ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ¿. (ÑáõÝ, ѳï³Ï) ~ of a
·Çß»ñÇó ³é³ç): river ·»ïÇ ÑáõÝ. ~ of the sea/ocean ÍáíÇ/ ûí-
beaver [΄bi:və] n ÏáõÕμ, ÏÕμÇ ÙáñÃÇ: ÏdzÝáëÇ Ñ³ï³Ï. (Ù³ñ·, ÃáõÙμ) a garden ~
becalm [bi΄ka:m] v ѳݷëï³óÝ»É, ѳÝ- μ³Ýç³ñ³ÝáóÇ Ù³ñ·. a ~ of flowers, flower ~
¹³ñï»óÝ»É: ͳÕϳÃáõÙμ. get out of ~ on the wrong side
because [bi΄kɒz] 1. cnj áñáíÑ»ï¨, ù³ÝÇ áñ. Ó³Ë áïùÇ íñ³ í»ñ ϻݳÉ:
not ~ áã û áñáíÑ»ï¨. just ~ Ñ»Ýó áñáí- bed bug [΄bedbΛg] n ÷³ÛïáçÇÉ:
Ñ»ï¨. ~ of. 2. prep å³ï׳éáí, ѻ勉Ý- bed-clothes [΄bedkləuðz] n pl ³ÝÏáÕÝáõ
ùáí. ~ of you Ó»ñ å³ï׳éáí. ~ of lack of ëåÇï³Ï»Õ»Ý.
time Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ãÉÇÝ»Éáõ å³ï׳éáí: bedding [΄bediŋ] n ³ÝÏáÕÝáõ å³ñ³·³Ý»ñ:
beck [bek] n ·ÉËáí/Ó»éùáí áÕçáõÛÝÇ/ϳÝã»- bedeck [bi΄dek] v ½³ñ¹³ñ»É:
Éáõ Ýß³Ý. have at one’s ~ Çñ ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý bedew [bi΄dju:] v óáÕ»É, óáÕáí ͳÍÏ»É:
ï³Ï áõݻݳÉ. be at smb’s ~ Ù»ÏÇ ïñ³- bedgown [΄bedgaun] n ϳݳóÇ ·Çß»ñ³-
Ù³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï ÉÇÝ»É: ½·»ëï:
beckon [΄bekən] v ·ÉËáí/Ó»éùáí Ýß³Ý bed-head [΄bedhed] n ëݳñ, Ù³Ñ׳ϳÉÇ
³Ý»É. He ~ed me ܳ ·ÉËáí Ýß³Ý ³ñ»ó ·ÉËÇ ÏáÕÙÁ:
(Çñ»Ý ѻ層É), Çñ Ùáï ϳÝã»ó: bedim [bi΄dim] v Ùßáõß³å³ï»É (³ãù»ñÁ).
becloud [bi΄klaud] v ³Ùå»ñáí å³ï»É. ÷Ëμ Ùó·Ý»É (áõÕ»ÕÁ):
Ùßáõß³å³ï»É (³ãù»ñÁ). Ùó·Ý»É (áõÕ»ÕÁ): bedlam [΄bedləm] n ·Å³Ýáó (ݳ¨ª ÷Ëμ.):
become [bi΄kΛm] v ¹³éݳÉ. ~ a doctor μÅÇßÏ bedraggle [bi΄drægl] v ó»Ëáï»É, ³Õïáï»É:
¹³éݳÉ. ~ better/worse ɳí³Ý³É/í³ï³Ý³É. bedrid(den) [΄bed‚rid(n)] a ³ÝÏáÕÝÇÝ
(å³ï³Ñ»É) What has ~ of him? Üñ³Ý DZÝã ¿ ·³Ùí³Í:
å³ï³Ñ»É. What has ~ of my book? à±õñ bed-rock [΄bedrɒk] n »ñÏñμ. ÑÇÙݳųÛé,
Ïáñ³í ÇÙ ·ÇñùÁ. (íÇ׳ÏÇ ÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝ) ³å³é:
~ old/pale/poor/rich å³é³í»É/·áõݳïí»É/ bedroom [΄bedru:m] n ÝÝç³ë»ÝÛ³Ï, ÝÝç³-
³Õù³ï³Ý³É/ѳñëï³Ý³É. (ë³½»É) The ñ³Ý:
dress ~s you well ²Ûë ѳ·áõëïÁ Ó»½ ß³ï ¿ bed side [΄bedsaid] n Ù³Ñ׳ϳÉÇ ÏáÕù ~
ë³½áõÙ: table Ù³Ñ׳ë»Õ³Ý, ·Çß»ñ³ÛÇÝ ë»Õ³Ý. ~
becoming [bi΄kΛmiŋ] a í³Û»É, å³ïß³×, sheet ë³í³Ý. ~ manners ÑÇí³Ý¹ÇÝ Ëݳٻ-
ë³½³Ï³Ý. The hat looks most ~ ¶É˳ñÏÁ Éáõ/μáõÅ»Éáõ í³ñí»É³Ó¨. have a good ~ man-
bed-sitting room 89 begin

ner ×Çßï Ùáï»óáõÙ óáõó³μ»ñ»É ÑÇí³Ý¹Ç bees-wax [΄bi:zwæks] n Ù»Õñ³ÙáÙ:


ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ. sit/watch at a person’s ~ ÑÇí³Ý- beet [bi:t] n (ݳ¨ª beetroot) ׳Ïݹ»Õ, μ³-
¹ÇÝ ËݳٻÉ, ³ÝÏáÕÝáõ Ùáï Ýëï»É. The ½áõÏ. white/sugar ~ ß³ù³ñÇ ×³Ïݹ»Õ:
doctor has no ~ manner ´ÅÇßÏÁ μÅßÏ³Ï³Ý beetle [΄bi:tl] n μ½»½. blind as a ~ μáÉáñáíÇÝ
ï³ÏïÇó ½áõñÏ ¿£ ÏáõÛñ:
bed-sitting room [‚bed΄sitiŋru:m] n ÝÝç³- beetle [΄bi:tl] a ϳËí³Í, Ï³Ë ÁÝϳÍ:
ÑÛáõñ³ë»ÝÛ³Ï: beetle [΄bi:tl] v ϳËí»É, Ï³Ë ÁÝÏÝ»É:
bedsore [΄bedsɔ:] n å³éϻɳѳñáõù: beetle-browed [΄bi:tlbraud] a ÑáÝù»ñÁ ÏÇ-
bedspread [΄bedspred] n ³ÝÏáÕÝáõ ͳÍ- ï³Í:
Ïáó: beetroot [΄bi:tru:t] n ׳Ïݹ»Õ:
bedstead [΄bedsted] n Ù³Ñ׳ϳÉ: befall [bi΄fɔ:l] v å³ï³Ñ»É, ï»ÕÇ áõݻݳÉ.
bedtime [΄bedtaim] n ùÝ»Éáõ ųÙ(³Ý³Ï). A strange thing befell him Üñ³ Ñ»ï ï³ñûñÇ-
My ~ is ten oclock ºë ùÝáõÙ »Ù ųÙÁ ï³ëÇÝ: Ý³Ï μ³Ý å³ï³Ñ»ó:
bee [bi:] n Ù»Õáõ. ÷Ëμ. ³ß˳ï³ë»ñ/ç³Ý³- befit [bi΄fit] v ë³½»É. ɳí Ýëï»É. It doesn’t ~
ë»ñ Ù³ñ¹. worker ~ ³ß˳ïáÕ Ù»Õáõ. queen you ø»½ í³Û»É ã¿/ãÇ ë³½áõÙ£
~ Ù³Ûñ Ù»Õáõ. a swarm of ~s Ù»ÕáõÝ»ñÇ befool [bi΄fu:l] v ˳μ»É, ÑÇÙ³ñ³óÝ»É:
å³ñë. have a ~ in one’s bonnet ï³ñûñÇݳ- before [bi΄fɔ:] 1. adv ³é³ç. ~ long ßáõïáí.
ÏáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ: long ~ ß³ï ³é³ç, í³Õáõó Ç í»ñ. 2. prep
bee-bread [΄bi:‚bred] n ͳÕϳ÷áßÇ ³é³ç, ݳËù³Ý, ÙÇÝ㨠~ my own eyes ÇÙ
(ãÙß³Ïí³Í Ù³ëÁ): ë»÷³Ï³Ý ³ãù»ñÇ ³éç¨. the day ~ yesterday
beech [bi:t∫] n, a ѳ׳ñ»ÝÇ. ѳ׳ñ»Ýáõ, »ñ»Ï ã¿ ³é³çÇ ûñÁ. appear ~ the judge
ѳ׳ñ³Í³éÇ: ¹³ï³íáñÇ ³é³ç ѳÛïÝí»É. ~ now ÙÇÝã¨
beef [bi:f] n ï³í³ñÇ ÙÇë. tender ~ Ýáõñμ ÙÇë. ÑÇÙ³, ݳËÏÇÝáõÙ. ~ dinner/war ׳ßÇó/å³-
tough ~ Ïáßï ÙÇë. horse ~ ÓÇáõ ÙÇë. corned ~ ï»ñ³½ÙÇó ³é³ç. 3. cnj ݳËù³Ý, ù³ÝÇ
³Õ ¹ñ³Í ÙÇë. ÷Ëμ. ·»ñ Ù³ñ¹, Ùë³·áõݹ: ¹»é, ÙÇÝã¨. He gave me a ring ~ leaving
beefeater [΄bi:f‚i:tə] n ³Ý·ÉÇ³Ï³Ý ³ñùáõ- ܳËù³Ý Ù»ÏÝ»ÉÁ ݳ ÇÝÓ ½³Ý·»ó. ~ you
ÝÇùÇ ½ÇÝíáñ. å³Ñ³Ï ³áõ»ñáõÙ: forget ù³ÝÇ ¹»é ã»ë Ùáé³ó»É.
beefsteak [΄bi:fsteik] n μÇýßï»ùë: beforehand [bə΄fɔ:hænd] adv ݳËûñáù,
beef-tea [‚bi:f΄ti:] n ËÇï Ùë³çáõñ, ³ñ·³- ϳÝ˳å»ë. Tickets must be reserved ~
ݳÏ: îáÙë»ñÁ å»ïù ¿ ϳÝ˳å»ë å³ïíÇñ»É.
beef-witted [‚bi:f΄witid] a ÑÇÙ³ñ, μóÙÇï: on being paid ~ áñ ݳËûñáù í׳ñ»Ý:
beefy [΄bi:fi] a Ùëáï, ÙϳݻÕ, ³Ùáõñ: before-mentioned [bi΄fɔ:men∫(ə)nt] a í»-
bee-garden [΄bi:‚ga:d(ə)n] n ÷»Ã³Ï³Ýáó, ñáÑÇßÛ³É, í»ñÁ Ýßí³Í:
Ù»Õí³Ýáó: befriend [bi΄frend] v ÁÝÏ»ñ³Ý³É. Ùï»ñÙ³-
beehive [΄bi:haiv] n ÷»Ã³Ï: ݳÉ. μ³ñ»Ï³Ù³μ³ñ í»ñ³μ»ñí»É:
beekeeper [΄bi:‚ki:pə] n Ù»Õí³μáõÛÍ. beg [beg] v Ëݹñ»É, ³Õ³ã»É, ѳÛó»É. I ~ged
beekeeping [΄bi:ki:piŋ] n Ù»Õí³μáõÍáõ- him to help me ºë Ëݹñ»óÇ Ýñ³Ý ÇÝÓ û·Ý»É.
ÃÛáõÝ: He ~ged me for advice ܳ ÇÝÓÝÇó ËáñÑáõñ¹
bee-line [΄bi:lain] n áõÕÇÕ ³ídz·ÇÍ: Ëݹñ»ó. We ~ged him not to go that day Ø»Ýù
beer [biə] n ·³ñ»çáõñ. small~ ÃáõÛÉ ·³ñ»- ³Õ³ãáõÙ ¿ÇÝù, áñ ݳ ³Û¹ ûñÁ ã·Ý³. (Ùáõ-
çáõñ. ÷Ëμ. ãÝãÇÝ/³ÝÝß³Ý μ³Ý. dark/light ~ ñ³É) ~ in the streets ÷áÕáóáõÙ Ùáõñ³óϳÝáõ-
Ùáõ·/μ³ó ·³ñ»çáõñ. canned ~ å³Ñ³ÍáÛ³ó- ÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É. go ~ing Ùáõñ³óϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ
í³Í ·³ñ»çáõñ (Ù»ï³ÕÛ³ ïáõ÷»ñáí). a- ³Ý»É:
bottle/glass of ~ ÙÇ ßÇß/μ³Å³Ï ·³ñ»çáõñ. beget [bi΄get] v ÍÝ»É, ³é³ç³óÝ»É, ³é³ç
think no small ~ of oneself Çñ Ù³ëÇÝ Ù»Í μ»ñ»É:
ϳñÍÇù áõݻݳÉ: beggar [΄begə] n Ùáõñ³óϳÝ. ~ neighbour po-
beerhouse [΄biəhaus] n ·³ñ»çñ³ïáõÝ: licy ѳñ¨³ÝÇÝ ëݳÝϳóÝ»Éáõ ù³Õ³ù³-
beer-parlor [biə΄pa:lə] n ³Ù. ·³ñ»çñ³- ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
ïáõÝ: begin [bi΄gin] v ëÏë»É. ~ reading ëÏë»É ϳñ-
beginner 90 believe

¹³É. ~ with Ý³Ë ¨ ³é³ç. Let’s ~ êÏë»Ýù. ~ ï³ÝùáõÙ Ñ»ï ÙݳÉ. I’m ~ with everything
at the ~ning ëϽμÇó ëÏë»É. ~ at the wrong end today ºë ³Ûëûñ áãÇÝã ã»Ù ѳëóÝáõÙ. Ùñ½. be
ë˳É/áã ³ÛÝ ï»ÕÇó ëÏë»É. ~ over ÝáñÇó ~ on points ÙdzíáñÝ»ñáí Ñ»ï ÙݳÉ. What’s
ëÏë»É. ~ the day off ³Û¹ ûñÁ μ³ó³Ï³Û»Éáõ ~ all this? ƱÝã ¿ óùÝí³Í ³Ûë μáÉáñÇ Ñ»-
ÃáõÛÉïíáõÃÛáõÝ Ëݹñ»É. Well begun is half ï¨áõÙ. It’s all ~ us now ²ÛÅÙ ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã ³ñ¹»Ý
done ȳí ëÏǽμÁ ·áñÍÇ Ï»ëÝ ¿. The comcert Ñ»ï¨áõÙ ¿. ~ the times Ñ»ï³Ùݳó. His ideas
began at 6 o’clock гٻñ·Á ëÏëí»ó ųÙÁ are ~ the times ܳ Ñ»ï³Ùݳó ѳ۳óùÝ»ñÇ
6-ÇÝ. It began to rain ²ÝÓñ¨ ëÏëí»ó: ï»ñ Ù³ñ¹ ¿:
beginner [bi΄ginə] n ëÏëݳÏ. English for ~s behold [bi΄həuld] v ݳۻÉ, ÝßÙ³ñ»É, Ýϳï»É:
³Ý·É»ñ»Ý ëÏëݳÏÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ: beholden [bi΄həuldən] a, predic »ñ³Ëï³-
beginning [bi΄giniŋ] n ëÏǽμ, ëϽμݳíá- å³ñï, å³ñï³Ï³Ý. be ~ to smn for smth
ñáõÃÛáõÝ. from ~ to end ëϽμÇó ÙÇÝ㨠í»ñç: »ñ³Ëï³å³ñï ÉÇÝ»É áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ:
begrudge [bi΄grΛdз] v ½É³Ý³É, ³÷ëáë»É, beholder [bi΄həuldə] n ѳݹÇë³ï»ë, ³Ï³-
ËݳۻÉ. ݳ˳ÝÓ»É. ~ one’s good fortune ݳï»ë:
Ù»ÏÇ μ³ËïÇÝ Ý³Ë³ÝÓ»É: beige [beiз] n μ»Å ·áõÛÝ:
beguile [bi΄gail] v ˳μ»É, áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ being [΄bi:iŋ] 1. pres. p ÉÇÝ»Éáí. 2. a Ý»ñϳ,
߻ջÉ. ~ smb with promises ËáëïáõÙÝ»ñáí ³éϳ. for the time ~. Ý»ñϳÛáõÙë, ³é³ÛÅÙ:
˳μ»É. ~ smn into doing smth ѳÙá½»É (˳- being [΄bi:iŋ] n Ï»óáõÃÛáõÝ, ÏÛ³Ýù, ¿³Ï. hu-
μ»Éáí) áñ¨¿ μ³Ý ³Ý»É. (Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ³Ýóϳó- man/living ~ Ù³ñ¹Ï³ÛÇÝ/ϻݹ³ÝÇ ¿³Ï. hu-
Ý»É) ~ the time by telling stories Å³Ù³Ý³Ï man ~s Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ. come into ~ ͳ·»É. call into
³ÝóϳóÝ»É å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ å³ïÙ»Éáí£ ~ ÏÛ³ÝùÇ Ïáã»É:
behalf [bi΄ha:f] n in/on ~ of ³ÝáõÝÇó. in smb’s belated [bi΄leitid] a áõß³ó³Í. ~ apologies
~ ѳÝáõÝ, û·ïÇÝ. He spoke on my ~ ܳ áõß³ó³Í ÃáÕáõÃÛáõÝ:
Ëáë»ó ÇÙ û·ïÇÝ. He is speaking on ~ of his belaud [bi΄lɔ:d] v ·áí³μ³Ý»É:
sister ܳ ËáëáõÙ ¿ Çñ ùñáç ³ÝáõÝÇó: belch [belt∫] n ½Ïéïáó, μËÏáó:
behave [bi΄heiv] v Çñ»Ý å³Ñ»É, í³ñí»É. ~ belch [belt∫] v ½Ïéï³É, μËϳÉ. ųÛÃù»É. The
oneself Çñ»Ý ɳí å³Ñ»É. know how to ~ ϳ- volcano was ~ing flames Ðñ³μáõËÁ Ïñ³Ï ¿ñ
ñáÕ³Ý³É Çñ»Ý ϳñ·ÇÝ å³Ñ»É. ~ meanly/ ųÛÃùáõÙ:
disrgacefully ëïáñ/˳Ûï³é³Ï Ó¨áí å³Ñ»É. belcher [΄belt∫ə] n ˳Ûï³μÕ»ï ϳßÝ»:
~ well/ill courageously ɳí/í³ï/Ëǽ³Ë belfry [΄belfri] n ½³Ý·³Ï³ïáõÝ:
å³Ñ»É. Children, ~ yourselves! ºñ»Ë³Ý»ñ, Belgian [΄beldзən] 1. n μ»É·Ç³óÇ. 2. a μ»É-
Ó»½ ϳñ·ÇÝ å³Ñ»ù. (Ù»ù»Ý³ÛÇ Ù³ëÇÝ) ·Ç³Ï³Ý:
³ß˳ï»É The car is ~ing well today ²Ûëûñ belie [bi΄lai] v ½ñå³ñï»É, ã³ñ³Ëáë»É. ã³ñ-
Ù»ù»Ý³Ý É³í ¿ ³ß˳ïáõÙ: ¹³ñ³óÝ»É:
behaviour [bi΄heivjə] n í³ñù, í³ñù³·ÇÍ. belief [bi΄li:f] n ѳí³ï, ¹³í³Ý³Ýù. íëï³-
He was on his best ~ ܳ Çñ»Ý ÑáÛ³Ï³å ¿ñ ÑáõÃÛáõÝ. ϳñÍÇù. ѳÙá½ÙáõÝù. ~ in God
å³ÑáõÙ. I can’t understand his ~ â»Ù ϳ- ѳí³ï ²ëïÍáõÝ. heathen ~s ѻóÝáë³-
ñáÕ³ÝáõÙ Ýñ³ í³ñù³·ÇÍÁ ѳëϳݳÉ. vi- Ï³Ý Ñ³í³ï. superstitious ~s ëݳѳí³-
olent ~ ¹³Å³Ý í³ñù³·ÇÍ. abusive ~ íÇñ³- ïáõÃÛáõÝ. strong ~ áõÅ»Õ Ñ³Ùá½ÙáõÝùÝ»ñ.
íáñ³Ï³Ý í³ñù³·ÇÍ. code of ~ í³ñ- religious ~s ÏñáÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ùá½ÙáõÝùÝ»ñ.
ùÇ/í³ñù³·ÍÇ Ï³Ýáݳ·Çñù: freedom of ~ ѳí³ïÇ/¹³í³Ý³ÝùÇ ³½³-
behead [bi΄hed] v ·É˳ï»É: ïáõÃÛáõÝ. beyond ~ ³Ýѳí³ï³ÉÇ. pass ~
behind [bi΄haind] adv, prep Ñ»ï¨Á, Ñ»ï¨Çó, ³Ýѳí³ï³ÉÇ ÉÇÝ»É. I haven’t much ~ in doc-
Ñ»ï¨áõÙ. ~ the scenes ÏáõÉÇëÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï¨áõÙ, tors Þ³ï ã»Ù ѳí³ïáõÙ/íëï³ÑáõÙ μÅÇßÏ-
Ñ»ïÏáõÉÇë³ÛÇÝ. He is standing ~ ܳ h»- Ý»ñÇÝ. to the best of my ~ áñù³Ý(áí) ÇÝÓ
ï¨áõÙ ¿ ϳݷݳÍ. come up from ~ h»ï¨Çó ѳÛïÝÇ ¿:
Ùáï»Ý³É. Look ~! лï ݳÛÇñ. ~ the house believe [bi΄li:v] v ѳí³ï³É, íëï³Ñ»É. ϳñ-
ï³Ý Ñ»ï¨áõÙ. from ~ the clouds ³Ùå»ñÇ Í»É, »Ýó¹ñ»É. hardly ~ ѳ½Çí ѳí³ï³É.
Ñ»ï¨Çó. (Ñ»ï ÙݳÉ) be ~ in the work ³ß˳- B~ me or not Îáõ½»ù ѳí³ï³ó»ù, Ïáõ½»ù
believer 91 bend

áã. He deserves to be ~d ܳ ³ñųÝÇ ¿ íëï³- historical period ï³ñμ»ñ å³ïÙ³Ï³Ý ßñç³-


ÑáõÃÛ³Ý. I ~ he is here γñÍáõÙ »Ù, áñ ݳ ÝÇ í»ñ³μ»ñ»É. (³é³ç³Ý³É, ͳ·»É) He ~s
³Ûëï»Õ ¿. I ~ so γñÍáõÙ »Ù (³Ûá). I ~ not to Ireland ܳ ͳ·áõÙáí Çéɳݹ³óÇ ¿. She
ã»Ù ϳñÍáõÙ, ѳ½Çí û. He is ~d to be in doesn’t ~ here ܳ ³Ûëï»Õ³óÇ ã¿, ͳ·áõÙáí
Madrid γñÍáõÙ »Ý/ºÝó¹ñáõÙ »Ý, áñ ݳ ³Ûëï»ÕÇó ã¿. (áñáß³ÏÇ ï»Õ) Where do these
س¹ñǹáõÙ ¿: books ~? àñï»±Õ ¿ ³Ûë ·ñù»ñÇ ï»ÕÁ:
believer [bi΄li:və] n ѳí³ï³óÛ³É. true ~ belongings [bi΄lɒŋiŋz] n pl å³ïϳݻÉÇù,
áõÕÕ³÷³é: ï³Ý Çñ»Õ»Ý, áõÝ»ó³Í-ãáõÝ»ó³ÍÁ:
belittle [bi΄litl] v Ýí³½»óÝ»É, å³Ïë»óÝ»É, beloved [bi΄lΛvd] a ëÇñ»ÉÇ, ëÇñ»óÛ³É:
÷áùñ³óÝ»É. ÷Ëμ. Ýë»Ù³óÝ»É: below [bi΄ləu] 1. adv Ý»ñù¨áõÙ, ó³ÍáõÙ,
bell I [bel] n ½³Ý·(³Ï). ring the ~ ½³Ý·»É, ëïáñ¨. They live ~ Üñ³Ýù Ý»ñù¨áõÙ »Ý ³å-
½³Ý·Á Ë÷»É/ï³É. pull the ~ ¹é³Ý ½³Ý·Á ñáõÙ. the lines quoted ~ Ý»ñù¨áõÙ Ù»ç μ»ñ-
ï³É. answer the ~ ½³Ý·ÇÝ å³ï³ë˳ݻÉ, í³Í ïáÕ»ñÁ. see ~ ï»ë Ý»ñù¨áõÙ. 2. prep ~
¹áõéÁ μ³ó»É. Here goes the ~ ¼³Ý·áõÙ »Ý. sea level ÍáíÇ Ù³Ï»ñ»ëÇó ó³Íñ. ~ the bridge
The ~ has gone ¼³Ý·Ý ³ñ¹»Ý ÑÝã»É ¿. alarm ϳÙñçÇ ï³Ï. (ï³Ï, ó³Í) ~ the average
~ ³Ñ³½³Ý·, ﳷݳ峽³Ý·. That name ÙÇçÇÝÇó ó³Íñ. ~ criticism ³Ù»Ý ï»ë³Ï
rings/doesn’t ring a ~ with me ²Û¹ ³ÝáõÝÁ ÇÝÓ ùÝݳ¹³ïáõÃÛáõÝÇó ó³Íñ. ~ the age of 16
ÇÝã-áñ μ³Ý ¿ ³ëáõÙ/áãÇÝã ãÇ ³ëáõÙ. sound 16ï³ñ»Ï³ÝÇó ó³Íñ:
as a ~ ³éáÕç, ³éáõÛ·. μëμ. ͳÕϳμ³Å³Ï: belt [belt] n ·áïÇ. ï»Ë. ÷áÏ., »ñÏñμ.,
bell II [bel] n ·áéáó, μ³é³ã: ³ßË·ñ. ½áݳ, ·áïÇ leather/broad/narrow ~
bellboy [΄belbɔi] n ëå³ëÛ³Ï (ÑÛáõñ³Ýá- ϳßí»/ɳÛÝ/Ý»Õ ·áïÇ. put on/fasten/unfasten
óáõÙ): the ~ ·áïÇÝ Ï³å»É/³Ùñ³óÝ»É/³ñӳϻÉ.
belle [bel] n ·»Õ»óÏáõÑÇ. ó·áõÑÇ (å³ñ³- safety ~ ³Ýíï³Ý·áõÃÛ³Ý ·áïÇ. tighten one’s
ѳݹ»ëÇ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ): ~ ·áïÇÝ åݹ³óÝ»É. hit/strike below the ~
belles-lettres [‚bel΄letrə] n pl ·»Õ³ñí»ë- ¹³í³×³Ý³Ï³Ý ѳñí³Í ѳëóÝ»É. fan ~
ï³Ï³Ý ³ñÓ³Ï ·ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ£ û¹³÷áËÇãÇ ÷áÏ. green ~ ϳݳ㠷áïÇ. con-
bell-flower [΄belflauə] n μëμ. ½³Ý·³Ï³Í³- veyer ~ ѳñ³ÑáëÇ ÷áÏ. ~ drive ÷áϳѳ-
ÕÇÏ: Õáñ¹³Ï:
bellicose [΄belikəus] a é³½Ù³ï»Ýã, é³½Ù³- belt-saw [΄beltsɔ:] n »ñǽ³ëÕáó:
ßáõÝã: bemoan [bi΄məun] v áÕμ³É:
belligerency [bi΄lidзrənsi] n å³ï»ñ³½Ù³- bench [bent∫] n Ýëï³ñ³Ý. garden/park ~ ³Û-
Ï³Ý ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ: ·áõ/½μáë³Û·áõ Ýëï³ñ³Ý. ùÕù. ï»Õ å³é-
belligerent [bə΄lidзrənt] n å³ï»ñ³½ÙáÕ. ɳٻÝïáõÙ. cross ~ å³éɳٻÝïÇ ³ÝÏáõ-
the ~ countries å³ï»ñ³½ÙáÕ »ñÏñÝ»ñ: ë³Ïó³Ï³Ý ³Ý¹³ÙÝ»ñÇ Ýëï³ñ³Ý. ~ peo-
bellow [΄beləu] n μ³é³ã, ÙéÝãÛáõÝ. ÷Ëμ. ple å³ßïáÝ۳ݻñ. the B~ ¹³ï³ñ³Ý, ¹³-
÷áÃáñÏÇ/ÑáÕÙÇ Ó³ÛÝ£ ï³íáñÝ»ñ. ¹³ï³íáñÇ ³Ãáé. sit on the ~
bellow [΄beləu] v μ³é³ã»É, ÙéÝã³É. ÷Ëμ. ¹³ï»É. be on the ~ ¹³ï³íáñ ÉÇÝ»É. carpen-
μÕ³í»É, ·áé³É: ter’s work ~ ·áñͳë»Õ³Ý, ¹³½·³Ñ:
belly [΄beli] n ÷áñ, áñáí³ÛÝ, ëï³Ùáùë. bencher [΄bent∫ə] n Çñ³í³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý ÁÝÏ»-
÷Ëμ. ³ËáñųÏ, ß³ï³Ï»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. Hungry ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³í³·:
~ has no ears ¸³ï³ñÏ ÷áñÇÝ ×³é ã»Ý benchmark [΄bent∫ma:k] n »É³Ï»ï. ~ posi-
³ëáõÙ: tion »É³Ï»ï³ÛÇÝ ¹Çñù. ~ statistics ݳËݳ-
belly-ache [΄belieik] 1. n ÷áñ³ó³í, ëï³- Ï³Ý íÇ׳ϳ·ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
Ùáùë³ó³í. 2. v ËëÏó. ÃÝ·ÃÝ·³É, ÝíÝí³É: bench-warmer [΄bent∫‚wɔ:mə] n ËëÏó.
belly-pinched [΄belipint∫t] a ëáí³ï³Ýç, ·áñͳ½áõñÏ, ³Ý³å³ëï³Ý:
ù³ÕóÇ Ù³ïÝí³Í: bend [bend] v ûù(í)»É, Íé(í)»É. ~ forward
belong [bi΄lɒŋ] v å³ïϳݻÉ. Who does the ³é³ç ûùí»É. I can’t easily ~ ºë ¹Åí³-
house ~ to? à±õÙ ¿ å³ïϳÝáõÙ ³Ûë ïáõÝÁ. ~ ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ »Ù Ã»ùíáõÙ. ~ wire Ù»ï³Õ³É³ñÁ
to a club ³ÏáõÙμÇ ³Ý¹³Ù ÉÇÝ»É. ~ to different Íé»É. ~ one’s head ·ÉáõËÁ ËáݳñÑ»É. go
bend 92 beside

down on ~ed knees ÍÝϳãáù ÇçÝ»É. on the ~ bent [bent] n ѳÏáõÙ, Ó·ïáõÙ. have a ~ for
³Ý³½ÝÇí ׳ݳå³ñÑáí: smth áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ áõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ áõݻݳÉ.
bend [bend] n ÏáñáõÃÛáõÝ, ûùáõÙ. áÉáñ³Ý, follow one’s ~ Ñ»ï¨»É Çñ ѳÏáõÙÝ»ñÇÝ. to the
åïáõÛï. a sharp ~ in the road ׳ݳå³ñÑÇ top of one’s ~ áõ½³ÍÇ ã³÷£
ÏïñáõÏ ßñç³¹³ñÓ: bent [bent] a ûùí³Í, ѳÏí³Í. be ~ with age
beneath [bi΄ni:θ] 1. adv Ý»ñù¨áõÙ, ó³ÍáõÙ. ï³ñÇùÇó Ïáñ³Ý³É. with eyes ~ on the ground
2. prep. ï³Ï, ó³Í. sit ~ a tree ͳéÇ ï³Ï ³ãù»ñÁ ·»ïÝÇÝ Ñ³é³Í (³ÝѳñÙ³ñáõÃÛáõ-
Ýëï»É. ~ our (very) eye (áõÕÇÕ) Ù»ñ ³ãù»ñÇ ÝÇó). He is ~ on becoming a doctor ܳ Ùï³-
³é³ç. ~ one’s breath ÏÇë³ßßáõÏáí. Such con- ¹Çñ ¿ μÅÇßÏ ¹³éݳÉ:
duct is ~ you ²ÛëåÇëÇ í³ñù³·ÇÍÁ Ó»½ ãÇ benumb [bi΄nΛm] 1. v Áݹ³ñÙ³óÝ»É,
ë³½áõÙ. ~ one (Ù»ÏÇ) ³ñųݳå³ïíáõÃÛáõ- ÃÙñ»óÝ»É. 2. a ~ed óñïÇó ÷³Ûï³ó³Í.
ÝÇó ó³Íñ. ~ criticism ùÝݳ¹³ïáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñ- ÃÙñ³Í:
ųÝÇ ãÉÇÝ»É/ó³Í ÉÇÝ»É. be ~ notice áõß³¹- benzyl [΄benzil] n ùÇÙ. μ»Ý½ÇÉ:
ñáõÃÛ³Ý ã³ñųݳݳÉ, ³ñųÝÇ ãÉÇÝ»É. bequeath [bi΄kwi:ð] v Ïï³Ï»É, ³í³Ý¹
marry ~ one ³Ýѳٳå³ï³ë˳Ý/³Ýѳ- ÃáÕÝ»É (ß³ñÅ³Ï³Ý ·áõÛù)£
í³ë³ñ ³ÙáõëÝáõÃÛáõÝ: bequest [bi΄kwest] n ųé³Ý·áõÃÛáõÝ. He left
benediction [‚beni΄dik∫n] n ûñÑÝáõÃÛáõÝ: ~ of money to his grandchildren àñå»ë ų-
benefaction [‚beni΄fæk∫n] n μ³ñ»ñ³ñáõ- é³Ý·áõÃÛáõÝ Ý³ ÷áÕ ÃáÕ»ó Çñ ÃáéÝ»ñÇÝ:
ÃÛáõÝ, ÝíÇñ³ïíáõÃÛáõÝ; berate [bi΄reit] v ³Ù. ѳݹÇٳݻÉ,
benefactor [΄benifæktə] n μ³ñ»ñ³ñ, ÝíÇ- Ïßï³Ùμ»É:
ñ³ïáõ: bereave [bi΄ri:v] v ½ñÏ»É:
beneficial [‚beni΄fi∫l] a ߳ѳí»ï, û·ï³- bereaved [bi΄ri:vd] a ѳñ³½³ïÝ»ñÇó
ϳñ. μ³ñÛ³ó³Ï³Ù: ½ñÏí³Í, áñμ³ó³Í. the ~ wife ³ÛñÇ. He is re-
beneficiary [‚beni΄fi∫əri] n Çñ³í. ߳ѳéáõ cently ~ ܳ í»ñç»ñë Ïáñóñ»ó Çñ ÏÝáçÁ:
~ ûf a pension Ãá߳ϳéáõ. potential ~ Ñݳ- bereavement [bi΄ri:vmənt] n ͳÝñ Ïá-
ñ³íáñ ߳ѳéáõ: ñáõëï:
benefit [΄benifit] n û·áõï, ß³Ñ. for one’s ~ berry [΄beri] 1. n ѳï³åïáõÕ. ˳ídzñÇ
Ù»ÏÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ/û·ïÇÝ. be of much ~ û·ï³- ÷áùñÇÏ Ñ³ïÇÏ. 2. v ѳï³åïáõÕ ï³É/
ϳñ ÉÇÝ»É. not to be of much ~ ³é³ÝÓݳå»ë ѳí³ù»É:
û·ï³Ï³ñ ãÉÇÝ»É. mutual ~ ÷á˳¹³ñÓ berth [bə:θ] n ùÝ»Éáõ ï»Õ í³·áÝáõÙ
ß³Ñ. (Ýå³ëï, Ï»Ýë³Ãáß³Ï) ~ in cash upper/lower ~ í»ñ¨Ç/Ý»ñù¨Ç ùݳï»Õ ϳËá-
Ýå³ëï ¹ñ³Ùáí. unemployment ~ ·áñͳ- íÇ ³ÝÏáÕÇÝ Ý³íáõÙ. ݳí³ËóÇÏ. ÝÝç³-
½áõñÏÝ»ñÇ Ýå³ëï. maternity/sickness ~ Ù³Û- ËóÇÏ. ˳ñë˳ϳ۳Ý. (å³ßïáÝ) a good ~
ñáõÃÛ³Ý/ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛ³Ý Ýå³ëï. old-age ~ ߳ѳí»ï å³ßïáÝ. a smug ~ ï³ùáõÏ ï»Õ.
Í»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ýå³ëï. have the ~ of ³é³í»Éáõ- give a wide ~ ËáõÛë ï³É, Ñ»éáõ ÙݳÉ:
ÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉÁ. a ~ performance (ݳ¨ª ~ beryl [΄berəl] n ÑÝù. μ»ñÇÉ:
night) μ»Ý»ýÇë. give smn a ~ of the doubt beseech [bi΄si:t∫] v ³Õ³ã»É, Ëݹñ»É. a ~ing
³é³ÛÅÙ ã¹³ï»É (áñ¨¿ Ù»ÏÇÝ): ³Õ³ã³Ï³Ý. ~ look/tone ³Õ³ã³Ï³Ý ѳ-
benefit [΄benifit] v û·áõï ù³Õ»É, ß³Ñ ëï³- Û³óù/ ïáÝ, Ó³ÛÝ:
ݳÉ. ~ from the sea air ÍáíÇ û¹Çó û·áõï beset [bi΄set] v ßñç³å³ï»É, å³ß³ñ»É. ~
ëï³Ý³É: with questions ѳñó»ñáí ݻջÉ/ï³ñ³÷ ï»-
benevolence [bə΄nevələns] n μ³ñ»·áñÍáõ- Õ³É. be ~ by doubts ϳëϳÍÝ»ñáí å³ß³ñ-
ÃÛáõÝ, ³é³ï³Ó»éÝáõÃÛáõÝ. μ³ñÛ³ó³Ï³- í³Í ÉÇÝ»É. a pûlicy ~ with difficulties μ³ñ¹áõ-
ÙáõÃÛáõÝ, μ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ: ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí ÑÕÇ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
benevolent [bə΄nevələnt] a μ³ñÛ³ó³Ï³Ù, beside [bi΄said] prep ÏáÕùÇÝ, Ùáï. He stood ~
μ³ñ»ëÇñï. ³é³ï³Ó»éÝ: me ܳ Ï³Ý·Ý³Í ¿ñ ÇÙ ÏáÕùÇÝ. The house
benign [bə΄nain] a μ³ñÇ, Ù»ÕÙ. ³éáÕç³- was ~ the sea îáõÝÁ ·ïÝíáõÙ ¿ñ ÍáíÇ Ùáï.
ñ³ñ. ~ air/climate ³éáÕç û¹/ÏÉÇÙ³. μÅßÏ. The road runs ~ the river ֳݳå³ñÑÝ ³Ýó-
μ³ñáñ³Ï (áõéáõóù ¨ ³ÛÉÝ): ÝáõÙ ¿ ·»ïÇ ÏáÕùáí. (¹áõñë) That’s ~ the
besides 93 betake

point ¸³ ѳñóÇÝ ãÇ í»ñ³μ»ñáõÙ/ѳñóÇó ëï³Ëáë. ~ thrashing ë³ëïÇÏ/áõÅ»Õ Í»Í.


¹áõñë ¿. ~ the question ѳñóÇó ¹áõñë, áã Áëï You had ~ confess Ò»½ ѳٳñ É³í³·áõÛÝ
¿áõÃÛ³Ý. ~ oneself ë³ëïÇÏ Ñáõ½í³Í, Çñ»Ý »ÉùÁ Ëáëïáí³Ý»ÉÝ ¿. (³Ù»ÝÇó ß³ï) the ~
Ïáñóñ³Í. She seems dull ~ her sister Æñ ùñáç hated man ³Ù»Ý³³ï»ÉÇ Ù³ñ¹Á. be at one’s
ÏáÕùÇÝ Ý³ μ³í³Ï³Ý ·áñß/³ÝÑ»ï³ùñùÇñ ~ É³í³·áõÛÝ íÇ׳ÏáõÙ/ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý
¿ ÃíáõÙ: Ù»ç. make the ~ of things ãÁÝÏ×í»É. ɳí³-
besides [bi΄saidz] 1. adv μ³óÇ ¹ñ³ÝÇó/³Û¹. ·áõÛÝ Ó¨áí û·ï³·áñÍ»É. do smth for the ~
2. prep. μ³óÇ. ~ Nick μ³óÇ ÜÇùÇó/ãѳßí³Í ɳí Ýå³ï³Ïáí ³Ý»É. do one’s ~ Ó»éùÇó
ÜÇùÇÝ. ~ I was very tired ´³óÇ ³Û¹ »ë ß³ï »Ï³ÍÁ ³Ý»É, ç³Ýù ãËݳۻÉ. have the ~ of it
Ñá·Ý³Í ¿Ç. Didn’t she say anything ~ that? ѳÕûÉ. have the ~ of everything áõݻݳÉ
¸ñ³ÝÇó μ³óÇ Ý³ áõñÇß áãÇÝã ã³ë³±ó: ³Ù»Ý³É³íÁ. make the ~ of one’s way ßï³-
besiege [bi΄si:dз] v å³ß³ñ»É, ßñç³å³ï»É. å»É. to the ~ of one’s power áõÅÁ Ý»ñ³ÍÇÝ
Troy was ~d by the Greeks îñáÛ³Ý å³ß³ñ- ã³÷. the ~ part of the time ųٳݳÏÇ Ù»Í
í³Í ¿ñ ÑáõÛÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó. (ݻջÉ) The teacher Ù³ëÁ. for the ~ part of an hour ѳٳñÛ³ ÙÇ
was ~d with questions ¸³ë³ïáõÇÝ Ñ³ñó»ñáí ³ÙμáÕç ųÙ. with the ~ will in the world ÇÝã-
ݻջóÇÝ: ù³Ý ¿É ó³Ýϳݳë/áõ½»Ý³ë. make the ~ use
besieger [bi΄si:dзə] n å³ß³ñáÕ ÏáÕÙÁ: É³í³·áõÛÝ Ó¨áí û·ï³·áñÍ»É. Which do you
beslaver [bi΄slævə] v Ãùáï»É. ÷ëÉÝùáï»É. like ~? à±ñÝ »ù ³Ù»ÝÇó ß³ï ѳí³ÝáõÙ.
÷Ëμ. ßáÕáùáñûÉ: You know ~ ¸áõù ³Ù»ÝÇó É³í ·Çï»ù. Do as
besmear [bi΄smiə] v Ï»Õïáï»É, ³Õïáï»É: you think ~ ²ñ³ ÇÝãå»ë ·Çï»ë. ~ of all ³Ù»-
besom [΄bi:zəm] n ó³Ë³í»É, ³í»É: ݳɳíÁ. get the ~ of the bargain ³é³í»Éáõ-
bespangle [bi΄spæŋgl] v ÷³Ûɳ½³ñ¹»É, ·»- ÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ. It will be ~ ²í»ÉÇ É³í ÏÉÇÝÇ.
Õ³½³ñ¹»É. the ~d sky ³ëïÕ³ÉÇó »ñÏÇÝùÁ: ~ of all ³Ù»ÝÇó ß³ï:
bespatter [bi΄spætə] v ó»Ëáï»É. ÷Ëμ. bestead [bi΄sted] v û·Ý»É, ͳé³Û»É, û·ï³-
³ñ³ï³íáñ»É: ϳñ ÉÇÝ»É:
bespeak [bi΄spi:k] v ݳËûñáù å³Ûٳݳ- bestial [΄bestiəl] a ³Ý³ëݳϳÝ, ÏáåÇï,
íáñí»É/å³ïíÇñ»É, ³å³Ñáí»É. ~ a table in a í³Ûñ»ÝÇ:
restaurant é»ëïáñ³ÝáõÙ ë»Õ³Ý å³ïíÇñ»É. bestir [bi΄stə:] v ç³Ý³É, ç³Ýù ·áñͳ¹ñ»É:
~ a room in a hotel ѳٳñ å³ïíÇñ»É ÑÛáõ- B~ yourself! Þ³ñÅíÇ°ñ:
ñ³ÝáóáõÙ. All the rooms are already bespoken bestow [bi΄stəu] v å³ñ·¨»É, ßÝáñÑ»É:
´áÉáñ ѳٳñÝ»ñÝ ³ñ¹»Ý ½μ³Õ»óí³Í »Ý. bestowal [bi΄stəuəl] n ßÝáñÑ, å³ñ·¨:
His polite manners ~ him a gentleman Üñ³ ù³- bestrew [bi΄stru:] v ó³Ý»É, ß³Õ ï³É:
Õ³ù³í³ñÇ ß³ñÅáõÓ¨Á íϳÛáõÙ ¿, áñ ݳ bestride [bi΄straid] v Ñ»ÍÝ»É, Ñ»Í³Í Ýëï»É:
ç»ÝïÉÙ»Ý ¿/ÏÇñà ٳñ¹ ¿: best seller [‚best΄selə] n ·Ý³ÛáõÝ ·Çñù. ·Ý³-
bespectacled [bi΄spektəkld] a ³ÏÝáó³íáñ: ÛáõÝ ·ñùÇ Ñ»ÕÇݳÏ:
besprinkle [bi΄spriŋkl] v óáÕ»É, ß³Õ ï³É, bestselling [‚best΄seliŋ] a Ù»Í å³Ñ³Ýç³ñÏ
ëñëÏ»É: áõÝ»óáÕ:
best [best] a, adv ³Ù»Ý³É³í, É³í³·áõÛÝ. the bet [bet] n ·ñ³½, ˳ճ·áõÙ³ñ. make a ~
~ of the children »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñÇó É³í³·áõÛÝÁ. ·ñ³½ ·³É. lose/win the ~ ·ñ³½Á ï³ÝáõÉ
the ~ of the day ûñí³ É³í³·áõÛÝ Ù³ëÁ/ ï³É/߳ѻÉ. by a ~ that ·ñ³½áí, áñ. This
³ñ¨áï Ù³ëÁ. The ~ of it is ... ¸ñ³ ɳí³- horse is a good ~ ²Ûë ÓÇÝ Ñ³ëï³ï Ïß³ÑÇ:
·áõÛÝÝ ³ÛÝ ¿... the ~ you can do ³Ù»Ý³ß³- bet [bet] v ·ñ³½ ·³É, íÇ×»É. ~ anything ³Ù»Ý
ïÁ, áñ ¹áõù ϳñáÕ »ù ³Ý»É. put one’s Sun- ÇÝãáí ·ñ³½ ·³É. I never ~ ºë »ñμ»ù áñ¨¿
day the ~ ѳ·Ý»É ïáÝ³Ï³Ý ½·»ëï. all the ~ μ³ÝÇ íñ³ ·ñ³½ ã»Ù ·³ÉÇë. I don’t ~ öáÕáí
³Ù»Ý³ÛÝ μ³ñÇù. at ~ É³í³·áõÛÝ ¹»åùáõÙ. ·ñ³½ ã»Ù ·³ÉÇë. I’ll ~ ¶ñ³½ Ï·³Ù. You ~!
It’s all for the ~ ²Ù»Ý ÇÝã ɳí ÏÉÇÝÇ. to the ~ ËëÏó. ÆѳñÏ»:
of my knowledge ÇÝãù³Ý ÇÝÓ Ñ³ÛïÝÇ ¿. betake [bi΄teik] v ¹ÇÙ»É (ÇÝã-áñ μ³ÝÇ). ~ one-
(ٻͳ·áõÛÝ, ³Ù»Ý³Ù»Í) the ~ part of self to ·Ý³É, áõÕ¨áñí»É. ~ oneself to one’s
ٻͳ·áõÛÝ Ù³ëÁ. ~ liar ѳÛïÝÇ/³ÝáõÕÕ»ÉÇ heels ÷³ËáõëïÇ ¹ÇÙ»É:
bethink 94 bias

bethink [bi΄θiŋk] v ËáñÑ»É, Ùïáñ»É. ~ one- ~ ourselves Ù»ñ Ù»ç, ·³ÕïÝdzμ³ñ. ~ hay
self ÑÇß»É, Ùï³μ»ñ»É: and grass áã ³Ûë ¿, áã ³ÛÝ. ~ the devil and the
betoken [bi΄təukn] v ݳ˳·áõ߳ϻÉ, ϳÝ- deep sea »ñÏáõ Ïñ³ÏÇ ³ñ³ÝùáõÙ. ~ this and
˳·áõ߳ϻÉ: that ³½³ï ųٳݳÏ. far and few ~ ß³ï
betray [bi΄trei] v Ù³ïÝ»É, ¹³í³×³Ý»É. ~ ѳ½í³¹»å. ~ one thing and another ·áñÍ»-
one’s principles ëϽμáõÝùÝ»ñÇÝ ¹³í³×³Ý»É. ñáí ͳÝñ³μ»éÝí³Í. They bought the car ~
~ a secret ·³ÕïÝÇùÁ ѳÛïÝ»É. His eyes ~ed the four of them Üñ³Ýù ãáñëáí ·Ý»óÇÝ Ù»ù»-
him ²ãù»ñÁ Ýñ³Ý ¹³í³×³ÝáõÙ/Ù³ïÝáõ٠ݳÝ. betwixt and ~ áã ³Ûë, áã ¿É ³ÛÝ:
¿ÇÝ. ~ oneself Çñ»Ý Ù³ïÝ»É: beverage [΄bevəridз] n ÁÙå»ÉÇù, ËÙÇãù£
betrayal [bi΄treiəl] n Ù³ïÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ¹³í³- bevy [΄bevi] n »ñ³Ù, Ñáï. ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳ-
׳ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: ë³ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ (ÑïÏå.ª ϳݳÝó):
betrayer [bi΄treiə] n Ù³ïÝÇã, ¹³í³×³Ý: bewail [bi΄weil] v áÕμ³É, ë·³É:
betroth [bi΄trəuð] v Ý߳ݻÉ: beware [bi΄weə] v ½·áõ߳ݳÉ. B~ of dogs!
betrothal [bi΄trəðl] n Ý߳ݹñ»ù, Ý߳ݳ¹- ¼·áõß³ó»°ù ßÝ»ñÇó. ~ of strangers/pick-pock-
ñáõÃÛáõÝ: kets ½·áõß³Ý³É ³ÝͳÝáÃÝ»ñÇó/·ñå³Ý³-
betrothed [bi΄trəuðd] a Ýß³Ýí³Í: ѳïÝ»ñÇó. B~ when crossing the road ¼·áõ-
better [΄betə] a ³í»ÉÇ É³í, ³í»ÉÇÝ. ~ ß³ó»ù ÷áÕáóÝ ³ÝóÝ»ÉÇë:
method/way/life ³í»ÉÇ É³í Ù»Ãá¹/׳ݳ- bewilder [bi΄wildə] v ß÷áûóÝ»É, ßí³ñ»ó-
å³ñÑ/ÏÛ³Ýù. be/get ~ ³í»ÉÇ É³í ½·³É. (so) Ý»É. She was ~ed by the big city Ø»Í ù³Õ³ùÁ
much ~ ß³ï ³í»ÉÇ É³í. none the ~ μáÉáñá- Ýñ³Ý ßí³ñ»óñ»ó:
íÇÝ ¿É ɳí ã¿. grow/get ~ ɳí³Ý³É. feel much bewilderment [bi΄wildəmənt] n ß÷áÃáõ-
~ ß³ï ³í»ÉÇ É³í ½·³É. be ~ than one’s word ÃÛáõÝ, ß÷áÃÙáõÝù:
Ëáëï³ó³ÍÇó ³í»ÉÇÝ ³Ý»É. no ~ than a fool bewitch [bi΄wit∫] v ϳ˳ñ¹»É, ÑÙ³Û»É,
ϳï³ñÛ³É ÑÇÙ³ñ. ~ off ³í»ÉÇ Ñ³ñáõëï. ¹ÛáõûÉ:
for ~ for worse ÇÝã ¿É áñ ÉÇÝÇ. the quicker the bewitching [bi΄wit∫iŋ] a ϳ˳ñ¹Çã. ~ smile/
~ ÇÝãù³Ý ³ñ³· ³ÛÝù³Ý ɳí. get the ~ of child ϳ˳ñ¹Çã ÅåÇï, Ññ³ß³ÉÇ »ñ»Ë³:
one’s shyness ³Ù³ãÏáïáõÃÛáõÝÁ ѳÕóѳ- beyond [bi΄jɒnd] prep ³ÛÝ ÏáÕÙ, ³Ý¹ÇÝ. ~
ñ»É. My curiosity got the ~ of me л- the seas Íáí»ñÇó ³Ý¹ÇÝ. Don’t go ~ the yard
ï³ùñùñ³ëÇñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÇÝÓ å³ï»ó/ѳÕ- ´³ÏÇó ß³ï ÙÇ Ñ»é³Ý³. (í»ñ) ~ doubt/con-
ûó. get the ~ of the quarrels ѳÕÃ»É í»×»- trol ϳëϳÍÇó/ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛáõÝÇó í»ñ. ~ rea-
ñáõÙ. think all the ~ of a person Ù³ñ¹áõ Ù³ëÇÝ sonable doubt ˻ɳÙÇï ϳëϳÍÇó ¹áõñë. ~
³í»ÉÇ É³í ϳñÍÇù ϳ½Ù»É/ϳñÍÇùÇ ÉÇÝ»É: me Ç٠ѳëϳóáõÃÛáõÝÇó í»ñ. (áõß) ~ the ap-
better [΄betə] n ջϳí³ñ ³ÝÓÇÝù, å»ï»ñ. pointed hour Ý߳ݳÏí³Í ųÙÇó áõß. Don’t
get the ~ of ѳÕûÉ: stay out ~ ten Å. 10-Çó áõß ¹ñëáõÙ ãÙݳë. ~
better [΄betə] adv ³í»ÉÇ É³í. it would be ~ my powers ÇÙ áõÅ»ñÇó í»ñ. live ~ one’s means
³í»ÉÇ É³í ÏÉÇÝ»ñ. no ~ than ³í»ÉÇ É³íÁ ã¿. ßé³ÛÉ ³åñ»É (ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇó ³í»ÉÇ). ~ reach
He is no ~ than a thief ܳ ·áÕÇó ɳí ã¿. think ³Ýѳë³Ý»ÉÇ. ~ belief ³ÝÑݳñÇÝ. ~ hope
~ of smth ÙÇïùÁ ÷áË»É. I know ~ ÆÝÓ ã»ë ³ÝÑáõÛë. ~ measure ã³÷Çó ³í»ÉÇ. It is ~ re-
˳μÇ. ÏïÏ. one’s ~ half ÏÇÝÁ, ³ÙáõëÇÝÁ: pair ²ÝÑݳñÇÝ ¿ ¹³ í»ñ³Ýáñá·»É. (μ³óÇ)
better [΄betə] v ɳí³óÝ»É. ~ oneself ³í»ÉÇ ~ her pension Ãáß³ÏÇó μ³óÇ. I have no rea-
μ³ñÓñ å³ßïáÝ/³ß˳ï³í³ñÓ ëï³Ý³É£ sons ~ those ´³óÇ ¹ñ³ÝóÇó »ë áõñÇß
betterment [΄betəmənt] n áõÕÕáõÙ, ×ßïáõÙ å³ï׳éÝ»ñ ãáõÝ»Ù. (Ñ»éíáõÙ) B~ could be
ϳï³ñ»É³·áñÍáõÙ. social ~ ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý seen the lake лéíáõ٠ϳñ»ÉÇ ¿ñ ï»ëÝ»É
μ³ñ»É³íáõÙ: ÉÇ×Á£
betting [΄betiŋ] n ·ñ³½: beyond [bi΄jɒnd] n the ~ ѳݹ»ñÓÛ³É ÏÛ³Ýù.
between [bi΄twi:n] prep, adv ÙÇç¨. in ~ ÙÇç¨. the back of ~ ³ß˳ñÑÇ Í³ÛñÁ:
~ the door and the window ¹é³Ý ¨ å³ïáõѳ- bias [΄baiəs] n ß»ÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ûùáõÃÛáõÝ, ß»-
ÝÇ ÙÇç¨. ~ two and three months »ñÏáõëÇó ÕáõÙ. cut on the ~ ß»Õ ·Íáí Ïïñ»É/Ó¨»É. have
»ñ»ù ³ÙÇë, »ñÏáõ-»ñ»ù ³Ùëí³ ÁÝóóùáõÙ. ~ against ϳÝË³Ï³É Ï³ñÍÇù Ù»ÏÇ Ýϳï-
bias 95 bile

Ù³Ùμ/û·ïÇÝ. ~ in favour ѳÏí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. gen- bidding [΄bidiŋ] n ·ÝÇ ³é³ç³ñÏ. Ññ³Ù³Ý.
der ~ ë»é³ÛÇÝ ÏáÕÙݳϳÉáõÃÛáõÝ. without open ~ μ³ó ë³Ï³ñÏ:
~ ³ÝϳÝ˳ϳÉ: biennial [bai΄eniəl] n »ñϳÙÛ³Ï. μëμ. »ñ-
bias [΄baiəs] v ߻ջÉ, ѳÙá½»É, ݳ˳ïñ³- ϳÙÛ³ μáõÛë£
Ù³¹ñ»É. a ~ed opinion ϳÝË³Ï³É Ï³ñÍÇù£ bier [biə] n ¹Ç³Ï³éù, ¹³·³Õ:
bib [bib] v ËëÏó. ÏáÝÍ»É. ËÙ»Éáõ ѳÏáõÙ biff [bif]1. n ËëÏó. áõÅ»Õ Ñ³ñí³Í. 2.v ѳñ-
áõݻݳÉ: í³Í»É, Ë÷»É:
bib [bib] n Ù³ÝÏ³Ï³Ý ÏñÍϳÉ: bifocal [‚bai΄fəukl] 1. a »ñÏýáÏáõë³ÛÇÝ. 2.n
bibber [΄bibə] n ËëÏó. ѳñμ»óáÕ, ËÙáÕ: »ñÏýáÏáõë³ÛÇÝ ³ÏÝáó:
Bible [΄baibl] n ²ëïí³Í³ßáõÝã. ÷Ëμ. bifurcate [‚bai΄fə:keit] 1. a »ñÏ×ÛáõÕ, »ñ-
Ùßï³å»ë û·ï³·áñÍíáÕ/ë»Õ³ÝÇ ·Çñù: ϳïí³Í: 2. v [΄baifəkeit] »ñϳï»É, »ñÏ-
biblical [΄biblikl] a μÇμÉdzϳÝ: ×ÛáõÕ³íáñí»É:
bibliography [‚bibli΄ɒgrəfi] n Ù³ï»Ý³- big [big] 1. a Ù»Í, Ëáßáñ. This dress /coat is too
·ñáõÃÛáõÝ: ~ for me ²Ûë ѳ·áõëïÁ/í»ñ³ñÏáõÝ ß³ï Ù»Í
bibliophile [΄bibliəfail] n ·ñù³ë»ñ, Ù³ï»- ¿ ÇÝÓ Ñ³Ù³ñ. ~ μǽݻë Ëáßáñ ϳåÇ-
ݳë»ñ: ï³É/μǽݻë. (ϳñ¨áñ, Ý߳ݳϳÉÇó) ~ per-
bicameral [bai΄kæmrəl] a ùÕù. »ñÏå³É³ï, son/question ϳñ¨áñ ³ÝÓ/ѳñó look ~ áõ-
»ñÏå³É³ï³ÛÇÝ: é³Í/÷ùí³Í ï»ëù áõݻݳÉ. in a ~ way ó-
bicarbonate [bai΄ka:bənət] a ùÇÙ. »ñϳÍ- ÷áí. ³ÝËݳ ÷áÕ Í³Ëë»Éáí. (ã³÷³Ñ³ë,
˳ÃÃí³ÛÇÝ: ѳëáõݳó³Í) He is already a ~ boy ܳ
bicentenary [‚baisen΄ti:nəri] n, a »ñÏѳñ- ³ñ¹»Ý ã³÷³Ñ³ë ïÕ³ ¿. ~ money ÷áÕ³ÛÇÝ
Ûáõñ³ÙÛ³Ï, »ñÏѳñÛáõñ³ÙÛ³: Ù³·Ý³ïÝ»ñ, ûÉÇ·³ñË. ~ head ÇÝùݳѳ-
bicentennial [‚baisen΄teniəl] a »ñÏѳñÛáõñ- í³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ brass μ³ñÓñ³ëïÇ×³Ý ½ÇÝ-
³ÙÛ³, Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ 200 ï³ñÇÝ Ù»Ï íáñ³Ï³Ý. ~ bug »ñ¨»ÉÇ Ù³ñ¹. (ݳ¨ª
ÏñÏÝíáÕ: ͳÕñ.). too ~ for one’s boots ÇÝùݳíëï³Ñ.
biceps [΄baiseps] n ϽÙË. »ñÏ·ÉáõË ÙϳÝ, ~ mouth Ù»Í μ»ñ³Ý, ٻͳËáë. ~ news
μÇó»åë: ϳñ¨áñ Éáõñ. That’s ~ of you ¸áõù ß³ï
bicker [΄bikə]1. n ÏéÇí, í»×. 2. v Ïéí»É, ٻͳÑá·Ç »ù. ~ repair ϳåÇï³É í»ñ³-
íÇ×»É. They are always ~ing Üñ³Ýù ³ÝÁݹ- Ýáñá·áõÙ. ËëÏó. ~ time ѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ top
ѳï ÏéíáõÙ »Ý: ÏñÏ»ëÇ ·Ùμ»Ã. ~ tree μëμ. ë»ÏíáÛ³. 2. adv
biconcave [bai΄kɒŋkeiv] a »ñÏ·á·³íáñ: talk ~ å³ñͻݳÉ, Ù»Í-Ù»Í Ëáë»É. think ~
biconvex [bai΄kɒnveks] a »ñÏáõéáõóÇÏ: ɳÛݳËáÑ Ùï³Í»É:
bicycle [΄baisikl]1. n ѻͳÝÇí. ride a ~ Ñ»- bigamy [΄bigəmi] n »ñϳÙáõëÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
ͳÝÇíáí ·Ý³É. go/come by ~ ѻͳÝÇíáí Big Ben [‚big΄ben] n ³Ý·ÉÇ³Ï³Ý å³éɳ-
·Ý³É/·³É. 2. v ѻͳÝÇí ùß»É/Ýëï»É: Ù»ÝïÇ ß»ÝùÇ íñ³ÛÇ Å³Ù³óáõÛóÁ:
bicyclist [΄baisiklist] n ѻͳÝíáñ¹: bight [bait] n Íáó, Ëáñß. ·»ïÇ áÉáñ³Ý:
bid [bid] 1. v Ññ³Ù³Û»É. ·ÇÝ ³é³ç³ñÏ»É. Do bigot [΄bigət] n ÙáÉ»é³Ý¹, ÙáÉÇ ÏáÕÙݳÏÇó.
as you are bid (den) ²ñ»ù ÇÝãå»ë Ññ³Ù³Û- a ~ed ý³Ý³ïÇÏáë:
í³Í ¿. ~ fair ËáëïáõÙÝ»ñ ï³É. final ~ í»ñç- bigwig [΄bigwig] n ËëÏó. ³½¹»óÇÏ Ù³ñ¹:
Ý³Ï³Ý ·ÇÝ. (ѳÛï³ñÏ ³Ý»É) ~ for contract bijou [΄bi:зu:] n Ù³Ýñ ½³ñ¹»Õ»Ý, ·áѳñ:
å³Ûٳݳ·ñÇ Ñ³Ûï ³é³ç³ñÏ»É. ~ fare- bike [baik] (ËëÏó. bycicle-Çó) ѻͳÝÇí£
well/good-bye Ññ³Å»ßï ï³É. ~ welcome bikini [bi΄ki:ni] n μÇÏÇÝÇ (ϳݳóÇ ÉáÕ³-
áÕçáõÝ»É. ~ against /up ·ÇÝÝ ³í»É³óÝ»É. ½·»ëï):
ÃÕÃË. Whose ~ ? à±í ¿ ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÙ. ~ two bilabial [bai΄leibiəl] a ÑÝã. »ñÏßñÃݳÛÇÝ:
clubs »ñÏáõ ˳ã ѳÛï³ñ³ñ»É. 2. n ³é³- bilateral [bai΄lætrəl] a »ñÏÏáÕÙݳÛÇÝ, »ñÏ-
ç³ñÏ, ѳÛï. ·ÝÇ ³é³ç³ñÏ. ë³Ï³ñÏíáÕ ÏáÕÙ. ~ contract »ñÏÏáÕÙ³ÝÇ å³Ûٳݳ·Çñ:
·ÇÝ. ~ sheet ·Ý³óáõó³Ï. sham ~ Ï»ÕÍ Ñ³Ûï: bilberry [΄bilbəri] n ѳí³Ùñ·Ç. red ~ ѳ-
bidder [΄bidə] n ·Ýáñ¹ (³é¨ïñ³Ï³Ý ·áñ- å³É³ë:
ͳñùÝ»ñáõÙ)£ bile [bail] n É»ÕÇ, Ù³ÕÓ. ÷Ëμ. Ù³ÕÓáïáõ-
bilge 96 binding

ÃÛáõÝ, ·ñ·éí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ: billiard-marker [΄biljəd‚ma:kə] n μÇ-


bilge [bildз] n (ݳíÇ) ѳï³Ï, ï³Ï. ~ water Édzñ¹Ç ëå³ë³ñÏáõ, Ù³ñÏ»ñ:
ݳí³Ùμ³ñáõ٠ѳí³ùí³Í çáõñ: billiards [΄biljədz] n pl μÇÉdzñ¹:
biliary [΄biljəri] a Ù³ÕÓÇ, É»Õáõ. ÷Ëμ. billion [΄biljən] n, num μÇÉÇáÝ. ³Ù. ÙÇÉdzñ¹:
Ù³ÕÓáï: billow [΄biləu] 1. n ÏáѳÏ, μ³ñÓñ ³ÉÇù.
bilingual [bai΄liŋgwəl] a É»½í. »ñÏÉ»½áõ: μÝëï. Íáí. ÷Ëμ. Ù»Í ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. 2. v
bilious [΄biliəs] a ɻճó÷áõÃÛ³Ùμ ï³é³- ³É»ÏáÍí»É, í»ñ μ³ñÓñ³Ý³É:
åáÕ. Ù³ÕÓ³ÛÇÝ. feel ~ ëñï˳éÝáõù ½·³É/ billowy [΄biləui] a ³É»ÏáÍ (Íáí). ³ÉÇù³-
áõݻݳÉ. have a ~ attack ëñï˳éÝáó áõÝ»- ÝÙ³Ý, ³Ýѳñà (í³Ûñ):
ݳÉ: bill-poster [΄bil‚pəustə] n ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõ-
bilk [bilk] v ˳μ»É. å³ñïù»ñ í׳ñ»Éáõó ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ÷³ÏóÝáÕ£
Ëáõë³÷»É: bill-sticker [΄bil‚stikə] n ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõ-
bilker [΄bilkə] n ëñÇϳ, ˳μ»μ³, ˳ñ¹³Ë ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ÷³ÏóÝáÕ£
Ù³ñ¹. billy-goat [΄biligəut] n ³ñáõ ³ÛÍ:
bill I [bil] n Ïïáõó. Ý»Õ Ññí³Ý¹³Ý: bi-monthly [‚bai΄mΛnθli] 1. a »ñÏáõ ³ÙÇëÁ
bill II [bil] n ûñÇݳ·ÇÍ, μÇÉ. ~ before the par- Ù»Ï ÉáõÛë ï»ëÝáÕ. 2. adv »ñÏáõ ³ÙÇëÁ Ù»Ï
lament ùÝݳñÏíáÕ ûñÇݳ·ÇÍ. first reading of ³Ý·³Ù:
a ~ ûñÇݳ·ÍÇ ³é³çÇÝ ÁÝûñóáõÙ. preamble bin [bin] n ³Ùμ³ñ, ëݹáõÏ. rubbish/litter ~ ³Õ-
of a ~ ûñÇݳ·ÍÇ Ý³Ë³μ³Ý. introduce /bring μ³Ù³Ý. dust ~ ³Õμ³ñÏÕ:
in a ~ ûñÇݳ·ÇÍÁ ÙïóÝ»É. pass the ~ ûñÇݳ- binary [΄bainəri] a »ñÏáõ Ù³ëÇó μ³Õϳó³Í.
·ÇÍÝ ÁݹáõÝ»É. throw out the ~ ûñÇݳ·ÇÍÁ »ñϳÏÇ, ÏñÏݳÏÇ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ coded »ñÏáõ³-
Ù»ñÅ»É. (ѳÛó) find a true ~ ·áñÍÁ ¹³ï³- Ï³Ý Ïá¹³íáñí³Í. ~ digit/numeral »ñÏáõ³-
ñ³Ý ï³É. ignore the ~ ·áñÍÁ ϳñ×»É: Ï³Ý Ãí³Ýß³Ý:
bill III [bil] n ѳßÇí. telephone/hotel ~ Ñ»é³- bind [baind] n ËëÏó. μ»é, ͳÝñ Ñá·ë. an
ËáëÇ/ÑÛáõñ³ÝáóÇ Ñ³ßÇí. make out a ~ awful ~ ³Ñ³íáñ μ»é. what a ~ ÇÝã ͳÝñ
ѳßÇí ¹áõñë ·ñ»É. pay/foot the ~ ѳßÇíÁ Ñá·ë/μ»é:
÷³Ï»É/í׳ñ»É. put down on the ~ ѳßíÇ Ù»ç bind [baind] v ϳå»É. ~ smb hand and foot
ÙïóÝ»É. ³Ù. μ³ÝÏÝáï, ÃÕó¹ñ³Ù. a ten Ó»éùÝ áõ áïùÁ ϳå»É. ÷Ëμ. Ó»éÁ-áïùÁ
dollar ~ 10 ¹áɳñ ÃÕó¹ñ³Ù. (ÙáõñѳÏ) ϳå»É. (ÙdzóÝ»É) ~ twû parcels together
ݳ¨ ~ of exchange. bank ~ μ³ÝϳÛÇÝ Ùáõñ- »ñÏáõ ϳåáó ÙdzóÝ»É. (³Ùñ³óÝ»É) ~
ѳÏ. ~ of lading/parcels μ»éݳ·Çñ/ ³åñ³Ý- firm/tightly ³Ùáõñ ³Ùñ³óÝ»É. ϳ½Ù»É (·Çñ-
ù³·Çñ. ~ of credit ѳßí³ñϳ·Çñ. (³½¹, ùÁ) have the books bound ·ñù»ñÁ ϳ½Ù»É
ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ) Adamyan was ~ed to ap- ï³É. (åݹ³Ý³É, ϳñÍñ³Ý³É) Clay ~s when
pear in Hamlet гÛï³ñ³ñí»ó, áñ гÙÉ»ïÇ heated î³ù³óÝ»ÉÇë ϳíÁ ϳñÍñ³ÝáõÙ ¿.
¹»ñÁ Ïϳï³ñÇ ²¹³ÙÛ³ÝÁ. That will fill the (å³ñï³íáñ»óÝ»É) ~ oneself å³ñï³íáñ-
~ ¸³ ѳñÙ³ñ Ï·³/ÏÉÇÝÇ. ~ of fare ׳߳- í»É. be bound ëïÇåí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. ~ up í»ñùÁ
óáõó³Ï. ~ of health ³éáÕçáõÃÛ³Ý íϳ۳- ϳå»É. ~ a person to secrecy ·³Õïݳå³-
ϳÝ. ~ of sale í³×³é³·Çñ B~ of Rights ²ØÜ ÑáõÃÛ³Ý å³ñï³íáñ»óÝ»É. ~ smb appear in
Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ûï³ñ³ñ³·Çñ. fill the ~ court å³ñï³íáñ»óÝ»É ¹³ï³ñ³Ý Ý»ñϳ-
÷Ëμ. å³Ñ³ÝçÝ»ñÁ μ³í³ñ³ñ»É: ۳ݳÉ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ of names ³ÝáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ï³å»-
bill [bil] v Ïïáõó ÏïáõóÇ ï³É, Çñ³ñ ÷³- ÉÁ:
Õ³ùß»É, ··í»É. ݳ¨ª ~ and coo: binder [΄baində] n ϳ½Ù³ñ³ñ:
billboard [΄bilbɔ:d] n ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ- bindery [΄baindəri] n ϳ½Ù³ïáõÝ:
Ý»ñÇ ï³Ëï³Ï: binding [΄baindiŋ] 1. n ·ñùÇ Ï³½Ù. ϳå.
billet [΄bilit] n í³é»É³÷³ÛïÇ Ïïáñ, Ïá×Õ. íÇñ³Ï³å. ~ of names ÑÙÏñ·. ³ÝáõÝÝ»ñÇ
ï»Ë. Ù»ï³ÕÛ³ ÓáÕ, ÓáõɳÏá×Õ: ϳå»ÉÁ. on ~ å³ñï³¹Çñ. 2. a ϳåáÕ,
billet-doux [‚bilei΄du:] n ÏïÏ. ëÇñ³ïáÙë: å³ñï³íáñ»óÝáÕ. a ~ promise å³ñï³íá-
billiard [΄biljəd] a μÇÉdzñ¹Ç. ~ cue μÇÉdzñ- ñ»óÝáÕ/ϳåáÕ ËáëïáõÙ. ~ fee å³ñï³¹Çñ
¹Ç ÓáÕ. ~ room μÇÉdzñ¹Ç ë»ÝÛ³Ï: í׳ñ£
bindweed 97 bit

bindweed [΄baindwi:d] n μëμ. å³ï³ïáõÏ: μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ) give ~ to ÍÝ»É, áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ


bine [bain] n ÁÝÓÛáõÕ, ßÇí: ÍÝáõݹ ï³É. still ~ Ù»é³Í »ñ»Ë³ÛÇ ÍÝáõݹ.
binge [bindз] n ËëÏó. Ëñ³Ë׳Ýù, Ï»ñáõ- ~ control ÍÝ»ÉÇáõÃÛ³Ý/ÍÝáõݹݻñÇ ù³Ý³ÏÇ
ËáõÙ. go on a ~ Ï»ñáõËáõÙ ³Ý»É: ·ñ³ÝóáõÙ. ~ certificate ÍÝݹ³Ï³Ý. registra-
bingo [΄biŋgəu] n ³Ù. Éáïá: tion of ~ ÍÝáõݹݻñÇ ·ñ³ÝóáõÙ. two at a ~
binocular [bi΄nɒkju:lə] n, a »ñϹÇï³Ï, »ñÏíáñÛ³Ï. ~ leave ݳ˳ÍÝÝ¹Û³Ý ¨ Ñ»ï-
μÇÝáÏáõÉÛ³ñ. ~s ѻ鳹Çï³Ï: ÍÝÝ¹Û³Ý ³ñÓ³Ïáõñ¹:
binomial [bai΄nəumiəl] n Ù³Ã. »ñϳݹ³Ù, birthday [΄bə:θdei] n ÍÝÝ¹Û³Ý ûñ. Happy ~
μÇÝáÙ: ÌÝáõݹ¹ ßÝáñѳíáñ. ~ present ÍÝݹ۳Ý
biochemistry [‚baiəu΄kemistri] n Ï»Ýë³ùÇ- Ýí»ñ. ~ cake(s) ÌÝÝ¹Û³Ý ûñí³ ïáñÃ. ~ party
Ùdz: ÍÝÝ¹Û³Ý ûñí³ ïáݳϳï³ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
biodiversity [‚baiəudai΄və:siti] n Ï»Ýë³μ³- birth-mark [΄bə:θma:k] n ˳É, ÍÝݹ³-
Ý³Ï³Ý μ³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝ. landscape ~ Ýß³Ý:
ɳݹ߳ýïÇ Ï»Ýë³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý μ³½Ù³Ï»ñ- birth-place [΄bə:θpleis] n ÍÝݹ³í³Ûñ:
åáõÃÛáõÝ. preservation of ~ Ï»Ýë³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý birth-rate [΄bə:θreit] n ÍÝ»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ,
μ³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛ³Ý å³Ñå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: ÍÝáõݹݻñÇ ù³Ý³ÏÁ:
biographer [bai΄ɒgrəfə] n Ï»Ýë³·Çñ: biscuit [΄biskit] 1. n μÇëÏíÇï. ï³÷³Ï, ãáñ
biographic(al) [‚baiə΄græfik(l)] a Ï»Ýë³- ÃËí³Íù. ÏñÏݳÃáõñÍ ×»Ý³å³ÏÇ. ship’s ~
·ñ³Ï³Ý: å³ùëÇÙ³ï. water ~ ·³É»ï. packet of ~s ÙÇ
biography [bai΄ɒgrəfi] n Ï»Ýë³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ: ïáõ÷ μÇëÏíÇï. 2. a μ³ó ¹³ñãݳ·áõÛÝ:
biologic(al) [‚baiə΄lɒdзik(l)] a Ï»Ýë³μ³- bisect [bai΄sekt] v ÏÇë»É, »ñÏáõ Ï»ë ³Ý»É:
ݳϳÝ: bisection [bai΄sek∫n] n ÏÇëáõÙ, ÏÇë»ÉÁ:
biophysics [‚baiəu΄fiziks] n Ï»Ýë³ýǽÇϳ: bisector [bai΄sektə] n Ù³Ã. ÏÇëáñ¹, μÇë»Ïï-
bipartite [bai΄pa:tait] a »ñÏÏáÕÙ: ñÇë³:
biped [΄baiped] a, n »ñÏáï³ÝÇ. »ñÏáï³ÝÇ bisexual [bai΄sek∫uəl] a »ñÏë»é:
ϻݹ³ÝÇ: bishop [΄bi∫əp] n »åÇëÏáåáë. ßËÙ. ÷ÇÕ:
birch [bə:t∫] n Ï»ãÇ. ×Çåáï. get the ~ ×Çåá- bishopric [΄bi∫əprik] n »åÇëÏáåáë³Ï³Ý
ï³Ñ³ñí»É£ ³ëïÇ׳Ý. ûÙ:
birch [bə:t∫] a Ï»ãáõ£ bismuth [΄bizməθ] n ùÇÙ. μÇëÙáõï:
birch [bə:t∫] v ×Çåáïáí ͻͻÉ: bison [΄baisn] n ϻݹ. μǽáÝ, ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý
bird [bə:d] n ÃéãáõÝ. flock of ~s ÃéãáõÝÝ»ñÇ í³ÛñÇ óáõÉ:
»ñ³Ù. ~ of pray/passage ·Çß³ïÇã/ãíáÕ bissextile [bi΄sekstail] 1. n ݳѳÝç ï³ñÇ.
ÃéãáõÝ. water ~s çñ³ÛÇÝ ÃéãáõÝÝ»ñ. Kill two 2. a ݳѳÝç ï³ñí³. the ~ day ÷»ïñí³ñÇ
~s with one stone ØÇ Ñ³ñí³Íáí »ñÏáõ ÃéãáõÝ 29:
ëå³Ý»É. a ~ in the hand ϳÝËÇÏ ùÇãÁ. ~s of bistro [΄bi:strəu] n ýñ. Ëáñïϳñ³Ý,
a feather ÙÇ ë³Ý¹Ç Ïï³í. an early ~ í³Õ μÇëïñá:
ÃéãݳÏ, í³Õ ³ñÃݳóáÕ Ù³ñ¹. old ~ ÷áñÓ- bit I [bit] n Ïïáñ, ÷áùñ Ù³ë, ÷ßáõñ. a ~ ÙÇ
í³Í/ÁÝϳÍ-»É³Í Ù³ñ¹. queer ~ ï³ñûñÇ- ÷áùñ/ ùÇã. a ~ tired ÙÇ ÷áùñ/ùÇã Ñá·Ý³Í. a
Ý³Ï Ù³ñ¹. get the ~ ëáõÉáóÇ ³ñųݳݳÉ, ~ later/louder ÙÇ÷áùñ ³í»ÉÇ áõß/ùÇã ³í»ÉÇ
˳Ûï³é³Ïí»É. strictly for the ~s ÑÇÙ³ñÝ»ñÇ μ³ñÓñ. wait a ~ ÙÇ ÷áùñ ëå³ë»ù. a good ~
ѳٳñ: ß³ï ³í»ÉÇ, μ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷, Ý߳ݳϳÉÇó
birdcage [΄bə:dkeidз] n Ãéãݳí³Ý¹³Ï: ã³÷áí. a ~ of a surprise ûè ½³ñÙ³Ýù. not
bird’s-eye a ~ view ÁݹѳÝáõñ Ñ»é³å³ï- a ~ ³Ù»Ý¨ÇÝ. ~ by ~ ³ëïÇ׳ݳμ³ñ. every
Ï»ñ/ï»ë³ñ³Ý£ ~ of supper ÁÝÃñÇùÇ í»ñçÇÝ ÷ßáõñÁ. a ~ of
birdie [΄bə:di] n ÃéãÝÇÏ, ÃéãݳÏ: string å³ñ³ÝÇ Ïïáñ. dainty ~ ѳٻÕ
birth [bə:θ] n ÍÝáõݹ. ÷Ëμ. ͳ·áõÙ. ëÏǽμ, å³ï³é. tear to ~s Ïïáñ-Ïïáñ ³Ý»É. ÷Ëμ.
ëϽμݳÕμÛáõñ. by ~ ͳ·áõÙáí. He is Scot- Ù»ÏÇÝ ß³ï μ³Ùμ³ë»É. a ~ of news Ýáñáõ-
tish by ~ ܳ ͳ·áõÙáí ßáïɳݹ³óÇ ¿. The ÃÛáõÝ. a ~ of advice ËáñÑáõñ¹. (Ù³Ýñ ¹ñ³Ù)
~ ûf an idea ¶³Õ³÷³ñÇ Í³·áõÙ. ( ÍÝݹ³- 3 penny ~ »ñ»ù ó»Ýï³Ýáó ¹ñ³Ù. ³Ù. short
bit II 98 black

~ 10 ó»Ýï³Ýáó ¹ñ³Ù. long ~ 15 ó»Ýï³Ýáó bitter [΄bitə] n ¹³éÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~s ¹³éÁ ·³ñ»-


¹ñ³Ù. two ~s 25 ó»Ýï³Ýáó ¹ñ³Ù. be full of çáõñ£
~s and pieces ÇÝã»ñ ³ë»ë áñ ãϳÝ. a ~ of a bitter [΄bitə] a ¹³éÁ, ˳ÛÃáÕ. ~ humour ˳Û-
coward ÙÇ ùÇã í³ËÏáï. a ~ of a fool. ͳÉÁ ÃáÕ »ñ·ÇͳÝù. (ëáõñ, ͳÏáÕ, ¹³Å³Ý) ~
å³Ï³ë. do one’s (little) ~ Çñ ÉáõÙ³Ý ÙïóÝ»É, cold ë³ëïÇÏ óáõñï. ~ struggle ³ÝáÕáù
å³ñïùÁ ϳï³ñ»É. every ~ as ϳï³ñÛ³É å³Ûù³ñ. ~ grief/disappointment ͳÝñ íÇßï,
Ï»ñåáí. give a ~ of one’s mind ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ/ ßÇ- ËáñÁ Ñdzëó÷áõÃÛáõÝ. fight to the ~ end
ï³Ï Ëáë»É. come to ~s ÷Éí»É, ù³Ý¹í»É£ ÙÇÝ㨠í»ñç å³Ûù³ñ»É. (ã³ñ) be very ~ ß³ï
bit II [bit] n ÑÙÏñ·. μÇÃ, »ñÏáõ³Ï³Ý ѳٳ- ã³ñ³ó³Í ÉÇÝ»É. ~ enemy ³Ù»Ý³ã³ñ Ãßݳ-
ϳñ·. ~ cell Ù»Ïϳñ·³ÝÇ é»·Çëïñ. ~ den- ÙÇ. ~ experience ¹³éÁ ÷áñÓ. ~ pill ¹³éÁ
sity ·ñ³éÙ³Ý ËïáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ image »ñÏáõ³- ѳμ, ïÑ³× μ³Ý:
Ï³Ý ³ñï³å³ïÏ»ñáõÙ. ~ off ½ñá ³ñÅ»ùáí bitterly [΄bitəli] adv ¹³éÝáñ»Ý speak ~ ¹³é-
μÇÃ. ~ on Ù»Ï ³ñÅ»ùáí μÇÃ. ~ map Ï»- Ýáñ»Ý/¹³éݳó³Í Ëáë»É. ~ disappointed
ï³å³ïÏ»ñ. ~s per second μÇûñ í³ÛñÏÛ³- ¹³éÝáñ»Ý Ñdzëó÷í³Í:
ÝáõÙ: bitterness [΄bitənəs] n ¹³éÝáõÃÛáõÝ. There is
bit III [bit] n ë³ÝÓ. ë³Ûñ, μ»ñ³Ý. μ³Ý³Éáõ a great ~ between them Üñ³Ýó ѳñ³μ»ñáõ-
μÉóÏ. draw ~ ë³ÝÓ»É (ÓÇÝ). take the ~ be- ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáõÙ ß³ï ¹³éÝáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³:
tween one’s teeth ë³ÝÓÁ Ïïñ»É, Ñݳ½³Ý- bitumen [΄bit∫umin] n ³ëý³Éï, μÇïáõÙ:
¹áõÃÛáõÝÇó ¹áõñë ·³É£ bivouac [΄bivuæk] n é½Ù. ½áñ³Ï³Ûù, μ³ó
bit [bit] v ë³ÝÓ»É, ë³ÝÓÁ ù³ß»É. ÷Ëμ. ûè³Ý, μÇí³Ï:
ë³Ýӳѳñ»É, ½ëå»É: bizarre [bi΄za:] a ï³ñûñÇݳÏ, ûï³ñáïÇ,
bitch [bit∫] n ¿· ßáõÝ. (ϻݹ³Ýáõ ¿·). ~ wolf ³ñï³éáó:
¿· ·³ÛÉ: blab [blæb] 1. n ß³ï³Ëáë, ß³Õ³Ïñ³ï. 2.v
bitchy [΄bit∫i] a ã³ñ, ã³ñ³ó³Í. óÇÝÇÏ. What ß³ï³Ëáë»É, ß³Õ³Ïñ³ï»É. ã³ñ³Ëáë»É,
a ~ thing to say ÆÝã óÇÝÇÏáõÃÛáõÝ/ëïáñáõ- Ù³ïÝ»É. ~ out the secret ·³ÕïÝÇùÁ μ»ñÝÇó
ÃÛáõÝ: ÃéóÝ»É:
bite [bait] n ˳ÛÃí³Íù, ÏÍ»ÉÁ. a mosquito/ blabber [΄blæbə] n ß³ï³Ëáë, μ³Ùμ³ëãÇ:
snake ~ ÙáͳÏÇ/ûÓÇ Ë³ÛÃí³Íù. poisonous ~ black [blæk] n ë¨áõÃÛáõÝ, ë¨ ·áõÛÝ/Ý»ñÏ.
Ãáõݳíáñ ˳ÛÃí³Íù. ˳ÛÍ (ÓÏ³Ý Ù³ëÇÝ) dressed in ~ 먳½·»ëï. work like ~ Ý»·ñÇ
have no ~ áã ÙÇ ÓáõÏ ãμéÝ»É. (å³ï³é, ûè å»ë ³ß˳ï»É. swear ~ is white ë¨Á ëåÇ-
áõï»ÉÇù) have/take a ~ 1. ÙÇ å³ï³é/Ïïáñ ï³Ï ³Ýí³Ý»É:
ÏÍ»É/÷áñÓ»É. 2. ûè³ÏÇ áõï»É. There is not black [blæk] a ë¨. a ~ and white film ë¨-
a ~ in the house î³ÝÁ áõï»Éáõ áãÇÝã ãϳ: ëåÇï³Ï ýÇÉÙ. quite ~ÉñÇí ë¨. inky ~ ë³ÃÇ
bite [bait] v ÏÍ»É, ˳ÛÃ»É (ݳ¨ª ÷Ëμ.) The ÝÙ³Ý ë¨. turn ~ 먳ݳÉ. a ~ eye ϳåïáõÏ.
dog has bitten ÞáõÝÁ ÏÍ»É ¿. ~ one’s lip ~ economy ëïí»ñ³ÛÇÝ ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ.
ßñÃáõÝùÁ ÏÍ»É. ~ one’s nails »ÕáõÝ·Ý»ñÁ (ÙáõÃ, ˳í³ñ) ~ clouds Ùáõà ³Ùå»ñ. ~ night
ÏñÍ»É. ~ one’s tongue ÷Ëμ. É»½áõÝ ÏÍ»É. ~ off ˳í³ñ ·Çß»ñ. ~ winter ³ÝÓÛáõÝ/³é³Ýó
ÏÍ»Éáí åáÏ»É/Ïïñ»É. (˳ÛÍÁ μéÝ»É) The fish ÓÛ³Ý ÓÙ»é. (Ùé³ÛÉ) look ~ Ùé³ÛÉ ï»ëù áõÝ»-
are ~ ing today ²Ûëûñ ÓáõÏÁ μéÝíáõÙ ¿. He ݳÉ. Things look ~ ¸ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ³ÝÑáõÛë ¿
wouldn’t ~ ܳ ã˳μí»ó, ˳ÛÍÁ ÏáõÉ ãïí»ó. ÃíáõÙ. ~ despair ËáñÁ Ñáõë³Ñ³ïáõÃÛáõÝ.
(ù³Ûù³Û»É) Acid ~s into metals ÂÃáõÝ (¹Å·áÑ, ã³ñ) ~ looks ã³ñ ѳ۳óùÝ»ñ. ~ tid-
ù³Ûù³ÛáõÙ ¿ Ù»ï³ÕÝ»ñÁ. bitten with ÷Ëμ. ings ïËáõñ Éáõñ. ~ deeds ã³ñ ·áñÍ»ñ. be in ~
ß³ï ï³ñí³Í. He is bitten with tennis ܳ books ѳٳÏñ³Ýù ãí³Û»É»É (ë¨ óáõó³ÏáõÙ
ß³ï ¿ ï³ñí³Í ûÝÇëáí: ·ñí»É). ~ and white ·ñí³Í, ·ñ³íáñ (ë¨áí
biter [΄baitə] n ÏÍáÕ. ÏÍ³Ý ÓÇ. the ~ bit ÷áë ëåÇï³ÏÇ íñ³). ~ frost/ice ë³éݳٳÝÇù
÷áñáÕÁ ÇÝùÁ Ù»çÝ ÁÝϳí: ³é³Ýó ÓÛ³Ý. ~ with age ųٳݳÏÇó 먳-
biting [΄baitiŋ] a ÏÍáõ, ˳ÛÃáÕ. ~ wind ͳ- ó³Í. ~ ingratitude »ñ³Ëï³ÙáéáõÃÛáõÝ,
ÏáÕ ù³ÙÇ. ~ remark ëáõñ ¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ ³å»ñ³ËïáõÃÛáõÝ. go ~ ³ãù»ñÁ ÙÃÝ»É. ~
tongue ˳ÛÃáÕ É»½áõ: and blue ϳåï³Í, ϳåïáõÏÝ»ñáí ͳÍÏ-
black 99 blanket

í³Í. ~ and tan ë¨-·áñß³·áõÛÝ. ~ in the face blain [blein] n óñ³Ë³μßïÇÏ, ãÇμ³Ý:
ËÇëï ½³Ûñ³ó³Í, ϳñÙñ³ï³Ï³Í. ~ art/ blame [bleim] n Ù»Õ³¹ñ³Ýù, Ïßï³Ùμ³Ýù,
magic Ùá·áõÃÛáõÝ, ϳ˳ñ¹áõÃÛáõÝ: ѳÝó³Ýù. take the ~ Ù»ÕùÁ Çñ íñ³ í»ñóÝ»É.
black [blæk] v 먳óÝ»É. ~ shoes ÏáßÇÏÝ»ñÁ put/lay the ~ on smb Ù»ÕùÁ Ù»ÏÇ íñ³ μ³ñ¹»É.
í³ùë»É. ~ in one’s eyebrows áõÝù»ñÁ 먳ó- bear the ~ å³ï³ë˳ݳïíáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ïñ»É:
Ý»É. ~ out 1. ÙÃÝ»óÝ»É. ÉáõÛëÝ ³Ýç³ï»É. 2. blame [bleim] v Ù»Õ³¹ñ»É, Ïßï³Ùμ»É. I am
áõ߳ó÷ ÉÇÝ»É: not to ~ ºë Ù»Õ³íáñ ã»Ù. Who is to ~ ? à±í ¿
blackball [΄blækbɔ:l] n ë¨ ùí»: Ù»Õ³íáñ. You can’t ~ him âÇ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ Ýñ³Ý
black-beetle [΄blæk‚bi:tl] n ë¨ áõïÇ×: Ù»Õ³¹ñ»É:
blackberry [΄blækbəri] n μëμ. ÙáßÇ ï»ë³Ï: blameful [΄bleimful] a Ù»Õ³¹ñ³ÝùÇ ³ñų-
blackbird [΄blækbə:d] n ë¨ Ï»éÝ»Ë: ÝÇ, ѳÝó³íáñ:
black-board [΄blækbɔ:d] n ·ñ³ï³Ëï³Ï: blameless [΄bleimləs] a ³ÝÙ»Õ, ѳÝó³Ýù
black-cock [΄blækkɒk] n ó³Ë³ùÉáñ: ãáõÝ»óáÕ, ~ conduct ³Ýμ³ëÇñ í³ñù. She is ~
black-earth [‚blæk΄ə:θ] n 먳ÑáÕ: in this ܳ ¹ñ³Ýáõ٠ѳÝó³Ýù ãáõÝÇ:
blacken [΄blækən] v 먳óÝ»É, 먳ݳɣ blameworthy [΄bleim‚wə:ði] a ѳÝó³-
blackguard [΄blækga:d]1. n ëñÇϳ, ëïáñ å³ñï, Ù»Õ³¹ñ³ÝùÇ ³ñųÝÇ:
Ù³ñ¹. 2. a ëïáñ, ·³ñß»ÉÇ: blanch [bla:nt∫] v ëåÇï³Ï»óÝ»É. (·áõݳï-
blacking [΄blækiŋ] n í³ùë, ÏáßÇÏÇ Ý»ñÏ: í»É) ~ with fear/cold í³ËÇó/óñïÇó ·áõݳï-
blacking-out [΄blækiŋ‚aut] n ÙÃÝ»óáõÙ, í»É. (ϻը»É) ~ almonds ÝáõßÁ Ï×å»É:
Éáõë³ùáÕ³ñÏáõÙ. ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ùó·ÝáõÙ: bland [blænd] a Ù»ÕÙ, ùÝùáõß. ~ air Ù»ÕÙ û¹.
blackish [΄blæki∫] a 먳íáõÝ, ë¨ÇÝ ïíáÕ: ~ food/drink ¹áõñ»Ï³Ý/ѳ׻ÉÇ/áã ëáõñ áõï»-
blackjack [΄blækdзæk] n ٳѳÏ. ÉÇù/ËÙÇãù£
blackjack [΄blækdзæk] v ٳѳÏáí ͻͻÉ: blandish [΄blændi∫] v ßáÕáùáñûÉ, ÷³Õ³ù-
black-lead [‚blæk΄led] n ·ñ³ýÇï: ß³Ýùáí ѳÙá½»É:
blackleg [΄blækleg] n ˳μ»μ³, ˳ñ¹³Ë, blank [blæŋk] n ¹³ï³ñÏ/μ³ó ï»Õ, ¹³-
˳ñ¹³ËáõÃÛáõÝ. ï³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ. leave a ~ for the date ³Ùë³ÃíÇ
blackleg [΄blækleg] v ˳ñ¹³ËáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É: ï»ÕÁ μ³ó ÃáÕÝ»É. μɳÝÏ. fill in the ~ μɳÝÏ
black-list [΄blæklist] n ë¨ óáõó³Ï: Éñ³óÝ»É. fill in ~s μ³ó ÃáÕ³Í ï»Õ»ñÁ
black-list [΄blæklist] v ë¨ óáõó³ÏÇ Ù»ç Éñ³óÝ»É. (íÇ׳ϳ˳Õ) ÷áõã ïáÙë draw a
ÙïóÝ»É: ~ ÷áõã ïáÙë ѳݻÉ. ÷Ëμ. ³ÝѳçáÕáõÃÛ³Ý
blackmail [΄blækmeil] n ß³Ýï³Å, ßáñÃáõÙ: ѳݹÇå»É. (¹³ï³ñÏ ÷³Ù÷áõßï) fire ~s
blackmail [΄blækmeil] v ß³Ýï³Å ³Ý»É, ¹³ï³ñÏ ÷³Ù÷áõßïáí Ïñ³Ï»É. My mind is
ßáñûÉ: a complete ~ àãÇÝã ã»Ù ÑÇßáõÙ:
blackmailer [΄blækmeilə] n ݻݷ³ßáñÃÇã, blank [blæŋk] a ¹³ï³ñÏ, Ù³ùáõñ, ã·ñí³Í,
ß³Ýï³ÅÇëï: ³ÝÇÙ³ëï ~ cheque/page ãÉñ³óí³Í ã»ù, ¹³-
blackness [΄blæknəs] n ë¨áõÃÛáõÝ, ˳í³ñ, ï³ñÏ ¿ç. ~ space ¹³ï³ñÏ ï»Õ. ~ look ßí³-
ÙÃáõÃÛáõÝ: ñ³Í ï»ëù. ~ verse ³Ýѳݷ μ³Ý³ëï»ÕÍáõ-
black-out [΄blækaut] n Éáõë³ùáÕ³ñÏáõÙ: ÃÛáõÝ. ~ slate μ³ó ϳåï³ÙáËñ³·áõÛÝ. in ~
blacksmith [΄blæksmiθ] n ¹³ñμÇÝ: dismay/dispair ÉñÇí íѳïí³Í. ~ wall ËáõÉ/
black-soil [΄blæksɔil] n 먳ÑáÕ: ³ÝÉáõë³Ùáõï å³ï ~ silence ϳï³ñÛ³É
blackthorn [΄blækθɔ:n] n Ù³ÙáõË, Ù³Ù- ÉéáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ window Ï»ÕÍ å³ïáõѳÝ:
Ë»ÝÇ: blanket [΄blæŋkit] n í»ñÙ³Ï, ͳÍÏáó. rough
bladder [΄blædə] n å³ñÏ, ÷³Ù÷áõßï. ~ Ïáßï μñ¹Û³ ͳÍÏáó. spread the ~ í»ñÙ³-
ϽÙË. Ùǽ³÷³Ù÷áõßï. football ~ ýáõï- ÏÁ/ͳÍÏáóÁ ÷é»É. ~ of snow ÓÛ³Ý Í³ÍÏáó.
μáÉÇ Ï³Ù»ñ£ ~ of fog ÙßáõßÇ ßÕ³ñß. a wet ~ ÷Ëμ. íѳï/
blade [bleid] n ë³Ûñ, μ»ñ³Ý (¹³Ý³ÏÇ ¨ óËÍáï/ïËáõñ Ù³ñ¹. throw a wet ~ over
³ÛÉÝ). ~ of oar/propeller ÃÇ, Ãdzμ»ñ³Ý. (Ëá- smb ÷Ëμ. ·ÉËÇÝ ë³éÁ çáõñ ÉóÝ»É: ~ sheet
ïÇ óáÕáõÝ, ÍÇÉ) a ~ of grass ËáïÇ óáÕáõÝ. Éñ³·ñÇ Ù»Í Í³í³É/ٳϻñ»ë. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ com-
the ~ of a saw ëÕáóÇ μ»ñ³Ý: mon ã³Ýí³Ý³Ïáãí³Í, ÁݹѳÝáõñ μÉáÏ. ~
blanket 100 bleeding

instruction ¹³ï³ñÏ Ññ³Ñ³Ý·: Ù³Ý åáéÃÏáõÙáí. a ~ of light ÉáõÛë»ñáí ÷³Û-


blanket [΄blæŋkit] a ѳÙÁݹѳÝáõñ, ÉñÇí. ~ É»É/׳鳷³ÛûÉ:
agreement ѳÙÁݹѳÝáõñ ѳٳӳÛÝáõ- blaze II [bleiz] n μÇÍ, ëåÇï³Ï³ÝÇß (Ï»Ý-
ÃÛáõÝ. authority ³Ýë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï Édz½áñáõ- ¹³Ýáõ ׳ϳïÇÝ). Ýß³Ý (ͳéÇ íñ³)£
ÃÛáõÝ. ~ policy ÁݹѳÝáõñ ³å³Ñáí³·Çñ. ~ blaze I [bleiz] v í³éí»É, μáó³í³éí»É.
visa ÙáõïùÇ ³Ýë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï íǽ³: ÷³ÛÉ»É, ßáÕßáÕ³É. The whole building was
blanketed [΄blæŋkitid] a å³ñáõñí³Í. ~ in ~ing ²ÙμáÕç ß»ÝùÁ ³ÛñíáõÙ ¿ñ. ~ with indig-
fog Ùßáõßáí å³ñáõñí³Í: nation ½³ÛñáõÛÃÇó åáéÃϳÉ. The sun was
blankly [΄blæŋkli] adv ³åáõß/μáõà ѳ۳ó- ~ing down ²ñ¨Ý ³ÛñáõÙ ¿ñ. His eyes were ~ing
ùáí. ³Ý³ñï³Ñ³ÛïÇã Ó¨áí: ÷Ëμ. Üñ³ ³ãù»ñÁ ÷³ÛÉáõÙ ¿ÇÝ. The lights
blankness [΄blæŋknəs] n ¹³ï³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ, were ~ing ÈáõÛë»ñÁ ßáÕßáÕáõÙ ¿ÇÝ. ~ away
ß÷áÃáõÃÛáõÝ, ß÷áÃÙáõÝù: ï³ù/ ³ñ³· Ëáë»É. é½Ù. ³ÝÁݹѳï
blare [bleə] n ÷áÕÇ/ß»÷áñÇ Ó³ÛÝ: Ïñ³Ï»É, Ïñ³Ï μ³ó»É:
blare [bleə] v ÷áճѳñ»É, ß»÷áñ ÷ã»É. The blaze II [bleiz] v ͳéÇ íñ³ Ýß³Ý ³Ý»É:
trumpets ~d Þ»÷áñÝ»ñÁ ÑÝãáõÙ/÷áÕ³- blazer [΄bleizə] n (í³é ·áõÛÝÇ) Ù³ñ½³Ï³Ý
ѳñáõÙ ¿ÇÝ: μ³×ÏáÝ:
blarney [΄bla:ni] n ËëÏó. ßáÕáùáñÃáõÃÛáõÝ, blazing [΄bleiziŋ] a í³éíáÕ, μáó³í³éíáÕ.
ßáÕáùáñÃáÕ Ëáëù»ñ: ÷Ëμ. ³ÏÝѳÛï:
blaspheme [blæs΄fi:m] v ³ëïÍáõÝ ³Ý³ñ- blazon [΄bleizn] n ËáñÑñ¹³Ýß³Ý, ½Çݳ-
·»É, ѳÛÑáÛ»É, ëñμ³åÕÍ»É: Ýß³Ý:
blasphemous [΄blæsfəməs] a ëñμ³åÇÕÍ, bleach [bli:t∫] n (Ù³½»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ) çñ³ÍÝÇ
ѳÛÑá۳ϳÝ: ·»ñ³ÃÃíáõï. (³ÛÉ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ)
blasphemy [΄blæsfəmi] n ëñμ³åÕÍáõÃÛáõÝ, ùÉáñ³ÏÇñ:
³Ý³ñ·³Ýù, ѳÛÑáÛ³Ýù: bleach [bli:t∫] v ëåÇï³Ï»óÝ»É, ·áõݳ-
blast [bla:st] n åáéÃÏáõÙ, ó÷. ~ of wind ó÷»É, ·áõݳ½ñÏ»É. ~ linen ëåÇï³Ï»Õ»ÝÁ
ù³Ùáõ åáéÃÏáõÙ. (û¹Ç Ñáë³Ýù) icy ~ ë³éÁ ·áõݳó÷»É. ~ing powder ÏÇñ, ùÉáñ³ÏÇñ:
Ñáë³Ýù. ~ of hot air ï³ù û¹Ç Ñáë³Ýù. The bleak [bli:k] a ³Ý·áõÛÝ, ¹Å·áõÛÝ. óáõñï,
windows were broken by the ~ ä³ïáõѳÝ- ë³éÁ. a ~ welcome ë³éÁ ÁݹáõÝ»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ. ~
Ý»ñÁ ÷ßñí»óÇÝ å³ÛÃÛáõÝÇó. at /in full ~ house ë³éÁ/Ùé³ÛÉ ïáõÝ. (Ùé³ÛÉ) ~ landscape
³ÙμáÕç ó÷áí£ Ã³ËÍáï/ïËáõñ μݳå³ïÏ»ñ. a ~ day
blast [bla:st] v å³ÛûóÝ»É, íݳë»É (μáõÛë»- ïËáõñ/³Ýáõñ³Ë ûñ. ~ prospects Ùé³ÛÉ Ñ»-
ñÁ). tree ~ed by lightning ϳÛͳϳѳñ ͳé. é³Ýϳñ:
Our hopes were ~ed ÷Ëμ. Ø»ñ ÑáõÛë»ñÁ Ç blear [bliə] a Ùßáõß³å³ï, ³Õáï. ~ /~y eyed
¹»ñ¨ »Õ³Ý. He ~ed me good and proper ܳ Ùßáõß³å³ï ³ãù»ñáí. ÷Ëμ. ³ÝÑ»é³ï»ë:
ÇÝÓ ËÇëï ѳݹÇٳݻó. B~ it! ¶ñáÕÁ/ë³- bleat [bli:t] n Ù³ÛáõÝ, μ³é³ãÛáõÝ, ÙÏÏáó.
ï³Ý³Ý ï³ÝÇ. What a ~ed nuisance! Æ°Ýã bleat [bli:t] v Ù³Û»É, μ³é³ã»É, ÙÏϳÉ. ÷Ëμ.
ëñïÝ»ÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ý»Íù, ïѳ×áõÃÛáõÝ£ ³ÝѳëϳݳÉÇ Ëáë»É, ÑÇÙ³ñ-ÑÇÙ³ñ ¹áõñë
blast-furnace [΄bla:st‚fə:nis] n Ññ³Ñ³Éáó, ï³É. Stop ~ing! ÜíÝíáóǹ í»°ñç ïáõñ:
¹áÙݳ: bleb [bleb] n μßïÇÏ, åÕåç³Ï:
blatant [΄bleitnt] a ×ã³Ý, ×Õ×Õ³Ý. ³ãù bleed [bli:d] v (bled) ³ñÛáõÝ Ñáë»É, ³ñÛáõݳ-
ͳÏáÕ. ëïáñ. ~ colours ³ãù ͳÏáÕ ·áõÛÝ»ñ. ù³Ù ÉÇÝ»É. His nose/finger was ~ing Üñ³
a ~ lie/liar ëïáñ ëáõï/ëï³Ëáë. ~ injustice ùÃÇó/Ù³ïÇó ³ñÛáõÝ ¿ñ ÑáëáõÙ. ~ to death
³Õ³Õ³ÏáÕ ³Ý³ñ¹³ñáõÃÛáõÝ: ³ñݳù³ÙáõÃÛáõÝÇó Ù»éÝ»É. My heart ~s for
blaze I [bleiz] n μáó. the ~ of the campfire him êñïÇóë ³ñÛáõÝ ¿ ϳÃáõÙ Ýñ³ ѳٳñ.
˳ñáõÛÏÇ μáó. in a ~ μáó»ñÇ Ù»ç. burst into (¹ñ³Ù ßáñûÉ) They bled him for 1000 dollar.
a ~ μáó³í³éí»É. like ~s ϳï³Õ³Í, Ïñ³Ï Üñ³ÝÇó 1000 ¹áɳñ åáÏ»óÇÝ. ~ white í»ñ-
Ïïñ³Í. ~ of publicity Ññ³å³ñ³Ï³ÛÝáõ- çÇÝ Ïáå»ÏÁ ËÉ»É, óɳݻÉ:
ÃÛáõÝ. Go to ~ ! ¶ñáÕÇ ÍáóÁ ·Ý³. What the bleeding [΄bli:diŋ] n ³ñݳÑáëáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ñ-
~s ë³ ÇÝã μ³Ý ¿/Ïñ³Ï ¿. in a ~ of anger ó³ë- ÛáõݳéáõÃÛáõÝ:
blemish 101 blistering

blemish [΄blemi∫] n ûñáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ñ³ï, μÇÍ: ÃÛ³Ùμ. be ~ to smth ãϳñáÕ³Ý³É (×Çßï)


blench I [blent∫] v Ëáõë³÷»É, ËáõÛë ï³É. ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É. ËëÏó. ß³ï ѳñμ³Í, ݳ¨ ~
³ãù ÷³Ï»É (áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ íñ³)£ drunk. ~ alley ÷³ÏáõÕÇ. ³Ý»É³Ý»ÉÇ, ³ÝÑ»-
blench II [blent∫] v ëåÇï³Ï»óÝ»É, ·áõݳ- é³Ýϳñ. ~ wall ËáõÉ å³ï. ~ obedience
½ñÏ»É, ·áõݳó÷»É: ÷Ëμ. ÏáõÛñ Ñݳ½³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝ. ~ as a bat ß³ï
blend [blend] n ˳éÝáõñ¹. tea/coffee ~ í³ï ï»ëÝ»É. ~ eye to smth ³ãùÁ ÷³Ï»É/ÇÝã-
ûÛÇ/ëáõñ×Ç Ë³éÝáõñ¹: áñ μ³ÝÇ íñ³. ~ corner ÏáõÛñ ßñç³¹³ñÓ go ~
blend [blend] v ˳éÝ»É. ϳå³Ïó»É, ½áõ- Ïáõñ³Ý³É. the ~ side Ù»ÏÇ ÃáõÛÉ ï»ÕÁ. ~ Tom
·³Ïó»É. Oil and water do not ~ ÚáõÕÁ ¨ çáõñÁ å³ÑÙïáóÇ:
ã»Ý ˳éÝíáõÙ/ϳå³ÏóíáõÙ. These two blind [blaind] n í³ñ³·áõÛñ, ³ñ¨³Ï³É. sun/
voices ~ well ²Ûë »ñÏáõ Ó³ÛÝ»ñÁ É³í »Ý ½áõ- Venetian ~s ß»ñï³í³ñ³·áõÛñ. pull down/
·³ÏóíáõÙ: raise/draw up the ~s í³ñ³·áõÛñÝ»ñÁ Çç»ó-
blender [΄blendə] n μɻݹ»ñ. electric ~ Ý»É/μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É. That’s only a ~ ¸³ ÙdzÛÝ
¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³Ý μɻݹ»ñ: ˳μϳÝù ¿. the ~s ÏáõÛñ»ñÁ:
bless [bles] v ûñÑÝ»É. ~ oneself ËëÏó. (Çñ»Ý) blind [blaind] v Ïáõñ³óÝ»É. Ùó·Ý»É, ˳-
˳ã³ÏÝù»É. ~ one’s stars ׳ϳﳷñÇó í³ñ»óÝ»É. be ~ed in an accident å³ï³Ñ³ñÇ
ßÝáñÑ³Ï³É ÉÇÝ»É. ~ me/my heart, God ~ me ѻ勉Ýùáí Ïáõñ³Ý³É:
²ëïí³Í å³Ñå³ÝÇ ÇÝÓ. B~ you ²éáÕ- blindage [΄blaindidз] n é½Ù. μÉÇݹ³Å:
çáõÃÛáõÝ (÷éßï³ÉÇë): blinders [΄blaindəz] n pl ³ãù³Ï³É:
blessed [blest] a ÏñáÝ. »ñ³Ý»ÉÇ, ûñÑÝí³Í. ~ blindfold [΄blaindfəuld] a, adv ³ãù»ñÁ ϳ-
with good health É³í ³éáÕçáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ. å³Í, Ïáõñáñ»Ý£
~ the day ûñÑÝíÇ ³ÛÝ ûñÁ. ËëÏó. ³ÝÇÍÛ³É. blindfold [΄blaindfəuld] v ³ãù»ñÁ ϳ-
I’m ~ ¶ñáÕÁ ï³ÝÇ. I’m ~ if I know ²ÝÇÍí»Ù å»É:
û ·Çï»Ù. the whole ~ lot of them ³ÙμáÕç blinding [΄blaindiŋ] a Ïáõñ³óÝáÕ, ßɳóáõ-
³ÝÇÍÛ³É ËáõÙμÁ: óÇã. ~ headlights ɳåï»ñÝ»ñÇ Ïáõñ³óÝáÕ
blessedness [΄blesidnəs] n »ñ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ÉáõÛëÁ. a ~ flash Ïáõñ³óÝáÕ ÷³Ûɳï³ÏáõÙ:
»ñç³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ. single ~ ÏïÏ. ³ÙáõñÇ blindly [΄blaindli] adv Ïáõñáñ»Ý, ˳ñ˳-
ÏÛ³Ýù: ÷»Éáí. ³ÝËáѻٳμ³ñ:
blessing [΄blesiŋ] n ûñÑÝáõÃÛáõÝ, »ñç³ÝÏáõ- blind-man’s-buff [‚blaindmænz΄bΛf] n
ÃÛáõÝ. ³ÕáÃù (áõï»Éáõó ³é³ç ¨ Ñ»ïá). ³ãù³Ï³åáõÏ (˳Õ):
μÝáõÃÛ³Ý ßÝáñÑ, μ³ñÇù. A ~ in disguise âϳ blindness [΄blaindnəs] n ÏáõñáõÃÛáõÝ. ÷Ëμ.
ã³ñÇù ³é³Ýó μ³ñÇùÇ. What a ~ ƯÝã »ñ- ßɳóáõÙ, ³ÝËáÑ»ÙáõÃÛáõÝ:
ç³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ. Having talent is mixed ~ blink [bliŋk] n ³éϳÛÍáõÙ. in a ~ ÙÇ ³ÏÝ-
î³Õ³Ý¹³íáñ Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó ѳٳñ Ñ»ßï 㿠óñÃáõÙ. on the ~ ËëÏó. í³ï íÇ׳ÏáõÙ:
³åñ»ÉÁ£ blink [bliŋk] v ³ãù»ñÁ óñûÉ/ÏÏáó»É. ³é-
blight [blait] n Ñáõë³Ñ³ïáõÃÛáõÝ, íѳïáõ- ϳÛÍ»É, ÷³ÛÉ»É. ~ one’s eyes ³ãù»ñÁ óñûÉ.
ÃÛáõÝ. cast a ~ over the day ÷ã³óÝ»É ûñÁ. There is no ~ing the fact that ... âÇ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ
What a ~ ! Æ°Ýã ³÷ëáë/ïѳ×áõÃÛáõÝ. μëμ. ³ãù»ñÁ ÷³Ï»É ³ÛÝ μ³ÝÇ íñ³, áñ..£
μáõÛë»ñÇ ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝ. áõïÇ×, ÉíÇ×: bliss [blis] n »ñ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, »ñç³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ.
blight [blait] v Ëáñï³Ï»É, íݳë»É, Ó³Ëá- sheer ~ ÇëÏ³Ï³Ý »ñç³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
Õ»É. ~ hopes ÑáõÛë»ñÁ Ëáñï³Ï»É. Her life is blissful [΄blisful] a »ñ³Ý»ÉÇ, »ñç³ÝÇÏ. a ~
~ed by the illness ÐÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝÁ Ãáõݳíá- day »ñ³Ý»ÉÇ ûñ. u!~ ignorance »ñç³ÝÇÏ
ñáõÙ ¿ Ýñ³ ÏÛ³ÝùÁ: ³Ýï»ÕÛ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
blighter [΄blaitə] n Ó³ÝÓñ³ÉÇ/³Ý¹áõñ Ù³ñ¹. blister [΄blistə] n μßïÇÏ, å³É³ñ£
poor ~! Ë»Õ× Ù³ñ¹. You lucky ~! ËëÏó. blister [΄blistə] v ùëáõùáí Ù»ñë»É. (áïùÁ)
´³Ëï³íá°ñ Ù³ñ¹: ѳñ»É. μßïÇÏÝ»ñáí ͳÍÏí»É. I ~ed my heel
blind [blaind] a ÏáõÛñ . ~ from birth Ç ÍÝ» ÎñáõÝÏë ѳñ»É »Ù. The paintwork was ~ed
ÏáõÛñ. ~ in one eye ÙÇ ³ãùÁ ÏáõÛñ. ~ flying Ü»ñÏÁ åÕåç³ÏÝ»ñ ïí»ó:
³í. ÃéÇãù ³íïáÙ³ï ë³ñù»ñÇ û·Ýáõ- blistering [΄blist(ə)riŋ] a ~ heat ³ÛñáÕ ï³å.
blithe 102 bloodless

~ criticism ËÇëï/¹³Å³Ý ùÝݳ¹³ïáõÃÛáõÝ: blockhead [΄blɒkhed] n ÑÇÙ³ñÇ ·ÉáõË,


blithe [blaið] a ½í³ñÃ, Ï»Ýëáõñ³Ë, Ï»Ýë³- ³åáõß, μóÙÇï:
ËÇݹ: blockhouse [΄blɒkhaus] n ÷³Ûï³ß»Ý ïáõÝ.
blitz [blits] n û¹³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ñÓ³ÏáõÙ, éÙμ³Ïá- é½Ù. ¹³ßï³ÛÇÝ ³ÙñáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÍáõÃÛáõÝ: bloke [bləuk] n ËëÏó. ïÕ³, ïÇå. quite a de-
blizzard [΄blizəd] n Óݳμáõù, μáñ³Ý: cent ~ ß³ï ϳñ·ÇÝ ïÕ³. Some ~ wants to
bloat [bləut] v áõéã»É, ÷ùí»É: see you ÆÝã-áñ ÙÇ ïÇå ù»½ ¿ áõ½áõÙ:
bloated [΄bləutid] a áõé³Í, ÷ùí³Í. a ~ face blond(e) [blɒnd] a, n ß»Ï. ßÇϳѻñ Ù³ñ¹/
áõé³Í ¹»Ùù. ~ with overeating ß³ï³Ï»ñáõ- ÏÇÝ. (ß»Ï, ˳ñïÛ³ß):
ÃÛáõÝÇó ׳ñå³Ï³É³Í. feel ~ (after eating) blood [blΛd] n ³ñÛáõÝ. ÷Ëμ. ÏÛ³Ýù. a drop
(ß³ï áõï»Éáõó Ñ»ïá) í³ï ½·³É. ~ with of ~ ³ñÛ³Ý Ï³ÃÇÉ. ~ flowed/ran from his nose
pride Ñå³ñïáõÃÛáõÝÇó ÷ùí»É: Üñ³ ùÃÇó ³ñÛáõÝ ¿ñ ÑáëáõÙ. spit ~ ³ñÛáõÝ
blob [blɒb] n ϳÃÇÉ. a ~ of ink/paint ÙÇ Ï³ÃÇÉ Ãù»É. shed/spill ~ ³ñÛáõÝ Ã³÷»É. ~ made her
óݳù/Ý»ñÏ: faint ²ñÛ³Ý ï»ëùÇó ݳ áõ߳ó÷í»ó. My ~
blobber-lipped [΄blɒbə΄lipt] a ѳëï³- ran cold ²ñÛáõÝë ë³é»ó. It runs in his ~ ¸³
ßáõñÃ: Ýñ³ ³ñÛ³Ý Ù»ç ¿. ~ relations ³ñÛáõݳÏÇó
bloc [blɒk] n ùÕù. μÉáÏ: μ³ñ»Ï³ÙÝ»ñ. ~ poisoning ³ñÛ³Ý í³ñ³-
block [blɒk] n Ïá×Õ, ùáÃáõÏ. ~ of wood ͳéÇ ÏáõÙ. ~ transfusion ³ñÛ³Ý ÷áËÝ»ñ³ñÏáõÙ. ~
ùáÃáõÏ. ~ of stone ù³ñÇ Ù»Í μ»Ïáñ. (ù³Õ³- vessel ³ñÛáõݳï³ñ ³ÝáÃ. determine the ~
ùÇ Ã³Õ³Ù³ë) ~ of flats μ³½Ù³Ñ³ñÏ ß»Ýù. ~ groop ³ñÛ³Ý ËáõÙμÁ áñáß»É. ~ pressure
of buildings óճٳë, Ïí³ñï³É. two ~ fur- ³ñÛ³Ý ×ÝßáõÙ. high/low ~ pressure ³ñÛ³Ý
ther »ñÏáõóճٳë/Ïí³ñï³É ³ÛÝ ÏáÕÙ. μ³ñÓñ/ó³Íñ ×ÝßáõÙ. ~ test/count ³ñÛ³Ý
building ~s Ù³ÝÏ³Ï³Ý Ëáñ³Ý³ñ¹ÇÏÝ»ñ. a ~ ³Ý³Éǽ. have a ~ count done ³ñÛ³Ý ³Ý³Éǽ
of seats óïñ. ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ ß³ñù Çñ³ñ »ï¨Çó. ³Ý»É. let out one’s ~ ³ñÛáõÝ ÃáÕÝ»É. (˳éÝ-
in ~ ËÙμáíÇÝ. (ËáãÁݹáï) a ~ in the pipe í³Íù, ³íÛáõÝ) bad ~ ÃßݳÙáõÃÛáõÝ. make
Ëó³Ý ËáÕáí³ÏáõÙ. traffic ~ »ñè»ÏáõÃÛ³Ý bad ~ between ÃßݳÙáõÃÛáõÝ ·ó»É... ÙÇç¨
Ëó³Ý. (ѳٳÉÇñ, Éñ³Ï³½Ù) ~ grants ¹ñ³- make one’s ~ boil ËÇëï ½³Ûñ³óÝ»É/ϳï³-
Ù³Ï³Ý ÙdzÝí³· ûųݹ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ of Õ»óÝ»É. stir one’s ~ μáñμáù»É, ˳ݹ³í³é»É.
shares ³ñÅ»ÃÕûñÇ ÷³Ã»Ã. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ length His ~ is up ²ñÛáõÝÁ ·ÉáõËÝ ¿ ïí»É. hot/warm
μ³ÛûñÇ ù³Ý³Ï. ~ loading μÉáÏ ³é μÉáÏ μ»é- ~ ¹Ûáõñ³·ñ·Çé, ï³ù³ñÛáõÝ. (ïáÑÙ, ͳ-
ݳíáñáõÙ. ~ sort ï»ë³Ï³íáñáõÙ μÉáÏÝ»ñáí. ·áõÙ) full ~ ½ï³ñÛáõÝ ÓÇ. half ~ ÏÇë³-
~ transfer μÉáÏ ³é μÉáÏ ÷á˳ÝóáõÙ: ³½Ýí³ó»Õ ÓÇ. blue ~ ³½Ýí³Ï³Ý, ³ñÇëïá-
block [blɒk] v ׳ݳå³ñÑÁ ÷³Ï»É, ³ñ·»Éù Ïñ³ï. He is out for my ~ ܳ ÇÙ ³ñÛ³ÝÝ ¿
ÉÇÝ»É, ËáãÁݹáï»É. ~ one’s way Ù»ÏÇ ×³Ý³- ͳñ³íÇ. B~ is thicker than water ²ñÛáõÝÁ
å³ñÑÁ ÷³Ï»É. ~ the entrance ÙáõïùÁ ÷³- çáõñ ãÇ ¹³éݳ. ~ bank ³ñÛ³Ý å³Ñáó. ~
Ï»É. The street was ~ed by snowdrifts ÒÛ³Ý heat Ù³ñÙÝÇ ÝáñÙ³É ç»ñÙ³ëïÇ׳Ý. ~
ÏáõÛï»ñÁ ÷³Ï»É ¿ÇÝ ÷áÕáóÁ. My nose is ~ed stream ³ñÛ³Ý ßñç³Ý³éáõÃÛáõÝ:
øÇÃë ÷³Ïí»É ¿. ~ an account ë³é»óÝ»É blooded [΄blΛdid] a ³ñÛáõÝáï. é½Ù. ³ñÛáõ-
μ³ÝÏÇ Ñ³ßÇíÁ. ~ the plans Íñ³·ñ»ñÁ Ó³- ݳù³Ù:
ËáÕ»É. ~ in/out áõñí³·Í»É. ~ capitals/letters blood-guilty [΄blΛd‚gilti] a ³ñÛáõݳå³ñï.
ïå³ï³é. write in ~ ïå³ï³éáí ·ñ»É: Ù³Ñí³Ý Ù»ç Ù»Õ³íáñ:
blockade [blɒ΄keid] n ßñç³÷³ÏáõÙ, å³ß³- blood-horse [΄blΛdhɔ:s] n ½ï³ñÛáõÝ/
ñáõÙ. raise/run the ~ ßñç³÷³ÏáõÙÁ í»ñ³ó- ³½Ýí³ó»Õ ÓÇ:
Ý»É, ×»Õù»É: bloodhound [΄blΛdhaund] n Ëáõ½³ñÏáõ
blockade [blɒ΄keid] v ßñç³÷³Ï»É, å³- ßáõÝ. ÷Ëμ. áëïÇϳÝáõÃÛ³Ý ·³ÕïÝÇ ·áñ-
ß³ñ»É: ͳϳÉ:
block-buster [΄blɒk‚bΛstə] n ËëÏó. ͳÝñ bloodiness [΄blΛdnəs] n ³ñÛáõÝéßïáõÃÛáõÝ:
ýáõ·³ë³ÛÇÝ éáõÙμ. μÉáùμ³ëûñ, ëáõå»ñ bloodless [΄blΛdləs] a ³Ý³ñÛáõÝ, ë³Ï³í³ñ-
Ù³ñï³ýÇÉÙ: ÛáõÝ:
bloodshed(ding) 103 blowzy

bloodshed(ding) [΄blΛd∫ed(iŋ)] n ³ñݳ- ÷Ëμ. ¸³ ͳÝñ ѳñí³Í ¿ñ Ýñ³ ѳٳñ.


Ñ»ÕáõÃÛáõÝ: strike/hit/deal/inflict a ~ ѳñí³Í»É. go out for
bloodshot [΄blΛd∫ɒt] a ³ñÛáõÝáí Éóí³Í. a good ~ ÷Ëμ. ·Ý³É ½μáë³ÝùÇ/û¹³÷áË-
³ñÝ³Ï³É³Í (³ãù»ñ): í»Éáõ£
blood-stained [΄blΛdsteind] a ³ñÛáõÝáï, blow I [bləu] v ÷ã»É. The wind blew hard ø³-
³ñݳóóË: ÙÇÝ áõÅ»Õ ¿ñ ÷ãáõÙ. »ñÅß. ÷áÕѳñ»É, ÷áÕ
blood-sucker [΄blΛd‚sΛkə] n ï½ñáõÏ. ÷Ëμ. ÷ã»É. blow a horn/trumpet ÷áÕ ÷ã»É, ÷áÕ-
ѳñëï³Ñ³ñÇã, ٳϳμáõÛÍ: ѳñ»É. one’s horn ³½¹³Ý߳ݻÉ. ~ glass
blood-thursty [΄blΛd‚θə:sti] a ³ñÛ³Ý ³å³ÏÇ ÷ã»É. ~ one’s nose ùÇÃÁ Ù³ùñ»É,
ͳñ³íÇ, ³ñÛáõÝéáõßï, ³ñÛáõݳñμáõ: ËÝã»É. ~ a kiss û¹³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ÙμáõÛñ áõÕ³ñÏ»É.
bloodworm [΄blΛdwə:m] n ³ÝÓñ¨³áñ¹: ~ the money ÷áÕ»ñÁ ͳËë»É/ßé³ÛÉ»É. ~ one’s
bloody [΄blΛdi] a ³ñÛáõÝáï, ³ñݳ߳ճË, brains out ·Ý¹³ÏÁ ׳ϳïÇÝ ³ñӳϻÉ,
³ñݳóóË. (·é»ÑÇÏ, ³ÝÇÍÛ³É). Not ~ ÇÝùݳëå³Ý ÉÇÝ»É. I’ll be ~ed out if I do
likely ËëÏó. à°Ýó ã¿, ÆÝãå»ë ã¿. ~ minded ²ÝÇÍí»Ù, û ¹³ ³Ý»Ù. ~ out ѳݷóÝ»É. ~
ѳϳé³ÏíáÕ, Áݹ¹ÇÙ³óáÕ. He is just being out the candle/matches ÙáÙÁ/ÉáõóÏÇÝ Ñ³Ý·ó-
~ ܳ ¹³ ¹ÇïÙ³Ùμ ¿ ³ÝáõÙ: Ý»É. ~ about/abroad (news) ï³ñ³Í»É (Éáõñ»ñ).
bloom [blu:m] n ͳÕÏáõÙ, ÷ÃÃáõÙ. in full ~ ~ high/low ÇÝã ¿É áñ ÉÇÝÇ, ÇÝã ·Ýáí ¿É áñ
ͳÕÏÙ³Ý ßñç³ÝáõÙ. come/burst into ~ ͳÕ- ÉÇÝÇ. ~ over ѳݹ³ñïí»É. The storm blew
Ï»É, ÷Ãûɣ over öáÃáñÇÏÁ ѳݹ³ñïí»ó. ~ up 1.
bloom [blu:m] v ͳÕÏ»É, ÷ÃûÉ, ݳ¨` ÷Ëμ. ÷ã»Éáí áõéóÝ»É. 2. å³ÛûóÝ»É. ~ up the ba-
She is /looks ~ing ̳ÕÏáÕ ï»ëù áõÝÇ: loon û¹³å³ñÇÏÁ ÷ã»É. ~ up the building
bloomer [΄blu:mə] n ËëÏó. ÏáåÇï ë˳É. ß»ÝùÁ å³ÛûóÝ»É. ~ one’s own trumpet
make a ~ ÏáåÇï ëË³É ÃáõÛÉ ï³É: ÇÝùݳ·áíáõÃÛ³Ùμ ½μ³Õí»É, ·ÉáõËÁ ·áí»É.
bloomers [΄blu:məz] n pl ϳݳÝó ɳÛÝ, It’s ~ing gale outside ¸ñëáõÙ áõÅ»Õ ù³ÙÇ ¿.
ϳñ× Ù³ñ½³Ï³Ý ß³Éí³ñ: (Ѩ³É, ÷Ýã³óÝ»É). The old man was puffing
bloomy [΄blu:mi] a ͳÕÏáÕ, ÷ÃÃáÕ: and ~ing Ì»ñáõÏÁ ѨáõÙ ¨ ÷Ýã³óÝáõÙ ¿ñ.
blossom [΄blɒsəm] n ͳÕÏáõÙ, ÷ÃÃáõÙ. ï»Ë. å³ÛûÉ, í³éí»É. A fuse has ~n
ͳÕÇÏ. cherry ~s μ³É»Ýáõ ͳÕÇÏ. be in ~ ²å³ÑáíÇãÁ í³éí»É ¿/³Ûñí»É ¿. A tire has ~
ͳÕÏ»É. break/burst into ~ (ëÏë»É) ͳÕÏ»É. ²Ýí³¹áÕÁ å³ÛÃ»É ¿. (óÇñáõó³Ý ³Ý»É) Pa-
She ~ed out at the university гٳÉë³ñ³ÝáõÙ pers were ~n about ÂÕûñÁ óÇñáõó³Ý »Õ³Ý.
ݳ ѳçáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ë³í: ~ down ó³Í ·ó»É. ï³å³É»É, ù³Ý¹»É. The
blot [blɒt] n μÇÍ, ϳÃÇÉ (óݳùÇ). a ~ on the tent was ~n down ìñ³ÝÁ ù³Ý¹í»ó. ~ off
landscape ï»ë³ñ³ÝÁ ÷ã³óÝáÕ áñ¨¿ μ³Ý: Ù³ùñ»É. ~ off steam ßá·ÇÝ μ³ó ÃáÕݻɣ
blot [blɒt] v Ï»Õïáï»É, μÍáï»É. ÷Ëμ. blow II [bləu] v ͳÕÏ»É, ÷ÃûÉ. a new –
³ñ³ï³íáñ»É. ~ wet ink óݳùÁ ãáñ³óÝ»É. blown rose Ýáñ ͳÕÏ³Í í³ñ¹:
~ out çÝç»É. ~ one’s copybook μ³ñÇ Ñ³Ùμ³íÁ blowing [΄bləuiŋ] n ÷ãáõÙ, ÷ã»ÉÁ. Ñáë³Ïá-
³ñ³ï³íáñ»É/Ï»Õïáï»É. Clouds ~ed out the ñáõëï (·³½Ç, ßá·áõ):
moon ²Ùå»ñÁ ÷³Ï»É ¿ÇÝ ÉáõëÇÝÁ: blowing up [‚bləuiŋ΄Λp] n å³ÛÃÛáõÝ, å³Û-
blotch [blɒt∫] n μÇÍ, óݳùÇ Ï³ÃÇÉ. å½áõÏ, Ãáó. ËëÏó. ËÇëï ѳݹÇÙ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ,
μßïÇÏ: ßßåéáó:
blotter [΄blɒtə] n ·ñã³Ï, ÃáõÕà ÙñáïáÕ: blowlamp [΄bləulæmp] n (ݳ¨` ~ torch) ½á-
blotting-paper [΄blɒtiŋ‚peipə] n ÍÍáÕ³- ¹³É³Ùå:
ϳÝ, ÍÍ³Ý ÃáõÕÃ: blow-out [΄bləuaut] n å³ÛÃáõÙ (³Ýí³¹áÕÇ).
blouse [blauz] n ϳݳóÇ μÉáõ½. μ³×ÏáݳÏ: We had a ~ Ø»ñ ³Ýí³¹áÕÁ å³Ûûó. There
blow [bləu] n ѳñí³Í. ~ with a hammer/fist has been a ~ ¿É. ²å³ÑáíÇãÁ ³Ûñí»É ¿. ÑáÕ-
ѳñí³Í Ùáõñ×áí/Ó»éùáí. at a/one ~ ÙÇ Ñ³ñ- Ù³ÛÇÝ, ÑáÕٳ˳éÝ, ù³Ùáï:
í³Íáí, Ùdzݷ³ÙÇó. come to ~s Ïéí»É, ÏéÇí blowy a [bloui] ÑáÕÙ³ÛÇÝ, ÑáÕٳ˳éÝ,
ëÏë»É. exchange ~s Ïéí»É, Çñ³ñ ͻͻÉ. heavy ù³Ùáï:
~ ͳÝñ ѳñí³Í. It was a heavy ~ for her blowzy [΄blauzi] a ϳñÙñ³Ãáõß. (ÏÝáç Ù³-
blubber 104 bluster

ëÇÝ) ·½·½í³Í, ó÷Ã÷í³Í: offer was just ~ Üñ³ ³é³ç³ñÏÁ å³ñ½³å»ë


blubber [΄blΛbə] n ɳó, ×Ç㣠˳μ»áõÃÛáõÝ ¿ñ. I called his ~ ºë Ýñ³Ý çñÇ
blubber [΄blΛbə] n Íáí. Ù»¹áõ½³: »ñ»ë ¹áõñë μ»ñ»óÇ:
blubber [΄blΛbə] v ×ã³É, μ³ñÓñ³Ó³ÛÝ Ñ»- bluff [blΛf] v ˳μ»É, ÙáÉáñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ·ó»É.
ϻϳÉ: He was ~ed into thinking... Üñ³Ý ˳μ»áõ-
bludgeon [΄blΛdзən] 1. n ٳѳÏ, ¹³·³- ÃÛ³Ùμ ѳí³ï³óñÇÝ, áñ... ~ out ÙÇ Ï»ñå
ݳÏ. 2. v ٳѳÏáí ͻͻÉ: ¹áõñë åñÍÝ»É:
blue [blu:] a ϳåáõÛï. pale/light ~ »ñÏݳ- bluish [΄blu:i∫] a ϳåï³íáõÝ:
·áõÛÝ, μ³ó ϳåáõÛï. dark /deep ~ Ùáõ· ϳ- blunder [΄blΛndə] n ÏáåÇï ë˳É:
åáõÛï. navy ~ Ùáõ· ϳåáõÛï. a ~ bruise blunder [΄blΛndə] v ÏáåÇï ëË³É ³Ý»É. He
ϳåïáõÏ. ~ circles/rings under the eyes ³ãù»- has ~ed again ÜáñÇó ÏáåÇï ëË³É ÃáõÛÉ
ñÇ ï³Ï ϳåïáõÏÝ»ñ. ~ with cold óñïÇó ïí»ó. (˳ñ˳÷»Éáí ß³ñÅí»É) ~ around in
ϳåï³Í. feel/look ~ óËÍ»É, ٻɳٳÕ- the dark ÙÃáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ˳ñ˳÷»Éáí
Óáï ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É. ÁÝÏ×í³Í ß³ñÅí»É. ~ into a wall å³ïÇÝ ¹Çåã»É. ~
ï»ëù áõݻݳÉ. ~ collar “ϳåáõÛï ûÓÇù³- away one’s chance ѳñÙ³ñ ³éÇÃÁ μ³ó ÃáÕ-
íáñ“, μ³Ýíáñ` ³ÝÙÇç³å»ë ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ý»É. ~ out μ»ñ³ÝÇó ÃáÕÝ»É. ~ upon å³ï³-
Ù»ç ³ß˳ïáÕ. ~ print Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ Ý³Ë³- ѳμ³ñ ѳÛïݳμ»ñ»É:
·ÇÍ, ÝÙáõß. Éáõë³å³ï×»ÝáõÙ. (³ÝûñÇݳ- blunt [blΛnt] a μáõà (¹³Ý³Ï ¨ ³ÛÉÝ). ~ man
ϳÝ, ³åûñÇÝÇ). ~ exams ³ÝûñÇÝ³Ï³Ý ÷Ëμ. μóÙÇï. ~ fact μ³ó³Ñ³Ûï ÷³ëï. ~
ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. ~ cigarettes Ù³ùë³Ý»Ý· angle μáõà ³ÝÏÛáõÝ. a ~ answer ³ÝÙÇç³Ï³Ý
Í˳Ëáï. ~ blood ³½Ýí³Ï³Ý ͳ·áõÙ. ~ (ݳ¨ª ³Ýï³Ïï) å³ï³ë˳Ý:
devils ³ñμ»ó³ï»Ý¹. ~ water μ³ó Íáí. drink blunt [blΛnt] v μóóÝ»É. become ~ed μóݳÉ
till all’s ~ Ãáõݹ ѳñμ»É. Things look ~ ¶áñ- (ݳ¨ª ½·³óÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ):
Í»ñÁ í³ï »Ý. once in a ~ moon ѳ½³ñÇó blur [blə:] n μÇÍ. (óݳùÇ) ϳÃÇÉ. ³Õáïáõ-
Ù»Ï, ß³ï áõß-áõß. ~ jokes/film ³Ýå³ñÏ»ßï, ÃÛáõÝ. Your face is a ~ ¸»Ùù¹ ß³ï ³Õáï ¿
ϳï³ÏÝ»ñ/ýÇÉÙ. ~ jacket μñÇï. é³½Ù³Íá- »ñ¨áõÙ. Everything became a ~ ²Ù»Ý ÇÝã
í³ÛÇÝ Ý³í³ëïÇ. ~ stocking ·ñù»ñáí ¨ ëÏë»ó ÉáÕ³É Ýñ³ ³ãù»ñÇ ³é³ç£
·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ùμ ï³ñí³Í, ϳݳóÇáõÃÛáõÝÇó blur [blə:] v ³Õáï³Ý³É, Ùó·Ý»É (·Çï³Ï-
½áõñÏ, 廹³Ýï ÏÇÝ. ϳåáõÛï ·áõÉå³: óáõÃÛáõÝÁ). Tears ~red her eyes ²ñóáõÝùÝ»ñÇí
blue [blu:] n ϳåáõÛï ·áõÛÝ, »ñÏÝùÇ ·áõÛÝ. ³ãù»ñÁ Ùó·Ý»óÇÝ. The windscreen is ~ red
»ñÏÇÝù. ϳåáõÛï Ý»ñÏ. Éí³óùÇ É»Õ³Ï. ²éç¨Ç ³å³ÏÇÝ (ÑáÕÙ³ÛÇÝ ³å³ÏÇÝ)
å³Ñå³ÝáÕ³Ï³Ý Ïáõë³ÏóáõÃÛ³ÝÁ å³ï- ùñïÇÝùáí ¿ å³ïí»É. The writing is ~red ´á-
ϳÝáÕ. black and ~ ϳåïáõÏÝ»ñ Ù³ñÙÝÇ Éáñ ï³é»ñÁ ˳éÝí»É »Ý. a ~red picture
íñ³. Cambridge ~ μ³ó ϳåáõÛï. Oxford ~ ³Õáï å³ïÏ»ñ. Outlines became ~red àõñ-
Ùáõ· ϳåáõÛï. Berlin ~ μ»éÉÇÝÛ³Ý É³½áõñ. í³·Í»ñÁ ³Õáï³ó³Ý. ~ out çÝç»É:
a bolt from the ~ áñáï å³ñ½ »ñÏÝùÇó. ÷Ëμ. blurt [blə:t] v μ»ñ³ÝÇó μ³ó ÃáÕÝ»É. ~ out the
³Ýëå³ë»ÉÇ ïÑ³× μ³Ý. appear out of the ~ news/the secret ¹áõñë ï³É ·³ÕïÝÇùÁ/ÉáõñÁ£
³Ýëå³ë»ÉÇ Ñ³ÛïÝí»É. He is a true ~ Æëϳ- blush [blΛ∫] n ϳñÙñáõÃÛáõÝ (ß÷áÃáõÃÛáõÝÇó,
Ï³Ý å³Ñå³ÝáÕ³Ï³Ý ¿. the ~z μÉÛáõ½: ³ÙáÃÇó). with ~ ϳñÙñ»Éáí. without ~
bluebell [΄blu:bel] n μëμ. ½³Ý·³Ï³Í³ÕÇÏ. ³é³Ýó ϳñÙñ»Éáõ. at first ~ ³é³çÇÝ Ñ³Û³ó-
í³ÛñÇ ÑdzóÇÝï: ùÇó. spare smb’s ~es ã³Ù³ã»óÝ»É (áñ¨¿ Ù»-
bluebottle [΄blu:‚bɒtl] n μëμ. ï»ñ»÷áõÏ: ÏÇÝ). put to the ~ ³Ù³ã»óÝ»É, ϳñÙñ»óÝ»É:
blue-eyed [΄blu:aid] a ϳåï³ãÛ³. the ~ boy blush [blΛ∫] v ϳñÙñ»É, ßÇÏÝ»É. ~ with shame
÷Ëμ. ëÇñ»ÉÇÝ: ³ÙáÃÇó ϳñÙñ»É. ~ to the roots of one’s hair
blueing [΄blu:iŋ] n ³Ù. ɻճÏ: ÙÇÝ㨠ٳ½»ñÇ ³ñÙ³ïÝ»ñÁ ϳñÙñ»É. I ~ed
bluff [blΛf] a ½³éÇí³Ûñ, ½³éÇó÷. ßÇï³Ï. for you ºë Ó»ñ ÷á˳ñ»Ý ³Ù³ãáõÙ ¿Ç:
~ person ÏáåÇï μ³Ûó ßÇï³Ï áõ ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ bluster [΄blΛstə] v ϳï³Õ»É, ÙáÉ»·Ý»É.
Ù³ñ¹: ³ÕÙÏ»É, ·áé·áé³É. rage and ~ ϳï³Õ»É,
bluff [blΛf] n ˳μ»áõÃÛáõÝ. ÃÕÃË. μÉ»ý. His ÷ñ÷ñ»É. Ñáõñ áõ Ïñ³Ï ó÷»É. ~ it out some-
blustery 105 bodily

how/Ëáë»Éáí/ ÙÇ Ï»ñå ѳݷëï³Ý³É: boast [bəust] v å³ñͻݳÉ, ·ÉáõËÁ ·áí»É.


blustery [΄blΛst(ə)ri] a ÙáÉ»·ÇÝ. ~ day ù³- have nothing to ~ of å³ñͻݳÉáõ áãÇÝã ãáõ-
Ùáï ûñ. ~ wind ëñÁÝóó ù³ÙÇ: ݻݳÉ. ~ that å³ñͻݳÉ, áñ:
boa [΄bəuə] n ϻݹ. íÇß³å ûÓ, μá³. ϳݳÝó boaster [΄bəustə] n å³ñÍ»ÝÏáï/ëݳå³ñÍ
í½³ÙáñÃÇ: Ù³ñ¹:
boar [bɔ:] n ³ñáõ Ëá½. wild ~ í³ñ³½, í³ÛñÇ boastful [΄bəustfl] a å³ñÍ»ÝÏáï, ëݳ-
Ëá½: å³ñÍ:
board [bɔ:d] n ï³Ëï³Ï. ironing/notice ~ boat [bəut] n ݳí³Ï, ݳí. pleasure ~ ½μáë³-
³ñ¹áõÏÇ/ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï³Ë- ݳí. flying ~ ÃéãáÕ Ý³í. go by ~ ݳíáí
ï³Ï. diving ~ çñ³ó³ïÏÇ ó³ïϳï³Ë- ·Ý³É. steer/run a ~ ݳí(³Ï)Á í³ñ»É. hire a ~
ï³Ï/ïñ³ÙåÉÇÝ. ~ and lodging Ï»Ýëûè³Ý ݳí(³Ï) í³ñÓ»É. emergency ~ ÷ñϳñ³ñ
(ë»ÝÛ³Ï ¨ ëÝáõݹ). ~s μ»Ù. be on /the ~, tread ݳí³Ï. miss the ~ ÷Ëμ. Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ
~s ¹»ñ³ë³Ý ÉÇÝ»É. pay for full ~ í׳ñ»É μ³ó ÃáÕÝ»É. burn one’s ~s ݳí»ñÝ ³Ûñ»É.
ÉñÇí Ï»Ýëûè³ÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. (ݳí³ÏáÕ, ݳ- ÷Ëμ. í»ñ³¹³ñÓÁ/ݳËÏÇÝ Ï³å»ñÁ ³Ý-
í»½ñ) be/go on ~ ݳí Ýëï»É. on ~ ݳíÇ ÑݳñÇÝ ¹³ñÓÝ»É. be in the same ~ ÝáõÛÝ
íñ³. go by the ~ çáõñÝ ÁÝÏÝ»É. ÷Ëμ. ¹áõñë íÇ׳ÏáõÙ ÉÇÝ»É. go ~ing ݳí³Ïáí ½μáëÝ»É:
Ý»ïí»É. The plan has gone by the ~ ÷Ëμ. boat-hook [΄bəuhuk] n ϳñóÓáÕ, Ï»é³-
äɳÝÁ ãÁݹáõÝí»ó/Ù»ñÅí»ó. on ~ the ÓáÕ:
train/ship ·Ý³óùÇ/ݳíÇ Ù»ç. (í³ñãáõÃÛáõÝ, boatman [΄bəutmən] n ݳí³í³ñ, Ù³ÏáõÛ-
ջϳí³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ËáñÑáõñ¹). ~ of directors ϳí³ñ:
ïÝûñ»ÝÝ»ñÇ í³ñãáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ of examiners boatrace [΄bəutreis] n Ùñ½Ï. ݳí³ÙñóáõÙ,
ùÝÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ÝÓݳÅáÕáí. ~ of educa- Ãdzñß³í:
tion/health ÏñÃáõÃÛ³Ý/³éáÕç³å³ÑáõÃÛ³Ý boatswain [΄bəusn] n μáóÙ³Ý:
ݳ˳ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. editorial ~ ËÙμ³·ñáõ- bob I [bɒb] n ëáõ½³Ï³å³ñ, Íáí. Ëáñ³-
ÃÛáõÝ. executive ~ ·áñͳ¹Çñ Ù³ñÙÇÝ. ÃÕÃË. ã³÷. ϳñ× Ïïñ³Í Ù³½»ñ. ~ tail Ëáõ½³Í
÷Ëμ. sweep the ~ ˳ճμ³ÝÏÁ ï³Ý»É. åáã:
ѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ. tourist ~ ׳Ù÷áñ- bob II [bɒb] n ËëÏó. ßÇÉÇÝ·:
¹³Ï³Ý ·áñͳϳÉáõÃÛáõÝ/·ñ³ë»ÝÛ³Ï. abo- bob [bɒb] v Ù³½»ñÁ ϳñ× Ïïñ»É. ~ one’s hair
ve ~ μ³ó³Ñ³Ûïáñ»Ý. ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ: Ù³½»ñÁ ϳñ× Ïïñ»É. wear one’s hair ~ed
board [bɔ:d] v ѳï³Ï»É. ~ (over) a floor ѳ- ÙÇßï ϳñ× ë³Ýñí³Íù áõݻݳÉ. ~ about
ï³ÏÇÝ ï³Ëï³Ï ·ó»É. ~ up the windows ×á×í»É. ~ up everywhere ³Ù»Ý ï»Õ ѳëóÝ»É:
å³ïáõѳÝÝ»ñÁ ï³Ëï³Ïáí ÷³Ï»É/å³- bobbin [΄bɒbin] n Ïá×, Ù³ëñ³. ÇÉÇÏ:
ï»É. (Ýëï»É) ~ a bus/train/ship ³íïáμáõë/ bobbish [΄bɒbi∫] a ËëÏó. áõñ³Ë, ³ßËáõÛÅ:
·Ý³óù/ݳí Ýëï»É ~ people (³å³Ñáí»É) bobby [΄bɒbi] n ËëÏó. (²Ý·ÉdzÛáõÙ) áëïÇ-
ûè³Ý ¨ ëÝáõݹ ï³É: ϳÝ:
boarder [΄bɔ:də] n å³ÝëÇáÝáõÙ ³åñáÕ. bobby-soxer [΄bɒbisɒksə] n ËëÏó. ¹»-
í³ñӳϳɣ é³Ñ³ë ³ÕçÇÏ:
boarding [΄bɔ:diŋ] n Ýëï»óáõÙ, Ýëï»óÝ»ÉÁ. bode [bəud] v ·áõ߳ϻÉ, ϳÝ˳·áõ߳ϻÉ.
B~ begins at five o’clock Üëï»óáõÙÁ ëÏëíáõÙ This ~s no good ê³ áã ÙÇ É³í μ³Ý ãÇ ·áõ-
¿ ųÙÁ ÑÇÝ·ÇÝ: ß³ÏáõÙ. That ~s well for us ¸³ ɳí Ýß³Ý ¿
boarding-house [΄bɔ:diŋhaus] n Ï»Ýëû- Ù»½ ѳٳñ:
è³Ý, å³ÝëÇáÝ: bodeful [΄bəudful] a ã³ß³·áõß³Ï:
boarding-school [΄bɔ:diŋsku:l] n ·Ç- bodice [΄bɒdis] n ÏñÍϳÉ, Çñ³Ý³Ï³É:
ß»ñûÃÇÏ ¹åñáó: bodily [΄bɒdili] 1. a Ù³ñÙݳϳÝ, ýǽÇ-
board room [΄bɔ:dru:m] n ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³Ï³Ý. ~ fear ýǽÇÏ³Ï³Ý í³Ë. 2. adv
í³ñãáõÃÛáõÝ/·ñ³ë»ÝÛ³Ï: ³ÝÓ³Ùμ, ³ÝÓݳå»ë. He came ~ ܳ ³Ý-
boast [bəust] n å³ñÍ»ÝÏáïáõÃÛáõÝ, ëݳ- Ó³Ùμ Ý»ñϳ۳ó³í. The audience rose ~
å³ñÍáõÃÛáõÝ. It is our ~ that ... Ø»Ýù å³ñÍ»- àõÝÏݹÇñÝ»ñÁ Ù»Ï Ù³ñ¹áõ ÝÙ³Ý áïùÇ
ÝáõÙ »Ýù, áñ..: ϳݷݻóÇÝ:
body 106 bolt II

body [΄bɒdi] n Ù³ñÙÇÝ. heavenly ~ »ñÏݳÛÇÝ boil [bɔil] n å³É³ñ, óñ³Ë³å³É³ñ, ãÇ-
Ù³ñÙÇÝ. a foreign ~ ûï³ñ Ù³ñÙÇÝ. a decent μ³Ý:
~ ɳí Ù³ñ¹. a dear, old ~ ѳ׻ÉÇ ï³ïÇÏ/ boil [bɔil] v »é³É, »÷ ·³É. The kettle/water is
Í»ñáõÏ. upper/lower part of the ~ Ù³ñÙÝÇ ~ing »۳ٳÝÁ/çáõñÁ »éáõÙ ¿. ~ eggs/potatoes
Ý»ñù¨Ç/í»ñ¨Ç Ï»ëÁ/Ù³ëÁ. ~ rotation Ù³ñÙ- Óáõ/ϳñïáýÇÉ »÷»É. ~ over »é³É-ó÷í»É.
ÝÇ/Çñ³ÝÇ ßñç³¹³ñÓ. keep ~ and soul to- The milk has ~ed away γÃÁ ó÷í»É ¿. ~ down
gether. ͳÛñÁ ͳÛñÇÝ Ñ³ëóÝ»É. ýǽ. Ù³ñ- ·áÉáñßdzݳÉ. The jam has ~ed down Øáõñ³-
ÙÇÝ solid/liquid/gaseous ~ åÇݹ/Ñ»ÕáõÏ/·³- μ³Ý óÝÓñ³ó»É ¿. ~ down the article ÷Ëμ.
½³ÛÇÝ Ù³ñÙÇÝ. ~ search ³ÝÓÇ Ëáõ½³ñÏáõ- Ñá¹í³ÍÁ Ïñ׳ï»É. ÷Ëμ. μ³ñϳݳÉ, μáñ-
ÃÛáõÝ. corporate ~ Çñ³í³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý ³ÝÓ. de- μáùí»É. ~ing with rage ½³ÛñáõÛÃÇó »÷ ·³É. a
cision making ~ áñáßáõÙÝ»ñ ÁݹáõÝáÕ Ù³ñ- crisis is ~ing up ַݳų٠¿ ѳëáõݳÝáõÙ:
ÙÇÝ. (¹Ç³Ï) identify/bury the ~ ֳݳã»É/ó- boiled [bɔild] a »÷³Í/˳߳Í. ~ fish/meat/ve-
Õ»É ¹Ç³ÏÁ. Over my dead ~ ! ØdzÛÝ ÇÙ gatables »÷³Í ÓáõÏ/ÙÇë/μ³Ýç³ñ»Õ»Ý:
¹Ç³ÏÇ íñ³Ûáí. (ËáõÙμ) a large ~ of students boiler [΄bɔilə] n (ßá·»)ϳÃë³:
áõë³ÝáÕÝ»ñÇ ÙÇ Ù»Í ËáõÙμ. a ~ of horsemen boiler-house [΄bɔiləhaus] n ϳÃë³Û³Ýáó,
Ñ»ÍÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ ÙÇ ËáõÙμ. ~ of electors, elective ~ ϳÃë³Û³ïáõÝ£
ÁÝïñáÕÝ»ñ. diplomatic ~ ¹Çí³Ý³·Çï³Ï³Ý boiler-room [΄bɔiləru:m] n ϳÃë³Û³Ýáó:
Ïáñåáõë. legislative ~ ûñ»Ýë¹ñ³Ï³Ý Ù³ñ- boiling [΄bɔiliŋ] n, a »éáõÙ, »é³ÉÁ, »é ·³ÉÁ.
ÙÇÝ. learned ~ ·Çï³Ï³Ý ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ex- »é³óáÕ. ~ -point »éÙ³Ý Ï»ï, »é³Ï»ï:
ecutive ~ ·áñͳ¹Çñ Ù³ñÙÇÝ. advisory ~ boisterous [΄bɔistərəs] a ÷áÃáñÏáï, ÙáÉ»-
ËáñÑñ¹³ïí³Ï³Ý Ù³ñÙÇÝ. in a ~ ÙÇ Ù³ñ- ·ÇÝ. ~ wind ϳï³ÕÇ ù³ÙÇ. ~ sea ÷áÃáñ-
¹áõ å»ë. ï»Ë. ó÷ù the ~ of the car Ù»ù»- Ïáï Íáí. ~ child ³ßËáõÛÅ/³ñ³·³ß³ñÅ
ݳÛÇ Ã³÷ù. (ÑÇÙݳϳÝ/·É˳íáñ Ù³ëÁ). a »ñ»Ë³:
large ~ of facts ÷³ëï»ñÇ Ù»Í ù³Ý³Ïáõ- bold [bəuld] a ѳٳñÓ³Ï, Ëǽ³Ë. ~ thinker
ÃÛáõÝ. the ~ of report/book ½»ÏáõóÙ³Ý/·ñùÇ Ëǽ³Ë/ѳٳñÓ³Ï Ùï³ÍáÕ. ~ attempt/
ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý Ù³ëÁ. devote ~ and soul Ñá·áí ¨ speech ѳٳñÓ³Ï ÷áñÓ/׳é. make ~ to say
Ù³ñÙÝáí ÝíÇñí»É: ѳٳñÓ³Ïí»É/ ѳٳñÓ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ
body-guard [΄bɒdiga:d] n ÃÇÏݳå³Ñ, ³ë»É. (³Ýå³ïϳé/ ÉåÇñß) as ~ as brass
³ÝÓݳå³Ñ: ËÇëï ³Ýå³ïϳé. (Ñëï³Ï, å³ñ½) in ~ re-
bog [bɒg] n ׳ÑÇ×, ׳Ñ×áõï: lief Ñëï³Ï/å³ñ½áñáß Ó¨áí. ~ (face) type ë¨
bog [bɒg] v Ëñí»É. get/be ~ged down ׳Ñ×Ç ïå³ï³é:
Ù»ç Ëñí»É. ~ged down in the commission bold-bole [bəuld΄bəul] n ͳéÇ μáõÝ:
÷Ëμ. ѳÝÓݳÅáÕáíáõÙ ËáãÁݹáïí³Í/ bold-faced [‚bəuld΄feist] a ÉÏïÇ. óí (ï³-
ï³å³Éí³Í: é»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ):
bog-berry [΄bɒg‚beri] n Éáé³Ùñ·Ç: boll [bəul] n ë»ñÙݳïáõ÷ (μ³Ùμ³ÏÇ)
boggy [΄bɒgi] a ׳Ñ×áï, ׳Ñ׳߳ï: ÏÝ·áõÕ:
bogie [΄bəugi] n ë³ÛɳÏ: bolster [΄bəulstə] 1. n ·É³Ý³Ó¨ μ³ñÓ. Ùáõ-
boggle [΄bɒgl] v í³Ë»Ý³É, ï³ï³Ýí»É. ï³- óù³. ï»Ë. ù³é³ÏáÕ ·»ñ³Ý. ɳÛݳÏÇ
ñ³Ïáõë»É. ~ at the idea í³Ë»Ý³É ÙïùÇó. The ¹ñí³Í ·»ñ³Ý. 2. v ³ç³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ óáõÛó
imagination ~s ¸Åí³ñ ¿ å³ïÏ»ñ³óÝ»É: ï³É, ë³ï³ñ»É:
bogle [΄bɒgl] n áõñí³Ï³Ý, ËñïíÇɳÏ: bolt I [bəult] n ëáÕݳÏ, ÷³Ï (¹é³Ý, Éáõë³-
bogus [΄bəugəs] a Ï»ÕÍ, ßÇÝÍáõ. ~ passport ÙáõïÇ). ï»Ë. åïáõï³Ï. a ~ of cloth ÏïáñÇ
Ï»ÕÍ ³ÝÓݳ·Çñ. ~ science Ï»ÕÍ ·Çïáõ- Ãá÷. (ϳÛͳÏ, ß³ÝÃ) a ~ from the blue áñáï
ÃÛáõÝ. His kindness is a bit ~ Üñ³ μ³ñáõÃÛáõ- å³ñ½ »ñÏÝùÇó, Ùdzݷ³Ù³ÛÝ ³Ýëå³ë»ÉÇ
ÝÁ ÙÇ ÷áùñ ßÇÝÍáõ ¿: μ³Ý. make a ~ ³ñ³· í³½»É, ÷³ËáõëïÇ
bogy [΄bəugi ] n ¹¨, ã³ñ á·Ç. ËñïíÇɳÏ: ¹Çٻɣ
Bohemian [bəu΄hi:miən] n, a μáѻٳóÇ. bolt II [bəult]1. n Ù³Õ, ù³ñÙ³Õ. 2. v Ù³Õ»É,
ó÷³é³ßñçÇÏ, μáß³. μáѻٳϳÝ, ã»Ë³- ù³ñÙ³Õ»É. ~ to the bran áõß³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ
ϳÝ: ùÝÝ»É/½ÝÝ»É:
bolt 107 book

bolt [bəult] adv ~ upright ß³ï áõÕÇÕ. sit ~ up- zen/drenched to the ~ ÙÇÝ㨠áëÏáñ ë³é³Í/
right ß³ï áõÕÇÕ/ÓÇ· Ýëï»É: Ãñçí³Í. gnaw on a ~ áëÏáñ ÏñÍ»É. A ~ stuck
bolt [bəult] v ëáÕݳÏáí ÷³Ï»É. ~ the door/the in his throat àëÏáñÁ Ùݳó ÏáÏáñ¹áõÙ. made
window ëáÕݳÏáí ÷³Ï»É ¹áõéÁ/å³ïáõѳ- of ~ áëÏáñÇó ë³ñù³Í. carved ~ ÷áñ³-
ÝÁ. ~ together åïáõï³ÏÝ»ñáí ³Ùñ³óÝ»É. ~ ·ñí³Í áëÏáñ. ~s ÏÙ³Ëù. ÷Ëμ. ³×ÛáõÝ, áë-
one’s dinner ѳå×»å ׳߻É. He ~ed for the ÏáñÝ»ñ. a ~ of contention í»×Ç ³é³ñϳ,
door ܳ ëɳó³í ¹»åÇ ¹áõéÁ: Ïéí³ËÝÓáñ. cut (costs) to the ~ Çç»óÝ»É
bolter [΄bəultə] n ï³ù³ñÛáõÝ ÓÇ: (·Ý»ñÁ ¨ ³ÛÉ) Ýí³½³·áõÛÝÇ. make old ~s
bomb [bɒm] 1. n éáõÙμ, Ó»éݳÝéݳÏ. buzz/ ³åñ»É ÙÇÝ㨠Ëáñ Í»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. make no ~s of
flying/winged ~ ÇÝùݳÃÇé ³ñÏ. robot ~ the matter ãï³ï³Ýí»É, ãí³Ë»Ý³É. have a ~
黳ÏïÇí ³ñÏ. demolition ~ ýáõ·³ë³ÛÇÝ to pick up ѳßÇíÝ»ñ áõݻݳÉ/Ù³ùñ»É:
éáõÙμ. plant a ~ éáõÙμ ¹Ý»É(·³ÕïÝÇ). explo- bone [bəun] v áëÏñ³Ñ³Ý ³Ý»É. ~ up ë»ñï»É,
sion of a ~ éáõÙμÇ å³ÛÃÛáõÝ. 2.v éÙμ³ÏáÍ»É ³Ý·Çñ ³Ý»É. ~ up on geography ³ß˳ñѳ-
(ݳ¨ª ~ out ): ·ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ë»ñï»É:
bombard [bɒm΄ba:d] v éÙμ³ÏáÍ»É. ÷Ëμ bone-dry [‚bəun΄drai] a ÉñÇí ãáñ. ³Ù. ”ãáñ”
ѳñó»ñÇ ï³ñ³÷ ï»Õ³É. ~ smb with ques- ûñ»Ýù (³ÉÏáÑáÉÇÏ ËÙÇãùÝ»ñ ³ñ·»ÉáÕ):
tions Ù»ÏÇ ·ÉËÇÝ Ñ³ñó»ñ ï»Õ³É: bone-dust [΄bəundΛst] n áëÏñÇ ³ÉÛáõñ:
bombardment [bɒm΄ba:dmənt] n éÙμ³Ïá- boneidle [‚bəun΄aidl] a ³Ñ³íáñ ÍáõÛÉ. He’s
ÍáõÃÛáõÝ: ~ ܳ ³Ñ³íáñ ÍáõÛÉ ¿:
bombast [΄bɒmbæst] n ×áéáÙáõÃÛáõÝ, í»- boner [΄bəunə] n ËëÏó. ³Ù. áõÅ»Õ Ñ³ñí³Í
ñ³Ùμ³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝ: Ù»çùÇÝ. ÷Ëμ. íñÇåáõÙ:
bombastic [bɒm΄bæstik] a ÷ùáõÝ, ×áéáÙ, bone-setter [΄bəun‚setə] n áëÏñ³μáõÛÅ:
í»ñ³Ùμ³ñÓ: bonfire [΄bəun‚faiə] n ˳ñáõÛÏ:
bomber [΄bɒmə] n ÝéݳϳÓÇ·. ³í. éÙμ³- bonnet [΄bɒnit] n ϳݳóÇ ·É˳ñÏ. gipsy ~
ÏáÍÇã (ÇÝùݳÃÇé): (ïÕ³Ù³ñ¹áõ) ɳÛÝ»½ñ ßáïɳݹ³Ï³Ý
bombing [΄bɒmiŋ] n éÙμ³ÏáÍáõÙ: ·É˳ñÏ:
bombshell [΄bɒm∫el] n éáõÙμ/³ñÏ. ÷Ëμ. bonny [΄bɒni] a ßáïÉ. ·»Õ»óÇÏ, ɳí. a ~ baby
óÝóáÕ ÝáñáõÃÛáõÝ. The news was a ~ àñáï ѳ׻ÉÇ »ñ»Ë³. a ~ lass ·»Õ»óÏáõÑÇ:
å³ñ½ »ñÏÝùÇó, ÈáõñÁ éáõÙμÇ ÝÙ³Ý å³Û- bonus [΄bəunəs] n ¹ñ³Ù³Ï³Ý å³ñ·¨. ß³-
ûó: Ñáõóμ³ÅÇÝ. ѳí»É³í׳ñ. cost-of-living ~
bombshelter [΄bɒm‚∫eltə] n éÙμ³å³ëï³- ³ß˳ï³í³ñÓÇ Ñ³í»ÉáõÙ. It’s a ~ for us that
ñ³Ý: you came ÷Ëμ. Ø»ñ μ³ËïÁ μ»ñ»ó, áñ ¹áõù
bond [bɒnd] n ϳå. ~s ϳå³ÝùÝ»ñ, ßÕó- »Ï³ù.
Ý»ñ. the ~s of friendship ÷Ëμ. μ³ñ»Ï³Ùáõ- bony [΄bəuni] a áëÏñáï. a ~ fish ÷ßáï ÓáõÏ.
ÃÛ³Ý Ï³å³ÝùÝ»ñ. in ~s μ³ÝïáõÙ. (å³ñ- (ÝÇѳñ, ÏÙ³Ëù³ó³Í) ~ hands áëÏñáï Ó»é-
ï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ) His word is (as good as) his ~ ù»ñ:
ܳ Çñ ËáëùÇ ï»ñÝ ¿. ýÇÝ. å³ñï³ïáÙë boo [bu:] v ëáõÉ»É, ßí³óÝ»É (μ³ó³ë³Ï³Ý
government/Treasury ~ s (μñÇï./³Ù.) å»ï³- ÇÙ³ëïáí). ~ the actor ëáõÉ»Éáí ëïÇå»É ¹»-
Ï³Ý å³ñï³ïáÙë»ñ. goods in/out of ~ Ù³ù- ñ³ë³ÝÇÝ Ñ»é³Ý³É/¹áõñë ³Ý»É/íéݹ»É μ»-
ë³ï³ÝÁ ÃáÕÝí³Í ³åñ³Ýù, Ù³ùë³ïáõñ- ÙÇó:
ùÁ í׳ñí³Í. redeemable ~ Ù³ñ»ÉÇ ËݳÛá- boob [bu:b] n íñÇåáõÙ. ³Ù. å³ñ½³ÙÇï/
Õ³Ï³Ý å³ñï³ïáÙë: ϳñ׳ÙÇï Ù³ñ¹:
bondage [΄bɒndidз] n ëïñÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ϳË- booby [΄bu:bi] n ³åáõß. ÑÇÙ³ñ ~ prize
í³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, ÉáõÍ: ÙËÇóñ³Ï³Ý Ùñó³Ý³Ï:
bondholder [΄bɒnd‚həuldə] n å³ñï³- boodle [΄bu:dl] n ³ÙμáË, μ³½ÙáõÃÛáõÝ:
ïáÙë/³ñÅ»ÃÕûñ áõÝ»óáÕ: book [buk] n ·Çñù. a reference ~ ï»Õ»Ï³ïáõ.
bone [bəun] n áëÏáñ, áëÏñ. ÷áõß (ÓϳÝ). The a cheque/ration ~ ã»ùÇ ·Çñù. statute ~ ûñ»Ýù-
~ is broken àëÏáñÁ Ïáïñí»É ¿. The ~ healed Ý»ñÇ ÅáÕáí³Íáõ. ~ value ѳßí»Ïßé³ÛÇÝ
slowly àëÏáñÁ ¹³Ý¹³Õ ¿ñ ë»ñï³×áõÙ. fro- ³ñÅ»ù the B~ ²ëïí³Í³ßáõÝãÁ. notebook/ex-
book 108 boot

cersize ~ ï»ïñ. visitor’s ~ ïå³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ- book-selling [΄buk‚seliŋ] n ·ñ³í³×³éáõ-


Ý»ñÇ ·Çñù. secondhand ~ Ñݳí³×³éÇ ·Çñù. ÃÛáõÝ, ·ñùÇ ³é¨ïáõñ:
guide ~ áõÕ»óáõÛó. savings ~ Ëݳ۷ñùáõÛÏ. ~ bookshelf [΄buk∫elf] n ·ñ³¹³ñ³Ï:
designer ·Çñù Ó¨³íáñáÕ. Çñ³í. case ~ ¹³- bookshop [΄buk∫ɒp] n ·ñ³Ë³ÝáõÃ:
ï³Ï³Ý ݳ˳¹»å»ñÇ ÅáÕáí³Íáõ. a heav- bookstall [΄bukstɔ:l] n ·ñùÇ Ïñå³Ï:
ily illustrated ~ ѳñáõëï å³ïÏ»ñ³½³ñ¹ bookstand [΄bukstænd] n ·ñ³å³Ñ³ñ³Ý,
·Çñù. be on the ~s óáõó³ÏáõÙ ÉÇÝ»É. be in ·ñù»ñÇ å³ïí³Ý¹³Ý/ëï»Ý¹:
smn’s good/bad, black ~ Ù»ÏÇ Ùáï ɳí/í³ï bookstore [΄bukstɔ:] n ³Ù. ·ñ³Ë³ÝáõÃ:
ѳٳñáõÙ áõݻݳÉ. do the ~s ýÇÝ. ѳßÇíÁ bookworm [΄bukwə:m] n ·ñù³ÙáÉ:
í³ñ»É. Our order ~s are full ²Ûɨë å³ïí»ñ- boom I [bu:m] n ³ÕÙáõÏ, ¹Õñ¹ÛáõÝ,
Ý»ñ ã»Ýù ÁݹáõÝáõÙ/ëå³éí»É »Ý. read smn ÃݹÛáõÝ. ~ of guns Ãݹ³ÝáÃÝ»ñÇ ÃݹÛáõÝ£
like a ~ ÷Ëμ. Ù»ÏÇ ¿áõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ó÷³Ýó»É. boom II [bu:m] n ïÝï. í»ñ»Éù. μáõÙ/³ñÑ»ë-
stick to/go by the ~ ·áñÍ»É Áëï ϳÝáÝÝ»ñÇ. ï³Ï³Ý ³ÕÙáõÏ/³× the ~ years í»ñ»ÉùÇ
be brought to the ~ å³ï³ë˳ݳïíáõÃÛ³Ý ï³ñÇÝ»ñ£
ϳÝã»É. take a leaf out of smn’s ~ Ù»ÏÇ boom I [bu:m] v ͳÕÏ»É, ³ñ³· ³×»É, μ³ñÓ-
ûÇݳÏÇÝ Ñ»ï¨»É: ñ³Ý³É. Business/Trade is ~ing ´Ç½Ý»ëÁ/
book [buk] v å³ïíÇñ»É. ~ tickets ïáÙë»ñ ²é¨ïáõñÁ ͳÕÏáõÙ ¿. ~ town ѳÝϳñͳÏÇ
å³ïíÇñ»É. ~ in advance ݳËûñáù å³ïíÇ- ³ñ³· ³×áÕ/½³ñ·³óáÕ ù³Õ³ù:
ñ»É. ~ into a hotel ÑÛáõñ³Ýáóáõ٠ѳٳñ boom II [bu:m] v Ãݹ³É£
å³ïíÇñ»É. The hotel is ~ed ÐÛáõñ³ÝáóáõÙ áã boomster [΄bu:mstə] n ËëÏó. ëå»ÏáõÉÛ³Ýï,
ÙÇ ³½³ï ï»Õ ãϳ. The actor is ~ed for the ã³ñ³ß³ÑáÕ, ߳ѳñÏáõ:
whole season ¸»ñ³ë³ÝÁ ½μ³Õí³Í ¿ ³ÙμáÕç boon [bu:n] n μ³ñÇù, μ³ñûñáõÃÛáõÝ. My
뻽áÝÇ ÁÝóóùáõÙ. Are you ~ed upon Tues- washing macÑine is a real ~ ÆÙ Éí³óùÇ Ù»-
day? ¸áõù ½μ³Õí³±Í »ù »ñ»ùß³μÃÇ. ù»Ý³Ý ÇëÏ³Ï³Ý μ³ñÇù ¿:
(·ñ³Ýó»É) ~ orders å³ïí»ñÝ»ñ ·ñ³Ýó»É. boon [bu:n] a áõñ³Ë, ¹áõñ»Ï³Ý. ~ companion
be heavily ~ed ã³÷³½³Ýó ß³ï å³ïí»ñ- áõñ³Ë μ³Å³Ï³ÏÇó:
Ý»ñ áõݻݳÉ. Ùñ½. The referee ~ed him ¸³- boorish [΄buəri∫] a ÏáåÇï, ³Ýï³ß, ³Ý-
ï³íáñÁ ݳ˳½·áõß³óñ»ó/ݳ˳½·áõ- ÏÇñÃ:
ß³óáõÙ ³ñ»ó. I’m ~ed! ´éÝí»°óÇ, ÁÝϳ°: boost [bu:st] v ËëÏó. ûè³ÏÇ Ññ»É, Ý»óáõÏ
bookbinder [΄buk‚baində] n ϳ½Ù³ñ³ñ: ÉÇÝ»É. ~ the plane into the air ÇÝùݳÃÇéÁ û¹
bookbinding [΄buk‚baindiŋ] n ϳ½Ù³ñ³- μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É. ïÝï. Advertizing has ~ed the
ñáõÃÛáõÝ: sale ¶áí³½¹áõÙÁ ³ñ³·³óñ»ó í³×³éùÁ.
bookcase [΄bukkeis] n ·ñ³å³Ñ³ñ³Ý: need ~ing Ëñ³Ëáõë³ÝùÇ/ù³ç³É»ñÙ³Ý
booking [΄bukiŋ] n ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ í³ñÓ³- ϳñÇù áõݻݳÉ:
Ññ³í»ñ: booster [΄bu:stə] n ï»Ë. áõŻճóáõóÇã.,
booking-clerk [΄bukiŋkla:k] n ïáÙë³í³- ûųݹ³Ï, Éñ³óáõóÇã. a ~ injection Éñ³óáõ-
׳é (·Ý³óùÇ, óïñáÝÇ): óÇã ëñëÏáõÙ. a ~ rocket ÏñáÕ ÑñÃÇé:
booking-office [΄bukiŋ‚ɒfis] n ïáÙë³ñÏÕ, boot [bu:t] n ÏáßÇÏ. ³íïá. μ»éݳËóÇÏ.
ïáÙë»ñÇ ¹ñ³Ù³ñÏÕ. (ÑÛáõñ³ÝáóÇ) ·ñ³- high/riding ~ »ñϳñ³×Çï ÏáßÇÏ. ~s ýáõï-
ë»ÝÛ³Ï: μáÉÇ ÏáßÇÏ, μáõÃë. tight-fitting ~s ÏÇå
book-keeper [΄buk‚ki:pə] n ѳßí³å³Ñ: (ÝëïáÕ) ÏáßÇÏÝ»ñ. give smb the ~ ³ß˳-
book-keeping [΄buk‚ki:piŋ] n ѳßí³å³- ï³ÝùÇó Ñ»é³óÝ»É. The ~ is on the other leg
ÑáõÃÛáõÝ: гݷ³Ù³ÝùÝ»ñÁ ÷áËí»É »Ý. die in one’ ~s
booklet [΄buklət] n ·ñùáõÛÏ, μñáßÛáõñ: ѳÝϳñÍ³Ù³Ñ ÉÇÝ»É / å³ßïáÝáõÙ Ù»éÝ»É.
book-maker [΄buk‚meikə] n μ³Ý³ù³Õ. be in smn’s ~s Ù»ÏÇ ï»ÕÁ ÉÇÝ»É.
Ódzñß. ·ñ³íÁÝϳÉ, μáõùÙ»Ûù»ñ: be too big for one’s ~s Çñ Ù³ëÇÝ Ù»Í Ï³ñÍÇùÇ
bookmark [΄bukma:k] n ¿ç³Ýß³Ý: ÉÇÝ»É:
book-seller [΄buk‚selə] n ·ñ³í³×³é. se- boot [bu:t] v ³ñӳϻÉ. Ñ»é³óÝ»É. ~ smb out
cond hand ~ Ñݳ·ñ³í³×³é: of the house ï³ÝÇó Ñ»é³óÝ»É:
bootblack 109 boss

bootblack [΄bu:tblæk] n ÏáßÇÏ Ù³ùñáÕ: borderline [΄bɔ:dəlain] n ë³ÑÙ³Ý, ë³ÑÙ³-


bootee [΄bu:ti:] n Ù³ÝϳϳÝ/ϳݳóÇ Ïá- ݳ·ÇÍ. ÷Ëμ. ݳ¨ª Çñ³í. ~ case áã å³ñ½/
ßÇÏ: ¹Åí³ñ ¹»åù:
booth [bu:ð] n ËóÇÏ, Ïñå³Ï, ï³Õ³í³ñ. te- bore I [bɔ:] n Ñáñ³ï (·áñÍÇù). Ññ³ÝáÃÇ/
lephone ~ Ñ»é³ËáëÇ ËóÇÏ. voting ~ ÁÝïñ³- Ãݹ³ÝáÃÇ ïñ³Ù³ã³÷, ÷áÕ³Ýóù:
Ï³Ý ËóÇÏ. ticket ~ ïáÙë»ñÇ Ïñå³Ï: bore II [bɔ:] 1. n Ó³ÝÓñáõÛÃ, Ó³ÝÓñ³ÉÇ
bootlace [΄bu:tleis] n ÏáßϳùáõÕ: Ù³ñ¹. He is a ~ ܳ Ó³ÝÓñ³ÉÇ/ï³ÕïϳÉÇ ¿.
bootlegger [΄bu:tlegə] n Ù³ùë³Ý»Ý·, ³ñ- 2. Ù Ó³ÝÓñ³óÝ»É. ~ smn stiff Ù³Ñáõ ã³÷
·»Éí³Í ³ÉÏáÑáÉ í³×³éáÕ: Ó³ÝÓñ³óÝ»É. be ~d Ó³ÝÓñ³Ý³É. ~d doing
bootless [΄bu:tləs] a ³Ýû·áõï. ~ efforts nothing å³ñ³åáõÃÛáõÝÇó ½³ÑÉ³Ý ·Ý³ó³Í:
³Ýû·áõï ×Ç·»ñ: bore [bɔ:] v Ñáñ³ï»É, ß³Õ³÷»É, ͳϻÉ. ~ a
bootmaker [΄bu:tmeikə] n Ïáßϳϳñ£ tunnel ÃáõÝ»É μ³ó»É. ~ a well çñÑáñ Ñáñ³-
bootpolish [΄bu:t΄pɒli∫] ÏáßÇÏÇ í³ùë/Ý»ñÏ: ï»É. ~ a hole ³Ýóù μ³ó»É/ͳϻÉ. ~ 100
boots [bu:ts] n (ÑÛáõñ³ÝáóáõÙ) ÙÇç³Ýóù³ÛÇÝ metre. of granite 100 Ù»ïñ ѳëïáõÃÛ³Ùμ
ëå³ë³íáñ: ·ñ³ÝÇïÁ ͳϻÉ. His eyes ~d through me ܳ
bootstrap loader [΄bu:tstræp ΄lɔudə] ͳÏáÕ Ñ³Û³óùáí ݳۻó ÇÝÓ:
ÑÙÏñ·. ëϽμÝ³Ï³Ý μ»éÝÇ㣠boreal [΄bɔ:riəl] a ÑÛáõëÇë³ÛÇÝ:
bootstrap memory [΄bu:tstræp ΄meməri] boredom [΄bɔ:dəm] n Ó³ÝÓñáõÛÃ, ï³Õï-
ÑÙÏñ·. ÇÝùݳμ»éÝíáÕ Íñ³·ñÇÝ Ñ³ïϳó- ÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
í³Í ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝ: borer [΄bɔ:rə] n Ñáñ³ïÇã, ·³ÛÉÇÏáÝ, ß³-
boot-top [΄bu:ttɒp] n (ÏáßÇÏÇ) ×Çïù: Õ³÷:
booty [΄bu:ti] n ³í³ñ, ÏáÕáåáõï. play ~ boring [΄bɔ:riŋ] a Ó³ÝÓñ³ÉÇ, ï³ÕïϳÉÇ. ~
˳ÕÁÝÏ»ñáçÁ û·Ý»É ï³Ý»Éáõ: person/talk/party ï³ÕïϳÉÇ/Ó³ÝÓñ³ÉÇ
Ù³ñ¹/ ½ñáõÛó/ѳí³ùáõÛÃ. What a ~ film/no-
booze [bu:z] n ³ÉÏáÑáɳÛÇÝ ËÙÇãù. I’ve
vel ƯÝã Ó³ÝÓñ³ÉÇ ýÇÉÙ/í»å ¿:
brought the ~ ÊÙÇãù »Ù μ»ñ»É. have a ~ up, go
on the ~ ·Çݳñμáõù ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñå»É:
born [bɔ:n] a ÍÝí³Í, μݳÍÇÝ. a ~ poet μݳ-
ÍÇÝ åá»ï. be ~ ÍÝí»É. in all my ~ (days) ÇÙ
boracic [bə΄ræsik] a ùÇÙ. μáñ³ÛÇÝ. ~ acid
³ÙμáÕç ÏÛ³ÝùáõÙ. ~ and bred Londoner μÝÇÏ
μáñ³ÃÃáõ:
ÈáݹáÝóÇ. ~ with a silver spoon in one’s mouth
borax [΄bɔ:ræks] n ùÇÙ. μáñ³Ï: μ³Ëï³íáñ (³ëïÕÇ ï³Ï) ÍݳÍ:
border [΄bɔ:də]1. n ë³ÑÙ³Ý. natural/distant ~ borough [΄bΛrə] n ÷áùñ ù³Õ³ù. ßñç³Ý.
μݳϳÝ/Ñ»é³íáñ ë³ÑÙ³Ý. along the ~
municipal ~ ÇÝùݳí³ñáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»óáÕ ù³-
ë³ÑÙ³ÝÇ »ñϳÛÝùáí. on the ~ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÇ
Õ³ù. ~ council ù³Õ³ù³ÛÇÝ ËáñÑáõñ¹:
íñ³. ~ control ë³ÑٳݳÛÇÝ ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛáõÝ.
borrow [΄bɒrəu] v ÷áË ³éÝ»É, å³ñïù
The ~ runs ê³ÑÙ³ÝÝ ³ÝóÝáõÙ ¿. cross the ~
í»ñóÝ»É. Can I ~ your iron? γñá±Õ »Ù Ó»ñ
ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ ³ÝóÝ»É. 2. a ë³ÑٳݳÛÇÝ. ~ zone ³ñ¹áõÏÁ í»ñóÝ»É. ~ books from the library
ë³ÑٳݳÛÇÝ ½áݳ. ~ incident/guard ë³ÑÙ³- ·ñ³¹³ñ³ÝÇó ·Çñù í»ñóÝ»É. ~ words/ideas
ݳÛÇÝ ÙÇç³¹»å/å³Ñ³Ï³ËáõÙμ. (»½ñ, μ³é»ñ/Ùïù»ñ ÷á˳éÝ»É. English has ~ed
ͳÛñ, »½ñ³·ÇÍ). narrow ~ Ý»Õ »½ñ³·ÇÍ. many words fom French ²Ý·É»ñ»ÝÁ ß³ï ÷á-
flower ~ ͳÕÇÏÝ»ñÇ »½ñ³½³ñ¹. dress ~ ˳éáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ¿ ϳï³ñ»É ýñ³Ýë»ñ»ÝÇó:
ѳ·áõëïÇ »½ñ/ͳÛñ. beyond the ~ of science bosh [bɒ∫] n, int ÑÇÙ³ñ μ³Ý. ÑÇÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇó ¹áõñë. the ~s of bosom [΄buzəm] n ÏáõñÍù, Íáó. hold the child
knowledge ·Çï»ÉÇùÇ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ: to one’s ~ »ñ»Ë³ÛÇÝ ÏñÍùÇÝ ë»ÕÙ»É. ÷Ëμ.
border [΄bɔ:də] v ë³ÑٳݳÏÇó ÉÇÝ»É. »½- conceal/carry smth in the ~ Ñá·áõÙ ÇÝã-áñ
ñ³å³ï»É. ~ on ë³ÑٳݳÏÇó ÉÇÝ»É. My ·³ÕïÝÇù å³Ñ»É. a ~ friend Ùï»ñÇÙ ÁÝÏ»ñ.
land ~s on yours ÆÙ ÑáÕ³ÏïáñÁ ë³Ñٳݳ- ëñï³ÏÇó μ³ñ»Ï³Ù. ÷Ëμ. in the ~ of the
ÏÇó ¿ ùá ÑáÕÇÝ. This ~s on insanity ¸³ ÝÙ³Ý family ÁÝï³ÝÇùÇ ÍáóáõÙ:
¿ ˻ɳ·³ñáõÃÛ³Ý: boss [bɒs] n ï»ñ. Ó»éݳñϳï»ñ. ïÝûñ»Ý.
borderland [΄bɔ:dəlænd] n ë³ÑٳݳٻñÓ Who ‘s ~ here? à±í ¿ ³Ûëï»Õ ·É˳íáñÁ. my
ßñç³Ý: ~ ÇÙ ï»ñÁ, ß»ýÁ£
boss 110 boulevard

boss [bɒs] v ïÝûñÇÝ»É. Ññ³Ù³ÝÝ»ñ ï³É. bottle-feed [΄bɒtlfi:d] v ßßáí Ï»ñ³Ïñ»É. ~ a


ϳé³í³ñ»É. ~ the party »ñ»ÏáõÛÃÁ ïÝûñÇ- baby »ñ»Ë³ÛÇÝ ßßáí Ï»ñ³Ïñ»É. bottle-fed
Ý»É: baby ³ñÑ»ëï³Ï³Ý ëÝáõóáõÙ ëï³ó³Í
botanical [bə΄tænikl] a μáõë³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý. ~ »ñ»Ë³:
gardens μáõë³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý ³Û·Ç: bottle-green [΄bɒtlgri:n] a ßß³·áõÛÝ, Ùáõ·
botanist [΄bɒtənist] n μáõë³μ³Ý: ϳݳã:
botany [΄bɒtəni] n μáõë³μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: bottle-holder [΄bɒtl‚həuldə] n μéÝóù³Ù³ñ-
botch [bɒt∫] n í³ï ϳï³ñí³Í ³ß˳- ïÇÏÇ û·Ý³Ï³Ý/ëå³ë³ñÏáÕ. ÷Ëμ. û·Ý³-
ï³Ýù: ϳÝ, ÏáÕÙݳÏÇó:
botch [bɒt∫] v ³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ ÷ã³óÝ»É. ~ bottle–opener [‚bɒtl΄əup(ə)nə] Ëó³Ý³-
things ³ÙμáÕç ·áñÍÁ ÷ã³óÝ»É. ~ it somehow ѳÝ:
ÙÇ Ï»ñå ϳñϳï»É: bottle-screw [΄bɒtlskru:] n Ëó³Ý³Ñ³Ý:
botcher [΄bɒt∫ə] n ³Ý׳ñ³Ï Ù³ñ¹. ”÷Çݳ- bottom [΄bɒtəm] n ѳï³Ï (ÍáíÇ, ·»ïÇ ¨
ãÇ”: ³ÛÉÝ). reach/touch the ~ ѳï³ÏÇÝ Ñ³ëÝ»É. go
both [bəuθ] 1. a, prn »ñÏáõëÝ ¿É. ~ my friends to the ~ ˻չí»É. send to the ~ çñ³ëáõÛ½
ÇÙ »ñÏáõ ÁÝÏ»ñÝ»ñÝ ¿É. ~ of us Ù»Ýù »ñÏáõëë ³Ý»É, Ëáñï³Ï»É. sink to the ~ çñ³ëáõÛ½ ÉÇ-
¿É. for ~ of these reasons ³Ûë »ñÏáõ å³ï- Ý»É. ~ up (ѳ)ï³ÏÁ í»ñ¨. ~ of the ship/barrel
׳éáí. You can’t have it ~ ways ä»ïù ¿ ݳíÇ/ï³Ï³éÇ Ñ³ï³ÏÁ. at the ~ of the heart
ÁÝïñ»É Ù»ÏÁ. 2. adv ~ and ÇÝãå»ë... ³ÛÝå»ë ëñïÇ ËáñùáõÙ. from the ~ of the heart Ç
¿É. He speaks ~ Armenian and English well ܳ Ëáñáó ëñïÇ, ëñïÇ ËáñùÇó. be at the ~
É³í ¿ ËáëáõÙ ÇÝãå»ë ѳۻñ»Ý ³ÛÝå»ë ¿É å³ï׳éÁ ÉÇÝ»É. the ~ of a mountain/hill
³Ý·É»ñ»Ý: ë³ñÇ ëïáñáï. the ~ of the steps ³Ù»Ý³Ý»ñ-
bother [΄bɒðə] n ³ÝѳݷëïáõÃÛáõÝ. ·É˳- ù¨Ç ³ëïÇ׳ÝÁ. at the ~ of the table ë»Õ³ÝÇ
ó³í³Ýù. Ñá·ë. cause ~ ³ÝѳݷëïáõÃÛáõÝ Ý»ñù¨áõÙ. at the ~ of the class (³é³ç³¹ÇÙáõ-
å³ï׳é»É. No ~ at all ´áÉáñáíÇÝ ¿É ³Ý- ÃÛ³Ùμ) í»ñçÇÝ ï»ÕÁ ·ñ³í»É. ÷Ëμ. (¿áõ-
ѳݷëïáõÃÛáõÝ ã¿. This lock is always a ~ ²Ûë ÃÛáõÝ) get to the ~ of ¿áõÃÛ³ÝÁ ѳëÝ»É. (ÑÇÙù,
ÏáÕå»ùÁ ÙÇßï ·É˳ó³í³Ýù ¿ å³ï׳- ýáõݹ³Ù»Ýï) stand on one’s own ~ ÇÝùÝáõ-
éáõÙ. have a spot of ~ Ñá·ë/·É˳ó³í³Ýù ñáõÛÝ ÉÇÝ»É, áïùÇ Ï³Ý·Ý»É. There is no ~ to
áõݻݳÉ: it êñ³ í»ñçÁ ãÇ »ñ¨áõÙ, í»ñçÁ ãϳ. At ~ he
bother [΄bɒðə] v ˳ݷ³ñ»É. Dûes it ~ you ? is a kind man Ü»ñùáõëï ݳ μ³ñÇ Ù³ñ¹ ¿. get
¸³ Ó»½ ˳ݷ³ñá±õÙ ¿. (³Ýѳݷëï³óÝ»É). to the ~ of the matter ·áñÍÇ ¿áõÃÛáõÝÁ ѳë-
Don’t ~ me now ÆÝÓ ÑÇÙ³ ÙÇ ³Ýѳݷëï³ó- ϳݳÉ. from top to the ~ í»ñ¨Çó Ý»ñù¨:
ñ»ù. (³Ýѳݷëï³Ý³É) Please don’t ~ bottom [΄bɒtəm] a ³Ù»Ý³ëïáñÇÝ, ³Ù»Ý³-
ÊݹñáõÙ »Ù, ÙÇ ³Ýѳݷëï³ó»ù. He does- í»ñçÇÝ. ~ shelf ³Ù»Ý³Ý»ñù¨Ç ¹³ñ³ÏÁ. ~
n’t even ~ to phone ܳ ÝáõÛÝÇëÏ Ý»ÕáõÃÛáõÝ price í»ñçÝ³Ï³Ý ·ÇÝÁ. one’s ~ dollar í»ñçÇÝ
ãÏñ»ó ½³Ý·»Éáõ. (ÝÛ³ñ¹³ÛݳݳÉ) ~ too ¹áɳñÁ:
much ß³ï ÝÛ³ñ¹³ÛݳݳÉ. Oh, ~ it! bottom [΄bɒtəm] v ÑÇÙÝ»É. ѳï³ÏÇÝ Ñ³ë-
ê³ï³Ý³Ý ï³ÝÇ: Ý»É. ËáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ã³÷»É. ¿áõÃÛáõÝÁ ÁÙμéÝ»É,
bothersome [΄bɒðəsəm] a Ó³ÝÓñ³óáõóÇã, ѳëϳݳÉ:
³Ýѳݷëï³óÝáÕ, Ý»ÕáõÃÛáõÝ å³ï׳éáÕ: bottom-land [΄bɒtəmlænd] n áÕáÕíáÕ Ù³ñ-
bottle [΄bɒtl] n ßÇß. a ~ of wine/milk ÙÇ ßÇß ·³·»ïÇÝ, ÑáíÇï:
·ÇÝÇ/ϳÃ. the neck of the ~ ßßÇ μ»ñ³Ý. baby’s bottomless [΄bɒtəmləs] a ³Ýѳï³Ï, ³Ý-
~ Ù³ÝÏ³Ï³Ý ëÝáõݹ. water ~ ï³÷³ßÇß. hot ͳÛñ³ÍÇñ, ³Ýë³ÑÙ³Ý:
water ~ ç»ñÙ³Ï. perfume ~ ûͳݻÉÇùÇ bottommost [΄bɒtəmməust] a ³Ù»Ý³Ñ³-
ëñí³Ï. open/uncork the ~ ßÇßÁ μ³ó»É: ï³ÏÇ, ³Ù»Ý³ó³Íñ:
bottle [΄bɒtl] v ßß»ñÇ Ù»ç ÉóÝ»É. ~ wine ·ÇÝÇÝ bough [bau] n áëï, ×ÛáõÕ:
ßß»ñÇ Ù»ç ÉóÝ»É. ~ed beer ßßáí ·³ñ»çáõñ. boulder [΄bəuldə] n ·É³Å³Ûé, ·É³ù³ñ. ·»-
÷Ëμ. ~ up one’s feelings ½·³óÙáõÝùÝ»ñÁ ï³ù³ñ:
½ëå»É: boulevard [΄bu:ləva:d] n ù³Õ³ù³ÛÇÝ ½μá-
bounce 111 bowery

ë³Û·Ç. μáõÉí³ñ. ³Ù. åáÕáï³: pute/stone ë³ÑٳݳٻñÓ í»×/Ýß³Ý. ÑÙÏñ·.


bounce [bauns] n áëïÛáõÝ, ó³ïÏ. with a ~ ~ protection ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛ³Ý å³ßïå³Ýí³-
ÙÇ ÃéÇãùáí. double-~ Ùñ½. ·Ý¹³ÏÇ ÏñÏݳÏÇ ÍáõÃÛáõÝ:
»ï Ãéã»ÉÁ. The ball has lost its ~ ¶Ý¹³ÏÁ boundless [΄baundləs] a ³Ýë³ÑÙ³Ý,
Ïáñóñ»É ¿ Çñ ³é³Ó·³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ. be full ³Ý»½ñ. ³ÝͳÛñ³ÍÇñ:
of ~ ÷Ëμ. »é³Ý¹áí/Ïáñáíáí ÉÇ ÉÇÝ»É: bountiful [΄bauntifl] a ³é³ï³Ó»éÝ, Édz-
bounce [bauns] v ó³ïÏ»É, í»ñ Ãéã»É. »ï é³ï, ³é³ï:
Ãéã»É/ó³ïÏ»É. ~ into/out of the room ë»ÝÛ³- bounty [΄baunti] n ³é³ï³Ó»éÝáõÃÛáõÝ,
ÏÇó Ý»ñë/¹áõñë Ãéã»É. The ball ~d off the wall ³é³ï³Ó»éÝ Ýí»ñ:
¶Ý¹³ÏÁ å³ïÇó Ñ»ï Ãé³í/ó³ïÏ»ó. áë- bouquet [bu΄kei] n ͳÕÏ»÷áõÝç (ݳ¨ª
ïáëï³É. The car is bouncing Ø»ù»Ý³Ý áë- ·ÇÝáõ ÷áõÝç):
ïáëïáõÙ ¿£ bourgeois [΄buəзwa:] n, a μáõñÅáõ³, μáõñ-
bouncer [΄baunsə] n å³ñÍ»ÝÏáï, ëï³Ëáë Åáõ³Ï³Ý:
Ù³ñ¹: bourgeoisie [‚buəзwa:΄zi] n μáõñÅáõ³½Ç³.
bouncing [΄baunsiŋ] 1. a ѳÕóݹ³Ù, petty ~ Ù³Ýñ μáõñÅáõ³½Ç³:
Ëáßáñ, ³éáÕç³Ï³½Ù. 2. n ÇÝùݳÃÇéÇ bout [baut] n ³Ý·³Ù. Ùñ½. ·áï»Ù³ñï. this ~
ó³ïÏÁ í³Ûñ¿çùÇ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï£ ³Ûë ³Ý·³Ù. at one ~ Ùdzݷ³ÙÇó. (Ýáå³) a
bound I [baund] n ë³ÑÙ³Ý. ~s ë³Ñٳݳ- ~ of coughing ѳ½Ç Ýáå³. (·Çݳñμáõù) a
÷³ÏáõÙ. set ~s ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï»É, ë³ÑÙ³Ý drinking ~ ·Çݳñμáõù. do a good ~ in the gar-
¹Ý»É. go beyond the ~s of reason ³ÝËáѻ٠den ÙÇ É³í ³ß˳ï»É ³Û·áõÙ:
ÉÇÝ»É, ËáÑ»ÙáõÃÛ³Ý ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇó ¹áõñë bovine [΄bəuvain] a »½³Ý, óáõÉÇ/óɳÛÇÝ.
·³É. beyond the ~s of ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇó ¹áõñë. ÷Ëμ. ͳÝñ³ß³ñÅ, ¹³Ý¹³Õ³ß³ñÅ:
The film is out of ~s for them ²Ûë ÏÇÝá¹Çï- bow I [bəu] n ³Õ»Õ. ~ and arrow Ý»ï áõ
³Õ»Õ. shoot the ~ Ý»ïÝ ³ñӳϻÉ. »ñÅß.
Ù³Ý ÙáõïùÁ Ýñ³Ýó ³ñ·»Éí³Í ¿. ÑÙÏñ·. ~
(çáõóÏÇ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ) ³Õ»Õ. (ѳݷáõó³íáñ
registers ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛ³Ý é»·ÇëïñÝ»ñ. ~ vari-
ųå³í»Ý) ݳ¨ª tie a ~ ųå³í»Ý/μ³Ýï
able ϳåí³Í ÷á÷á˳ϳÝ:
ϳå»É. tie in a ~ ųå³í»ÝÇ Ó¨áí ϳå»É.
bound II [baund] n áëïÛáõÝ, ó³ïÏ. at a ~ ÙÇ
(áÕçáõÛÝ, ·ÉáõË ï³ÉÁ) make a low ~ ËáݳñÑ
áëïÛáõÝáí. at leaps and ~s áëïÛáõÝÝ»ñáí:
·ÉáõË ï³É. The actor took his ~ ¸»ñ³ë³ÝÁ
bound I [baund] v ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï»É, ³Ýç³- ·ÉáõË ïí»ó:
ï»É. The garden was ~ed by a wall ²Û·ÇÝ
bow II [bau] n Íáí. (ݳíÇ) ùÇÃ, ³éç¨Ç Ù³ë:
³Ýç³ïí³Í ¿ñ å³ïáí:
bow [bau] v Ïé³Ý³É, Íéí»É. The old man was
bound II [baund] v ó³ïÏ»É, ³ñ³· í³½»É. ~ed with age Ì»ñáõÏÁ ï³ñÇùÇó Ïáñ³ó»É ¿ñ.
The dog ~ed across the fence ÞáõÝÁ ó³ïÏ»ó
(·ÉáõË ï³É, ËáݳñÑí»É) He ~ed to the audi-
ó³Ýϳå³ïÇ íñ³Ûáí. He came ~ing towards
ence ܳ ·ÉáõË ïí»ó áõÝÏݹÇñÝ»ñÇÝ. ~ing
me ܳ ó³ïÏ»Éáí ëɳÝáõÙ ¿ñ ¹»åÇ ÇÝÓ:
acquaintance ûè³ÏÇ Í³ÝáÃáõÃÛáõÝ. make
bound [baund] a Ýå³ï³Ï³Ï»ï, áõÕ¨áñ- one’s ~ Ññ³Å»ßï ï³É, Ñ»é³Ý³É. (»ÝóñÏ-
íáÕ. The ship is ~ for Odessa ܳíÁ ú¹»ë³ ¿ í»É) ~ to fate μ³ËïÇÝ »ÝóñÏí»É. ~ to the
áõÕ¨áñíáõÙ/·ÝáõÙ. (å³ñï³íáñí³Í, ϳå- inevitable ³ÝËáõë³÷»ÉÇÇÝ »ÝóñÏí»É. ~
í³Í). He’s ~ to come ܳ ³Ýå³ÛÙ³Ý Ï·³. before authority ËáݳñÑí»É Ñ»ÕÇݳÏáõÃÛ³Ý
It’s ~ to happen ê³ ³Ýå³ÛÙ³Ý ÏÉÇÝÇ. feel ~ ³éç¨:
å³ñï³íáñ ½·³É. be ~ by ϳåí³Í/ë³Ñ- bowels [΄bauəls] n pl ³ÕÇùÝ»ñ, ÷áñáïÇù.
ٳݳ÷³Ïí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. be ~ by contract ÏáÝï- the ~ of the Earth ºñÏñÇ Áݹ»ñù:
ñ³Ïïáí ϳåí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. be ~ up in one’s bower I [΄bauə] n ï³Õ³í³ñ. μÝëï. ϳó³-
work ÙÇÝ㨠·ÉáõËÁ óÕí³Í ÉÇÝ»É ³ß˳- ñ³Ý:
ï³ÝùÇ Ù»ç. Çñ³í. over ~ to military service bower II [΄bauə] n Íáí. Ù»Í/·É˳íáñ ˳-
½Çݳå³ñï ÉÇÝ»É. be ~ over ÷áñÓÝ³Ï³Ý ñÇëË:
ųÙÏ»ï ï³É. homeward ~ ѳÛñ»ÝÇù í»ñ³- bowery [΄bauəri] a ͳé»ñáí/Ã÷»ñáí ßñç³-
¹³ñÓáÕ: å³ïí³Í. ëïí»ñáï. ³Ù. ³·³ñ³Ï, ý»ñ-
boundary [΄baundəri] n ë³ÑÙ³Ý. a ~ dis- Ù³:
bowie-knife 112 bracket

bowie-knife [΄bəuinaif] n ³Ù. »ñϳñ áñëáñ- in for ~ μáùëáí ½μ³Õí»É. ~ match μéÝóù³-
¹³Ï³Ý ¹³Ý³Ï: Ù³ñïÇ ÙñóáõÙ:
bow-knot [΄bəunɒt] n ѳݷáõó³íáñ ų- boxing day [΄bɒksiŋdei] n ÍÝÝ¹Û³Ý ïáÝÇ
å³í»Ý: ѳçáñ¹ ûñÁ, Ýí»ñÝ»ñÇ ûñÁ:
bowl I [bəul] n ÷áùñ ¨ Ù»Í Ã³ë. ·³í³Ã. box-keeper [΄bɒks‚ki:pə] n óïñáÝÇ
sugar ~ ß³ù³ñ³Ù³Ý. salad ~ ³Õó³ÝÇ/ë³- ûÃÛ³ÏÇ ëå³ë³íáñ:
ɳÃÇ ³Ù³Ý. the ~ ËÝçáõÛù. a ~ of flowers/fruit box-number [΄bɒks‚nΛmbə] n ÷áëï³ñÏÕ:
ÙÇ Í³ÕÏ³Ù³Ý Í³ÕÇÏ, ÙÇ ³Ù³Ý ÙÇñ·: box-office [΄bɒks‚ɒfis] n óïñ. ïáÙë³ñÏÕ:
bowl II [bəul] n ·áõݹ, ·Ý¹³Ë³Õ: box–room [΄bɒksru:m] n Ëáñ¹³Ýáó:
bowl [bəul] v ·Ý¹³Ë³Õ ˳ճÉ. ~ along box-up [΄bɒksΛp] n ËëÏó. ˳éݳß÷áÃáõ-
·Éáñí»É, ·Éáñí»Éáí ·Ý³É. ~ along on bikes ÃÛáõÝ, ßÇɳ÷ɳí:
ѻͳÝÇí ùß»É/·Ý³É. ÷Ëμ. ß÷áûóÝ»É, boxwood [΄bɒkswud] n μëμ. ßÇÙß³ï, ïá-
óÝó»É be ~ed over by the news ÝáñáõÃÛáõÝÇó ë³Ë, ïáë³Ë³÷³Ûï:
óÝóí»É: boxy [΄bɒksi] a Ý»Õ, ³Ùáõñ ·ñÏáÕ:
bow-legged [‚bəu΄legid] a Íáõéáï³ÝÇ, Íáõé boy [bɔi] n ïÕ³. clever/foolish/timid/strange ~
áï: ˻ɳóÇ/ÑÇÙ³ñ/»ñÏãáï/ï³ñûñÇÝ³Ï ïÕ³.
bowler [΄bəulə] n Ïáï»ÉáÏ (ïÕ³Ù³ñ¹áõ (å³ï³ÝÇ, »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹) ËëÏó. my ~ ëÇñ»-
·É˳ñÏ). battle ~ åáÕå³ï» ë³Õ³í³ñï: ÉÇë, μ³ñ»Ï³Ùë. ËëÏó. old ~ Í»ñáõÏ. (Ïáã³-
bowling-alley [΄bəuliŋ‚æli] n Ù³ñ·³·»ïÇÝ Ï³Ý) Come over here, ~ ºñÇï³ë³ñ¹, ³Ûë-
·Ý¹³Ë³ÕÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. ù»·»Éμ³Ý: ï»Õ ³ñÇ. (áñ¹Ç) They have two ~s Üñ³Ýù
bowman [΄bəumən] n ³Õ»Õݳíáñ, Ý»ï³- »ñÏáõ ïÕ³ áõÝ»Ý. old ~s ÑÇÝ ÁÝÏ»ñÝ»ñ, Ù»ñ
ÓÇ·: ïճݻñÁ. Íáí. Ïñïë»ñ ݳí³ëïÇ, ÛáõÝ·³.
bow-string [΄bəustriŋ] n ³Õ»Õݳɳñ: ËëÏó. the ~ ß³Ùå³ÛÝ ·ÇÝÇ:
bow-tie [‚bəu΄tai] n ÃÇûéݳӨ ÷áÕϳå: boycott [΄bɔikɒt] n, v μáÛÏáï. μáÛÏáï»É,
bow-window [‚bəu΄windəu] n ß»ÝùÇ ³å³- μáÛÏáïÇ »ÝóñÏ»É:
Ï»å³ï »Éáõëï: boyfriend [΄bɔifrend] n ïÕ³ ÁÝÏ»ñ. Mary’s
bow-wow [‚bauwau] n ßݳѳã. ѳý-ѳý: ~ Ø»ñÇÇ ÁÝÏ»ñÁ:
box I [bɒks] n ³ñÏÕ, ïáõ÷, ëݹáõÏ. heavy/ca- boyhood [΄bɔihud] n å³ï³Ý»ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. In
pacious~ ͳÝñ/ï³ñáÕáõÝ³Ï ³ñÏÕ/ëݹáõÏ. his ~ he lived in England ܳ å³ï³Ý»Ïáõ-
match ~ ÉáõóÏáõ ïáõ÷. lacquered/carved ~ ɳ- ÃÛáõÝÝ ³Ýó ¿ Ï³óñ»É ²Ý·ÉdzÛáõÙ:
ù³Í/÷áñ³·ñ³Í ïáõ÷. sentry ~ å³Ñ³- boyish [΄bɔi∫] a å³ï³Ý»Ï³Ý, ïճ۳ϳÝ,
ïݳÏ. óïñ. ûÃÛ³Ï. jury ~ »ñ¹íÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ »ñ»Ë³Û³Ï³Ý:
ѳïí³ÍÁ ¹³ï³ñ³ÝáõÙ. letter/money ~ bra [bra:] n (Ïñ×. brassiere) ÏñÍϳÉ:
÷áëï³ñÏÕ. a ~ of chocolates/eggs ÙÇ ïáõ÷ brace [breis] n ϳå, ׳ñٳݹ. ïå·ñ. Ù»Í
ßáÏáɳ¹/Óáõ. in the wrong ~ ³ÝѳñÙ³ñ ÷³Ï³·ÇÍ. pl. ~s ï³μ³ï³Ï³É, ß³Éí³ñ³-
¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç. be in a (tight) ~ ¹Åí³ñ ϳ- ϳÉ. ï»ËÝ. ~ and bit ß³Õ³÷, ·³ÛÉÇÏáÝ:
óáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É. ÑÙÏñ·. áõÕÕ³ÝÏÛáõÝ, brace [breis] v ³Ùñ³óÝ»É, Ý»óáõÏ ï³É. fir-
ßñç³Ý³Ï. μÉáÏ: mly ~d åÇݹ ³Ùñ³óí³Í. ~ up! àõÅ»ñ¹ ɳ-
box II [bɒks] n ѳñí³Í. Ùñ½. μéÝóù³Ù³ñï: ñÇñ. I ~d myself to tell the truth êñï³-
box III [bɒks] n ïáë³Ë. μëμ. (ݳ¨ª box- åݹí»óÇ, áñ ×ßÙ³ñïáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³ë»Ù:
wood) ßÇÙß³ï ͳé. a ~ hedge ßÇÙß³ï» bracelet [΄breislət] n ³å³ñ³Ýç³Ý. ËëÏó.
ó³Ýϳå³ï: ~s Ó»éݳßÕó:
box I [bɒks] v ³ñÏÕÇ/ïáõ÷Ç Ù»ç ¹Ý»É. ÷³- bracing [΄breisiŋ] 1. a ³Ùñ³óÝáÕ. (û¹Ç
Ï»É. (÷³ëï³ÃáõÕÃÁ) ¹³ï³ñ³Ý ѳÝÓÝ»É: Ù³ëÇÝ) ϳ½¹áõñÇã. 2. n ³Ùñ³óáõÙ:
box II [bɒks] v Ùñ½. μéÝóù³Ù³ñï»É. ~ smb’s bracket [΄brækit] n ÷³Ï³·ÇÍ. square ~
ears ³åï³Ï»É: ³ÝÏÛáõݳíáñ ÷³Ï³·ÇÍ, put in ~s ÷³Ï³-
boxcar [΄bɒkska:] n ³åñ³Ýù³ï³ñ í³·áÝ: ·Í»ñÇ Ù»ç ¹Ý»É. open/close the ~s ÷³-
boxer [΄bɒksə] n μéÝóù³Ù³ñïÇÏ: ϳ·Í»ñÁ μ³ó»É/÷³Ï»É. age ~ ï³ñÇù³ÛÇÝ
boxing [΄bɒksiŋ] n μéÝóù³Ù³ñï, μáùë. go ËáõÙμ:
bracket 113 branchia(e)

bracket [΄brækit] v ÷³Ï³·Í»ñÇ Ù»ç ¹Ý»É. brainy [΄breini] a ËëÏó. ˻ɳóÇ, ëñ³ÙÇï.
÷Ëμ. ѳí³ë³ñ»óÝ»É, ѳí³ë³ñ ѳٳ- ·ÉáõË áõÝ»óáÕ:
ñ»É. Don’t ~ me with him ÆÝÓ Ýñ³ Ñ»ï ÙÇ braise [breiz] v ß᷻˳߻É:
ѳí³ë³ñ»óñáõ/ÝáõÛݳóñáõ. ~ under one brake I [breik] n ³ñ·»É³Ï. foot/hand ~
heading ÙÇ í»ñݳ·ñÇ ï³Ï ÙdzóÝ»É: áïùÇ/ Ó»éùÇ ³ñ·»É³Ï. put on the ~
brackish [΄bræki∫] a ÙÇ ùÇã ³ÕÇ, ³Õ³Ñ³Ù ³ñ·»É³Ï»É. ~ action ³ñ·»É³ÏáõÙ. take off
(çáõñ): the hand ~ Ó»éùÇ ³ñ·»É³ÏáõÙÇó ѳݻÉ.
bradawl [΄brædɔ:l] n μǽ, Ñ»ñÛáõÝ: leave the car on the hand ~ Ó»éùÇ ³ñ·»É³ÏáõÙ
brag [bræg] n å³ñÍ»ÝÏáïáõÃÛáõÝ: û·ï³·áñÍ»É. ~ drum/lever/fluid/lining/ shoe
brag [bræg] v å³ñͻݳÉ, ·ÉáõË ·áí»É: ~ lights ³ñ·»É³ÏÙ³Ý ÉáõÛë»ñ. ~ pedal áïùÇ
braggart [΄brægət] n å³ñÍ»ÝÏáï Ù³ñ¹: ³ñ·»É³ÏÇ å»¹³É:
braggery [΄brægəri] n å³ñÍ»ÝÏáïáõÃÛáõÝ: brake II [breik] n óíáõï, Ã÷áõï, Ù³ó³-
brahmin [΄bra:min] n ÑݹÇÏ ùáõñÙ, μñ³Ñ- éáõï:
Ù³Ý: brake [breik] v ³ñ·»É³Ï»É:
braid [breid] v ÑÛáõë»É, ͳ٠ÑÛáõë»É. »ñǽ brake point [breik pɔint] ÑÙÏñ·. ëïáõ·-
ϳå»É: Ù³Ý/ÁݹѳïÙ³Ý Ï»ï£
braid [breid] n ÑÛáõë. ͳÙ. ųå³í»Ý. brakesman [΄breiksmən] n ³ñ·»É³ÏáÕ
»ñǽ³Ï: Ù»ù»Ý³í³ñ:
brain [brein] n áõÕ»Õ. blow out one’s ~s brake-van [΄breikvæn] n ³ñ·»É³Ï³ÛÇÝ í³-
áõÕ»ÕÁ óñÇí ï³É. ËÑñ. ~s ݳ¨ dish of ~s ·áÝ:
áõÕ»Õ (Ï»ñ³Ïáõñ). (Ë»Éù, μ³Ý³Ï³Ýáõ- braking [΄breikiŋ] n ³ñ·»É³ÏáõÙ. ~ distance
ÃÛáõÝ) have lots of ~s ß³ï Ë»Éáù ÉÇÝ»É. ³ñ·»É³ÏÙ³Ý ×³Ý³å³ñÑ/Ñ»é³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ:
rack/puzzle/beat one’s brain over the problem braky [΄breiki] a Ã÷áõïáí å³ï³Í:
·ÉáõËÁ Ïáïñ»É áñ¨¿ ËݹñÇ íñ³. the best ~s
bramble [΄bræmbl] n ÙáßÇ ÙÇ ï»ë³Ï:
in the country »ñÏñÇ ³Ù»Ý³Ë»É³óÇ Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ.
bran [bræn] n ѳó³Ñ³ïÇÏÇ Ã»÷:
use one’s ~ áõÕ»ÕÁ ß³ñÅ»É/Ùï³Í»É. get a
branch [bra:nt∫] n ×ÛáõÕ, áëï. broken/ dead/
dry ~ Ïáïñí³Í/ãáñ³ó³Í/ãáñ ×ÛáõÕ. The ~
thing on the ~ áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ Ù³ëÇÝ ß³ï Ëáñ-
gave way ÖÛáõÕÁ ã¹ÇÙ³ó³í/Ïáïñí»ó. (·Ç-
Ñ»É. ~ drain “áõÕ»ÕÝ»ñÇ ³ñï³Ñáëù”. turn
ïáõÃÛ³Ý/³ñí»ëïÇ μݳ·³í³é) a ~ of
one’s ~ ·ÉáõËÁ åïï»óÝ»É, ·ÉË³Ñ³Ý ³Ý»É.
learning/industry ·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý/³ñ¹Ûáõݳμ»-
to pick one’s ~s ËáñÑñ¹³Ïó»É Ù»ÏÇ Ñ»ï. ~
ñáõÃÛ³Ý ×ÛáõÕ. a ~ of a family ÁÝï³ÝÇùÇ
sciences ÝÛ³ñ¹³·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. have no ~s
×ÛáõÕ, ³½·³Ïó³Ï³Ý ·ÇÍ. ~ of mountain
áõÕ»Õ ãáõݻݳÉ. have smth on the ~ ÙÇ ÙÇïù
range É»éݳ×ÛáõÕ³íáñáõÙ. a ~ line »ñϳÃ-
ѳɳͻÉ/Ñ»ï³Ùáõï ÉÇÝ»É. ~ storming ·³-
·ÍÇ ×ÛáõÕ. ~ of a river (·»ïÇ) μ³½áõÏ, ³é-
Õ³÷³ñÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï³Ëáõ½áõÙ. ~ storming
í³Ï. (Ù³ëݳ×ÛáõÕ, μ³Å³ÝÙáõÝù) The com-
group ѳٳï»Õ Ùï³ÍáÕ. ~ washing “áõÕ»Õ-
pany has many ~es ÀÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ß³ï μ³-
Ý»ñÇ Éí³óáõÙ”, áõÕ»ÕÝ»ñÁ ÉóÝ»ÉÁ/³·Çï³- ųÝÙáõÝùÝ»ñ áõÝÇ. ~ bank μ³ÝÏÇ μ³Å³Ý-
ódz: ÙáõÝù legislative/executive an judicial ~es of
braindrain [΄breindrein] 1. n áõÕ»ÕÝ»ñÇ power Çß˳ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ûñ»Ýë¹Çñ, ·áñͳ¹Çñ
³ñï³Ñáëù. 2. v Ù³ëݳ·»ïÝ»ñÇÝ ³ñï³- ¨ ¹³ï³Ï³Ý ×ÛáõÕ»ñ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ and bounds
ë³ÑÙ³Ý ·ñ³í»ÉÁ: algorithm ×ÛáõÕ»ñÇ ¨ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ù»Ãá¹. ~
brainfever [΄brein‚fi:və] n áõÕ»ÕÇ μáñ- instruction ³ÝóÙ³Ý Ññ³Ñ³Ý·£
μáùáõÙ: branch [bra:nt∫] v ×ÛáõÕ³íáñí»É, ï³ñ³Í-
brainless [΄breinləs] a ³ÝË»Éù, ÑÇÙ³ñ: í»É. The road ~es here ֳݳå³ñÑÝ ³Ûëï»Õ
brain-sick [΄breinsik] a Ñá·»Ï³Ý ÑÇí³Ý¹, ×ÛáõÕ³íáñíáõÙ ¿. The firm has ~ed out in new
˻ɳ·³ñ: direction Ø»ñ ýÇñÙ³Ý Ýáñ ×ÛáõÕ»ñáí ¿
brain-storm [΄breinstɔ:m] n ËëÏó. Ñá·»- ½³ñ·³ó»É. He is ~ing out into philosophy ܳ
Ï³Ý óÝóáõÙ: Ñ»ï³ùñùñíáõÙ ¿ ÷ÇÉÇëá÷³ÛáõÃÛ³Ùμ:
brainwave [΄breinweiv] n ѳÝ׳ñ»Õ/÷³Û- branchia(e) [΄bræŋkii:] n pl ϻݹ.
ÉáõÝ ÙÇïù: ËéÇÏÝ»ñ:
branchy 114 breadth

branchy [΄bra:nt∫i] a ×Ûáõճ߳ï, μ³½Ù³- bravo [bra:΄vəu] int μé³íá°, Ï»óó»°:


×ÛáõÕ, ×ÛáõÕ³íáñí³Í: brawl [brɔ:l] n ³ÕÙϳÉÇ í»×, ÏéÇí. (·»ï³-
brand [brænd] n ï»ë³Ï, áñ³Ï. ³åñ³Ýù³- ÏÇ) ϳñϳãÛáõÝ/ËáËáçÛáõÝ:
ÝÇß, Ù³ÏÝÇß. of the best ~ μ³ñÓñáñ³Ï. a brawl [brɔ:l] v ³ÕÙϳÉÇ íÇ×»É, Ïéí»É. ϳñ-
good ~ of tea ɳí áñ³Ï(Ç) ûÛ. ~ name Ù³Ï- ϳã»É, ËáËáç³É:
ÝÇß. (³Ý³ëáõÝÇ) ˳ñ³Ý, ¹ñáßÙ: brawler [΄brɔ:lə] n Ïéí³ë»ñ/·áé·áé³óáÕ
brand [brænd] v ¹ñáßÙ»É, ˳ñ³Ý»É. ~ed ïÕ³Ù³ñ¹:
goods ï»ë³Ï³íáñí³Í ³åñ³Ýù. be ~ed as a brawn [brɔ:n] n ÙϳÝÝ»ñ, ÙϳݳÛÇÝ áõÅ.
liar áñå»ë ëï³Ëáë áñ³Ïí»É. ÷Ëμ. It is ~ed ³ÕÁ ¹ñ³Í Ëá½Ç ÙÇë:
in my memory îå³íáñí»É ¿ ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛ³Ýë brawny [΄brɔ:ni] a áõÅ»Õ, ÙϳÝáõï:
Ù»ç: bray [brei] n (¿ßÇ) ½éáó. ³Ý³ËáñÅ/ëáõñ
brandish [΄brændi∫] v ó÷³Ñ³ñ»É. (½»Ýù) Ó³ÛÝ:
×á×»É, ëå³éݳÉ: bray [brei] v ½é³É, ³Ý³ËáñÅ Ó³ÛÝ ³ñÓ³-
brand-new [‚brænd΄nju:] a μáÉáñáíÇÝ Ýáñ. Ï»É:
~ suit Ýáñ ϳñ³Í ÏëïÛáõÙ: braze [breiz] v ½á¹»É. åݹ³óÝ»É:
brandy [΄brændi] n ÏáÝÛ³Ï, μñ»Ý¹Ç. cherry ~ brazen [΄breizn] a ³Ý³·», åÕÝÓ». ÷Ëμ.
μ³ÉÇ ÃñÙûÕÇ: ÉåÇñß, ³Ý³ÙáÃ. ~ faced ³Ý³ÙáÃ, ÉÏïÇ. He
brash [bræ∫] n ѳݹáõ·Ý, ³Ýå³ïϳé, ~-faced it out (íÇ׳ÏÇó) ¸áõñë åñͳí
ÉåÇñß: ßÝáñÑÇí Çñ ³Ý³ÙáÃáõÃÛ³Ý:
brashness [΄bræ∫nəs] n ÷ËñáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ, brazier [΄breiziə] n Ïñ³Ï³ñ³Ý, Ù³ÝÕ³É.
¹Ûáõñ³μ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝ: åÕÝÓ³·áñÍ:
brass [bra:s] 1. n ³ñáõÛñ, ¹»ÕÇÝ åÕÇÝÓ. breach [bri:t∫] n ×»Õùí³Íù, å³ïéí³Íù,
»ñÅß. ~es ÷áÕ³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍÇùÝ»ñ. ËëÏó. ÷áÕ, ³Ýóù: fill/ step into the ~ ×»Õùí³ÍùÁ ÷³Ï»É.
¹ñ³Ù I don’t care a ~ farthing Îáå»Ï ã³ñÅ», ÷Ëμ. ˳ËïáõÙ, ˽áõÙ a ~ of promise/con-
ÇÝÓ Ñ³Ù³ñ ÙǨÝáõÛÝ ¿. ËëÏó. tract/duty ËáëïÙ³Ý/å³Ûٳݳ·ñÇ/å³ñï³-
(ѳݹ·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ÉåÇñßáõÃÛáõÝ) He has got ϳÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ë³ËïáõÙ. ~ of faith ¹³í³×³-
some ~ ´³í³Ï³Ý ÉåÇñß ¿. the top ~ “ٻ͔ ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
ջϳí³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. 2. a ³ñáõÛñ», åÕÝÓ» ~ breach [bri:t∫] v ×»Õù»É, å³ïé»É:
plate ¹é³Ý íñ³ÛÇ óáõó³Ý³Ï. get down to ~ bread [bred] n ѳó. rye/black/brown ~ ï³ñ»-
tacks ·áñÍÇ ³ÝóÝ»É. pert ~ rags with smb ϳÝÇ/ë¨ Ñ³ó. daily ~ ѳó ѳݳ峽ûñÛ³,
μ³ñ»Ï³Ù³Ï³Ý ϳå»ñÁ ˽»É: ³Ù»ÝûñÛ³ ѳó. ~ and butter ϳñ³·áí ѳó,
brass band [‚bra:s΄bænd] n ÷áÕ³ÛÇÝ Ýí³- μáõï»ñμñá¹. piece/slice of ~ ѳóÇ Ïïáñ.
·³ËáõÙμ: earn one’s ~ ѳóÁ í³ëï³Ï»É. ~ and cheese
brassy [΄bra:si] a ³ñáõÛñ», åÕÝÓ». Ù»- ³Õù³ïÇÏ ëÝáõݹ. have one’s ~ buttered on
ï³ÕÛ(Ó³ÛÝ). ³Ý³ÙáÃ, ³Ýå³ïϳé: both sides ÝÛáõóå»ë ³å³Ñáíí³Í ÉÇÝ»É.
brat [bræt] n ³ñÑÙ. ɳÏáï (»ñ»Ë³ÛÇ Ù³- know which side one’s ~ is buttered Çñ ß³ÑÁ
ëÇÝ)£ ɳí ÇٳݳÉ:
bravado [brə΄va:dəu] n ÑáËáñï³Ýù, óáõ- bread-and-butter [‚bredn΄bΛtə] a »ñ»Ë³-
ó³¹ñ³Ï³Ý Ëǽ³ËáõÃÛáõÝ: ۳ϳÝ, å³ï³Ý»Ï³Ý. ~ miss ¹åñáó³Ï³Ý
brave [breiv] a ù³ç, Ëǽ³Ë. be ~ enough ѳë³ÏÇ ³ÕçÇÏ:
ù³çáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ. become/get ~ ù³ç/ËÇ- breadbin [΄bredbin] n ѳóÇ ³Ù³Ý:
½³Ë ¹³éݳÉ: breadboard [΄bred‚bɔ:d] n ѳó (Ïïñ»Éáõ)
brave [breiv] v Ëǽ³Ë»É, íï³Ý·Ý ³ñѳ- ï³Ëï³Ï:
Ù³ñÑ»É. ~ death/danger Ù³ÑÁ/íï³Ý·Á ³ñ- breadcrumb [΄bredkrΛm] n ѳóÇ
ѳٳñÑ»É. ~ the press ¹ÇÙ³Ý³É Ù³ÙáõÉÇ ÷ßñ³Ýù. ËÑñ. Ù³Ýñ³óñ³Í å³ùëÇÙ³ï:
ѳñÓ³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇÝ. ~ it out Çñ»Ý ѳݹáõ·Ý breadknife [΄brednaif] n ѳóÇ ¹³Ý³Ï:
å³Ñ»É: bread-stuffs [΄bredstΛfs] n pl ѳó³Ñ³ïÇÏ,
bravery [΄breivəri] n ù³çáõÃÛáõÝ, Ëǽ³Ëáõ- ³ÉÛáõñ. ѳó»Õ»Ý:
ÃÛáõÝ, ³ñÇáõÃÛáõÝ: breadth [bredθ] n ɳÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ. The bridge is
breadthwise 115 breakthrough

five metres in ~ γÙñçÇ É³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÑÇÝ· Ù³ëÇÝ). ÷Ëμ. ~ resistance ¹ÇÙ³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ


Ù»ïñ ¿. to a hair’s ~ ÇëÏ ¨ ÇëÏ. ÷Ëμ. ~ of Ïáïñ»É. ~ forth the war/epidemic broke å³-
mind ѳ۳óùÝ»ñÇ É³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ: ï»ñ³½ÙÁ/ѳٳ׳ñ³ÏÁ å³Ûûó. ~ off ¹³-
breadthwise [΄bredθwaiz] adv ɳÛÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ: ¹³ñ»óÝ»É, ˽»É. He’s broken off with them
breadwinner [΄bred‚winə] n ѳó í³ëï³- гñ³μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ˽»É ¿ Ýñ³Ýó Ñ»ï ~
ÏáÕ, ³åñáõëï ïíáÕ, Ï»ñ³ÏñáÕ. the ~ of the out μéÝÏí»É. A fire broke out Ðñ¹»Ñ μéÝÏí»ó.
family ÁÝï³ÝÇùÇ Ñ³ó í³ëï³ÏáÕÁ: ~ up óñí»É. ÷Éáõ½í»É, ù³Ûù³Ûí»É. Soon the
break [breik] n ×»Õù, ×»Õùí³Íù. å³é³Ï- crowd broke up Þáõïáí ³ÙμáËÁ óñí»ó. The
ïáõÙ. μÅßÏ. Ïáïñí³Íù. a ~ in a pipe ×»Õù school broke up ¸åñáóÁ ÷³Ïí»ó (³ñÓ³-
ËáÕáí³ÏáõÙ. a ~ in a wall ×»Õùí³Íù å³ïÇ Ïáõñ¹Ý»ñÇÝ). ~ the news ÉáõñÁ ѳÕáñ¹»É.
Ù»ç. a ~ in diplomatic relations ¹Çí³Ý³·Ç- The boy’s voice is ~ing îÕ³ÛÇ Ó³ÛÝÁ μ»Ï-
ï³Ï³Ý ѳñ³μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ë½áõÙ. a ~ in íáõÙ/÷áËíáõÙ ¿. ~ away ³Ýç³ïí»É, Ñ»é³-
the weather »Õ³Ý³ÏÇ Ñ³ÝϳñͳÏÇ ÷á÷á- ݳÉ. He broke away from his family ܳ Ñ»é³-
ËáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ in the clouds μ³óí³Íù ³Ùå»- ó³í Çñ ÁÝï³ÝÇùÇó. ~ through ×»Õù»É-³Ýó-
ñáõÙ. by the ~ of day Éáõë³μ³óÇÝ. (ÁݹÙÇ- Ý»É The enemy broke through the defence
çáõÙ, ¹³¹³ñ) a ~ of ten minutes ï³ëÁ ñáå» ÂßݳÙÇÝ ×»Õù»ó å³ßïå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ. The
ÁݹÙÇçáõÙ. a ~ in the conversation Ëáë³Ïóáõ- sun broke through ²ñ¨Á »ñ¨³ó ³Ùå»ñÇ
ÃÛ³Ý ¹³¹³ñ. have/take a ~ ÁݹÙÇçáõÙ ³Ý»É. Ñ»ï¨Çó. ~ with ˽»É (ѳñ³μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»-
without a ~ ³Ý¹³¹³ñ, ³é³Ýó ÁݹÙÇçÙ³Ý. ñÁ):
coffee ~ ëáõñ×Ç ÁݹÙÇçáõÙ. have a lucky ~ breakable [΄breikəbl] a ÷ËñáõÝ, ¹Ûáõñ³μ»Ï£
μ³ËïÁ μ»ñ»É. make a ~ for it ÷³ËáõëïÇ breakage [΄breikidз] n íݳëí³Íù, íóñ.
¹ÇÙ»É, ³ñ³· ÷³Ëã»É. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ point pay for ~ í׳ñ»É íݳëí³ÍùÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ£
ëïáõ·Ù³Ý/ÁݹѳïÙ³Ý Ï»ï. ~ key ջϳ- break-down [΄breikdaun] n íݳëí³Íù,
í³ñáÕ ëï»ÕÝ: íóñ. ù³Ûù³ÛáõÙ, ³ÝÏáõÙ. a (nervous)~
break [breik] v Ïáïñ»É, ç³ñ¹»É, ù³Ý¹»É. ~ ÝÛ³ñ¹³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç ù³Ûù³ÛáõÙ. ~ serv-
the door ¹áõéÁ ç³ñ¹»É. ~ a pencil Ù³ïÇïÁ ice íóñ³ÛÇÝ Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ. (³Ý³Éǽ) a ~
Ïáïñ»É. ~ a wall å³ïÁ ù³Ý¹»É. ~ smb’s will of expenses ͳËë»ñÇ ³Ý³Éǽ/í»ñÉáõ-
ϳÙùÁ Ïáïñ»É. ÷Ëμ. His voice broke Ò³ÛÝÁ ÍáõÃÛáõÝ:
»ñ»ñ³ó. My heart is ~ing êÇñïë Ïïáñ-Ïïáñ breaker I [΄breikə] n ˳ËïáÕ (ûñ»ÝùÇ ¨
¿ ÉÇÝáõÙ. (˳Ëï»É) ~ the law/rule ûñ»Ý- ³ÛÉÝ). Íáí³÷ÝÛ³ ÏáѳÏ. ï»Ë. Ù³ÝñáÕ/
ùÁ/ϳÝáÝÁ ˳Ëï»É. ~ one’s oath/silence ç³ñ¹áÕ Ù»ù»Ý³. ¿É. ³Ýç³ïÇã:
ËáëïáõÙÁ/ÉéáõÃÛáõÝÁ ˳Ëï»É. ~ a marriage breaker II [΄breikə] n ÷áùñÇÏ ï³Ï³é, ï³-
³ÙáõëݳÉáõÍ»É. ~ the speed limit ³ñ³- ϳéÇÏ:
·áõÃÛ³Ý ã³÷Ý ³ÝóÝ»É. (ëÏë»É) The day breakfast [΄brekfəst] n ݳ˳׳ß. have/take
broke гë³í ³ÛÝ ûñÁ. The storm broke ~ ݳ˳׳߻É, Ý³Ë³×³ß ³Ý»É.
öáÃáñÇÏÁ å³Ûûó. (Áݹѳï»É) ~ the breakfast [΄brekfəst] v ݳ˳׳߻É:
trip/journey ׳Ù÷áñ¹áõÃÛáõÝÁ Áݹѳï»É. breaking [΄breikiŋ] n Ïáïñ³Ýù, ÏáïñáõÙ.
The connection is broken ϳåÁ ³Ýç³ïí»É Çñ³í. ~ offence Ïáïñ³Ýùáí ѳÝó³·áñÍáõ-
¿/Áݹѳïí»É ¿. ~ a strike ·áñͳ¹áõÉÁ ˳- ÃÛáõÝ. house ~ Ïáïñ³Ýùáí ·áÕáõÃÛáõÝ:
÷³Ý»É (Ý»ñËáõÅ»É) ~ into a house/room breaking-point [΄breikiŋpɔint] n ù³Ûù³Û-
ïáõÝ/ë»ÝÛ³Ï Ý»ñËáõÅ»É. ~ into a laughter/ Ù³Ý/ù³Ý¹Ù³Ý Ï»ï. reach ~ ѳÙμ»ñáõ-
tears ÍÇͳÕáí/ɳóáí åáéÃϳÉ. ~ into a run ÃÛáõÝÁ ѳïÝ»É:
ëÏë»É í³½»É. ~ into blossom ͳÕÏ»É. ~ loose break-neck [΄breiknek] a íï³Ý·³íáñ. at ~
³½³ïí»É. ~ open a safe/drawer Ïáïñ»Éáí pace/speed ·É˳åïáõÛï ³ñ³·áõÃÛ³Ùμ:
μ³ó»É ë»ÛýÁ/·½ñáóÁ. ~ing and entering Ïáï- breakstone [΄breikstəun] n Ë׳ù³ñ:
ñ³Ýùáí ·áÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ one’s health ³éáÕ- breakthrough [΄breikθru:] n ×»Õùí³Íù,
çáõÃÛáõÝÁ ù³Ûù³Û»É. ~ a record é»Ïáñ¹ ë³Ñ- ×»Õù»ÉÁ. make an important ~ in the research
ٳݻÉ/Ë÷»É. ~ down ù³Ûù³Ûí»É, ÃáõÉ³Ý³É Ñ»ï³½áïÙ³Ý Ù»ç Ù»Í ³é³ç˳ճóáõÙ
/³éáÕçáõÃÛáõÝÁ/. ç³ñ¹(í)»É (Ù»ù»Ý³Ý»ñÇ Ï³ï³ñ»É:
breakwater 116 bric-a-brac

breakwater [΄breik‚wɔ:tə] n çñ³ñ·»É³Ï, ~ Ñ»ÍÛ³ÉÇ ³Ý¹ñ³í³ñïÇù.


å³ïÝ»ß: breed [bri:d] n ó»Õ, ï»ë³Ï. ë»ñáõݹ. ͳ-
breast [brest] n ÏáõñÍù. give the child a ~ »ñ»- ·áõÙ. What ~ of dog is that? ƱÝã ͳ·áõÙ áõÝÇ
˳ÛÇÝ ÏáõñÍù ï³É. make a clean ~ of ³Ý- ³Ûë ßáõÝÁ. the same ~ ÝáõÛÝ ï»ë³ÏÇ:
Ï»ÕÍáñ»Ý Ëáëïáí³Ý»É: breed [bri:d] v ³×»óÝ»É, μáõÍ»É, μ³½-
breastfeed [΄brestfi:d] v ÏñÍùáí Ï»ñ³Ïñ»É. Ù³óÝ»É. ~ cattle ³Ý³ëáõÝ μáõÍ»É. a town bred
~ a baby »ñ»Ë³ÛÇÝ ÏñÍùáí Ï»ñ³Ïñ»É. a boy ù³Õ³ùáõ٠ٻͳó³Í ïÕ³, ù³Õ³ùÇ
breastfed baby ÏñÍùÇ »ñ»Ë³: ïÕ³. ÷Ëμ. Dirt ~s disease ´áÉáñ ÑÇí³Ý¹áõ-
breast pocket [΄brest‚pɒkit] n Íáó³- ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ å³ï׳éÁ ³ÕïáïáõÃÛáõÝÝ ¿.
·ñå³Ý: bred in the bone μݳÍÇÝ. ~ in and in ³½·³-
breast stroke [΄breststrəuk] n Ùñ½. ÉáÕ, ϳÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï ³ÙáõëݳݳÉ:
·áñïݳÉáÕ, μñ³ë: breeder [΄bri:də] n ·Õï. ë»É»ÏóÇáÝ»ñ: cat-
breath [breθ] n ßáõÝã. catch/hold one’s ~ ßáõÝ- tle ~ ³Ý³ëݳμáõÛÍ:
ãÁ å³Ñ»É. with bated ~ ßáõÝãÁ å³Ñ³Í. be out breeding [΄bri:diŋ] n μáõÍáõÙ, μ³½Ù³óáõÙ.
of/short of ~ ßÝã³Ïïáõñ ÉÇÝ»É. draw ~ ßÝã»É, (Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó Ù³ëÇÝ) ¹³ëïdzñ³Ïí³Íáõ-
ßáõÝã ù³ß»É. take/draw a deep ~ Ëáñ/ûè³- ÃÛáõÝ, μ³ñ»ÏñÃáõÃÛáõÝ. good ~ μ³ñ»ÏñÃáõ-
ó³Í ßáõÝã ù³ß»É. draw one’s last ~ ßáõÝãÁ ÃÛáõÝ. ill bred í³ï ¹³ëïdzñ³Ïí³Í. ·Õï.
÷ã»É, Ù»éÝ»É. recover/get one’s ~ ßáõÝãÁ ï»ÕÁ ~ season ϻݹ³ÝÇÝ»ñÇ ½áõ·³íáñÙ³Ý Å³-
μ»ñ»É. all in a/one/in the same ~ ÙÇ ßÝãáí. ٳݳÏ:
under one’s ~ ßßáõÏáí. bad ~ í³ï Ñáï μ»ñ³- breeze [bri:z] n ûè ù³ÙÇ, ½»÷Ûáõé. a sea ~
ÝÇó. in the very next ~ ÝáõÛÝ í³ÛñÏÛ³ÝÇÝ. a ~ μñǽ:
of fresh air ÙÇ ßáõÝã óñÙ û¹. take one’s ~ breeze [bri:z] v ÷ã»É. ~ in Ý»ñë í³½»É/ÁÝÏ-
away ßáõÝãÁ μéÝí»É/Ïïñí»É. ÷Ëμ. (½³ñ- Ý»É. He ~d in for ten minutes î³ëÁ ñáå»áí
Ù³óÝ»É, ³åß»óÝ»É). waste one’s ~ ËáëùÁ/ ³Ýó³í Ù»½ Ùáï£
μ³é»ñÁ ù³ÙáõÝ ï³É, ǽáõñ Ëáë»É: breezy [΄bri:zi] a ½áí, óñÙ. (Ù³ñ¹áõ Ù³-
breathe [bri:ð] v ßÝã»É, ßáõÝã ù³ß»É. ~ fresh ëÇÝ) áõñ³Ë, ³ßËáõÛÅ£
air óñÙ û¹ ßÝã»É. ~ freely ³½³ï ßáõÝã ù³- brethren [΄breðrən] n pl (·³Õ³÷³ñ³ÏÇó)
ß»É. ~ one’s last í»ñçÇÝ ßáõÝãÁ ÷ã»É, Ù»éÝ»É. »Õμ³ÛñÝ»ñ. »Ï»Õ. Ùdzμ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
~ a sigh of relief ûè³ó³Í ßáõÝã ù³ß»É. ~ breviary [΄bri:viəri] n Ïñ׳ïáõÙ, ѳٳéá-
in/out Ý»ñßÝã»É/³ñï³ßÝã»É. not to ~ a word ïáõÙ:
áã ÙÇ Ëáëù ã³ë»É, Ó³ÛÝ ãѳݻÉ. We can ~ brevity [΄brevəti] n ѳÏÇñ×áõÃÛáõÝ, ѳٳ-
again γñ»ÉÇ ¿ ³½³ï ßÝã»É. ~ a new life into éáïáõÃÛáõÝ. ë»ÕÙáõÃÛáõÝ. for ~ ë»ÕÙ/ѳ-
Ýáñ ÏÛ³Ýù ï³É. ~ upon ³ñ³ï³íáñ»É, ÏÇñ× ÉÇÝ»Éáõ ѳٳñ:
½ñå³ñï»É: brew [bru:] v ÃñÙ»É. »÷»É. ~ beer ·³ñ»çáõñ
breather [΄bri:ðə] n ϳñ×³ï¨ ¹³¹³ñ. have »÷»É. ~ tea ûÛÇ ÃáõñÙ å³ïñ³ëï»É. ÷Ëμ.
a ~ ÙÇ ÷áùñ ѳݷëï³Ý³É: Íñ³·ñ»É, ë³ñù»É ~ some mischief ·ÉËÇÝ
breathing [΄bri:ðiŋ] n ßÝã³éáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ Ë³Õ Ë³Õ³É, ûÛÇÝ ë³ñù»É. (ѳëáõݳݳÉ)
space/spell ûè ѳݷÇëï, ϳñ×³ï¨ ¹³- Storm is ~ing ²Ùåñáå ¿ ѳëáõݳÝáõÙ:
¹³ñ: brewer [΄bru:ə] n ·³ñ»çñ³·áñÍ:
breathless [΄breθləs] a ³ÝßáõÝã, ³ÝßÝã³- brewery [΄bru:əri] n ·³ñ»çñ³·áñͳñ³Ý:
ó³Í, ³Ýϻݹ³Ý. ßáõÝãÁ Ïïñ³Í, ßÝã³- bribe [braib] n ϳ߳éù:
ëå³é. ÷Ëμ. μáõéÝ, ßáõÝãÁ ÏïñáÕ, ½·³ó- bribe [braib] v ϳ߳é»É, ϳ߳éù ï³É:
ÙáõÝù³ÛÇÝ: ÷Ëμ. a ~ hush/calm Ù»éÛ³É briber [΄braibə] n ϳ߳éù ïíáÕ£
ÉéáõÃÛáõÝ/ѳݹ³ñïáõÃÛáõÝ: bribery [΄braibəri] n ϳ߳é³Ï»ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
breathtaking [΄breθ‚teikiŋ] a óÝóáÕ, Çñ³í. passive ~ ϳ߳éù ëï³Ý³ÉÁ/í»ñó-
Ñáõ½Çã. with ~ speed ·É˳åïáõÛï ³ñ³·áõ- Ý»ÉÁ:
ÃÛ³Ùμ. ~ view óÝóáÕ ï»ë³ñ³Ý: bribetaker [΄braib‚teikə] n ϳ߳é³Ï»ñ:
breeches [΄bri:t∫iz] n pl ½ÇÝíáñ³Ï³- bric-a-brac [΄brikəbræk] n ÑÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ.
ÝÇ/Ñ»ÍÛ³ÉÇ ³Ý¹ñ³í³ñïÇù, μñÇçÝ»ñ. riding ѳ½í³·Ûáõï Çñ»ñ:
brick 117 brilliance

brick [brik] n ³ÕÛáõë. ~s (˳ճÉÇù) Ëáñ³- brief [bri:f] a ϳñ×, ѳٳéáï, ë»ÕÙ. in ~
ݳñ¹ÇÏÝ»ñ. ice-cream ~ å³Õå³Õ³ÏÇ ë³- ѳÏÇñ× Ï»ñåáí, ϳñ× ³ë³Í. for a ~ mo-
ÉÇÏ. gold ~ ˳μ»μ³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ. sell a gold ~ ment ÙÇ ³ÏÝóñÃ. as ~ as possible áñù³Ý
˳μ»É. drop a ~ ë˳Éí»É, íñÇå»É. You are a Ñݳñ³íáñ ¿ ѳٳéáï:
~ ²åñ»°ë, ɳí ïÕ³ »ë: brief [bri:f] v ³Ù÷á÷»É, ë»ÕÙ ß³ñ³¹ñ»É.
brick [brik] a ³ÕÛáõë». run one’s head against Çñ³í. ·áñÍÁ ¹³ï³å³ßïå³ÝÇÝ Ñ³ÝÓÝ»É.
a ~ wall ·ÉáõËÁ ù³ñ» å³ïáí ï³É, ³ÝÑݳ- ~ a case Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É ·áñÍÇ Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ»-
ñÇÝ μ³ÝÇ Ó·ï»É: ñÁ. (Ññ³Ñ³Ý·»É) He ~ed me on this ²Ûë ϳ-
brick [brik] v ³ÕÛáõë ß³ñ»É, ³ÕÛáõëáí »ñ»ë- å³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ùμ ݳ ÇÝÓ Ï³ñ× Ññ³Ñ³Ý·Ý»ñ
å³ï»É£ ïí»ó:
brick-field [΄brikfi:ld] n ³ÕÛáõëÇ ·áñ- brief-case [΄bri:fkeis] n Ó»éùÇ ×³ÙåñáõÏ,
ͳñ³Ý: ÃÕóå³Ý³Ï£
bricklayer [΄brik‚leiə] n áñÙݳ¹Çñ: briefing [΄bri:fiŋ] n Ññ³Ñ³Ý·áõÙ, ×»å³-
brickwork [΄brikwə:k] n ³ÕÛáõëÇ ß³ñ- ½ñáõÛó. background ~ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ³Ù÷á-
í³Íù. ~s ³ÕÛáõëÇ ·áñͳñ³Ý: ÷áõÙ:
bridal [΄braidl] a ѳñë³Ý»Ï³Ý, ѳñë³- briefly [΄bri:fli] adv ѳÏÇñ×, ѳٳéáï³ÏÇ:
ÝÇùÇ£ briefness [΄bri:fnəs] n ë»ÕÙáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳÏÇñ-
bride [braid] n ѳñë, ѳñëݳóáõ, Ýáñ³- ×áõÃÛáõÝ, ѳٳéáïáõÃÛáõÝ:
ѳñë: brier [΄braiə] n μëμ. Ù³ëñ»ÝÇ, ѳí³Ùñ·Ç.
bridecake [΄braidkeik] n ѳñë³Ý»Ï³Ý Í˳Ùáñ× (å³ïñ³ëïí³Í ѳí³Ùñ·áõ ³ñ-
ϳñϳݹ³Ï: Ù³ïÇó):
bridegroom [΄braidgru:m] n ÷»ë³, ÷»ë³- brig [brig] n Íáí. μñÇ·, »ñÏϳÛÙ ³é³·³ë-
óáõ, Ýáñ³÷»ë³: ï³Ý³í:
bridesmaid [΄braidzmeid] n ѳñëݳùáõÛñ: brigade [bri΄geid] n μñÇ·³¹, ËáõÙμ, çá-
bridesman [΄braidzmən] n ˳ã»Õμ³Ûñ: ϳï. fire ~ Ññß»ç ËáõÙμ:
bridge [bridз] n ϳÙáõñç. ³ñÑ»ëï³Ï³Ý ³- brigadier [‚brigə΄diə] n μñÇ·³¹Çñ. é½Ù.
ï³ÙÝ»ñÇ Ï³Ùñç³Ï. flying ~ ß³ñÅ³Ï³Ý Ï³- μñÇ·³¹Ç ·»Ý»ñ³É/Ññ³Ù³Ý³ï³ñ (Ø´,
Ùáõñç. ɳëï³Ý³í. a ~ over the Thames ϳ- ²ØÜ):
Ùáõñç »ٽ³ÛÇ íñ³Ûáí. ~ of the nose ùóñ- brigand [΄brigənd] n ³í³½³Ï, »Éáõ½³Ï,
Ù³ï. Íáí. ~ of the captain ݳí³å»ïÇ Ï³ÙÁñ- μ³Ý¹Çï:
ç³Ï. ~ of boats ݳí³Ï³Ùñç³Ï. ÃÕÃË. μñÇç: brigandage [΄brigəndidз] n ³í³½³Ïáõ-
bridge [bridз] v ϳÙáõñç, ·ó»É. ϳÙñçáí ÃÛáõÝ, μ³Ý¹ÇïǽÙ:
ÙdzóÝ»É. ÷Ëμ. ~ a gap μ³óÁ Éñ³óÝ»É. bright [brait] a å³Ûͳé, í³é. ~ colours í³é
×»Õùí³ÍùÁ ÷³Ï»É. ÷Ëμ. ~ over difficulties ·áõÛÝ»ñ. ~ red í³é ϳñÙÇñ. (å³ñ½, Éáõë³-
¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ѳÕóѳñ»É£ íáñ) ~ sky/day/room å³ñ½ »ñÏÇÝù/ûñ. Éáõ-
bridle [΄braidl] n ë³ÝÓ, »ñ³ë³Ý. put a ~ on ë³íáñ ë»ÝÛ³Ï. (÷³ÛÉáÕ, ÷³ÛÉáõÝ) ~ steel/
a horse ÓÇáõÝ ë³ÝÓ ¹Ý»É. give a horse a ~ eyes ÷³ÛÉáÕ åáÕå³ï, ÷³ÛÉáõÝ ³ãù»ñ.
ë³ÝÓÁ ÃáõɳóÝ»É, ³½³ïáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É£ (˻ɳóÇ, ÁݹáõݳÏ) ~ pupil/plan/idea Ë»-
bridle [΄braidl] v ë³ÝÓ»É. ÷Ëμ. ë³Ýӳѳ- ɳóÇ ³ß³Ï»ñï. ÷³ÛÉáõÝ Íñ³·Çñ/·³Õ³-
ñ»É, ½ëå»É: ÷³ñ. (÷³ÛÉáõÝ, å³Ûͳé) ~ future ÷³ÛÉáõÝ
brief [bri:f] n ѳٳéáï³·Çñ, ³Ù÷á÷³·Çñ, ³å³·³. ~ side of things »ñ¨áõÛÃÝ»ñÇ/ ÏÛ³Ý-
³Ù÷á÷áõÙ. Çñ³í. ¹³ï³Ï³Ý ·áñÍ. take a ùÇ ¹ñ³Ï³Ý ÏáÕÙ»ñÁ. ~ and cheerful ³ßËáõÛÅ
~ ·áñÍÝ ÁݹáõÝ»É (¹³ï³ñ³ÝáõÙ). hold ~ ¨ ½í³ñÃ:
¹³ï³Ï³Ý ·áñÍ í³ñ»É. have plenty of ~s brighten [΄braitn] v Éáõë³íáñ»É, å³Ûͳ-
Ù»Í åñ³ÏïÇϳ áõÝ»Ý³É (¹³ï³Ï³Ý). é»óÝ»É. ϻݹ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ëï³Ý³É, ³ßËáõ-
÷Ëμ. I hold no ~ for him ºë Ýñ³Ý ã»Ù å³ßï- ųݳÉ. The sky ~ed ºñÏÇÝùÁ å³ñ½í»ó. The
å³ÝáõÙ. é½Ù. Ññ³Ñ³Ý· go beyond one’s ~s flowers ~ed the room ̳ÕÇÏÝ»ñÁ ë»ÝÛ³ÏÇÝ
Édz½áñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ·»ñ³½³Ýó»É/˳Ëï»É. ϻݹ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ïí»óÇÝ. ~ up ³ßËáõųݳÉ:
~s ÏÇë³í³ñïÇù: brilliance [΄briljəns] n ÷³ÛÉ, ßáõù. (·áõÛÝÇ)
brilliant 118 broach

å³ÛͳéáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ of mind ÙïùÇ å³Ûͳ- áõÅÇ Ù»ç ÙïóÝ»É. Ùá¹³ÛÇÏ ¹³ñÓÝ»É. ~ off
éáõÃÛáõÝ£ ³½³ï»É. ѳçáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ëÝ»É. ~ off the
brilliant [΄briljənt] a ÷³ÛÉáõÝ (ݳ¨ª ÷Ëμ.). deal ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý ·³É. ~ on ³é³ç μ»-
ßáÕßáÕáõÝ. (·áѳñ, ßáÕ³ÏÝ) ~ idea/success/ ñ»É, ѳñáõó»É. ~ out ¹áõñë μ»ñ»É, ï³Ý»É.
victory ÷³ÛÉáõÝ ·³Õ³÷³ñ/ѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ/ ѳÛïݳμ»ñ»É. ~ out a new model Ýáñ Ùá¹»É
ѳÕóݳÏ. (ϳñϳéáõÝ) be ~ ÷³ÛÉáõÝ Ñ³Ûïݳμ»ñ»É. ~ round μÅßÏ. áõßùÇ μ»ñ»É.
ÙïùÇ ï»ñ Ù³ñ¹ ÉÇݻɣ B~ them round to see us Ø»½ Ùáï μ»ñ»ù
brilliantly [΄briljəntli] adv ÷³ÛÉáõÝ. pass the Ýñ³Ýó. ~ to μ»ñ»É ѳëóÝ»É. μÅßÏ. áõßùÇ
exam ~ ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÷³ÛÉáõÝ Ñ³ÝÓÝ»É: μ»ñ»É. That will ~ to 5 dollar. ¸³ ϳÝÇ 5 ¹áÉ.
brim [brim] n »½ñ, åéáõÝÏ. (·É˳ñÏÇ μá- ~ together Ç ÙÇ μ»ñ»É, ÙdzóÝ»É. They were
Éáñù)£ brought together by fate ֳϳﳷÇñÁ
brim [brim] v ÙÇÝ㨠»½ñÁ ÉóÝ»É. ~ over »½ñ»- Ýñ³Ýó Ùdzóñ»ó. ~ up ٻͳóÝ»É, ¹³ë-
ñÇó ó÷í»É. ~ ing over with health »ñ»ëÇó ïdzñ³Ï»É, ÏñûÉ. He was brought up by his
³éáÕçáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³Ã»É: aunt Üñ³Ý ٻͳóñ»É ¿ Çñ Ùáñ³ùáõÛñÁ. ~ up
brimful [‚brim΄ful] a ÙÇÝ㨠»½ñ»ñÁ reserve å³Ñ»ëï³ÛÇÝ ½áñù»ñÁ Ùáï μ»-
(åéÝÏ»åéáõÝÏ) ÉÇùÁ: ñ»É/Ùáï»óÝ»É. ~ up a question ѳñó μ³ñÓ-
brimless [΄brimləs] a ³Ý»½ñ (·É˳ñÏ): ñ³óÝ»É. ~ to an end ³í³ñï»É. ~ to light í»ñ
brindled [΄brindld] a ˳Ûï³μÕ»ï, ß»ñï³- ѳݻÉ, Éáõë³μ³Ý»É. ~ up the rear »ñÃÁ
íáñ: í»ñç³÷³Ï»É. ~ to mind Ùï³μ»ñ»É, ÑÇß»É.
brine [brain] n ³ÕÇ çáõñ, ³Õ³çáõñ, ³ÕÇ ÑÙÏñ·. ~ to front ³é³ç μ»ñ»É, μ»ñ»É ¹ÇÙ³ó.
ÉáõÍáõÛÃ: ~ to pass ϳï³ñ»É, Çñ³·áñÍ»É. ~ to terms
brine [brain] v ³ÕÁ ¹Ý»É, ³Õáí μéÝ»É: ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý μ»ñ»É:
bring [briŋ] v μ»ñ»É. She has brought some fruit brink [briŋk] n ͳÛñ, »½ñ, ³÷. on the ~ of the
ܳ ÙÇñ· ¿ μ»ñ»É. The farm ~s a small income grave ·»ñ»½Ù³ÝÇ Í³ÛñÇÝ/»½ñÇÝ. on the ~ of
ü»ñÙ³Ý ÷áùñ ß³ÑáõÛà ¿ μ»ñáõÙ. It will bring war/ruin å³ï»ñ³½ÙÇ/ÏáñͳÝÙ³Ý »½ñÇÝ£
you luck ê³ Ó»½ ѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ Ïμ»ñÇ. brisk [brisk] a ³ßËáõÛÅ, ÅÇñ, ³ñ³·³ß³ñÅ.
(³é³ç³óÝ»É, å³ï׳é ѳݹÇë³Ý³É) It Trade is ~ ²é¨ïáõñÝ ³ßËáõųó»É ¿. go for a
brought tears to her eyes Üñ³ ³ãù»ñáõÙ ~ walk ϳñ×³ï¨ ½μáë³ÝùÇ ·Ý³É. ~ about
³ñóáõÝù »ñ¨³ó. It broght a blush to her ³ñ³· ß³ñÅí»É:
cheeks ²Ûï»ñÁ ϳñÙñ»óÇÝ. He couldn’t ~ bristle [΄brisl] n Ïáßï Ù³½, óó³Ù³½ (¹»ÙùÇ
himself to apologise ܳ ã¿ñ ϳñáÕ³ÝáõÙ íñ³), ãë³÷ñí³Í ¹»Ùù. set up one’s ~s ·³-
Çñ»Ý ëïÇå»É Ý»ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ Ëݹñ»É. ~ an ac- ½³½»É, μ³ñϳݳÉ:
tion Çñ³í. ѳÛó Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É. ~ about ³é³- bristle [΄brisl] v Ù³½»ñÁ μǽ-μǽ ϳݷݻÉ,
ç³óÝ»É, ѳñáõó»É. It brought about great chan- óóí»É. ~ criticism ¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó ϳ-
ges ¸³ Ù»Í ÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ³é³ç³ó- ï³Õ»É. The problem ~s with difficulties
ñ»ó. ~ against Çñ³í. (Ù»ÏÇ ¹»Ù) ѳÛó Ý»ñ- ÊݹñÇ Ñ»ï ß³ï ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ »Ý
ϳ۳óÝ»É. ~ a case/charge against smb áñ¨¿ ϳåí³Í£
Ù»ÏÇ ¹»Ù ·áñÍ Ñ³ñáõó»É. ~ away ï³Ý»É, bristly [΄brisli] a Ïáßï, ͳÏÍÏáÕ:
Ñ»é³óÝ»É. I brought away pleasant impressions British [΄briti∫] a μñÇï³Ý³Ï³Ý, ³Ý·Édz-
ºë ÇÝÓ Ñ»ï ï³ñ³ ѳ׻ÉÇ ïå³íáñáõ- ϳÝ. the ~ ´ñÇï³Ý³óÇÝ»ñÁ. ~ Isles ´ñÇ-
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. ~ back »ï μ»ñ»É, ÑÇß»óÝ»É. ~ the ï³Ý³Ï³Ý ÏÕ½ÇÝ»ñ. ~ museum ´ñÇï³Ý³-
book back ·ÇñùÁ í»ñ³¹³ñÓÝ»É. ~ back capi- Ï³Ý Ã³Ý·³ñ³Ý:
tal punishment ٳѳå³ïÇÅÁ í»ñ³Ï³Ý·- Britisher [΄briti∫ə] n ³Ý·ÉdzóÇ, μñÇï³-
Ý»É. ~ down Çç»óÝ»É. ëå³Ý»É. ~ down the ݳóÇ:
prices ·Ý»ñÝ Çç»óÝ»É. ~ bring forward ³é³ç Briton [΄britn] n åïÙ. μñÇï. ³Ý·ÉdzóÇ,
μ»ñ»É/ù³ß»É ~ forward a proposal ³é³ç³ñ- μñÇï³Ý³óÇ. North ~ ßáïɳݹ³óÇ:
ÏáõÃÛáõÝ ³é³ç ù³ß»É. ~ in Ý»ñë μ»ñ»É, brittle [΄britl] a ÷ËñáõÝ, ¹Ûáõñ³μ»Ï:
ÙïóÝ»É. ~ in a bill ûñÇݳ·ÇÍ ÙïóÝ»É. ~ into broach [brəut∫] n ß³Ù÷áõñ, ͳÏÇã:
ÙïóÝ»É. ~ into play/force/fashion ·áñÍÇ ·ó»É. broach [brəut∫] v ͳϻÉ, μ³Ý³É. ÷Ëμ.
broad 119 brook

ùÝݳñÏáõÙ ëÏë»É. ~ a bottle/a barrel ßÇßÁ/ broiler [΄brɔilə] n μñáÛÉ»ñ:


ï³Ï³éÁ μ³ó»É. ~ a subject ѳñó μ³ñÓ- broke [brəuk] a ëݳÝϳó³Í, Ý»Õ ¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý
ñ³óÝ»É, ùÝݳñÏáõÙ ëÏë»É: Ù»ç. The firm has gone ~ üÇñÙ³Ý ëݳÝϳó»É
broad [brɔ:d] a ɳÛÝ, Áݹ³ñÓ³Ï, Ù»Í. The ¿. I’m ~ just now Øáïë ÙÇ Ïáå»Ï ÷áÕ ãϳ:
river is 5 metres ~ ¶»ïÁ ÑÇÝ· Ù»ïñ ɳÛÝáõ- broken [΄brəukən] a Ïáïñ(í)³Í, ç³ñ¹-
ÃÛáõÝ áõÝÇ. ~ smile ɳÛÝ ÅåÇï. ~ shoulders (í)³Í. ~ leg Ïáïñí³Í áïù. ~ sleep Áݹ-
ɳÛÝ áõë»ñ. in a ~ sense of the word μ³éÇë ѳïí³Í ùáõÝ. ~ language/English Ïáïñí³Í
ɳÛÝ ÇÙ³ëïáí. take a ~ view ³í»ÉÇ É»½áõ/ ³Ý·É»ñ»Ý. ~ marriage ù³Ûù³Ûí³Í/³-
ɳÛÝáñ»Ý ¹Çï»É/ݳۻÉ. (å³ñ½, å³Ûͳé, ÙáõëݳÉáõÍí³Í ÁÝï³ÝÇù ~ weather ÷á÷á-
³ÏÝѳÛï) ~ hint å³ñ½ ³ÏݳñÏ. in ~ day- Ë³Ï³Ý »Õ³Ý³Ï. ~ heart Ïáïñí³Í ëÇñï. ~
light ûñÁ ó»ñ»Ïáí. in ~ outline ÁݹѳÝáõñ man Ïáñ³Í Ù³ñ¹, ³Û¹ Ù³ñ¹áõó áãÇÝã ãÇ
·Í»ñáí. a ~ grin Ååï³É ³ÙμáÕç μ»ñ³Ýáí. ϳñ»ÉÇ ëå³ë»É. ~ ground ³Ýѳñà ï»-
~ humour ÏáåÇï ÑáõÙáñ: Õ³Ýù:
broadcast [΄brɔ:dka:st] n é³¹Çá/Ñ»éáõë- broken-down [‚brəukən΄daun] a Ïáïñí³Í,
ï³Ñ³Õáñ¹áõÙ. Ñ»é³ñÓ³ÏáõÙ. TV ~ Ñ»- ëݳÝϳó³Í, ÁÝÏ×í³Í. a ~ ûld car ÑÇÝ,
éáõëï³Ñ³Õáñ¹áõÙ. live ~ áõÕÇÕ Ñ³Õáñ- ç³ñ¹í³Í (˳ñ³μ³) Ù»ù»Ý³£
¹áõÙ/»Ã»ñ£ broken-hearted [‚brəukən΄ha:tid] a ëñï³-
broadcast [΄brɔ:dka:st] v é³¹ÇáÛáí/Ñ»éáõë- μ»Ï, íßï³Ñ³ñ:
ï³óáõÛóáí ѳÕáñ¹»É. ~ a play é³¹ÇáÛáí brokenly [΄brəukənli] adv ÁݹѳïáõÙÝ»-
Ý»ñϳ۳óáõ٠ѳÕáñ¹»É. ÷Ëμ. ~ everywhere ñáí, ÁݹÙÇç»Éáí, çÕ³Ó·áñ»Ý:
³Ù»Ý ï»Õ Ëáë»É/ѳÕáñ¹»É: broker [΄brəukə] n ³é¨ïñ³ÙÇçÝáñ¹, ÙÇç-
broadcaster [΄brɔ:dka:stə] n ѳÕáñ¹³í³ñ: Ýáñ¹. customs ~ Ù³ùë³ï³Ý ÙÇçÝáñ¹. share/
broadcasting [΄brɔ:dka:stiŋ] n é³¹Çá/Ñ»- stock ~ ë³Ï³ñ³ÝÇ ÙÇçÝáñ¹:
éáõëï³Ñ³Õáñ¹áõÙ. TV ~ Ñ»éáõëï³Ñ³- brokerage [΄brəukəridз] n ÙÇçÝáñ¹³í³-
Õáñ¹áõÙ. a ~ station é³¹Çáϳ۳Ý, ѳÕáñ- ׳éù, ÙÇçÝáñ¹³í׳ñ. ~ contract ÙÇçÝáñ-
¹³Ï³Û³Ý: ¹³í³×³éùÇ å³Ûٳݳ·Çñ:
broaden [΄brɔ:dn] v ɳÛݳݳÉ, ɳÛݳóí»É£ bromine [΄brəumi:n] n ùÇÙ. μñáÙ:
broad-gauge [΄brɔ:dgeidз] a »ñÏÃ. ɳÛ- bronchi [΄brɒŋkai] n pl ϽÙË. μñáÝËÝ»ñ£
ݳ·ÇÍ »ñϳÃáõÕÇ: bronchia [΄brɒŋkia] n sing ϽÙË. μñáÝË:
broadly [΄brɔ:dli] adv ɳÛÝáñ»Ý, Áݹ³ñÓ³- bronchial [΄brɒŋkiəl] a μñáÝËÝ»ñÇ, μñáÝ-
Ïáñ»Ý. ~ speaking ÁݹѳÝáõñ ³éÙ³Ùμ/·Í»- ˳ÛÇÝ:
ñáí. It’s ~ true ÀݹѳÝáõñ ³éÙ³Ùμ ×Çßï ¿. bronchitis [brɒŋ΄kaitis] n μñáÝËÇï:
~ based coalition ɳÛݳͳí³É Ïá³ÉÇódz: bronze [brɒnz] n μñáݽ, ³Ý³·³åÕÇÝÓ.
broad-minded [‚brɔ:d΄maindid] a ɳÛÝ μñáݽ۳ ·»Õ³ñí»ëï³Ï³Ý Çñ»ñ:
ѳ۳óùÝ»ñÇ ï»ñ. ~ man ɳÛÝ Ñ³Û³óùÝ»ñÇ brooch [brəut∫] n ϳݳóÇ ÏñÍù³½³ñ¹.
ï»ñ Ù³ñ¹: μñáß:
broadness [΄brɔ:dnəs] n ÏáåïáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ý- brood [bru:d] n ×ï»ñ, Ó³·»ñ. ÃáõËë áõ
å³ñÏ»ßïáõÃÛáõÝ: ×ï»ñ. ÷Ëμ. a whole ~ of children ÙÇ ËáõÙμ
broadways [΄brɔ:dweiz] adv ɳÛÝùáí, ɳÛ- »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñ£
ݳÏÇ, ɳÛÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ: brood [bru:d] v ÃáõËë Ýëï»É. ÷Ëμ. Ùïáñ»É,
broadsword [΄brɔ:dsɔ:d] n Ãñ³¹³ßáõÛÝ: Ùï³Í»É ~ over problems Ùïáñ»É åñáμÉ»ÙÝ»-
brocade [brə΄keid] n ¹ÇåáõÏ: ñÇ íñ³. Try not to ~ about it öáñÓ»ù ãÙï³-
brock [brɒk] n ϻݹμ. ·áñßáõÏ, ÷áñëáõÕ: Í»É ³Û¹ Ù³ëÇÝ:
brogue [brəug] n ÏáåÇï/Ïáßï ÏáßÇÏ: brooding [΄bru:diŋ] a Ùï³ÍÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ Ù»ç
broil [brɔil] n ÏéÇí, ³ÕÙáõÏ: Ëáñ³ëáõ½í³Í:
broil [brɔil] 1. v ï³å³Ï»É, Ëáñáí»É. ÷Ëμ. broody [΄bru:di] n ÃáõËë (ݳ¨ª a ~ hen):
³ñ¨Ç ï³Ï ³Ûñí»É. ÷Ëμ. ~ with impatience brook [bruk] n ³éáõ, íï³Ï:
³ÝѳÙμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÇó ³Ûñí»É. 2. n ï³å³- brook [bruk] v ïáϳÉ, ¹ÇٳݳÉ, Ïñ»É. The
Ï³Í ÙÇë: matter ~s no delay ¶áñÍÝ ³ÝÑ»ï³Ó·»ÉÇ ¿:
broom 120 brute

broom [bru:m] 1. n ³í»É, ó³Ë³í»É. 2. v bruit [bru:t] v Éáõñ ï³ñ³Í»É. It is ~ed about
³íÉ»É, ëñμ»É ÷Ëμ. A new ~ sweeps clean Üáñ Èáõñ»ñ »Ý ï³ñ³ÍíáõÙ:
³í»ÉÁ É³í ¿ Ù³ùñáõÙ: brunch [brΛnt∫] ËëÏó. áõß Ý³Ë³×³ß:
broth [brɒθ] n Ùë³çáõñ, ³ñ·³Ý³Ï. chicken brunette [bru΄net] n ÃáõË, Ã˳ѻñ:
~ ѳíÇ ³ñ·³Ý³Ï: brunt [brΛnt] n ·É˳íáñ ѳñí³Í, ÑÇÙݳ-
brothel [΄brɒθl] n ѳë³ñ³Ï³ó ïáõÝ: Ï³Ý ·ñáÑ. bear the ~ Çñ íñ³ í»ñóÝ»É ·É˳-
brother [΄brΛðə] n »Õμ³Ûñ. full ~ ѳñ³½³ï íáñ ѳñí³ÍÁ, ¹ÇٳݳÉ. bear the ~ of ex-
»Õμ³Ûñ. elder/younger ~ ³í³·/Ïñïë»ñ »Õ- pense Ïñ»É ͳËë»ñÇ Ù»Í Ù³ëÁ. bear the ~ of
μ³Ûñ. a twin ~ »ñÏíáñÛ³Ï »Õμ³Ûñ. ~ in-arms attack Ïñ»É Ù³ñïÇ ³ÙμáÕç ͳÝñáõÃÛáõÝÁ:
½ÇݳÏÇó. ~ officers ÙǨÝáõÛÝ ·Ý¹Ç ëå³Ý»ñ: brush [brΛ∫] n ËέݳÏ, (ó³Ë)³í»É. scrub-
brotherhood [΄brΛðəhud] n »Õμ³ÛñáõÃÛáõÝ, bing/clothes/tooth ~ ѳï³ÏÇ/ѳ·áõëïÇ/
ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ: ³ï³ÙÇ ËέݳÏ. the ~ íñÓÇÝ, (ݳ¨ª
brother-in-law [΄brΛðərin‚lɔ:] n/pl. broth- ÷Ëμ.) ÝϳñãáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñí»ëï. (Ëέݳ-
ers-in-law ÷»ë³, ³Ý»ñáñ¹Ç, ³Ý»ñÓ³·, ÏáõÙ, ËέݳÏáí Ù³ùñ»ÉÁ). The coat needs
ï»·ñ, ù»Ý³Ï³É: a good ~ ì»ñ³ñÏáõÝ ËέݳϻÉáõ ϳñÇù
brotherly [΄brΛðəli] 1. a »Õμ³Ûñ³Ï³Ý. 2. áõÝÇ. (ÁݹѳñáõÙ, μ³ËáõÙ) have a ~ with
adv »Õμ³Ûñ³μ³ñ, »Õμ³Ûñáñ»Ý: smb Ù»ÏÇ Ñ»ï Áݹѳñí»É:
brow [brau] n ÑáÝù, áõÝù. knit one’s ~ s brush [brΛ∫] v ËέݳÏáí Ù³ùñ»É. ~ one’s
ÑáÝù»ñÁ ÏÇï»É, ËáÅáéí»É. (׳ϳï). the ~ teeth ³ï³ÙÝ»ñÁ ËέݳϻÉ. (ë³Ýñ»É) ~
of a hill/cliff ųÛéÇ ·³·³ÃÁ/ϳï³ñÁ: one ‘s hair Ù³½»ñÁ ë³Ýñ»É. ~ against ûè
brow-ague [‚brau΄eigju:] n áõÅ»Õ ·É˳- ¹Çåã»É. ~ aside Çñ»ÝÇó Ñ»é³óÝ»É, ·ÉáõËÝ
ó³í, ÙÇ·ñ»Ý: ³½³ï»É. ~ aside the complaints μáÕáùÝ»ñÇó
browbeat [΄braubi:t] v í³Ë»óÝ»É, ³Ñ³μ»- ·ÉáõËÝ ³½³ï»É. ~ away ëñμ»É, Ù³ùñ»Éáí
Ï»É. ~ into doing smth ëïÇå»É ÇÝã-áñ μ³Ý Ñ»é³óÝ»É. ~ away a tear/flies ³ñóáõÝùÁ Ù³ù-
³Ý»É: ñ»É, ׳Ý×»ñÇÝ ùß»É. ~ off Ñ»é³óÝ»É, ó÷
brown [braun] a ¹³ñãݳ·áõÛÝ. ÃáõË. ³ñ¨³- ï³É. ~ crumbs off the table ÷ßñ³ÝùÁ ë»Õ³-
Ï»½. ß³·³Ý³Ï³·áõÛÝ. light/dark ~ μ³ó/Ùáõ· ÝÇó Ñ»é³óÝ»É/Ù³ùñ»É. ~ up Ù³ùñ»É. ~ up
ß³·³Ý³Ï³·áõÛÝ. ~ hair ¹³ñãݳ·áõÛÝ Ù³- broken glass off the floor ³å³Ïáõ Ïáïñ-
½»ñ. chestnut ~ hair Ã˳·áõÛÝ Ù³½»ñ, Ã˳- ï³ÝùÝ»ñÁ ѳï³ÏÇó ѳí³ù»É. (óñÙ³ó-
Ñ»ñ. ~ eyes ÃáõË ³ãù»ñ. ~ bear ·áñß ³ñç. ~ Ý»É) B~ up your English ³ñÙ³óñáõ/γñ·Ç
as a berry ËÇëï ³ñ¨³Ï»½. ~ paper ÷³Ã»- μ»ñ ³Ý·É»ñ»Ý¹:
óíáñÙ³Ý ÃáõÕÃ: brush [brΛ∫] n Ã÷áõï, Ù³ó³éáõï:
brown [braun] v ³ñ¨³Ï»½ ÉÇÝ»É, Ã˳ݳÉ. brushstroke [΄brΛ∫strəuk] n íñÓݳѳñ-
I’m ~ed off with my job ÷Ëμ. Ò³ÝÓñ³ó»É »Ù í³Í:
ÇÙ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇó: brush-up [΄brΛ∫Λp] n ËέݳϻÉÁ. I need a
browning [΄brauniŋ] n ï³å³Ï»ÉÁ. ¹³ñã- wash and a ~ ºë ÇÝÓ å»ïù ¿ ϳñ·Ç μ»ñ»Ù:
ݳ·áõÛÝ Ñ³Ù»ÙáõÝù Ï»ñ³Ïñ³ÝÛáõÃÇ brushwood [΄brΛ∫wud] n Ã÷áõï, óíáõï,
(ëááõë) ѳٳñ: Ù³ó³éáõï:
browse [brauz] v ³ñ³Í»É. ÏñÍáï»É (ï»- brushy I [΄brΛ∫i] a Ïáßï, ÷éãáï:
ñ¨Ý»ñ, ¹³É³ñ ×ÛáõÕ»ñ): ÷Ëμ. ~ through jour- brushy II [΄brΛ∫i] a Ã÷áï, Ã÷³ß³ï:
nals/magazines ³ãùÇ ³ÝóϳóÝ»É ³Ùë³- brusque [brusk] a ÏáåÇï, μÇñï. ~ voice/
·ñ»ñÁ. ~ view ³ñ³· ¹ÇïáõÙ: manner ÏáåÇï Ó³ÛÝ, μÇñï ß³ñÅáõÓ¨:
bruise [bru:z] 1. n ϳåï³·ÇÍ, ϳåïáõÏ. brusqueness [΄brusknəs] n ÏáåïáõÃÛáõÝ,
bruise 2. v íݳë»É. ~ one’s elbow ³ñÙáõÝÏÁ μÇñïáõÃÛáõÝ:
íݳë»É. (×ÙÉ»É, ×ËÉ»É) ~ fruit ÙÇñ· ×ËÉ»É brutal [΄bru:tl] a í³Ûñ³·, ¹³Å³Ý, ·³½³-
Peaches ~ easily ¸»ÕÓÁ Ñ»ßïáõÃÛ³Ùμ ¿ ݳÛÇÝ, ·³½³Ý³μ³ñá:
×ËÉíáõÙ. ~ oneself íݳëí»É. ~ along ·É˳- brutality [bru:΄tæləti] n í³Ûñ³·áõÃÛáõÝ,
å³ï³é ³ñß³í»É: ¹³Å³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ·³½³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
bruit [bru:t] n ѳÙμ³í, Éáõñ£ brute [bru:t] 1. n ³Ý³ëáõÝ. They are utter ~s
brutish 121 buffoon

Üñ³Ýù å³ñ½³å»ë ³Ý³ëáõÝ »Ý/Ëá½»ñ bucolic [bju΄kɒlik] a Ñáíí»ñ·³Ï³Ý. ~ verse


»Ý/ï³í³ñ »Ý. It’s a ~ of a problem ê³ ³Ñ³- Ñáíí»ñ·³Ï³Ý μ³Ý³ëï»ÕÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ~s Ñáí-
íáñ μ³ñ¹ åñáμɻ٠¿. 2. a ÏáåÇï. by ~ force í»ñ·³Ï³Ý åá»ÙÝ»ñ:
ÏáåÇï áõÅÇ ÙÇçáóáí: bud [bΛd] n μáÕμáç, ÏáÏáÝ. The trees/roses are
brutish [bru:ti∫] a ·³½³Ý³ÛÇÝ. ÷Ëμ. ³Ý³ë- in ~ ̳é»ñÁ μáÕμáç»É »Ý, ì³ñ¹»ñÁ ÏáÏáÝ
ݳϳÝ. μáõÃ, μóÙÇï: »Ý ïí»É. Bus burst overnight ´áÕμáçÝ»ñÁ
bubble [΄bΛbl] n åÕåç³Ï, μßïÇÏ. ùÉÃùÉÃáó μ³óí»óÇÝ ·Çß»ñí³ ÁÝóóùáõÙ. nip in the ~
(Ñ»ÕáõÏÇ). blow ~s û׳éÇ åÕåç³ÏÝ»ñ ÃáÕ- μÝáõ٠˻չ»É, áãÝã³óÝ»É ë³ÕÙݳÛÇÝ íÇ-
Ý»É/÷ã»É. ~ gum ÷áõãÇϳíáñ ͳÙáÝ£ ׳ÏáõÙ:
bubble [΄bΛbl] v åÕåç³É, »é³É, ùÉÃùÉóÉ. bud [bΛd] v μáÕμáç»É, ÍÇÉ ï³É, ͳÕÏ»É.
The kettle is bubling »۳ٳÝÁ »éáõÙ ¿. The ÷Ëμ. ½³ñ·³Ý³É, ³×»É£
spring ~s out ²ÕμÛáõñÁ Ñáñ¹áõÙ ¿ åÕåç³Éáí. buddhism [΄budizm] n ÏñáÝ. μáõ¹¹³Û³Ï³-
÷Ëμ. ~ over with rage ϳï³ÕáõÃÛáõÝÇó ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
»é³É: budding [΄bΛdiŋ] a ͳÕÏáÕ, ÷ÃÃáÕ. ͳÕ-
bubbly [΄bΛbli] a ÷ñ÷ñ³óáÕ (·ÇÝÇ). μßïÇ- ÏáõÝ. ~ hopes í³ñ¹³·áõÛÝ ÑáõÛë»ñ. ~ poet
ϳíáñ, ÷áõãÇϳíáñ (³å³ÏÇ): ëÏëÝ³Ï μ³Ý³ëï»ÕÍ:
buccaneer [‚bΛkə΄niə] n Íáí³Ñ»Ý£ buddy [΄bΛdi] n ËëÏó. ß³ï Ùáï ÁÝÏ»ñ, ëÇ-
buccaneer [‚bΛkə΄niə] v Íáí³Ñ»ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ñ»ÉÇ μ³ñ»Ï³Ù:
³Ý»É: budge [bΛdз] v ï»ÕÇó ß³ñÅí»É. The piano
buck [bΛk] n ³ñáõ (»Õç»ñáõ, ׳·³ñ, ݳ- hasn’t ~d an inch ¸³ßݳÙáõñÁ ï»ÕÇó áã ÙÇ
å³ëï³Ï). ³Ù. ¹áɳñ five ~s ÑÇÝ· ¹áɳñ. ë³ÝïÇÙ»ïñ ãß³ñÅí»ó. He didn’t dare to ~
pass the ~ å³ï³ë˳ݳïíáõÃÛáõÝÁ áõñÇßÇ Ü³ ã¿ñ ѳٳñÓ³ÏíáõÙ ß³ñÅí»É. He wouldn’t
íñ³ ·ó»É: ~ ܳ áã ÙÇ μ³ÝáõÙ ã¿ñ áõ½áõÙ ½Çç»É:
buck [bΛk] v ͳé³Ý³É (ÓÇáõ Ù³ëÇÝ). The budget [΄bΛdзit] n μÛáõç», ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý
horse ~s ÒÇÝ Í³éë ¿ ϳݷÝáõÙ: ݳ˳ѳßÇí. state/voted/balanced ~ å»ï³-
bucket [΄bΛkit] n ¹áõÛÉ. ï»Ë. ß»ñ»÷. a ~ of ϳÝ/ѳëï³ïí³Í/ѳí³ë³ñ³Ïßéí³Í
sand/water ÙÇ ¹áõÛÉ ³í³½/çáõñ. The rain came μÛáõç». ~ level μÛáõç»Ç ·áõÙ³ñ. family/house-
down in ~s ì³ñ³ñ ³ÝÓñ¨ ¿ñ ï»ÕáõÙ hold ~ ÁÝï³Ý»Ï³Ý μÛáõç». pass the ~ μÛáõç»Ý
¹áõÛÉ»ñáí. give the ~ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇó Ñ»é³ó- ѳëï³ï»É. ~ deficit μÛáõç»Ç μ³ó:
Ý»É. kick the ~ áïÝ»ñÁ Ó·»É, Ù»éÝ»É. a drop in budget [΄bΛdзit] v μÛáõç»áí ݳ˳ï»ë»É,
the ~ ãÝãÇÝ ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ: μÛáõç» Ï³½Ù»É. ~ for every eventuality ³Ù»Ý
bucketful [΄bΛkitful] a ÙÇ ¹áõÛÉ ÉÇùÁ. a ~ of ÇÝã ݳ˳ï»ë»É:
apples ÙÇ ¹áõÛÉ ÉÇùÁ ËÝÓáñ: budgetary [΄bΛdзitəri] a μÛáõç»Ç, μÛáõç»-
buckle [΄bΛkl] n ׳ñٳݹ: ï³ÛÇÝ:
buckle [΄bΛkl] v ׳ñٳݹ ϳå»É, ׳ñÙ³Ý- buff [bΛf] n ·áÙßÇ/»½³Ý ϳßÇ. ÷Ëμ. Ù³ñ¹áõ
¹áí ³Ùñ³óÝ»É. ~ on sandals/belt ³Ùñ³óÝ»É Ù³ßÏ. in ~ Ù»ñÏ. strip to the ~ áïùÇó ·ÉáõË
ÏáßÇÏÝ»ñÁ ·áïÇÝ (׳ñٳݹáí). ÷Ëμ. Ù»ñϳóÝ»É:
ÏïÏ. ³ÙáõëݳݳÉ: buffalo [΄bΛfələu] n ·áÙ»ß. ³Ù. í³ÛñÇ óáõÉ:
buckram [΄bΛkrəm] 1. n ÙáÙɳÃ, Ïáßï buffer [΄bΛfə] n ï»Ë. μáõý»ñ, ó÷³ñ·»É.
Ïï³í. ÷Ëμ. Ó·í³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. 2. a ÓÇ·, ùÕù. (ݳ¨ª ~ state) μáõý»ñ³ÛÇÝ å»ïáõÃÛáõÝ.
Ëëï³μ³ñá: ËëÏó. ¹³ï³ñϳμ³Ý. Ñ»·Ý. old ~ Í»ñáõÏ:
bucksaw [΄bΛksɔ:] n ³Õ»ÕݳӨ ëÕáó: ÑÙÏñ·. μáõý»ñ, ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛ³Ý ïÇñáõÛÃ:
buckshot [΄bΛk∫ɒt] n Ëáßáñ Ù³Ýñ³·Ý¹³Ï buffet [΄bufei] n μáõý»ï (í³×³é³ë»Õ³Ý).
(Ññ³ó³ÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ): μáõý»ï (å³Ñ³ñ³Ý). ÷áùñÇÏ é»ëïáñ³Ý,
buckskin [΄bΛkskin] n »Õç»ñíÇ Ï³ßÇ. ~s Ëáñïϳñ³Ý. a ~ supper ÁÝÃñÇù áïùÇ íñ³:
ß³Éí³ñ/ï³μ³ï »Õç»ñíÇ Ï³ßíÇó: buffet [΄bΛfit] v ѳñí³Í»É, Ë÷»É. The ship
buckstick [΄bΛkstik] a å³ñÍ»ÝÏáï, ëݳ- was ~ ed by the waves ²ÉÇùÝ»ñÁ ѳñí³ÍáõÙ
å³ñÍ: ¿ÇÝ Ý³íÇÝ ³Ù»Ý ÏáÕÙÇó:
buckwheat [΄bΛkwi:t] n Ñݹϳóáñ»Ý: buffoon [bə΄fu:n] 1. n ͳÕñ³Íáõ, Ë»Õϳ-
buffoonery 122 bulldoze

ï³Ï. 2. a ͳÕñ³Íáõ³Ï³Ý. 3. v ÙÇÙáëáõ- build-up [΄bildΛp] 1. n é½Ù. ³Ùñ³óáõÙ, ½á-


ÃÛáõÝ/Ë»Õϳï³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É. play the ~ ñ³óáõÙ. a ~ of forces áõÅ»ñÇ Ï»Ýïñáݳ-
ÙÇÙáëáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É: óáõÙ. get a good ~ in the press Ù³ÙáõÉÇ ÙÇçá-
buffoonery [bə΄fu:nəri] n Ë»Õϳï³Ïáõ- óáí É³í ·áí³½¹ ëï³Ý³É/Ù³ëë³Û³Ï³Ýáõ-
ÃÛáõÝ, ÙÇÙáëáõÃÛáõÝ: ÃÛáõÝ Ó»éù μ»ñ»É. 2. v áñÙݳ߳ñ»É, å³ïÇ
bug [bΛg] n ÷³ÛïáçÇÉ. (ݳ¨ª bed ~). ·³ÕïÝÇ Ù»ç ϳéáõó»É. a built-up cupboard å³ïÇ Ù»ç
ë³ñù Éë»Éáõ ѳٳñ. ËëÏó, ÙÇç³ï, μ½»½. a ß³ñí³Í å³Ñ³ñ³Ý. built-up area ϳéáõó³-
big ~ ËëÏó. Ñ»·Ý. ϳñ¨áñ ³ÝÓ. get some ~ or å³ï(í³Í) óճٳë:
other áñ¨¿ í³ñ³Ï áõݻݳÉ/μ³Ýáí í³ñ³Ï- bulb [bΛlb] n μëμ. Ïá×Õ»½. ëá˳ñÙ³ï, ëá-
í³Í ÉÇÝ»É. go ~s ·Åí»É, ˻ɳ·³ñí»É. get the ËáõÏ. plant/dig out ~s ëáËáõÏÝ»ñÁ ïÝÏ»É/
travel ~ ׳Ù÷áñ¹»Éáõ ÙáÉáõóù áõݻݳÉ. ѳݻÉ. (¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³Ý ɳÙå) screw in/out a ~
ÑÙÏñ·. ëË³É Íñ³·ñáõÙ, ˳÷³ÝáõÙ: åïáõï³Ï»Éáí ɳÙåÁ ÙïóÝ»É/ѳݻÉ. The ~
bug [bΛg] v ·³ÕïÝÇ Éë³ë³ñù ¹Ý»É. The is gone ȳÙåÁ í³éí»É ¿. B~ is flickering
room is ~ged ²Ûë ë»ÝÛ³ÏáõÙ ·³ÕïÝÇ Éë³- ȳÙåÁ ÃñÃéáõÙ ¿:
ë³ñù»ñ »Ý ¹ñí³Í: bulge [bΛldз] n ÏáñÝóñ¹áõÃÛáõÝ, áõéáõóÇ-
bugbear [΄bΛgbeə] n ËñïíÇɳÏ, ¹¨, »ñ¨³- ÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ¹áõñë óóí³Í ï»Õ. ËëÏó. the ~
Ï³Û³Ï³Ý Ññ»ß: ³é³í»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ:
buggy [΄bΛgi] n Ù³ÝÏ³Ï³Ý ë³ÛɳÏ. »ñϳ- bulge [bΛldз] v ¹áõñë óóí»É, ϳñϳé»É:
ÝÇí ûè ϳéù: bulging [΄bΛldзiŋ] a ¹áõñë óóí³Í/åñͳÍ. ~
bughouse [΄bΛghaus] n ËëÏó. ·Å³Ýáó, Ë»- eyes ¹áõñë åñÍ³Í ³ãù»ñ. ~ pockets áõé³Í
ɳ·³ñ³Ýáó£ ·ñå³ÝÝ»ñ:
bugle [΄bju:gl]1. n ß»÷áñ, »Õç»ñ³÷áÕ 2. v. bulk [bΛlk] n ͳí³É, ï³ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. the ~ of
ß»÷áñ/÷áÕ ÷ã»É: the students áõë³ÝáÕÝ»ñÇ Ù»Í³Ù³ëÝáõÃÛáõ-
bugler [΄bju:glə] n ß»÷áñ³Ñ³ñ, ÷áÕѳñ: ÝÁ. ïÝï. sell/buy in ~ Ù»Í³Í³Ë í³×³éù/
build [bild] v ϳéáõó»É, ßÇÝ»É. ~ a house/ ·Ýáõ٠ϳï³ñ»É. ~ delivery ٻͳù³Ý³Ï
bridge ïáõÝ/ϳÙáõñç ϳéáõó»É. ÷Ëμ. ~ a ³é³ùáõÙ. (ݳí³μ»é) break ~ μ»éݳó-
fire Ïñ³Ï ³Ý»É, ˳ñáõÛÏ í³é»É. Polish built ÷áõÙÁ ëÏë»É. in ~ Ù»Í ½³Ý·í³Íáí (³é³Ýó
ships Ȼѳëï³ÝáõÙ ßÇÝí³Í ݳí»ñ. ~ ÷³Ã»Ã³íáñÙ³Ý):
in/into áñÙݳ߳ñ»É. a cupboard built into the bulk [bΛlk] v Çñ³ñ íñ³ ó÷»É, Ïáõï³Ï»É.
wall å³ïÇ Ù»ç ß³ñí³Í/Ùïóí³Í å³Ñ³- μ»éÇ ù³ßÁ áñáß»É. ~ up Ù»Í ·áõÙ³ñ/ù³Ý³-
ñ³Ý. ~ into the salary ³ß˳ï³í³ñÓÇ Ù»ç ÏáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³½Ù»É:
ÙïóÝ»É. ~ on ÏÇó ϳéáõó»É. ~ on a balcony bulkhead [΄bΛlkhed] n Íáí. ÙÇçÝáñ٠ݳíÇ
ÏÇó å³ïß·³Ùμ ϳéáõó»É. ÷Ëμ. ~ hopes on íñ³ (ݳ¨ª ÃáõÝ»ÉáõÙ):
smn Ù»ÏÇ íñ³ ÑáõÛë»ñ ¹Ý»É/ÑáõÛë»ñ ϳå»É. bulky [΄bΛlki] a ٻͳͳí³É, Ëáßáñ. ͳÝ-
~ up ϳݷݻóÝ»É, ëï»ÕÍ»É. ~ up a library ñ³Ù³ñÙÇÝ ~ person ͳÝñ³Ù³ñÙÇÝ Ù³ñ¹. a
·ñ³¹³ñ³Ý ëï»ÕÍ»É/ѳí³ù»É. ~ up a good ~ parcel Ëáßáñ ÷³Ã»Ã. a ~ volume ѳëï
business/reputation ɳí/Éáõñç μǽݻë/ѳٳ- ѳïáñ:
ñáõÙ ëï»ÕÍ»É. ~ up one’s strength ϳ½¹áõñ- Bull I [bul] n ³ëïÕ·. òáõÉ (ѳٳëï»Õáõ-
í»É, ³éáÕçáõÃÛáõÝÁ í»ñ³Ï³Ý·Ý»É. Preassure ÃÛáõÝ):
is ~ing up ÖÝßáõÙÝ ³×áõÙ ¿. Traffic ~s up bull II [bul] n óáõÉ. (Ëáßáñ ϻݹ³ÝÇÝ»ñÇ)
ºñè»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³×áõÙ ¿: ³ñáõ. a ~ in a china shop óáõÉ ×»Ý³å³Ïáõ
build [bild] n Ù³ñÙÝÇ Ï³½Ùí³Íù. a man of ˳ÝáõÃáõÙ. take the ~ by the horns »½³Ý
sturdy ~ ³Ùáõñ ϳ½Ùí³ÍùÇ ï»ñ Ù³ñ¹. be of »ÕçÛáõñÇó μéÝ»É, ³ÝÙÇç³Ï³Ý ³é³ñϳÛÇÝ
the same ~ ÝáõÛÝ Ï³½Ùí³ÍùÝ áõݻݳÉ. ³ÝóÝ»É:
builder [΄bildə] n ϳéáõóáÕ, ßÇݳñ³ñ: bull III [bul] n ³ÝѻûÃáõÃÛáõÝ:
building [΄bildiŋ] n ß»Ýù, ßÇÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ϳ- bulldog [΄buldɒg] n μáõɹá·. ÷Ëμ. ѳٳé
éáõÛó. ~ line ϳéáõó³å³ïÙ³Ý ·áïÇ. ~ plot Ù³ñ¹:
ßÇÝÑñ³å³ñ³Ï. be in the ~ trade ßÇݳñ³ñ bulldoze [΄buldəuz] v ËëÏó. ³Ñ³μ»Ï»É,
ÉÇÝ»É: ß³Ýï³Å ³Ý»É:
bulldozer 123 bungler

bulldozer [΄bul‚dəuzə] n ï»Ë. μáõɹύñ: knee against ÍáõÝÏÁ Ë÷»É, ÍÝÏáí ½³ñÏí»É.
bullet [΄bulit] n (Ññ³½»ÝÇ) ·Ý¹³Ï. The ~ hit The car ~ed into a tree Ø»ù»Ý³Ý ó÷áí
him/has gone wide ¶Ý¹³ÏÁ Ïå³í/íñÇå»ó. ~ Ïå³í ͳéÇÝ. ~ into an old friend å³ï³-
wound ·Ý¹³ÏÇ/Ññ³½»ÝÇ í»ñù. ~ character ѳμ³ñ ѳݹÇå»É ÑÇÝ ÁÝÏ»ñáçÁ. ËëÏó. ~
Ï»ï³Ýß³Ý: smb ûff áãÝã³óÝ»É/ëå³Ý»É Ù»ÏÇÝ:
bulletin [΄bulətin] n μÛáõÉ»ï»Ý, ï»Õ»Ï³·Çñ, bumper [΄bΛmpə] n ã³÷³½³Ýó Ù»Í. ~
³Ù÷á÷³·Çñ. official ~ å³ßïáÝ³Ï³Ý ï»- crop/harvest ËÇëï ³é³ï μ»ñù:
ջϳ·Çñ. ~ about the health ï»Õ»Ï³·Çñ bumpkin [΄bΛmpkin] n ³Ýï³ß »ñÇï³-
³éáÕçáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇÝ: ë³ñ¹, ³ÝßÝáñÑù Ù³ñ¹:
bulletproof [΄bulitpru:f] a Ññ³½»Ý³¹ÇÙ³ó- bumptious [΄bΛmp∫əs] a ÇÝùݳíëï³Ñ,
ÏáõÝ/Ññ³½»Ý³Ï³ÛáõÝ. ~ jacket Ññ³½»Ý³¹Ç- ÇÝùݳѳí³Ý:
Ù³óÏáõÝ μ³×ÏáÝ: bumpy [΄bΛmpi] n ³ÝѳñÃ, Ëáñ¹áõμáñ¹
bullfight [΄bulfait] n óɳٳñï: (׳ݳå³ñÑ). have a ~ journy/flight ׳ݳ-
bullfighter [΄bulfaitə] n óɳٳñïÇÏ, ïá- å³ñÑÇÝ/ÇÝùݳÃÇéáõ٠ɳí ó÷³Ñ³ñí»É:
ñ»³¹áñ: bun [bΛn] n ÷áùñÇÏ μÉÇà ã³Ùãáí. ÷Ëμ. do
bullfighting [΄bulfaitiŋ] n óɳٳñï: one’s hair in a ~ Ù³½»ñÁ ÷Ýç»É:
bullhead [΄bulhed] n ³åáõß, μóÙÇï Ù³ñ¹: bun [bΛn] n ÷Õù. ëÏÛáõéÇÏ, ׳·³ñÇÏ:
bull-headed [΄bulhedid] a ϳٳÏáñ, ѳ- bunch [bΛnt∫] n ÷áõÝç, ïñó³Ï, ËáõñÓ. ~ of
Ù³é: keys ÙÇ Ï³å μ³Ý³ÉÇ. ~ of grapes ˳ÕáÕÇ
bullock [΄bulək] n »½: áÕÏáõÛ½. ~ of flowers ͳÕÇÏÝ»ñÇ ÷áõÝç.
bull’s-eye [΄bulzai] n Ëáßáñ³óáõóÇã ³å³- ËëÏó. ËáõÙμ, ÁÝÏ»ñ³ËáõÙμ ~ of people ÙÇ
ÏÇ. Íáí. ݳíÇ Éáõë³ÝóáõÛó (ÏÉáñ Éáõë³- ËáõÙμ Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ. What a ~ ! ²°Û ù»½ ÁÝÏ»ñ³-
Ùáõï). (ÃÇñ³Ë³Ï»ï) hit/make/score the ~ ËáõÙμ. the best of the ~ μáÉáñÇó ɳíÁ:
Ýå³ï³ÏÇÝ ¹ÇåóÝ»É: bunch [bΛnt∫] v ϳå»É, ѳí³ù»É, ËÙμ³íá-
bully [΄buli] n Ïéí³ñ³ñ, ËáõÉÇ·³Ý: ñ»É. ë»ÕÙ»É, Ëï³óÝ»É:
bully [΄buli] a ÁÝïÇñ, ÑdzݳÉÇ. B~ for you! bundle [΄bΛndl] n ϳåáó, ÷³Ã»Ã. ߳ɳÏ.
λóó»°ë, ³åñ»°ë£ ѳí³ù³Íáõ. a ~ of rags/clothes ÙÇ Ï³åáó
bully [΄buli] v ÏéÇí ÷Ýïñ»É/ë³ñù»É. ~ smb ÑÝáïÇ/ѳ·áõëï. a ~ of sticks ÙÇ ß³É³Ï
into doing smth (áõÅáí) ëïÇå»É ÇÝã-áñ μ³Ý ×ÛáõÕ. a ~ of papers ÙÇ ÷³Ã»Ã ÃáõÕÃ:
³Ý»É: bundle [΄bΛndl] v ϳåáó ³Ý»É, ϳå»É. ~
bully beef [΄bulib£if] (ݳ¨ª bully) ÙëÇ things into a suitcase Çñ»ñÁ ׳ÙåñáõÏÇ Ù»ç
å³Ñ³Íᣠѳí³ù»É. ÷Ëμ. ~ the children upstairs »ñ»-
bulrush [΄bulrΛ∫] n »Õ»·, Ëáßáñ Ëáï»Õ»·: ˳ݻñÇÝ áõÕ³ñÏ»É ùÝ»Éáõ. ÷Ëμ. ~ the
bulwark [΄bulwək] n (μ»ñ¹Ç) ÑáÕ³å³ïÝ»ß, children off school »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñÇÝ ¹åñáó ׳-
Íáí³å³ïÝ»ß. ÷Ëμ. å³ïí³ñ, ѻݳñ³Ý. ݳå³ñÑ»É:
~ of peace ˳ճÕáõÃÛ³Ý å³ïí³ñ: bung [bΛŋ] n Ëó³Ý. ËëÏó. å³Ý¹áϳå³Ý£
bum [bΛm] 1. n ·éÑÏ. Ñ»ïáõÛù, Ýëï³ï»Õ. bung [bΛŋ] v Ëó³Ý»É, ³ÝóùÁ ϳÉÝ»É ( ݳ¨
³Ýμ³Ý, ÍáõÛÉ. ³Ù. ßñçÙáÉÇÏ, ó÷³é³Ï³Ý. ~ up). ~ it all into the box ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã ³ñÏÕÇ
2. a ³Ý³½ÝÇí, å³ñë³í»ÉÇ. 3. v ·áñÍÇó Ù»ç Ý»ï»É. be all ~ed up ßÝãáõÕÇÝ»ñÁ
÷³Ëã»É, Ãñ¨ ·³É. áõñÇßÇ Ñ³ßíÇÝ ³åñ»É: μéÝí»É. Eyes were all ~ed up with sleep ²ã-
bumble-bee [΄bΛmblbi:] n Çß³Ù»Õáõ: ù»ñÁ ùÝÇó ÷³ÏíáõÙ ¿ÇÝ:
bump [bΛmp] n ÁݹѳñáõÙ, μ³ËáõÙ, ѳñ- bungalow [΄bΛŋgələu] n μáõÝ·³Éá, ³Ù»ñÇÏ-
í³Í. sit down with a ~ ÃñÙ÷áóáí Ýëï»É. give Û³Ý ÑݹϳóÇÝ»ñÇ ÙdzѳñÏ ïáõÝ:
one’s head a ~ ·ÉËáí μ³Ëí»É. There was a ~ bungle [΄bΛŋgl] 1. v ³ÝßÝáñÑù Ï»ñåáí ³ß-
àõÅ»Õ/ÁݹѳñÙ³Ý Ó³ÛÝ Éëí»ó. (áõéáõóù, ˳ï»É, ³Ý׳ñ³Ï ·áñÍ ³Ý»É. ~ the job
»Éáõݹ) a ~ on the head ·ÉËÇÝ »Éáõݹ. ÷Ëμ. ³ÙμáÕç ³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ ÷ã³óÝ»É. 2. n
have no ~ of locality ï»Õ³ÝùáõÙ í³ï í³ï/³ÝßÝáñÑù ³ñí³Í ³ß˳ï³Ýù:
ÏáÕÙÝáñáßí»É: bungler [΄bΛŋglə] n í³ï ³ß˳ïáÕ, ÷Ç-
bump [bΛmp] v Ë÷(í)»É, ѳñí³Í»É. ~ one’s ݳãÇ:
bunk I 124 burst

bunk I [bΛŋk] n Ù³ÑÇ×, ³ÝÏáÕÝ³Ï (ݳ- burglary [΄bə:gləri] n Ïáïñ³Ýùáí ·áÕáõ-


íáõÙ, í³·áÝáõÙ). ~ beds »ñÏѳñϳÝÇ ÃÛáõÝ/ÏáÕáåáõï:
Ù³ÝÏ³Ï³Ý Ù³Ñ׳ϳÉÝ»ñ: burgle [΄bə:gl] v Ïáïñ»Éáí ·áÕáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É,
bunk II [bΛŋk] n ÷³Ëáõëï. do a ~ ÷³Ëã»É, ÏáÕáåï»É:
³ÝÑ»ï³Ý³É: burgundy [΄bə:gəndi] n μáõñ·áõݹ³Ï³Ý
bunker [΄bΛŋkə] n ³Í˳÷áë, ³Í˳ñ³Ý. /ϳñÙÇñ ·ÇÝÇ:
Íáí. μáõÝÏ»ñ: burial [΄beriəl] n óÕáõÙ, ÑáõÕ³ñϳíá-
bunkum [΄bΛŋkəm] n ×é×é³Ý/³Ýμáí³Ý- ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ¹³Ùμ³ñ³Ý:
¹³Ï ýñ³½Ý»ñ. All that talk is ~ ²Û¹ ³ÙμáÕçÁ burial-ground [΄beriəlgraund] n ·»ñ»½Ù³-
¹³ï³ñϳμ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ¿: ݳïáõÝ, ·»ñ»½Ù³Ýáó:
bunt [bΛnt] 1. v Ññ»É, Ë÷»É. 2. n ÑñáõÙ, burial-service [΄beriəl‚sə:vis] n Ñá·»-
Ññáó, μñÃáó: ѳݷëïÛ³Ý å³ï³ñ³·:
bunting [΄bΛntiŋ] n ¹ñáß³ÏÇ Ïï³í. Ñíù. burlap [΄bə:læp] n Ïï³í, ÏáåÇï ·áñÍ-
¹ñáßÝ»ñ: í³Íù/ ù³Ã³Ý:
buoy [bɔi] n ËáõóÝß³Ý, μ³Ï»Ý, ÉáÕ³Ý. life burly [΄bə:li] a ѳÕóݹ³Ù, ³Ùñ³Ï³½Ù:
~ ÷ñϳñ³ñ ÉáÕ³Ý/ßñç³Ý³Ï: burn [bə:n] n ³Ûñí³Íù, ³Ûñí³Í ï»Õ (Ù³ñÙ-
buoy [bɔi] v ËáõóÝß³Ý ¹Ý»É. ~ a channel ÝÇ íñ³). ³ÛñáõÙ, ˳ÝÓáõÙ:
çñ³ÝóùáõÙ ËáõóÝß³ÝÝ»ñ ¹Ý»É. ÷Ëμ. burn [bə:n] v ³Ûñ(í)»É, í³é(í)»É. ~ papers
ù³ç³É»ñ»É be ~ed by the news ù³ç³É»ñí»É ÃÕûñ ³Ûñ»É. burnt by the sun ³ñ¨Ï»½ »Õ³Í.
ÉáõñÇó/ÝáñáõÃÛáõÝÇó: The meat tastes burnt ØÇëÁ ˳ÝÓí»É ¿. ~ one’s
buoyancy [΄bɔiənsi] n ÉáÕáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ. hand Ó»éùÝ ³Ûñ»É. ~ wood ÷³Ûï í³é»É. be
÷Ëμ. ½í³ñÃáõÃÛáõÝ, »é³Ý¹ ³ßËáõÅáõ- burnt to death Ïñ³ÏÇ Ù»ç áãÝã³Ý³É/³Ûñí»É.
ÃÛáõÝ, ³ßËáõųóáõÙ: The house was burnt to the ground îáõÝÁ ÙÇÝã¨
buoyant [΄bɔiənt] a ÉáÕáõݳÏ. ÷Ëμ. ³éáõÛ·. ÑÇÙùÁ ³Ûñí»ó. ~ into ïå³íáñí»É, ÑÇßáÕáõ-
³ßËáõÛÅ. The market is ~ ²é¨ïáõñÁ ³ßËáõ- ÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÙݳÉ. ~ up 1. í³é»É, ÏåóÝ»É. 2.
ųó»É ¿. ~ demand ³×áÕ å³Ñ³Ýç³ñÏ: ÙÇÝ㨠í»ñç ³Ûñ»É. have money to ~ ã³÷³-
bur [bə:] n (μáõÛëÇ) ÷áõß, ÏáÍáÍ. stick like a ~ ½³Ýó ß³ï/³ÝѳßÇí ÷áÕ áõݻݳÉ. The fuse
ï½Ç ÝÙ³Ý Ïåã»É. ÷Ëμ. åݹ»ñ»ë/Ó³ÝÓ- has ~t out ²å³ÑáíÇãÝ ³Ûñí»É ¿. ~ with
ñ³óÝáÕ Ù³ñ¹: shame/anger ³ÙáÃÇó/½³ÛñáõÛÃÇó ³Ûñí»É. ~
burden [΄bə:dn] 1. n μ»é, ͳÝñáõÃÛáõÝ. bend one’s boats/bridge ݳí»ñÁ/ϳÙáõñçÝ»ñÝ
under the ~ μ»éÇ ï³Ï Ïù»É. put down the ~ ³Ûñ»É:
μ»éÁ ó³Í ¹Ý»É. be a ~ to smb Ù»ÏÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ burner [΄bə:nə] n ³ÛñÇã (ë³ñù):
μ»é ÉÇÝ»É. the ~ of taxation ѳñÏÇ Í³Ýñáõ- burning [΄bə:niŋ]1. n ³ÛñáõÙ, ÃñÍáõÙ, ßÇϳ-
ÃÛáõÝÁ. Life became a ~ to her ÎÛ³ÝùÁ Ýñ³ óáõÙ. 2. a ³ÛñíáÕ, ÏǽÇã, ï³ù. ~ house ³Ûñ-
ѳٳñ ³Ýï³Ý»ÉÇ ¹³ñÓ³í. ~ of proof íáÕ ïáõÝ. ~ sun ÏǽÇã ³ñ¨. The plates are ~
÷³ëï³Ýß³ÝÝ»ñÇ Í³ÝñáõÃÛáõÝ. 2. v ͳÝ- hot ²÷ë»Ý»ñÁ í³é»Éáõ ã³÷ ï³ù »Ý. ÷Ëμ.
ñ³μ»éÝ»É, μ»éݳíáñ»É: ~ desire ³ÛñáÕ/áõÅ»Õ ó³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ ques-
burdensome [΄bə:dnsəm] a ×ÝßáÕ, Ý»Õáõ- tion Ññ³ï³å ѳñó. ~ shame ³ÛñáÕ ³ÙáÃ:
ÃÛáõÝ å³ï׳éáÕ. ͳÝñ: burnish [΄bə:ni∫] v áÕáñÏ»É, ÷³ÛÉ»óÝ»É,
bureau [΄bjuərəu] n ·ñ³ë»Õ³Ý. ·ñ³ë»Ý- ÷³Ûɻɣ
Û³Ï, í³ñãáõÃÛáõÝ. information ~ ï»Õ»Ï³ï- burr [bə:] n ³ÕÙáõÏ, ¹Õñ¹ÛáõÝ (Ù»ù»Ý³Ý»-
í³Ï³Ý μÛáõñá: ñÇ):
bureaucracy [bju΄rɒkrəsi] n μÛáõñáÏñ³- burrow [΄bΛrəu] n áñç£
ïdz, μÛáõñáÏñ³ïǽÙ. the ~ ãÇÝáíÝÇÏÝ»ñÁ/ burrow [΄bΛrəu] v áñç ÷áñ»É. ³Ýóù μ³Ý³É:
ãÇÝáíÝÇÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ, μÛáõñáÏñ³ïÝ»ñÁ: burst [bə:st] n å³ÛÃÛáõÝ, å³ÛÃáó. μéÝÏáõÙ,
bureaucratic [‚bjuərə΄krætik] a μÛáõñáÏñ³- åáéÃÏáõÙ. ~ of shells ³ñÏ»ñÇ å³ÛÃÛáõÝ. ~ of
ï³Ï³Ý, ãÇÝáíÝÇϳϳÝ: thunder ³ÙåÇ ×³ÛÃÛáõÝ. ~ of a flame Ïñ³ÏÇ
burglar [΄bə:glə] n ·áÕ, ÏáÕáåïÇã, μéÝÏáõÙ/åáéÃÏáõÙ. ~ of applause ͳ÷»ñÇ
Ïáïñ³Ýùáí ·áÕáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³ï³ñáÕ: åáéÃÏáõÙ:
burst 125 busy

burst [bə:st] v ïñ³ù(í)»É, å³ÛûÉ, ׳ûÉ. ~ line of ~ μǽݻëÇ ï»ë³ÏÁ. publishing/car ~


a balloon/tyre û¹³å³ñÇÏÁ/ ¹áÕÁ å³Ûûó- Ññ³ï³ñ³Ïã³Ï³Ý/Ù»ù»Ý³ÛÇ í³×³éùÇ
Ý»É. The frost has ~ the pipes ÊáÕáí³ÏÝ»ñÁ ·áñÍ. ~ agent ³é¨ïñ³Ï³Ý ·áñͳϳÉ.
å³ÛÃ»É »Ý óñïÇó. ~ into blossom ÷ÃûÉ, wholesale/retail/slack ~ ٻͳͳË/Ù³Ýñ³-
ͳÕÏ»É. ~ into flame μáó³í³éí»É. ~ into ͳË/³Ý³ßËáõÛÅ ³é¨ïáõñ. on ~ ·áñÍáí.
tears ÷ÕÓϳÉ, Ñ»ÍÏÉï³É. ~ into the room mean ~ Éñçáñ»Ý Ëáë»É, ·áñÍÇÝ Éñçáñ»Ý Ùá-
ë»ÝÛ³Ï Ý»ñËáõÅ»É. ~ out μéÝÏí»É (å³ï»- ï»Ý³É. stick to one’s ~ ·áñÍÇÝ Ñ³í³ï³ñÇÙ
ñ³½Ù, ѳٳ׳ñ³Ï). ~ out of one’s dress ѳ- ÙݳÉ. make it one’s ~ Çñ å³ñïùÁ ѳٳñ»É.
·áõëïÁ íñ³Ý ã·³É/Ý»Õ ÉÇÝ»É. ~ with envy/ ~ community ·áñͳñ³ñ ßñç³Ý³ÏÝ»ñ. Go
joy ݳ˳ÝÓÇó/áõñ³ËáõÃÛáõÝÇó å³ÛûÉ. about your ~, Mind your own ~ øá ·áñÍáí
The door ~ open ¸áõéÁ ɳÛÝ μ³óí»ó: ½μ³ÕíÇñ. set smb up in ~ û·Ý»É ·áñÍ ëÏë»-
bury [΄beri] v óջÉ, ÑáÕÇÝ Ñ³ÝÓÝ»É. The vil- Éáõ. do ~ with smb ѳٳ·áñͳÏó»É. ~ of the
lage was buried by avalanche ¶ÛáõÕÁ óÕí³Í day ûñí³ ûñ³Ï³ñ·Á. funny ~ Ùáõà ·áñÍ»ñ.
¿ñ ÓݳÏáõÛïÇ ï³Ï. ~ the hatchet ÃßݳÙáõ- a family ~ ÁÝï³Ý»Ï³Ý ·áñÍ. ~ law ³é¨ï-
ÃÛ³ÝÁ/ÑÇÝ Ñ³ßÇíÝ»ñÇÝ í»ñç ï³É ~ oneself ñ³ÛÇÝ Çñ³íáõÝù. B~ before pleasure ܳË
in books ·ñù»ñÇ Ù»ç óÕí»É. ~ the face in ·áñÍ, Ñ»ïá ѳ×áõÛù. (å³ñï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ)
one’s hands ¹»ÙùÁ Ó»éù»ñáí ͳÍÏ»É. ~ one- You have no ~ to do that ¸áõù Çñ³íáõÝù
self in the country Çñ»Ý Ùáé³óÝ»É ï³É ãáõÝ»ù ³Û¹å»ë í³ñí»Éáõ. (μ³Ý, ·áñÍ,
·ÛáõÕáõÙ: å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ) What a ~! ²°Û ù»½ μ³Ý. nasty ~
burying-ground [΄beriiŋgraund] n ·»ñ»½- ïÑ³× å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ. 2. a ·áñͳñù³ÛÇÝ. ~
ٳݳïáõÝ, ·»ñ»½Ù³Ýáó. ݳ¨ª burying- interests ·áñÍÇ ß³Ñ»ñ. ~ letter/address å³ß-
place: ïáÝ³Ï³Ý Ý³Ù³Ï/ѳëó». ~ hours ³ß˳-
burying-place [΄beriiŋpleis] n ·»ñ»½- ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ Å³Ù»ñ. ~ trip ·áñÍáõÕáõÙ:
ٳݳï»ÕÇ: business-like [΄biznəslaik] a ·áñͳñ³ñ,
bus [bΛs] n ³íïáμáõë. travel by ~ ³íïáμáõ- ·áñÍÇÙ³ó, ·áñÍáõÝÛ³:
ëáí ·Ý³É/׳Ù÷áñ¹»É. catch one’s ~ ѳëóÝ»É businessman [΄biznəsmən] n ·áñͳñ³ñ,
³íïáμáõë Ýëï»É. miss the ~ ³íïáμáõëÇó ³é¨ïñ³Ï³Ý. big ~ Ëáßáñ μǽݻëÙ»Ý/ϳ-
áõ߳ݳÉ. ÷Ëμ. Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ μ³ó åÇï³ÉÇëï:
ÃáÕÝ»É. take the ~ ³íïáμáõëáí ·Ý³É. get on bust I [bΛst] n ÏÇë³ñÓ³Ý, ÏÇë³Ý¹ñÇ. (ϳ-
a ~ ³íïáμáõë Ýëï»É. get out of ~ ³íïá- ݳóÇ) ÏáõñÍù:
μáõëÇó ÇçÝ»É: bust II [bΛst] n Ëñ³Ë׳Ýù, áõñ³ËáõÃÛáõÝ.
bush [bu∫] n Ãáõ÷. ~es Ã÷áõï. a rose/cur- go on the/have a ~ ½í³ñ׳ݳÉ, ù»ý ³Ý»É:
rent/bramble ~ í³ñ¹Ç/ѳճñçÇ/ÙáßÇ Ãáõ÷. bust [bΛst] v ËëÏó. ëݳÝϳݳÉ, Ó³ËáÕí»É.
the Australian ~ ²íëïñ³ÉdzÛÇ Ëáñù»ñÇ ³Ý- ѳñμ»óáÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ ½μ³Õí»É. The firm has
Ùß³Ï ÑáÕÁ. ~ of hair ËÇï Ù³½»ñ. ³Õí»ëÇ gone ~ üÇñÙ³Ý ëݳÝϳó³í:
åáã. take to the ~ ó÷³é³ßñçÇÏ ¹³éݳÉ. bustle [΄bΛsl] n Çñ³ñ³ÝóáõÙ, ³Ýѳݷëïáõ-
beat about the ~ åáã ˳ճóÝ»É, Ëáõë³÷»É ÃÛáõÝ:
áõÕÇÕ å³ï³ë˳ÝÇó: bustle [΄bΛsl] v ßï³å»É, Çñ³ñ ³ÝóÝ»É:
bushel [΄bu∫l] n μáõᯐ (= 36, 3 ÉÇïñ): busy [΄bizi] a ½μ³Õí³Í. Are you ~? ¼μ³Õ-
bush-ranger [΄bu∫‚reindзə] n ³Ýï³éÝ»ñÇ í³±Í »ù. The line is ~ ¶ÇÍÁ ½μ³Õí³Í ¿. ~ one-
Ù»ç óùÝíáÕ ÷³Ëëï³Ï³Ý, ó÷³é³- self ½μ³Õí»É. ~ one’s brain ·ÉáõË Ïáïñ»É. ~
ßñçÇÏ: street ͳÝñ³μ»éÝí³Í ÷áÕáó. ~ place ³ß-
bushy [΄bu∫i] a Ã÷»ñáí ͳÍÏí³Í, Ã÷áï. ËáõÛÅ í³Ûñ. ~ hours (·»ñ)ͳÝñ³μ»éÝí³Í
ËÇï, óí (ÑáÝù, Ù³½ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ). ~ eyebrows ųٻñ keep smn ~ ѳݷÇëï ãÃáÕÝ»É, ³Ý-
ËÇï ÑáÝù»ñ: ÁÝ¹Ñ³ï ½μ³Õ»óÝ»É. I like to keep myself ~
business [΄biznəs] 1. n ·áñÍ, ½μ³ÕÙáõÝù, â»Ù ëÇñáõÙ Ó»éù»ñë Í³É³Í Ýëï»É. a ~ day
Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝ. big/small ~ Ù»Í/÷áùñ ·áñÍ»ñáí ͳÝñ³μ»éÝí³Í ûñ. The hospital is
μǽݻë. profitable/growing/flourishing ~ß³- very ~ ÐÇí³Ý¹³ÝáóáõÙ ³½³ï ï»Õ»ñ ãϳÝ.
Ñáõóμ»ñ/ μ³ñ·³í³×áÕ/ ͳÕÏáÕ μǽݻë. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ wait ëå³ëáÕ/ëå³ëÙ³Ý é»ÅÇÙ:
busy-body 126 buzz

busy-body [΄bizi‚bɒdi] n Ñá·ë³ß³ï Ù³ñ¹. ϳñ³· ѳó. He looks as if ~ wouldn’t melt in


She is a ~ øÇÃÁ ³Ù»Ý ï»Õ ËáÃáõÙ ¿: his mouth Þ³ï ³ÝÙ»Õ ï»ëù áõÝÇ, ÙñçÛáõÝ
but [bΛt] 1. adv ÙdzÛÝ, ÉáÏ, ÙÇÙdzÛÝ. He was ãÇ ïñáñÇ:
~ a child ܳ ¹»é/ÉáÏ »ñ»Ë³ ¿ñ. He left ~ an butter [΄bΛtə] v ϳñ³·/ÛáõÕ ùë»É. Know on
hour ago ܳ ÙdzÛÝ ÙÇ Å³Ù ³é³ç ·Ý³ó. She which side one’s bread is ~ed Æñ ·áñÍÁ ɳí
did nothing ~ sob ܳ ÙdzÛÝ Ñ»Ï»ÏáõÙ ¿ñ. any- ÇٳݳÉ, Çñ ߳ѻñÁ ãÙáé³Ý³É:
thing ~ hot μáÉáñáíÇÝ ¿É ï³ù ã¿. You can ~ buttercup [΄bΛtəkΛp] n μëμ. ÛáõճͳÕÇÏ:
try ¸» ÇÝã, ÷áñÓ»ù. 2. prep μ³óÇ, μ³ó³éáõ- butterfly [΄bΛtəflai] n ÃÇûé, ÃÇûéÝÇÏ:
ÃÛ³Ùμ no one ~ me áã áù μ³óÇ ÇÝÓ³ÝÇó. any buttermilk [΄bΛtəmilk] n óÝ:
day ~ Sunday ó³Ýϳó³Í ûñÁ μ³óÇ ÏÇñ³ÏÇ buttocks [΄bΛtəks] n pl Ýëï³ï»Õ, Ñ»ïáõÛù:
ûñí³ÝÇó. the last ~ one ݳ˳í»ñçÇÝÁ. buy button [΄bΛtn] n Ïá׳Ï. a loose ~ ÃáõÛÉ
nothing ~ the best ·Ý»É ÙdzÛÝ É³í³·áõÛÝÁ. ϳñí³Í Ïá׳Ï. A ~ has come off Îá×³Ï ¿
nothing ~ ÉáÏ, ÙdzÛÝ. 3. cnj μ³Ûó, ³ÛÉ, ÇëÏ. åáÏí»É. (Ïá×·³Ù) press/push the ~ Ïá׳ÏÁ
true ~ all the same ×Çßï ¿, μ³Ûó ³Û- ë»ÕÙ»É. ÷Ëμ. ϳå»ñÝ û·ï³·áñÍ»É. not
Ýáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí. I’m ready ~ you ar not ºë care a (brass)~ ÉñÇí ³Ýï³ñμ»ñ ÉÇÝ»É. ËëÏó.
å³ïñ³ëï »Ù, ÇëÏ ¹áõ` áã. can ~ ѳٻݳÛÝ He has not all his ~s ̳ÉÁ/ï³Ëï³ÏÁ å³-
¹»åë. You can ~ try гٻݳÛÝ ¹»åë ¹áõù Ï³ë ¿:
ϳñáÕ »ù ÷áñÓ»É. cannot ~ ã»Ù ϳñáÕ ã... I button [΄bΛtn] v Ïá×³Ï Ï³ñ»É. Ïá×Ïí»É
cannot ~ agree/think â»Ù ϳñáÕ ãѳٳӳÛÝ- (ݳ¨ª ~ up). ~ up one’s mouth Éáõé ÙݳÉ. be
í»É/ãÙï³Í»É. ~ for »Ã» ãÉÇÝ»ñ. I shuld have ~ed up ÇÝùݳÙ÷á÷ ÉÇÝ»É ÷Ëμ. ËëÏó. ~ up
fallen ~ for him ºÃ» ݳ ãÉÇÝ»ñ, »ë í³Ûñ one’s purse ÅɳïáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É, ùë³ÏÇ
ÏÁÝÏÝ»Ç. ~ then μ³Ûó ÙÛáõë ÏáÕÙÇó/ ¹ñ³ μ»ñ³ÝÁ ãμ³Ý³É:
÷á˳ñ»Ý. all~ ѳٳñÛ³, ùÇã ¿ñ ÙÝáõÙ. He buttonhole [΄bΛtnhəul] n Ïá׳ϳÝóù, Ù»-
all ~ died øÇã ¿ñ ÙÝáõÙ Ù»éÝ»ñ. anything ~ ñ³Ï. ͳÕÇÏ Ïá׳ϳÝóùÇ Ù»ç£
μÝ³í ¿É áã. He is anything ~ a coward ܳ buttonhole [΄bΛtənhəul] v Ïá׳ϳÝóù/Ù»-
³Ù»Ý¨ÇÝ ¿É í³ËÏáï ã¿. 3. n ~ me no ~ ñ³Ï ϳñ»É. Ëáë»ÉÇë Ù»ÏÇ Ïá׳ÏÇó μéÝ»É.
Ëݹñ»Ù, ³é³Ýó ³é³ñÏáõÃÛ³Ý (³é³Ýó He ~d me after the concert гٻñ·Çó Ñ»ïá
„μ³Ûó“-Ç)£ ÇÝÓ »ñϳñ ½μ³Õ»óñ»ó ѳñó»ñáí:
butcher [΄but∫ə] 1. n Ùë³·áñÍ, Ùë³í³×³é. buttress [΄bΛtrəs] 1. n ßÇÝ. Ý»óáõÏ, Ñ»-
÷Ëμ. Ù³ñ¹³ëå³Ý, ¹³ÑÇ×. the ~‘s ÙëÇ Ë³- ݳñ³Ý. 2. v Ý»óáõÏ/ѻݳñ³Ý ÉÇÝ»É. ~ up by
ÝáõÃ. 2. v ¹³Å³Ýáñ»Ý ëå³Ý»É, ÙáñûÉ: arguments ÷³ëï³ñÏÝ»ñáí å³ßïå³Ý»É:
butchery [΄but∫əri] n ëå³Ý¹³Ýáó. ÷Ëμ. buxom [΄bΛksəm] a ëÇñáõݳï»ë, ÃÙμÉÇÏ,
ç³ñ¹, Ïáïáñ³Í: Ù³ñÙÝ»Õ:
butler [΄bΛtlə] n ͳé³Û³å»ï, ëå³ë³íáñ- buy [bai] v ·Ý»É, ³éÝ»É, Ó»éù μ»ñ»É. ~ a new
Ý»ñÇ å»ï: dress Ýáñ ѳ·áõëï ·Ý»É. (ϳ߳é»É) He can’t
butt I [bΛt] n Ù»Í ï³Ï³é (496, 96 ÉÇïñ be bought ܳ ³ÝÏ³ß³é ¿ ~ in Ù»Í
ï³ñáÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ). water ~ çñÇ ï³Ï³é: ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùμ ·Ý»É, å³ß³ñ å³ïñ³ë-
butt II [bΛt] n ѳëï ͳÛñ. ~ of a rifle ï»É. ~ in potatoes for the winter ÓÙ»éí³ Ñ³-
Ññ³ó³ÝÇ ÏáÃ. ~ of a cigarette Í˳ËáïÇ Ù³ñ ϳñïáýÇÉ å³ß³ñ»É. ~ off ³½³ïí»É,
Ùݳóáñ¹: ÷ñϳÝùáí ·Ýí»É. ~ off the rival Ùñó³ÏóÇÝ
butt III [bΛt] n Ý߳ݳϻï, ÃÇñ³Ë. ~s Ññ³- ϳ߳é»É. ~ out ÷ñϳ·Ýáí ³½³ïí»É. ~ up
Ó·³ñ³Ý. ͳÕñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ Ýß³í³Ï (³ÝÓ): ³Ù»Ý ÇÝãÁ ÉñÇí ·Ý»É. ~ a pig in a poke ·Ý»É
butt IV [bΛt] n ϻݹ. ï³÷³Ï³ÓáõÏ: ³é³Ýó ï»ëÝ»Éáõ. ËëÏó. ~ a white horse
butt [bΛt] v ·ÉËáí Ë÷(í)»É, ¹Çåã»É. åá½³- ÷áÕÁ ßé³ÛÉ»É:
ѳñ»É. ¹áõñë óóí»É. ~ in Ù»ç ÁÝÏÝ»É, ˳éÝ- buyer [΄baiə] n ·Ýáñ¹£
í»É. ~ into Áݹѳï»É, ÁݹÙÇç»É: buzz [bΛz] n μ½½áó, ï½½áó. ËëÏó. ßßáõÏ,
butter [΄bΛtə] n ÛáõÕ, ϳñ³·. ÷Ëμ. ßáÕá- ÷ë÷ëáó. give a ~ ½³Ý·»É. The ~ went round
ùáñÃáõÃÛáõÝ. boiled ~ Ñ³É³Í ÛáõÕ. spread ~ Èáõñ»ñ ¿ÇÝ åïïíáõÙ. ~ phrase ËëÏó. ·á-
on the bread ѳóÇÝ Ï³ñ³· ùë»É. bread and ~ í³½¹, ϳñ·³Ëáë:
buzz 127 Byzantine

buzz [bΛz] v μ½½³É, ï½½³É. ~ off Ñ»é³Ý³É. by-end [΄baiend] n ÏáÕÙݳÏÇ/·³ÕïÝÇ


~ along/about Ù»ÏÇ ßáõñçÁ åïïí»É: Ýå³ï³Ï:
buzzer [΄bΛzə] n ßã³Ï. ¹½½³óáÕ ¿É»Ïïñ³- bygone [΄baigɒn] a ³ÝóÛ³É, ³Ýó³Í. Let ~s
Ï³Ý Ñ³ñÙ³ñ³Ýù: be ~s ÂáÕ ³ÝóÛ³ÉÁ Ùáé³óíÇ:
by [bai] adv ÏáÕùÇÝ, ÙáïÇÏ. ÏáÕùáí, Ùáïáí. by-law [΄bailɔ:] n ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ûñ»Ýù/áñáßáõÙ.
He walked ~ me ܳ ³Ýó³í ÇÙ ÏáÕùáí. prep ~s ϳÝáݳ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
Ùáï, ÏÇó. ÏáÕÙÇó. ~ the window å³ïáõѳ- by-name [΄baineim] n ٳϳÝáõÝ:
ÝÇ Ùáï. The book was written by Tolstoy ¶Çñ- by-pass [΄baipa:s] n ßñç³Ýó (ݳ¨` ï»ÕÁ)
ùÁ ·ñí³Í ¿ñ îáÉëïáÛÇ ÏáÕÙÇó. ~ knife ¹³- ßñç³ÝóáõÙ. ßñç³ÝóÇÏ ×³Ý³å³ñÑ. ÑÙÏñ·.
ݳÏáí. (ųٳݳÏ. ¹»Ù, ÏáÕÙÁ) ~ the eve- ßñç³ÝóáõÙ Íñ³·ñáõÙ/³É·áñÇÃÙáõÙ:
ning »ñ»ÏáÛ³Ý ¹»Ù/ÏáÕÙ. ~ two o’clock ųÙÇ by-pass [΄baipa:s] v ßñç³Ýó»É, ÏáÕùáí
»ñÏáõëÇ ÏáÕÙÁ. (ÙÇçáóáí) ~ hard work ѳ- ³ÝóÝ»É. ÷Ëμ. áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ã¹³ñÓÝ»É,
Ù³é ³ß˳ï³Ýùáí. (Áëï) judge ~ appear- ³ñѳٳñÑ»É. We ~ed Paris Ø»Ýù ßñç³Ýó»-
ance Áëï ³ñï³ùÇÝÇ ¹³ï»É know ~ sight óÇÝù ö³ñǽÁ:
¹»Ùùáí ׳ݳã»É. (ï³Ï) read ~ candle ÙáÙÇ bypath [΄baipa:θ] n ÏáÕÙݳÏÇ/½³ñïáõÕÇ
ÉáõÛëÇ ï³Ï ϳñ¹³É. (Ó¨, ÙÇçáó, Ù»Ãá¹) ~ ׳ݳå³ñÑ. ÷Ëμ. ½³ñïáõÕÇ ÙÇçáó:
car/train/bus/airmail Ù»ù»Ý³Ûáí/·Ý³óùáí/ by-place [΄baipleis] n Ùáé³óáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ïÝ-
³íïáμáõëáí/³ídz÷áëïáí. one ~ one Ù»Ï í³Í ï»Õ, Ïïñí³Í ï»Õ:
³é Ù»Ï. pay ~ check ã»ùáí í׳ñ»É. go ~ the by-product [΄bai‚prɒdΛkt] n ÏáÕÙݳÏÇ
name of ³Ýí³Ý ï³Ï ѳÛïÝÇ ÉÇÝ»É. ~ acci- ³ñï³¹ñ³Ýù:
dent å³ï³Ñ³μ³ñ. ~ heart ³Ý·Çñ. We came by-road [΄bairəud] n ·ÛáõճϳÝ/»ñÏñáñ¹³-
~ Paris Ø»Ýù »Ï³Ýù ö³ñǽáí. (í³Ûñ ) a Ï³Ý Ý߳ݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»óáÕ ×³Ý³å³ñÑ:
house ~ the sea ïáõÝ ÍáíÇ ³÷ÇÝ. He is older bystander [΄bai‚stændə] n å³ï³Ñ³Ï³Ý
~ two years ܳ »ñÏáõ ï³ñáí Ù»Í ¿. pay ~ the íϳ, ¹Çïáñ¹. ~s Ý»ñϳ ·ïÝíáÕÝ»ñÁ:
month í׳ñ»É Áëï ³ÙëÇ. divide/multiple ~ bystreet [΄baistri:t] n ËáõÉ ÷áÕáó, Ýñμ³Ýóù:
three »ñ»ùáí μ³Å³Ý»É/μ³½Ù³å³ïÏ»É. ~ byte [bait] n ÑÙÏñ·. μ³ÛÃ` ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ùdz-
all accounts Áëï ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ. ~ her re- íáñ.
quest Ýñ³ Ëݹñ³Ýùáí. ~ the terms å³ÛÙ³Ý- byte instruction [bait in΄strΛk∫n] μ³Ûó-
Ý»ñáí. know ~ experience ÷áñÓáí/÷áñÓÇó ÛÇÝ Ññ³Ñ³Ý·.
ÇٳݳÉ. ~ the way Ç ÙÇçÇ ³ÛÉáó. ~ profession byte rate [bait reit] μ³ÛûñÇ ÷á˳ÝóÙ³Ý
Ù³ëݳ·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ùμ. ~ no means áã ÙÇ ¹»å- ³ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝ:
ùáõÙ. ~ and ~ ųٳݳÏÇ ÁÝóóùáõÙ, ³ë- byword [΄baiwə:d] n ³ë³óí³Íù, ³é³Ï
ïÇ׳ݳμ³ñ. ~ and large ÁݹѳÝáõñ ³é- (³ë»ÉÇù). He is a ~ for laziness Üñ³ ÍáõÉáõ-
Ù³Ùμ. ~ Jove/George! ²ëïí³Í íϳ: ÃÛáõÝÁ ³ë»ÉÇù ¿ ¹³ñÓ»É:
bye-bye [΄bai-bai] int ËëÏó. óÁ(ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ): by-work [΄baiwə:k] n ÏáÕÙݳÏÇ ³ß˳-
by-election [΄baii‚lek∫n] n Éñ³óáõóÇã ÁÝï- ï³Ýù:
ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: Byzantine [bi΄zæntain] a, n μÛáõ½³Ý¹³Ï³Ý,
μÛáõ½³Ý¹³óÇ:
128

C
C, c [si:] n ³Ý·É»ñ»Ý ³Ûμáõμ»ÝÇ »ññáñ¹ cackle [΄kækl] n (ѳíÇ) ÏãÏãáó. ÑéÑéáó. cut
ï³éÁ. »ñÅß. ”¹á” Ó³ÛݳÝÇßÁ: the ~ ËëÏó. ß³Õ³Ïñ³ï³Ýùǹ í»ñç ïáõñ:
cab I [kæb] n ï³ùëÇ. ~ of a lorry μ»éݳï³ñ cacophony [kə΄kɒfəni] n »ñÅß. ³ÝÝ»ñ¹³ß-
Ù»ù»Ý³ÛÇ í³ñáñ¹Ç ËóÇÏ. ~ rank ï³ùëáõ ݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ϳϳýáÝdz:
ϳݷ³é: cad [kæd] n ·é»ÑÇÏ/³Ýï³ß Ù³ñ¹. ëñÇϳ:
cab II [kæb] n »ñÏÃ. (ßá·»ù³ñßÇ) Ù»ù»Ý³- cadaver [kə΄dævə] n ¹Ç³Ï:
í³ñÇ /û¹³ãáõÇ ËóÇÏ: cadaverous [kə΄dævərəs] a ¹Ç³Ï³ÛÇÝ,
cabal [kə΄bæl] n ˳ñ¹³í³Ýù, ¹³í³¹ñáõ- Ù»é»É³ÛÇÝ, Ù»é»É³·áõÛÝ:
ÃÛáõÝ: caddish [΄kædi∫] a ëïáñ, ·é»ÑÇÏ. a ~ trick
cabbage [΄kæbidз] n ϳճÙμ. sour ~ ÃÃáõ ëïáñ ³ñ³ñù:
ϳճÙμ. ~ soup ϳճÙμ³åáõñ, μáñßã. ~ caddy [΄kædi] n û۳ïáõ÷:
head ϳճÙμÇ ·ÉáõË. ËëÏó. μóÙÇï, cadence [΄keidəns] n »ñÅß. ϳ¹»Ýódz,
ѳëï³·ÉáõË: í»ñç³μ³Ý, í»ñç³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ:
cabby [΄kæbi] ËëÏó. ϳé³å³Ý: cadet [kə΄det] n Ïñïë»ñ áñ¹Ç. ϳ¹»ï/ é³½-
cabin [΄kæbin] n ÑÛáõÕ³Ï, ïݳÏ. Íáí. ݳ- Ù³Ï³Ý ¹åñáóÇ áõë³ÝáÕ:
í³ë»ÝÛ³Ï, ݳí³Ëáõó. μ»éݳï³ñÇ í³- cadge [kædз] v Ùáõñ³É, »ñ»ëÁ åݹ»Éáí
ñáñ¹Ç, û¹³ãáõÇ, ßá·»ù³ñßÇ Ù»ù»Ý³í³ñÇ Ëݹñ»É. Ù³Ýñ ³é¨ïáõñ ³Ý»É. ~ cigarettes
ËóÇÏ. log ~ ·»ñ³Ý³ß»Ý ïݳÏ. ~ boy Íáí. Í˳Ëáï Ùáõñ³É. Can I ~ a meal/a bed of you
(ݳí³ËáõóÇ) ëå³ë³íáñ: ÆÝÓ ÏÏ»ñ³Ïñ»±ù/γñ»ÉDZ ¿ Ó»½ Ùáï ·Çß»-
cabinet [΄kæbinət] n óáõó³¹ñÙ³Ý å³Ñ³- ñ»É. I ~d a lift from her Êݹñ»óÇ ÇÝÓ Ù»-
ñ³Ý. é³¹ÇáÁݹáõÝÇãÇ ³ñÏÕ. ³ñÏÕÝ»ñáí ù»Ý³Ûáí ï³Ý»É:
·ñ³ë»Õ³Ý. ùÕù. ϳé³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ݳ˳- cadger [΄kædзə] n Ùáõñ³óáÕ. áõñÇßÇ Ñ³ßíÇÝ
ñ³ñÝ»ñÇ Ï³μÇÝ»ï. shadow ~ ëïí»ñ³ÛÇÝ ³åñáÕ. Ù³Ýñ³í³×³é:
ϳμÇÝ»ï. a ~ office ϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ß- cadmium [΄kædmiəm] n ùÇÙ. ϳ¹ÙÇáõÙ.
˳ï³Ï³½Ù: ϳåï³íáõÝ ëåÇï³Ï ·áõÛÝ:
cabinet-maker [΄kæbinət‚meikə] n ϳÑáõÛ- cadre [΄ka:də] n, pl ϳ¹ñ»ñ. ÏÙ³Ëù. ë˻ٳ:
ù³·áñÍ. ÏïÏ. åñ»ÙÇ»ñ ÙÇÝÇëïñ, í³ñã³- cafe [΄kæfei] n ëñ׳ñ³Ý, ϳý»:
å»ï: cafeteria [‚kæfə΄tiəriə] n ëñ׳ñ³Ý-ݳ˳-
cable [΄keibl] n ×áå³Ý, å³ñ³Ý. ¿É., Ñ»é. ׳߳ñ³Ý:
Ù³ÉáõË (ϳμ»É), ѻ鳷Çñ. ~ railway ×áå³- cage [keidз] 1. n í³Ý¹³Ï. ÷Ëμ. μ³Ýï. keep
ÝáõÕÇ: a bird in a ~ ÃéãáõÝÇÝ í³Ý¹³ÏáõÙ å³Ñ»É. 2.
cable [΄keibl] v ѻ鳷ñ»É. ÃáÏáí/å³ñ³Ýáí v í³Ý¹³ÏÇ Ù»ç ¹Ý»É. ÷Ëμ. μ³Ýï³ñϻɣ
³Ùñ³óÝ»É: cagey [΄keidзi] a ËëÏó. ½·áõÛß, ßñç³Ñ³Û³ó.
cabman [΄kæbmən] n ï³ùëáõ í³ñáñ¹, be pretty ~ with smn Ù»ÏÇ Ñ»ï ½·áõßáõÃÛ³Ùμ
ϳé³å³Ý: í³ñí»É:
cabotage [΄kæbəta:з] n Íáí. Íáí»½ñÛ³ ݳ- cahoots [kə΄hu:ts] n ËëÏó. ѳÝó³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ.
í³·Ý³óáõÃÛáõÝ: be in ~s with smb Ù»ÏÇ Ñ»ï ѳٳӳÛÝáõ-
cabriolet [΄kæbriəlei] n (Ïñ×. cab) »ñϳÝÇí ÃÛ³Ý ·³É:
ϳéù, ϳμñÇáÉ»ï: cajole [kə΄dзəul] v ѳÙá½»É (˳μϳÝùáí).
cabstand [΄kæbstænd] n ϳݷ³é (ï³ùëÇ- ~ smn into ѳÙá½»É ÇÝã-áñ μ³Ý ³Ý»É:
Ý»ñÇ): cajolement [kə΄dзəulmənt] n ˳μ»ÉÁ, ßáÕá-
cache [kæ∫] n ·³Õïݳñ³Ý, å³Ñ»ëï. ~ of ùáñûÉáí ѳÙá½»ÉÁ:
stores/arms ÙûñùÇ/½»ÝùÇ ·³ÕïÝÇ å³- cake [keik] n ïáñÃ, Ï»ùë, ÃËí³Íù. layer ~
Ñ»ëï. ÑÙÏñ·. Ù»Í Í³í³ÉÇ ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ß»ñï³íáñ ïáñÃ/ÃËí³Íù. ~s and ale áõñ³-
ù»ß: ËáõÃÛáõÝ. go like hot ~s ɳí í³×³éí»É. take
caked 129 call

the ~ ѳÕÃáÕ ¹áõñë ·³É. (Ïïáñ) ~ of soap ÇÝï»·ñ³É ѳßíáõÙ:


ÙÇ Ïïáñ û׳é: calendar [΄kæləndə] n ûñ³óáõÛó. »Ï»Õ. ïá-
caked [keikd] a (ÇÝã-áñ μ³Ýáí) å³ïí³Í: ݳóáõÛó. Çñ³í. Éëí»ÉÇù ·áñÍ»ñÇ óáõó³Ï.
Shoes are ~ with mud ÎáßÇÏÝ»ñÁ ó»Ëáï »Ý: ÑÙÏñ·. ѳßÇí:
caky [keiki] a Ù³ÍáõóÇÏ, ÏåãáõÝ: calf I [ka:f] n ÑáñÃ. Ó³· (÷ÕÇ, Ï»ïÇ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ).
calamitous [kə΄læmitəs] a ³Õ»ï³ÉÇ, Ïáñ- in/with ~ ÑÕÇ (Ïáí). golden ~ ÷Ëμ. áëÏ»
ͳݳñ³ñ, íݳë³μ»ñ: ÑáñÃ:
calamity [kə΄læməti] n ³Õ»ï, ¹Åμ³Ëïáõ- calf II [ka:f] n ϽÙË. ëñÝù³ÙÇë:
ÃÛáõÝ: calf-love [΄ka:flΛv] n Ù³ÝϳϳÝ/å³ï³Ý»-
calcareous [kæl΄keəriəs] a Ïñ³ÛÇÝ: Ï³Ý ë»ñ:
calcification [‚kælsifi΄kei∫n] n ϳñÍñ³óáõÙ, calfskin [΄ka:fskin] n ÑáñÃÇ Ï³ßÇ:
Ïñ³Ï³ÉáõÙ: calibrate [΄kæləbreit] v ïñ³Ù³ã³÷»É, ³ë-
calcify [΄kælsifai] v ϳñÍñ³óÝ»É, ϳñÍñ³- ïÇ׳ݳíáñ»É, ×ßï»É:
ݳÉ, Ïñ³Ï³É»É: calibration [‚kælə΄brei∫n] n ïñ³Ù³ã³÷áõÙ,
calcination [‚kælsi΄nei∫n] n ï»Ë. ϳÉóÇݳ- ³ëïÇ׳ݳíáñáõÙ, ×ßïáõÙ:
óáõÙ, Ïñ³óáõÙ: calibre [΄kæləbə] n ïñ³Ù³ã³÷, ϳÉÇμñ.
calcine [΄kælsain] v ï»Ë. ϳÉóÇݳóÝ»É, ÷Ëμ. ³ñųÝÇù. There are few men of his ~
Ïñ³óÝ»É: Üñ³ ÝÙ³Ý Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ ß³ï ã»Ý:
calcium [΄kælsiəm] n ùÇÙ. ϳÉóÇáõÙ, Ïñ³- calico [΄kælikəu] n ÏáÉ»ÝÏáñ (Ïïáñ»Õ»Ý).
ÍÇÝ: ãÇÃ:
calculability [‚kælkjulə΄biliti] n ѳßí»ÉÇáõ- caliph [΄keilif] n ³ÙÇñ³å»ï, ˳ÉÇý:
ÃÛáõÝ: caliphate [΄kælifeit] n ˳ÉÇý³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ:
calculable [΄kælkjuləbl] a ѳßí»ÉÇ, ã³÷»ÉÇ, calk [kɔ:k] n å³Ûï³ë»å:
íëï³Ñ»ÉÇ: calk [kɔ:k] v å³Ûï»É:
calculate [΄kælkjuleit] v ѳßí»É, ѳßí³ñ- call [kɔ:l] n Ïáã, ϳÝã, ×Çã. ~s for help û·Ýáõ-
Ï»É. ~ expenses ͳËë»ñÁ ѳßí³ñÏ»É. ~ a be- ÃÛ³Ý ×Çã»ñ. the ~ of a nightingale ëá˳ÏÇ
nefit/a pension Ýå³ëïÇ/Ãáß³ÏÇ ã³÷Á áñá- »ñ·Á. give a ~ ³ñÃݳóÝ»É. Give me a ~ at five
ß»É. ~ for effect ³½¹»óáõÃÛ³Ý ÑáõÛë áõÝ»- o’clock ÆÝÓ ³ñÃݳóñ»ù Å. ÑÇÝ·ÇÝ. The ac-
ݳÉ/ÝϳïÇ áõݻݳÉ. ~ to arrive in time ÑáõÛë tress took five (curtain) ~s ¸»ñ³ë³ÝáõÑáõÝ
áõÝ»Ý³É Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÇÝ Ñ³ëÝ»É: ÑÇÝ· ³Ý·³Ù μ»Ù Ññ³íÇñ»óÇÝ: Whose ~ ?
calculated [΄kælkjuleitid] a ѳßí³ñÏí³Í, ÃÕÃË. à±í ¿ ³ëáõÙ/ѳÕóÃáõÕà ѳÛï³-
Ùï³¹ñí³Í. Çñ³í. ϳÝ˳Ùï³Íí³Í. a ~ ñ³ñáõÙ (ÃÕó˳ÕáõÙ). (Ñ»é³Ëáë³Ï³Ýã,
insult ¹Çï³íáñÛ³É íÇñ³íáñ³Ýù: ½³Ý·) home ~ Ñ»é³Ëáë³½³Ý· ïáõÝ. night
calculating [΄kælkjuleitiŋ] a ѳßí»Ýϳï, ~ ·Çß»ñ³ÛÇÝ Ñ»é³Ëáë³½³Ý·. take a tele-
ËݳÛáÕ: phone/the telephone ~ Ñ»é³ËáëÇ ½³Ý·ÇÝ
calculating-machine [΄kælkjuleitiŋ- å³ï³ë˳ݻÉ. I’ll wait your ~ Îëå³ë»Ù
mə‚∫i:n] n ѳßíÇã Ù»ù»Ý³: Ó»ñ ½³Ý·ÇÝ. There is a ~ for you Ò»½ Ñ»é³-
calculation [‚kælkju΄lei∫n] n ѳßíáõÙ, ѳß- ËáëÇ Ùáï »Ý Ï³ÝãáõÙ. I’ll take the ~ ºë
í³ñÏáõÙ. on a rough ~ ݳËݳϳÝ/Ùáï³- Ïí»ñóݻ٠Éë³÷áÕÁ. (³Ûó»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ) pay a ~
íáñ ѳßí³ñÏÝ»ñáí. make a mistake in ~ ³Ûó»É»É. The doctor has several ~s ´ÅÇßÏÁ ÙÇ
ѳßí³ñÏáõÙ ë˳Éí»É. be out in one’s ~s ù³ÝÇ ³Ûó/ϳÝã áõÝÇ Ï³ï³ñ»Éáõ. (ϳÝã/»É/)
ëË³É Ñ³ßí³ñÏ Ï³ï³ñ»É. by my ~(s) ÇÙ The teacher ~ed on me today ²Ûëûñ ¹³ë³ïáõÝ
ѳßÇíÝ»ñáí. That didn’t enter my ~s ¸³ ÇÙ ÇÝÓ Ï³Ýã»ó. a ~ to arms ½»ÝùÇ Ïáã»ÉÁ/Ïáã
ѳßÇíÝ»ñÇ Ù»ç ã¿ñ ÙïÝáõÙ: ³Ý»ÉÁ. (å³Ñ³Ýç) There is no ~ for such goods
calculator [΄kælkjuleitə] n ѳßíÇã/ѳßíáÕ ²Ûë ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ å³Ñ³Ýç ãϳ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~
Ù»ù»Ý³. ϳÉÏáõÉÛ³ïáñ: by pattern ϳÝã Áëï ïñí³Í ûñÇݳÏÇ. ~ by
calculus [΄kælkjuləs] n Ù³Ã. ѳßíáõÙ. μÅßÏ. reference ÑÕáõÙáí ϳÝã. ~ library ϳÝã»ñÇ
ù³ñ (»ñÇϳÙáõÙ, Ùǽ³÷³Ù÷áõßïáõÙ). dif- ·ñ³¹³ñ³Ý:
ferential ~ ï³ñμ»ñ³Ï³Ý ѳßíáõÙ. integral ~ call [kɔ:l] v ϳÝã»É, Ïá㠳ݻÉ. ~ a taxi/a doc-
call box 130 camel

tor ï³ùëÇ/μÅÇßÏ Ï³Ýã»É. ~ me at seven ÆÝÓ callipers [΄kælipəz] n pl ϳñÏÇÝ:


Å. 7-ÇÝ ³ñÃݳóñ»ù. (½³Ý·»É) He ~ed me up callosity [kə΄lɒsəti] n Ïáßï³óáõÙ, ÏáßïáõÏ.
from London ܳ ÇÝÓ ½³Ý·»ó ÈáݹáÝÇó. ÷Ëμ. ÏáåïáõÃÛáõÝ (½·³óÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ):
(³Ýí³Ý»É, Ïáã»É) be ~ed ³Ýí³Ýí»É. They callous [΄kæləs] a Ïáßï³ó³Í, Ïáßï. ϳñÍ-
~ed the child Mary ºñ»Ë³ÛÇÝ Ø»ñÇ ³Ýí³Ý»- ñ³ëÇñï, ù³ñëÇñï:
óÇÝ. What is this ~ed in English? ²Ý·É»ñ»Ý ë³ callousness [΄kæləsnəs] n ÏáåïáõÃÛáõÝ,
ÇÝãå»±ë ¿ ÏáãíáõÙ. I ~ that an insult ºë ¹³ ù³ñëñïáõÃÛáõÝ:
íÇñ³íáñ³Ýù »Ù ѳٳñáõÙ. ~ smb bad na- call-over [΄kɔ:ləuvə] n ³Ýí³Ý³Ï³Ýã:
mes Ù»ÏÇÝ å³Ë³ñ³Ï»É/ѳÛÑáÛ»É. ~ things callow [΄kæləu] a ³Ý÷»ïáõñ. ÷Ëμ. ³Ý÷áñÓ
by their proper/right names Çñ»ñÝ Çñ»Ýó (Ù³ñ¹). a ~ youth Ë³Ï å³ï³ÝÇ:
³ÝáõÝÝ»ñáí Ïáã»É. ~ a meeting ÅáÕáí Ññ³- call-up [΄kɔ:lΛp] n ½ÇݳÏáã. My son has had
íÇñ»É. ~ a strike ·áñͳ¹áõÉ Ñ³Ûï³ñ³ñ»É. I his ~ àñ¹áõë μ³Ý³Ï »Ý ï³ñ»É:
can’t ~ it to mind â»Ù ϳñáÕ³ÝáõÙ ÑÇß»É. “to callus [΄kæləs] n ÏáßïáõÏ, Ïáßï³óáõÙ:
be ~ed for” óå³Ñ³Ýç (ݳٳÏ). Let’s ~ it a calm [ka:m] n ³Ý¹áññáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳݹ³ñïáõ-
day ËëÏó. ²Ûëûñí³ Ñ³Ù³ñ μ³í³Ï³Ý ¿, ÃÛáõÝ. dead ~ Ù»éÛ³É ³ÝÑáÕÙáõÃÛáõÝ, ϳ-
ѳٳ û ûñ ¿ñ. ~ hearts ÃÕÃË. ÷áëÇÏ Ñ³Û- ï³ñÛ³É ³Ýß³ñÅáõÃÛáõÝ:
ï³ñ³ñ»É. I hear smb ~ing ϳñÍ»ë ÇÝã-áñ calm [ka:m] a ѳݹ³ñï, ѳݷÇëï, ˳-
Ù»ÏÁ ϳÝãáõÙ ¿. (³Ûó»É»É ) The doctor ~ed Õ³Õ. a ~ night Ë³Õ³Õ ·Çß»ñ. ~ weather
yesterday ´ÅÇßÏÁ »ñ»Ï ³Ûó»É»ó. ~ away/back ѳݹ³ñï/³é³Ýó ù³Ùáõ »Õ³Ý³Ï. Keep ~!
h»ï ϳÝã»É. She ~ed me back ܳ ÇÝÓ h»ï ØÇ° Ñáõ½í»ù:
ϳÝã»ó. ~ for Ù»ÏÇ h»ï¨Çó ·³É, å³Ñ³Ýç»É calm [ka:m] v ˳ճջóÝ»É, ѳݷëï³óÝ»É.
What time shall I ~ for you? º±ñμ ·³Ù Ó»ñ ~ smb down ѳݷëï³óÝ»É ÇÝã-áñ Ù»ÏÇÝ. ~
h»ï¨Çó. This will ~ for explanation ê³ μ³- down ѳݷëï³Ý³É, ѳݹ³ñï³Ý³É (Íáí,
ó³ïñáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ å³Ñ³ÝçáõÙ. This ~s for ù³ÙÇ, Ù³ñ¹):
drink/celebration ê³ å»ïù ¿ Ýß»É/ËÙ»É. ~ off calmness [΄ka:mnəs] n ³Ý¹áññáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳÝ-
Ñ»ï ϳÝã»É, Ñ»ï³Ó·»É. ~ off a strike ·áñ- ¹³ñïáõÃÛáõÝ:
ͳ¹áõÉÁ Ñ»ï³Ó·»É. ~ on Ïá㠳ݻÉ, ¹ÇÙ»É. caloric [kə΄lɒrik] n, a ç»ñÙáõÃÛáõÝ, ç»ñÙ³-
The government ~ed on the citizens γé³í³- ÛÇÝ:
ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ïáã ³ñ»ó/¹ÇÙ»ó ù³Õ³ù³óÇÝ»- calorie [΄kæləri] n ýǽ. ϳÉáñdz:
ñÇÝ. ~ out ϳÝã»É, μ³ñÓñ³Ó³ÛÝ ³ë»É ~ out calorific [‚kælə΄rifik] a ç»ñÙ³ÛÇÝ. ~ capacity
the fire brigade Ññß»ç Ù»ù»Ý³ ϳÝã»É. ~ out ç»ñÙ³ï³ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ effect ç»ñÙáõݳÏáõ-
instructions μ³ñÓñ³Ó³ÛÝ Ññ³Ù³ÝÝ»ñ ³ñ- ÃÛáõÝ:
ӳϻÉ. ~ up ½ÇݳÏáã»É. I’ll ~ you up ºë í³- calorification [kə‚lɒrifi΄kei∫n] n ç»ñÙ³ñ-
ÕÁ Ͻ³Ý·»Ù ù»½. Çñ³í. ~ a witness íϳ ï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
ϳÝã»É: calorifics [‚kælə΄rifiks] n ç»ñÙ³ï»ËÝÇϳ:
call box [΄kɔ:lbΛks] n Ñ»é. ³íïáÙ³ï Ñ»- calorimeter [‚kælə΄rimitə] n ýǽ. ϳÉá-
é³Ëáë, Ñ»é³Ëáë³ËóÇÏ. I’m speaking from ñdzã³÷:
a ~ ²íïáÙ³ïÇó »Ù ËáëáõÙ: calumniate [kə΄lΛmnieit] v ½ñå³ñï»É,
call-boy [΄kɔ:lbɔi] n ëå³ë³ñÏáÕ ïÕ³ (ݳ- ³ñ³ï³íáñ»É:
íáõÙ, ÑÛáõñ³ÝáóáõÙ): calumniator [kə΄lΛmnieitə] n ½ñå³ñïÇã:
call-down [΄kɔ:ldaun] n ³Ù. ѳݹÇÙ³Ýáõ- calumniatory [kə΄lΛmniətəri] a ½ñå³ñï-
ÃÛáõÝ: ã³Ï³Ý:
caller [΄kɔ:lə] n ³Ûó»Éáõ, ÑÛáõñ. ½³Ý·³Ñ³- calumny [΄kæləmni] n ½ñå³ñïáõÃÛáõÝ:
ñáÕ: calve [ka:v] v Ñáñà ÍÝ»É, Ó³· μ»ñ»É:
calligraphy [kə΄ligrəfi] n ·»Õ³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ, calvish [΄ka:vi∫] a ÑáñóÛÇÝ, ÑáñÃÇ. ÷Ëμ.
í³Û»Éã³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ: ÑÇÙ³ñ:
calling [΄kɔ:liŋ] n ÏáãáõÙ, Ù³ëݳ·Çïáõ- calyx [΄keiliks] n μëμ. ͳÕϳμ³Å³Ï:
ÃÛáõÝ, ½μ³ÕÙáõÝù. ³é³ç³ñÏ. Ññ³í»ñ (Åá- cambric [΄keimbrik] n μ³ïÇëï:
ÕáíÇ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ): camel [΄kæml] n áõÕï. break the ~‘s back ѳÙ-
cameleer 131 candidate

μ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý μ³Å³ÏÁ ÉóÝ»É. ~ hair áõÕïÇ ÉÇÝ»É. It ~’t be true ²ÝÑݳñÇÝ ¿, ãÇ Ï³ñáÕ
μáõñ¹: å³ï³Ñ»É. I ~’t imagine â»Ù ϳñáÕ å³ï-
cameleer [‚kæmi΄liə] n áõÕï³å³Ý: Ï»ñ³óÝ»É. You can’t mean that ²ÝÑݳñÇÝ ¿,
camellia [kə΄mi:liə] n μëμ. ϳٻÉdz: ¹áõ ¹³ ÝϳïÇ ãáõÝ»ë. ~ but ѳٻݳÛÝ
cameo [΄kæmiəu] n ½³ñ¹³ù³Ý¹³Ï, ù³ñ/ ¹»åë, ÙdzÛÝ. It can’t be helped àãÇÝã ãÇ
Ë»óÇ, ϳٻ³: ϳñ»ÉÇ ³Ý»É. I can’t but ... â»Ù ϳñáÕ ... I
camera [΄kæmərə] n Éáõë³Ýϳñã³Ï³Ý can’t help doing smth â»Ù ϳñáÕ ã³Ý»É (ÇÝã-
³å³ñ³ï. ËóÇÏ. ¹³ï³íáñÇ ³é³ÝÓݳ- áñ μ³Ý). (Ëݹñ³Ýù) C~/Could you open the
ë»ÝÛ³Ï. in ~ ¹éÝ÷³Ï: door? ¸áõéÁ μ³ó»ù, Ëݹñ»Ù. ¸áõéÁ ã¿Ç±ù
camera-man [΄kæmrəmæn] n ÏÇÝáûå»ñ³- μ³óÇ. ~ I speak to Mary? γñá±Õ »Ù Ø»ñÇÇ
ïáñ, ýáïáÃÕóÏÇó: Ñ»ï Ëáë»É. (ÃáõÛÉïíáõÃÛáõÝ) You can’t smoke
camion [΄kæmiən] n ë³ÛÉ, μ»éݳï³ñ ³í- here ²Ûëï»Õ ãÇ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ÍË»É. You ~ go now
ïáÙ»ù»Ý³: ²ÛÅ٠ϳñáÕ »ë ·Ý³É. (ÁݹѳÝñ³óáõÙ) She
camomile [΄kæməmail] n μëμ. »ñÇóáõÏ ~ tea ~ be very rude ܳ ϳñáÕ ¿ ß³ï ÏáåÇï
»ñÇóáõÏÇ ÃáõñÙ: ÉÇÝ»É. It ~ be very cold here ²Ûëï»Õ ß³ï
camouflage [΄kæməfla:з] n, v ùáÕ³ñÏáõÙ. óáõñï ¿ ÉÇÝáõÙ. You could try phoning γñ»ÉÇ
é½Ù. ¨ ÷Ëμ. ùáÕ³ñÏ»É: ¿ ÷áñÓ»É ½³Ý·³Ñ³ñ»É:
camp [kæmp] n ׳Ùμ³ñ. enemy ~ Ãßݳٳ- can[kæn] v å³Ñ³ÍáÛ³óÝ»É:
Ï³Ý ×³Ùμ³ñ. internment ~ é³½Ù³·»ñÇÝ»ñÇ Canadian [kə΄neidən] n, a ϳݳ¹³óÇ,
׳Ùμ³ñ. ~ out μ³óûÃÛ³ ³åñ»É. ~ out, go ϳݳ¹³Ï³Ý:
~ing ³ñß³í ·Ý³É ·Çß»ñ»Éáí. go for a ~ing canal [kə΄næl] n çñ³Ýóù, áéá·Ù³Ý ³éáõ. ir-
holiday ³ñÓ³Ïáõñ¹Ý ³ÝóϳóÝ»ÉïáõñÇë- rigation/ship ~ áéá·Ù³Ý/Ý³í³·Ý³óáõÃÛ³Ý
ï³Ï³Ý ³ñß³íÝ»ñáõÙ. at the ~ ׳Ùμ³ñáõÙ: çñ³Ýóù. ϽÙË. ËáÕáí³Ï, ³Ýóù. alimentary
camping [΄kæmpiŋ] n ù»Ù÷ÇÝ·: ~ Ï»ñ³Ïñ³÷áÕ, áñÏáñ:
campaign [kæm΄pein] n ù³ñá½³ñß³í, ³ñ- canalization [‚kænəlai΄zei∫n] n ÏáÛáõÕÇ.
ß³í. political/military/electoral ~ ù³Õ³ù³- çñ³ÝóùÇ ³ÝóϳóáõÙ:
ϳÝ/é³½Ù³Ï³Ý ù³ñá½³ñß³í/ÁÝïñ³ñ- canary [kə΄neəri] n, a ¹»ÕÓ³ÝÇÏ. μ³ó ¹»-
ß³í. elections ~ ÁÝïñ³ñß³í. launch a ~ ÕÇÝ:
ù³ñá½³ñß³í ëÏë»É/Ó»éݳñÏ»É: cancel [΄kænsl] v ã»ÕÛ³É Ñ³Ù³ñ»É, çÝç»É.
campaigner [kæm΄peinə] n ϳÙå³- Çñ³í. ã»Õ³ñÏ»É ~ a stamp ݳٳϳÝÇßÁ
ÝdzÛÇ/³ñß³íÇ Ù³ëݳÏÇó: Ù³ñ»É. ~ the booking å³ïí»ñÁ ã»ÕÛ³É Ñ³-
camp-bed [‚kæmp΄bed] n ß³ñųϳÝ/ͳÉá- Ù³ñ»É. ~ one’s leave ³ñÓ³Ïáõñ¹Á Ñ»ï³-
íÇ Ù³Ñ׳ϳÉ, íñ³Ý³Ù³ÑÇ×: Ó·»É. ~ the paragraph í»ñ³óÝ»É å³ñ³·ñ³-
camp-chair [‚kæmp΄t∫eə] n (ݳ¨ª camp ýÁ/å³ñμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ. ~ a debt å³ñïù»ñÁ
stool) ͳÉáíÇ ³Ãáé: ã»ÕÛ³É Ñ³Ù³ñ»É. ~ a match ˳ÕÁ/ѳݹÇ-
camp-fever [΄kæmp‚fi:və] n μͳíáñ ïÇý: åáõÙÁ Ñ»ï³Ó·»É. Ù³Ã. Ïñ׳ï(í)»É:
camp-fire [΄kæmp‚faiə] n ׳Ùμ³ñ³ÛÇÝ cancellation [‚kænsə΄lei∫n] n í»ñ³óáõÙ,
˳ñáõÛÏ: áãÝã³óáõÙ, ã»ÕÛ³É Ñ³Ù³ñ»ÉÁ. ÑÙÏñ·.
camphor [΄kæmfə] n ϳÙýáñ³: çÝçáõÙ. Let me know if there are any ~s î»Õ-
campus [΄kæmpəs] n ³Ù. ѳٳÉë³ñ³- Û³Ï å³Ñ»ù, »Ã» áñ¨¿ Ù»ÏÁ Ññ³Å³ñíÇ/ã»Õ-
ÝÇ/¹åñáóÇ ï³ñ³Íù, ѳٳÉë³ñ³Ý³Ï³Ý Û³É Ñ³Ù³ñíÇ. Çñ³í. ~ clause å³Ûٳݳ·ñÇ
ù³Õ³ù: ã»Õ³ñÏÙ³Ý ¹ñáõÛÃ. Ù³Ã. Ïñ׳ïáõÙ:
can [kæn] n μǹáÝ. ÃÇûÕÛ³ ³Ù³Ý. å³Ñ³- cancer [΄kænsə] n μÅßÏ. ù³ÕóÏ»Õ:
ÍáÛÇ ïáõ÷. å³Ñ³Íá. garbage ~ ³Õμ³ñÏÕ: candescent [kæn΄desnt] a Éáõë³ß»Ï:
can [kæn, kən] v ϳñáճݳÉ, Ç íÇ׳ÏÇ ÉÇ- candid [΄kændid] a ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ, å³ñ½³ëÇñï.
Ý»É. if I ~ »Ã» ϳñáÕ »Ù/ϳñáճݳÙ. as be quite ~ ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ ³ë³Í:
quick as you ~ áñù³Ý ϳñáÕ »ë ³ñ³·. candidacy [΄kændidəsi] n ûÏݳÍáõÃÛáõÝ.
(Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ýѳí³Ý³Ï³Ýáõ- withdrawal of ~ ûÏݳÍáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ý»ÉÁ:
ÃÛáõÝ) Where ~ it be? àñï»±Õ ³ÛÝ Ï³ñáÕ ¿ candidate [΄kændideit] n ûÏݳÍáõ. ~` for a
candidature 132 canvass

post å³ßïáÝÇ Ã»ÏݳÍáõ. nominate a ~ ÃÛáõÝ, Ññ³ÝáóÛÇÝ Ïñ³Ï:


ûÏݳÍáõÃÛáõÝ ³é³ç³¹ñ»É. back up the ~ cannon-ball [΄kænənbɔ:l] n Ññ³ÝáÃÇ
ûÏݳÍáõÇÝ å³ßïå³Ý»É. ~s ûÏݳÍáõÝ»- ·Ý¹³Ï:
ñÁ, ùÝÝíáÕÝ»ñÁ. ~ for a degree ·Çï³Ï³Ý cannoneer [‚kænə΄niə] n Ññ»ï³ÓÇ·, Ññ»-
³ëïÇ×³Ý Ñ³ÛóáÕ: ï³Ý³íáñ:
candidature [΄kændidət∫ə] n ûÏݳÍáõ- cannon-fodder [΄kænən‚fɒdə] n Ãݹ³ÝáÃÇ
ÃÛáõÝ: ÙÇë:
candied [΄kændid] a ß³ù³ñ³å³ïí³Í, canny [΄kæni] a ׳ñåÇÏ, Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏ.
ß³ù³ñ³Í: ½·áõÛß:
candle [΄kændl] n ÙáÙ. light/blow out a ~ í³- canoe [kə΄nu:] n Ù³ÏáõÛÏ, ݳí³Ï. paddle
é»É/ѳݷóÝ»É ÙáÙÁ. not fit to hold a ~ »ÕáõÝ- one’s own ~ ³Ýí³Ë ·áñÍ»É, ÇÝùÝáõñáõÛÝ
·ÇÝ ³ñųÝÇ ãÉÇÝ»É. burn the ~ at both ends ÉÇÝ»É:
ÏÛ³ÝùÁ í³ïÝ»É: canon [΄kænən] n ϳÝáÝ, ã³÷³ÝÇß. »Ï»Õ»-
candle-end [΄kændlend] n ÙáÙÇ Ùݳóáñ¹: ó³Ï³Ý »ñ·. ~ law »Ï»Õ»ó³Ï³Ý Çñ³íáõÝù:
candlelight [΄kændllait] n ÙáÙÇ ÉáõÛë. by ~ canonical [kə΄nɒnikl] a ϳÝáݳϳÝ:
ÙáÙÇ ÉáõÛëÇ ï³Ï: canonize [΄kænənaiz] v ëñμ³óÝ»É, ëáõñμ
candlestick [΄kændlstik] n ÙáٳϳÉ, ³ß- ѳÛï³ñ³ñ»É:
ï³Ý³Ï: canopener [΄kæn‚əup(ə)nə] n å³Ñ³ÍáÛÇ
candour [΄kændə] n ³ÝÏ»ÕÍáõÃÛáõÝ, å³ñ- μ³Ý³ÉÇ/¹³Ý³Ï:
½³ëñïáõÃÛáõÝ: canopy [΄kænəpi] n ³ÙåÑáí³ÝÇ, ͳÍÏ.
candy [΄kændi] n ë³éݳ߳ù³ñ, ݳμ³Ã. ÷Ëμ. »ñÏÇÝù, »ñÏݳϳٳñ:
ÏáÝý»ï, ù³Õóñ³í»ÝÇù: cant [kænt] n ͳÍϳɻ½áõ, ųñ·áÝ (·áÕ»ñÇ
cane [kein] n »Õ»·, »Õ»·Ý³÷³Ûï. Ó»éݳ- ¨ ³ÛÉÝ). ¹³ï³ñÏ Ëáëù»ñ:
÷³Ûï. sugar ~ ß³ù³ñ»Õ»·. ~ furniture ÑÛáõë- cant [kænt] n ûùáõÃÛáõÝ, ûùí³Íù. ß»ÕáõÙ:
í³Í ϳÑáõÛù: cantankerous [kən΄tæŋkərəs] a Ïéí³ñ³ñ:
cane[kein] v ÷³Ûïáí Ë÷»É. »Õ»·ÝÇó ÑÛáõ- canteen [kæn΄ti:n] n μáõý»ï/׳߳ñ³Ý
ë»É: (ÑÇÙݳñÏÇ Ý»ñëáõÙ). Ùûñ³ÛÇÝ Ë³ÝáõÃ
cane-sugar [΄kein‚∫ugə] n »Õ»·Ý³ß³ù³ñ: (½áñ³Ù³ëáõÙ):
canful [΄kænful] n ÙÇ ÉÇùÁ μǹáÝ: canter I [΄kæntə] n ųñ·áÝáí ËáëáÕ. Ï»Õ-
canine [΄keinain] a ßݳÛÇÝ, ß³Ý. ~ hunger ͳíáñ, »ñ»ëå³ßï:
·³ÛÉÇ ³ËáñųÏ. ß³Ý å»ë ëáí³Í ~ tooth canter II [΄kæntə] n ù³é³ïñá÷/ûè ³ñ-
ßݳï³Ù: ß³í. win in/at a ~ Ñ»ßïáõÃÛ³Ùμ ѳÕóݳÏ
canister [΄kænistə] n Ù»ï³Õ» ïáõ÷/ ï³Ý»É:
³ñÏÕ: canterbury [΄kæntəbəri] n ¹³ñ³Ï. (·ñù»-
cannabis [kænəbis] n Ù³ñÇËáõ³Ý³: ñÇ, ÃÕûñÇ) ÷áùñ å³Ñ³ñ³Ý:
canned [kænd] a å³Ñ³ÍáÛ³Í/å³Ñ³ÍáÛ³ó- canticle [΄kæntikl] n ÏñáÝ. »ñ·, ûñÑÝ»ñ·:
ñ³Í. ~ food å³Ñ³Íá. ~ meat/vegetables/fish canting [΄kæntiŋ] a »ñÏ»ñ»ë³ÝÇ, Ï»Õͳ-
å³Ñ³ÍáÛ³óí³Í ÙÇë/μ³Ýç³ñ»Õ»Ý/ÓáõÏ. ~ íáñ:
music Ó³Ûݳ·ñí³Í »ñ³ÅßïáõÃÛáõÝ. He ‘s ~ canto [΄kæntəu] n μÝëï. »ñ·, ï³Õ:
ܳ ѳñμ³Í ¿£ cantonment [kən΄tu:nmənt] n é½Ù. μ³ñ³Ï.
canned software [kænd΄sɔftweə] ÑÙÏñ·. winter ~ ÓÙ»é³ÛÇÝ μ³ñ³ù. Ùßï³Ï³Ý ׳Ù-
ëï³Ý¹³ñï Íñ³·ñ³ÛÇÝ ³å³ÑáíáõÙ: μ³ñ:
cannery [΄kænəri] n å³Ñ³ÍáÝ»ñÇ ·áñͳ- canvas [΄kænvəs] n Ïï³í, Ýϳñ. ù³Ã³Ý.
ñ³Ý: ϳÝí³, Ñ»Ýù. Íáí. ³é³·³ëïÝ»ñ. under ~
cannibal [΄kænibl] n Ù³ñ¹³Ï»ñ: Íáí. ³é³·³ëï³ñÓ³Ï. é½Ù. íñ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ:
cannibalism [΄kænibə‚lizm] n Ù³ñ¹³Ï»ñáõ- canvass [΄kænvəs] n ùÝݳñÏáõÙ, íÇ׳μ³-
ÃÛáõÝ: ÝáõÙ. Ó³ÛÝ»ñÇ Ý³ËÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³í³ù:
cannon [΄kænən] n Ññ³ÝáÃ, Ãݹ³ÝáÃ: canvass [΄kænvəs] v Ó³ÛÝ»ñ ѳí³ù»É.
cannonade [‚kænə΄neid] n Ññ»ï³ÏáÍáõ- ùÝݳñÏ»É, íÇ׳μ³Ý»É. ~ opinion ѳë³ñ³-
canyon 133 captain

Ï³Ï³Ý Ï³ñÍÇùÁ å³ñ½»É. ~ for smb Ù»ÏÇ cape [keip] n ÃÇÏÝáó. ϳݳóÇ ÃÇÏÝáó ûÓÇ-
û·ïÇÝ ù³ñá½³ñß³í ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñå»É. ~ for ùáí. a ~ with a hood ·É˳Ýáóáí ÃÇÏÝáó:
orders Ó·ï»É å³ïí»ñÝ»ñ Ó»éù μ»ñ»É. ~ for caper [΄keipə] n ³ñ³ñù, ã³ñ³××ÇáõÃÛáõÝ.
a job ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ѳí³ù³·ñ»É: cut ~s Ë»Õϳï³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É:
canyon [΄kænjən] n ÏÇñ×, Óáñ: caper [΄keipə] n ϳå³é:
cap [kæp] n Ï»åÇ, ·É˳ñÏ, ·¹³Ï. put on/take capful [΄kæpful] n ÙÇ ·É˳ñÏ ÉÇùÁ:
off /wear a ~ ·É˳ñÏ Ñ³·Ý»É/ѳݻÉ/Ïñ»É. capillary [kə΄piləri] n, a Ù³½³ÝáÃ. Ù³½³-
woolen/knitted/fur/bathing ~ μñ¹»/·áñͳÍ/ ÝáóÛÇÝ. Ù³½Ç ÝÙ³Ý μ³ñ³Ï:
Ùáñû/ÉáÕÇ ·É˳ñÏ. snow ~ ÷Ëμ. ÓÝ» capital [΄kæpitl] n Ù³Ûñ³ù³Õ³ù (ݳ¨ª ~
·É˳ñÏ. fore-and-aft ~ û¹³ãáõÇ ·É˳ñÏ. ~ city).
and gown ³Ý·ÉÇ³Ï³Ý áõë³ÝáÕÝ»ñÇ ¨ ¹³- capital [΄kæpitl] 1. n ýÇÝ. ϳåÇï³É, ¹ñ³-
ë³ËáëÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³½·»ëï. ~ of petrol tank Ù³·ÉáõË. basic ~ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ¹ñ³Ù³·ÉáõË.
μ»Ý½³Ù³ÝÇ Ï³÷³ñÇã. ~ and bells ͳÕ- (ݳ¨ª ~ assets). fixed/floating, circulating/in-
ñ³ÍáõÇ Ã³ë³Ï: dustrial/initial ~ ѳëï³ïáõÝ/ßñç³Ý³-
capability [‚keipə΄biləti] n ÁݹáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ, éáõ/³ñ¹Ûáõݳμ»ñ³Ï³Ý/ëϽμݳϳÝ
ϳñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ based addressing ϳåÇï³É. invest/double ~
ٳݹ³ï³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ëó»³íáñáõÙ. ~ list Ñݳ-
Ý»ñ¹Ý»É/ÏñÏݳå³ïÏ»É Ï³åÇï³ÉÁ. return
ñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ãí³ñÏáõÙ. ~ testing
on ~ ß³Ñ Ý»ñ¹ñí³Í ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇó. share ~
ýáõÝÏóÇáÝ³É Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï»ë-
μ³ÅÝ»ïÇñ³Ï³Ý ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ: 2.
ï³íáñáõÙ:
a ÑÇÙݳñ³ñ, ÑÇÙݳϳÝ, ·É˳íáñ. ~ error
capable [΄keipəbl] a ÁݹáõݳÏ, ßÝáñѳÉÇ. be ׳ϳﳷñ³Ï³Ý ë˳É. ~ punishment
~ of anything/every wickedness ³Ù»Ý ÇÝãÇ/
ٳѳå³ïÇÅ. ~ crime ٳѳå³ïÅÇ
³Ù»Ý ëïáñáõÃÛ³Ý ÁݹáõÝ³Ï ÉÇÝ»É. The plan
»Ýóϳ ѳÝó³·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ (letter)
is ~ of improvement Ìñ³·ÇñÁ Ñݳñ³íáñ ¿
·É˳ï³é. ËëÏó. ·»ñ³½³Ýó:
μ³ñ»É³í»É/μ³ñ»÷áË»É:
capacious [kə΄pei∫əs] a Áݹ³ñÓ³Ï, ٻͳ- capitalize [΄kæpitəlaiz] v ýÇÝ. ϳåÇï³ÉÇ
í»ñ³Í»É. ~ on the errors of the rival firm
ͳí³É, ï³ñáÕáõݳÏ:
û·ïí»É Ùñó³ÏóáÕ ýÇñÙ³ÛÇ ë˳ÉÝ»ñÇó:
capacitate [kə΄pæsiteit] v ÁݹáõݳÏ/Çñ³-
í³½áñ ¹³ñÓÝ»É:
capitally [΄kæpitli] adv ·»ñ³½³Ýóáñ»Ý,
capacity [kə΄pæsəti] n ÁݹáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ. a ÑdzݳÉÇ Ï»ñåáí:
marked ~ for math Ýϳï»ÉÇ áõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ- capitation [‚kæpi΄tei∫n] n ·É˳ѳñÏ:
Ý»ñ ٳûٳïÇϳÛÇó. within ~ of any person capitulate [kə΄pitjuleit] v ³ÝÓݳïáõñ ÉÇÝ»É,
³Ù»Ý Ù³ñ¹áõ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý ë³ÑÙ³Ý- ϳåÇïáõÉÛ³ódzÛÇ »ÝóñÏí»É:
Ý»ñáõÙ, μáÉáñÇÝ Ù³ïã»ÉÇ. (ï³ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ) capitulation [kə‚pitju΄lei∫n] n ³ÝÓݳïñáõ-
with a ~ of ten litres 10 ÉÇïñ ï³ñáÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ. ÃÛáõÝ, ϳåÇïáõÉÛ³ódz:
a seating ~ of 500 persons 500 Ù³ñ¹ ¿ ï»Õ³- cap-paper [΄kæp‚peipə] n (ݳ¨ª cap-peak)
íáñíáõÙ. at full ~ ³ÙμáÕç áõÅáí/Ñݳñ³íá- ÷³Ã»Ã³ÃáõÕÃ:
ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ. ÉñÇí ϳñáÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ. a ~ audience cap-peak [΄kæppi:k] n ÷³Ã»Ã³ÃáõÕÃ:
É»÷-É»óáõÝ ¹³ÑÉÇ×/ëñ³Ñ. (å³ßïáÝ) in the caprice [kə΄pri:s] n ùٳѳ×áõÛù. ·É˳ñÏÇ
~ of an engineer ÇÝŻݻñÇ å³ßïáÝáõÙ. Ñáí³ñ:
Çñ³í. Çñ³í³ëáõÃÛáõÝ legal ~ Çñ³íáõݳ- capricious [kə΄pri∫əs] a ùٳѳ×, ÷á÷á˳-
ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. official ~ å³ßïáÝ³Ï³Ý Çñ³í³- ÙÇï:
ëáõÃÛáõÝ. financial ~ ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý ѽáñáõ- Capricorn [΄kæprikɔ:n] n ³ëïÕ·. ²ÛÍ»Õç-
ÃÛáõÝ. mental ~ Ùï³íáñ ϳñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. Ûáõñ:
ÑÙÏñ·. ~ factor μ»éÝí³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý ·áñͳÏÇó. capsize [kæp΄saiz] v ßñçí»É (ݳíÇ/ë³ÛÉÇ ¨
~ index ÃáÕáõݳÏáõÃÛ³Ý Çݹ»ùë: ³ÛÉÝÇ Ù³ëÇÝ):
cap-a-pie [‚kæpə΄pi:] adv áïÇó ·ÉáõË. armed capsule [΄kæpsju:l] n å³ïÇ×, óճÝÃ:
~ ÙÇÝ㨠³ï³ÙÝ»ñÁ/áïÇó ·ÉáõË ½ÇÝí³Í: captain [΄kæptin] n ϳåÇï³Ý, ݳí³å»ï.
cape [keip] n, a ³ßËñ·. Ññí³Ý¹³Ý. ѳñ³í- Ùñ½. ÃÇÙÇ ³í³· Ññ³Ù³Ý³ï³ñ. ½áñ³-
³ýñÇÏÛ³Ý: í³ñ. ջϳí³ñ:
caption 134 card

captain [΄kæptin] v ջϳí³ñ»É. ~ a ship ݳ- caramel [΄kærəmel] n ϳñ³Ù»É:


íÇ Ý³í³å»ïÁ ÉÇÝ»É. ~ a team ÃÇÙÁ ·É˳- caravan [΄kærəvæn] n ù³ñ³í³Ý. ͳÍϳ-
íáñ»É: ë³ÛÉ:
caption [΄kæp∫n] n (Ñá¹í³ÍÇ) í»ñݳ·Çñ. carbide [΄ka:baid] n ùÇÙ. ϳñμǹ:
(ÏÇÝá) ٳϳ·Çñ. (ͳÕñ³Ýϳñ) ï»ùëï. carbo-hydrate [‚ka:bəu΄haidreit] n ùÇÙ.
Çñ³í. ϳɳÝù: ³Í˳çñ³ÍÇÝ:
captious [΄kæp∫əs] a Ù³Ýñ³ËݹÇñ, μͳ- carbolic [ka:΄bɒlik] a, n ùÇÙ. ϳñμáÉÛ³Ý.
ËݹÇñ: ϳñμáɳÃÃáõ(~ acid):
captivate [΄kæptiveit] v ÑÙ³Û»É, Ãáí»É, ·»- carbon [΄ka:bən] n ùÇÙ. ³Í˳ÍÇÝ. ¿É. ³Í-
ñ»É: ˳ÛÇÝ ¿É»Ïïñá¹. ~ black Ùáõñ. absorbent ~
captivating [΄kæptiveitiŋ] a ÑÙ³ÛÇã, ÃáíÇã: ùÇÙ. ³ÏïÇí³óñ³Í ³ÍáõË ~ dioxide ³Í-
captive [΄kæptiv] n ·»ñÇ, ϳɳݳíáñ. hold ˳ÃÃáõ. ~ monoxide ³Í˳ÃÃí³ÛÇÝ ·³½,
~ ·»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç å³Ñ»É: ßÙáÉù:
captive [΄kæptiv] a ·ñ³íÇã, Ññ³åáõñÇã. carbonize [΄ka:bənaiz] v ³Í˳óÝ»É, ³Ûñ»É:
·»ñí³Í. a ~ lion ·»ñí³Í ³éÛáõÍ. a ~ audi- carbon copy [΄ka:bən‚kɒpi] n å³ï׻ݳ-
ence ³Ï³Ù³ áõÝÏݹÇñÝ»ñ. ~ markets Ññ³- ѳÝí³Í ûñÇݳÏ:
åáõñÇã ßáõϳݻñ: carbon-paper [΄ka:bən‚peipə] n å³ï×»-
captivity [kæp΄tivəti] n ·»ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ñ·»- Ý³Ñ³Ý ÃáõÕÃ:
ɳñ³Ý. be in ~ ·»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É. keep carbuncle [΄ka:bΛŋkl] n ÑÝù. ³½ÝÇí ϳñ-
wild animals in ~ í³ÛñÇ ·³½³ÝÝ»ñÇÝ å³- ϻѳÝ, ϳñμáõÝÏáõÉ. μÅßÏ. ϳÛÍáõéáõóù:
Ñ»É ³ñ·»É³ñ³ÝáõÙ: carcass [΄ka:kəs] n Ùë»ÕÇù (ÙáñÃ³Í ³Ý³-
captor [΄kæptə] n ·»ñáÕ, ϳɳÝáÕ: ëáõÝÇ ³ÙμáÕç ÙÇëÁ). ¹Ç³Ï. ÑÇÙݳÏÙ³Ëù,
capture [΄kæpt∫ə] n ·ñ³íáõÙ, ·»ñáõÙ, ³Ùñ³Ý, ϳñϳë:
ϳɳݳíáñáõÙ. ~s é³½Ù³Ï³Ý ³í³ñ. the ~ card [ka:d] n ù³ñï, ïáÙë. identification ~
of tÑe city/murderer`s ù³Õ³ùÇ ·ñ³íáõÙÁ, ³ÝÓÁ ѳëï³ïáÕ ÷³ëï³ÃáõÕÃ. invitation
Ù³ñ¹³ëå³ÝÇÝ μéÝ»ÉÁ: ~ Ññ³íÇñ³ïáÙë. membership ~ ³Ý¹³Ùáõ-
capture [΄kæpt∫ə] v μéÝ»É. ·ñ³í»É. ·»ñ»É, ÃÛ³Ý ïáÙë. visiting ~ ³Ûó»ïáÙë. food ~ å³-
ϳɳݳíáñ»É. ~ a city/giraffe ù³Õ³ù ·ñ³- ñ»Ý³ù³ñï, Ùûñ³ÛÇÝ ù³ñï. library ~ ·ñ³-
í»É, ÁÝÓáõÕï μéÝ»É. ~ the imagination ÷Ëμ. ¹³ñ³ÝÇ ïáÙë. index ~ μ³Å³Ýáñ¹³·ñ³-
»ñ¨³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ ·»ñ»É. ~ smb’s attention Ï³Ý ù³ñï. ù³ñï³·ñ³óáõó³Ï. press ~
áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ·ñ³í»É: Éñ³·ñáÕÇ íϳ۳ϳÝ. social security ~ ëá-
car [ka:] n ³íïáÙ»ù»Ý³. goods/ambulance/ar- óÇ³É³Ï³Ý ³å³ÑáíáõÃÛ³Ý ù³ñï. admis-
moured ~ μ»éݳï³ñ/ßï³å û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ý/ sion ~ ³Ýó³ÃáõÕÃ. green ~ ³Ù. ÷³ëï³-
½ñ³Ñ³å³ï Ù»ù»Ý³. racing ~ Ùñó³ñß³íÇ ÃáõÕÃ. (μ³óÇÏ) Christmas/birthday~ ÌÝݹ۳Ý/
Ù»ù»Ý³. saloon ~ ÷³Ï ó÷ùáí Ù»ù»Ý³. ßÝáñѳíáñ³Ï³Ý μ³óÇÏ. send/receive a ~
estate ~ áõÝÇí»ñë³É. sports/open ~ ëåáñï³- μ³óÇÏ áõÕ³ñÏ»É/ëï³Ý³É. The ~ said μ³óÇ-
ÛÇÝ/μ³ó Ù»ù»Ý³. start a ~ Ù»ù»Ý³Ý ·áñÍÇ ÏáõÙ ³ëíáõÙ/·ñí³Í ¿ñ. (˳ճù³ñï, ˳-
·ó»É. by ~ Ù»ù»Ý³Ûáí. repair/park a ~ Ù»ù»- Õ³ÃáõÕÃ) ~s ÃÕó˳Õ. ~ game/table/ trick
Ý³Ý í»ñ³Ýáñá·»É/ϳ۳ݻÉ. The ~ is in a ÃÕó˳Õ, ÃÕó˳ÕÇ ë»Õ³Ý. ˳ճ-
good working order/out of order Ø»ù»Ý³Ý ù³ñïÇ ³×å³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ/ýáÏáõë play ~s
ë³ñùÇÝ ¿/ë³ñùÇÝ ã¿. ~ with left-hand drive ÃÕÃ³Ë³Õ Ë³Õ³É. play a high ~ ³Ù»Ý³Ù»Í
ӳ˳ÏáÕÙÛ³Ý Õ»Ïáí Ù»ù»Ý³. get into the ~ ˳ճù³ñïÁ ˳ճÉ. play one’s ~ well/
Ù»ù»Ý³ Ýëï»É. »ñÏÃ. í³·áÝ coach/lounge/ badly ÷Ëμ. ɳí/í³ï û·ï³·áñÍ»É Ñ³Ý·³-
sleeping/smoking/parlour ~ Ù³ñ¹³ï³ñ/÷³- Ù³ÝùÝ»ñÁ. ~ sharper ˳μ»μ³, ßáõÉ»ñ. win/
÷áõÏ/ÝÝç³í³·áÝ/ÍËáÕÝ»ñÇ/ë³ÉáÝ í³·áÝ. loose at ~s ÃÕó˳Õáõ٠߳ѻÉ, ï³Ý»É/
dining ~ í³·áÝ é»ëïáñ³Ý. through ~ áõÕ- ï³ñí»É. throw up one’s ~s ï»ÕÇ ï³É, Çñ»Ý
Õ³ÏÇ Ñ³Õáñ¹³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý í³·áÝ. tram ~ å³ñïí³Í ׳ݳã»É. lay one’s ~s on the table
ïñ³Ùí³ÛÇ í³·áÝ, ~ park ϳ۳ݳï»Õ: ÷Ëμ. ù³ñï»ñÁ μ³ó»É. have a ~ up one’s
carafe [kə΄ræf] n çñ³Ù³Ý: sleeve shuffle the ~s ˳ճÃÕûñÁ ˳éÝ»É.
cardboard 135 car-ferry

ÑÙÏñ·. å»ñýáù³ñï, åɳï³: ÑÇí³Ý¹ ÙáñÁ:


cardboard [΄ka:dbɔ:d] n ëïí³ñ³ÃáõÕÃ, career [kə΄riə]1. n ½μ³ÕÙáõÝù, ³ëå³ñ»½.
˳í³ù³ñï. ϳñïáÝ: ϳñÇ»ñ³. make a ~ for oneself Çñ»Ý ѳٳñ
cardiac [΄ka:diæk] a ϽÙË. ëñï³ÛÇÝ, ëñïÇ. ϳñÇ»ñ³ ëï»ÕÍ»É. give up one’s ~ ϳñÇ»-
μÅßÏ. ëñï³ÛÇÝ ¹»Õáñ³Ûù: ñ³ÛÇó Ññ³Å³ñí»É. a ~ diplomat åñáý»ëÇá-
cardigan [΄ka:digən] n ϳݳóÇ μñ¹» ÑÛáõë- Ý³É ¹Çí³Ý³·»ï. ~ history ³ß˳ï³Ýù³-
í³Íù, ųϻï: ÛÇÝ Ï»Ýë³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~` highlights (ݳ¨ª
cardinal [΄ka:dinl] n ϳñ¹ÇݳÉ: Ùñ½.) ϳñÇ»ñ³ÛÇ ³ëïÕ³ÛÇÝ Å³Ù»ñÁ, ³Ù»-
cardinal [΄ka:dinl] a ·É˳íáñ, ÑÇÙݳϳÝ. ݳí³é »ÉáõÛÃÝ»ñÁ. (ëñ³ñß³í) in full ~
~ points of compass ÏáÕÙݳóáõÛóÇ ·É˳íáñ ëñ³ñß³í, μáõéÝ Ã³÷áí. 2. v ëñ³ñß³í»É:
ѳïí³Í³Ù³ë»ñÁ. ~ numeral ù»ñ. ù³Ý³- careerist [kə΄riərist] n å³ßïáݳÙáÉ, ϳ-
Ï³Ï³Ý Ãí³Ï³Ý: ñÇ»ñÇëï:
care [keə] n ËݳÙù, Ñá·³ï³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. carefree [΄keəfri:] a ³ÝÑá·, ³Ý÷áõÛÃ:
μáõÅáõÙ. take ~ Ñá· ï³Ý»É, ËݳٻÉ. take ~ careful [΄keəfl] a Ñá·³ï³ñ, Ñá·³óáÕ. Ù³Ý-
of the flowers ͳÕÇÏÝ»ñÁ ËݳٻÉ. under doc- ñ³ÏñÏÇï. áõß³¹Çñ a ~ piece of work ËݳÙ-
tor’s ~ μÅßÏÇ ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï. in ~ of ùáí ϳï³ñí³Í ³ß˳ï³Ýù. a ~ medical
ËݳÙùÇ ï³Ï. Take ~ of what you say examination Ù³Ýñ³ÏñÏÇï μÅßϳϳÝ
Øï³ÍÇñ, û ÇÝã »ë ³ëáõÙ. The library is in ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ housewife ïÝï»ëáÕ ï³Ý-
Mr Brown’s ~ ¶ñ³¹³ñ³ÝÇ ïÝûñ»ÝÁ å-Ý ïÇñáõÑÇ. give ~ attention ѳïáõÏ áõß³¹ñáõ-
´ñ³áõÝÝ ¿. child ~ »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñÇ ëáódzɳ- ÃÛáõÝ ¹³ñÓÝ»É. ~ worker ËݳÙùáí ³ß˳-
Ï³Ý ³å³ÑáíáõÙ. personal ~ ÑǷǻݳ. ïáÕ. (½·áõÛß) ~ worker/driver ½·áõÛß Ù³ñ¹/
(ݳٳÏáõÙ) Mr A care of Ïñ×. c/o Mr B í³ñáñ¹. be ~ with one’s books ·ñù»ñÇ Ñ»ï
áõÕÕí³Í å-Ý ²-ÇÝ Ñ³ÝÓÝ»É å-Ý ´-ÇÝ. I’ll ½·áõÛß/ËݳÙùáí í³ñí»É. be ~ about one’s
take ~ of that ºë ÏÑá·³Ù ³Û¹ Ù³ëÇÝ. That health ³éáÕçáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇÝ Ñá· ï³Ý»É. be
will take ~ of itself ¸³ ÇÝùÝ Çñ»Ý ÏѳñÃíÇ. ~ not to offend ½·áõß³Ý³É ãíÇñ³íáñ»É. be ~
(áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ½·áõßáõÃÛáõÝ) listen with ~ with money ÷áÕÁ ËݳÛáÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ ͳËë»É:
áõß³¹Çñ Éë»É. take ~ ½·áõß³óÇñ. (÷³Ã»Ã- carefully [΄keəfli] adv ½·áõÛß, ËݳÙùáí.
Ý»ñÇ íñ³) “with ~” ½·áõÛß (í³ñí»É). be áõß³¹Çñ. handle ~ ½·áõÛß í³ñí»É. clean ~
handled with ~ ½·áõÛß í»ñ³μ»ñí»É. (Ñá·ë) ËݳÙùáí Ù³ùñ»É. choose the words ~ ËݳÙ-
free of ~ Ñá·ë»ñÇó ³½³ï. office ~s ³ß˳- ùáí ÁÝïñ»É μ³é»ñÁ. listen ~ áõß³¹Çñ Éë»É:
ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ Ñá·ë»ñ: carefulness [΄keəf(ə)lnəs] n Ñá·³ï³-
care [keə] v ëÇñ»É. I don’t ~ for meat/fish ºë ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ç³Ý³óáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ½·áõßáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÓáõÏ/ÙÇë ã»Ù ëÇñáõÙ. ~ for cards/dancing careladen [΄keəleidn] a Ñá·ë»ñáí ͳÝñ³-
ÃÕó˳Õ/å³ñ»É ëÇñ»É. She didn’t really ~ μ»éÝí³Í:
for her mother ܳ Çëϳå»ë ã¿ñ ëÇñáõÙ Çñ careless [΄keələs] a ³ÝÑá·, ³Ý÷áõÛÃ. ³Ý-
ÙáñÁ. (Ñ»ï³ùñùñí»É, Ñáõ½»É) I don’t ~ what ½·áõÛß. ~ attitude ³Ý÷áõÛà í»ñ³μ»ñÙáõÝù. a
people say ÆÝÓ ãÇ Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÙ, û Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ ~ mistake ³Ý÷áõÛà ë˳É. ~ work ³Ý÷áõÛÃ/
ÇÝã »Ý ³ëáõÙ. I don’t think he ~s Üñ³ ѳٳñ ÷ÝÃÇ ³ß˳ï³Ýù. ~ driving (Ù»ù»Ý³ÛÇ)
ÙǨÝáõÛÝ ¿. Who ~s? à±õÙ ¿ ¹³ Ñ»- ³Ý½·áõÛß í³ñáõÙ. That was ~ of you ¸³ Ó»ñ
ï³ùñùñáõÙ/Ñáõ½áõÙ. As if he ~d γñÍ»ë ¹³ ÏáÕÙÇó ³Ý½·áõßáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ñ:
Ýñ³Ý Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÙ/Ñáõ½áõÙ ¿. for all I ~ ÇÝã carelessness [΄keələsnəs] n ³ÝÑá·áõÃÛáõÝ,
í»ñ³μ»ñáõÙ ¿ ÇÝÓ. I don’t ~ either way ÆÝÓ ³Ý÷áõÃáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ýáõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
ѳٳñ ÙǨÝáõÛÝ ¿. No one ~s àã áùáõ ãÇ Ñ»- caress [kə΄res]1. n ÷³Õ³ùß³Ýù. 2. v ÷³-
ï³ùñùñáõÙ. Would you ~ for a walk/a cup of Õ³ùß»É, ßáÛ»É:
tea/to speak to Mr. B? â¿Ç±ù ó³Ýϳݳ/ caretaker [΄keə‚teikə] n Ëݳٳï³ñ,
Ïáõ½»Ý³ÛDZù ½μáëÝ»É/ÙÇ μ³Å³Ï ûÛ/Ëáë»É ËݳÙù ï³ÝáÕ. å³Ñ³Ï:
å-Ý ´-Ç Ñ»ï. I don’t ~ for any supper ÆÝÓ áã care-worn [΄keəwɔ:n] a Ñá·ë»ñÇó ï³Ýç-
ÙÇ ÁÝÃñÇù ¿É å»ïù ã¿. (Ñá· ï³Ý»É) She is í³Í. Ùï³Ù³ß:
~ing for her sick mother ܳ ËݳÙáõÙ ¿ Çñ car-ferry [ka:΄feri] n ³íïáÙ»ù»Ý³Ý»ñ ï»-
cargo 136 carr/y

Õ³÷áËáÕ É³ëï³Ý³í: carrier [΄kæriə] n μ»éݳÏÇñ. μ»éݳ÷á˳-


cargo [΄ka:gəu] n (ݳíÇ) μ»é. ~ boat ³åñ³Ý- ¹ñáÕ. ÷á˳¹ñáÕ. ÙáïáóÇÏÉÇ μ»éݳï»Õ/
ù³ï³ñ ݳí: μ³·³Å³ï»Õ. ·áñͳϳÉáõÃÛáõÝ. óñÇã. let-
caribou [΄kærəbu:] n ϳݳ¹³Ï³Ý »Õç»ñáõ: ter ~ ÷áëï³ï³ñ. aircraft ~ ³ídzÏÇñ.
caricature [΄kærikət∫uə] n ͳÕñ³Ýϳñ, cruiser ~ Ñ³Í³Ý³í ³ídzÏÇñ. ~ bag ïáå-
ϳñÇϳïáõñ³: ñ³Ï, å³Ûáõë³Ï. μÅßÏ. μ³óÇɳÏÇñ:
caricaturist [΄kærikət∫uərist] n ͳÕñ³Ýϳ- carrier-pigeon [‚kæriə΄pidзən] n ÷áë-
ñÇã, ϳñÇϳïáõñÇëï: ï³ï³ñ ³Õ³íÝÇ:
carload [΄ka:ləud] n ÙÇ í³·áÝ μ»é: carrion [΄kæriən] n É»ß:
carman [΄ka:mən] n í³·áݳí³ñ, Ù»ù»Ý³- carrot [΄kærət] n ·³½³ñ, ëï»åÕÇÝ:
í³ñ: carr/y [΄kæri] v Ïñ»É, ï³Ý»É ~ a bag/box/suit-
carmine [΄ka:main] n áñ¹³Ý ϳñÙÇñ case å³Ûáõë³Ï/³ñÏÕ/ ׳ÙåñáõÏ Ïñ»É. ~ in
(Ý»ñÏ), ϳñÙÇÝ: one’s hand/arms/on one’s back Ó»éùáõÙ/Ó»éù»-
carnage [΄ka:nidз] n Ïáïáñ³Í: ñÇ íñ³/Ù»çùÇÝ Ïñ»É. She is ~ying a child ܳ
carnal [΄ka:nl] a Ù³ñÙݳÛÇÝ, Ù³ñÙݳϳÝ: »ñ»Ë³Ûáí /ÑÕÇ ¿. He ~ies himself well ȳí
carnation [ka:΄nei∫n] 1. n ϳñÙÇñ ٻ˳Ï. Ï»óí³Íù áõÝÇ. (÷á˳¹ñ»É) The products are
2. a í³é ϳñÙÇñ: ~ied by rail ²åñ³ÝùÁ/²åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÁ ÷á˳-
carnival [΄ka:nivl] n ¹Çٳϳѳݹ»ë, ¹ñíáõÙ »Ý »ñϳÃáõÕáí. The word ~ies two
ϳéݳí³É: meanings ´³éÁ »ñÏáõ ÇÙ³ëï áõÝÇ. Wires ~
carnivore [΄ka:nivɔ:] n Ùë³Ï»ñ ϻݹ³ÝÇ: electricity ¾É»Ïïñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ѳÕáñ¹-
carnivorous [ka:΄nivərəs] a Ùë³Ï»ñ: íáõÙ ¿ ɳñ»ñáí. The road ~ies a lot of traffic
carol [΄kærəl] n ûñÑÝ»ñ·. Christmas ~s »Ï»Õ. ׳ݳå³ñÑÁ ͳÝñ³μ»éÝí³Í ¿ »ñè»Ïáõ-
ÌÝÝ¹Û³Ý »ñ·»ñ: ÃÛ³Ùμ. The paper ~ied the news »ñÃáõ٠ѳ-
carousal [kə΄rauzl] n ù»ý, áõñ³ËáõÃÛáõÝ: Õáñ¹íáõÙ ¿ñ. ~ liquor well ϳñáÕ³Ý³É ËÙ»É.
carouse [kə΄rauz] n ËÝçáõÛù/ù»ý ³Ý»É: The bill was ~ied úñÇݳ·ÇÍÝ ÁݹáõÝí»ó. ~
carp [ka:p] n Í³Í³Ý (ÓáõÏ): an election ѳÕÃ»É ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáõÙ. ~
carp [ka:p] v μͳËݹñáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É. ûñáõ- motion/resolution ³é³ç³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ/áñáßáõÙ
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ·ïÝ»É: ÁݹáõÝ»É. ~ one’s point Ýå³ï³ÏÇÝ Ñ³ëÝ»É.
carpenter [΄ka:pəntə] n ³ï³ÕÓ³·áñÍ, ~ interest ýÇÝ. ß³ÑáõÛÃ/ïáÏáë μ»ñ»É. ~ one
ÑÛáõëÝ: Ù³Ã. Ù»ÏÁ ÙïùáõÙ (å³Ñ»É). Peaches don’t ~
carpentry [΄ka:pəntri] n ³ï³ÕÓ³·áñÍáõ- well ¸»ÕÓ»ñÁ ßáõï »Ý ÷ã³ÝáõÙ. His voice
ÃÛáõÝ: ~ied well Üñ³ Ó³ÛÝÁ É³í ¿ñ ÑÝãáõÙ. ~ away
carpet [΄ka:pit] n ·áñ·. ~ weaver ·áñ·³- ï³Ý»É, ï³ñí»É. The wind ~ied away the
·áñÍ. ~ sweeper ϳñå»ï/·áñ· Ù³ùñ»Éáõ leaves ø³ÙÇÝ ï»ñ¨Ý»ñÁ ï³ñ³í. ~ back
ËέݳÏ. ÷á߻ѳÝ, ÷áß»ÏáõÉ. ~ bag Ñ»ï μ»ñ»É. It ~ied me back to my childhood
áõÕ»å³ñÏ, áõÕ»ïáåñ³Ï. on the ~ ÷Ëμ. Ð»ï »Ï³Ý Ù³ÝÏáõÃÛ³Ýë ûñ»ñÁ. ~ off
ùÝݳñÏÙ³Ý ¹ñí³Í: ï³Ý»É. She ~ied off the children ܳ »ñ»-
carpet [΄ka:pit] v ·áñ·áí ͳÍÏ»É. ϳÝã»É ˳ݻñÇÝ ï³ñ³í. ~ on ß³ñáõݳϻÉ, ϳ-
(Ïßï³Ùμ»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí). ï³ñ»É. ~ on the work ³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ ß³ñáõ-
ݳϻÉ. ~ on conversation Ëáë³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ í³-
carport [΄ka:pɔ:t] n ͳÍÏ Ù»ù»Ý³ÛÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ:
ñ»É. ~ on a tradition å³Ñå³Ý»É ëáíáñáõÛÃÁ.
carriage [΄kæridз] n ϳéù. ÷á˳¹ñáõÙ.
She is ~ying on witÑ an officer ܳ ѳݹÇåáõÙ
»ñÏÃ. í³·áÝ. ·ñ³Ù»ù»Ý³ÛÇ ·É³Ý. ~ and
¿ ëå³ÛÇ Ñ»ï. What a way to ~ on! à±í ¿ Çñ»Ý
pair/four »ñÏÓÇ/ù³é³ÓÇ Ï³éù. composite
³Û¹å»ë å³ÑáõÙ. ~ out Çñ³·áñÍ»É, ϳï³-
/corridor~ ÏáÙμÇݳóí³Í/åáõÉÙ³ÝÇ í³·áÝ.
ñ»É ~ out a promise ËáëïáõÙÁ ϳï³ñ»É. ~
baby ~ Ù³Ýϳë³ÛɳÏ. é½Ù. Ññ»ï³ë³ÛÉ, ɳ-
through ³í³ñï»É, í»ñçÇÝ Ñ³ëóÝ»É. ~ into
ý»ï. (Ï»óí³Íù) ~ way ÷áÕáóÇ »ñè»Ï»ÉÇ
effect Ç Ï³ï³ñ ³Í»É. ~ too far ß³ï Ñ»éáõ
Ù³ëÁ. (÷á˳¹ñáõÙ, ³é³ùáõÙ) ~ paid ³é³-
·Ý³É/ ï³Ý»É. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ bit ÷á˳ÝóÙ³Ý
ùáõÙÁ í׳ñí³Í. ~ free ³é³ùáõÙÁ ÓñÇ. ~
μÇÃ. ~ clear “÷á˳ÝóáõÙ ãϳ”. ~ digit ÷á-
forward í»ñ³¹Çñ í׳ñáí:
˳ÝóíáÕ Ãí³Ýß³Ý. ~ flag [΄kæri flæg]
carryall 137 cash

·»ñÉóÙ³Ý Ñ³Ûï³ÝÇß: óíáñ»Éáõ ѳٳñ ³ñÏÕ. jewel ~ ½³ñ-


carryall [΄kæriɔ:l] n å³Ûáõë³Ï ·ÝáõÙÝ»ñÇ ¹³ïáõ÷. show ~ óáõó³÷»ÕÏ. cello ~
ѳٳñ: å³ïÛ³Ý Ã³íçáõóÏÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. vanity ~
carrycot [΄kærikɔt] n ½³ÙμÛáõÕ ÷áùñ »ñ»- ϳݳóÇ (ÏáëÙ»ïÇϳÛÇ) å³Ûáõë³Ï. over-
˳ÛÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. The baby travelled in a ~ night ~ ׳ݳå³ñÑáñ¹³Ï³Ý åÇïáõÛù³-
سÝÏÇÏÁ ׳Ù÷áñ¹áõÙ ¿ñ ½³ÙμÛáõÕáõÙ: ïáõ÷. suit ~ ׳ÙåñáõÏ:
carry on [΄kæriɒn] n ËëÏó. Çñ³ñ³ÝóáõÙ, case [keis] n ¹»åù, ݳ¨ª μÅßÏ., ·áñÍ. doubtful
ß÷áÃ. ~ on over the packing Çñ³ñ³ÝóáõÙ ~ ϳëϳͻÉÇ ¹»åù. emergency ~ ³ÝÑ»ï³-
Çñ»ñÁ ϳå»Éáõ ųٳݳÏ: Ó·»ÉÇ û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ÑÇí³Ý¹ÇÝ a sad ~ ͳÝñ
cart [ka:t] n ë³ÛÉ, ë³Ûɳϳéù. in the ~ ËëÏó. ¹»åù. in ~ of ¹»åùáõÙ. in any ~ ³Ù»Ý ¹»å-
¹Åí³ñÇÝ Ï³óáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç: ùáõÙ. in most ~s ٻͳٳëÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ. in no ~
carter [΄ka:tə] n ë³Ûɳå³Ý: áã ÙÇ ¹»åùáõÙ. in ~ I forget »Ã» »ë Ùáé³-
cartful [΄ka:tful] n (ݳ¨ª cartload) ÙÇ ë³ÛÉ Ý³Ù. just in ~ ³Ù»Ý ¹»åùáõÙ. It is not the ~
ÉÇùÁ. a ~ of wood/hay ÙÇ ë³ÛÉ ÉÇùÁ ÷³Ûï/ ¸³ ³Û¹å»ë ã¿. gone ~ ËëÏó. ³ÝÑáõë³ÉÇ
Ëáï: ¹»åù. a ~ of conscience ËÕ×Ç ·áñÍ/ѳñó.
cart-horse [΄ka:thɔ:s] n μ»éݳù³ñß/ That alters the ~ ¸³ ÷áËáõÙ ¿ ·áñÍÁ/íÇ׳-
μ»éݳÏÇñ ÓÇ: ÏÁ. as the ~ stands ïíÛ³É å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ.
cartilage [΄ka:təlidз] n ϽÙË. Ïé×ÇÏ, ³×³é: μÅßÏ. medical ~ ÑÇí³Ý¹, ¹»åù. ~ history ÑÇ-
cartographer [ka:΄tɒgrəfə] n ù³ñ﻽³- í³Ý¹áõÃÛ³Ý å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ. walking ~ áã
·Çñ: ³ÝÏáÕݳÛÇÝ ÑÇí³Ý¹. five ~s of typhus ïÇýÇ
cartoon [ka:΄tu:n] n ͳÕñ³Ýϳñ, ÙáõÉï- ÑÇÝ· ¹»åù. Çñ³í. ·áñÍ. complicated/lost ~
ýÇÉÙ. ·Í³å³ïÏ»ñ. áõñí³·ÇÍ áñÙݳÝϳ- Ë××í³Í/Ïáñóñ³Í ¹³ï³Ï³Ý ·áñÍ. pending
ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ: ~ ÁÝóóÇÏ ¹³ï³Ï³Ý ·áñÍ. ~ law ݳ˳-
cartoonist [ka:΄tu:nist] n ͳÕñ³ÝϳñÇã: ïÇå³ÛÇÝ Çñ³íáõÝù. ~ on appeal í×é³μ»Ï-
cartridge [΄ka:tridз] n ÷³Ù÷áõßï. blank ~ Ù³Ý Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ·áñÍ. win/lose/defend/in-
³Ý·Ý¹³Ï/¹³ï³ñÏ ÷³Ù÷áõßï. ÑÙÏñ·. vestigate a ~ ·áñÍÁ ï³Ý»É/ÏáñóÝ»É/å³ßï-
ïå³·ñ³Ï³Ý ųå³í»Ý: å³Ý»É/Ñ»ï³ùÝÝ»É. ~ book ³Ûó»ÉáõÝ»ñÇ
cartridge-belt [΄ka:tridзbelt] n ÷³Ù÷ßï³- ·ñ³Ýó³Ù³ïÛ³Ý. (÷³ëï³ñÏ) ~ file ·áñÍ,
ϳÉ, ·Ý¹³óñÇ Å³å³í»Ý: ÷³ëï³ÃÕûñÇ Ñ³í³ù³Íáõ. the ~ for and
cartridge-paper [΄ka:tridз‚peipə] n ѳëï against ûñ ¨ ¹»Ù ÷³ëï³ñÏÝ»ñÁ. a strong ~
ÃáõÕà (ÝϳñãáõÃÛ³Ý/·Í³·ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³- for refusing Ù»ñÅ»Éáõ Éáõñç å³ï׳é. the
Ù³ñ): nominative ~ ù»ñ. áõÕÕ³Ï³Ý ÑáÉáí. ÑÙÏñ·.
cart-road [΄ka:trəud] n ÙÇç·ÛáõÕ³ÛÇÝ ×³- case é»·Çëïñ. ~ sensitive search é»·ÇëïñÇó
ݳå³ñÑ: ϳËí³Í áñáÝáõÙ. ~ shift ³ÝóáõÙ Ù»Ï
cart-track [΄ka:ttræk] n ÙÇç·ÛáõÕ³ÛÇÝ ×³- é»·ÇëïñÇó ÙÛáõëÇÝ:
ݳå³ñÑ: case-hardened [΄keis‚ha:dnd] a Ïá÷í³Í.
carve [ka:v] v ÷áñ³·ñ»É, ù³Ý¹³Ï»É. ~` smth ÷Ëμ ³Ý½·³:
out of/ on irony/wood ÷ÕáëÏñÇ/÷³ÛïÇ íñ³, casein [΄keisin] n ùÇÙ. ϳ½»ÇÝ, å³ÝñÇ
÷ÕnëÏñÇó/÷³ÛïÇó ÇÝã-áñ μ³Ý ù³Ý¹³Ï»É. ٳϳñ¹:
~ meat ÙÇëÁ Ïïñï»É/Ïïáñ-Ïïáñ ³Ý»É. ~ casement [΄keismənt] n å³ïáõѳÝÇ ÷»ÕÏ.
smb a slice of meat Ù»ÏÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ÙÇ Ïïáñ ÙÇë ÷Ëμ. å³ïáõѳÝ:
Ïïñ»É. ~ out a career ϳñÇ»ñ³ ëï»ÕÍ»É: cash [kæ∫] n ϳÝËÇÏ ¹ñ³Ù. ~ in hand, hard ~
carver [΄ka:və] n ÷áñ³·ñ»É, ù³Ý¹³Ï»É: ϳÝËÇÏ ¹ñ³Ù. ~ down (í׳ñ) ϳÝËÇÏ ÷á-
carving [΄ka:viŋ] n ÷áñ³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ù³Ý¹³- Õáí. be in /have ~ Ó»éùÇÝ ÷áÕ áõݻݳÉ. be
ÏáõÙ. ~ knife ÙÇë Ïïñ»Éáõ ¹³Ý³Ï: out of ~ Ó»éùÇÝ ÷áÕ ãáõݻݳÉ. ~ on delivery
cascade [kæ΄skeid] n ÷áùñÇÏ çñí»Å, ϳë- Ïñ×. (COD) í׳ñáõÙÁ ëï³Ý³ÉÇë, í»ñ³¹Çñ
ϳ¹: í׳ñáõÙáí. net/spot ~ ϳÝËÇÏ í׳ñ. pay-
case [keis] n ³ñÏÕ, ïáõ÷. cigar ~ ·É³Ý³- ment in ~ ϳÝËÇÏ í׳ñáõÙ. spare ~ ³½³ï
ϳïáõ÷, åáñïëÇ·³ñ. packing ~ ÷³Ã»- ÷áÕ. ~ register ¹ñ³Ù³ñÏÕÇ ³å³ñ³ï:
cashbook 138 catalogue

cash [kæ∫] v ϳÝËÇÏ í׳ñ»É. ~ a cheque ³å³óáõÛóÝ»ñ. ~ excuse ѳñ·»ÉÇ å³ï׳é:


í׳ñ³·ñáí ëï³Ý³É/í׳ñ»É: castle [΄ka:sl] n ³Ùñáó, ¹ÕÛ³Ï. ruins of a ~
cashbook [΄kæ∫buk] n ã»ÏÇ ·ñùáõÛÏ: ¹ÕÛ³ÏÇ ³í»ñ³ÏÝ»ñÁ. ~s in the air û¹³ÛÇÝ
cashdesk [΄kæ∫‚desk] n ¹ñ³Ù³ñÏÕ. pay at the ³ÙñáóÝ»ñ. haunted ~ ¹ÕÛ³Ï, áñï»Õ áõñí³-
~ ÙáõÍ»É ¹ñ³Ù³ñÏÕáõÙ: ϳÝÝ»ñ ϳÝ. ßËÙ. ݳí³Ï:
cashier [kæ΄∫iə] n ·³ÝÓ³å³Ñ: castle-builder [΄ka:sl‚bildə] n óÝáñ³ÙáÉ,
cashless [΄kæ∫lis] a ϳÝËÇÏ ¹ñ³Ù ãáõÝ»óáÕ: ý³Ýï³½Ûáñ:
casing [΄keisiŋ] n å³ïÛ³Ý, ϳßí» å³ïÛ³Ý: cast off [΄ka:stɒf] a ¹»Ý Ý»ï³Í. ~ clothing
cask [ka:sk] n ï³Ï³é, ï³Ï³éÇÏ: û·ï³·áñÍ³Í Ñ³·áõëï:
casket [΄ka:skit] n ³ñÏÕÇÏ. ³×Ûáõݳë³÷áñ: castor I [΄ka:stə] n μÅßÏ. ·»ÕÓ³ÝÛáõÃ. ~ oil
casque [kæsk] n åïÙ. ë³Õ³í³ñï: ÑݹÛáõÕ, ï½Ï³Ý»÷Ç Ó»Ã:
cassation [kə΄se∫n] n í×é³μ»ÏÙ³Ý ·³Ý- castor II [΄ka:stə] n åÕå»Õ³Ù³Ý, ѳٻ-
·³ï: ÙáõÝù³Ï³É:
casserole [΄kæsərəul] n Ï»ñ³Ïñ³Ï³Ãë³. ~ castrate [kæ΄streit] v ³ÙáñÓ³ï»É:
dish Ññ³Ï³ÛáõÝ ³å³Ïáõó å³ïñ³ëï³Í castration [kæ΄strei∫n] n ³ÙáñÓ³ïáõÙ:
ϳÃë³. ~ of lamb ßá·»Ë³ß³Í ·³é³Ý ÙÇë casual [΄kæзuəl] a å³ï³Ñ³Ï³Ý, ³Ý÷áõÛÃ,
(Ï»ñ³Ïñ³ï»ë³Ï): ³ÝϳÝáÝ. a ~ encounter å³ï³Ñ³Ï³Ý
cast [ka:st] n Ý»ïáõÙ, Ó·áõÙ. éÇëÏ. ï»Ë. ϳ- ѳݹÇåáõÙ. a ~ manner ³Ýμéݳ½μáëÇÏ/
Õ³å³ñ. put/set/stake on a ~ μ³Ëï³Ë³ÕÇ ³Ýϳßϳݹ å³Ñí³Íù. ~ clothes ³éûñÛ³
¹Ý»É. óïñ. ·áñÍáÕ ³ÝÓÇÝù, ¹»ñ³Ï³- ѳ·áõëï. a ~ sort of chap ³Ýå³ñÏ»ßï/
ï³ñÝ»ñ (ϳ½Ù). choose the ~ ¹»ñ³- ³Ýù³Õ³ù³í³ñÇ ïÕ³. ~ worker ųٳݳ-
ϳï³ñÝ»ñÇÝ ÁÝïñ»É. Who are the ~? ϳíáñ ³ß˳ïáÕ. ~ labour ųٳݳϳ-
àíù»±ñ »Ý ˳ÕáõÙ. splendid/good ~ ÑáÛ³- íáñ/å³ï³Ñ³Ï³Ý ³ß˳ï³Ýù. ÑÙÏñ·. ~
ϳå/áõÅ»Õ Ï³½Ù. serious ~ of mind ÷Ëμ. control å³ï³Ñ³Ï³Ý í»ñ³ÑëÏáõÙ. ~ de-
Éáõñç ÙïùÇ ï»ñ: pendence å³ï׳é³Ï³Ý ϳËí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ.
cast [ka:st] v Ý»ï»É, ·ó»É, ßåñï»É. ~ a ~ user å³ï³Ñ³Ï³Ý û·ï³·áñÍáÕ:
glance/look ѳ۳óù Ý»ï»É. ~` lots íÇ×³Ï casually [΄kæзuəli] adv å³ï³Ñ³μ³ñ. ³Ý-
·ó»É. ~ a shadow ëïí»ñ ·ó»É. ~ a shoe å³Û- ÷áõÛÃ. say quite ~ å³ï³Ñ³μ³ñ ³ë»É:
ïÁ ÏáñóÝ»É. ~ the skin Ù³ßÏÁ ÷áË»É. ~ a casualt/y [΄kæзuəlti] n ¹Åμ³Ëï å³ï³-
vote ùí»³ñÏ»É, Ó³ÛÝ ï³É. ~ roles ¹»ñ³μ³ß- ѳñ. íÇñ³íáñ, ëå³Ýí³Í. ~ list íÇñ³íáñ-
Ëáõ٠ϳï³ñ»É. (¹»ñ»ñÁ μ³ßË»É) ~ anchor Ý»ñÇ ¨ ëå³Ýí³ÍÝ»ñÇ óáõó³Ï. heavy ~ies
Íáí. ˳ñÇëË ·ó»É. ~ doubt ÷Ëμ. ϳëϳÍÇ Í³Ýñ ÏáñáõëïÝ»r. ÑÙÏñ·. íóñ³ÛÇÝ Ë³-
»ÝóñÏ»É. ~ light ÉáõÛë ë÷é»É. ~ a line ÓÏÝ. ÷³ÝáõÙ:
ϳñà ݻï»É. ~ off/on (·áñÍ»Éáõ) ѳïÁ cat [kæt] n ϳïáõ. ÷Ëμ. Ïéí³ñ³ñ ÏÇÝ. let
ÃáÕÝ»É/ѳí³ù»É. ~ off Íáí. Íáí³÷Çó Ñ»- the ~ out of the bag ·³ÕïÝÇùÁ ¹áõñë ï³É. a
é³Ý³É: cat on hot bricks ÷ß»ñÇ íñ³ Ýëï³Í. There
castaway [΄ka:stə‚wei] 1. n ݳí³μ»ÏÛ³É. 2. isn’t a room to swing a ~ Þ³ñÅí»Éáõ ï»Õ ãϳ.
a Ù»ñÅí³Í, ѳɳÍí³Í, Çñ³í³½áõñÏ: lead a ~ and dog life ßáõÝ áõ ϳïíÇ å»ë
caste [ka:st] n ³ñïáÝÛ³É ¹³ë³Ï³ñ·, ϳë- /³ÝÁݹѳï Ïéí»É. It rains ~s and dogs Ðáñ¹
ï³. lose ~ ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ¹»ÙùÁ ÏáñóÝ»É: ³ÝÓñ¨ ¿ ·³ÉÇë. see which way the ~ jumps
castigate [΄kæstigeit] v å³ïÅ»É, ˳ñ³½³- ëå³ë»É, û ù³ÙÇÝ áñ ÏáÕÙÁ Ï÷ãÇ:
Ý»É: cataclysm [΄kætə‚klizəm] n ѻջÕ. ѻճ-
casting [΄ka:stiŋ] n óïñ. ¹»ñ³Ï³ï³ñ- ßñçáõÙ. ϳï³ÏÉǽÙ:
Ý»ñÇ ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝ: catacomb [΄kætəku:m] n ëïáñ»ñÏñÛ³ ³Ý-
casting-vote [‚ka:stiŋ΄vəut] n í×é³Ï³Ý óáõÙÝ»ñ, ϳï³ÏáÙμ:
Ó³ÛÝ (ùí»³ñÏÙ³Ý ÁÝóóùáõÙ): catalog [΄kætəlɒg] n ·ñ³óáõó³Ï, ó³ÝÏ.
cast-iron [‚ka:st΄aiən] n, a Ãáõç (ãáõ·áõÝ). priced ~ ·Ý³óáõó³Ï:
Ãáõç», ÃáõçÇ (ãáõ·áõÝÇ, ãáõ·áõÝ»). ÷Ëμ. catalogue [΄kætəlɒg] v ·Ý³óáõó³Ï ϳ½Ù»É.
³ÝÝÏáõÝ, ѳëï³ïáõÝ. ~ case ³ÝÑ»ñù»ÉÇ ~ an item/a collection ³é³ñϳÛÇ ³ÝáõÝÁ/
cataloguer 139 catholicism

ѳí³ù³ÍáõÝ ÙïóÝ»É ·ñ³óáõó³ÏÇ Ù»ç. ÃÛáõÝÁ ³Ûëï»Õ ãï³ñ³Íí»ó/ï»Õ ã·ï³í. ~


ÑÙÏñ·. ~d data set ϳï³Éá·³ÛÇÝ ïíÛ³ÉÝ»- out ѳÛïݳμ»ñ»É. ~ out in a lie ëïÇ Ù»ç
ñÇ Ñ³í³ù³Íáõ. ~d procedure ·ñ³¹³ñ³Ý³- μéÝ»É. ~ up ѳëÝ»É. ~ up on one’s work ³ñ³-
ÛÇÝ ·áñÍÁÝóó/åñáó»¹áõñ³: ·³óÝ»É/ѳëóÝ»É ³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ. I’ll ~ you up
cataloguer [΄kætəlɒgə] n ·ñ³óáõó³Ï ϳ½- ºë Ïѳëݻ٠ӻ½:
ÙáÕ: catching [΄kæt∫iŋ] a í³ñ³ÏÇã. ÷Ëμ. ·ñ³íÇã,
catalysis [kə΄tæləsis] n ùÇÙ. ϳï³Éǽ: Ó·áÕ:
catalyzer [΄kætəlaizə] n ùÇÙ. ϳï³Éǽ³- catch-penny [΄kæt∫‚peni] a ¿Å³Ý³·ÇÝ,
ïáñ: ³Ý³ñÅ»ù:
cataract [΄kætərækt] n çñí»Å. Ñáñ¹ ³ÝÓñ¨, catchpole [΄kæt∫pəul] n ¹³ï³Ï³Ý ϳï³-
ï»Õ³ï³ñ³÷. μÅßÏ. ϳï³ñ³Ïï: ñ³Íáõ:
catastrophe [kə΄tæstrəfi] n ³Õ»ï. í³Ë- catchword [΄kæt∫wə:d] n ÁÝóóÇÏ/·áñͳ-
׳Ý, ÉáõÍáõÙ (¹ñ³Ù³ÛÇ): ͳϳÝ/Ùá¹³ÛÇÏ μ³é. óïñ. é»åÉÇÏ, Ýß³-
catastrophic [‚kætə΄strɒfik] a ³Õ»ï³ÉÇ, ݳμ³Ý:
³Õ»ï³μ»ñ: catchy [΄kæt∫i] a Ñ»ßïáõÃÛ³Ùμ ÁÝϳÉíáÕ,
catcall [΄kætkɔ:l] n, v ëáõÉáó, Íííáó. ·ñ³íÇã. a ~ tune 먻éáõÝ/åáÏ ã»ÏáÕ »Õ³-
ëáõÉ»Éáí ˳Ûï³é³Ï»É: ݳÏ:
catch [kæt∫] n μéÝ»ÉÁ. Ó»ñμ³Ï³É»ÉÁ. ÓÏ³Ý categoric(al) [‚kætə΄gɒrik(l)] a ÏïñáõÏ,
áñë. ÷³Ï³Ý. ÙÕɳÝ. ¹é³Ý ׳ñٳݹ. quite í×é³Ï³Ý, ϳﻷáñÇÏ:
a ~ ÷Ëμ. ݳ˳ÝÓ»ÉÇ ÷»ë³óáõ. (ÍáõÕ³Ï) category [΄kætəgəri] n ϳñ·, ¹³ë, ϳï»-
There must be a ~ somewhere ²Ûëï»Õ ÙÇ ·áñdz:
ÍáõÕ³Ï/˳μ»áõÃÛáõÝ Ï³: cater [΄keitə] v Ùûñù Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñ»É ëå³-
catch [kæt∫] v μéÝ»É, áñë³É. ~ a ball/ a bird/ ë³ñÏ»É. The restaurant ~s for weddings ²Ûë
fish/runaway ·Ý¹³Ï/ÃéãáõÝ/ÓáõÏ/ ÷³Ëëï³- é»ëïáñ³ÝÁ ѳñë³ÝÇùÝ»ñ ¿ ëå³ë³ñ-
Ï³Ý μéÝ»É. be cought in a net ó³ÝóÇ Ù»ç ÏáõÙ/ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÙ. The magazine ~s for
ÁÝÏÝ»É. (μéÝ»É, íñ³ ѳëÝ»É) ~ red- low tastes ²Ûë ³Ùë³·ÇñÁ ïáõñù ¿ ï³ÉÇë
handed/unawares ѳÝó³ÝùÇ Ù»ç μéÝ»É, ó³Íñ³á× ×³ß³ÏÇÝ:
ѳÝϳñͳÏÇÇ μ»ñ»É. be caught by the rain caterer [΄keitərə] n (Ùûñù) Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñáÕ,
³ÝÓñ¨Ç ï³Ï ÁÝÏÝ»É. You’ll not ~ me that way ëå³ë³ñÏáÕ:
¸ñ³Ýáí ÇÝÓ ã»ë μéÝ»óÝÇ. He caught his catering [΄keitəriŋ] n ëå³ë³ñÏáõÙ, ïÝï»-
breath ÷Ëμ. ÞáõÝãÁ Ïïñí»ó. (ѳëÝ»É, ų- ëáõÃÛ³Ý í³ñáõÙ. ÙûñùÇ Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñáõÙ.
ٳݳÏÇÝ ÉÇÝ»É) ~ the last bus í»ñçÇÝ ³íïá- Who does your ~? à±í ¿ Ó»½ ëå³ë³ñÏáõÙ
μáõëÇÝ Ñ³ëÝ»É. μÅßÏ. í³ñ³Ïí»É ~ cold/ (ÑÇÙݳñÏáõÙ). à±í ¿ í³ñáõÙ Ó»ñ ïÝï»ëáõ-
measles Ùñë»É ÑÇí³Ý¹³Ý³É/ϳñÙñáõÏáí ÃÛáõÝÁ (ï³ÝÁ)£
í³ñ³Ïí»É. (Éë»É, ѳëϳݳÉ) I didn’t quite ~ caterpillar [΄kætəpilə] n, a ÃñÃáõñ. ÃñÃñ³-
what you said ȳí ãÉë»óÇ ÇÝã ³ë»óÇñ. ~ Ó¨, ÃñÃáõñ³íáñ. ~ tractor ÃñÃáõñ³íáñ
smb’s meaning μ³é»ñÇ/³ë³ÍÇ ÇÙ³ëïÁ ïñ³Ïïáñ:
ѳëϳݳÉ. The house caught fire îáõÝÁ caterwaul [΄kætəwɔ:l] n Ùɳíáó. ËëÏó.
Ññ¹»Ñ ÁÝϳí. ~ a likeness ÝÙ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³ïí³Ñ³Ù»ñ·. ËÇëï ³ÝÝ»ñ¹³ßݳÏ
·ïÝ»É. ~ one’s eye ѳ۳óùÁ μéÝ»É. ~ atten- »ñ³ÅßïáõÃÛáõÝ:
tion áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ·ñ³í»É. ~ at ϳéã»É, catgut [΄kætgΛt] n ³Õ»É³ñ, ɳñ. μÅßÏ. ³Õ»-
μéÝ»É. ~ at a branch ×ÛáõÕÇó ϳéã»É/μéÝ»É. ~ ɳñ, Ï»ï·áõï:
at the opportunity ÷Ëμ. Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÇó cathedral [kə΄θi:drəl] n ·É˳íáñ/Ù³Ûñ
ϳéã»É. ~ in ×ÙÉ»É, ï³ÏÁ ÙݳÉ. ~ one’s finger ï³×³ñ:
in the door Ù³ïÁ ¹é³Ý ï³Ï ÙݳÉ. ~ on catholic [΄kæθlik]1. n ϳÃáÉÇÏ. 2. a ϳÃáÉÇ-
Ïåã»É. Ùá¹³ÛÇÏ ¹³éݳÉ. ~ the stocking on a ϳϳÝ. ѳٳå³ñ÷³Ï, ɳÛÝ. a man of ~ in-
nail ·áõÉå³Ý Ù»ËÇÝ Ï³éã»É. The blow caught terests μ³½Ù³ÏáÕÙ³ÝÇ Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝ-
him on the head гñí³ÍÁ ·ÉËÇÝ Ïå³í. This Ý»ñÇ ï»ñ Ù³ñ¹:
fashion never caught on here ²Ûë Ýáñ³Ó¨áõ- catholicism [kə΄θɒlə‚sizm] n ϳÃáÉÇÏáõ-
catholicos 140 CD-ROM drive

ÃÛáõÝ: ï³Ï:
catholicos [kə΄θɒlikɒs] n ϳÃáÕÇÏáë` Ð³Û caustic [΄kɔ:stik] n, a ùÇÙ. ³ÛñÇã, ˳ñ³ÝáÕ,
²é³ù»É³Ï³Ý ºÏ»Õ»óáõ ù³Ñ³Ý³Û³å»ï: ˳ñáÕ ÝÛáõÃ. ³ÛñÇã. ë³ñϳëïÇÏ, ÏÍáõ,
catlike [΄kætlaik] a ϳïíÇ, ϳïí³ÛÇÝ, Ñ»·Ý³Ï³Ý:
ϳïí³ÝÙ³Ý: cauterize [΄kɔ:təraiz] v μÅßÏ. ˳ñ»É, ˳-
cat-o’-nine-tails [‚kætə΄nainteilz] n μ³½- ñ³Ý»É, ³Ûñ»É:
Ù³×ÛáõÕ Ùïñ³Ï: cautery [΄kɔ:təri] n μÅßÏ. ˳ñáõÙ, ˳ñ³-
cat’s-paw [΄kætspɔ:] n Íáí³½»÷Ûáõé, çñÇ ÝáõÙ, ³ÛñáõÙ:
ͳͳÝù. ÷Ëμ. áõñÇßÇ Ó»éùÇÝ ·áñÍÇù caution [΄kɔ:∫n] n ½·áõßáõÃÛáõÝ, ßñç³Ñ³Û³-
¹³ñÓ³Í Ù³ñ¹: óáõÃÛáõÝ. ݳ߳½·áõß³óáõÙ, áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ.
cattle [΄kætl] n Ëáßáñ »Õç»ñ³íáñ ³Ý³ëáõÝ. be let off with a ~ Çñ³í. ݳ˳½·áõß³-
horned ~ »Õç»ñ³íáñ ³Ý³ëáõÝ. pedigree ~ óáõÙáí ³½³ïí»É:
³½Ýí³ó»Õ ³Ý³ëáõÝ. store ~ Ùë³óáõ ³Ý³- caution [΄kɔ:∫n] v ݳ˳½·áõß³óÝ»É. C~ !
ëáõÝ: é½Ù. ä³ïñ³°ëï. I ~ed her against being late
cattle-box [΄kætlbɒks] n »ñÏÃ. í³·áÝ ºë Ýñ³Ý ݳ˳½·áõß³óñÇ, áñ ãÇ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ
³Ý³ëáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ: áõ߳ݳÉ:
cattle-dealer [΄kætl‚di:lə] n ³Ý³ëݳí³- cautionary [΄kɔ:∫nəri] a ݳ˳½·áõ߳ϳÝ,
׳é: ݳ˳½·áõß³óÝáÕ, ~ tales áõë³Ý»ÉÇ/Ëñ³-
cattle-ranch [΄kætlrænt∫] n ³Ý³ëݳå³- ï³Ï³Ý å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ:
Ñ³Ï³Ý ý»ñÙ³: cautious [΄kɔ:∫əs] a ½·áõÛß, ßñç³Ñ³Û³ó:
catty [΄kæti] a ÏÍáõ, ˳ÛÃáÕ (¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ). cavalcade [‚kævl΄keid] n ѻͻɳËáõÙμ:
³Ýμ³ñÛ³ó³Ï³Ù (Ù³ñ¹): cavalier [‚kævə΄liə] n Ñ»Ííáñ, Ódzíáñ. ³ë-
caul [kɔ:l] n ùáÕ, ·É˳¹Çñ (ϳݳóÇ): å»ï, Ódzíáñ:
cauldron [΄kɔ:ldrən] n ϳÃë³: cavalry [΄kævlri] n, a ѻͻɳ½áñ, ѻͻɳ-
cauliflower [΄kɒli‚flauə] n ͳÕϳϳճÙμ: ½áñÇ/ѻͻɳ½áñ³ÛÇÝ:
causal [΄kɔ:zl] a å³ï׳é³Ï³Ý. ~ connec- cave [keiv] n ³Ûñ, ù³ñ³Ûñ, ù³ñ³ÝÓ³í.
tion å³ï׳é³Ï³Ý ϳå:
ùÕù. ýñ³Ïódz/ËÙμ³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ, Áݹ¹ÇÙ³-
causality [΄kɔ:zæləti] n å³ï׳é³Ï³Ýáõ- ϳÝ/ûåá½ÇóÇáÝ ËÙμ³Ï:
ÃÛáõÝ. å³ï׳é³Ï³Ý ϳå:
cave [keiv] v ÷áñ»É, Ëáéáã μ³ó»É. ùÕù. Áݹ-
causative [΄kɔ:zətiv] a å³ï׳é³Ï³Ý. ù»ñ. ¹ÇÙáõÃÛáõÝ ëï»ÕÍ»É. ~ in Ýëï»É (ÑáÕÇ/ß»Ý-
å³ï׳é³Ï³Ý μ³Û:
ùÇ Ù³ëÇÝ). ÷Ëμ. ½Çç»É, »ÝóñÏí»É:
cause [kɔ:z] n å³ï׳é, ÑÇÙù, ³éÇÃ. ~ and cave-dweller [΄keiv‚dwelə] n ³ÝÓ³í³-
effect å³ï×³é ¨ ѻ勉Ýù. prime ~
μݳÏ:
ëϽÝμ³å³ï׳é. without good ~ ³é³Ýó
ѳñ·»ÉÇ å³ï׳éÇ. give ~ for complaint
cavern [΄kævn] n Ëáéáã, ù³ñ³Ûñ, ³Ûñ. μÅßÏ.
Ëáéáã, ϳí»ñÝ:
μáÕáùÇ/¹Å·áÑáõÃÛ³Ý ³éÇà ï³É common ~
ÁݹѳÝáõñ å³ï׳é. spot the ~ of trouble
caviar(e) [΄kævia:] n ˳ídzñ, ÓÏÝÏÇÃ:
å³ñ½»É ³Ýë³ñùáõÃÛ³Ý/³Ý³ËáñÅáõÃÛ³Ý
cavil [΄kævl] n, v μͳËݹñáõÃÛáõÝ, μͳ-
å³ï׳éÁ. (·áñÍ) Çñ³í. ¹³ï³Ï³Ý ·áñÍ ËݹñáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É:
plead a ~ ¹³ï³Ï³Ý ·áñÍ å³ßïå³Ý»É. the cavity [΄kævəti] n Ëáéáã. abdominal ~ áñá-
~ of peace ˳ճÕáõÃÛ³Ý ·áñÍÁ. for the ~ of í³ÛÝÇ Ëáéáã. ~ of a tree ͳéÇ ÷ã³Ï. ~ of a
science ·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ. a lost ~ ³Ý- tooth ³ï³ÙÇ Ëáéáã:
Ñáõë³ÉÇ ·áñÍ: caw [kɔ:] v, n Ïéé³É, ÏéÏé³É. Ïééáó, ÏéÏéáó:
cause [kɔ:z] v å³ï׳é»É. What ~ed the acci- cay [ki:] n Ïáñ³ÉÇ ËáõÃ. ³í³½áï ͳÝͳ-
dent ƱÝãÝ ¿ñ íóñÇ å³ï׳éÁ ~ much talk Õáõï:
ß³ï Ëáë³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ³éÇà ï³É. ~ of- cayenne [kei΄en] n ϳñÙÇñ å³ïÇ׳-
fence íÇñ³íáñ³Ýù å³ï׳é»É: åÕå»Õ:
causeless [΄kɔ:zləs] a ³ÝÑÇÙÝ, å³ï׳- CD-ROM [si di: rom] (compact disk read –
é³½áõñÏ: only memory) ѳëï³ïáõÝ ÑÇß³ë³ñù
causeway [΄kɔ:zwei] n Ë×áõÕÇ, ë³É³Ñ³- ÙdzÛÝ Ï³ñ¹³Éáõ ѳٳñ£
cease 141 centre

CD-ROM drive [‚si:di:΄rɔm draiv] ÏáÙ- Celtic [΄keltik] n, a Ï»Éï»ñ»Ý. Ï»Éï³Ï³Ý:


å³Ïï ¹ÇëÏÇ ÏñáÕ£ cement [sə΄ment] n, v ó»Ù»Ýï, Ù³ÍáõóÇÏ
cease [si:s] v ¹³¹³ñ»É, ¹³¹³ñ»óÝ»É. ~ fire ÝÛáõÃ. ó»Ù»Ýï»É, åݹ³óÝ»É, ³Ùñ³óÝ»É
é½Ù. Ïñ³ÏÁ ¹³¹³ñ»óÝ»É. The rain has ~d (ݳ¨ ÷Ëμ.):
²ÝÓñ¨Á ¹³¹³ñ»ó. Work ~d ²ß˳ï³ÝùÁ cemetery [΄semətri] n ·»ñ»½Ù³Ý³ïáõÝ:
¹³¹³ñ»óí»ó: censer [΄sensə] n »Ï»Õ. μáõñí³é:
ceaseless [΄si:sləs] a ³Ý¹³¹³ñ, ³ÝÁݹѳï: censor [΄sensə] n ·ñ³ùÝÝÇã, ó»Ý½áñ. ÷Ëμ.
cedar [΄si:də] n, a Ù³ÛñÇ (ͳé). Ù³ÛñÇ Í³éÇ: ¹³ï³íáñ£
cede [si:d] v ½Çç»É (μ³Ý³í»×áõÙ). ~ territory censor [΄sensə] v ·ñ³ùÝÝáõÃÛ³Ý »ÝóñÏ»É.
/rights ï³ñ³Íù/Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñ ½Çç»É: ùÝÝ»É, ëïáõ·»É. Ïñ׳ï»É. The book was
ceiling [΄si:liŋ] n ³é³ëï³Õ. ͳÍÏ. ³é³í»- heavily ~ed ¶ñùáõÙ Éáõñç Ïñ׳ïáõÙÝ»ñ
ɳ·áõÛÝ ³ß˳ï³í³ñÓ. emergency ~ ³í. ϳÝ. ~ a paragraph ³ÙμáÕç ѳïí³Í μ³ó
³Ù»Ý³μ³ñÓñ ³é³ëï³Õ. fix a ~ for wages ÃáÕÝ»É:
ѳëï³ï»É ³ß˳ï³í³ñÓÇ μ³ñÓñ³·áõÛÝ censorial [sen΄sɔ:riəl] a ·ñ³ùÝÝã³Ï³Ý:
ã³÷Á. hit the ~ ËëÏó. ËÇëï ½³Ûñ³Ý³É, censorship [΄sensə∫ip] n ·ñ³ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ,
ë³ëïÇÏ Ï³ï³Õ»É: ·ñ³ùÝÝÇãÇ å³ßïáÝ:
celebrate [΄seləbreit] v ïáÝ»É, Ñéã³Ï»É, ÷³- censure [΄sen∫ə] n å³Ë³ñ³ÏáõÙ, å³ñë³-
é³μ³Ý»É. ~ a birthday ÍÝÝ¹Û³Ý ûñÁ Ýß»É/ïá- íáõÙ, Ïßï³ÙμáõÙ. vote of ~ ³Ýíëï³Ñáõ-
Ý»É. ~ a victory ѳÕóݳÏÁ ïáÝ»É. ~ the oc- ÃÛ³Ý ùí». ~ smb for smth Ù»ÏÇÝ ÇÝã-áñ μ³ÝÇ
casion Ýᯐ ³éÇÃÁ/¹»åùÁ: ѳٳñ å³Ë³ñ³Ï»É:
celebrated [΄seləbreitid] a Ñéã³Ï³íáñ, Ýß³- census [΄sensəs] n Ù³ñ¹³Ñ³Ù³ñ. take a ~ of
ݳíáñ. ~ for the wines ·ÇÝÇÝ»ñáí Ñéã³Ï³- Ù³ñ¹³Ñ³Ù³ñ ³ÝóϳóÝ»É:
íáñ: census-paper [΄sensəs‚peipə] n Ù³ñ¹³-
celebration [‚selə΄brei∫n] n ïáÝáõÙ, ïáݳ- ѳٳñÇ ³ÝÏ»ï³:
ϳï³ñáõÙ. ÷³é³μ³ÝáõÙ, Ñéã³ÏáõÙ: cent [sent] n ó»Ýï (³Ù. ¹ñ³Ù). per ~ ïáÏáë.
celebrity [sə΄lebrəti] n Ñéã³Ï³íáñ/Ý߳ݳ- I haven’t a ~ ØÇ Ïáå»Ï/ÉáõÙ³ ãáõÝ»Ù. I don’t
íáñ Ù³ñ¹. Ñéã³Ï, ÷³éù: care a ~ ÆÝÓ Ñ³Ù³ñ ·ñáß ã³ñÅ»:
celerity [sə΄lerəti] n ³ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝ: centaur [΄sentɔ:] n ¹Çó. Ï»Ýï³íñáë:
celery [΄seləri] n μëμ. ϳñáë: centenarian [‚senti΄neəriən] n, a ѳñÛáõ-
celestial [sə΄lestiəl] a »ñÏݳÛÇÝ. ÷Ëμ. ñ³ÙÛ³ (Ù³ñ¹). ѳñÛáõñ ï³ñ»Ï³Ý:
ãùݳÕ, Ññ³ß³ÉÇ: centenary [sen΄ti:nəri] n, a ѳñÛáõñ³ÙÛ³Ï,
celibacy [΄seləbəsi] n ³ÙáõñÇáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ clause ѳñÛáõñ³ÙÛ³ ï³ñ»¹³ñÓ. ѳñÛáõñ³ÙÛ³:
ã³ÙáõëݳݳÉáõ å³ÛÙ³Ý: centigrade [΄sentigreid] a ѳñÛáõñ³ëïÇ-
celibate [΄seləbit] n, a ³ÙáõñÇ, ³ÙáõñÇ ×³Ý³ÛÇÝ (ç»ñÙ³ã³÷). ~ thermometer ò»É-
ÏÛ³Ýù. ³ÙáõñÇ: ëÇáõëÇ ç»ñÙ³ã³÷:
cell [sel] n μ³Ýï³Ëáõó. »Ï»Õ. í³ÝùÇ Ëáõó. centimeter [΄senti‚mi:tə] n ë³ÝïÇÙ»ïñ:
Ï»Ýë. μçÇç. Ù»Õí³μçÇç. condemned ~ ٳѳ- centipede [΄sentipi:d] n ϻݹ. ѳ½³ñáïݳ-
å³ñïÇ Ëáõó. ¿É. ¿É»Ù»Ýï voltaic ~ ·³Éí³- ÝÇ:
Ý³Ï³Ý ¿É»Ù»Ýï: centner [΄sentnə] n ó»ÝïÝ»ñ:
cellar [΄selə] n ÝÏáõÕ, Ù³é³Ý, ·ÇÝáõ å³ß³ñ. central [΄sentrəl] a Ï»ÝïñáݳϳÝ. ÑÇÙ-
He keeps a good ~ ܳ ÙÇßï ·ÇÝáõ Ù»Í Ý³Ï³Ý, ·É˳íáñ. ~ heating Ï»ÝïñáݳϳÝ
å³ß³ñÝ»ñ áõÝÇ: ç»éáõóáõÙ:
cellist [΄t∫elist] n Ïñ×. óíçáõóϳѳñ: centralization [‚sentrəlai΄zei∫n] n ѳٳ-
cello [΄t∫eləu] n Ïñ×. óíçáõóÏ: Ï»ÝïñáݳóáõÙ:
cellophane [΄seləfein] n ó»Éáý³Ý: centralize [΄sentrəlaiz] v ѳٳϻÝïñá-
cellular [΄seljulə] a μçç³ÛÇÝ: ݳóÝ»É:
cellulose [΄seljuləus] n a μçç³ÝÛáõÃ, ó»Éáõ- centre [΄sentə] n Ï»ÝïñáÝ, Ù»çï»Õ. dead ~
Éá½. μçç³íáñ: ÷Ëμ. Ù»éÛ³É Ï»ï. ³Ýß³ñÅ Ï»ÝïñáÝ shop-
Celt [kelt] n Ï»Éï: ping/administrative ~ ³é¨ïñ³Ï³Ý/í³ñã³-
centric(al) 142 chaff

Ï³Ý Ï»ÝïñáÝ. ~ of infection μÅßÏ. í³ñ³ÏÇ í³Í ÉÇÝ»É. It is no ~ àñáß³ÏÇ/гëï³ï ã¿.


ûç³Ë. ~ forward Ùñ½. ѳñÓ³ÏÙ³Ý Ï»Ýï- unless you’re ~ ÙÇÝ㨠ѳÙá½í³Í ãÉÇÝ»ë.
ñáÝ. in the exact ~ ×Çßï Ï»ÝïñáÝáõÙ. ~ mark (íëï³Ñ»ÉÇ, ³å³Ñáí) There is no ~ cure for
Ùñ½. Ï»ÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý Ýß³·ÍáõÙ. ~ service line this disease ²Ûë ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛ³Ý ¹»Ù ãϳ
Ùñ½. ëϽμݳѳñí³ÍÇ Ï»ÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý ·ÇÍ. ³å³Ñáí/íëï³Ñ»ÉÇ ÙÇçáó. for ~ reasons
~ strap Ùñ½. ó³ÝóÁ å³ÑáÕ ·áïÇ: áñáß å³ï׳éÝ»ñáí. under ~ conditions áñá-
centric(al) [΄sentrik(l)] a Ï»ÝïñáݳϳÝ: ß³ÏÇ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ. on ~ days áñáß³ÏÇ
centrifugal [‚sentri΄fju:gl] a Ï»Ýïñáݳ- ûñ»ñ. (ÙÇ, ÇÝã-áñ) a ~ Mr Smith ÇÝã-áñ å-Ý
ËáõÛ½: êÙÇÃ. a ~ person ÇÝã-áñ Ù»ÏÁ. make ~ ѳ-
centrifuge [΄sentrifju:dз] n ó»ÝïñÇýáõ·³: í³ëïdzݳÉ, ѳÙá½í»É, ѳëï³ï³å»ë
centripetal [sen΄tripitl] a Ï»ÝïñáݳÓÇ·: ÇٳݳÉ. make ~ of seats ï»Õ»ñÁ ³å³Ñáí»É:
centur/y [΄sent∫əri] n ѳñÛáõñ³ÙÛ³Ï, ¹³ñ. certainly [΄sə:tnli] adv ³Ýßáõßï, ÇѳñÏ»,
for ~ies ¹³ñ»ñÇ ÁÝóóùáõÙ. many ~ies ago ³ÝϳëϳÍ. ~ not ÇѳñÏ» áã, áã ÙÇ ¹»å-
ß³ï ¹³ñ»ñ ³é³ç. He lived for a ~ ܳ ÙÇ ùáõÙ. I’ll ~ come ºë ³ÝϳëÏ³Í Ï·³Ù:
³ÙμáÕç ¹³ñ ³åñ»ó. at the beginning/end of certainty [΄sə:tnti] n ³Ýï³ñ³Ïáõë»ÉÇ
the ~ ¹³ñÇ ëϽμáõÙ/í»ñçáõÙ: ÷³ëï. bet on a ~ ·ñ³½ ·³É ѳëï³ï μ³ÝÇ
cephalic [sə΄fælik] a ϽÙË. ·ÉËÇ, ·É˳ÛÇÝ: íñ³/ѳٳñ. for a ~ ѳëï³ï³å»ë, ³Ý-
cephalitis [‚sefə΄laitis] n μÅßÏ. áõÕ»ÕÇ ï³ñ³ÏáõÛë. say with ~ ѳÙá½í³Í ³ë»É.
μáñμáùáõÙ, ¿Ýó»ý³ÉÇï: That’s a ~ ¸³ ѳëï³ï ¿. know for a ~ ѳë-
ceramic [sə΄ræmik] a ϳí». Ï³í³·áñͳ- ï³ï³å»ë ·Çï»Ý³É. have no ~ for success
ϳÝ, Ë»ó»·áñͳϳÝ: ѳÙá½í³Í ãÉÇÝ»É Ñ³çáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç:
ceramics [sə΄ræmiks] n pl Ï³í³·áñÍáõ- certificate [sə΄tifikət] n íϳ۳ϳÝ. ³Ù.
ÃÛáõÝ, Ë»ó»·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ: ³ï»ëï³ï. birth ~ ÍÝÝ¹Û³Ý íϳ۳ϳÝ,
ceramist [΄serəmist] n Ï³í³·áñÍ, μñáõï: ÍÝݹ³Ï³Ý. health ~ μÅßϳϳÝ/³éáÕç³-
cereal [΄siəriəl]1. n ³Ù. ßÇɳ. ~s ѳó³- Ï³Ý ï»Õ»Ï³Ýù. health insurance ~ μÅßϳ-
ѳïÇÏ. 2. a ѳó³Ñ³ïÇϳÛÇÝ: Ï³Ý ³å³Ñáí³·ñÙ³Ý ï»Õ»Ï³Ýù/íϳ۳-
cerebellum [‚serə΄beləm] n ϽÙË. áõÕ»ÕÇÏ, ϳÝ. marriage ~ ³ÙáõëÝáõÃÛ³Ý íϳ۳ϳÝ. a
÷áùñ áõÕ»Õ: ~ from the doctor μÅßÏÇ ï»Õ»Ï³Ýù.
cerebral [΄serəbrəl] a áõÕ»Õ³ÛÇÝ: certification [‚sə:tifi΄kei∫n] íϳ۳·ñáõ-
cerebrum [sə΄ri:brəm] n ϽÙË. áõÕ»Õ, Ù»Í ÃÛáõÝ, í³í»ñ³óáõÙ. íÏ³Û³Ï³Ý ï³ÉÁ. ѳë-
áõÕ»Õ: ï³ïáõÙ:
cerecloth [΄siəklɒθ] n ÙáÙɳÃ: certify [΄sə:tifai] v íϳۻÉ, í³í»ñ³óÝ»É,
ceremonial [‚serə΄məuniəl] n, a Í»ë, ³ñ³- »ñ³ß˳íáñ»É, ѳí³ëïdzóÝ»É. μÅßÏ. ÑÇ-
ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳݹÇë³Ï³ñ·. Ó¨³Ï³Ý, ѳÝ- í³Ý¹áõÃÛ³Ý íÏ³Û³Ï³Ý ï³É. I can ~ to his
¹Çë³íáñ, ÍÇë³ÛÇÝ. a ~ dinner ѳݹÇë³íáñ character γñáÕ »Ù Ýñ³Ý »ñ³ß˳íáñ»É. ~
׳ßÏ»ñáõÛÃ. ~ dress ïáÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³·áõëï: smb Ù»ÏÇ ³ÝÓÁ ѳëï³ï»É:
ceremonious [‚serə΄məuniəs] a Ó¨³Ï³Ý, certitude [΄sə:titju:d] n ѳÙá½í³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ,
ë»Ã¨»Ã: íëï³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ, áñáß³ÏÇáõÃÛáõÝ:
ceremony [΄serəməni] n ³ñ³ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, cervical [sə΄vaikl] a ϽÙË. í½Ç, å³ñ³ÝáóÇ:
ѳݹÇë³íáñõÃÛáõÝ, Ó¨³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. stand cessation [se΄sei∫n] n ¹³¹³ñáõÙ. ~ of hostil-
on ~ (ËÇëï) å³ßïáÝ³Ï³Ý ÉÇÝ»É. tea ~ û- ities ½Çݳ¹³¹³ñ. å³ï»ñ³½Ù³Ï³Ý ·áñ-
Û³ËÙáõÃÛáõÝ, û۳ËÙáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñ³ñáÕáõ- ÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¹³¹³ñ»óáõÙ. ÁݹѳïáõÙ,
ÃÛáõÝ: ÁݹÙÇçáõÙ:
certain [΄sə:tn] a áñáß³ÏÇ. íëï³Ñ»ÉÇ, cession [΄se∫n] n ½ÇçáõÙ, ѳÝÓÝáõÙ:
³å³Ñáí. ³Ýï³ñ³Ïáõë»ÉÇ. make ~ of ѳ- cesspool [΄sespu:l] n ³Õμ³Ñáñ:
í³ëïdzݳÉ. for ~ ѳëï³ï³å»ë. We chafe [t∫eif] n ù»ñ»É. ïñáñ»É, ѳñ»É. ß÷»Éáí
don’t know for ~ гëï³ï³å»ë ã·Çï»Ýù. to ï³ù³óÝ»É. ~ at/under smth ÷Ëμ. ½³Ûñ³Ý³É
a ~ extent áñáß ã³÷áí. ~ people áñáß Ù³ñ- ÇÝã-áñ å³ï׳éáí:
¹ÇÏ. a ~ charm áñáß³ÏÇ ÑÙ³Ûù. be ~ ѳÙá½- chafer [΄t∫eifə] n Ù³ÛÇëÛ³Ý μ½»½:
chaff 143 chance

chaff [t∫a:f] n Ñ»·Ý³Ýù, ϳï³Ï: ï»ëÝ»É:


chaff [t∫a:f] v ϳï³Ï ³Ý»É, Ó»é ³éÝ»É. We challenge [΄t∫ælindз] v ϳÝã»É, Ó³ÛÝ ï³É. ~
~ed him about his girlfriend Ø»Ýù ϳï³ÏáõÙ smb Ó³ÛÝ ï³É. Ññ³íÇñ»É (ÙñóÙ³Ý, Ù³ñïÇ)
¿ÇÝù Ýñ³ ÁÝÏ»ñáõÑáõ ϳå³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ùμ: ~ smb to ÙñóÙ³Ý Ññ³íÇñ»É. Çñ³í. íÇ׳ñ-
chaffer [΄t∫æfə] n, v ë³Ï³ñÏáõÙ, ë³Ï³ñÏ»É: Ï»É, μ³ó³ñÏ Ñ³Ûï³ñ³ñ»É. ~ a will íÇ׳ñ-
chaffinch [΄t∫æfint∫] n ϻݹ. ë»ñÇÝáë Ï»É Ïï³ÏÁ. ~ smb`s fight to smth íÇ׳ñÏ»É
(ë³ñ»ÏÇ ÙÇ ï»ë³Ï): Çñ³íáõÝùÁ áñ¨¾ μ³ÝÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ:
chaffy [t∫a:fi] a ¹³ï³ñÏ, ³Ýμáí³Ý¹³Ï: challenger [΄t∫ælindзə] n Ùñ½. â»É»Ýç»ñ,
chagrin [΄∫ægrin] n, v íÇßï, ¹³éÝáõÃÛáõÝ. Ëáßáñ Ùñó³Ý³Ï³ÛÇÝ ýáݹáí Ùñó³ß³ñ:
íßï³óÝ»É, íßï³Ý³É: challenging [΄t∫ælindзiŋ] a å³Ñ³ÝçÝ»ñ
chain [t∫ein] n ßÕó. ó³Ýó, ѳٳϳñ·. ~ s Ý»ñϳ۳óÝáÕ. It’s a ~ work ²ß˳ï³ÝùÁ
ϳå³Ýù: Ù»Í å³Ñ³ÝçÝ»ñ ¿ Ý»ñϳ۳óÝáõÙ:
chain [t∫ein] a ßÕóÛÇ, ßÕóۻ. a ~ of events/ chamber [΄t∫eimbə] n å³É³ï. Gilded Cham-
mountains Çñ³¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ßÕó, ber Èáñ¹»ñÇ å³É³ï. Lower Chamber êïá-
É»éݳßÕó. a ~ smoker Çñ³ñ Ñ»ï¨Çó ñÇÝ/ѳٳÛÝùÝ»ñÇ å³É³ï. ~ of commerce
Í˳Ëáï ÍËáÕ. ~ store Ù³Ýñ³Í³Ë ˳- ²é¨ïñÇ å³É³ï. conference ~ ÏáÝý»ñ³Ýë-
ÝáõÃÝ»ñÇ ó³Ýó. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ code ßÕÃ³Û³Ï³Ý Ý»ñÇ ¹³ÑÉÇ×. criminal ~ ùñ»³Ï³Ý ¹³ï³-
Ïá¹. ~ printer ßÕÃ³Û³Ï³Ý ïåáÕ ë³ñù. ~ed ñ³Ý. ~s Çñ³í. ¹³ï³å³ßïå³ÝÇ ·ñ³ë»Ý-
file ßÕÃ³Û³Ï³Ý ý³ÛÉ: Û³Ï. in ~s ¹³ï³íáñÇ ë»ÝÛ³ÏáõÙ:
chain [t∫ein] v ßÕóۻÉ, ϳå»É. ~ up a dog chamberlain [΄t∫eimbəlin] n ó·³íáñ³-
ß³ÝÁ ßÕóۻɣ Ï³Ý ³ñùáõÝÇùÇ Ï³é³í³ñÇã:
chair [t∫eə] n ³Ãáé. comfortable/broken/folding chambermaid [΄t∫eimbəmeid] n ³Õ³ËÇÝ,
~ ѳñÙ³ñ³í»ï/Ïáïñí³Í/ͳÉáíÇ ³Ãáé. ëå³ëáõÑÇ:
leg of a ~ ³ÃáéÇ áïù. cane ~ ÑÛáõë³Í ³Ãáé. chamber music [΄t∫eimbəmju:zik] n ϳٻ-
easy ~ μ³½Ï³Ãáé. take a ~ Ýëï»É, Ýëï»ó»ù. ñ³ÛÇÝ »ñ³ÅßïáõÃÛáõÝ:
offer smb a ~ ³Ãáé ³é³ç³ñÏ»É. fall of a ~ chamberpot [΄t∫eimbəpɒt] n ·Çß»ñ³ÝáÃ:
³ÃáéÇó ÁÝÏÝ»É. (³ÙμÇáÝ) be appointed to a chameleon [kə΄mi:liən] n ϻݹ. ù³Ù»É»áÝ:
~ ³ÙμÇáÝÇ í³ñÇã Ý߳ݳÏí»É. hold a ~ chamois [΄t∫æmwa:] n ϻݹ. ù³ñ³ÛÍ. ~
³ÙμÇáÝ Õ»Ï³í³ñ»É. take the ~ at a meeting leather ½³Ùß:
ÅáÕáíáõ٠ݳ˳·³Ñ»É. take/leave the ~ champagne [‚∫æm΄pein] n ß³Ùå³ÛÝ ·ÇÝÇ:
μ³ó»É/÷³Ï»É ÅáÕáíÁ: champaign [΄t∫æmpein] n ѳñóí³Ûñ,
chair-car [΄t∫eəka:] n »ñÏÃ. ³é³ÝÓÇÝ μ³½- ¹³ßï³í³Ûñ:
ϳÃáéÝ»ñáí í³·áÝ: champion [΄t∫æmpiən] n ã»ÙåÇáÝ, ѳÕÃáÕ,
chairman [΄t∫eəmən] n ݳ˳·³Ñ: ѳÕÃ³Ý³Ï ï³ÝáÕ. ïÇïÕáë³ÏÇñ. tennis/
chairperson [΄t∫eə‚pə:s(ə)n] n ݳ˳·³Ñ world ~ ûÝÇëÇ/³ß˳ñÑÇ ã»ÙåÇáÝ. defend-
³é³Ýó ë»é»ñÇ ï³ñμ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý: ing ~ ݳËáñ¹ ï³ñí³ ïÇïÕáë³ÏÇñ. It’s ~
chairwoman [΄t∫eə‚wumən] n ÏÇÝ Ý³Ë³- ËëÏó. ¸³ ÑáÛ³Ï³å ¿:
·³Ñ/ݳ˳·³ÑáÕ, ݳ˳·³ÑáõÑÇ: championship [΄t∫æmpiən∫ip] n ³é³çÝáõ-
chaise [∫eiz] n ϳéù, ý³ÛïáÝ: ÃÛáõÝ (Ù³ñ½³Ï³Ý). ã»ÙåÇáݳï. ã»ÙåÇáÝÇ
chalet [΄∫ælei] n ßí»Ûó³ñ³Ï³Ý ïݳÏ: ÏáãáõÙ. win the world ~ at football ߳ѻÉ
chalk [t∫ɔ:k] 1. n ϳíÇ×. artist’s ~ ·áõݳٳ- ýáõïμáÉÇ ³ß˳ñÑÇ ³é³çÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ:
ïÇï. not to know ~ from cheese áã ÙÇ (μ³- chance [t∫a:ns] n ¹»åù, ³éÇÃ, å³ï³Ñ³Ï³-
ÝÇó) å³ïÏ»ñ³óáõÙ ãáõݻݳÉ. 2. a ϳí×». ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. by a lucky ~ »ñç³ÝÇÏ å³ï³Ñ³-
~ cliffs ϳí×» É»éÝ»ñ: ϳÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ. by sheer ~ ÉñÇí å³ï³Ñ³Ï³-
challenge [΄t∫ælindз] n ϳÝã, Ïáã. Ù³ñï³- ÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ/å³ï³Ñ³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý. leave things to
Ññ³í»ñ, Ùñó³Ññ³í»ñ. issue a ~ Ùñó³Ññ³- ~ ÃáÕÝ»É å³ï³Ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ÑáõÛëÇÝ It
í»ñ/Ù³ñï³Ññ³í»ñ Ý»ï»É. take up/accept a can’t have been a matter of ~ ¸³ ãÇ Ï³ñáÕ
~ ÁݹáõÝ»É Ù³ñï³Ññ³í»ñÁ. like the ~ ÷Ëμ. å³ï³Ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ÉÇÝ»É. C~s are against
Ù³ñï³Ññ³í»ñÇ Ù»ç ÇÝã-áñ ɳí μ³Ý him ²Ù»Ý ÇÝã Ýñ³ ¹»Ù ¿. games of ~ ³½³ï/
chance 144 chapel

ÙáÉÇ Ë³Õ»ñ. (Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ) Give me a ï»Õ÷áË. ~ the subject Ëáë³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ã»-


~ Ðݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ ïí»ù. a ~ of a lifetime Ù³Ý ÷áË»É. ~ gear (³íïá) ³ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝÁ
³Û¹åÇëÇ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ` ÏÛ³ÝùáõÙ ÙÇ ÷áË»É. ~ one’s tone ïáÝÁ ÷áË»É. Times ~
³Ý·³Ù. a good ~ ѳñÙ³ñ ³éÇÃ. (μ³Ëï, ųٳݳÏÝ»ñÁ ÷áËíáõÙ »Ý. You haven’t ~d
ѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, éÇëÏ) a fair ~ of success at all ´áÉáñáíÇÝ ã»ù ÷áËí»É. His expression
ѳçáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Çñ³Ï³Ý ß³Ýë»ñ. take one’s ~ ~d ¸»ÙùÇ ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÷áËí»ó.
éÇëÏ ³Ý»É. stand a good ~ μáÉáñ ß³Ýë»ñÝ Don’t bother changing ¼·»ï³÷áËí»Éáõ
áõݻݳÉ. have no ~ ß³Ýë ãáõݻݳÉ. if by any ϳñÇù ãϳ. You will have to ~ twice ¸áõù
~ »Ã» áñ¨¿ å³ï³Ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ: å»ïù ¿ »ñÏáõ ³Ý·³Ù ï»Õ÷áË Ï³ï³ñ»ù.
chance [t∫a:ns] a å³ï³Ñ³Ï³Ý: All ~ ¶Ý³óùÁ ãÇ ß³ñáõݳϻÉáõ Çñ ׳ݳ-
chance [t∫a:ns] v éÇëÏ ³Ý»É. Let’s ~ our luck å³ñÑÁ. ~ down/up (³íïá) ³ÝóÝ»É
öáñÓ»Ýù μ³ËïÁ. It ~d that ... ä³ï³Ñ»ó ÷áùñ/Ù»Í ³ñ³·áõÃÛ³Ý. ~ over ³ÝóÝ»É. ~ to
³ÛÝå»ë, áñ... I ~d on a rare book modern languages ³ÝóÝ»É Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³ÏÇó
ä³ï³Ñ³μ³ñ ß³ï ѳ½í³·Ûáõï ·Çñù É»½áõÝ»ñÇ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛ³ÝÁ:
·ï³: changeability [‚t∫eindзə΄biləti] n ÷á÷á˳-
chancellery [΄t∫a:nsələri] ¹»ëå³Ý³ïáõÝ: ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ÝϳÛáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
chancellor [΄t∫a:nsələ] n ϳÝóÉ»ñ, í³ñã³- changeable [΄t∫eindзəbl] a ÷á÷á˳ϳÝ,
å»ï. (²ØÜ –áõÙ) é»Ïïáñ. Lord Chancellor ³ÝϳÛáõÝ:
Èáñ¹»ñÇ å³É³ïÇ Ý³Ë³·³Ñ. Chancellor of changeover [΄t∫eindз‚əuvə] n Ùñ½. ÏáÕÙ»ñÇ
the Exchequer üÇݳÝëÝ»ñÇ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñ ï»Õ³÷áËáõÃÛáõÝ:
(Ø´-áõÙ): channel [΄t∫ænl] n çñ³Ýóù. ÷Ëμ. áõÕÇ, ³Õμ-
chancery [΄t∫a:nsəri] n Éáñ¹ ϳÝóÉ»ñÇ ¹³- Ûáõñ, ÙÇçáó. Ý»Õáõó. the English Channel ȳ-
ï³ñ³Ý. ³Ù. ËÕ×Ç ¹³ï³ñ³Ý. in ~ ³Ý»É³- Ù³Ýß. diplomatic ~s ¹Çí³Ý³·Çï³Ï³Ý áõ-
Ý»ÉÇ ¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç: ÕÇÝ»ñ. ~s of trade ëå³éÙ³Ý ßáõϳݻñ. ~ of
chancy [΄t∫a:nsi] a ËëÏó. íï³Ý·³íáñ: information ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛ³Ý ³ÕμÛáõñÝ»ñ.
chandelier [‚∫ændə΄liə] n ç³Ñ: through legislative ~s ûñ»Ýë¹ñ³Ï³Ý áõÕÇ-
change [t∫eindз] n ÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝ, ÷á÷á- Ý»ñáí. (Ñ»éáõëï³Íñ³·Çñ, ³ÉÇù) What’s on
ËáõÙ. great/serious/rapid ~ Ù»Í/Éáõñç/³ñ³·/ the other ~? ØÛáõë Íñ³·ñáí DZÝã ϳ. ÑÙÏñ·.
÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝ. for a ~ ÷á÷áËáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³- ~ capacity ϳݳÉÇ ÃáÕáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ/ͳí³É.
Ù³ñ. make a ~ in the agenda ûñ³Ï³ñ·áõÙ ~ command ϳݳÉÇ Õ»Ï³í³ñÙ³Ý Ññ³-
÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝ ÙïóÝ»É. a ~ for the better ѳݷ. ~ control ϳݳÉÇ/ϳݳÉÝ»ñÇ Õ»Ï³-
÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝ ¹»åÇ É³íÁ. You need a ~ í³ñáõÙ. ~ status word ϳݳÉÇ Ï³ñ·³íÇ׳-
Ò»½ å»ïù ¿ ÙÇç³í³ÛñÁ ÷áË»É. ~ of life ÏÇ/ëï³ïáõëÇ μ³é:
μÅßÏ. ÏÉÇÙ³ùë. price ~s ·Ý³ÛÇÝ ÷á÷áËáõ- chanson [∫a:n΄sɔ:n] n ýñ. »ñ·, ß³ÝëáÝ:
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. sudden ~s ѳÝϳñͳÏÇ ÷á÷á- chaos [΄keiɒs] n ù³áë, ˳éݳß÷áÃáõÃÛáõÝ.
ËáõÃÛáõÝ, ÃéÇãù. sweeping ~s ³ñÙ³ï³Ï³Ý ÑÙÏñ·. ~ paradigm áã ϳéáõóí³Íù³ÛÇÝ
÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. (÷áÕ) small ~ Ù³Ýñ Íñ³·ñÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·:
¹ñ³Ù. Don’t forget your ~ âÙáé³Ý³ù í»ñó- chaotic [kei΄ɒtik] a ù³áë³ÛÇÝ, ˳éݳ-
Ý»É Ù³ÝñÁ. rate/course of ~ ³ñÅáõÛÃÇ ÷á˳- ß÷áÃ:
ݳÏÙ³Ý Ïáõñë. ÷á˳ñÅ»ù. You’ll get no ~ chap I [t∫æp] n ËëÏó. ïÕ³, »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹. old
out of him ËëÏó. Üñ³ÝÇó μ³Ý ã»ë Çٳݳ: ~ Ùï»ñÇÙ ÁÝÏ»ñ, μ³ñ»Ï³Ù. little ~ ïÕ³,
change [t∫eindз] v ÷áË(í)»É, ÷á÷áË(í)»É. Ù³ñ¹. poor ~ Ë»Õ× ïÕ³. Come on, ~s
÷á˳ñÇÝ»É. ~ a baby »ñ»Ë³ÛÇ ï³Ï³ßáñÁ ¶Ý³Ýù, ïÕ»ñù. a ~ I know ÇÙ ÙÇ Í³ÝáÃÁ:
÷áË»É. ~ one’s dress ѳ·áõëïÁ ÷áË»É. ~ the chap II [t∫æp] n ×»Õù, ׳ù£
beds/sheets ³ÝÏáÕÝáõ ëåÇï³Ï»Õ»ÝÁ ÷á- chap [t∫æp] v ׳ù»óÝ»É, ׳ù»É. ~ped a
Ë»É. ~ one’s job/flat ³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ/μݳϳ- ׳ù³Í, ׳ù×ù³Í. ~ped hands ù³-
ñ³ÝÁ ÷áË»É. ~ furniture ϳÑáõÛùÁ í»ñ³¹³- Ùáõó/óñïÇó ׳ù×ù³Í Ó»éù»ñ:
ë³íáñ»É. ~ hands Ó»éùÇó Ó»éù ³ÝóÝ»É. ~ chapel [΄t∫æpl] n Ù³ïáõé. »Ï»Õ»óÇ (Ý»ñùÇÝ
one’s mind ÙÇïùÁ ÷áË»É. ~ trains ·Ý³óùÇ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý). ³Õáóñ³Ý. »ñ·»óÇÏ
chaperon 145 chary

ËáõÙμ, ϳå»Éɳ: ¹áɳñ í»ñóÝ»É. How much do you ~ for? ƱÝã


chaperon [΄∫æpərəun] n áõÕ»ÏóáõÑÇ (»ñÇ- ·ÇÝ »ù Ý߳ݳÏáõÙ, ƱÝã ³ñÅ». ~ It (up) to
ï³ë³ñ¹ ³ÕçÇÏÝ»ñÇÝ áõÕ»ÏóáÕ ÏÇÝ): my account Æ٠ѳßíÇÝ ·ñ»ù. I was ~d ÆÝÓ
chapiter [΄t∫æpitə] n ×ñï. ëÛáõݳ·ÉáõË, ѳÝÓݳñ³ñ»É ¿ÇÝ. (ÉÇóù³íáñ»É) ~ the bat-
ËáÛ³Ï: tery Ù³ñïÏáóÁ ÉÇóù³íáñ»É. Çñ³í. (Ù»-
chaplain [΄t∫æplin] n ù³Ñ³Ý³, ϳå»ÉɳÝ: Õ³¹ñ»É) ~ with murder Ù»Õ³¹ñ»É ëå³Ýáõ-
chaplet [΄t∫æplət] n åë³Ï, (·ÉËÇ) ųå³- ÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç:
í»Ý: chargeable [΄t∫a:dзəbl] a ýÇÝ. í׳ñÙ³Ý/
chapman [΄t∫æpmən] n Ù³Ýñ³í³×³é: ѳñÏÙ³Ý »Ýóϳ. Çñ³í. ¹³ï³å³ñï»ÉÇ.
chapter [΄t∫æptə] n ·ÉáõË (·ñùÇ). ÷Ëμ. ¿ç a ~ offence ¹³ï³å³ñï»ÉÇ íÇñ³íáñ³Ýù/
(ÏÛ³ÝùÇ). skip a ~ ·ÉáõË μ³ó ÃáÕÝ»É: ½³Ýó³Ýù:
char [t∫a:] v ³Í˳óÝ»É, ³Í˳ݳÉ. ³Ûñ»É: charger [΄t∫a:dзə] n ÷³Ù÷áõßïÇ å³-
character [΄kærəktə] n μݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ, ÑáõݳÏ:
μÝáõÛÃ. ѳïϳÝÇß. óïñ. ·áñÍáÕ ³ÝÓ. a chariot [΄t∫æriət] n åïÙ. ϳéù:
good/bad ~ ¹ñ³Ï³Ý/μ³ó³ë³Ï³Ý Ñ»ñáë. a charisma [kə΄rizmə] n ³ëïí³Í³ÛÇÝ å³ñ-
well-drawn ~ ɳí Ýϳñ³·ñí³Í Ï»ñå³ñ. ·¨. ÑÙ³Ûù, Ãáíã³Ýù, Ññ³åáõÛñ. ÓÇñù, ï³-
subsidiary ~ in the novel í»åÇ »ñÏñáñ¹³Ï³Ý ճݹ:
Ï»ñå³ñ. He’s an odd ~ î³ñûñÇÝ³Ï ïÇå ¿. charitable [΄t∫æritəbl] a μ³ñ»·áñͳϳÝ.
ÑÙÏñ·. ~ analizer ëÇÙíáÉÝ»ñÇ/ï³é»ñÇ í»ñ- ·Ã³é³ï. ~ work μ³ñ»·áñÍ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáõ-
ÉáõÍÇã. ~ coding Ýß³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ïá¹³íáñáõÙ. ~ Ý»áõÃÛáõÝ. ~ offence ¹³ï³å³ñï»ÉÇ ³ñ³ñù:
constant ëÇÙíáɳÛÇÝ Ñ³ëï³ïáõÙ. ~ field charity [΄t∫ærəti] n μ³ñ»·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ, áÕáñ-
ëÇÙíáɳÛÇÝ/ï»ùëï³ÛÇÝ ¹³ßï. ~ fill ÑÇßá- Ù³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. live on ~ áÕáñÙáõÃÛ³Ùμ ³åñ»É:
ÕáõÃÛ³Ý μ»éÝáõÙ. ~ generator ëÇÙíáÉÝ»ñÇ charity-school [΄t∫ærətisku:l] n μ³ñ»·áñ-
·»Ý»ñ³ïáñ. ~ key ëÇÙíáÉÇ ëï»ÕÝ: Í³Ï³Ý ¹åñáó:
characteristic [‚kærəktə΄ristik] 1. n μÝáñáß charlatan [΄∫a:lətən] n ˳μ»μ³, ß³éɳ-
·ÇÍ, ³é³ÝÓݳѳïÏáõÃÛáõÝ. Ù³Ã. μÝáõó- ï³Ý:
·Çñ. 2. a μÝáñáß, Ûáõñ³Ñ³ïáõÏ, ïÇå³Ï³Ý: charm [t∫a:m] 1. n ÑÙ³Ûù, Ãáíã³Ýù. ÑáõéáõÃ,
characterize [΄kærəktəraiz] v μÝáõó·ñ»É. óÉÇëÙ³Ý. ~s ϳ˳ñ¹³Ýù. turn/lay on the
μÝáñáß/ѳïϳÝß³Ï³Ý ÉÇÝ»É: ~ ÑÙ³ÛùÁ ·áñÍÇ ¹Ý»É. 2. v ÑÙ³Û»É, ¹ÛáõûÉ,
charade [∫ə΄ra:d] n í³Ýϳ˳Õ, ß³ñ³¹: Ññ³åáõñ»É:
charcoal [΄t∫a:kəul] n ÷³Ûï³ÍáõË. ³Í˳- charmer [΄t∫a:mə] n ûÓ»ñÇ Ï³Ë³ñ¹áÕ.
Ù³ïÇï. ³Í˳Ýϳñ: ÏïÏ. ϳ˳ñ¹áõÑÇ, ÑÙ³ÛÇã ÏÇÝ:
charge [t∫a:dз] n ÉÇóù, μ»éݳíáñáõÙ. Çñ³í. charming [΄t∫a:miŋ] a ëù³Ýã»ÉÇ, ÑdzݳÉÇ.
Ù»Õ³¹ñ³Ýù. false ~ Ï»ÕÍ Ù»Õ³¹ñ³Ýù. crim- ÑÙ³ÛÇã, ¹ÛáõÃÇã:
inal ~ ùñ»³Ï³Ý Ù»Õ³¹ñ³Ýù. What’s the ~ chart [t∫a:t] n Íáí³ÛÇÝ ù³ñ﻽. ³ÕÛáõu³Ï,
against him? ÆÝãá±õÙ »Ý Ýñ³Ý Ù»Õ³¹ñáõÙ. ¹Ç³·ñ³Ù. ~ flip/pad/easel ÃÕû ·ñ³ï³Ë-
(å³ï³ë˳ݳïíáõÃÛáõÝ, ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛáõÝ) ï³Ï£
Who’s in ~ here? à±í ¿ ³Ûëï»Õ ·É˳íá- charter [΄t∫a:tə] n åïÙ. Ññáí³ñï³Ï, ˳ñ-
ñÁ/å³ï³ë˳ݳïáõÝ. put in ~ of the group ïdz. ~ of the UN زΠ–Ç Ï³Ýáݳ¹ñáõ-
ËÙμÇ å³ï³ë˳ݳïáõ Ý߳ݳϻÉ. take ~ ÃÛáõÝÁ. í³ñÓáõ ݳí (μ»éݳï³ñ) a ~ flight
of ÑëÏ»É, ѻ層É. give in ~ of ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛ³Ý ã³ñï»ñ³ÛÇÝ ÃéÇãù, í³ñÓ³ãí»ñÃ:
ï³Ï ¹Ý»É. (·ÇÝ, ³ñÅ»ù, í³ñÓ) service ~ charter [΄t∫a:tə] v í³ñÓ»É. ~ bus/plane ³íïá-
ëå³ë³ñÏÙ³Ý í³ñÓ. social ~ ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý μáõë/ÇÝùݳÃÇé í³ñÓ»É. ~ a vessel ݳíÇ
ѳñÏ»ñ. ~ for admission, entrance ~ ÙáõïùÇ í³ñÓ»ñÃ:
í³ñÓ. free of ~ ³Ýí׳ñ, ÓñÇ. extra ~s Éñ³- charterer [΄t∫a:tərə] n ÷á˳¹ñ³ÙÇçáóÇ
óáõóÇã ͳËë»ñ/í³ñÓ. additional ~s íñ³¹Çñ í³ñӳϳÉ, ݳí³í³ñÓáñ¹:
ͳËë»ñ: charwoman [΄t∫a:‚wumən] n (Ïñ×. char)
charge [t∫a:dз] v ͳÝñ³μ»éÝ»É. ѳÝÓݳñ³- ïݳÛÇÝ ûñ³í³ñÓáõ ³ß˳ïáÕ, ѳí³-
ñ»É. é½Ù., Ùñ½. ·ñáÑ»É. ~ five dollar. ÑÇÝ· ù³ñ³ñáõÑÇ:
chase 146 check-up

chary [΄t∫eəri] a ½·áõÛß, ½áõëå. ~ of strangers í³×³éí»É. a ~ buy ѳçáÕ ·ÝáõÙ. on the ~
ûï³ñÝ»ñÇó ½·áõß³íáñ. C~ of cold! ¼·á°õÛß ¿Å³Ý. get off ~ ¿Å³Ý åñÍÝ»É. a ~ trick ËëÏó.
Ùñë»Éáõó: ³Ý³½ÝÇí ³ñ³ñù. a ~ remark ³Ýѳñ·³ÉÇó
chase [΄t∫eiz] n Ñ»ï³åݹáõÙ, ѳɳÍáõÙ. ¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. buy ~ and sell dear ¿Å³Ý ·Ý»É,
áñë. after a long ~ »ñϳñ Ñ»ï³åݹáõÙÇó óÝÏ í³×³é»É:
Ñ»ïá. The dog gave a ~ ÞáõÝÁ Ñ»ï³åݹ»ó cheapen [΄t∫i:pən] v ¿Å³Ý³óÝ»É, ¿Å³Ý³Ý³É.
áñëÇÝ. in ~ of áñáÝ»ÉÇë, ÷Ýïñ»ÉÇë. give a ~ ~ oneself Çñ»Ý ·ó»É:
Ñ»ï³åݹ»É, ѳɳͻÉ. a wild goose ~ ÷Ëμ. cheaply [΄t∫i:pli] adv ¿Å³Ý:
˻ɳóÝáñù ³ñ³ñù: cheat [t∫i:t] n ˳μ»μ³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ, ˳μ»μ³.
chase [΄t∫eiz] v Ñ»ï³åݹ»É, áñë³É. The dog ÃÕÃË. ˳ñ¹³Ë:
~d the cat ÞáõÝÁ ùß»ó ϳïíÇÝ. The letter ~d cheat [t∫i:t] v ˳μ»É, ˳ñ¹³Ë»É. ~ at cards
me for a month ÷Ëμ. ܳٳÏÁ ÙÇ ³ÙÇë ÇÝÓ Ë³μ»É ù³ñï³Ë³ÕÇ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï. at an exam
¿ñ ÷ÝïñáõÙ. ~ a girl ³Õçϳ Ñ»ï³åݹ»É/ ùÝÝáõÃÛ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ³ñï³·ñ»É. Stop ~ing!
ëÇñ³Ñ»ï»É: ´³í³Ï³°Ý ¿ ˳μ»ù, ì»ñç ïí»ù ˳μ»ÉáõÝ:
chaser [΄t∫eisə] n Ñ»ï³åݹáÕ, ѳɳÍáÕ. cheating [t∫i:tiŋ] n ˳ñ¹³ËáõÃÛáõÝ, ëñÇϳ-
³í. ÏáñͳÝÇã ÇÝùݳÃÇé. Íáí. ëáõ½³Ý³- ÛáõÃÛáõÝ:
í»ñÇ ÏáñͳÝÇã: check I [t∫ek] n ѳÝϳñͳÏÇ Ï³ë»óáõÙ,
chasing [΄t∫eisiŋ] n Ñ»ï³åݹáõÙ, ѳɳÍáõÙ: ³ñ·»Éù. meet with a ~ ³ñ·»ÉùÇ Ñ³Ý¹Çå»É,
chasm [΄kæz(ə)m] n ³Ý¹áõݹ, íÇÑ: ϳë»óí»É. keep/hold in a ~ ½ëå»É, ½ëå³Í
chassis [΄∫æsi] n ß³ëëÇ: å³Ñ»É. keep a ~ on one’s temper ϳñáճݳÉ
chaste [t∫eist] a Ù³ùñ³μ³ñá, áÕç³ËáÑ. Çñ»Ý ½ëå»É. ~ up ëïáõ·áõÙ, ÑëÏáõÙ. health ~
ËÇëï á×: μÅßÏ³Ï³Ý ½ÝÝáõÙ. identity ~ ÇÝùÝáõÃÛ³Ý
chasten [΄t∫eisn] v å³ïÅ»É. á×Á Ù³ùñ»É: ëïáõ·áõÙ. on-the spot ~ ëïáõ·áõÙ ï»ÕáõÙ.
chastise [t∫æ΄staiz] v å³ïÅ»É. ËÇëï ѳÝ- (³Ý¹áññ³·Çñ, ã»Ï, ï³ÉáÝ) get a ~ for the
¹ÇÙ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É: suitcase ׳ÙåñáõÏÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ³Ý¹áññ³·Çñ
chastity [΄t∫æstəti] n Ù³ùñ³μ³ñáÛáõÃÛáõÝ, ëï³Ý³É. ßËÙ. ß³Ë. He is in ~ Üñ³Ý ß³Ë ¿
ÏáõëáõÃÛáõÝ. Ù³ùñáõÃÛáõÝ (μ³ñù»ñÇ): ѳÛï³ñ³ñí³Í. put smb in ~ ß³Ë Ñ³Ûï³-
chat [t∫æt] n ½ñáõÛó, ß³Õ³Ïñ³ï³Ýù. during ñ³ñ»É. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ box ÝßÙ³Ý ¹Çñù/å³ïáõ-
our ~ Ù»ñ ½ñáõÛóÇ ÁÝóóùáõÙ. It’s time we ѳÝ. ~ sum/total ëïáõ·Çã ·áõÙ³ñ. ~ bit
had a ~ ijٳݳÏÝ ¿, áñ Ù»Ýù Ëáë»Ýù: ëïáõ·Çã μÇÃ:
chat [t∫æt] v Ëáë»É, ½ñáõó»É. (ݳ¨ª have a ~) check II [t∫ek] n í³Ý¹³Ï, ó³Ýó. a ~ material
Let’s have a little ~ ØÇ ÷áùñ ½ñáõó»Ýù. ~ up í³Ý¹³Ï³íáñ Ïïáñ:
smn ËëÏó. ѳÙá½»É: check [t∫ek] v ½ëå»É, ϳë»óÝ»É. ~ one’s tears/
chattels [΄t∫ætls] n pl ß³ñÅ³Ï³Ý ·áõÛù/ϳÛù. anger ³ñóáõÝùÁ/½³ÛñáõÛÃÁ ½ëå»É. (ѳݹÇ-
goods and ~ áõÝ»ó³Í-ãáõÝ»ó³ÍÁ: ٳݻÉ) She ~ed her son ܳ ѳݹÇٳݻó Çñ
chatter [΄t∫ætə] n ß³ï³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝ, ß³Õ³- áñ¹áõÝ. (ëïáõ·»É) ~ knowledge/weight/an en-
Ïñ³ï³Ýù. ÍÉíÉáó (ÃéãáõÝÝ»ñÇ): gine ëïáõ·»É ·Çï»ÉÇùÁ/ÏßÇéÁ/ß³ñÅÇãÁ. ~
chatter [΄t∫ætə] v ß³ï³Ëáë»É, ß³Õ³Ïñ³- the luggage at the customs Ù³ùë³ï³ÝÁ áõÕ»-
ï»É. ÍÉíɳÉ. ÷Ëμ. ³ï³ÙÝ»ñÁ ãËÏãËϳó- μ»éÁ ëïáõ·»É. ~ in/at/out of a hotel ·ñ³Ýó-
Ý»É. His teeth were ~ing with cold ²ï³ÙÝ»ñÁ í»É/ѳßÇíÁ ÷³Ï»É/¹áõñë ·ñí»É ÑÛáõñ³Ýá-
óñïÇó ãËÏãËÏáõÙ ¿ÇÝ: óÇó:
chatterbox [΄t∫ætəbɒks] n ß³ï³Ëáë, checkerboard [΄t∫ekəbɔ:d] n ß³ËÙ³ïÇ
ß³Õ³Ïñ³ï, ã³ã³Ý³Ï: ï³Ëï³Ï:
chatty [΄t∫æti] a ß³ï³Ëáë, ß³Õ³Ïñ³ï. a ~ checkered [΄t∫ekəd] a ˳Ûï³μÕ»ï. í³Ý-
style ËëÏó. Ëáë³Ïó³Ï³Ý á×. a ~ letter Ýá- ¹³Ï³íáñ:
ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí/μ³Ùμ³ë³Ýùáí ÉÇ Ý³Ù³Ï: checkmate [΄t∫ekmeit] n ßËÙ. ß³Ë ¨ Ù³ï:
chauffeur [΄∫əufə] n ³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý í³ñáñ¹: check-room [΄t∫ekru:m] n ѳݹ»ñÓ³ñ³Ý,
cheap [t∫i:p] 1. a ¿Å³Ý, ¿Å³Ý³·ÇÝ. 2. adv å³Ñ³ë»ÝÛ³Ï:
¿Å³Ý. hold ~ ã·Ý³Ñ³ï»É. go ~ ¿Å³Ý ·Ýáí check-up [΄t∫ekΛp] n ëïáõ·áõÙ. μÅßÏ.
cheek 147 chest

½ÝÝáõÙ, ùÝÝáõÙ: cake ßáé³Ï³ñϳݹ³Ï. ˳ã³åáõñÇ:


cheek [t∫i:k] n ³Ûï, Ãáõß. sunken/withered ~s cheesed off [΄t∫i:zdɔf] a ËëÏó. Ó³ÝÓñ³ó³Í.
÷áë ÁÝϳÍ/ÃáñßáÙ³Í ³Ûï»ñ. (³Ýå³ïϳ- He is pretty ~ with his job ܳ ³Ñ³íáñ Ó³ÝÓ-
éáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳݹ·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ) have the ~ to say ñ³ó»É ¿ Çñ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇó (½³ÑÉ»Ý ·Ý³-
ѳݹ·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»Ý³É ³ë»Éáõ. What ~! ó»É ¿):
Æ°Ýã ѳݹ·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. (ѳٳñÓ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ) cheesemonger [΄t∫i:z‚mΛŋgə] n ϳÃݳ-
C~ brings success гٳñÓ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ ѳ- Ùûñù í³×³éáÕ:
çáÕáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ μ»ñáõÙ. to one’s own ~ ËëÏó. cheeseparing [΄t∫i:z‚peəriŋ] 1. n ·ñáß³-
³Ù»Ý ÇÝã ÙdzÛÝ Çñ ѳٳñ: Ýáó/Ïáå»Ï³Ýáó ïÝï»ëáõÙ/ËݳÛáÕáõÃÛáõÝ.
cheek-bone [΄t∫i:kbəun] n ³ÛïáëÏñ: 2. a Åɳï, ÏÍÍÇ:
cheekboned [΄t∫i:kbəund] a ³ÛïáëÏñáï, chef [∫ef] n ³í³· Ëáѳñ³ñ:
óóí³Í ³ÛïáëÏñ»ñáí. high ~ óóí³Í chef-d’oeuvre [‚∫ei΄də:vrə] n ·ÉáõË·áñÍáó:
³ÛïáëÏñ»ñ áõÝ»óáÕ: chemical [΄kemikl] a ùÇÙdzϳÝ. ~ substance
cheeky [΄t∫i:ki] a ѳݹáõ·Ý, ³Ý³ÙáÃ, ³Ý- ùÇÙÇ³Ï³Ý ÝÛáõÃ:
å³ïϳé. be ~ to smb Ïáåï»É ³ÝѳñÙ³ñ chemicals [΄kemikls] n pl ùÇÙdzϳÝ
Ó¨áí Çñ»Ý å³Ñ»É: ÝÛáõûñ:
cheep [t∫i:p] n Ííáó, ÍíÍíáó, ÍíÍí³É, chemise [∫ə΄mi:z] n ϳݳóÇ ß³åÇÏ:
×í×í³É. He didn’t utter a ~ ÜáõÛÝÇëÏ ãÍí³ó, chemist [΄kemist] n ùÇÙÇÏáë. ¹»Õ³·áñÍ,
ÍåïáõÝ ãѳݻó: ¹»Õ³í³×³é. the ~‘s ¹»Õ³ïáõÝ:
cheer [t∫iə] n ѳí³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, μ³ó³Ï³Ýãáõ- chemistry [΄kemistri] n ùÇÙdz. the depart-
ÃÛáõÝ. ~s ͳ÷³Ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ, μ³ó³Ï³Ý- ment of ~ ùÇÙÇ³Ï³Ý ý³ÏáõÉï»ï. agricul-
ãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. Three ~s for our captain. λóó»° tural ~ ³·ñáùÇÙdz:
Ù»ñ ϳåÇï³ÝÁ. receive with ~s áÕçáõÛÝ- cheque [t∫ek] n. í׳ñ³·Çñ, ã»Ï (ã»ù). draw
Ý»ñáí ÁݹáõÝ»É. (ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ) be of a ~ ã»Ï ¹áõñë ·ñ»É. cash a ~ ã»Ï Ù³ñ»É, ã»Ïáí
good/bad ~s ɳí/í³ï ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ¹ñ³Ù ëï³Ý³É. a blank/traveller’s ~ ãÉñ³ó-
ÉÇÝ»É. C~s ! Ò»ñ ϻݳóÁ: í³Í, ¹³ï³ñÏ/ ׳Ù÷áñ¹³Ï³Ý, ïáõ-
cheer [t∫iə] v μ³ó³Ï³ÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí ѳ- ñÇëï³Ï³Ý ã»Ï. pay by ~ ã»Ïáí í׳ñ»É:
í³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É. ͳ÷³Ñ³ñ»É, áÕçáõÝ»É. ~ cheque-book [΄t∫ekbuk] n ã»ÏÇ ·ñùáõÛÏ.
up ù³ç³É»ñ»É. ~ up on the runners í³½áÕ- chequer [΄t∫ekə] n ß³ËÙ³ïÇ ï³Ëï³Ï:
Ý»ñÇÝ μ³ñÓñ³Ó³ÛÝ ù³ç³É»ñ»É. C~ up! Ø°Ç chequer-wise [΄t∫ekəwaiz] adv ß³ËÙ³ï³-
íѳïíÇñ, äǰݹ ϳó: ÛÇÝ Ï³ñ·áí:
cheerful [΄t∫iəfl] a áõñ³Ë, Ï»Ýëáõñ³Ë, cherish [΄t∫eri∫] v ÷³Û÷³Û»É, ï³Í»É. ~
½í³ñÃ. in a ~ mood áõñ³Ë ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõ- hopes/illusions ÑáõÛë»ñ/å³ïñ³ÝùÝ»ñ ï³-
ÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç. He looked ~ ܳ áõñ³Ë/½í³ñà ͻÉ. ~ memories ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ óÝÏ
ï»ëù áõÝ»ñ. A ~ fire was blazing ²ßËáõÛÅ ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É:
Ïñ³Ï ¿ñ í³éíáõÙ: cherry [΄t∫eri] n μ³É. white ~ Ï»é³ë. ~ tree
cheerfulness [΄t∫iəflnəs] n Ï»Ýëáõñ³Ëáõ- μ³É»ÝÇ. ~ stone μ³ÉÇ Ïáñǽ. ~ pie μ³Éáí
ÃÛáõÝ, ϳÛï³éáõÃÛáõÝ: ϳñϳݹ³Ï. ~ brandy μ³ÉÇ ÉÇÏÛáñ:
cheering [΄t∫iəriŋ] a ù³ç³É»ñÇã, ù³ç³- cherub [΄t∫erəb] n ù»ñáíμ»/ù»ñáμ», Ññ»ß-
É»ñáÕ, Ëñ³ËáõëÇã, Ëñ³ËáõëáÕ: ï³Ï:
cheerio [‚t∫iəri΄əu] adv ËëÏó. гçáÕáõÃÛá°õÝ: chess [t∫es] n ß³ËÙ³ï. play ~ ß³ËÙ³ï ˳-
cheerless [΄t∫iələs] a íѳï, ïñïáõÙ, Ùé³ÛÉ: Õ³É. a game of ~ ÙÇ Ë³Õ (å³ñïdz)
cheery [΄t∫iəri] a ÅÇñ, áõñ³Ë, ½í³ñÃ: ß³ËÙ³ï:
cheese [t∫i:z] n å³ÝÇñ. a whole ~ ÙÇ ·ÉáõË chessboard [΄t∫esbɔ:d] n ß³ËÙ³ïÇ ï³Ë-
å³ÝÇñ. green ~ óñÙ/³Ý³ÉÇ å³ÝÇñ. cot- ï³Ï:
tage ~ ßáé. cream ~ ßáé³½³Ý·í³Í. strong ~ chessman [΄t∫esmæn] n ß³ËÙ³ïÇ Ë³Õ³-
³ÕÇ/ÏÍáõ å³ÝÇñ. processed ~ Ñ³É³Í å³- ù³ñ/ýÇ·áõñ£
ÝÇñ. ripe ~ ³ÕÁ ¹ñ³Í å³ÝÇñ. grated ~ ù»- chessplayer [΄t∫es‚pleiə] n ß³ËÙ³ïÇëï:
ñ³Í å³ÝÇñ. big ~ ËëÏó. ϳñ¨áñ ³ÝÓ. ~- chest [t∫est] n Ù»Í ³ñÏÕ, ëݹáõÏ. ~ of drawers
chestnut 148 chimney-stalk

³ñÏÕÝ»ñáí å³Ñ³ñ³Ý, ÏáÙá¹. linen ~ ëåÇ- chilblained [΄t∫ilbleind] a óñï³Ñ³ñí³Í:


ï³Ï»Õ»ÝÇ å³Ñ³ñ³Ý. ϽÙË. ÏñÍù³í³Ý- child [t∫aild] n »ñ»Ë³, ½³í³Ï, Ñ»ïÝáñ¹,
¹³Ï. have a pain in the ~ ÏñÍù³í³Ý¹³Ïáõ٠ųé³Ý·, foster ~ Ñá·»½³í³Ï, ë³ÝÇÏ. step
ó³í»ñ áõݻݳÉ. get smth out of ~ ÷Ëμ. ëÇñ- ~ Ëáñà »ñ»Ë³. from a ~ Ù³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝÇó.
ïÁ ¹³ï³ñÏ»É: with ~ ÑÕÇ. Madonna and ~ ïÇñ³Ù³ÛñÁ
chestnut [΄t∫estnΛt] 1. n ß³·³Ý³Ï. (ݳ¨ª »ñ»Ë³ÛÇ Ñ»ï. abandoned/adopted ~ Éùí³Í/
spanish/sweet ~). 2, a ß³·³Ý³Ï³·áõÛÝ ~ hair áñ¹»·ñí³Í »ñ»Ë³. ÑÙÏñ·. Ñ»ïÝáñ¹.
ß³·³Ý³Ï³·áõÛÝ Ù³½»ñ. ËëÏó. Ñݳó³Í ¹áõëïñ ¿É»Ù»Ýï. ~ node ¹áõëïñ ѳݷáõÛó.
³Ý»Ï¹áï: ~ web ¹áõëïñ ϳï³Éá·:
chest-trouble [΄t∫est‚trΛbl] n Ãáù»ñÇ ùñá- childbirth [΄t∫aildbə:θ] n ÍÝݹ³μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝ: childhood [΄t∫aildhud] n Ù³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ. in ~
chest-voice [΄t∫estvɔis] n ÏñÍù³ÛÇÝ Ó³ÛÝ: »ñ»Ë³ ųٳݳÏ. back in one’s second ~
chew [t∫u:]1. n ͳÙáÝ. 2. v ͳٻÉ. ~ over smth ÝáñÇó Ù³ÝϳݳÉ, »ñÏñáñ¹ Ù³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
÷Ëμ. Ùï³Í»É/ËáñÑ»É ÙÇ μ³ÝÇ Ù³ëÇÝ: childish [΄t∫aildi∫] a Ù³ÝϳϳÝ, »ñ»Ë³Û³-
chewing gum [t∫u:iŋgΛm] n ͳÙáÝ: ϳÝ:
chic [∫i:k] a ßù»Õ, ¿É»·³Ýï: childless [΄t∫aildləs] a ³Ý½³í³Ï:
chicane [∫i΄kein] v Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É: childlike [΄t∫aildlaik] a »ñ»Ë³ÛÇ ÝÙ³Ý. ³Ý-
chicanery [∫i΄keinəri] n Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ, Ù»Õ, ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ. a ~ innocence/belief Ù³Ýϳ-
μͳËݹñáõÃÛáõÝ: Ï³Ý ³ÝÙ»ÕáõÃÛáõÝ/ѳí³ï:
chicken [΄t∫ikin]1. n ×áõï. boiled/roasted ~ children [΄t∫ildrən] n »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñ. The ~ are
˳߳Í/ï³å³Ï³Í ѳí. ~ soup ѳíÇ ³ñ-
doing well at school ºñ»Ë³Ý»ñÁ É³í »Ý ëá-
·³Ý³Ï/ëáõå. She is no ~ ËëÏó. ܳ ³ñ¹»Ý
íáñáõÙ. ~‘s hospital Ù³ÝÏ³Ï³Ý ÑÇí³Ý¹³-
»ñÇï³ë³ñ¹ ãÇ: Don’t count your ~s before
Ýáó ~‘s film/theatre/literature Ù³ÝϳϳÝ
they’re hatched Öï»ñÝ ³ßݳÝÝ »Ý ѳßíáõÙ:
ýÇÉÙ/óïñáÝ/·ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ÷Ëμ.
2. v í³Ë»Ý³É:
Thank’s ~‘s play to him ¸³ Ýñ³ ѳٳñ
chicken-hearted [΄t∫ikin‚ha:tid] a í³Ë- Ù³ÝÏ³Ï³Ý Ë³Õ ¿, ß³ï Ñ»ßï/¹³ï³ñÏ
Ïáï, ÷áùñá·Ç:
μ³Ý ¿. ÑÙÏñ·. ¹áõëïñ ·ñ³éáõÙÝ»ñ:
chicken-liver [΄t∫ikin‚livə] n í³ËÏáï, chill [t∫il] n óáõñï, ½áíáõÃÛáõÝ. Ùñë³Íáõ-
»ñÏãáï:
ÃÛáõÝ. ÷Ëμ. ë³éÝáõÃÛáõÝ. catch a ~ Ùñë»É.
chicken-pox [΄t∫ikin‚pɔks] n çñͳÕÇÏ: cast a ~ ë³éÝáõÃÛáõÝ ÙïóÝ»É:
chicory [΄t∫ikəri] n óÇÏáñÇ (μáõÛë): chill [t∫il] v ë³é»É, ë³é»óÝ»É. ¹áÕ³óÝ»É. be
chide [t∫aid] v ݳ˳ï»É, Ïßï³Ùμ»É. áéݳÉ, ~ed to the bone ÙÇÝ㨠áëÏáñÁ ë³é»É. ~ a wine
ÙéÝã³É (ù³ÙÇÝ):
·ÇÝÇÝ ë³é»óÝ»É:
chief [t∫i:f]1. n ³é³çÝáñ¹. å»ï. ËëÏó. ß»ý. chilly [΄t∫il] a ë³éÁ, ½áí, Ñáí. ÷Ëμ. ãáñ
~ of police (ݳ¨ª ~ constable) áëïÇϳ-
(ÁݹáõÝ»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ):
ݳå»ï. ~ of staff ßï³μÇ å»ï, ³ß˳ï³-
ϳ½ÙÇ Õ»Ï³í³ñ. 2. a ·É˳íáñ, ÑÇÙݳ-
chime [t∫aim] 1. n ÕáÕ³Ýç ~ of bells ½³Ý·»ñÇ
ÕáÕ³Ýç. 2. v ½³Ý·»ñÁ ï³É. ųٳóáõÛóÁ
ϳÝ. ~ engineer ·É˳íáñ ÇÝŻݻñ. ~ pro-
Ë÷»É. The clock ~d three ijٳóáõÛóÁ Ë÷»ó
grammer ·É˳íáñ Íñ³·ñ³íáñáÕ. the ~
»ñ»ùÁ. The doorbell ~d ¸é³Ý ½³Ý·Á ÑÝã»ó:
thing ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý μ³ÝÁ:
chiefly [t∫i:fli] adv ·É˳íáñ³å»ë, ѳïϳ- chimera [kai΄miərə] n óÝáñù, ùÇÙ»ñ:
å»ë. ³Ù»ÝÇó ³é³ç. This ~ applies to the stu-
chimerical [kai΄merikl] a óÝáñ³ÛÇÝ, ùÇÙ»-
ñ³ÛÇÝ, ùÇÙ»ñ³Ï³Ý:
dents ¸³ ·É˳íáñ³å»ë í»ñ³μ»ñáõÙ ¿
áõë³ÝáÕÝ»ñÇÝ:
chimney [΄t∫imni] n ÍËÝ»ÉáõÛ½. ɳÙåÇ
³å³ÏÇ. μáõ˳ñÇ. Ññ³μËÇ Ë³éݳñ³Ý:
chieftain [t∫i:ftən] n ó»Õ³å»ï. ³í³½³Ï³- chimney-piece [΄t∫imnipi:s] n μáõ˳ñáõ
å»ï. ³ï³Ù³Ý:
í»ñ¨Ç Ù³ëÁ:
chiff-chaff [΄t∫ift∫æf] n ϻݹ. ¹»ÕݳͳÕÇÏ chimney-pot [΄t∫imnipɒt] n ÍËÝ»ÉáõÛ½:
(ÃéãáõÝ):
chilblain [΄t∫ilblein] n Ù³ïÝ»ñÇ óñï³Ñ³- chimney-stalk [΄t∫imnistɔ:k] n ·áñͳñ³ÝÇ
ÍËÝ»ÉáõÛ½:
ñáõÙ (óñï³Ñ³ñáõÙÇó ³é³ç³ó³Í áõéáõóù):
chimney-sweep(er) 149 choos(e)y

chimney-sweep(er) [΄t∫imni‚swi:p(ə)] n chlorine [΄klɔ:ri:n] n ùÉáñ:


ÍËÝ»ÉáõÛ½ Ù³ùñáÕ: chloroform [΄klɒrəfɔ:m] n ùÉáñáýáñÙ:
chin [t∫in] n Ͻ³Ï. sharp, pointed ~ ëáõï chock [t∫ɒk] 1. n ë»å. Ý»óáõÏ. 2. v ÉóÝ»É,
Ͻ³Ï. double ~ ÏñÏݳϽ³Ï. stubborn ~ ϳ- ËóÏ»É:
Ù³Ïáñ Ͻ³Ï. protruding/massive/round/firm/ chock-a-block [‚t∫ɒkə΄blɒk] a É»÷ É»óáõÝ.
decided ~ ¹áõñë óóí³Í/ ٻͳͳí³É/ÏÉáñ³- The square was ~ with cars Ðñ³å³ñ³ÏáõÙ
íáõÝ/ѳëï³ï³Ï³Ù/í×é³Ï³Ý Ͻ³Ï. up to ˳éÝÇËáõéÝ Éóí»É ¿ÇÝ Ù»ù»Ý³Ý»ñÁ:
the ~ ÙÇÝ㨠³Ï³ÝçÝ»ñÁ: chock-full [‚t∫ɒk΄ful] a ˳éÝÇËáõéÝ. The
china [΄t∫ainə] n ׻ݳå³ÏÇ. a piece of ~ room is ~ of furniture ê»ÝÛ³ÏÁ É»÷ É»óáõÝ ¿
׻ݳå³ÏÛ³ Çñ (·³í³Ã ¨ ³ÛÉÝ): ϳÑáõÛùáí£
china-ware [΄t∫ainəweə] n ׻ݳå³ÏÛ³ chocolate [΄t∫ɒklət] n ßáÏáɳ¹. a cup/ bar of
Çñ»ñ: ~ ÙÇ ·³í³Ã/ë³ÉÇÏ ßáÏáɳ¹. a box of ~s ÙÇ
Chinese [‚t∫ai΄ni:z] n, a, ãÇݳóÇ, ãÇݳñ»Ý, ïáõ÷ ßáÏáɳ¹» ÏáÝý»ïÝ»ñ. a ~ box ßáÏá-
ãÇݳϳÝ: ɳ¹» ïáõ÷:
chink I [t∫iŋk] n ×»Õù, ×»Õùí³Íù: choice [t∫ɔis]1. n ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝ. large/wide/
chink II [t∫iŋk] n ½Ý·áó, ½ñÝ·áó. ËëÏó. bad/final ~ Ù»Í/ɳÛÝ/í³ï/í»ñçÝ³Ï³Ý ÁÝï-
ϳÝËÇÏ ¹ñ³Ù: ñáõÃÛáõÝ. make a good ~ ɳí ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝ
chintz [t∫ints] n, a ãÇÃ, ãû: ϳï³ñ»É. have no ~ but áõñÇß »Éù ãáõݻݳÉ.
chip [t∫ip] n ï³ß»Õ, μ»Ïáñ. ÷ßáõñ, Ïïáñ. approved ~ ˻ɳÙÇï, áÕç³ËáÑ ÁÝïñáõ-
˳ճÝÇß (ýÇßϳ). ~s Ë׳ù³ñ. a ~ on the ÃÛáõÝ. 2. a ÁÝïÇñ, É³í³·áõÛÝ:
edge åáÏí³Í ÏïáñÇ ï»ÕÁ. a ~ off old block choir [΄kwaiə] n »ñ·ã³ËáõÙμ:
ËëÏó. ÉñÇí ѳÛñÝ ¿. potato ~s μ³ñ³Ï ï³- choke [t∫əuk] n Ñ»ÕÓ³ÝùÇ Ýáå³:
å³Ï³Í ϳñïáýÇÉ. ÑÙÏñ·. Ù³Ýñ³ë˻ٳ choke [t∫əuk] v ßÝã³ëå³é ÉÇÝ»É, ˻չí»É.
ÃÇûÕÇÏ, ãÇ÷. ~ design database ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ Sobs ~d her лϻÏáóÁ ˻չáõÙ ¿ñ Ýñ³Ý.
μ³½³ μÛáõñ»ÕÝ»ñÇ Ý³Ë³·ÍÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ. ~ (Ï»Õïáï»É, ³Õïáï»É) The pipe is ~d up
set ÙÇÏñáë˻ٳݻñÇ Ñ³í³ù³Íáõ: again ËáÕáí³ÏÁ ÝáñÇó Éóí»É ¿ (Ï»Õïáí).
chip [t∫ip] v ï³ß»É, Ïáïñí»É. ~ stones ù³ñ The garden is ~d with weeds ²Û·ÇÝ Í³ÍÏí»É ¿
÷ßñ»É. Chickens ~ out of the egg ×ï»ñÁ ×»Õ- ÙáɳËáï»ñáí. He ~d on a bone àëÏáñÁ Ïá-
ùáõÙ »Ý ÓíÇ Ï×»åÁ. The cups ~ easily ¶³- Ïáñ¹áõÙ ¿ñ Ùݳó»É. ~ with anger ϳï³-
í³ÃÇ μ»ñ³ÝÝ»ñÁ ³ñ³· ÃéÝáõÙ »Ý. ~ in ÕáõÃÛáõÝÇó ˻չí»É:
Ëáë³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý/ÏéíÇ Ù»ç ÙïÝ»É. He is al- choke-damp [΄t∫əukdæmp] n ѳÝù³ÑáñÇ
ways ~ping in ܳ ÙÇßï Ù»ç ¿ ÁÝÏÝáõÙ: ·³½:
chirp [΄t∫ə:p] 1. n ×éíáÕÛáõÝ, ÍÉíÉáó. 2. v choker [΄t∫əukə] n ûëÉ³Û³Í μ³ñÓñ ûÓÇù.
×éíáÕ»É, ÍÉíɳÉ: ËëÏó. ÷áÕϳå:
chirpy [΄t∫ə:pi] a Ï»Ýëáõñ³Ë, ³ßËáõÛÅ, cholera [΄kɒlərə] n ËáÉ»ñ³. summer ~
áõñ³Ë: ³ñݳÉáõÍ, ¹Ç½»Ýï»ñdz:
chirrup [΄t∫irəp] n, v ÍÉíÉáó, ÍÉíɳÉ: choleric [΄kɒlərik] a Ù³ÕÓ³ÛÇÝ, Ù³ÕÓáï.
chisel [΄t∫izl] n, v ÏïñÇã, ѳïÇã. ¹áõñ. ¹Ûáõñ³μáñμáù:
ù³Ý¹³Ï»É, ÑÕÏ»É: choose [t∫u:z] v ÁÝïñ»É. ~ picture/seat/the right
chiselled [΄t∫izld] a ÑÕÏí³Í: moment Ýϳñ/ï»Õ/ѳñÙ³ñ å³Ñ ÁÝïñ»É.
chit I [t∫it] n »ñÏïáÕ, ³Ý¹áññ³·Çñ: There is nothing to ~ ÀÝïñ»Éáõ μ³Ý ãϳ. be
chit II [t∫it] n ÁÝÓÛáõÕ. ÷áùñ »ñ»Ë³. a ~ of a chosen as ÁÝïñí»É áñå»ë. (·»ñ³¹³ë»É,
girl ËëÏó. ³ÝåÇï³Ý ³ÕçÇÏ£ ݳËÁÝïñ»É) He chose to stay at home ܳ
chit-chat [΄t∫itt∫æt] n ß³Õ³Ïñ³ï³Ýù, μ³Ù- ·»ñ³¹³ë»ó ï³ÝÁ ÙݳÉ. What would you ~
μ³ë³Ýù: to do? ƱÝã ÏݳËÁÝïñ»Çù ³Ý»É. just as you
chivalrous [΄∫ivlrəs] a ³ëå»ï³Ï³Ý: ~ ÇÝãå»ë Ïáõ½»Ý³ù. He cannot ~ but obey
chivalry [΄∫ivlri] n ³ëå»ïáõÃÛáõÝ: Üñ³Ý ÙÝáõÙ ¿ ÙdzÛÝ Ñݳ½³Ý¹í»É, ܳ ãÇ
chloride [΄klɔ:raid] n ùÇÙ. ùÉáñǹ. cupreous ϳñáÕ ãÑݳ½³Ý¹í»É:
~ åÕÝÓ³ùÉáñǹ: choos(e)y [΄t∫u:zi] a ¹Åí³ñ³Ñ³×. be ~ about
chop I 150 chum

one’s food áõï»Éáõ ѳñóáõÙ ¹Åí³ñ³Ñ³× christianize [΄krist∫ənaiz] v ùñÇëïáÝÛ³


ÉÇÝ»É: ¹³ñÓÝ»É, ùñÇëïáÝ»³óÝ»É:
chop I [t∫ɒp] n ѳñí³Í, ½³ñÏ. óϳÍá Christmas [΄krisməs] n (Ïñ×. Xmas)
ÏáïÉ»ï. mutton/pork ~ áã˳ñÇ/Ëá½Ç ó- ÌÝáõݹ. øñÇëïáëÇ ÍÝÝ¹Û³Ý »Ï»Õ»ó³Ï³Ý
ϳÍá ÏáïÉ»ï. get the ~ ËëÏó. ³ß˳- ïáÝ. a ~ day ÌÝÝ¹Û³Ý ûñÁ. ~ eve ÌÝݹ۳Ý
ï³ÝùÇó Ñ»é³óí»É: ݳËûñ». ~ tree ïáݳͳé (ÍÝݹ۳Ý). the ~
chop II [t∫ɒp] n ÷á÷áËáõÙ, ï³ï³ÝáõÙ£ holidays ÌÝÝ¹Û³Ý ïáÝ»ñ. ~ box ÌÝݹ۳Ý
chop I [t∫ɒp] v Ïïñï»É, Ïïñ³ï»É, Ïáïáñ»É. Ýí»ñÝ»ñ. ~ tide æñûñÑÝ»ù. Merry ~ !
~ up Ïáïáñ»É, Ù³Ýñ»É. ~ up meat/wood ÞÝáñѳíá¯ñ ÌÝáõݹ:
ÙÇë/÷³Ûï Ïáïáñ»É. ~ down a tree ͳéÁ chromatic [krə΄mætik] a ùñáÙ³ïÇÏ,
Ïïñ»É. ~ off a branch ×ÛáõÕÁ Ïïñ»É. He is al- ·áõݳÛÇÝ. »ñÅß. ùñáÙ³ïÇÏ:
ways ~ing and changing ²Ýѳëï³ï Ù³ñ¹ ¿, chrome [krəum] n ùñáÙ. ùñáٳݻñÏ:
Üñ³ ß³μ³ÃÁ ÑÇÝ· áõñμ³Ã áõÝÇ: chromium [΄krəumiəm] n ùÇÙ. ùñáÙ. a ~
chop II [t∫ɒp] v ÷áË»É, ÷á÷áË»É. »ñ»ñ³É, plated ùñáÙ³å³ï:
ï³ï³Ýí»É. ~ about áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ ѳÝϳñ-
chronic [΄krɒnik] a ùñáÝÇϳϳÝ, ß³ñáõݳ-
ͳÏÇ ÷áË»É:
ϳϳÝ, ѳñ³ï¨. ~ disease/illness ùñáÝÇÏ
chop-house [΄t∫ɒphaus] n ¿Å³Ý³·ÇÝ é»ë- ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝ:
ïáñ³Ý.
chopped [΄t∫ɒpd] a Ïïñï³Í, Ïáïáñ³Í. ~ chronically [΄krɒnik(ə)li] adv ³ÝÁݹѳï,
ß³ñáõݳÏ, ùñáÝÇÏáñ»Ý:
meat/cabbage Ïáïáñ³Í ÙÇë/ϳճÙμ:
chopper [΄t∫ɒpə] n Ù»Í ¹³Ý³Ï, ϳóÇÝ. chronicle [΄krɒnikl] n ųٳݳϳ·ñáõ-
ÃÛáõÝ:
ѳïÇã. óïñ. ÑëÏÇã:
chopping board [΄t∫ɒpiŋbɔ:d] n (ÙÇëÁ) Ïá- chronicler [΄krɒniklə] n ųٳݳϳ·Çñ,
å³ïÙ³·Çñ:
ïáñ»Éáõ/Ïïñï»Éáõ ï³Ëï³Ï:
choppy [΄t∫ɒpi] a ÷á÷á˳ϳÝ, áõÅ·ÇÝ chronologic(al) [‚krɒnə΄lɒdзikl] a ųٳ-
ݳϳ·ñ³Ï³Ý:
(ù³ÙÇ):
chopstick [΄t∫ɒpstik] n å³ï³é³ù³ÕÇ ÷á- chronology [krə΄nɒlədзi] n ųٳݳϳ-
˳ñ»Ý û·ï³·áñÍíáÕ ÓáÕÇÏ (âÇݳëï³- ·ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ùñáÝáÉá·Ç³:
ÝáõÙ, Ö³åáÝdzÛáõÙ): chrysanthemum [krə΄sænθiməm] n μëμ.
choral [kɔ΄ra:l] a »ñ·ã³ËÙμ³Ï³Ý, »ñ·ã³- ùñǽ³ÝûÙ, áëϻͳÕÇÏ:
ËÙμ³ÛÇÝ: chubby [΄t∫Λbi] a ÃÙμÉÇÏ, ÏÉáñ³¹»Ù. a ~ baby
chorale [kɔ΄ra:l] n »Ï»Õ. ËÙμ»ñ·áõÃÛáõÝ, ÃÙμÉÇÏ »ñ»Ë³:
Ëáñ³É: chuck I [t∫Λk] n ×áõï. ÷Õù. ×áõïÇÏ:
chord [kɔ:d] n ɳñ. Ù³Ã. ɳñ³·ÇÍ. ϽÙË. chuck II [t∫Λk] n ËëÏó. áõï»ÉÇù, ëÝáõݹ:
ɳñ. »ñÅß. ³Ïáñ¹. touch the right ~ ÷Ëμ. chuck III [t∫Λk] n ßåñïáõÙ, Ý»ïáõÙ:
³Ù»Ý³½·³ÛáõÝ Ã»É»ñÇÝ ¹Çåã»É. vocal ~s chuck [t∫Λk] v ßåñï»É, Ý»ï»É. ~ away/out
Ó³Ûݳɳñ»ñ. spinal ~ áÕÝáõÕ»Õ: ¹áõñë ·ó»É. ~ away/out old letters ÑÇÝ Ý³-
chore [t∫ɔ:] n ïݳÛÇÝ ·áñÍ»ñ, ³ß˳ï³Ýù. Ù³ÏÝ»ñÁ ¹»Ý Ý»ï»É. ~ up ÃáÕÝ»É (³ß˳-
It’s your turn for the ~s today ²Ûëûñ ùá Ñ»ñÃÝ ï³Ýù, å³ßïáÝ). ~ up one’s job/girl friend
¿ ïݳÛÇÝ ·áñÍ»ñáí ½μ³Õí»Éáõ: ³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ/ÁÝÏ»ñáõÑáõÝ ÃáÕÝ»É. ~ out
chorister [΄kɒristə] n ËÙμ»ñ·Çã, »ñ·Çã: gatecrashers ³ÝÏáã ÑÛáõñ»ñÇÝ íéݹ»É. C~ it!
chorus [΄kɔ:rəs] n »ñ·ã³ËáõÙμ. in ~ ËÙμáí. ÂáÕ»°ù, ì»°ñç ïí»ù:
~ girl »ñ·ã³ËÙμÇ »ñ·ãáõÑÇ: chuckle [΄t∫Λkl] n, v ùñùÇç, ÍÇͳÕ, ÏãÏãáó.
christen [΄krisn] v ÏÝù»É, ÙÏñï»É. The child ùñùç³É, ÍÇͳջÉ, ÏãÏã³É:
was ~ed Mary ºñ»Ë³ÛÇÝ Ø»ñÇ ³Ýí³Ý»- chuckle-head [΄t∫Λklhed] n ÑÇÙ³ñÇ ·ÉáõË,
óÇÝ/ÏÝù»óÇÝ: ïËÙ³ñ:
Christian [΄krist∫ən] 1. n ùñÇëïáÝÛ³ ~ name chuff [΄t∫Λf] n ÏáåÇï/μéÇ Ù³ñ¹. Åɳï/ÏÍÍÇ
ÏÝù³ÝáõÝ. 2. a ùñÇëïáÝ»³Ï³Ý: Ù³ñ¹:
Cristianity [‚kristi΄ænəti] n ùñÇëïáÝ»áõ- chum [t∫Λm] n ËëÏó. ß³ï Ùáï/Ùï»ñÇÙ ÁÝ-
ÃÛáõÝ: Ï»ñ. μ³ñ»Ï³Ù. ë»Ý۳ϳÏÇó:
chum 151 circuitous

chum [t∫Λm] v ËëÏó. ÝáõÛÝ ë»ÝÛ³ÏáõÙ ³å- ñáïÇÏ, ØáËñ³ïÇïÇÏ (Ñ»ùdzÃ):


ñ»É. ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É. ~ in/up Ùï»ñ- cinder-path [΄sindəpa:θ] n ³ñß³íáõÕÇ£
ٳݳÉ: cinder-track [΄sindətræk] n Ùñ½. ³ñ-
chummy [΄t∫Λmi] a ËëÏó. ëñï³μ³ó, ß³íáõÕÇ:
Ù³ñ¹³Ùáï: cine camera [΄sini‚kæmərə] n ÏÇÝá³å³-
chump [t∫Λmp] n Ïá×Õ. ËëÏó. ·ÉáõË: be off ñ³ï, ÏÇÝáËóÇÏ:
one’s ~ óݹ»É, Ë»ÉùÁ ÃéóÝ»É: cinema [΄sinəmə] n ÏÇÝáóïñáÝ. the ~ ÏÇ-
chunk [t∫Λŋk] n Ù»Í Ïïáñ/å³ï³é. a big ~ ÝáýÇÉÙ:
of work ÷Ëμ., ËëÏó. Ù»Í ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùμ cinematography [‚sinəmə΄tɒgrəfi] n ÏÇÝá-
·áñÍ»ñ: ³ñí»ëï. ÏÇݻٳïá·ñ³ýdz. ÏÇÝáóï-
church [t∫ə:t∫] n, a »Ï»Õ»óÇ. »Ï»Õ»ó³Ï³Ý. ñáÝ:
the Church of England ²Ý·ÉÇÏ³Ý »Ï»Õ»óÇ. go cinnamon [΄sinəmən] n ¹³ñãÇÝ:
into the Church Ñá·¨áñ³Ï³Ý ¹³éݳÉ: cipher [΄saifə] n ͳÍϳ·Çñ, ·³Õïݳ·Çñ,
churchman [΄t∫ə:t∫mən] n »Ï»Õ»ó³Ï³Ý, ßÇýñ. ³ñ³μ³Ï³Ý Ãí³Ýß³Ý. Ù³Ã. ½ñá. in ~
Ñá·¨áñ³Ï³Ý, »Ï»Õ»ó³Ï³Ý ëå³ë³íáñ: ϳñ·³íáñí³Í. He’s just a ~ ÷Ëμ. ܳ
churchwarden [΄t∫ə:t∫‚wɔ:dn] n »ñ»ó÷áË: å³ñ½³å»ë ¹³ï³ñÏ ï»Õ ¿:
churchyard [΄t∫ə:t∫ja:d] n »Ï»Õ»óáõ μ³Ï. circa [΄sə:kə] prep Ùáï, Ùáï³íáñ³å»ë:
·»ñ»½Ù³Ý³ïáõÝ: circle [΄sə:kl] n ßñç³Ý, ßñç³Ý³Ï, ßñç³·ÇÍ.
churl [΄t∫ə:l] n μéÇ/³Ýï³ß/·é»ÑÇÏ Ù³ñ¹: the family ~ ÁÝï³Ý»Ï³Ý ßñç³Ý. high politi-
churlish [΄t∫ə:li∫] a ÏáåÇï, μéÇ, ³Ýï³ß. He cal ~s μ³ñÓñ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý ßñç³ÝÝ»ñ. busi-
is ~ ܳ μéÇ/³Ýï³ß ¿: ness ~s ·áñͳñ³ñ ßñç³ÝÝ»ñ/áÉáñïÝ»ñ. a
churn [t∫ə:n] n, v ËÝáóÇ. ˳éÝÇã. ËÝáóÇ study ~ ËÙμ³Ï (áõëáõÙݳϳÝ). Arctic ~
ѳñ»É. ˳éݻɣ ÐÛáõëÇë³ÛÇÝ ´¨»é³ÛÇÝ ßñç³Ý. a vicious ~
chute I [∫u:t] n ë³Ñ³Ýù, ½³éÇí³Ûñ. ³Õμ³- ³ñ³ï³íáñ ßñç³Ý. dress/first/upper ~ óïñ.
ï³ñ ËáÕáí³Ï: μ»É¿ï³Å. Ý»ñù¨Ç/í»ñ¨Ç Û³ñáõë. parquet ~
chute II [∫u:t] n é½Ù. ËëÏó. å³ñ³ßÛáõï: ³ÙýÇóïñáÝ. come full ~ ³í³ñï»É ßñç³-
chutist [΄∫u:tist] n é½Ù. ËëÏó. å³ñ³ßÛáõ- ÝÁ. Everything began to go round in ~s ¶ÉáõËë
ïÇëï: åïïí»ó, ¶É˳åïáõÛï áõÝ»ó³:
cicatrice [΄sikətris] n ëåÇ, ëådz·ÇÍ: circle [΄sə:kl] v åïïí»É, åïáõÛïÝ»ñ ï³É.
cider [΄saidə] n ËÝÓáñûÕÇ. all talk and no ~ The aeroplane ~d the town ÆÝùݳÃÇéÁ
¹³ï³ñÏ Ëáë³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ: åïïíáõÙ ¿ñ ù³Õ³ùÇ íñ³Ûáí. ~ a lake É×Ç
CIF [sif] n (cost, insurance, freight) (·ÇÝ, ³å³- ßáõñçÁ åïïí»É: The cosmonaut ~d the Earth
Ñáí³·Çñ, ÷á˳¹ñÙ³Ý Í³ËëÁ) ÙÇç³½·³- several times îÇ»½»ñ³·Ý³óÁ ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ
ÛÇÝ ³éáõͳËÇ ÑÇÙݳÛÇÝ å³Ûٳݳ·Çñ: ³Ý·³Ù åïïí»ó ºñÏñÇ ßáõñçÁ:
cigar [si΄ga:] n ëÇ·³ñ: circlet [΄sə:klət] n ÏÉáñ³Ï, ßñç³Ý³Ï. ³å³-
cigarette [‚sigə΄ret] n ëÇ·³ñ»ï. a packet of ~ ñ³Ýç³Ý. Ù³ï³ÝÇ:
ÙÇ ïáõ÷ ëÇ·³ñ»ï. light/put out a ~ í³é»É/ circuit [΄sə:kit] 1. n ßñç³åïáõÛï. ßñç³·ÍÇ
ѳݷóÝ»É ëÇ·³ñ»ïÁ. ~ end/lighter/case »ñϳÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ. »ñÃáõÕÇ. the postman’s ~
Í˳ËáïÇ Ùݳóáñ¹. í³éÇã. Í˳Ëáï³- ÷áëï³ï³ñÇ »ñÃáõÕÇÝ. ¿É. ßÕó۳·ÇÍ
ïáõ÷: short ~ ϳñ× ÙdzóáõÙ. racing ~ Ùñ½. Ùñó³ñ-
cigar-holder [si΄ga:‚həuldə] n Í˳÷áÕ, ß³íÇ áõÕÇ. 2. a ßñçÇÏ. ~ court Çñ³í. ßñçÇÏ
ÙáõßïáõÏ: ¹³ï³ñ³Ý. ~ judge ßñçÇÏ ¹³ï³íáñ.
cilia [΄siliə] n pl ϽÙË., μëμ. ³ñ勉ÝáõÝù, ÑÙÏñ·. ~ free graph ³é³Ýó óÇÏÉ»ñÇ ·ñ³ý. ~
ûñûñáõÝù: algebra ë˻ٳݻñÇ Ñ³Ýñ³Ñ³ßÇí. ~ array
ciliated [΄silieitid] a óñÃÇã³íáñ: ë˻ٳݻñÇ Ù³ïñÇó. ~ path ׳ݳå³ñÑ
cinch [sint∫] n ËëÏó. ¸³ ѳëï³ï ·áñÍ ¿: ë˻ٳÛáõÙ. ~ simulation ë˻ٳÛÇ Ùṻɳ-
cinder [΄sində] n Ù³ñÙñáÕ ³ÍáõË, ³ÝûÕ. íáñáõÙ:
ÙáËÇñ: circuitous [sə:΄kju:itəs] a ½³ñïáõÕÇ. by a ~
Cinderella [‚sində΄relə] n ØáËñáï, ØáË- route ½³ñïáõÕÇ/ÏáÕÙݳÏÇ ×³Ý³å³ñÑáí:
circular 152 citrus

circular [΄sə:kjulə] n ßñç³μ»ñ³Ï³Ý. ·á- ·Í»É, ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï»É. Ù³Ã. ßñç³·Í»É:


í³½¹. ministerial ~ ݳ˳ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ßñç³- circumspect [΄sə:kəmspekt] a ßñç³Ñ³Û³ó,
μ»ñ³Ï³Ý. It’s only a ~ ¸³ å³ñ½³å»ë ·á- ½·áõÛß:
í³½¹ ¿. circumstance [΄sə:kəmstəns] n ѳݷ³-
circular [΄sə:kjulə] a ÏÉáñ, ßñç³Ý³Ó¨. Ù³Ã. Ù³Ýù, ¹»åù, å³ñ³·³. favourable/extraordi-
³Õ»ÕݳӨ. a ~ tower ÏÉáñ ³ßï³ñ³Ï. a ~ nary/unforeseen ~s μ³ñ»Ýå³ëï/³ñï³-
tour ßñç³Ý³ÛÇÝ »ñÃáõÕÇ. ~ motion ßñç³Ý³- ϳñ·/ãݳ˳ï»ëí³Í ѳݷ³Ù³ÝùÝ»ñ.
Ó¨ ß³ñÅáõÙ. ~ letter ßñç³μ»ñ³Ï³Ý ݳٳÏ. in/under these ~s ïíÛ³É Ñ³Ý·³Ù³ÝùÝ»ñáõÙ.
a ~ staircase åïáõï³Ï³Ó¨ ³ëïÇ׳Ý. under no ~s áã ÙÇ ¹»åùáõÙ. narrow ~s ¹Åí³-
ÑÙÏñ· . ~ list óÇÏÉÇÏ óáõó³Ï. ~ reference ñÇÝ Ï³óáõÃÛáõÝ, Ý»Õ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ. relevant
óÇÏÉÇÏ ÑÕáõÙ. ~ shift óÇÏÉÇÏ ï»Õ³ß³ñÅ: ~s ¿³Ï³Ý ѳݷ³Ù³ÝùÝ»ñ. victim of ~s
circulate [΄sə:kjuleit] v ßñç³Ý³é»É, ѳݷ³Ù³ÝùÝ»ñÇ ½áÑ. extenuating ~s Ýñμ³-
óáõóÇã/Ù»ÕÙ³óáõóÇã ѳݷ³Ù³ÝùÝ»ñ.
åïïí»É. ~ the letter to everybody ݳٳÏÁ
(ÝÛáõÃ³Ï³Ý íÇ׳Ï) poor/reduced ~s í³ï
μáÉáñÇÝ Ï³ñ¹³É ï³É. ~ the news ÝáñáõÃÛáõ-
ÝÛáõÃ³Ï³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ. be in easy ~s ɳí
ÝÁ ï³ñ³Í»É. ~ money ¹ñ³ÙÁ ßñç³Ý³éáõ-
ÝÛáõÃ³Ï³Ý íÇ׳ÏáõÙ ÉÇÝ»É:
ÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ¹Ý»É. He didn’t ~ much at the party
ºñ»ÏáõÛÃÇÝ Ý³ ß³ï ùã»ñÇ Ñ»ï ß÷í»ó:
circumstantial [‚sə:kəm΄stæn∫l] a ѳݷ³-
ٳݳÉÇ, Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ, ÑÇÙݳíáñ. ³ÝáõÕ-
circulation [‚sə:kju΄lei∫n] n ßñç³Ý³éáõ- Õ³ÏÇ. ~ evidence Çñ³í. ³ÝáõÕÕ³ÏÇ ³å³-
ÃÛáõÝ, ßñç³åïáõÛï. Ù³ÙáõÉÇ (ïÇñ³Å) The
óáõÛó:
newspaper has a ~ of two millions Èñ³·ÇñÁ
circumvent [‚sə:kəm΄vent] v Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏ»É.
»ñÏáõ ÙÇÉÇáÝ ïå³ù³Ý³Ï áõÝÇ. have got
˳÷³Ý»É (Íñ³·ÇñÁ). ~ a difficulty ßñç³Ý-
poor ~ μÅßÏ. ³ñÛ³Ý ßñç³Ý³éáõÃÛáõÝÁ ɳí
ó»É μ³ñ¹áõÃÛáõÝÁ. The plans were ~ed
ãÉÇÝ»É. put into/withdraw from ~ ßñç³Ý³éáõ-
Üñ³Ýó Íñ³·ñ»ñÁ ˳÷³Ýí»óÇÝ:
ÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ¹Ý»É/ѳݻÉ. be out of ~ ÷Ëμ. áã ÙÇ
circus [΄sə:kəs] n, a ÏñÏ»ë. ÏñÏ»ë³ÛÇÝ:
ï»Õ ã·Ý³É, Ù³ñ¹³Ù»ç ¹áõñë ã·³É: cirrus [΄sirəs] n ÷»ïñ³Ó¨ ³Ùå. μëμ. Ù³½-
circulator [sə:kju΄leitə] n ï³ñ³ÍáÕ (ÑÇ- Ù½áõÏ, μ»ÕÇÏ. ϻݹ. ßáß³÷áõÏ£
í³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝ, Éáõñ»ñ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ): CIS [‚si:ai΄es] n Commonwealth of Independent
circulatory [‚sə:kju΄leitəri] a ßñç³Ý³- States ²ÝÏ³Ë å»ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³·áñ-
é³Ï³Ý, ßñç³Ý³éáõ: ͳÏóáõÃÛáõÝ (²äÐ):
circumambient [‚sə:kəm΄æmbiənt] a ßñç³- cistern [΄sistən] n çñ³Ùμ³ñ, ³í³½³Ý, óÇë-
å³ïáÕ: ï»éÝ. hot/cold water ~ ï³ù/ë³éÁ çñáí μ³ù:
circumambulate [‚sə:kəm΄æmbjuleit] v citadel [΄sitədl] n ÙÇçݳμ»ñ¹. ³Ùñáó, ³Ù-
ßñç³·³Û»É, ßñç»É. ѳñóÇ ßáõñçÁ åïïí»É. ñáõÃÛáõÝ. å³ïí³ñ, ѻݳñ³Ý:
¿áõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ãó÷³Ýó»É: citation [sai΄tei∫n] n íϳ۳ÏáãáõÙ, Ù»çμ»-
circumference [sə΄kΛmfrəns] n ßñç³å³ï, ñáõÙ. Ãí³ñÏáõÙ. Çñ³í. ¹³ï³Ïáã:
ßñç³Ï³Ûù. Ù³Ã. ßñç³·ÇÍ. have ~ of two me- cite [sait] v íϳ۳Ïáã»É, Ù»ç μ»ñ»É. ~ a prece-
tres »ñÏáõ Ù»ïñ ßñç³·ÇÍ áõݻݳÉ: dent Çñ³í. ݳ˳¹»åÇ íñ³ Ñ»Ýí»É. ~ an in-
circumfluent [sə΄kΛmfluənt] a áÕáÕáÕ, stance ûñÇÝ³Ï μ»ñ»É:
ßñç³Ñáë: citizen [΄sitizən] n ù³Õ³ù³óÇ. ù³Õ³ùÇ
circumlocution [‚sə:kəmlə΄kju:∫n] n Ëáõ- μݳÏÇã. a British ~ ´ñÇï³ÝdzÛÇ ù³Õ³ù³-
ë³÷áÕ³Ï³Ý å³ï³ë˳Ý. »ñϳñ³μ³- óÇ. the ~s of London ÈáݹáÝÇ μݳÏÇãÝ»ñÁ.
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. without further ~ ³é³Ýó áñ¨¿ naturalized ~ ù³Õ³ù³óÇáõÃÛáõÝ ëï³ó³Í
³í»Éáñ¹³μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ: ³ÝÓ. senior ~ ï³ñ»ó ù³Õ³ù³óÇ/Ù³ñ¹:
circumnavigate [‚sə:kəm΄nævigeit] v ßáõñ- citizenship [΄sitizən∫ip] n ù³Õ³ù³óÇáõ-
çÁ ݳí³ñÏ»É: ~ the globe ßáõñç»ñÏñÛ³ ݳ- ÃÛáõÝ:
í³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³ï³ñ»É: citric [΄sitrik] a ùÇÙ. ÉÇÙáÝÇ. ~ acid ÉÇÙá-
circumnavigator [‚sə:kəm΄nævigeitə] n ݳÃÃáõ:
ßáõñç»ñÏñÛ³ Íáí³·Ý³ó: citrus [΄sitrəs] a óÇïñáõë³ÛÇÝ. ~ fruits óÇï-
circumscribe [΄sə:kəmskraib] v ë³Ñٳݳ- ñáõë³ÛÇÝ μáõÛë»ñ:
city 153 clangour

city [΄siti] n ù³Õ³ù. ancient/modern/noisy ~ property ûñÇÝ³Ï³Ý Çñ³íáõÝù ãáõݻݳÉ


ÑÇÝ /ųٳݳϳÏÇó/ ³ÕÙÏáï ù³Õ³ù. res- ·áõÛùÇ/áõÝ»óí³ÍùÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ. joint ~ ѳ-
idential section/part of the ~ ù³Õ³ùÇ μݳϻÉÇ Ù³ï»Õ å³Ñ³Ýç. realize a ~ å³Ñ³ÝçÁ μ³-
óճٳë»ñÁ. build/distroy a ~ ϳéáõó»É/ í³ñ³ñ»É. reject a ~ ѳÛóÁ/å³Ñ³ÝçÁ
³í»ñ»É ù³Õ³ù. a ù³Õ³ù³ÛÇÝ, ÙáõÝÇóÇ- Ù»ñÅ»É:
å³É. ~ transport/population ù³Õ³ù³ÛÇÝ claim [kleim] v å³Ñ³Ýç»É, å³Ñ³Ýç Ý»ñϳ-
ïñ³Ýëåáñï/μݳÏãáõÃÛáõÝ: Û³óÝ»É. ~ exemption from tax å³Ñ³Ýç»É
civic [΄sivik] a ù³Õ³ù³ódzϳÝ, ù³Õ³ù³- ѳñÏ»ñÇó ³½³ï»É. ~ the property ·áõÛùÇ
ÛÇÝ. ~ rights ù³Õ³ù³óÇ³Ï³Ý Çñ³íáõÝù- å³Ñ³Ýç Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É. Who ~s the um-
Ý»ñ: brella? ê³ á±õÙ Ñáí³ÝáóÝ ¿. (åݹ»É) He ~s to
civil [΄sivl] a å»ï³Ï³Ý. ù³Õ³ù³ódzϳÝ. be Ann’s father ܳ åݹáõÙ ¿, áñ ²ÝݳÛÇ
ù³Õ³ù³í³ñÇ. μ³ñ»ÏÇñÃ. ~ servant å»- ѳÛñÝ ¿. I don’t ~ to know everything ºë ã»Ù
åݹáõÙ, áñ ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã ·Çï»Ù:
ï³Ï³Ý ͳé³ÛáÕ. high-rank ~ servant ãÇÝáí-
ÝÇÏ. ~ service å»ï³Ï³Ý ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ. ~
claimant [΄kleimənt] n ѳí³ÏÝáñ¹. å³-
ѳÝç³ï»ñ. Çñ³í. ѳÛóíáñ, μáÕáù³ñÏáõ:
law ù³Õ³ù³óÇ³Ï³Ý Çñ³íáõÝù. ~ code ù³-
Õ³ù³óÇ³Ï³Ý ûñ»Ýë·Çñù. ~ rights ù³Õ³-
clairvoyance [kleə΄vɔiəns] n Ëáñ³Ã³-
÷³ÝóáõÃÛáõÝ, å³Ûͳé³ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ:
ù³óáõ Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñ. ~ disobedians ù³Õ³-
ù³óÇ³Ï³Ý ³Ýϳñ·áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. (ù³Õ³ù³-
clairvoyant [kleə΄vɔiənt] a Ëáñ³Ã³÷³Ýó,
ëñ³Ã³÷³Ýó:
í³ñÇ, μ³ñ»ÏÇñÃ) It was ~ of them ¸³
Ýñ³Ýó ÏáÕÙÇó ëÇñ³ÉÇñáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ñ:
clamant [΄kleimənt] a ³ÕÙϳñ³ñ. ѳëï³-
ï³Ï³Ù, ѳٳé:
civilian [sə΄viliən]1. n ù³Õ³ù³óÇ. ù³Õ³- clamber [΄klæmbə] n Ù³·Éó»É. ÷³Ã³Ãí»É
ù³óÇ³Ï³Ý ½·»ëïáí Ù³ñ¹ (Ç ï³ñμ»ñáõ-
(μáõÛë»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ). ~ over rocks ųÛé»ñ
ÃÛáõÝ ½ÇÝíáñ³Ï³ÝÇ). 2. a ù³Õ³ù³ódz-
Ù³·Éó»É:
ϳÝ. ~ population ù³Õ³ù³óÇ³Ï³Ý μݳÏ-
clammy [΄klæmi] a Ù³ÍáõóÇÏ, ÏåãáõÝ:
ãáõÃÛáõÝ: clamorous [΄klæmərəs] a ³ÕÙϳÉÇ, ³ÕÙϳ-
civility [sə΄viləti] n ù³Õ³ù³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ñ³ñ:
μ³ñ»ÏñÃáõÃÛáõÝ. ëÇñ³ÉÇñáõÃÛáõÝ. dual/dou- clamour [΄klæmə] n ³ÕÙáõÏ, ·áé·áéáó.
ble ~ »ñÏù³Õ³ù³óÇáõÃÛáõÝ: ³ÕÙϳÉÇ μáÕáù. a ~ of protest μáÕáùÇ μáõéÝ
civilization [‚siv(ə)lai΄zei∫n] n ù³Õ³ù³- ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÏñÃáõÃÛáõÝ: clamour [΄klæmə] v ³ÕÙÏ»É, ·áé·áé³É,
civilize [΄sivəlaiz] v ù³Õ³ù³ÏñûÉ, ù³Õ³- ³ÕÙáõÏáí å³Ñ³Ýç»É. ~ against ³ÕÙϳÉÇ
ù³ÏÇñà ¹³ñÓÝ»É. ¹³ëïdzñ³Ï»É£ μáÕáù»É. ~ against new taxes μáÕáù»É Ýáñ
civilized [΄sivəlaizd] a ù³Õ³ù³ÏÇñÃ. ù³Õ³- ѳñÏ»ñÇ ¹»Ù. ~ down (³ÕÙÏ»Éáí) Éé»óÝ»É:
ù³ÏñÃí³Í. become more ~ ³í»ÉÇ ù³Õ³ù³- clamp I [klæmp] n ï»Ë. ë»ÕÙÇã, Ù³ÙɳÏ:
ÏÇñà ¹³éݳÉ: clamp II [klæmp] n ÏáõÛï, Ïáõï³Ï:
clack [klæk] n, v ßËÏáó, ÃËÏáó. ß³Õ³Ïñ³- clamp III [klæmp] n ͳÝñ ù³ÛÉí³Íù:
ï³Ýù: clamp I [klæmp] v ³Ùñ³óÝ»É, ë»ÕÙ»É. The
clad [klæd] a ѳ·³Í. ~ in white/in silk ëåÇ- police are ~ing down àëïÇϳÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ
ï³Ï/Ù»ï³ùë ѳ·³Í: ËÇëï ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ ¿ Ó»éݳñÏáõÙ:
claim [kleim] n å³Ñ³Ýç. åݹáõÙ. Çñ³- clamp II [klæmp] v ¹³ñë»É, ß³ñ»É£
íáõÝù. ѳí³ÏÝáõÃÛáõÝ. push one’s ~ å³- clamp III [klæmp] v ¹á÷»Éáí ù³ÛÉ»É:
ѳÝç ¹Ý»É. his ~ to be an artist Ýñ³ ÝϳñÇã clan [klæn] n ïáÑÙ³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³ÛÝù, ÏɳÝ:
ÉÇÝ»Éáõ ѳí³ÏÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ. Çñ³í. Çñ³í³- clandestine [klæn΄destin] a ·³ÕïÝÇ, ͳ-
å³Ñ³Ýç, ѳÛó lay ~ to Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñ Ý»ñ- ÍáõÏ:
ϳ۳óÝ»É. prosecute a ~ for damages ѳÛó clang [klæŋ]1. n ß³ãÛáõÝ, ß³é³ãÛáõÝ. ½Ý·áó.
ѳñáõó»É íݳëÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ïáõóÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ. a 2. v ½Ý·³É, ß³é³ã»É. The gates ~ed shut
~ to an inheritance ѳí³ÏÝáõÃÛáõÝ Å³é³Ý- ¸³ñå³ëÁ ß³é³ãÛáõÝáí ÷³Ïí»ó:
·áõÃÛ³Ý ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ. make/put in a ~ against clangour [΄klæŋgə] n ëáõñ/ͳÏáÕ ß³é³ã-
smb ѳÛó Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É. have no legal ~ to the ÛáõÝ:
clank 154 classify

clank [klæŋk] n ß³é³ãÛáõÝ, ß³ãÛáõÝ (ßÕó- Ý»É, ·ñÏ»É. ~ smn in one’s arms Ù»ÏÇÝ ·ñÏ»É.
Ý»ñÇ, ½»ÝùÇ): ~ smb’s hand tightly Ó»éùÁ ³Ùáõñ ë»ÕÙ»É:
clanship [΄klæn∫ip] n ËÙμ³Ï³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ. clasp-knife [΄kla:spnaif] n ͳÉáíÇ ¹³Ý³Ï:
ÏɳÝÇÝ å³ïϳݻÉÁ/ÝíÇñí³Í ÉÇÝ»ÉÁ: class I [kla:s] n ¹³ë³Ï³ñ·, ¹³ë. ¹³ë-
clap [klæp] n ͳ÷. give a ~ on the shoulder ÁÝóó. the middle ~ ÙÇçÇÝ ¹³ë. the upper ~
Ù»çùÇÝ Ó»éùáí Ë÷»É. a ~ of thunder Ëáßáñ μáõñÅáõ³½Ç³, ³ñÇïáÏñ³ïdz. the
³ÙåñáåÇ áñáï: lower ~es ó³Íñ ¹³ë»ñÁ/˳í»ñÁ. the propri-
clap [klæp] v ͳ÷³Ñ³ñ»É, ͳ÷ ï³É. The etory ~ áõݨáñ ¹³ë. landed ~es ϳÉí³Í³-
audience ~ped the singer гݹÇë³ï»ëÝ»ñÁ ï»ñ»ñ. ruling/governing ~es ïÇñáÕ/ÇßËáÕ
ͳ÷³Ñ³ñ»óÇÝ »ñ·ãÇÝ. He ~ped his hand to ¹³ë:
his forehead/over his mouth ܳ Ó»éùáí Ë÷»ó class II [kla:s] n ¹³ë, ËáõÙμ. ϳñ·, ï»ë³Ï.
׳ϳïÇÝ/μ»ñ³ÝÇÝ. ~ smn in jail ËëÏó. ~ of mammals ϳÃݳëáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¹³ë. a hotel
Ù»ÏÇÝ μ³Ýï ·ó»É. ~ eyes on smn ï»ëÝ»É, of the best ~ μ³ñÓñ ϳñ·Ç ÑÛáõñ³Ýáó. travel
Ýϳï»É, ³ãùÇÝ ÁÝÏÝ»É: first ~ ³é³çÇÝ Ï³ñ·áí ׳Ù÷áñ¹»É a first ~
clap-net [΄klæpnet] n ÃéãáõÝÝ»ñÇ Íáõ- ticket ³é³çÇÝ Ï³ñ·Ç ïáÙë. attend evening
Õ³Ï/ó³Ýó: ~es »ñ»ÏáÛ³Ý ¹³ëÁÝóóÝ»ñ ѳ׳˻É. top
clapper [΄klæpə] n ½³Ý·Ç É»½í³Ï: of the ~ ³é³çÇÝ ³ß³Ï»ñïÁ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ inter-
clapping [΄klæpiŋ] n ͳ÷³Ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. face ãùáÕ³ñÏí³Í ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ Ýϳñ³·ñáõ-
³é³ÝÓÇÝ Í³÷»ñ: ÃÛáõÝ ¨ ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ member ¹³ëÇ ³Ý-
claptrap [΄klæptræp] n, a ×é×é³Ý ýñ³½Ý»ñ. ¹³Ù. ~ scope ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛ³Ý ïÇñáõÛÃ/¹³ë. ~
ËëÏó. ÑÇÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. óáõó³ÙáɳϳÝ. Don’t variable ¹³ëÇ ÷á÷á˳ϳÝ:
talk ~ ÐÇÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ¹áõñë ÙÇ ï³: class [kla:s] a ¹³ë³Ï³ñ·³ÛÇÝ. ~ barriers/di-
claret [΄klærət] n μáñ¹á, Ïɳñ»ï (·ÇÝáõ visions ¹³ë³ÛÇÝ/¹³ë³Ï³ñ·³ÛÇÝ å³ïÝ»ß-
ï»ë³Ï). μáñ¹á ·áõÛÝ. tap one’s ~ ËëÏó. Ù»ÏÇ Ý»ñ/μ³Å³ÝáõÙÝ»ñ:
ùÇÃÁ ç³ñ¹»É: class [kla:s] v ¹³ë»É, ¹³ë³Ï³ñ·»É. ~ to-
clarification [‚klærəfi΄kei∫n] n Ù³ùñáõÙ, gether /with ÙÇ ß³ñùáõÙ ¹³ë»É. ~ with the be-
½ïáõÙ. å³ñ½áõÙ, å³ñ½³μ³ÝáõÙ. μ³ó³ï- ginners ëÏëݳÏÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï ËÙμ³íáñ»É:
ñáõÃÛáõÝ: class-conscious [‚kla:s΄kɒn∫əs] a ¹³ë³-
clarify [΄klærəfai] v Ù³ùñ(í)»É, Ñëï³Ïí»É, ϳñ·³ÛÇÝ ÇÝùݳ·Çï³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»óáÕ.
Ñëï³Ï ¹³éÝ³É (Ñ»ÕáõÏÝ»ñ). å³ñ½»É, ÇÝùݳ·Çï³ÏÇó£
å³ñ½³μ³Ý»É, μ³ó³Ñ³Ûï»É. ~ some pro- class-consciousness [‚kla:s΄kɒn∫əsnəs] n
blems áñáß Ñ³ñó»ñ å³ñ½³μ³Ý»É: ¹³ë³Ï³ñ·³ÛÇÝ ÇÝùݳ·Çï³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ:
clarinet [‚klæri΄net] n »ñÅß. ÏɳéÝ»ï: class-fellow [΄kla:s‚feləu] n ¹³ëÁÝÏ»ñ,
clarion [΄klæriən] n, v ß»÷áñ, ß»÷áñÇ ¹³ë³ñ³Ý³ÏÇó:
Ó³ÛÝÁ. ÑÝã»É: classic [΄klæsik] n ¹³ë³Ï³Ý, ÏɳëÇÏ (·ñáÕ,
clarity [΄klærəti] n å³ñ½áõÃÛáõÝ, Ñëï³Ïáõ- ÝϳñÇ㨠³ÛÉÝ). ÏɳëÇÏ μ³Ý³ëÇñáõÃÛ³Ý
ÃÛáõÝ. ó÷³ÝóÇÏáõÃÛáõÝ: Ù³ëݳ·»ï (Ñáõݳ·»ï, ɳïÇÝÇëï). ~s
clash [klæ∫] n μ³ËáõÙ, ÁݹѳñáõÙ. ½»ÝùÇ ¹³ë³Ï³Ý É»½áõÝ»ñ ¨ ·ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. read
ß³ãÛáõÝ. a ~ with the police μ³ËáõÙ áëïÇ- ~s at the university ѳٳÉë³ñ³ÝáõÙ ³ÝïÇÏ
ϳÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ï. a ~ of interests /personalities ·ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ áõëáõÙݳëÇñ»É/¹³ë³í³Ý-
÷Ëμ. ߳ѻñÇ/˳éÝí³ÍùÝ»ñÇ μ³ËáõÙ: ¹»É. “War and Peace” is a ~ “ä³ï»ñ³½Ù ¨
clash [klæ∫] v μ³Ëí»É, Áݹѳïí»É. The two ˳ճÕáõÃÛáõÝ “ í»åÁ ¹³ë³Ï³Ý »ñÏ ¿:
armies ~ed ´³Ý³ÏÝ»ñÁ μ³Ëí»óÇÝ. Their in- classical [΄klæsikl] a ¹³ë³Ï³Ý, ûñÇݳϻÉÇ:
terests ~ed Üñ³Ýó ߳ѻñÁ μ³Ëí»óÇÝ. Our classicism [΄klæsisizm] n ÏɳëÇóǽÙ, ¹³-
views ~ed Ø»ñ ï»ë³Ï»ïÝ»ñÁ ï³ñμ»ñ »Ý. ë³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
The colours ~ed ¶áõÛÝ»ñÁ Çñ³ñ Ñ»ï ã»Ý classification [‚klæsifi΄kei∫n] n ¹³ë³Ï³ñ-
·ÝáõÙ: ·áõÙ, ÏɳëÇýÇϳódz. job ~ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ
clasp [kla:sp] 1. n ׳ñٳݹ, Ïá׳Ï. ·ÇñÏ, μ³ßËáõÙ:
·ñÏ»ÉÁ. Ó»éù ë»ÕÙ»ÉÁ. 2. v Ïá×Ï»É, ³Ùñ³ó- classify [΄klæsifai] v ¹³ë³Ï³ñ·»É. by sub-
classified 155 clear

ject/date/alphabetical order ¹³ë³Ï³ñ·»É Áëï clean [kli:n] adv ÉñÇí, μáÉáñáíÇÝ. ~ forget
ûٳÛÇ/ųٳݳϳÙÇçáóÇ/³Ûμμ»Ý³Ï³Ý ÉñÇí/μáÉáñáíÇÝ Ùáé³Ý³É. get ~ away ÉñÇí
ϳñ·Ç: ³ÝÑ»ï³Ý³É. be ~ out of μáÉáñáíÇÝ ãáõÝ»-
classified [΄klæsifaid] a ¹³ë³Ï³ñ·í³Í. ~ ݳÉ. come ~ with ³ÝÏ»ÕÍáñ»Ý ³ë»É ³Ù»Ý
documents ·³ÕïÝÇ ÷³ëï³ÃÕûñ: ÇÝã:
classless [΄kla:sləs] a ³Ý¹³ë³Ï³ñ·: clean [kli:n] v Ù³ùñ»É, ëñμ»É, ѳí³ù»É. ~
class-list [΄kla:slist] n ùÝÝ³Ï³Ý ï»Õ»Ï³- shoes/vegetables/one’s teeth Ù³ùñ»É ÏáßÇÏ-
·Çñ/óáõó³Ï: Ý»ñÁ/μ³Ýç³ñ»Õ»Ý/³ï³ÙÝ»ñÁ. ~ a room
classmate [΄kla:smeit] n ¹³ëÁÝÏ»ñ, ¹³ë³- ë»ÝÛ³ÏÁ ѳí³ù»É. ~ a window/the floor
ñ³Ý³ÏÇó: å³ïáõѳÝÁ/ѳï³ÏÁ Éí³Ý³É. ~ up ϳñ·Ç
classroom [΄kla:sru:m] n ¹³ë³ë»ÝÛ³Ï, μ»ñ»É. ~ up the room ë»ÝÛ³ÏÁ ϳñ·Ç μ»ñ»É.
¹³ë³ñ³Ý: ~ up oneself Çñ»Ý ϳñ·Ç μ»ñ»É. ~ up after smb
classy [΄kla:si] a ËëÏó. ·»ñ³½³Ýó, ¹³ë³- Ù»ÏÇ Ñ»ï¨Çó ѳí³ù»É. ~ out ÷Ëμ. óɳ-
ϳÝ: Ý»É. ~ out a cupboard μáõý»ïÁ Éí³Ý³É. ~ out
clatter [΄klætə] n ÃËÏÃËÏáó, ÃݹÛáõÝ. the ~ of whisky ³ÙμáÕç íÇëÏÇÝ ËÙ»É. ÃÕÃË. be
of machinery ٻ˳ÝǽÙÝ»ñÇ ÃݹÛáõÝ. a ~ of
~ed out ÙÇÝ㨠í»ñçÇÝ ÉáõÙ³Ý ï³ñí»É:
dishes ³Ù³ÝÝ»ñÇ ãËÏãËÏáó. (¹á÷ÛáõÝ) ~ of
clean-cut [‚kli:n΄kΛt] a ëáõñ ³ñï³Ñ³Ûï-
hoofs/wheels ëÙμ³ÏÝ»ñÇ ¹á÷ÛáõÝ. ³ÝÇí-
í³Í (¹ÇÙ³·Í»ñ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ):
Ý»ñÇ ÃËÏÃËÏáó:
clatter [΄klætə] v ~ ÃËÏÃËϳóÝ»É, cleaner [΄kli:nə] n ѳí³ù³ñ³ñ(áõÑÇ).
vacuum ~ ÷áß»ÏáõÉ. the ~‘s shop ùÇÙ-
ãËÏãËϳóÝ»É, Ãݹ³É. ~ along ¹á÷»É:
Ù³ùñáõÙ:
clause [klɔ:z] n ù»ñ. ݳ˳¹³ëáõÃÛáõÝ. clean-handed [‚kli:n΄hændid] a ³½ÝÇí,
main, principle/subordinate ~·É˳íáñ/»ñÏ-
³ÝÙ»Õ, ³ñ¹³ñ:
ñáñ¹³Ï³Ý ݳ˳¹³ëáõÃÛáõÝ. Ï»ï, Ñá¹-
í³Í (å³Ûٳݳ·ñÇ) ~ one, paragraph four
cleaning [΄kli:niŋ] n Ù³ùñáõÙ, ѳí³ùáõÙ,
ϳñ·Ç μ»ñáõÙ. dry ~ ùÇÙÙ³ùñáõÙ:
Ñá¹í³Í 1, å³ñ³·ñ³ý 4. Çñ³í. Ñá¹í³Í,
Ï»ï, ¹ñáõÛÃ. penalty ~ ïáõÛŠݳ˳ï»ëáÕ
cleanliness [΄klenlinəs] n Ù³ùñáõÃÛáõÝ,
Ñá¹í³Í. transition ~s ³ÝóáõÙ³ÛÇÝ ¹ñáõÛÃ- Ù³ùñ³ëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ:
Ý»ñ: cleanse [klenz] v Ù³ùñ»É, ³Ëï³Ñ³Ý»É:
clavichord [΄klævikɔ:d] n »ñÅß. ÏɳíÇÏáñ¹ clean-shaven [‚kli:n΄∫eivn] a Ù³ùáõñ
(ÑÇÝ ï»ë³ÏÇ ¹³ßݳÙáõñ): ë³÷ñí³Í, ³é³Ýó μ»Õ áõ ÙÇñáõùÇ:
claw [klɔ:] 1. n ׳ÝÏ, Ù³·ÇÉ, ×Çñ³Ý. cut clear [kliə] a å³ñ½, å³Ûͳé, çÇÝç, Ù³ùáõñ.
one’s ~s ÷Ëμ. íݳ볽»ñÍ»É. show one’s ~s ~ day/mind å³Ûͳé ûñ/ÙÇïù. a ~ outline
÷Ëμ. ×Çñ³ÝÝ»ñÁ óáõÛó ï³É. 2. v å³ñ½/Ñëï³Ï áõñí³·ÇÍ. a ~ sky Ù³ùáõñ/
׳ÝÏéï»É, ã³Ý·é»É, ù»ñÍ»É. ËëÏó. Ïá- çÇÝç »ñÏÇÝù. a ~ water/skin/conscience/air
Ïáñ¹Á Ãéã»É: Ù³ùáõñ çáõñ/Ù³ßÏ/ËÇÕ×/û¹. (ó÷³ÝóÇÏ) ~
clay [klei]1. n ϳí³ÛÇÝ, plastic ~ ù³Ý¹³Ï»Éáõ ice/soup ó÷³ÝóÇÏ ë³éáõÛó. ³ñ·³Ý³Ï,
ϳí. 2. a ϳí³ÛÇÝ, Ï³í» (³Ù³Ý»Õ»Ý): μáõÉÛáÝ. ~ handwriting ¹ÛáõñÁÝûéÝ»ÉÇ Ó»é³-
clayey [΄kleii] a ϳí³ÛÇÝ, ϳí»: ·Çñ. (å³ñ½, å³ñ½áñáß) make it ~ å³ñ½á-
clean [kli:n] a Ù³ùáõñ. a ~ dress/sheets Ù³- ñáß ¹³ñÓÝ»É. I’m not ~ on the question ²Ûë
ùáõñ ßáñ/ëåÇï³Ï»Õ»Ý/³ÝÏáÕÝáõ/. a ~ copy ѳñóÁ ÇÝÓ å³ñ½ ã¿. as ~ as crystal/day ûñí³
Ù³ùñ³·Çñ. a ~ bill of health ÷Ëμ. ³éáÕ- å»ë å³ñ½ ¿. Are you ~ that...? ¸áõù ѳë-
çáõÃÛ³Ý, íϳ۳ϳÝ. keep one’s house ~ ï³ï å³ïÏ»ñ³óÝá±õÙ »ù, áñ... (³½³ï)
ïáõÝÁ Ù³ùáõñ å³Ñ»É. a ~ conscious Ù³ùáõñ The road/ coast is ~ ֳݳå³ñÑÝ ³½³ï ¿. ~
ËÇÕ×. ~ record/driving licence Çñ³í. ¹³ïí³- of debts å³ñïù»ñÇó ³½³ï (í׳ñí³Í).
ÍáõÃÛáõÝ ãáõݻݳÉ. ³é³Ýó ïáõÛÅÇ í³ñáñ- need three days ~ ÉñÇí 3 ûñí³ Ï³ñÇù áõÝ»-
¹³Ï³Ý Çñ³íáõÝù. (É³í ³ñï³Ñ³Ûïí³Í) ݳÉ. the ~ profit Ù³ùáõñ ß³ÑáõÛÃ. be in the ~
make a ~ cut ÉñÇí/Ù³ùáõñ Ïïñ»É. make a ~ ϳëϳÍÇó/íï³Ý·Çó ¹áõñë ÉÇÝ»É. stand ~
with one’s past ³ÝóÛ³ÉÇ Ñ»ï ϳå»ñÁ ÉñÇí ݳѳÝç»É:
Ïïñ»É/˽»É: clear [kliə] adv å³ñ½. ~ as Monday ÉáõÛëÇ
clear 156 click

å»ë å³ñ½ ¿. hear smn ~ and loud Ù»ÏÇÝ cleavage [΄kli:vidз] n ×»ÕùáõÙ. ÷Ëμ. å³-
Ñëï³Ïáñ»Ý Éë»É. get away ~ ³½³ïí»É, é³ÏïáõÙ:
åñÍÝ»É. keep ~ of Ñ»éáõ ÙݳÉ. Keep ~ of the cleave I [kli:v] v ×»Õù(í)»É, Ïïñ(í)»É:
gates! ¼·á°õÛß, ¹éÝ»ñÁ ÷³ÏíáõÙ »Ý. Keep ~ cleave II [kli:v] v ѳí³ï³ñÇÙ ÙݳÉ:
of pickpockets! ¼·áõß³óÇ°ñ ·ñå³Ý³Ñ³ïÝ»- clef [klef] n »ñÅß. μ³Ý³ÉÇ. alto/bas/treble ~
ñÇó. jump ~ of the car ѳëóÝ»É Ëáõë³÷»É ³ÉïÇ/μ³ëÇ/çáõóÏÇ μ³Ý³ÉÇ:
Ùáï»óáÕ ³íïáÙ»ù»Ý³ÛÇó. come off ~ çñÇó cleft [kleft] n ×»Õù, ×»Õùí³Íù. ÏÇñ×, íÇÑ:
ãáñ ¹áõñë ·³É: cleg [kleg] n μáé. ÓdzåÇͳÏ:
clear [kliə] v Ù³ùñ»É, Ñ»é³óÝ»É. ~ a room/the clemency [΄klemənsi] n Ù»ÕÙáõÃÛáõÝ, ·Ã³-
yard/the table ë»ÝÛ³ÏÁ/μ³ÏÁ / Ù³ùñ»É/ѳí³- ëñïáõÃÛáõÝ, Ý»ñáÕ³ÙïáõÃÛáõÝ. petition of ~
ù»É. ë»Õ³ÝÁ ~ a space for ï»Õ ³½³ï»É. ~ ·Ã³ëñïáõÃÛ³Ý Ëݹñ³Ýù:
the court of people ¹³ï³ñ³ÝÇ ¹³ÑÉÇ×Á clement [΄klemənt] a ·Ã³ëÇñï, Ù»ÕÙ:
Ù³ñ¹Ï³ÝóÇó ³½³ï»É. ~ the stock å³ß³ñ- clench [klent∫] n ë»ÕÙáõÙ (³ï³ÙÝ»ñ,
Ý»ñÁ í³×³é»É. ~ the air ÷Ëμ. ɳñí³Íáõ- μéáõÝóù):
ÃÛáõÝÁ í»ñ³óÝ»É. (íñ³Ûáí ³ÝóÝ»É) The clench [klent∫] v ë»ÕÙ»É. ï»Ë. ·³Ù»É. ~ one’s
horse ~ed the fence ÒÇÝ Ãé³í ó³Ýϳå³ïÇ teeth/fists ³ï³ÙÝ»ñÁ/μéáõÝóùÁ ë»ÕÙ»É. with
íñ³Ûáí. ~ expenses ³ñ¹³ñ³óÝ»É Í³Ëë»ñÁ. ~ed fists μéáõÝóùÝ»ñÁ ë»ÕÙ³Í:
~ the luggage/a ship at /with the customs Çñ»- clergy [΄klə:dзi] n Ñá·¨áñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
ñÁ/ݳíÁ Ù³ùë³ï³Ý ëïáõ·áõÙÝ ³ÝóÝ»É. ~ clergyman [΄klə:dзimən] n ù³Ñ³Ý³, Ñá-
the plan ѳëï³ï»É Íñ³·ÇñÁ. ~ oneself of a ·¨áñ³Ï³Ý:
charge Çñ³í. Çñ»ÝÇó Ù»Õ³¹ñ³ÝùÁ ѳݻÉ, clerical [΄klerikl] n ÏÕ»ñ³Ï³Ý, Ñá·¨áñ.
The sky is ~ing ºñÏÇÝùÁ å³ñ½íáõÙ ¿. ~ away ·ñ³ë»Ý۳ϳÛÇÝ. ~ work í³ñã³Ï³Ý/·ñ³-
ѳí³ù»É ~ away the dishes/leaves/rubble ë»Ý۳ϳÛÇÝ ³ß˳ï³Ýù. due to a ~ error
³Ù³Ý»Õ»ÝÁ/ï»ñ¨Ý»ñÁ/³ÕμÁ ѳí³ù»É. C~ íñÇå³Ï ·ñ³ë˳ÉÇ Ñ»ï¨³Ýùáí/å³ï׳-
off! лé³óÇ°ñ He ~ed off quickly ܳ ³ñ³· éáí:
³ÝÑ»ï³ó³í. ~ out ÃáÕÝ»É, Ñ»é³Ý³É (ÁÝ- clerk [kla:k] n ·ñ³ë»Ý۳ϳÛÇÝ Í³é³ÛáÕ,
ï³ÝÇùÇó). I’m ~ing out ºë Ñ»é³ÝáõÙ »Ù. ~ ÏÉ»ñÏ. ù³ñïáõÕ³ñ. correspondence ~ ·ñ³-
up å³ñ½»É ~ up a misunderstanding/a ques- ·Çñ. bank ~ μ³ÝÏÇ Í³é³ÛáÕ/³ß˳ïáÕ.
tion/a mystery ÃÛáõñÇÙ³óáõÃÛáõÝÁ/ѳñóÁ/ desk ~ Ñ»ñóå³Ñ ³¹ÙÇÝÇëïñ³ïáñ. court
³é»ÕÍí³ÍÁ å³ñ½»É. It ~ed up ºÕ³Ý³ÏÁ ~ ¹³ï³ñ³ÝÇ ù³ñïáõÕ³ñ. principal ~
å³ñ½í»ó: ·É˳íáñ ·áñͳí³ñ:
clearance [΄kliərəns] n Ù³ùñáõÙ, ѳñÃáõÙ. clever [΄klevə] a Ë»Éáù, ˻ɳóÇ. ~ plan/an-
³Ýï³é³Ñ³ïáõÙ. Çç»óí³Í ·Ý»ñáí í³- swer/speech ˻ɳóÇ Íñ³·Çñ/å³ï³ë˳Ý/
׳éù. security ~ ëïáõ·áõÙ. certificate of cus- ׳é. (ßÝáñѳÉÇ) a ~ workman ßÝáñѳÉÇ
toms ~ Ù³ùë³ï³Ý íϳ۳ϳÝ. a ~ sale Çë- ³ß˳ïáÕ. He‘s ~ with his hands ܳ ÑÙáõï
å³é í³×³éù: Ó»éù»ñ áõÝÇ (׳ñåÇÏ, ׳ñï³ñ) a ~ con-
clear-cut [‚kliə΄kΛt] a å³ñ½áñáß, Ñëï³Ï. jurer/trick ׳ñåÇÏ ³×å³ñ³ñ/ýáÏáõë. a ~
áñáß³ÏÇ: a ~ distinction Ñëï³Ï ï³ñμ»ñáõ- doctor ·Çï³Ï μÅÇßÏ. be ~ at áñ¨¿ μ³ÝáõÙ
ÃÛáõÝ/ï³ñμ»ñ³ÏáõÙ. ~ features ϳÝáݳíáñ ÁݹáõÝ³Ï ÉÇÝ»É He is ~ at maths ܳ Áݹáõ-
¹ÇÙ³·Í»ñ: Ý³Ï ¿ ٳûٳïÇϳÛÇó:
clearing [΄kliəriŋ] n μ³ó³ï. ·»ïÇ ë³éó³- cleverness [΄klevənəs] n ßÝáñѳÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ,
ѳÉù: ׳ñåÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ÑÙïáõÃÛáõÝ:
clearly [΄kliəli] adv å³ñ½áñ»Ý, áñáß³ÏÇá- clew [klu:] n ·³ÕïÝÇùÇ μ³Ý³ÉÇ. áõÕ»óáõÛó
ñ»Ý, Ñëï³Ïáñ»Ý. The star is ~ seen ²ëïÕÁ ûÉ:
Ñëï³Ïáñ»Ý »ñ¨áõÙ ¿: cliche [΄kli:∫ei] n ïå·ñ. ÏÉÇß». ÷Ëμ. Ù³ß-
clear-sighted [‚kliə΄saitid] a Ëáñ³Ã³- í³Í/ß³μÉáÝ ¹³ñÓí³Íù:
÷³Ýó, ϳÝ˳ï»ë: click [klik] n ãËÏáó. ï»Ë. ÙÕɳÏ, ßÝÇÏ.
clearway [΄kliəwei] n ³íïáÙ³ÛñáõÕÇ, áñ- ÑÙÏñ·. ѳñí³Í, Ù³ïݳ½³ñÏ:
ï»Õ Ù»ù»Ý³Ý»ñÇ Ï³Ý·³éÁ ³ñ·»Éí³Í ¿: click [klik] v ãËϳóÝ»É, ÃñËϳóÝ»É. ÑÙÏñ·.
client 157 clockwise

ùÉÇù ³Ý»É, ÙÏÝÇÏÇ ëï»ÕÝ ³ñ³· Ë÷»É ¨ mometer μÅßÏ³Ï³Ý ç»ñÙ³ã³÷:


μ³ó ÃáÕÝ»É. ~ the shutter of the camera clink I [kliŋk] n ½Ý·áó (³å³Ïáõ, Ù»ï³ÕÇ):
ýáïá³å³ñ³ïÇ ÷³Ï³Ý³ÏÁ ßËϳóÝ»É. ~ clink II [kliŋk] n μ³Ýï. be in ~ μ³ÝïáõÙ
one’s tongue É»½íáí ßåå³óÝ»É. They ~ed at Ýëï³Í ÉÇÝ»É:
once ²ÝÙÇç³å»ë ÁݹѳÝáõñ É»½áõ ·ï³Ý: clink [kliŋk] v ½Ý·³É, ½Ý·³óÝ»É. ~ glasses
client [΄klaiənt] n ѳ׳Ëáñ¹, ·Ýáñ¹. å³ï- μ³Å³ÏÝ»ñÝ Çñ³ñ Ë÷»É/½Ý·³óÝ»É. The
íÇñ³ïáõ. ÏÉÇ»Ýï. keys ~ed in the pocket ´³Ý³ÉÇÝ»ñÁ ½Ý·áõÙ
clientele [‚kli:ɒn΄tel] n Ùßï³Ï³Ý ѳ׳- ¿ÇÝ ·ñå³ÝáõÙ:
Ëáñ¹Ý»ñ/å³ïíÇñ³ïáõÝ»ñ/·Ýáñ¹Ý»ñ: clip I [klip] n Ëáõ½áõÙ. Ëáõ½³Í μáõñ¹. ËëÏó.
cliff [klif] n ųÛé, ù³ñ³÷: áõÅ»Õ Ñ³ñí³Í:
cliffsman [΄klifsmən] n ³ÉåÇÝÇëï: clip II [klip] n ë»ÕÙÇã, Ù³ÙɳÏ. paper ~ ·ñ³-
climate [΄klaimət] n ÏÉÇÙ³. a ~ of opinions ë»Ý۳ϳÛÇÝ ³Ùñ³Ï. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ package ϳ-
ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ϳñÍÇù. international ~ éáõóí³Í Íñ³·ñ»ñÇ ÷³Ã»Ã£
ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ: clip [klip] v Ëáõ½»É. ~ a sheep/a pooddle/one’s
climatic [klai΄mætik] a ÏÉÇٳ۳ϳÝ: hair/one’s nails áã˳ñ/åáõ¹»É/Ù³½»ñÁ Ëáõ-
climax [΄klaimæks] n ·³·³Ãݳϻï, ³é³- ½»É. »ÕáõÝ·Ý»ñÁ Ïïñ»É. ~ on the ear ³Ï³Ý-
í»É³·áõÛÝ É³ñí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. reach a ~ ѳëÝ»É çÇÝ Ñ³ëóÝ»É. ~ a ticket ïáÙëÁ ¹³Ï»É. ~ an
·³·³ÃݳϻïÇÝ. the ~ of the battle ׳ϳ- article Éñ³·ñÇó Ñá¹í³Í Ïïñ»É:
ï³Ù³ñïÇ Ã»Å å³ÑÁ. the ~ of the pro- clipboard [΄klipbɔ:d]1. n ÷á˳ݳÏÙ³Ý
gramme Íñ³·ñÇ ·³·³ÃݳϻïÁ/Ù»ËÁ: μáõý»ñ. 2. v ³Ùñ³óÝ»É, ë»ÕÙ»É, åݹ³óÝ»É.
climb [klaim] n í»ñ»Éù, ¹³ñÇí»ñ. steep ~ ~ papers together ÃÕûñÝ ³Ùñ³óÝ»É:
½³éÇó÷ í»ñ»Éù. stiff ~ áõÕÕ³ÓÇ·/¹Åí³ñ clippers [΄klipəz] n Ëáõ½»Éáõ Ù»ù»Ý³.
í»ñ»Éù. going on a ~ ë³ñÁ μ³ñÓñ³Ý³É: ³Û·»·áñÍÇ ÙÏñ³ï:
climb [klaim] v Ù³·Éó»É, μ³ñÓñ³Ý³É. ~ a clippings [΄klipiŋs] n pl Éñ³·ñÇó Ïïñ³Í
tree/ladder ͳé/³ëïÇ׳ÝÝ»ñ Ù³·Éó»É. ~ a Ñá¹í³Í. ù³Õí³Íù:
moutain ë³ñÁ μ³ñÓñ³Ý³É. ~ a rope å³ñ³- clique [kli:k] n ÏÉÇÏ, ˳éݳËáõÙμ, ѳÝ-
Ýáí/×áå³Ýáí μ³ñÓñ³Ý³É. ~ through a win- ó³ËáõÙμ£
dow/into a car å³ïáõѳÝÇó ¹áõñë ëáÕ³É. cloak [kləuk] 1. n í»ñ³ñÏáõ, ÃÇÏÝáó. ͳÍ-
ËóÏí»É Ù»ù»Ý³ÛÇ Ù»ç. ÷³Ã³Ãí»É, μ³Õ»Õ- Ïáó. å³ïñí³Ï. under ~ of å³ïñí³Ïáí. 2.
í»É (μáõÛëÇ Ù³ëÇÝ) Ivy is ~ing up the wall ´³- v íñ³Ý ·ó»É. ͳÍÏ»É, óùóÝ»É:
Õ»ÕÁ μ³ñÓñ³ÝáõÙ ¿ å³ïÇ íñ³Ûáí. ~ down cloak-room [΄kləukru:m] n ѳݹ»ñÓ³ñ³Ý.
÷Ëμ. ½Çç»É: å³Ñ³ë»ÝÛ³Ï:
climber [΄klaimə] n ³ÉåÇÝÇëï. ÷³Ã³ÃíáÕ clock I [klɒk] n ųٳóáõÛó (å³ïÇ/, ë»-
μáõÛë. ÷Ëμ. ϳñÇ»ñÇëï: Õ³ÝÇ). alarm ~ ½³ñÃáõóÇã. mantle ~ μáõ-
climbing [΄klaimiŋ] n ³ÉåÇÝǽÙ. I like ~ ºë ˳ñáõ ųٳóáõÛó. grandfather’s ~ ϳݷáõÝ
ëÇñáõÙ »Ù ë³ñ»ñ Ù³·Éó»É: ųٳóáõÛó. set a ~ ųٳóáõÛóÝ áõÕÕ»É.
clinch [klint∫] v å³Ûٳݳíáñí»É. ~ a bargain wind/repair a ~ ųٳóáõÛóÁ ɳñ»É/í»ñ³-
·áñͳñù ÏÝù»É. ~ matters/an argument í»ñç- Ýáñá·»É. ~ face ųٳóáõÛóÇ Ãí³ï³Ëï³Ï£
ݳϳݳå»ë ÉáõÍ»É Ñ³ñóÁ: clock II [klɒk] n ëɳù ·áõÉå³ÛÇ íñ³:
clincher [΄klint∫ə] n ³é³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ ãí»ñóÝáÕ clock [klɒk] v ųٳݳÏÁ Ýß»É/óáõÛó ï³É. ~
÷³ëï³ñÏ: in/out ·³É ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ, ·Ý³É ³ß˳ï³Ý-
cling [kliŋ] v Ïåã»É, ϳéã»É. ÷³Ã³Ãí»É. a ùÇó. Don’t forget to~ in/out âÙáé³Ý³ù Ýß»É,
~ing dress Çñ³ÝÁ ·ñÏáÕ/ÏÇå ßáñ. ~ to the û »ñμ »ù ·³ÉÇë ¨ »ñμ »ù ·ÝáõÙ:
hope ÷Ëμ. ÑáõÛëÇó ϳéã»É: clock channel [klɒk ΄t∫ænl] ëÇÝËñáÝǽ³-
clingy [΄kliŋi] a ÏåãáõÝ, ϳéãáõÝ: ódzÛÇ Ï³Ý³É. ~ interrupt ÁݹѳïáõÙ Áëï
clinic [΄klinik] n ÏÉÇÝÇϳ, åáÉÇÏÉÇÝÇϳ. ma- óÛÙ»ñÇ. ~ system ëÇÝËñáÝǽ³ódzÛÇ Ñ³-
ternity ~ ϳݳóÇ ÏáÝëáõÉï³ódz: ٳϳñ·:
clinical [΄klinikl] a ÏÉÇÝÇϳϳÝ. ~ record/his- clockwise [΄klɒkwaiz] adv ųٳóáõÛóÇ ëɳ-
tory ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛ³Ý å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ ther- ùÇ áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ:
clockwork 158 closing

clockwork [΄klɒkwə:k] n ųٳóáõÛóÇ close [kləus] adv Ùáï, áã Ñ»éáõ. sit ~ to fire
ٻ˳ÝǽÙ. Everything went like ~ ÷Ëμ. Ïñ³ÏÇÝ Ùáï Ýëï»É. ~ at hand ß³ï Ùáï. fol-
²Ù»Ý ÇÝã ѳñÃ/ÑáÛ³Ï³å ·Ý³ó. ~ toy ɳñá- low ~ ÏñÝϳÏáË Ñ»ï¨»É. come ~ Ùáï»Ý³É.
íÇ Ë³Õ³ÉÇù: keep ~ to the text ï»ùëïÇó ãÑ»é³Ý³É.
clod [klɒd] n ÑáÕÇ ·áõݹ. ÷Ëμ. μóÙÇï (ѳٳñÛ³) It’s ~ on 5 o’clock гٳñÛ³ Å. 5
Ù³ñ¹: –Ý ¿. He must be ~ on 40 ܳ å»ïù ¿ áñ 40 –
clog [klɒg] n ϳå³Ýù. ³ñ·»Éù, ËáãÁݹáï: ÇÝ Ùáï ÉÇÝÇ:
clog [klɒg] v ÷³Ïí»É, Ëó³Ýí»É. The pipes are close [kləuz] v ÷³Ï»É, ͳÍÏ»É. ~ the door/a
~ged ÊáÕáí³ÏÝ»ñÁ Ëó³Ýí»É »Ý. My suitcase ¹áõéÁ/׳ÙåñáõÏÁ ÷³Ï»É. ~ the cur-
memory is ~ged with useless information tains í³ñ³·áõÛñÝ»ñÝ Çç»óÝ»É/ù³ß»É. ”Road
ÐÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝë Ëó³Ýí»É ¿ ³Ýû·áõï ï»Õ»- ~d” ֳݳå³ñÑÁ ÷³Ï ¿. (³Ù÷á÷»É, ³í³ñ-
ϳïíáõÃÛ³Ùμ: ï»É) ~ a deal/a speech ·áñͳñù ÏÝù»É, ׳éÝ
cloggy [΄klɒgi] a ·áõݹ-·áõݹ. ÏåãáõÝ, Ù³- ³Ù÷á÷»É. (÷³Ïí»É) The shops ~ at 6 ʳ-
ÍáõóÇÏ: ÝáõÃÝ»ñÁ ÷³ÏíáõÙ »Ý Å. 6-ÇÝ. The meeting
clogs [klɒgs] n ÷³Ûï» Ý»ñμ³Ýáí ÏáßÇÏÝ»ñ: will ~ at 7 ÄáÕáíÁ ϳí³ñïíÇ Å. 7-ÇÝ. ~
cloister [΄klɔistə] n í³Ýù. ×ñï. ϳٳñ³- down ÷³Ï»É, ÉáõͳñùÇ »ÝóñÏ»É. We are
ϳå ëñ³Ñ: ~ing down Ø»Ýù ÷³ÏíáõÙ »Ýù. ~ in ϳñ׳-
cloistral [΄klɔistrl] a í³ÝùÇ, í³Ý³Ï³Ý. ݳÉ, Ùáï»Ý³É The days are ~ing in úñ»ñÁ
ÙdzÝÓݳϳÝ, ٻݳÏÛ³ó: ϳñ׳ÝáõÙ »Ý. ~ up ÷³Ïí»É. The house has
clone [kləun] n ÏÉáÝ, ÝٳݳÏ: been ~d up all winter ²ÙμáÕç ÓÙ»é ïáõÝÁ
close I [kləus] n í»ñç, ³í³ñï, »½ñ³÷³- ÷³Ï ¿ñ. The wound ~d up ì»ñùÁ ÷³Ïí»ó. ~
ÏáõÙ. at the ~ of season 뻽áÝÇ í»ñçáõÙ. bring with the offer ³é³ç³ñÏÝ ÁݹáõÝ»É. The boxer
to a ~ ³í³ñï»É, ÙÇÝ㨠í»ñç ѳëóÝ»É. at/in ~d with his opponent ´éÝóù³Ù³ñïÇÏÁ å³Û-
the ~ í»ñçáõÙ. draw to one’s ~ ³í³ñïÇÝ Ùá- ù³ñÇ Ù»ç Ùï³í:
ï»Ý³É: closed [kləuzd] a ÷³Ï, Ý»Õ, . ë³Ñٳݳ-
close II [kləuz] n ó³Ýϳå³ï³Í ï³ñ³Íáõ- ÷³Ï. behind ~ doors ÷³Ï ¹éÝ»ñÇ »ï¨áõÙ. a
ÃÛáõÝ. ¹åñáóÇ Ññ³å³ñ³Ï: ~ society Ý»Õ ßñç³Ý³ÏÝ»ñ. ~ mind Ý»Õ Ùï³-
close [kləus] a ÙáïÇÏ. ÷³Ï, ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï. ÑáñǽáÝ. ~ circuit ¿É. ÷³Ï ßÕó. ~ call Ùñ½.
~ friend ÙáïÇÏ ÁÝÏ»ñ. ~ to the school ¹åñáóÇ Ùñó³í³ñÇ íÇ׳μ³Ý³Ï³Ý áñáßáõÙ. ÑÙÏñ·.
Ùáï. ~ resemblance Ù»Í ÝÙ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ÑÙÏñ·. closed routine ÷³Ï Íñ³·Çñ. ~ system ÷³Ï
~ approximation ɳí Ùáï³ñÏáõÙ. ~ array ѳٳϳñ·:
÷³Ï μ³½ÙáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ set ÷³Ï μ³½ÙáõÃÛáõÝ. close-fisted [‚kləus΄fistid] a Åɳï, Ó»éÝ-
have a ~ shave ÷Ëμ. Ù³ÑÇó Ù³½³åáõñÍ ÉÇ- ÷³Ï:
Ý»É. (ë»ñï, ÏÇå. ) a ~ contact ë»ñï ϳå. close-fitting [‚kləus΄fitiŋ] a ÏÇå Ýëï³Í
(Ý»Õí³Íù) live at ~ quarters Ý»Õí³ÍùáõÙ ½·»ëï. ɳí ѳñÙ³ñ»óí³Í.
³åñ»É. (ËÇï) a ~ weave/texture ËÇï ·áñ- closely [΄kləusli] adv Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ, áõß³¹ñáõ-
Í³Í Ïïáñ/·áñÍí³Íù. ~ print ïå·ñ. ËÇï ÃÛ³Ùμ. ÙáïÇÏ, ë»ñïáñ»Ý. look at smb ~
ß³ñí³Íù. a ~ election Ó³ÛÝ»ñÇ Ñ³í³ë³ñ áõß³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ ݳۻÉ. question smb ~ Ù³Ý-
ù³Ý³Ï. ~ formation é½Ù. ÷³Ï ß³ñù. ~ trans- ñ³Ù³ëÝ Ñ³ñó³ùÝÝ»É. work ~ with smb ë»ñ-
lation ×Çßï/ëïáõÛ· óñ·Ù³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. be ~ ïáñ»Ý ѳٳ·áñͳÏó»É. a ~ written page
Åɳï ÉÇÝ»É. ~ correlation Ùáï ѳñ³μ»ñ³Ï- ËÇï ·ñí³Í ¿ç:
óáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ hearing ÷³Ï ¹³ï³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. closeness [΄kləusnəs] n ÙáïÇÏáõÃÛáõÝ. Ëïáõ-
~ scrutiny Ù³Ýñ³ÏñÏÇï ½ÝÝáõÙ. ~ agreement ÃÛáõÝ. ïáÃ, ͳÝñ û¹:
ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ confi- closet [΄klɒzit] n å³ïÇ å³Ñ³ñ³Ý. ³é³ÝÓ-
nement ËÇëï ϳɳÝù. be ~ to tears ѳٳñ- ݳë»ÝÛ³Ï. water ~ (WC) ½áõ·³ñ³Ý:
Û³ ɳó ÉÇÝ»É. with ~ attention Ù»Í/ѳïáõÏ close-up [΄kləusΛp] n (ÏÇÝá). Ëáßáñ åɳÝ.
áõß³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ. on ~ examination ³í»ÉÇ Ùá- take a ~ Ëáßáñ åɳÝáí Ýϳñ»É. I want to take
ïÇÏÇó áõëáõÙݳëÇñ»ÉÇë. a ~ analysis Ù³Ý- a ~ àõ½áõÙ »Ù ÙáïÇÏÇó Ýϳñ»É:
ñ³½ÝÇÝ í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛáõÝ: closing [΄kləuziŋ] n (ݳ¨ª closing time) ÷³-
closing 159 clue

ÏáõÙ, ÷³ÏÙ³Ý Å³Ù. It’s early ~ today ²Ûëûñ ²ãù»ñÁ Ùßáõß³å³ïí»óÇÝ:


˳ÝáõÃÝ»ñÁ ßáõï »Ý ÷³ÏíáõÙ: cloudberry [΄klaudbəri] n μëμ. ׳Ñ׳Ùáß:
closing [΄kləuziŋ] a »½ñ³÷³ÏÇã, í»ñçÇÝ. ~ cloudburst [΄klaudbə:st] n ï»Õ³ï³ñ³÷/
remarks/address »½ñ³÷³ÏÇã μ³é»ñ/»ÉáõÛÃ. ~ áõÅ»Õ ³ÝÓñ¨:
date for applications ¹ÇÙáõÙÝ»ñ ï³Éáõ í»ñ- cloud-capped [‚klaud΄kæpt] a ³Ùå»ñáí
çÇÝ Å³ÙÏ»ïÁ: ͳÍÏí³Í:
closure [΄kləuзə] n ÷³ÏáõÙ. (å³éɳٻÝ- cloud-drift [΄klauddrift] n ³Ùå»ñÇ ß³ñ-
ïáõÙ) íÇ׳μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¹³¹³ñáõÙ: ÅáõÙ, ÉáÕ³óáÕ ³Ùå»ñ:
clot [klɒt] n ·Ý¹ÇÏ. óÝÓñáõÏ. μÅßÏ. ËÇóù, cloudiness [΄klaudinəs] n ³Ùå³Ù³Íáõ-
ÃñáÙμ. a ~ of butter ϳñ³·Ç ·áõݹ/Ïïáñ. a ÃÛáõÝ:
blood ~ ³ñÛ³Ý Ã³ÝÓñáõù. You ~ ! ËëÏó. cloud-kissing [΄klaud‚kisiŋ] a »ñÏݳμ»ñÓ,
´Ã³ÙÇ°ï: »ñÏݳϳٳñÇÝ Ñ³ëÝáÕ:
clot [klɒt] v óÝÓñ³Ý³É. ٳϳñ¹í»É (³ñ- cloud-land [΄klaudlænd] n Ñ»ùdzóÛÇÝ
ÛáõÝÁ): ³ß˳ñÑ:
cloth [klɒθ] n ·áñÍí³Íù, Ù³Ñáõ¹. ~ for the cloudless [΄klaudləs] a ³Ý³Ùå:
suit Ïïáñ ÏáëïÛáõÙÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. table ~ ë÷éáó. cloudlet [΄klaudlət] n ³ÙåÇÏ, ÷áùñ ³Ùå:
tea ~ ³Ù³Ý»Õ»ÝÇ ëñμÇã. floor ~ ѳï³Ï cloudy [΄klaudi] a ³Ùå³Ù³Í. Ù³é³Ëɳ-
Ù³ùñ»Éáõ ßáñ. dish ~ ɳÃ. the ~÷Ëμ. Ñá·¨á- å³ï. åÕïáñ (Ñ»ÕáõÏ):
ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ: clough [klΛf] n Óáñ, É»éÝ»ñÇ ·á·. ÑáíÇï:
clothe [΄kləuð] v ѳ·óÝ»É (ݳ¨ª ÷Ëμ.). ~ clout [klaut] n ÑÛáõëí³ÍùÇ Ïïáñ, ɳÃ. ï»Ë.
oneself ѳ·Ýí»É. ~ one’s family ÁÝï³ÝÇùÇÝ ï³÷ûÕ³Ï:
ѳ·óÝ»É. ~d in black ë¨ Ñ³·³Í. ~d with aut- clove I [kləuv] n Ù»Ë³Ï (ѳٻÙáõÝù). oil of
hority ÷Ëμ. Çß˳ÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ ûÅïí³Í: ~s ٻ˳ÏÇ ÛáõÕ:
clothes [kləuðz] n pl ѳ·áõëï, ½·»ëï. chan- clove II [kləuv] n ëËïáñÇ å×»Õ:
ge one’s ~ ѳ·áõëïÁ ÷áË»É. plain ~ ù³Õ³- clover [΄kləuvə] n »ñ»ùÝáõÏ. in ~ å»ñ׳ÝùÇ/
ù³óÇ³Ï³Ý ½·»ëï. store ~ å³ïñ³ëïÇ ³é³ïáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç:
ѳ·áõëï. fashionable/old-fashioned/loud/sim- clown [klaun] n, v Ë»Õϳï³Ï, ͳÕñ³Íáõ,
ple ~ Ùá¹³ÛÇÏ/Ñݳá×/³Õ³Õ³ÏáÕ, ³ãù ͳ- ÙÇÙáë. Ë»Õϳï³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É:
ÏáÕ/å³ñ½ ѳ·áõëï. (ëåÇï³Ï»Õ»Ý) ~ bas- clownish [΄klauni∫] a Ë»Õϳï³Ï³ÛÇÝ,
ket ëåÇï³Ï»Õ»ÝÇ ½³ÙμÛáõÕ. ~ line Éí³óùÇ Í³Õñ³Íáõ³Ï³Ý:
å³ñ³Ý. ~ peg/pin Éí³óùÇ ë»ÕÙÇã: cloy [klɔi] n ѳ·»óÝ»É:
clothier [΄kləuðiə] n Ù³Ñáõ¹³·áñÍ, Ù³Ñáõ- club I [klΛb] n ³ÏáõÙμ. youth ~ »ñÇï³ë³ñ-
¹³í³×³é: ¹³Ï³Ý ³ÏáõÙμ. tennis ~ ûÝÇëÇ ³ÏáõÙμ:
clothing [΄kləuðiŋ] n ѳ·áõëï, ½·»ëï. arti- club II [klΛb]1. n ٳѳÏ. Ùñ½. ٳϳÝ.
cle of ~ ѳ·áõëïÇ ³é³ñϳ. ready-made ~ ÃÕÃË. ˳ãÇ Ë³Õ³ÃáõÕÃ. the queen of ~s
å³ïñ³ëïÇ Ñ³·áõëï. ~ shop ѳ·áõëï»- ˳ãÇ Ã³·áõÑÇ. golf ~ ·áÉýÇ Ù³Ï³Ý 2. v
Õ»ÝÇ Ë³ÝáõÃ. ~ trade ѳ·áõëï»Õ»ÝÇ Ùdzíáñí»É. They ~bed together Üñ³Ýù Ùdz-
³é¨ïáõñ: ó³Ý/ Ùdzíáñí»óÇÝ:
cloud [klaud] n ³Ùå. ÃáõËå. ~s of smoke club-footed [‚klΛb΄futid] a Íé³Ã³Ã, Ë»Õ-
ÍËÇ ³Ùå»ñ/ùáõɳݻñ. a ~ of mosquitoes í³Í óÃáí:
÷Ëμ. ÙáͳÏÝ»ñÇ μ³½ÙáõÃÛáõÝ/³Ùå. be clubman [΄klΛbmən], clubwoman n ³ÏáõÙμÇ
under a ~ ÷Ëμ. ϳëϳÍÇ ï³Ï ÉÇÝ»É. have ³Ý¹³Ù. ÷Ëμ. ³ß˳ñÑÇÏ/Ï»Ýë³ë»ñ Ù³ñ¹:
one’s head in the ~s ÷Ëμ. ³Ùå»ñáõÙ cluck [klΛk] n, v ÏãÏãáó, ÏéÃáó. ÏãÏã³É,
ë³í³éÝ»É, ³Ýñç»É. Every ~ has a silver lining ÏéóÉ:
âϳ ã³ñÇù ³é³Ýó μ³ñÇùÇ. a ~ on one’s clue [klu:] n μ³Ý³ÉÇ (·³ÕïÝÇùÇ). ~ to a puz-
brow Ùé³ÛÉ/ËáÅáéí³Í ï»ëù: zle é»μáõëÇ μ³Ý³ÉÇ. The detective found a ~
cloud [klaud] v ³Ùå»ñáí ͳÍÏí»É. The sky Êáõ½³ñÏáõÝ ·ï³í ·³ÕïÝÇùÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÁ.
has ~ed over ºñÏÇÝùÁ ³Ùå»ñáí å³ïí»ó. have no ~ ËëÏó. áã ÙÇ ·³Õ³÷³ñ ãáõݻݳÉ.
Her face/eyes ~ed over ¸»ÙùÁ Ùé³ÛÉí»ó, He hasn’t a ~ ÐÇÙ³ñÇ Ù»ÏÝ ¿:
clump 160 coat

clump [klΛmp] n ËáõÙμ. ~ of trees ͳé»ñÇ ~ ³ÍáõË ³ñ¹ÛáõݳѳݻÉ. ~ industry ³ÍË-


ËáõÙμ. Roses grow in ~s ì³ñ¹»ñÁ Ã÷»ñáí ³ñ¹Ûáõݳμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ; blow the ~ Ïñ³ÏÁ μáñ-
»Ý ³×áõÙ: μáù»É. ~ bed ³Í˳߻ñï. ~ cellar/dust/ scut-
clumsy [΄klΛmzi] a ³ÝßÝáñÑù, ³Ý×áéÝÇ. tle ³ÍËÇ ÝÏáõÕ/÷áßÇ/¹áõÛÉ. have/call smn
³Ýï³ß, ³Ýï³Ïï. ~ man/gesture/excuse ³Ý- over the ~s Ïßï³Ùμ»É:
ßÝáñÑù Ù³ñ¹, ÏáåÇï ß³ñÅáõÙ/³ÝѳçáÕ coal-black [΄kəul‚blæk] a ³ÍËÇ ÝÙ³Ý ë¨:
å³ïñí³Ï: coaler [΄kəulə] n ³Í˳ݳí:
cluster [΄klΛstə] n áÕÏáõÛ½, ×áõÃ. ÷áõÝç. coalesce [‚kəuə΄les] v ë»ñï³×»É, ÙdzݳÉ:
ËáõÙμ. a ~ of grapes ˳ÕáÕÇ áÕÏáõÛ½. a ~ of coalescence [‚kəuə΄lesns] n ë»ñï³×áõÙ,
trees ͳé»ñÇ ËáõÙμ. ~ of people Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó ÙdzÏóáõÙ:
ËáõÙμ/μ³½ÙáõÃÛáõÝ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ analyses coal-field [΄kəulfi:ld] n ³ÍË³í³½³Ý:
Ïɳëï»ñ³ÛÇÝ í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ architecture coal-gas [΄kəulgæs] n ³Í˳·³½:
Ïɳëï»ñ³ÛÇÝ ×³ñï³ñ³å»ïáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ of coaling [΄kəuliŋ] n ³ÍËÇ μ»éÝáõÙ:
errors ë˳ÉÝ»ñÇ ÷³Ã»Ã. ~ test ËÙμ³ÛÇÝ coalition [‚kəuə΄li∫n] n ÙdzëÝáõÃÛáõÝ,
ï»ëï³íáñáõÙ: Ïá³ÉÇódz:
cluster [΄klΛstə] v ËéÝí»É, ËÙμí»É. ÷Ýç»ñáí coalman [΄kəulmæn] n ³Í˳ѳï (ݳ¨ª
coalminer):
³×»l. The children ~ed round her ºñ»Ë³Ý»ñÁ
ËÙμí»É ¿ÇÝ Ýñ³ ßáõñçÁ:
coal-mine [΄kəulmain] n ù³ñ³Í˳ѳÝù
(ݳ¨ª coalpit):
clutch I [klΛt∫] n ׳ÝÏ»ñ. ׳ÝÏáõÙ. fall
into/get out of ~es ׳ÝÏ»ñÝ ÁÝÏÝ»É, ׳ÝÏ»-
coal-tar [΄kəulta:] n Ïáõåñ, ÓÛáõÃ, ·áõ¹ñáÝ:
ñÇó ³½³ïí»É/¹áõñë åñÍÝ»É. ï»Ë. ë»ÕÙÇã,
coarse [kɔ:s] a Ïáßï, ÏáåÇï. ~ food/featu-
res/thread Ïáßï/³ÝëÝáõݹ Ï»ñ³Ïáõñ. Ïá-
Ù³ÙɳÏ. Ïóáñ¹Çã. let in/out the ~ Ïóáñ¹ÇãÁ
åÇï/Ëáßáñ ¹ÇÙ³·Í»ñ. ˳٠ûÉ. ~ per-
ÙdzóÝ»É/³Ýç³ï»É:
son/joke ÏáåÇï Ù³ñ¹/ϳï³Ï. ÷Ëμ ³Ý-
clutch II [klΛt∫] n ÃËëÇ ï³ÏÇ Óí»ñ/Ó³·»ñ: å³ïß³×, ³Ýù³Õ³ù³í³ñÇ, ·é»ÑÇÏ. a ~
clutch [klΛt∫] v ׳ÝÏ»É, μéÝ»É. ³Ùáõñ ë»Õ- story/gesture/language ³Ýå³ïß³× ³Ý»Ï-
Ù»É. The child ~ed my hand ºñ»Ë³Ý ׳ÝÏ»ó
¹áï. ÏáåÇï /³Ýù³Õ³ù³í³ñÇ ß³ñÅáõÓ¨.
ÇÙ Ó»éùÁ. A drowning man will ~ at a straw
³Ýå³ïß³× ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÃÛáõÝ:
ʻչíáÕÁ ÷ñ÷áõñÝ»ñÇÝ/Í»ÕÇÏÇÝ ¿É ¿ Ó»éù
coarsen [΄kɔ:sn] v Ïáåï³Ý³É, Ïáßï³Ý³É.
·óáõÙ: coarseness [΄kɔ:s(ə)nəs] n ÏáåïáõÃÛáõÝ,
clutter [΄klΛtə] n, v Çñ³ñ³ÝóáõÙ, Ëáõ׳å, ·é»ÑÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ýå³ïß³×áõÃÛáõÝ:
³Ýϳñ· íÇ׳Ï. Çñ³ñ³ÝóáõÙ ëï»ÕÍ»É, coast [kəust] n ³÷, Íáí³÷. on the ~ Íáí³-
ó÷Ã÷»É. The table was ~ed with papers ÷ÇÝ. the Black Sea ~ ê¨ ÍáíÇ ³÷. rocky/flat
ê»Õ³ÝÇ íñ³ ˳éÝÇËáõéÝ ÃÕûñ ¿ÇÝ ~ ųÛéáï/ï³÷³Ï, ѳñà ³÷. along the ~
ó÷í³Í: ³÷Ç »ñϳÛÝùáí. The ~ is clear ÷Ëμ.
coach [kəut∫] n ͳÍϳϳéù. »ñÏÃ. í³·áÝ. ֳݳå³ñÑÝ ³½³ï ¿:
ïáõñÇëï³Ï³Ý ³íïáμáõë. ¹³ëáõëáõÛó. coast [kəust] v ³÷Ç »ñϳÛÝùáí ÉáÕ³É/ݳ-
Ùñ½. Ù³ñ½Çã.: í³ñÏ»É:
coach [kəut∫] v ëáíáñ»óÝ»É, í³ñÅ»óÝ»É. coastal [΄kəustl] a ³é³÷ÝÛ³, ³÷³Ù»ñÓ. ~
Ù³ñ½»É. ~ for an exam ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ waters ³é³÷ÝÛ³ çñ»ñ. ~ defense ³é³÷ÝÛ³
å³ïñ³ëï»É. ~ smb óïñ. ¹»ñÁ ÷áñÓ»É: å³ßïå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ shipping Ù»ñÓ³÷ÝÛ³
coachman [΄kəut∫mən] n ϳé³å³Ý: Ý³í³·Ý³óáõÃÛáõÝ:
coach-up [΄kəut∫΄Λp] v í³ñÅ»óÝ»É, ëáíá- coaster [΄kəustə] n »½ñ³·Ý³ó ݳí:
ñ»óÝ»É: coast-guard [΄kəustga:d] n ³é³÷ÝÛ³
coagulate [kəu΄ægjuleit] v ٳϳñ¹í»É. ùÇÙ. å³Ñ³Ï³ËáõÙμ, ݳ¨ª ËÙμÇ ³Ý¹³Ù:
Ïá³·áõÉÛ³ódzÛÇ »ÝóñÏí»É: coastline [΄kəustlain] n çñ³÷ÝÛ³ ·ÇÍ:
coagulation [kəu‚ægju΄lei∫n] n ٳϳñ¹áõÙ. coat [kəut] n (ݳ¨ overcoat) í»ñ³ñÏáõ, åÇ-
Ïá³·áõÉÛ³ódz: ç³Ï, ÃÇÏÝáó. light/winter/ready made ~ û-
coal [kəul] n ³ÍáõË, ù³ñ³ÍáõË. blind/brown/ è/ÓÙ»é³ÛÇÝ/å³ïñ³ëïÇ í»ñ³ñÏáõ. ship-
coking ~ ³Ýïñ³óÇï/ ·áñß/Ïáùë ³ÍáõË. get skin ~ áã˳ñÇ ÙáñÃáõó μ³×ÏáÝ, áã˳ñÇ
coatee 161 code

ùáõñù. hooded ~ ·É˳Ýáóáí ÃÇÏÝáó. tail ~ cock-a-doodle-doo [‚kɒkədu:dl΄du:] n


ýñ³Ï. (í»ñݳ½·»ëï) ~ and skirt ϳݳóÇ ÍáõÕñáõÕáõ:
ÏáëïÛáõÙ. (Ù³½, ÙáñÃÇ, μáõñ¹) (ß»ñï) a ~ of cock-a-hoop [‚kɒkə΄hu:p] a ÇÝùݳѳí³Ý:
paint/dust Ý»ñÏÇ/÷áßáõ ß»ñï. a ~ of snow cockatoo [‚kɒkə΄tu:] n ϻݹ. ϳϳ¹áõ:
ÓÛ³Ý Í³ÍÏ. ~ hanger ϳËÇã. wear the cockboat [΄kɒkbəut] n ÷áùñ ݳí³Ï:
king’s/queen’s ~ ÷Ëμ. ͳé³Û»É ²Ý·ÉÇ³Ï³Ý cocker [΄kɒkə] v »ñ»Ë³ÛÇÝ ÷³Û÷³Û»É/»ñ»ë
μ³Ý³ÏáõÙ ~ of arms ½ÇݳÝß³Ý. Cut your ~ ï³É:
according to your cloth àïù»ñ¹ í»ñÙ³Ïǹ cockcrow [΄kɒkkrəu] n ³ùÉáñ³Ï³Ýã. get up
ã³÷áí Ù»ÏÝÇñ: at ~ ³ùÉáñÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï ³ñÃݳݳÉ:
coatee [΄kəuti:] n ÏÇë³í»ñ³ñÏáõ, μ³×ÏáÝ cockerel [΄kɒkrəl] n ³ùÉáñÇÏ:
(Ïáõñïϳ): cock-eyed [‚kɒk΄aid] a ßÇÉ. ѳñμ³Í:
coating [΄kəutiŋ] n ß»ñï (Ý»ñÏÇ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ) cock-fight(ing) [΄kɒk‚fait(iŋ)] n ³ùÉáñ³-
í»ñ³ñÏáõÇ Ïïáñ:
ÏéÇí:
co-author [‚kəu΄ɔ:tə] n ѳٳѻÕÇݳÏ, cockle [΄kɒkl] n Íáí³ÛÇÝ áõï»ÉÇ Ï³ÏÕ³-
Ñ»ÕÇݳϳÏÇó:
ÙáñÃ:
coax [kəuks] v Ñáñ¹áñ»É, ѳÙá½»É. ~ away cockloft [΄kɒklɒft] n Ó»ÕݳѳñÏ, Ù³Ý-
·³ÛóÏÕ»É. ~ smn do smth Ñáñ¹áñ»Éáí
ë³ñ¹:
ѳÙá½»É ÙÇ μ³Ý ³Ý»É:
coaxing [΄kəuksiŋ] n Ñáñ¹áñ³Ýù, ëÇñ³ß³- cockney [΄kɒkni] n μÝÇÏ ÉáݹáÝóÇ. ÈáݹáÝÇ
μ³ñμ³éÁ:
ÑáõÙ. She just needs ~ Üñ³Ý å³ñ½³å»ë
cockpit [΄kɒkpit] n û¹³ãáõÇ ËóÇÏ. ݳí³-
å»ïù ¿ ѳÙá½»É:
ËóÇÏ (³ÝÓݳϳ½ÙÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ):
cobalt [΄kəubɔ:lt] n ùÇÙ. Ïáμ³Éï. Ïáμ³ÉïÇ
ϳåáõÛï Ý»ñÏ:
cockroach [΄kɒkrəut∫] n áõïÇ×:
cobble [΄kɒbl] n (ݳ¨ª cobblestone) ·»- cockscomb [΄kɒkskəum] n ³ù³Õ³ÕÇ Ï³-
ï³ñ. ÷Ëμ. ÇÝùݳ·áÑ/å×ݳÙáÉ Ù³ñ¹:
ï³ù³ñ, ë³É³ù³ñ. ~s ë³É³ñÏ:
cobble I [΄kɒbl] v ÏáßÇÏÝ»ñ ϳñϳï»É. ÷á- cock-shot [΄kɒk∫ɒt] n ÃÇñ³Ë, Ý߳ݳÏ:
ÕáóÝ»ñÁ ë³É³ñÏ»É. a ~d street ë³É³ñÏ³Í cock-sure [‚kɒk΄∫ɔ:] a ÇÝùݳíëï³Ñ. ³Ý-
÷áÕáó: ϳëϳÍ, ³Ýï³ñ³ÏáõÛë:
cobbler II [΄kɒblə] n Ñݳϳñϳï, ÷Ç- cocktail [΄kɒkteil] n ÏáÏï»ÛÉ:
ݳãÇ: cocky [΄kɒki] a ÇÝùݳíëï³Ñ. a ~ little boy
cobbler [΄kɒblə] n ½áí³óáõóÇã ËÙÇãù (·Ç- ѳݹáõ·Ý ïÕ³:
ÝÇ, ß³ù³ñ ¨ ÏÇïñáÝ): coco [΄kəukəu] n ÏáÏáëÇ ³ñÙ³í»ÝÇ. ÁÝÏáõ-
cobby [΄kɒbi] a ÃÇÏݳí»ï, ÃÇÏÝ»Õ, ³Ùñ³- ½³μ»ñ ³ñÙ³í»ÝÇ:
ϳ½Ù: cocoa [΄kəukəu] ϳϳá:
coble [΄kəubl] n ÓÏÝáñë³Ï³Ý ݳí³Ï: coco-nut [΄kəukənΛt] n ÏáÏáëÇ ÁÝÏáõÛ½:
cobra [΄kəubrə] n ϻݹ. Ïáμñ³: cocoon [kə΄ku:n] n μáÅáÅ:
cobweb [΄kɒbweb] ë³ñ¹áëï³ÛÝ. ÷Ëμ. ó- cod [kɒd] n ÓáÕ³ÓáõÏ:
ϳñ¹. Ýáõñμ ·áñÍí³Íù, ßÕ³ñß: coddle [΄kɒdl] n Ñá·³ï³ñ ÉÇÝ»É, ÷³Û÷³-
cobwebby [΄kɒb‚webi] a áëï³ÛÝáí å³- Û»É. ~ the child too much ã³÷Çó ³í»ÉÇ ÷³Û-
ï³Í: ÷³Û»É »ñ»Ë³ÛÇÝ. ~ an invalid Ñá·³ï³ñ
cocaine [kəu΄kein] n ÏáϳÇÝ: ÉÇÝ»É Ñ³ßٳݹ³ÙÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ:
cock [kɒk] n ³ù³Õ³Õ. ³í. û¹³ãáõÇ Ýëï³- code [kəud] n ͳÍϳ·Çñ, ͳÍϳ·ñÇ μ³-
ï»Õ. the ~ bird ³ñáõ ÃéãáõÝ. live like fighting ݳÉÇ. Çñ³í. ûñ»Ýë·Çñù, ûñ»ÝùÝ»ñÇ Åá-
~s ³ÝÑá·/áõñ³Ë ³åñ»É. ~ of the wood Õáí³Íáõ. ϳÝáݳ·Çñù. ϳÝáݳ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ.
Ù³Ûñ³Ñ³í, Ëɳѳí. (Íáñ³Ï) water/stop ~ labour ~ ³ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ ûñ»Ýë·Çñù/ϳ-
Íáñ³Ï. hay ~ ¹»½. (Ññ³ó³ÝÇ ßÝÇÏ) at full ~ Ýáݳ·Çñù. penal ~ ùñ»³Ï³Ý ûñ»Ýë·Çñù
Ññ³Ñ³ÝÁ ÉñÇí í»ñ ù³ß³Í: commercial ~ ³é¨ïñ³Ï³Ý ûñ»Ýë·Çñù. land
cock [kɒk] v ùÇÃÁ óó»É, »ñ¨³Ï³Û»É. ~ a gun ~ ÑáÕ³ÛÇÝ ûñ»ë·Çñù. legal ~ ·áñÍáÕ Ïá-
ßÝÇÏÁ Ó·»É. ~ one’s ears ³Ï³ÝçÝ»ñÁ ɳñ»É: ¹»ùë. a moral ~ μ³ñáÛ³Ï³Ý Ïá¹»ùë. ~ of ho-
cockade [kɒ΄keid] n Ïáϳñ¹, ·¹³Ï³ÝÇß: nour å³ïíÇ Ïá¹»ùë. highway ~ ÷áÕáó³ÛÇÝ
co-defendant 162 coin

»ñè»ÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³ÝáÝÝ»ñ. in ~ ϳå³Ïó- cogency [΄kəudзənsi] n ³ÝíÇ×»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ,


í³Í. (Ïá¹, ͳÍϳ·Çñ) break a ~ í»ñÍ³Ý»É ³ÝÅËï»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ. be convinced by the ~ of
ͳÍϳ·ÇñÁ. message in a ~ ͳÍϳ·ñí³Í the argument ѳÙá½í»É ÷³ëï»ñÇ ³ÝíÇ×»-
ѳÕáñ¹³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ÑÙÏñ·. code area Ïá¹Ç ÉÇáõÃÛ³Ý Ý»ñùá:
ïÇñáõÛÃ. ~ audit Íñ³·ñÇ ëïáõ·áõÙ. ~ base cogent [΄kəudзənt] a ѳÙá½Çã, ³ÝÅËï»ÉÇ:
Ïá¹Ç ÑÇÙù. ~ chain Ïá¹»ñÇ Ñ³çáñ¹³Ï³Ýáõ- cogged [kɒgd] a ³ï³Ùݳíáñ:
ÃÛáõÝ. ~ conversion Ïá¹Ç ÷á˳ñÏÇã. ~ error cogitate [΄kɒdзiteit] v ËáñÑ»É, Ïßé³¹³ï»É:
ëË³É Ïá¹áõÙ. ~ extension Ïá¹Ç ÁݹɳÛÝáõÙ. cogitation [‚kɒdзi΄tei∫n] n ËáñÑáõÙ, Ïßé³-
~ independent Ïá¹Çó ³ÝϳË: ¹³ïáõÙ:
co-defendant [‚kəudi΄fendənt] n ѳñ³ÏÇó cognate [΄kɒgneit] 1. n ³½·³Ï³Ý. ~s ³½·³-
å³ï³ë˳ÝáÕ. Çñ³í. å³ï³ë˳ݳÏÇó: ÏÇó É»½áõÝ»ñ/μ³é»ñ. 2. a ³½·³ÏÇó, Ù»ñ-
codex [΄kəudeks] n ûñ»Ýë·Çñù: Ó³íáñ:
cod-fish [΄kɒdfi∫] n ÓáÕ³ÓáõÏ: cognition [kɒg΄ni∫n] n ÇÙ³óáõÃÛáõÝ, ÇÙ³-
codger [΄kɒdзə] n ËëÏó. ï³ñûñÇÝ³Ï Ù³ñ¹: ó³Ï³Ý ϳñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ:
codicil [΄kəudisil] n Ïï³ÏÇ Ñ³í»Éí³Í: cognitive [΄kɒgnətiv] a ÇÙ³ó³Ï³Ý:
codify [΄kəudifai] v ͳÍϳ·ñ»É. ûñ»ÝùÝ»ñÁ cognizable [΄kɒgnizəbl] a ׳ݳã»ÉÇ, ÇÙ³-
ѳٳϳñ·»É: ݳÉÇ:
codling [΄kɔdliŋ] n Ù³Ýñ ÓáÕ³ÓáõÏ: cognizance [΄kɒgnizəns] n ׳ݳã»ÉÁ, ÇÙ³-
cod-liver oil [‚kɒdlivər΄ɔil] n ÓÏ³Ý ÛáõÕ: óáõÃÛáõÝ. take ~ of Ýϳï»É. have ~ of ÙÇ
co-education [‚kəuedju΄kei∫n] n (Ïñ×. co-ed) μ³ÝÇ Ù³ëÇÝ ÇٳݳÉ:
ѳٳï»Õ áõëáõóáõÙ: cognizant [΄kɒgnizənt] a ï»ÕÛ³Ï, Çñ³½»Ï:
coefficient [‚kəui΄fi∫nt] n ·áñͳÏÇó. cog-wheel [΄kɒgwi:l] n ³ï³Ùݳíáñ ³ÝÇí:
Ýå³ëïáÕ ·áñÍáÝ: cohabit [kəu΄hæbit] v ϻݳÏó»É:
coerce [kəu΄ə:s] v ѳñϳ¹ñ»É, ëïÇå»É. ~ cohabitation [kəu‚hæbi΄tei∫n] n ѳٳï»Õ
into silence Éé»óÝ»É: μݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ. unmarried ~ ÷³ëï³óÇ ³Ùáõë-
coercion [kəu΄ə:∫n] n ѳñϳ¹ñáõÙ, μéݳ- ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
¹³ïáõÙ. under ~ ѳñϳ¹ñ³μ³ñ: coheir [kəu΄eə] n ųé³Ý·³ÏÇó, ѳٳų-
coercive [kəu΄ə:siv] a ѳñϳ¹Çñ: é³Ý·:
coeval [kəu΄i:vl] n, a ѳë³Ï³ÏÇó, ųٳݳ- cohere [kəu΄hiə] v ϳå³Ïóí³Í ÉÇÝ»É, ѳ-
ϳÏÇó. ÙdzųٳݳÏÛ³: ñ³Ïóí»É:
coexist [‚kəuig΄zist] v ·áÛ³Ïó»É: coherence [kəu΄hiərəns] n ϳå³Ïóí³Íáõ-
coexistence [‚kəuig΄zistəns] n ·áÛ³Ïóáõ- ÃÛáõÝ. ѳñ³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÃÛáõÝ. peaceful ~ Ë³Õ³Õ ·áÛ³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ: coherent [kəu΄hiərənt] a ѳٳӳÛÝ»óí³Í.
coffee [΄kɒfi] n ëáõñ×. strong/fresh/hot ~ ϳå³Ïóí³Í, ѳñ³Ïóí³Í. a ~ story/argu-
Ãáõݹ/óñÙ/ï³ù ëáõñ×. black/white ~ ë¨ ment ϳå³Ïóí³Í å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ. Ñ»ï¨á-
ëáõñ×, ϳÃáí ëáõñ×. ~ bean ëáõñ×Ç Ñ³ïÇÏ. Õ³Ï³Ý ÷³ëï³ñÏ:
~ cup ëáõñ×Ç ·³í³Ã. ~ pot ëñ׳ٳÝ. grind coiffeur [kwa:΄fə:] n í³ñë³íÇñ:
~ ëáõñ× ³Õ³É. make ~ ëáõñ× å³ïñ³ëï»É. coiffure [kwa:΄fjuə] n ë³Ýñí³Íù:
~ grinder (ݳ¨ª ~ mill) ëñ׳ճó: coil [kɔil] n ûÕ³Ï. ûճϳӨ ¹³ñëí³Í å³-
coffee-grounds [΄kɒfigraundz] n ëáõñ×Ç ñ³Ý. the ~ of smoke/snake ûÓÇ/ÍËÇ ûÕ³ÏÝ»ñ.
Ùñáõñ: ~ of rope/wire å³ñ³ÝÇ/¿É. ɳñÇ ûÕ³ÏÝ»ñ:
coffee-room [΄kɒfiru:m] n ëñ׳ñ³Ý: coil [kɔil] v ûճϳӨ ÷³Ã³Ã»É. ~ a rope
coffer [΄kɒfə] n ëݹáõÏ, ³ñÏÕ. ~s ·³ÝÓ³- å³ñ³ÝÁ ûճϳӨ ÷³Ã³Ã»É. ~ up ÷³-
ñ³Ý: óÃí»É. The snake ~ed round a branch úÓÁ
coffin [΄kɒfin] n ¹³·³Õ. Íáí. ÑÇÝ ³Ýå»ïù ÷³Ã³Ãí»É ¿ñ ×ÛáõÕÇ ßáõñçÁ:
ݳí: coin [kɔin] n ¹ñ³Ù, Ù»ï³Õ³¹ñ³Ù. bad ~
cog [kɒg] n ³ÝÇíÇ ³ï³Ù, »Éáõëï. a ~ in the ûñ³ñÅ»ù ¹ñ³Ù. base ~ Ï»ÕÍ ¹ñ³Ù. pay
machine ÷Ëμ. ãÝãÇÝ/³ÝÝß³Ý ³ÝÓ: back in one’s own ~ ÝáõÛÝ ¹ñ³Ùáí/÷á˳-
cog [kɒg] v ˳ñ¹³ËáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É, ˳μ»É: ¹³ñÓÁ ѳïáõó»É:
coin 163 collection

coin [kɔin] v ¹ñ³Ù Ïïñ»É/ѳï»É. He must be collaborate [kə΄læbəreit] v ѳٳ·áñͳÏ-


~ing money ܳ ³ÝѳßÇí ÷áÕ»ñ áõÝÇ. ~ new ó»É, ·áñͳÏó»É, ³ß˳ï³Ïó»É:
words ÷Ëμ. Ýáñ μ³é»ñ ëï»ÕÍ»É: collaboration [kə‚læbə΄rei∫n] n ѳٳ·áñ-
coinage [΄kɔinidз] n ¹ñ³Ù³Ñ³ïáõÙ. ¹ñ³- ͳÏóáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ß˳ï³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ:
Ù³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·. decimal ~ ï³ëÝáñ¹³- collapsable [kə΄læpsəbl] a ͳÉáíÇ. a ~ boat
Ï³Ý ¹ñ³Ù³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·. debase the ~ ѳí³ùáíÇ Ý³í³Ï. a ~ seat ͳÉáíÇ ³Ãáé. a
ÏáõñëÁ Çç»óÝ»É: ~ bed ͳÉáíÇ Ù³Ñ׳ϳÉ:
coincide [‚kəuin΄said] v ѳÙÁÝÏÝ»É, ѳٳ- collapse [kə΄læps] n ÷Éáõ½áõÙ. ÷Ëμ. Ëáñ-
å³ï³ë˳ݻÉ. The story ~d with facts Üñ³ ï³ÏáõÙ, ³ÝÏáõÙ. μÅßÏ. áõÅ»ñÇ ³ÝÏáõÙ.
å³ïÙ³ÍÁ ѳٳå³ï³ë˳ÝáõÙ ¿ ÷³ë- ýÇÝ. Ïñ³Ë, μ³ÝÏñáï, ëݳÝϳóáõÙ:
ï»ñÇÝ: collapse [kə΄læps] v ÷áõÉ ·³É, áõųëå³é
coincidence [kəu΄insidəns] n ѳÙÁÝÏÝáõÙ, ÉÇÝ»É, Ó³ËáÕí»É. ~ with exhaustion áõų-
½áõ·³¹ÇåáõÃÛáõÝ. sheer ~ å³ñ½/ѳë³ñ³Ï ëå³é ÉÇÝ»É. ~ with laughter ÍÇͳÕÇó Ãáõɳ-
½áõ·³¹ÇåáõÃÛáõÝ: ݳÉ/ÁÝÏÝ»É. The ceiling ~d ²é³ëï³ÕÁ ÷áõÉ
coincident [kəu΄insidənt] a ѳÙÁÝÏÝáÕ, »Ï³í. The firm ~d üÇñÙ³Ý ëݳÝϳó³í:
½áõ·³¹ÇåáÕ: collar I [΄kɒlə] n ûÓÇù. a stiff ~ ûëɳ۳Í
coiner [΄kɔinə] n ¹ñ³Ù³Ñ³ï. ¹ñ³Ù³Ý»Ý·: ûÓÇù. separate ~ ³é³ÝÓÇÝ ûÓÇù. stand up ~
coke I [kəuk] n Ïáùë: ϳݷáõÝ ûÓÇù. work up to the ~ ÙÇÝã¨
coke II [kəuk] n Ïáϳ Ïáɳ: ÏáÏáñ¹Á ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ Ù»ç Ëñí³Í ÉÇÝ»É:
coker [΄kəukə] (nut) n ÑݹÏÁÝÏáõÛ½: collar II [΄kɒlə] n Ùñ½. Ù³ñ½³ÏáßÇÏÇ »½ñ³-
colander [΄kΛləndə] n ù³ÙÇã: ùáõÕáõÙ:
cold [kəuld] n óáõñï, óñïáõÃÛáõÝ, ë³éÝáõ- collar-bone [΄kɒləbəun] n ϽÙË. ³Ýñ³Ï:
ÃÛáõÝ. severe ~ ë³ëïÇÏ óáõñï, ë³éݳٳ- collate [kə΄leit] v ѳٻٳï»É. ×ßï»É, ëïáõ-
ÝÇù be left out in the ~ ÷Ëμ. ³Ýáõß³¹ñáõ- ·»É:
ÃÛ³Ý Ù³ïÝí»É. catch ~ Ùñë»É, ѳñμáõËáí collateral [kə΄lætrl] a »ñÏñáñ¹³Ï³Ý, ûųÝ-
ÑÇí³Ý¹³Ý³É: ¹³Ï. ³ÝáõÕÕ³ÏÇ, ÏáÕÙݳÏÇ. ½áõ·³Ñ»é,
cold [kəuld] a óáõñï, ë³éÁ. It’s ~ òáõñï ¿. ½áõ·ÁÝóó. ~ agreement/guarantee Éñ³óáõóÇã
It’s getting ~er ²í»ÉÇ ¿ óñïáõÙ. I’m ~ ºë ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ/»ñ³ßËÇù:
ÙñëáõÙ »Ù. My feet are ~ àïù»ñë ë³éáõÙ »Ý. collation [kə΄lei∫n] n ѳٻٳïáõÙ. ûè
a ~ reception ÷Ëμ. ë³éÝ ÁݹáõÝ»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ. a ݳ˳׳ß:
~ man ãáñ Ù³ñ¹. a ~ comfort ÃáõÛÉ ÙËÇó- colleague [΄kɒli:g] n å³ßïáݳÏÇó, ·áñÍ-
ñáõÃÛáõÝ. I’ve got ~ feet ÷Ëμ. ºë í³Ë»ÝáõÙ ÁÝÏ»ñ:
»Ù. in ~ blood ë³éݳñÛáõÝ Ï»ñåáí. pour ~ collect [kə΄lekt] v ѳí³ù»É, ÅáÕáí»É. ѳí³-
water ë³éÁ çáõñ ÉóÝ»É. His words left me ~ ù³Íáõ ϳ½Ù»É. ·³ÝÓ»É. ~ taxes/fines ѳñ-
Üñ³ μ³é»ñÝ ÇÝÓ ãÑáõ½»óÇÝ: Ï»ñ ѳí³ù»É, ïáõ·³Ýù ·³ÝÓ»É. ~ the post
coldblooded [‚kəuld΄blΛdid] a ë³éݳñÛáõÝ: ݳٳÏÝ»ñÁ í»ñóÝ»É. ~ smb Ù»ÏÇÝ Ñ»ïÁ
cold-hearted [‚kəuld΄ha:tid] a ë³éݳ- ï³Ý»É. ~ children from school »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñÇÝ
ëÇñï: ¹åñáóÇó í»ñóÝ»É. ~ one’s thoughts Ùïù»ñÁ
coldish [΄kəuldi∫] a ë³éݳíáõÝ, óñï³íáõÝ: ϳñ·Ç μ»ñ»É. ~ oneself ëó÷í»É, áõßùÇ
cold-livered [‚kəuld΄livəd] a ³Ýï³ñμ»ñ, ·³É. (ѳí³ùí»É) A crowd ~ed ²ÙμáË Ñ³-
ë³éݳëÇñï: í³ùí»ó. Dust ~ed öáßÇ ¿ñ ѳí³ùí»É. ~ for
coldness [΄kəuldnəs] n óñïáõÃÛáõÝ. ³Ýï³ñ- the blind ÏáõÛñ»ñÇ û·ïÇÝ ÝíÇñ³ïíáõÃÛáõÝ
μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ: ѳí³ù»É:
cold-shoulder [‚kəuld΄∫əuldə] v ËëÏó. Ù»- collected [kə΄lektid] a ѳí³ù, ëó÷. be
ÏÇÝ ë³éÁ/³ÝëÇñï ÁݹáõÝ»É: calm and ~ ѳݷÇëï ¨ ëó÷ ÉÇÝ»É. the ~
cold-storage [‚kəuld΄stɔ:ridз] n, v ë³éݳ- works of Raffi ð³ýýáõ »ñÏ»ñÇ ÅáÕáí³ÍáõÝ:
ñ³Ý. ë³éݳñ³ÝáõÙ å³Ñ»ÉÁ: collection [kə΄lek∫n] n ѳí³ù³Íáõ, ÅáÕá-
coleslaw [΄kəulslɔ:] n ϳճÙμÇ ³Õó³Ý: í³Íáõ. ·³ÝÓáõÙ, ѳí³ùáõÙ. ~ of signatures
colic [΄kɒlik] n ͳÏáó, ëáõñ ó³í: ëïáñ³·ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³í³ùáõÙ. times of ~
collective 164 coloured

ݳٳÏÝ»ñÁ ÷áëï³ñÏÕÝ»ñÇó ѳí³ù»Éáõ colonize [΄kɒlənaiz] v ·³ÕáõóóÝ»É:


ųÙ. data ~ ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ Ñ³í³ùáõÙ. tax ~ colonizer [΄kɒlənaizə] n ·³Õáõóñ³ñ:
ѳñÏ»ñÇ ·³ÝÓáõÙ. urban ~ system ù³Õ³ù³- colonnade [‚kɒlə΄neid] n ëÛáõݳ߳ñ, »ñÏ-
ÛÇÝ ÏáÛáõÕÇ. ~ of rubbish ³ÕμÁ ï³Ý»Éáõ (ų- ß³ñ ͳéáõÕÇ:
Ù»ñÁ). ~ of stories/poems å³ïÙí³ÍùÝ»ñÇ/ colony [΄kɒləni] n ·³ÕáõÃ. ³ùëáñ³í³Ûñ.
åá»ÙÝ»ñÇ ÅáÕáí³Íáõ. ~ of stamps ݳٳ- penal ~ ϳɳݳí³Ûñ:
ϳÝÇßÝ»ñÇ Ñ³í³ù³Íáõ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ class ѳ- colophony [kɒ΄lɒfəni] n 쨻Ïݳ˻Å:
Ù³ËÙμáõÃÛ³Ý ¹³ë. ~ object ÏáÉ»ÏódzÛÇ/ coloration [‚kΛlə΄rei∫n] n ·áõݳ½ñÏáõÙ.
ѳٳËÙμáõÃÛ³Ý ¿É»Ù»Ýï: Ý»ñÏáõÙ:
collective [kə΄lektiv] a Ùdzï»Õ, ÙdzóÛ³É, colorific [‚kΛlə΄rifik] a ·áõÝ»Õ. ÷Ëμ. ·áõ-
ѳí³ù³Ï³Ý. ù»ñ. ѳí³ù³Ï³Ý. a ~ noun ݳ·»Õ á×:
ѳí³ù³Ï³Ý ·á۳ϳÝ. ~ ownership ѳٳ- colossal [kə΄lɒsl] a Ñëϳ۳ϳÝ, íÇÃ˳ñÇ.
ïÇñáõÙ: ËëÏó. ëù³Ýã»ÉÇ:
collector [kə΄lektə] n ÏáÉ»ÏóÇáÝ»ñ, ѳí³- colossus [kə΄lɒsəs] n íÇÃ˳ñÇ ³ñÓ³Ý. Ïá-
ùáñ¹. ѳñϳѳí³ù (ݳ¨ª tax collector). ÃáÕ. Ñëϳ:
ticket ~ ÑëÏÇã: colour [΄kΛlə] n ·áõÛÝ, »ñ³Ý·. bright/dark/in-
college [΄kɒlidз] n ùáÉ»ç. ÏáÉ»·Ç³, ÁÝÏ»- tense/quiet ~s å³Ûͳé/Ùáõ·/ѳ·»ó³Í/ ѳÝ-
ñáõÃÛáõÝ. military ~ é³½Ù³Ï³Ý ³Ï³¹»Ùdz. ·Çëï ·áõÛÝ»ñ. What~ is? ƱÝã ·áõÛÝÇ ¿. sense
C~ of Surgeons ìÇñ³μáõÛÅÝ»ñÇ ÁÝÏ»ñáõ- of ~ ·áõÛÝÇ ½·³óáõÙ. primary/secondary ~s
ÃÛáõÝ: ÑÇÙݳϳÝ/ μ³Õ³¹ñÛ³É ·áõÛÝ»ñ. out of ~
collegiate [kə΄li:dзiət] n, a ùáÉ»çÇ áõë³ÝáÕ. Ëáõݳó³Í. ~ box Ý»ñÏ»ñÇ ïáõ÷, Ý»ñϳ-
ѳٳÉë³ñ³Ý³Ï³Ý. ÏáÉ»·Ç³É: åݳÏ. (¹»ÙùÇ ·áõÛÝ) have very little/ a good /a
collide [kə΄laid] v μ³Ëí»É, Áݹѳñí»É. ~ high ~ ß³ï ·áõݳï ÉÇÝ»É, óñÙ ¹»Ùù áõÝ»-
with μ³Ëí»É/ Ù»ÏÇ/ÙÇ μ³ÝÇ Ñ»ï/: ݳÉ, ϳñÙñ³ÃßÇÏ ÉÇÝ»É. change ~ ³ÛɳÛÉ-
collie [΄kɒli] n ßáïɳݹ³Ï³Ý áã˳ñ³å³Ñ í»É. lose ~ ·áõݳïí»É. be off ~ Çñ»Ý í³ï³-
ßáõÝ, ÏáÉÉÇ: éáÕç ½·³É. local ~ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ÏáÉáñÇï/
collier [΄kɒliə] n ³Í˳ѳï, ³Í˳ݳí: »ñ³Ý·³íáñáõÙ. under ~ of ÷Ëμ. å³ïñí³-
colliery [΄kɒljəri] n ù³ñ³Í˳ѳÝù: ÏÇ ï³Ï, å³ïñí³Ïáí. give/lend ~ to a story
collision [kə΄liзn] n μ³ËáõÙ, ÁݹѳñáõÙ. ÷Ëμ. å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝÁ ·áõݳ½³ñ¹»É. Let’s
come into ~ with μ³Ëí»É, Áݹѳñí»É: see the ~ of your money Ü³Ë ÷áÕÁ í׳ñ»ù.
collocate [΄kɒləkeit] v ¹³ë³íáñ»É, ï»Õ³- ~s ³ñí. Ý»ñÏ»ñ. a water ~ çñ³Ý»ñÏ, ³Ï-
íáñ»É. ϳñ·»É: í³ñ»É. paint in water ~s çñ³Ý»ñÏáí Ýϳñ»É.
collocation [‚kɒlə΄kei∫n] n ¹³ë³íáñáõÙ, paint smth in bright/dark ~s ÷Ëμ. áñ¨¿ μ³Ý
ï»Õ³íáñáõÙ. É»½í. μ³é³Ï³å³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ: í³é/Ùé³ÛÉ ·áõÛÝ»ñáí Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É. (¹ñáß)
colloquial [kə΄ləukwiəl] a Ëáë³Ïó³Ï³Ý, the ~s é½Ù., ùÕù. ¹ñáß. national ~s å»ï³Ï³Ý
·áñͳͳϳÝ: ¹ñáß. join the ~s ½ÇÝíáñ³Ï³Ý ¹³éݳÉ. come
colloquialism [kə΄ləukwiə‚lizm] n Ëáë³Ï- off with flying ~s ѳÕÃáÕ Ñ³Ý¹Çë³Ý³É. pass
ó³Ï³Ý ¹³ñÓí³Í/³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÃÛáõÝ: exams with flying ~s ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ÷³ÛÉáõÝ
collusion [kə΄lu:зn] n ·³ÕïÝÇ Ñ³Ù³Ó³Û- ѳÝÓÝ»É. nail one’s ~s to the mast ÷Ëμ. Çñ
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. act in ~ ·³ÕïÝÇ Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝáõ- ³ë³ÍÁ åݹ»É/ѳí³ï³ñÇÙ ÙݳÉ. ~
ÃÛ³Ùμ ·áñÍ»É: film/TV set ·áõݳíáñ ýÇÉÙ/Ñ»éáõëï³óáõÛó.
colon I [΄kəulən] n ù»ñ. »ñÏáõ Ï»ï (ѳۻñ»Ý` ~ blind ¹³ÉïáÝÇÏ, ·áõÛÝ»ñ 㽳ݳ½³ÝáÕ:
ÙÇç³Ï»ï): colour [΄kΛlə] v Ý»ñÏ»É, ·áõݳíáñ»É. »ñ³Ý-
colon II [΄kəulən] n ϽÙË. ѳëï ³ÕÇù: ·³íáñ»É. ϳñÙñ»É. ~ red ϳñÙÇñ Ý»ñÏ»É. ~
colonel [΄kə:nl] n ·Ý¹³å»ï: red/yellow ϳñÙñ»É, ¹»ÕÝ»É:
colonial [kə΄ləuniəl] n, a ·³ÕáõóμݳÏ, colouration [‚kΛlə΄rei∫n] n ·áõݳ½³ñ¹áõÙ.
·³ÕáõóÛÇÝ: Ý»ñÏáõÙ, ·áõݳíáñáõÙ:
colonization [‚kɒlənai΄zei∫n] n ·³Õáõ- coloured [΄kΛləd] a ·áõݳíáñ. highly ~
óóáõÙ: ÷Ëμ. ËÇëï ·áõݳ½³ñ¹³Í. 먳ÙáñÃ:
colourful 165 come

colourful [΄kΛləfl] a ·áõÝ»Õ, ·áõݳ·»Õ, combustibility [kəm‚bΛstə΄biləti] n ¹Ûáõñ³-


í³é. ~ personality í³é ³ÝÓݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ: í³éáõÃÛáõÝ, μáó³í³é»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ:
colouring [΄kΛləriŋ] n Ý»ñÏáÕ ÝÛáõÃ. ¹»ÙùÇ combustible [kəm΄bΛstəbl] a ¹Ûáõñ³í³é:
·áõÛÝ. protective ~ μëμ. å³ßïå³ÝáÕ³Ï³Ý combustibles [kəm΄bΛstəblz] n pl ¹Ûáõñ³-
·áõݳíáñáõÙ: í³é ÝÛáõûñ. í³é»É³ÝÛáõÃ:
colourless [΄kΛlələs] a ³Ý·áõÛÝ (ݳ¨ª ÷Ëμ.): combustion [kəm΄bΛst∫ən] n ³ÛñáõÙ, í³-
colour-process [΄kΛlə‚prəuses] n ·áõݳíáñ éáõÙ, ÏǽáõÙ. spontaneous ~ ÇÝùݳÛñáõÙ. in-
Éáõë³ÝϳñãáõÃÛáõÝ: ternal~ engine Ý»ñùÇÝ ³ÛñÙ³Ý ß³ñÅÇã:
colour-sergeant [΄kΛlə‚sa:dзənt] n ¹ñáß³- come [kΛm] v ·³É, ųٳݻÉ. ~ early/late/in
ÏÇñ ë»ñųÝï: time ßáõï/áõß/ųٳݳÏÇÝ ·³É. ~ first/last
colt [kəult] n ÙïñáõÏ, ùáõé³Ï: ³é³çÇÝÁ/í»ñçÇÝÁ ·³É. C~ here! ²Ûëï»Õ
column [΄kɒləm] a ×ñï., é½Ù. ëÛáõÝ, ½áñ³- ³ñÇ/»Ï. Coming! ¶³ÉÇë »Ù. The car/the post
ëÛáõÝ. vertebral/spinal ~ áÕݳ߳ñ. a ~ of fig- has ~ Ø»ù»Ý³Ý/öáëïÁ »Ï»É ¿. They’ll ~ for us
ures Ãí»ñÇ ëÛáõݳÏ. steering ~ (³íïá) Õ»- Üñ³Ýù Ï·³Ý Ù»ñ »ï¨Çó. The pain ~s and
ϳí³ñÙ³Ý ëÛáõÝ£ goes ò³íÁ Ù»Ï Çñ»Ý ½·³óÝ»É ¿ ï³ÉÇë, Ù»Ï
columnist [΄kɒləmnist] n Éñ³·ñáÕ, Ù»Ïݳ- ³ÝÑ»ï³ÝáõÙ ¿. (Ùáï»Ý³É) ݳ¨ª ~ up to.
μ³Ý. Ù³ÙáõÉÇ ï»ë³μ³Ý. Ùßï³Ï³Ý Ëáñ³- Spring is ~ing ¶³ñáõÝÁ Ùáï»ÝáõÙ ¿. in the
·Çñ í³ñáÕ: ~ing year »ÏáÕ ï³ñÇ. ~ nearer ³í»ÉÇ Ùáï
comb [kəum] n ë³Ýñ. ³ù³Õ³ÕÇ Ï³ï³ñ. ·³É/»Ï. ~ and see ²ñÇ ï»ë. ~, Let’s go/begin
Ù»Õñ³μçÇçÝ»ñ, ËáñÇëË. ~ honey ËáñÇë- ¸», ³ñÇ ·Ý³Ýù/ëÏë»Ýù. Come! Come! ¸»,
˳ٻÕñ: ¹», ѳݷëï³óÇñ. (ѳëÝ»É) when you ~ to
comb [kəum] v ë³Ýñ»É. é½Ù. Ñ»ï³Ëáõ½»É, London »ñμ ÈáݹáÝ Ñ³ëÝ»ë. It came to my
Ñ»ï³Ëáõ½»Éáí Ù³ùñ»É. ~ one’s hair Ù³½»ñÁ hearing ²Ï³ÝçÇë ѳë³í. (å³ï³Ñ»É, ï»ÕÇ
ë³Ýñ»É. ~ wool μáõñ¹ ·½»É: áõݻݳÉ) How did it ~ that you are so late?
combat [΄kɒmbæt]1. n Ù³ñï. single ~ Ù»- ƱÝã(å»ë) å³ï³Ñ»ó, áñ ¹áõ ³Û¹ù³Ý áõß³-
ݳٳñï. 2. a Ù³ñï³Ï³Ý, ß³ñ³ÛÇÝ: ó³ñ. It came as a complete surprise ¸³ Ù»½
combat [΄kɒmbæt] v Ïéí»É, Ù³ñïÝã»É, ѳٳñ ÉñÇí ³Ýëå³ë»ÉÇ ¿ñ. C~ what may
å³Ûù³ñ»É: ÂáÕ ÇÝã áõ½áõÙ ¿ ÉÇÝÇ. (ÉÇÝ»É, ëï³óí»É) It
combatant [΄kɒmbətənt] n Ù³ñïÇÏ, ½ÇÝ- all came to nothing àãÇÝã ãëï³óí»ó, áãÝãáí
íáñ, å³Ûù³ñáÕ: ã³í³ñïí»ó. Nothing came of it ¸ñ³ÝÇó
áãÇÝã ãëï³óí»ó. No good/harm will ~ of it
combative [΄kɒmbətiv] a é³½Ù³ï»Ýã,
¸ñ³ÝÇó áã ÙÇ É³í/í³ï μ³Ý ãÇ ÉÇÝÇ. The
Ïéí³ñ³ñ:
bill came to 5000 drams гßÇíÁ ѳë³í
combination [‚kɒmbi΄nei∫n] n ѳٳÏóáõÙ,
ÙÇÝ㨠5000 ¹ñ³Ù. It all came to the same thing
ÙdzÏóáõÃÛáõÝ. act in ~ with ѳٳ·áñͳÏ-
²Ù»Ý ÇÝã ÝáõÛÝ μ³ÝÇ Ñ³Ý·»óí»ó. ~ to ·³É,
ó»É. word ~ μ³é³Ï³å³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ of cir-
ѳݷ»É. ~ to an agreement /conclusion ѳٳ-
cumstances ѳݷ³Ù³ÝùÝ»ñÇ ÙdzÏóáõÙ. a ~
Ó³ÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý ·³É, »½ñ³Ï³óáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ý·»É.
lock ѳïáõÏ Ï»ñåáí ÷³ÏíáÕ ÏáÕå»ù:
~ into flower ͳÕÏ»É. ~ into one’s head ·ÉËáí/
combinative [΄kɒmbinətiv] a ѳٳÏó³- Ùïùáí ³ÝóÝ»É. ~ cheaper ³í»ÉÇ ¿Å³Ý Ýëï»É.
ϳÝ:
~ true Çñ³Ï³Ý³Ý³É. ~ undone ³ñÓ³Ïí»É.
combine [kəm΄bain] v ÙdzóÝ»É, Ùdzíáñ- (ï³ñμ»ñ ÇÙ³ëïÝ»ñ) a week ~ Tuesday ѳ-
(í)»É, ϳå³Ïó»É. ~ forces áõÅ»ñÁ Ùdzíá-
çáñ¹ ß³μ³Ã »ñ»ùß³μÃÇ. ~ of age ã³÷³-
ñ»É. ~ business and pleasure ѳ׻ÉÇÝ ¨ û·ï³- Ñ³ë ¹³éݳÉ. ~ to know ׳ݳã»É, ÇٳݳÉ.
ϳñÁ ÙdzóÝ»É/ϳå³Ïó»É. The groups ~d ~ into being ͳ·»É, ³é³ç³Ý³É. ~ to nothing
ÊÙμ»ñÁ Ùdzíáñí»óÇÝ: ëݳÝϳݳÉ. ~ to think of it »Ã» Ùï³Í»ë. if
combine [΄kɒmbain] n ÙdzíáñáõÙ. ·Õï. it ~s to that »Ã» ·áñÍÁ ¹ñ³Ý ѳëÝÇ. ~ across
ÏáÙμ³ÛÝ. industrial ~ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳμ»ñ³Ï³Ý å³ï³Ñ³μ³ñ ѳݹÇå»É. ~ along ÙdzëÇÝ
ÙdzíáñáõÙ, ÏáÙμÇݳï: ·³É/ ·Ý³É He came along with his sister ܳ
comb-out [΄kəumaut] n ë³ÝñáõÙ. ÷Ëμ. »Ï³í ùñáç Ñ»ï ÙdzëÇÝ. C~ along! ²ñÇ,
½ïáõÙ (ݳ¨ ùÕù.): ·Ý³Ýù. ~ away åáÏí»É, ³Ýç³ïí»É. The han-
come-and-go 166 command

dle came away ´éݳÏÁ åáÏí»ó. ~ before ݳ- comedy [΄kɒmədi] n ϳï³Ï»ñ·áõÃÛáõÝ,
Ëáñ¹»É. ~ before the court ¹³ï³ñ³ÝÇ ³é³ç ÏáÙ»¹Ç³:
Ý»ñϳ۳ݳÉ. My family ~s before everything comely [΄kΛmli] a ëÇñáõݳï»ë, ¹áõñ»Ï³Ý:
²é³çÇÝ ï»ÕáõÙ ÇÙ ÁÝï³ÝÇùÝ ¿. ~ down comer [΄kΛmə] n »ÏáÕ, »Ïíáñ. first ~ ³é³-
ó÷í»É (³ÝÓñ¨, ÓÛáõÝ), ÇçÝ»É, ÁÝÏÝ»É. ~ çÇÝ »Ï³Í Ù³ñ¹Á. late ~s áõß³ó³ÍÝ»ñÁ. It’s
down a mountain ë³ñÇó ÇçÝ»É. Prices have ~ for all ~s ¸³ μáÉáñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ¿:
down ¶Ý»ñÝ Çç»É »Ý. It came down to this comet [΄kɒmit] n ·Çë³ëïÕ:
гñóÁ Ñ»ï¨Û³ÉÝ ¿. ~ forward ³é³ç ·³É, comfort [΄kΛmfət] n ë÷á÷³Ýù, ÙËÇóñáõ-
³ñÓ³·³Ýù»É. He ~s from Scotland ܳ ÃÛáõÝ. a cold/small ~ í³ï/ÃáõÛÉ ë÷á÷³Ýù. a
ÞáïɳݹdzÛÇó ¿. That word ~s from Arabic great ~ Ù»Í ë÷á÷³Ýù. (ѳñÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ,
²Ûë μ³éÁ ³ñ³μ»ñ»ÝÇó ¿ Í³·áõÙ/ë»ñáõÙ. ~ ѳݷëï³í»ïáõÃÛáõÝ) material ~s ÝÛáõó-
in/into Ý»ñë ÙïÝ»É. å³ßïáÝ ëï³ÝÓÝ»É. He Ï³Ý μ³ñÇùÝ»ñ. enjoy ~s ѳñÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ-
came in first ܳ ³é³çÇÝÁ Ý»ñë Ùï³í. The
Ý»ñÇó û·ïí»É. home ~s Ï»Ýó³Õ³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ñ-
tide is ~ing in سÏÁÝóóáõÃÛáõÝÁ ëÏëíáõÙ ¿.
Ù³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. creature ~ ³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý ·áñ-
Long skirts have ~ in again ºñϳñ ÷»ß»ñÁ
ͳÍáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³Ýñ ³é³ñϳݻñ. He likes his
ÝáñÇó Ùá¹³ »Ý. ~ into effect/office áõÅÇ Ù»ç
~s ܳ ÏáÙýáñï ¿ ëÇñáõÙ:
ÙïÝ»É. å³ßïáÝ ëï³ÝÓÝ»É. ~ off ¹áõñë
·³É, åáÏí»É. The button/wheel came off
comfort [΄kΛmfət] v ë÷á÷»É, ÙËÇóñ»É,
ѳݷëï³óÝ»É:
Îá׳ÏÁ åáÏí»ó. ²ÝÇíÁ ¹áõñë »Ï³í. ~ out
¹áõñë ·³É. »ñ¨³Ý ·³É, ѳÛïݳμ»ñí»É. The
comfortable [΄kΛmf(ə)təbl] a ѳñÙ³ñ, μ³-
ñ»Ñ³ñÙ³ñ, ѳñÙ³ñ³í»ï. a ~ car/hotel
buds are ~ing out ´áÕμáçÝ»ñÁ ¹áõñë »Ý ·³-
ѳñÙ³ñ³í»ï Ù»ù»Ý³. μ³ñ»Ñ³ñÙ³ñ ÑÛáõ-
ÉÇë. The book came out in spring ¶ÇñùÁ ÉáõÛë
ñ³Ýáó. Are you ~? Ò»½ ѳñÙ³±ñ »ù ½·áõÙ.
ï»ë³í ·³ñݳÝÁ. ~ out well in the photo
Make yourself ~ Ò»½ ѳñÙ³ñ ½·³ó»ù. I
ÝϳñáõÙ É³í ¹áõñë ·³É. ~ over ³ÝóÝ»É
never feel ~ with them ºë ÇÝÓ »ñμ»ù ѳñÙ³ñ
(ë³ÑÙ³ÝÁ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ). He came over to our side
ܳ Ù»ñ ÏáÕÙÝ ³Ýó³í. A change came over ã»Ù ½·áõÙ Ýñ³Ýó ï³ÝÁ. a ~ income ½·³ÉÇ
her Üñ³ Ù»ç ÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝ ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»ó³í. »Ï³Ùáõï:
~ round ÑÛáõñ ·³É. áõßùÇ ·³É. C~ round and comforter [΄kΛmfətə] n ÙËÇóñáÕ, ë÷á-
see us ºÏ»ù ÑÛáõñ Ù»½. She came round ܳ ÷áÕ. ËëÏó. μñ¹» ß³ñý/ϳßÝ»:
áõßùÇ »Ï³í. ~ up Ùáï»Ý³É, μ³ñÓñ³Ý³É, comfortless [΄kΛmfətləs] a ³ÝѳñÙ³ñ, ³Ý-
³×»É. He came up to us ܳ Ùáï»ó³í Ù»½. Ññ³åáõÛñ. ³ÝÙËÇóñ, ³Ýë÷á÷. ïËáõñ:
The water came up to my knee æáõñÁ ÙÇÝ㨠comic [΄kɒmik] 1. n ϳï³Ï»ñ·³Ï, ÏáÙÇÏ
ÍÝÏÝ»ñë ¿ñ μ³ñÓñ³ó»É. ~ up with the right (¹»ñ³ë³Ý). ÏÇÝáÏáÙ»¹Ç³. the ~s å³ï-
answer ×Çßï å³ï³ë˳ÝÁ ·ïÝ»É. The case Ï»ñ³½³ñ¹ ÏáÙÇÏ³Ï³Ý ·ñùáõÛÏÝ»ñ. Ïá-
is ~ing up tomorrow Çñ³í. ¶áñÍÁ í³ÕÝ ¿ ÙÇùë. 2. a ½³í»ßï³Ï³Ý, ÏáÙÇϳϳÝ:
Éëí»Éáõ. ~ within Ý»ñ³éÝí»É, Ù»çÁ ÙïÝ»É. comical [΄kɒmikl] a ½³í»ßï³Ï³Ý, ÍÇͳ-
That doesn’t ~ within my competence ¸³ ãÇ Õ»ÉÇ, ½í³ñ׳ÉÇ, ÏáÙÇϳϳÝ. ~ opera ÏáÙÇ-
ÙïÝáõÙ ÇÙ Çñ³í³ëáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç: Ï³Ï³Ý ûå»ñ³. a ~ situation ½í³ñ׳ÉÇ
come-and-go [‚kΛmən΄gəu] 1. n Ñ»ï áõ Çñ³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
³é³ç ß³ñÅí»ÉÁ. 2. a å³ï³Ñ³Ï³Ý ~ peo- coming [΄kΛmiŋ] 1.n ųٳÝáõÙ, ·³Éáõëï.
ple å³ï³Ñ³Ï³Ý Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ: 2. a ·³ÉÇù, »ÏáÕ, ³å³·³:
come-at-able [‚kΛm΄ætəbl] a Ù³ïã»ÉÇ: coming-in [‚kΛmiŋ΄in] n Ý»ñÙáõÍáõÙ (³å-
comeback [΄kΛmbæk] n í»ñ³¹³ñÓ. make ñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ):
an unexpected ~ ³Ýëå³ë»ÉÇáñ»Ý í»ñ³¹³é- coming-out [‚kΛmiŋ΄aut] n ³ñï³Ñ³ÝáõÙ
ݳÉ. make a witty ~ ëñ³Ùïáñ»Ý/¹ÇåáõÏ (³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ):
å³ï³ë˳ݻÉ: comity [΄kɒməti] n ù³Õ³ù³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
comedian [kə΄mi:diən] n ÏáÙÇÏ/ϳï³Ï»ñ- comma [΄kɒmə] n ëïáñ³Ï»ï. inverted ~s
·áõ ¹»ñ³ë³Ý: ã³Ï»ñïÝ»ñ:
come-down [΄kΛmdaun] n ³ÝÏáõÙ. a great command [kə΄ma:nd] n Ññ³Ù³Ý, Ññ³Ù³-
~ Ù»Í/Ý߳ݳϳÉÇó ³ÝÏáõÙ: ݳï³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. at his ~ Ýñ³ Ññ³Ù³Ýáí. at
command 167 commission

the word of ~ Ññ³Ù³Ýáí. (ïÇñ³å»ïáõ- óÇÝ. The plan doesn’t ~ itself to me ²Ûë Íñ³-
ÃÛáõÝ) ~ of the seas ïÇñ³å»ïáõÃÛáõÝ Íáí»- ·ÇñÁ ÇÝÓ ¹áõñ ãÇ ·³ÉÇë:
ñáõÙ. high ~ μ³ñÓñ³·áõÛÝ Ññ³Ù³Ý³ï³- commendable [kə΄mendəbl] a ·áí»ÉÇ, ·á-
ñáõÃÛáõÝ. be in ~ of Ññ³Ù³Ý³ï³ñ ÉÇÝ»É. í³ë³ÝùÇ ³ñųÝÇ:
take ~ of Ññ³Ù³Ý³ï³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÁݹáõÝ»É. commendation [‚kɒmen΄dei∫n] n ·áí³-
I’m at your ~ ºë Ó»ñ ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï ë³Ýù:
»Ù. all the money at my ~ ÇÙ ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý commensurable [kə΄men∫ərəbl] a ѳٳ-
ï³Ï »Õ³Í ÷áÕ»ñÁ. be in ~ of the situation ã³÷³Ï³Ý, ѳٳã³÷»ÉÇ:
¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý/Çñ³íÇ׳ÏÇ ï»ñÁ ÉÇÝ»É have a commensurate [kə΄men∫ərət] a ã³÷³ÏÇó,
good ~ of French/a language ɳí ïÇñ³å»ï»É ѳٳã³÷, ѳٳå³ï³ë˳Ý:
ýñ³Ýë»ñ»ÝÇÝ/áñ¨¿ É»½íÇ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ button comment [΄kɒment] n Ù»Ïݳμ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ,
Ññ³Ñ³Ý·³ÛÇÝ Ïá׳Ï. ~ character ջϳí³- Éáõë³μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. Any ~s? àñ¨¿ ¹ÇïáÕáõ-
ñáÕ ëÇÙíáÉ. ~ database Ññ³Ñ³Ý·³ÛÇÝ ÃÛá±õÝ, ѳí»Éá±õÙ. No ~s! Ø»Ïݳμ³Ýáõ-
ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ μ³½³. ~ interpreter Ññ³Ñ³Ý·Ý»- ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÝ ³í»Éáñ¹ »Ý. No further ~s ²Û¹
ñÇ Ù»ÏÝÇã. ~ line Ññ³Ñ³Ý·³ÛÇÝ ïáÕ. ~ shell ѳñóÇÝ å³ï³ëË³Ý ãϳ:
Ññ³Ñ³Ý·³ÛÇÝ åñáó»ëáñ: comment [΄kɒment] v Ù»Ïݳμ³Ý»É, Éáõë³-
command [kə΄ma:nd] v Ññ³Ù³Ý ï³É, Ññ³- μ³Ý»É. for ~ Ç Ù»Ïݳμ³ÝáõÙÝ. ~ on the
Ù³Û»É. He ~ed his man to attack ܳ Ññ³Ù³Û»ó text/international situation Ù»Ïݳμ³Ý»É ï»ùë-
½ÇÝíáñÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³ñÓ³Ïí»É. ~ a ship ݳíÇ ïÁ/ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ. ~ unfavourably
Ññ³Ù³Ý³ï³ñ ÉÇÝ»É. ~ respect/sympathy μ³ó³ë³μ³ñ ³ñï³Ñ³Ûïí»É£
ѳñ·³Ýù Ý»ñßÝã»É. ϳñ»Ïó³Ýù ³é³- commentary [΄kɒməntəri] n Ù»Ïݳμ³-
ç³óÝ»É: ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, Éáõë³μ³ÝáõÙ. ͳÝáó·ñáõÃÛáõÝ.
commandant [΄kɒməndænt] n å³ñ»ï. running ~ é³¹Çá é»åáñï³Å:
é³½Ù³Ï³Ý áõëáõÙÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ëï³ïáõ- commentator [΄kɒmənteitə] n Ù»Ïݳμ³Ý:
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ å»ï: commerce [΄kɒmə:s] n ³é¨ïáõñ. Chamber
commandeer [‚kɒmən΄diə] v μéݳ·ñ³í»É. of Commerce ²é¨ïñÇ å³É³ï:
ËëÏó. Ûáõñ³óÝ»É: commercial [kə΄mə:∫l] n ³é¨ïñ³Ï³Ý. ~
commander [kə΄ma:ndə] n Ññ³Ù³Ý³ï³ñ. traveller ßñçÇÏ ³é¨ïñ³Ï³Ý. ·áñͳϳÉ.
Íáí. »ñÏñáñ¹ ϳñ·Ç ϳåÇï³Ý: (·áí³½¹) TV ~ Ñ»éáõëï³·áí³½¹:
Commander-in-Chief [kə‚ma:ndər in commiserate [kə΄mizəreit] v ó³í³Ïó»É. I
΄t∫i:f] n ·»ñ³·áõÛÝ/·É˳íáñ Ññ³Ù³Ý³- ~d with him on his misfortune ºë Ýñ³Ý ó³-
ï³ñ. Íáí. ݳí³ïáñÙÇ Ññ³Ù³Ý³ï³ñ: í³Ïó»óÇ Çñ ¹Åμ³ËïáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³å³Ïóáõ-
command-in-chief [kə‚ma:ndin΄t∫i:f] n ÃÛ³Ùμ:
·É˳íáñ Ññ³Ù³Ý³ï³ñáõÃÛáõÝ: commiseration [kə‚mizə΄rei∫n] n ó³í³Ï-
commanding [kə΄ma:ndiŋ] a ÇßËáÕ, ·»ñ³- óáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÏßéáÕ: commission [kə΄mi∫n] n Édz½áñáõÃÛáõÝ,
commandment [kə΄ma:ndmənt] n å³ï- Çñ³í³ëáõÃÛáõÝ. ÏáÙÇï», ѳÝÓݳÅáÕáí.
íÇñ³Ý, å³ï·³Ù. Ññ³Ù³Ý: interim ~ ųٳݳϳíáñ ÏáÙÇï»/ѳÝÓݳ-
commemorate [kə΄meməreit] v ï³ñ»¹³ñÓ ÅáÕáí. standing ~ Ùßï³Ï³Ý ѳÝÓݳÅáÕáí.
Ýß»É, ÑÇß»óÝ»É: European ~ »íñáå³Ï³Ý ѳÝÓݳÅáÕáí. C~
commemoration [kə‚memə΄rei∫n] n ÝßáõÙ, for Human Rights سñ¹áõ Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇ
ÑÇß³ï³ÏáõÙ. ï³ñ»¹³ñÓÇ ÝßáõÙ. in ~ of Ç Ñ³ÝÓݳÅáÕáí. (ѳÝÓݳñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ³é³-
ÑÇß³ï³Ï: ç³¹ñ³Ýù) get a ~ to paint a portrait ¹ÇÙ³-
commence [kə΄mens] v ëÏë(í)»É: ÝϳñÇ å³ïí»ñ ëï³Ý³É. come/put into ~
commencement [kə΄mensmənt] n ëÏǽμ. Íáí. ߳ѳ·áñÍÙ³Ý Ñ³ÝÓÝ(í)»É (ݳíÁ). in
(²ØÜ-Ç Ñ³Ù³Éë³ñ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ) ¹ÇåÉáÙÝ»ñÇ ~ Ù»ÏÝ»Éáõ å³ïñ³ëï. out of ~ ß³ñùÇó
ѳÝÓÝÙ³Ý ¨ ·Çï³Ï³Ý ³ëïÇ׳ÝÝ»ñÇ ¹áõñë »Ï³Í, ³Ýå»ïù. He was ~ed to head
ßÝáñÑÙ³Ý ûñ: the delegation Üñ³Ý ѳÝÓݳñ³ñí»É ¿ñ
commend [kə΄mend] v ·áí»É. His work was ·É˳íáñ»É å³ïíÇñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ. ~ of a
highly ~ed Üñ³ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ ß³ï ·áí»- crime Çñ³í. ѳÝó³·áñÍáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³ï³ñáõÙ:
commission 168 communication

commission [kə΄mi∫n] v Édz½áñ»É. ѳÝÓ- Ýáõñ É»½áõ ·ïÝ»É. the ~ good ÁݹѳÝáõñ μ³-
ݳñ³ñ»É. å³ßïáÝÇ Ý߳ݳϻÉ: ñûñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ noun ù»ñ. ѳë³ñ³Ï ·á۳ϳÝ.
commissionaire [kə‚mi∫ə΄neə] n ѳÝÓ- (ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý, ɳÛݳï³ñ³Í) a ~ error ѳ-
ݳϳï³ñ. ßí»Ûó³ñ. ~ for oaths Ýáï³ñ: ë³ñ³Ï/ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý ë˳É. in ~ use ß³ï û·-
commissioner [kə΄mi∫nə] n Édz½áñ. å³é- ï³·áñÍ»ÉÇ. It is ~ knowledge гÝñ³Ñ³Ûï ¿.
ɳٻÝïÇ Ñ³ÝÓݳÅáÕáíÇ ³Ý¹³Ù: (ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý, ѳë³ñ³Ï) the ~ people
commit [kə΄mit] v ϳï³ñ»É. ~ an offence/a ѳë³ñ³Ï Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ. quite ~ weather μ³í³Ï³Ý
crime/a murder/error ½³Ýó³Ýù/á×Çñ/ ëå³Ýáõ- ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý »Õ³Ý³Ï. ~ practice ëáíáñ³μ³ñ
ÃÛáõÝ/ëË³É Ï³ï³ñ»É. ~ a suicide ÇÝùݳ- ÁݹáõÝí³Í. ~ sense ³éáÕç ¹³ïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ~
ëå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ·áñÍ»É. (ѳÝÓݳñ³ñ»É) ~ multiple Ù³Ã. ÁݹѳÝáõñ μ³½Ù³å³ïÏÇã.
commit the child to the care of »ñ»Ë³ÛÇÝ... ÑÙÏñ·. ~ link ÁݹѳÝáõñ ϳݳÉ. ~ software
ËݳÙùÇÝ Ñ³ÝÓݳñ³ñ»É. (Ó»ñμ³Ï³É»É) ~ to ëï³Ý¹³ñï Íñ³·ñ³ÛÇÝ ³å³ÑáíáõÙ:
prison ϳɳݳíáñ»É. ~ to mental hospital Ñá-
commoner [΄kɒmənə] n ѳë³ñ³Ï Ù³ñ¹.
гٳÛÝùÝ»ñÇ å³É³ïÇ ³Ý¹³Ù
·»μáõųñ³Ý ï»Õ³íáñ»É. ~ smth to memory/
paper/writing ÷Ëμ. ÑÇß»É, ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç
commonly [΄kɒmənli] adv ëáíáñ³μ³ñ,
áñå»ë ϳÝáÝ. ¿Å³Ý/í³ï Ó¨áí:
å³Ñ»É. ÃÕÃÇÝ Ñ³ÝÓÝ»É, ·ñÇ ³éÝ»É. (å³ñ-
ï³íáñí»É) I’m ~ted to helping them ä³ñ-
commonplace [΄kɒmənpleis] n ëáíáñ³-
ϳÝ, ï³÷³Ï. ß³μÉáÝ, Í»Íí³Í:
ï³íáñí»É »Ù Ýñ³Ýó û·Ý»É. without ~ ting
myself ³é³Ýó áñ¨¿ å³ñï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ:
common-room [΄kɒmənru:m] n ¹³ë³-
Ëáë³Ï³Ý (úùëýáñ¹Ç ѳٳÉë³ñ³ÝáõÙ):
commitment [kə΄mitmənt] n å³ñï³íá- commons [΄kɒməns] n pl ÅáÕáíñ¹³Ï³Ý
ñáõÃÛáõÝ. financial ~s ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý å³ñ-
ó³Íñ ˳í»ñ. the Commons »ññáñ¹ ¹³ë.
ï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. ~ requests å³ñï³íá-
House of Commons гٳÛÝùÝ»ñÇ å³É³ï:
ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ëï³ÝÓÝ»Éáõ å³Ñ³Ýç. ~ agree-
commonwealth [΄kɒmənwelθ] n ѳٳ-
ment ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
·áñͳÏóáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳٳïÇñáõÃÛáõÝ, ý»¹»-
committal [kə΄mitl] n å³ñï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. ñ³ódz. ~ of Independent States (CIS) ²ÝϳË
Ó»ñμ³Ï³ÉáõÙ. ³×ÛáõÝÁ ÑáÕÇÝ Ñ³ÝÓÝ»ÉÁ: å»ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³·áñͳÏóáõÃÛáõÝ,
committee I [kə΄miti] n ÏáÙÇï». ѳÝÓݳ- ²äÐ:
ÅáÕáí. executive ~ ·áñͳ¹Çñ ÏáÙÇï». stand- commotion [kə΄məu∫n] n ËéáíáõÃÛáõÝ,
ing ~ Ùßï³Ï³Ý ÏáÙÇï». appoint a ~ ѳÝÓ- íñ¹áíÙáõÝù. ËÉñïáõÙ. civil ~ ³Ýϳñ·áõ-
ݳÅáÕáí Ý߳ݳϻÉ. credentials ~ ٳݹ³- ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ:
ï³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ÝÓݳÅáÕáí. joint ~ ÙdzóÛ³É communal [΄kɒmjunl] a ÁݹѳÝáõñ, ѳë³-
ѳÝÓݳÅáÕáí. get into ~ ѳñóÁ ѳÝÓݳ- ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý. ÏáÙáõݳÉ:
ÅáÕáíÇ ùÝݳñÏÙ³Ý Ñ³ÝÓÝ»É. check up ~ commune [΄kɒmju:n] n ѳٳÛÝù. ÏáÙáõݳ.
í»ñëïáõ·Çã ѳÝÓݳÅáÕáí: commune [kə΄mju:n] v ½ñáõó»É, ß÷Ù³Ý Ù»ç
committee II [kə΄miti] n Çñ³í. (Ñá·»Ï³Ý ÉÇÝ»É:
ÑÇí³Ý¹Ç) ËݳٳϳÉ: communicable [kə΄mju:nikəbl] a ѳÕáñ-
commixture [kə΄mikst∫ə] n Ùdz˳éÝáõÙ, ¹³ÏóíáÕ. ï³ñ³÷áËÇÏ (ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝ):
˳éÝáõñ¹: communicate [kə΄mju:nikeit] v ѳÕáñ¹»É,
commodious [kə΄məudiəs] a ɳÛÝ, Áݹ³ñ- ѳÛïÝ»É. ~ news/opinion Éáõñ/ϳñÍÇù ѳÛï-
Ó³Ï, ï³ñáÕáõݳÏ: Ý»É. ~ heat ç»ñÙáõÃÛáõÝ Ñ³Õáñ¹»É. ~ a disease
commodity [kə΄mɒdəti] n, a ³åñ³Ýù. ɳÛÝ ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛ³Ùμ í³ñ³Ï»É. (ϳåí»É) ~ by
ëå³éÙ³Ý ³åñ³Ýù. ³åñ³Ýù³ÛÇÝ: telephone Ñ»é³Ëáëáí ϳåí»É. communicat-
common [΄kɒmən]1. n ѳٳÛÝ³Ï³Ý ÑáÕ. ing rooms ÏÇó ë»ÝÛ³ÏÝ»ñ.
³Ù³ÛÇ ï»Õ. ѳٳÛÝ³Ï³Ý ³ñáï³í³Ûñ. 2. communication [kə‚mju:ni΄kei∫n] n ѳ-
a ÁݹѳÝáõñ in ~ ÁݹѳÝáõñ, Ùdzï»Õ. have Õáñ¹áõÙ. ѳÕáñ¹³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ, ϳå. means
nothing in ~ áã ÙÇ ÁݹѳÝáõñ μ³Ý ãáõݻݳÉ. of ~ ϳåÇ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ. receive a ~ ѳÕáñ¹áõÙ
out of the ~ ³ñï³ëáíáñ. a ~ bathroom Áݹ- ëï³Ý³É. wireless ~s é³¹Çá ϳå. mass ~
ѳÝáõñ ÉáÕ³ñ³Ý. by ~ consent ÁݹѳÝáõñ ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛ³Ý ½³Ý·í³Í³ÛÇÝ ÙÇçáó-
ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ. find ~ language Áݹѳ- Ý»ñ. through ~ Ý»ñùÇÝ Ï³å. two-way ~ »ñÏ-
communicative 169 compass

ÏáÕ٠ϳå. be in ~ with smn Ù»ÏÇ Ñ»ï ϳå ëñï³μ³ó, Ù³ñ¹³Ùáï. ÁÝÏ»ñ³Ï³Ý:
å³Ñå³Ý»É. What are ~s like here? гÕáñ- companionship [kəm΄pænjən∫ip] n ÁÝÏ»-
¹³ÏóÙ³Ý Ç±Ýã ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ Ï³Ý ³Ûëï»Õ. ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ÁÝÏ»ñ³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ of many
ÑÙÏñ·. ~ channel ϳåÇ/ÇÝýáñÙ³óÇáÝ Ï³- years, standing ~ »ñϳñ³ÙÛ³ ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ.
ݳÉ. ~ data system ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ ÷á˳ÝóÙ³Ý enjoy one’s ~ ѳ׻ÉÇ ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ:
ѳٳϳñ·. ~ session ϳåÇ ë»³Ýë: company [΄kΛmpəni] n ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ,
communicative [kə΄mju:nikətiv] a ß÷íáÕ, ÙÇáõÃÛáõÝ. in ~ with ÙdzëÇÝ. form/found a ~
½ñáõó³ë»ñ, Ù³ñ¹³Ùáï. be ~ Ù³ñ¹³Ùáï ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ ëï»ÕÍ»É/ÑÇÙÝ»É. keep ~ with
/ß÷íáÕ ÉÇÝ»É He is not ~ on the subject ܳ ãÇ ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É, ÁÝÏ»ñ³Ïó»É. keep bad ~
áõ½áõÙ ³Û¹ Ù³ëÇÝ Ëáë»É: í³ï ßñç³å³ïÇ Ù»ç ÁÝÏÝ»É. for ~ ѳÝáõÝ
communion [kə΄mju:niən] n ÁݹѳÝ- ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý. bear/keep ~ áõÕ»Ïó»É, ѳÙÁÝ-
ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ϳå. ÏñáÝ. ѳÕáñ¹áõÃÛáõÝ. take ~ Ï»ñ³Ý³É. (ÑÛáõñ»ñ) We’re expecting ~ Ø»Ýù
ѳÕáñ¹í»É, ѳÕáñ¹áõÃÛáõÝ ëï³Ý³É: ÑÛáõñ»ñ »Ýù ëå³ëáõÙ. The ~ broke up ÐÛáõ-
communique [kə΄mju:nikei] n å³ßïáݳ- ñ»ñÁ ·Ý³óÇÝ. He’s good ~ ܳ ɳí ÁÝÏ»ñ³-
Ï³Ý Ñ³Õáñ¹³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ. joint ~ ѳٳï»Õ ÏÇó ¿. be good ~ É³í ½ñáõó³ÏÇó ÉÇÝ»É. ~ of
ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ: actors óï»ñ³ËáõÙμ. travelling ~ ßñçÇÏ Ã³-
community [kə΄mju:nəti] n ѳٳÛÝù. ÙÇáõ- ï»ñ³ËáõÙμ. the ship’s ~ ݳí³Ï³½Ù. We part
ÃÛáõÝ. ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. the local ~ ï»ÕÇ μݳ- ~ here ²Ûëï»Õ Ù»Ýù μ³Å³ÝíáõÙ »Ýù. Pres-
ÏÇãÝ»ñÁ. ï»Õ³μݳÏÝ»ñÁ. the ~ ѳë³ñ³- ent ~ excepted ÊáëùÁ Ý»ñϳݻñÇÝ ãÇ í»ñ³-
ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. the Italian ~ in America Çï³É³Ï³Ý μ»ñáõÙ. insurance ~ ³å³Ñáí³·ñ³Ï³Ý ÁÝ-
ѳٳÛÝùÁ ²Ù»ñÇϳÛáõÙ. business ~ ·áñͳ- Ï»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. parent ~ Ù³Ûñ/ÑÇÙݳ¹Çñ
ñ³ñ ÁÝÏ»ñ³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ. the ~ of interests ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. affiliated ~ ¹áõëïñ Ó»éݳñ-
߳ѻñÇ ÁݹѳÝñáõÃÛáõÝ. for the good of the ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. oil ~ ݳíóÛÇÝ ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~
~ ѳٳÛÝùÇ μ³ñûñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ:
car ͳé³ÛáÕ³Ï³Ý Ù»ù»Ý³:
commutation [‚kɒmju΄tei∫n] n ÷á˳ñÇ- comparable [΄kɒmpərəbl] a ѳٻٳï»ÉÇ:
ÝáõÙ. Çñ³í. Ù»ÕÙ³óáõÙ (å³ïÅÇ):
comparative [kəm΄pærətiv] n ѳٻٳï³-
commute [kə΄mju:t] v ÷á˳ñÇÝ»É, ÷á˳- ϳÝ, ѳñ³μ»ñ³Ï³Ý (ݳ¨ª ù»ñ.). live in ~
ݳϻÉ. ~ a death sentence to life imprisonment
comfort ѳٻٳï³μ³ñ ³í»ÉÇ Ñ³ñÙ³ñ³-
ٳѳå³ïÇÅÁ ÷á˳ñÇÝ»É óÙ³Ñ μ³Ý-
í»ï ³åñ»É:
ï³ñÏáõÃÛ³Ùμ. (Ùßï³Ï³Ý »ñè»Ï»É) ~ to
London everyday ³Ù»Ý ûñ ÈáݹáÝ ·Ý³É
compare [kəm΄peə] n ѳٻٳïáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳ-
ٻٳïáõÙ. beyond/past ~ ѳٻٳïáõÃÛáõ-
(³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ):
ÝÇó ¹áõñë/í»ñ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ instruction ѳٻ-
commuter [kə΄mju:tə] n Ùßï³Ï³Ý »ñè»-
Ù³ïÙ³Ý Ññ³Ñ³Ý·:
ÏáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³ï³ñáÕ. 뻽áݳÛÇÝ ïáÙë
áõÝ»óáÕ áõÕ¨áñ:
compare [kəm΄peə] v ѳٻٳï»É. as ~d witÑ
compact I [΄kɒmpæct] n ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳٻٳï³Í. ~ notes ËëÏó. ïå³íáñáõ-
å³Ûٳݳ·Çñ. make a ~ ѳٳӳÛÝí»É, ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ÷á˳ݳϻÉ. ~ favourably ¹ñ³Ï³-
ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ ÏÝù»É. Ýáñ»Ý ï³ñμ»ñí»É. How do they ~ for speed?
compact II [΄kɒmpæct] n Ù³ÙÉ³Í ¹ÇÙ³- ²ñ³·áõÃÛ³Ý Ç±Ýã ï³ñμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³:
÷áßÇ. ¹ÇÙ³÷áß³Ù³Ý: comparison [kəm΄pærisən] n ѳٻٳïáõ-
compact [kəm΄pæct] a ë»ÕÙ, Ïáõé, ÏáÙ- ÃÛáõÝ. make/draw a ~ between ѳٻٳïáõ-
å³Ïï. a ~ style ë»ÕÙ á×. a little ~ flat/car ÃÛáõÝ ³ÝóϳóÝ»É. by/in ~ with ѳٻٳïáõ-
÷áùñÇÏ Ñ³ñÙ³ñ³í»ï μݳϳñ³Ý/Ù»ù»- ÃÛ³Ùμ. There is no ~ Üñ³Ýó ãÇ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ Ñ³Ù»-
ݳ. ~ disk ÏáÙå³Ïï ¹ÇëÏ/ëϳí³é³Ï: Ù³ï»É. bear/stand ~ ѳٻٳïáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ¹Ç-
companion [kəm΄pænjən] n ÁÝÏ»ñ, ÁÝÏ»- ٳݳÉ:
ñ³ÏÇó. travelling ~ áõÕ»ÏÇó. an amusing ~ compartment [kəm΄pa:tmənt] n μ³Å³Ý-
½í³ñ׳ÉÇ/ѳ׻ÉÇ ½ñáõó³ÏÇó/áõÕ»ÏÇó. ~ - ÙáõÝù. »ñÏÃ. Ëáõó, Ïáõå». watertight ~ ݳí.
in-arms ½ÇݳÏÇó. (ï»Õ»Ï³·Çñù) gardener’s ³Ýçñ³ÝóÇÏ Ù»Ïáõë³Ëáõó:
~ ³Û·»·áñÍÇ Ó»éݳñÏ: compass [΄kΛmpəs] n ÏáÕÙݳóáõÛó. the
companionable [kəm΄pænjənəbl] a ß÷íáÕ, points of ~ ÏáÕÙݳóáõÛóÇ ÏáÕÙ»ñÁ. a pair of
compassion 170 complement

~es ϳñÏÇÝ. (¹Ç³å³½áÝ) beyond one’s ~ ÕÇݳϳíáñ ËÙμ³·Çñ:


ѳëϳóáÕáõÃÛáõÝÇó í»ñ ÉÇÝ»É: competition [‚kɒmpə΄ti∫n] n Ùñó³Ïóáõ-
compassion [kəm΄pæ∫n] n ϳñ»ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ, ÃÛáõÝ. free/open/tough ~ ³½³ï/μ³ó/ËÇëï
ϳñ»Ïó³Ýù. ó³í³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ: Ùñó³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ. (ÙñóáõÙ) boxing/swimming/
compassionate [kəm΄pæ∫nət] a ϳñ»ÏóáÕ, skiing ~ Ùñ½. μéÝóù³Ù³ñïÇ/ÉáÕÇ/¹³Ñáõϳ-
ó³í³ÏóáÕ. ~ leave ³ñÓ³Ïáõñ¹ ÁÝï³Ý»- í³½ùÇ ÙñóáõÙ. ÙñóáõÛÃ. a piano/beauty/violin
Ï³Ý Ñ³Ý·³Ù³ÝùÝ»ñáí: ~ ¹³ßݳÙáõñÇ/·»Õ»óÏáõÃÛ³Ý/çáõóÏÇ
compatibility [kəm‚pætə΄biləti] n ѳٳï»- ÙñóáõÛÃ. arrange a ~ ÙñóáõÛà ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñå»É.
Õ»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ: win a ~ ÙñóáõÛÃÁ ߳ѻÉ. win in a ~ ÙñóáõÛ-
compatible [kəm΄pætəbl] a ѳٳï»Õ»ÉÇ. Ãáõ٠ѳÕûÉ. entry by ~ ÁݹáõÝ»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ
be not ~ ѳٳï»Õ»ÉÇ ãÉÇÝ»É, Ûáɳ ã·Ý³É. ÙñóáõÛÃáí. restraint on ~ Ùñó³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý
ÑÙÏñ·. ~ family ѳٳï»Õ»ÉÇ ÏáÙåÛáõï»ñ- ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáõÙ:
Ý»ñÇ ÁÝï³ÝÇù£ competitive [kəm΄petətiv] a Ùñó³Ïó³ÛÇÝ,
compatriot [kəm΄pætriət] n ѳÛñ»Ý³ÏÇó, ÙñóáõÛÃÇ, ÙñóáõóÛÇÝ. ~ spirit/examination/
ѳٻñÏñ³óÇ: prices Ùñó³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý á·Ç. ÙñóáõóÛÇÝ
compel [kəm΄pel] v ëïÇå»É, ѳñϳ¹ñ»É. ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. Ùñó³Ïó³ÛÇÝ ·Ý»ñ. be ~
»ÝóñÏ»É. feel ~led ëïÇåí³Í ÉÇÝ»É: Ùñó³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý á·Ç áõݻݳÉ:
compelling [kəm΄peliŋ] a ³ÝѳÕóѳ- competitor [kəm΄petitə] n Ùñó³ÏÇó:
ñ»ÉÇ. ÑÙ³ÛÇã, ·»ñáÕ, ѳÙá½Çã. a ~ argument compilation [‚kɒmpi΄lei∫n] n μ³Ý³ù³ÕáõÙ,
ѳÙá½Çã ÷³ëï³ñÏ: ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ Ñ³í³ùáõÙ:
compendious [kəm΄pendiəs] a Ïñ׳ï, compile [kəm΄pail] v ѳí³ù»É, Ïáõï³Ï»É.
ѳٳéáï. ѳٳéáïí³Í: ~ facts/data ÷³ëï»ñ/ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ Ïáõï³Ï»É.
compendium [kəm΄pendiəm] n ѳٳéá- (ϳ½Ù»É) ~ a dictionary μ³é³ñ³Ý ϳ½Ù»É:
ï³·Çñ, ÏáÝëå»Ïï. ѳٳéáï Ó»éݳñÏ: complacence [kəm΄pleisns] ÇÝùݳ·áÑáõ-
compensate [΄kɒmpənseit] v ÷áËѳ- ÃÛáõÝ£
ïáõó»É, í³ñÓ³ïñ»É. ~ for ѳïáõó»É. ~ for complacency [kəm΄pleisnsi] n ÇÝùݳμ³-
a loss ÏáñáõëïÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ÷áËѳïáõó»É: í³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ£
compensation [‚kɒmpən΄sei∫n] n ѳïáõ- complacent [kəm΄pleisnt] a ÇÝùݳ·áÑ,
óáõÙ. claim ~ ѳïáõóáõÙ å³Ñ³Ýç»É. receive ÇÝùݳμ³í³Ï³Ý. look ~ ÇÝùݳ·áÑ ï»ëù
5000dr. ~ 5000 ¹ñ³Ù ѳïáõóáõÙ ëï³Ý³É. áõݻݳÉ. be too ~ ã³÷Çó ³í»ÉÇ ÇÝùݳ·áÑ
in ~ áñå»ë ÷áËѳïáõóáõÙ. full/partial ~ ÉÇÝ»É:
ÉñÇí/Ù³ëݳÏÇ ÷áËѳïáõóáõÙ. lump sum ~ complain [kəm΄plein] v ·³Ý·³ïí»É,
ÙdzÝí³· ÷áËѳïáõóáõÙ: ¹Å·áÑ»É, μáÕáù»É. ~ of a headache/about the
compere [΄kɒmpeə] n ѳٻñ·³í³ñ noise ·³Ý·³ïí»É ·É˳ó³íÇó/³ÕÙáõÏÇó.
(ÏáÝý»ñ³ÝëÛ»): habitual ~ing Ï»Ýó³Õ³ÛÇÝ μáÕáù. What do
compete [kəm΄pi:t] v Ùñó»É, Ùñó³Ïó»É. ~ in you ~ of? ÆÝãDZó »ù μáÕáùáõÙ:
a race í³½ùáõÙ Ùñó»É. ~ in a steeplechase complaint [kəm΄pleint] n ·³Ý·³ï, ¹Å·á-
Ódzñß³íÇÝ Ù³ëݳÏó»É. ~ for a job ³ß- ÑáõÃÛáõÝ, μáÕáù. have no cause for ~ ¹Å·áÑ»-
˳ï³ï»ÕÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ÙñóáõÛÃÇ Ù³ëݳÏó»É: Éáõ å³ï׳é ãáõݻݳÉ. be full of ~s ³ÝÁݹ-
competence [΄kɒmpitəns] n áõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ, Ñ³ï ¹Å·áÑ»É. lodge/lay a ~ against μáÕáù
ϳñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. Çñ³½»ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ in adminis- Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É. He suffers from a heart ~ ܳ
tration ·áñÍ»ñÁ í³ñ»Éáõ ϳñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ï³é³åáõÙ ¿ ëñïÇ ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛ³Ùμ:
within the ~ Çñ³½»ÏáõÃÛ³Ý ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ. complaisance [kəm΄pleizns] n å³ïñ³ë-
not within the ~ Çñ³½»ÏáõÃÛ³Ý ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»- ï³Ï³ÙáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳ×á۳ϳÙáõÃÛáõÝ:
ñÇó ¹áõñë. ~ level áñ³Ï³íáñÙ³Ý Ù³Ï³ñ- complaisant [kəm΄pleiznt] a ѳ×á۳ϳÙ,
¹³Ï: å³ïñ³ëï³Ï³Ù:
competent [΄kɒmpitənt] a ·Çï³Ï, Çñ³½»Ï. complement [΄kɒmplimənt] n Éñ³óáõÙ
Ñ»ÕÇݳϳíáñ, áñ³ÏÛ³É. Çñ³í. Çñ³í³ëáõ, (ݳ¨` ù»ñ). (Éñ³Ï³½Ù) with a full ~ ÉñÇí
Çñ³í³½áñ. a ~ authority ·Çï³Ï Ñ»ÕÇݳ- ϳ½Ùáí. a ~ of 30 men 30 Ù³ñ¹áõó μ³Õ-
ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. Ù³ëݳ·»ï. a ~ editor ·Çï³Ï/Ñ»- ϳó³Í ϳ½Ù:
complementary 171 compose

complementary [‚kɒmpli΄mentəri] a, n compliant [kəm΄plaiənt] a ѳ×á۳ϳï³ñ,


Éñ³óáõóÇã, ³í»É³¹Çñ. Éñ³óáõÙ, ÷áË- ½ÇçáÕ:
Éñ³óáõÙ: complicacy [΄kɒmplikəsi] n μ³ñ¹áõÃÛáõÝ,
complete [kəm΄pli:t] a ÉñÇí, ³ÙμáÕç³Ï³Ý. μ³ñ¹³óáõÙ:
ϳï³ñÛ³É. a ~ edition of ·áñÍ»ñÇ ÉñÇí Åá- complicate [΄kɒmplikeit] v μ³ñ¹³óÝ»É,
Õáí³Íáõ. ~ happiness ϳï³ñÛ³É »ñç³ÝÏáõ- ¹Åí³ñ³óÝ»É. ~ matters further ·áñÍ»ñÝ
ÃÛáõÝ. each ~ month Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ ³í³ñï- ³í»ÉÇ μ³ñ¹³óÝ»É. Don’t ~ life for me
í³Í ³ÙÇë. a ~ stranger ÉñÇí ³ÝͳÝáÃ. a ~ ÎÛ³Ýùë ÙÇ μ³ñ¹³óÝÇ:
surprise ϳï³ñÛ³É ³Ý³ÏÝϳÉ. a ~ fool complicated [΄kɒmplikeitid] a μ³ñ¹,
ËëÏó. ϳï³ñÛ³É ÑÇÙ³ñ. a ~ flop ÉñÇí Ë××í³Í. ~ question/situation μ³ñ¹ ѳñó/
Ó³ËáÕáõÙ. The report/building is not yet ~ Çñ³íÇ׳Ï. The situation has become ~ Æñ³-
¼»ÏáõóáõÙÁ/Þ»ÝùÁ ¹»é¨ë ³Ý³í³ñï ¿: íÇ׳ÏÁ μ³ñ¹³ó»É ¿. ~ disease μ³ñ¹áõ-
complete [kəm΄pli:t] v í»ñç³óÝ»É, ³í³ñ- ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí/μ³ñ¹í³Í ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝ:
ï»É, ѳٳÉñ»É. ~ papers/forms ÃÕûñ/μɳÝÏ- complication [‚kɒmpli΄kei∫n] n μ³ñ¹³-
Ý»ñ Éñ³óÝ»É. ~ one’s work/education ³ß˳- óáõÙ, μ³ñ¹áõÃÛáõÝ, ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. grave/un-
ï³ÝùÁ í»ñç³óÝ»É. ÏñÃáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³í³ñï»É: forseen~ Éáõñç/ãݳ˳ï»ëí³Í μ³ñ¹áõ-
completely [kəm΄pli:tli] adv ϳï³ñ»É³å»ë, ÃÛáõÝ. flue with ~s μÅßÏ. μ³ñ¹áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí
ÉñÇí, ³ÙμáÕçáíÇÝ. ~ forget μáÉáñáíÇÝ Ùáé³- ·ñÇå:
ݳÉ. trust ~ÉñÇí íëï³Ñ»É. ~ satisfied ÉñÇí μ³- complicity [kəm΄plisəti] n Ù³ëݳÏóáõÃÛáõÝ.
í³ñ³ñí³Í. agree ~ÉñÇí ѳٳӳÛÝ»É: ѳÝó³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ, Ù»Õë³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ:
completeness [kəm΄pli:tnəs] n ³ÙμáÕç³- compliment [΄kɒmplimənt] n ѳ×áÛ³-
ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ³í³ñïí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ϳï³ñ»- ËáëáõÃÛáõÝ, ÏáÙåÉÇÙ»Ýï. ëÇñ³ÉÇñáõÃÛáõÝ.
ÉáõÃÛáõÝ. pay a ~ ѳ×áÛ³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É. a back-
completion [kəm΄pli:∫n] n ³í³ñïáõÙ. ѳ- handed ~ »ñÏÇÙ³ëï ѳ×áÛ³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝ.
Ù³ÉÇñ. payment on ~ í׳ñÁ ³í³ñïÇó Ñ»-
take as a ~ å³ïÇí ѳٳñ»É. ~s μ³ñ¨, áÕ-
ïá. Building is nearing ~ ÞÇݳñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ
çáõÛÝ. Give her my ~s ´³ñ¨»ù Ýñ³Ý. with ~s
Ùáï»ÝáõÙ ¿ ³í³ñïÇÝ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ code
from É³í³·áõÛÝ ó³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí. (ïáÙ-
³í³ñïÇ Ïá¹:
ë³ÏÝ»ñÇ/Ýí»ñÝ»ñÇ íñ³). with ~s μ³ñ¨Ý»-
complex [΄kɒmpleks] n ѳٳÉÇñ. μ³ñ¹. μ³- ñáí (ݳٳÏÇ í»ñçáõÙ):
Õ³¹ñÛ³É. ÑÙÏñ·. complex document/arithmetic
μ³Õ³¹ñÛ³É ÷³ëï³ÃáõÕÃ. μ³Õ³¹ñÛ³É
compliment [΄kɒmpliment] v ѳ×áÛ³Ëá-
ë»É, μ³ñ¨»É, áÕçáõÝ»É. ßÝáñѳíáñ»É. ÝíÇ-
Ãí»ñÇ Ãí³μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. a vast ~ of buildings
ñ»É. They ~ed me on my cooking/dress Üñ³Ýù
ßÇÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ù»Í Ñ³Ù³ÉÇñ. ~ mecha-
·áí»óÇÝ ÇÙ Ëáѳñ³ñ³Ï³Ý áõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ-
nism/process/situation μ³ñ¹ ٻ˳ÝǽÙ/·áñÍ-
Ý»ñÁ/ßáñÁ:
ÁÝóó/Çñ³íÇ׳Ï. Ñá·»μ. μ³ñ¹áõÛà inferi-
ority/superiority ~ ûñ³ñÅ»ùáõÃÛ³Ý/·»ñ³ñ-
complimentary [‚kɒmpli΄mentəri] a ·áí³-
Å»ùáõÃÛ³Ý μ³ñ¹áõÛÃ: ë³Ý³Ï³Ý, ßÝáñѳíáñ³Ï³Ý. a ~ ticket
complexion [kəm΄plek∫n] n ¹»ÙùÇ ·áõÛÝ. fair Ññ³íÇñ³ïáÙë:
~ ¹»ÙùÇ μ³ó ·áõÛÝ. ßÇϳѻñ, ˳ñïÛ³ß. comply [kəm΄plai] v ϳï³ñ»É /(ËݹÇñÁ,
dark ~ ¹»ÙùÇ Ùáõ· ·áõÛÝ. florid/olive/sal- å³Ñ³ÝçÁ). »ÝóñÏí»É, å³Ñå³Ý»É. ~ with
low/swarthy ~ óñÙ, ϳñÙñ³Ãáõß/¹»Õݳ- smb’s request Ù»ÏÇ Ëݹñ³ÝùÁ ϳï³ñ»É. ~
ϳݳã/ ·áõݳï/ÃáõË ¹»ÙùÇ ·áõÛÝ. That with rules ϳÝáÝÝ»ñÇÝ »ÝóñÏí»É. ûñÇ-
puts a different ~ on it ¸³ ÷áËáõÙ ¿ ·áñÍÁ, ݳå³Ñ ÉÇÝ»É:
³ÛÉ ï»ëù ¿ ï³ÉÇë: component [kəm΄pəunənt] n, a μ³Õ³¹ñÇã,
complexity [kəm΄pleksəti] n μ³ñ¹áõÃÛáõÝ, μ³Õ³¹ñÇã Ù³ë. μ³Õ³¹ñÇã, μ³Õ³¹ñ³Ï³Ý.
Ë××í³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ: ÑÙÏñ·. ~ software Ùá¹áõɳÛÇÝ Íñ³·ñ³ÛÇÝ
compliance [kəm΄plaiəns] n ½ÇçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ³å³ÑáíáõÙ:
ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ. in ~ with your wishes ѳ- compose [kəm΄pəuz] v ϳ½Ù»É, μ³Õ³¹ñ»É.
Ù³Ó³ÛÝ Ó»ñ ó³ÝÏáõÃÛ³Ý, Ó»ñ ó³ÝÏáõ- ÑáñÇÝ»É. ~ music/poem »ñ³ÅßïáõÃÛáõÝ/
ÃÛ³Ùμ: åá»Ù ÑáñÇÝ»É. ~ one’s thoughts ÙÇïùÁ Ï»Ýï-
composed 172 computer

ñáݳóÝ»É, Ï»ÝïñáݳݳÉ. be ~d of ϳ½Ù- Ï³Ý ¹åñáó. ~ medicine ÁݹѳÝáõñ μÅßÏáõ-


í³Í ÉÇÝ»É. ~d of many ingredients ß³ï μ³- ÃÛáõÝ. ~ report Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ ½»ÏáõóáõÙ:
Õ³¹ñÇãÝ»ñÇó ϳ½Ùí³Í ÉÇÝ»É: compress [΄kɒmpres] n μÅßÏ. Ãñçáó, ÏáÙå-
composed [kəm΄pəuzd] a ½áõëå, ѳݷÇëï, ñ»ë:
Ùï³Ñ³í³ù: compress [kəm΄pres] v ë»ÕÙ»É, ×½Ù»É. ~ a
composer [kəm΄pəuzə] n ÏáÙåá½Çïáñ: spring/one’s lips/an article ë»ÕÙ»É ½ëå³-
composing-machine [kəm΄pəuziŋmə‚∫i:n] ݳÏÁ/ßáõñûñÁ. Ïñ׳ï»É Ñá¹í³ÍÁ:
n ïå·ñ. ·ñ³ß³ñ Ù»ù»Ý³: compressed [kəm΄prest] a ë»ÕÙí³Í,
composite [΄kɒmpəzit] a μ³ñ¹, μ³Õ³¹ñÛ³É. Ëï³óñ³Í. ~ air Ëï³óñ³Í û¹. a ~ account
~ targets μ³ñ¹ Ýå³ï³ÏÝ»ñ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ oper- ѳÏÇñ× ß³ñ³¹ñáõÙ:
ator μ³Õ³¹ñÛ³É ûå»ñ³ïáñ. ~ statement μ³- comprise [kəm΄praiz] v Áݹ·ñÏ»É, μáí³Ý-
Õ³¹ñÛ³É åݹáõÙ: ¹³Ï»É, å³ñáõݳϻÉ. The collection ~s 50
composition [‚kɒmpə΄zi∫n] n μ³Õ³¹ñáõ- stamps гí³ù³ÍáõÝ μ³Õϳó³Í ¿ 50
ÃÛáõÝ. the ~ of the soil ÑáÕÇ μ³Õ³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ. ݳٳϳÝÇßÇó. The flat ~s two rooms
(¹åñáó) ß³ñ³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ·ñ³Ï³Ý, »ñ³ÅÁß- ´Ý³Ï³ñ³ÝÁ μ³Õϳó³Í ¿ 2 ë»ÝÛ³ÏÇó:
ï³Ï³Ý »ñÏ/ëï»Õͳ·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ùÇÙ. compromise [΄kɒmprəmaiz] n ÷á˽ÇçáõÙ.
˳éÝáõñ¹. Çñ³í. ÷á˽ÇçáõÙ³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³- settle for ~ ѳٳӳÛÝí»É ÷á˽ÇçÙ³Ý:
Ó³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ: compromise [΄kɒmprəmaiz] v ÷á˽ÇçáõÙ
compositor [kəm΄pɒzitə] n ·ñ³ß³ñ: ³Ý»É. í³ñϳμ»Ï»É. ~ oneself/one’s reputa-
compost [΄kɒmpɒst] n ·ÕïÝ. å³ñ³ñï³- tion/smb Çñ»Ý/áñ¨¿ Ù»ÏÇÝ í³ñϳμ»Ï»É:
˳éÝáõñ¹, ÏáÙåáëï: compromiser [΄kɒmprəmaizə] n ѳٳӳÛ-
composure [kəm΄pəuзə] n ѳݹ³ñïáõ- ÝáճϳÝ/ѳßïíáÕ³Ï³Ý ³ÝÓ:
ÃÛáõÝ, ÇÝùݳ½ëåáõÙ: recover one’s ~ Çñ»Ý compulsion [kəm΄pΛl∫n] n ѳñϳ¹ñ³Ýù,
ïÇñ³å»ï»É: ѳñϳ¹ñáõÙ. μéÝáõÃÛáõÝ. act under ~ ѳñ-
compound [΄kɒmpaund] n ùÇÙ. ˳éÝáõñ¹, ϳ¹ñ³μ³ñ ·áñÍ»É. You are under no ~ Ò»½
μ³Õ³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ÙdzóáõÃÛáõÝ. μ³Õ³¹ñÛ³É ã»Ý ѳñϳ¹ñáõÙ:
μ³é: compulsive [kəm΄pΛlsiv] a ѳñϳ¹ñ³Ï³Ý,
compound [΄kɒmpaund] a μ³Õ³¹ñÛ³É, å³ñï³¹Çñ. a ~ smoker ÙáÉÇ/Ãáõݹ ÍËáÕ. a
μ³ñ¹. ~ fracture μ³ñ¹ Ïáïñí³Íù. a ~ sen- ~ liar ³Ñ³íáñ ëï³Ëáë:
tence ù»ñ. μ³ñ¹ ѳٳ¹³ë³Ï³Ý ݳ˳¹³- compulsory [kəm΄pΛlsri] a å³ñï³¹Çñ,
ëáõÃÛáõÝ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ document μ³Õ³¹ñÛ³É Ñ³ñϳ¹ñ³Ï³Ý ~ liquidation ѳñϳ¹Çñ
÷³ëï³ÃáõÕÃ. ~ domain μ³Õ³¹ñÛ³É ïÇ- ÉáõͳñáõÙ. ~ retirement age å³ñï³¹Çñ
ñáõÛÃ. ~ proposition μ³ñ¹ ³ëáõÛÃ: Ãáß³ÏÇ ï³ñÇù:
compound [kəm΄paund] v μ³Õ³¹ñ»É, compunction [kəm΄pΛŋk∫n] n ËÕ×Ç Ë³ÛÃ,
˳éÝ»É, ÙdzóÝ»É: ½ÕçáõÙ. have no ~ in doing smth ³é³Ýó ËÕ×Ç
comprehend [‚kɒmpri΄hend] v ѳëϳݳÉ, ˳ÛÃÇ ³Û¹ ³Ý»É:
Ïé³Ñ»É, ÁÙμéÝ»É. I can’t ~ Hegel’s philosophy computable [kəm΄pju:təbl] a ѳßí»ÉÇ:
â»Ù ϳñáÕ Ñ³ëÏ³Ý³É Ð»·»ÉÇ ÷ÇÉÇëá÷³- computation [‚kɒmpju΄tei∫n] n ѳßíáõÙ,
ÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ: ѳßí³ñÏáõÙ:
comprehensible [‚kɒmpri΄hensəbl] a ѳë- computational [‚kɒmpju΄tei∫nl] a ѳßíá-
ϳݳÉÇ: ճϳÝ. ~ complexity ѳßí³ñÏÇ μ³ñ¹áõ-
comprehension [‚kɒmpri΄hen∫n] n ÁÙ- ÃÛáõÝ. ~ problem ѳßíáÕ³Ï³Ý ËݹÇñ:
μéÝáõÙ, ѳëϳݳÉáõ ϳñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. It pas- compute [kəm΄pju:t] v ѳßí»É, ѳßí³ñÏ»É:
ses/is beyond my ~ ¸³ Ç٠ѳëϳóáÕáõ- computer [kəm΄pju:tə] n ѳٳϳñ·Çã,
ÃÛáõÝÇó í»ñ ¿: ÏáÙåÛáõï»ñ. ~ based system ³íïáÙ³ï³ó-
comprehensive [‚kɒmpri΄hensiv] a μ³½- í³Í ѳٳϳñ·. ~ programmer ѳٳϳñ·-
Ù³ÏáÕÙ³ÝÇ, Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ, ëå³éÇã. /Ù³ï- ãÇ Íñ³·ñ³íáñáÕ. ~ dependent language ÏáÙ-
ã»ÉÇ, ѳëϳݳÉÇ/ ~ insurance ÉñÇí ³å³Ñá- åÛáõï»ñ³ÛÇÝ É»½áõ. ~ oriented language ¹»-
í³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ study μ³½Ù³ÏáÕÙ³ÝÇ áõ- åÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·ÇãÁ ÏáÕÙÝáñáßí³Í É»½áõ. ~
ëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ a ~ school ѳÝñ³Ïñó- independent language ѳٳϳñ·ãÇó ³ÝϳË
computerize 173 concern

É»½áõ. ~ network ѳٳϳñ·ã³ÛÇÝ ó³Ýó. ~ conceivably [kən΄si:vəbli] adv »Ýó¹ñ³-


run ÑÙÏñ·. Íñ³·ñÇ ³ÏïÇí³óáõÙ. ~ virus μ³ñ. It can’t be ~ true ¸³ ãÇ Ï³ñáÕ ×Çßï
ѳٳϳñ·ã³ÛÇÝ íÇñáõë. ~ word Ù»ù»Ý³- ÉÇÝ»É:
Û³Ï³Ý μ³é. ~ aids ѳٳϳñ·ã³ÛÇÝ ûųÝ- conceive [kən΄si:v] v ÙÇïù ÑճݳÉ, Ùï³-
¹³Ï ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ/å³ñ³·³Ý»ñ. ~ related ѳ- Í»É. ~ a plan ÙÇïù/Íñ³·Çñ ÑճݳÉ. I cannot
ٳϳñ·ãÇ Ñ»ï ϳåí³Í: ~ why... â»Ù ϳñáÕ å³ïÏ»ñ³óÝ»É, û
computerize [kəm΄pju:təraiz] v ³íïáÙ³- ÇÝãáõ... I ~d a dislike for him ºë Ýñ³Ý ãëÇñ»-
ï³óÝ»É. ~d learning ѳٳϳñ·ã³ÛÇÝ áõ- óÇ. I can’t ~ of anything worse ²í»ÉÇ í³ï
ëáõóáõÙ. ~d system ³íïáÙ³ï³óí³Í/ÏáÙå- μ³Ý ã»Ù ϳñáÕ Ùï³Í»É. ~ a child ÑÕdzݳÉ:
Ûáõï»ñ³óí³Í ѳٳϳñ·: concentrate [΄kɒnsntreit] v Ï»ÝïñáݳóÝ»É,
computerized [kəm΄pju:təraizd] a ѳٳ- Ï»ÝïñáݳݳÉ. I can’t ~ on anything àã ÙÇ
ϳñ·ã³ÛÇÝ, ѳٳϳñ·ãáí ϳï³ñíáÕ: μ³ÝÇ íñ³ ã»Ù ϳñáÕ Ï»ÝïñáݳݳÉ:
computing [kəm΄pju:tiŋ] n ѳßí³ñÏáõÙ, concentrated [΄kɒnsntreitid] a Ï»Ýïñá-
ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ Ùß³ÏáõÙ. ~ algorithm ѳßíáÕ³- ݳóí³Í:
Ï³Ý ³É·áñÇÃÙ. ~ environment ѳßíáÕ³Ï³Ý concentration [‚kɒnsn΄trei∫n] n Ï»Ýïñá-
ÙÇç³í³Ûñ. ~ machine ѳٳϳñ·Çã, ѳßíá- ݳóáõÙ, ѳٳϻÝïñáݳóáõÙ. a ~ of troops
Õ³Ï³Ý ë³ñù: ½áñù»ñÇ Ï»ÝïñáݳóáõÙ. listen with ~ Ï»Ýï-
comrade [΄kɒmreid] n ÁÝÏ»ñ: ñáݳóí³Í/ɳñí³Í Éë»É. have powers of ~
comrade-in-arms [‚kɒmreidin΄a:mz] n ϳñáÕ³Ý³É Ï»ÝïñáݳݳÉ:
½ÇݳÏÇó: concentric [kən΄sentrik] a ѳٳϻÝïñáÝ,
comradeship [΄kɒmreid∫ip] n ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳٳϻÝïñáݳϳÝ:
ÁÝÏ»ñ³Ï³Ý ѳñ³μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: concept [΄kɒnsept] n ѳëϳóáõÃÛáõÝ, ·³-
con [kɒn] n ¹»Ù. the pros and ~s ûñ áõ ¹»Ù: Õ³÷³ñ:
concave [‚kɒn΄keiv] a ·á·³íáñ: conception [kən΄sep∫n] n ·³Õ³÷³ñ, ѳë-
concavity [‚kɒn΄kævəti] n ·á·³íáñ ٳϻ- ϳóáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. Ùï³ÑÕ³óáõÙ, ÑÕdzóáõÙ. a
ñ»ë: bold ~ Ëǽ³Ë ·³Õ³÷³ñ. his ~ of the role
conceal [kən΄si:l] v óùóÝ»É, å³Ñ»É, ùá- ³Û¹ ¹»ñÇ Ýñ³ ѳëϳóáõÃÛáõÝÁ/å³ïÏ»ñ³-
Õ³ñÏ»É. the truth/one’s feelings/the fugitive óáõÙÁ. have no ~ ·³Õ³÷³ñ ãáõݻݳÉ:
óùóÝ»É ×ßÙ³ñïáõÃÛáõÝÁ/½·³óÙáõÝùÝ»ñÁ/ conceptual [kən΄sep∫uəl] a ÑÙÏñ·. ÇÙ³ëï³-
÷³Ëëï³Ï³ÝÇÝ. be ~ed óùÝí»É: ÛÇÝ. ~ dictionary ѳëϳóáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ μ³é³-
concealer [kən΄si:lə] n óùóÝáÕ, å³ñï³- ñ³Ý. ~ modelling ÏáÝó»åïáõ³É Ùṻɳíá-
ÏáÕ, å³ñï³ÏÇã: ñáõÙ. ~ scheme ÏáÝó»åïáõ³É ë˻ٳ:
concealment [kən΄si:lmənt] n óùóÝ»ÉÁ. concern [kən΄sə:n] n Ñá·ë, ³Ýѳݷëïáõ-
óùëïáó. ùáÕ³ñÏáõÙ. stay in ~ óùÝí»É: ÃÛáõÝ. Ñá·³ï³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. That’s your ~ ¸³
concede [kən΄si:d] v ½Çç»É. ÁݹáõÝ»É, ѳ- Ó»ñ ·áñÍÝ ¿. That ‘s no ~ of yours ¸³ Ó»ñ
Ù³Ó³ÛÝí»É. ~ territory/a right ½Çç»É ï³- ·áñÍÁ ã¿. his first ~ Ýñ³ ³é³çÇÝ Ñá·ëÁ/·áñ-
ñ³Íù/ Çñ³íáõÝù. I ~ you that point ²Ûë ѳñ- ÍÁ. have no ~ with ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝ ãáõݻݳÉ.
óáõÙ »ë Ó»½ ½ÇçáõÙ »Ù. Let us ~ ... (ýÇñÙ³, Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝ) family ~ ÁÝï³Ý»-
ÀݹáõÝ»Ýù, áñ..: Ï³Ý Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝ. a paying ~ ß³Ñáõó-
conceit [kən΄si:t] n ٻͳÙïáõÃÛáõÝ. full of ~ μ»ñ Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝ. a going ~ (³ñ¹»Ý) ·áñ-
ٻͳÙÇï, ÇÝùݳѳí³Ý. He has a good ~ of ÍáÕ Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝ. It’s of some ~ to all of us
himself Æñ Ù³ëÇÝ Ù»Í Ï³ñÍÇù áõÝÇ. out of ~ ¸³ ÇÝã-áñ ã³÷áí μáÉáñÇë ¿ í»ñ³μ»ñáõÙ.
(with) Ñdzëó÷í³Í: feel no ~ ³Ýï³ñμ»ñ ÉÇÝ»É. What ~ is that of
conceited [kən΄si:tid] a ëݳå³ñÍ, ÇÝùݳ- yours? ƱÝã ϳå áõÝÇ ¹³ Ó»½ Ñ»ï. Mind
ѳí³Ý: your own ~s Ò»ñ ·áñÍáí ½μ³Õí»ù:
conceivable [kən΄si:vəbl] a ѳëϳݳÉÇ, concern [kən΄sə:n] v í»ñ³μ»ñ»É, ³éÝãáõ-
ÁÙμéÝ»ÉÇ. try every ~ method ÷áñÓ»É μáÉáñ ÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ. This ~s everybody ¸³ μáÉá-
Ñݳñ³íáñ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÁ. It’s hardly ~ ¸Åí³ñ ñÇÝ ¿ í»ñ³μ»ñáõÙ. The article ~s the problem
¿ å³ïÏ»ñ³óÝ»É. It’s just ~ that... âÇ μ³ó³é- Ðá¹í³ÍÁ í»ñ³μ»ñáõÙ ¿ ËݹñÇÝ. the parties
íáõÙ, áñ...: ~ed ߳ѳ·ñ·éí³Í ÏáÕÙ»ñÁ. as far as I’m
concerned 174 concurrence

~ed ÇÝã í»ñ³μ»ñáõÙ ¿ ÇÝÓ. be ~ed in ߳ѳ- conclude [kən΄klu:d] v »½ñ³÷³Ï»É, í»ñ-
·ñ·éí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. as ~s ÇÝã í»ñ³μ»ñáõÙ ¿. ç³óÝ»É. ~ one’s speech ׳éÁ »½ñ³÷³Ï»É.
(Ñá·³É, Ùï³Ñá·í»É). be ~ed about smn’s “to be ~d” í»ñç³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ѳçáñ¹ ѳٳ-
health Ù»ÏÇ ³éáÕçáõÃÛ³Ùμ Ùï³Ñá·í»É. ñáõÙ. ~ by saying that... áñå»ë »½ñ³Ï³óáõ-
Don’t ~ yourself about us Ø»½ ѳٳñ ÙÇ ³Ý- ÃÛáõÝ ³ë»É, áñ... (ÏÝù»É) ~ a treaty/a bargain/
ѳݷëï³ó»ù, Ø»ñ Ù³ëÇÝ ÙÇ Ùï³Í»ù£ transaction å³Ûٳݳ·Çñ/·áñͳñù ÏÝù»É:
concerned [kən΄sə:nd] a Ùï³Ñá·í³Í, concluding [kən΄klu:diŋ] a »½ñ³÷³ÏÇã. ~
íñ¹áíí³Í. ³ÝѳݷÇëï, ߳ѳ·ñ·Çé. ~ remarks »½ñ³÷³ÏÇã ¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ:
party (parties) ߳ѳ·ñ·Çé ÏáÕÙ/ÏáÕÙ»ñ: conclusion [kən΄klu:зn] n »½ñ³÷³ÏáõÙ,
concerning [kən΄sə:niŋ] prep í»ñ³μ»ñÛ³É, ³Ù÷á÷áõÙ, Ñ»ï¨áõÃÛáõÝ. »½ñ³Ï³óáõÃÛáõÝ,
ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ. ~ your work/her future Ó»ñ ³ß- ³í³ñï. mistaken/erroneous ~ ëË³É Ñ»ï¨áõ-
˳ï³ÝùÇ/Ýñ³ ³å³·³ÛÇ í»ñ³μ»ñÛ³É: ÃÛáõÝ/»½ñ³Ï³óáõÃÛáõÝ. in ~ áñå»ë »½ñ³-
concert [΄kɒnsət] 1. n ѳٻñ·. attend the ~ ϳóáõÃÛáõÝ, í»ñçáõÙ. come tû /arrive at the ~
ѳٻñ· ·Ý³É. The ~ was cancelled/was off »½ñ³Ï³óáõÃÛ³Ý ·³É. bring to ~ ³í³ñï»É,
гٻñ·Á ã»ÕÛ³É Ñ³Ûï³ñ³ñí»ó. (ѳٳ- í»ñç³óÝ»É. the ~ of a treaty å³Ûٳݳ·ñÇ
Ó³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ) in ~ with ÙdzëÇÝ, ÷á˳¹³ñÓ ÏÝùáõÙ. at the ~ of ³í³ñïÇÝ, í»ñçáõÙ. a
ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ. They work in ~ Üñ³Ýù foregone ~ ³ÝËáõë³÷»ÉÇ »½ñ³Ï³óáõÃÛáõÝ.
ÙdzëÇÝ »Ý ³ß˳ïáõÙ. 2. a ѳٻñ·³ÛÇÝ: draw a ~ »½ñ³Ï³óÝ»É, ѻ層óÝ»É. jump to
concerted [kən΄sə:tid] a ѳٳӳÛÝ»óí³Í. a ~s ѳå×»å »½ñ³Ï³óáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ³Ý»É:
~ effort ѳٳӳÛÝ»óí³Í ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝ- conclusive [kən΄klu:siv] a »½ñ³÷³ÏÇã,
Ý»ñ: í×é³Ï³Ý. ~ evidence ѳÙá½Çã ³å³óáõÛó-
concerto [kən΄t∫eətəu] n »ñÅß. ѳٻñ· Ý»ñ. final and ~ í»ñçÝ³Ï³Ý ¨ ³Ýí»ñ³å³Ñ:
(»ñ³Åßï³Ï³Ý »ñÏ/ëï»Õͳ·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ). a concoct [kən΄kɒkt] v »÷»É, å³ïñ³ëï»É.
~ for the piano ѳٻñ· ¹³ßݳÙáõñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ£ ÷Ëμ. ÑáñÇÝ»É, Ñݳñ»É. ~ a plot for a novel/an
concession [kən΄se∫n] n ½ÇçáõÙ, ѳٳӳÛ- excuse í»åÇ ëÛáõÅ»/å³ïñí³Ï ÑáñÇÝ»É:
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ÏáÝó»ëdz. make ~s on both sides concoction [kən΄kɒk∫n] n »÷áõÙ, å³ïñ³ë-
÷á˳¹³ñÓ ½ÇçÙ³Ý ·Ý³É. ~ agreement ïáõÙ. áõï»ÉÇù, Ï»ñ³Ïáõñ. ÷Ëμ. ÑݳñáíÇ
½Çç³ÝùÇ Ñ³Ù³Ó³Ûݳ·Çñ: μ³Ý:
concessive [kən΄sesiv] a ½ÇçáÕ: concomitant [kən΄kɒmitənt] a ½áõ·ÁÝóó,
conch [kɒŋk] n Ë»óÇ, ËËáõÝç: áõÕ»ÏóáÕ:
conciliate [kən΄silieit] v ѳßï»óÝ»É, ѳݷÁë- concord [΄kɒŋkɔ:d] n ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ,
ï³óÝ»É. I did my best to ~ him ºë ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã ¹³ßݳ·Çñ. »ñÅß. Ý»ñ¹³ßݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
³ñ»óÇ Ýñ³Ý ѳݷëï³óÝ»Éáõ ѳٳñ: concordance [kən΄kɔ:dns] n ѳٳӳÛÝáõ-
conciliation [kən‚sili΄ei∫n] n ѳßï»óáõÙ, ÃÛáõÝ:
˳ճջóáõÙ, ѳݷëï³óáõÙ. ѳßï³ñ³- concordant [kən΄kɔ:dnt] a ѳٳӳÛÝ, Ý»ñ-
ñáõÃÛáõÝ: ¹³ßݳÏ:
conciliator [kən΄silieitə] n ѳßï³ñ³ñ, ѳß- concrete [΄kɒŋkri:t] 1. n μ»ïáÝ. armoured ~
ï³ñ³ñ ÙÇçÝáñ¹. ùÕù. ѳßïíáճϳÝ, »ñϳÃμ»ïáÝ. ~ mixer μ»ïáݳ˳éÝÇã. 2. a
ѳßïáõÃÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙݳÏÇó: μ»ïáÝ»:
conciliatory [kən΄silieitəri] a ѳßïíáÕ³- concrete [΄kɒŋkri:t] a ÏáÝÏñ»ï, 黳É. ~
ϳÝ, ѳßï³ñ³ñ: fact/case/result ÏáÝÏñ»ï ÷³ëï/¹»åù/³ñ¹-
concise [kən΄sais] a ѳٳéáï, Ïñ׳ï, ѳ- ÛáõÝù. nothing ~ as yet ¹»é¨ë áã ÙÇ ÏáÝÏñ»ï
ÏÇñ×. a ~ dictionary ѳٳéáï μ³é³ñ³Ý. a μ³Ý:
~ style ѳÏÇñ× á×. He was very ~ ܳ ß³ï concretion [kən΄kri:∫n] n ë»ñï³×áõÙ,
ѳÏÇñ× ¿ñ: ÙdzÏóáõÙ. μÅßÏ. ù³ñ»ñ:
conciseness [kən΄saisnəs] n ѳٳéáïáõ- concubine [΄kɒŋkjubain] n ѳñ×:
ÃÛáõÝ, ѳÏÇñ×áõÃÛáõÝ: concur [kən΄kə:] v ѳÙÁÝÏÝ»É. ѳٳÙÇï ÉÇ-
conclave [΄kɒŋkleiv] n ·³ÕïÝÇ ÅáÕáí. Ý»É. ~ in a result ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñáí ѳÙÁÝÏÝ»É:
»Ï»Õ. ÏáÝÏɳí, ÐéáÙÇ å³åÇ ÁÝïñáõÃÛ³Ý concurrence [kən΄kΛrəns] n ѳÙÁÝÏÝáõÙ,
ÅáÕáí: ½áõ·³¹ÇåáõÙ:
concurrent 175 conductor

concurrent [kən΄kΛrənt] a ѳÙÁÝÏÝáÕ. condition [kən΄di∫n] v å³Ûٳݳíáñ»É.


½áõ·ÁÝóó, ѳÙÁÝóó. ѳٳï»Õ, Ùdz- å³ïß³× íÇ׳ÏÇ Ñ³ëóÝ»É, μ³ñíáù»É.
ï»Õ. ~ training ½áõ·³Ñ»é áõëáõóáõÙ. ~ views Prices are ~ed ¶Ý»ñÁ å³Ûٳݳíáñí³Í »Ý:
ѳÙÁÝÏÝáÕ ï»ë³Ï»ïÝ»ñ: conditional [kən΄di∫nəl] a å³ÛٳݳϳÝ.
concurrently [kən΄kΛrəntli] adv Ùdzų- ù»ñ. å³ÛÙ³Ý³Ï³Ý (ݳ˳¹³ëáõÃÛáõÝ/»-
ٳݳÏ: ճݳÏ):
concussion [kən΄kΛ∫n] n ѳñí³Í, óÝóáõÙ. conditioned [kən΄di∫nd] a å³Ûٳݳíáñ-
μÅßÏ. áõÕ»ÕÇ óÝóáõÙ: í³Í. ~ reflex å³ÛÙ³Ý³Ï³Ý é»ýÉ»ùë:
condemn [kən΄dem] v ¹³ï³å³ñï»É. be condolatory [kən΄dəulətri] a ó³í³Ïó³-
~ed to imprisonment μ³Ýï³ñÏáõÃÛ³Ý ¹³- ϳÝ:
ï³å³ñïí»É. (³Ý³å³Ñáí ѳٳñ»É, Ëá- condole [kən΄dəul] v ϳñ»Ïó»É, ó³í³Ïó»É.
ï³Ý»É) The inspectors ~ed the meat êïáõ·áÕ- I ~d with him on the death of his father ºë Ýñ³Ý
Ý»ñÁ Ëáï³Ý»óÇÝ ÙÇëÁ. The building has ó³í³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ Ñ³ÛïÝ»óÇ Ñáñ Ù³Ñí³Ý
been ~ed Þ»ÝùÁ áñáß»óÇÝ ù³Ý¹»É: ϳå³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ùμ:
condemnation [‚kɒndem΄nei∫n] n ¹³ï³- condolence [kən΄dəuləns] n ó³í³Ïóáõ-
å³ñïáõÙ, ¹³ï³í×Çé: ÃÛáõÝ, ϳñ»ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ:
condemnatory [kən΄demnətəri] a ¹³ï³- condominium [‚kɒndə΄miniəm] n ѳٳ-
å³ñïáÕ, Ù»Õ³¹ñ³Ï³Ý: ïÇñáõÃÛáõÝ:
condensation [‚kɒnden΄sei∫n] n Ëï³óáõÙ, condone [kən΄dəun] v ÃáÕáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É, Ý»-
óÝÓñ³óáõÙ. Ëï³óñ³Í ½³Ý·í³Í: ñ»É. He appeared to ~ his friend ÂíáõÙ ¿ñ, û
condense [kən΄dens] v Ëï³óÝ»É, óÝÓñ³- ݳ Ý»ñ»É ¿ Çñ ÁÝÏ»ñáçÁ:
ݳÉ. Ïñ׳ï»É, ѳٳéáï»É. ~ a text ï»ùë- conduce [kən΄dju:s] v Ýå³ëï»É, ûųݹ³-
ïÁ Ïñ׳ï»É: Ï»É:
condenser [kən΄densə] n Ïáݹ»Ýë³ïáñ, conducive [kən΄dju:siv] a Ýå³ëïáÕ, ûųÝ-
ë³é»óáõóÇã: ¹³ÏáÕ. Exercise is ~ to health ì³ñÅáõÃÛáõÝ-
condescend [‚kɒndi΄send] μ³ñ»Ñ³×/Ý»ñá- Ý»ñÁ û·ï³Ï³ñ »Ý ³éáÕçáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ:
Õ³ÙÇï í»ñ³μ»ñí»É. ½ÇçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ óáõó³- conduct [΄kɒndΛkt] n í³ñù. improper/shock-
μ»ñ»É. He ~ed to see me personally ܳ μ³- ing/inexcusable ~ ³Ýå³ïß³×/ ãÉëí³Í/³Ý-
ñ»Ñ³×»ó ÇÝÓ ³ÝÓ³Ùμ ï»ëÝ»É. He’d never ~ Ý»ñ»ÉÇ í³ñù. (í³ñáõÙ, ջϳí³ñáõÙ) stan-
to bribery ܳ »ñμ»ù ã¿ñ ÇçÝÇ Ï³ß³éùÇ dard of ~ ջϳí³ñÙ³Ý ã³÷áñáßÇã. ~ of the
³ëïÇ׳ÝÇ: war/elections å³ï»ñ³½Ù/ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ
condescending [‚kɒndi΄sendiŋ] a ѳݹáõñ- (í³ñ»ÉÁ, ջϳí³ñ»ÉÁ) ~ of fire é½Ù. Ïñ³ÏÇ
ÅáÕ, Ý»ñáÕ³ÙÇï, ½ÇçáÕ: ջϳí³ñáõÙ:
condescension [‚kɒndi΄sen∫n] n ½ÇçáÕáõ- conduct [kən΄dΛkt] v í³ñ»É. ~ oneself Çñ»Ý
ÃÛáõÝ, Ý»ñáÕ³ÙïáõÃÛáõÝ: å³Ñ»É. í³ñí»É. (ջϳí³ñ»É, ï³Ý»É) She
condiment [΄kɒndimənt] n ѳٻÙáõÝù: ~s parties ܳ ËÙμ»ñ ¿ ջϳí³ñáõÙ ~ smb a-
condition [kən΄di∫n] n å³ÛÙ³Ý. on ~ that cross the street ÷áÕáóÝ ³ÝóϳóÝ»É. ~ an ex-
å³ÛÙ³Ýáí, áñ. on no ~ áã ÙÇ å³ÛÙ³Ýáí. ~s amination/experiment/meeting ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ/
of sale í³×³éùÇ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ. favourable/in- ÷áñÓ/ÅáÕáí ³ÝóϳóÝ»É. ~ negotiations μ³-
tolerable ~s μ³ñ»Ýå³ëï/³Ýï³Ý»ÉÇ Ý³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ í³ñ»É. ~ a siege å³ß³ñáõ-
å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ. under existing ~s ïíÛ³É å³Û- ÙÁ ջϳí³ñ»É. Who’s ~ing the orchestra? à±í
Ù³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ/å³ñ³·³Ý»ñáõÙ. (íÇ׳Ï) splen- ¿ ¹ÇñÇÅáñÁ. ~ electricity/heat ¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³-
did/critical ~ ·»ñ³½³Ýó/ÏñÇïÇÏ³Ï³Ý íÇ- ÝáõÃÛáõÝ/ç»ñÙáõÃÛáõÝ Ñ³Õáñ¹»É:
׳Ï. The house is in terrible ~ îáõÝÝ ³Ñ³íáñ conducted [kən΄dΛktid] a ջϳí³ñí³Í,
íÇ׳ÏáõÙ ¿. be in no ~ Ç íÇ׳ÏÇ ãÉÇÝ»É. be í³ñí³Í. a ~ tour ¿ùëÏáõñëdz:
out of ~ Ùñ½. Ó¨Ç Ù»ç ãÉÇÝ»É. in good ~ɳí conductivity [‚kɒndΛk΄tivəti] n ѳÕáñ¹³-
íÇ׳ÏáõÙ. out of ~ í³ï íÇ׳ÏáõÙ. change ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ç»ñٳѳÕáñ¹áõÃÛáõÝ:
one’s ~ ÷Ëμ. ³ÙáõëݳݳÉ. in such ~s ³Ûë- conductor [kən΄dΛktə] n »ñÅß. ¹ÇñÇÅáñ.
åÇëÇ Ñ³Ý·³Ù³ÝùÝ»ñáõÙ: ËÙμ³í³ñ. guest ~ Ññ³íÇñí³Í ¹ÇñÇÅáñ.
(³íïáμáõë ¨ ³ÛÉÝ) ïáÙë³í³×³é, í³·á-
cone 176 confirm

ݳí³ñ. ¿É. ѳÕáñ¹Çã. »ñÏÃ. áõÕ»ÏóáÕ. a secret ·³ÕïÝÇùÁ íëï³Ñ»É. He ~d to me


lightning ~ ß³Ýóñ·»É: ܳ ÇÝÓ íëï³Ñ»ó. I have nobody to ~ in âϳ
cone [kəun] n Ù³Ã. ÏáÝ. μëμ. ëá×áõ/»Õ¨Ýáõ áñ¨¿ Ù»ÏÁ, áõÙ íëï³Ñ»Ù:
ÏáÝ: confidence [΄kɒnfidəns] n íëï³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ.
confection [kən΄fek∫n] n ù³Õóñ»Õ»Ý. ϳ- have ~ in íëï³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ, íëï³Ñ»É.
ݳóÇ å³ïñ³ëïÇ Ñ³·áõëï»Õ»Ý: lose ~ íëï³ÑáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÏáñóÝ»É. give one’s ~
confectioner [kən΄fek∫nə] n Ññáõ߳ϳ·áñÍ, to íëï³Ñ»É. place ~ in ѳí³ï³É, íëï³Ñ»É.
Ññáõ߳ϳí³×³é. ~‘s shop Ññáõ߳ϳñ³Ý: told in ~ ·³Õïݳμ³ñ ³ëí³Í. enjoy smb‘s ~
confectionery [kən΄fek∫nəri] n Ññáõ߳ϻ- û·ïí»É Ù»ÏÇ íëï³ÑáõÃÛáõÝÇó. have every ~
Õ»Ý, Ññáõ߳ϳñ³Ý: ÉñÇí íëï³Ñ»É. (ÇÝùݳíëï³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳ-
confederacy [kən΄fedərəsi] n ÏáÝý»¹»ñ³- Ùá½í³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ) speak with ~ ÇÝùݳíëï³-
ódz, ÉÇ·³. ¹³ßݳÏóáõÃÛáõÝ. ¹³í³¹ñáõ- Ñáñ»Ý Ëáë»É. gain ~ (³í»ÉÇ ß³ï) ÇÝùݳ-
ÃÛáõÝ: íëï³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ Ó»éù μ»ñ»É. (·³ÕïÝÇù) in
confederate [kən΄fedəreit] 1. n ÏáÝý»¹»- strict ~ ËÇëï ·³ÕïÝÇ. exchange ~s ·³Õï-
ñ³ódzÛÇ ³Ý¹³Ù. ¹³ßݳÏÇó. ѳÝó³ÏÇó, ÝÇùÝ»ñ ÷á˳ݳϻÉ. ~ man Ïñ×. conman
¹³í³ÏÇó. 2. a ý»¹»ñ³É, ¹³ßݳÏó³ÛÇÝ. 3. ˳μ»μ³, ˳ñ¹³Ë Ù³ñ¹:
v Ùdzíáñ(í)»É ¹³ßݳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÙïÝ»É: confident [΄kɒnfidənt] 1. a íëï³Ñ, ѳٳñ-
confederation [kən‚fedə΄rei∫n] n ѳٳ¹³ß- Ó³Ï, ÇÝùݳíëï³Ñ. be/feel ~ íëï³Ñ ÉÇÝ»É.
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: ~ of success ѳçáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç íëï³Ñ. ~
confer [kən΄fə:] v ßÝáñÑ»É. ·Çï³Ï³Ý ÏáãáõÙ voice íëï³Ñ Ó³ÛÝ. 2. n Ùï»ñÇÙ/ëñï³ÏÇó
ßÝáñÑ»É. ~ a doctorate ¹áÏïáñÇ ³ëïÇ×³Ý Ù³ñ¹:
ßÝáñÑ»É. (ùÝݳñÏ»É) ~ with smb about smth confidential [‚kɒnfi΄den∫l] a ·³ÕïÝÇ, ѳ-
ËáñÑñ¹³Ïó»É Ù»ÏÇ Ñ»ï áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ Ù³ëÇÝ: í³ï³ñٳϳÝ. a ~ secretary/talk íëï³Ñ»ÉÇ
conference [΄kɒnfrəns] n ѳٳÅáÕáí, ù³ñïáõÕ³ñ. ·³ÕïÝÇ/ÏáÝýǹ»ÝóÇ³É Ëá-
ËáñÑñ¹³ÅáÕáí, ËáñÑñ¹³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ. ÏáÝ- ë³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ papers ·³ÕïÝÇ ÷³ëï³-
ý»ñ³Ýë (ѳٳ·áõÙ³ñ) call/arrange/hold a ~ ÃÕûñ:
ÏáÝý»ñ³Ýë Ññ³íÇñ»É/ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñå»É/³Ýó- confidently [΄kɒnfidəntli] adv ѳÙá½í³Í,
ϳóÝ»É. press/summit ~ Ù³ÙáõÉÇ/ μ³ñÓñ Ù³- íëï³Ñ:
ϳñ¹³ÏÇ ËáñÑñ¹³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ/ÏáÝý»ñ³Ýë. confiding [kən΄faidiŋ] a ¹Ûáõñ³Ñ³í³ï,
cabinet ~ ݳ˳ñ³ñÝ»ñÇ ËáñÑñ¹³Ïóáõ- ѳí³ï ÁÝͳÛáÕ:
ÃÛáõÝ. confine [kən΄fain] n ë³ÑÙ³Ý, ë³Ñٳݳ·ÇÍ.
conferment [kən΄fə:mənt] n ßÝáñÑáõÙ within/beyond the ~s of ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ/ë³Ñ-
(·Çï³Ï³Ý ³ëïÇ׳ÝÇ/ÏáãÙ³Ý ¨ ³ÛÉÝ): Ù³ÝÝ»ñÇó ¹áõñë:
confess [kən΄fes] v Ëáëïáí³Ý»É (ݳ¨` Ïñá- confine [kən΄fain] v ë³Ñ³Ù³Ý³÷³Ï(í)»É.
ݳϳÝ). ~ a crime ѳÝó³Ýù/á×Çñ Ëáëïá- μ³Ýï³ñÏ»É. ~ birds in a cage ÃéãáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ
í³Ý»É. He ~ed everything ܳ ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã Ëáë- í³Ý¹³ÏáõÙ å³Ñ»É. be ~d to the house with
ïáí³Ý»ó: flu ·ñÇåáí ï³ÝÁ ÙݳÉ. be ~d to bed ³ÝÏáÕ-
confessedly [kən΄fesdli] adv ѳٳӳÛÝ ÝáõÝ ·³Ùí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. ~ oneself to the facts
ë»÷³Ï³Ý Ëáëïáí³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý: ÷³ëï»ñáí ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ïí»É. the damage
confession [kən΄fe∫n] n Ëáëïáí³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. is ~d to íݳëí»É »Ý... be ~d μÅßÏ. ÍÝ»É,
¹³í³Ý³Ýù. full ~ μ³ó³ñÓ³Ï Ëáëïáí³- ³½³ïí»É:
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. make a full ~ ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã Ëáë- confinement [kən΄fainmənt] n ë³Ñٳݳ-
ïáí³Ý»É. voluntary ~ ÇÝùݳϳÙ/Ñáųñ³- ÷³ÏáõÙ, μ³Ýï³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ. μÅßÏ. ÍÝݹ³μ»-
ϳÙ/ϳٳíáñ Ëáëïáí³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: ñáõÃÛáõÝ. solitary ~ Ù»ÏáõëÇ μ³Ýï³ñÏáõ-
confessor [kən΄fesə] n Ëáëïáí³Ý³Ñ³Ûñ, ÃÛáõÝ:
Ëáëïáí³ÝáÕ: confirm [kən΄fə:m] v ѳëï³ï»É. í³í»-
confidant [΄kɒnfidænt] n Ùï»ñÇÙ/ëñï³ÏÇó ñ³óÝ»É. »Ï»Õ. ݳ˳ѳÕáñ¹»É. ~ by letter
³ÝÓݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ: ݳٳÏáí/·ñ³íáñ ѳëï³ï»É. His suspici-
confide [kən΄faid] v íëï³Ñ»É, ³å³íÇÝ»É. ~ ons were ~ed Üñ³ ϳëϳÍÝ»ñÁ ѳëï³ï-
confirmation 177 congenial

í»óÇÝ. ~ the appointment Ý߳ݳÏáõÙÁ ѳë- ÝÇ°. What a ~ed nuisance! ²÷ëá°ë (ëñïÝ»Õáõ-
ï³ï»É: ÃÛáõÝ):
confirmation [‚kɒnfə΄mei∫n] n ѳëï³- confounded [kən΄faundid] a ß÷áÃí³Í, Ùá-
ïáõÙ, í³í»ñ³óáõÙ. »Ï»Õ. ݳ˳ѳÕáñ- Éáñí³Í. ËëÏó. ³ÝÇÍí³Í, ³ÝÇÍÛ³É. ÷Ëμ.
¹áõÃÛáõÝ, ÏáÝýÇñÙ³ódz. in ~ of Ç Ñ³ëï³- ¹Åá˳ÛÇÝ, ³Ýï³Ý»ÉÇ:
ïáõÙÝ: confoundedly [kən΄faundidli] adv ËëÏó.
confirmed [kən΄fə:md] a ѳÙá½í³Í. ÙáÉÇ, ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ, ëáëϳÉÇ, ë³ëïÇÏ:
Ãáõݹ. ~ bachelor/druncard/invalid »ñ¹íÛ³É confront [kən΄frΛnt] v ¹ÇٳϳۻÉ, ѳϳ-
³ÙáõñÇ. ÙáÉÇ Ñ³ñμ»óáÕ. ËñáÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý ÑÇ- ¹ñí»É. ѳݹÇå»É. ~ danger íï³Ý·Ç »ñ»ëÇÝ
í³Ý¹: ݳۻÉ(¹»Ù ϳݷݻÉ). be ~ed by unexpected
confiscate [΄kɒnfiskeit] v μéݳ·ñ³í»É: obstacles ³Ýëå³ë»ÉÇ ËáãÁݹáïÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ý-
confiscation [‚kɒnfi΄skei∫n] n μéݳ·ñ³- ¹Çå»É. He is afraid to ~ his father ܳ í³-
íáõÙ: Ë»ÝáõÙ ¿ »ñ»ë ³é »ñ»ë ÑáñÁ ѳݹÇå»É. the
conflagration [‚kɒnflə΄grei∫n] n Ù»Í Ññ¹»Ñ: difficulties that ~ us ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, áñ
conflict [΄kɒnflikt] n ÁݹѳñáõÙ, ѳϳ- ͳé³ÝáõÙ »Ý Ù»ñ ³éç¨:
Ù³ñïáõÃÛáõÝ, μ³ËáõÙ, ѳϳëáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ confrontation [‚kɒnfrΛn΄tei∫n] n ³é»ñ»-
of interests/opinions/principles ߳ѻñÇ/ϳñ- ëáõÙ, ¹ÇٳϳÛáõÃÛáõÝ. policy of ~ ³é׳-
ÍÇùÝ»ñÇ/ëϽμáõÝùÝ»ñÇ μ³ËáõÙ. inevitable ϳïÙ³Ý ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
~ ³ÝËáõë³÷»ÉÇ ÁݹѳñáõÙ. avoid a ~ confuse [kən΄fju:z] v ˳éÝ»É, ß÷áûÉ,
ÏáÝýÉÇÏïÇó Ëáõë³÷»É. be in ~, come into ~ Ë××»É. I always ~ her for her sister ºë ÙÇßï
ÏáÝýÉÇÏïÇ Ù»ç ÉÇݻɣ Ýñ³Ý ùñáç Ñ»ï »Ù Ë³éÝáõÙ. feel ~d ß÷áÃ-
conflict [kən΄flikt] v ѳϳë»É, μ³ËÙ³Ý Ù»ç í»É. get finally/completely ~d í»ñçݳϳݳ-
ÉÇÝ»É. His report ~s with yours Üñ³ ѳÕáñ- å»ë ß÷áÃí»É/Ë××í»É. be ~d by questions
¹áõÙÁ ѳϳëáõÙ ¿ Ó»ñÇÝÇÝ: ѳñó»ñÇó ß÷áÃí»É. Don’t ~ the issue ØÇ
conflicting [kən΄fliktiŋ] a ѳϳëáÕ, ѳ- Ë××»ù ·áñÍÁ/ѳñóÁ:
ϳë³Ï³Ý. ~ evidence ѳϳë³Ï³Ý óáõó- confused [kən΄fju:zd] a Ë××í³Í, ˳éݳ-
ÙáõÝù. ~ interests μ³ËíáÕ ß³Ñ»ñ: ß÷áÃ. ß÷áÃí³Í, ÙáÉáñí³Í:
confluence [΄kɒnfluəns] n Ùdz˳éÝáõÙ, confusing [kən΄fju:ziŋ] a μ³ñ¹, Ë××í³Í.
ÙdzóáõÙ. ~ of rivers ·»ï»ñÇ ÙdzóáõÙ. (׳- ß÷áûóÝáÕ. The rules seem very ~ ²Ûë ϳ-
ݳå³ñÑÝ»ñÇ) ѳïáõÙ: ÝáÝÝ»ñÁ ß³ï μ³ñ¹/Ë××í³Í »Ý ÃíáõÙ. Lon-
don is very ~ for a foreigner úï³ñ»ñÏñ³óáõ
confluent [΄kɒnfluənt] 1. n íï³Ï. 2. a Ùdz-
ѳٳñ ÈáݹáÝáõÙ ß³ï Ñ»ßï ¿ ÙáÉáñí»ÉÁ:
˳éÝíáÕ:
conflux [΄kɒnflΛks] n ѳٳ˳éÝáõÙ. ³Ù- confusion [kən΄fju:зn] n ³Ýϳñ·áõÃÛáõÝ,
˳éݳß÷áÃáõÃÛáõÝ. ß÷áÃÙáõÝù. There was
μáË:
some ~ over the dates ²Ùë³Ãí»ñÇ Ï³å³Ï-
conform [kən΄fɔ:m] v ѳٳå³ï³ë˳ݻÉ.
óáõÃÛ³Ùμ ÇÝã-áñ ˳éݳß÷áÃáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³.
ѳٳӳÛÝ»óÝ»É. ѳñÙ³ñí»É, ѳٳϻñå-
The army retreated in ~ ´³Ý³ÏÁ ³Ýϳñ·
í»É. »ÝóñÏí»É. ~ to the regulations ϳÝáÝ-
Ó¨áí ݳѳÝç»ó:
Ý»ñÇÝ/ÝáñÙ»ñÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ë˳ݻÉ. ~ to
fashion/the rules »ÝóñÏí»É Ùá¹³ÛÇÝ/ϳÝáÝ-
confutable [kən΄fju:təbl] a Ñ»ñù»ÉÇ:
Ý»ñÇÝ:
confutation [‚kɒnfju΄tei∫n] n Ñ»ñùáõÙ:
conformation [‚kɒnfɔ΄mei∫n] n Ï»ñïí³Íù, confute [kən΄fju:t] v Ñ»ñù»É:
congeal [kən΄dзi:l] v ë³é»É, å³Õ»É. ë³é»ó-
Ó¨, ϳéáõóí³Íù. ϳÝáÝÝ»ñÇÝ »ÝóñÏ-
Ý»É, å³Õ»óÝ»É. The blood ~ed/was ~ed
í»ÉÁ:
²ñÛáõÝÁ ٳϳñ¹í»ó:
conformity [kən΄fɔ:məti] n ѳٳå³ï³ë- congelation [‚kɒndзi΄lei∫n] n ë³éáõÙ,
˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. in ~ with... ѳٳӳÛÝ..£
ë³é»óáõÙ. óÝÓñ³óáõÙ. ٳϳñ¹áõÙ:
confound [kən΄faund] v ³åß»óÝ»É, ßßÙ»ó- congenial [kən΄dзi:niəl] a ÝÙ³Ý, Ùáï. ѳñ-
Ý»É. ˳éݳß÷áûÉ. be ~ed by the news Ýá-
Ù³ñ. μ³ñ»Ýå³ëï. ~ person ѳ׻ÉÇ ³ÝÓ-
ñáõÃÛáõÝÇó ³åß»É/ßßÙ»É. C~ it! ê³ï³Ý³Ý
ݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ work Ñ»ï³ùñùÇñ ³ß˳-
ï³ÝÇ°. C~ the man! ²Ý»Íù, ë³ï³Ý³Ý ï³-
ï³Ýù. a ~ climate μ³ñ»Ýå³ëï ÏÉÇÙ³:
congeniality 178 conky

congeniality [kən‚dзi:ni΄æləti] n ÁݹѳÝ- conical [kɒnikl] a ÏáݳϳÝ, ÏáݳÛÇÝ, Ïá-


ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ³½·³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ: ݳӨ:
congenital [kən΄dзenitl] a μݳÍÇÝ: conifer [΄kɒnifə] n ÷ß³ï»ñ¨ ͳé:
congeries [kɒn΄dзiəri:z] n ÏáõÛï, ½³Ý·í³Í: coniferous [kəu΄nifərəs] a ÷ß³ï»ñ¨:
congest [kən΄dзest] v ·»ñͳÝñ³μ»éÝ»É. ã³- conjectural [kən΄dзekt∫rəl] a »Ýó¹ñ³Ï³Ý:
÷Çó ß³ï ÉóÝ»É. Éóí»É. ËéÝí»É: conjecture [kən΄dзekt∫ə] n »Ýó¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ,
congested [kən΄dзestid] a ·»ñ(ͳÝñ³)- Ïé³ÑáõÙ:
μ»éÝí³Í, ·»ñμݳϻóí³Í. ~ streets (»ñè»- conjecture [kən΄dзekt∫ə] v »Ýó¹ñ»É, Ïé³-
ÏáõÃÛ³Ùμ) ·»ñ(ͳÝñ³)μ»éÝí³Í ÷áÕáó- Ñ»É. One can only ~ γñ»ÉÇ ¿ ÙdzÛÝ »Ýó¹-
Ý»ñ. a ~ area ·»ñμݳϻóí³Í ßñç³Ý: ñ»É:
congestion [kən΄dзest∫ən] n ·»ñμ»éÝí³Íáõ- conjoin [kən΄dзɔin] v ÙdzݳÉ, ÙdzóÝ»É:
ÃÛáõÝ, ·»ñμݳϻóí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. μÅßÏ. ³ñÛáõ- conjoint [kən΄dзɔint] a ÙdzóÛ³É, Ùdzíáñ-
ݳËéÝáõÙ: í³Í, ѳñ³ÏÇó:
conglomerate [kən΄glɒmərət] n μ»Ïáñ³ÛÇÝ conjugal [΄kɒndзugl] a ³ÙáõëݳϳÝ. ~
³å³ñ, ÏáÝ·ÉáÙ»ñ³ï: rights ³ÙáõëÝ³Ï³Ý Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñ:
conglomeration [kən‚glɒmə΄rei∫n] n Ùdz- conjugality [‚kɒndзu΄gæləti] n ³ÙáõëÝáõ-
ÓáõÉáõÙ, Ïáõï³ÏáõÙ, ÏáÝ·ÉáÙ»ñ³ï: ÃÛáõÝ:
congratulate [kən΄græt∫uleit] v ßÝáñѳíá- conjugate[΄kɒndзugət] a Ï»Ýë. Ùdzó³Í,
ñ»É. ~ on one’s marriage ³ÙáõëÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ½áõ·áñ¹í³Í. Ù³Ã. ½áõ·áñ¹í³Í. μëμ. ½áõÛ·.
ßÝáñѳíáñ»É: É»½í. ³½·³ÏÇó:
congratulation(s) [kən‚græt∫u΄lei∫n(s)] n conjugate [΄kɒndзugeit] v ù»ñ. ËáݳñÑ»É.
ßÝáñѳíáñáõÙ, ßÝáñѳíáñ³Ýù. My ~ on Ï»Ýë. ÙdzݳÉ, ½áõ·³íáñí»É£
your success ÞÝáñѳíáñ³ÝùÝ»ñë Ó»ñ ѳçá- conjugation [‚kɒndзu΄gei∫n] n ù»ñ. Ëáݳñ-
ÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³å³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ùμ. accept ~s ßÝáñ- ÑáõÙ. ÙdzóáõÙ:
ѳíáñ³ÝùÝ ÁݹáõÝ»É. C~ ! ÞÝáñѳíáñáõÙ conjunct [΄kɒndзΛŋkt] a ÙdzóÛ³É, Ùdzíáñ-
»Ù: í³Í:
congratulatory [kən‚græt∫u΄leitəri] a ßÝáñ- conjunction [kən΄dзΛŋk∫n] n ÙdzóáõÃÛáõÝ,
ѳíáñ³Ï³Ý: ѳñ³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ. ÙdzóáõÙ, ÙdzíáñáõÙ. ù»ñ.
congregate [΄kɒŋgrigeit] v ѳí³ù(í)»É, ϳå, ß³Õϳå. in ~ ÙdzëÇÝ. in ~ with him
Ïáõï³Ï(í)»É. ËéÝí»É: Ýñ³ Ñ»ï Ù»Ïï»Õ. The firms acted in ~
congregation [‚kɒŋgri΄gei∫n] n ѳí³ùáõÛÃ. üÇñٳݻñÁ ·áñÍáõÙ ¿ÇÝ ÙdzëÇÝ:
ѳٳÉë³ñ³Ý³Ï³Ý ËáñÑñ¹Ç ÅáÕáí (úùë- conjunctive [kən΄dзΛŋktiv] n, a ù»ñ. ëïá-
ýáñ¹, ø»ÙμñÇç). »Ï»Õ. Ùdzμ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ñ³¹³ë³Ï³Ý »Õ³Ý³Ï. ß³ÕϳåáÕ, ϳ-
ѳٳÛÝù: åáÕ. ýǽ. ß³ñ³Ïó³Ï³Ý (ÑÛáõëí³Íù):
congress [΄kɒŋgres] n ѳٳ·áõÙ³ñ. the conjuncture [kən΄dзΛŋkt∫ə] n ѳݷ³-
Congress ²ØÜ-Ç ÏáÝ·ñ»ëÁ. writers’/medical ~ Ù³ÝùÝ»ñÇ ½áõ·³¹ÇåáõÃÛáõÝ. Çñ³¹ñáõ-
·ñáÕÝ»ñÇ/μÅÇßÏÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³·áõÙ³ñ: ÃÛáõÝ, ÏáÝÛáõÝÏïáõñ³:
congressional [kən΄gre∫nəl] a ÏáÝ·ñ»ëÇÝ conjure [΄kΛndзə] v ³×å³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ
í»ñ³μ»ñáÕ. ÁÝïñ³Ï³Ý: ³Ý»É. ýáÏáõëÝ»ñ óáõÛó ï³É. ÷Ëμ. ϳ˳ñ-
Congressman [΄kɒŋgresmən] n ²ØÜ-Ç ¹»É, ÑÙ³Û»É, ¹ÛáõûÉ. ~ away á·ÇÝ»ñÇÝ ùß»É.
ÏáÝ·ñ»ëÇ ³Ý¹³Ù: ~ up ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç í»ñ³å³Ñ»É:
congruence [΄kɒŋgruəns] n ѳٳå³ï³ë- conjurer/or [΄kΛndзərə] n Ó»éݳÍáõ, ³×-
˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳٳӳÛÝ»óáõÙ: å³ñ³ñ. ϳ˳ñ¹, íÑáõÏ. He is no ~ γ-
congruent [΄kɒŋgruənt] a ѳٳå³ï³ë- ˳ñ¹»ÉÁ Ýñ³ μ³ÝÁ ã¿:
˳Ý, Ý»ñ¹³ßݳÏ: conk [kɒŋk] n ËëÏó. ùÇÃ. ß³ñÅÇãÇ ³Ýϳ-
congruous [΄kɒŋgruəs] a ѳٳå³ï³ë- ÝáÝ ³ß˳ï³Ýù. ~ out ÷ã³Ý³É, ß³ñùÇó
˳ÝáÕ, ѳÙÁÝÏÝáÕ. ϳå³Ïóí³Í: ¹áõñë ·³É:
conic [΄kɒnik] (ݳ¨ª conical) a ÏáݳϳÝ, conky [kɒŋki] a ËëÏó. Ù»Í ùóÝÇ, ٻͳ-
ÏáݳÛÇÝ, ÏáݳӨ: ùÇÃ:
connate 179 consensus

connate [΄kɒneit] a μݳÍÇÝ. ÙÇ³Å³Ù³Ý³Ï good/clear, clean ~ Ù³ùáõñ ËÇÕ×. bad/guilty ~


ÍÝí³Í/ͳ·³Í: ³ÝÙ³ùáõñ ËÇÕ×. a matter/case of ~ ËÕ×Ç
connatural [kə΄næt∫rəl] a μݳÍÇÝ, ÝÙ³Ý, ·áñÍ ¿. liberty of ~ ËÕ×Ç ³½³ïáõÃÛáõÝ. have
ÙdzÝÙ³Ý: smth on one’s ~ ËÕ×Ç íñ³ ͳÝñ³ó³Í ÉÇÝ»É.
connect [kə΄nekt] v ÙdzóÝ»É, ÙdzݳÉ. have the ~ ѳݹ·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ. in all ~
ϳå/í/»É. ~ the gas/telephone/electricity ·³- ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ ³ë³Í. Ó»éùÁ ËÕ×ÇÝ ¹ñ³Í. His ~
½Á/Ñ»é³ËáëÁ/¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ùdzó- bothered/troubled him ÊÇÕ×Á ï³ÝçáõÙ ¿ñ
Ý»É. The new road ~s these towns Üáñ ׳ݳ- Ýñ³Ý. Get it off your ~ ÊÇÕ×¹ ³½³ïÇñ/
å³ñÑÁ ÙdzóÝáõÙ ¿ ³Ûë ù³Õ³ùÝ»ñÁ. ~ed by Ù³ùñÇñ:
marriage ³ÙáõëÝáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇçáóáí Ó»éù conscientious [‚kɒn∫i΄en∫əs] a ËÕ×áí,
μ»ñí³Í (μ³ñ»Ï³ÙÝ»ñ/ËݳÙÇÝ»ñ)£ ËÕ×Ùï³Ýùáí. μ³ñ»ËÇÕ×, ·Çï³Ïó³Ï³Ý.
connected [kə΄nektid] a Ùdzóñ³Í, Ùdzó- a ~ worker/piece of work μ³ñ»ËÇÕ× ³ß˳-
í³Í, ϳåí³Í. well ~ Ù»Í Ï³å»ñ áõÝ»óáÕ: ïáÕ, μ³ñ»ËÕ×áñ»Ý ϳï³ñí³Í ³ß˳-
connection [kə΄nek∫n] n ϳå, ѳñ³μ»ñáõ- ï³Ýù:
ÃÛáõÝ, ÏóáõÙ. in this ~ ³Ûë ϳå³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ùμ. conscious [΄kɒn∫əs] a ·Çï³ÏóáÕ, ·Çï³-
in ~ with ϳå³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ùμ. a casual ~ å³ï- ÏÇó. a ~ effort ·Çï³Ïóí³Í ×Ç·»ñ. ~ choice
·Çï³Ïóí³Í ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝ. be/become ~ ·Ç-
׳é³Ï³Ý ϳå. a loose ~ ÃáõÛÉ Ï³å. The
ï³Ïó»É. be ~ of one’s guilt Ù»ÕùÁ ·Çï³Ïó»É.
buses run in ~ with the trains ²íïáμáõëÝ»ñÇ ¨
(½·³É) be ~ of ( a scent) gas ·³½Ç Ñáï ½·³É.
·Ý³óùÝ»ñÇ ãí³óáõó³ÏÝ»ñÁ ѳٳӳÛÝ»ó-
be ~ of discomfort ³ÝѳñÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ½·³É.
í³Í »Ý. ~s ϳå»ñ. have good business ~s ɳí
become ~ of a pain ó³í ½·³É. ~ to the last
·áͳñ³ñ ϳå»ñ áõݻݳÉ. family ~s ³½·³-
μÅßÏ. ÙÇÝ㨠í»ñçÇÝ í³ÛñÏÛ³ÝÁ ·Çï³Ï-
ϳÝÝ»ñ:
óáõÃÛáõÝÁ å³Ñå³Ý»É:
connective [kə΄nektiv] 1. n ù»ñ. ϳå, ϳ- consciously [΄kɒn∫əsli] adv ·Çï³Ïóáñ»Ý:
å³ÏóáÕ Ù³ëÝÇÏ. 2. a ϳåáÕ, ß³ÕϳåáÕ:
connivance [kə΄naivns] n ÃáÕïíáõÃÛáõÝ, consciousness [΄kɒn∫əsnəs] n ·Çï³Ïóáõ-
ÃÛáõÝ, ÁÙμéÝáõÙ, loose/recover, regain~ ·Ç-
Ý»ñáÕ³ÙïáõÃÛáõÝ: with the ~ of ÃáÕïíáõ-
ï³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÏáñóÝ»É. ·Çï³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý/
ÃÛ³Ùμ:
áõßùÇ ·³É. class ~ ¹³ë³Ï³ñ·³ÛÇÝ ÇÝùݳ-
connive [kə΄naiv] v Ù³ïÝ»ñÇ ³ñ³Ýùáí ·Çï³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ:
ݳۻÉ. ã³ñ·»É»É. ~ at smth ³ãù»ñÁ ÷³Ï»É:
conscript [΄kɒnskript] n ½ÇÝíáñ³Ï³Ý
connoisseur [kɒnə΄sə:] n ·Çï³Ï. a ~ of lit- ͳé³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³Ýãí³Í ³ÝÓ. ½áñ³ÏáãÇÏ.
erature/wine ·ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ·Çï³Ï. ·ÇÝáõ
conscript [kən΄skript] v ½áñ³Ïáã»É:
³ñÅ»ùÝ ÇÙ³óáÕ/·Ý³Ñ³ïáÕ:
conscription [kən΄skrip∫n] n ½ÇÝíáñ³Ï³Ý
connotation [‚kɒnə΄tei∫n] n (μ³éÇ) Éñ³- ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ. ÁݹѳÝáõñ ½Çݳå³ñ-
óáõóÇã ÇÙ³ëï: ïáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ age ½áñ³ÏáãÇ ï³ñÇù:
connote [kə΄nəut] v Éñ³óáõóÇã ÇÙ³ëï consecrate [΄kɒnsikreit] v ÝíÇñ»É,
áõÝ»Ý³É (μ³éÇ, ÷³ëï»ñÇ): ÝíÇñ³μ»ñ»É. ÓáÝ»É:
connubial [kə΄nju:biəl] a ³ÙáõëݳϳÝ: consecrated [΄kɒnsikreitid] a ÝíÇñí³Í,
conquer [΄kɒŋkə] v ѳÕûÉ. Ýí³×»É. ïÇñ»É. ÝíÇñ³μ»ñí³Í, ÓáÝí³Í:
½ëå»É (½·³óÙáõÝùÝ»ñÁ, ó³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»- consecration [‚kɒnsi΄krei∫n] n ÝíÇñáõÙ,
ñÁ): ÝíÇñ³μ»ñáõÙ, ÓáÝáõÙ:
conqueror [΄kɒŋkərə] n ѳÕÃáÕ, Ýí³×áÕ. consecution [‚kɒnsi΄kju:∫n] n ѳçáñ¹³-
Ùñ½. í×é³Ï³Ý ˳Õ: ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ, Ñ»ï¨áճϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ù»ñ. ѳ-
conquest [΄kɒŋkwest] n Ýí³×áõÙ, ѳÕó- çáñ¹³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
ݳÏ. the ~ of Everest ¾í»ñ»ëïÇ Ýí³×áõÙÁ: consecutive [kən΄sekjutiv] a ѳçáñ¹³Ï³Ý,
consanguineous [‚kɒnsæŋ΄gwiniəs] a ³ñ- Ñ»ï¨áճϳÝ. Çñ³ñ Ñ»ï¨Çó, ѳçáñ¹³-
ÛáõݳÏó³Ï³Ý: μ³ñ. four days ~ 4 ûñ ѳçáñ¹³μ³ñ:
consanguinity [‚kɒnsæŋ΄gwinəti] n ³ñÛáõ- consecutively [kən΄sekjutivli] adv ѳçáñ-
ݳÏóáõÃÛáõÝ, ³½·³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ: ¹³μ³ñ:
conscience [΄kɒn∫ns] n ËÇÕ×, ËÕ×Ùï³Ýù. consensus [kən΄sensəs] n ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ,
consent 180 consist

Ý»ñ¹³ßݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ of opinions ϳñÍÇù- Ù³ëÝ Ùï³Í»É ³Û¹ Ù³ëÇÝ. He wouldn’t ~ it for


Ý»ñÇ ÙdzӳÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ/ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ: a moment ܳ ³Û¹ Ù³ëÇÝ ã¿ñ ¿É Ùï³ÍÇ. ~ smn
consent [kən΄sent] 1. n ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ, for a post å³ßïáÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ûÏݳÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ
ÃáõÛÉïíáõÃÛáõÝ. by common/tacit ~ Áݹѳ- ùÝݳñÏ»É. Let me ~ a little ÂáõÛÉ ïí»ù Ùï³-
Ýáõñ/Éáõé ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ. mutual ~ ÷á- Í»Ù. (ѳßíÇ ³éÝ»É, ÝϳïÇ áõݻݳÉ) ~ the
˳¹³ñÓ Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ. prior ~ ݳË- feelings of others áõñÇßÝ»ñÇ ½·³óÙáõÝùÝ»ñÁ
Ý³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ. win smb’s ~ ѳ- ѳßíÇ ³éÝ»É. all things ~ed ѳßíÇ ³éÝ»-
Ù³Ó³ÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ëÝ»É/ëï³Ý³É. give one’s Éáí/ÝϳïÇ áõݻݳÉáí ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã:
~ ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ï³É. 2. v ~ (to) considerable [kən΄sidərəbl] a Ý߳ݳϳÉÇ,
ѳٳӳÛÝí»É: μ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷, ½·³ÉÇ. a ~ income ½·³ÉÇ
consequence [΄kɒnsikwəns] n ѻ勉Ýù. in »Ï³Ùáõï. ~ difficulty ½·³ÉÇ ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝ-
~ of ѻ勉Ýùáí. take the ~s å³ï³ë˳ݳ- Ý»ñ. Their number is ~ ø³Ý³ÏÁ μ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ
ïáõ ÉÇÝ»É Ñ»ï¨³ÝùÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. fear ~s Ñ»- Ù»Í ¿. have ~ doubts ËÇëï ϳëϳÍÝ»ñ áõ-
勉ÝùÝ»ñÇó í³Ë»Ý³É. (ϳñ¨áñáõÃÛáõÝ) ݻݳÉ:
It’s of ~/no ~ ¸³ ϳñ¨áñ ¿. àã ÙÇ Ï³- considerably [kən΄sidərəbli] adv Ý߳ݳϳ-
ñ¨áñáõÃÛáõÝ ãáõÝÇ. regardless of the ~ ³ÝÏ³Ë ÉÇáñ»Ý, ß³ï:
ѻ勉ÝùÝ»ñÇó. a man of some ~ ³½¹»óÇÏ considerate [kən΄sidərət] a ù³Õ³ù³í³ñÇ,
¹»Ùù, ϳñ¨áñ ³ÝÓ. as a ~ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ: Ýñμ³½·³ó, áõß³¹Çñ. be ~ of/to/towards oth-
consequent [΄kɒnsikwənt] 1. a ѳçáñ- ers áõß³¹Çñ ÉÇÝ»É áõñÇßÝ»ñÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ:
¹³Ï³Ý, Ñ»ï¨áճϳÝ, ѳçáñ¹áÕ. 2. n ~ consideration [kən‚sidə΄rei∫n] n ùÝÝáõÙ,
on/upon Ñ»ï¨Çó »ÏáÕ, ѳçáñ¹áÕ. ùÝݳñÏáõÙ. ¹³ïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. under ~ ùÝݳñÏ-
consequential [‚kɒnsi΄kwen∫l] a ѻ勉Ý- íáÕ. take into ~ ѳßíÇ ³éÝ»É, ÝϳïÇ áõÝ»-
ù³ÛÇÝ. ~ damage ³ÝáõÕÕ³ÏÇ íݳë: ݳÉ. leave out of ~ ѳßíÇ ã³éÝ»É. ³ãù³ÃáÕ
consequently [΄kɒnsikwəntli] adv ѻ勉- ³Ý»É. without due/further ~ ³é³Ýó Éáõñç/Ñ»-
μ³ñ, ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ. áõëïÇ: ï³·³ ùÝݳñÏÙ³Ý. in ~ of ÝϳïÇ áõݻݳ-
conservation [‚kɒnsə΄wei∫n] n å³Ñå³- Éáí, ѳßíÇ ³éÝ»Éáí. give serious ~ Éáõñç
ÝáõÙ, å³ÑáõÙ. å³ßïå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. å³Ñ³Íá ùÝݳñÏ»É. valuable ~ å³ïß³× μ³í³ñ³-
å³ïñ³ëï»ÉÁ. nature ~ μݳå³Ñå³ÝáõÙ. ~ ñáõÙ. áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳñ·³Ýù of ~ ѳñ-
area ³ñ·»É³Ýáó, ³ñ·»É³·áïÇ: ·³Ýù í³Û»ÉáÕ, ³Ï³Ý³íáñ. show ~ for smb
conservationists [‚kɒnsə΄wei∫nists] n μݳ- áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ óáõó³μ»ñ»É. (Ýϳï³éáõÙ,
å³Ñå³ÝÝ»ñ: ϳñÍÇù, ·áñÍáÝ) on no ~ áã ÙÇ ¹»åùáõÙ. fi-
conservative [kən΄sə:vətiv] 1. n å³Ñå³Ýá- nancial/diplomatic ~s ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý/¹Çí³Ý³-
ճϳÝ. ã³÷³íáñ. go ~ å³Ñå³ÝáÕ³Ï³Ý ·Çï³Ï³Ý Ýϳï³éáõÙÝ»ñ. Time is an im-
¹³éݳÉ. 2. a å³Ñå³ÝáճϳÝ, 黳ÏóÇáÝ. portant ~ ijٳݳÏÁ ϳñ¨áñ ·áñÍáÝ ¿:
ã³÷³íáñ. at a ~ estimate ѳٻëï ѳß- considering [kən΄sidəriŋ] prep ѳßíÇ ³é-
í³ñÏÝ»ñáí: Ý»Éáí, ÝϳïÇ áõݻݳÉáí. ~ his age ѳßíÇ
conservatoire [kən΄sə:vətwa:] n ÏáÝë»ñí³- ³éÝ»Éáí Ýñ³ ï³ñÇùÁ:
ïáñdz: consign [kən΄sain] v ѳÝÓÝ»É, ѳÝÓݳñ³-
conservator [kən΄sə:vətə] n å³Ñ³å³Ý, ñ»É. The child was ~ed to the care of his uncle
ËݳٳϳÉ. å³Ñå³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý í³ñãáõÃÛ³Ý ºñ»Ë³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ÝÓÝ»É ¿ÇÝ ù»éáõ ËݳÙùÇÝ.
³ß˳ï³ÏÇó: (³åñ³Ýù ³é³ù»É) ~ goods by sea Íáíáí
conservatory [kən΄sə:vətri] n ç»ñÙáó, ͳÕ- ³åñ³Ýù ³é³ù»É. ~ the project to oblivion
ϳç»ñÙáó. ³Ù. ÏáÝë»ñí³ïáñdz: ݳ˳·ÇÍÁ Ùáé³óáõÃÛ³Ý ï³É:
conserve [kən΄sə:v] n ß³ù³ñ³Í ÙÇñ·. Ùáõ- consignee [‚kɒnsai΄ni:] n μ»éÝÁÝϳÉ, ³å-
ñ³μ³. ~ one’s strength áõÅ»ñÁ å³Ñå³Ý»É: ñ³Ýù ëï³óáÕ, ³åñ³Ýù³éáõ:
consider [kən΄sidə] v ѳٳñ»É, ùÝݳñÏ»É. ~ consignment [kən΄sainmənt] n μ»é, ³å-
important ϳñ¨áñ ѳٳñ»É. He is ~ed a bril- ñ³Ýù. ³åñ³ÝùÇ ³é³ùáõÙ. a ~ of goods
liant doctor ܳ ÷³ÛÉáõÝ μÅÇßÏ ¿ ѳٳñíáõÙ. ³åñ³ÝùÇ ÙÇ ËÙμ³ù³Ý³Ï:
(Ùï³Í»É, ËáñÑ»É) ~ a problem ËáñÑ»É consist [kən΄sist] v μ³ÕϳݳÉ, μ³Õϳó³Í
ѳñóÇ ßáõñçÁ. ~ the matter carefully Ù³Ýñ³- ÉÇÝ»É. å³ñáõݳϻÉ. The group ~s of five
consistence 181 constitute

members ÊáõÙμÁ μ³Õϳó³Í ¿ ÑÇÝ· ³Ý- tie í³é/ áõß³·ñ³í ÷áÕϳå. ~ because of his
¹³ÙÝ»ñÇó. The difficulty ~s in... ´³ñ¹áõ- height ѳë³Ïáí ³ãùÇ ÁÝÏÝ»É. ~ place Ýϳ-
ÃÛáõÝÁ ϳ۳ÝáõÙ ¿ Ýñ³ÝáõÙ..£ ï»ÉÇ/³ãùÇ ÁÝÏÝáÕ ï»Õ£
consistence [kən΄sistəns] n ϳ½ÙáõÃÛáõÝ, conspicuously [kən΄spikjuəsli] adv dress ~
ËïáõÃÛáõÝ (ÝÛáõÃÇ). ËïáõÃÛ³Ý ³ëïÇ׳Ý: ³ãùÇ ½³ñÝáÕ Ó¨áí ѳ·Ýí»É. behave ~ Ç
consistency [kən΄sistənsi] n ѳٳϳ½Ù- óáõÛó ¹Ý»É:
í³Íù, ϳ½ÙáõÃÛáõÝ, ËïáõÃÛáõÝ. ÷Ëμ. Ñ»- conspiracy [kən΄spirəsi] n ·³ÕïÝÇáõÃÛáõÝ,
ï¨áճϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ϳÛáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ. pouring ¹³í³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ of silence ÉéáõÃÛ³Ý ¹³-
~ Ñ»ÕáõÏ íÇ׳Ï: í³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
consistent [kən΄sistənt] a Ñ»ï¨áճϳÝ. conspirator [kən΄spirətə] n ¹³í³¹Çñ:
ϳÛáõÝ. ѳٳï»Õ»ÉÇ. be not ~ Ñ»ï¨áÕ³- conspire [kən΄spaiə] v ¹³í³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³½-
Ï³Ý ãÉÇÝ»É. This is not ~ with what you said Ù»É. ~ against smb/with smb ¹³í³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ
yesterday ê³ Ñ³Ù³ï»Õ»ÉÇ ã¿ ³ÛÝ μ³ÝÇ Ù»ÏÇ ¹»Ù/Ù»ÏÇ Ñ»ï Ù»Ïï»Õ Events seemed
Ñ»ï, ÇÝã ¹áõù »ñ»Ï ³ë³óÇù: to ~ against me ÂíáõÙ ¿` ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã ÇÙ ¹»Ù ¿
consistently [kən΄sistəntli] adv Ñ»ï¨á- áõÕÕí³Í:
ճϳÝáñ»Ý. ϳÛáõÝ Ï»ñåáí. Ùßï³å»ë. He constable [΄kΛnstəbl] n áëïÇϳÝ. chief ~
has ~ refused that job ܳ Ùßï³å»ë Ññ³Å³ñ- áëïÇϳݳå»ï:
í»É ¿ ³Û¹ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇó: constabulary [kən΄stæbjuləri] n áëïÇϳ-
consolation [‚kɒnsə΄lei∫n] n ÙËÇóñáõ- ÝáõÃÛáõÝ£
ÃÛáõÝ, ë÷á÷³Ýù. ~ prize “ë÷á÷Çã” Ùñó³- constancy [΄kɒnstənsi] n ѳí³ï³ñÙáõ-
ݳÏ: ÃÛáõÝ, ϳÛáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ of purpose Ýå³-
consolatory [kən΄sɒlətəri] a ÙËÇóñ³Ï³Ý, ï³ÏÇ Ñ³ëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝ:
ë÷á÷Çã: constant [΄kɒnstənt] n Ù³Ã., ýǽ. ѳëï³-
console [΄kɒnsəul] n ×ñï. μ³ñÓ³Ï. ~ mirror ïáõÝ Ù»ÍáõÃÛáõÝ:
áñÙݳѳۻÉÇ, ïñÛáõÙá: constant [΄kɒnstənt] a Ùßï³Ï³Ý, ѳëï³-
console [kən΄səul] v ÙËÇóñ»É, ë÷á÷»É: ïáõÝ, ϳÛáõÝ. a ~ visitor/friend Ùßï³Ï³Ý ³Û-
consolidate [kən΄sɒlideit] v ³Ùñ³óÝ»É, ³Ù- ó»Éáõ. ѳëï³ïáõÝ ÁÝÏ»ñ. ~ rain ³Ý¹³-
ñ³Ý³É. ~ one’s position/influence ³Ùñ³óÝ»É ¹³ñ/³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï ³ÝÓñ¨. ~ current ѳëï³-
¹ÇñùÁ/³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝÁ: ïáõÝ Ñáë³Ýù. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ area ѳëï³ïáõÝ-
consolidated [kən΄sɒlideitid] a Ùdzíáñ- Ý»ñÇ ïÇñáõÛÃ. ~ declaration ѳëï³ïáõÝÇ
í³Í. ѳëï³ïáõݳó³Í. ³Ù÷á÷í³Í. ~ in- ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ storage ѳëï³ïáõÝ
formation ³Ù÷á÷í³Í ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝ:
consolidation [kən‚sɒli΄dei∫n] n ³Ùñ³óáõÙ. constantly [΄kɒnstəntli] adv Ùßï³å»ë, ß³-
ÙdzíáñáõÙ. ÓáõÉáõÙ. land ~ ÑáÕ³Ù³ë»ñÇ ñáõݳÏ, ѳ׳˳ÏÇ:
ٻͳóáõÙ, ÙdzíáñáõÙ: constellation [‚kɒnstə΄lei∫n] n ѳٳëï»-
consomme [kɒn΄sɒmei] n ³ñ·³Ý³Ï, Ùë³- ÕáõÃÛáõÝ:
çáõñ, μáõÉÛáÝ: consternation [‚kɒnstə΄nei∫n] n ë³ñë³÷,
consonance [΄kɒnsənəns] n Ý»ñ¹³ßݳÏáõ- ³Ñ. in ~ ë³ñë³÷Ç Ù»ç. general ~ ѳÙÁݹ-
ÃÛáõÝ. »ñÅß. ѳٳÑÝãáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ÷Ëμ. ѳ- ѳÝáõñ ë³ñë³÷:
Ù³Ó³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳٻñ³ßËáõÃÛáõÝ. in ~ with constipation [‚kɒnsti΄pei∫n] n μÅßÏ. ÷áñ-
ѳٻñ³ßË: ϳåáõÃÛáõÝ. suffer from ~ ÷áñϳåáõÃÛ³Ùμ
consonant [΄kɒnsənənt] n, a ù»ñ. μ³Õ³- ï³é³å»É:
Ó³ÛÝ ÑÝãÛáõÝ. ѳٳӳÛÝ, ѳÙÁÝÏÝáÕ, Ý»ñ- constituency [kən΄stitjuənsi] n ÁÝïñáÕÝ»ñ,
¹³ßݳÏ: ÁÝïñ³Ë³í, ÁÝïñ³ï³ñ³Íù. ѳ׳Ëáñ¹-
consort [΄kɒnsɔ:t] n ³ÙáõëÇÝ. prince ~ Çß- Ý»ñ, μ³Å³Ýáñ¹Ý»ñ:
ËáÕ Ã³·áõÑáõ ³ÙáõëÇÝÁ£ constituent [kən΄stitjuənt] n μ³Õ³¹ñÇã
consort [kən΄sɔ:t] v ~ with ß÷í»É, áõÕ»Ïó»É: Ù³ë. ùÕù. ÁÝïñáÕ:
conspicuous [kən΄spikjuəs] a Ýϳï»ÉÇ, constituent [kən΄stitjuənt] a μ³Õ³¹ñÇã. a ~
³ãùÇ ÁÝÏÝáÕ, ó³ÛïáõÝ. He is ~ by his ab- assembly ù³Õ. ë³Ñٳݳ¹Çñ ÅáÕáí:
sence Üñ³ μ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ýϳï»ÉÇ ¿. a ~ constitute [΄kɒnstitju:t] v Ý߳ݳϻÉ. ÑÇÙÝ»É,
constitution I 182 consummation

ѳëï³ï»É. ϳ½Ù»É. ~a committee ÏáÙÇï» constructive [kən΄strΛktiv] a ßÇݳñ³ñ³-


ÑÇÙÝ»É. He was ~d adviser Üñ³Ý Ý߳ݳϻóÇÝ Ï³Ý, ϳéáõóáճϳÝ. ëï»Õͳ·áñͳϳÝ,
ËáñÑñ¹³ïáõ. ~a precedent ݳ˳¹»å ëï»Õͳñ³ñ:
ëï»ÕÍ»É. Terrorism ~s a serious threat ²Ñ³- constructor [kən΄strΛktə] n ßÇݳñ³ñ, ϳ-
μ»ÏãáõÃÛáõÝÁ Éáõñç íï³Ý· ¿ ëå³éÝáõÙ: éáõóáÕ. ÏáÝëïñáõÏïáñ. ÇÝŻݻñ ݳí³ßÇ-
constitution I [‚kɒnsti΄tju:∫n] n Ù³ñÙÝÇ Ý³ñ³ñ:
ϳ½Ùí³Íù, Ï»ñïí³Íù, ϳ½ÙáõÃÛáõÝ. construe [kən΄stru:] v Ù»Ïݳμ³Ý»É, μ³-
ϳ½Ù. have a strong ~ ³Ùáõñ ϳ½Ùí³Íù ó³ïñ»É. ~ a sentence ß³ñ³ÑÛáõë³Ï³Ý í»ñ-
áõݻݳÉ: ÉáõÍáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³ï³ñ»É:
constitution II [‚kɒnsti΄tju:∫n] n ë³ÑÙ³- consul [΄kɒnsl] n ÑÛáõå³ïáë, ÏáÝëáõÉ. ~ gen-
ݳ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ: eral ·É˳íáñ ÑÛáõå³ïáë.
constitutional [‚kɒnsti΄tju:∫nəl] n ë³ÑÙ³- consular [΄kɒnsjulə] a ÑÛáõå³ïáë³Ï³Ý,
ݳ¹ñ³Ï³Ý. ~ court ë³Ñٳݳ¹ñ³Ï³Ý ¹³-
ÏáÝëáõɳϳÝ:
ï³ñ³Ý:
consulate [΄kɒnsjulət] n ÑÛáõå³ïáëáõÃÛáõÝ:
constitutionally [‚kɒnsti΄tju:∫nəli] adv consult [kən΄sΛlt] v ËáñÑñ¹³Ïó»É. ~ a doc-
ûñ·³Ý³å»ë. be ~ delicate Ýáõñμ ϳéáõó-
tor/lawyer ËáñÑñ¹³Ïó»É μÅßÏÇ/Çñ³í³μ³ÝÇ
í³Íù áõݻݳÉ:
Ñ»ï. (ï»Õ»Ï³Ý³É) ~ a dictionary/one’s diary
constitutive [kən΄stitjutiv] a ë³Ñٳݳ¹Çñ.
μ³é³ñ³ÝáõÙ ÷Ýïñ»É. ûñ³óáõÛóáí ×ßï»É.
μ³Õ³¹ñÇã:
~ the watch/the map ųٳóáõÛóáí/ù³ñï»-
constitutor [΄kɒnstitju:tə] n ë³Ñٳݳ¹ñáÕ,
½áí ëïáõ·»É. (ѳßíÇ ³éÝ»l) ~ smb’s inter-
ÑÇÙÝáÕ, ÑÇÙݳ¹Çñ:
constrain [kən΄strein] v ѳñϳ¹ñ»É, ëïÇ- ests ѳßíÇ ³éÝ»É ß³Ñ»ñÁ/Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõ-
å»É. feel ~ed to intervene ëïÇåí³Í ÉÇÝ»É ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ:
ÙÇç³Ùï»Éáõ: consultant [kən΄sΛltənt] n ËáñÑñ¹³ïáõ,
constrained [kən΄streind] a ѳñϳ¹ñí³Í, ËáñÑñ¹³ïáõ μÅÇßÏ:
ϳßϳݹí³Í: consultation [‚kɒnsl΄tei∫n] n ËáñÑñ¹³-
constrainedly [kən΄streindli] adv ѳñϳ- ïíáõÃÛáõÝ, ËáñÑñ¹³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ. after some ~
¹ñí³Í, ɳñí³ÍáõÃÛ³Ùμ: ËáñÑñ¹³Ïó»Éáõó Ñ»ïá:
constraint [kən΄streint] n ѳñϳ¹ñ³Ýù, consultative [kən΄sΛltətiv] a ËáñÑñ¹³Ïó³-
×ÝßáõÙ. ɳñí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. under ~ ѳñϳ- ϳÝ. a ~ committee ËáñÑñ¹³Ïó³Ï³Ý ѳÝÓ-
¹ñí³Í. ×ÝßÙ³Ý ï³Ï. feel ~ ×Ýßí³Í/ɳñáõ٠ݳÅáÕáí:
½·³É: consulting [kən΄sΛltiŋ] a ËáñÑñ¹³Ïó³Ï³Ý,
constrict [kən΄strikt] v ë»ÕÙ»É, ×Ýß»É: ËáñÑáõñ¹ ïíáÕ, ËáñÑñ¹³ïí³Ï³Ý. μÅßÏ.
constricted [kən΄striktid] a ×Ýßí³Í, Ý»Õ- μáõÅáÕ. ~ hours/room ÁݹáõÝ»ÉáõÃÛ³Ý Å³-
í³Í: Ù»ñ. μÅßÏÇ ë»ÝÛ³Ï:
constriction [kən΄strik∫n] n ë»ÕÙáõÙ, consume [kən΄sju:m] v ëå³é»É, ͳËë»É,
×ÝßáõÙ: ·áñͳͻÉ. All the papers were ~d by the fire
constrictor [kən΄striktə] n ϻݹ. íÇß³å ûÓ. Îñ³ÏÁ áãÝã³óñ»ó (ɳ÷»ó) μáÉáñ ÷³ëï³-
ϽÙË. ÏÍÏíáÕ ÙϳÝ: ÃÕûñÁ. be ~d by the curiosity Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõ-
construct [kən΄strΛkt] v ϳéáõó»É, ßÇÝ»É, ÃÛáõÝÇó ³Ûñí»É:
ëï»ÕÍ»É. ~ a building/theory ß»Ýù ϳéáõó»É. consumer [kən΄sju:mə] n ëå³éáÕ. ɳÛÝ
ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ ëï»ÕÍ»É/Ù߳ϻÉ. ~ an argument ëå³éÙ³Ý. ~ credit ëå³éáÕ³Ï³Ý í³ñÏ. ~
÷³ëï³ñÏÝ»ñ μ»ñ»É: goods ɳÛÝ ëå³éÙ³Ý ³é³ñϳݻñ. ~ pro-
construction [kən΄strΛk∫n] n ßÇݳñ³ñáõ- tection ëå³éáÕÝ»ñÇ Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇ å³ßï-
ÃÛáõÝ, ϳéáõóáõÙ. ßÇÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ϳéáõóí³Íù. å³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
ù»ñ. ݳ˳¹³ëáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³éáõóí³Íù. under consummate [kən΄sΛmət] a ϳï³ñÛ³É,
~ ϳéáõóíáÕ. on the process of ~ ϳéáõóÙ³Ý ÉñÇí, Édzí³ñï. ~ skill/taste ϳï³ñÛ³É
åñáó»ëáõÙ/ÁÝóóùáõÙ: í³ñå»ïáõÃÛáõÝ. ·»ñ³½³Ýó ׳߳Ï:
constructional [kən΄strΛk∫nəl] a ϳéáõó- consummation [‚kɒnsə΄mei∫n] n ³í³ñ-
í³Íù³ÛÇÝ: ïáõÙ, ϳï³ñáõÙ. Çñ³·áñÍáõÙ, Çñ³Ï³Ý³-
consumption 183 content

óáõÙ. the ~ of a life’s work ÏÛ³ÝùÇ ·áñÍÇ Ùïù»ñÇ Ù»ç Ëáñ³ëáõ½í»É. be in ~ Íñ³-
³í³ñïáõÙÁ: ·ñí»É:
consumption [kən΄sΛmp∫n] n ëå³éáõÙ, contemplative [kən΄templətiv] a ѳۻóá-
ͳËëáõÙ. μÅßÏ. Ãáù³Ëï, å³É³ñ³Ëï. ~ ճϳÝ, ¹ÇïáճϳÝ:
of beer ·³ñ»çñÇ ëå³éáõÙÁ. petrol ~ μ»Ý- contemporaneity [kən‚tempərə΄ni:əti] n
½ÇÝÇ û·ï³·áñÍáõÙÁ. not fit for human ~ áñ- ÙdzųٳݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ųٳݳϳÏóáõ-
å»ë ëÝݹ³Ùûñù áã åÇï³ÝÇ. ËëÏó. áõï»- ÃÛáõÝ:
Éáõ μ³Ý ãÇ. per capita ~ μݳÏãáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»Ï contemporaneous [kən‚tempə΄reiniəs] a
ßÝãÇÝ ÁÝÏÝáÕ ëå³éáõÙ: ųٳݳϳÏÇó, ÙdzųٳݳÏ. ѳٳ-
consumptive [kən΄sΛmptiv] a Ãáù³Ëï³- ųٳݳÏÛ³:
ÛÇÝ, ÑÛáõÍáÕ, Ù³ßáÕ: contemporar/y [kən΄temprəri] n ųٳݳ-
contact [΄kɒntækt] n ß÷áõÙ, ÑåáõÙ, ϳå. ¿É. ϳÏÇó, ѳë³Ï³Ï³ÏÇó. My friend and I are
ÙdzóáõÙ. establish/maintain ~ ϳå ѳëï³- ~ies ÀÝÏ»ñë ¨ »ë ѳë³Ï³ÏÇóÝ»ñ »Ýù:
ï»É/å³Ñå³Ý»É be in ~ ϳåÇ Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É. contemporary [kən΄temprəri] a ųٳݳ-
come into ~ ß÷Ù³Ý Ù»ç ÙïÝ»É. make ~ ϳå ϳÏÇó, ³ñ¹Ç. ~ art society/writers ųٳ-
ѳëï³ï»É. break ~ ³Ýç³ï»É. ~ points ³í- ݳϳÏÇó ³ñí»ëï/ѳë³ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ/·ñáÕ-
ïá. ÏáÝï³ÏïÝ»ñ ~ lenses ÏáÝï³Ïï³ÛÇÝ Ý»ñ:
áëåÝÛ³ÏÝ»ñ. business ~ ·áñͳñ³ñ ϳå»ñ. contempt [kən΄tempt] n ³ñѳٳñѳÝù,
I’ll be in ~ with you ºë Ïϳåí»Ù Ó»½ Ñ»ï: ³ñѳٳñÑ³Ï³Ý í»ñ³μ»ñÙáõÝù. ³Ý³ñ-
contact [΄kɒntækt] v ß÷í»É, ϳå ѳëï³- ·³Ýù, íÇñ³íáñ³Ýù. ~ for smth ³ñѳٳñ-
ï»É, ϳåí»É. When and where can I ~ him? ѳÝù ÇÝã-áñ μ³ÝÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ. feel ~ for
º±ñμ ¨ áñï»±Õ Ï³ñáÕ »Ù Ýñ³Ý ï»ëÝ»É: smn, hold smb in ~ ³ñѳٳñѳÝù ï³Í»É.
contagion [kən΄teidзən] n í³ñ³Ï, í³ñ³ÏÇã incur ~ ³ñѳٳñѳÝù ³é³ç³óÝ»É. be be-
ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝ. ÷Ëμ. íݳë³Ï³ñ ³½¹»- neath ~ ÝáõÛÝÇëÏ ³ñѳٳñѳÝùÇ ³ñųÝÇ
óáõÃÛáõÝ: ãÉÇÝ»É. complete ~ of danger íï³Ý·Ç ÉñÇí
contagious [kən΄teidзəs] a í³ñ³ÏÇã, ÇÝý»Ï- ³ñѳٳñÑáõÙ. fall into ~ ³ñѳٳñѳÝùÇ
óÇáÝ. ~ laughter ÷Ëμ. í³ñ³ÏÇã ÍÇͳÕ: ³ñųݳݳÉ. ~ of court Çñ³í. ¹³ï³í×éÇ/
contain [kən΄tein] v å³ñáõݳϻÉ, μáí³Ý- ¹³ï³ñ³ÝÇ ³ñѳٳñÑáõÙ:
¹³Ï»É. ½ëå»É. ~ two litres of water 2 ÉÇïñ contemptible [kən΄temptəbl] a ³ñѳٳñ-
çáõñ å³ñáõݳϻÉ. ~ useful information û·- Ñ»ÉÇ, ³ñѳٳñѳÝùÇ ³ñųÝÇ:
ï³Ï³ñ ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ å³ñáõݳϻÉ. ~ contemptuous [kən΄temptjuəs] a ³ñѳ-
oneself/one’s anger/laughter ½³ÛñáõÛÃÁ/ÍÇͳ- Ù³ñѳϳÝ:
ÕÁ ½ëå»É: contend [kən΄tend] v åݹ»É, ѳëï³ï»É. ~
container [kən΄teinə] n ³ÝáÃ, å³Ñ»ëï³- with å³Ûù³ñ»É. ~ with/against smb for a prize
Ù³Ý. ï³ñ³. μ»éݳñÏÕ. é½Ù. ·³½³μ³ÉáÝ, Ù»ÏÇ Ñ»ï Ùñó»É Ùñó³Ý³ÏÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. ~ing
·³½³Ù³Ý: parties Çñ³í. íÇ×áÕ ÏáÕÙ»ñÁ. have enough to
contaminate [kən΄tæmineit] v í³ñ³Ï»É. ~ with ß³ï ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ѳÕóѳ-
³Õïáï»É. ~d clothing/water í³ñ³Ïí³Í ѳ- ñ»É:
·áõëï. ³Õïáïí³Í çáõñ: content I [kən΄tent] n ·áÑáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ·á-
contamination [kən΄tæminei∫n] n í³ñ³- ÑáõÃÛáõÝ. to one’s heart’s ~ ó³Ýϳó³ÍÇ/ëÇñ-
ÏáõÙ, ³ÕïáïáõÙ: ïÁ áõ½³ÍÇ ã³÷:
contemn [kən΄tem] v ³ñѳٳñÑ»É: content II [΄kɒntent] n å³ñáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ,
contemplate [΄kɒntəmpleit] v ËáñÑ»É, μáí³Ý¹³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. the ~ of a jug/pocket ë³-
Ùï³Í»É. ¹Çï»É, ½ÝÝ»É. Íñ³·ñ»É, Ùï³- ÷áñÇ/·ñå³ÝÇ å³ñáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ. form
¹ñí»É. ~ a problem ËáñÑ»É/Ùï³Í»É ѳñóÇ and ~ Ó¨ ¨ μáí³Ý¹³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. table of ~s μá-
Ù³ëÇÝ. I ~ going to Øï³ÍáõÙ »Ù ·Ý³É. ~ í³Ý¹³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ·É˳ó³ÝÏ. the ~ of an arti-
oneself in the mirror ѳۻÉáõ Ù»ç Ý³Û»É (Çñ»Ý cle/speech Ñá¹í³ÍÇ/׳éÇ μáí³Ý¹³Ïáõ-
¹Çï»É): ÃÛáõÝÁ:
contemplation [‚kɒntəm΄plei∫n] n ËáñÑáõÙ, content [kən΄tent] a ·áÑ, ·áÑáõݳÏ. be ~ in
ÙïáñáõÙ. ÷Ëμ. ѳۻóáõÃÛáõÝ. sink in ~ one’s job Çñ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇó ·áÑ ÉÇÝ»É. I’m ~
content 184 contraband

to stay behind гٳӳÛÝ »Ù Ñ»ï ÙݳÉ: should the ~ arise ³ÛÝ ¹»åùáõÙ, »Ã». provide
content [kən΄tent] v μ³í³ñ³ñ»É, ·áѳóÝ»É. for every ~ ݳ˳ï»ë»É μáÉáñ ³Ý³ÏÝϳÉ-
~ oneself with μ³í³ñ³ñí»É, ·áѳݳÉ. We’ll Ý»ñÁ:
have to ~ ourselves with dry bread Ø»Ýù å»ïù contingent [kən΄tindзənt] n ËáõÙμ, ù³Ý³-
¿ μ³í³ñ³ñí»Ýù ãáñ ѳóáí£ Ï³Ï³½Ù. (ݳ¨` ½ÇÝáõÅÇ). a ~ of tourists/com-
contented [kən΄tentid] a ·áÑ, μ³í³ñ³ñ- petitors ½μáë³ßñçÇÏÝ»ñÇ ËáõÙμ. ÙñóáõÛÃÇ
í³Í: Ù³ëݳÏÇóÝ»ñ:
contention [kən΄ten∫n] n í»×, í»×Ç ³é³ñ- contingent [kən΄tindзənt] a å³ï³Ñ³Ï³Ý,
ϳ. ï³ñ³Ó³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ. This is no time for ~ ³Ý³ÏÝϳÉ, Ñݳñ³íáñ. plans ~ on weather
ÎéíÇ/í»×Ç Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ã¿. a bone of ~ Ïéí³- »Õ³Ý³ÏÇó ϳËí³Í Íñ³·ñ»ñ. ~ liabilities
ËÝÓáñ. substance of the ~ ÷³ëï³ñÏÇ ¿áõ- å³ÛÙ³Ý³Ï³Ý å³ï³ë˳ݳïíáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÃÛáõÝÁ/ÑÇÙùÁ: continual [kən΄tinjuəl] a ³ÝÁݹѳï, Ùßï³-
contentious [kən΄ten∫əs] a íÇ×»ÉÇ. Ïéí³- ϳÝ, ³Ý÷á÷áË. a ~ cough ³ÝÁݹѳï/³Ý-
ñ³ñ: ¹³¹³ñ ѳ½:
contentment [kən΄tentmənt] n μ³í³ñ³- continually [kən΄tinju:əli] adv ß³ñáõݳÏ,
ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ·áÑáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ: ß³ñáõݳϳμ³ñ, ³ÝÁݹѳï:
conterminous [kɒn΄tə:minəs] a ÏÇó, ë³Ñ- continuance [kən΄tinjuəns] n ï¨áÕáõÃÛáõÝ,
ٳݳÏÇó. ѳÙÁÝÏÝáÕ: 勉ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ß³ñáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ³ÝÁݹ-
contest [΄kɒntest] n ÙñóáõÙ, Ùñó³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ. ѳïáõÃÛáõÝ. of long ~ 勉ϳÝ, »ñϳ-
³Ù. å³Ûù³ñ ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï. ñ³ï¨:
beauty ~ ·»Õ»óÏáõÃÛ³Ý ÙñóáõÛÃ. the judges of continuation [kən‚tinju΄ei∫n] n ß³ñáõݳ-
/at a ~ ÙñóáõÛÃÇ ÅÛáõñÇ: ÏáõÙ, ß³ñáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ. í»ñëÏëáõÙ. ~s
contest [kən΄test] v Ùñó»É, Ùñó³Ïó»É. íÇ׳- ËëÏó. ß³Éí³ñ. the ~ of a story/line å³ïÙÁ-
μ³Ý»É, íÇ׳ñÏ»É. ~ a point/ a will Ï»ïÁ/ í³ÍùÇ /·ÍÇ ß³ñáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ:
Ïï³ÏÁ íÇ׳ñÏ»É. ~ a seat in Parliament å³Û- continue [kən΄tinju:] v ß³ñáõݳϻÉ. ï³-
ù³ñ»É ËáñÑñ¹³ñ³ÝÇ ï»ÕÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. ~ for ñ³Íí»É, Ó·í»É. ÙݳÉ, ϻݳÉ. ~ the speech/
the prize Ùñó³Ý³ÏÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ å³Ûù³ñ»É: game ׳éÁ/˳ÕÁ ß³ñáõݳϻÉ. The argument
context [΄kɒntekst] n ѳٳï»ùëï, Çñ³íÇ- ~d after dinner ì»×Á ß³ñáõݳÏí»ó ׳ßÇó
׳Ï, Çñ³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ dependent ѳٳ- Ñ»ïá. He ~d in office till he was 60 ܳ ß³-
ï»ùëïÇó ϳËí³Í. ~ free language ѳٳ- ñáõݳÏáõÙ ¿ñ ³ß˳ï»É ÙÇÝ㨠60 ï³ñ»Ï³-
ï»ùëïÇó ³ÝÏ³Ë É»½áõ: ÝÁ. We ~d on our way Ø»Ýù ß³ñáõݳϻóÇÝù
contexture [kən΄tekst∫ə] n ϳéáõóí³Íù, Ù»ñ ׳ݳå³ñÑÁ. May I ~ ? γñ»ÉDZ ¿ ß³-
ÑÛáõëí³Íù. (·ñ³Ï³Ý »ñÏÇ) ÏáÙåá½Çódz: ñáõݳϻÉ:
contiguity [‚kɒnti΄gju:əti] n ß÷áõÙ, ÑåáõÙ. continued [kən΄tinju:d] a ß³ñáõݳÏíáÕ,
·³Õ³÷³ñÝ»ñÇ ½áõ·áñ¹áõÃÛáõÝ: ß³ñáõݳϻÉÇ. ³ÝÁݹѳï. to be ~ ß³ñáõ-
contiguous [kən΄tigjuəs] a ë³ÑٳݳÏÇó, ݳϻÉÇ:
ë³ÑٳݳٻñÓ, ѳñáÕ: continuity [‚kɒnti΄nju:əti] n ³ÝÁݹѳ-
continence [΄kɒntinəs] n ½ëåí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, ïáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳçáñ¹³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÅáõÅϳÉáõÃÛáõÝ. áÕç³ËáÑáõÃÛáõÝ: continuous [kən΄tinjuəs] a ³ÝÁݹѳï, ³Ý-
continent [΄kɒntinənt] n ³ßËñ·. Ù³Ûñó³- ¹³¹³ñ. ³Ý÷á÷áË, 勉ϳÝ. ù»ñ. ß³ñáõ-
Ù³ù, ÏáÝïÇÝ»Ýï. the ~ of Asia ²ëÇ³Ï³Ý Ý³Ï³Ï³Ý:
Ù³Ûñó³Ù³ù. the C~ ºíñáå³ (μñÇï³Ý³óÇ- contort [kən΄tɔ:t] v Íé»É, ÍéÙé»É. ˻ճÃÛáõ-
Ý»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ): ñ»É, ³Õ³í³Õ»É. His face was ~ed with pain
continent [΄kɒntinənt] a ½áõëå, ÅáõÅϳÉ, Üñ³ ¹»ÙùÁ ó³íÇó ÍéÙéí»ó:
áÕç³ËáÑ: contortion [kən΄tɔ:∫n] n ÍéáõÙ, ³Õ³í³-
continental [‚kɒnti΄nentl] 1. n ºíñáå³ÛÇ ÕáõÙ, ³Ûɳݹ³ÏáõÙ:
μݳÏÇã. 2. a Ù³Ûñó³Ù³ùÇ, ó³Ù³ù³ÛÇÝ, contour [΄kɒntuə] n áõñí³·ÇÍ, »½ñ³·ÇÍ. ~
ÏáÝïÇÝ»Ýï³É: line/map ÑáñǽáݳϳÝ. áõñí³·Í³ÛÇÝ ù³ñ-
contingency [kən΄tidзənsi] n å³ï³Ñ³Ï³- ﻽:
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ý³ÏÝϳÉáõÃÛáõÝ. ¹Çåí³Í. contraband [΄kɒntrəbænd] n, a Ù³ùë³Ý»Ý-
contrabandist 185 contravention

·áõÃÛáõÝ, Ù³ùë³Ý»Ý· ³åñ³Ýù. Ù³ùë³- contradistinction [‚kɒntrədi΄stiŋk∫n] n


ݻݷ³ÛÇÝ: ѳϳ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳϳ¹ñáõÙ, ½³Ý³½³-
contrabandist [΄kɒntrəbændist] n Ù³ùë³- ÝáõÙ. in ~ to Ç ï³ñμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
ݻݷ: contralto [kən΄tra:ltəu] n »ñÅß. ÏáÝïñ³É-
contract [΄kɒntrækt] n å³Ûٳݳ·Çñ, ѳ- ïá:
Ù³Ó³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ. draw up/conclude/break/ contraposition [‚kɒntrəpə΄zi∫n] n ѳϳ¹-
breach a ~ å³Ûٳݳ·Çñ ϳ½Ù»É/ÏÝù»É/ ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ÝïÇû½:
˳Ëï»É. be bound by ~ å³Ûٳݳ·ñáí contraption [kən΄træp∫n] n Ýáñ³ëï»ÕÍ
ϳåí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. the terms /conditions of the ~ ѳñÙ³ñ³Ýù, What’s that ingenious ~? ²Û¹
å³Ûٳݳ·ñÇ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ. be under ~ DZÝã Ñݳñ³ÙÇï ѳñÙ³ñ³Ýù ¿:
å³Ûٳݳ·Çñ áõݻݳÉ. labour ~ ³ß˳- contrarily [΄kɒntrərili] adv ùٳѳ×:
ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ å³Ûٳݳ·Çñ. The ~ will not contrariness [΄kɒntrərinəs] n ѳٳéáõÃ-
stand гٳӳÛÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ áõÅÇ Ù»ç ãÇ ÉÇÝÇ. ~ ÛáõÝ:
law Çñ³í. å³Ûٳݳ·ñ³ÛÇÝ Çñ³íáõÝù: contrariwise [kən΄treəriwaiz] adv ѳϳ-
contract I [kən΄trækt] v å³Ûٳݳ·Çñ é³Ï ÏáÕÙÇó/áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ:
ÏÝù»É, å³ñï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ ëï³ÝÓÝ»É. ~ an contrary [΄kɒntrəri] n ѳϳ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. on
alliance ÙÇáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³½Ù»É. ~ debts å³ñïù»ñ
the/quite the ~ Áݹѳϳé³ÏÁ. to the ~ ѳ-
³Ý»É/ å³ñïù»ñÇ Ù»ç ÁÝÏÝ»É. ~ measles
ϳé³ÏÁ. The ~ seems to be the case ÂíáõÙ ¿`
ϳñÙñáõÏáí í³ñ³Ïí»É. ~ out Ññ³Å³ñí»É.
Áݹѳϳé³ÏÝ ¿. I know/have heard nothing
~ out of the trip áõÕ¨áñáõÃÛáõÝÇó Ññ³-
to the ~ àñù³Ý ÇÝÓ Ñ³ÛïÝÇ ¿, ¹³ Ñ»Ýó ³Û¹-
ųñí»É. the ~ing parties å³ÛٳݳíáñíáÕ
å»ë ¿. ºë áã ÙÇ Ñ³Ï³é³Ï μ³Ý ã»Ù Éë»É:
ÏáÕÙ»ñÁ:
contrary [΄kɒntrəri] a ѳϳ¹Çñ, ѳϳ-
contract II [kən΄trækt] v ÏÍÏ(í)»É, ¹³ñÓ, ѳϳé³Ï. ѳϳëáÕ. a ~ young wo-
ë»ÕÙ(í)»É. ϳñ׳ݳÉ, Ïñ׳ïí»É. ~ one’s
man ùÙ³Ñ³× »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹ ÏÇÝ. a ~ wind ѳ-
muscles/a word ÙϳÝÝ»ñÁ ÏÍÏ»É. μ³éÁ
ϳé³Ï ù³ÙÇ:
Ïñ׳ï»É. Metals ~ when cool òñïÇó Ù»-
ï³ÕÝ»ñÁ ë»ÕÙíáõÙ »Ý:
contrary [΄kɒntrəri] prep ѳϳé³Ï, ¹»Ù.
It’s ~ to the rules ¸³ ϳÝáÝÝ»ñÇÝ ¹»Ù ¿. ~ to
contracted [kən΄træktid] a Ïñ׳ïí³Í.
my wishes/expectations ѳϳé³Ï ÇÙ ó³ÝÏáõ-
Ý»Õ, ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï. ËáÅáéí³Í (ÑáÝù»ñ):
ÃÛ³Ý/ëå³ëáõÙÝ»ñÇ:
contraction [kən΄træk∫n] n Ïñ׳ïáõÙ,
ÏÍÏáõÙ. å³ñïùÇ Ù»ç ÁÝÏÝ»ÉÁ. É»½í. ѳ-
contrast [΄kɒntra:st] n ѳϳ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳ-
ϳå³ïÏ»ñ. striking/complete /sharp ~ ½³ñ-
å³íáõÙ. ÑÝã. ÙdzÓáõÉáõÙ. μÅßÏ. »ñÏáõÝùÇ
ٳݳÉÇ/ÉñÇí/ëáõñ, ËÇëï ѳϳ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ.
ó³í»ñ:
contractor [kən΄træktə] n ϳå³É³éáõ. striking ~ between the two brothers ½³ñٳݳ-
å³Ûٳݳ·Çñ ëïáñ³·ñ³Í ³ÝÓ. å³ÛÙ³- ÉÇ Ñ³Ï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ »Õμ³ÛñÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨. by ~
ݳíáñíáÕ ÏáÕÙ. sub~ »Ýóϳå³É³éáõ: (with) ѳٻٳïáõÃÛ³Ùμ. in ~ (with) Ç Ñ³-
contradict [‚kɒntrə΄dikt] v ѳϳë»É. ϳ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÅËï»É, Ñ»ñù»É. The two reports ~ed each other contrast [kən΄tra:st] v ѳϳ¹ñ»É, ѳٻٳ-
ºñÏáõ ½»ÏáõÛóÝ»ñÁ ѳϳëáõÙ ¿ÇÝ ÙÇÙÛ³Ýó. ï»É. ~ Jane with her sister гٻٳï»ù æ»Û-
~ rumours ÅËï»É Éáõñ»ñÁ. Don’t ~ ! ØÇ° ѳ- ÝÇÝ ¨ Çñ ùñáçÁ. The two paintings ~ with each
ϳ׳é»ù: other ²Ûë »ñÏáõ ÝϳñÝ»ñÁ ËÇëï ï³ñμ»ñ-
contradiction [‚kɒntrə΄dik∫n] n ѳϳëáõ- íáõÙ »Ý ÙÇÙÛ³ÝóÇó. ~ well ѳçáÕ Ó¨áí ѳ-
ÃÛáõÝ, ѳϳ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ³Ýѳٳå³ï³ë- ϳ¹ñí»É:
˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. μ³ËáõÙ be in ~ with ѳϳë»É. contrasting [kən΄tra:stiŋ] a ѳϳ¹ñ³Ï³Ý,
ѳϳ¹ñí»É. a ~ in terms ïñ³Ù³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý ѳϳ¹Çñ. ÏáÝïñ³ëï³ÛÇÝ:
ѳϳëáõÃÛáõÝ: contravene [‚kɒntrə΄vi:n] v ˳Ëï»É, ѳ-
contradictious [‚kɒntrə΄dik∫əs] a ѳϳë³- ϳé³Ï»É, ѳϳë»É. ~ law ûñ»ÝùÁ ˳Ë-
ϳÝ: ï»É:
contradictory [‚kɒntrə΄diktəri] a ѳϳë³- contravention [‚kɒntrə΄ven∫n] n ˳Ë-
ϳÝ, ³Ýѳٳï»Õ»ÉÇ, ѳϳé³Ï: ïáõÙ, ѳϳëáõÙ, ѳϳë»ÉÁ:
contribute 186 convent

contribute [kən΄tribju:t] v ³ç³Ïó»É, ûųÝ- (·áñÍ.) í»ñ³ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ï»ÝïñáÝ. ~ tower


¹³Ï»É, Ýå³ëï»É, ÝíÇñ³μ»ñ»É. Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ ³í. ¹Çëå»ïã»ñ³Ï³Ý ³ßï³ñ³Ï:
³Ý»É. ~towards the building of a school ÝíÇ- control [kən΄trəul] v ϳé³í³ñ»É, ջϳí³-
ñ³μ»ñ»É ¹åñáóÇ Ï³éáõóÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ. ~ clo- ñ»É. ÇßË»É, í»ñ³ÑëÏ»É, ëïáõ·»É. ϳñ·³íá-
thing for the refugees ÷³Ëëï³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³- ñ»É, ϳÝáݳíáñ»É. ~ one’s temper Çñ»Ý ïÇ-
Ù³ñ ѳ·áõëï ÝíÇñ³μ»ñ»É. (ÃÕóÏó»É) ~ ñ³å»ï³É. easy to ~ Ñ»ßï ջϳíáñíáÕ. ~
articles to the newspaper ϳÝáݳíáñ Ï»ñåáí the pressure ×ÝßáõÙÁ ϳñ·³íáñ»É. ~ all for-
Ñá¹í³ÍÝ»ñ ·ñ»É Éñ³·ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. The pro- eign exchange ~ traffic/prices ϳñ·³íáñ»É
fessor ~d to the discussion äñáý»ëáñÁ Ù³ë- »ñè»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ/·Ý»ñÁ. ~ expenditure ëïáõ-
ݳÏó»ó ùÝݳñÏÙ³ÝÁ. It all ~d to the general ·»É/ÑëÏ»É Í³Ëë»ñÁ:
chaos ²Û¹ μáÉáñÁ ÙdzÛÝ Ýå³ëï»ó Áݹѳ- controllable [kən΄trəuləbl] a ϳé³í³ñ»ÉÇ,
Ýáõñ ³Ýϳñ·áõÃÛ³ÝÁ: ջϳí³ñ»ÉÇ, í»ñ³ÑëÏ»ÉÇ:
contribution [‚kɒntri΄bju:∫n] n ³ç³Ïóáõ- controller [kən΄trəulə] n í»ñ³ÑëÏÇã, í»ñ-
ÃÛáõÝ, ûųݹ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ. make a ëïáõ·Çã. »ñÏÃ. ³íïá. ¹Çëå»ïã»ñ. (Ñá-
valuable ~ to science ϳñ¨áñ/³ñÅ»ù³íáñ ë³ÝùÁ) ϳñ·³íáñáÕ ë³ñù:
Ý»ñ¹ñáõ٠ϳï³ñ»É ·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç. (Ñá¹- controversial [‚kɒntrə΄və:∫l] a íÇ×»ÉÇ,
í³Í) ~s should be sent to the editor Ñá¹í³Í- íÇ׳μ³Ý³Ï³Ý. íÇ׳ñÏ»ÉÇ, íÇ׳ѳñáõÛó:
Ý»ñÁ áõÕ³ñÏ»É ËÙμ³·ñÇÝ. pay ~s í׳ñáõÙ- controversy [΄kɒntrəvə:si] n íÇ׳μ³Ýáõ-
Ý»ñ ϳï³ñ»É: ÃÛáõÝ, μ³Ý³í»×. without/beyond~ ³ÝíÇ×»ÉÇ,
contributor [kən΄tribjutə] n ÝíÇñ³μ»ñáÕ, ³ÝÅËï»ÉÇ:
Ñ»ÕÇݳÏ. one of our regular ~s Ù»ñ Ùßï³Ï³Ý controvert [‚kɒntrə΄və:t] v íÇ׳ñÏ»É,
Ñ»ÕÇݳÏÝ»ñÇó Ù»ÏÁ: μ³Ý³íÇ×»É:
contrite [΄kɒntrait] a ½Õç³óáÕ, ³å³ß˳ñ- contumacious [‚kɒntju΄mei∫əs] a ã»ÝóñÏ-
ÑáÕ. to be ~ ½Õç³É. The boy looks so ~ îÕ³Ý íáÕ, ³ÝÑݳ½³Ý¹:
ß³ï Ù»Õ³íáñ ï»ëù áõÝÇ: contumacy [΄kɒntjuməsi] n ³ÝÑݳ½³Ý-
contrition [kən΄tri∫n] n ½ÕçáõÙ, ³å³ß- ¹áõÃÛáõÝ:
˳ñÑáõÙ. contumely [΄kɒntju:mli] n íÇñ³íáñ³Ýù,
contrivance [kən΄traiv’ns] n Ñݳñ³Ùïáõ- ³Ý³ñ·³Ýù:
ÃÛáõÝ, Ñݳñ³·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ: convalesce [‚kɒnvə΄les] v ³å³ùÇÝí»É,
contrive [kən΄traiv] v Ñݳñ»É, Íñ³·ñ»É, ³éáÕç³Ý³É:
ÝÛáõûÉ. He ~d to make matters worse ܳ ѳ- convalescence [‚kɒnvə΄lesns] n ³å³ùÇ-
çáÕ»óñ»ó ·áñÍ»ñÝ ³í»ÉÇ ÷ã³óÝ»É; ÝáõÙ, ³éáÕç³óáõÙ:
control [kən΄trəul] n ϳé³í³ñáõÙ, ջϳ- convalescent [‚kɒnvə΄lesnt] a ³å³ùÇÝíáÕ,
í³ñáõÙ, ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. be in ~ of ϳé³í³- ³éáÕç³óáÕ. be ~ ³éáÕç³Ý³É. ~ home
ñ»É, ջϳí³ñ»É, ÑëÏ»É. get out of ~ ÑëÏáÕáõ- ³éáÕç³ñ³Ý:
ÃÛáõÝÇó ¹áõñë ·³É. beyond ~ ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛáõ- convene [kən΄vi:n] v Ññ³íÇñ»É, ѳí³ùí»É.
ÝÇó ¹áõñë. keep one’s feelings under ~ ½·³ó- ~ a meeting ÅáÕáí ·áõÙ³ñ»É:
ÙáõÝùÝ»ñÁ ½ëå»É. lose ~ ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ convener [kən΄vi:nə] n ÝÇëï Ññ³íÇñáÕ:
ÏáñóÝ»É/ãϳñáÕ³Ý³É ½ëå»É. ~ over the seas convenience [kən΄vi:niəns] n ѳñÙ³ñáõ-
Íáí»ñÇ ïÇñ³å»ïáõÃÛáõÝ. government ~ of ÃÛáõÝ. at your ~ ÇÝãå»ë Ó»½ ѳñÙ³ñ ¿. Come
industry ϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ at your ~ ºÏ»ù, »ñμ Ó»½ ѳñÙ³ñ ¿. Answer at
³ñ¹Ûáõݳμ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³. disarmament ~ one’s earliest ~ ä³ï³ë˳ݻù, áñù³Ý Ñݳ-
½Çݳó÷Ù³Ý í»ñ³ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. passport/ ñ³íáñ ¿ ³ñ³·. ~s ѳñÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ
customs ~ ³ÝÓݳ·ñÇ/Ù³ùë³ï³Ý ëïáõ- ÷Ëμ. ½áõ·³ñ³Ý. house with all modern ~s
·áõÙ. traffic/birth ~ »ñè»ÏáõÃÛ³Ý/ÍÝ»ÉÇáõ- μáÉáñ ѳñÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí ïáõÝ. for the ~
ÃÛ³Ý í»ñ³ÑëÏáõÙ/ϳñ·³íáñáõÙ. price ~ of Ñû·áõï, û·ïÇÝ:
·Ý»ñÇ Ï³ñ·³íáñáõÙ. ~ point ëïáõ·Ù³Ý/ convenient [kən΄vi:niənt] a ѳñÙ³ñ, åÇ-
í»ñ³ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ï»ï. remote ~ Ñ»é³Ï³- ï³ÝÇ, å³ïß³×. the first ~ opportunity ³é³-
é³í³ñáõÙ. ~ levers ϳé³í³ñÙ³Ý ÉͳÏÝ»ñ. çÇÝ Ñ³ñÙ³ñ ³éÇÃÁ:
~ panel ջϳí³ñÙ³Ý í³Ñ³Ý. ~ room convent [΄kɒnvənt] n Ïáõë³Ýáó:
convention 187 convolution

convention [kən΄ven∫n] n å³Ûٳݳ·Çñ, ¹³ñÓÝ»É. He ~ed me into his views ܳ ÇÝÓ


ѳٳӳÛݳ·Çñ. ѳٳÅáÕáí, ѳٳ·áõ- ѳí³ï³÷áË ³ñ»ó:
Ù³ñ. (å³ÛٳݳϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ) despise the ~s convertible [kən΄və:təbl] a ÷á˳ϻñå»ÉÇ,
å³ÛٳݳϳÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÝ ³ñѳٳñÑ»É: ßñç»ÉÇ. ÷á÷áË»ÉÇ, ÷á˳Ýó»ÉÇ. ~ currency
conventional [kən΄ven∫nəl] a ³í³Ý¹³Ï³Ý, ÷á˳ñÏ»ÉÇ ³ñÅáõÛÃ:
ѳÝñ³×³Ý³ã, μáÉáñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ÁݹáõÝí³Í. convex [‚kɒn΄veks] a ÏáñÝóñ¹, áõéáõóÇÏ:
å³Ûٳݳ·ñ³ÛÇÝ. It’s ~ here to dine late ²Ûë- convexity [kən΄veksəti] n ÏáñÝóñ¹áõÃÛáõÝ,
ï»Õ ÁݹáõÝí³Í ¿ áõß ×³ß»É. a ~ letter of con- áõéáõóÇÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
gratulations ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý ßÝáñѳíáñ³Ï³Ý convey [kən΄vei] v ï»Õ³÷áË»É, ÷á˳¹ñ»É.
ݳٳÏ. ~ weapons ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý ï»ë³ÏÇ ÷á˳Ýó»É. C~ my thanks to her öá˳Ý-
ëå³é³½ÇÝáõÃÛáõÝ. be very ~ å³Ûٳݳ- ó»ù/гÕáñ¹»ù Ýñ³Ý ÇÙ ßÝáñѳϳÉáõ-
ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ·»ñÇ ÉÇÝ»É: ÃÛáõÝÁ. ~ news Éáõñ»ñ ѳÛïÝ»É. ~ ideas
conventionality [kən‚ven∫ə΄næləti] n å³Û- Ùïù»ñ ѳÕáñ¹»É. ~ property Çñ³í. ·áõÛùÇ
ٳݳϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ: Çñ³íáõÝùÁ ѳÝÓÝ»É/÷á˳Ýó»É áõñÇßÇÝ.
converge [kən΄və:dз] v ÙdzݳÉ, ÙdzóÝ»É. Ùá- The name ~s nothing to me ²Û¹ ³ÝáõÝÁ ÇÝÓ
ï»Ý³É. The armies ~d on the town ¼áñù»ñÁ áãÇÝã ãÇ ³ëáõÙ:
μáÉáñ ÏáÕÙ»ñÇó ѳñÓ³Ïí»óÇÝ ù³Õ³ùÇ conveyance [kən΄veiəns] n ï»Õ³÷áËáõÙ,
Ýñ³: ÷á˳¹ñáõÙ. ÷á˳¹ñ³ÙÇçáó. Çñ³í. ·áõÛ-
convergence [kən΄və:dзəns] n ÙdzóáõÙ ùÇ Ñ³ÝÓÝÙ³Ý ÷³ëï³ÃáõÕÃ:
ѳݹÇåáõÙ. ½áõ·³Ù»ñÓáõÃÛáõÝ: conveyer [kən΄veiə] n ï»Ë. ѳñ³Ñáë, ÏáÝ-
convergent [kən΄və:dзənt] a ѳٳٻï, í»Û»ñ:
½áõ·³Ù»ï: convict [΄kɒnvikt]1. n ¹³ï³å³ñïí³Í,
conversable [kən΄və:səbl] a ½ñáõó³ë»ñ, ï³Å³Ý³ÏÇñ. 2. [kən΄vikt] v Ù»Õ³íáñ ׳-
ß÷íáÕ, ëñï³μ³ó: ݳã»É, ¹³ï³å³ñï»É. ~ smb of theft ·áÕáõ-
conversance [kən΄və:səns] n Çñ³½»Ïáõ- ÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ¹³ï³å³ñï»É:
ÃÛáõÝ, ï»ÕÛ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ: conviction [kən΄vik∫n] n ѳÙá½ÙáõÝù. carry
conversant [kən΄və:sənt] a ï»ÕÛ³Ï, Çñ³- ~ ѳÙá½í»É, ѳÙá½Çã ÉÇÝ»É. It is my ~ that...
½»Ï. keep ~ ï»ÕÛ³Ï å³Ñ»É. not to be ~ with ºë ѳÙá½í³Í »Ù, áñ... in the full ~ ÉñÇí ѳ-
the rules ϳÝáÝÝ»ñÇÝ Í³Ýáà ãÉÇÝ»É: Ùá½í³Í. I’m open to ~ ÆÝÓ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ¿ ѳÙá-
conversation [‚kɒnvə΄sei∫n] n Ëáë³Ïóáõ- ½»É. The story doesn’t carry much ~ ²Ûë å³ï-
ÃÛáõÝ, ½ñáõÛó, Ëáëù: ÙáõÃÛáõÝÁ ³ÛÝù³Ý ¿É ѳÙá½Çã ã¿. Çñ³í.
conversational [‚kɒnvə΄sei∫nəl] a Ëáë³Ï- ¹³ïí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ He has had two previous ~s
ó³Ï³Ý. ½ñáõó³ë»ñ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ mode »ñÏËá- ܳ »ñÏáõ ¹³ïí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝÇ:
ë³Ï³Ý é»ÅÇÙ: convince [kən΄vins] v ѳÙá½»É, ѳí³ë-
converse [΄kɒnvə:s] 1. n ѳϳé³Ï (¹ñáõÛÃ), ïdzóÝ»É. I tried to ~ him ºë ÷áñÓ»óÇ Ýñ³Ý
ѳϳ¹Çñ. Ù³Ã. ѳϳ¹³ñÓ Ã»áñ»Ù. 2. a ѳÙá½»É. be ~d ѳÙá½í³Í ÉÇÝ»É:
ѳϳé³Ï, ѳϳ¹³ñÓ That is the ~ of what convincible [kən΄vinsəbl] a ѳÙá½íáÕ:
I said ¸³ ÇÙ ³ë³ÍÇ Ñ³Ï³é³ÏÝ ¿: convincing [kən΄vinsiŋ] a ѳÙá½Çã:
converse [kən΄və:s] v ½ñáõó»É, Ëáë»É. ~ with convivial [kən΄viviəl] a áõñ³Ë, ïáݳϳÝ:
smb Ù»ÏÇ Ñ»ï ½ñáõó»É: conviviality [kən‚vivi΄æləti] n áõñ³Ëáõ-
conversely [΄kɒnvə:sli] adv Áݹѳϳé³ÏÁ, ÃÛáõÝ, áõñ³Ë ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
ѳϳé³ÏÁ: convocation [‚kɒnvə΄kei∫n] n ·áõÙ³ñáõÙ
conversion [kən΄və:∫n] n ÷á˳ñÏáõÙ, ÷á- (ÅáÕáíÇ, ѳٳ·áõÙ³ñÇ). Ññ³íÇñáõÙ. »Ï»-
÷áËáõÙ. ÏñáÝ. Ïñáݳ÷áËáõÃÛáõÝ. the ~ of Õ³ó³Ï³Ý ÅáÕáí:
dollars into frank ¹áɳñÇ ÷á˳ñÏáõÙÁ convoke [kən΄vəuk] v ·áõÙ³ñ»É (ÅáÕáí, ѳ-
ýñ³ÝÏÇ. the ~ of water into ice çáõñÁ ë³éáõÛ- Ù³·áõÙ³ñ):
óÇ í»ñ³Í»ÉÁ. the ~ of a house ï³Ý í»ñ³Ï³- convoluted [΄kɒnvəlu:tid] a áÉáñí³Í, ·³-
éáõóáõÙÁ: ɳñí³Í. Ïáñ³óñ³Í:
convert [kən΄və:t] v ¹³ñÓÝ»É, ÷á˳ϻñ- convolution [‚kɒnvə΄lu∫n] n áÉáñáõÙ,
å»É. ~ cellar into garage Ù³é³ÝÁ ³íïáïÝ³Ï åïáõÛï. áõÕ»ÕÇ áÉáñù/ͳÉù:
convolvulus 188 co-ordinate

convolvulus [kən΄vɒlvjuləs] n μëμ. å³ï³- wards us ܳ ë³é»É ¿ Ù»ñ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ. play ~


ïáõÏ: ѳݷÇëï ÙݳÉ, ѳݷëïáõÃÛáõÝ
convoy [΄kɒnvɔi] n áõÕ»Ïóáñ¹, å³Ñ³Ï³- å³Ñå³Ý»É. a ~ customer ³Ýå³ïϳé/ÉÏïÇ
ËáõÙμ. 鳽ٳݳí»ñ. ݳí»ñÇ ù³ñ³í³Ý. ³ÝÓ. loose a ~ thousand ÙÇ ³ÙμáÕç ѳ½³ñ
under/in ~ 鳽ٳݳí»ñÇ å³ßïå³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ÏáñóÝ»É:
ï³Ï: cool [ku:l] v Ñáí³Ý³É, å³Õ»É, ë³é»É. keep ~
convoy [΄kɒnvɔi] v Íáí. áõÕ»Ïó»É, áõÕ»Ïóáñ- ³Ýíñ¹áí ÙݳÉ. ~ the air û¹Á ë³é»óÝ»É. ~
¹»É (鳽ٳݳí»ñáí): one’s heels ËëÏó. ëå³ë»É. The weather has
convulse [kən΄vΛls] v óÝó»É, çÕ³Ó·áõÃÛáõÝ ~ed down ºÕ³Ý³ÏÁ óñï»É ¿. C~ down!
³é³ç³óÝ»É. be ~d çÕ³Ó·í»É. ÷Ëμ. ÍÇͳ- гݷëï³óÇ°ñ/гݷëï³ó»°ù:
ÕÇó óÝóí»É: cooler [΄ku:lə] n ë³éݳñ³Ý. é½Ù. ϳɳ-
convulsed [kən΄vΛlsd] a óÝóí³Í. ~ by earth- ݳïáõÝ, å³ïųë»ÝÛ³Ï, ѳáõåïí³Ëï.
quake »ñÏñ³ß³ñÅÇã óÝóí³Í. His face was ~ He is in the ~ again ܳ ÝáñÇó Ýëï³Í ¿:
with pain Üñ³ ¹»ÙùÁ ó³íÇó çÕ³Ó·í»ó: cool-headed [‚kul΄hedid] a ë³éݳñÛáõÝ,
convulsion [kən΄vΛl∫n] n μÅßÏ. çÕ³Ó·áõ- ˻ɳÙÇï:
ÃÛáõÝ, ÏáÝíáõÉëdz, ϳñϳÙáõÙ: cooling [΄ku:liŋ] n ë³é»óáõÙ, Ñáí³óáõÙ. a ~
convulsive [kən΄vΛlsiv] a çÕ³Ó·³ÛÇÝ, ϳñ- drink ½áí³óáõóÇã çáõñ:
ϳٳÛÇÝ: coolly [ku:li] adv ѳݷÇëï, ë³éÁ,
cony [΄kəuni] n ׳·³ñ: ѳݹ·Ýáñ»Ý:
coo [ku:] n ÙÝã»É, ÕáõÝÕáõݳÉ. ÷Ëμ. ëÇñ³ÛÇÝ coolness [΄ku:lnəs] n ½áíáõÃÛáõÝ, Ñáíáõ-
ù³Õóñ Ëáëù»ñ ÙñÙÝç³É: ÃÛáõÝ. ÷Ëμ. ë³éݳñÛáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
cook [kuk] n Ëáѳñ³ñ. be a good ~ ɳí Ëá- coomb [ku:m] n É»éÝ»ñÇ ·á·. Óáñ³Ï:
ѳñ³ñ ÉÇÝ»É. Too many cooks spoil the broth coon [ku:n] n ϻݹ. çñ³ñç. ÷Ëμ. Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏ
Úáà ¹³Û³ÏÇ å³Ñ³Í »ñ»Ë³Ý ÏáõÛñ ÏÉÇÝÇ: Ù³ñ¹. a gone ~ Ïáñ³Í Ù³ñ¹:
cook [kuk] v »÷»É, å³ïñ³ëï»É, Ëáѳñ³- coop [ku:p] n í³Ý¹³Ï. ÓÏÝáñë³ÏáÕáí:
ñáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É. ~ meat/dinner ÙÇë/×³ß »÷»É/ cooper [΄ku:pə] n ï³Ï³é³·áñÍ. Ãáõݹ á·»-
å³ïñ³ëï»É. Who ~s for you? à±í ¿ Ó»ñ ÉÇó ËÙÇãù:
áõï»ÉÇùÁ å³ïñ³ëïáõÙ. She is busy ~ing co-operate [kəu΄ɒpəreit] v ·áñͳÏó»É,
ܳ ËáѳÝáóáõÙ ¿. ~ up an article ÷Ëμ. ѳٳ·áñÍ»É. ³ç³Ïó»É:
³ñ³· Ñá¹í³Í ÃË»É. ~ accounts Ï»Õ- co-operation [kəu‚ɒpə΄rei∫n] n ÁÝÏ»ñáõ-
Í»É/˳ñ¹³Ë»É ѳßÇíÝ»ñÁ. What’s ~ing? ÃÛáõÝ, ÙdzíáñáõÙ. ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛáõÝ.
ƱÝã »ù ¿ëï»Õ ݳ˳å³ïñ³ëïáõÙ: international ~ ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³·áñͳÏ-
cooker [΄kukə] n ë³ÉÇÏ, ûç³Ë. ÷Ëμ. ÷³ë- óáõÃÛáõÝ. various forms ûf ~ ѳٳ·áñ-
ï³ÃÕûñ Ï»ÕÍáÕ. gas/electric ~ ·³½ûç³Ë, ͳÏóÙ³Ý ï³ñμ»ñ Ó¨»ñ. work in close ~
¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³Ý ë³ÉÇÏ: ë»ñï ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛ³Ùμ ³ß˳ï»É:
cookery [΄kukəri] n Ëáѳñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. »÷- co-operative [kəu΄ɒpərətiv] a ѳٳï»Õ,
í³Íù, »÷³Í μ³Ý. ~ book Ëáѳñ³ñ³Ï³Ý Ùdzï»Õ. ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáÕ. He was very ~
·Çñù: ܳ Ù»½ ß³ï û·Ý»ó:
cookie [΄kuki] n ÃËí³Íù, ËÙáñ»Õ»Ý: co-operator [kəu΄ɒpəreitə] n Ïááå»ñ³ïáñ£
cooking [΄kukiŋ] n å³ïñ³ëï»ÉÁ, »÷»É- coop up [΄ku:pΛp] v ÷³ÏÇ ï³Ï å³Ñ»É. I
ó÷»ÉÁ. ~ utensils ËáѳÝáó³ÛÇÝ å³ñ³- was ~ed up in a stuffy room ºë ÷³Ïí³Í ¿Ç
·³Ý»ñ. ~ salt Ï»ñ³ÏñÇ ³Õ: ïáà ë»ÝÛ³ÏáõÙ:
cook-room [΄kukru:m] n ݳí. ËáѳÝáó, coordinate [kəu΄ɔ:dinət] n Ù³Ã. Ïááñ-
ϳÙμáõ½: ¹Çݳï£
cool [ku:l] n ½áíáõÃÛáõÝ. keep ~ ÷Ëμ. ë³é- coordinate [kəu΄ɔ:dinət] a ѳٳϳñ·í³Í,
ݳëñïáõÃÛáõÝÁ å³Ñå³Ý»É: ѳٳӳÛÝ»óñ³Í. ѳí³ë³ñ, ѳٳ½áñ.
cool [ku:l] a ½áí, Ñáí, å³Õ. get ~ Ñní³Ý³É, ù»ñ. ѳٳ¹³ë:
½áí³Ý³É, ë³é»É. ³Ýíñ¹áí ÙݳÉ. It is get- co-ordinate [kəu΄ɔ:dineit] v ѳٳӳÛÝ»ó-
ting ~er òñïáõÙ ¿. a ~ reception ÷Ëμ. ë³éÝ Ý»É, ѳٳϳñ·»É. Ïááñ¹ÇݳóÝ»É. ~ move-
ÁݹáõÝ»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ. He has become very ~ to- ments/actions/policies ѳٳӳÛÝ»óÝ»É ß³ñ-
co-ordination 189 cordon

ÅáõÙÝ»ñÁ/·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ/ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý copy [΄kɒpi] n ûñÇÝ³Ï (·ñùÇ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ). å³ï-


·ÇÍÁ. a ~d attack é½Ù. ÙdzëÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ñÓ³- ×»Ý. ÝÙáõß. ѳٳñ. ӻ鳷Çñ. typed ~ Ù»ù»-
ÏáõÙ: ݳ·ñ³Í ûñÇݳÏ. rough/fair ~ 먳·Çñ/Ù³ù-
co-ordination [kəu‚ɔ:di΄nei∫n] n ѳٳϳñ- ñ³·Çñ ûñÇݳÏ. xerox ~ ùë»ñáå³ï×»Ý. sec-
·áõÙ, ѳٳӳÛÝ»óáõÙ, Ý»ñ¹³ßݳϻóáõÙ: ond ~ ÏñÏÝûñÇݳÏ. manuscript ~ ӻ鳷Çñ.
cop [kɒp]1. n ËëÏó. áëïÇϳÝ. 2. v ѳÝó³Ý- make a ~ å³ï×»ÝÁ ѳݻÉ. complimentary ~
ùÇ í³ÛñáõÙ μéÝ»É. ~ it ËëÏó. μéÝ»É, ׳ÝÏ»É. Ñ»ÕÇݳϳÛÇÝ ûñÇݳÏ. today’s ~ of “The
You will ~ it ø»½ ÏѳëÝÇ: Times” ³ÛÙëÇ ³Ûëûñí³ Ñ³Ù³ñÁ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~
copartner [‚kəu΄pa:tnə] n ѳٳ·áñͳÏÇó. ÏñÏÝûñÇݳÏáõÙ. ~ program ÏñÏÝûñÇݳÏ-
μ³ÅÝ»ïÇñ³Ï³Ý ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³Ý¹³Ù: Ù³Ý Íñ³·Çñ. ~ protected ÏñÏÝûñÇݳÏáõÙÇó
copartnership [‚kəu΄pa:tnə∫ip] n μ³ÅÝ»- å³ßïå³Ýí³Í. ~ protected disk å³ßïå³Ý-
ïÇñ³Ï³Ý ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ: í³Í ëϳí³é³Ï:
cope [kəup] n ßáõñç³é, ÷³ñ³ç³. the ~ of copy [΄kɒpi] v ³ñï³·ñ»É, ÁݹûñÇݳϻÉ,
heaven ÷Ëμ. »ñÏݳϳٳñ. the ~ of night å³ï׻ݳѳݻÉ. ~ out ³ñï³·ñ»É. ~ out a
·Çß»ñí³ Ñáí³ÝÇ: text ï»ùëïÝ ³ñï³·ñ»É. ~ off smb Ù»ÏÇó
cope [kəup] v ѳÕóѳñ»É, ·ÉáõË μ»ñ»É. I’ll ³ñï³·ñ»É (ùÝÝáõÃÛ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï). ~ smb’s
~ somehow ºë ÙÇ Ï»ñå ·ÉáõË Ïμ»ñ»Ù. ~ with way of life ³åñ»É³Ï»ñåÁ ÁݹûñÇݳϻÉ. ~
the visitors ³Ûó»ÉáõÝ»ñÇÝ/ÑÛáõñ»ñÇÝ É³í ÁÝ- everything one’s friend does ÁݹûñÇÝ³Ï»É ³ÛÝ
¹áõÝ»É. ~ well with an awkward situation ³Ý- ³Ù»ÝÁ, ÇÝã ÁÝÏ»ñÝ ¿ ³ÝáõÙ:
ѳñÙ³ñ íÇ׳ÏÇó μ³ñ»Ñ³çáÕ ¹áõñë ·³É: copy-book [΄kɒpibuk] n ï»ïñ:
copilot [΄kəu‚pailət] n »ñÏñáñ¹ û¹³ãáõ: copying paper [΄kɒpiiŋ‚peipə] n å³ï×»-
coping [΄kəupiŋ] n ßÇÝ. áñÙÝ»½ñ, ùÇí: ݳÃáõÕÃ:
coping-stone [΄kəupiŋstəun] n ùÇí³ù³ñ. copyist [΄kɒpiist] n ÁݹûñÇݳÏáÕ, ³ñï³-
÷Ëμ. í»ñç, í³Ë׳Ý. (·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý) í»ñçÇÝ ·ñáÕ, å³ï׻ݳѳÝ:
Ëáëù: copyright [΄kɒpirait] 1. n Ñ»ÕÇݳϳ-
copious [΄kəupiəs] a ³é³ï, ÉÇ, μ»ÕÙݳíáñ. ÛÇÝ/Ññ³ï³ñ³Ïã³Ï³Ý Çñ³íáõÝù. 2. a
a ~ harvest ³é³ï μ»ñù. a ~ writer μ»ÕÙݳ- Ñ»ÕÇݳϳÛÇÝ Çñ³íáõÝùáí ³å³Ñáíí³Í.
íáñ ·ñáÕ. ~ speaker ß³Õ³Ïñ³ï Ñé»ïáñ. ~ 3. v Ñ»ÕÇݳÏÇ Çñ³íáõÝùÁ ³å³Ñáí»É:
dictionary ѳñáõëï μ³é³ñ³Ý. take ~ notes coquet [kɒ΄ket] v ëÇñ³Ï³ï³Ï»É, åãñí»É,
μ³½Ù³ÃÇí ·ñ³éáõÙÝ»ñ ϳï³ñ»É: ÏáÏ»ïáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É:
copiously [΄kəupiəsli] adv ³é³ïáñ»Ý. bleed coquetry [΄kɒkitri] n ÏáÏ»ïáõÃÛáõÝ, åÁã-
~ ß³ï ³ñÛáõÝ ÏáñóÝ»É: ñ³Ýù:
copper [΄kɒpə] n åÕÇÝÓ, åÕÝÓ» ϳÃë³. ~s coquette [kɒ΄ket] n ÏáÏ»ïáõÑÇ:
åÕÝÓ» ¹ñ³Ù: coral [΄kɒrəl] 1. n Ù³ñç³Ý. 2. a Ù³ñç³Ý,
copperas [΄kɒpərəs] n åÕÝÓ³ñç³ëå: Ù³ñç³Ý³·áõÛÝ:
copperhead [΄kɒpəhed] n ϻݹ. åÕÝÓûÓ: coral-island [΄kɒrəl‚ailənd] n Ïáñ³ÉÛ³Ý
copper plate [΄kɒpəpleit] 1. n åÕÝÓ» ï³Ë- ÏÕ½Ç:
ï³Ï (÷áñ³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ). 2. a ·»Õ³·ñ³Ï³Ý cord [kɔ:d] n å³ñ³Ý, ÃáÏ, ɳñ. silk ~ Ù»-
ӻ鳷Çñ: ï³ùë» å³ñ³Ý. vocal ~s Ó³Ûݳɳñ»ñ. spi-
copper-smith [΄kɒpəsmiθ] n åÕÝÓ³·áñÍ: nal ~ áÕÝáõÕ»Õ:
coppery [΄kɒpəri] a åÕÝÓ³·áõÛÝ: cord [kɔ:d] v å³ñ³Ýáí ϳå»É:
coppice [΄kɒpis] n ÷áùñÇÏ åáõñ³Ï: corded [΄kɔ:did] a ÃáÏáí/å³ñ³Ýáí ϳ-
copse [kɒps] n ÷áùñÇÏ åáõñ³Ï: å³Í:
copsewood [΄kɒpswuid] n Ù³ïÕ³ß ³Ýï³é: cordial [΄kɔ:diəl] 1. a ëñïÇ, ëñï³ÛÇÝ.
copula [΄kɒpjulə] n ù»ñ. ѳݷáõÛó: ëñï³·ÇÝ, ç»ñÙ. ~ welcome ç»ñÙ/ëñï³·ÇÝ
copulate [΄kɒpjuleit] v Ï»Ýë. ½áõ·³íáñ»É: ÁݹáõÝ»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ greetings ç»ñÙ/ëñï³·ÇÝ
copulation [‚kɒpju΄lei∫n] n ½áõ·³íáñáõÙ. áÕçáõÛÝ. 2. n ëñï³ÛÇÝ ¹»Õ:
ù»ñ. ϳåáõÙ, ϳå³ÏóáõÙ: cordiality [‚kɔ:di΄æləti] n ëÇñ³ÉÇñáõÃÛáõÝ,
copulative [΄kɒpjulətiv] n, a μ³ÕÑÛáõë³Ï³Ý ëñï³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ:
ß³Õϳå. ù»ñ. ß³ÕϳåáÕ:
corduroy 190 corporation

cordon [΄kɔ:dn] n ßñç³÷³Ï, Ïáñ¹áÝ (½ÇÝ- cornel [΄kɔ:nl] n, a μëμ. ÑáÝ. ÑáÝÇ:
íáñ³Ï³Ý, ë³ÝÇï³ñ³Ï³Ý ¨ ³ÛÉÝ): corner [΄kɔ:nə] n ³ÝÏÛáõÝ. opposite ~
corduroy [΄kɔ:dərɔi] n åÉÇëë», í»Éí»ï. ~s ¹ÇÙ³óÇ ³ÝÏÛáõÝ. right-hand ~ ³ç³ÏáÕÙÛ³Ý
åÉÇëë» ß³Éí³ñ: ³ÝÏÛáõÝ. round the ~ ³ÝÏÛ³Ý »ï¨áõÙ. in the
core [kɔ:] n ÙÇçáõÏ, Ïáñǽ, Ý»ñëÇ Ù³ëÁ. to ~ ³ÝÏÛáõÝáõÙ. at/on the ~ of the street ÷áÕáóÇ
the ~ ÙÇÝ㨠ËáñùÁ. rotten at the ~ ÷ã³ó³Í ³ÝÏÛáõÝáõÙ. out of the ~ of one’s eye ³ãùÇ
ÙÇÝ㨠áõÕÝ áõ ÍáõÍÁ. (¿áõÃÛáõÝ) the ~ of the åáãáí. the four ~s of the Earth ³ß˳ñÑÇ ãáñë
problem ѳñóÇ ¿áõÃÛáõÝÁ. English to the ~ ÏáÕÙ»ñÁ. be in a tight ~ ¹Åí³ñ ϳóáõÃÛ³Ý
ÙÇÝ㨠áõÕÝ áõ ÍáõÍÁ ³Ý·ÉdzóÇ. the hard ~ Ù»ç ÁÝÏÝ»É. drive into a ~ ݻջÉ, å³ïÇÝ ¹»Ù
ÙÇçáõÏÁ. ÑÙÏñ·. Ïáñǽ, ÑÇÙݳϳÝ. ~ net- ï³É. the ~ house ³ÝÏÛáõݳÛÇÝ ß»ÝùÁ. turn the
work μ³½³ÛÇÝ ó³Ýó. ~ storage ûå»ñ³ïÇí ~ ÷Ëμ. ¹Åí³ñ ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÇó ¹áõñë ·³É. a ~
ÑÇß³ë³ñù: Ùñ½. ýáõïμ. ³ÝÏÛáõݳÛÇÝ Ñ³ñí³Í:
cored [kɔ:d] a ¹³ï³ñÏ, ÷áõã: corner [΄kɔ:nə] v Ý»ÕÁ ·ó»É, å³ïÇÝ ë»ÕÙ»É:
coriander [‚kɒri΄ændə] n ë³ÙÇÃ: corner-stone [΄kɔ:nəstəun] n ³ÝÏÛáõݳ-
cork [kɔ:k] 1. n Ëó³Ý. ϳñÃÇ Ëó³ÝÇÏ. like ~ ù³ñ, ÑÇÙݳù³ñ:
ÉáÕáõÝ, çñÇ íñ³ ÉáÕ³óáÕ. ϻݹ. »Ýóϻը. cornet [΄kɔ:nit] n »ñÅß. ÏáéÝ»ï. í³ýÉÇ μ³-
2. a Ëó³Ý», Ëó³Ý³ÛÇÝ. »Ýóϻը³ÛÇÝ: ųÏÝ»ñáí å³Õå³Õ³Ï:
cork [kɔ:k] v Ëó³Ý»É, μ»ñ³ÝÁ ÷³Ï»É. corn-exchange [‚kɔ:niks΄t∫eindз] n ѳó³-
½ëå»É (½·³óÙáõÝùÝ»ñÁ). ~ a bottle ßÇßÁ ѳïÇÏÇ ßáõϳ:
Ëó³Ý»É. ~ one’s feelings ½·³óÙáõÝùÝ»ñÁ cornflakes [΄kɔ:nfleiks] n »·Çåï³óáñ»ÝÇ
½ëå»É. The wine is ~ed ¶ÇÝáõó Ëó³ÝÇ Ñáï ÓáÕÇÏÝ»ñ:
¿ ·³ÉÇë: corn-flour [΄kɔ:nflauə] n »·Çåï³óáñ»ÝÇ
corkage [΄kɔ:kidз] n Ëó³ÝáõÙ. Ëó³Ý³- ³ÉÛáõñ:
ѳÝáõÙ: corn-flower [΄kɔ:nflauə] n μëμ. ϳåáõÛï
corker [΄kɔ:kə] n ËëÏó. ѳݹáõ·Ý ëï³Ëá- ï»ñ»÷áõÏ:
ëáõÃÛáõÝ: cornice [΄kɔ:nis] n ×ñï. ùÇí:
cork-screw [΄kɔ:kskru:] n Ëó³Ý³Ñ³Ý: cornish [΄kɔ:ni∫] n ÏáñÝ³Ï³Ý É»½áõ, Ïáñ-
cork-tipped [΄kɔ:ktipd] a ~ cigarettes ýÇÉï- Ýáõ»ÉëÇ:
ñáí ëÇ·³ñ»ïÝ»ñ: cornucopia [‚kɔ:nju΄kəupiə] n ³é³ïáõ-
cork-tree [΄kɔ:ktri:] n Ëó³Ý³Í³é: ÃÛ³Ý »ÕçÛáõñ:
cork-wood [΄kɔ:kwu:d] n Ëó³Ý³Í³é: corny [΄kɔ:ni] a ѳó³Ñ³ïÇϳÛÇÝ, ѳó³-
corky [΄kɔ:ki] a Ëó³Ý³ÛÇÝ, Ëó³Ý». ËëÏó. ѳïÇϳíáñ. Ïáßïáõϳíáñ:
Ï»Ýëáõñ³Ë, ϳÛï³é: corolla [kə΄rɒlə] n μëμ. ͳÕϳåë³Ï:
corn I [kɔ:n] n ѳïÇÏ. Ñíù. ѳó³Ñ³ïÇÏ. corollary [kə΄rɒləri] n ѻ勉Ýù:
óáñ»Ý. ³Ù. »·Çåï³óáñ»Ý (ݳ¨ª Indian ~). corona [kə΄rəunə] n ³ñ¨Ç åë³Ï, ³ï³Ùݳ-
~ field »·Çåï³óáñ»ÝÇ ³ñï. standing ~ åë³Ï:
ãÑÝÓ³Í Ñ³ó³Ñ³ïÇÏ. a field of ~ ѳóÇ/óá- coronal [΄kɒrənl] n åë³Ï³ÛÇÝ, åë³Ï³Ó¨:
ñ»ÝÇ ³ñï. ~ on the cob ÏáÕñ»ñáí »·Çå- coronate [΄kɒrəneit] v ó·³¹ñ»É:
ïóáñ»Ý: coronation [‚kɒrə΄nei∫n] n ó·³¹ñáõÙ,
corn II [kɔ:n] n ÏáßïáõÏ. pet ~ ÏïÏ. ³Ù»Ý³- ó·³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
ó³íáï ï»ÕÁ. thread on one’s ~s ÷Ëμ. ½·³- coroner [΄kɒrənə] n ¹³ï³ùÝÝÇã. ~‘s inquest
ÛáõÝ ï»ÕÇÝ ¹Çåã»É: ¹³ï³ùÝÝÇãÇ Ñ»ï³ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
corn [kɔ:n] v ÙÇëÁ ³Õ»É/³Õ ¹Ý»É: coronet [΄kɒrənit] n ó·, ³å³ñáß:
corn-cob [΄kɔ:nkɒb] n »·Çåï³óáñ»ÝÇ corporal [΄kɔ:prəl] n ϳåñ³É, »Ýóëå³:
ÏáÕñ/ѳëÏ: corporal [΄kɔ:prəl] a Ù³ñÙݳϳÝ. ~ defects
cornea [΄kɔ:niə] n ϽÙË. ³ãùÇ »Õçñ³Ã³- ýǽÇÏ³Ï³Ý å³Ï³ëáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. ~ punish-
Õ³ÝÃ: ment Ù³ñÙÝ³Ï³Ý å³ïÇÅ:
corned [kɔ:nd] a ³Õ³Í, ³ÕÁ ¹ñ³Í. ~ beef corporate [΄kɔ:pərət] a ÁݹѳÝáõñ, μ³ÅÝ»-
³ÕÁ ¹ñ³Í ÙÇë: ïÇñ³Ï³Ý. ~ property/responsibility Áݹѳ-
Ýáõñ áõÝ»óí³Íù/å³ï³ë˳ݳïíáõÃÛáõÝ.
corps 191 corruption

~ shares/stock ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý μ³ÅÝ»ïáÙë»ñ: story doesn’t ~ to the facts ²Ûë å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝÁ


corporation [‚kɔ:pə΄rei∫n] n ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ãÇ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ë˳ÝáõÙ ÷³ëï»ñÇÝ.
ÙdzíáñáõÙ. municipal ~ ù³Õ³ù³ÛÇÝ í³ñ- (ÃÕóÏó»É) ~ with smb ÃÕóÏó»É Ù»ÏÇ Ñ»ï:
ãáõÃÛáõÝ. μ³ÅÝ»ïÇñ³Ï³Ý ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ: correspondence [‚kɒrə΄spɒndəns] n ѳ-
corps [kɔ:] n é½Ù. ½áñ³μ³Ý³Ï. Ïáñåáõë. Ù³å³ï³ë˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳٳÝÙ³Ýáõ-
diplomatic ~ ¹Çí³Ý³·Çï³Ï³Ý Ïáñåáõë. ~ ÃÛáõÝ. keep up a ~ with, be in ~ with ݳٳϳ-
de ballet μ³É»ï³ËáõÙμ: ·ñ³Ï³Ý ϳå áõݻݳÉ. read one’s ~ݳٳÏ-
corpse [kɔ:ps] n ¹Ç³Ï. the senseless ~ ³Ý- Ý»ñÁ ϳñ¹³É. ~ course Ñ»é³Ï³ áõëáõóáõÙ:
ßáõÝ㠹dzÏ, ³Ýϻݹ³Ý Ù³ñÙÇÝ: correspondent [‚kɒrə΄spɒndənt] 1. n
corpulence [΄kɔ:pjuləns] n Ù³ñÙÝ»ÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ÃÕóÏÇó. the ~ of “The Times” §Â³ÛÙë¦-Ç
·ÇñáõÃÛáõÝ: ÃÕóÏÇó. be a good/bad ~ ѳ׳Ë/ë³Ï³í
corpulent [΄kɔ:pjulənt] a Ù³ñÙÝ»Õ, ·»ñ, ·ñ»É. 2. a ѳٳå³ï³ë˳Ý:
ѳÕóݹ³Ù: corresponding [‚kɒrə΄spɒndiŋ] a ѳ-
corpus [΄kɔ:pəs] n ûñ»Ýë·Çñù, ÅáÕáí³Íáõ. Ù³å³ï³ë˳ÝáÕ, ѳٳå³ï³ë˳Ý.
~ juris ûñ»ÝùÝ»ñÇ ÅáÕáí³Íáõ: ÃÕóÏóáÕ:
corpuscle [΄kɔ:pΛsl] n Ù³ñÙÝÇÏ, ·Ý¹ÇÏ. corridor [΄kɒridɔ:] n ÙÇç³Ýóù:
red/white ~s ýǽÉ. ³ñÛ³Ý Ï³ñÙÇñ/ëåÇï³Ï corrigible [΄kɒridзəbl] a áõÕÕ»ÉÇ, ßïÏ»ÉÇ:
·Ý¹ÇÏÝ»ñ: corroborant [kə΄rɒbərənt] n μÅßÏ. ϳ½-
corpuscular [kɔ:΄pΛskjulə] a ³ïáÙ³ÛÇÝ, ¹áõñÇã ÙÇçáó:
÷áùñ³·áõÛÝ: corroborate [kə΄rɒbəreit] v ѳëï³ï»É,
correct [kə΄rekt] a ×Çßï, áõÕÇÕ, ëïáõÛ·. ÷³ëï»ñáí ÑÇÙݳíáñ»É:
ù³Õ³ù³í³ñÇ ~ idea/answer/decision ×Çßï corroboration [kə΄rɒbərei∫n] n ѳëï³-
·³Õ³÷³ñ/å³ï³ë˳Ý/áñáßáõÙ. a very ~ ïáõÙ, ÑÇÙݳíáñáõÙ. in ~ of the story Ç Ñ³ë-
young man ÏÇñÃ/Ïáé»Ïï »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹. the ~ ï³ïáõÙÝ ³Û¹ å³ïÙáõÃÛ³Ý:
time ×Çßï ųÙÁ. more or less ~ ³í»É ϳ٠corrode [kə΄rəud] v ù³Ûù³Ûí»É, Ù³ßí»É.
å³Ï³ë ×Çßï: ųݷáï»É:
correct [kə΄rekt] v áõÕÕ»É, ×ßï»É. ë˳ÉÝ corrodible [kə΄rəudibl] a ųݷáïÙ³Ý
áõÕÕ»É. ~ a mistake ë˳ÉÝ áõÕÕ»É. ~ proofs »Ýóϳ:
ëñμ³·ñ»É. ~ one’s watch áõÕÕ»É/ëïáõ·»É corrosion [kə΄rəuзn] n ųݷáïáõÙ, ųݷ.
ųٳóáõÛóÁ. ~ a child for rudeness »ñ»Ë³ÛÇÝ Ïáéá½Ç³:
¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É ÏáåïáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ: corrosive [kə΄rəusiv] n, a áõïÇã/ù³Ûù³ÛÇã
correction [kə΄rek∫n] n áõÕÕáõÙ, ëïáõ·áõÙ. ÝÛáõÃ, áõïÇã, Ù³ßÇã:
×ßïáõÙ. ÝϳïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ of mistakes corrugate [΄kɒrəgeit] v ͳÉÍÉí»É. ³É»-
ë˳ÉÝ»ñÇ áõÕÕáõÙ. ~ of essays ß³ñ³¹ñáõ- Ó¨/³ÉÇù³íáñ ¹³ñÓÝ»É:
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ëïáõ·áõÙ. He doesn’t like ~ âÇ corrugated [΄kɒrəgeitid] a ³ÉÇù³Ó¨, ³ÉÇ-
ëÇñáõÙ, »ñμ Çñ»Ý ¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ »Ý ³ÝáõÙ. ù³íáñ ~ iron/paper ͳÉù³íáñ Ù»ï³Õ, ³ÉÇ-
speak under ~ Ëáë»É ë˳ÉÝ»ñÝ ÁݹáõÝ»Éáí: ù³Ó¨ ÃáõÕÃ:
corrective [kə΄rektiv] 1. n ×ßïáõÙ, áõÕÕáõÙ. corrugation [‚kɒrə΄gei∫n] n ËáñßáÙáõÙ,
2. a áõÕÕÇã, áõÕÕáÕ. ×ßïáÕ. ~ glasses μÅßÏ. ÃáñßáÙáõÙ. ͳÉù³íáñáõÙ:
ϳñ·³íáñáÕ ³ÏÝáó: corrupt [kə΄rΛpt] a ÷ã³ó³Í, ³Ûɳë»ñí³Í.
corrector [kə΄rektə] n ëñμ³·ñÇã: ϳ߳éí³Í ~ practices ϳ߳é³Ï»ñáõÃÛáõÝ,
correlate [΄kɒrəleit] 1. n ѳñ³μ»ñ³Ï³Ý Ïáéáõåódz. a ~ society ÷ïáÕ Ñ³ë³ñ³-
ѳëϳóáõÃÛáõÝ. 2. v ѳñ³μ»ñ³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ text ³Õ׳ïí³Í ï»ùëï:
Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É. ѳñ³μ»ñ³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ Ñ³ëï³ï»É: corrupt [kə΄rΛpt] v ÷ã³óÝ»É, ³Ûɳë»ñ»É,
correlation [‚kɒrə΄lei∫n] n ѳñ³μ»ñ³Ïóáõ- ϳ߳é»É. ~ smb ÷ã³óÝ»É, ³Ûɳë»ñ»É. ~
ÃÛáõÝ: morals μ³ñù»ñÁ ³Ûɳë»ñ»É:
correlative [kə΄relətiv] n ѳñ³μ»ñ³Ïó³- corruptibility [kə‚rΛptə΄biləti] n ϳ-
ϳÝ: ß³é»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ:
correspond [‚kɒrə΄spɒnd] v ѳٳå³- corruptible [kə΄rΛptəbl] a ϳ߳é»ÉÇ.
ï³ë˳ݻÉ, ѳÙÁÝÏÝ»É. ѳٳӳÛÝ»É. This Ý»ËÙ³Ý/÷ïÙ³Ý/³Ûɳë»ñÙ³Ý »Ýóϳ:
corsage 192 council

corruption [kə΄rΛp∫n] n ϳ߳é³Ï»ñáõ- costly [΄kɒstli] a óÝÏ, óÝϳ·ÇÝ. a ~ apart-


ÃÛáõÝ, ³Ûɳë»ñí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ï»ùëïÇ ³Õ׳- ment óÝϳñÅ»ù μݳϳñ³Ý. a ~ victory
ïáõÙ: óÝÏ ·Ýáí Ó»éù μ»ñí³Í ѳÕóݳÏ:
corsage [kɔ:΄sa:з] n Çñ³Ý³Ï³É, Ïáñë³Å: cost price [΄kɒst prais] n ÇÝùݳñÅ»ù. sell at
corsair [΄kɔ:seə] n Íáí³Ñ»Ý, Íáí³ÛÇÝ ³í³- ~ ÇÝùݳñÅ»ùáí í³×³é»É:
½³Ï: costume [΄kɒstju:m] n (ϳݳóÇ) ÏáëïÛáõÙ.
corset [΄kɔ:sit] n ë»ÕÙÇñ³Ý, Ïáñë»ï: national ~ ³½·³ÛÇÝ ï³ñ³½. ~ jewellery
cortege [kɔ:΄teiз] n ßù³ËáõÙμ, ßù»ñÃ: Ï»ÕÍ ½³ñ¹»Õ»Ý:
cortex [΄kɔ:teks] n μëμ. ϻը. ϽÙË. ·ÉËáõ- cosy [΄kəuzi] n μ³ñ»Ñ³ñÙ³ñ, ѳݷëï³-
Õ»ÕÇ Ï»Õ¨: í»ï, ѳñÙ³ñ. a ~ room/atmosphere/chat
cosine [΄kəusain] n Ù³Ã. ÏáëÇÝáõë: ѳݷëï³í»ï ë»ÝÛ³Ï. ç»ñÙ ÙÃÝáÉáñï.
cosiness [΄kəuzinəs] n ѳñÙ³ñ³Ï»óáõÃÛáõÝ, μ³ñ»Ï³Ù³Ï³Ý ½ñáõÛó:
μ³ñ»Ñ³ñÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ: cot I [kɒt] n áã˳ñ³Ýáó, ÷³ñ³Ë:
cosmetic [kɒz΄metik]1. n ¹Çٳѳñ¹³ñÙ³Ý cot II [kɒt] n Ù³ÝÏ³Ï³Ý Ù³Ñ׳ϳÉ. Ù³ÑÇ×
ÙÇçáó. ~s ¹Çٳѳñ¹³ñáõÙ. 2. a ¹Çٳѳñ- (ݳíáõÙ). ß³ñÅ³Ï³Ý Ã»Ã¨ Ù³Ñ׳ϳÉ:
¹³ñ³Ï³Ý: cote [kəut] n ·áÙ, ÷³ñ³Ë:
cosmic [΄kɒzmik] a ïÇ»½»ñ³Ï³Ý: co-tenant [kəu΄tenənt] n í³ñӳϳɳÏÇó:
cosmonaut [΄kɒzmənɔ:t] n ïÇ»½»ñ³·Ý³ó: cottage [΄kɒtidз] n Ëñ×ÇÃ, ÑÛáõÕ, ïݳÏ. ~
cosmos [΄kɒzmɒs] n ïÇ»½»ñù. flight into the industries ïݳ·áñÍ³Ï³Ý ³ñ¹Ûáõݳμ»ñáõ-
~ ÃéÇãù ¹»åÇ ïÇ»½»ñù. the first man in the ~ ÃÛáõÝ. ~ cheese ßáé:
³é³çÇÝ Ù³ñ¹Á ïÇ»½»ñùáõÙ: cottager [΄kɒtidзə] n ·ÛáõÕ³μݳÏÇã. ³Ù.
cost [kɒst] n ³ñÅ»ù, ·ÇÝ, ͳËë. ~ of the trip ³Ù³é³Ýáó³μݳÏ:
áõÕ¨áñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñÅ»ùÁ/ͳËë»ñÁ. ~ of living cotton [΄kɒtn] 1. n μ³Ùμ³Ï, μ³Ùμ³Ï»ÝÇ.
ÏÛ³ÝùÇ ëå³éáÕ³Ï³Ý ³ñÅ»ùÁ. first ~ μ³Ùμ³Ï»Õ»Ý. spun ~ μ³Ùμ³ÏÇ Ù³Ýí³Íù.
ÇÝùݳñÅ»ù. prime ~ ·áñͳñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ~ wool μÅßÏ. μ³Ùμ³Ï. absorbent ~ Ëáݳí³-
ÇÝùݳñÅ»ù. initial ~ ݳËݳϳÝ/ÑÇÙݳ- ÍáõÍ μ³Ùμ³Ï. printed ~ ãÇÃ. 2. a μ³Ùμ³Ï»,
Ï³Ý ³ñÅ»ù. count the ~s ݳËÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ß- μ³Ùμ³ÏÇ. ~ mill ٳݳͳ·áñͳϳÝ/
í³ñÏ Ï³ï³ñ»É. at the ~ of áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ ·Ýáí. ï»ùëïÇÉ ·áñͳñ³Ý. ~ planter μ³Ùμ³Ï³-
at all ~s ³Ù»Ý ·Ýáí. fixed/indirect ~s ѳëï³- ·áñÍ. ~ spinner Ù³ÝáÕ μ³Ýíáñ:
ïáõÝ/³ÝáõÕÕ³ÏÇ Í³Ëë»ñ. at my ~ Ç٠ѳß- cotton [΄kɒtn] v ѳٳӳÛÝí»É, ѳñÙ³ñí»É.
íÇÝ. the ~ of freight ÷á˳¹ñÙ³Ý Í³Ëù»ñÁ. ~ on quickly ßáõï ѳëϳݳÉ:
below ~·ÝÇó/³ñÅ»ùÇó ó³Íñ. legal ~s ¹³- couch [kaut∫] n μ³½Ùáó, ¹Çí³Ý, óËï.
ï³Ï³Ý ͳËë»ñ. whatever the ~ ÇÝã ¿É ¹³ ûÃáó:
³ñŻݳ. I learnt this to my ~ ºë ¹³ ¹³éÁ cougar [΄ku:gə] n ϻݹ. åáõÙ³, Ïáõ·áõ³ñ:
÷áñÓÇó ·Çï»Ù: ~ factor ³ñÅ»ùÇ ·áñÍáÝ: cough [kɒf] n ѳ½. a fit of ~ ѳ½Ç Ýáå³. a bad
cost [kɒst] v ³ñŻݳÉ. Ýëï»É. ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É, ~ áõÅ»Õ Ñ³½. give a slight ~ ÙÇ Ã»Ã¨ ѳ½»É. ~
·ÇÝÁ áñáß»É. ~ little /a lot ¿Å³Ý/óÝÏ mixture ѳ½Ç Ñ»Õáõϳ¹»Õ (ÙÇùëïáõñ³):
³ñŻݳÉ. ~ what it may ÇÝã ¿É áñ ³ñŻݳ. it cough [kɒf] v ѳ½³É. ~ down ѳ½³Éáí
~ him many sleepless nights/his life ³ÝùáõÝ Éé»óÝ»É. ~ smth up ѳ½³Éáí ÏáÏáñ¹Á
·Çß»ñÝ»ñÇ/ÏÛ³ÝùÇ ·Ýáí. ~ articles/goods Ù³ùñ»É:
·Ý³Ñ³ï»É ³åñ³ÝùÁ. ~ a project áñáᯐ coulomb [΄ku:lɒm] n ¿É. ÏáõÉáÝ:
Íñ³·ñÇ ³ñÅ»ùÁ: council [΄kaunsl] n ËáñÑáõñ¹. World Peace
costal [΄kɒstl] a ÏáÕ³ÛÇÝ: C~ ʳճÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ß˳ñѳÛÇÝ ÏáÙÇ-
co-star [΄kəusta:] v ·É˳íáñ ¹»ñ Ë³Õ³É ï». C~ of Europe ºíñáËáñÑáõñ¹. Security ~
Ù»ÏÇ Ñ»ï ÙdzëÇÝ: ²Ýíï³Ý·áõÃÛ³Ý ËáñÑáõñ¹. C~ Chamber
coster (monger) [΄kɒstə (‚mΛŋgə)] n ßñçÇÏ ÜÇëï»ñÇ ¹³ÑÉÇ×. ~ of physicians μÅÇßÏÝ»ñÇ
³é¨ïñ³Ï³Ý: ÏáÝëÇÉÇáõÙ. take ~ ËáñÑñ¹³Ïó»É. keep one’s
costing [΄kɒstiŋ] ·Ý³Ñ³ïáõÙ, ·ÇÝÁ áñáß»ÉÁ: own ~ Ùï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ·³ÕïÝÇ å³Ñ»É, áã
costless [΄kɒstləs] a ÓñÇ, ³Ýí׳ñ: áùÇ Ñ»ï ãËáñÑñ¹³Ïó»É. Çñ³í. ÷³ëï³-
μ³Ý, ¹³ï³å³ßïå³Ý ~ for the defence
councillor 193 counterpoise

¹³ï³å³ßïå³Ý. ~ for the prosecution Ù»- counter [΄kauntə] adv Áݹ¹»Ù. act ~ smb’s
Õ³¹ñáÕ ÏáÕÙÇ ÷³ëï³μ³Ý. take ~ of one’s wishes ·áñÍ»É Áݹ¹»Ù/ѳϳé³Ï Ù»ÏÇ ó³Ý-
pillow ûñÁ ·³ Ñ»ïÁ μ³ñÇÝ, ³é³íáïí³ ÏáõÃÛ³Ý:
Ë»ÉùÁ »ñ»ÏáÛ³ÝÇó É³í ¿: counter [΄kauntə] v ѳϳ½¹»É, ¹ÇÙ³¹ñ»É,
councillor [΄kaunsilə] n ËáñÑñ¹Ç ³Ý¹³Ù: ѳϳ׳é»É. ~ an attack ѳñÓ³ÏáõÙÁ Ñ»ï
counsel [΄kaunsl] n ùÝݳñÏáõÙ, ËáñÑñ¹³Ï- ÙÕ»É. ~ agression ³·ñ»ëdzÛÇÝ ¹ÇÙ³¹ñ»É.
óáõÙ: They ~ed our proposal гϳé³Ï ³é³ç³ñ-
counsel [΄kaunsl] v ËáñÑáõñ¹ ï³É, ѳÝÓݳ- ÏáõÃÛáõÝ ÙïóñÇÝ. ~ with another question
ñ³ñ»É. ~ patience ѳÙμ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ËáñÑáõñ¹ ѳñóÇÝ Ñ³ñóáí å³ï³ë˳ݻÉ:
ï³É. The doctor ~ed him ´ÅÇßÏÁ Ýñ³Ý Ëáñ- counteract [‚kauntər΄ækt] v ùÇÙ. ѳϳ½-
Ñáõñ¹ ïí»ó: ¹»É, 㻽áù³óÝ»É:
counsellor [΄kaunslə] n ËáñÑñ¹³ïáõ, ÏáÝ- counteraction [‚kauntər΄æk∫n] n ѳϳ½-
ëáõÉï³Ýï: ¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳϳ½¹áõÙ:
counsellor-at-law [΄kaunsləætlɔ:] n (of) counterattack [΄kauntərə‚tæk] n ѳϳ-
ËáñÑñ¹³ïáõ, ÷³ëï³μ³Ý: ·ñáÑ. v ѳϳ·ñáÑ»É:
count I [kaunt] n ѳßÇí, ѳßíáõÙ. keep/loose counterattraction [‚kauntərə΄træk∫n] n
~ ѳßÇíÁ å³Ñ»É/ÏáñóÝ»É. take a ~ of ѳß- ѳϳé³Ï Ó·áճϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
íáõ٠ϳï³ñ»É, ѳßí»É. on all ~ Çñ³í. counterbalance [΄kauntəbæləns] n ѳϳ-
μáÉáñ ï»ë³Ï»ïÝ»ñÇó. blood ~s ³ñÛ³Ý ÏßÇé. [‚kauntə΄bæləns] v ѳí³ë³ñ³Ïßé»É:
³Ý³Éǽ: counterblast/blow [΄kauntəbla:st/bləu] n
count II [kaunt] n ÏáÙë: ѳϳѳñí³Í:
count [kaunt] v ѳßí»É, ѳÙñ»É. ~ days/ex- countercharge [΄kauntət∫a:dз] n ѳϳٻ-
penses ûñ»ñÁ/ͳËë»ñÁ ѳßí»É. ~ in one’s Õ³¹ñ³Ýù:
head Ùïùáõ٠ѳßí»É. ~ out/up change Ù³ÝñÁ counterclaim [΄kauntəkleim] n ѳϳѳÛó,
ѳßí»É. ~ wrong ëË³É Ñ³ßí»É. not ~ing ѳݹÇå³Ï³ó ѳÛó:
ãѳßí³Í. (ѳٳñ»É) I ~ him my best friend counterclockwise [‚kauntə΄klɒkwaiz] adv
ºë Ýñ³Ý ÇÙ ³Ù»Ý³É³í ÁÝÏ»ñÝ »Ù ѳٳ- ųٳóáõÛóÇ ëɳùÇ Ñ³Ï³é³Ï áõÕÕáõ-
ñáõÙ. He ~s himself lucky ܳ Çñ»Ý »ñç³ÝÇÏ ÃÛ³Ùμ:
¿ ѳٳñáõÙ. His age will ~ against him î³- counterdeed [΄kauntədi:d] n ·³ÕïÝÇ
ñÇùÁ Ýñ³Ý Ï˳ݷ³ñÇ. Can we ~ on you? å³Ûٳݳ·Çñ:
γñá±Õ »Ýù Ó»½ íñ³ ÑáõÛë ¹Ý»É. You can ~ counter-espionage [‚kauntər΄espiəna:з] n
on her ¸áõù ϳñáÕ »ù Ýñ³Ý ѳí³ï³É. My ѳϳѻï³Ëáõ½áõÃÛáõÝ:
opinion ~s for very little Æ٠ϳñÍÇùÁ ϳñ¨áñ counterfeit [΄kauntəfit] 1. n Ï»ÕÍÇù, ˳ñ-
ã¿. Every second ~s ²Ù»Ý í³ÛñÏÛ³ÝÁ Ý߳ݳ- ¹³ËáõÃÛáõÝ. 2. a Ï»ÕÍ, ßÇÝÍáõ, ˳ñ¹³Ë.
ÏáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝÇ. ~ for nothing áãÇÝã ãÝ߳ݳ- 3. v Ï»ÕÍ»É, ˳ñ¹³Ë»É, ˳μ»É:
Ï»É: counterfeiter [΄kauntəfitə] n Ï»Õͳñ³ñ,
countdown [΄kauntdaun] n ųٳݳÏÇ ¹ñ³Ù³Ý»Ý·:
ѳßíáõÙÁ: counterfoil [΄kauntəfɔil] n ïáÙë³·ñùÇ
countenance [΄kauntənəns] n ¹»ÙùÇ ³ñ- ÏéݳÏ/Ïá×Õ:
ï³Ñ³ÛïáõÃÛáõÝ, ¹»Ùù. keep one’s ~ Ï»ñå³- countermand [‚kauntə΄ma:nd] n ѳϳ-
ñ³ÝùÁ ã÷áË»É. change one’s ~ ¹ÇÙ³÷áË- Ññ³Ù³Ý:
í»É, ³ÛɳÛÉí»É. lose ~ Çñ»Ý ÏáñóÝ»É. put out counter-measure [΄kauntə‚meзə] n ѳϳ-
of ~ ß÷áûóÝ»É. (³ç³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ) keep on in ~ ÙÇçáó:
³ç³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ óáõÛó ï³É. lend one’s ~ to counter-offensive [‚kauntərə΄fensiv] n
ë³ï³ñ»É, Ý»óáõÏ ÉÇÝ»É: ѳϳѳñÓ³ÏáõÙ:
counter [΄kauntə] n í³×³é³ë»Õ³Ý. ˳ճ- counterpart [΄kauntəpa:t] n ÏñÏÝáñ¹,
ÝÇß. fresh meat ~ óñÙ ÙëÇ μ³ÅÇÝ/í³×³é³- å³ï×»Ý, ÏñÏûñÇݳÏ, ÏñÏݳÏ. He is my ~
ë»Õ³Ý. sell under the ~ ï³ÏÇó ͳ˻É. ~ here ܳ ³Ûëï»Õ ÝáõÛÝ å³ßïáÝÝ áõÝÇ (ÇÝã
Ùñ½. /Ù³ñ½³/ÏáßÇÏÇ ÏñÝϳٳë: »ë ³ÛÝï»Õ). This vase has no ~ ²Ûë ͳÕϳ-
counter [΄kauntə] a ѳϳ¹Çñ, ѳϳé³Ï: Ù³ÝÁ »½³ÏÇ ¿. »ñÏñáñ¹ ûñÇÝ³Ï ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ
counter-revolution 194 court

ãáõÝÇ: coupler [΄kΛplə] n ï»Ë. ÙdzóÝáÕ ·áñÍÇù,


counterpoise [΄kauntəpɔiz] n ѳϳÏßÇé. Ïóáñ¹Çã:
ѳí³ë³ñ³ÏßéáõÃÛáõÝ: couplet [΄kΛplət] n »ñÏïáÕ áï³Ý³íáñ:
counter-revolution [‚kauntərevə΄lu:∫n] n coupling [΄kΛpliŋ] n ÙdzÏóáõÙ, ÙdzíáñáõÙ:
ѳϳѻճ÷áËáõÃÛáõÝ: coupon [΄ku:pɒn] n ÏïñáÝ, ï³ÉáÝ:
countersign [΄kauntəsain] n í³í»ñ³·ñ»É, courage [΄kΛridз] n ù³çáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳٳñÓ³-
ѳëï³ï»É: ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. show ~ ù³çáõÃÛáõÝ óáõó³μ»ñ»É.
countersignature [‚kauntə΄signət∫ə] n take ~ ѳٳñÓ³Ïí»É. have the ~ ù³çáõÃÛáõÝ
í³í»ñ³·ñáõÙ, ѳëï³ïáõÙ. ѳëï³ïáÕ áõݻݳÉ. have the ~ of conviction ³Ùáõñ ÉÇÝ»É
(»ñÏñáñ¹) ëïáñ³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ: Çñ ѳÙá½ÙáõÝùÝ»ñáõÙ. pluck up ~ Ëǽ³-
counterweight [΄kauntəweit] n ѳϳÏßÇé Ë»É, ëÇñï ³éÝ»É:
(ݳ¨ª ÷Ëμ.)£ courageous [kə΄reidзəs] a ù³ç, ѳٳñÓ³Ï,
counterwork [΄kauntəwə:k] n ѳϳ½¹»- Ëǽ³Ë, ³ñÇ:
óáõÃÛáõÝ. ѳϳé³Ï ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝ: courier [΄kuriə] n ëáõñѳݹ³Ï, Éñ³μ»ñ,
countess [΄kauntis] n ÏáÙëáõÑÇ: ·áñͳϳÉ. (ïáõñÇëï³Ï³Ý ËÙμÇ) áõÕ»Ï-
countless [΄kauntləs] a ³ÝѳßÇí, ³ÝÃÇí, óáñ¹:
³Ýѳٳñ: course [kɔ:s] n áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝ, Ïáõñë. the shipis
count-out [΄kauntaut] n ѳßÇí, ѳßí³ñÏ: on/off ~ ݳíÁ Çñ Ïáõñëáí ¿ ·ÝáõÙ/ÏáõñëÇó
country [΄kΛntri] 1. n »ñÏÇñ. great/free/for- ß»ÕíáõÙ ¿. set one’s ~ to áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝ í»ñóÝ»É.
eign ~ Ù»Í/³½³ï/ûï³ñ »ñÏÇñ. come to a ~ the ~ of a river ·»ïÇ ÁÝóóùÁ/ÑáõÝÁ. (ÁÝ-
»ñÏÇñ ·³É. conscript ~ ½Çݳå³ñï/áõÃÛáõÝ Ã³óù) ~ of action ·áñͻɳϻñå, ·áñÍ»Éáõ
áõÝ»óáÕ/»ñÏÇñ. (ѳÛñ»ÝÇù) mother ~ »Õ³Ý³Ï. ~ of events Çñ³¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ
ѳÛñ»ÝÇù. die for one’s ~ ½áÑí»É ѳÝáõÝ ÁÝóóùÁ. in due ~ å³ïß³× Å³Ù³Ý³Ï. in
ѳÛñ»ÝÇùÇ. the ~ ·ÛáõÕ, ·ÛáõÕ³Ï³Ý í³Ûñ. the ~ of ÁÝóóùáõÙ, in the ~ of conversa-
live in the ~ ·ÛáõÕáõÙ ³åñ»É. spend the day in tion/business ½ñáõÛóÇ/·áñÍÇ ÁÝóóùáõÙ. in
the ~ ûñÁ ù³Õ³ùÇó ¹áõñë ³ÝóϳóÝ»É. ~ the ~ of month ³Ùëí³ ÁÝóóùáõÙ. in the ~ of
house ³Ù³é³Ýáó. ³ßËñ·. ï³ñ³Íù, í³Ûñ nature ÁݹáõÝí³Í ϳñ·, ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý μ³Ý.
mountainous/wooded/deserted ~ É»éÝáï/³Ý- There was no ~ open àõñÇß »Éù ãϳñ. (¹³ë-
ï³é³ÛÇÝ/ ³Ý³å³ï³ÛÇÝ í³Ûñ. from all ÁÝóó) correspondence ~s Ñ»é³Ï³ ¹³ëÁÝ-
parts of the ~ »ñÏñÇ μáÉáñ ͳÛñ»ñÇó. 2. a óóÝ»ñ. summer ~ ³Ù³é³ÛÇÝ ¹³ëÁÝóó-
·ÛáõճϳÝ, ·³í³é³ÛÇÝ: Ý»ñ. a ~ of lectures ¹³ë³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ
country-man [΄kΛntrimən] n ѳÛñ»Ý³ÏÇó. Ïáõñë. race ~ Ùñ½. Ùñó³ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. not
fellow ~ ѳٻñÏñ³óÇ: to stay the ~ Ùñó³í³½ùÇó ¹áõñë ÁÝÏÝ»É.
country-seat [‚kΛntri΄si:t] n ϳÉí³Í³- ËÑñ. Ï»ñ³Ïáõñ, Ï»ñ³Ïñ³ï»ë³Ï a three ~
ïáõÝ, ϳÉí³Íù: dinner 3 Ï»ñ³Ïñ³ï»ë³ÏÇó μ³Õϳó³Í
country-side [΄kΛntrisaid] n ·ÛáõÕ³Ï³Ý ×³ß. the first ~ ³é³çÇÝ ï»ë³ÏÁ. as a matter
í³Ûñ, ·ÛáõÕ: of ~ ÇÝùÝÇÝ Ñ³ëϳݳÉÇ μ³Ý. of ~
country-woman [΄kΛntri ‘wumən] n ѳÛ- ³Ýßáõßï, ÇѳñÏ»:
ñ»Ý³ÏóáõÑÇ: court [kɔ:t] 1. n μ³Ï. ˳ճÑñ³å³ñ³Ï,
county [΄kaunti] n ÏáÙëáõÃÛáõÝ (²Ý·Édz): Ù³ñ½³Ï³Ý Ññ³å³ñ³Ï. tennis ~ ûÝÇëÇ
coup [ku:] n ѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳçáÕ ù³ÛÉ/ Ññ³å³ñ³Ï. Çñ³í. ¹³ï³ñ³Ý, ¹³ï³íáñ-
ѳñí³Í. bring off a ~ ѳçáÕ ù³ÛÉ ³Ý»É£ Ý»ñ (ݳ¨ª ~ of justice). Supreme ~ ·»ñ³·áõÛÝ
coup d’etat [‚ku:dei΄ta:] n å»ï³Ï³Ý/å³- ¹³ï³ñ³Ý. C~ of appeal í×é³μ»Ï ¹³ï³-
ɳï³Ï³Ý ѻճßñçáõÙ: ñ³Ý. martial ~ é³½Ù³¹³ßï³ÛÇÝ ¹³ï³-
couple [΄kΛpl] n ½áõÛ·. a married ~ ³Ùáõëݳ- ñ³Ý. in ~ ¹³ï³ñ³ÝáõÙ. contempt of ~ ³Ý-
Ï³Ý ½áõÛ·. in ~s ½áõÛ·»ñáí. a ~ of apples ÙÇ Ñ³ñ·³ÉÇó í»ñ³μ»ñÙáõÝù ¹³ï³ñ³ÝÇ
ù³ÝÇ ËÝÓáñ. a ~ of days ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ ûñ. We had ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ. bring a case/smb to ~ áñ¨¿ Ù»ÏÇÝ
a ~ (in the bar) Ø»Ýù ÙÇ-ÙÇ ·³í³Ã ËÙ»óÇÝù: ¹³ïÇ ï³É. settle affairs out of ~ ѳñóÁ
couple [΄kΛpl] v ÙdzóÝ»É. »ñÏÃ. í³·áÝÝ»ñÁ ³é³Ýó ¹³ï³ñ³ÝÇ ÉáõÍ»É. The ~ sentenced
Ïó»É. ϻݹ. ½áõ·³íáñ»É: him ¸³ï³ñ³ÝÁ ¹³ï³å³ñï»ó Ýñ³Ý.
court 195 cower

(³ñùáõÝÇù) at ~ ³ñùáõÝÇùáõÙ. hold a ~ ÓÛáõÝáí. ~ one’s expenses ͳËë»ñÁ ͳÍÏ»É.


³ñùáõÝÇùáõÙ ÁݹáõÝ»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñ- ~ a card ˳ճÃáõÕÃÁ ͳÍÏ»É. ~ oneself with
å»É. 2. a å³É³ïÇ, ³ñùáõÝÇùÇ. ¹³ï³- glory Çñ»Ý ÷³éùáí å³ï»É. ~ a saucepan
ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ: ϳÃë³Ý ÷³Ï»É. ~ the child with a blanket
court [kɔ:t] v ëÇñ³Ñ»ï»É, ëÇñ³ï³Í»É. »ñ»Ë³ÛÇÝ í»ñÙ³Ïáí ÷³Ã³Ã»É. (å³ßï-
Ó·ï»É. ~ a woman ÏÝáçÁ ëÇñ³Ñ»ï»É. ~ pop- å³Ý»É) The insurance ~s against fire ²å³Ñá-
ularity ÅáÕáíñ¹³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ó·ï»É. ~ disas- í³·ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ å³ßïå³ÝáõÙ ¿ Ññ¹»ÑÇó. He
ter ·ÉËÇÝ ÷áñÓ³Ýù μ»ñ»É/Ïáã»É. a ~ing cou- said it to ~ himself ܳ ¹³ ³ë»ó Çñ»Ý å³ßï-
ple ëÇñ³Ñ³ñ ½áõÛ·: å³Ý»Éáõ ѳٳñ. (óùóÝ»É, ùáÕ³ñÏ»É) ~
courtesan [‚kɔ:ti΄zæ:n] n Ïáõñïǽ³ÝáõÑÇ, confusion ß÷áÃÙáõÝùÁ óùóÝ»É. (ï³ñ³Íáõ-
ûè³μ³ñá ÏÇÝ: ÃÛáõÝ Ïïñ»É, ³ÝóÝ»É) ~ the distance in an hour
courteous [΄kə:tiəs] a ù³Õ³ù³í³ñÇ, μ³- ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ù»Ï Å³ÙáõÙ ³ÝóÝ»É. ~ a
ñ»ÏÇñÃ: problem ѳñóÁ Éáõë³μ³Ý»É (ݳ¨` Ù³Ùáõ-
courtesy [΄kə:təsi] n ù³Õ³ù³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ÉáõÙ). The thesis ~s a wide field »½Ý Áݹ-
μ³ñ»ÏñÃáõÃÛáõÝ. by the ~ ßÝáñÑÇí ëÇñ³ÉÇ- ·ñÏáõÙ ¿ ɳÛÝ ßñç³Ý³Ï. ~ up for smb Ù»ÏÇ
ñáõÃÛ³Ý. do the ~ å³ïí»É, å³ïÇí ï³É. Ù»ÕùÁ óùóÝ»É:
with scant ~ ³ÝëÇñ³ÉÇñ Ï»ñåáí: coverage [΄kΛvəridз] n ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý
courtier [΄kɔ:tiə] n å³É³ï³Ï³Ý: áÉáñï/ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñ. Éáõë³μ³ÝáõÙ (Ù³Ùáõ-
courtly [΄kɔ:tli] a Ýáõñμ, Ýñμ³·»Õ: ÉáõÙ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ). Éñ³Ñ³Õáñ¹áõÙ. control of ~
court-martial [‚kɔ:t΄ma:∫l] 1. n é³½Ù³Ï³Ý Éáõë³μ³ÝÙ³Ý í»ñ³ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. degree of
ïñÇμáõݳÉ. 2. v ¹³ï»É é³½Ù³Ï³Ý ïñÇ- ~ Áݹ·ñÏÙ³Ý ³ëïÇ׳ÝÁ/ßñç³Ý³ÏÁ. uni-
μáõݳÉáí: versal ~ ѳÙÁݹѳÝáõñ Áݹ·ñÏáõÙ. insur-
courtroom [΄kɔ:trum] n ¹³ï³ñ³ÝÇ/¹³- ance ~ ³å³Ñáí³·ñáõÃÛ³Ý ßñç³Ý³ÏÝ»ñÁ:
ï³ñ³Ý ÝÇëï»ñÇ ¹³ÑÉÇ×: coverall(s) [΄kΛvərɔ:l(z)] n μ³Ýíáñ³Ï³Ý
courtship [΄kɔ:t∫ip] n ëÇñ³ï³ÍáõÙ: ³ñï³Ñ³·áõëï:
courtyard [΄kɔ:tja:d] n μ³Ï (Ý»ñùÇÝ): covering [΄kΛvəriŋ] n ͳÍÏáó, ß³åÇÏ. a ~
cousin [΄kΛzn] n Ùáñ³ùñáç/Ñáñ³ùñáç/ù»- letter áõÕ»ÏóáÕ Ý³Ù³Ï:
éáõ/Ñáñ»Õμáñ ïÕ³/³ÕçÇÏ: coverlet [΄kΛvələt] n Ù³Ñ׳ϳÉÇ Í³ÍÏáó:
couture [ku΄tjuə] n Ùṻɳ·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ. covert [΄kΛvət] n ³Ýï³éÇ Ã³íáõï. ³ñ·»-
haute ~ μ³ñÓñ³ß˳ñÑÇÏ Ýáñ³Ó¨áõÃÛáõÝ£ ɳÝáó:
couturier [ku΄tjuərei] n μ³ñÓñ³Ï³ñ· Ùá¹»- covert [΄kΛvət] a ͳÍáõÏ, ùáÕ³ñÏí³Í,
ɳ·áñÍ(áõÑÇ): ·³ÕïÝÇ. a ~ threat/sneer ùáÕ³ñÏí³Í ëå³é-
cove I [kəuv] n ³ßËñ·. ÷áùñÇÏ Íáí³Íáó. ݳÉÇù/ùÙÍÇͳÕ. a ~ glance ·³Õï³·áÕÇ
×ñï. ϳٳñ: ѳ۳óù:
cove II [kəuv] n ËëÏó. ç³Ñ»É ïÕ³. He is an covet [΄kΛvit] v ݳ˳ÝÓ»É, ³ãù áõݻݳɣ
odd/rum ~ î³ñûñÇÝ³Ï ïÕ³ ¿. topping ~ ¹³- covetous [΄kΛvitəs] a ³·³Ñ, ÁÝã³ù³Õó.
ÑÇ×: ݳ˳ÝÓ:
covenant [΄kΛvənənt] n ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ. cow [kau] n Ïáí. ¿· (÷ÕÇ/Ï»ïÇ/éÝ·»ÕçÛáõñÇ
Çñ³í. å³Ûٳݳ·Çñ, å³ñï³íáñ³·Çñ. ~s ¨ ³ÛÉÝ). feed, keep/milk a ~ Ïáí å³Ñ»É/ÏûÉ.
å³Ûٳݳ·ñÇ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ: keep ~s ³Ý³ëáõÝÝ»ñ å³Ñ»É. dry ~ ëï»ñç
cover [΄kΛvə] n ͳÍÏáó, ϳ÷³ñÇã. ~ of the Ïáí. grunting ~ Û³Ï.
book ·ñùÇ Ï³½Ù. from ~ to ~ ÷Ëμ. ͳÛñÇó cow [kau] v í³Ë»óÝ»É, ³Ñ³μ»Ï»É:
ͳÛñ, ëϽμÇó ÙÇÝ㨠í»ñç. loose ~ ͳÍÏáó coward [΄kauəd] n í³ËÏáï/»ñÏãáï Ù³ñ¹. a
(ã»ËáÉ). take ~ from the rain ³ÝÓñ¨Çó sad ~ μ³ó³Ñ³Ûï í³ËÏáï Ù³ñ¹. too much
å³ïëå³ñí»É. take ~ from the pursuers of a ~ ß³ï í³ËÏáï Ù³ñ¹:
Ñ»ï³åݹáÕÝ»ñÇó óùÝí»É. under ~ of night cowardice [΄kauədis] n í³ËÏáïáõÃÛáõÝ,
·Çß»ñí³ Í³ÍÏÇ ï³Ï. under military ~ é½Ù. »ñÏãáïáõÃÛáõÝ:
Ññ»ï³Ýáõ ͳÍÏÇ ï³Ï: cowardly [΄kauədli] a ÷áùñá·Ç, ëïáñ³-
cover [΄kΛvə] v ͳÍÏ»É, å³ï»É, ëùáÕ»É. The ù³ñß, ÃáõɳÙáñÃ:
ground is ~ed with snow ¶»ïÇÝÁ ͳÍÏí³Í ¿ cow-boy [΄kaubɔi] n Ïáí³ñ³Í. ³Ù. ÏáíμáÛ,
cowherd 196 cranberry

Ódzíáñ ÑáíÇí: ïÛáõÝ. ×Ã×Ãáó. v ׳ñ׳ï»É, ×Ã×óÉ:


cower [΄kauə] v ÏÍÏí»É (í³ËÇó/óñïÇó): crackling [΄krækliŋ] n ׳ñ׳ïÛáõÝ. ï³-
cowherd [΄kauhə:d] n Ïáí³ñ³Í, ï³í³- å³Ï³Í Ëá½Ç ÙÇë:
ñ³Í: cracknel [΄kræknl] n ÷ËñáõÝ ÃËí³Íù:
cowl [΄kaul] n í»Õ³ñ. ËëÏó. í³Ý³Ï³Ý: cracksman [΄kræksmən] n Ïáïñ³Ýùáí
cowlick [΄kaulik] n Ù³½³÷áõÝç: ·áÕáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³ï³ñáÕ:
cowshed [΄kau∫ed] n Ïáí³Ýáó, ·áÙ: cracky [΄kræki] a ׳ù³Í. ËëÏó. ˻ɳ·³ñ,
coxcomb [΄kɒkskəum] n å×ݳÙáÉ, ÇÝùݳ- ³ÝÝáñÙ³É:
ѳí³Ý/÷áõã Ù³ñ¹: cradle [΄kreidl] n ûñáñáó. ÷Ëμ. ³ÏáõÝù.
coy [kɔi] a ³ÙáÃ˳Í, ³Ù³ãÏáï. ÏáÏ»ï: from the ~ to the grave ÍÝáõݹÇó ÙÇÝ㨠ٳÑ:
coyote [kɔi΄əut] n ϻݹ. ¹³ßï³·³ÛÉ, ÏáÛáï: cradling [΄kreidliŋ] n ûñáñáõÙ. a ϳٳñ³-
CPU [si:pi:ju:] (Central Processing Unit ϳå, ϳٳñ³Ï³É:
[΄sentrəl ΄prəusesiŋ΄ju:nit]) ÑÙÏñ·. Ï»Ýïñá- craft [kra:ft] n ³ñÑ»ëï, ½μ³ÕÙáõÝù. ÑÙïáõ-
Ý³Ï³Ý åñáó»ëáñ: ÃÛáõÝ, ׳ñåÏáõÃÛáõÝ. Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ.
crab [kræb] n ϻݹ. Íáí³Ë»ó·»ïÇÝ, Ïñ³μ: Íáí. ݳí. ~ of all kinds ï³ñμ»ñ ï»ë³ÏÇ
crabapple [kræb΄æpl] n í³ÛñÇ ËÝÓáñ/ ݳí»ñ. small ~ ݳí³ÏÝ»ñ. landing ~ ¹»ë³Ý-
ËÝÓáñ»ÝÇ: ï³ÛÇÝ ÇÝùݳ·Ý³ó ݳí:
crabby [΄kræbi] a ϳٳÏáñ, ¹Ûáõñ³·ñ·Çé: craftsman [΄kra:ftsmən] n ³ñÑ»ëï³íáñ,
crack [kræk] n ׳ÛÃÛáõÝ. the ~ of rifle shots Ù³ëݳ·»ï. Çñ ·áñÍÇ í³ñå»ï:
Ññ³ó³ÝÇ Ïñ³ÏáóÇ ×³ÛÃÛáõÝ. the ~ of a whip craftsmanship [΄kra:ftsmən∫ip] n í³ñå»-
Ùïñ³ÏÇ ß³é³ãÛáõÝ. (×»Õù, ×»Õùí³Íù) a ~ ïáõÃÛáõÝ:
in a wall/cup ×»Õù μ³Å³ÏÇ íñ³/å³ïÇÝ. at crafty [΄kra:fti] a ׳ñåÇÏ, ׳ñï³ñ, ÑÙáõï.
~ of a dawn ÷Ëμ. Éáõë³μ³óÇÝ. (ѳñí³Í) Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏ, ݻݷ:
give a ~ on the head ·ÉËÇÝ Ñ³ñí³Í»É. in a~ crag [kræg] n ųÛé, ù³ñ³÷:
ÙÇ ³ÏÝóñÃáõÙ. make a ~ ϳï³ÏÝ»ñ ³Ý»É. craggy [΄krægi] a ųÛéáï:
a ÁÝïÇñ, ÑÙáõï. ~ troops ÁÝïÇñ ½áñ³Ù³- cragsman [΄krægzmən] n ³ÉåÇÝÇëï:
ë»ñ. be a ~ shot ÑÙáõï/¹ÇåáõÏ Ññ³ÓÇ· ÉÇÝ»É: crake [kreik] n ϻݹ. çñ³Ñ³í:
crack [kræk] v ßñËϳóÝ»É, ãËϳóÝ»É. ~ a cram [kræm] v ËÇëï/ã³÷Çó ³í»ÉÇ ÉóÝ»É.
whip Ùïñ³Ïáí ß³é³ã»É. ~ a joke(s) ÷Ëμ. ËóÏ»É. ×Ëï»É. ~ one’s case with clothes
ϳï³ÏÝ»ñ ³Ý»É. (Ïáïñ»É, Ïáïñí»É) ~ nuts ׳ÙåñáõÏÁ Çñ»ñáí ÉóÝ»É. ~ food into one’s
ÁÝÏáõÛ½ Ïáïñ»É. ~ smb’s scull Ù»ÏÇ ·ÉáõËÁ mouth μ»ñ³ÝÁ áõï»ÉÇùáí ÉÇùÁ ÉóÝ»É. The
ç³ñ¹»É. the mirror ~ed ѳۻÉÇÝ ×³ù»ó. a ~ed hall was ~ med ¸³ÑÉÇ×Á É»÷-É»óáõÝ ¿ñ.
plate ׳ù³Í ³÷ë». my hands are ~ed (í³ñÅ»óÝ»É, å³ïñ³ëï»É) ~ a pupil for the
Ó»éù»ñë ׳ù»É »Ý. μ»Ïí»É, Ïïñí»É/Ó³ÛÝÇ exam ³ß³Ï»ñïÇÝ ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝÇó ³é³ç
Ù³ëÇÝ/ in a ~ed voice ¹áÕ¹áçáõÝ Ó³ÛÝáí. å³ïñ³ëï»É/í³ñÅ»óÝ»É. ~ (up) history
(׳ÛûÉ) a branch ~ed under foot áïùÇ ï³Ï å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝÁ ë»ñï»É:
×ÛáõÕ ×³Ûûó. ~ under the strain ËëÏó., ÷Ëμ. crammer [΄kræmə] n ¹³ëáõëáõÛó, ë»ñï³-
ɳñí³ÍáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ã¹ÇٳݳÉ. The old man is ñ³ñ:
~ing up Ì»ñáõÝÇÝ ëÏëáõÙ ¿ ѳÝÓÝí»É. get cramp [kræmp] n çÕ³Ó·áõÃÛáõÝ. ~s ÏÍÏáõÙ,
~ing ·áñÍÇ ³ÝóÝ»É. The police are ~ing down óÝóáõÙ. I’ve got ~ in my foot/fingers àïùë
on gambling àëïÇϳÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ å³Ûù³ñáõÙ Ó·í»ó, Ù³ïÝ»ñë Ó·í»óÇÝ:
¿ ˳ճÙáÉáõÃÛ³Ý ¹»Ù: cramp [kræmp] v çÕ³Ó·áõÃÛáõÝ ³é³ç³ó-
crack-brained [΄krækbreind] a ÃáõɳÙÇï, Ý»É. ݻճóÝ»É, ë»ÕÙ»É, ϳßϳݹ»É. We’re
ïϳñ³ÙÇï: very ~ ed for room Ø»ñ μݳϳñ³ÝÁ ß³ï
cracked [krækt] a ˻ɳ·³ñ, ˻ɳóÝáñ: Ý»Õí³Íù ¿. ~ one’s style ˳Ëï»É, ³Õ³í³-
cracker [΄krækə] n ÑñÃÇé. ÏáïñÇã. ãáñ Õ»É Ù»ÏÇ á×Á:
ÃËí³Íù, ùñ»ù»ñ. nut ~ ÁÝÏáõÛ½ ÏáïñÇã. be cramped [kræmpt] a çÕ³Ó·í³Í, ë»ÕÙí³Í,
~s ËëÏó. ˻ɳ·³ñí»É, óݹ»É. He is ~s ܳ ×Ýßí³Í. ~ handwriting ³ÝÁÝûéÝ»ÉÇ Ó»é³-
óݹ»É ¿: ·Çñ. ~ style ë»ÕÙ á×:
crackle [΄krækl] n í³éíáÕ ÷³ÛïÇ ×³ñ׳- cranberry [΄krænbəri] n μëμ. Éáñ³Ùñ·Ç
crane 197 crease

(ѳï³åïáõÕ): ËëÏó. ¹³Ý¹³Õ ½μáëÝ»É. go for a pub ~ ·Ý³É


crane [krein] n ϻݹ. ÏéáõÝÏ. ï»Ë. ³Ù- ËÙ»Éáõ. the ~ Ùñ½. ÏñáÉ. (ÉáÕÇ Ó¨):
μ³ñÓÇã ÏéáõÝÏ: crawl [krɔ:l] v ëáÕ³É. ¹³Ý¹³Õ ß³ñÅí»É.
cranium [΄kreiniəm] n ·³Ý·: snakes/insects ~ ûÓ»ñÁ/ÙÇç³ïÝ»ñÁ ëáÕáõÙ
crank I [kræŋk] n ï»Ë. ³ñÙáõÝÏ, ÍáõÝÏ, »Ý. The baby was ~ing on the floor Ù³ÝÏÇÏÁ
ÍÝϳíáñ ÉͳÏ: ëáÕáõÙ ¿ñ ѳï³ÏÇÝ. The dog ~ed into/out of
crank II [kræŋk] n ï³ñûñÇݳÏ/ùÙ³Ñ³× his kennel ÞáõÝÁ Ý»ñë/¹áõñë ëáÕ³ó Çñ μÝÇó.
Ù³ñ¹: The weeks ~ed by ÷Ëμ. Þ³μ³ÃÝ»ñÁ
cranked [kræŋkt] a ÍÝϳíáñ, Íéí³Í: ¹³Ý¹³Õ ³ÝóÝáõÙ ¿ÇÝ. (ùÍÝ»É) ~ to smb Ù»ÏÇ
cranky [΄kræŋki] a ˳Ëáõï, Ãáõɳó³Í. ³é³ç ëïáñ³ù³ñßáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É. (íËï³É)
ùٳѳ×. ï³ñûñÇݳÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ áõÝ»óáÕ: The ground was ~ing with ants ØñçÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ
crape [kreip] n Ïñ»å, ßÕ³ñß. (Ù»ï³ùë) íËïáõÙ ¿ÇÝ ãáñë ÏáÕÙÁ:
÷Ëμ. ëáõ·, ë·³ßáñ: crawler [΄krɔ:lə] n ëáÕáõÝ, ¹³Ý¹³Õ ÁÝó-
crapulence [΄kræpjuləns] n ·ÇÝáíáõÃÛáõÝ: óáÕ. ùÍÝáÕ/ëïáñ³ù³ñß Ù³ñ¹:
crapulent [΄kræpjulənt] a ·ÇÝáí ѳñμ³Í: crayfish [΄kreifi∫] n ϻݹ. Ë»ó·»ïÇÝ:
crash [kræ∫] n ß³é³ãÛáõÝ, ÃݹÛáõÝ. íóñ, crayon [΄kreiɒn] n ·áõݳíáñ ϳíÇ×/Ù³-
Ëáñï³ÏáõÙ. Ïñ³Ë, ëݳÝϳóáõÙ: ïÇï. Ýϳñã³Ï³Ý ³ÍáõË. /·áõݳíáñ
crash [kræ∫] v ³ÕÙáõÏáí ½³ñÏ»É. ~ one’s fist ϳíÇ×áí/Ù³ïÇïáí /Ýϳñ:
on the table μéáõÝóùáí ë»Õ³ÝÇÝ ½³ñÏ»É. craze [kreiz] 1. n ÙáÉáõÃÛáõÝ. have got a ~ for
The pilot ~ed his plane ú¹³ãáõÝ ç³Ëç³Ëí»ó jazz music ç³½Ç ÙáÉáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ. be the
ÇÝùݳÃÇéÇ Ñ»ï ÙdzëÇÝ. ~ a party ËëÏó. ~ ËÇëï Ùá¹³ÛÇÏ ÉÇÝ»É. 2. v ·É˳ѳÝ
³é³Ýó Ññ³í»ñÇ ÑÛáõñ ·³É. The dishes ~ed ³Ý»É, Ë»ÝóóÝ»É:
to the floor ²÷ë»Ý»ñÁ ³ÕÙáõÏáí ·»ïÇÝ ÁÝ- crazy [΄kreizi] a ˻ɳ·³ñ, ˻ɳóÝáñ, óÝáñ-
ϳÝ. The vase ~ed on the stone floor ̳Õϳ- í³Í. a ~ idea ˻ɳóÝáñ ÙÇïù. be ~ with pain
Ù³ÝÁ ç³ñ¹áõ÷ßáõñ »Õ³í ÁÝÏÝ»Éáí ù³ñÇ ó³íÇó ·Åí»É. He’s enough to drive one ~
ѳï³ÏÇÝ. The two cars ~ed Ø»ù»Ý³Ý»ñÁ Üñ³ÝÇó ·Åí»É ϳñ»ÉÇ ¿. be ~ about the bal-
Áݹѳñí»óÇÝ. The business ~ed Ò»éݳñÏáõ- let/theatre etc μ³É»ïáí/óïñáÝáí ï³ñí³Í
ÃÛáõÝÁ ëݳÝϳó³í: ÉÇÝ»É:
crash-helmet [΄kræ∫‚helmit] n å³ßïå³- creak [kri:k] n, v ×ééáó. ×éé³É:
Ý³Ï³Ý ë³Õ³í³ñï: creaky [΄kri:ki] a ×éé³Ý, ×éé³óáÕ:
crash-land [΄kræ∫lænd] v ³í. ѳñϳ- cream [kri:m] 1. n ë»ñ, ë»ñáõóù, Ïñ»Ù. sour
¹ñí³Í í³Ûñ¿çù ϳï³ñ»É: ~ ÃÃí³ë»ñ. skin feeding/shaving ~ ëÝáõóáÕ/
crass [kræs] a Édzϳï³ñ, ϳï³ñÛ³É. ~ ig- ë³÷ñí»Éáõ Ïñ»Ù. chocolate/face/shoe ~ßáÏá-
norance ÉÇϳï³ñ ï·ÇïõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ idiot Édz- ɳ¹Ç/¹»ÙùÇ/ÏáßÇÏÇ Ïñ»Ù. skim the ~ off ë»-
ϳï³ñ ³åáõß: ñÁ ù³ß»É. ~ cheese ë»ñáõóùÇ å³ÝÇñ. ÷Ëμ.
crate [kreit] v ³ñÏÕÇ Ù»ç ¹³ë³íáñ»É (÷³- ë»ñáõóù, ÁÝïÇñ μ³Ý ~ of the society ѳë³-
ûÃ): ñ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý ë»ñáõóùÁ. 2. a μ³ó ¹»Õݳ·áõÛÝ:
crater [΄kreitə] n ˳éݳñ³Ý. éÙμ³Ó³·³ñ: cream [kri:m] v ë»ñÁ ù³ß»É. ~ the butter and
cravat [krə΄væt] n ß³ñý, ÷áÕϳå. hempen ~ sugar ËÑñ. ϳñ³·Ý áõ ß³ù³ñÁ ѳñ»É. ~ed
¹³Ñ×Ç å³ñ³Ý: potatoes ϳñïáýÇÉÇ åÛáõñ»£
crave [kreiv] v ï»Ýã³É, ÷³÷³·»É. Ëݹñ»É ~ creamery [΄kri:məri] n ÛáõÕÇ/å³ÝñÇ
for affection ùÝùß³Ýù ÷³÷³·»É. craving for ·áñͳñ³Ý. ϳÃݻջÝÇ Ë³ÝáõÃ:
a smoke ß³ï áõÅ»Õ ÍË»É ó³ÝϳݳÉ. ~ creamy [΄kri:mi] a ÛáõÕ³ÉÇ. a ~ complexion
smb’s mercy/forgiveness Ý»ñáÕ³Ùïáõ- Ýáõñμ Ù³ßÏ:
ÃÛáõÝ/·ÃáõÃÛáõÝ Ëݹñ»É: crease [kri:s] n ͳÉù, ÷áÃ. trouser ~ß³É-
craven [΄kreivn] n í³ËÏáï/»ñÏãáï Ù³ñ¹: í³ñÇ/ï³μ³ïÇ ³ñ¹áõÏ³Í ·ÇÍÁ. the dress
craving [΄kreiviŋ] n ï»Ýã, ÷³÷³·: full of ~ ×ÙéÃí³Í ßáñ. ~s on the forehead
crawl [krɔ:l] n ëáÕáõÙ, ¹³Ý¹³Õ ß³ñÅáõÙ. at ÏÝ×ÇéÝ»ñ ׳ϳïÇÝ:
a ~ ÏñdzÛÇ ¹³Ý¹³Õ ù³ÛÉ»ñáí. go for a ~ crease [kri:s] v ×ÙéûÉ, ×ÙéÃí»É. The trousers
creasy 198 crematorium

are beautifully/horribly ~d î³μ³ïÁ ɳí Ý³Ï³Ý ¿:


³ñ¹áõÏí³Í/³Ñ³íáñ ×ÙéÃí³Í ¿. The mate- credit [΄kredit] n íëï³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳí³ï. give
rial ~s easily ²Ûë ÏïáñÁ ß³ï Ñ»ßï ×ÙéÃíáÕ ¿: ~ íëï³Ñ»É. give ~ to ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É, ³ñųÝÇÝ
creasy [΄kri:si] a ×ÙéÃí³Í, ×ËÉïí³Í. ѳïáõó»É. (ѳñ·³Ýù, å³ïÇí) It does you ~
ͳÉù³íáñ: ¸³ Ó»½ å³ïÇí ¿ μ»ñáõÙ. be a ~ of the family
create [kri΄eit] v ëï»ÕÍ»É, ëï»Õͳ·áñÍ»É. ÁÝï³ÝÇùÇ å³ñͳÝùÁ ÉÇÝ»É. have the ~ of
³ñ³ñ»É. ϳ½Ù»É. ~ a role/difficulties/good »ñ³ËïÇù áõݻݳÉ. to his ~ Ç å³ïÇí Ýñ³
working conditions Ï»ñå³ñ/ ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝ- (å»ïù ¿ ³ë»É). pass the exams with ~
Ý»ñ/³ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ É³í å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ·»ñ³½³Ýó ѳÝÓÝ»É. take all
ëï»ÕÍ»É. ~ a bad impression í³ï ïå³íá- the ~s Çñ»Ý í»ñ³·ñ»É μáÉáñ ³ñų-
ñáõÃÛáõÝ ·áñÍ»É. ~ a sensation ë»Ýë³ódz ÝÇùÝ»ñÁ/í³ëï³ÏÁ. (í³ñÏ ) on ~ í³ñÏáí. ~
³Ý»É. ËëÏó. ³ÕÙáõÏ μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É. (ÏáãáõÙ card í³ñϳïáÙë. a letter of ~ »ñ³ßËÇù³ÛÇÝ
ï³É) be ~d ÏáãáõÙ ëï³Ý³É. He was ~d a peer ݳٳÏ. ~ balance í³ñϳÛÇÝ μ³É³Ýë. docu-
Üñ³Ý å»ñÇ/Éáñ¹Ç ïÇïÕáë ïí»óÇÝ: mentary ~ ÷³ëï³·ñí³Í í³ñÏ. No ~ is given
creation [kri΄ei∫n] n ëï»ÕÍáõÙ, ëï»Õͳ·áñ- here ²Ûëï»Õ ³å³éÇÏ/í³ñÏáí í³×³éù ãϳ:
ÍáõÙ, ³ñ³ñáõÙ. ³ñ³ñãáõÃÛáõÝ. the C~ ³ß- credit [΄kredit] v íëï³Ñ»É, ѳí³ï³É. You’d
˳ñÑÇ ëï»ÕÍáõÙ, ³ñ³ñãáõÃÛáõÝ. the latest never ~ it ¸áõù ã»ù ѳí³ï³. ~ smb with 100
~ from Paris ³Ù»Ý³í»ñçÇÝ Ùá¹³Ý ö³ñÇ- dollar Ù»ÏÇ Ñ³ßíÇÝ 100 ¹áɳñ ·ñ»É. ~ smn
½Çó: with more sense Ù»ÏÇÝ ³í»ÉÇ Ë»É³óÇ Ñ³Ù³-
creative [kri΄eitiv] a ëï»Õͳñ³ñ, ëï»Õͳ- ñ»É:
·áñͳϳÝ, ëï»Õͳ·áñÍ. ~ thinking ëï»Õ- creditable [΄kreditəbl] a ·áí»ÉÇ, ·áí³-
ͳ·áñÍ³Ï³Ý Ùï³ÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝ: ë³ÝùÇ/íëï³ÑáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñųÝÇ. a ~ perform-
creativity [‚kri:ei΄tivəti] n ëï»Õͳ·áñÍáõ- ance μ³í³Ï³Ý ѳçáÕ Ï³ï³ñáõÙ:
ÃÛáõÝ:
creditor [΄kreditə] n í³ñϳïáõ:
creator [kri΄eitə] n ëï»ÕÍáÕ, ³ñ³ñÇã. Ñ»- credo [΄kreidəu] n ѳí³ï³Ùù, ѳí³ï,
ѳÙá½ÙáõÝù:
ÕÇݳÏ:
creature [΄kri:t∫ə] n ³ñ³ñ³Í, ¿³Ï, ϻݹ³- credulity [krə΄dju:ləti] n ¹Ûáõñ³Ñ³í³ïáõ-
ÃÛáõÝ:
ÝÇ ¿³Ï, Ù³ñ¹. a helpless/strange ~ ³Ýû·Ý³-
ϳÝ/ï³ñûñÇÝ³Ï ³ñ³ñ³Í. a lovely ~ Ññ³-
credulous [΄kredjuləs] a ¹Ûáõñ³Ñ³í³ï:
ß³ÉÇ ¿³Ï. dumb ~s ³ÝÉ»½áõ ³Ý³ëáõÝ/ ѳÛ-
creed [kri:d] n ѳí³ï, ¹³í³Ý³Ýù:
creek [kri:k] n ÷áùñÇÏ Íáó, Íáí³Ëáñß. ³Ù.
í³Ý. poor ~ Ë»Õ× ³ñ³ñ³Í. ~ comforts
·»ï³Ï, íï³Ï:
»ñÏݳÛÇÝ μ³ñÇùÝ»ñ:
creel [kri:l] n ½³ÙμÛáõÕ (ÓÏ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ):
creche [kre∫] n Ù³ÝϳÙëáõñ: creep [kri:p] v (crept) ëáÕ³É. ÷éí»É, ë÷éí»É,
credence [΄kri:dns] n ѳí³ï, íëï³Ñáõ- ï³ñ³Íí»É. ·³Õï³·áÕÇ Ùáï»Ý³É. ~ about
ÃÛáõÝ. give ~ to íëï³Ñ»É. refuse ~ ãíëï³Ñ»É. on tiptoe áïݳóûñÇ íñ³ ·³Õï³·áÕÇ
find ~ íëï³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ í³Û»É»É/·ïÝ»É: ·Ý³É. ~ up to the door ·³Õï³·áÕÇ Ùáï»Ý³É
credentials [krə΄den∫ls] n pl ѳí³ï³ñÙ³- ¹é³ÝÁ. Suspicion crept into my mind
·Çñ. (¹»ëå³ÝÇ) Édz½áñ³·Çñ. Édz½áñ³- γëϳÍÁ ëáÕáëÏ»ó ÙÇïùë. Imprints have
·Çñ, ٳݹ³ï. ask for ~ ³ÝÓݳ·Çñ å³Ñ³Ý- crept into the text î»ùëïÇ Ù»ç íñÇå³ÏÝ»ñ
ç»É. present/submit one’s ~ ѳí³ï³ñÙ³·ÇñÁ »Ý ó÷³Ýó»É/ëáÕáëÏ»É. Old age ~s unno-
ѳÝÓÝ»É/Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É: ticed Ì»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ³ÝÝÏ³ï ¿ íñ³ ѳëÝáõÙ:
credibility [‚kredə΄biləti] n ѳí³Ý³Ï³Ýáõ- creeper [΄kri:pə] n ëáÕ³μáõÛë. ëáÕáõÝ:
ÃÛáõÝ, ѳí³ëïÇáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ rate íëï³Ñáõ- creeps [kri:ps] n ë³ñëáõé. It gives me the ~
ÃÛ³Ý ³ëïÇ׳ÝÁ. His ~ rate is not high Üñ³Ý سñÙÝáíë ë³ñëáõé ¿ ³ÝóÝáõÙ. He is a ~
³ÛÝù³Ý ¿É ãÇ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ Ñ³í³ï³É: øÍÝáÕÇ Ù»ÏÝ ¿:
credible [΄kredəbl] a íëï³Ñ»ÉÇ, ѳí³Ý³- creepy [΄kri:pi] a ë³ñëé»óÝáÕ. ëáÕ³óáÕ:
ϳÝ, ³ñųݳѳí³ï. ~ evidence íëï³Ñ»- cremate [krə΄meit] v ¹Ç³Ïǽ»É:
ÉÇ íϳÛáõÃÛáõÝ. It doesn’t seem ~ ¸³ ³Ýѳ- cremation [krə΄mei∫n] n ¹Ç³ÏǽáõÙ:
í³Ý³Ï³Ý ¿ ÃíáõÙ. It’s hardly ~ øÇã ѳí³- crematorium [‚kremə΄tɔ:riəm] n ¹Ç³ÏÇ-
creole 199 criterion

½³ñ³Ý: not to swim in such weather ÏïÏ. гÝó³Ýù


creole [΄kri:əul] n Ïñ»áÉ. Ïñ»áÉáõÑÇ: ÏÉÇÝ»ñ ãÉáÕ³Ý³É ³ÛëåÇëÇ »Õ³Ý³ÏÇÝ:
crepe [kreip] n Ïñ»å (·áñÍí³ÍùÇ ï»ë³Ï)£ crime-sheet [΄kraim∫i:t] n é½Ù. å³ïųóáõ-
crepitate [΄krepiteit] v ׳ñ׳ï»É. ˽½³É: ó³Ï:
crepitation [‚krepi΄tei∫n] n ׳ñ׳ïÛáõÝ. criminal [΄kriminl] 1. n ѳÝó³·áñÍ, á×ñ³-
˽½áó: ·áñÍ. ~ of war å³ï»ñ³½ÙÇ/鳽ٳϳÝ
crepuscular [kri΄pΛskjulə] a ÙÃÝß³Õ³ÛÇÝ. ѳÝó³·áñÍ. ~ charge ùñ»³Ï³Ý Ù»Õ³¹-
³Õáï, ³Ýáñáß: ñ³Ýù. ~ case/law ùñ»³Ï³Ý ·áñÍ/Çñ³íáõÝù.
crescent [΄kreznt] n ÉáõëÝ»ÕçÛáõñ, Ù³ÑÇÏ, ~ negligence/gang, group ѳÝó³íáñ ³Ýï³ñ-
ÏÇë³ÉáõëÇÝ: μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ѳÝó³íáñ/ѳÝó³ÏÇó ËáõÙμ.
cresset [΄kresit] n ç³Ñ: ~ record ¹³ïí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. habitual ~ ³ÝáõÕ-
crest [krest] n ϳï³ñ. ~ of the horse ÓÇáõ Õ»ÉÇ Ñ³Ýó³·áñÍ. occasional ~ ³Ï³Ù³ ѳÝ-
μ³ß. ~ of the wave/hill ³ÉÇùÇ/É»é³Ý ϳï³ñ. ó³·áñÍ. petty ~ Ù³Ýñ ѳÝó³·áñÍ. 2. a
~ of the bird ÃéãáõÝÇ/ϳï³ñÇÏ: ѳÝó³íáñ, ùñ»³Ï³Ý:
crested [΄krestid] a ϳï³ñ³½³ñ¹. ëñ³- criminality [‚krimi΄næləti] n ѳÝó³íáñáõ-
ͳÛñ: ÃÛáõÝ:
crest-fallen [΄krest‚fɔ:lən] a ÷Ëμ. ÁÝÏ×í³Í, criminate [΄krimineit] v ѳÝó³ÝùÇ Ù»ç
íѳïí³Í. look ~ ÁÝÏ×í³Í ï»ëù áõݻݳÉ: Ù»Õ³¹ñ»É. å³Ë³ñ³Ï»É, å³ñë³í»É:
cretin [΄kretin] n μóÙÇï, ³åáõß: crimson [΄krimzn] n μáëáñ³·áõÛÝ, Ùáõ·
crevasse [krə΄væs] n Ëáéáã. (ë³éó³¹³ßïÇ) ϳñÙÇñ:
×»Õùí³Íù: cringe [krindз] n ÏÍÏí»É. ÷Ëμ. ùÍÝ»É, ëïá-
crevice [΄krevis] n ×»Õù, Í»ñå: ñ³ù³ñßáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É. ~ with fear í³ËÇó
crew [kru:] n ݳí³Ï³½Ù. ÇÝùݳÃÇéÇ ³ÝÓ- ÏÍÏí»É. ~ before smb Ù»ÏÇÝ ùÍÝ»É/ëïáñ³-
ݳϳ½Ù. ëå³ë³ñÏáÕ ³ÝÓݳϳ½Ù. é½Ù. ù³ñßáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É:
·Ý¹³óñ³ÛÇÝ ËáõÙμ. í³Ûñ¿çùÇ/Ýëï»óÝáÕ crinkle [΄kriŋkl] n, v áÉáñù, ͳÉù. áÉáñí»É,
³ÝÓݳϳ½Ù ground ~ í³Ûñ¿çùÇ/Ýëï»óÝáÕ Í³Éí»É:
³ÝÓݳϳ½Ù. a motley ~ ËëÏó. μ³½Ù³ï»- crinkly [΄kriŋkli] adv ~ hair/paper ·³Ý·áõñ
ë³Ï/μ³½Ù³·áõÛÝ ÁÝÏ»ñ³ËáõÙμ: Ù³½»ñ. ïáݳͳéÇ ÃáõÕÃ:
crew [kru:] v ÁÝÏ»ñ³Ïó»É, ËáõÙμ/ÃÇ٠ϳ½- crinkum-crankum [‚kriŋkəm΄kræŋkəm]
Ù»É. Will you ~ for me tomorrow? ì³ÕÁ ÏÁÝ- n Ë××í³Í ·áñÍ:
Ï»ñ³Ïó»±ë ÇÝÓ ³é³·³ëï³Ý³íáõÙ: cripple [΄kripl] n ѳßٳݹ³Ù:
crew-cut [΄kru:kΛt] n ß³ï ϳñ× Ïïñ³Í cripple [΄kripl] v ˻ջÉ, ѳßٳݹ³Ù ¹³ñÓ-
Ù³½»ñ. have a ~ Ù³½»ñÁ ß³ï ϳñ× Ïïñ»É: Ý»É. ~d with rheumatism Ñá¹³ó³íÇó
crew-neck [΄kru:nek] n a ~ sweater »ñϳñ³- ÏÍÏí³Í. activities ~d by lack of money
íǽ ëíÇï»ñ (íá¹áɳ½Ï³): ·áñÍÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý ¹³¹³ñ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ ãÉÇÝ»Éáõ
crib [krib] 1. n Ù³ÝÏ³Ï³Ý Ù³Ñ׳ϳÉ. å³ï׳éáí:
Ùëáõñ. ¹åñ. ͳÍϳûñÃÇÏ. 2. v ¹åñ. (ó- crisis [΄kraisis] n ׷ݳųÙ. cabinet ~ ϳé³-
ùáõÝ) ³ñï³·ñ»É. ͳÍϳ·Çñ û·ï³·áñÍ»É. í³ñ³Ï³Ý ׷ݳųÙ. The patient has passed
~ answers å³ï³ë˳ÝÝ»ñÝ ³ñï³·ñ»É: the ~ ÐÇí³Ý¹Á ѳÕóѳñ»É ¿ ׷ݳųÙÁ:
crick [krik] n ÙϳÝÝ»ñÇ Ó·áõÙ. I have a ~ in crisis-ridden [΄kraisis‚ridn] a ׷ݳųÙáí
my neck ì½Çë ÙϳÝÝ»ñÁ Ó·í»É »Ý: μéÝí³Í:
cricket I [΄krikit] n ÍÕñǹ. as lively/merry as crisp [krisp] a ÷ËñáõÝ. ~ snow/biscuit
a ~ Ï»Ýëáõñ³Ë, ÅÇñ, ³ßËáõÛÅ: ×é×é³Ý ÓÛáõÝ. ÷ËñáõÝ ÃËí³Íù. a ~ day
cricket II [΄krikit] n Ùñ½. ùñ»ù»Ã. It is not ~ ë³éÁ/å³ñ½ ûñ. ~ air óñÙ/ϳ½¹áõñÇã ûñ.
γÝáÝÇÝ Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝ ã¿, ²Ý³½ÝÇí ¿: ~ answer í×é³Ï³Ý å³ï³ë˳Ý. ~ linen ûë-
crime [kraim] n ѳÝó³Ýù, ѳÝó³·áñÍáõ- É³Û³Í ëåÇï³Ï»Õ»Ý. ~s, potato ~
ÃÛáõÝ. á×Çñ (ݳ¨ ËëÏó., ÷Ëμ.) ~ fiction ³ñ- ËñÃËñÃ³Ý ï³å³Ï³Í ϳñïáýÇÉ:
ϳͳËݹñ³ÛÇÝ í»å»ñ. ~s ³ñϳͳ- criss-cross [΄kriskrɒs] a, adv ˳ã³Ó¨,
Ëݹñ³ÛÇÝ ·ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. It would be a ~ ˳ã³Ó¨³Í:
critic 200 cross-bow

criterion [krai΄tiəriən] n ã³÷³ÝÇß. ÑÙÏñ·. ½³Í Ù³½»ñ. a short ~ ϳñ× Ïïñ³Í Ù³½»ñ.
~ function ·Ý³Ñ³ïÙ³Ý ýáõÝÏódz: fine ~ of hair ËÇï Ù³½»ñÇ ËáõñÓ. close-crop-
critic [΄kritik] n ùÝݳ¹³ï: ped ß³ï ϳñ× Ïïñ³Í, ѳٳñÛ³ ë³÷ñ³Í:
critical [΄kritikl] a ùÝݳ¹³ï³Ï³Ý. íï³Ý- crop [krɒp] v μ»ñù/åïáõÕ ï³É. μ»ñùÁ
·³íáñ. ׷ݳųٳÛÇÝ. a ~ article ùÝݳ¹³- ѳí³ù»É. Ïïñ»É, Ëáõ½»É. The sheep ~ped the
ï³Ï³Ý Ñá¹í³Í. a ~ situation ׷ݳųٳ- grass àã˳ñÝ»ñÁ åáÏáï»É ¿ÇÝ ËáïÁ. ~ the
ÛÇÝ Çñ³íÇ׳Ï. the ~ stage of an illness ÑÇ- horse’s tail ÓÇáõ åáãÁ Ëáõ½»É/ϳñ׳óÝ»É.
í³Ý¹áõÃÛ³Ý ×·Ý³Å³Ù³ÛÇÝ ý³½³. in a ~ The rice ~ped well ´ñÇÝÓÁ ɳí μ»ñù ïí»ó.
condition ׷ݳųٳÛÇÝ íÇ׳ÏáõÙ: Difficulties ~ped up ¸Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ͳ·»-
critically [΄kritik(ə)li] adv ùÝݳ¹³ïáñ»Ý. óÇÝ. Smth has ~ped up ²Ýëå³ë»ÉÇ Ñ³Ý·³-
íï³Ý·³íáñ. look ~ ùÝݳ¹³ïáñ»Ý Ý³Û»É Ù³ÝùÝ»ñ »Ý ³é³ç³ó»É:
~ ill íï³Ý·³íáñ ÑÇí³Ý¹: cropper [΄krɒpə] n ÑÝÓíáñ. Ëáïѳñ Ù»ù»-
criticism [΄kriti‚siz(ə)m] n ùÝݳ¹³ïáõ- ݳ. good ~ åïÕ³μ»ñ μáõÛë. ËëÏó. í³Ûñ
ÃÛáõÝ. seathing ~ ËÇëï/áãÝã³óÝáÕ ùÝݳ¹³- ÁÝÏÝ»É. come a ~ ³ÙμáÕç ѳë³Ïáí Ù»Ï
ïáõÃÛáõÝ: slashing ~ write a good ~ of the book ÷éí»É. ÷Ëμ. ÏáñͳÝí»É come a ~ in the
·ñùÇ Ù³ëÇÝ É³í ùÝݳ¹³ï³Ï³Ý ·ñ»É: exam ùÝÝáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ï³å³Éí»É:
criticize [΄kritisaiz] v ùÝݳ¹³ï»É. å³ñë³- cross [krɒs] n ˳ã, ˳ã³÷³Ûï. ˳ã»Éáõ-
í»É, å³Ë³ñ³Ï»É. The report was ~d Üñ³ ÃÛáõÝ. Red C~ ϳñÙÇñ ˳ã. Ï»Ýë. ˳-
½»ÏáõóáõÙÁ ùÝݳ¹³ïí»ó£ ã³ë»ñáõÙ. ÑÇμñǹ. The dog is a ~ ²Ûë ßáõÝÁ
croak [krəuk] n Ïééáó, ÏéÏéáó: ÑÇμñǹ ¿:
croak [krəuk] v Ïéé³É, ÏéÏé³É. ÙñÃÙñóÉ, cross [krɒs] a ɳÛݳÏÇ/ËáïáñݳÏÇ Ñ³ï-
÷ÝÃ÷ÝóÉ: íáÕ. ~-bar ï»Ë. ɳÛݳÏÇ ·óí³Í ·»ñ³Ý,
crochet [΄krəu∫ei] n Ïñáß» (·áñÍ»Éáõ Ó¨): ѻͳÝ. ~-beam ɳÛݳÏÇ ·óí³Í ·»ñ³Ý. ~
crock [krɒk] n Ï×áõ×, Ï³í» ë³÷áñ. ѳÉÇó rhythm ÷Ëμ., »ñÅß. ˳ã³Ó¨ éÇÃÙ. μÝëï.
ÁÝÏ³Í ÓÇ. ÷Ëμ. Ù³ñ¹: ˳ã³Ó¨ ѳݷ. ~ eyed ߻ճãù, ßÇÉ. ~ legged
crockery [΄krɒkəri] n ѳË׳å³ÏÛ³ ³Ù³- áïù»ñÁ ˳ã³Ó¨³Í/ͳɳå³ïÇÏ Ýëï³Í.
ݻջÝ: ~ fire é½Ù. ˳ã³Ó¨ Ïñ³Ï/Ññ³Ó·áõÃÛáõÝ. ~
crocodile [΄krɒkədail] n ϻݹ. ÏáÏáñ¹ÇÉáë: current ËáïáñݳÏÇ Ñáë³Ýù. ~ action ѳϳ-
crocus [΄krəukəs] n μëμ. ß³ýñ³Ý, ½³ýñ³Ý, é³Ï ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ examination ˳ã³Ó¨
ùñùáõÙ£ ѳñó³ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ question ˳ã³Ó¨ ѳñ-
croft [krɒft] n ïݳٻñÓ ÑáÕ³Ù³ë: óáõÙ. ~ reference ˳ã³Ó¨ íϳ۳ÏáãáõÙ. ~
crofter [΄krɒftə] n ÷áùñ ý»ñÙ³ÛÇ í³ñÓ³- appeal ѳÏÁݹ¹»Ù í×é³μ»Ï ·³Ý·³ï. ~
ϳÉ: guarantee ѳݹÇå³Ï³ó »ñ³ß˳íáñáõ-
crone [krəun] n ù³ýóé, ç³¹áõ: ÃÛáõÝ. ~ wind ³Ýμ³ñ»Ýå³ëï ù³ÙÇ. (½³Û-
crony [΄krəuni] n ËëÏó. í³Õ»ÙÇ μ³ñ»Ï³Ù: ñ³ó³Í) be ~ with smb ½³Ûñ³Ý³É Ù»ÏÇ íñ³.
crook [kruk] n Ï»é. ׳ñٳݹ. ËëÏó. ˳μ»- get very ~ about smth ËÇëï ½³Ûñ³Ý³É ÇÝã-
μ³. on the ~ ˳ñ¹³Ë ׳ݳå³ñÑáí. óáõå, áñ μ³ÝÇó£
·³í³½³Ý: cross [krɒs] v Ïñ»É, ѳï»É-³ÝóÝ»É. ~ the
crooked [krukt] a Íáõé, Íé(í)³Í. ÷Ëμ. road/the street ÷áÕáóÁ/׳ݳå³ñÑÁ ³ÝóÝ»É.
³Ý³½ÝÇí, Ï»ÕÍ. a ~ branch Íáõé ×ÛáõÕ. a ~ ~ the river/the bridge ·»ïÁ/ϳÙñçáí ³ÝóÝ»É.
old man Ïé³ó³Í Í»ñáõÏ: ~ smb path Ù»ÏÇÝ áñ¨¿ ·áñÍáõ٠˳ݷ³ñ»É.
croon [kru:n] n, v ÙñÙáõÝç. ÏÇë³Ó³ÛÝ It ~ed my mind Øïùáíë ³Ýó³í. ~ off/out
»ñ·»ÉÁ. ÏÇë³Ó³ÛÝ »ñ·»É. ÙñÙÝç³É: çÝç»É, óáõó³ÏÇó ѳݻÉ. ~ the finishing line
crooner [΄kru:nə] n ¿ëïñ³¹³ÛÇÝ »ñ·Çã: Ùñ½. í»ñçݳ·ÇÍÁ ѳï»É. (˳ã³Ó¨»É) ~
crop [krɒp] n μ»ñù, ÑáõÝÓù. (ÃéãáõÝÇ) ½áμ/ one’s legs/arms áïù»ñÁ/Ó»éù»ñÁ ˳ã³Ó¨»É.
ËñÇå. heavy/poor ~ ѳñáõëï/³Õù³ï keep fingers ~ed ³ÝѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ ˳÷³-
ÑáõÝÓù. (ó³Ýùë) in ~ ó³ÝùÇ ï³Ï. out of ~ Ý»É. (ѳϳé³Ïí»É) He ~es me in everything
ãó³Ý³Í. under ~ ó³Ý³Í. The ~s promise well ܳ ³Ù»Ý ÇÝãáõÙ ÇÝÓ Ñ³Ï³é³ÏíáõÙ ¿. Ï»Ýë.
ȳí μ»ñù ¿ Ëáëï³ÝáõÙ. ÷Ëμ. ϳñ× Ëáõ- ˳ã³ë»ñ/í/»É ~ dogs ßÝ»ñ ˳ã³ë»ñ»É:
cross-bred 201 cruelty

cross-bow [΄krɒsbəu] n ˳ã³Õ»Õ: ë³ñ³Ý:


cross-bred [΄krɒsbred] a ˳ã³ë»ñí³Í, crowd [kraud] v É»÷ É»óáõÝ Éóí»É. The street
ÑÇμñǹ³ÛÇÝ: was ~ed öáÕáóÁ ÉÇùÝ ¿ñ Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýóáí. The
cross-breed [΄krɒsbri:d] n ˳éݳÍÇÝ, ÑÇμ- bus was ~ed ²íïáμáõëÁ É»÷ É»óáõÝ ¿ñ. be
ñǹ: ~ed in the flat μݳϳñ³ÝÁ Ý»Õí³Íù ÉÇÝ»É.
cross country [‚krɒs΄kΛntri] a Ïïñïí³Í (ËóÏ»É) We ~ed everything into the cupboard
ï»Õ³Ýù. a ~ race/walk Ïïñïí³Í ï»Õ³Ý- Ø»Ýù ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã ËóÏ»óÇÝù å³Ñ³ñ³ÝÇ Ù»ç.
ùáí Ùñó³í³½ù: a week ~ed with events Çñ³¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝ-
cross-cut [΄krɒskΛt] n ɳÛݳÏÇ Ïïñí³Íù. Ý»ñáí ѳñáõëï ß³μ³Ã. (ËéÝí»É, ËÙμí»É )
³Ù»Ý³Ï³ñ× ×³Ý³å³ñÑÁ: ~ round smb Ù»ÏÇ ßáõñçÁ ËÙμí»É. We all ~ed
crossing [΄krɒsiŋ] n ѳïáõÙ, ïñ³Ù³Ë³- into his study Ø»Ýù μáÉáñë Éóí»óÇÝù Ýñ³
ãáõÙ. ׳ݳå³ñÑÝ»ñÇ Ë³ãÙ»ñáõÏ. level ~ ³é³ÝÓݳë»ÝÛ³ÏÁ. Memories ~ed in upon me
»ñÏÃ. ·Í³Ýó, ßɳ·μ³áõÙ. pedestrian/zebra ~ ÆÝÓ Ñ³Ù³Ï»óÇÝ ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ:
³ÝóáõÙ (÷áÕáóáõÙ). rough ~ áõÅ»Õ Íáí³- crowded [΄kraudid] a ÉÇ, É»÷-É»óáõÝ:
×á×áõÙ: crown [kraun] n ó·, åë³Ï, ·³Ñ. ~ of head
cross-patch [΄krɒspæt∫] n Ïéí³ñ³ñ Ù³ñ¹£ ϳï³ñ. ~ of tooth ³ï³Ùݳåë³Ï. ~ of hat
cross-roads [΄krɒsrəuds] n ˳ãÙ»ñáõÏ. at ·É˳ñÏÇ ·³·³Ã:
the ~ ÷Ëμ. »ñÏÁÝïñ³ÝùÇ Ù»ç: crown [kraun] v ó·³¹ñ»É. åë³Ï»É. ѳ-
cross-section [΄krɒs‚sek∫n] n ɳÛݳÏÇ ïáõó»É, í³ñÓ³ïñ»É. ~ a tooth ³ï³ÙÇÝ
ѳïí³Í/Ïïñí³Íù. a ɳÛݳÏÇ. ~ of the stu- åë³Ï ¹Ý»É. ~ with success ѳçáÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ
dents áõë³ÝáÕ »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹áõÃÛ³Ý ïÇå³- åë³Ï»É. ~ it all áñå»ë ³í³ñï:
Ï³Ý Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇã. crowned [kraund] a ó·³¹ñí³Í, åë³Ï³-
cross-stitch [΄krɒsstit∫] n ˳ãϳñ, (³ë»Õ- ¹ñí³Í. μ³ñÓñ ·³·³Ã áõÝ»óáÕ:
ݳ·áñÍ) ˳ã³Ï³ñ£ crow’s-foot [΄krəuzfut] n ÏÝ×ÇéÝ»ñ ³ãù»ñÇ
crosswise [΄krɒswaiz] adv, a ˳ã³Ó¨: ßáõñçÁ:
cross-word [΄krɒswə:d] n ˳ãμ³é: crow’s-nest [΄krəuznest] n å³Ñå³Ý³Ï³Ý
crotchet [΄krɒt∫it] n ùÙ³Ûù, ùٳѳ×áõÛù. ¹Çï³Ýáó:
»ñÅß. ù³éáñ¹³Ï, Ó³ÛݳÝÇßÇ ù³éáñ¹ crucial [΄kru:∫l] a í×é³Ï³Ý, ÏñÇïÇϳϳÝ,
Ù³ëÁ. íï³Ý·³íáñ. the ~ moment/question í×é³-
crotchety [΄krɒt∫əti] a ùٳѳ×, ÇÝùݳѳ×: Ï³Ý å³Ñ. ·É˳íáñ ѳñó. be of ~ impor-
crouch [΄kraut∫] v Ïé³Ý³É, åå½»É, Ýëï»É. tance ß³ï ϳñ¨áñ ÉÇÝ»É:
ËáݳñÑí»É, Ïé³Ý³É. The tiger ~ed ready to crucifix [΄kru:səfiks] n ˳ã»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ:
spring ì³·ñÁ Ïé³ó³í ѳñÓ³ÏÙ³Ý å³ï- crucifixion [‚kru:sə΄fik∫n] n ˳ãáõÙ, ˳ã»-
ñ³ëï: ÉáõÃÛáõÝ. ã³ñã³ñ³Ýù, ï³é³å³Ýù. the C~
croup [kru:p], croupe [kru:p] n ·³í³Ï øñÇëïáëÇ Ë³ã»ÉáõÃÛáõÝÁ:
(ÓÇáõ): crucify [΄kru:sifai] v ˳ã»É, ˳ã μ³ñÓñ³ó-
crow [krəu] n ³·é³í. as the ~ flies áõÕÇÕ Ý»É:
·Íáí: crude [krΛd] a ÑáõÙ, ³ÝÙß³Ï, ÏáåÇï.
crow [krəu] n ³ùÉáñ³Ï³Ýã. v ϳÝã»É, ÍáõÕ- ãÙß³Ïí³Í, ã½ïí³Í. ~ oil ³ÝÙß³Ï Ý³íÃ. ~
ñáõÕáõ ³Ý»É. It’s nothing to ~ about ²é³ÝÓ- spirit ã½ïí³Í ëåÇñï. ~ manners/expressions
ݳå»ë áõñ³Ë³Ý³Éáõ μ³Ý ãϳ: ÏáåÇï ß³ñÅáõÓ¨/ ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ.
crow-bar [΄krəuba:] n ÝÇ·, ÉÇÝ·: a ~ drawing åñÇÙÇïÇí/å³ñ½áõݳÏ
crowd [kraud] n ³ÙμáË. ËëÏó. ËáõÙμ, Ýϳñ:
μ³½ÙáõÃÛáõÝ. the ~ ó³Íñ ˳í»ñÁ. in ~s
cruel [kru:əl] a ¹³Å³Ý, ³Ý·áõÃ, ͳÝñ. a ~
ËÙμ»ñáí. get lost in the ~ ³ÙμáËÇ Ù»ç Ïáñ-
woman/fate/disease ¹³Å³Ý ÏÇÝ, ³Ý·áõÃ
ã»É. The ~ began to break up ²ÙμáËÁ ëÏë»ó
׳ϳﳷÇñ, ͳÝñ ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝ. ~ to
óñí»É. push through the ~ ³ÙμáËÇ ÙÇçáí
animals ϻݹ³ÝÇÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ý¹»å ¹³Å³Ý:
Ññ»Éáí ³ÝóÝ»É. I don’t care for their ~ ÆÝÓ ãÇ
Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÙ/¹áõñ ãÇ ·³ÉÇë Ýñ³Ýó ÁÝÏ»-
cruelly [΄kru:əli] adv ¹³Å³Ýáñ»Ý, ³Ý·áõÃ
Ï»ñåáí:
ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ. ~ scene óïñ. Ù³ëë³Û³Ï³Ý ï»-
cruise 202 cry

cruelty [΄kru:əlti] n ¹³Å³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ý·Ãáõ- crusader [kru:΄seidə] n ˳ã³ÏÇñ:


ÃÛáõÝ. ~ to children ¹³Å³Ý í»ñ³μ»ñÙáõÝù crush [krΛ∫] n ÑñÙßïáó, ÑñÑñáó. ËëÏó.
»ñ»Ë³Ý»ñÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ: ³ÕÙϳÉÇ Ë³éݳÅáÕáí. ~ at the cloakroom
cruise [kru:z] n ݳí³ñÏáõÙ, ݳí³ñÏáõ- ÑñÙßïáó ѳݹ»ñÓ³ëñ³ÑáõÙ. áõÅ»Õ ëÇñ³-
ÃÛáõÝ. ½μáë³ßñçÇÏáõÃÛáõÝ. a Mediterranean ~ ѳñí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. have a ~ on smb Ù»ÏÇÝ ß³ï
ݳí³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ/½μáë³Ýù ØÇç»ñÏñ³Ï³Ý ëÇñ³Ñ³ñí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. (ç³Ëç³ËÇã ѳñí³Í)
Íáíáí. give a ~ ç³Ëç³ËÇã ѳñí³Í ѳëóÝ»É:
cruise [kru:z] v ݳí³ñÏ»É, »ñè»Ï»É, crush [krΛ∫] v ×½Ù»É. ~ grapes/orange ˳-
ѳͳݳí»É. ~ in the Pacific/round the Greek ÕáÕ/ݳñÇÝç ×½Ù»É. ~ oil ӻà ѳݻÉ. ~ an in-
islands ׳Ù÷áñ¹»É Ê³Õ³Õ ûíÏdzÝáëáõÙ/ sect ÙÇç³ï ïñáñ»É. ~ sugar ß³ù³ñ ÷ßñ»É/
ÐáõÝ³Ï³Ý ³ñËÇå»É³·Ç ßáõñçÁ. The car ~s Ù³Ýñ³óÝ»É. (×ÙÉ»É, ×ÙéûÉ) Nylon doesn’t ~
easily at 100 mph Ø»ù»Ý³Ý Ñ»ßïáõÃÛ³Ùμ ܳÛÉáÝÁ ãÇ ×ÙéÃíáõÙ. be ~ed with grief Ëáñ
³ÝáõÙ ¿ ųÙáõÙ 100 ÙÕáÝ: ÏëÏÇÍ/Ù»Í íÇßï ³åñ»É:
cruiser [΄kru:zə] n ѳͳݳí. armoured ~ crushing [΄krΛ∫iŋ] a ç³Ëç³ËÇã. ͳÝñ. a ~
½ñ³Ñ³Ý³í: defeat/blow ç³Ëç³ËÇã å³ñïáõÃÛáõÝ/
crumb [krΛm] n ÷ßáõñ, ÷ßñ³Ýù. ѳóÇ Ñ³ñí³Í. a ~ reply áãÝã³óÝáÕ å³ï³ë˳Ý:
ÙÇçáõÏ. Ù³ëÝÇÏ. sweep up the ~s ÷ßáõñÝ»ñÁ crust [krΛst] n ϻը. ÷Ëμ. ¹ÇÙ³Ï ~ of ice/
ѳí³ù»É/Ù³ùñ»É. Crust or °~ for you ƱÝã »ë loaf ë³éáõÛóÇ Ï»Õ¨, ѳóÇ ãáñ³Ï. ~ of a pie
áõ½áõÙª ѳóÇ Ï»Õ¨Á± û± ÙÇçáõÏÁ. a few ~s of ÃËí³ÍùÇ ãáñ³ÏÁ. the Earth’s ~ ºñÏñÇ
informaton ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ Ï»Õ¨Á. earn one’s~ ÙÇ Ïïáñ ѳó ³ß˳ï»É:
÷ßñ³Ýù. a ~ of comfort ûè/ÇÝã-áñ ÙËÇó- crustacean [krΛ΄stei∫n] n ϻݹ. Ë»ó·»ï-
ñ³Ýù: ݳï»ë³ÏÝ»ñ:
crumb [krΛm] v ÷ßñ»É, Ù³Ýñ»É. ÷ßáõñÝ»ñÁ crusted [΄krΛstid] a ϻըáí ͳÍÏí³Í/å³-
ѳí³ù»É/ó÷»É: ï³Í. ~ customs ù³ñ³ó³Í ëáíáñáõÛÃÝ»ñ:
crumble [΄krΛmbl] v ÷ßñ(í)»É, Ù³Ýñ»É. ~ crusty [΄krΛsti] a ϻը³å³ï. Ïéí³ñ³ñ:
one’s bread ѳóÁ ÷ßñ»É/Ù³Ýñ»É. ù³Ý¹í»É, crutch [krΛt∫] n ѻݳÏ. ÷Ëμ. ѻݳñ³Ý,
ó÷í»É, ÷áõÉ ·³É. The plaster has ~ed away Ý»óáõÏ, û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ a pair of ~es ѻݳÏÝ»ñ.
Ì»÷Á ó÷í»É ¿: walk on ~es ѻݳÏÝ»ñáí ù³ÛÉ»É:
crumbly [΄krΛmbli] a ÷ËñáõÝ, ¹Ûáõñ³μ»Ï. crux [krΛks] n ¹Åí³ñ ϳóáõÃÛáõÝ/ѳñó. the
~ biscuits ÷ËñáõÝ ÃËí³Íù: ~ of the matter ·áñÍÇ ¿áõÃÛáõÝÁ. the C~
crummy [΄krΛmi] a ËëÏó. ·»ñ, Ù³ñÙÝ»Õ. ³ëïÕ·. (гñ³í³ÛÇÝ) ʳãÇ Ñ³Ù³ëï»Õáõ-
áõݨáñ, ³å³Ñáíí³Í: ÃÛáõÝ:
crump [krΛmp] n áõÅ»Õ Ñ³ñí³Í. é½Ù. cry [krai] n ×Çã. loud/angry ~ μ³ñÓñ/½³Ûñ³-
ýáõ·³ë³ÛÇÝ éáõÙμ: ó³Í ×Çã. give a ~ ×Çã ³ñӳϻÉ. give a ~ of
crumple [΄krΛmpl] v ×ËÉï»É, ×Ùé»É, ×ÙÉ»É. pain ó³íÇó μÕ³í»É. a far ~ Ù»Í ï³ñμ»ñáõ-
I’ve ~d my dress Þáñë ×ÙéÃí»É ¿. ~ up the ÃÛáõÝ. (ɳó) have a good ~ ÙÇ É³í/Ïáõßï ɳó
paper ÃáõÕÃÁ ×ÙéûÉ: ÉÇÝ»É. battle ~ Ù³ñï³Ï³Ý ϳÝã. ~ for Áݹ-
crumpled [΄krΛmpld] a ×Ùéí³Í, ×ËÉí³Í, ѳÝáõñ ѳí³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ against ÁݹѳÝáõñ
×ÙÉí³Í: μáÕáù/¹Å·áÑáõÃÛáõÝ:
crunch [krΛnt∫] n ×é×éáó. ~ an apple ËÝÓáñ cry [krai] v ×ã³É, ·áé³É, ɳó ÉÇÝ»É. ~ oneself
ÏñÍ»É. The snow ~ed under our feet ÒÛáõÝÁ to sleep ɳó»Éáí ùÝ»É. ~ one’s eyes out »ñϳñ
×é×éáõÙ ¿ñ Ù»ñ áïù»ñÇ ï³Ï. when it comes ɳó ÉÇÝ»É, ɳÉáí ³ãù»ñÁ ÷ã³óÝ»É. ~ for
to the ~ ÷Ëμ., ËëÏó. ÏñÇïÇÏ³Ï³Ý ñáå»ÇÝ: help û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³Ýã»É. ~ at the top of one’s
crunchy [krΛnt∫i] a ×é×é³Ý: voice ³ÙμáÕç Ó³ÛÝáí μÕ³í»É. ~ for the moon
crusade I [kru:΄seid] n, v ³ñß³í, ϳÙå³- ³ÝÑݳñÇÝ μ³ÝÇ Ó·ï»É. ~ for mercy
Ýdz. ³ñß³í»É. ~ for women’s rights å³Ûù³- ·ÃáõÃÛáõÝ Ëݹñ»É/ѳÛó»É. ~ off Ññ³Å³ñí»É.
ñ»É ϳݳÝó Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ: ~ off at the last moment í»ñçÇÝ ñáå»ÇÝ
crusade II [kru:΄seid] n åïÙ. ʳã³Ïñ³ó Ññ³Å³ñí»É. ~ bitterly ¹³éÝáñ»Ý ɳÉ. No use
³ñß³í³Ýù: ~ing over spilt milk Îáñ³Í μ³ÝÇ »ï¨Çó ã»Ý
cry-baby 203 culture

ÁÝÏÝÇ: cuddle [΄kΛdl] n ·ÇñÏ. v ÏñÍùÇÝ ë»ÕÙ»É ~ a


cry-baby [΄krai‚beibi] n ɳóϳÝ, ɳÉϳÝ: child »ñ»Ë³ÛÇÝ ÏñÍùÇÝ ë»ÕÙ»É. ~ up to smb
crying [kraiiŋ] a ɳóáÕ, ³Õ³Õ³ÏáÕ. ÷Ëμ. ë»ÕÙí»É Ù»ÏÇÝ:
³Õ³Õ³ÏáÕ, ³ÝѳݹáõñÅ»ÉÇ. a ~ shame ³- cudgel [΄kΛdзəl] 1. n ٳѳÏ. take up the ~s
Õ³Õ³ÏáÕ ³Ý³ÙáÃáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ needs ³éûñÛ³/ å³ßïå³Ý ϳݷݻÉ, å³ßïå³Ý»É. 2. v
Ï»Ýë³Ï³Ý å³Ñ³ÝçÝ»ñ. ٳѳÏáí ѳñí³Í»É. ~ one’s brains ·ÉáõË
crypt [kript] n ·»ïݳ¹³Ùμ³ñ³Ý, ¹³Ùμ³- Ïáïñ»É/ïñ³ù³óÝ»É:
ñ³Ý: cue I [kju:] n μÇÉdzñ¹Ç ˳ճÓáÕ, ÏÇ:
cryptic [΄kriptik] a ·³ÕïÝÇ, óùáõÝ. cue II [kju:] n óïñ. ¹»ñ³ë³ÝÇ í»ñç-
ËáñÑñ¹³íáñ: ݳμ³é. é»åÉÇÏ give smb his ~ é»åÉÇÏ
crystal [΄kristl] 1. n μÛáõñ»Õ. μÛáõñ»Õ³å³ÏÇ. ï³É/³Ý»É, Ñáõß»É. miss one’s ~ é»åÉÇÏÁ μ³ó
snow/ice ~s ÓÛ³Ý/ë³éóÇ μÛáõñ»ÕÝ»ñ. 2. a ÃáÕÝ»É. That gave me my ~ ¸³ ÇÝÓ Ñ³Ù³ñ
μÛáõñ»Õ³å³ÏÛ³, μÛáõñ»ÕÛ³. ó÷³ÝóÇÏ, ³ÏݳñÏ ¿ñ:
Ñëï³Ï, í×Çï: cuff I [kΛf] n μ³½Ï³å³ï, Ù³ÝÅ»ï:
crystal-clear [‚kristl΄kliə] a ó÷³ÝóÇÏ, cuff II [kΛf] n μéáõÝóùÇ Ñ³ñí³Í. ~s and
μÛáõñ»ÕÇ ÝÙ³Ý Ù³ùáõñ: kicks Ó»éùÇ ¨ áïùÇ Ñ³ñí³ÍÝ»ñ. ~ on the ear
crystallization [‚kristlai΄zei∫n] n μÛáõñ»Õ³- ¹»ÙùÇÝ/³Ï³ÝçÇÝ Ñ³ñí³Í»É:
óáõÙ: cuisine [kwi΄zi:n] n Ï»ñ³ÏáõñÝ»ñ, ËáѳÝáó.
crystallize [΄kristəlaiz] v μÛáõñ»Õ³óÝ»É, The ~ in that hotel is excellent ²Ûë ÑÛáõñ³ÝáóÇ
μÛáõñ»Õ³Ý³É. ß³ù³ñ³Ï³É»É. The jam has ËáѳÝáóÁ ÑáÛ³Ï³å ¿:
~d Ùáõñ³μ³Ý ß³ù³ñ³Ï³É»É ¿. ~d fruits cul-de-sac [΄kΛldəsæk] n ÷³ÏáõÕÇ. ÷Ëμ.
ß³ù³ñ³å³ï³Í ÙÇñ·. The plans gradually ³Ý»É³Ý»ÉÇ Ï³óáõÃÛáõÝ:
~d Ìñ³·ñ»ñÝ ³ëïÇ׳ݳμ³ñ áñáß³ÏÇ culinary [΄kΛlinəri] a Ëáѳñ³ñ³Ï³Ý,
¿ÇÝ ¹³éÝáõÙ: Ëáѳñ³ñ³ÛÇÝ:
crystallography [‚kristə΄lɒgrəfi] n μÛáõñ»- cull [kΛl] v ѳí³ù»É, ÁÝïñ»É, çáÏ»É:
Õ³·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ: culminate [΄kΛlmineit] v ·³·³ÃݳϻïÇÝ
cub [kΛb] n Ó³·/·Çß³ïÇã ϻݹ³Ýáõ/. ÷Ëμ. ѳëÝ»É. ~ in ³í³ñïí»É. The quarrels ~d in
å³ï³ÝÇ. ³ñÑÙ. ɳÏáï. divorce Üñ³Ýó í»×»ñÝ ³í³ñïí»óÇÝ μ³-
cubbing [΄kΛbiŋ] n Ó³·»ñÇ áñë: ųÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ:
cubbish [΄kΛbi∫] a ³ÝÏÇñÃ, ³Ýï³ß. culmination [‚kΛlmi΄nei∫n] n ·³·³Ãݳ-
cube [kju:b] n Ù³Ã. Ëáñ³Ý³ñ¹ÇÏ. ~ sugar Ï»ï, μ³ñÓñ³Ï»ï:
ß³ù³ñ é³ýÇݳ¹. cut the potatoes into ~s culpability [‚kΛlpə΄biləti] n Ù»Õ³íáñáõ-
ϳñïáýÇÉÁ Ëáñ³Ý³ñ¹ÇϳӨ Ïïñï»É: ÃÛáõÝ, ѳÝó³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ:
cubic [΄kju:bik] a Ëáñ³Ý³ñ¹³ÛÇÝ, Ëáñ³- culpable [΄kΛlpəbl] a Ù»Õ³íáñ, ѳÝó³íáñ.
ݳñ¹Ç: ~ negligence Çñ³í. ѳÝó³íáñ ³Ý÷áõÃáõ-
cubicle [΄kju:bikl] n ùÝ»Éáõ ѳٳñ ³é³ÝÓ- ÃÛáõÝ:
ݳóñ³Í ï»Õ. ÝÝç³Ëáõó. ËóÇÏ. shower ~ culprit [΄kΛlprit] n ѳÝó³·áñÍ, Ù»Õ³-
óÝóáõÕÇ Ëáõó: ¹ñÛ³É:
cubist [΄kju:bist] n ÏáõμǽÙÇ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõ- cult [kΛlt] n å³ßï³ÙáõÝù. the ~ of personal-
óÇã, ÏáõμÇëï: ity ³ÝÓÇ å³ßï³ÙáõÝù:
cuckold [΄kΛkəuld] 1. n ÏÝáçÇó ˳μí³Í cultivate [΄kΛltiveit] v Ù߳ϻÉ, ³×»óÝ»É.
³ÙáõëÇÝ, »Õçñ³íáñ. 2. v ³ÙáõëÝáõÝ ¹³í³- ï»ë³ÏÁ ɳí³óÝ»É:
׳ݻÉ: cultivation [‚kΛlti΄vei∫n] n Ùß³ÏáõÙ (ÑáÕÇ).
cuckoo [΄kuku:] 1. n ÏÏáõ. ËëÏó. μ³óμ»ñ³Ý. ³×»óáõÙ. ½³ñ·³óáõÙ (áõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¨
2. int Ïáõ-Ïáõ: ³ÛÉÝ). fields under ~ Ùß³ÏíáÕ ¹³ßï»ñ:
cucumber [΄kju:kΛmbə] n í³ñáõÝ·: cultural [΄kΛlt∫rəl] a Ùß³ÏáõóÛÇÝ. ~ anthro-
cud [kΛd] n áñá×. chew the ~ áñá׳É. ÷Ëμ. pologist ³½·³·ñ³·»ï. ~ attache Ùß³Ïáõ-
³ÝÁݹѳï ÝáõÛÝ μ³ÝÁ ͳÙÍÙ»É: óÛÇÝ Ïóáñ¹. ~ heritage Ùß³ÏáõóÛÇÝ ³ñ-
cudbear [΄kΛdbeə] n ɳÏÙáõë: Å»ùÝ»ñ:
cultured 204 curling

culture [΄kΛlt∫ə] n Ùß³ÏáõÛÃ. ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»- ~ one’s passions/tongue ÷Ëμ. ë³ÝÓ»É Ïñù»-


ë³Ï³Ý ÏáõÉïáõñ³. the ~ of the Romans ÑÇÝ ñÁ/É»½áõÝ:
ÑéáÙ»³óÇÝ»ñÇ Ùß³ÏáõÛÃÁ. Ù³Ýñ¿Ý»ñÇ/ curbstone [΄kə:bstəun] n ë³É³Ñ³ï³ÏÇ
μ³Ïï»ñdzݻñÇ ³×»óáõÙ. a ~ of streptococci »½ñ³ù³ñ:
ëïñ»åïáÏáÏÝ»ñÇ ÏáõÉïáõñ³: curd [kə:d] n pl Ïïñí³Í ϳÃ. ϳÃݳßáé:
cultured [΄kΛlt∫əd] a (Ù³ñ¹) μ³ñ»ÏÇñÃ, curdle [΄kə:dl] v ٳϳñ¹í»É. ÷Ëμ. (í³ËÇó)
ÏñÃí³Í. (Ù³ñ·, ïáõÝÏ) Ùß³Ïí³Í: ù³ñ³Ý³É. (óñïÇó) ÷³Ûï³Ý³É:
cumber [΄kΛmbə] n ¹Åí³ñ ϳóáõÃÛáõÝ, cure [kjuə] n ¹»Õ, ¹»Õ³ÙÇçáó. μáõÅáõÙ. a rest
¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝ v ˳ݷ³ñ»É, ³ñ·»É»É, ~ μáõÅáõ٠ѳݷëïáõÃÛ³Ùμ. a cough ~ ¹»Õ³-
ËáãÁݹáï ѳݹÇë³Ý³É: ÙÇçáó ѳ½Ç ¹»Ù. undergo a ~ μáõÅÙ³Ý Ïáõñë
cumbersome [΄kΛmbəsəm] a ¹Åí³ñ³- ³ÝóÝ»É. There is no ~ for this disease ²Ûë ÑÇ-
ß³ñÅ, ͳÝñ³ß³ñÅ. ¹Åí³ñ, ͳÝñ ×ÝßáÕ: í³Ý¹áõÃÛ³Ý ¹»Ù ¹»Õ ãϳ:
cum(m)in [΄kΛmin] n μëμ. ù»ÙáÝ. ã³Ù³Ý: cure [kjuə] v μáõÅ»É, μÅßÏ»É, ³éáÕç³óÝ»É. ~
cumulative [΄kju:mjulətiv] a ÁݹѳÝáõñ, a patient/a disease ÑÇí³Ý¹ÇÝ/ÑÇí³Ý¹áõ-
ÙdzëݳϳÝ. ³Ù÷á÷í³Í. the ~ evidence ÃÛáõÝÁ μáõÅ»É. be ~d of smoking ÍË»Éáõó Ñ»ï
ѳÝó³Ýß³ÝÝ»ñÇ ³ÙμáÕç³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ£ ëáíáñ»óÝ»É. å³Ñ³ÍáÛ»É (³ÕÇ ¨ ³åÁËï-
cumulus [΄kju:mjuləs] n Ïáõï³Ïí³Í ³Ù- Ù³Ý ÙÇçáóáí). ~d meat ³åËï³Í/ ³ÕÁ
å»ñ: ¹ñ³Í ÙÇë. ~ skins ϳßÇÝ Ë³Õ³Ë»É/¹³μ³-
cuneiform [΄kju:nifɔ:m] n, a ë»å³·Çñ. ë»- Õ»É. ~d skin ³Õ³Õ³Í ϳßÇ:
å³·Çñ, ë»å³Ó¨: cure-all [΄kjurɔ:l] n ѳٳ¹³ñÙ³Ý, ³Ù»Ý³-
cunning [΄kΛniŋ] n, a ׳ñåÏáõÃÛáõÝ, Ëáñ³- μáõÛÅ ÙÇçáó:
Ù³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ݻݷáõÃÛáõÝ. ׳ñåÇÏ, Ëáñ³- cureless [΄kjuələs] a ³ÝμáõÅ»ÉÇ:
Ù³ÝÏ, ݻݷ: curfew [΄kə:fju:] n å³ñ»ï³ÛÇÝ Å³Ù:
cup [kΛp] n ·³í³Ã, óë. grace ~ μ³ñ»Ù³Õ- curio [΄kjuəriəu] n ѳ½í³·Ûáõï, ³ÝïÇÏí³-
ÃáõÃÛ³Ý ·³í³Ã. be in one’s ~s ÙÇ ùÇã ËÙ³Í ñ³ÛÇÝ:
ÉÇÝ»É. the ~ of life ÏÛ³ÝùÇ μ³Å³ÏÁ. be a ~ too curiosity [‚kjuəri΄ɒsəti] n Ñ»ï³ùñùñ³ëÇ-
low ÁÝÏ×í³Í ÉÇÝ»É. Ùñ½. ·³í³Ã. Davis ~ ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ѳñó³ëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ. dying of /burn-
Ùñ½. (ûÝÇë) ¸¨ÇëÇ ·³í³Ã. ~ final ·³í³ÃÇ ing with ~ Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝÇó Ù»éÝ»É/³Ûñ-
ýÇݳÉÁ. He is not my ~ of tea ËëÏó. ܳ ÇÙ í»É. be filled with ~ ÙÇ μ³Ýáí ß³ï Ñ»-
׳߳Ïáí ã¿. fill up the ~ ѳÙμ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ï³ùñùñí»É. ³ÝïÇÏí³ñ³ÛÇÝ/ѳ½í³·Ûáõï
μ³Å³ÏÁ Éóí»É. The ~ is full ´³Å³ÏÁ Éóí»É ¿: μ³Ý. This vase is a ~ ²Ûë ëϳѳÏÁ ѳ½-
cupboard [΄kΛbəd] n μáõý»ï: í³·Ûáõï Çñ ¿:
cupful [΄kΛpful] n ÙÇ ÉÇùÁ μ³Å³Ï: curious [΄kjuəriəs] a Ñ»ï³ùñùñ³ë»ñ, ѳñ-
cupidity [kju΄pidəti] n ³·³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ: ó³ë»ñ. Ñ»ï³ùñùÇñ, ï³ñûñÇݳÏ, ½³ñÙ³-
cupola [΄kju:pələ] n ·Ùμ»Ã: ݳÉÇ. by a ~ coincidence ѳݷ³Ù³ÝùÝ»ñÇ
cupping-glass [΄kΛpiŋgla:s] n μÅßÏ. ³ñÛáõ- ½³ñٳݳÉÇ Ñ³ÙÁÝÏÝáõÙáí. What a ~ noise!
ݳù³ß μ³Ýϳ: Æ°Ýã ï³ñûñÇÝ³Ï ³ÕÙáõÏ ¿. Don’t be so ~!
cur [kə:] n ³ñÑÙ. ³ÝåÇï³Ý ßáõÝ: ²Û¹ù³Ý Ñ»ï³ùñùñ³ë»ñ ÙÇ° ÉÇÝÇ:
curable [΄kjuərəbl] a μáõÅ»ÉÇ: curiously [΄kjuəriəsli] adv ½³ñٳݳÉÇáñ»Ý.
curacy [΄kjuərəsi] n Ñá·¨áñ³Ï³ÝÇ ³ëïÇ- ~ enough μ³í³Ï³Ý ï³ñûñÇݳÏ:
׳Ý. ÍáõË (»Ï»Õ»ó³Ï³Ý): curl [kə:l] n Ëáåáå, ËáåáåÇÏ. ~s ·³Ý·áõñ-
curate [΄kjuərət] n Í˳ï»ñ ù³Ñ³Ý³ÛÇ Ý»ñ. ÍËÇ ùáõɳݻñ/ûÕ³ÏÝ»ñ:
û·³Ï³Ý: curl [kə:l] v ·³Ý·ñ³óÝ»É. have one’s hair ~ed
curative [΄kjuərətiv] n, a μáõÅÇã ÙÇçáó. Ù³½»ñÁ ·³Ý·ñ³óÝ»É(ï³É). (Íé»É) ~ one’s
μáõÅÇã: lip μ»ñ³ÝÁ ÍéÙé»É. (μ³ñÓñ³Ý³É) the smoke
curator [kju΄reitə] n ËݳٳϳÉ, Ñá·³μ³ñ- ~ed upwards ÍáõËÁ ûÕ³ÏÝ»ñáí í»ñ¨ μ³ñÓ-
Óáõ: ñ³ó³í. (·³Ý·áõñ ÉÇÝ»É) Her hair ~s naturally
curb [kə:b] n ë³ÝÓ, ë³ÝӳѳñáõÙ: Üñ³ Ù³½»ñÁ μݳϳÝÇó ·³Ý·áõñ »Ý. ~ up
curb [kə:b] v ë³ÝÓ»É, ë³ÝÓ»É, ë³Ýӳѳñ»É. in the chair ³ÃáéÇ Ù»ç ÏÍÏí»É:
curling-irons 205 curve

curler [΄kə:lə] n μÇ·áõ¹Ç: Ý»ë` ³ÛÝ ÏÑÝÓ»ë. pronounce a ~ upon Ù»ÏÇÝ


curling [΄kə:liŋ] a áÉáñíáÕ, ·³Ý·áõñ: ³ÝÇÍ»É. call down ~s on smb Ù»ÏÇÝ ³Ý»Íù ³-
curling-irons [΄kə:liŋ‚aiənz], curling- Ý»É ~ words ѳÛÑáÛ³Ýù. not to care a ~ ÙǨ-
tongs [΄kə:liŋtɒŋz] n pl ·³Ý·áõñÝ»ñ ë³ñ- ÝáõÛÝ ÉÇÝ»É, Ãù³Í áõݻݳÉ. not worth a ~ ÙÇ
ù»Éáõ áõÝ»ÉÇ£ ùáé Ïáå»Ï ã³ñÅÇ. (å³ïáõѳë, ³Õ»ï) She
curl-paper [΄kə:l‚peipə] n ·³Ý·ñ³óÝáÕ is a ~ to me ܳ ÇÝÓ Ñ³Ù³ñ ÙÇ å³ïáõÑ³ë ¿.
ÃáõÕÃ: What a ~! ê³ ÇÝã å³ïáõÑ³ë ¿/³Ý»Íù ¿:
curly [΄kə:li] a ·³Ý·áõñ, ³É»Ó¨: curse [kə:s] v ³ÝÇÍ»É, ѳÛÑáÛ»É. I ~d my stu-
currant [΄kΛrənt] n μëμ. ѳճñç. ã³ÙÇã pidity ºë ÇÝÓ ³ÝÇÍáõÙ ¿Ç ÇÙ ÑÇÙ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý
black/red ~ ë¨/ϳñÙÇñ ѳճñç: ѳٳñ. She‘s ~d with a violent temper Üñ³
currency [΄kΛrənsi] n ¹ñ³Ù³Ï³Ý ѳٳ- í³Ûñ»ÝÇ μݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ýñ³ ³Ý»ÍùÝ ¿:
ϳñ·. ¹ñ³Ù³ßñç³Ý³éáõÃÛáõÝ. hard ~ ¹Ûáõ- cursed [kə:st] a ³ÝÇÍÛ³É, ³ÝÇÍí³Í. ½½í»ÉÇ,
ñ³÷á˳ñÏ»ÉÇ ³ñÅáõÛÃ. ~ exchange office ÝáÕϳÉÇ:
³ñÅáõÛÃÇ ÷á˳ݳÏÙ³Ý Ï»ï/ûýÇë. give a cursive [΄kə:siv] n ӻ鳷Çñ. ~ script ³ñ³-
~ to ßñç³Ý³éáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ¹Ý»É. ~ offence ³ñ- ·³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÅáõóÛÇÝ Ñ³Ýó³·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ. national ~³½- cursor [΄kə:sə] n ÑÙÏñ·. ï»Õ³óáõÛó:
·³ÛÇÝ ³ñÅáõÛÃ. foreign ~ ³ñï³ñÅáõÛÃ, ï³- cursory [΄kə:sri] a ÃéáõóÇÏ, ٳϻñ»ë³ÛÇÝ.
ñ³¹ñ³Ù. exchange ~ ÷á˳ݳϻÉÇ ³ñÅáõÛÃ. give the letter a ~ glance ݳٳÏÁ ³ñ³· ³ãùÇ
paper ~ ÃÕó¹ñ³Ù. pay in ~ í׳ñ»É ³ñÅáõÛ- ³ÝóϳóÝ»É. a ~ inspection ÃéáõóÇÏ/ٳϻ-
Ãáí. expressions in common ~ ѳÙÁݹѳÝáõñ ñ³ë³ÛÇÝ ëïáõ·áõÙ. a ~ examination ³ñ³·
û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: ½ÝÝáõÙ. ~ reading ë³ÑáõÝ/í³ñÅ ÁÝ»ñó³Ýáõ-
current [΄kΛrənt] n Ñáë³Ýù (ݳ¨` ¿É.) ÃÛáõÝ:
against/with the ~ Ñáë³ÝùÇÝ Ñ³Ï³é³Ï/áõÕ- curt [kə:t] a ѳÏÇñ×, ë»ÕÙ. a ~ answer ÏáåÇï
ÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ. direct/alternating ~ ÷á÷á˳ϳÝ/ å³ï³ë˳Ý:
ѳëï³ïáõÝ Ñáë³Ýù. ~ of thought /events curtail [kə:΄teil] v Ïñ׳ï»É, ë³Ñٳݳ÷³-
÷Ëμ. ÙïùÇ/Çñ³¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÁÝóóùÁ: Ï»É, ϳñ׳óÝ»É. ~ the visit/expenditure Ïñ׳-
current [΄kΛrənt] a ÑáëáÕ, ÁÝóóáÕ. ÁÝó- ï»É ³Ûó»ÉáõÃÛáõÝÁ/ͳËë»ñÁ:
óÇÏ. ɳÛÝ ï³ñ³ÍáõÙ áõÝ»óáÕ. ųٳݳϳ- curtailment [kə:΄teilmənt] n Ïñ׳ïáõÙ,
ÏÇó. ~ month/year/expenses ÁÝóóÇÏ ³ÙÇë/ å³Ï³ë»óáõÙ. ѳٳéáïáõÙ:
ï³ñÇ/ͳËë»ñ. ~ account ÁÝóóÇÏ Ñ³ßÇí. curtain [΄kə:tn] n í³ñ³·áõÛñ. draw the ~ í³-
pass/go/run ~ ³Ù»Ýáõñ»ù ÁݹáõÝí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. ñ³·áõÛñÁ ù³ß»É. iron ~ »ñϳû í³ñ³·áõÛñ.
~ opinion ÁݹáõÝí³Í/ѳÙÁݹѳÝáõñ ϳñ- The ~ rose/fell óïñ. ì³ñ³·áõÛñÁ μ³ñÓñ³-
ÍÇù. ~ events ÝáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ, Éáõñ»ñ. ~ affairs ó³í/Çç³í:
ÁÝóóÇÏ ·áñÍ»ñ. This word is in ~ use ê³ curtain [΄kə:tn] v í³ñ³·áõÛñ ù³ß»É, í³ñ³-
ß³ï ·áñÍ³Í³Ï³Ý μ³é ¿. the ~ boyfriend ·áõÛñáí ͳÍÏ»É. ~ a window å³ïáõѳÝÇÝ
Ñ»ñÃ³Ï³Ý ÁÝÏ»ñÁ. the ~ price Ý»ñϳÛÇë ·Ç- í³ñ³·áõÛñ ù³ß»É. ~ off í³ñ³·áõÛñÝ»ñáí
ÝÁ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ data ÁÝóóÇÏ ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ. ~ di- ÙÇçÝáñÙ»É. ~ call óïñ. ϳÝã. He got three
rectory ÁÝóóÇÏ Ï³ï³Éá·. ~ value ÁÝó- ~s Üñ³Ý 3 ³Ý·³Ù μ»Ù Ññ³íÇñ»óÇÝ Í³÷³-
óÇÏ ³ñÅ»ù: ѳñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí. ~ hook í³ñ³·áõÛñ ϳ-
currently [΄kΛrəntli] adv it is ~ reported Ë»Éáõ Ï»éÇÏ. ~ rail/rod í³ñ³·áõÛñÇ ùÇí:
ѳٳӳÛÝ í»ñçÇÝ Ñ³Õáñ¹áõÙÝ»ñÇÝ: curtain-fire [΄kə:tn‚faiə] n é½Ù. Ññ³Í³Í-
curriculum [kə΄rikjuləm] n áõëáõÙÝ³Ï³Ý ÏáõÛÃ, Ññ³ùáÕ:
Íñ³·Çñ. ~ vitae Ï»Ýë³·ñ³Ï³Ý ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ: curtain-raiser [΄kə:tn‚reizə] n ÙÇ ·áñÍá-
curry [΄kΛri] n ϳñÇ ( ѳٻÙáõÝù): ÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ åÇ»ë (μáõÝ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõÙÇó
curry [΄kΛri] v ù»ñáóáí Ù³ùñ»É (ÓÇáõÝ). ³é³ç):
ϳßÇÝ Ù߳ϻÉ. ÷Ëμ. ùÍÝ»É: curtsey, curtsy [΄kə:tsi] n 騻ñ³Ýë. drop
curry-comb [΄kΛrikəum] n ù»ñáó: a ~ 騻ñ³Ýë ³Ý»É£
curse [kə:s] n ³Ý»Íù, ݽáíù. ѳÛÑáÛ³Ýù, íÇ- curvature [΄kə:vət∫ə] n ÏáñáõÃÛáõÝ, ûùáõ-
ñ³íáñ³Ýù. ~s come home to roost ÇÝã áñ ó³- ÃÛáõÝ, áÉáñ³åïáõÛï. ~ of the spine áÕݳ-
curve 206 cut

ß³ñÇ ÍéáõÙ: custom-house [΄kΛstəmhaus] n Ù³ùë³-


curve [kə:v] n Ïáñ ·ÇÍ, ÏáñáõÃÛáõÝ. ¹Ç³- ïáõÝ:
·ñ³Ù, ·Í³·Çñ. Ù³Ã. Ïáñ³·ÇÍ: customs [΄kΛstəmz] n Ù³ùë³ïáõÝ, Ù³ùë.
curve [kə:v] v Íéí»É, Ïáñ³Ý³É The road ~d (ݳ¨ª ~ house). the ~s Ù³ùë³ïáõÝ, Ù³ùë³-
sharply ֳݳå³ñÑÁ ÏïñáõÏ Ã»ùí»ó: ïáõñù. ~ declaration Ù³ùë³ï³Ý ѳÛï³ñ³-
curved [΄kə:vd] a ûù, Ïáñ³ó³Í. a ~ surface ñ³·Çñ. ~ regulations Ù³ùë³ÛÇÝ Ï³ÝáÝÝ»ñ.
ûù/Ïáñ ٳϻñ»ë. a ~ line ûù³·ÇÍ, Ïá- ~ restrictions Ù³ùë³ÛÇÝ ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáõÙ-
ñ³·ÇÍ: Ý»ñ. ~ tariffs ë³Ï³óáõó³Ï/ï³ñÇý. pass
cushion [΄ku∫n] n (μ³½ÙáóÇ) μ³ñÓ. ï»Ë. through the ~ Ù³ùë³ïÝáí ³ÝóÝ»É. ~ clear-
ÙÇç³¹Çñ μ³ñÓ. μÇÉdzñ¹Ç ë»Õ³ÝÇ »½ñ: ance/clearing Ù³ùë³½»ñÍáõÙ. ~ duty/tax Ù³ù-
cushion [΄ku∫n] v μ³ñÓ ¹Ý»É, ѳݷëï³ó- ë³ïáõñù, Ù³ùë³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ñÏ. ~ official Ù³ù-
Ý»É, Ù»ÕÙ³óÝ»É. ~ a blow/a fall Ù»ÕÙ³óÝ»É ë³ï³Ý ͳé³ÛáÕ, Ù³ùë³íáñ. ~ duty free
ѳñí³ÍÁ/μ³ËáõÙÁ. be ~ed against smth ³ÝÙ³ùë. “ C~s inspected” stamp ÏÝÇù
å³ï³Ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÇó ³å³Ñáíí»É: “سùë³ï³Ý ëïáõ·áõÙÁ/½ÝÝáõÙÁ ³Ýó³Í”£
cushy [΄ku∫i] a ËëÏó. Ñ»ßï, ߳ѳí»ï. a ~ cut [kΛt] n Ïïñí³Íù, Ïïñí³Í ï»Õ. í»ñù. a
job ï³ùáõÏ ï»Õ: deep ~ Ëáñ Ïïñí³Íù. a ~ after shaving í»ñù
cusp [kΛsp] n ÉáõëÝÇ »ÕçÛáõñ: ë³÷ñí»Éáõó Ñ»ïá. the surgeon made a ~ íÇ-
cussed [΄kΛsid] a ѳٳé: ñ³μáõÛÅÁ Ïïñí³Íù ³ñ»ó. (ѳñí³Í) a ~
cuspidor [΄kΛspidɔ:] n ³Ù. Ãù³Ù³Ý: with a sword ¹³ßáõÛÝÇ Ñ³ñí³Í. Whose ~ is
custard [΄kΛstəd] n Ïñ»ÙÇ ï»ë³Ï: it? ÃÕÃË. à±í ¿ ÃáõÕÃÁ ÏïñáõÙ. a ~ and thrust
custodian [kΛ΄stəudiən] n å³Ñ³å³Ý ³ßËáõÛÅ í»×. (ÙÇ Ïïáñ) a ~ of cloth/meat
(ÑïÏå.` óݷ³ñ³ÝÝ»ñÇ, ·ñ³¹³ñ³ÝÝ»- ·áñÍí³ÍùÇ/ÙëÇ ÙÇ Ïïáñ. (á×, Ó¨) the ~ of
ñÇ). ËݳٳϳÉ. å³Ñ³Ï. ѳÝñ³ÛÇÝ ß»Ýù»- hair/coat Ù³½»ñÇ Ïïñí³ÍùÁ/á×Á. í»ñ³ñ-
ñÇ å³Ñ³å³Ý: ÏáõÇ Ó¨Á. (Çç»óáõÙ, Ïñ׳ïáõÙ, Ýí³½»-
custody [΄kΛstədi] n ËݳٳϳÉáõÃÛáõÝ, óáõÙ). a ~ in prices/salary ·Ý»ñÇ/³ß˳ï³-
å³Ñå³ÝáõÙ. ~ of children »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñÇ í³ñÓÇ Çç»óáõÙ. a power ~ ¿É. ¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ ³Ý-
ËݳٳϳÉáõÃÛáõÝ. be in the ~ of Ëݳٳ- ç³ïáõÙ. make ~s in the book/film ·ñùáõÙ/
ϳÉáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï ÉÇÝ»É. place in safe ~ (³Ý- ýÇÉÙáõÙ Ïñ׳ïáõÙÝ»ñ ϳï³ñ»É. a short ~
íï³Ý·) å³Ñå³ÝÙ³Ý Ñ³ÝÓÝ»É. have the ~ ÷Ëμ. áõÕÇÕ ×³Ý³å³ñÑ. take a short ~
å³Ñå³Ý»É. ~ of documents ÷³ëï³ÃÕûñÇ áõÕÇÕ ·Ý³É. (ͳÝáÃáõÃÛ³Ý Ë½áõÙ) give one
å³Ñå³ÝáõÙ. Çñ³í. μ³Ýï³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ, a direct ~ ͳÝáÃáõÃÛáõÝÁ ˽»É:
Ó»ñμ³Ï³ÉáõÙ in ~ ϳɳÝùÇ ï³Ï. take into ~ cut [kΛt] v Ïïñ»É, Ïïñï»É, ѳï»É. ~ in
ϳɳݳíáñ»É: two/into pieces/in half »ñÏáõ Ïïáñ ³Ý»É.
custom [΄kΛstəm] n ëáíáñáõÃÛáõÝ, ëáíá- Ïïáñ-Ïïáñ ³Ý»É. ÏÇë»É. The baby has ~ a
ñáõÛÃ. native ~ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ëáíáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. tooth ºñ»Ë³Ý ³ï³Ù ¿ ѳݻÉ. The strap ~s
forgotten/long established ~ Ùáé³óí³Í/í³- my shoulder ¶áïÇÝ áõëë ÏïñáõÙ ¿. ~ smb’s
Õáõó ѳëï³ïí³Í ëáíáñáõÛÃ. break/keep throat Ù»ÏÇ ÏáÏáñ¹Á Ïïñ»É. ~ (up) the
up, maintain a ~ ˳Ëï»É/å³Ñå³Ý»É ëáíá- bread/meat ѳóÁ/ÙÇëÁ Ïïñ³ï»É. ~ flowers/a
ñáõÛÃÁ. It s a ~ with us Ø»½ Ùáï ÁݹáõÝí³Í spray of lilac ͳÕÇÏ/Û³ë³Ù³ÝÇ ×ÛáõÕ Ïïñ»É.
¿/ëáíáñáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³. (ѳ׳Ëáñ¹Ý»ñ, ÏÉÇ»Ý- ~ a notch/one’s name on a tree ͳéÇ íñ³
ïáõñ³) withdraw one’s ~ from ³ÛÉ¨ë ³é¨- ÷áñí³Íù ³Ý»É/³ÝáõÝÁ ÷áñ»É. (Ïïñ»É,
ïáõñ ã³Ý»É£ Ëáõ½»É) ~ smb’s hair Ù³½»ñÁ Ïïñ»É. ~ one’s
customary [΄kΛstəməri] a ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý. as is beard ÙÇñáõùÁ ϳñ׳óÝ»É. ~ a lawn Ù³ñ-
~ ÇÝãå»ë ÁݹáõÝí³Í ¿, ëáíáñ³Ï³ÝÇ å»ë: ·³·»ïÇÝÁ Ëáõ½»É. ~ hay/grass/corn ËáïÁ
customer [΄kΛstəmə] n ·Ýáñ¹, ѳ׳Ëáñ¹, /ϳݳãÁ ÑÝÓ»É. ѳó³Ñ³ïÇÏÁ ѳí³ù»É. ~
å³ïíÇñ³ïáõ. ~ services ѳ׳Ëáñ¹Ý»ñÇ a clearing in the forest ³Ýï³éáõÙ μ³ó³ï
ëå³ë³ñÏáõÙ. awkward ~ ³ÝßÝáñÑù Ù³ñ¹. ѳï»É. The coat is well ~ ì»ñ³ñÏáõÝ É³í ¿
ugly ~ ͳÝñ Ù³ñ¹. queer/rum ~ ï³ñûñÇÝ³Ï Ó¨³Í. (Ïñ׳ï»É) ~ prices/salary/costs of pro-
Ù³ñ¹. duction ·Ý»ñÁ/³ß˳ï³í³ñÓÁ/³ñï³¹ñ³-
cute 207 cyst

Ï³Ý Í³Ëë»ñÁ Ïñ׳ï»É. (ï³ñμ»ñ) ~ smn áõñí³·ÇÍ, »½ñ³·ÇÍ:


dead ³Ýï»ë»É, ѳßíÇ ã³éÝ»É. ~ smn to the cutprice [‚kΛt΄prais] a Çç»óí³Í ·Ý»ñáí:
heart/quick ËÇëï Ëáó»É, íÇñ³íáñ»É. ~ and cutpurse [΄kΛtpə:s] n ·ñå³Ý³Ñ³ï:
run ³ñ³· Ñ»é³Ý³É. ~ across Ïïñ»É ³ÝóÝ»É. cutter [΄kΛtə] n Ó¨³ñ³ñ. ϳï»ñ (ݳí). wire
~ across a field ¹³ßïÁ áõÕÇÕ Ïïñ»É ³ÝóÝ»É. ~s ï»Ë. Ïͳùó³Ý:
have everything ~ and dried ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã ϳ- cut-throat [΄kΛtθrəut] n ѳݹáõ·Ý, ·ÉËÇó
Ýáݳíáñ ¹³ë³íáñ»É/¹³ë³Ï³ñ·»É. ~ a Ó»éù í»ñóñ³Í Ù³ñ¹. Ù³ñ¹³ëå³Ý:
lûng story short ϳñ× ³ë³Í. ~ a lesson ¹³ë cutting [΄kΛtiŋ] n Ïïñ³Ýù. press ~ ûñÃÇ
μ³ó ÃáÕÝ»É. ~ one’s losses Ññ³Å³ñí»É Ïïñ³Ýù.
³Ý߳ѳí»ï ·áñÍÇó. ~ your coat according cutting [΄kΛtiŋ] a ÏïñáÕ, ëáõñ, ÏÍáÕ, Ëá-
to your cloth áïù»ñÁ í»ñÙ³ÏÇ ã³÷áí Ù»Ï- óáÕ. ~ cold ͳÏáÕ/ó÷³ÝóáÕ óáõñï. ~
Ý»É. The knife won’t ~ ¸³Ý³ÏÁ ãÇ ÏïñáõÙ. wind/remark ó÷³ÝóáÕ ù³ÙÇ. ëáõñ ¹Çïá-
Cheese ~s easily ä³ÝÇñÁ Ñ»ßïáõÃÛ³Ùμ ¿ ÕáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÏïñíáõÙ. The lines ~ ¶Í»ñÁ ѳïíáõÙ »Ý. It cutty [΄kΛti] n Í˳Ùáñ×:
~s both ways ¶áñÍÁ ϳñáÕ ¿ »ñÏÏ»ñå í»ñ- cutwater [΄kΛt‚wɔ:tə] n Íáí. çñ³Ñ³ï:
ç³Ý³É/ö³ÛïÁ »ñÏáõ ͳÛñ áõÝÇ/. ~ away cyanic [sai΄ænik] a ϳåáõÛï. ódzݳÛÇÝ:
Ïïñ»É, Ëáõ½»É. ~ away a branch ×ÛáõÕÁ cyanide [΄saiənaid] ùÇÙ. ódzÝǹ:
Ïïñ»É. ~ back Ëáõ½»É. ~ back shrubs Ã÷»ñÁ cyber [΄saibə] n ÏÇμ»é.
Ëáõ½»É. ~ back on expenditure/fuel Ïñ׳ï»É cybercrime [΄saibə‚kraim] n ÏÇμ»é ѳÝ-
ͳËë»ñÁ/í³é»ÉÇùÇ û·ï³·áñÍáõÙÁ. ~ ó³·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ѳٳϳñ·ã³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ýó³-
down Ïñ׳ï»É, ³Ýï³é³Ñ³ï»É. ~ down on ·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ:
sugar Ïñ׳ï»É ß³ù³ñÇ û·ï³·áñÍáõÙÁ. ~ cyberspace [΄saibə‚speis] ÏÇμ»é ï³ñ³Íáõ-
down trees ͳé»ñÁ ѳï»É. ~ smb down to size ÃÛáõÝ:
Ù»ÏÇÝ Çñ ï»ÕÁ ¹Ý»É. ~ free from ³½³ï»É. ~ cyclamen [΄sikləmən] n ³ÉåÇ³Ï³Ý Ù³Ýáõ-
in ˳éÝí»É, ËóÏí»É. ~ in on/into conversation ß³Ï, óÇÏɳٻÝ:
Ëáë³ÏóáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ˳éÝí»É. ~ loose ϳå»ñÁ cycle [΄saikl] n óÇÏÉ, ßñç³Ý. lunar ~ ÉáõëÝÇ
˽»É. ~ off Ïïñ»É. The town is ~ off by floods ÷áõÉ. song ~ »ñ·»ñÇ óÇÏÉ (ѻͳÝÇí) motor ~
лջÕÇ å³ï׳éáí ù³Õ³ùÁ Ïïñí³Í ¿ ÙáïáóÇÏÉ»ï:
ßñç³å³ïÇó. ~ of allowance Ãáß³ÏÁ/³å- cyclic [΄siklik] a å³ñμ»ñ³Ï³Ý, óÇÏɳÛÇÝ:
ñáõëïÁ Ïïñ»É. ~ off with a shilling ų- cyclist [΄saiklist] n ѻͳÝíáñ¹:
é³Ý·áõÃÛáõÝÇó ½ñÏ»É. ~ off the gas ·³½Ý cyclone [΄saikləun] n óÇÏÉáÝ:
³Ýç³ï»É. We have been ~ off Ñ»é. Ø»½ ³Ý- cyclopaedia [‚saikləu΄pi:diə] n ѳÝñ³·Ç-
ç³ï»óÇÝ. ~ short ËáëùÁ Ïïñ»É. ~ through ï³ñ³Ý:
ÙÇçáí ³ÝóÝ»É. ~ up Ïïñï»É, Ïïñ³ï»É. ~ cyclops [΄saiklɒps] n ¹Çó. ÏÇÏÉáå, óÇÏÉáå.
up all the meat ³ÙμáÕç ÙÇëÁ Ïïñï»É. ~ up Ùdzãù³ÝÇ Ù³ñ¹:
rough ½³Ûñ³Ý³É. ~ out Ïïñ»É. ѳݻÉ. Ó¨»É. cygnet [΄signət] n »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹ ϳñ³å:
˳ÕÇó ¹áõñë ·³É. be ~ out for the job ³Û¹ cylinder [΄silində] n ·É³Ý:
³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ëï»ÕÍí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. cut- cylindrical [sə΄lindrikl] a ·É³Ý³Ó¨, ·É³Ý³-
and-dried ß³μÉáݳÛÇÝ, ϳճå³ñ³ÛÇÝ. Í»Í- íáñ:
í³Í. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ command ËÙμ³·ñÙ³Ý Ññ³- cymbals [΄simblz] n pl »ñÅß. ÍÝÍÕ³:
ѳݷ. ~ form ¿ç. ~ set ѳïáõÛÃ: cynic [΄sainik] n ³Ý³ÙáÃ, ÉÏïÇ, óÇÝÇÏ. ~
cute [kju:t] a Ë»Éáù, ëñ³ÙÇï, Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏ. crime ÉÏïÇ Ñ³Ýó³·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ:
³Ù. ¹áõñ»Ï³Ý, ëÇñáõݳï»ë. She is ~ ܳ cynical [΄sinikl] a ³Ýå³ïϳé, ³Ý³ÙáÃ,
¹áõñ»Ï³Ý ³ÕçÇÏ ¿. a ~ dress ·»Õ»óÇÏ ßáñ: ÉÏïÇ:
cutlery [΄kΛtləri] n ¹³Ý³Ï, å³ï³é³ù³Õ, cypress [΄saiprəs] n μëμ. Ýá×Ç, ÏÇå³ñÇë:
·¹³ÉÝ»ñ. ë»Õ³ÝÇ ëå³ëù. ~ drawer ¹³ñ³Ï Cyprian [΄sipriən] n, a ÏÇåñáëóÇ. ÏÇåñá-
ë»Õ³ÝÇ ëå³ëùÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ: ë³Ï³Ý, ÏÇåñ³Ï³Ý:
cutlet [΄kΛtlət] n óϳÍá, ÏáïÉ»ï: cyst [sist] n μÅßÏ. ÏÇëï³:
cut-out [΄kΛtaut] n ¿É. ³íïáÙ³ï ³Ýç³ïÇã.
208

D
D, d [di:] ³Ý·É»ñ»Ý ³Ûμáõμ»ÝÇ ãáññáñ¹ ï³- ³éûñÛ³ ϳñÇùÝ»ñ/Ñá·ë»ñ/åñáμÉ»ÙÝ»ñ/
éÁ. »ñÅß. ”é»” Ó³ÛݳÝÇßÁ/Ýáï³Ý: Çñ³¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. ~ bread ³Ù»ÝûñÛ³/
dab I [dæb] n ûè ѳñí³Í, íñÓÝÇ Ë³Õ. a ѳݳ峽ûñÛ³ ѳó. ~ round ³éûñÛ³ å³ñ-
~ of paint Ý»ñÏÇ É³ù³. a ~ of petrol μ»Ý½ÇÝÇ ï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. ~ pay ûñ³í³ñÓ£
μ³ñ³Ï ß»ñï: daily [΄deili] adv ³Ù»Ý ûñ:
dab II [dæb] n ϻݹ. ï³÷³Ï³ÓáõÏ, ϳÙ- daily [΄deili] n ³Ù»ÝûñÛ³ Éñ³·Çñ. ËëÏó.
μ³É³: »ñè»Ï ëå³ëáõÑÇ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ allocation μ³ß-
dab [dæb] v ûè ¹Çåã»É/ѳñí³Í»É. ùë»É. ËáõÙ Áëï ûñ»ñÇ:
ûè Ý»ñÏ»É. ~ some powder on one’s face daintiness [΄deintinəs] n ÝñμáõÃÛáõÝ, í³Û»É-
¹»ÙùÇÝ ÙÇ Ã»Ã¨ ¹ÇÙ³÷áßÇ ùë»É. ~ one’s ãáõÃÛáõÝ, ÷³÷ÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
eyes with a handkerchief ³ãù»ñÁ óßÏÇݳ- dainty [΄deinti] a Ýáõñμ, ÝñμÇÝ, Ýñμ³Ï³½Ù.
Ïáí ͳÍÏ»É/ëñμ»É. ~ medicine to a cut Ýñμ³×³ß³Ï. ѳٻÕ:
í»ñùÇÝ ¹»Õ ¹Ý»É: dainty [΄deinti] n Ñ³Ù»Õ áõï»É»Õ»Ý. ÁÝïÇñ
dabble [΄dæbl] v Ãñç»É, óó³óÝ»É, óáÕ»É. ~ μ³Ý. be ~ over one’s food ùٳ׳߳Ï/Ýñμ³-
one’s hands/feet in water Ó»éù»ñÁ/áïù»ñÁ çñÇ ùÇÙù/Ýñμ³×³ß³Ï ÉÇÝ»É. Ñ³Ù»Õ áõï»ÉÇù
Ù»ç Ãñç»É. ÷Ëμ. ëÇñáÕ³Ï³Ý Ù³Ï³ñ¹³- ëÇñ»É:
Ïáí/ٳϻñ»ëáñ»Ý ÙÇ μ³Ýáí ½μ³Õí»É. ~ in dairy [΄deəri] n ϳÃݳÙûñùÇ Ë³ÝáõÃ/·áñ-
verse ѳ×áõÛùÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ μ³Ý³ëï»ÕÍáõÃÛáõÝ Í³ñ³Ý. ~ farm/cattle ϳÃݳïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý
·ñ»É. ~ in politics ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ Ñ»- ý»ñÙ³. ϳÃݳïáõ ³Ý³ëáõÝ. ~ man/maid
ï³ùñùñí»É: ϳÃݳïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ý»ñÙ³ÛÇ ³ß˳ïáÕ.
dabbler [΄dæblə] n ëÇñáÕ, ¹ÇÉ»ï³Ýï: ÏÃíáñ, ÏÃíáñáõÑÇ:
dabby [΄dæbi] a óó, Ëáݳí: dairying [΄deəriiŋ] n ϳÃݳïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ:
dabster [΄dæbstə] n ·Çï³Ï, Ù³ëݳ·»ï: dais [΄deiis] n ³ÙμÇáÝ, ï³Ëï³Ï³Ù³Í:
dace [deis] n ϻݹ. Ù³Ýñ³Í³Í³Ý (ÓáõÏ): daisy [΄deizi] n Ù³ñ·³ñï³Í³ÕÇÏ:
dactylogram [dæk΄tiləgræm] n Ù³ïÝ»ñÇ dale [deil] n ÑáíÇï. up hill and down ~ É»éÝ»-
¹ñáßÙ: ñáí ¨ ÑáíÇïÝ»ñáí:
dactylography [‚dækti΄lɒgrəfi] n Ù³ïݳ- dalesman [΄deilzmən] n Ñáíï³μÝ³Ï Ù³ñ¹:
¹ñáßÙáõÙ: dalliance [΄dæliəns] n å³ñ³åáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ý-
dad [dæd] n daddy [΄dædi]í ËëÏó. ѳÛñ, μáí³Ý¹³Ï ½í³ñ×áõÃÛáõÝ:
ѳÛñÇÏ: dally [΄dæli] v ¹³ï³ñÏ μ³Ý»ñáí ½μ³Õí»É.
dado [΄deidəu] n ×ñï. å³ïí³Ý¹³Ý, ï³Ë- ½í³ñ׳ݳÉ. ëÇñ³Ï³ï³Ï»É. ~ away ų-
ï³Ï³¹ñí³·: Ù³Ý³Ï ÏáñóÝ»É:
daffodil [΄dæfədil] n μëμ. ¹»ÕÇÝ Ý³ñ·Ç½ dam [dæm] n ³Ùμ³ñï³Ï, å³ïÝ»ß, å³ï-
(ݳ¨` ·áõÛÝ): í³ñ. build a ~ ³Ùμ³ñï³Ï ϳéáõó»É:
daft [da:ft] a ˻ɳé, Ë»ÝÃ. ûè³ÙÇï. go ~ dam [dæm] v å³ïí³ñ»É, ³Ùμ³ñï³Ï»É,
Ë»ÉùÁ ÏáñóÝ»É. Don’t be ~ ÐÇÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ÙÇ° ³ñ·»Éù ѳñáõó»É. ~ (up) a river ·»ïÁ å³ï-
³ÝÇ: ݻ߻É/³Ùμ³ñï³Ï»É:
dagger [΄dægə] 1. n ¹³ßáõÛÝ. be at ~s drawn damage [΄dæmidз] n íݳë, íݳëí³Íù
ÃßݳÙÇ ÉÇÝ»É Ù»ÏÇ Ñ»ï. look/speak ~s (ݳ¨ª ýǽÇϳϳÝ). heavy/slight ~
ëå³éݳÉÇó ݳۻÉ/Ëáë»É. 2. v ¹³ßáõÛÝáí áõÅ»Õ/ûè íݳëí³Íù. suffer a ~ íݳë
Ë÷»É, ¹³ßáõݳѳñ»É: Ïñ»É. The storm did much ~ öáÃáñÇÏÁ ß³ï
dahlia [΄deiliə] n μëμ. ·»áñ·ÇÝ, ·»áñ·»ÝÇ: íݳë å³ï׳é»ó. Çñ³í. actual ~ ÷³ë-
daily [΄deili] a ³Ù»ÝûñÛ³, ³éûñÛ³, ûñ³Ï³Ý. ï³óÇ íݳë. consequential ~ ³ÝáõÕÕ³ÏÇ
~ visits/meetings/needs/incidents/problems ³- íݳë. criminal~ ѳÝó³íݳë. cause ~ íݳë
Ù»ÝûñÛ³ ³Ûó»ÉáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ/ѳݹÇåáõÙÝ»ñ. ѳëóÝ»É/å³ï׳é»É. ËëÏó. What’s the ~?
ƱÝã ¿ñ ¹ñ³ ³ñÅ»ùÁ, àñù³±Ý »Ù Ó»½
damage 209 dandle

å³ñïù. ~s pl íݳëÝ»ñÇ ÷áËѳïáõóáõÙ, damning [΄dæmiŋ] a Çñ³í. ~ evidence ͳÝñ/


íݳë³Ñ³ïáõóáõÙ. recover ~ ÷áËѳïáõ- Ù»ñϳóáõóÇã ѳÝó³Ýß³Ý:
óáõÙ ëï³Ý³É. claim ~ ÷³ËѳïáõóáõÙ damp [dæmp] n ËáݳíáõÃÛáõÝ, óóáõÃÛáõÝ.
å³Ñ³Ýç»É. pay/asses ~s í׳ñ»É, íݳëÁ ÷Ëμ. íѳïáõÃÛáõÝ, ÁÝÏ×í³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ
÷áËѳïáõó»É. íݳëÇ ã³÷Á áñáß»É. nomi- damp [dæmp] a Ëáݳí, óó. a ~ soil /climat
nal ~s íݳë³Ñ³ïáõóáõÙ ËáñÑñ¹³Ýß³Ï³Ý Ëáݳí ÑáÕ/ÏÉÇÙ³. ~ clothes Ëáݳí/óó
ã³÷áí: ßáñ»ñ/ѳ·áõëï. ~ with dew óáÕÇó Ëáݳ-
damage [΄dæmidз] v íݳë»É, ÷ã³óÝ»É, í³ó³Í, óáÕí³Í:
íݳë ѳëóÝ»É. í³ñϳμ»Ï»É. ~ one’s leg damp [dæmp] v (ݳ¨ dampen) Ëáݳí³óÝ»É,
áïùÁ íݳë»É. ~d property íݳëí³Í ·áõÛù/ óó³óÝ»É. the soil/clothes ÑáÕÁ Ëáݳí³ó-
áõÝ»óí³Íù. The crop was ~d ´»ñùÁ íݳë- Ý»É (çñ»É). ßáñ»ñÁ Ëáݳí³óÝ»É (Ãñç»É). ~
í»ó. Her eyes were ~d Üñ³ ï»ëáÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ down a bonfire ˳ñáõÛÏÁ ѳݷóÝ»É. (÷ã³ó-
í³ï³ó»É ¿ñ. Smoking ~s health ÌË»ÉÁ íݳ- Ý»É) Our spirits were ~ed by the rain ²ÝÓñ¨Á
ëáõÙ ¿ ³éáÕçáõÃÛ³ÝÁ. The scandal ~d his ca- ÷ã³óñ»ó Ù»ñ ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ:
reer/reputation êϳݹ³ÉÁ í³ñϳμ»Ï»ó damper [΄dæmpə] n ï»Ë. Ëɳñ³ñ, ϳ-
Ýñ³Ý/÷ã³óñ»ó Ýñ³ ϳñÇ»ñ³Ý. The wing ÷áõÛñ. put a ~ on things ËëÏó. ³ÙμáÕç ѳ-
was ~d ²íïáÙ»ù»Ý³ÛÇ ³Ýí³Í³ÍÏáóÁ/èÁ ×áõÛùÁ ÷ã³óÝ»É:
ÍéÙéí»É ¿ñ. The foodstuffs were ~d êÝݹ³- damping [΄dæmpiŋ] n Ëáݳí³óáõÙ, óó³-
ÙûñùÁ ÷ã³ó»É ¿ñ: óáõÙ. ï»Ë. ËɳóáõÙ, ³ñ·»É³ÏáõÙ:
damageable [΄dæmidзəbl] a ßáõï ÷ã³óáÕ, dampish [΄dæmpi∫] a Ëáݳí, ùÇã Ëáݳí,
íݳëÙ³Ý »Ýóϳ: óó:
damaging [΄dæmidзiŋ] a íݳë³Ï³ñ. ~ to in- damp-proof [΄dæmppru:f] a ³ÝËáݳí³Ý-
terests ߳ѻñÇÝ íݳëáÕ. ~ decision íݳë³- óÇÏ, ³Ýçñ³ÝóÇÏ:
ϳñ/ íݳë³μ»ñ áñáßáõÙ: dance [da:ns]1. n å³ñ, å³ñ³Ñ³Ý¹»ë. coun-
damask [΄dæməsk] n ¹³Ù³ëÏÛ³Ý åáÕå³ï. try ~ ÅáÕáíñ¹³Ï³Ý å³ñ. have a ~ with smn
ͳÕϳíáñ ·áñÍí³Íù. ³É ϳñÙÇñ ·áõÛÝ: Ù»ÏÇ Ñ»ï å³ñ»É/å³ñÇ Ññ³íÇñ»É. ÷Ëμ.
dame [deim] n ïÇÏÇÝ, ѳë³ÏÝ ³é³Í ÏÇÝ: lead smn a ~ ùÃÇó μéÝ³Í Ù³Ý ³Í»É. ÷Ëμ. ~
damn I [dæm] n ËëÏó. ãÝãÇÝ ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. to one’s tune/piping áõñÇßÇ Ë»Éùáí ß³ñÅí»É,
It’s not worth a ~ ØÇ ùáé Ïáå»Ï/ÏÍ³Í Ïáñǽ áõñÇßÇ Í³÷ ï³Éáí å³ñ ·³É. ~s are held
¿É ã³ñÅÇ. I don’t give a ~ ÆÝÓ μáÉáñáíÇÝ ãÇ every Sunday ²Ù»Ý ÏÇñ³ÏÇ å³ñ»ñ »Ý
Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÙ: ϳ½Ý³Ï»ñåíáõÙ: 2. a å³ñ³ÛÇÝ:
damn II [dæm] n ³Ý»Íù, ݽáíù. ѳÛÑáÛ³Ýù: dance [da:ns] v å³ñ»É, å³ñ ·³É. ó³ïÏ»É,
damn [dæm] v ³ÝÇÍ»É, ѳÛÑáÛ»É, ¹³ï³- Ãéã»É. ~ a waltz í³Éë å³ñ»É. ask smn to ~
å³ñï»É. He can’t be ~ed Üñ³Ý ãÇ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ å³ñÇ Ññ³íÇñ»É. ~ for joy áõñ³ËáõÃÛáõÝÇó
¹³ï³å³ñï»É. I’ll be ~ed if... ²ÝÇÍí»Ù, å³ñ»É. ÷Ëμ. ~ attendance on smb ßáÕáùáñ-
»Ã»... ~ him! ë³ï³Ý³Ý Ýñ³ Ñ»ï. ~ (it)! ë³- ûÉ, ùÍÝ»É. (åïïí»É) The leaves ~ î»ñ¨Ý»ñÁ
ï³Ý³Ý/·ñáÕÁ ï³ÝÇ. ~ his impudence ǯÝã åïïíáõÙ »Ý:
³Ùμ³ñï³í³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: dancer [΄da:nsə] n å³ñáÕ, å³ñáõÑÇ. a good
damnable [΄dæmnəbl] a å³ñë³í»ÉÇ. ËëÏó. ~ ɳí å³ñáÕ/å³ñáõÑÇ. ÷Ëμ. merry ~s
³ÝÇÍÛ³É, ½½í»ÉÇ. ~ lies ·³ñß»ÉÇ ëáõï. ~ ÑÛáõëÇë³÷³ÛÉ:
weather ½½í»ÉÇ »Õ³Ý³Ï. ~ taxes ³ÝÇÍÛ³É dancing [΄da:nsiŋ] 1. n å³ñ»ñ, å³ñ»ÉÁ,
ѳñÏ»ñ: å³ñ ·³ÉÁ. å³ñ. I love ~ êÇñáõÙ »Ù å³ñ»É.
damnation [dæm΄nei∫n] 1. n ¹³ï³å³ñ- 2. a å³ñ³ÛÇÝ, å³ñÇ. ~ party å³ñ³Ñ³Ý-
ïáõÙ. ³Ý»Íù, ݽáíù. May ~ take it ! ²ÝÇÍÛ³É ¹»ë. ~ school/master å³ñÇ ¹åñáó/¹³ë³-
ÉÇÝÇ. 2. int ·ñáÕÁ ï³ÝÇ: ïáõ. ~ partner å³ñÁÝÏ»ñ:
damned [dæmd] a ËëÏó. ³ÝÇÍÛ³É, ëáëϳ- dandelion [΄dændilaiən] n μëμ. ˳ïáõïÇÏ:
ÉÇ. ËëÏó. some ~ fool of a driver ÙÇ ÇÝã-áñ ÑÇ- dandle [΄dændl] v ûñáñ»É. ~ a child in one’s
Ù³ñ/³åáõß í³ñáñ¹. It’s ~ hot here! êáëϳ- arms/on one’s lap »ñ»Ë³ÛÇÝ Ó»éù»ñÇ/
ÉÇ/¹Åá˳ÛÇÝ ßá· ¿ ³Ûëï»Õ: ÍÝÏÝ»ñÇ íñ³ ûñáñ»É:
dandruff 210 dash

dandruff [΄dændrəf] n û÷ (·ÉËÇ, Ù³ßÏÇ): dark [da:k] n ÙÃáõÃÛáõÝ, ˳í³ñ. in the ~
dandy [΄dændi] n Ýñμ³×³ß³Ï ѳ·Ýí³Í ÙÃáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç. at ~ ÙáõÃÁ íñ³ ѳëÝ»ÉÇë. be-
Ù³ñ¹. å×ݳÙáÉ: fore/after ~ ÙáõÃÝ ÁÝÏÝ»Éáõó ³é³ç/Ñ»ïá.
dandyism [΄dændiiz(ə)m] n å×ݳÙáÉáõ- ÷Ëμ. keep in the ~ ³ÝѳÛïáõÃÛ³Ý/³Ýï»Õ-
ÃÛáõÝ, ¹»Ý¹ÇǽÙ: Û³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç å³Ñ»É. ÝÏñã. the lights and ~s
dane [dein] n ¹³ÝÇ³Ï³Ý ¹á·/·³Ù÷é: ÉáõÛëÝ áõ ëïí»ñÁ:
danger [΄deindзə] 1. n íï³Ý·, ëå³éݳÉÇù. dark [da:k] a ÙáõÃ, ˳í³ñ. get/grow ~ ÙÃÝ»É.
be in/out of ~ íï³Ý·Ç Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É. íï³Ý·Çó pitch ~ ÉñÇí ˳í³ñ. ËëÏó. Ù³ï¹ ³ãùÁ
¹áõñë /³å³Ñáí ÉÇÝ»É. in case of ~ íï³Ý·Ç ÏáË»ë` ãÇ ï»ëÝÇ. a ~ night Ùáõà ·Çß»ñ. a ~
¹»åùáõÙ. face the ~ íï³Ý·ÇÝ ¹ÇٳϳۻÉ. day ³Ùåáï/ÃËåáï ûñ. a ~ dress Ùáõ· ·áõÛ-
put smb in ~ Ù»ÏÇÝ íï³Ý·Ç »ÝóñÏ»É. ~ to ÝÇ Ñ³·áõëï. a ~ complexon ÃáõË, Ã˳¹»Ù.
peace/society/life/health ëå³éݳÉÇù ˳ճ- (Ùé³ÛÉ) a ~ mood Ùé³ÛÉ ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ.
ÕáõÃÛ³ÝÁ/ѳë³ñ³ÏáõÃÛ³ÝÁ/ÏÛ³ÝùÇÝ/³- the ~ side of things Çñ»ñÇ Ùáõà ÏáÕÙÁ. ~ days
éáÕçáõÃÛ³ÝÁ. (óáõó³Ý³Ï) “Danger!” ìï³Ý- ë¨/ͳÝñ ûñ»ñ. a ~ hint Ùáõà ³ÏݳñÏ. keep it
·³íáñ ¿ ÏÛ³ÝùÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. 2. a. ~ signal ~ áã Ù»ÏÇÝ áã ÙÇ Ëáëù. keep smth ~ ·³ÕïÝÇ
íï³Ý·Ç ³½¹³Ýß³Ý. ~ zone íï³Ý·³íáñ å³Ñ»É. a ~ horse ÷Ëμ. ÙáõÃ/˳í³ñ ÓÇ Ùáõ·
½áݳ. ~ money ѳí»ÉÛ³É í³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛáõÝ (·áõÛÝ) ~ grey/green/brown/blue Ùáõ·. ÙáËñ³-
íï³Ý·Ç ѳٳñ: ·áõÛÝ/ϳݳã/ß³·³Ý³Ï³·áõÛÝ/ϳåáõÛï:
dangerous [΄deindзərəs] a íï³Ý·³íáñ, darken [΄da:kən] v ÙÃÝ»óÝ»É, ˳í³ñ»óÝ»É.
ëå³éݳÉÇó. ~ enemy/criminal/step íï³Ý- ÙÃÝ»É, ˳í³ñ»É. Ùé³ÛÉí»É:
·³íáñ ÃßݳÙÇ/á×ñ³·áñÍ/ù³ÛÉ. Bathing here darkish [΄da:ki∫] a Ùáõ·, Ù·³íáõÝ, ÙÃáï:
is ~ ²Ûëï»Õ íï³Ý·³íáñ ¿ ÉáճݳÉ. poten- darkly [΄da:kli] adv Ùé³ÛÉ, Ùé³ÛÉáñ»Ý. ÷Ëμ.
tially ~ Ñݳñ³íáñ íï³Ý· Ý»ñϳ۳óÝáÕ: ³ÝѳëϳݳÉÇ, ³é»ÕÍí³Í³ÛÇÝ. hint ~ ³Ï-
dangerously [΄deindзərəsli] adv íï³Ý·³- ݳñÏ»É ³Ýáñáß /Ùßáõß³å³ï Ï»ñåáí:
íáñ Ó¨áí/Ï»ñåáí. be ~ ill íï³Ý·³íáñ ÑÇ-
darkness [΄da:knəs] n ÙÃáõÃÛáõÝ, ˳í³ñ.
í³Ý¹ ÉÇÝ»É. live ~ íï³Ý·³íáñ ÏÛ³Ýùáí
÷Ëμ. the powers of ~ ˳í³ñÇ áõÅ»ñÁ:
³åñ»É:
darling [΄da:liŋ] n ëÇñ»ÉÇ, ³Ù»Ý³ëÇñ»ÉÇ
dangle [΄dæŋgl] v ϳËí»É, ³½³ï Ï³Ë ÁÝÏ- Ù³ñ¹. my ~ ëÇñ»ÉÇë. the ~ of fortune μ³ËïÇ
Ý»É. ϳ˻É, Ï³Ë ï³É. ÷Ëμ. Ññ³åáõñ»É,
ëÇñ»ÉÇ. the ~ of all hearts μáÉáñÇ/ѳÙÁݹѳ-
·ñ³í»É. She ~d the key in front of her brother
Ýáõñ ëÇñ»ÉÇ. She is a perfect ~ ܳ å³ñ-
ܳ μ³Ý³ÉÇÝ Ã³÷³Ñ³ñ»ó Çñ »Õμáñ ³ãù»-
½³å»ë ëù³Ýã»ÉÇ ¿:
ñÇ ³éç¨:
dangler [΄dæŋglə] n å³ñ³å-ë³ñ³å Ù³ñ¹. darn [da:n] n ϳñϳï³Ý, ϳñϳï³Í ï»Õ.
ÏݳÙáÉ:
darn [da:n] v ϳñϳï»É, ͳϻñÁ ÉóÝ»É:
dank [dæŋk] a Ëáݳí, óó, ݳÙ: darning [΄da:niŋ] n ϳñϳïáõÙ, ϳñϳï»-
dapper [΄dæpə] a ßù»Õ ѳ·Ýí³Í. ³ñ³·³- ÉÁ. ÉÇóù. Ý»ñë³Ï³ñ. a ~ needle ϳñϳï³-
ß³ñÅ, ÅÇñ. He is a ~ little man ܳ ³Ñ³íáñ ÝÇ ³ë»Õ:
å×ݳÙáÉ ¿. dart [da:t] n Ý»ïáÕ³Ï³Ý ½»Ýù. Ýǽ³Ï, ï»·,
dapple [΄dæpl] 1. a ˳Ûï³μÕ»ï, ˳ïáõ- Ý»ï. ~s (˳Õ) Ý»ïáõÙ Ýǽ³ÏÇ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ. ma-
ïÇÏ, μͳíáñ. ~ grey ˳ɳíáñ, ·áñß ÓÇ. 2. ke a ~ Ý»ïí»É:
v μÍ»ñáí ͳÍÏí»É: dart [da:t] v ëɳݳÉ. ~ forward ³é³ç Ý»ï-
dare [deə] v ѳٳñÓ³Ïí»É, ѳݹ·Ý»É. I ~ í»É/ëɳݳÉ. ~ down ËáÛÁÝóó ÃéÇãù ϳ-
say гٳñÓ³ÏíáõÙ »Ù ³ë»É. How ~ you? ï³ñ»É, ¹»åÇ í³Ûñ ëɳݳÉ. Swallows were
ÆÝãå»±ë »ù ѳٳñÓ³ÏíáõÙ. Just you ~ ! ~ing down ÌÇÍ»éݳÏÝ»ñÁ Ý»ñù¨ ¿ÇÝ ëɳ-
ØdzÛÝ ÷áñÓÇ°ñ: ÝáõÙ:
dare-devil [΄deə‚devl] 1. n ÏïñÇ×, Ëǽ³- darting [΄da:tiŋ] a ëñÁÝóó, ³ñ³·ÁÝóó:
Ëáñ¹. 2. a Ëǽ³Ë, ã³÷³½³Ýó ѳݹáõ·Ý. dash [dæ∫] n ùÇã ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ, åïÕáõÝó. a
³Ý»ñÏÛáõÕ: ~ of pepper ÙÇ åïÕáõÝó åÕå»Õ. (˳é-
daring [΄deəriŋ] a ѳٳñÓ³Ï, Ëǽ³Ë. ѳÝ- Ýáõñ¹) juice with a ~ of water ÑÛáõÃ` ˳éݳÍ
¹áõ·Ý: ÙÇ ùÇã çñÇ Ñ»ï. (ó÷, áõÅ·ÇÝ ß³ñÅáõÙ) at
dash 211 dawdle

one ~ Ùdzݷ³ÙÇó. make a ~ ó÷áí/ áõÅ·ÇÝ Ý³Ï³ÏÇó. bring smth up to ~ Ýáñ³óÝ»É, ų-
Ý»ïí»É: ٳݳϳÏÇó ¹³ñÓÝ»É. (ųÙÏ»ï) closing ~
dash [dæ∫] v Ý»ï»É, ßåñï»É. ëɳݳÉ, Ý»ï- í»ñçÇÝ Å³ÙÏ»ïÁ. due ~ í»ñçݳųÙÏ»ï. ~
í»É. óáÕ»É. ~ some water ÙÇ ùÇã çáõñ óáÕ»É. of payment í׳ñÙ³Ý Å³ÙÏ»ïÁ. by specified
(Ïáïñí»É, ÷ßñí»É) The glass ~ed to the ground ~ Ýßí³Í ųÙÏ»ïÇÝ. (ųٳ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ) a
´³Å³ÏÁ ѳï³ÏÇÝ ÁÝϳí áõ Ïáïñí»ó. ~ movie ~ ÏÇÝáÛÇ Å³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. make a ~
against áõÅáí μ³Ëí»É. The boat ~ed against ųٳ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ Ý߳ݳϻÉ. Who is your ~?
the rocks ܳíÁ μ³Ëí»ó ųÛé»ñÇÝ. ËëÏó. ~ à±õÙ Ñ»ï »ë ųٳ¹ñí»É:
off a letter ÙÇ »ñÏïáÕ ·ñ»É. ÷Ëμ. Hopes were date [deit] v Ãí³·ñ»É, Ãí³Ï³Ý ¹Ý»É. ëÏǽμ
~ed ÐáõÛë»ñÁ ÏáñͳÝí»óÇÝ. ~ to the door ³éÝ»É. The letter is ~d ܳٳÏÁ Ãí³·ñí³Í ¿.
¹»åÇ ¹áõéÁ Ý»ïí»É. ~ past ÏáÕùáí ëɳݳÉ- Don’t forget to ~ âÙáé³Ý³ë ³Ùë³ÃÇíÁ ·ñ»É.
³ÝóÝ»É. ËëÏó. I’ll have to ~ ä»ïù ¿ í³½»Ù, ~ from ëÏÇ½μ ³éÝ»É. This building ~s from the
ßï³åáõÙ »Ù: 18th century ²Ûë ßÇÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ãí³·ñíáõÙ ¿
dash-board [΄dæ∫bɔ:d] n í³Ñ³Ý³Ï (³í- 18-ñ¹ ¹³ñÇó. ~ back ëÏÇ½μ ³éÝ»É, ͳ·»É.
ïáÛÇ, ÇÝùݳÃÇéÇ): the custom ~s back to the 1st century êáíá-
dasher [΄dæ∫ə] n ËëÏó. óáõó³ÙáÉ Ù³ñ¹: ñáõÛÃÁ ëÏÇ½μ ¿ ³é»É ³é³çÇÝ ¹³ñáõÙ. The
dashing [΄dæ∫iŋ] a ³ñ³·ÁÝóó, ëñÁÝóó. textbook is beginning to ~ ¸³ë³·ÇñùÁ ëÏëáõÙ
ÏïñÇ×, Ëǽ³Ë: ¿ ÑݳݳÉ. ËëÏó. ųٳ¹ñí»É, ѳݹÇå»É.
dashlight [΄dæ∫lait] n (³íïá) í³Ñ³Ý³ÏÇ He is ~ing Jane ܳ æ»ÛÝÇ Ñ»ï ¿ ѳݹÇåáõÙ:
ɳÙå/ÉáõÛë: dateless [΄deitləs] a ãÃí³·ñí³Í:
dastard [΄dæstəd] n í³ËÏáï Ù³ñ¹: date line [΄deitlain] n ³ëïÕμ. ûñí³ ë³ÑÙ³-
data [΄deitə] n pl ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ, ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝ- ݳ½³ïÙ³Ý ·ÇÍ:
Ý»ñ, ÷³ëï»ñ. official/statistic/advanced ~ date-palm [΄deitpa:m] n ³ñÙ³í»ÝÇ:
å³ß ïáݳϳÝ/íÇ׳ϳ·ñ³Ï³Ý/Ýáñ³ - dative [΄deitiv] n ù»ñ. ïñ³Ï³Ý ÑáÉáí:
·áõÛÝ ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ. collect/obtain ~ ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ datum [΄deitəm] n ïñí³Í Ù»ÍáõÃÛáõÝ:
ѳí³ù»É. ~ processing ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ Ùß³ÏáõÙ: daub [dɔ:b] 1. v ùë»É, Í»÷»É, Ï»Õïáï»É. ~ed
ÑÙÏñ·. ~ base ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ μ³½³. ~ access with paint Ý»ñÏáïí³Í. ~ a paint on the wall
ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ ÁÝïñ»ÉÁ. ~ acquisition ïíÛ³É- Ý»ñÏÁ å³ïÇÝ Í»÷»É. 2. n ³ÝßÝáñÑù/í³ï
Ý»ñÇ Ïáõï³ÏáõÙÁ. ~ adressed memory ½áõ- Ýϳñ:
·áñ¹³Ï³Ý ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ area ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ dauber [΄dɔ:bə] n í³ï/³ÝßÝáñÑù ÝϳñÇã:
ïÇñáõÛÃ. ~ bank ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ μ³ÝÏ. ~ channel dauby [΄dɔ:bi] a ³ÝßÝáñÑù Ýϳñ³Í. Ù³Íáõ-
ÇÝýáñÙ³óÇáÝ ³ÉÇù. ~ communication ïíÛ³É- óÇÏ, ÏåãáõÝ:
Ý»ñÇ ÷á˳ÝóáõÙ. ~ consistancy ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ daughter [΄dɔ:tə] n ¹áõëïñ, ³ÕçÇÏ. adop-
³Ýѳϳë»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ domain ³é³ñϳ۳- ted/grown up/ elder/younger ~ áñ¹»·ñ³Í/ã³-
Ï³Ý ïÇñáõÛÃ. ~ entry ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ Ùáõïù³- ÷³Ñ³ë/³í³·/Ïñïë»ñ ¹áõëïñ. baby ~
·ñáõÙ. ~ flow ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ Ñáëù. ~ input ³ÕçݳÏ. ~ node ÑÙÏñ·. ¹áõëïñ ·³·³Ã:
ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ Ùáõïù³·ñáõÙ. ~ integrity ïíÛ³É- daughter-in-law [΄dɔ:tərinlɔ:] n ѳñë
Ý»ñÇ ³ÙμáÕç³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ network ïíÛ³É- (ïÕ³ÛÇ ÏÇÝÁ):
Ý»ñÇ ÷á˳ÝóÙ³Ý ó³Ýó. ~ rate ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ daughterly [΄dɔ:təli] a ¹ëï»ñ, ³Õçϳ:
ѳÕáñ¹Ù³Ý ³ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝ. ~ set ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ daunt [dɔ:nt] v í³Ë»óÝ»É, ³Ñ³μ»Ï»É, íѳ-
ѳí³ù³Íáõ. ~ validation ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ ×ßïáõ- ï»óÝ»É. Nothing ~s him Üñ³Ý áãÇÝã ãÇ í³-
ÃÛ³Ý ëïáõ·áõÙ/ÑÇÙݳíáñáõÙ: Ë»óÝáõÙ:
datable [΄deitəbl] a Ãí³·ñ»ÉÇ: daunting [΄dɔ:ntiŋ] a í³Ë»óÝáÕ, ³Ñ³-
date I [deit] n ³ñÙ³í, ËáõñÙ³: μ»ÏÇã. a ~ prospect ³Ñ³μ»ÏáÕ Ñ»é³Ýϳñ:
date II [deit] n ûñ, ï³ñ»ÃÇí, ³Ùë³ÃÇí. dauntless [΄dɔ:ntləs] a ³Ý»ñÏÛáõÕ, ³Ýí»Ñ»ñ:
What’s the ~ today? ²Ûëûñ ³ÙëÇ ù³ÝDZëÝ ¿. davenport [΄dævnpɔ:t] n ³ñÏÕ»ñáí ·ñ³ë»-
fix the ~ ûñÁ Ý߳ݳϻÉ. ~ of birth ÍÝÝ¹Û³Ý Õ³Ý. ³Ù. μ³½Ùáó:
Ãí³Ï³ÝÁ. (ųٳݳÏ) at that ~ ³Û¹ ųٳ- daw [dɔ:] n ³ñçݳ·é³í, ë¨ ³·é³í:
ݳÏ. out of ~ Ñݳó³Í. up to ~ ³ñ¹Ç, ųٳ- dawdle [΄dɔ:dl] v å³ñ³å-ë³ñ³å ÉÇÝ»É.
dawdler 212 dead

Ó·Ó·»É, Å³Ù³Ý³Ï í³ïÝ»É. Don’t ~ ²ñ³- day-dreamer [΄deidri:mə] n »ñ³½áÕ, óÝá-


·³óñáõ, Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ÙÇ í³ïÝÇ: ñ³ÙáÉ:
dawdler [΄dɔ:dlə] n ÍáõÛÉ/³Ýμ³Ý Ù³ñ¹: day-labour [΄dei‚leibə] n ûñ³í³ñÓáõ ³ß-
dawn [dɔ:n] n Éáõë³μ³ó, ³ñß³ÉáõÛë. at ~ ˳ï³Ýù:
³ñß³ÉáõÛëÇÝ. from ~ till dusk ³ñß³ÉáõÛëÇó day-labourer [΄dei‚leibərə] n ûñ³í³ñÓáõ
ÙÇÝ㨠³Õç³ÙáõÕç. rise with/at crack of the ~ μ³Ýíáñ:
³ñß³ÉáõÛëÇÝ/ßáõï í³Õ/³ñÃݳݳÉ. ÷Ëμ. at daylight [΄deilait] n ó»ñ»Ïí³ ÉáõÛë, ó»ñ»Ï.
the ~ of civilization ù³Õ³ù³ÏñÃáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñ- ÷Ëμ. Ññ³å³ñ³Ï³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ. in broad ~ ûñÁ
ß³ÉáõÛëÇÝ: ó»ñ»Ïáí. Ññ³å³ñ³Ï³ÛÝáñ»Ý. get home in
dawn [dɔ:n] v Éáõë³Ý³É, ÉáõÛëÁ μ³óí»É. It is ~ ó»ñ»Ïáí ïáõÝ Ñ³ëÝ»É. ÷Ëμ. see ~ »ÉùÁ
~ing Éáõë³ÝáõÙ ¿. (ͳ·»É, ëÏÇ½μ ³éÝ»É). It ï»ëÝ»É. ÑáõÛëÇ/ÉáõÛëÇ ÝßáõÛÉ áõݻݳÉ. ~ rob-
had ~ed on me ¶ÉËáõÙë ÙÇïù ¿ ͳ·»É. ÷Ëμ. bery ÏáÕáåáõï ûñÁ ó»ñ»Ïáí:
A new era had ~ed Üáñ ųٳݳϳßñç³Ý ¿ daylight-saving [‚deilait΄seiviŋ] n ³Ù³é
»Ï»É: Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ëɳùÁ ÙÇ Å³Ù ³é³ç ·ó»É:
day [dei] n ûñ, ó»ñ»Ï. cold/warm/beutiful/ day-long [΄deilɒŋ] 1. a ³ÙμáÕç ûñÁ ï¨áÕ. 2.
bright/sunny/dull/happy ~ óáõñï/ï³ù/ ·»Õ»- adv ³ÙμáÕç ûñÁ. ûñÝÇμáõÝ:
óÇÏ/ å³Ûͳé/³ñ¨áï/Ó³ÝÓñ³ÉÇ/»ñç³ÝÇÏ day-nursery [΄dei‚nə:sri] n Ù³ÝϳÙëáõñ:
ûñ. by ~ ó»ñ»ÏÁ, ó»ñ»Ïáí. every ~ ³Ù»Ý ûñ. day-school [΄deisku:l] n ó»ñ»Ï³ÛÇÝ áõëáõó-
all ~ long ³ÙμáÕç ûñÁ. by the ~ ûñ³í³ñÓáí. Ù³Ùμ ¹åñáó:
every other ~ûñÁ Ù»ç. ~ in, ~ out ³Ù»Ý ûñ, day-shift [΄dei∫ift] n ó»ñ»Ï³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ñó÷á-
ûñÁ ûñÇÝ. ~ by ~ ûñ»óûñ, ³Ý¹³¹³ñ ~ after ËáõÃÛáõÝ, ó»ñ»Ï³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ñó÷áË:
~ ÝáõÛÝÁ a few ~s ago /later ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ ûñ ³- day-spring [΄deispriŋ] n μÝëï. Éáõë³μ³ó,
é³ç/³Ýó. one of these ~s Ùáï ûñ»ñë. the ~ ³ñß³ÉáõÛë. ÷Ëμ. ëÏǽμ:
before yesterday »ñ»Ï ã¿ ³é³çÇÝ ûñÁ. the ~ day-star [΄deista:] n Éáõë³ëïÕ. Èáõë³ëïÕ:
after tomorrow í³ÕÁ ã¿ ÙÛáõë ûñÁ. at the pres- day-time [΄deitaim] n ûñ, ó»ñ»Ï. in the ~ ûñÁ
ent ~ ³ÛÅÙ, Ý»ñϳÛáõÙë. this ~ a week ³Ûë ó»ñ»Ïáí:
ÝáõÛÝ ûñÁ Ù»Ï ß³μ³Ã Ñ»ïá. any ~ ó³Ýϳ- day-to-day [‚deitə΄dei] a ³éûñÛ³. ~ work
ó³Í ûñ. ~ and night ·Çß»ñ-ó»ñ»Ï. pay per ~ ³Ù»ÝûñÛ³ ³ß˳ï³Ýù:
ûñ³í³ñÓ. in these ~s ³Ûë/Ù»ñ ûñ»ñáõÙ. late daze [deiz] 1. n ½³ñÙ³Ýù, ³åß³Ýù. Ùßáõß.
in the ~ áõß (»ñ»ÏáÛ³Ý). in the ~s of ûñ»ñÇÝ, be in a ~ (ϳñÍ»ë) ÙßáõßÇ Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É. 2. v
ųٳݳÏ, ûñáù. in the ~s of Tigran the Great ½³ñÙ³óÝ»É, ³åß»óÝ»É, ßí³ñ»óÝ»É. be ~d
îÇ·ñ³Ý Ø»ÍÇ ûñáù. in one’s ~s Çñ ųٳݳ- by the news /blow óÝóí»É ÉáõñÇó/ѳñí³ÍÇó:
ÏÇÝ. the other ~ ³ÝóÛ³É ûñÁ, Ùáï ûñ»ñë. dazed [deizd] a ßí³ñ³Í, ³åß³Í. a ~ look
some other ~ Ù»Ï áõñÇß ûñ. one ~ ÙÇ ûñ/ ³Ý- ßí³ñ³Í/³åß³Í Ñ³Û³óù:
·³Ù. ~ off ѳݷëïÛ³Ý ûñ. free/off ~ dazzle [΄dæzl] 1. v ßɳóÝ»É/³åß»óÝ»É. The
ѳݷëïÛ³Ý ûñ. working ~ ³ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ lights ~d me ÈáõÛë»ñÝ ÇÝÓ ßɳóñÇÝ. 2. n ßɳ-
óáõóÇã ÷³ÛÉ:
ûñ. a red letter ~ ÑÇß³ñÅ³Ý ûñ. for a rainy ~
ë¨ ûñí³ Ñ³Ù³ñ. have seen better ~s ɳí
dazzling [΄dæzliŋ] a ßɳóáõóÇã. The sun is ~
²ñ¨Á ßɳóáõóÇã ¿. a ~ beauty ³åß»óáõóÇã/
ûñ»ñ ï»ë³Í. not to look a ~ older μáÉáñáíÇÝ
ßɳóáõóÇã ·»Õ»óÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ prospects ÷³Û-
ã÷áËí»É. Let’s call it a ~ ²Ûëûñí³ Ñ³Ù³ñ
ÉáõÝ Ñ»é³ÝϳñÝ»ñ:
μ³í³Ï³Ý ¿. carry/loose the ~ ѳÕóݳÏ
ï³Ý»É/å³ñïí»É. save the ~ íÇ׳ÏÁ ÷ñÏ»É.
deacon [΄di:kən] n ë³ñÏ³í³·:
~ /night flight ·Çß»ñ³ÛÇÝ/ó»ñ»Ï³ÛÇÝ ÃéÇãù.
deactivate [΄diaktiveit] v ÑÙÏñ·. ë³é»óÝ»É,
ϳݷݻóÝ»É:
~ shift ó»ñ»Ï³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ñó÷áË:
dead [ded] n ѳݷáõóÛ³É, Ù»é»É. the ~ ѳÝ-
day-break [΄deibreik] n ³ñß³ÉáõÛë, Éáõë³- ·áõóÛ³ÉÝ»ñÁ. ÷Ëμ. in the ~ of night/winter
¹»Ù. at ~ ³ñß³ÉáõÛëÇÝ:
ËáõÉ ·Çß»ñÇÝ/Ëáñ ÓÙé³ÝÁ:
day-dream [΄deidr:m] n, v »ñ³½³Ýù, ³- dead [ded] a Ù»é³Í. ë³ïÏ³Í (ϻݹ³ÝÇ). a
Ýáõñç, óÝáñù. ѳñÃÙÝÇ »ñ³½»É/³Ýñç»É:
~ body ¹Ç³Ï. ~ flowers/leaves/matter óé³-
dead 213 dealing

Ù³Í Í³ÕÇÏÝ»ñ, ãáñ ï»ñ¨Ý»ñ, ³Ýϻݹ³Ý dead-water [΄ded‚wɔ:tə] n ϳݷݳÍ/ãÑá-


ÝÛáõÃ. half~ ÏÇë³Ù»é. ÷Ëμ. more ~ than alive ëáÕ çáõñ:
ÏÇë³Ù»é, ÏÇë³Ï»Ý¹³ÝÇ. ~ as a door nail dead wind [‚ded΄wind] n ѳÏÁݹ¹»Ù ù³ÙÇ:
μ³ó³ñӳϳå»ë ³Ýϻݹ³Ý. a ~ calm/ deaf [def] a ËáõÉ. ~ in one ear ÙÇ ³Ï³ÝçÁ
weight ù³Ùáõ ϳï³ñÛ³É μ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ. ËáõÉ. ~ as a post/stone ÉñÇí ËáõÉ, ËɳϳÝç.
Ù»éÛ³É/ ³Ýϻݹ³Ý μ»é ~ wall ËáõÉ å³ï. ~ ~ aid Éë»Éáõ ë³ñù:
silence/centre/languages Ù»éÛ³É, Ù»é»É³ÛÇÝ deaf and dumb [‚defn΄dΛm] a ËáõÉ ¨
ÉéáõÃÛáõÝ/Ï»ï/Ù»é³Í É»½áõÝ»ñ. ~ end ÷³- ѳÙñ:
ÏáõÕÇ. ~ end job ³ÝÑ»é³Ýϳñ ³ß˳ï³Ýù. deafen [΄defn] v ËɳóÝ»É. the noise ~ed him
~ line í»ñçÇÝ Å³ÙÏ»ï. ~ certainty Édzϳ- ³ÕÙáõÏÁ Ëɳóñ»ó Ýñ³Ý. ~ the sound Ó³ÛÝÁ
ï³ñ ѳÙá½í³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. in ~ earnest ÉñÇí/ ˻չ»É:
Ùdzݷ³Ù³ÛÝ Éáõñç. a ~ failure ÉñÇí Ó³Ëá- deafening [΄defniŋ] a ËɳóÝáÕ, ËɳóáõóÇã:
ÕáõÙ. ~ and gone í³Õáõó ³Ýó³Í. ËëÏó. ~ deaf-mute [‚def΄mju:t] n ËáõÉáõѳÙñ:
above the ears/from the neck up ÑÇÙ³ñ, μó- deafness [΄defnəs] n ËÉáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÙÇï. come to a ~ stop ÏïñáõÏ Ï³Ý·Ý»É. be ~ deal I [di:l] n ù³Ý³Ï, μ³ÅÇÝ, Ù³ë. a
to the world Ù»é»ÉÇ å»ë ùÝ»É, ÉñÇí ³Ýç³ï- great/good ~ of ËÇëï ß³ï. a good ~ of
í»É. go ~ ÃÙñ»É (Ó»éù»ñÁ, áïù»ñÁ). Ñ»é. The time/money ųٳݳÏÇ/÷áÕÇ Ù»Í ù³Ý³Ïáõ-
line has gone ~ лé³ËáëÝ ³Ýç³ïí»É ¿. Ùñ½. ÃÛáõÝ. feel a good ~ better Çñ»Ý ß³ï ³í»ÉÇ
a ~ heat ÙdzųٳݳÏÛ³ ýÇÝÇß. ~ file É³í ½·³É. see a good ~ of each other ѳ׳Ë
ÑÙÏñ·. ³Ýѳë³Ý»ÉÇ ý³ÛÉ: ï»ëÝí»É. take a good ~ of trouble ß³ï
dead [ded] adv μáÉáñáíÇÝ, ÉÇáíÇÝ, ϳï³- Ùï³Ñá·í»É. ÃÕÃË. μ³Å³ÝáõÙ, μ³Å³Ý»ÉÁ.
ñ»É³å»ë. ~ broke ÉñÇí ëݳÝϳó³Í. ~ drunk Whose ~ is it? à±í ¿ μ³Å³ÝáõÙ:
ë³ëïÇÏ Ñ³ñμ³Í. ~ against ϳï³ñ»É³å»ë deal II [di:l] n ·áñͳñù, ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ.
¹»Ù. ~ straight μÛáõñ»ÕÇ å»ë ³½ÝÇí, μÛáõñ»- cash ~ ϳÝËÇÏ ·áñͳñù. a fair/square ~ ³½-
Õ³ÛÇÝ ³½ÝíáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ easy ³Ñ³íáñ Ñ»ßï. ~ ÝÇí ·áñͳñù. do/make a ~ with ·áñͳñù
certain ÉñÇí ѳÙá½í³Í. ~ tired ë³ëïÇÏ ÏÝù»É. It’s a ~! гٳӳÛÝ »Ù, »Õ³í:
Ñá·Ý³Í: deal [di:l] v ³éÝãí»É, ·áñÍ áõݻݳÉ. ³é¨ï-
dead-alive [‚dedə΄laiv] a ³Ýϻݹ³Ý. ÷Ëμ. ñáí ½μ³Õí»É. ·áñͳñù ÏÝù»É. ~ a blow
íѳï, ÁÝÏ×í³Í: ѳñí³Í ѳëóÝ»É. ~ out μ³Å³Ý»É. ÃÕÃË.
dead-beat [‚ded΄bi:t] a ç³ñ¹í³Í, ë³ëïÇÏ Ë³Õ³ÃÕûñÁ μ³Å³Ý»É. ~ out gifts/takings
Ñá·Ý³Í. ï»Ë. áã å³ñμ»ñ³Ï³Ý: Ýí»ñÝ»ñ/ß³ÑáõÛÃÝ»ñÁ μ³Å³Ý»É. (½μ³Õí»É)
deaden [΄dedn] v ³Ý½·³Û³óÝ»É, ³Ý½·³Û³- ~ with a question ѳñóáí ½μ³Õí»É, ѳñó
ݳÉ. ËɳóÝ»É, ÃáõɳóÝ»É, ˻չ»É. ~ the ùÝݳñÏ»É. ~ with the matter ·áñÍáí ½μ³Õ-
sound Ó³ÛÝÁ ËɳóÝ»É. ~ the blow/pain í»É. I’ll ~ with him ºë Ͻμ³Õí»Ù Ýñ³Ýáí.
ѳñí³ÍÁ /ó³íÁ ÃáõɳóÝ»É: good at ~ing with ÑÙáõï Ó¨áí ½μ³Õí»É. ~
deadfall [΄dedfɔ:l] n ÍáõÕ³Ï, óϳñ¹: with leather ϳßíÇ ³é¨ïñáí ½μ³Õí»É. He
dead-head [΄dedhed] n ³Ýí׳ñ ïáÙë áõÝ»- doesn’t ~ with jewels ܳ áëÏ»ñãáõÃÛ³Ùμ ãÇ
óáÕ áõÕ¨áñ/ѳݹÇë³ï»ë: ½μ³ÕíáõÙ£
dead-house [΄dedhaus] n ¹Ç³Ï³Ýáó, ¹Ç³- dealer [΄di:lə] n ³é¨ïñ³Ï³Ý. ~ in old clothes
ñ³Ý: Ñݳí³×³é. ~ in household goods ïݳÛÇÝ
dead-letter [‚ded΄letə] n ѳëó»³ïÇñáçÁ ·áñͳÍáõÃÛ³Ý Çñ»ñÇ ³é¨ïñ³Ï³Ý. retail/
ãѳÝÓÝí³Í ݳٳÏ: wholesale ~ Ù³Ýñ³Í³Ë/Ù»Í³Í³Ë ³é¨ï-
dead-light [΄dedlait] n ËáõÉ å³ïáõѳÝ: ñ³Ï³Ý. ~ in politics ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ
dead-lock [΄dedlɒk] n ÷³ÏáõÕÇ, ³Ý»É³Ý»ÉÇ ½μ³ÕíáÕ Ù³ñ¹. a plain ~ ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ/ßÇï³Ï
ϳóáõÃÛáõÝ: Ù³ñ¹:
deadly [΄dedli] a ٳѳóáõ, ٳѳμ»ñ. ³Ýá- dealing [΄di:liŋ] n í³ñí»É³Ï»ñå. honest ~
Õáù, ³ÝáÕáñÙ. ËëÏó. ëáëϳÉÇ, ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ. ³½ÝÇí í³ñí»É³Ï»ñå. ~s ·áñͳñù, ³é¨ï-
~ pale ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ ·áõݳï. ~ weapon ٳѳ- ñ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍ»ñ. stock exchange ~s ³ñÅ»-
μ»ñ ½»Ýù. ~ boring ³Ñ³íáñ Ó³ÝÓñ³óáõóÇã: ÃÕóÛÇÝ ·áñͳñù:
dean I 214 debit

dean I [di:n] n ¹»Ï³Ý. »Ï»Õ. ³í³· ù³Ñ³- death-feud [΄deθfju:d] n ٳѳóáõ Ãßݳ-
ݳ. ~s office ¹»Ï³Ý³ï: ÙáõÃÛáõÝ:
dean II [di:n] n ÑáíÇï, Óáñ³Ï: death-hunter [΄deθ‚hΛntə] n ¹Ç³Ï³åáõï,
deanery [΄di:nəri] n ù³Ñ³Ý³ÛÇ ïáõÝÁ. »Ï»- ÏáÕáåïÇã:
Õ»ó³Ï³Ý ÍáõË: deathless [΄deθləs] a ³ÝÙ³Ñ:
dear [diə] a ëÇñ»ÉÇ, óÝϳ·ÇÝ. hold smb ~ deathly [΄deθli] 1. a ٳѳóáõ, ׳ϳﳷ-
Ù»ÏÇÝ ëÇñ»É. (ݳٳÏáõÙ) ¹ÇÙ»ÉÇë ~ Sir/Ma- ñ³Ï³Ý. 2. adv ٳѳóáõ Ï»ñåáí. ~ pale Ù»-
dam ѳñ·»ÉÇ å³ñáÝ/ïÇÏÇÝ. (óÝÏ, óÝ- é»ÉÇ ·áõÛÝ. a ~ silence Ù»é»É³ÛÇÝ ÉéáõÃÛáõÝ.
ϳñÅ»ù) become/get ~ óÝϳݳÉ. This shop ~ penalty ٳѳå³ïÇÅ:
is very ~ ê³ ß³ï óÝÏ Ë³Ýáõà ¿. (ѳ׻ÉÇ, deathrate [΄deθreit] n ٳѳóáõÃÛáõÝ, Ù³-
ëù³Ýã»ÉÇ) What a little ~ ring ƯÝã ëù³Ýã»ÉÇ Ñ³óáõÃÛ³Ý ïáÏáë/ٳϳñ¹³Ï:
÷áùñÇÏ Ù³ï³ÝÇ ¿. Oh ~!~ me! ²ëïí³¯Í death-trap [΄deθtræp] n íï³Ý·, íï³Ý·³-
ÇÙ: íáñ ï»Õ:
dearly [΄diəli] adv ùÝùßáñ»Ý, óÝÏ. love ~ death warrant [΄deθ‚wɒrənt] n Ù³Ñí³Ý
ùÝùßáñ»Ý ëÇñ»É. pay ~ for one’s mistake óÝÏ ¹³ï³í×Çé, Ç Ï³ï³ñ ³Í»Éáõ ϳñ·³¹ñáõ-
í׳ñ»É ë˳ÉÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. I would ~ like ÃÛáõÝ:
to know ³ÝÏ Ïí׳ñ»Ç ÇٳݳÉáõ ѳ- debar [di΄ba:] v ³ñ·»É»É, Çñ³íáõÝùÇó
Ù³ñ: ½ñÏ»É, ËáãÁݹáï»É. ~ from voting ÁÝïñ»-
dearth [΄də:θ] n å³Ï³ë, å³Ï³ëáõÃÛáõÝ, Éáõ/ùí»³ñÏ»Éáõ Çñ³íáõÝùÇó ½ñÏ»É:
ϳñÇù. ~ of labour μ³Ýíáñ³Ï³Ý áõÅÇ Ï³- debark [di΄ba:k] v ³÷ Çç»óÝ»É. ³÷/ó³Ù³ù
ñÇù/å³Ï³ë: ѳݻÉ:
deary [΄diəri] n ËëÏó. ëÇñ»ÉÇ, óÝϳ·ÇÝ. debarkation [‚diba:΄kei∫n] n ³÷ѳÝáõÙ,
³ÝáõßÇÏë: ³÷ ÇçÝ»ÉÁ. μ»éݳó÷áõÙ:
death [deθ] n Ù³Ñ. ÷Ëμ. ÏáñͳÝáõÙ. í»ñç, debase [di΄beis] v ëïáñ³óÝ»É, ³ñųݳ-
í³Ë׳Ý. sudden/untimely/violent/instant ~ å³ïíáõÃÛáõÝÇó ·ó»É. Çç»óÝ»É. ~ the coinage
ѳÝϳñͳÏÇ/³ÝųٳݳÏ/μéÝÇ/í³ÛñÏ»- ï³ñ³¹ñ³ÙÇ ³ñÅ»ùÁ Çç»óÝ»É:
Ý³Ï³Ý Ù³Ñ. tortured to ~ ï³Ýç³Ù³Ñ debasement [di΄beismənt] n ëïáñ³óáõÙ,
³ñ³Í. (die) a ~ of hero Ñ»ñáëÇ Ù³Ñáí (Ù»é- Ýí³ëï³óáõÙ. í³ïóñ³óáõÙ:
Ý»É). die a natural ~ μÝ³Ï³Ý Ù³Ñáí Ù»éÝ»É. debatable [di΄beitəbl] a íÇ×»ÉÇ, íÇ׳ñÏ»ÉÇ:
freeze to ~ ë³ëïÇÏ ë³é»É. óñïÇó Ù»éÝ»É. debate [di΄beit] n ùÝݳñÏáõÙ, íÇ׳μ³Ýáõ-
starve to ~ ù³ÕóÇó Ù»éÝ»É. be burnt to ~ Ï»Ý- ÃÛáõÝ. μ³Ý³í»×, μ³Ý³ÏéÇí: a ~ on the prob-
¹³ÝÇ ³Ûñí»É. tired to ~ ëáëϳÉÇ Ñá·Ý³Í. lem ѳñóÇ ùÝݳñÏáõÙ. μ³Ý³í»×£
put to ~ ٳѳå³ïÅÇ »ÝóñÏ»É. ÷Ëμ. bo- debate [di΄beit] v ùÝݳñÏ»É, íÇ׳μ³Ý»É.
red to ~ Ù³Ñáõ ã³÷ Ó³ÝÓñ³ó³Í. ~ certifi- Ïßé³¹³ï»É, ËáñÑ»É. beyond ~ ³ÝíÇ×»ÉÇá-
cate Ù³Ñí³Ý íϳ۳ϳÝ. Çñ³í. ~ penalty ñ»Ý. the ~s ËáñÑñ¹Ç ÝÇëï»ñÇ Ñ³ßí»ïíáõ-
ٳѳå³ïÇÅ. be the ~ of smb Ù³Ñí³Ý ÃÛáõÝ:
å³ï׳é ѳݹÇë³Ý³É. This will be the ~ of debater [di΄beitə] n μ³Ý³í»×Ç Ù³ëݳÏóáÕ,
me ¸³ ÇÙ í»ñçÁ Ïμ»ñÇ, í»ñçë Ïï³. ~ trap ùÝݳñÏáÕ:
ÍáõÕ³Ï, áñá·³ÛÃ. é½Ù. ~ roll ½áÑí³ÍÝ»ñÇ debauch [di΄bɔ:t∫] v ³Ýϳñ·áõÃÛáõÝ. ·Ç-
óáõó³Ï. ~ warrant Ù³Ñí³Ý ¹³ï³í×Çé. at ݳñμáõù. ³Ýμ³ñá۳ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ£
~‘s door ٳѳٻñÓ. ~ notice ٳѳ½¹ (ûñ- debauched [di΄bɔ:t∫d] a ßí³Ûï, ³Ý³é³Ï,
ÃáõÙ). ~ blow ٳѳóáõ ѳñí³Í: ³Ýμ³ñá۳ϳÝ:
deathbed [΄deθbed] n Ù³ÑÇ×, Ù³Ñí³Ý ³Ý- debilitate [di΄biliteit] v ÃáõɳóÝ»É:
ÏáÕÇÝ: debility [di΄biləti] n ÃáõÉáõÃÛáõÝ, ïϳñáõ-
deathbell [΄deθbel] n ٳѳ½³Ý·: ÃÛáõÝ:
death-blow [΄deθbləu] n ٳѳóáõ/׳ϳ- debit [΄debit] n ýÇÝ. å³ñïù, ¹»μ»ï. put to
ï³·ñ³Ï³Ý ѳñí³Í: the ~ å³ñï³·ñ»É. a ~ balance ¹»μ»ï³ÛÇÝ/
death duties [΄deθ‚dju:tis] n ųé³Ý·áõ- å³ëëÇí μ³É³Ýë:
ÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ñÏ: debit [΄debit] v ¹»μ»ïÇ Ù»ç ÙïóÝ»É, å³ñ-
debris 215 deception

ï³·ñ»É. ~ a sum against smb’s account Ù»ÏÇ ~ing ø³Õ³ù³ÏñÃáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ³ÝÏáõÙ »Ý


ѳßíÇÝ ·áõÙ³ñ å³ñï³·ñ»É: ³åñáõÙ:
debris [΄debri:] n μ»ÏáñÝ»ñ, ÏïáñÝ»ñ, decayed [di΄keid] a ÷ï³Í, Ñáï³Í, ù³Ûù³Û-
÷ßáõñÝ»ñ: í³Í. a ~ tooth ÷ã³ó³Í ³ï³Ù. ~ wood
debt [det] n å³ñïù. be in smb’s ~ Ù»ÏÇÝ ÷ï³Í ÷³Ûï. ~ apples Ñáï³Í ËÝÓáñ. a ~
å³ñïù/å³ñï³Ï³Ý ÉÇÝ»É. get/fall/run into building ³í»ñí³Í ß»Ýù:
~ å³ñïùÇ Ù»ç Ëñí»É/ï³Ï ÁÝÏÝ»É. in ~s decease [di΄si:s] n, v í³Ë׳Ý, Ù³Ñ. Ù»éÝ»É,
å³ñïù»ñÇ Ù»ç ÁÝϳÍ. pay a ~ å³ñïùÁ ٳѳݳÉ, í³Ë׳Ýí»É:
ï³É/í»ñ³¹³ñÓÝ»É. write off a ~ å³ñïùÁ deceased [di΄si:st]1. a ѳݷáõóÛ³É, ÝÝç»ó-
ã»ÕÛ³É Ñ³Ù³ñ»É. a bad ~ ³ÝÑáõÛë/³ÝÑáõë³- Û³É 2. n the ~ ѳݷáõóÛ³ÉÁ, ÝÝç»óÛ³ÉÁ. ~‘s
ÉÇ å³ñïù. ~ of honour å³ïíÇ å³ñïù. Na- estate ѳݷáõóÛ³ÉÇÝ å³ïÏ³Ý³Í ·áõÛù:
tional Debt å»ï³Ï³Ý å³ñïù: deceit [di΄si:t] n ˳μ»áõÃÛáõÝ, ëáõï. Ëáñ³-
debtor [΄detə] n å³ñï³å³Ý. ýÇÝ. ¹»μÇ- Ù³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ݻݷáõÃÛáõÝ. frawd and ~ Ï»Õ-
ïáñ. insolvent ~ ³Ýí׳ñáõÝ³Ï å³ñï³- ÍÇù ¨ ˳μ»áõÃÛáõÝ:
å³Ý: ~‘s prison å³ñï³å³ÝÝ»ñÇ μ³Ýï: deceitful [di΄si:tfl] a ëï³Ëáë, Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏ,
debug [‚di:΄bΛg] v ÑÙÏñ·. ϳñ·³μ»ñ»É. ~ ݻݷ:
tool ϳñ·³μ»ñÇã: deceive [di΄si:v] v ˳μ»É, ÙáÉáñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç
debugging [‚di:΄bΛgiŋ] n ÑÙÏñ·. ϳñ·³- ·ó»É. ~ oneself ÇÝùÝ Çñ»Ý ˳μ»É. If my mem-
μ»ñáõÙ: ory doesn’t ~ me ºÃ» ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝë ÇÝÓ ãÇ
debunk [‚di:΄bΛŋk] v ËëÏó. Ù»ñϳóÝ»É, ¹³í³×³ÝáõÙ. be ~d in one’s hopes Ñáõë³-
åë³Ï³½»ñÍ ³Ý»É. ~ smb. Ù»ÏÇÝ Ù»ñϳó- ˳μ ÉÇÝ»É. be ~d into ˳μ»Éáí ëïÇå»É (ÙÇ
Ý»É/åë³Ï³½»ñÍ ³Ý»É: μ³Ý ³Ý»É):
debut [΄deibju:] n ³é³çÇÝ »ÉáõÛÃ, ¹»μÛáõï. decelerate [‚di:΄seləreit] v ³ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝÁ
make one’s ~ ³é³çÇÝ ³Ý·³Ù ѳݹ»ë ·³É: å³Ï³ë»óÝ»É, ¹³Ý¹³Õ»óÝ»É:
decade [΄dekeid] n ï³ëݳÙÛ³Ï, ï³ëÝÛ³Ï: December [di΄sembə]1. n ¹»Ïï»Ùμ»ñ. 2. a
decadence [΄dekədəns] n ³ÝÏáõÙ³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ¹»Ïï»Ùμ»ñÛ³Ý:
³ÝÏáõÙ: decenc/y [΄di:snsi] n å³ñÏ»ßïáõÃÛáõÝ. by /in
decadent [΄dekədənt] a, n ³ÝÏáõÙ³ÛÇÝ, ¹»- (common) ~ ù³Õ³ù³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÇó ¹ñ¹í³Í.
ϳ¹»ï³Ï³Ý. ¹»Ï³¹»Ýï: observe the ~ ies å³ñÏ»ßïáõÃÛáõÝÁ å³Ñå³-
decamp [di΄kæmp] v ׳Ùμ³ñÁ ÃáÕÝ»É, Ý»É. have the ~ å³ñÏ»ßï/ù³Õ³ù³í³ñÇ ÉÇ-
׳Ùμ³ñÇó Ñ»é³Ý³É. ~ with all the money Ý»É. have no ~ å³ñÏ»ßï/ù³Õ³ù³í³ñÇ ãÉÇ-
ËëÏó., ÷Ëμ. ÷áÕ»ñÇ Ñ»ï ÙdzëÇÝ ³ÝѳÛ- Ý»É:
ï³Ý³É/ÍÉÏ»É: decent [΄di:snt] a å³ïß³×, í³Û»Éáõã, ù³-
decampment [di΄kæmpmənt] n ׳Ùμ³ñÁ Õ³ù³í³ñÇ. ~ behaviour å³ïß³×/í³Û»Éáõã
ÃáÕÝ»ÉÁ, ׳Ùμ³ñÇó Ñ»é³Ý³ÉÁ: í³ñí»É³Ï»ñå. (å³ñÏ»ßï, ѳٻëï) The
decant [di΄kænt] v ù³Ù»É, ½ï»É. ~ wine ·Ç- story is no ~ ¸³ ³Ýå³ñÏ»ßï å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ.
ÝÇÝ ½ï»É: ¿. a ~ suit of clothes å³ïß³× Ñ³·áõëï. a ~
decanter [di΄kæntə] n çñ³Ù³Ý, ·ñ³ýÇÝ: chap ϳñ·ÇÝ Ù³ñ¹/ïÕ³. be ~ to smn Ù»ÏÇ
decapitate [di΄kæpiteit] v ·É˳ï»É: Ñ»ï ɳí/ù³Õ³ù³í³ñÇ í³ñí»É. That’s very
decapitation [di‚kæpi΄tei∫n] n ·É˳ïáõÙ: ~ of you ¹³ ß³ï ëÇñ³ÉÇñ ¿ Ó»ñ ÏáÕÙÇó.
decay [di΄kei] n ³ÝÏáõÙ, ù³Ûù³ÛáõÙ, ³í»- quite a ~ income μ³í³Ï³Ý ϳñ·ÇÝ »Ï³-
ñáõÙ. dental ~ ³ï³ÙÇ Ï³ñÇ»ë. family ~ ÁÝ- Ùáõï:
ï³ÝÇùÇ ù³Ûù³ÛáõÙ. fall into ~ ù³Ûù³Ûí»É, decently [΄di:sntli] adv å³ïß³×áñ»Ý, í³-
³í»ñí»É. ~ of civilization ù³Õ³ù³ÏñÃáõ- Û»Éãáñ»Ý, ëÇñ³ÉÇñ Ï»ñåáí. dress ~ å³ï-
ÃÛ³Ý ³ÝÏáõÙ: ß³× Ï»ñåáí ѳ·Ýí»É. treat people ~ Ù³ñ¹-
decay [di΄kei] v ÷ï»É, ݻ˻É, ù³Ûù³Ûí»É. ϳÝó ϳñ·ÇÝ/å³ïß³×áñ»Ý í»ñ³μ»ñí»É:
Ñáï»É: His powers are ~ing àõÅ»ñÁ ÃáõɳÝáõÙ decentralize [di:΄sentrəlaiz] v ³å³Ï»Ýï-
»Ý. ~ing flesh ÷ïáÕ Ù³ñÙÇÝ. Teeth are ~ing ñáݳóÝ»É:
²ï³ÙÝ»ñÁ ù³Ûù³ÛíáõÙ »Ý. Civilizations are deception [di΄sep∫n] n ˳μ»μ³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ,
deceptive 216 decline

˳μ»áõÃÛáõÝ. Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ëáõï. get deckhouse [΄dekhaus] n Íáí. ËóÇÏ ï³Ë-


smth by ~ ÇÝã-áñ μ³ÝÇ Ë³μ»áõÃÛ³Ùμ/˳- ï³Ï³Ù³ÍÇ íñ³:
μ»Éáí ѳëÝ»É: decking [΄dekiŋ] n ï³Ëï³Ù³Í. ½³ñ¹³-
deceptive [di΄septiv] a ˳μáõëÇÏ: ñáõÙ, ½³ñ¹³ñ³Ýù:
decide [di΄said] v áñáß»É, í×é»É. ~ a question decklight [΄deklait] n ï³Ëï³Ï³Ù³ÍÇ Éáõ-
ѳñóÁ áñáß»É. ~ in favour of/against smb Ù»ÏÇ ë³ÝóáõÛó:
û·ïÇÝ/¹»Ù í×é»É. ~ between ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝ deckroof [΄dekru:f] n ï³÷³Ï ï³ÝÇù:
ϳï³ñ»É: declaim [di΄kleim] v áï³Ý³íáñ ³ñï³ë³-
decided [di΄saidid] a í×é³Ï³Ý, áñáß³ÏÇ, Ý»É. ѳݹÇë³íáñ/í»ñ³Ùμ³ñÓáñ»Ý Ëáë»É:
³ÝíÇ×»ÉÇ. a ~ improvement áñáß³ÏÇ μ³ñ»- declamation [‚deklə΄mei∫n] n ³ñï³ë³Ýáõ-
ɳíáõÙ. a ~ character í×é³Ï³Ý ³ÝÓݳíá- ÃÛáõÝ, ³ñï³ë³ÝáõÙ. ×áéáÙ³μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
ñáõÃÛáõÝ: declamatory [di΄klæmətəri] a ³ñï³ë³Ý³-
decidedly [di΄saididli] adv í×é³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý, ϳÝ, ¹»ÏɳٳóÇáÝ:
í×é³Ï³Ý³å»ë. ³ÝϳëϳÍ, ³Ýï³ñ³- declaration [‚deklə΄rei∫n] n ѳ۳ï³ñ³ñáõ-
ÏáõÛë: ÃÛáõÝ. Ñéã³ÏáõÙ, Ñéã³Ï³·Çñ. ~ of rights
decimal [΄desəml] 1. a ï³ëÝáñ¹³Ï³Ý. ~ Ù³ñ¹áõ Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇ Ñéã³ÏáõÙ. custom ~
fraction ï³ëÝáñ¹³Ï³Ý Ïáïáñ³Ï. ~ cur- Ù³ùë³ï³Ý Ñéã³Ï³·Çñ. a ~ of war å³ï»-
rency ï³ëÝáñ¹³Ï³Ý ¹ñ³Ù³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³- ñ³½ÙÇ Ñ³Ûï³ñ³ñáõÙ. make a ~ ѳÛï³ñ³-
ϳñ·. 2. n a recurring ~ å³ñμ»ñ³Ï³Ý ñáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É:
ï³ëÝáñ¹³Ï³Ý Ïáïáñ³Ï: declarative [di΄klærətiv] a ù»ñ. å³ïÙáÕ³-
decimalize [΄desəməlaiz] v ï³ëÝáñ¹³Ï³Ý Ï³Ý Ý³Ë³¹³ëáõÃÛáõÝ:
Ïáïáñ³ÏÇ/ѳٳϳñ·Ç í»ñ³Í»É: declarator [di΄klærətə] n ÑÙÏñ·. ѳÛï³-
decipher [di΄saifə] 1. v í»ñͳݻÉ, ϳñ¹³É ñ³ñÙ³Ý ûå»ñ³ïáñ£
(ͳÍϳ·ÇñÁ). ~ smb’s handwriting Ó»é³- declaratory [di΄klærətəri] a μ³ó³ïñ³-
·ÇñÁ í»ñͳݻÉ. 2. n í»ñͳÝáõÙ, ϳñ¹³ÉÁ: ϳÝ, å³ñ½³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý:
decipherable [di΄saifərəbl] a í»ñͳݻÉÇ, declare [di΄kleə] v ѳÛï³ñ³ñ»É, ѳÛï³ñ³-
ÁÝûéÝ»ÉÇ: ñáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É, Ñéã³Ï»É. ~ war å³ï»ñ³½Ù
decision [di΄siзn] n áñáßáõÙ, í×Çé, »½ñ³Ï³- ѳÛï³ñ³ñ»É. ~ one’s love ë»ñ Ëáëïáí³-
óáõÃÛáõÝ. come /arrive at a ~ áñáßÙ³Ý/»½ñ³- Ý»É. ~ oneself Ëáëïáí³Ý»É. ~ innocent/sur-
ϳóáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ý·»É. final ~ í»ñçÝ³Ï³Ý prised ³ÝÙ»Õ Ñ³Ûï³ñ³ñ»É. ß³ï ½³ñÙ³-
áñáßáõÙ. Çñ³í. court ~ ¹³ï³í×Çé. ~ mak- ó³Í ÉÇÝ»É. ÃÕÃË. Ïá½Çñ/ѳÕóÃáõÕà ѳÛ-
ing áñáßáõ٠ϳ۳óÝ»ÉÁ/ÁݹáõÝ»ÉÁ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ ï³ñ³ñ»É:
box ëïáõ·Ù³Ý μÉáÏ. ~ instruction ×ÛáõÕ³íáñ- declared [di΄kleəd] a ѳÛï³ñ³ñí³Í, Ññ³-
Ù³Ý Ññ³Ñ³Ý·: å³ñ³Ïí³Í. ׳ݳãí³Í. be ~ bankrupt
decisive [di΄saisiv] a í×é³Ï³Ý. a ~ character/ ëݳÝÏ Ñ³Ûï³ñ³ñí»É:
victory ѳëï³ï³Ï³Ù ³ÝÓݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ. declassed [‚di:΄kla:st] a ³å³¹³ë³Ï³ñ·³Û-
í×éáñáß Ñ³ÕóݳÏ. a ~ answer í×é³Ï³Ý/ ݳó³Í:
í»ñçÝ³Ï³Ý å³ï³ë˳Ý. ~ evidence ³Ý- declension [di΄klen∫n] n ³ÝÏáõÙ, ß»ÕáõÙ.
ÅËï»ÉÇ ³å³óáõÛó: ËáïáñáõÙ. ù»ñ. ÑáÉáíáõÙ:
deck [dek] n ï³Ëï³Ï³Ù³Í. on ~ ï³Ëï³- declensional [di΄klen∫nəl] a ù»ñ. ÑáÉáí³-
ϳٳÍÇ íñ³. upper/lower ~ í»ñÇÝ/ëïáñÇÝ Ï³Ý:
ï³Ëï³Ï³Ù³Í. tread the ~ ÷Ëμ. ݳí³- declinable [di΄klainəbl] a ù»ñ. ÑáÉáííáÕ:
·Ý³ó ÉÇÝ»É. all hands on ~ Íáí. ݳí³ëïÇ- declination [‚dekli΄nei∫n] n ù»ñ. ûùáõÙ, Ñá-
Ý»ñÇ ÙdzѳÙáõé ³ß˳ï³Ýù ݳíÇ íñ³, ÉáíáõÙ:
³íñ³É. promenade ~ ½μáë³ÝùÇ ï³Ëï³- decline [di΄klain] n ³ÝÏáõÙ, Çç»óáõÙ, í³-
ϳٳÍ. ~ cabin ï³Ëï³Ï³Ù³ÍÇ Ý³í³- ï³óáõÙ. ~ in trade ³é¨ïñÇ ³ÝÏáõÙ. ~ of
Ëáõó. ~ chair å³éϻɳÃáé, ß»½ÉáÝ·: one’s powers áõÅ»ñÇ ÃáõɳóáõÙ. ~ in birthrate
decker [΄dekə] n ï³Ëï³Ï³Ù³Í³Ý³í: ÍÝݹ³μ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ïáÏáëÇ Çç»óáõÙ:
deckhand [΄dekhænd] n ݳí³ëïÇ: decline [di΄klain] v ûùí»É, ÁÝÏÝ»É, ÇçÝ»É.
declivity 217 dedication

Ù»ñÅ»É, ³é³ñÏ»É. ~ an invitation/a proposal ¹»Ïáñ³ïÇí. She is very ~ ܳ ß³ï ïå³íá-


Ññ³í»ñÁ/³é³ç³ñÏÁ Ù»ñÅ»É. ~ the responsi- ñÇã ¿:
bility å³ï³ë˳ݳïíáõÃÛáõÝÇó Ëáõë³- decorator [΄dekəreitə] n Ý»ñϳñ³ñ, å³ë-
÷»É. ~ to answer Ññ³Å³ñí»É å³ï³ë˳ݻ- ï³éÇã. ·»Õ³½³ñ¹Çã. ß»Ýù»ñÇ ·»Õ³½³ñ¹-
Éáõó. The sun is ~ing ²ñ¨Á ûùíáõÙ ¿. The Ù³Ý Ù³ëݳ·»ï. interior ~ Ý»ñùÇÝ Ñ³ñ¹³ñ-
art/business is ~ing ²ñí»ëïÁ/Ò»éݳñÏáõ- Ù³Ý ·»Õ³½³ñ¹Çã:
ÃÛáõÝÁ ³ÝÏáõÙ ¿ ³åñáõÙ. His health ~d ²éáÕ- decorous [΄dekərəs] a í³Û»Éáõã, å³ïß³×:
çáõÃÛáõÝÁ í³ï³ó³í: decorum [di΄kɔ:rəm] n ³ñï³ùÇÝ í³Û»Éãáõ-
declivity [di΄klivəti] n ûùáõÃÛáõÝ, ½³éÇ- ÃÛáõÝ, í³ñí»É³Ï³ñ·:
í³Ûñ, ɳÝç: decoy [΄di:kɔi] n óϳñ¹, ÍáõÕ³Ï. ˳ÛÍ,
declutch [di:΄klΛt∫] v ï»Ë. ³Ýç³ï»É, ÙÇÙ- Ññ³åáõñ³Ýù (ݳ¨` ÷Ëμ.):
Û³ÝóÇó μ³Å³Ý»É: decrease [΄di:kri:s] n Ýí³½áõÙ, å³Ï³ë»-
decode [di:΄kəud] v í»ñͳݻÉ, ͳÍϳ·ñ»ñÁ óáõÙ. ~ in temperature ç»ñÙ³ëïÇ׳ÝÇ Ýí³-
ϳñ¹³É: ½áõÙ. Crime is on the ~ à×ñ³·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»-
decoding [di:΄koudiŋ] n ³å³Ïá¹³íáñáõÙ: ñÇ ÃÇíÁ å³Ï³ëáõÙ ¿:
decolo(u)r [di:΄kΛlə] v ·áõݳ½ñÏ»É, ³Ý·áõ- decrease [΄di:kri:s] v å³Ï³ë»É, å³Ï³-
ݳóÝ»É: ë»óÝ»É. ÷áùñ³Ý³É, ÷áùñ³óÝ»É. Ýí³½»É. ~
deco duck [di΄kɔidΛk] n ˳ÛͳÃéãáõÝ. speed ³ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝÁ å³Ï³ë»óÝ»É. The pop-
÷Ëμ. Ññ³åáõñÇã μ³Ý, Ññ³åáõñ³Ýù: ulation has ~d ´Ý³ÏãáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ýí³½»É ¿:
decolo(u)rant [di:΄kΛlərənt] n ·áõݳ½ñÏáÕ decree [di΄kri:] n Ññ³Ù³Ý³·Çñ, ûñ»Ýù, áñá-
ÝÛáõÃ: ßáõÙ. pass a ~ áñáßáõ٠ϳ۳óÝ»É. Çñ³í. ¹³-
decolo(u)ration [di:‚kΛlə΄rei∫n] n ·áõݳ- ï³ñ³ÝÇ í×Çé:
½ñÏáõÙ: decree [di΄kri:] v ¹»Ïñ»ï/Ññ³Ù³Ý³·Çñ
decompensation [di:‚kɒmpen΄sei∫n] n ³Ý- Ññ³ï³ñ³Ï»É. It has been ~d àñáßí»ó/ì×é»-
ѳٳÏßéáõÃÛáõÝ, ¹»ÏáÙå»Ýë³ódz: óÇÝ. The fate ~d otherwise ֳϳﳷÇñÁ ³ÛÉ
decompose [‚di:kəm΄pəuz] v ï³ññ³ÉáõÍ»É. Ó¨áí/³ÛÉ Ï»ñå ïÝûñÇÝ»ó:
ϳ½Ù³ÉáõÍí»É, ù³Ûù³Ûí»É, ݻ˻É: decrement [΄dekrimənt] n å³Ï³ë»óáõÙ,
decomposition [΄di:kɒmpə‚zi∫n] n ï³ññ³- Ýí³½»óáõÙ. ï»Ë. ÃáõɳóáõÙ, ѳݹ³ñï»-
ÉáõÍáõÙ, ϳ½Ù³ÉáõÍáõÙ, ù³Ûù³ÛáõÙ, Ý»- óáõÙ. ÑÙÏñ·. μ³ó³ë³Ï³Ý ³×, ѳÝíáÕ
ËáõÙ: Ù»ÍáõÃÛáõÝ:
decompound [‚di:kəm΄paund] a μ³Õ³- decrepit [di΄krepit] a Ñݳٳß, ˳ñËáõÉ.
¹ñÛ³É, Ù³ë»ñÇó ϳ½Ùí³Í: ½³é³ÙÛ³É:
decontaminate [‚di:kən΄tæmineit] v í³- decrepitude [di΄krepitju:d] n Ñݳٳßáõ-
ñ³Ï³½»ñÍ»É, ³Ëï³Ñ³Ý»É: ÃÛáõÝ, ˳ñËÉáõÃÛáõÝ, ½³é³ÙáõÃÛáõÝ:
decontamination [‚di:kəntæmi΄nei∫n] n decrescent [di΄kre∫nt] a Ýí³½áÕ:
í³ñ³Ï³½»ñÍáõÙ, ³Ëï³Ñ³ÝáõÙ:
decretive [di΄kri:tiv] a ¹»Ïñ»ï³ÛÇÝ, ¹»Ïñ»-
ïáí ë³ÑÙ³Ýí³Í:
decor [΄deikɔ:] n óïñ. μ»Ù³½³ñ¹³ñ³Ýù,
¹»Ïáñ³ódz:
decretory [di΄kri:təri] a ϳﻷáñÇÏ,
Ïïñ³Ï³Ý:
decorate [΄dekəreit] v ½³ñ¹³ñ»É, ѳñ¹³-
ñ»É. ~ a room ë»ÝÛ³ÏÁ ½³ñ¹³ñ»É. (å³ñ-
decry [di΄krai] v å³ñë³í»É, Ïßï³Ùμ»É (μ³-
ó³Ñ³Ûï Ï»ñåáí):
·¨³ïñ»É) ~ with an order ßù³Ýß³Ýáí å³ñ-
·¨³ïñ»É:
decumbent [di΄kΛmbənt] a å³éϳÍ, ÁÝ-
ϳÍ. μëμ. ·»ïݳï³ñ³Í£
decorated [΄dekəreitid] a ½³ñ¹³ñí³Í, dedicate [΄dedikeit] v ÝíÇñ»É, ÓáÝ»É. ~ one’s
ѳñ¹³ñí³Í. å³ñ·¨³ïñí³Í:
life to art ÏÛ³ÝùÁ ³ñí»ëïÇÝ ÝíÇñ»É. ~d to
decoration [‚dekə΄rei∫n] n ½³ñ¹³ñ³Ýù. ~ s one’s work Çñ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇÝ ÝíÇñí³Í. The
Ý»ñùÇÝ Ñ³ñ¹³ñ³Ýù. ïáÝ³Ï³Ý ½³ñ¹³-
book is ~d to ¶ÇñùÁ ÝíÇñí³Í ¿:
ñ³Ýù. costly ~s óÝϳñÅ»ù ѳñ¹³ñ³Ýù. dedication [‚dedi΄kei∫n] n ÁÝÍ³Û³Ï³Ý áõ-
é½Ù. ßù³Ýß³Ý: Õ»ñÓ, ÓáÝ, ÝíÇñáõÙ: work with ~ ÝíÇñáõÙáí
decorative [΄dekərətiv] a ·»Õ³½³ñ¹³ÛÇÝ, ³ß˳ï»É:
dedicatory 218 default

dedicatory [΄dedikətəri] a ÓáÝÙ³Ý, ÝíÇñ- deep-laid [‚di:p΄leid] a Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ Ùß³Ï-


Ù³Ý, ÁÝͳ۳ϳÝ: í³Í, ·³ÕïÝÇ (åɳÝ):
deduce [di΄dju:s] v »½ñ³Ï³óÝ»É, ѻ層ó- deeply [΄di:pli] adv Ëáñ, Ëáñ³å»ë. ~ of-
Ý»É. ~ from the facts ÷³ëï»ñÇ ÑÇÙ³Ý íñ³ fended Ëáñ³å»ë íÇñ³íáñí³Í:
»½ñ³Ï³óáõÃÛ³Ý ·³É: deep-rooted [‚di:p΄ru:tid] a Ëáñ³å»ë ³ñ-
deducible [di΄dju:səbl] »½ñ³Ñ³Ý·»ÉÇ, ³ñ- Ù³ï³ó³Í:
ï³Í»ÉÇ: deep-sea [‚di:p΄si:] a ËáñçñÛ³, Ëáñ çñ»ñÇ. ~
deduct [di΄dΛkt] v ѳݻÉ. å³ÑáõÙ ³Ý»É: fishing ËáñçñÛ³ ÓÏÝáñëáõÃÛáõÝ:
deduction [di΄dΛk∫n] n å³ÑáõÙ (³ß˳ï³- deep seat [‚di:p΄si:t] a ~ eyes ËáñÝ ÁÝϳÍ
í³ñÓÇó ¨ ³ÛÉÝ). Ýí³½»óáõÙ, Ïñ׳ïáõÙ. (³ãù»ñ):
»½ñ³Ï³óáõÃÛáõÝ, Ñ»ï¨áõÃÛáõÝ. Ù³Ã. ѳ- deep-seated [‚di:p΄si:tid] a Ëáñ Ýëï³Í,
ÝáõÙ. ~s from salary å³ÑáõÙÝ»ñ ³ß˳ï³- ³ñÙ³ï³ó³Í. The causes are ~ ä³ï׳é-
í³ñÓÇó. tax ~s ѳñÏ»ñÇ Ýí³½»óáõÙ: Ý»ñÁ ß³ï ËáñÝ »Ý:
deductive [di΄dΛktiv] a ÷ÇÉ. ³ñï³Í³Ï³Ý, deer [diə] n »Õç»ñáõ, å³Ëñ³, »ÕÝÇÏ. Ñíù.
¹»¹áõÏïÇí: áñëÇ Ëáßáñ ϻݹ³ÝÇÝ»ñ:
deed [di:d] n ·áñÍ, ³ñ³ñù. ÷³ëï. in word deer-forest [΄diə‚fɒrist] n »Õç»ñíÇ ³Ýï³é-
and ~ Ëáëùáí ¨ ·áñÍáí. Çñ³í. ÷³ëï³- ³ñ·»Éáó:
ÃáõÕÃ, í³í»ñ³·Çñ. ~ of purchase ·ÝÙ³Ý deer hound [΄diəhaund] n ßáïɳݹ³Ï³Ý
í³í»ñ³·Çñ/³Ïï. heroic ~s Ñ»ñáë³Ï³Ý áñëÏ³Ý ßáõÝ:
³ñ³ñùÝ»ñ: deerskin [΄diəskin] n »Õç»ñí»ÝÇ (ϳßÇ),
deem [di:m] v »Ýó¹ñ»É, ϳñÍ»É, ѳٳñ»É. ½³Ùß:
~ highly of smb Ù»ÏÇ Ù³ëÇÝ μ³ñÓñ ϳñÍÇù deface [di΄feis] v ³Ûɳݹ³Ï»É. ÷ã³óÝ»É.
áõݻݳÉ: í³ñϳμ»Ï»É. The statue is ~d ²ñÓ³ÝÝ ³Û-
deemster [΄di:mstə] n ¹³ï³íáñ: ɳݹ³Ïí³Í ¿:
deep [di:p] a Ëáñ, ËáñáõÝÏ. a ~ sleep/sigh/in- defacto [dei΄fæktəu] adv ɳï. ÷³ëïáñ»Ý,
terest Ëáñ ùáõÝ/Ñá·áó/Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ ¹»ý³Ïïá:
wound Ëáñ í»ñù. a ~ impression/sorrow Ëáñ defalcate [΄di:fælkeit] v Ûáõñ³óÝ»É, ¹ñ³Ù
å³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ/íÇßï. with ~ regret Ëáñ ÏëÏÇ- ßáñûÉ. ½»Õͳñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É:
Íáí. ~ grass μ³ñÓñ Ëáï. ~ in snow Ëáñ defalcation [‚di:fæl΄kei∫n] n Ûáõñ³óáõÙ,
ÓÛáõÝáí ͳÍÏí³Í. knee ~ ÙÇÝ㨠ÍÝÏÝ»ñÁ. ~ ¹ñ³Ù³ßáñÃáõÃÛáõÝ, ½»Õͳñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
in the country »ñÏñÇ ËáõÉ/Ñ»é³íáñ í³ÛñÁ. ~ defalcator [΄di:fælkeitə] n í³ïÝÇã, ¹ñ³Ù³-
in his heart ëñïÇ ËáñùáõÙ. ~ in thought ßáñÃ, ½»Õͳñ³ñ:
Ùïù»ñÇ Ù»ç Ëáñ³ëáõ½í³Í. (Ùáõ·, óí) ~ defamation [‚defə΄mei∫n] n ½ñå³ñïáõ-
blue Ùáõ· ϳåáõÛï. a ~ sound/voice ÃÛáõÝ, ½ñå³ñï³Ýù. ³Ý³ñ·³Ýù, ³Ýå³ï-
óí/ÏñÍù³ÛÇÝ ÑÝãÛáõÝ/Ó³ÛÝ. a ~ (drawn) íáõÃÛáõÝ. unintentional ~ ãϳÝ˳Ùï³Íí³Í
groan ËáõÉ ïÝùáó. ~ in debt/love ÙÇÝ㨠½ñå³ñïáõÃÛáõÝ:
³Ï³ÝçÝ»ñÁ å³ñïùÇ Ù»ç Ëñí³Í/ëÇñ³- defamatory [di΄fæmətəri] a ½ñå³ñïã³-
ѳñí³Í. ~ in one’s pursuit Çñ ·áñÍÇ Ù»ç ϳÝ. ~ utterances ½ñå³ñïã³Ï³Ý ³ñï³-
Ëáñ³ëáõ½í³Í. 2. adv Ëáñ(Á), Ëáñ³å»ë. ѳÛïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ:
go ~ into Ëáñ³Ý³É, Ëáñ³ëáõ½í»É. ~ into the defame [di΄feim] v ½ñå³ñï»É, ³Ý³ñ·»É,
night ÙÇÝ㨠Ëáñ ·Çß»ñ: ³Ýí³Ý³ñÏ»É:
deepen [΄di:pən] v Ëáñ³Ý³É, Ëáñ³óÝ»É. default [di΄fɔ:lt] 1. n å³Ï³ë, å³Ï³ëáõ-
áõŻճݳÉ, áõŻճóÝ»É. ë³ëïϳݳÉ, ÃÛáõÝ, μ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ. in ~ of ãáõݻݳÉáõ
ë³ëïϳóÝ»É. ~ a hole ÷áëÁ Ëáñ³óÝ»É. å³ï׳éáí. Çñ³í. å³ñï³½³ÝóáõÙ.
÷Ëμ. ~ one’s knowlledge ·Çï»ÉÇùÝ»ñÁ Ëá- å³ñï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ãϳï³ñ»ÉÁ. ~ of
ñ³óÝ»É. His colour ~ed ܳ ϳñÙñ³ï³Ï»ó: appearance ¹³ï³ñ³Ý ãÝ»ñϳ۳ݳÉÁ. judge-
deep-felt [‚di:p΄felt] a Ëáñ³å»ë ½·³óí³Í: ment by ~ Ñ»é³Ï³ ¹³ï³í×Çé. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ op-
deep freeze [‚di:p΄fri:z] v áõÅ»Õ ë³é»óÝ»É: tion ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝ ÉéáõÃÛ³Ùμ. ~ value Ééáõ-
deep freezer [‚di:p΄fri:zə] n ë³éó³ñ³Ý: ÃÛ³Ùμ ïñíáÕ ³ñÅ»ù. 2. v å³ñïù»ñÁ
defaulter 219 deficient

ãí׳ñ»É, å³ñï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ãϳï³- defenceless [di΄fensləs] a ³Ýå³ßïå³Ý:


ñ»É, ¹³ï³ñ³Ý ãÝ»ñϳ۳ݳÉ: defend [di΄fend] v å³ßïå³Ý(í)»É. ~ oneself/
defaulter [di΄fɔ:ltə] n å³ñï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ- against/from smb Ù»ÏÇó å³ßïå³Ýí»É. (³ñ-
Ý»ñÇó ËáõÛë ïíáÕ Ù³ñ¹. ëݳÝÏ/ëݳÝϳ- ¹³ñ³óÝ»É) ~ one’s action Çñ ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝ-
ó³Í Ù³ñ¹. ¹³ï³ñ³Ý ãÝ»ñϳ۳óáÕ: Ý»ñÝ ³ñ¹³ñ³óÝ»É:
defeasance [di΄fi:zns] n áãÝã³óáõÙ, í»ñ³- defendant [di΄fendənt] n Çñ³í. Ù»Õ³¹ñÛ³É,
óáõÙ: ³Ùμ³ëï³ÝÛ³É:
defeasible [di΄fi:zəbl] a áãÝã³óÙ³Ý/í»ñ³ó- defender [di΄fendə] n å³ßïå³Ý, ÏáÕÙݳ-
Ù³Ý »Ýóϳ: ÏÇó:
defeat [di΄fi:t] n å³ñïáõÃÛáõÝ. suffer a ~ defensible [di΄fensəbl] a é½Ù. å³ßïå³Ýáõ-
å³ñïí»É, å³ñïáõÃÛáõÝ Ïñ»É: ÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ѳñÙ³ñ:
defeat [di΄fi:t] v ѳÕûÉ, å³ñïáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ï- defensive [di΄fensiv] a å³ßïå³ÝáճϳÝ.
Ý»É. ÑáõÛë»ñÁ Ëáñï³Ï»É. Ó³ËáÕ»É. ï³- é½Ù. å³ßïå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. å³ßïå³ÝáÕ³-
å³É»É: Ï³Ý ¹Çñù. be on the ~ å³ßïå³Ýí»É. act/
defeatism [di΄fi:tizm] n ùÕù. å³ñïíáÕ³- stand on the ~ å³ßïå³Ýí»É. ~ moves
ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ: å³ßïå³ÝáÕ³Ï³Ý ÑݳñùÝ»ñ:
defeatist [di΄fi:tist] n ùÕù. å³ñïíáճϳÝ: defer I [di΄fə:] v Ñ»ï³Ó·»É, ï³ñÏ»ï»É. ~
defecate [΄defəkeit] v ùÇÙ. Ù³ùñ»É, ½ï»É, payment í׳ñáõÙÁ Ñ»ï³Ó·»É. ~red payment
å³ñ½»óÝ»É. ÏÕÏÕ»É: Ñ»ï³Ó·í³Í í׳ñáõÙ:
defecation [΄difə‚kei∫n] n Ù³ùñáõÙ, ½ïáõÙ. defer II [di΄fə:] v ѳñ·³Ýùáí í»ñ³μ»ñí»É.
ÏÕÏÕáõÙ: ϳñÍÇùÁ ѳßíÇ ³éÝ»É. ½Çç»É. ~ to smb/
defect [΄di:fekt] n å³Ï³ëáõÃÛáõÝ, ûñáõ- smb’s opinion Ù»ÏÇÝ ½Çç»É/ϳñÍÇùÁ ѳßíÇ
ÃÛáõÝ. ³ñ³ï. corporal ~ ýǽÇÏ³Ï³Ý å³- ³éÝ»É:
ϳëáõÃÛáõÝ. a serious ~ Éáõñç ûñáõÃÛáõÝ. deference [΄defrəns] n ѳñ·³Ýù, ѳñ·³ÉÇó
hidden/latent ~ óùÝí³Í ³ñ³ï: í»ñ³μ»ñÙáõÝù. pay/show ~ ѳñ·³Ýù óáõ-
defect [΄di:fekt] v áõñ³Ý³É, ¹³ë³Éù»É. ~ to ó³μ»ñ»É, ѳñ·³Ýùáí í»ñ³μ»ñí»É. in /out
the enemy ÃßݳÙáõ ÏáÕÙÝ ³ÝóÝ»É. He ~ed to of ~ to ѳñ·³Ýùáí, ѳñ·³ÝùÇó ¹ñ¹í³Í.
us ܳ Ù»ñ ÏáÕÙÝ ³Ýó³í: with all due ~ ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝ å³ïß³× Ñ³ñ·³Ý-
defection [di΄fek∫n] n áõñ³óáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ùáí:
áõñ³óáõÙ. áõËï³¹ñÅáõÃÛáõÝ: deferential [‚defə΄ren∫l] a ѳñ·³ÉÇó:
defective [di΄fektiv] a å³Ï³ë³íáñ, ûñÇ, deferment [di΄fə:mənt] n Ñ»ï³Ó·áõÙ, »ñ-
³ñ³ï³íáñ. ³Ýϳï³ñ. íݳëí³Í. ~ eye- ϳñ³Ó·áõÙ, ï³ñÏ»ïáõÙ:
sight/hearing ï»ëáÕáõÃÛ³Ý/ÉëáÕáõÃÛ³Ý ³- defiance [di΄faiəns] n Ùñó³Ññ³í»ñ, Ù³ñ-
ñ³ï. ~ goods Ëáï³Ýí³Í ³åñ³Ýù. ~ work- ï³Ññ³í»ñ. ³ñѳٳñѳÝù. set at ~ ³ñѳ-
manship/ machinery í³ï ³ß˳ï³Ýù, ³Ý- Ù³ñÑ»É. in ~ of ѳϳé³Ï, Áݹ¹»Ù. act in ~
ë³ñù Ù»ù»Ý³Ý»ñ/ٻ˳ÝǽÙ. mentally ~ of doctor’s orders μÅßÏÇ ËáñÑáõñ¹Ý»ñÇÝ Ñ³-
Ùï³íáñ³å»ë ûñ½³ñ·³ó³Í: ϳé³Ï í³ñí»É/·áñÍ»É:
defector [di΄fektə] n ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ ³Ýó³Í/ defiant [di΄faiənt] a ³ñѳٳñѳϳÝ, ѳÝ-
˳Ëï³Í Ù³ñ¹. ÷³Ëëï³Ï³Ý. ³ñï³- ¹áõ·Ý. His manner was ~ ܳ Çñ»Ý ѳݹáõ·Ý
ë³ÑÙ³Ý ÷³Ë³Í: ¿ñ å³ÑáõÙ:
defence [di΄fens] n (³Ù. defense ) å³ßïå³- deficiency [di΄fi∫nsi] n å³Ï³ë, å³Ï³ëáõ-
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ anti aircraft ~ ѳϳû¹³ÛÇÝ å³ßï- ÃÛáõÝ, ë³Ï³íáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ of raw material
å³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. é½Ù. ~s é³½Ù³Ï³Ý å³ßïå³- ÑáõÙùÇ å³Ï³ëáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ of foodstuff
ÝáÕ³Ï³Ý ³ÙñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. Ministry of D ~ ëÝݹ³ÙûñùÇ å³Ï³ë. mental ~ ÃáõɳÙïáõ-
å³ßïå³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. wea- ÃÛáõÝ, Ùï³íáñ ³ÝϳñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ:
pons of ~ å³ßïå³ÝáÕ³Ï³Ý ½»Ýù»ñ. deficient [di΄fi∫nt] a ³Ýμ³í³ñ³ñ, ûñÇ,
Çñ³í. council for the ~ ¹³ï³å³ßïå³Ý, å³Ï³ë. ~ in courage/humour ù³çáõÃÛ³Ý/
÷³ëï³μ³Ý. witness for the ~ å³ßïå³Ýáõ- ÑáõÙáñÇ ½·³óáõÙÇ å³Ï³ë. mentally ~ Ãáõ-
ÃÛ³Ý íϳ: ɳÙÇï, ïϳñ³ÙÇï:
deficit 220 degenerate

deficit [΄defəsit] n å³Ï³ëáñ¹. μ³ó, å³Ï³ë. deflower [‚di:΄flauə] v ͳÕÇÏÝ»ñÁ åáÏ»É,


budget ~ μÛáõç»Ç å³Ï³ëáñ¹. A ~ of 500 dol- åáÏáï»É:
lars. was discovered 500 ¹áɳñ å³Ï³ëáñ¹ defoliate [di:΄fəulieit] 1. v ï»ñ¨³½ñÏ»É, ï»-
ѳÛïݳμ»ñí»ó: ñ¨³½áõñÏ ³Ý»É. 2. a ï»ñ¨³½áõñÏ, ï»ñ¨³-
defilade [‚defi΄leid] n, v óùëïáó, óùóÝ»É. ó÷:
å³ßïå³Ý»É: defoliation [di:‚fəuli΄ei∫n] n ï»ñ¨³Ã³÷:
defile I [di΄fail] v ß³ñ³Ýó»É, ïáÕ³Ýó»É: deforest [‚di:΄fɒrist] v ³Ýï³é³½ñÏ»É, ³Ý-
defile II [di΄fail] v Ï»Õïáï»É, ³å³Ï³Ý»É, ï³é³½áõñÏ ¹³ñÓÝ»É, ³Ýï³éÝ»ñÁ ÏïÁñ-
åÕÍ»É: ï»É. ~ an area ï³ñ³ÍùÇ Í³é»ñÁ Ïïñï»É:
defilement [di΄failmənt] n Ï»ÕïáïáõÙ, deform [di΄fɔ:m] v ³Õ³í³Õ»É, ˻ճ-
³ÕïáïáõÙ, ³å³Ï³ÝáõÙ: ÃÛáõñ»É, ³Ûɳݹ³Ï»É:
definable [di΄fainəbl] a ë³ÑٳݻÉÇ, áñáß»- deformation [‚di:fɔ:΄mei∫n] n ³Ûɳݹ³-
ÉÇ. ë³ÑÙ³ÝÙ³Ý »ÝóñÏíáÕ: ÏáõÙ, ³Õ³í³ÕáõÙ, ˻ճÃÛáõñáõÙ:
define [di΄fain] v ë³ÑٳݻÉ, ë³ÑÙ³ÝáõÙÁ deformed [di΄fɔ:md] a ³Ûɳݹ³Ïí³Í,
ï³É/áñáß»É: ³Õ³í³Õí³Í:
definite [΄defənət] a áñáß³ÏÇ, áñáß, å³ñ½, deformity [di΄fɔ:məti] n ³Ûɳݹ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ.
Ñëï³Ï. ~ instructions Ñëï³Ï óáõóáõÙÝ»ñ. ³Ûɳݹ³Ï/³Ý×áéÝÇ Ù³ñ¹:
The time is not yet ~ ųٳݳÏÁ/ųÙÁ ¹»é¨ë defraud [di΄frɔ:d] v ˳μ»É, Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏ»É. ~
å³ñ½ ã¿. be very ~ about áñáß³ÏÇ Ï³ñÍÇùÇ smb of smth ˳μ»Éáí/Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏ»Éáí ¹áõñë
ÉÇÝ»É... Ù³ëÇÝ. ~ article ù»ñ. ³Ýáñáß Ñá¹: ù³ß»É/Ïáñ½»É. Çñ³í. with intent to ~ ˳μ»-
definitely [΄defənətli] adv áñáß³ÏÇáñ»Ý. It’s Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí:
~ impossible ¸³ áñáß³ÏÇáñ»Ý/μ³ó³ñÓ³- defray [di΄frei] v í׳ñ»É, ѳïáõó»É. ~ ex-
ϳå»ë ³ÝÑݳñÇÝ ¿. We are ~ not going there penses ͳËë»ñÁ ѳïáõó»É:
Ø»Ýù ѳëï³ï ³ÛÝï»Õ ã»Ýù ·ÝáõÙ. Will
defrayal [di΄freiəl] n í׳ñáõÙ, ѳïáõóáõÙ:
you help me ? D~ ¸áõ ÇÝÓ Ïû·Ý»±ë. ²Ýßáõßï:
defrock [‚di:΄frɒk] v »Ï»Õ. ϳñ·³½áõñÏ
³Ý»É, Ñá·¨áñ ÏáãáõÙÇó ½ñÏ»É:
definition [‚defə΄ni∫n] n ë³Ñ³Ù³ÝáõÙ. å³ñ-
½áõÃÛáõÝ, Ñëï³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. task ~ ËݹÇñÝ»ñÁ
defrost [‚di:΄frɒst] v ѳɻóÝ»É (ë³éáõÛóÁ),
»ï μ»ñ»É. ~ a fridge/a chicken ë³éݳñ³ÝÁ/
áñáß»ÉÁ. ÑÙÏñ·. definitional domain áñáßÙ³Ý
ѳíÁ ѳɻóÝ»É. ~ the windscreen ѳɻóÝ»É
ïÇñáõÛÃ:
¹ÇÙ³å³ÏÇÝ:
definitive [di΄finətiv] a í»ñçݳϳÝ, »½ñ³- deft [deft] a ׳ñåÇÏ, ׳ñï³ñ:
÷³ÏÇã. a ~ biography ÉñÇí/³ÙμáÕç³Ï³Ý
defunct [di΄fΛŋkt] 1. a Ù»é³Í, ٳѳó³Í,
Ï»Ýë³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
í³Ë׳Ýí³Í. ÷Ëμ. (Çñ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ) Ñݳ-
deflagrate [΄defləgreit] v ³ñ³· ³Ûñ»É, í³é- ó³Í. The law is ~ ²Ûë ûñ»ÝùÁ ³ñ¹»Ý Ñݳó»É
í»É. ³Ûñí»É:
¿. 2. n the ~ ѳݷáõóÛ³É:
deflagration [‚deflə΄grei∫n] n å³ÛÃáõóÇÏ def/y [di΄fai] v ѳßíÇ ã³éÝ»É, ³ñѳٳñÑ»É,
ÝÛáõûñÇ ³ñ³· ³Ûñí»ÉÁ: ãÑݳ½³Ý¹í»É. ~ public opinion/law ѳë³-
deflate [‚di:΄fleit] v ¹áõñë ù³ß»É (û¹Á, ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ϳñÍÇùÁ/ûñ»ÝùÁ ³ñѳٳñÑ»É/
·³½Á). ~ a tire ³íïá¹áÕÇó û¹Á Ñ³Ý»É ÷Ëμ. ѳßíÇ ã³éÝ»É. ~ the weather »Õ³Ý³ÏÁ ѳß-
~ the economy ¹ñ³Ù³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ ù³Ý³Ïáõ- íÇ ã³éÝ»É (¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝ/μ³ñ¹áõÃÛáõÝ Ý»ñ-
ÃÛáõÝÁ Ïñ׳ï»É. ÷Ëμ. look ~d Ãñçí³Í ѳ- ϳ۳óÝ»É) It ~ies description ²ÝÝϳñ³·ñ»ÉÇ
íÇ ï»ëù áõݻݳÉ: ¿. The problem ~ies solution äñáμÉ»ÙÝ ³Ý-
deflation [‚di:΄flei∫n] n ¹áõñë ù³ßáõÙ (û¹Ç, ÉáõÍ»ÉÇ ¿:
·³½Ç). ÷Ëμ. ·Ý³ÝÏáõÙ, ¹ñ³Ù³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ degas [di΄gæs] v ³å³·³½³óÝ»É:
ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ïñ׳ïáõÙ: degenerate [di΄dзenərət] a (ݳ¨ª degener-
deflect [di΄flekt] v Ëáïáñ(í)»É, ß»Õ(í)»É, ated) í³ïóñ³ó³Í, ³Ûɳë»ñí³Í. ÷Ëμ.
μ»Ï(í)»É. ~ smb from the purpose Ù»ÏÇÝ Ýå³- regard the young as ~ »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹Ý»ñÇÝ
ï³ÏÇó ߻ջÉ: ³í»ÉÇ í³ï ѳٳñ»É:
deflection [di΄flek∫n] n ËáïáñáõÙ, ß»ÕáõÙ. degenerate [di΄dзenərət] n ¹»·»Ý³ñ³ï,
Ù³·ÝÇë³ëɳùÇ ËáïáñáõÙ: ³Ûɳë»ñí³Í ³ÝÓ:
degenerate 221 delicacy

degenerate [di΄dзenəreit] v ³Ûɳë»ñ(í)»É, delator [di΄leitə] n Ù³ïÝÇã:


í³ïóñ³Ý³É: delay [di΄lei] n Ñ»ï³Ó·áõÙ, ѳå³ÕáõÙ,
degeneration [di‚dзenə΄rei∫n] n ³Ûɳë»- ¹³Ý¹³ÕáõÙ, áõß³óáõÙ. the cause of ~ ¹³Ý-
ñáõÙ, ¹»·»Ý»ñ³ódz. μÅßÏ. ³å³ë»ñáõÙ: ¹³Õ»óÙ³Ý/Ó·Ó·Ù³Ý å³ï׳éÁ. without ~
degradation [‚degrə΄dei∫n] n ³ÝÏáõÙ, Çç»- ³Ýѳå³Õ, ³ÝÙÇç³å»ë. after an hour of ~
óáõÙ. ¹»·ñ³¹³ódz. å³ßïáݳ½ñÏáõÙ. He Ù»Ï Å³Ù áõß³óáõÙÇó Ñ»ïá. unreasonable ~
never recovered from ~ ì»ñ³åñ³ÍÇó Ñ»ïá ãÑÇÙݳíáñí³Í áõß³óáõÙ/Ñ»ï³Ó·áõÙ:
³Ûɨë áïùÇ ãϳݷݻó: delay [di΄lei] v Ñ»ï å³Ñ»É. ¹³Ý¹³Õ»óÝ»É.
degrade [di΄greid] v ³ëïÇ׳ݳ½ñÏ»É, ϳë»óÝ»É. Ñ»ï³Ó·í»É. The departure was
Çç»óÝ»É. ³Ûɳë»ñí»É. í³ïóñ³Ý³É. ~ smb ~ed Ø»ÏÝáõÙÁ Ñ»ï³Ó·í»ó. The train ~ed two
in rank ³ëïÇ׳ݳ½ñÏ»É. ~ oneself ëïáñ³- hours ¶Ý³óùÁ »ñÏáõ ų٠áõß³ó³í. Don’t ~
ݳÉ. Don’t ~ yourself ØÇ ëïáñ³óÇñ/ëïá- ØÇ° ѳå³ÕÇñ:
ñ³óñáõ ù»½: delegacy [΄deligəsi] n å³ï·³Ù³íáñáõ-
degree [di΄gri:] n ³ëïÇ׳Ý. ~ of skill/free- ÃÛáõÝ, å³ïíÇñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
dom/responsibility í³ñå»ïáõÃÛ³Ý/³½³ïáõ- delegate [΄deligət] n å³ï·³Ù³íáñ, å³ï-
ÃÛ³Ý/å³ï³ë˳ݳïíáõÃÛ³Ý ³ëïÇ׳Ý. íÇñ³Ï. observer ~ ¹Çïáñ¹ å³ï·³Ù³íáñ:
by ~s ³ïÇ׳ݳμ³ñ. to a certain ~ áñáß delegate [΄deligeit] v å³ï·³Ù³íáñ/å³ï-
³ëïÇ׳Ýáí/ã³÷áí. to a greater/lesser ~ íÇñ³Ï áõÕ³ñÏ»É. å³ïíÇñ³Ï»É. Édz½áñ»É:
³í»Éáí/å³Ï³ë ã³÷áí. not in the least/slight- delegation [‚deli΄gei∫n] n å³ï·³Ù³íáñáõ-
est ~ μáÉáñáíÇÝ, ³Ù»Ý¨ÇÝ, μݳí. to the last ÃÛáõÝ, å³ïíÇñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. foreign/trade ~
~ ÙÇÝ㨠í»ñçÇÝ ³ëïÇ׳Ý. Ù³Ã., ³ëïÕ. ûï³ñ»ñÏñÛ³/³é¨ïñ³Ï³Ý å³ïíÇñ³Ïáõ-
³ëïÇ׳Ý. 10 ~s eg. below/above zero 10 ÃÛáõÝ. head/ member of the ~ å³ïíÇñ³-
³ëï. óáõñï/ï³ùáõÃÛáõÝ. ~s of the latitu- ÏáõÃÛ³Ý Õ»Ï³í³ñ/³Ý¹³Ù:
de/longitude ɳÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý/»ñϳÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý ³ë- delete [di΄li:t] v çÝç»É, Ñ³Ý»É (μ³éÁ, ïáÕÁ ¨
ïÇ׳Ý. (·Çï³Ï³Ý ³ëïÇ׳Ý/ÏáãáõÙ) bach- ³ÛÉÝ). ÷Ëμ. çÝç»É, áãÝã³óÝ»É:
elor’s ~ μ³Ï³É³íñÇ ³ëïÇ׳Ý. take ~ at the deletion [di΄li:∫n] n çÝçáõÙ, áãÝã³óáõÙ:
university ѳٳÉë³ñ³Ý ³í³ñï»É. honorary deliberate [di΄libərət] a ¹Çï³íáñÛ³É, ÙÇ-
~ å³ïí³íáñ ÏáãáõÙ. take one’s ~ Ïá- ïáõÙݳíáñ. ϳÝ˳Ùï³Íí³Í. ~ lie ·Ç-
ãáõÙ/³ëïÇ×³Ý ëï³Ý³É. ~s of comparison ï³Ïóí³Í ëáõï. (½·áõÛß, ¹³Ý¹³Õ) ~ stps
ù»ñ. ѳٻٳïáõÃÛ³Ý ³ëïÇ׳ÝÝ»ñ: ¹³Ý¹³Õ/³Ýßï³å/³Ý÷áõÃÏáï ù³ÛÉ»ñ. ~
degressive [di΄gresiv] a ÇçÝáÕ, í³ÛñÁÝóó, in speech ¹³Ý¹³Õ³Ëáë:
Ýí³½áÕ: deliberate [di΄libəreit] v ËáñÑ»É, Ïßé³¹³-
dehydration [‚di:hai΄drei∫n] n ùÇÙ. çñ³- ï»É. ùÝݳñÏ»É, ËáñÑñ¹³Ïó»É. ~ a question
½ñÏáõÙ, çñ³½áõñÏ ¹³ñÓÝ»ÉÁ: ѳñó ùÝݳñÏ»É. ~ future steps ³å³·³
deification [‚deiifi΄kei∫n] n ³ëïí³Í³óáõÙ: ù³ÛÉ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ ËáñÑ»É. ~ for a long time
deify [΄deiifai] v ³ëïí³Í³óÝ»É, å³ßï»É, ï³ï³Ýí»É »ñϳñ ųٳݳÏ:
»ñÏñå³·»É: deliberately [di΄libərətli] adv ¹Çï³íáñÛ³É,
deign [dein] v μ³ñ»Ñ³×»É, ³ñųݳóÝ»É. Ùï³Íí³Í Ï»ñåáí, ¹ÇïÙ³Ùμ. ½·áõßáñ»Ý,
She ~ed to reply Ñ»·Ý. ܳ μ³ñ»Ñ³×»ó å³- ½·áõßáõÃÛ³Ùμ:
ï³ë˳ݻÉ: deliberation [di‚libə΄rei∫n] n ËáñÑáõÙ, Ùïá-
deity [΄deiəti] n ³ëïí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, å³ßï³- ñáõÙ. ùÝݳñÏáõÙ. after long/due ~ »ñϳñ/
ÙáõÝùÇ ³é³ñϳ: áñáß ã³÷áí Ùï³Í»Éáõó Ñ»ïá. the outcome
deject [di΄dзekt] v ÁÝÏ×»É, ×Ýß»É, íѳï»óÝ»É: of ~s ùÝݳñÏÙ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝù. (½·áõßáõÃÛáõÝ,
dejected [di΄dзektid] a ÁÝÏ×í³Í, ×Ýßí³Í: ßñç³Ñ³Û³óáõÃÛáõÝ) with great ~ Ù»Í ½·áõ-
dejection [di΄dзek∫n] n ÁÝÏ×í³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, ßáõÃÛ³Ùμ, ßñç³Ñ³Û³óáñ»Ý:
íѳïáõÃÛáõÝ. »ñÏñμ. ɳí³, Ññ³Ñ»ÕáõÏ deliberative [di΄libərətiv] a ËáñÑñ¹³Ïó³-
½³Ý·í³Í: ϳÝ. a ~ assembly ËáñÑñ¹³Ïó³Ï³Ý Ù³ñ-
delate [di΄leit] v Ù³ïÝ»É: ÙÇÝ:
delation [di΄lei∫n] n Ù³ïÝáõÃÛáõÝ: delicacy [΄delikəsi] n ÝñμáõÃÛáõÝ, ùÝùßáõ-
delicate 222 deluge

ÃÛáõÝ. ~ of material/features/skin ÝÛáõÃÇ ÷³÷- áñáß»É, ë³Ñٳݳ½³ï»É£


ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ¹ÇÙ³·Í»ñÇ ÝñμáõÃÛáõÝ. Ù³ßÏÇ delimitation n [di‚limi΄tei∫n] n ë³ÑÙ³-
ùÝùßáõÃÛáõÝ. Ýñμ³ÝϳïáõÃÛáõÝ show ~ ݳ·ÍáõÙ, ë³Ñٳݳ½³ïáõÙ£
Ýñμ³ÝϳïáõÃÛáõÝ óáõó³μ»ñ»É, Ýñμ³- delineate [di΄linieit] v áõñí³·Í»É, ßñç³·Í»É.
Ýϳï ÉÇÝ»É. a situation af ~ Ýñμ³Ýϳï/÷³- Ýϳñ³·ñ»É, å³ïÏ»ñ»É:
÷áõÏ Çñ³íÇ׳Ï. Ýáõñμ ËáñïÇÏ a ~ Ýáõñμ delineation [di‚lini΄ei∫n] n áõñí³·ÍáõÙ,
ËáñïÇÏ, ѳٳ¹³Ù, ¹»ÉÇϳï»ë. Caviar is ßñç³·ÍáõÙ. Ýϳñ³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ, å³ïÏ»ñáõÙ:
a great ~ ʳídzñÁ ß³ï Ýáõñμ ËáñïÇÏ ¿: delinquency [di΄liŋkwənsi] n ½³Ýó³Ýù,
delicate [΄delikət] a Ýáõñμ, Ýñμ³·»Õ, ùÝùáõß. ½³Ýó³éáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳÝó³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. juve-
~ lace/work Ýáõñμ ųå³í»Ý/³ß˳ï³Ýù. a nile/young ~ ³Ýã³÷³Ñ³ë ѳÝó³·áñÍáõ-
~ aroma/operation Ýáõñμ/Ýñμ³·»Õ μáõñÙáõÝù. ÃÛáõÝ:
Ýñμ³Ï³ï³ñ íÇñ³Ñ³ïáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ delinquent [di΄liŋkwənt] 1. n Çñ³í³½³Ýó,
plant/skin/shade of blue Ýñμ³½·³ó μáõÛë. ѳÝó³·áñÍ. juvenile ~ ³Ýã³÷³Ñ³ë ѳÝ-
Ýáõñμ Ù³ßÏ. ϳåáõÛïÇ ÝñμÇÝ »ñ³Ý·. a ~ ó³·áñÍ. 2. a Ù»Õ³íáñ, ѳÝó³íáñ:
child ÃáõÛÉ/ÑÇí³Ý¹áï »ñ»Ë³. ~ porcelain delirious [di΄liriəs] a ½³é³ÝóáÕ, ½³é³Ý-
÷ËñáõÝ ×»Ý³å³ÏÇ. ~ instruments/ lungs/ ó³ÝùÇ Ù»ç. be ~ ½³é³Ýó³ÝùÝ»ñÇ Ù»ç ÉÇ-
health ·»ñ½·³ÛáõÝ, Ýáõñμ ë³ñù»ñ. ÃáõÛÉ Ý»É, ½³é³Ýó»É. grow ~ ½³é³Ýó³ÝùÝ»ñÇ
Ãáù»ñ/³éáÕçáõÃÛáõÝ. ÷Ëμ. a ~ question/hint Ù»ç ÁÝÏÝ»É. ÷Ëμ. be ~ with joy áõñ³Ëáõ-
ÝñμÇÙ³ëï ѳñó/³ÏݳñÏ. a ~ touch Ýáõñμ ÃÛáõÝÇó Çñ»Ý ÏáñóÝ»É:
ÑåáõÙ. ~ flower/complexion/skin Ýáõñμ ͳ- delirium [di΄liriəm] n ½³é³Ýó³Ýù, ÙáÉ»·-
ÕÇÏ/¹»ÙùÇ ·áõÛÝ/Ù³ßÏ: ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ tremens ³ñμ»ó³ï»Ý¹:
delicious [di΄li∫əs] a ÑdzݳÉÇ, ëù³Ýã»ÉÇ, deliver [di΄livə] v ѳÝÓÝ»É, ï³É. ³é³ù»É. ~
Ññ³ß³ÉÇ. ѳٻÕ, ÁÝïÇñ. The dinner is sim- a letter/parcel/goods ݳٳÏ/÷³Ã»Ã ѳÝÓ-
ply ~ ä³ñ½³å»ë ÑdzݳÉÇ/ëù³Ýã»ÉÇ ×³ß- Ý»É/ï³É. ³åñ³Ýù ³é³ù»É. ~ a message
Ï»ñáõÛà ¿: ѳÝÓݳñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÷á˳Ýó»É. ~ a
delight [di΄lait] n ÑdzóÙáõÝù, ½Ù³ÛɳÝù. speech/a lecture ×³é ³ñï³ë³Ý»É, ¹³ë³Ëá-
μ»ñÏñ³Ýù, ѳ×áõÛù. to my ~ Ç Ñ»×áõÏë. a ëáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³ñ¹³É. ~ a blow/an attack ѳñí³Í
great ~ Ù»Í μ»ñÏñ³Ýù/ѳ×áõÛù. a sheer ~ ѳëóÝ»É. ѳñÓ³Ïí»É. μÅßÏ. ~ a child ÍÝáõݹ
å³ñ½³å»ë ѳ×áõÛù. take a ~ in ѳ×áõÛù ÁݹáõÝ»É. be ~ed of ³½³ïí»É, »ñ»Ë³ μ»-
ëï³Ý³É. the ~s of country life ·ÛáõÕ³Ï³Ý ñ»É. ~ an opinion ϳñÍÇùÝ ³ñï³Ñ³Ûï»É:
ÏÛ³ÝùÇ Ñ³×áõÛùÝ»ñÁ: deliverance [di΄livrəns] n ³½³ïáõÙ,
delight [di΄lait] v ÑdzóÝ»É, ÑdzݳÉ, ½Ù³Û- ÷ñÏáõÙ. ³½³ïáõÃÛáõÝ, ÷ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
É»óÝ»É. Ù»Í áõñ³ËáõÃÛáõÝ/ѳ×áõÛù å³ï- delivery [di΄livəri] n ѳÝÓÝáõÙ, ÷ñÏáõÙ,
׳é»É. His singing ~ed everyone Üñ³ »ñ·Á ÷ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ³½³ïáõÙ. ³é³ùáõÙ. special ~
μáÉáñÇÝ ½Ù³ÛÉ»óñ»ó, ´áÉáñÁ ½Ù³ÛÉí»óÇÝ ßï³å ³é³ùáõÙ. on ~ ëï³Ý³ÉáõÝ å»ë,
Ýñ³ »ñ·áí. ~ed to meet you àõñ³Ë »Ù Ó»½ ï»Õ ѳëóÝ»Éáõó Ñ»ïá. cash (on) ~ í»ñ³¹Çñ
ï»ëÝ»É. We shall be ~ed to come Ø»Ýù í׳ñáí. ïÝï. bulk ~ ½³Ý·í³Í³ÛÇÝ Ù³-
ѳ×áõÛùáí Ï·³Ýù. ~ in ѳ×áõÛù ëï³Ý³É. ~ ï³Ï³ñ³ñáõÙ. ~ note/van ³åñ³Ýù³·Çñ.
in music Ù»Í Ñ³×áõÛù/μ³í³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ³åñ³Ýù³ï³ñ Ù»ù»Ý³. ³ñï³ë³ÝáõÙ
ëï³Ý³É »ñ³ÅßïáõÃÛáõÝÇó. be ~ed at the (׳éÇ). μÅßÏ. ÍÝݹ³μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
news ÝáñáõÃÛáõÝÇó áõñ³Ë³Ý³É: delivery-boy [di΄livəribɔi] n óñÇã:
delightful [di΄laitfl] a ÑdzݳÉÇ, ëù³Ýã»ÉÇ. dell [del] n ³Ýï³é³å³ï ÑáíÇï:
ÑÙ³ÛÇã, ½Ù³ÛÉ»ÉÇ. ~ film/day/journey/weather/ delta [΄deltə] n ·»ï³μ»ñ³Ý, ¹»Éï³:
performance ÑdzݳÉÇ ÏÇÝáÝϳñ/ûñ. Ññ³- delude [di΄lu:d] v ˳μ»É, ÙáÉáñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç
ß³ÉÇ »Õ³Ý³Ï. Ñá۳ϳå Ý»ñϳ۳óáõÙ. a ~ ·ó»É. ~d state of mind óÝáñ³ÙÇï íÇ׳Ï:
evening ëù³Ýã»ÉÇ »ñ»Ïá: deluge [΄delju:dз] n çñѻջÕ, ѻջÕ, ѻջ-
delimit [di:΄limit] v ë³Ñٳݳ·Í»É, ë³ÑÙ³- ÕáõÙ. ï³ñ³÷, ï»Õ³ï³ñ³÷. a ~ of let-
ݳ½³ï»É: ters/words/questions ݳٳÏÝ»ñÇ μ³é»ñÇ
delimitate [di΄limiteit] v ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ ï»Õ³ï³ñ³÷. ѳñó»ñÇ ï³ñ³÷:
deluge 223 demountable

deluge [΄delju:dз] v ѻջջÉ, áÕáÕ»É (ݳ¨ª demobilization [di‚məubəlai΄zei∫n] n ½á-


÷Ëμ.). ~ with requests Ëݹñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ ï³ñ³÷ ñ³óñáõÙ:
ï»Õ³É. ~ with presents Ýí»ñÝ»ñáí ѻջջÉ: demobilize [di΄məubəlaiz] v ½áñ³óñ»É:
delusion [di΄lu:зn] n å³ïñ³Ýù, ÙáÉáñáõ- democracy [di΄mɒkrəsi] n ÅáÕáíñ¹³í³-
ÃÛáõÝ. be/labour under ~ ÙáÉáñí»É, ë˳Éí»É. ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
suffer from ~ Ñá·»μ. ½·³Û³Ë³μáõÃÛ³Ùμ/ democrat [΄deməkræt] n ÅáÕáíñ¹³í³ñ:
ѳÉÛáõóÇݳódzÛáí ï³é³å»É. μÅßÏ. Ùï³- democratic [‚demə΄krætik] a ÅáÕáíñ¹³í³-
·³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ÙáÉáõóù. ~ of grandeur Ù»Íáõ- ñ³Ï³Ý:
ÃÛ³Ý ÙáÉáõóù: demographic [‚demə΄græfik] a ÅáÕáíñ¹³-
delusive [di΄lu:siv] a ˳μáõëÇÏ, »ñ¨³Ï³Û³- ·ñ³Ï³Ý. ~ data ÅáÕáíñ¹³·ñ³Ï³Ý ïíÛ³É-
ϳÝ, ³ÝÇñ³Ï³Ý: Ý»ñ:
deluxe [de΄lΛks] a ßù»Õ, Ñá۳ϳå. a ~ hotel demolish [di΄mɒli∫] v ù³Ý¹»É, ³í»ñ»É.
ßù»Õ/Ñá۳ϳå ÑÛáõñ³Ýáó: ç³Ëç³Ë»É, Ñ»ñù»É. ~ smb’s arguments ÷³ë-
delve [delv] n Ëáñß, Ëáéáã. ÷áë ÁÝÏ³Í ï»Õ: ï³ñÏÝ»ñÁ ç³Ëç³Ë»É. ËëÏó. áõï»É,
demand [di΄ma:nd] n å³Ñ³Ýç. reasonable/ áãÝã³óÝ»É. ~ a plate of potatoes ÙÇ ³ÙμáÕç
just/natural/modern ~s ˻ɳÙÇï/³ñ¹³ñ³- ³÷ë» Ï³ñïáýÇÉ áõï»É/áãÝã³óÝ»É:
óÇ/μݳϳÝ/ųٳݳϳÏÇó å³Ñ³ÝçÝ»ñ. demolition [‚demə΄li∫n] n ù³Ý¹áõÙ. ÷Ëμ.
meet/satisfy/turn down the ~s Áݹ³é³ç»É/ áãÝã³óáõÙ, ÏáñͳÝáõÙ, Ëáñï³ÏáõÙ. The
μ³í³ñ³ñ»É å³Ñ³ÝçÝ»ñÁ. Ù»ñÅ»É å³- street is due to ~ öáÕáóÇ ß»Ýù»ñÁ ù³Ý¹Ù³Ý
ѳÝçÝ»ñÁ. payable on ~ í׳ñ»ÉÇ å³Ñ³ÝçÇ »Ýóϳ »Ý:
¹»åùáõÙ. have many ~s on one’s time ß³ï demon [΄di:mən] n ¹¨, ë³ï³Ý³, ã³ñ á·Ç.
å³ñï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ áõݻݳÉ, Ûáõñ³- This child is a little ~ ²Ûë »ñ»Ë³Ý ÷áùñÇÏ
ù³ÝãÛáõñ ñáå»Ý óÝÏ ÉÇÝ»É. (å³Ñ³Ýç³ñÏ) ë³ï³ÝÇÏ ¿:
supply and ~ ³é³ç³ñÏ ¨ å³Ñ³Ýç³ñÏ. ~ for demonic [di΄mɒnik] a ¹Çí³ÛÇÝ, ë³ï³Ý³-
consumer goods ɳÛÝ ëå³éÙ³Ý ³åñ³ÝùÝ»- ۳ϳÝ. ï³Õ³Ý¹³íáñ:
ñÇ å³Ñ³Ýç³ñÏ. be in great ~ áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ/ demonstrable [di΄mɒnstrəbl] a ³ÏÝ»ñ¨,
Ù»ÏÇ Ù»Í Ï³ñÇù/å³Ñ³Ýç ½·³É: ³ÏÝѳÛï, ³Ïݳéáõ:
demand [di΄ma:nd] v å³Ñ³Ýç»É, ϳñÇù demonstrate [΄demənstreit] v óáõó³¹ñ»É,
áõݻݳÉ. ~ answer/freedom/one’s rights å³- óáõÛó ï³É. ~ a new method Ýáñ Ù»Ãá¹ óáõ-
ï³ë ˳Ý/³½³ïáõÃÛáõÝ/Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÁ ó³¹ñ»É. Ù³Ã. ~ a theorem ûáñ»Ù ³å³óáõ-
å³Ñ³Ýç»É. ~ an explanation μ³ó³ïñáõÃÛáõÝ ó»É. (óáõÛó ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñå»É) ~ against áñ¨¿
å³Ñ³Ýç»É. ~ to know å³Ñ³Ýç»É ÇٳݳÉ: μ³ÝÇ ¹»Ù óáõÛó ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñå»É:
demarcate [΄di:ma:keit] v ë³Ñٳݳ·Í»É, demonstration [‚demən΄strei∫n] n óáõó³¹-
ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ áñáß»É: ñáõÙ, óáõó³μ»ñáõÙ. Ù³Ã. ³å³óáõÛó, ³å³-
demarche [΄deima:∫] n ¹»Ù³ñß (¹Çí³Ý³·Ç- óáõóáõÙ. ùÕù. óáõÛó street ~ ÷áÕáó³ÛÇÝ
ï³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝ): óáõÛó. ~ of new fashions Ýáñ³Ó¨áõÃÛ³Ý óáõ-
demean [di΄mi:n] v ëïáñ³óÝ»É. ~ oneself ó³¹ñáõÙ. ~ of feelings ½·³óÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ óáõ-
ëïáñ³Ý³É, ³ñųݳå³ïíáõÃÛáõÝÁ ·ó»É: ó³¹ñáõÙ:
demeanour [di΄mi:nə] n í³ñù, å³Ñ»É³Ó¨, demonstrative [di΄mɒnstrətiv] 1. a ³Ïݳ-
å³Ñí³Íù: éáõ, óáõó³¹ñ³Ï³Ý. ù»ñ. óáõó³Ï³Ý. 2. n
demented [di΄mentid] a ˻ɳ·³ñ. drive smn óáõó³Ï³Ý ¹»ñ³ÝáõÝ:
~ Ù»ÏÇÝ Ë»É³·³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ëïÇ׳ÝÇ demonstrator [΄demənstreitə] n óáõó³ñ³ñ.
ѳëóÝ»É: óáõó³¹ñÇã:
demilitarize [di:΄militəraiz] v ³å³é³½Ù³- demoralize [di΄mɒrəlaiz] v μ³ñáÛ³Éù»É,
ϳݳóÝ»É: ϳ½Ù³ÉáõÍ»É:
demise [di΄maiz] v í³ñӳϳÉáõÃÛ³Ý ï³É. demote [‚di:΄məut] v ËëÏó. å³ßïáÝÁ Çç»ó-
ųé³Ý·³μ³ñ ѳÝÓÝ»É: Ý»É:
demission [di΄mi∫n] n Ññ³Å³ñáõÙ, Ññ³Å³- demountable [di΄mauntəbl] a ù³Ý¹áíÇ,
ñ³Ï³Ý ï³ÉÁ: ù³Ý¹»ÉÇ:
demur 224 deny

demur [di΄mə]1. v ï³ñ³Ïáõë»É, »ñÏÙï»É, dense [dens] a ËÇï, ÑáÍ, óÝÓñ. a ~ forest/
³é³ñÏ»É. 2. n ï³ï³ÝáõÙ, í³ñ³ÝáõÙ. fog/crowd ËÇï ³Ýï³é. óÝÓñ Ù³é³ËáõÕ.
³é³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ. without ~ ³é³Ýó ³é³ñÏáõ- ÑáÍ/Ù»Í ³ÙμáË. ËëÏó. μóÙÇï utterly ~
ÃÛ³Ý/í³ñ³ÝÙ³Ý: ÉñÇí/ϳï³ñÛ³É ÑÇÙ³ñ/³åáõß:
demure [di΄mjuə] a ѳٻëï, ³ÙáÃ˳Í. densely [΄densli] adv ËÇï/ÑáÍ Ï»ñåáí. a ~
ßÇÝÍáõ ѳٻëï. a ~ smile ѳٻëï ÅåÇï: wooded/populated district ³Ýï³é³ß³ï/ËÇï
demurrer [di΄mΛrə] n ³é³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ, μ³- μݳϻóí³Í ï³ñ³Íù:
ó³ñÏ, Ù»ñÅáõÙ: density [΄densəti] n ËïáõÃÛáõÝ, óÝÓñáõ-
den [den] n ³Ûñ, ù³ñ³Ûñ, áñç. a lion’s/bear’s / ÃÛáõÝ. ýǽ. ï»ë³Ï³ñ³ñ ÏßÇé. ÑÇÙ³ñáõ-
fox’s ³éÛáõÍÇ/³ñçÇ/³Õí»ëÇ μáõÛÝ/áñç. ÃÛáõÝ, μóÙïáõÃÛáõÝ:
thieves’ ~ ·áÕ»ñÇ áñç. ËëÏó., ÏïÏ. This is my dent [dent] 1. n ÷áë ÁÝÏ³Í ï»Õ. Ëáéáã. 2. v
~ ê³ ÇÙ áñçÝ ¿: ÷áë³óÝ»É, (ë»ÕÙ»Éáí) ÷áë ·ó»É. This metal
denationalize [di:΄næ∫nəlaiz] v ³å³½·³Û- ~s easily ²Ûë Ù»ï³ÕÁ Ñ»ßïáõÃÛ³Ùμ ÍéíáõÙ
ݳóÝ»É: ¿:
denaturalize [di:΄næt∫rəlaiz] v Ñå³ï³Ïáõ- dental [΄dentl] 1. a ³ï³ÙݳÛÇÝ, ³ï³Ùݳ-
ÃÛáõÝÇó/Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇó ½ñÏ»É: μáõųϳÝ. 2. n ÑÝã. ³ï³ÙݳÛÇÝ ÑÝãÛáõÝ:
denature [di:΄neit∫ə] v μݳÍÇÝ Ñ³ïÏáõ- denticle [΄dentikl] n ³ï³ÙÇÏ (·áñÍÇùÇ ¨
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ÷áË»É: ³ÛÉÝ):
dene I [di:n] n ÑáíÇï: dentifrice [΄dentifris] n ³ï³Ùݳ÷áßÇ,
dene II [di:n] n ³í³½³ÃÙμ»ñ, ¹ÛáõÝ»ñ: ³ï³Ùݳùëáõù:
denial [di΄naiəl] n Ù»ñÅáõÙ. ÅËïáõÙ, Ñ»ñ- dentist [΄dentist] n ³ï³ÙݳμáõÛÅ:
ùáõÙ, μ³ó³ëáõÙ. a ~ of help û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ñ- dentistry [΄dentistri] n ³ï³ÙݳμáõÅáõ-
ÅáõÙ. take no ~ Ù»ñÅáõÙ ãÁݹáõÝ»É. a ~ of ÃÛáõÝ:
guilt Ù»ÕùÇ ÅËïáõÙ. a strong/flat ~ ÏïñáõÏ dentition [den΄ti∫n] n ³ï³ÙÝ»ñÇ ¹áõñë
Ñ»ñùáõÙ: ·³ÉÁ, ³ï³Ù ѳݻÉÁ, ³ï³ÙÝ»ñÇ ¹³ë³íá-
denims [΄denimz] n ËëÏó. çÇÝë: ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ£
denominate [di΄nɒmineit] v ³Ýí³Ý»É, ³- denture (s) [΄dent∫ə] n ³ï³Ùݳ߳ñ. ³ï³Ù-
ÝáõÝ ï³É: Ý»ñÇ åñáû½:
denomination [di‚nɒmi΄nei∫n] n ³Ýí³- denudation [‚di:nju:΄dei∫n] n Ù»ñϳóáõÙ.
ÝáõÙ, ³ÝáõÝ. ã³÷Ç/ÏßéÇ/¹ñ³ÙÇ Ùdzíáñ. »ñÏñμ. ѳñÃáõÙ, ¹»Ýáõ¹³ódz:
¹³í³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Õ³Ý¹. religious ~ ³Õ³Ý¹: denude [di΄nju:d] v Ù»ñϳóÝ»É. áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇó
denominative [di΄nɒminətiv] a ³Ýí³Ý³- ½ñÏ»É. ÷Ëμ., ËëÏó. ÏáÕáåï»É, óɳݻÉ:
ϳÝ. ù»ñ. ³Ýí³Ý³Ï³Ý ËáëùÇ Ù³ëÇó ³- denuded [di΄nju:did] a Ù»ñÏ. ½áõñÏ,
ͳÝóí³Í: ½ñÏí³Í. trees ~ of leaves ï»ñ¨³½áõñÏ Í³-
denominator [di΄nɒmineitə] n Ù³Ã. ѳÛ- é»ñ. rocks ~ of soil Ù»ñÏ É»éÝ»ñ. ÷Ëμ. be ~ of
ï³ñ³ñ, μ³Å³Ý³ñ³ñ. common ~ Áݹѳ- every penny ÙÇÝ㨠í»ñçÇÝ ÉáõÙ³Ý Ã³É³Ýí»É:
Ýáõñ ѳÛï³ñ³ñ: denunciation [di‚nΛnsi΄ei∫n] n ¹³ï³å³ñ-
denotation [‚di:nəu΄tei∫n] n ÝÇß, Ýß³Ý. ïáõÙ, Ù»Õ³¹ñáõÙ, å³ñë³íáõÙ. ¹íÝ·. ã»Õ-
ÝßáõÙ, Ý߳ݳÏáõÙ. μ³éÇÙ³ëïÇ ï³ññ: Û³É Ñ³Ûï³ñ³ñ»ÉÁ:
denotative [di΄nəutətiv] a Ý߳ݳÏáÕ, óáõ- denunciator [di΄nΛnsieitə] n Ù»Õ³¹ñáÕ,
óáÕ£ ³Ùμ³ëï³ÝáÕ:
denote [di΄nəut] v Ý߳ݳϻÉ, ³ñï³Ñ³Ûï»É. deny [di΄nai] v ÅËï»É, Ñ»ñù»É. Ù»ñÅ»É, ãѳ-
óáõÛó ï³É, Ù³ïݳÝß»É: Ù³Ó³ÛÝí»É. ~ the truth ×ßÙ³ñïáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ñ»ñ-
denounce [di΄nauns] v Ù»Õ³¹ñ»É, å³ñë³- ù»É. ~ the existence of ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÅËï»É.
í»É, Ù»ñϳóÝ»É. ¹íÝ·. (å³Ûٳݳ·ÇñÁ) ãÁݹáõÝ»É ~ charge/demand/claim ãÁݹáõÝ»É
ã»ÕÛ³É Ñ³Ûï³ñ³ñ»É. Ù³ïÝ»É ~ smb Ù³ï- Ù»Õ³¹ñ³ÝùÁ/å³Ñ³ÝçÁ/ѳí³ÏÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ.
Ý»É. ~ a treaty å³Ûٳݳ·ÇñÁ ã»ÕÛ³É Ñ³Û- ~ smb help Ù»ñÅ»É û·Ý»É. ~ a request
ï³ñ³ñ»É. ~ smb as an imposter Ù»ÏÇÝ áñå»ë Ëݹñ³ÝùÁ Ù»ñÅ»É. He denies himself nothing
³í³½³Ï Ù»ñϳóÝ»É: ܳ Çñ»Ý áã ÙÇ μ³ÝÇó ãÇ ½ñÏáõÙ:
deodorant 225 deportation

deodorant [di΄əudərənt] n ¹»½á¹áñ³Ýï: ËݳÙùÇ ï³Ï ·ïÝíáÕ. ϳËÛ³É, ϳËáõÙ


depart [di΄pa:t] v Ñ»é³Ý³É, ·Ý³É, Ù»ÏÝ»É. áõÝ»óáÕ:
The train ~s at 12 o’clock ¶Ý³óùÁ Ù»ÏÝáõÙ ¿ Å dependence [di΄pendəns] n ϳËáõÙ, ϳË-
12 ÇÝ. The delegation has just ~ed ä³ïíÇñ³- í³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. íëï³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ, ÑáõÛë. state of ~
ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ñ»Ýó Ýáñ Ù»ÏÝ»ó/·Ý³ó, ~ this life ϳËÛ³É íÇ׳Ï. put/place one’s ~ in/on
ٳѳݳÉ, í³Ë׳Ýí»É. (ß»Õí»É, Ñ»é³Ý³É) íëï³Ñ»É, ÑáõÛë ¹Ý»É. live in ~ ËݳÙùÇ ï³Ï
~ from one’s plans Çñ Íñ³·ñÇó ß»Õí»É. The ³åñ»É, ϳËÙ³Ý Ù»ç ·ïÝí»É:
text ~s from the original î»ùëïÁ ï³ñμ»ñíáõÙ dependency [di΄pendənsi] n ϳËáõÙ, ϳË-
¿ μݳ·ñÇó: í³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, ϳËÛ³É ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ϳËÛ³É
department [di΄pa:tmənt] n μ³ÅÇÝ (˳- »ñÏÇñ, ·³ÕáõÃ:
ÝáõÃáõÙ, ÑÇÙݳñÏáõÙ). woman’s clothing/gifts dependent [di΄pendənt] 1. a ϳËÛ³É, ϳ-
~ ϳݳóÇ Ñ³·áõëïÇ/Ýí»ñÝ»ñÇ μ³ÅÇÝ. ËáõÙ áõÝ»óáÕ. ËݳٳñÏÛ³É. ~ countries
press ~ Ù³ÙáõÉÇ μ³ÅÇÝ. ~ manager/store μ³Å- ϳËÛ³É »ñÏñÝ»ñ. ~ on the weather »Õ³Ý³-
ÝÇ í³ñÇã. ѳÝñ³Ë³ÝáõÃ. (³ÙμÇáÝ, ý³- ÏÇó ϳËí³Í. ~ on sleeping pills ùݳѳμ»-
ÏáõÉï»ï) law/foregn language ~ Çñ³í³μ³- ñÇó ϳËáõÙ áõÝ»óáÕ. ~ person ëïáñ³¹ñÛ³É
ݳϳÝ/ûï³ñ É»½áõÝ»ñÇ μ³Å³ÝÙáõÝù/ý³- ³ÝÓ. ù»ñ. ëïáñ³¹³ë (ݳ˳¹³ëáõÃÛáõÝ).
ÏáõÉï»ï. the ~ of modern languages ųٳ- 2. n Ëݳٳéáõ, ËݳٳñÏÛ³É ³ÝÓ:
ݳϳÏÇó É»½áõÝ»ñÇ ³ÙμÇáÝ. State D~ ³ñ- depict [di΄pikt] v å³ïÏ»ñ»É, Ýϳñ»É, Ýϳ-
ï³ùÇÝ ·áñÍ»ñÇ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ (²ØÜ). ñ³·ñ»É:
Government D~ ݳ˳ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. Navy D~ depicture [di΄pikt∫ə] v å³ïÏ»ñ»É. å³ïÏ»-
é³½Ù³Íáí³ÛÇÝ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ (²ØÜ): ñ³óÝ»É, »ñ¨³Ï³Û»É:
departure [di΄pa:t∫ə] n Ù»ÏÝáõÙ, Ñ»é³Ý³ÉÁ. depilatory [di΄pilətəri] n Ù³½»ñÁ Ñ»é³óÝ»-
take one’s ~ Ù»ÏÝ»É, Ñ»é³Ý³É. time of ~ Ù»Ï- Éáõ, í»ñ³óÝ»Éáõ ë³ñù. ¹»åÇÉÛ³ïáñ:
ÝÁÙ³Ý/Ù»ÏÝ»Éáõ ųÙÁ. (ß»ÕáõÙ) any ~ from deplenish [di΄pleni∫] v ¹³ï³ñÏ»É:
ó³Ýϳó³Í ß»ÕáõÙ. ~ platform Ù»ÏÝÙ³Ý Ï³- deplete [di΄pli:t] v ëå³é»É. ~ one’s reserve
é³Ù³ïáõÛó. ~ from tradition/rules/subject ß»- å³ß³ñÝ»ñÁ ëå³é»É:
ÕáõÙ ³í³Ý¹áõÛÃÇó/ϳÝáÝÝ»ñÇó/ûٳÛÇó. a depletion [di΄pli:∫n] n ëå³éáõÙ, í»ñç³óÝ»-
new ~ Ýáñ áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝ/í³ñù³·ÇÍ: ÉÁ:
depasture [di:΄pa:st∫ə] v ³ñ³Í»É, ³ñ³Í»ó- deplorable [di΄plɔ:rəbl] a áÕμ³ÉÇ, áÕáñÙ»-
Ý»É: ÉÇ, ó³í³ÉÇ. ~ state áÕáñÙ»ÉÇ íÇ׳Ï. ~ be-
depend [di΄pend] v ϳËí³Í ÉÇÝ»É, ϳËáõÙ haviour ½½í»ÉÇ í³ñù³·ÇÍ/í³ñí»É³Ï»ñå.
áõݻݳÉ. ~ chiefly/fully/solely ·É˳íáñ³- The cuts on education are ~ ÎñÃ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³-
å»ë/ÉñÇí/ÙdzÛÝ Ï³Ëí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. ~ on cir- ϳñ·Ç μÛáõç»Ç Ïñ׳ïáõÙÁ ó³í³ÉÇ ¿:
cumstances ѳݷ³Ù³ÝùÝ»ñÇó ϳËí³Í ÉÇ- deplore [di΄plɔ:] v áÕμ³É, ë·³É, ó³í»É. ¹³-
Ý»É. it ~s, ~ing ݳ۳Í, û. ϳËí³Í Ýñ³ÝÇó, ï³å³ñï»É:
û. it~s/~ing how I feel ܳ۳Í, û »ë ÇÝÓ deploy [di΄plɔi] v é½Ù. ׳ϳïÇ É³ÛÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ
ÇÝãå»ë Ͻ·³Ù. as far as it ~s áñù³Ýáí áñ ï³ñ³Í»É/½³ñ·³óÝ»É:
¹³ ϳËí³Í ¿. You can ~ on him Üñ³Ý depolarize [di:΄pəuləraiz] v ýǽ. ³å³μ¨»-
ϳñ»ÉÇ ¿ íëï³Ñ»É, Üñ³ íñ³ ϳñ»ÉÇ ¿ é³óÝ»É:
ÑáõÛë ¹Ý»É. I can ~ on you Ò»½ íñ³ ÑáõÛë »Ù depopulate [di:΄pɒpjuleit] v μݳÏãáõÃÛáõÝÁ
¹ñ»É. ~ upon it ѳí³ï³ó³Í »Õ»ù. ~ upon å³Ï³ë»óÝ»É/áãÝã³óÝ»É. ³ÝÙ³ñ¹³μݳÏ
it, he’ll come ܳ ѳëï³ï Ï·³. (ϳËáõÙ ¹³ñÓÝ»É, ³Ù³Û³óÝ»É. become ~d ³ÝÙ³ñ-
áõݻݳÉ) ~ too much on smn Ù»ÏÇó ÉñÇí ¹³μÝ³Ï ¹³éݳÉ:
ϳËáõÙ áõݻݳÉ. ÷Ëμ. He ~s on writing for depopulation [di:‚pɒpju΄lei∫n] n μݳÏãáõ-
his living ܳ Çñ ³åñáõëïÁ ·ñ³Ï³Ý ÃÛ³Ý å³Ï³ëáõÙ/áãÝã³óáõÙ. μݳçÝçáõÙ:
·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ùμ ¿ í³ëï³ÏáõÙ: deport [di΄pɔ:t] v ³ñï³ùë»É, íï³ñ»É, ï³-
dependable [di΄pendəbl] a íëï³Ñ»ÉÇ, Ñáõ- ñ³·ñ»É, ³ùëáñ»É:
ë³ÉÇ: deportation [‚di:pɔ:΄tei∫n] n ³ñï³ùëáõÙ,
dependant [di΄pendənt] n ËݳٳñÏÛ³É, íï³ñáõÙ, ï³ñ³·ñáõÙ:
deportee 226 depth

deportee [‚di:pɔ:΄ti:] n ³ñï³ùëÛ³É, ³ùëáñ- ³ñÅ»ùÁ ·ó»ÉÁ. Ù³ßáõÙ, ³Ùáñïǽ³ódz.


Û³É, íï³ñ³Ý¹Ç: allow for ~ when selling í³×³é»ÉÇë ѳßíÇ
deportment [di΄pɔ:tmənt] n ß³ñÅáõÓ¨»ñ, ³éÝ»É Ù³ßáõÙÁ£
í³ñù: depreciatory [di΄pri:∫iətəri] a ³ñÅ»½ñÏáÕ,
depose [di΄pəuz] v Ñ»é³óÝ»É, ³ñÓ³Ï»É Ýë»Ù³óÝáÕ:
(å³ßïáÝÇó), ·³ÑÁÝÏ»ó ³Ý»É: depredation [deprə΄dei∫n] n ÏáÕáånõï,
deposit [di΄pɒzit] n ³í³Ý¹, Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ. time ~ óɳÝ, ѳ÷ßï³ÏáõÙ:
ųÙÏ»ï³ÛÇÝ ³í³Ý¹. short/long time ~ ϳñ- depredator [΄deprədeitə] n ÏáÕáåïÇã, Ïáñ-
׳ųÙÏ»ï/»ñϳñ³Å³ÙÏ»ï ³í³Ý¹. place ͳÝÇã, ³í»ñÇã:
money on ~ ¹ñ³ÙÁ ³í³Ý¹ ¹Ý»É. ~ account depress [di΄pres] v ×Ýß»É, ÁÝÏ×»É, ÃáõɳóÝ»É.
³í³Ý¹³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ßÇí. (Ýëïí³Íù, ï³Ï³Ýù, Trade is ~ed ²é¨ïáõñÁ Ýí³½»É ¿/Ãáõɳó»É ¿.
Ùñáõñ) a ~ of dust ÷áßáõ ß»ñï. rich ~ ѳ- Such weather ~es me ²ÛëåÇëÇ »Õ³Ý³ÏÁ ÇÝÓ
ñáõëï ѳÝù³ß»ñï. ~s of oil ݳíÃÇ Ñ³Ý- ×ÝßáõÙ ¿:
ù³í³Ûñ. ~ of lime ÏñÇ/Ïñ³ù³ñÇ ß»ñï: depressed [di΄prest] a ÁÝÏ×í³Í, ×Ýßí³Í,
deposit [di΄pɒzit] v ³í³Ý¹ ¹Ý»É, ϳÝ˳- óËÍáï. become/be ~ ÁÝÏ×í³Í/×Ýßí³Í ÉÇ-
í׳ñ ï³É. Ýëïí³Íù ³é³ç³óÝ»É ~ receipt Ý»É. feel ~ óËÇÍ/ٻɳٳÕÓáõÃÛáõÝ ½·³É.
³í³Ý¹Á ëï³Ý³Éáõ ëï³ó³Ï³Ý/³Ý¹áññ³- ïÝï. The economy is ~ îÝï»ë³Ï³Ý É׳-
·Çñ. óáõÙ ¿:
depositary [di΄pɒzitəri] n ³í³Ý¹³å³Ñ: depressing [di΄presiŋ] a ×ÝßáÕ, ÁÝÏ×áÕ. a ~
deposition [‚depə΄zi∫n] n ³ñӳϻÉÁ (å³ß- book ¹Åí³ñ ÁÝûéÝ»ÉÇ ·Çñù. a ~ day ͳÝñ
ïáÝÇó), Ñ»é³óÝ»ÉÁ, ·³ÑÁÝÏ»ó ³Ý»ÉÁ: ûñ:
depositor [di΄pɒzitə] n ³í³Ý¹³ïáõ, ³í³Ý- depression [di΄pre∫n] n ×Ýßí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ,
¹³ï»ñ: ×Ýßí³Í Ñá·»Ï³Ý íÇ׳Ï. ³ÝÏáõÙ. ÁÝÏ×í³-
depository [di΄pɒzitəri] n å³Ñ»ëï³ñ³Ý, ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ïÝï. ~ in industry ³ñ¹Ûáõݳμ»ñáõ-
å³Ñ»ëï. ÷Ëμ. å³Ñáó, ßï»Ù³ñ³Ý: a ~ of ÃÛ³Ý É׳óáõÙ. û¹»ñ¨Ã. ó³Íñ ÙÃÝáÉáñï³-
learning ÇÙ³ëïáõÃÛ³Ý Íáí: ÛÇÝ ×ÝßÙ³Ý ßñç³Ý. nervous ~ ÝÛ³ñ¹³ÛÇÝ
depot [΄depəu] n å³Ñ»ëï, ßï»Ù³ñ³Ý. é½Ù. ˳ݷ³ñáõÙ. ~ - ridden ×Ýßí³Í Ñ᷻ϳÝ
½Çݳå³Ñ»ëï, ½áñ³Ù³ë. »ñÏÃ. ¹»åá ݳ¨ íÇ׳Ï, ÁÝÏ×í³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ:
rail ~ ³Ù. »ñϳÃáõÕ³ÛÇÝ Ï³Û³ñ³Ý. bus/train deprivation [‚depri΄vei∫n] n ½ñÏáõÙ, Ïá-
~ ³íïáμáõëÇ/ïñ³Ùí³ÛÇ å³ñÏ: ñáõëï, ½ñϳÝù. å³ßïáݳ½ñÏáõÙ. ~ of
deprave [di΄preiv] v ÷ã³óÝ»É, ³Ýμ³ñáÛ³ó- rights Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇ ½ñÏáõÙ. ~ of liberty
Ý»É: ³½³ï³½ñÏáõÙ. a great ~ Ù»Í ½ñϳÝù/Ïá-
depraved [di΄preivd] a ÷ã³ó³Í, ³Ýμ³ñá- ñáõëï. sleep ~ ³ÝùÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
۳ϳÝ: deprive [di΄praiv] v ½ñÏ»É. ~ of freedom/plea-
deprecate [΄deprəkeit] v ËÇëï ¹³ï³å³ñ- sure ³½³ïáõÃÛáõÝÇó/ѳ×áõÛùÇó ½ñÏ»É. ~ of
ï»É, å³Ë³ñ³Ï»É. ³é³ñÏ»É, Áݹ¹ÇÙ³Ëá- a right Çñ³íáõÝùÇó ½ñÏ»É:
ë»É: deprived [di΄praivd] a ÁÝã³½áõñÏ, Ãßí³é³-
deprecation [‚deprə΄kei∫n] n ³ñÅ»½ñÏáõÙ. ϳÝ. ~ children Ãßí³é³Ï³Ý/½ñÏí³Í »ñ»-
³ñÅ»ùÁ ·ó»ÉÁ. Ù³ßáõÙ, ³Ùáñïǽ³ódz: ˳ݻñ:
deprecative [΄deprəkeitiv] a ¹³ï³å³ñ- depth [depθ] n ËáñáõÃÛáõÝ, Ëáñù. the ~ of a
ïáÕ, ³é³ñÏáÕ, μáÕáùáÕ. river/well ·»ïÇ/çñÑáñÇ ËáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ. ~ of
depreciate [di΄pri:∫ieit] v ³ñÅ»ù³½ñÏ»É, ·Ç- knowledge ·Çï»ÉÇùÇ ËáñáõÃÛáõÝ. a study in ~
ÝÁ ·ó»É. ûñ³·Ý³Ñ³ï»É, Ýë»Ù³óÝ»É. ~ the Ëáñ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ. in the ~ of night/
currency ï³ñ³¹ñ³ÙÁ ³ñÅ»ù³½ñÏ»É. pro- winter Ëáñ ·Çß»ñÇÝ/ÓÙé³ÝÁ. get/go out of
perty was ~d ê»÷³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ³ñÅ»ù³- one’s ~ áïùÇ ï³ÏÇ ÑáÕÁ ÏáñóÝ»É. I’m quite
½ñÏí»ó: out of my ~ in physics ýǽÇϳÛÇó μ³ó³ñ-
depreciatingly [di΄pri:∫ieitiŋli] adv ³ñѳ- ӳϳå»ë áãÇÝã ã»Ù ѳëϳÝáõÙ. the ~s
Ù³ñѳμ³ñ, ³ñѳٳñѳÝùáí: ËáñáõÃÛáõÝ. the ~s of the ocean ûíÏdzÝáëÇ
depreciation [di‚pri:∫i΄ei∫n] n ³ñÅ»½ñÏáõÙ, ËáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ. the ~ of the forest ³Ýï³éÇ
deputation 227 description

Ëáñù»ñÁ. in the ~ of the country »ñÏñÇ Ù³Ý ù³ÛÉ. ~ tree ³ñï³ÍÙ³Ý Í³é:
ËáñùáõÙ/Ñ»é³íáñ ³ÝÏÛáõÝáõÙ. in the ~ of derivative [di΄rivətiv] a ³Í³ÝóÛ³É, ³Í³Ý-
despair Ëáñ Ñáõë³Ñ³ïáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç: ó³íáñ. É»½í. ³Í³ÝóÛ³É μ³é. Ù³Ã. ¹»ñÇ-
deputation [‚depju΄tei∫n] n å³ïíÇñ³Ïáõ- í³ï, ³Í³ÝóÛ³É:
ÃÛáõÝ, å³ï·³Ù³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ: derive [di΄raiv] v ͳ·»É, ëÏÇ½μ ³éÝ»É, μË»É.
depute [di΄pju:t] v å³ïíÇñ³Ï áõÕ³ñÏ»É. ëï³Ý³É, ¹áõñë μ»ñ»É, ѳݻÉ. French ~s
Édz½áñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ѳÝÓÝ»É. ï»Õ³Ï³É from Latin üñ³Ýë»ñ»ÝÁ ͳ·áõÙ ¿ ɳïÇÝ»-
Ý߳ݳϻÉ. He was ~d to chair the meeting ñ»ÝÇó. ~ profit/benefit/pleasure »Ï³Ùáõï
Üñ³Ý Édz½áñ»óÇÝ ÅáÕáíÁ ݳ˳·³Ñ»É: ëï³Ý³É. û·áõï ù³Õ»É. ѳ×áõÛù ëï³Ý³É.
deputize [΄depjutaiz] v å³ï·³Ù³íáñ Ýß³- ÑÙÏñ·. ~d data item ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ ³Í³ÝóÛ³É
ݳϻÉ/ÁÝïñ»É. Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É, ÷á˳ñÇÝ»É. ï³ññ. ~d field ³Í³ÝóÛ³É ¹³ßï:
~ for smn Ù»ÏÇÝ ÷á˳ñÇÝ»É, å³ñï³Ï³- derogate [΄derəgeit] v Ýí³ëï³óÝ»É, Ýë»-
ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ϳï³ñ»É: Ù³óÝ»É. ³ñѳٳñÑ»É. Çñ³í. ûñ»ÝùÇ áõÅÁ
deputy [΄depjuti] n å³ïíÇñ³Ï, å³ï·³- Ù³ë³Ùμ Ïáñóñ³Í ׳ݳã»É:
Ù³íáñ. ï»Õ³Ï³É, û·Ý³Ï³Ý. ~ manager/di- derogation [‚derə΄gei∫n] n Ýë»Ù³óáõÙ,
rector ïÝûñ»ÝÇ/¹Çñ»ÏïáñÇ ï»Õ³Ï³É: Ýí³ëï³óáõÙ:
deracinate [di΄ræsineit] v ³ñÙ³ï³Ñ³Ý/ derogatory [di΄rɒgətəri] a Ýë»Ù³óáõóÇã,
³ñÙ³ï³ËÇÉ ³Ý»É: ëïáñ³óáõóÇã. ³ñѳٳñѳϳÝ:
derail [di:΄reil] v ·ÍÇó ¹áõñë ·³É/ѳݻÉ. derrick [΄derik] n ï»Ë. ³Ùμ³ñÓÇã Ù»ù»Ý³.
·Ý³óùÁ Ëáñï³Ï»É: Ñáñ³ïÙ³Ý í»ñݳÏ:
derailment [di:΄reilmənt] n ·Ý³óùÇ Ëáñ- descend [di΄send] v ÇçÝ»É, ó³Í ÇçÝ»É. ~ the
ï³ÏáõÙ: stairs/a hill ³ëïÇ׳ÝÝ»ñáí/ë³ñÇó ó³Í Çç-
derange [di΄reindз] v ˳éݳß÷áà ³é³- Ý»É. (ͳ·»É, ë»ñí»É) ~ from a French family
ç³óÝ»É, ϳñ· áõ ϳÝáÝÇó ·ó»É. ˳÷³Ý»É, ýñ³ÝëÇ³Ï³Ý ÁÝï³ÝÇùÇó ë»ñ»É, ýñ³Ý-
˳ݷ³ñ»É. mentally ~d Ñá·»Ï³Ý Ë³Ý·³- ëÇ³Ï³Ý Í³·áõÙ áõݻݳÉ. (ųé³Ý·³μ³ñ
ñáõÙ áõÝ»óáÕ: ³ÝóÝ»É) The estate ~s to son γÉí³ÍùÁ ų-
derangement [di΄reindзmənt] n ˳éݳ- é³Ý·³μ³ñ ³ÝóÝáõÙ ¿ áñ¹áõÝ. (ѳñÓ³Ï-
ß÷áà ³é³ç³óÝ»ÉÁ, Ñá·»Ï³Ý Ë³Ý·³ñáõÙ: í»É) The enemy ~ed by night ÂßݳÙÇÝ Ñ³ñ-
derby [΄da:bi] n Ódzñß³íÇ ï»ë³Ï, ¹»ñμÇ: Ó³Ïí»ó ·Çß»ñáí. He would never ~ to lying
derelict [΄derəlikt] a ÉùÛ³É, ³Ýáõß³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ü³ »ñμ»ù ëï»Éáõ ³ëïÇ×³Ý ã¿ñ ëïáñ³Ý³:
Ù³ïÝí³Í. a ~ ship/house ÉùÛ³É/³Ýáõß³¹- descendant [di΄sendənt] n Ñ»ï¨áñ¹, ų-
ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ïÝí³Í ݳí/ïáõÝ: é³Ý·, ß³é³íÇÕ:
dereliction [‚derə΄lik∫n] n ÉùáõÙ, ½³Ýó³éáõ- descent [di΄sent] n í³Ûñ¿çù. ½³éÇí³Ûñ, ½³-
ÃÛáõÝ: éÇó÷. ÇçÝ»ÉÁ. ͳ·áõÙ, ë»ñáõݹ. a para-
derestrict [‚di:ri΄strikt] v ë³Ñٳݳ÷³- chute ~ í³Ûñ¿çù å³ñ³ßÛáõïáí. the ~ from
ÏáõÙÝ»ñÁ ѳݻÉ: the mountain ë³ñÇó ÇçÝ»ÉÁ. (ѳñÓ³ÏáõÙ,
deride [di΄raid] v ͳÕñ»É, ͳÕñáõÍ³Ý³Ï ¹»ë³Ýï) make a ~ on ѳñÓ³Ïí»É:
³Ý»É: describe [di΄skraib] v Ýϳñ³·ñ»É, å³ïÏ»-
derision [di΄riзn] n ͳÕñáõÙ, ͳÕñ³Ýù. ñ»É, μÝáõó·ñ»É. ~ a person/place/thing ³ÝÓ/
have/hold in ~ ͳÕñ»É, ͳÕñ áõ ͳݳÏÇ »Ý- í³Ûñ/³é³ñϳ Ýϳñ³·ñ»É. ~ exactly/fully
óñÏ»É. be in ~ ͳÕñ áõ ͳݳÏÇ ³é³ñϳ /in detail ×ß·ñïáñ»Ý/ÉñÇí/Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ Ýϳ-
ÉÇÝ»É. make oneself an object of ~ ͳÕñ áõ ñ³·ñ»É. I wouldn’t ~ him as stupid ºë ã¿Ç ³ëÇ,
ͳݳÏÇ ³é³ñϳ ¹³éݳÉ: û ݳ ÑÇÙ³ñ ¿. »ñÏñã. (·Í»É, ·Í³·ñ»É) ~ a
derisive [di΄raisiv] a ͳÕñ³Ï³Ý. a ~ remark circle ßñç³Ý³·ÇÍ ·Í»É:
ͳÕñ³Ï³Ý ¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ: description [di΄skrip∫n] n Ýϳñ³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ,
derivation [‚deri΄vei∫n] n ͳ·áõÙ, ëÏǽμ, Ýϳñ³·Çñ, å³ïÏ»ñáõÙ. personal ~ ³ÝÓݳ-
³ÕμÛáõñ. É»½í. μ³é³Í³ÝóáõÙ. ¿É. ×ÛáõÕ³- Ï³Ý Ýϳñ³·Çñ. lively/vivid humorous ~ Ï»Ý-
íáñáõÙ, ¿É»Ïïñ³×ÛáõÕ. Ù³Ã. ¹»ñÇí³ódz. ¹³ÝÇ/í³é/ÑáõÙáñÇëï³Ï³Ý Ýϳñ³·Çñ.
ß»ÕáõÙ, ËáïáñáõÙ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ step ³ñï³Í- give a detailed ~ Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ Ýϳñ³·Çñ
descriptive 228 desire

ï³É. answer the ~ Ýϳñ³·ñÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³- ݳÏ. a ~ for a theatre óïñáÝÇ ß»ÝùÇ Ý³-
ï³ë˳ݻÉ. defy all ~ Ýϳñ³·ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ë³·ÇÍ. a new car ~ Ù»ù»Ý³ÛÇ Ýáñ ϳéáõó-
ã»ÝóñÏí»É, ³ÝÝϳñ³·ñ»ÉÇ ÉÇÝ»É. beyond í³Íù/ßÇÝí³Íù/¹Ç½³ÛÝ. the ~ of the dress
~ ³ÝÝϳñ³·ñ»ÉÇ. (ï»ë³Ï) magazines of ѳ·áõëïÇ Ó¨Á. faulty ~ ³ÝѳçáÕ Ý³Ë³-
every ~ ³Ù»Ý³ï³ñμ»ñ ³Ùë³·ñ»ñ. people ·ÇÍ. (ݳËß, ½³ñ¹³Ýϳñ) the ~ of a painting
of all ~ ³Ù»Ý ï»ë³Ï Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ, ˳Ûï³μÕ»ï ÝϳñÇ ÏáÙåá½Çódz. a ~ in colour ·áõݳíáñ
ѳë³ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ: ݳËß. a ~ in black and white ë¨ ¨ ëåÇï³Ï
descriptive [di΄skriptiv] a Ýϳñ³·ñ³Ï³Ý, ·áõÛÝ»ñáí ݳËß. oriental/floral ~ ³ñ¨»ÉÛ³Ý/
å³ïÏ»ñ³íáñ. ~ linguistics Ýϳñ³·ñ³Ï³Ý ͳÕϳíáñ ݳËß. modern/unusual ~ ųٳ-
É»½í³μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: ݳϳÏÇó /³Ýëáíáñ ¹Ç½³ÛÝ. (Ùï³¹ñáõ-
descry [di΄skrai] v Ýϳï»É, ÝßÙ³ñ»É: ÃÛáõÝ, ¹Çï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ) by ~ Ùï³¹ñí³Í,
desecrate [΄desikreit] v åÕÍ»É, ëñμ³åÕÍ»É: ¹ÇïÙ³Ùμ. have ~s on/against a person ¹Çï³-
desert [΄dezət] 1. n ³Ý³å³ï, ³Ù³ÛÇ ï»Õ. íáñáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»Ý³É Ù»ÏÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ/¹»Ù:
÷Ëμ. Ó³ÝÓñáõÛÃ. 2. a ³Ù³ÛÇ, ³ÝÙ³ñ¹³- design [di΄zain] v Íñ³·ñ»É, ݳ˳·Í»É. ~ a
μݳÏ. a ~ island ³ÝÙ³ñ¹³μÝ³Ï ÏÕ½Ç: factory/a washing machine ·áñͳñ³Ý/Éí³óùÇ
desert [di΄zə:t] v Éù»É, ÃáÕÝ»É. é½Ù. ¹³ë³- Ù»ù»Ý³ ݳ˳·Í»É/ëï»ÕÍ»É. ~ dresses ѳ-
Éù»É. ~ one’s family ÁÝï³ÝÇùÁ Éù»É. The ·áõëïÇ Ýáñ Ó¨»ñ ëï»ÕÍ»É (Ùï³¹ñí»É, ݳ-
streets were ~ed öáÕáóÝ»ñÁ ³Ù³ÛÇ ¿ÇÝ. ~ the ˳ï»ë»É) The course is ~ed for engineers
army/ship/to the enemy ¹³ë³Éù»É μ³Ý³- ¸³ëÁÝóóÁ ݳ˳ï»ëí³Í ¿ ÇÝŻݻñÝ»ñÇ
ÏÁ/ݳíÁ. ÃßݳÙáõ ÏáÕÙÝ ³ÝóÝ»É: ѳٳñ. The room was ~ed as a nursery ê»Ý-
deserter [di΄zə:tə] n ¹³ë³ÉÇù: Û³ÏÁ ݳ˳·Íí³Í ¿ñ »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ.
desertion [di΄zə:∫n n ÉùáõÙ, ÃáÕÝáõÙ. ¹³ë³- ~ for ³ß˳ï»É. He ~s for a big firm ܳ Ù»Í
ÉùáõÃÛáõÝ. Éùí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ýáõß³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ýÇñÙ³ÛáõÙ ¿ ³ß˳ïáõÙ. ~ for a fashion
Ù³ïÝí»ÉÁ. wilful ~ ϳÝ˳Ùï³Íí³Í ¹³- house Ýáñ³Ó¨áõÃÛ³Ý ï³ÝÁ ³ß˳ï»É:
ë³ÉùáõÃÛáõÝ. ÷Ëμ. ~ of duty å³ñï³Ï³Ýáõ- designate [΄dezigneit] v Ýß»É, Ù³ïݳÝß»É,
ÃÛáõÝ ãϳï³ñ»ÉÁ: Ý߳ݳϻÉ. ³Ýí³Ý»É. The boundaries are
deserts [di΄zə:ts] n ³ñųÝÇù, í³ëï³Ï. get clearly ~d ê³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ å³ñ½áñáß Ýßí³Í
one’s ~ Áëï ³ñųÝíáõÛÝ ëï³Ý³É. according »Ý. be ~d as deputy ï»Õ³Ï³É Ý߳ݳÏí»É:
to one’s ~ Áëï ³ñųÝÇùÇ: designation [‚dezig΄nei∫n] n ÝßáõÙ, ³Ýí³-
deserve [di΄zə:v] v ³ñųݳݳÉ, ³ñųÝÇ ÝáõÙ, Ý߳ݳÏáõÙ:
ÉÇÝ»É. ~ punishment/prize å³ïÅÇ/å³ñ·¨Ç designedly [di΄zainidli] adv ¹Çï³íáñÛ³É/
³ñųÝÇ ÉÝ»É. ~ special attention ѳïáõÏ áõ- ϳÝ˳Ùï³Íí³Í Ï»ñåáí:
ß³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñųÝÇ ÉÝ»É. more than one ~s designer [di΄zainə] n ݳ˳·ÍáÕ, ·Í³·ñáÕ.
³í»ÉÇÝ ù³Ý ³ñųÝÇ ¿. They ~ to win/to be ÏáÝëïñáõÏïáñ, ¹Ç½³ÛÝ»ñ. a dress ~ Ùá¹»É-
helped Üñ³Ýù å»ïù ¿ áñ ѳÕûÝ. Üñ³Ýó Û»ñ:
³ñÅ» û·Ý»É. ~ well of one’s country ѳÛñ»ÝÇ- designing [di΄zainiŋ] a ݳ˳·ÍáÕ, Íñ³-
ùÇ ³é³ç Ù»Í Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ áõݻݳÉ: ·ñáÕ. ÷Ëμ. Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏ, ݻݷ. a ~ woman
deservedly [di΄zə:vidli] adv Áëï ³ñųÝ- μ³Ýë³ñÏáõ/˳ñ¹³Ë ÏÇÝ.
íáõÛÝ/³ñųÝÇùÝ»ñÇ. ï»ÕÇÝ: desirable [di΄zaiərəbl] a ó³ÝϳÉÇ, ÁÕÓ³ÉÇ,
deserving [di΄zə:viŋ] a ³ñųݳíáñ, ³ñ- μ³ÕÓ³ÉÇ. It is ~ that... ò³ÝϳÉÇ ¿, áñ...:
ųÝÇ. a ~ cause ³ñųݳíáñ ·áñÍ. ~ case desire [di΄zaiə] n ó³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ï»Ýã, ÷³-
áõß³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñųÝÇ ¹»åù: ÷³·. sincere/strange/obvious ~ ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ/ï³ñ-
desiccate [΄desikeit] v ãáñ³óÝ»É, çñ³½ñÏ»É: ûñÇݳÏ/³ÏÝѳÛï ó³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ. have no ~
desiderate [di΄zidəreit] v å³Ï³ë/ϳñÇù ó³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ ãáõݻݳÉ. reveal a ~ ó³ÝÏáõ-
½·³É. ÷³÷³·»É: ÃÛáõÝ ¹ñë¨áñ»É. satisfy, meet/ignore smb’s ~
desideratum [di‚zidə΄ra:təm] n ó³Ýϳ- μ³í³ñ³ñ»É/³ñѳٳñÑ»É áñ¨¿ Ù»ÏÇ ó³Ý-
ÉÇ/³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï μ³Ý: ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ. get one’s heart’s ~ ëñïÇ ÇÕÓÁ
design [di΄zain] n åɳÝ, ݳ˳·ÇÍ, áõñí³- ϳï³ñí»É:
·ÇÍ. ¹Ç½³ÛÝ. ~ template ݳ˳·ÍÇ μÝûñÇ- desire [di΄zaiə] v ó³ÝϳݳÉ, ÷³÷³·»É.
desirous 229 destined

å³Ñ³Ýç»É. He ~d me to see the doctor ܳ desperation [‚despə΄rei∫n] n Ñáõë³Ñ³ïáõ-


åݹ»ó, áñ »ë μÅßÏÇÝ ¹ÇÙ»Ù. It leaves nothing ÃÛáõÝ, íѳïáõÃÛáõÝ. ³ÝËáÑ»ÙáõÃÛáõÝ,
to be ~d ²í»ÉÇ É³í μ³Ý ãÇ ¿É ϳñ»ÉÇ Ë»É³éáõÃÛáõÝ:
ó³ÝϳݳÉ: despicable [di΄spikəbl] a ³ñѳٳñÑ»ÉÇ,
desirous [di΄zaiərəs] a ï»Ýã³óáÕ, ÷³÷³- ³ñѳٳñѳÝùÇ ³ñųÝÇ. thoroughly ~
·áÕ, ͳñ³íÇ: ÇëÏ³Ï³Ý ï³Ýç³Ýù. It’s ~! ƯÝã ³ÙáÃ/˳Û-
desist [di΄zist] v ¹³¹³ñ»óÝ»É, í»ñç ï³É. ~ ï³é³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
from ¹³¹³ñ»É. ~ from smoking ¹³¹³ñ»É despise [di΄spaiz] v ³ñѳٳñÑ»É. He was ~d
ÍË»É: by his collegues Üñ³ ·áñÍÁÝÏ»ñÝ»ñÁ ³ñ-
desk [desk] n ·ñ³ë»Õ³Ý, Ýëï³ñ³Ý (³ß³- ѳٳñÑáõÙ ¿ÇÝ Ýñ³Ý:
Ï»ñï³Ï³Ý. ݳ¨ª school ~). »ñÅß. Ýáï³- despite [di΄spait] prep ãݳ۳Í, ѳϳé³Ï. ~
ϳÉ. sit at the ~ all day ³ÙμáÕç áñÁ ·ñ³ë»- the rain ãÝ³Û³Í ³ÝÓñ¨ÇÝ. ~ our warninngs
Õ³ÝÇ Ùáï ÉÝ»É. ~ work ·ñ³ë»Ý۳ϳÛÇÝ ãÝ³Û³Í Ù»ñ ݳ˳½·áõß³óáõÙÝ»ñÇÝ:
³ß˳ï³Ýù. Information D~ ï»Õ»Ï³ïáõ despiteful [di΄spaitful] a ã³ñ, ã³ñ³ëÇñï,
μÛáõñá. ÑÙÏñ·. desktop ³ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ ë»- á˳ϳÉ:
Õ³Ý, ¹»ëùÃá÷ ~ computer ³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý despoil [di΄spɔil] v ÏáÕáåï»É, óɳݻÉ,
û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Çã: ½ñÏ»É:
desolate [΄desələt] a ³Ù³ÛÇ, ³ÝÙ³ñ¹³μݳÏ. despoilment [di΄spɔilmənt] n ÏáÕáåáõï,
Éùí³Í, ³Ýáõß³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ïÝí³Í. a ~ val- óɳÝ, ѳ÷ßï³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
ley ³Ù³ÛÇ ¹³ßï³í³Ûñ. be/feel ~ óËÍ»É, despond [di΄spɒnd] v ÑáõÛëÁ Ïïñ»É, íѳï-
ïËñ»É, ϳñáï»É. sit ~ Ù»ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç/ Ù»- í»É, Ñáõë³Éùí»É:
Ý³Ï Ýëï»É£ despondency [di΄spɒndənsi] n Ñáõë³Ñ³-
desolate [΄desəleit] v ³Ù³Û³óÝ»É, ù³Ý¹»É, ïáõÃÛáõÝ, íѳïáõÃÛáõÝ, ×Ýßí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ:
³í»ñ»É. be ~d by Éùí³Í/Ù»ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÉÇ- despondent [di΄spɒndənt] a Ñáõë³Éùí³Í,
Ý»É. The country lay ~d ºñÏÇñÝ ³í»ñí»É ¿ñ: íѳïí³Í, ÁÝÏ×í³Í:
desolation [‚desə΄lei∫n] n ³Ù³Û³óáõÙ, ³í»- despot [΄despɒt] n μéݳϳÉ, ¹»ëåáï:
ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ٻݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ. íѳïáõÃÛáõÝ, despotic [di΄spɒtik] a μéݳϳɳϳÝ, μéݳ-
Ñáõë³Ñ³ïáõÃÛáõÝ: å»ï³Ï³Ý:
despair [di΄speə] n Ñáõë³Ñ³ïáõÃÛáõÝ. bit- despotism [΄despə‚tiz(ə)m] n μéݳϳÉáõ-
ter/utter/hopeless ~ ¹³éÁ/ͳÛñ³Ñ»Õ/³ÝÑáõÛë ÃÛáõÝ, μéݳå»ïáõÃÛáõÝ:
íѳïáõÃÛáõÝ. drive smb to ~ Ñáõë³Ñ³ïáõ- dessert [di΄zə:t] n ³Õ³Ý¹»ñ, ³Ýáõ߻ջÝ, ¹»-
ÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ëóÝ»É. in the depth of ~ ÉñÇí Ñáõ- ë»ñï. icecream for ~ å³Õå³Õ³Ï áñå»ë
ë³Ñ³ï. He’s the ~ of his parents ܳ ÍÝáÕÝ»- ³Õ³Ý¹»ñ. What is there for ~? ƱÝã áõÝ»Ýù
ñÇÝ Ñáõë³Ñ³ïáõÃÛ³Ý ¿ ѳëóÝáõÙ: ¹»ë»ñïÇÝ. ~ spoon ³Õ³Ý¹»ñ³ÛÇÝ ·¹³É:
despair [di΄speə] v Ñáõë³Ñ³ïí»É, ÑáõÛëÁ destination [‚desti΄nei∫n] n ¹»ñ, ÏáãáõÙ.
Ïïñ»É, íѳïí»É. ~ of success ѳçáÕáõÃÛ³Ý í»ñçݳÝå³ï³Ï, í³Ë׳Ý. Ýå³ï³Ï³-
ÑáõÛëÁ Ïïñ»É. They ~ of his life Üñ³ íÇ׳ÏÝ ï»Õ, Ýå³ï³Ï³Ï»ï. arrive at the ~ Ýå³-
³ÝÑáõÛë ¿: ï³Ï³ï»Õ ѳëÝ»É. What is your ~? à±õñ »ù
despairingly [di΄speəriŋli] adv ³ÝÑáõÛë Ï»ñ- ·ÝáõÙ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ directory Ýå³ï³Ï³ÛÇÝ Ï³-
åáí: ï³Éá·. ~ disk Ýå³ï³Ï³ÛÇÝ ëϳí³é³Ï. ~
desperate [΄despərət] a Ñáõë³Ñ³ï, ³Ý- file »ÉùÇ/Ýå³ï³Ï³ÛÇÝ ý³ÛÉ:
ÑáõÛë. ³ÝËáÑ»Ù, ˻ɳé. ѳݹáõ·Ý, ÙáÉÇ. a destine [΄destin] v ݳËáñáß»É, ϳÝËáñáß»É.
~ gambler ³ÝËáѻ٠˳ճÙáÉ. a ~ remedy áõÕ¨áñí»É, í»ñçÝ³Ï³Ý Ýå³ï³Ï áõݻݳÉ.
í»ñçÇÝ ÙÇçáóÁ. The country is ~ ºñÏÇñÁ He is ~d for London ܳ ÈáݹáÝ ¿ áõÕ¨áñíáõÙ
ÏáñͳÝÙ³Ý »½ñÇÝ ¿. ~ to find any job áñ¨¿ (Ý߳ݳÏáõÙ ¿ ëï³ó»É). His father ~d him for
³ß˳ï³Ýù ·ïÝ»Éáõ ÑáõÛë ãáõݻݳÉ: the army гÛñÁ Ýñ³Ý ½ÇÝíáñ³Ï³Ý ͳé³-
desperately [΄despərətli] adv Ñáõë³Ñ³- ÛáõÃÛ³Ý ¿ ï»Õ³íáñ»É:
ïáñ»Ý, Ñáõë³Éùí³Í. ~ unhappy ÉñÇí Ñáõ- destined [΄destind] a ݳËáñáßí³Í, ݳ˳-
ë³Éùí³Í. try ~ μáÉáñ ç³Ýù»ñÁ ·áñÍ ¹Ý»É: ë³ÑÙ³Ýí³Í. Ïáãí³Í:
destiny 230 deteriorate

destiny [΄destəni] n μ³Ëï, ׳ϳﳷÇñ: ÃÛáõÝ. to the last ~ ÙÇÝ㨠í»ñçÇÝ Ù³Ýñ³-
destitute [΄destitju:t] a ½ñÏí³Í, ½áõñÏ. ãù³- Ù³ëÝÁ. a mere ~ å³ñ½³å»ë Ù³Ýñáõù. ~s
íáñ, ³Õù³ï. ~ of ½ñÏí³Í. be left ~ ÙÝ³É Ù³ë»ñ, ¿É»Ù»ÝïÝ»ñ:
³é³Ýó ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ: detailed [΄di:teild] a Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ. ~ ac-
destitution [‚desti΄tju:∫n] n ½ñϳÝù, ϳñÇù, count/information Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ Ñ³ßí»ïíáõ-
ãù³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ: ÃÛáõÝ/ ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ discription /study
destroy [di΄strɔi] v ù³Ý¹»É, áãÝã³óÝ»É, Ïáñ- Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ Ýϳñ³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ/áõëáõÙݳëÇ-
ͳݻÉ. ~ smb’s hopes/health Ù»ÏÇ ÑáõÛë»ñÁ/³- ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
éáÕçáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÏáñͳݻÉ/áãÝã³óÝ»É. ~ an detain [di΄tein] v å³Ñ»É, Ñ»ï å³Ñ»É. ¹³Ý-
army μ³Ý³ÏÁ áãÝã³óÝ»É. The frost ~ed the ¹³Õ»óÝ»É, ³ñ·»Éù ¹³éݳÉ. ~ in custody
crops ê³éݳٳÝÇùÁ áãÝã³óñ»ó μ»ñùÁ£ μ³Ýïáõ٠ϳɳÝùÇ ï³Ï å³Ñ»É. be ~ed at
destroyer [di΄strɔiə] n ÏáñͳÝÇã, Ëáñï³- the office ÑÇÙݳñÏáõÙ áõ߳ݳÉ, ѳå³Õ»É.
ÏÇã. Íáí. ³Ï³Ý³ÏÇñ ݳí: Let me ~ you ÂáõÛÉ ïí»ù ÙÇ ÷áùñ Ó»½ å³-
destruction [di΄strΛk∫n] n ÏáñͳÝáõÙ, ³í»- Ñ»É. ~ for further questions å³Ñ»É ѻﳷ³
ñáõÙ, ù³Ûù³ÛáõÙ. áãÝã³óáõÙ. the ~ of all ho- ѳñó³ùÝÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ:
pes μáÉáñ ÑáõÛë»ñÇ ÏáñͳÝáõÙ. Drinking was detect [di΄tekt] v ѳÛïݳμ»ñ»É. »ñ¨³Ý ѳ-
his ~ гñμ»óáÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ïáñͳݻó Ýñ³Ý. Ý»É. ~ a gas leak ·³½Ç Ñáëù ѳÛïݳμ»ñ»É. ~
cause ~ ³í»ñáõÙ å³ï׳é»É: in the act of stealing μéÝ»É ·áÕáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÑÇÝ.
destructive [di΄strΛktiv] a Ïáñͳݳñ³ñ, ~ a lack of seriousness ÉñçáõÃÛáõÝ ãï»ëÝ»É:
³í»ñÇã, ù³Ûù³ÛÇã. ~ criticism ç³Ëç³ËÇã detectable [di΄tektəbl] a ÝßÙ³ñ»ÉÇ. hardly ~
ùÝݳ¹³ïáõÃÛáõÝ. Children are very ~ ºñ»- ѳ½Çí ÝßÙ³ñ»ÉÇ:
˳ݻñÁ ëÇñáõÙ »Ý ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã ÷ã³óÝ»É. detection [di΄tek∫n] n ѳÛïݳμ»ñáõÙ,
ÑÙÏñ·. ~ read ϳñ¹³É çÝç»Éáí: ¹ñë¨áñáõÙ, μ³ó³Ñ³ÛïáõÙ, Ñ»ï³Ëáõ½áõÙ.
destructor [di΄strΛktə] n ³ÕμÝ ³Ûñ»Éáõ/ ~ of a fraud ˳μ»áõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ûïݳμ»ñáõÙ. es-
³Õμ³Ï»½ í³é³ñ³Ý: cape ~ ³ÝÝϳï»ÉÇ ÙݳÉ:
desultory [΄desltəri] a ³Ýϳå, ³ÝëÇëï»Ù, detective [di΄tektiv] 1. a Ëáõ½³ñÏáõ, ¹»-
˳éݳß÷áÃ. ~ remarks ³ÝÏ³å ¹ÇïáÕáõ- ï»ÏïÇí. ~ force Ëáõ½³ñÏáõ áëïÇϳÝáõ-
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. ~ reading ³ÝëÇëï»Ù ÁÝûñó³Ýáõ- ÃÛáõÝ. a ~ story ¹»ï»ÏïÇí å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ/
ÃÛáõÝ. ~ walk in the park ³ÝÝå³ï³Ï ó÷³- í»å. 2. n Ëáõ½³ñÏáõ, Ëáõ½³ñÏáõ áëïÇϳ-
éáõÙ ³Û·áõÙ: ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ·áñÍ³Ï³É private ~ Ù³ëݳíáñ
detach [di΄tæt∫] v ³ñӳϻÉ, ³Ýç³ï»É, μ³- Ëáõ½³ñÏáõ:
ųݻÉ. ~ wires ɳñ»ñÝ ³Ýç³ï»É. ~ the car- detector [di΄tektə] n ï»Ë. áñáßÇã, ÇݹÇϳ-
riage í³·áÝÝ ³Ýç³ï»É. ~ the collar ûÓÇùÁ ïáñ. é³¹. ¹»ï»Ïïáñ:
ù³Ý¹»É. get ~ed from the group ËÙμÇó μ³- detente [΄deitɒnt] n ùÕù. ɳñí³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý
ųÝí»É: ÃáõɳóáõÙ:
detachable [di΄tæt∫əbl] a μ³Å³Ý»ÉÇ, ³Ýç³- detention [di΄ten∫n] n μéÝ»ÉÁ, ϳɳÝùÇ
ï»ÉÇ. ѳïí³Í³Ï³Ý, ÏïñáíÇ. ѳí³ùáíÇ: ï³Ï å³Ñ»ÉÁ. ϳɳÝù. áõß³óáõÙ, ѳå³-
detached [di΄tæt∫t] a ³Ýç³ï, ³é³ÝÓÇÝ, ÕáõÙ. ¹³ë»ñÇó Ñ»ïá å³Ñ»ÉÁ (áñå»ë å³-
Ù»ÏáõëÇ. a ~ house ³é³ÝÓݳïáõÝ. (³ÝϳË, ïÇÅ). spend an hour in ~ Ù»Ï Å³Ù Ï³É³ÝùÇ
³ÝÏáÕÙݳå³Ñ) be ~ about smth ³ÝÏáÕÙݳ- ï³Ï ³ÝóϳóÝ»É:
å³Ñ ÉÇÝ»É áñ¨¿ ѳñóáõÙ: deter [di΄tə:] v Ñ»ï å³Ñ»É/ϳݷݻóÝ»É. ~ed
detachment [di΄tæt∫mənt] n ³Ýç³ïáõÙ, by the weather »Õ³Ý³ÏÇ å³ï׳éáí Ñ»ï
μ³Å³ÝáõÙ, ³é³ÝÓݳóáõÙ. é½Ù. çáϳï, Ï³Ý·Ý»É be ~ed by the cost ·ÝÇ å³ï׳éáí
½áñ³ËáõÙμ. ËëÏó. have an air of ~ ³Ýç³ï- Ñ»ï ϳݷݻÉ/ù³ßí»É:
í³Í ï»ëù áõݻݳÉ: detergent [di΄tə:dзənt] a, n Ù³ùñáÕ, ³Ëï³-
detail [΄di:teil] n Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝáõÃÛáõÝ, Ù³Ý- ѳÝáÕ. ³Ëï³Ñ³ÝáÕ ÙÇçáó, Éí³óùÇ ÷áßÇ.
ñ³Ù³ëÝ»ñ. in ~ Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝáñ»Ý. go/enter ³Ù³ÝÝ»ñÁ Éí³Ý³Éáõ Ñ»ÕáõÏ:
into ~s Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ»ñÇ Ù»ç ÙïÝ»É. an (un)- deteriorate [di΄tiəriəreit] v í³ï³Ý³É,
important ~ (³Ý)ϳñ¨áñ Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝáõ- í³ïóñ³Ý³É. í³ï³óÝ»É. ÷ã³Ý³É,
deterioration 231 devastation

÷ã³óÝ»É. Fruit ~s quickly ØÇñ·Ý ³ñ³· ¿ detonation [‚detə΄nei∫n] n å³ÛÃÛáõÝ. ׳Û-


÷ã³ÝáõÙ: ÃÛáõÝ:
deterioration [di‚tiəriə΄rei∫n] n í³ï³óáõÙ, detour [΄di:tuə] n ßñç³ÝóáõÙ. ½³ñïáõÕÇ
í³ïóñ³óáõÙ, ÷ã³óáõÙ. Ù³ßáõÙ: ׳ݳå³ñÑ. make a ~ ßñç³Ýó»É. ËëÏó. Ï»é-
deteriorative [di΄tiəriəreitiv] a í³ï³óÝáÕ, Ù³Ý ï³É:
í³ïóñ³óÝáÕ: detract [di΄trækt] v Ýí³½»óÝ»É, Ýë»Ù³óÝ»É.
determinant [di΄tə:minənt] a áñáßáÕ/í×éáÕ ~ smn’s merit Ù»ÏÇ ³ñųÝÇùÝ»ñÁ Ýë»Ù³ó-
·áñÍáÝ: Ý»É:
determinate [di΄tə:minət] a áñáßí³Í, detraction [di΄træk∫n] n Ýí³½»óáõÙ. Ýí³ë-
ë³ÑÙ³Ýí³Í. í»ñçݳϳÝ, í×é³Ï³Ý: ï³óáõÙ:
determination [di‚tə:mi΄nei∫n] n áñáßáõÙ, detractive [di΄træktiv] a Ýí³½»óÝáÕ. ÷Ëμ.
ë³ÑÙ³ÝáõÙ. the ~ of the role ¹»ñÇ áñáßáõ- Ýí³ëï³óÝáÕ, í³ñϳμ»ÏáÕ:
ÙÁ/ë³ÑÙ³ÝáõÙÁ. (í×é³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ) show ~ detrain [‚di:΄trein] v (·Ý³óùÇó) ÇçÝ»É/Çç»ó-
í×é³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ óáõó³μ»ñ»É. be full of ~ Ý»É. (í³·áÝÁ) μ»éݳó÷»É:
í×é³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ ÉÇ ÉÇÝ»É. with ~ í×é³Ï³- detriment [΄detrimənt] n íݳë. to the ~ of Ç
ÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ: íݳë. know nothing to one’s ~ (Ù»ÏÇ Ù³ëÇÝ)
determinative [di΄tə:minətiv] a áñáßáÕ, áã ÙÇ ¹³ï³å³ñï»ÉÇ μ³Ý ãÇٳݳÉ. with-
í×éáÕ. í×é³Ï³Ý: out ~ ³é³Ýó íݳë ѳëóÝ»Éáõ:
determine [di΄tə:min] v áñáß»É, ë³ÑٳݻÉ. detrimental [‚detri΄mentl] a íݳë³μ»ñ,
~ size/time/amount ã³÷ëÁ/ųٳݳÏÁ/ù³- íݳë³Ï³ñ:
ݳÏÁ áñáß»É. Demand ~s supply ä³Ñ³Ýç³ñ- detrition [di΄tri∫n] n ù³Ûù³ÛáõÙ, Ù³ßáõÙ:
ÏÁ áñáßáõÙ ¿ ³é³ç³ñÏÁ, ~ boundaries detruncate [di:΄trΛŋkeit] v ϳñ׳óÝ»É,
ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ áñáß»É. (í×é»É) We ~d on an Ïïñ»É:
early start Ø»Ýù áñáß»óÇÝù ³é³íáïÛ³Ý detune [di:΄tju:n] v ³ÉÇùÇó ߻ջÉ. ɳñÇó
í³Õ Ù»ÏÝ»É: ·ó»É:
determined [di΄tə:mind] a í×é³Ï³Ý, ϳ- deuce I [dju:s] n ÃÕÃË. »ñÏáõëÝáó, »ñÏáõ
ÛáõÝ, ѳëï³ïáõÝ. a ~ person ϳÛáõÝ ³ÝÓ- Ùdzíáñ. (ûÝÇë) ѳí³ë³ñ ѳßÇí:
ݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ effort í×é³Ï³Ý ÷áñÓ. be deuce II [dju:s] n ËëÏó. ë³ï³Ý³, ·ñáÕ. ~
~ ïñ³Ù³¹ñí»É, Ùï³¹ñí»É. He is ~ to enter take it ! ë³ï³Ý³Ý ï³ÝÇ°. play ~ with íݳ-
гëï³ï³å»ë áñáᯐ ¿ ÁݹáõÝí»É: ë»É, ÷ã³óÝ»É:
deterrent [di΄terənt] a ËáãÁݹáïáÕ, ϳÝ- deuced [dju:st] a ËëÏó. ë³ï³Ý³Û³Ï³Ý,
˳ñ·»ÉáÕ. a bit of a ~ to me ÙÇ ÷áùñ í³- ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ:
Ë»óÝáÕ: davaluate [‚di:΄væljueit] v ·Ý³½ñÏ»É, ³ñ-
detest [di΄test] v ³ï»É, ½½í³Ýù ï³Í»É, ÝáÕ- Å»ù³½ñÏ»É:
ϳÝù ½·³É. ~ getting up early ³ï»É ³é³- devaluation [‚di:vælju΄ei∫n] n ·Ý³½ñÏáõÙ,
íáïÛ³Ý í³Õ í»ñ ϻݳÉÁ. ~ smn Ù»ÏÇ ³ñÅ»½ñÏáõÙ. ýÇÝ. ¹»í³Éí³ódz:
ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ ïѳ×áõÃÛáõÝ ½·³É: devalue [‚di:΄vælju] v ³ñÅ»½ñÏ»É. ~ the cur-
detestable [di΄testəbl] a ³ï»ÉÇ, ·³ñß»ÉÇ, rency ï³ñ³¹ñ³ÙÁ ³ñÅ»½ñÏ»É:
ÝáÕϳÉÇ: devastate [΄devəsteit] v ³í»ñ»É, ³Ù³Û³ó-
detestation [‚di:te΄stei∫n] n ÝáÕϳÝù, ·³ñ- Ý»É. The news simply ~d us ²Û¹ ÉáõñÁ å³ñ-
ß³Ýù, ³ï»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ: ½³å»ë Ñáõë³Ñ³ïáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ëóñ»ó:
dethrone [di΄θrəun] v ·³ÑÁÝÏ»ó ³Ý»É, ·³- devastated [΄devəsteitid] a Éùí³Í, Ñ᷻ϳÝ
ÑÇó ½ñÏ»É. ÷Ëμ. åë³Ï³½»ñÍ ³Ý»É, å³ï- áõݳÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç:
íÇó ·ó»É: devastating [΄devəsteitiŋ] a ³í»ñáÕ, Ïáñ-
dethronement [di΄θrəunmənt] n ·³ÑÁÝÏ»ó ͳÝÇã. His remark was ~ Üñ³ ³ÏݳñÏÁ
³Ý»ÉÁ. å³ïíÇó ·ó»ÉÁ: ëå³ÝÇã ¿ñ. ~ly beautiful óÝó»Éáõ ã³÷/³Ñ³-
detonate [΄detəneit] v å³ÛûÉ, å³ÛûóÝ»É: íáñ ·»Õ»óÇÏ:
detonating [΄detəneitiŋ] a å³ÛÃáõóÇÏ. å³Û- devastation [‚devə΄stei∫n] n ³Ù³Û³óáõÙ,
ûóáõóÇã: ³í»ñáõÙ, ³í»ñ:
develop 232 devotee

develop [di΄veləp] v ½³ñ·³Ý³É, ½³ñ·³ó- the ~ ! ¶ñáÕÇ Íá°óÁ. What the ~ happened?
Ý»É. ~ industry/business ³ñ¹Ûáõݳμ»ñáõÃÛáõ- ¶ñáÕÁ ï³ÝÇ, ƱÝã ¿ å³ï³Ñ»É. Poor ~!
ÝÁ/μǽݻëÁ ½³ñ·³óÝ»É. ~ one’s mind/an idea Ê»°Õ× Ù³ñ¹. Lucky ~! ´³ËïÁ μ»ñ»É ¿,
áõÕ»ÕÁ/ÙÇïùÁ ½³ñ·³óÝ»É. ~ interest Ñ»- ´³Ëï³íáñ Ù³ñ¹. a ~ for work ˻ɳ·³ñÇ
ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝ ³é³ç³óÝ»É. ~ a cough/ ÝÙ³Ý ³ß˳ïáÕ. the ~ of a row ³Ñ³íáñ
measles ѳ½/ùáõÃ»ß ³é³ç³Ý³É/³é³ç³ó- ëϳݹ³É. What the ~ do you mean? ƱÝã »ù
Ý»É. ~ gradually/rapidly/slowly/physically ³ë- áõ½áõÙ ¹ñ³Ýáí ³ë»É, ë³ï³Ý³Ý ï³ÝÇ.
ïÇ׳ݳμ³ñ/³ñ³·/¹³Ý¹³Õ/ýǽÇϳå»ë blue ~s ٻɳٳÕÓáõÃÛáõÝ, óËÍáõÃÛáõÝ. be-
½³ñ·³Ý³É. ~ further ³é³í»É ½³ñ·³óÝ»É. tween the ~ and the deep sea »ñÏáõ Ïñ³ÏÇ
ÉëÝÏ. »ñ¨³Ï»É. ~ the film ýáïáųå³í»ÝÁ ³ñ³ÝùáõÙ:
»ñ¨³Ï»É. »ñÏñμ. Ù߳ϻÉ. ~ mineral resources devil-fish [΄devlfi∫] n áõÃáïÝÇÏ, Íáí³Ññ»ß:
û·ï³Ï³ñ ѳݳÍáÝ»ñ Ù߳ϻÉ. ßÇÝ. ~ waste devilish [΄devli∫]1. a ¹Çí³ÛÇÝ, ë³ï³Ý³Û³-
land ϳéáõó³å³ï»É ¹³ï³ñÏ ï³ñ³Íáõ- ϳÝ. 2. adv ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ(áñ»Ý), ëáë-
ÃÛáõÝÁ. »ñÅß. ~ a theme Ã»Ù³Ý ½³ñ·³óÝ»É. ϳÉÇ(áñ»Ý):
·ÕïÝ. ~ new species Ýáñ ï»ë³ÏÝ»ñ ³×»ó- devil-may-care [‚devlmei΄keə] a ³ÝÑá·,
Ý»É. Plants ~ from seeds ´áõÛë»ñÝ ³×áõÙ »Ý Ë»ÝÃ:
ë»ñÙ»ñÇó. How’s your work ~ing ÆÝãå»±ë »Ý devilry [΄devlri] n ¹Çí³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍ, ë¨ Ùá·áõ-
·áñÍ»ñÝ ³é³ç ·ÝáõÙ/ÁÝóÝáõÙ: ÃÛáõÝ, ë³ï³Ý³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ. be up to some ~ ÇÝã-
developer [di΄veləpə] n ÉëÝÏ. »ñ¨³ÏÇã: áñ ë³ï³Ý³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ Íñ³·ñ»É. be full of ~
development [di΄veləpmənt] n ½³ñ·³óáõÙ, ã³ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ ÉÇ ÉÇÝ»É:
³×. Ùß³ÏáõÙ. ϳï³ñ»É³·áñÍáõÙ. the latest devious [΄di:viəs] a áõÕÇÕ ×³Ý³å³ñÑÇó
~s í»ñçÇÝ Éáõñ»ñÁ. urban ~ ù³Õ³ùÝ»ñÇ ß»ÕíáÕ, Ëáïáñ, ßñç³Ýó. ÷Ëμ. ³Ý³½ÝÇí,
½³ñ·³óáõÙ. a new ~ in literature ·ñ³Ï³Ý ½³ñïáõÕÇ. get rich by ~ means ³Ý³½ÝÇí/
Ýáñ áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝ. a stage/step in the ~ ½³ñ- ½³ñïáõÕÇ ×³Ý³å³ñÑÝ»ñáí ѳñëï³Ý³É:
·³óÙ³Ý ÷áõÉ. career ~ å³ßïáÝ»³Ï³Ý ³- devise [di΄vaiz] v ÑáñÇÝ»É, Ñݳñ»É, ·Ûáõï ³-
é³ç˳ճóáõÙ. job ~ ³ß˳ï³ï»Õ»ñÇ Ý»É, ݳ˳·Í»É. Çñ³í. Ïï³Ï ³Ý»É, Ïï³-
ëï»ÕÍáõÙ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ system ·áñÍÇù³ÛÇÝ Ñ³- Ï»É:
ٳϳñ·. ~ tools Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý ·áñÍÇù³ÛÇÝ ÙÇ- devisee [‚devi΄zi:] n Çñ³í. ųé³Ý·, Ñݳ-
çáóÝ»ñ: ñáÕ:
deviate [΄di:vieit] v ß»Õí»É, Ëáïáñí»É, ûù- deviser [di΄vaizə] n ·Ûáõï³ñ³ñ, ÑݳñáÕ£
í»É. ~ from the theme/tradition ûٳÛÇó/³- devisor [,devi΄zə:] n Çñ³í. ³Ýß³ñÅ ·áõÛùÇ
í³Ý¹áõÛÃÇó ß»Õí»É ~ the truth ×ßÙ³ñïáõ- Ïï³Ï³ñ³ñ:
ÃÛáõÝÇó Ñ»é³Ý³É: devoid [di΄vɔid] a ½áõñÏ:
deviation [‚di:vi΄ei∫n] n ß»ÕáõÙ, ËáïáñáõÙ. devolution [‚di:və΄lu:∫n] n ùÕù. Çß˳Ýáõ-
ùÕù. ûùáõÙ. ~ from the norm/the rules ß»ÕáõÙ ÃÛ³Ý/Édz½áñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ÝÓÝáõÙ/ ÷á-
ÝáñÙ³ÛÇó/ϳÝáÝÝ»ñÇó. ~ of the compass ˳ÝóáõÙ. ïÝï. ³å³Ï»ÝïñáݳóáõÙ:
ÏáÕÙݳóáõÛóÇ ß»ÕáõÙ/ËáïáñáõÙ: devolve [di΄vɒlv] v (ݳ¨ª ųé³Ý·³μ³ñ)
device [di΄vais] n ë³ñù, ѳñÙ³ñ³Ýù. ÙÇçáó. ³ÝóÝ»É. ÷á˳Ýó»É. The duties ~ upon the
ٻ˳ÝǽÙ. mecchanical/nuclear/useful ~ Ù»- deputy ä³ñï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÝ ³ÝóÝáõÙ »Ý
˳ÝÇϳϳÝ/ÙÇçáõϳÛÇÝ/û·ï³Ï³ñ ѳñ- ï»Õ³Ï³ÉÇ íñ³:
Ù³ñ³Ýù. a labour-saving ~ Ï»Ýó³Õ³ÛÇÝ devote [di΄vəut] v ÝíÇñ»É, ÝíÇñí»É. ³ÝÓݳ-
ë³ñù. stylistic/stale ~ á׳ϳÝ/Í»Íí³Í ïáõñ ÉÇÝ»É. ~ one’s life to science ÏÛ³ÝùÁ ·Ç-
Ñݳñù. the conjuror’s ~ Ó»éݳÍáõÇ ïáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ÝíÇñ»É. be ~d to ÝíÇñí³Í ÉÇÝ»É:
Ñݳñù/Ñݳñ³Ýù/ÙÇçáó. leave smn to his ûwn devoted [di΄vəutid] a ÝíÇñí³Í, ï³ñí³Í,
~ ÃáÕÝ»É ÇÝùÝáõñáõÛÝ Ñ³Õóѳñ»É/¹áõñë Ññ³åáõñí³Í. a ~ friend/granny ÝíÇñí³Í ÁÝ-
·³É Çñ³íÇ׳ÏÇó. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ code ë³ñùÇ Ï»ñ/ï³ïÇÏ:
ѳëó». ~ contention ë³ñù»ñÇ ÙñóáõÛÃ. ~ devotedly [di΄vəutidli] adv ³ÝÓÝíÇñ³μ³ñ:
queue ë³ñùÇÝ áõÕÕí³Í ѳñóáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ñÃ: devotee [‚devəu΄ti:] n ÝíÇñí³Í/ï³ñí³Í
devil [΄devl] n ë³ï³Ý³, ¹¨. The ~ with it ! To Ù³ñ¹. »ñÏñå³·áõ. ÏñáÝ. μ³ñ»å³ßï,
devotion 233 diapason

³ëïí³Í³í³Ë. a ~ of the ballet/football μ³- ¹Ç³·Ýá½. make a ~ ³Ëïáñáß»É. ÷Ëμ. the ~


É»ïÇ/ýáõïμáÉÇ »ñÏñå³·áõ: of the situation Çñ³íÇ׳ÏÇ μ³ó³ïñáõ-
devotion [di΄vəu∫n] n ÝíÇñí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, ÃÛáõÝÁ:
³ÝÓÝíÇñáõÃÛáõÝ. ÝíÇñáõÙ. ÏñáÝ. μ³ñ»å³ß- diagonal [dai΄ægnəl] 1. a ³ÝÏÛáõݳ·Í³ÛÇÝ,
ïáõÃÛáõÝ. ³ëïí³Í³í³ËáõÃÛáõÝ. ~s ³- ߻ճÏÇ. ~ stripes ß»Õ ½áÉ»ñ. 2. n ³ÝÏÛáõݳ-
ÕáÃù. be at one’s ~s ³ÕáûÉ: ·ÇÍ, ïñ³Ù³ÝÏÛáõÝ:
devotional [di΄vəu∫nəl] a μ³ñ»å³ßï, ç»ñ- diagram [΄daiəgræm] n ¹Ç³·ñ³Ù, ë˻ٳ.
Ù»é³Ý¹: make a ~ ë˻ٳ ϳ½Ù»É:
devour [di΄vauə] v ɳ÷»É, ³·³Ñ³μ³ñ áõ- dial [΄daiəl] n Ãí³ï³Ëï³Ï (ųٳóáõÛó).
ï»É. ÷Ëμ. ÏɳݻÉ, ÏáõÉ ï³É. ~ one’s pray ½á- ѳٳñ³·ñí³Í ëϳí³é³Ï (Ñ»é³Ëáë).
ÑÇÝ É³÷»É. ~ a novel ÷Ëμ. í»åÁ ÏɳݻÉ. dial [΄daiəl] v Ñ»é. ~ the number ѳٳñÁ ѳ-
~ed by curiosity Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛ³Ùμ ѳٳÏ- í³ù»É, ½³Ý·³Ñ³ñ»É. ~ the fire brigade
í³Í: Ññß»ç ËáõÙμ ½³Ý·³Ñ³ñ»É. ~ direct áõÕÇÕ
devouringly [di΄vauəriŋli] adv ³·³Ñ³μ³ñ, ϳåáí ÙdzݳÉ:
³·³Ñáñ»Ý: dialect [΄daiəlekt] n μ³ñμ³é. local ~ ï»Õ³-
devout [di΄vaut] a μ³ñ»å³ßï, ç»ñÙ»é³Ý¹. Ï³Ý μ³ñμ³é. peasant ~ ·ÛáõÕ³Ï³Ý Ëáë-
³ÝÏ»ÕÍ: í³Íù:
devoutly [di΄vautli] adv ³ÝÏ»ÕÍáñ»Ý, dialectal [‚daiə΄lektl] a É»½í. μ³ñμ³é³ÛÇÝ:
ëñï³Ýó. ~ hope ³ÝÏ»ÕÍáñ»Ý Ñáõëáí ÉÇÝ»É/ dialectics [‚daiə΄lektiks] n ÷ÇÉ. ¹Ç³É»ÏïÇ-
Ñáõë³É: ϳ. natural ~ μÝáõÃÛ³Ý ¹Ç³É»ÏïÇϳ:
dew [dju:] n óáÕ, ßáÕ. wet with ~ óáÕáí dialectology [‚daiəlek΄tɒlədзi] n μ³ñμ³é³-
Ãñçí³Í: ·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ:
dewberry [΄dju:bəri] n μëμ. Ùáß: dialling code [΄daiəliŋkəud] n Ñ»é³Ëáë³-
dew-drop [΄dju:drɒp] n óáÕÇ Ï³ÃÇÉ. ß³- ÛÇÝ Ïá¹:
ÕÇÏ, óáÕÇÏ: dialling tone [΄daiəliŋtəun] ³ÝÁݹٻç ëáõ-
dewy [΄dju:i] a óáÕáï, ß³Õáï. Ëáݳí, óó: Éáó (Ñ»é³Ëáë):
dexter [΄dekstə] a ³ç: dialogue [΄daiəlɒg] n »ñÏËáëáõÃÛáõÝ. ÑÙÏñ·.
dexterity [dek΄sterəti] n ׳ñåÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ~ box ¹Ç³Éá·³ÛÇÝ å³ïáõѳÝ. ~ item
ÅñáõÃÛáõÝ: ¹Ç³Éá·³ÛÇÝ ï³ññ. ~ mode ¹Ç³Éá·³ÛÇÝ
dexterous [΄dekstərəs] a ׳ñåÇÏ, ÑÙáõï, é»ÅÇÙ:
ÅÇñ: diameter [dai΄æmitə] n ïñ³Ù³·ÇÍ:
dextrose [΄dekstrəuz] n ùÇÙ. ˳Õáճ߳- diametral [dai΄æmitrəl] a ïñ³Ù³·Í³ÛÇÝ,
ù³ñ, ·ÉÛáõÏá½³: ɳÛݳÏÇ:
diabetes [‚daiə΄bi:ti:z] n μÅßÏ. ß³ù³ñ³Ëï, diametrical [daiə΄metrikl] a ïñ³Ù³·Í³-
¹Ç³μ»ï: ÛÇÝ:
diabetic [‚daiə΄betik] a ß³ù³ñ³ËïÇ. n ß³- diametrically [‚daiə΄metrikli] adv ïñ³Ù³-
ù³ñ³Ëïáí ÑÇí³Ý¹. ¹Ç³μ»ïÇÏ: ·Íáñ»Ý, ïñ³Ù³ã³÷áñ»Ý. ~ opposed views
diabolic(al) [‚daiə΄bɒlik(l)] a ¹Çí³ÛÇÝ, ë³- ïñ³Ù³·Íáñ»Ý ѳϳ¹Çñ ï»ë³Ï»ïÝ»ñ:
ï³Ý³Û³Ï³Ý. ã³ñ³Ý»Ý·, ¹³Å³Ý, ³Ý·áõÃ. diamond [΄daiəmənd] n ³¹³Ù³Ý¹, ³É-
~ cruelty ¹Çí³ÛÇÝ ¹³Å³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ cunning Ù³ëï. pure/black/sham/rough ~ Ù³ùáõñ/ë¨/
ë³ï³Ý³Û³Ï³Ý Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ: Ï»ÕÍ/ãÑÕÏí³Í ³¹³Ù³Ý¹/³ÉÙ³ëï. a ~
diabolism [dai΄æb(ə)liz(ə)m] n ϳ˳ñ¹áõ- brooch ³¹³Ù³Ý¹Û³ ÏñÍù³½³ñ¹, μñáß. a ~
ÃÛáõÝ, ë³ï³Ý³Û³å³ßïáõÃÛáõÝ: wedding ³¹³Ù³Ý¹» ѳñë³ÝÇù (60-³ÙÛ³
diacritic [‚daiə΄kritik] 1. a É»½í. ï³ñμ»ñÇã. Ñáμ»ÉÛ³Ý). ߻ճÝÏÛáõÝ. ÃÕÃË. ³·áõé (ù³ñ-
2. n ï³ñμ»ñÇã Ýß³Ý: ÷ÇÝç). a knave of ~ s ³·áõéÇ (ù³ñ÷ÇÝçÇ)
diadem [΄daiədem] n ³å³ñáß, ·É˳½³ñ¹: ½ÇÝíáñ (í³É»ï):
diagnose [΄daiəgnəuz] v ³Ëïáñáᯐ (ÑÇ- diamond-field [΄daiəməndfi:ld] n ³ÉÙ³ëïÇ
í³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝÁ): ѳÝù, ³¹³Ù³Ý¹³μ»ñ ßñç³Ý:
diagnosis [‚daiəg΄nəusi:z] n ³ËïáñáßáõÙ, diapason [‚daiə΄peizn] n »ñÅß. ¹Ç³å³½áÝ:
diaper 234 different

diaper [΄daiəpə] n (Ïñ×. nappy) ˳ÝÓ³ñáõñÇ of old age/from wounds/in battle/in poverty. Í»-
ßáñ, ÷³Ù÷»ñë: ñáõÃÛáõÝÇó/í»ñù»ñÇó/Ù³ñïáõÙ/³Õù³ïáõ-
diaphanous [dai΄æfənəs] a ó÷³ÝóÇÏ: ÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç Ù»éÝ»É. ~ in one’s sleep ùÝÇ Ù»ç
diaphragm [΄daiəfræm] n ëïáͳÝÇ, ÙÇç- Ù»éÝ»É. ~ a natural/violent death μݳϳÝ/
ÝáñÙ. ï»Ë., ϻݹ. óճÝÃ: μéÝÇ Ù³Ñáí ٳѳݳÉ. ~ in one’s boots ѳÝ-
diarrhoea [‚daiə΄riə] n μÅßÏ. ÉáõÍ, ÷áñÉáõ- ϳñÍ³Ù³Ñ ÉÇÝ»É. dying for ËëÏó. ë³ëïÇÏ
ÍáõÃÛáõÝ: ó³ÝϳݳÉ, Ù»éÝ»É I’m dying for a glass of
diary [΄daiəri] n ûñ³·Çñ. å³ßïáÝ³Ï³Ý water ØÇ μ³Å³Ï çñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ Ù»éÝáõÙ »Ù. I’m
·ñ³éáõÙÝ»ñÇ ûñ³óáõÛó. keep a ~ ûñ³·Çñ dying to see you àõßùë ·ÝáõÙ ¿ ù»½ ï»ëÝ»Éáõ
å³Ñ»É: ѳٳñ. ~ away /down Ù³ñ»É (Ó³ÛÝÁ), ѳÝ-
diathermic [‚daiə΄θə:mik] a ýǽ. ç»ñٳѳ- ¹³ñïí»É (ù³ÙÇÝ). ~ off Ù»éÝ»É, ³ÝÑ»ï³-
Õáñ¹Çã: ݳÉ. ~ out μݳçÝçí»É:
dice [dais] n pl ½³é³Ë³Õ (die- »½. ÃÇí): die-hard [΄daiha:d] n ùÕù. åݹ³×³Ï³ï:
dicer [΄daisə] n ½³é ˳ճóáÕ: diesel oil [΄di:zlɔil] n ¹Ç½»É³ÛÇÝ í³é»ÉÇù:
dichromatic [‚daikrəu΄mætik] a »ñÏ·áõÛÝ, diesis [΄daiəsis] n »ñÅß. ¹Ç»½:
»ñÏ»ñ³Ý·: diet [΄daiət] n ëÝáõݹ, áõï»ÉÇù. ëÝݹ³é»ÅÇÙ.
dickens [΄dikinz] n ËëÏó. ¹¨, ë³ï³Ý³: a light ~ ûè áõï»ÉÇù. be on a ~ ëÝݹ³é»-
dicky [΄diki] a ËëÏó. ÃáõÛÉ, ïϳñ, Ñݳٳß. ÅÇÙ å³Ñå³Ý»É. put on a ~ ëÝݹ³é»ÅÇÙ/
a ~ old man/chair/car ïϳñ Í»ñáõÏ, ÑÝ³Ù³ß ¹Ç»ï³ Ý߳ݳϻÉ. strict ~ ËÇëï ëÝݹ³-
³Ãáé/Ù»ù»Ý³. a ~ heart í³ï³éáÕç ëÇñï. é»ÅÇÙ:
feel ~ Çñ»Ý í³ï/ÃáõÛÉ ½·³É: diet [΄daiət] v ëÝݹ³é»ÅÇÙ/¹Ç»ï³ å³Ñå³-
dictate [΄dikteit] n ûɳ¹ñ³Ýù, ѳñϳ¹ñ³- Ý»É:
Ï³Ý å³ÛÙ³Ý. the ~s of reason μ³Ý³Ï³Ýáõ- dietary [΄daiətəri]1. n ûñ³å³ÑÇÏ, ûñ³å³-
ÃÛ³Ý Ã»É³¹ñ³ÝùÁ. ~ of conscience ËÕ×Ç ñ»Ý, ¹Ç»ï³. 2. a ¹Ç»ïÇÏ, ¹Ç»ï³ÛÇÝ:
ûɳ¹ñ³Ýù: differ [΄difə] v ï³ñμ»ñí»É, ½³Ý³½³Ýí»É. ~
dictate [dik΄teit] v ûɳ¹ñ»É, Ññ³Ù³Û»É. ~ a in character/in appearance μݳíáñáõÃÛ³Ùμ/
letter Ý³Ù³Ï Ã»É³¹ñ»É. ~ terms å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ ³ñï³ùÇÝáí ï³ñμ»ñí»É. Their views ~
ûɳ¹ñ»É: Üñ³Ýó ï»ë³Ï»ïÝ»ñÁ ã»Ý ѳÙÁÝÏÝáõÙ.
dictation [dik΄tei∫n] n ûɳ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. û- Tastes ~ ֳ߳ÏÇÝ ÁÝÏ»ñ ãϳ. (ãѳٳӳÛÝ-
ɳ¹ñ³Ýù. ϳñ·³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ: í»É) Here I ~ from you ²Ûëï»Õ »ë ã»Ù ϳñáÕ
dictator [dik΄teitə] n μéݳå»ï, ¹ÇÏï³ïáñ: Ó»½ Ñ»ï ѳٳӳÛÝí»É:
dictatorial [‚diktə΄tɔ:riəl] a μéݳå»ï³Ï³Ý: difference [΄difrəns] n ï³ñμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ½³-
diction [΄dik∫n] n É»½í. ³éá·³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ݳ½³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ in age/weight/price ï³ñÇ-
Ùïù»ñ ³ñï³Ñ³Ûï»Éáõ á×/Ó¨. poetic ~ μ³- ù³ÛÇÝ/ù³ßÇ/·ÝÇ ï³ñμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. a great/
ݳëï»ÕÍáõÃÛ³Ý É»½áõ: considerable/slight ~ Ù»Í/Ý߳ݳϳÉÇó/ûè
dictionary [΄dik∫ənri] n μ³é³ñ³Ý. look up ï³ñμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. make a ~ ï³ñμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ
a word in a ~ μ³éÁ μ³é³ñ³Ýáõ٠ݳۻÉ. com- ï³É/³Ý»É. split the ~ ï³ñμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ í»-
plete/pocket ~ ÉñÇí/·ñå³ÝÇ μ³é³ñ³Ý. com- ñ³óÝ»É, ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý ·³É. settle the ~
pile a ~ μ³é³ñ³Ý ϳ½Ù»É: í»×Á ѳñûÉ. It makes no ~ î³ñμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ
dictum [΄diktəm] n ÇÙ³ëï³ÉÇó Ëáëù. å³ß- ãϳ, ØǨÝáõÛÝ ¿. a ~ of opinions ϳñÍÇùÝ»ñÇ
ïáÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ûï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. Çñ³í. ¹³- ï³ñμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ/ï³ñ³Ó³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
ï³íáñÇ Ù³ëݳíáñ/³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý Ï³ñÍÇù: different [΄difrənt] a ï³ñμ»ñ, áã ÝÙ³Ý, ³ÛÉ.
didactic [dai΄dæktik] a Ëñ³ï³Ï³Ý, ¹Ç- ~ questions /problems ï³ñμ»ñ ѳñó»ñ/
¹³ÏïÇϳϳÝ: åñáμÉ»ÙÝ»ñ. ~ colours/opinions/ideas ï³ñ-
die [dai] n (dice- Ç »½. ÃÇí.) ½³é, ˳ճÝÇß. μ»ñ ·áõÛÝ»ñ/ϳñÍÇùÝ»ñ/·³Õ³÷³ñÝ»ñ. He
÷Ëμ. ѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. The ~ is cast ìÇ׳ÏÁ came at three ~ times ܳ »Ï³í »ñ»ù ³Ý·³Ù
Ý»ïí³Í ¿: ï³ñμ»ñ ųٳݳÏ. It’s a ~ story ¸³ Ù»Ï
die [dai] v Ù»éÝ»É, ٳѳݳÉ, í³Ë׳Ýí»É. ³ÛÉ/áõñÇß å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ ¿. ~ atmosphere/ad-
(ϻݹ. Ù³ëÇÝ ) ë³ïÏ»É. (μáõÛë) óé³Ù»É. ~ dress/life Ù»Ï ³ÛÉ/áõñÇß ÙÃÝáÉáñï/ѳëó»/
differential 235 dignitary

ÏÛ³Ýù. I feel a ~ person now ºë ÇÝÓ ÉñÇí dig [dig] v ÷áñ»É, ù³Ý¹»É. ~ a hole/a well ÷áë/
áõñÇß Ù³ñ¹ »Ù ½·áõÙ ÑÇÙ³: çñÑáñ ÷áñ»É. (÷áñ»É, ѳݻÉ) ~ potatoes
differential [‚difə΄ren∫l] 1. a ï³ñμ»ñÇã, ½³- ϳñïáýÇÉ/÷áñ»É/ѳݻÉ. ~ for gold áëÏÇ
ݳ½³ÝÇã. Ù³Ã. ï³ññ³Ï³Ý, ¹Çý»ñ»ÝódzÉ. ÷Ýïñ»É. ~ into one’s pocket ·ñå³ÝÝ»ñÁ ßáõé
2. n Ù³Ã. ¹Çý»ñ»ÝódzÉ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ file ÷á- ï³É/¹³ï³ñÏ»É. (Ññ»É, μáûÉ) ~ smb in the
÷áËáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ý³ÛÉ: ribs/side Ù»ÏÇ ÏáÕ»ñÇÝ Ë÷»É. ËëÏó. μݳÏ-
differentiate [‚difə΄ren∫ieit] v ï³ñμ»ñ(í)»É, í»É I ~ with my brother ºë »Õμáñë Ñ»ï »Ù
½³Ý³½³Ý(í)»É. ~ varieties ï»ë³ÏÝ»ñ ï³ñ- ³åñáõÙ ~ down ï³ÏÇó/ÑÇÙùÇó ÷áñ»É. ~
μ»ñ»É. Languages become ~d through time ij- in/to/into óջÉ, Ñáñ»É ÷Ëμ., ËëÏó. ~ one’s
ٳݳÏÇ ÁÝóóùáõÙ É»½áõÝ»ñÁ ³í»ÉÇ »Ý heels in ÏáÕùÇ ÁÝÏÝ»É. ~ up/out å»Õ»É. ~ up a
Ñ»é³ÝáõÙ Ù»ÏÁ ÙÛáõëÇó: Greek vase ÑáõÝ³Ï³Ý ëÏ³Ñ³Ï å»Õ»É:
differentiation [‚difəren∫i΄ei∫n] n ï³ñμ»- dig [dig] n Ññáó, μáÃáó. give a ~ Ññ»É, μáûÉ.
ñ³ÏáõÙ. Ï»ñå³ñ³Ý³÷áËáõÙ. ¹Çý»ñ»Ý- (ͳÕñ³Ýù, ˳ÛÃÇã ¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ) have a ~
óáõÙ: at smb Ù»ÏÇÝ Í³Õñ³ÝùÇ »ÝóñÏ»É:
differently [΄difrəntli] adv ï³ñμ»ñ/³ÛÉ/ digamy [΄digəmi] n »ñÏñáñ¹ ³ÙáõëÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
áõñÇß Ó¨áí/Ï»ñå: digest [dai΄dзest] n ³Ù÷á÷³·Çñ, ѳٳéáï
difficult [΄difiklt] a ¹Åí³ñ. ~ work/ situation/ ÅáÕáí³Íáõ/Ó»éݳñÏ. Ù³ÙáõÉÇ ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ:
word /examination/child ¹Åí³ñ ³ß˳- digest [dai΄dзest] v Ù³ñë»É. ~ food áõï»ÉÇù
ï³Ýù/ϳóáõÃÛáõÝ/μ³é/ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ/»ñ»Ë³. Ù³ñë»É. (Ûáõñ³óÝ»É) ~ the article Ñá¹í³ÍÁ
It’s ~ to please г×áÛ³óÝ»ÉÁ ¹Åí³ñ ¿. She is Ûáõñ³óÝ»É/ѳëϳݳÉ. I need time to ~ the
~ to get on with Üñ³ Ñ»ï Ûáɳ ·Ý³ÉÁ ¹Åí³ñ book Ä³Ù³Ý³Ï ¿ å»ïù ϳñ¹³ó³Íë ѳë-
¿. a ~ person ͳÝñ Ù³ñ¹. have a ~ time ͳÝñ ϳݳÉáõ ѳٳñ:
å³Ñ»ñ áõݻݳÉ: digestible [dai΄dзestəbl] a Ù³ñë»ÉÇ, ¹Ûáõñ³-
difficult/y [΄difiklti] n ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. Ëáã- Ù³ñë:
Áݹáï. ¹Åí³ñ ϳóáõÃÛáõÝ. financial/unex- digestion [dai΄dзest∫ən] n Ù³ñëáÕáõÃÛáõÝ.
pected/great ~ ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý/³Ýëå³ë»- Ûáõñ³óáõÙ (·Çï»ÉÇùÝ»ñÇ). a poor/bad ~ í³ï
ÉÇ/Ù»Í ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. have ~ ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝ Ù³ñëáÕáõÃÛáõÝ:
áõݻݳÉ. with/without ~ ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ, digestive [dai΄dзestiv]1. a Ù³ñëáճϳÝ. ~
³é³Ýó ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛ³Ý. serious/considerable ~ trouble ³ÝÙ³ñëáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, Ù³ñëáճϳÝ
ies Éáõñç/Ý߳ݳϳÉÇó ËáãÁݹáïÝ»ñ. ove- åñáμÉ»Ù. 2. n Ù³ñëáÕáõÃÛ³ÝÁ Ýå³ëïáÕ
come ~ies ËáãÁݹáïÝ»ñ ѳÕóѳñ»É. raise ÙÇçáó:
~ies ËáãÁݹáïÝ»ñ ³é³ç³óÝ»É: digger [΄digə] n ÑáÕ³÷áñ. ѳÝù³·áñÍ μ³Ý-
diffidence [΄difidəns] n ѳٻëïáõÃÛáõÝ, íáñ. áëÏáõ Ñ»ï³ËáõÛ½:
»ñÏãáïáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ù³ãÏáïáõÃÛáõÝ. with ~ digging [΄digiŋ] n ÷áñáõÙ, å»ÕáõÙ, ÑáÕ³ÛÇÝ
³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñ. ~s áëÏáõ ѳÝù»ñ:
»ñÏãáï/ѳٻëï Ï»ñåáí:
diffident [΄difidənt] a ѳٻëï, ³Ù³ãÏáï, digit [΄didзit] n ÙdzÝÇß ÃÇí:
»ñÏãáï. ³Ýíëï³Ñ, ³ÝÇÝùݳíëï³Ñ. be ~
digital [΄didзitəl] a Ãí³ÛÇÝ. ~ information
Ãí³ÛÇÝ ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ watch Ãí³-
about ³Ù³ã»É:
ÛÇÝ Å³Ù³óáõÛó. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ character Ãí³ÛÇÝ
diffluent [΄difluənt] a ï³ñ³ÑáëáÕ, ï³ñ³Í- ëÇÙíáÉ. D~ Unix ûå»ñ³óÇáÝ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·£
íáÕ. ÉáõÍíáÕ:
diffract [di΄frækt] v μ»Ï»É, ߻ջÉ: digitize [΄didзitaiz] v Ãí³ÛݳóÝ»É, Ãí³ÛÇÝ
¹³ñÓÝ»É:
diffuse [di΄fju:s] a ë÷éí³Í, óñí³Í, ï³- dignified [΄dignifaid] a ³ñųݳå³ïÇí.
ñ³Íí³Í. a ~ light/style óñí³Í ÉáõÛë. μ³½Ù³-
³ñųݳå³ïíáõÃÛ³Ý ½·³óáõÙ áõÝ»óáÕ. ~
Ëáë á×:
old lady ³ñųݳå³ïÇí ï³ñ»ó ÏÇÝ. be-
diffuse [di΄fju:z] v ï³ñ³Í»É, ë÷é»É, ͳí³- have in a ~ way Çñ»Ý ³ñųݳå³ïÇí Ó¨áí
É»É. ß³Õ ï³É, óñ»É£ å³Ñ»É:
diffusion [di΄fju:зn] n ͳí³ÉáõÙ, ï³ñ³- dignify [΄dignifai] v í»Ñ³óÝ»É, ³ñųݳó-
ÍáõÙ, óñáõÙ. »ñϳñ³μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ýǽ. ¹Ç-
Ý»É, ٻͳñ»É:
ýáõ½Ç³:
dignitary [΄dignətəri] n μ³ñÓñ³ëïÇ׳Ý
dignity 236 ding-dong

å³ßïáÝÛ³. Ý߳ݳíáñ Ù³ñ¹: ory/idea ³Õáï ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝ /·³Õ³÷³ñ. ~


dignity [΄dignəti] n ³ñųݳå³ïíáõÃÛáõÝ. lighting/outlines ³Õáï Éáõë³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ/áõñ-
beneath/below one’s ~ ³ñųݳå³ïíáõÃÛáõ- í³·ÇÍ. The room was ~ ê»ÝÛ³ÏÁ ÏÇë³Ë³-
ÝÇó ó³Íñ. lose one’s ~ ³ñųݳå³ïíáõ- í³ñÇ Ù»ç ¿ñ. His sight is getting ~ Üñ³ ï»ëá-
ÃÛáõÝÁ ÏáñóÝ»É. preserve one’s ~ ³ñųݳ- ÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ åÕïáñíáõÙ ¿. ËëÏó. He’s pretty ~
å³ïíáõÃÛáõÝÁ å³Ñ»É, ³ñųݳå³ïÇí ¸ÙμáÛÇ Ù»ÏÝ ¿:
Ó¨áí å³Ñ»É: dim [dim] v ³Õáï³Ý³É, Ùó·Ý»É. Ùßáõß³-
digraph [΄daigra:f] n É»½í. ï³é³Ï³å³Ï- å³ï»É. The lights were ~ed ÈáõÛë»ñÁ ³Õá-
óáõÃÛáõÝ: ï³ó³Ý. ~ lights ÉáõÛë»ñÁ ³Õáï³óÝ»É:
digress [dai΄gres] v ß»Õí»É/Ëáïáñí»É: dime [daim] n ³Ù. ï³ëÁ ó»ÝïÇ ³ñÅáÕáõ-
digression [dai΄gre∫n] n ß»ÕáõÙ, ËáïáñáõÙ: ÃÛ³Ùμ Ù»ï³Õ³¹ñ³Ù. ÷Ëμ. ¿Å³Ý³·ÇÝ. ~
digs [digz] n ËëÏó. μݳϳñ³Ý, ϳó³ñ³Ý. novel ¿Å³Ý³·ÇÝ í»å:
What are your ~ like? ÆÝãDZ ÝÙ³Ý ¿ ϳó³- dimension [dai΄men∫n] n ã³÷. ~s Ù»Íáõ-
ñ³Ý¹: ÃÛáõÝ, ͳí³É. average/large ~s ÙÇçÇÝ, ëáíá-
dike [daik] n ÃáõÙμ, å³ïÝ»ß, ³Ùμ³ñï³Ï. ñ³Ï³Ý/Ù»Í ã³÷ë»ñ:
÷Ëμ. ³ñ·»Éù, ËáãÁݹáï. ³éáõ: dimensional [dai΄men∫nəl] a ï³ñ³Í³Ï³Ý:
dilapidate [di΄læpideit] v ù³Ý¹»É, ù³Ûù³Û»É. diminish [di΄mini∫] v å³Ï³ë»É, Ýí³½»É,
÷Éã»É, ù³Ý¹í»É: ÃáõɳóÝ»É:
dilapidated [di΄læpideitid] a ˳ñËáõÉ, ÏÇ- diminution [‚dimi΄nju:∫n] n å³Ï³ëáõÙ,
ë³í»ñ. a ~ old house/hat/car ˳ñËáõÉ ÑÇÝ å³Ï³ë»óáõÙ. Ýí³½áõÙ, ÷áùñ³óáõÙ.
ïáõÝ. Ù³ßí³Í ·É˳ñÏ. ˳ñ³μ³ ³íïá- Ïñ׳ïáõÙ:
Ù»ù»Ý³: diminutival [di΄minjutivl] a ù»ñ. Ýí³½³-
dilapidation [di‚læpi΄dei∫n] n ˳ñËÉáõ- ϳÝ:
ÃÛáõÝ. ³ÝÏáõÙ. ù³Ûù³ÛáõÙ, ³í»ñáõÙ: diminutive [di΄minjutiv] a ÷áùñÇÏ,
dilatation [‚dailei΄tei∫n] n ÁݹɳÛÝáõÙ, ÁÝ- åëïÉÇÏ, åëïÇÏ. ù»ñ. Ýí³½³Ï³Ý μ³é/
¹³ñÓ³ÏáõÙ. ï³ñ³ÍáõÙ, ͳí³ÉáõÙ: í»ñç³Í³Ýó:
dilate [dai΄leit] v ɳÛݳóÝ»É, Áݹ³ñӳϻÉ. dimness [΄dimnəs] n ³ÕáïáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ýå³ñ-
His pupils were ~d Üñ³ μÇμ»ñÁ ɳÛݳó³Ý. ½áõÃÛáõÝ, ÙßáõßáïáõÃÛáõÝ:
÷Ëμ. ~ on a subject Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ Ëáë»É/ÁÝ- dimout [΄dimaut] n Éáõë³ùáÕ³ñÏáõÙ:
¹³ñÓ³Ïí»É ûٳÛÇ ßáõñçÁ: dimple [΄dimpl] n ÷áëÇÏ, ³Ûï÷áëÇÏ. ÷áë
dilatory [΄dilətəri] a ¹³Ý¹³ÕÏáï, ¹³Ý¹³- ÁÝÏ³Í ï»Õ, Ëáéáã:
ճ߳ñÅ: dimply [΄dimpli] a ÷áëÇÏÝ»ñáí, ³Ûï÷áëÇÏ-
dilemma [di΄lemə] n »ñÏÁÝïñ³Ýù, ¹Åí³ñ Ý»ñáí. ûè ³É»ÏáÍíáÕ:
ϳóáõÃÛáõÝ, ¹Çɻٳ. moral ~ μ³ñáÛ³Ï³Ý din [din] n ³ÕÙáõÏ, ÅËáñ. make a terrible ~
ËݹñÇ »ñÏÁÝïñ³Ýù. be in a ~ »ñÏÁÝïñ³Ý- ³Ñ³íáñ ³ÕÙáõÏ μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É:
ùÇ ³é³ç ϳݷݻÉ: din [din] v ³ÕÙÏ»É, ·áé·áé³É. ³ÝÁݹѳï/
diligence [΄dilidзəns] n ç³Ý³ëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ, ß³ñáõÝ³Ï ÏñÏÝ»É. ~ smth into smb’s head/ears
³ß˳ï³ëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ, work with ~ ç³Ý³ëÇ- Ù»ÏÇ ·ÉáõËÁ ÙïóÝ»É:
ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ ³ß˳ï»É: dine [dain] v ׳߻É. ~ out ¹ñëáõÙ/¹áõñëÁ/áã
diligent [΄dilidзənt] a ç³Ý³ë»ñ, ³ß˳ï³- ï³ÝÁ ׳߻É. (׳ßáí ÑÛáõñ³ëÇñ»É) ~ very
ë»ñ: well ɳí ׳ßáí ÑÛáõñ³ëÇñ»É. The table ~s ten
dill [dil] n ë³ÙÇÃ: persons ²Ûë ë»Õ³ÝÇ ßáõñçÁ ï³ëÁ Ñá·Ç ϳ-
dilly-dally [΄dilidæli] v ËëÏó. ï³ï³Ýí»É, ñáÕ »Ý ׳߻É/ï»Õ³íáñí»É:
¹³Ý¹³Õ»É, Ó·»É: diner [΄dainə] n ׳ßáÕ. ËëÏó. í³·áÝ-é»ë-
dilute [dai΄lu:t] v çñÇϳóÝ»É, Ýáëñ³óÝ»É. ~ ïáñ³Ý:
wine with water ·ÇÝÇÝ çñáí Ýáëñ³óݻɣ ding [diŋ] v ÑÝã»É, ÕáÕ³Ýç»É. ËëÏó. ß³ñáõ-
dilution [dai΄lu:∫n] n çñÇϳóáõÙ, Ýáëñ³- Ý³Ï Ëáë»É, ½³Ñɳ ï³Ý»É:
óáõÙ. ÃáõÛÉ ÏáÝó»Ýïñ³ódz: ding-dong [΄diŋ΄dɒŋ]1. n ½³Ý·»ñÇ ÕáÕ³Ýç.
dim [dim] a ³Õáï, åÕïáñ, Ùßáõßáï. ~ mem- 2. a ѳٳé. a ~ argument ѳٳé/³ÕÙÏáï
dingy 237 direction

í»×. 3. adv ѳٳéáñ»Ý£ diplomat [΄dipləmæt] n ¹Çí³Ý³·»ï:


dingy [΄dindзi] a ³Ý·áõÛÝ, ³Ý÷³ÛÉ. ³Õïáï, diplomatic [‚diplə΄mætik] a ¹Çí³Ý³·Çï³-
Ï»Õïáï. a ~ room ³Õïáï/ó÷Ã÷í³Í/ ϳÝ. ~ corps ¹Çí³Ý³·Çï³Ï³Ý Ïáñåáõë. ~
Ùé³ÛÉ ë»ÝÛ³Ï. a ~ town ËáõÉ/³ÝÝß³Ý ù³- rank ¹Çí³Ý³·Çï³Ï³Ý ³ëïÇ׳Ý. ~ chan-
Õ³ù: nels ¹Çí³Ý³·Çï³Ï³Ý áõÕÇÝ»ñ. ~ immunity
dining-car [΄dainiŋka:] n í³·áÝ é»ëïá- ¹Çí³Ý³·Çï³Ï³Ý ³ÝÓ»éÝÙË»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ:
ñ³Ý: diplomatics [diplə΄mætiks] n pl ¹Çí³Ý³-
dining-room [΄dainiŋru:m] n ë»Õ³Ý³- ·Çï³μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ¹ÇåÉáÙ³ïÇϳ:
ïáõÝ, ׳߳ë»ÝÛ³Ï: dipper [΄dipə] n ß»ñ»÷, ß»ñ»÷³ÃdzÏ.
dinky [΄diŋki] a ËëÏó. Ýñμ³·»Õ, ÏáÏÇÏ, ·»- ³ëïÕμ. the (Big) D ~ Ø»Í ²ñç. the (Little) D
Õ»óÇÏ Ñ³·Ýí³Í: ~ öáùñ ²ñç:
dinner [΄dinə] n ׳ß. have/take ~ ׳߻É. give dipping [΄dipiŋ] n ÁÝÏÕÙáõÙ, ëáõ½áõÙ, ó-
a ~ ׳ßÏ»ñáõÛà ï³É. basket ~ ½μáë³- óËáõÙ:
ËÝçáõÛù, åÇÏÝÇÏ. ~ hour/time ׳ßÇ ÁݹÙÇ- dipstick [΄dipstik] n (³íïá) ÛáõÕÇ Ù³Ï³ñ-
çáõÙ. a formal ~ å³ßïáÝ³Ï³Ý ×³ßÏ»ñáõÛÃ. ¹³ÏÇ óáõóÇã:
~ party ׳ßÏ»ñáõÛÃ. ~ service ׳ßÇ ëå³ëù. dire [΄daiə] a ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ, ëáëϳÉÇ. ¹³Å³Ý.
~ jacket ëÙáÏÇÝ·, ë¨ åÇç³Ï: ~ need/necessity ¹³Å³Ý ϳñÇù:
dint [dint] n by ~ of ÙÇçáóáí. ѳñí³ÍÇ direct [də΄rekt] a áõÕÇÕ, áõÕÕ³ÏÇ. ~ road/an-
Ñ»ïù: swer/train/reply/descendent áõÕÇÕ ×³Ý³-
dioxide [dai΄ɒksaid] n ùÇÙ. »ñÏûùëǹ, å³ñÑ/å³ï³ë˳Ý/·Ý³óù/Ñ»ïÝáñ¹, ų-
¹Çûùëǹ: é³Ý·. ~ costs áõÕÕ³ÏÇ Í³Ëë»ñ. ù»ñ. ~
dip [dip] v ÁÝÏÕÙ(í)»É, ëáõ½(í)»É. óó˻É. speech áõÕÕ³ÏÇ Ëáëù. (³ÝÙÇç³Ï³Ý) a ~
~ one’s finger in water Ù³ïÁ çñÇ Ù»ç ÙïóÝ»É. contact/connection ³ÝÙÇç³Ï³Ý ϳå. a ~ hit
~ one’s hand into the sack Ó»éùÁ ïáåñ³ÏÇ áõÕÇÕ Ýß³ÝÇÝ Ë÷»ÉÁ. (ïñ³Ù³·Í³ÛÇÝ) in a
Ù»ç ËáûÉ. (Çç/»ó/Ý»É) The sun ~ped below ~ line with ÙǨÝáõÛÝ ·ÍÇ íñ³. a ~ opposite/
the horizon ²ñ¨Á ûùí»ó ÑáñǽáÝÇó í³ñ. contradiction ïñ³Ù³·Íáñ»Ý ѳϳé³Ï. (ßÇ-
The road ~ped towards the shore ׳ݳå³ñÑÁ ï³Ï, ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ) a ~ person ßÇï³Ï Ù³ñ¹. ¿É. ~
ûùí»ó ¹»åÇ ³÷. ~ a flag ¹ñáßÁ Çç»óÝ»É. current ³Ý÷á÷áË/ѳëï³ïáõÝ Ñáë³Ýù:
(Ý»ñÏ»É) ~ a dress ßáñÁ Ý»ñÏ»É. ÷Ëμ. ~ into direct [də΄rekt] v áõÕÕ»É, áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É.
a book ·ñùÇ Ù»ç Ëáñ³ëáõ½í»É. ~ into holi- ~ attention/thoughts/steps áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ/
day money ³ñÓ³Ïáõñ¹³ÛÇÝ ÷áÕ»ñÁ áõñÇß Ùïù»ñÁ/ù³ÛÉ»ñÁ áõÕÕ»É. ~ the wrong way
Ýå³ï³ÏÝ»ñáí ͳËë»É: ëË³É áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É. (ѳëó»³·ñ»É) ~ the
dip [dip] n ûùáõÙ. a ~ in the road ÷áñ- letter ݳٳÏÁ ѳëó»³·ñ»É. ~ the remark
í³Íù/ѻջճï ׳ݳå³ñÑÇ íñ³. (ÁÝ- ¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ áõÕÕ»É/ѳëó»³·ñ»É. (Õ»-
ÏÁÕÙáõÙ, ëáõ½áõÙ) take a ~ ëáõ½í»É, ÉáÕ³- ϳí³ñ»É, í³ñ»É, ϳé³í³ñ»É). ~ a business/
ݳÉ. a quick ~ ³ñ³· ÉáճݳÉ. ÷Ëμ. a lucky construction ·áñÍ/ßÇݳñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ Õ»Ï³í³-
~ íÇ׳ϳ˳Õ: ñ»É. ~ a film/play ýÇÉÙÇ é»ÅÇëáñ ÉÇÝ»É. Ý»ñ-
diphtheria [dif΄θiəriə] n μÅßÏ. ùáõûß, ¹Çý- ϳ۳óáõÙ ¹Ý»É. ~ the orchestra Ýí³·³ËáõÙμ
ï»ñdz: ջϳí³ñ»É. (ϳñ·³¹ñ»É, Ññ³Ù³Û»É) I’ve
diphthong [΄difθɒŋ] n ÑÝã. »ñÏμ³ñμ³é, done as you ~ed ²ñ»É »Ù ÇÝãå»ë ϳñ·³¹ñ»É
¹ÇýïáÝ·£ /å³ïíÇñ»É »ù. He ~ed to send ܳ å³ïíÇ-
diploma [di΄pləumə] n íϳ۳ϳÝ, íϳ۳- ñ»ó áõÕ³ñÏ»É. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ access file áõÕÕ³ÏÇ
·Çñ, ¹ÇåÉáÙ. a ~ in engineering/education ÇÝ- ¹ÇÙ»Éáõ ý³ÛÉ. ~ access instruction áõÕÕ³ÏÇ
ŻݻñÇ/Ù³Ýϳí³ñÅÇ ¹ÇåÉáÙ: ÙáõïùÇ Ññ³Ñ³Ý·. ~ memory access channel
diplomacy [di΄pləuməsi] n ¹Çí³Ý³·Çïáõ- ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛ³ÝÁ áõÕÕ³ÏÇ ¹ÇÙ»Éáõ ϳݳÉ:
ÃÛáõÝ, ¹ÇåÉáÙ³ïdz. deal with ~ ¹Çí³Ý³- direction [də΄rekt∫n] n áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝ. in the ~
·Çïáñ»Ý Ùáï»Ý³É/·áñÍ»É: of áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ. right/wrong/opposite ~ ×Çßï/
diplomaed [di΄pləuməd] a ¹ÇåÉáÙ áõÝ»óáÕ, ë˳É/ѳϳé³Ï áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝ in all ~s μáÉáñ
¹ÇåÉáÙ³íáñ: áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí. have a/no sense of ~ ɳí/
directive 238 disafforest

í³ï ÏáÕÙÝáñáßí»É. (ջϳí³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ϳ- dirtiness [΄də:tinəs] n Ï»Õï, Ï»Õïáïáõ-


é³í³ñáõÙ) under the ~ of ջϳí³ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ. ÃÛáõÝ, ³ÝÙ³ùñáõÃÛáõÝ. ÷Ëμ. ëïáñáõÃÛáõÝ,
(óáõóáõÙ, Ññ³Ñ³Ý·) full/exact/written ~s ³Ý³½ÝíáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÉñÇí/×ß·ñÇï/·ñ³íáñ Ññ³Ñ³Ý·. give ~s dirty [΄də:ti] 1. a Ï»Õïáï, ³Õïáï, ó»Ëáï,
Ññ³Ñ³Ý· ï³É. obey/follow ~s Ññ³Ñ³Ý·Ý»- ~ road/hands/ clothes Ï»Õïáï ׳ݳ-
ñÇÝ »ÝóñÏí»É. ~s for use û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý å³ñÑ/Ó»éù»ñ/ ѳ·áõëï. a ~ work Ï»Õ-
ϳÝáÝÝ»ñ. The ~s on the letter were wrong ïáï/먳·áñÍ ³ß˳ï³Ýù. a ~ green Ï»Õ-
ܳٳÏÇ íñ³ Ýßí³Í ѳëó»Ý ëË³É ¿ñ. ï³íáõÝ Ï³Ý³ã. a ~ night ³ÝÓñ¨áï/óáõñï
óïñ. stage ~s Ñ»ÕÇݳϳÛÇÝ ÝßáõÙÝ»ñ: ·Çß»ñ. (³Ýå³ñÏ»ßï, ³Ýí³Û»Éáõã) a ~ trick
directive [də΄rektiv]1. a áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝ ïíáÕ. ËëÏó., ÷Ëμ. ëïáñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ stories
2. n Ññ³Ñ³Ý·, óáõóáõÙ, ¹Çñ»ÏïÇí. EU ³Ïå³ñÏ»ßï ³Ý»Ï¹áïÝ»ñ. ËëÏó. ~ trick
council ~ ºíñáѳٳÛÝùÇ ËáñÑñ¹Ç Ññ³- ëïáñ ³ñ³ñù. 2. n do the ~ on smb Ù»ÏÇ
ѳݷ: ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ ëïáñáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É:
directly [də΄rektli] adv áõÕÇÕ, áõÕÕ³ÏÇ, ³Ý- disability [‚disə΄biləti] n ³ÝÁݹáõݳÏáõ-
ÙÇç³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý. look ~ at áõÕÇÕ Ý³Û»É... íñ³. ÃÛáõÝ, ³Ý½áñáõÃÛáõÝ. ÃáõÉáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ý³ß-
~ responsible ³ÝÙÇç³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý å³ï³ë˳- ˳ïáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ. suffer from ~ ýǽÇϳ-
ݳïáõ. be ~ descended ³ÝÙÇç³Ï³Ý Ñ»ï- Ï³Ý å³Ï³ëáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ. total ~ ³Ý³ß-
Ýáñ¹/ ųé³Ý· ÉÇÝ»É. I work ~ to him ܳ Ç٠˳ïáõݳÏáõÃÛ³Ý ÉñÇí Ïáñáõëï. mental ~
³ÝÙÇç³Ï³Ý å»ïÝ ¿. be ~ affected ³ÝÙÇç³- Ùï³íáñ ³Ý³ß˳ïáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ pen-
ϳÝáñ»Ý í»ñ³μ»ñ»É. ~ opposite ³ÝÙÇç³- sion/benefit /allowance ³Ý³ß˳ïáõݳÏáõ-
å»ë ¹ÇÙ³óÁ. (ÇëÏáõÛÝ, ³Ýѳå³Õ) come ~ ÃÛ³Ý Ãáß³Ï/Ýå³ëï:
³ÝÙÇç³å»ë ·³É. I’ll be with you ~ ºë Çë- disable [dis΄eibl] v ³ÝÁݹáõݳÏ/³Ýå»ïù
ÏáõÛÝ/ÑÇÙ³ Ó»½ Ùáï ÏÉÇÝ»Ù. ËëÏó. cnj Ñ»Ýó ¹³ñÓÝ»É. ѳßÙ»É, ˻ջÉ:
áñ: disabled [dis΄eibld] a ³Ý³ß˳ïáõݳÏ,
director [də΄rektə] n ջϳí³ñ. é»ÅÇëáñ. ѳßٳݹ³Ù. Ë»Õí³Í. be ~ ѳßٳݹ³Ù
¹ÇñÇÅáñ. ¹Çñ»Ïïáñ. executive/managing ~ ÉÇÝ»É:
·áñͳ¹Çñ ïÝûñ»Ý. ~’s office ϳé³í³ñãÇ disabuse [‚disə΄bju:z] v ÙáÉáñáõÃÛáõÝÇó ѳ-
·ñ³ë»ÝÛ³Ï: Ý»É, ³ãûñÁ μ³ó»É. We must ~ him Ø»Ýù
directorate [di΄rektərət] n í³ñãáõÃÛáõÝ, å»ïù ¿ Ýñ³Ý ÙáÉáñáõÃÛáõÝÇó ѳݻÝù:
¹Çñ»Ïódz: disaccord [‚disə΄kɔ:d] n ³ÝѳٳӳÛÝáõ-
directorship [də΄rektə∫ip] n ïÝûñÇÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ÃÛáõÝ, ï³ñ³Ó³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
ϳé³í³ñãáõÃÛáõÝ: disadvantage [‚disəd΄va:ntidз] n ³Ýμ³ñ»-
directory [də΄rektəri] n ï»Õ»Ï³ïáõ, ï»Õ»- Ýå³ëï å³ÛÙ³Ý/íÇ׳Ï. íݳë, å³Ï³ëáõ-
ϳ·Çñù. ѳëó»³·Çñù. telephone ~ Ñ»é³- ÃÛáõÝ, Ïáñáõëï. be at a ~ ³Ýμ³ñ»Ýå³ëï
Ëáë³ÛÇÝ ï»Õ»Ï³·Çñù. ~ enquiries Ñ»é³- å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ ÉÇÝ»É. taken at ~ ³Ý³ÏÝϳÉÇ
Ëáë³ÛÇÝ ï»Õ»Ï³ïáõ μÛáõñá: μ»ñ³Í. sell to ~ íݳëáí í³×³é»É. The car
direful [΄daiəfl] a ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ, ëáëϳÉÇ: has some ~s Ø»ù»Ý³Ý áñáß å³Ï³ëáõÃÛáõÝ-
dirge [΄də:dз] n å³ï³ñ³·, ë·»ñ·. Ñá·»- Ý»ñ áõÝÇ:
ѳݷÇëï: disadvantageous [‚disædvən΄teidзəs] a ³Ý-
dirigible [΄diridзəbl] a ջϳí³ñ»ÉÇ: μ³ñ»Ýå³ëï, ³ÝÝå³ëï, ³Ý߳ѳí»ï.
dirt [də:t] n Ï»Õï. ³Õμ, Ï»ÕïáïáõÃÛáõÝ. The terms are ~ ä³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÝ ³Ý߳ѳí»ï
÷Ëμ. ëïáñáõÃÛáõÝ, í³ï ³ñ³ñÙáõÝù do one »Ý:
~ Ù»ÏÇ ¹»Ù ëïáñáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É. treat smn like disaffected [‚disə΄fektid] a ³Ýμ³ñÛ³ó³-
~ ß³ï í³ï í»ñ³μ»ñí»É. (ÑáÕ, ïÇÕÙ, ·»- ϳÙ, ¹Å·áÑ:
ïÇÝ) a ~ road ë³ÛÉáõÕÇ. throw/cast/fling ~ at disaffection [‚disə΄fek∫n] n ³Ýμ³ñÛ³ó³-
ѳÛÑáÛ³Ýù/Éáõï³Ýù ó÷»É, ³Ý³ñ·»É: ϳÙáõÃÛáõÝ, ¹Å·áÑáõÃÛáõÝ:
dirt-cheap [‚də:t΄t∫i:p] a ã³÷³½³Ýó ¿Å³Ý: disaffirm [‚disə΄fə:m] v ÅËï»É, Ñ»ñù»É.
dirtily [΄də:tili] adv Ï»Õïáï Ï»ñåáí, ³Ý- Çñ³í. ãí³í»ñ³óÝ»É, í×é³μ»Ï»É:
³½Ýíáñ»Ý, ³Ý³ñ·³μ³ñ: disafforest [‚disə΄fɒrist] v ³Ýï³é³Ñ³ï»É:
disagree 239 disburden

disagree [‚disə΄gri:] v ãѳٳӳÛÝí»É, ï³- ¹»ÙùÁ ËáÅáé»É ³ñï³Ñ³Ûï»Éáí ³Ýѳí³-


ñ³Ï³ñÍÇù ÉÇÝ»É. The two reports ~ ºñÏáõ ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
ѳßí»ïíáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ÉñÇí ï³ñμ»ñ »Ý. We disapprove [‚disə΄pru:v] v ѳí³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ
~ on this point ²Ûë ѳñóáõÙ Ù»Ýù ï³ñ³Ï³ñ- ãï³É, ¹³ï³å³ñï»É. ~ of one’s choice ÁÝï-
ÍÇù »Ýù. (íÇ×»É) We always ~ Ø»Ýù ÙÇßï ñáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ѳí³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ãï³É:
íÇ×áõÙ »Ýù. ~ about the charge ·ÝÇ Ù³ëÇÝ disapprovingly [‚disə΄pru:viŋli] adv ³Ý-
íÇ×»É. (íݳë³Ï³ñ ÉÇÝ»É) Fatty food ~s with Ëñ³Ëáõë³μ³ñ, Ïßï³Ùμ³Ýùáí, μ³ó³ë³-
me ÚáõÕáï áõï»ÉÇùÁ ÇÝÓ íÝ³ë ¿. This cli- μ³ñ.
mate ~s with her ²Ûë ÏÉÇÙ³Ý Ýñ³Ý ãÇ ·³- disarm [dis΄a:m] v ½Çݳó÷ ³Ý»É, ½Çݳ-
ÉÇë/íݳë³Ï³ñ ¿: ó÷»É. ÷Ëμ. Her smile ~ed everybody Üñ³
disagreeable [‚disə΄gri:əbl] a ïѳ×, ³Ý³- ÅåÇïÁ μáÉáñÇÝ ½Çݳó÷ ³ñ»ó:
ËáñÅ, ³Ý¹áõñ: disarmament [dis΄a:məmənt] n ½Çݳó-
disagreement [‚disə΄gri:mənt] n ï³ñ³Ó³Û- ÷áõÙ. general/total/complete ~ ÁݹѳÝáõñ/
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ÝѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ·Åïáõ- ѳÙÁݹѳÝáõñ/Édzϳï³ñ ½Çݳó÷áõÙ.
ÃÛáõÝ. be in the ~ with the plan åɳÝÇ Ñ»ï ~ talks ½Çݳó÷Ù³Ý μ³Ý³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ:
³ÝѳٳӳÛÝ ÉÇÝ»É. ~ on the question ï³- disarrange [‚disə΄reindз] v ù³Ûù³Û»É, ϳ½-
ñ³Ó³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ Ñ³ñóÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ: Ù³ÉáõÍ»É, ˳ݷ³ñ»É:
disallow [‚disə΄lau] v Ù»ñÅ»É, ³ñ·»É»É, ãÃáõÛ- disarrangement [‚disə΄reindзmənt] n ù³Û-
ɳïñ»É£ ù³ÛáõÙ, ϳ½Ù³ÉáõÍáõÙ, ³Ýϳñ·áõÃÛáõÝ:
disappear [‚disə΄piə] v ³ÝÑ»ï³Ý³É, ãù³- disarray [‚disə΄rei] n ˳éݳß÷áÃáõÃÛáõÝ,
ݳÉ, Ïáñã»É. ~ gradually/forever ³ëïÇ׳ݳ- Çñ³ñ³ÝóáõÙ. in ~ ³Ýϳñ·/˳éݳß÷áÃ
μ³ñ/ÁݹÙÇßï ³ÝÑ»ï³Ý³É. ~ without trace/ íÇ׳ÏáõÙ:
into thin air ³ÝÑ»ï Ïáñã»É: disarray [‚disə΄rei] v ³Ýϳñ·áõÃÛáõÝ/ ß÷á-
disappearance [‚disə΄piərəns] n ³ÝÑ»ï³- ÃáõÃÛáõÝ ³é³ç μ»ñ»É£
óáõÙ, ãù³óáõÙ, ³ÝѳÛï³Ý³ÉÁ. ~ of the mo- disaster [di΄za:stə] n ³Õ»ï, ¹Åμ³Ëïáõ-
ney is a mystery öáÕÇ ³ÝѳÛï³Ý³ÉÁ ÃÛáõÝ. meet with ~ ³Õ»ïÇ Ñ³Ý¹Çå»É.
³é»ÕÍí³Í ¿: call/bring ~ ÷áñÓ³Ýù/³Õ»ï Ïáã»É/μ»ñ»É.
disappoint [‚disə΄pɔint] v Ñdzëó÷»óÝ»É, ËëÏó. My cake was a ~ ÂËí³Íùë ÙÇ
Ñdzëó÷áõÃÛáõÝ å³ï׳é»É. be ~ed Ñdz- ³Ñ³íáñ μ³Ý ¿ñ:
ëó÷í»É. We are ~ed with him Ø»Ýù Ñdz- disastrous [di΄za:strəs] a ³Õ»ï³ÉÇ, Ïáñͳ-
ëó÷í»É »Ýù Ýñ³ÝÇó. I’ll have to ~ you ºë ݳñ³ñ, Ïáñëï³μ»ñ a ~ policy Ïáñëï³μ»ñ
å»ïù ¿ Ó»½ Ñdzëó÷»óÝ»Ù: ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ floods ³Õ»ï³μ»ñ
disappointed [‚disə΄pɔintid] a Ñdzëó÷- çñѻջÕ. ËëÏó. a ~ journey ÙÕÓ³í³Ýç³ÛÇÝ
í³Í, Ñáõë³Ë³μ. íßï³ó³Í: áõÕ¨áñáõÃÛáõÝ:
disappointing [‚disə΄pɔintiŋ] a ³ÝÙËÇó- disavow [‚disə΄vau] v Ñ»ñù»É, ÅËï»É. áõñ³-
ñ³Ï³Ý, ó³í³ÉÇ How ~ ! ƯÝã ³÷ëáë ¿, ݳÉ, Ññ³Å³ñí»É:
ó³í³ÉÇ ¿ It’s ~ that... ò³í³ÉÇ ¿, áñ..: disavowal [‚disə΄vauəl] n μ³ó³ëáõÙ, Ñ»ñ-
disappointment [‚disə΄pɔintmənt] n Ñdz- ùáõÙ, ÅËïáõÙ. ùÕù. Ù»ñÅáõÙ, ѳٳӳÛÝ
ëó÷áõÃÛáõÝ, Ñáõë³Ë³μáõÃÛáõÝ. íñ¹áí- ãÉÇÝ»ÉÁ:
ÙáõÝù, ³Ý³ËáñÅáõÃÛáõÝ. to my great ~ Ç disband [dis΄bænd] v ³ñӳϻÉ, óñ»É, óñí»É:
Ëáñ Ñdzëó÷áõÃÛáõÝë. His ~ was obvious disbar [dis΄ba:] v Çñ³í. ÷³ëï³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý
Üñ³ Ñdzëó÷áõÃÛáõÝÝ ³ÏÝѳÛï ¿ñ. The Çñ³íáõÝùÇó/åñ³ÏïÇϳÛÇó ½ñÏ»É:
holiday was a ~ ²ñÓ³Ïáõñ¹Á ÉñÇí Ñáõë³Ë³μ disbelief [‚disbi΄li:f] n ³Ýѳí³ïáõÃÛáõÝ,
³ñ»ó. ~ in love ëÇñá Ñdzëó÷áõÃÛáõÝ: ãѳí³ï³ÉÁ:
disapprobation [‚disæprəu΄bei∫n] n ³Ýѳ- disbelieve [‚disbi΄li:v] v ãѳí³ï³É, ãíëï³-
í³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ¹³ï³å³ñïáõÙ: Ñ»É:
disapproval [‚disə΄pru:vl] n ³Ýѳí³Ýáõ- disbeliever [‚disbi΄li:və] n ³Ýѳí³ï:
ÃÛáõÝ, ѳí³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ãï³ÉÁ. express one’s ~ disburden [dis΄bə:dn] v μ»éÇó/ͳÝñáõ-
³Ýѳí³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ³ñï³Ñ³Ûï»É. frown in ~ ÃÛáõÝÇó ³½³ï(í)»É:
disc 240 disconnect

disc [disk] n ëϳí³é³Ï, ßñç³Ý. μÅßÏ. slipped ϳÝ, áõÕÕÇã. ~ offense ϳñ·³å³Ñ³Ï³Ý
~ ˳Ëïí³Í áÕ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ drive ëϳ- ˳ËïáõÙ. ~ punishment ϳñ·³å³Ñ³Ï³Ý
í³é³Ï³ÏÇñ. ~ operating system ëϳí³- å³ïÇÅ:
é³Ï³ÛÇÝ ûå»ñ³óÇáÝ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·. ~ pack discipline [΄disəplin] n ϳñ·³å³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ,
ëϳí³é³ÏÝ»ñÇ ÷³Ã»Ã. ~ storage ëϳí³- ϳñ·. keep/maintain ~ ϳñ·³å³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ
é³Ï³ÛÇÝ ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ unit ëϳ- å³Ñå³Ý»É. mental ~ áõÕ»ÕÇ Ù³ñ½áõÙ:
í³é³Ï³ÛÇÝ ÑÇß³ë³ñù: discipline [΄disəplin] v ϳñ·³å³Ñ ¹³ñÓ-
discard [΄diska:d] v ¹áõñë Ý»ï»É/·ó»É. ¹»Ý Ý»É, ϳñ·³å³ÑáõÃÛ³Ý í³ñÅ»óÝ»É. ~ one’s
ßåñï»É. Ññ³Å³ñí»É. In summer we ~ warm class ¹³ë³ñ³Ýáõ٠ϳñ·³å³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ
clothes ²Ùé³ÝÁ Ù»Ýù ѳÝáõÙ »Ýù/Ñ»é³ó- ѳëï³ï»É. å³ïÅ»É be ~ed for the offence
ÝáõÙ »Ýù ï³ù ѳ·áõëïÁ. ~ hypotheses ÑÇ- å³ïÅí»É ½³Ýó³ÝùÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ:
åáû½Á/í³ñϳÍÁ Ù»ñÅ»É. ~ old friends ã׳- disclaim [dis΄kleim] v Ññ³Å³ñí»É, áõñ³-
ݳã»É/Ññ³Å³ñí»É ÑÇÝ ÁÝÏ»ñÝ»ñÇó: ݳÉ. ãÁݹáõÝ»É. ~ responsibility å³ï³ë˳-
discern [di΄sə:n] v ÝßÙ³ñ»É, Ýϳï»É. ï³ñ- ݳïíáõÃÛáõÝÇó Ññ³Å³ñí»É. ~ a debt
μ»ñ»É, ½³Ý³½³Ý»É. ~ things in the dark ÙÃáõ- å³ñïùÇó Ññ³Å³ñí»É/ã׳ݳã»É. Çñ³í.
ÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç Çñ»ñ Ýϳï»É/ÝßÙ³ñ»É. ~ differ- ѳÛóÇó Ññ³Å³ñí»É:
ence ï³ñμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ ï»ëÝ»É: disclaimer [dis΄kleimə] n Ññ³Å³ñáõÙ,
discernible [di΄sə:nəbl] a Ýϳï»ÉÇ, ï»ë³- áõñ³óáõÙ, ÅËïáõÙ:
Ý»ÉÇ. ï³ñμ»ñ³ÏÇã. ÁÝûéÝ»ÉÇ: disclose [dis΄kləuz] v ѳÛïݳμ»ñ»É, »ñ¨³Ý
discerning [di΄sə:niŋ] a Ëáñ³Ã³÷³Ýó, ó- ѳݻÉ. μ³ó»É, Ù»ñϳóÝ»É ~ the identity ÇÝù-
÷³ÝóáÕ. ~ remark Ëáñ³Ã³÷³Ýó ¹ÇïáÕáõ- ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ å³ñ½»É/μ³ó³Ñ³Ûï»É:
ÃÛáõÝ. ~ taste Ýáõñμ ׳߳Ï: disclosure [dis΄kləuзə] n Ù»ñϳóáõÙ, ѳÛï-
discharge [΄dist∫a:dз] n μ»éݳó÷áõÙ, ݳμ»ñáõÙ, ¹ñë¨áñáõÙ. μ³ó³Ñ³ÛïáõÙ:
¹³ï³ñÏáõÙ. the ~ of water/steam/eletricity discomfit [dis΄kΛmfit] v ß÷áûóÝ»É, ˳-
çñÇ/·áÉáñßáõ μ³ó ÃáÕáõÙ. ¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³Ýáõ- ÷³Ý»É:
ÃÛ³Ý å³ñåáõÙ. ~ of an employee/a patient discomfiture [dis΄kΛmfit∫ə] n ß÷áÃí³Íáõ-
³ß˳ïáÕÇ ³ñÓ³ÏáõÙ. ÑÇí³Ý¹Ç ¹áõñë- ÃÛáõÝ, ß÷áÃáõÃÛáõÝ:
·ñáõÙ. ~ of a debt/duty å³ñïùÇ Ù³ñáõÙ/ discomfort [dis΄kΛmfət] n ³ÝѳñÙ³ñáõ-
í׳ñáõÙ. å³ñï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³ï³ñáõÙ: ÃÛáõÝ, ³ÝѳݷëïáõÃÛáõÝ. feel some ~ áñáß
discharge [dis΄t∫a:dз] v μ»éݳó÷(í)»É. μ»- ³ÝѳݷëïáõÃÛáõÝ ½·³É. experience ~ ³Ý-
éÇó ³½³ïí»É. ~ a ship ݳíÁ μ»éݳó÷»É. ѳñÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ½·³É:
~ steam/gas ·áÉáñßÇ/·³½ μ³ó ÃáÕÝ»É. (å³ñ- discomfort [dis΄kΛmfət] v ³Ýѳݷëïáõ-
å»É, ÉÇóù³Ã³÷ ³Ý»É) ~ electricity ¿É»Ïïñ³- ÃÛáõÝ å³ï׳é»É, ݻճóÝ»É. be ~ed by
ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÉÇóù³Ã³÷ ³Ý»É. ~ a contract ß÷áÃí»É:
å³Ûٳݳ·ÇñÁ ã»ÕÛ³É Ñ³Ù³ñ»É. ~ waste discolour [dis΄kΛlə] v ·áõݳ½ñÏ»É, ·áõÛÝÁ
³ÕμÁ/ó÷áÝÁ ó÷»É. ~ a gun Ññ³½»ÝÁ ÷áË»É:
Ïñ³Ï»É. ~ from army/hospital ½áñ³óñ»É, ͳ- discolouration [dis‚kΛlə΄rei∫n] n ³Ý·áõݳ-
é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÇó ³½³ï»É. ÑÇí³Ý¹³ÝáóÇó óáõÙ, ·áõݳ½ñÏáõÙ:
¹áõñë ·ñ»É. ~ a prisoner μ³Ýï³ñÏÛ³ÉÇÝ discompose [‚diskəm΄pəuz] v Ñáõ½»É, íñ¹á-
³½³ï»É. ~ a debt/a duty å³ñïùÁ í׳ñ»É, í»É, ³Ýѳݷëï³óÝ»É:
å³ñï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ϳï³ñ»É. ~ the discomposedly [‚diskəm΄pəuzdli] adv ³Ý-
cloth ÏïáñÁ ·áõݳ½ñÏ»É: ѳݷëïáõÃÛ³Ùμ, Ñáõ½í³Í, íñ¹áíí³Í:
dischargee [‚dist∫a:΄dзi:] n ³Ù. ½áñ³óñí³Í discomposure [‚diskəm΄pəuзə] n ³Ý-
½ÇÝíáñ³Ï³Ý: ѳݷëïáõÃÛáõÝ, Ñáõ½ÙáõÝù:
disciple [di΄saipl] n ³ß³Ï»ñï. Ñ»ï¨áñ¹. disconcert [‚diskən΄sə:t] v ß÷áûÉ, ß÷áÃáõ-
ÏñáÝ. ³é³ùÛ³É: ÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ·ó»É. Ñáõ½»É, ·ñ·é»É:
disciplinarian [‚disəpli΄neəriən] n ϳñ·³- disconnect [‚diskə΄nekt] v ³Ýç³ï»É, μ³-
å³ÑáõÃÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙݳÏÇó. μͳËݹÇñ Ù³ñ¹: ųݻÉ, Çñ³ñÇó Ñ»é³óÝ»É. ~ electricity/
disciplinary [΄disəplinəri] a ϳñ·³å³Ñ³- gas/telephone ¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ/·³½Á/
disconnected 241 discretion

Ñ»é³ËáëÁ ³Ýç³ï»É. We’ve been ~ed Ø»½ discourse [΄diskɔ:s] n Ëáëù, ½ñáõÛó. ¹³ïá-
³Ýç³ï»óÇÝ (Ñ»é³Ëáë³Ï³åÁ): ÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ׳é. deliver a ~ ¹³ë³Ëáëáõ-
disconnected [‚diskə΄nektid] a ³Ýϳå, ÃÛ³Ùμ/׳éáí ѳݹ»ë ·³É. ~ analysis É»½í.
ÏóÏïáõñ: ËáëáõÛÃÇ/¹ÇëÏáñë í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛáõÝ£
disconnection [‚diskə΄nek∫n] n ³Ýç³ïáõÙ, discourse[dis΄kɔ:s] v ׳é»É, ¹³ï»É.~ on
μ³Å³ÝáõÙ: smth ¹³ï»É/¹³ïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É áñ¨¿
disconsolate [dis΄kɒnsələt] a ³ÝÙËÇóñ, ѳñóÇ ßáõñç:
Ãßí³é, ïËáõñ: discourteous [dis΄kə:tiəs] ³Ýù³Õ³ù³í³-
discontent [‚diskən΄tent]1. n ¹Å·áÑáõÃÛáõÝ, ñÇ, ³ÝÏÇñÃ:
³Ýμ³í³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. 2. a ¹Å·áÑ, ãμ³í³- discourtesy [dis΄kə:tisi] n ³Ýù³Õ³ù³í³-
ñ³ñí³Í. 3. v ¹Å·áÑáõÃÛáõÝ ³é³ç³óÝ»É: ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
discontented [‚diskən΄tentid] a ¹Å·áÑ, ãμ³- discover [di΄skΛvə] v ѳÛïݳμ»ñ»É, »ñ¨³Ý
í³ñ³ñí³Í. be ~ with one’s work ³ß˳- μ»ñ»É. ~ a new continent Ýáñ Ù³Ûñó³Ù³ù
ï³ÝùÇó ¹Å·áÑ ÉÇݻɣ ѳÛïݳμ»ñ»É. ~ the way to split atom ³ïáÙÁ
discontentedly [‚diskən΄tentidli] adv ¹Å·á- ×»Õù»Éáõ Ýáñ ÙÇçáó ѳÛïݳ·áñÍ»É. (μ³-
ÑáõÃÛ³Ùμ: ó³Ñ³Ûï»É) ~ a plot/a theft ¹³í³¹ñáõ-
discontentment [‚diskən΄tentmənt] n ¹Å·á- ÃÛáõÝ/·áÕáõÃÛáõÝ μ³ó³Ñ³Ûï»É. ~ a defect
ÑáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ýμ³í³ñ³ñí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ: ûñáõÃÛáõÝ Ñ³Ûïݳμ»ñ»É. (ÇٳݳÉ) It was
discontinuance [‚diskən΄tinjuəns] n ¹³¹³- never ~ed ºñμ»ù ãÇÙ³óí»ó. They have ~ed
ñáõÙ, ÁݹѳïáõÙ: her real name Üñ³Ýù å³ñ½»É »Ý ³Õçϳ Çë-
discontinue [‚diskən΄tinju:] v Áݹѳï(í)»É, Ï³Ï³Ý ³ÝáõÝÁ:
¹³¹³ñ»É, ¹³¹³ñ»óÝ»É. ~ a subscription/pub- discovery [di΄skΛvəri] n ѳÛïݳ·áñÍáõ-
lication μ³Å³Ýáñ¹³·ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ/Ññ³ï³ñ³- ÃÛáõÝ, ·Ûáõï. ѳÛïݳμ»ñáõÙ. μ³ó³Ñ³Û-
ÏáõÙÁ Áݹѳï»É. Çñ³í. ϳñ×»É ~ proceed- ïáõÙ. great/important/brilliant ~ Ù»Í/ϳñ¨áñ/
ings ·áñÍÁ ϳñ×»É: ÷³ÛÉáõÝ Ñ³Ûïݳ·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ. scientific ~
discontinuous [‚diskən΄tinjuəs] a Áݹѳï- ·Çï³Ï³Ý ѳÛïݳ·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ. make a ~
íáÕ, Áݹѳï, ÁݹÙÇçíáÕ: ѳÛïݳ·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ/·Ûáõï ³Ý»É. ~ of a plot
discord [΄diskɔ:d] n ï³ñ³Ó³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ý- ¹³í³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý μ³ó³Ñ³ÛïáõÙ:
ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ. the apple of ~ Ïéí³- discredit [dis΄kredit] n í³ñϳμ»ÏáõÙ, ³Ý-
ËÝÓáñ: íëï³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ, ϳëϳÍ. throw ~ on 1. ϳë-
discordance [dis΄kɔ:dns] n ï³ñ³Ó³ÛÝáõ- ϳÍÇ »ÝóñÏ»É. 2. í³ñÏÇó ½ñÏ»É:
ÃÛáõÝ, ³ÝѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ. »ñÅß. ³ÝÝ»ñ- discredit [dis΄kredit] v í³ñϳμ»Ï»É, Ñ»ÕÇ-
¹³ßݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ: ݳÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ ·ó»É. The theory is ~ed now ²Û¹
discordant [dis΄kɔ:dnt] a ³ÝѳٳӳÛÝ, ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÑÇÙ³ ϳëϳÍÇ ï³Ï ¿
³Ýѳٳå³ï³ë˳Ý, ³ÝÝ»ñ¹³ßݳÏ: ³éÝí³Í. It ~ed him ¸³ Ýñ³Ý í³ñϳμ»Ï»ó:
discount [΄diskaunt] n ½»Õã. ½»ÕãáõÙ at a ~ discreditable [dis΄kreditəbl] a í³ñϳμ»-
½»Õãáí. ~ rate ½»Õã³¹ñáõÛù: ÏÇã, ³Ýíëï³Ñ»ÉÇ:
discount [dis΄kaunt] v ½»Õã»É, ³ñÅ»½ñÏ»É. discreet [di΄skri:t] a ½·áõÛß, ßñç³Ñ³Û³ó.
Çç»óÝ»É. ÷Ëμ. ѳßíÇ ã³éÝ»É. ~ one’s opin- ËáÑ»Ù. a ~ silence ËáÑ»Ù/ßñç³Ñ³Û³ó Ééáõ-
ion ϳñÍÇùÁ ѳßíÇ ã³éÝ»É: ÃÛáõÝ:
discountenance [dis΄kauntinəns] v ѳí³- discrepancy [dis΄krepənsi] n ³ÝѳٳӳÛ-
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ãï³É. ³ç³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ óáõÛó ãï³É: ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ï³ñ³Ó³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ѳϳëáõ-
discourage [dis΄kΛridз] v íѳï»óÝ»É, Ñáõ- ÃÛáõÝ. a ~ between the opinions Ùïù»ñÇ Ñ³-
ë³Éù»É. Failure ~ed him ²ÝѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ ϳëáõÃÛáõÝ/ï³ñ³Ó³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
íѳï»óñ»ó Ýñ³Ý. I ~ed him from that job ºë discrepant [dis΄krepənt] a ѳϳë³Ï³Ý,
Ýñ³Ý Ñ»ï ϳݷݻóñÇ/ѳÙá½»óÇ ³Û¹ ³ß- ѳϳé³Ï, ï³ñμ»ñ:
˳ï³ÝùÇó: discrete [di΄skri:t] a ³Ýç³ï, ½³ï, ³é³Ý-
discouragement [dis΄kΛridзmənt] n íѳ- ÓÇÝ. ÷ÇÉ. í»ñ³ó³Ï³Ý:
ï»óáõÙ, íѳïáõÃÛáõÝ. Ñáõë³Ñ³ïáõÃÛáõÝ: discretion [di΄skre∫n] n ËáÑ»ÙáõÃÛáõÝ,
discriminate 242 disengagement

ßñç³Ñ³Û³óáõÃÛáõÝ, ½·áõßáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳۻóá- ѳÝùáí í»ñ³μ»ñí»É£


ÕáõÃÛáõÝ. the years/age of ~ ѳëáõÝ ï³ñÇù, disdain [dis΄dein] v ³ñѳٳñÑ»É, ù³Ù³Ñ-
ã³÷³Ñ³ëáõÃÛáõÝ. show ~ ÊáÑ»ÙáõÃÛáõÝ ñ»É, ³ñųݳå³ïíáõÃÛáõÝÇó ó³Íñ ѳٳ-
óáõó³μ»ñ»É. at the ~ of Ç Ñ³Û»óáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ñ»É. ~ advice ËáñÑáõñ¹Á μ³ÝÇ ï»Õ ã¹Ý»É/
act with ~ ßñç³Ñ³Û»óáñ»Ý ·áñÍ»É. I leave it ù³Ù³Ññ»É. ~ to notice ³ñųݳå³ïíáõ-
to your own ~, Use your own ~ ÂáÕÝáõÙ »Ù ùá ÃÛáõÝÇó ó³Íñ ѳٳñ»É Ýϳï»É:
ѳۻóáÕáõÃÛ³ÝÁ. surrender at ~ ѳÕÃáÕÇ disdainful [dis΄deinfl] a ³ñѳٳñѳϳÝ,
·Ã³ëñïáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ѳÝÓÝí»É: ·áéá½:
discriminate [di΄skrimineit] v ï³ñμ»ñ»É, disease [di΄zi:z] n ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ëï.
½³Ý³½³Ý»É, çáÏ»É. ËïñáõÃÛáõÝ ¹Ý»É. chronic/contagious/dangerous/fatal/profesional ~
ï³ñμ»ñ í»ñ³μ»ñÙáõÝù óáõÛó ï³É. ~ be- ùñáÝÇϳϳÝ/í³ñ³ÏÇã/íï³Ý·³íáñ/ٳѳ-
tween áñáß»É. ~ between facts ÷³ëï»ñÁ óáõ/åñáý»ëÇáÝ³É ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝ. nervous/
ï³ñμ»ñ»É, ÷³ëï»ñÇ ÙÇç¨ áñáß»É. ~ against mental ~ ÝÛ³ñ¹³ÛÇÝ/Ñá·»Ï³Ý ÑÇí³Ý¹áõ-
/in favour of ϳÝ˳ϳÉ, ϳÝ˳ϳñÍ ÃÛáõÝ. treat the ~ ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝÁ μáõÅ»É.
í»ñ³μ»ñÙáõÝù Ù»ÏÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ. ³é³í»- catch a ~ ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛ³Ùμ í³ñ³Ïí»É. suffer a
ÉáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É Ù»ÏÇÝ. ~ against women ~ ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛ³Ùμ ï³é³å»É:
ϳݳÝó ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ ËïñáõÃÛáõÝ/ï³ñ- diseased [di΄zi:zd] a ÑÇí³Ý¹. ÑÇí³Ý¹áï,
μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ ¹Ý»É: ³Ý³éáÕç. a ~ heart ÑÇí³Ý¹ ëÇñï. ÷Ëμ. ~
discriminating [di΄skrimineitiŋ] a ï³ñμ»- imagination ÑÇí³Ý¹³·ÇÝ »ñ¨³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ:
ñÇã, áñáßáÕ, ËïñáõÃÛáõÝ ¹ÝáÕ. a ~ taste å³- disembark [‚disim΄ba:k] v (ݳíÇó) ó³Í Çç-
ѳÝçÏáï ׳߳Ï. a ~ critic Ëëï³μ³ñá Ý»É, ¹áõñë ·³É. ³÷ ѳݻÉ/Çç»óÝ»É. μ»éݳ-
ùÝݳ¹³ï: ó÷»É:
discrimination [di‚skrimi΄nei∫n] n Ëïñ³- disembarkation [‚disemba:΄kei∫n] n ³÷-
ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ, çáÏáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. race/ colour/ sex ~ ѳÝáõÙ, Çç»óáõÙ. μ»éݳó÷áõÙ:
é³ë³Û³Ï³Ý/ë»é³ÛÇÝ Ëïñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. disembarrass [‚disim΄bærəs] v ß÷áÃí³Í/
(read) without ~ ( ³é³Ýó) ÁÝïñáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³ñ- Ý»Õ ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÇó ѳݻÉ:
¹³É: disembody [‚disim΄bɒdi] v é½Ù. ½áñùÁ óñ»É,
discursive [dis΄kə:siv] a ³Ýáñáß. a ~ talker ÉáõÍ»É. ÏñáÝ. Ù³ñÙݳï»É, Ù³ñÙÝÇó ³Ýç³-
³Ýáñáß Ï»ñåáí ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïíáÕ, ÙÇ Ã»Ù³- ï»É (Ñá·ÇÝ):
ÛÇó ÙÛáõëÇÝ ³ÝóÝáÕ. a ~ style ³Ýáñáß/׳- disembosom [‚disim΄buzəm] v ·³ÕïÝÇùÁ
å³Õ á×: íëï³Ñ»É. Ëáëïáí³Ý»É:
discus [΄diskəs] n ëϳí³é³Ï: disembowel [‚disimbauəl] v ÷áñáïÇùÁ ѳ-
discuss [di΄skΛs] v ùÝݳñÏ»É, íÇ׳ñÏ»É. Ý»É, ÷áñÁ Ù³ùñ»É:
ÏïÏ. ѳ×áõÛùáí áõï»É/ËÙ»É, í³Û»É»É. from disenchant [‚disin΄t∫a:nt] v Ãáíã³ÝùÇó
all angles, sides/at length/heatedly ³Ù»Ý ï»- ³½³ï»É. å³ïñ³ÝùÁ ÷³ñ³ï»É. Ñdzëó-
ë³ÝÏÛáõÝÇó/Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ/μáõéÝ Ï»ñåáí ÷»óÝ»É:
ùÝݳñÏ»É. ~ the matter/question/problem ·áñ- disenchanted [‚disin΄t∫a:ntid] a Ñdzëó÷-
ÍÁ/ ѳñóÁ/åñáμÉ»ÙÁ ùÝݳñÏ»É. ~ what’s to í³Í:
be done ùÝݳñϻɪ ÇÝã å»ïù ¿ ³ñíÇ: disenfranchise [‚disin΄frænt∫aiz] v ½ñÏ»É
discussion [di΄skΛ∫n] n ùÝݳñÏáõÙ, μ³Ý³- ù³Õ³ù³óÇ³Ï³Ý Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇó/ÁÝïñ»-
í»×, íÇ׳μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, Ùïù»ñÇ ÷á˳ݳ- Éáõ Çñ³íáõÝùÇó:
ÏáõÙ. lively/heated ~ ³ßËáõÛÅ/μáõéÝ ùÝݳñ- disengage [‚disin΄geidз] v ³½³ï(í)»É, ³ñ-
ÏáõÙ. open/hold, conduct/stop, bring to an end a Ó³Ï(í)»É. ï»Ë. ³Ýç³ï(í)»É. Ù»Ïáõë³óÝ»É.
~ μ³Ý³í»×/ùÝݳñÏáõÙ ëÏë»É/í³ñ»É/¹³- é½Ù. Ù³ñïÇó ¹áõñë ·³É:
¹³ñ»óÝ»É, ³í³ñï»É. have a ~ μ³Ý³í»×/ disengaged [‚disin΄geidзd] a ³½³ï, ³-
ùÝݳñÏáõÙ ³ÝóϳóÝ»É. the question under ~ ½³ïí³Í. ã½μ³Õí³Í. ï»Ë. ³Ýç³ïí³Í:
ùÝݳñÏíáÕ Ñ³ñó: disengagement [‚disin΄geidзmənt] n ³½³-
disdain [dis΄dein] n ³ñѳٳñѳÝù, ù³- ïáõÙ, ³½³ïáõÃÛáõÝ. ³Ýμéݳ½μáëáõÃÛáõÝ.
Ù³Ññ³Ýù. treat smb with ~ ³ñѳٳñ- ³ÙáõëݳÉáõÍáõÃÛáõÝ:
disentangle 243 dishevelled

disentangle [‚disin΄tæŋgl] v ³ñÓ³Ï(í)»É, ÉÇ ¹³éݳÉ/¹³ñÓÝ»É. ~ oneself as a woman


ù³Ï(í)»É. μ³ó ³Ý»É, μ³óí»É. ~ a knot/facts ϳݳóÇ Ñ³·áõëïáí Íåïí»É. ~ one’s inten-
/Ë××í³Í/ ѳݷáõÛóÁ ³ñӳϻÉ/μ³ó»É. tions óùóÝ»É/ùáÕ³ñÏ»É Ùï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»-
÷³ëï»ñÁ Ù»ÏÝ»É/ѳëϳݳÉ. ~ from (Ý»Õ ñÁ. ~ one’s voice Ó³ÛÝÁ ÷áË»É. There is
¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÇó) ¹áõñë ·³É/åñÍÝ»É/¹áõñë no sense ~ing the fact âÇ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ÅËï»É ³ÛÝ
μ»ñ»É: ÷³ëïÁ:
disentitle [‚disin΄taitl] v Çñ³íáõÝùÇó/ïÇï- disgust [dis΄gΛst] n ½½í³Ýù, ·³ñß³Ýù. evi-
ÕáëÇó ½ñÏ»É: dent/hidden ~ ³ÏÝѳÛï/óùÝí³Í ½½í³Ýù.
disestablishment [‚disi΄stæbli∫mənt] n »Ï»- excite ~ ½½í³Ýù ³é³ç³óÝ»É. in ~ ½½í³Ý-
Õ»óáõ ³Ýç³ïáõÙÁ å»ïáõÃÛáõÝÇó: ùáí:
disfavour [dis΄feivə] n ßÝáñѳ½ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ, disgust [dis΄gΛst] v ½½í³Ýù ³é³ç³óÝ»É,
³Ýѳí³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. fall into ~ ßÝáñѳ½áõñÏ ½½í»óÝ»É. be ~ed ½½í»É, ½½í³Ýù ½·³É. ~
smb Ù»ÏÇÝ ½½í»óÝ»É/ïÑ³× ÉÇÝ»É. His be-
ÉÇÝ»É, ³ãùÇó ÁÝÏÝ»É. regard with ~ ѳí³Ýáõ-
haviour ~ed everybody Üñ³ í³ñù³·ÇÍÁ
ÃÛáõÝ ãï³É:
μáÉáñÇÝ ½³Ûñ³óñ»ó. The very thought of it is
disfiguration [dis‚figə΄rei∫n] n ³Ûɳݹ³-
~ing ØdzÛÝ ³Û¹ ÙÇïùÝ ³ñ¹»Ý
ÏáõÙ, ³Õ³í³ÕáõÙ, ³Õ׳ïáõÙ:
½½í»ÉÇ/ÝáÕϳÉÇ ¿:
disfigure [dis΄figə] v ³Ûɳݹ³Ï»É, ³Õ³í³- disgustful [dis΄gΛstfl] a ½½í»ÉÇ, ·³ñß»ÉÇ,
Õ»É. ˻ջÉ. ÷ã³óÝ»É. His face was ~d ¸»ÙùÁ
ÝáÕϳÉÇ.
³Ûɳݹ³Ïí³Í ¿ñ. The park was ~d by the
piles of litter ²ÕμÇ ÏáõÛï»ñÁ ÷ã³óñ»É ¿ÇÝ
disgusting [dis΄gΛstiŋ] a How ~ ! ƯÝã ·³ñ-
ß³Ýù:
½μáë³Û·áõ ³ÙμáÕç ï»ëùÁ:
dish [di∫] n ëÏáõï»Õ, ³Ù³Ý. the ~es ³Ù³Ý»-
disfigurement [dis΄figəmənt] n ³ÛɳÝ- Õ»Ý. (Ï»ñ³Ïáõñ, Ï»ñ³Ïñ³ï»ë³Ï) fish/meat/
¹³ÏáõÙ, ³Õ³í³ÕáõÙ, ³Ûɳݹ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ£
cold/hot/tasty ~ ÓÏݻջÝ/Ùë»Õ»Ý/ë³éÁ/ï³ù/
disfrock [‚dis΄frɒk] v Ñá·¨áñ ³ëïÇ׳ÝÇó Ñ³Ù»Õ Ï»ñ³Ïñ³ï»ë³Ï. choose/prefer/cook
½ñÏ»É: a ~ ׳߳ï»ë³Ï ÁÝïñ»É/ݳËÁÝïñ»É/
disgrace [dis΄greis] 1. n ³Ýå³ïíáõÃÛáõÝ, å³ïñ³ëï»É. the favourite ~ ëÇñ³Í/ݳË-
˳Ûï³é³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. be a ~ to one’s family ÁÝ- ÁÝïñ³Í Ï»ñ³Ïñ³ï»ë³ÏÁ. standing ~ ûñ-
ï³ÝÇùÁ ˳Ûï³é³Ï»É. bring ~ on oneself í³ ×³ß³ï»ë³Ï (³ÝÙÇç³å»ë Ù³ïáõó-
Çñ»Ý ˳Ûï³é³Ï»É. He couldn’t face the ~ íáÕ). ~ cloth ³Ù³ÝÇ ëñμÇã:
ܳ ã¹ÇÙ³ó³í /ãϳñáÕ³ó³í ï³Ý»É/˳Û- dish [di∫] v ëÏáõï»ÕÇ Ù»ç ¹Ý»É. ~ out/up Ï»-
ï³é³ÏáõÃÛ³ÝÁ. indelible ~ ³ÝçÝç»ÉÇ Ë³Û- ñ³ÏáõñÁ Ù³ïáõó»É/μ³Å³Ý»É. ~ out/up the
ï³é³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. (ßÝáñѳ½ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ) be in ~ soup/meat ³ñ·³Ý³ÏÁ ÉóÝ»É. ÙÇëÁ μ³Å³-
ßÝáñѳ½ñÏí³Í/³ãùÇó ÁÝÏ³Í ÉÇÝ»É. The Ý»É/¹Ý»É. ~ up other people’s ideas ÷Ëμ.,
child is in ~ ºñ»Ë³Ý Çñ»Ý í³ï ¿ å³Ñ»É. 2. ËëÏó. áõñÇßÇ Ùïù»ñÁ áñå»ë Çñ»ÝÁ Ý»ñϳ-
v ˳Ûï³é³Ï»É, ³Ýå³ïí»É: Û³óÝ»É. (ï³É, Ññ³ÙóÝ»É) ~ out ten dol. each
disgraceful [dis΄greisfl] a ˳Ûï³é³Ï, ³Ùá- holiday ³Ù»Ý ïáÝÇÝ ï³ëÁ ¹áÉ. ï³É. (˳é-
óÉÇ. ³Ý³ñ·³Ï³Ý, ³Ý³½ÝÇí: Ý»É, ÷ã³óÝ»É). That will ~ him ¸³ Ýñ³Ý
disgruntled [dis΄grΛntlid] a ¹Å·áÑ, ½³Ûñ³- ÏÏáñͳÝÇ. That ~ed our plans ¸³ Ù»ñ
ó³Í, çÕ³Ûݳó³Í. ~ with children »ñ»Ë³Ý»- Íñ³·ñ»ñÁ ˳éÝ»ó/÷ã³óñ»ó:
ñÇ íñ³ ½³Ûñ³ó³Í. be~/in no mood í³ï dishabituate [‚dishə΄bitjueit] v ëáíáñáõ-
ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É: ÃÛáõÝÁ Ùáé³óÝ»É ï³É:
disguise [dis΄gaiz] n ÍåïáõÙ, ùáÕ³ñÏáõÙ. in disharmonious [‚disha:΄məuniəs] a ³ÝÝ»ñ-
~ ÍåïÛ³É. Ï»ÕÍí³Í ³ñï³ùÇÝáí. a compli- ¹³ßݳÏ, ³Ýѳٳå³ï³ë˳Ý:
ment in ~ óùÝí³Í/ùáÕ³ñÏí³Í ѳ×áÛ³- disharmony [dis΄ha:məni] n ³ÝÝ»ñ¹³ß-
ËáëáõÃÛáõÝ. make a ~ of one’s feelings ½·³ó- ݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ÝѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÙáõÝùÝ»ñÁ óùóÝ»É/ùáÕ³ñÏ»É. a blessing in dishearten [dis΄ha:tn] v Ñáõë³Ñ³ï»óÝ»É,
~ ãϳ ã³ñÇù ³é³Ýó μ³ñÇùÇ: íѳï»óÝ»É. Don’t be ~ed! ØÇ° íѳïíÇñ:
disguise [dis΄gaiz] v ùáÕ³ñÏ(í)»É, Íåï(í)»É dishevelled [di΄∫evld] a ·½·½í³Í, Ë××í³Í.
(ݳ¨ª é½Ù.) óùóÝ»É, óùÝí»É. ³Ý׳ݳã»- be/get ~ ·½·½í»É, Ë××í»É (Ù³½»ñÁ):
dishonest 244 dismantle

dishonest [dis΄ɒnist] a ³Ý³½ÝÇí, ˳ñ¹³Ë. disinterested [dis΄intrəstid] a ³Ý߳ѳ-


³Ýμ³ñ»ËÇÕ×. ~ means ³Ý³½ÝÇí/˳ñ¹³Ë ËݹÇñ, ³Ý߳ѳë»ñ. ³Ýï³ñμ»ñ. áñ¨¿ μ³-
ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ: Ýáí ãÑ»ï³ùñùñíáÕ. ~ kindness ³Ý߳ѳë»ñ
dishonesty [dis΄ɒnəsti] n ³Ý³½ÝíáõÃÛáõÝ, μ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
˳ñ¹³ËáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ýμ³ñ»ËÕ×áõÃÛáõÝ: disinterestedness [di΄sintrəstidnəs] n ³Ý-
dishonour [dis΄ɒnə]1. n ³Ýå³ïíáõÃÛáõÝ, ߳ѳËݹñáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ý߳ѳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ:
˳Ûï³é³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. 2. v ³Ýå³ïí»É, disject [dis΄dзekt] v ß³Õ/óñÇí ï³É, óÇñáõ-
³Ý³ñ·»É, ˳Ûï³é³Ï»É. ~ a cheque Çñ³í. ó³Ý ³Ý»É:
í׳ñ³·ÇñÁ ³ñѳٳñÑ»É: disjoin [dis΄dзɔin] v ³Ýç³ï»É, μ³Å³Ý»É:
dishonourable [dis΄ɒnərəbl] a ³Ýå³ïÇí, disjoint [dis΄dзɔint] v Ù³ëݳï»É, ³Ý¹³Ù³-
³Ý³ñ· ³Ý³½ÝÇí. ˳Ûï³é³Ï. ~ conduct ï»É. μ³Å³Ý-μ³Å³Ý ³Ý»É:
˳Ûï³é³Ï í³ñù/í³ñÙáõÝù: disjointed [dis΄dзɔintid] a Ù³ëݳïí³Í,
dishrag [΄di∫ræg] n ³Ù³ÝÝ»ñÁ ãáñ³óÝ»Éáõ ³Ý¹³Ù³ïí³Í. Ñṳ˳Ëïí³Í. ÷Ëμ.
¹³ñ³Ï/ó³Ýó: ³Ýϳå (Ëáëù):
dish-washer [΄di∫wɒ∫ə] n ³Ù³Ý Éí³Ý³Éáõ disjunction [dis΄dзΛŋk∫n] n μ³Å³ÝáõÙ,
ë³ñù/ѳñÙ³ñ³Ýù/Ù»ù»Ý³: ³Ýç³ïáõÙ:
dish-water [΄di∫wɔ:tə] n ³Ù³ÝÉí³ó³çáõñ: disjunctive [dis΄dзΛŋktiv] a ³Ýç³ïÇã,
disillusion [‚disi΄lu:зn]1.n Ñdzëó÷áõ- ïñáÑÇã. ù»ñ. ïñáѳϳÝ/μ³Å³Ý³Ï³Ý
ÃÛáõÝ: 2. v Ñdzëó÷»óÝ»É, å³ïñ³ÝùÝ»ñÁ ß³Õϳå:
Ëáñï³Ï»É: disk [disk] n ëϳí³é³Ï, ßñç³Ý:
disillusioned [‚disi΄lu:зnd] a Ñdzëó÷- dislike [dis΄laik] v ãëÇñ»É, ³Ýμ³ñÛ³ó³Ï³Ù
í³Í. be ~ Ñdzëó÷í»É. be ~ with smb ÉÇÝ»É, ³ï»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ ï³Í»É. ~ each other ÙÇÙ-
Ù»ÏÇó Ñdzëó÷í»É: Û³Ýó ãëÇñ»É. ~ one’s manner í³ñí»É³Ó¨Á
disinclination [‚disinkli΄nei∫n] n ѳÏí³Í ãѳí³Ý»É£
ãÉÇÝ»ÉÁ, ³Ýïñ³Ù³¹Çñ ÉÇÝ»ÉÁ. ~ to meet the dislike [dis΄laik] n ³ï»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ, ËáñßáõÙ,
people ³Ýïñ³Ù³¹Çñ ÉÇÝ»É Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó ï»ë- ѳϳÏñ³Ýù. likes and ~s ѳٳÏñ³Ýù ¨
Ý»É: ѳϳÏñ³Ýù. mutual ~÷á˳¹³ñÓ Ñ³Ï³-
disincline [‚disin΄klain] v ó³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ïñ³Ýù:
Ù»éóÝ»É. be ~d ѳÏí³Í ãÉÇÝ»É, ³Ýïñ³Ù³- dislocate [΄disləkeit] v Ñṳ˳Ëï»É, ˳Ë-
¹Çñ ÉÇÝ»É: ï»É, ï»Õ³ß³ñÅ»É:
disinclined [‚disin΄klaind] a ³Ýïñ³Ù³¹Çñ, dislocation [‚dislə΄kei∫n] n μÅßÏ. Ñṳ˳Ë-
ãáõ½»Ý³É, ѳí»ë ãáõݻݳÉ. ~ to work ³ß- ïáõÙ:
˳ï»Éáõ ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ãáõݻݳÉ: dislodge [dis΄lɒdз] v ï»Õ³Ñ³Ý ³Ý»É, Ñ»-
disinfect [‚disin΄fekt] v ³Ëï³Ñ³Ý»É: é³óÝ»É. ~ a stone from the wall ù³ñÁ å³ïÇó
disinfectant [‚disin΄fektənt] a, n ³Ëï³Ñ³- ï»Õ³Ñ³Ý ³Ý»É. ~ the enemy from their posi-
ÝáÕ. ³Ëï³Ñ³ÝÇã ÙÇçáó: tion ÃßݳÙáõÝ Çñ ¹Çñù»ñÇó Ñ»é³óÝ»É/ï»-
disinfection [‚disin΄fek∫n] n ³Ëï³Ñ³ÝáõÙ, Õ³Ñ³Ý ³Ý»É:
³Ëï³Ñ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: disloyal [dis΄lɔiəl] a ³Ýѳí³ï³ñÇÙ, ³Ý-
disinherit [‚disin΄herit] v ųé³Ý·áõÃÛáõÝÇó íëï³Ñ»ÉÇ, ݻݷ:
½ñÏ»É: disloyalty [dis΄lɔiəlti] n ³Ýѳí³ï³ñÙáõ-
disinheritance [‚disin΄heritəns] n ųé³Ý- ÃÛáõÝ, ¹³í³×³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
·áõÃÛáõÝÇó ½ñÏ»ÉÁ: dismal [΄dizməl] a Ùé³ÛÉ, ïËáõñ, íßï³ÉÇ,
disintegrate [dis΄intigreit] v Ù³ëݳï»É, ã³ñ³·áõß³Ï. in a ~ voice Ùé³ÛÉ Ó³ÛÝáí. The
Ù³Ýñ³ï»É, ù³Ûù³Û»É, ÷Éáõ½í»É. ³ÙμáÕçÁ future looks ~ ²å³·³Ý Ùé³ÛÉ ¿ ÃíáõÙ. ~
μ³ÕϳóáõóÇã Ù³ë»ñÇ μ³Å³Ý»É: weather Ùé³ÛÉ »Õ³Ý³Ï. ~ mood Ùé³ÛÉ/ÁÝ-
disintegration [dis‚inti΄grei∫n] n ù³Ûù³- ÏÁ×í³Í ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ expression
ÛáõÙ, ÷Éáõ½áõÙ: Ùé³ÛÉ ¹»Ùù/³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÃáõÝ:
disinter [‚disin΄tə:] v ·»ñ»½Ù³ÝÇó/ÑáÕÇó dismantle [dis΄mæntl] v ù³Ý¹»É, ½Çݳó-
ѳݻÉ: ÷»É. ~ a battleship/an engine/a car Ù³ë»ñÇ μ³-
dismay 245 dispatch

Å³Ý»É ½ñ³Ñ³Ý³íÁ/ß³ñÅÇãÁ/Ù»ù»Ý³Ý: ³Ý½áõëå) ~ conduct ϳñ·³½³Ýó í³ñù. a ~


dismay [dis΄mei] 1. v í³Ë»óÝ»É, ³Ñ³μ»Ï»É. room ÷ÝÃÇ ë»ÝÛ³Ï. a ~ crowd ˳éݳß÷áÃ
ß÷áûóÝ»É, íѳï»óÝ»É. be ~ed ß÷áÃí»É, ³ÙμáË. 2. adv ³ÝϳÝáÝ Ï»ñåáí, ³Ýϳñ-
í³Ë»Ý³É, ³Ýѳݷëï³Ý³É. 2. n ³Ý- ·³μ³ñ:
ѳݷëïáõÃÛáõÝ, ﳷݳå. in ~ ³Ý- disorganization [‚disɔ:gənai΄zei∫n] n ϳ½-
ѳݷëï³ó³Í. a general ~ ѳÙÁݹѳÝáõñ Ù³ÉáõÍáõÙ, ³Ýϳñ·áõÃÛáõÝ. in a state of ~
³ÝѳݷëïáõÃÛáõÝ/ ﳷݳå/ /ß÷áÃÙáõÝù: ³Ýϳñ· íÇ׳ÏáõÙ:
dismember [dis΄membə] v ³Ý¹³Ù³ï»É, disorganize [dis΄ɔ:gənaiz] v ϳ½Ù³ÉáõÍ»É,
Ù³ëݳï»É. μ³Å³Ý»É: ù³Ûù³Û»É, ˳ݷ³ñ»É:
dismiss [dis΄mis] v ³ñӳϻÉ, μ³ó ÃáÕÝ»É, disorganized [dis΄ɔ:gənaizd] a ³Ýϳ½Ù³-
óñ»É. Ñ»é³óÝ»É, íéݹ»É. ~ from the post Ï»ñå, ³Ýϳñ·. a ~ character ³Ýϳ½Ù³-
å³ßïáÝÇó Ñ»é³óí»É. ~ from army μ³Ý³- Ï»ñå Ù³ñ¹. The timetable is ~ ijٳï³Ë-
ÏÇó ½áñ³óñ»É. ~ the class ³ß³Ï»ñïÝ»ñÇÝ ï³ÏÁ ˳Ëïí³Í ¿:
μ³ó ÃáÕÝ»É. ~ the meeting ÅáÕáíÁ óñ»É. You disown [dis΄əun] v ã׳ݳã»É, ãÁݹáõÝ»É,
are ~ed γñáÕ »ù ·Ý³É. ~ the case Çñ³í. Ññ³Å³ñí»É. He ~s his friend ܳ Ññ³-
ѳÛóÁ Ù»ñÅ»É. ·áñÍÁ ϳñ×»É. ~ an appeal ųñíáõÙ ¿ Çñ ÁÝÏ»ñáçÇó. He ~ed the pistol
Ù»ñÅ»É í×é³μ»Ï ·³Ý·³ïÁ. (í³Ý»É, Çñ»- ܳ ÅËï»ó ³ÛÝ ÷³ëïÁ/âÁݹáõÝ»ó, áñ ¹³
ÝÇó Ñ»é³óÝ»É) ~ doubts ϳëϳÍÝ»ñÁ í³- Çñ ³ïñ׳ݳÏÝ ¿:
Ý»É. ~ the subject ѳñóÇ ùÝݳñÏáõÙÁ ¹³¹³- disparage [di΄spæridз] v Ýë»Ù³óÝ»É, ûñ³-
ñ»óÝ»É: ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É. ³ñѳٳñѳÝùáí Ëáë»É:
dismissal [dis΄misl] (ݳ¨ª dismission) n disparaging [di΄spæridзiŋ] ³ñѳٳñѳ-
³ñÓ³ÏáõÙ, Ñ»é³óáõÙ, íï³ñáõÙ. Çñ»ÝÇó ϳÝ, Ýë»Ù³óÝáÕ:
í³Ý»ÉÁ. Ù»ñÅáõÙ: disparate [΄dispərət] a ³Ýѳٳã³÷»ÉÇ,
dismount [dis΄maunt] v ÓÇáõó ÇçÝ»É/í³Ûñ ³Ýѳٳï»Õ»ÉÇ. ³Ýѳٳå³ï³ë˳Ý:
·ó»É. í»ñóÝ»É/Ñ³Ý»É å³ïí³Ý¹³ÝÇ íñ³- disparity [dis΄pærəti] n ³Ýѳí³ë³ñáõ-
ÛÇó. ~ from a horse/bysicle ÓÇáõó/ѻͳÝíÇó ÃÛáõÝ, ³Ýѳٳã³÷áõÃÛáõÝ. ~ in rank/years
ÇçÝ»É: ³ëïÇ׳ÝÇ/ï³ñÇù³ÛÇÝ ï³ñμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~
disobedience [‚disə΄bi:diəns] n ³ÝÑݳ½³Ý- in description Ýϳñ³·ñáõÃÛ³Ý/Ýϳñ³·Áñ-
¹áõÃÛáõÝ, ãÑݳ½³Ý¹í»ÉÁ: Ù³Ý ï³ñμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
disobedient [‚disə΄bi:diənt] a ³ÝÑݳ½³Ý¹, dispart [dis΄pa:t] v μ³Å³Ý(í)»É:
ãÉëáÕ: dispatch [di΄spæt∫]1. n ³é³ùáõÙ, áõÕ³ñ-
disobey [‚disə΄bei] v ãÑݳ½³Ý¹í»É, ³ÝÑݳ- ÏáõÙ. ÷Ëμ. ëå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ٳѳå³ïÇÅ. the
½³Ý¹ ·ïÝí»É. ~ an order Ññ³Ù³ÝÁ ãϳï³- ~ of a letter/troops ݳٳÏÇ ³é³ùáõÙ, áõ-
ñ»É. ~ one’s parents ÍÝáÕÝ»ñÇÝ ãÉë»É/ãÑݳ- Õ³ñÏáõÙ. ½áñù»ñÇ áõÕ³ñÏáõÙ. ~ department
½³Ý¹í»É: ³é³ùÙ³Ý μ³ÅÇÝ. ~ station »ñÏÃ. ³é³ùÙ³Ý
disoblige [‚disə΄blaidз] v ѳßíÇ ã³éÝ»É. áã ϳ۳Ý. (ѳÕáñ¹áõÙ, ׻峷Çñ) receive a ~
ëÇñ³ÉÇñ ·ïÝí»É. ëñïÝ»ÕáõÃÛáõÝ å³ï׳- from ѳÕáñ¹áõÙ ëï³Ý³É. mentioned in ~es
é»É: é½Ù. Ññ³Ù³ÝáõÙ ÑÇß³ï³Ïí³Í/Ýßí³Í. ~
disobliging [‚disə΄blaidзiŋ] a áã ëÇñ³ÉÇñ. rider ÙáïáóÇÏɳíáñ ϳå³íáñ. 2. adv with
disobligingly [‚disə΄blaidзiŋli] adv ³ÝëÇñ³- ~ ³ñ³·áõÃÛ³Ùμ:
ÉÇñ Ï»ñåáí: dispatch [di΄spæt∫] v áõÕ³ñÏ»É, ³é³ù»É. ~ a
disorder [dis΄ɔ:də] n ³Ýϳñ·áõÃÛáõÝ, ˳é- telegram/parcel ѻ鳷Çñ/÷³Ã»Ã áõÕ³ñÏ»É.
ݳß÷áÃ. ~s ËéáíáõÃÛáõÝ. civil ~s ù³Õ³ù³- ~ smb on an errand ѳÝÓݳñ³ñ³Ï³Ýáí áõ-
óÇ³Ï³Ý ËéáíáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. mental ~ Ñá·»- Õ³ñÏ»É. (ѳçáÕ»óÝ»É, ·ÉáõË μ»ñ»É) The
Ï³Ý Ë³Ý·³ñáõÙ. sleep ~ ³ÝϳÝáÝ ùáõÝ, matter was quickly ~ed гñóÝ ³ñ³· ÉáõÍí»ó,
˳ݷ³ñáõÙ. μÅßÏ. a stomach ~ ëï³ÙáùëÇ ¶áñÍÁ ·ÉáõË μ»ñí»ó. ~ one’s dinner ËëÏó.
˳ݷ³ñáõÙ: ׳ßÝ ³ñ³· áõï»É/ÏáõÉ ï³É. ËëÏó. ³ÛÝ
disorderly [dis΄ɔ:dəli]1. a ³Ýϳñ·, ˳é- ³ß˳ñÑ áõÕ³ñÏ»É. He ~ed the wounded horse
ݳß÷áÃ. ³Ý÷áõÛÃ, ÷ÝÃÇ. (ë³ÝÓ³ñÓ³Ï, ܳ ëå³Ý»ó íÇñ³íáñ ÓÇáõÝ:
dispatcher 246 disposal

dispatcher [di΄spæt∫ə] n ³é³ùÇã, ¹Çëå»ï- ship of 5000 tons ~ 5000 ïáÝݳ çñ³ï³-
ã»ñ£ ñáÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ ݳí:
dispel [di΄spel] v óñ»É, ùß»É, ÷³ñ³ï(í)»É. display [dis΄plei] 1. n óáõó³¹ñáõÙ, óáõó³-
The wind ~ed the clouds ø³ÙÇÝ ùß»ó/óñ»ó ѳݹ»ë, ¹ñë¨áñáõÙ. a ~ of goods/flowers
³Ùå»ñÁ. ~ gloom/illusions ÷Ëμ. Ùé³ÛÉ ïñ³- ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ/ͳÕÇÏÝ»ñÇ óáõó³Ñ³Ý¹»ë. a
Ù³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ, å³ïñ³ÝùÝ»ñÁ óñ»É. ~ fashion ~ Ýáñ³Ó¨áõÃÛ³Ý óáõó³¹ñáõÙ. a ~ of
doubts ϳëϳÍÝ»ñÁ ÷³ñ³ï»É: feeling/bad temper ½·³óÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ/½³ÛñáõÛ-
dispensable [di΄spensəbl] a áã å³ñï³¹Çñ: ÃÇ ¹ñë¨áñáõÙ. make great ~ of smth å³ñÍ»-
dispensary [di΄spensəri] n ¹»Õ³ïáõÝ (ݳ¨ª ݳÉ, Ç óáõÛó ѳݻÉ, ѳݹ»ë μ»ñ»É. a mere ~
ÑÇí³Ý¹³ÝáóáõÙ). ³Ù. ³Ùμáõɳïáñdz, å³ñ½³å»ë Ç óáõÛó Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó ³ñí³Í 2.
μáõųñ³Ý: adv He did it for ~ ܳ ¹³ Ç óáõÛó ³ñ»ó/¹ñ»ó:
dispensation [‚dispən΄sei∫n] n μ³ßËáõÙ, display [dis΄plei] v óáõó³¹ñ»É, óáõó³μ»ñ»É,
μ³Å³ÝáõÙ. ³½³ïáõÙ å³ñï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ- ¹ñë¨áñ»É. ѳݹ»ë μ»ñ»É. ~ courage/commom
Ý»ñÇó/áõËïÇó. special ~ ѳïáõÏ ÃáõÛÉïíáõ- sense/character Ëǽ³ËáõÃÛáõÝ/³éáÕç ¹³-
ÃÛáõÝ. ~ of justice ³ñ¹³ñ³¹³ïáõÃÛ³Ý Çñ³- ïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ/μݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ óáõó³μ»ñ»É. ~
·áñÍáõÙ. by a ~ of providence ݳ˳Ëݳ- bad temper μáñμáùí»É, ½³ÛñáõÛÃáí μéÝÏí»É.
ÙáõÃÛ³Ý/μ³ËïÇ Ï³Ùùáí: ~ goods /exhibits ³åñ³Ýù/ÝÙáõßÝ»ñ óáõó³¹-
dispense [di΄spens] v μ³ßË»É, μ³Å³Ý»É. ~ ñ»É. ~ national flag ³½·³ÛÇÝ ¹ñáßÁ ϳ˻É.
food to the refugees ÷³Ëëï³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇÝ ~ in the shop window óáõó³÷»ÕÏáõÙ óáõó³¹-
ëÝáõݹ μ³Å³Ý»É. ~ justice ³ñ¹³ñ³¹³ïáõ- ñ»É. ~ no sign áã ÙÇ Ýß³Ý óáõÛó ãï³É. ~ one’s
ÃÛáõÝ (Çñ³)·áñÍ»É. ~ a prescription μÅßÏ. ignorance ï·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ç óáõÛó ¹Ý»É:
¹»ÕÁ å³ïñ³ëï»É ¨ μ³Å³Ý»É. ~ with Ûáɳ displease [dis΄pli:z] v μ³ñϳóÝ»É, ½³Ûñ³ó-
·Ý³É. ~ with domestic help ³é³Ýó ï³Ý ³ß- Ý»É, íßï³óÝ»É. ¹áõñ ã·³É, ïÑ³× ÉÇÝ»É. His
˳ïáÕÇ Ûáɳ ·Ý³É. Let’s ~ with formality behaviour ~d me Üñ³ í³ñí»É³Ï»ñåÁ ÇÝÓ
ºÏ»ù ÙÇ ÏáÕÙ ¹Ý»Ýù Ó¨³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ: ¹áõñ ã»Ï³í. be ~d at one’s ignorance Ù»ÏÇ
dispenser [ dis΄pensə] n ¹»Õ³·áñÍ: ï·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝÇó ïѳ×áõÃÛáõÝ ½·³É/½³Ûñ³-
dispeople [‚dis΄pi:pl] v ³ÝÙ³ñ¹³μÝ³Ï Ý³É. ~ one’s mother Ù³ÛñÇÏÇÝ íßï³óÝ»É. be
¹³ñÓÝ»É, ³Ù³Û³óÝ»É: ~d with oneself íßï³Ý³É, Çñ íñ³ μ³ñϳ-
dispersal [di΄spə:sl] n óñáõÙ, óñ»ÉÁ, ³å³- ݳÉ:
Ï»ÝïñáݳóáõÙ: displeased [dis΄pli:zd] a ¹Å·áÑ:
disperse [di΄spə:s] v óñ»É, óÇñáõó³Ý ³Ý»É. displeasing [dis΄pli:ziŋ] a ïѳ×, ³Ý³ËáñÅ,
~ the crowd ³ÙμáËÁ óñ»É. ~ the clouds ³Ù- áã ¹áõñ»Ï³Ý:
å»ñÁ óñ»É/ùß»É. (³ÝÑ»ï³Ý³É, ÷³ñ³ïí»É) displeasure [dis΄pleзə] n ¹Å·áÑáõÃÛáõÝ,
The fog ~d سé³ËáõÕÝ ³ÝÑ»ï³ó³í: ³Ý³ËáñÅáõÃÛáõÝ. ³Ýμ³í³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ³-
dispersion [di΄spə:∫n] n óñáõÙ, óñÇí ·³ÉÁ. ݳËáñÅáõÃÛáõÝ. be in ~ ßÝáñѳ½ñÏí³Í ÉÇ-
ýǽ., ùÇÙ. ¹Çëå»ñëdz: Ý»É, Ù»ÏÇ ³ãùÇó ÁÝÏÝ»É. incur smb’s ~ Ù»ÏÇ
dispersive [di΄spə:siv] a óñáÕ, ï³ñ³ÍáÕ£ Ùáï ¹Å·áÑáõÃÛáõÝ ³é³ç³óÝ»É:
dispirit [di΄spirit] v íѳï»óÝ»É, ÁÝÏ×»É: disposable [di΄spəuzəbl] n ÙdzÝí³· û·ï³-
dispirited [di΄spiritid] a ÁÝÏ×í³Í, íѳï- ·áñÍíáÕ. ~ handkerchiefs ÃÕû ³ÝÓ»éáóÇÏ.
í³Í: ~ syringe ÙdzÝí³· Ý»ñ³ñÏÇã/ßåñÇó:
displace [dis΄pleis] v ï»Õ³÷áË»É, ï»Õ³- disposal [di΄spəuzl] n ½»ï»ÕáõÙ, ¹³ë³íá-
ß³ñÅ»É. The books are ~d ¶ñù»ñÁ ï»Õ³- ñáõÙ, ï»Õ³íáñáõÙ. the ~ of houses ïÝ»ñÇ
ß³ñÅí³Í »Ý. ~d persons ï»Õ³Ñ³Ýí³Í/ ¹³ë³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ/ïÝûñÇÝáõÙÁ. ³½³ïí»-
μݳϳ÷áË ³ÝÓÇÝù. (÷á˳ñÇÝ»É, ï»ÕÁ ÉÁ, áãÝã³óáõÙÁ. the ~ of rubbish/radioactive
·ñ³í»É) The chairman was ~d ܳ˳·³ÑÇÝ waste ³ÕμÇó ³½³ïí»ÉÁ, é³¹Çá³ÏïÇí
÷á˳ñÇÝ»óÇÝ: ó÷áÝÇ áãÝã³óáõÙÁ. the ~ of property ë»-
displacement [dis΄pleismənt] n ï»Õ³÷á- ÷³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ÷á˳ÝóáõÙ/í³×³éù. at
ËáõÙ, ÷á˳ñÇÝáõÙ. å³ßïáݳÝÏ ³Ý»ÉÁ. one’s/smb’s ~ Ù»ÏÇ ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï.
(ݳíÇ) çñ³ï³ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, çñ³Í³í³É. a I’m at your ~ ºë Ó»ñ ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï
dispose 247 disrepute

»Ù. I’ve got some extra tickets at my ~ ºë ÙÇ dispute [di΄spju:t] n μ³Ý³í»×, ¹Çëåáõï.
ù³ÝÇ ³í»Éáñ¹ ïáÙë áõݻ٠ÇÙ ïñ³Ù³¹- beyond ~ ³ÝϳëϳÍ, ³ÝíÇ×»ÉÇáñ»Ý. (í»×)
ñáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï. We have 10 min at our ~ Ø»ñ industrial ~ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳμ»ñ³Ï³Ý í»×/íÇ׳-
ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï 10 ñáå» Ï³. put/ μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. a matter of ~ íÇ×»ÉÇ Ñ³ñó. a
place smth at smb’s ~ áñ¨¿ μ³Ý Ù»ÏÇ ïñ³- matter in ~ í»×Ç ³é³ñϳ. settle a ~ í»×Á/
Ù³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï ¹Ý»É: ѳñóÁ ϳñ·³íáñ»É:
dispose [di΄spəuz] v ï»Õ³íáñ»É, ½»ï»Õ»É, dispute [di΄spju:t] v ùÝݳñÏ»É, μ³Ý³í»×
¹³ë³íáñ»É. ~ shelves ¹³ñ³ÏÝ»ñÁ ¹³ë³- ÙÕ»É. ~ a question ѳñó ùÝݳñÏ»É. (íÇ×»É,
íáñ»É. be ~d ïñ³Ù³¹Çñ ÉÇÝ»É, ɳí í»ñ³- íÇ׳μ³Ý»É. ѳϳ׳é»É). ~ with/against
μ»ñí»É. He is well ~d to us ܳ Ù»ñ Ýϳï- smb about/over smth Ù»ÏÇ Ñ»ï ÙÇ μ³ÝÇ ßáõñç
Ù³Ùμ É³í ¿ ïñ³Ù³¹ñí³Í. I’m ~d to accept íÇ×»É. (ϳëϳÍÇ »ÝóñÏ»É) ~ a decision/
ºë ïñ³Ù³¹Çñ »Ù ÁݹáõÝ»Éáõ. Man proposes fact/an election result áñáßáõÙÁ/÷³ëïÁ/ÁÝï-
God ~s, سñ¹Á ݳ˳ï»ëáõÙ ¿, ²ëïí³Íª ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁ ϳëϳÍÇ »Ýóñ-
ϳÝ˳ï»ëáõÙ. (³½³ïí»É, Ñ»é³óÝ»É, Ï»É:
ûï³ñ»É) ~ of rubbish ³ÕμÁ ó÷»É/³Ûñ»É. ~ disqualification [dis‚kwɒlifi΄kei∫n] n áñ³-
of one’s house ïáõÝÁ í³×³é»É. ~ of one’s ϳ½ñÏáõÙ, áñ³Ï³íáñÙ³Ý Ïáñáõëï. ½ñÏáõÙ
enemies ÃßݳÙÇÝ»ñÇÝ í»ñ³óÝ»É. ~ of argu- Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇó:
ments ÷³ëï³ñÏÝ»ñÁ ÅËï»É. (ïÝûñÇÝ»É, disqualif/y [dis΄kwɒlifai] v áñ³Ï³½ñÏ»É,
ϳñ·³íáñ»É). I ~d of children today ²Ûëûñ »ë ³å³áñ³Ï³íáñ»É. ³Ýå»ïù/ ³ÝÁݹáõݳÏ
ϳñ·³íáñ»óÇ »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñÇ Ñ³ñóÁ: ׳ݳã»É/¹³ñÓÝ»É. The football team was ~ied
disposition [‚dispə΄zi∫n] n ¹³ë³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. ýáõïμáÉÇ ÃÇÙÁ áñ³Ï³½ñÏí»ó. His eyesight
the ~ of the rooms ë»ÝÛ³ÏÝ»ñÇ ¹³ë³íáñáõ- ~ied him for military service ì³ï ï»ëáÕáõ-
ÃÛáõÝÁ. é½Ù. ï»Õ³¹ñáõÙ, ¹Çëåá½Çódz. the ÃÛ³Ý å³ï׳éáí ݳ áã åÇï³ÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ-
~ of the troops ½áñù»ñÇ ï»Õ³¹ñáõÙÁ. Çñ³í. í»ó ½ÇÝͳé³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ:
ë»÷³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ÷á˳ÝóáõÙ right of ~ disquiet [dis΄kwaiət]1. n ³ÝѳݷëïáõÃÛáõÝ,
ïÝûñÇÝÙ³Ý Çñ³íáõÝù. (ѳÏáõÙ, ѳÏí³- Ñáõ½ÙáõÝù. 2. v ³Ýѳݷëï³óÝ»É, Ñáõ½»É:
ÍáõÃÛáõÝ) have a cheerful/gloomy ~ áõñ³Ë/ disquietude [dis΄kwaiətju:d] n ³ÝѳݷÁë-
³ßËáõÛÅ/Ùé³ÛÉ μݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ/ ïáõÃÛáõÝ, Ñáõ½ÙáõÝù:
ï»ñ ÉÇÝ»É. social ~ Ù³ñ¹³Ùáï μݳíáñáõ- disquieting [dis΄kwaiətiŋ] a ³Ýѳݷëï³ó-
ÃÛáõÝ: ÝáÕ. ~ news ³Ýѳݷëï³óÝáÕ Éáõñ»ñ:
dispossess [‚dispə΄zes] v ûï³ñ»É, íï³ñ»É. disrank [dis΄ræŋk] v ³ëïÇ׳ݳ½ñÏ»É,
~ of one’s property ë»÷³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Çñ³- å³ßïáÝÝ Çç»óÝ»É:
íáõÝùÇó ½ñÏ»É: disregard [‚disri΄ga:d] v áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ
dispossession [‚dispə΄ze∫n] n ë»÷³Ï³Ýáõ- ã¹³ñÓÝ»É. ѳßíÇ ã³éÝ»É. ³Ýï»ë»É. ~ one’s
advice ËáñÑáõñ¹Á ѳßíÇ ã³éÝ»É/³Ýï»ë»É.
ÃÛ³Ý ûï³ñáõÙ. íï³ñáõÙ:
~ the warning ½·áõß³óáõÙÝ ³Ýï»ë»É,
dispraise [dis΄preiz] v å³ñë³í»É, Ïßï³Ù-
áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ã¹³ñÓÝ»É:
μ»É, ݳ˳ï»É:
disproof [dis΄pru:f] n Ñ»ñùáõÙ: disrepair [‚disri΄peə] n ³Ýë³ñù/í³ï íÇ-
׳Ï. The building was in ~ Þ»ÝùÝ ³Ýë³ñù
disproportion [‚disprə΄pɔ:∫n] n ³Ýѳٳ- íÇ׳ÏáõÙ ¿ñ. fall into ~ ÑݳݳÉ, ˳ñËÉí»É:
ã³÷áõÃÛáõÝ:
disproportionate [‚disprə΄pɔ:∫nət] a ³Ý- disreputable [dis΄repjutəbl] a í³ï³Ñ³Ù-
μ³í. í³ñϳμ»ÏÇã. ³Ýå³ñÏ»ßï, ³Ýí³Û»-
ѳٳã³÷, ³ÝѳٳٳëݳϳÝ. The pay is
Éáõã. a ~ looking fellow ϳëϳͻÉÇ ïÇå. a ~
~ to the work done γï³ñí³Í ³ß˳-
pub í³ï³Ñ³Ùμ³í ·ÇÝ»ïáõÝ. be too ~ ß³ï
ï³ÝùÁ ¨ í³ñÓ³ïñáõÙÁ ³Ýѳٳã³÷ »Ý:
³ÝÑñ³åáõÛñ ï»ëù áõݻݳÉ. a ~ coat Ñݳ-
disprove [dis΄pru:v] v Ñ»ñù»É: Ù³ß/Ù³ßí³Í í»ñ³ñÏáõ:
disputable [di΄spju:təbl] a íÇ×»ÉÇ. It’s ~ disrepute [‚disri΄pju:t] n í³ï ѳÙμ³í. fall
whether... ¸³ ¹»é ѳñó ¿, ³ñ¹Ûáù..£ into ~ í³ï ѳÙμ³í Ó»éù μ»ñ»É. bring smb/
disputant [di΄spju:tnt] n μ³Ý³í»×Ç Ù³ë- smth into ~ Ù»ÏÇÝ /ÙÇ μ³ÝÇ íñ³ í³ï ѳÙ-
ݳÏÇó, íÇ×áÕ: μ³í ѳñáõó»É£
disrespect 248 dissociate

disrespect [‚disri΄spekt] n ³Ýѳñ·³ÉÇó í»- ³ÝѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ. å³é³ÏïáõÙ:


ñ³μ»ñÙáõÝù. ѳñ·³ÝùÇ μ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ. dissent [di΄sent] 1. v ï³ñ³Ï³ñÍÇù ÉÇÝ»É.
I meant no ~ ºë ÝϳïÇ ãáõÝ»Ç ³Ýѳñ·³ÉÇó »Ï»Õ. áñ¨¿ ³Õ³Ý¹Ç å³ïϳݻÉ. ~ from
í»ñ³μ»ñÙáõÝù: ãѳٳӳÛÝí»É. 2. n ³ÝѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ.
disrespectful [‚disri΄spektfl] a ³Ýѳñ·³- express ~ from ³ÝѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ ³ñï³-
ÉÇó. ³Ýμ³ñ»ÏÇñÃ, ³Ýù³Õ³ù³í³ñÇ. a ~ at- ѳÛï»É:
titude ³Ýѳñ·³ÉÇó í»ñ³μ»ñÙáõÝù. be ~ to dissenter [di΄sentə] n Ñ»ñÓí³ÍáÕ, ³Õ³Ý¹³-
people Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ ³Ýѳñ·³- íáñ:
ÉÇó/³Ýù³Õ³ù³í³ñÇ ÉÇÝ»É: dissertation [‚disə΄tei∫n] n û½, ¹Çë»ñï³-
disrobe [dis΄rəub] v Ù»ñϳóÝ»É, Ù»ñϳݳÉ. ódz:
ѳ·áõëïÁ ѳݻÉ, ѳÝí»É: disserve [di΄sə:v] v í³ï ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ Ù³-
disroot [dis΄ru:t] v ³ñÙ³ï³ËÇÉ ³Ý»É: ïáõó»É, íݳë»É:
disrupt [dis΄rΛpt] v Ïïñ»É, ˽»É, ù³Ý¹»É, disservice [di΄sə:vis] n í³ï ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ,
ù³Ûù³Û»É. ~ service ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ ˳Ë- íݳë do a ~ í³ï ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ Ù³ïáõó»É:
ï»É. ~ one’s work ÷Ëμ. ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇÝ dissidence [΄disidəns] n ³ÛɳËáÑáõÃÛáõÝ,
˳ݷ³ñ»É: å³é³ÏïáõÙ:
disruption [dis΄rΛp∫n] n ˽áõÙ, å³é³Ï- dissident [΄disidənt] a ³ÛɳËáÑ, ³Õ³Ý¹³-
ïáõÙ, ×»ÕùáõÙ: íáñ:
disruptive [dis΄rΛptiv] ÏáñͳÝÇã, ³í»ñÇã, dissimilar [di΄similə] a ï³ñμ»ñ, ³Ûɳï»-
ù³Ûù³ÛÇã: ë³Ï. ~ from ï³ñμ»ñ, ³Ûɳ½³Ý. ~ tastes
dissatisfaction [‚dissætis΄fæk∫n] n ³Ýμ³- ï³ñμ»ñ ׳߳ÏÝ»ñ:
í³í³ñí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, ¹Å·áÑáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ among dissimilarity [‚disimi΄lærəti] n ³Ûɳ½³Ýáõ-
the students ¹Å·áÑáõÃÛáõÝ áõë³ÝáÕáõÃÛ³Ý ÃÛáõÝ. ï³ñμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
ßñç³ÝáõÙ. express ~ ¹Å·áÑáõÃÛáõÝ ³ñï³- dissimilation [‚disimi΄lei∫n] n É»½í. ï³ñ-
ѳÛï»É: ÝÙ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ï³ñÝÙ³ÝáõÙ:
dissatisfied [‚dis΄sætisfaid] a ãμ³í³í³ñ- dissimulate [di΄simjuleit] v Ó¨³óÝ»É, Ï»Õ-
í³Í, ¹Å·áÑ. ~ with one’s job/salary ³ß˳- Í»É, ùáÕ³ñÏ»É:
ï³ÝùÇó/³ß˳ï³í³ñÓÇó ¹Å·áÑ. ~ with dissimulation [di‚simju΄lei∫n] n Ó¨³óáõÙ,
the service ëå³ë³ñÏáõÙÇó ¹Å·áÑ: Ï»ÕÍáõÙ, Ï»ÕÍÇù:
dissatisfy [‚dis΄sætisfai] v ãμ³í³í³ñ»É, dissipate [΄disipeit] v óñ»É, ÷³ñ³ï»É. í³ï-
¹Å·áÑáõÃÛáõÝ å³ï׳é»É: Ý»É, ßé³ÛÉ»É. ßí³Ûï ÏÛ³Ýù í³ñ»É. ~ fears
dissect [di΄sekt] v ×»Õù»É, Ïïñ»É, å³ïé»É. í³ËÁ ÷³ñ³ï»É. ~ one’s fortune áõÝ»óí³Í-
μÅßÏ. Ñ»ñÓ»É, ¹Ç³Ñ»ñÓ»É. ÷Ëμ. ~ a theory/an ùÁ í³ïÝ»É/ù³ÙáõÝ ï³É. ~ one’s energy »-
article ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÁ/Ñá¹í³ÍÁ í»ñÉáõÍ»É: é³Ý¹Á ³Ýï»ÕÇ Í³Ëë»É. ~ time ųٳݳÏ
dissecting-room [di΄sektiŋru:m] n Ñ»ñÓ³- í³ïÝ»É:
ñ³Ý, ¹Ç³Ñ»ñÓ³ñ³Ý, ³Ý³ïáÙÇÏáõÙ£ dissipated [΄disipeitid] a ë³ÝÓ³ñÓ³Ï, ³Ý-
dissection [di΄sek∫n] n ×»ÕùáõÙ, ÏïñáõÙ, μ³ñá۳ϳÝ. lead a ~ life ³Ýμ³ñá۳ϳÝ
å³ïéáõÙ. ¹Ç³Ñ³ïáõÙ. í»ñÉáõÍáõÙ: ÏÛ³Ýù í³ñ»É:
dissemble [di΄sembl] v óùóÝ»É, óáõÛó, dissipation [‚disi΄pei∫n] n óñáõÙ, ÷³ñ³-
ãï³É, ùáÕ³ñÏ»É. ~ one’s feelings ½·³ó- ïáõÙ. í³ïÝáõÙ, ßé³ÛÉáõÙ. ³Ý³é³Ï/ßí³Ûï
ÙáõÝùÝ»ñÁ ùáÕ³ñÏ»É. (Ï»ÕÍ»É, Ó¨³Ý³É) no ÏÛ³Ýù:
need to ~ ϳñÇù ãϳ Ï»ÕÍ»É/Ó¨³óÝ»É: dissociable [di΄səu∫əbl] a ³ÝÙ³ñ¹³Ùáï,
dissembler [di΄semblə] n Ó¨³óÝáÕ, Ó¨³- ³ÝѳÕáñ¹³ë»ñ:
óáÕ. Ï»ÕÍ (Ù³ñ¹)£ dissociate [di΄səusieit] v ³Ýç³ï»É, μ³Å³-
disseminate [di΄semineit] v ó³Ý»É, ß³Õ Ý»É. ~ oneself ³é³ÝÓݳݳÉ, ë³Ñٳݳ-
ï³É, ï³ñ³Í»É, ë»ñٳݻÉ: ½³ïí»É. ~ public and private life ³Ýç³-
dissemination [di‚semi΄nei∫n] n ó³ÝáõÙ, ï»É/ï³ñμ»ñ»É ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ¨ ³ÝÓݳ-
ï³ñ³ÍáõÙ. ë»ñÙ³ÝáõÙ: Ï³Ý ÏÛ³ÝùÇ ß³Ñ»ñÁ. ùÇÙ. ï³ññ³μ³Å³-
dissension [di΄sen∫n] n ï³ñ³Ó³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ, Ý»É, ù³Ûù³Û»É:
dissoluble 249 distinctive

dissoluble [di΄sɒljubl] a ÉáõÍ»ÉÇ, ÉáõÍíáÕ. ÃÛáõÝ, ³ï»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ. have a ~ for travel/parties


˽»ÉÇ, ÉáõÍ»ÉÇ (å³Ûٳݳ·Çñ, ³ÙáõëÝáõ- ³ï»É/ãëÇñ»É ׳Ù÷áñ¹áõÃÛáõÝ/ËÝçáõÛùÝ»ñ.
ÃÛáõÝ): 2. v ÝnÕϳÝù ½·³É, ³ï»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ ï³Í»É:
dissolute [΄disəlu:t] a ³Ý³é³Ï, óá÷: distasteful [dis΄teistfl] a ³Ý³ËáñÅ, ïѳ×,
dissolution [‚disə΄lu:∫n] n ÉáõÍáõÙ, ï³ññ³- ½½í»ÉÇ. It is ~ for me to ÆÝÓ Ñ³Ù³ñ ß³ï
ÉáõÍáõÙ. ϳ½Ù³ÉáõÍáõÙ. ~ of parliament ïÑ³× ¿:
å³éɳٻÝïÇ/ËáñÑñ¹³ñ³ÝÇ Ï³½Ù³ó- distemper [di΄stempə] n ïϳñáõÃÛáõÝ, Ñá-
ñáõÙ/³ñÓ³ÏáõÙ: ·»Ï³Ý ˳ݷ³ñáõÙ;
dissolve [di΄zɒlv] v ÉáõÍ(í)»É, ù³Ûù³Û(í)»É, distend [di΄stend] v áõéã»É, áõé»óÝ»É. Áݹ-
˽»É. ~ salt/sugar in water ³ÕÁ/ß³ù³ñÁ ɳÛÝ(í)»É:
çñáõÙ ÉáõÍ»É. ~ a marriage/a business ³Ùáõë- distensible [di΄stensəbl] a ÁݹɳÛÝ»ÉÇ,
ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ/·áñͳñùÁ ÉáõÍ»É: ³é³Ó·³Ï³Ý:
dissolvent [di΄zɒlvənt]1. a ÉáõÍáÕ. 2. n Éáõ- distension [di΄sten∫n] n Ó·áõÙ, ÁݹɳÛÝáõÙ,
Áݹ³ñÓ³ÏáõÙ:
ÍÇã, ÉáõÍáÕ ÝÛáõÃ:
dissonance [΄disənəns] n ³ÝÝ»ñ¹³ßݳÏáõ- distil [di΄stil] v Ãáñ»É, ½ï»É. μáõÛë»ñÇó ÑÛáõÃ
ù³Ù»É. ÷Ëμ. ³Ù»Ý³¿³Ï³ÝÁ ù³Õ»É:
ÃÛáõÝ, ³Ýѳٳå³ï³ë˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. »ñÅß.
³ÝÝ»ñ¹³ßݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ¹ÇëáݳÝë:
distillation [‚disti΄lei∫n] n ÃáñáõÙ, ½ïáõÙ. dry
~ ãáñ ÃáñáõÙ:
dissonant [΄disənənt] a ³ÝÝ»ñ¹³ßݳÏ, ѳ- distiller [di΄stilə] n ûÕÇ ÃáñáÕ/ù³ßáÕ. ÃáñÇã
ϳë³Ï³Ý. »ñÅß. ³ÝÝ»ñ¹³ßݳÏ, ³ÝÝ»ñ-
(ᇖꂝ):
¹³ßݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ ÙïóÝáÕ:
distillery [di΄stiləri] n ûÕ»·áñͳñ³Ý, ëåÇñ-
dissuade [di΄sweid] v ï³ñѳÙá½»É, ÙÇïùÁ ï³·áñͳñ³Ý:
÷áË»É ï³É. try to ~ smb from ÷áñÓ»É Ñ»ï
distinct [di΄stiŋkt] a å³ñ½, Ñëï³Ï, å³ñ½á-
å³Ñ»É/ï³ñѳÙá½»É:
ñáß. ½³ï, ³Ýç³ï, ï³ñμ»ñ. a ~ sound
dissuasion [di΄sweiзn] n ï³ñѳÙá½áõÙ: Ñëï³Ï/å³ñ½áñáß Ó³ÛÝ. ~ handwriting /pro-
dissyllabic [‚disi΄læbik] a »ñÏí³ÝÏ: nunciation Ñëï³Ï ӻ鳷Çñ/³ñï³ë³Ýáõ-
distance [΄distəns] n ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, Ñ»é³- ÃÛáõÝ. ~ progress ³ÏÝѳÛï ³é³çÁÝóó. ~
íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. at a ~ Ñ»é³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³. in outlines Ñëï³Ï áõñí³·Í»ñ. (áñáß³ÏÇ) ~ in-
the ~ Ñ»éíáõÙ. from a ~ Ñ»éíÇó. look into the tention áñáß³ÏÇ Ùï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ chance
~ Ñ»éáõÝ Ý³Û»É. a fair ~ μ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ ï³ñ³- áñáß³ÏÇ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. (Ûáõñ³Ñ³-
ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. within striking ~ ѳë³Ý»ÉÇáõÃÛ³Ý ïáõÏ) ~ type of mind Ûáõñ³Ñ³ïáõÏ Ùï³Í»-
ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ. beyond striking ~ ѳë³Ý»- ɳϻñå. (ï³ñμ»ñ) The two melodies are quite
ÉáõÃÛ³Ý ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇó ¹áõñë/³ÛÝ ÏáÕÙ. in ~ ²Ûë »ñÏáõ Ù»Õ»¹ÇÝ»ñÁ ÉñÇí ï³ñμ»ñ »Ý.
the middle ~ ÙÇçÇÝ åɳÝáõÙ. ~ learning Ñ»- keep the ideas ~ ï³ñμ»ñ»É/ãß÷áÃ»É ·³Õ³-
é³Ï³ áõëáõóáõÙ. ÷Ëμ. (ë³éÝáõÃÛáõÝ) at a ÷³ñÝ»ñÁ:
respectful ~ å³ïß³× Ñ»é³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³. distinction [di΄stiŋk∫n] n ï³ñμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ,
keep one’s ~ Ñ»é³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ å³Ñå³Ý»É, ½³Ý³½³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. å³ïí³Ýß³Ý, ßù³Ýß³Ý.
Çñ»Ý Ñ»éáõ å³Ñ»É. keep at a ~ Ñ»é³íáñáõ- without ~ ³é³Ýó ï³ñμ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý/Ëïñáõ-
ÃÛ³Ý íñ³ ÙݳÉ. a long ~ race Ùñ½. »ñϳñ ÃÛ³Ý. a fine ~ Ýáõñμ ï³ñμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. draw/
ï³ñ³Í³í³½ù. at this ~ of time ³ÛÅÙ. over a make a ~ between ï³ñμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ýóϳó-
~ of 40 years 40 ï³ñí³ Ñ»é³íáñáõ- Ý»É. (³ñųÝÇù) many academic ~s ß³ï ·Ç-
ÃÛáõÝÇó/ųٳݳϳÙÇçáóÇó Ñ»ïá: ï³Ï³Ý ÏáãáõÙÝ»ñ. a ~ in maths/languages
distant [΄distənt] a Ñ»é³íáñ, Ñ»éáõ. ~ place/ μ³ñÓñ ·Ý³Ñ³ï³Ï³Ý ٳûٳïÇϳÛÇó/
sound/resemblance/relative Ñ»é³íáñ í³Ûñ/ É»½áõÝ»ñÇó. a poet of ~ ³Ï³Ý³íáñ μ³Ý³-
Ó³ÛÝ/ÝÙ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ/μ³ñ»Ï³Ù, ³½·³Ï³Ý. ~ ëï»ÕÍ:
countries Ñ»éáõ/Ñ»é³íáñ »ñÏñÝ»ñ. the ~ distinctive [di΄stiŋktiv] a μÝáñáß, ѳïϳ-
past/future Ñ»é³íáñ ³ÝóÛ³É/³å³·³. be on Ý߳ϳÝ, ï³ñμ»ñ³ÏÇã. ~ marks ï³ñμ»ñÇã
~ terms å³ßïáÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ñ³μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»- Ýß³ÝÝ»ñ. ~ taste ÇÝùݳïÇå ׳߳Ï. ~ hand-
ñÇ Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É: writing μÝáñáß Ó»é³·Çñ. ~ feature ï³ñμ»-
distaste [dis΄teist]1. n ³Ýμ³ñÛ³ó³Ï³Ùáõ- ñ³ÏÇã ѳïϳÝÇß:
distinctly 250 district

distinctly [di΄stiŋktli] adv áñáß³ÏÇ/å³ñ½á- distraught [di΄strɔ:t] a ˻ɳ·³ñí³Í. like


ñáß Ï»ñåáí. speak ~ Ñëï³Ï Ëáë»É. tell ~ one ~ ˻ɳ·³ñÇ ÝÙ³Ý. ~ with anxiety ³Ý-
å³ñ½áñáß Ï»ñåáí ³ë»É. ~ awkward ³ÏÝ- ÑáõÝ ã³ñáõÃÛáõÝÇó ·ÉáõËÁ Ïáñóñ³Í:
ѳÛïáñ»Ý/ͳÛñ³Ñ»Õ Ï»ñåáí ³ÝѳñÙ³ñ. distress [di΄stres] n íÇßï, ¹³éÝáõÃÛáõÝ,
He’s ~ better today ²Ûëûñ ݳ Ý߳ݳϳÉÇá- ÏëÏÇÍ. ³Õ»ï. a ship in ~ ³Õ»ïÇ »ÝóñÏ-
ñ»Ý É³í ¿: í³Í ݳí. ~ signal ³Õ»ïÇ ³½¹³Ýß³Ý.
distinctness [di΄stiŋktnəs] n å³ñ½áõÃÛáõÝ, Çñ³í. å³ñï³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý ¹ÇÙ³ó ·áõÛùÇ
å³ñ½áñáßáõÃÛáõÝ. áñáß³ÏÇáõÃÛáõÝ, Ñëï³- ïÇñ³Ï³ÉáõÙ. (ÑÛáõÍáõÙ, áõųëå³éáõÃÛáõÝ)
ÏáõÃÛáõÝ: The patient is in ~ ÐÇí³Ý¹Ý Çñ»Ý í³ï ¿
distinguish [di΄stiŋgwi∫] v ï³ñμ»ñ(í)»É, ½·áõÙ. show signs of ~ Ñá·Ý³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý Ýß³Ý-
½³Ý³½³Ý(í)»É. çáÏ»É, ï»ëÝ»É. ~ good from Ý»ñ óáõÛó ï³É:
bad ɳíÁ í³ïÇó/μ³ñÇÝ ã³ñÇó ï³ñμ»ñ»É. distress [di΄stres] v íÇßï å³ï׳é»É, ¹³é-
It is impossible tû ~ ²ÝÑݳñÇÝ ¿ ï³ñ- ݳóÝ»É. ÑÛáõÍ»É, áõųëå³é ³Ý»É. be ~ed
μ»ñ³Ï»É. ~ light in the distance Ñ»é³íá- íßï³Ý³É. Don’t ~ your mother ØÇ íßï³óñáõ
ñáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³ ï»ëÝ»É/ÝßÙ³ñ»É ÉáõÛë. He Ù³ÛñÇÏǹ. Don’t ~ yourself ØÇ íßï³óÇñ:
could hardly ~ ܳ ѳ½Çí ¿ñ ϳñáÕ³ÝáõÙ distressful [di΄stresfl] a íßï³ÉÇ, ïËñ³ÉÇ,
ÝßÙ³ñ»É/ï»ëÝ»É. ~ oneself ³ãùÇ ÁÝÏÝ»É, ¹³éÁ:
Ñéã³Ïí»É. He ~ed himself in the work ܳ distressing [di΄stresiŋ] a íßï³óÝáÕ, Ùï³-
³ãùÇ ÁÝϳí Çñ ³ß˳ï³ÝùáõÙ: Ñá·áÕ, ³Ýѳݷëï³óÝáÕ. ïѳ×. ~ news
distinguishable [di΄stiŋgwi∫əbl] a ½³Ý³- ³ÝÙËÇóñ³Ï³Ý Éáõñ»ñ. It’s all very ~ ²Û¹
½³Ý»ÉÇ: ³Ù»ÝÁ ß³ï Ùï³Ñá·Çã/ïÑ³× ¿:
distinguished [di΄stiŋgwi∫t] a ³ãùÇ ÁÝÏÝáÕ, distributable [di΄stribjutəbl] a μ³ßË»ÉÇ,
³Ï³Ý³íáñ, Ñéã³Ï³íáñ. a ~ guest å³ïí³- μ³Å³Ý»ÉÇ:
íáñ ÑÛáõñ. look ~ å³ïϳé»ÉÇ/ͳÝñ³ÏßÇé distribute [di΄stribju:t] v μ³ßË»É, μ³Å³Ý»É.
ï»ëù áõݻݳÉ. a ~ figure ׳ݳãí³Í Ñ»ÕÇ- ï³ñ³Í»É. ï»Õ³íáñ»É, ¹³ë³íáñ»É. ~
ݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ doctor ³Ï³Ý³íáñ μÅÇßÏ. of books/money ·Çñù/÷áÕ μ³Å³Ý»É. widely ~d
~ birth »ñ¨»ÉÇ/³½Ýí³Ï³Ý ͳ·áõÙ. a ~ career ɳÛÝ ï³ñ³Íí³Í. ~d over large territory ɳÛÝ
÷³ÛÉáõÝ Ï³ñÇ»ñ³. ~ style μÝáñáß á×: ï³ñ³Íùáí Ù»Ï μ³ßËí³Í/ë÷éí³Í. ÑÙÏñ·.
distinguishing [di΄stiŋgwi∫iŋ] a ï³ñμ»ñ³- ~d database ï»Õ³μ³ßËí³Í ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ
ÏÇã, ½³Ý³½³ÝáÕ: μ³½³. ~d enviroment ï»Õ³μ³ßËí³Í ѳ-
distort [di΄stɔ:t] v ³Õ³í³Õ»É, ˻ճÃÛáõñ»É, ٳϳñ·Ç ÙÇç³í³Ûñ. ~d intelligence ³ñ-
³Õ׳ï»É. ³Ûɳݹ³Ï»É, ÍéÙé»É. ~ facts /the Ñ»ëï³Ï³Ý ÇÝï»É»ÏïÇ ï»Õ³μ³ßËí³Í
meaning ÷³ëï»ñÁ/ÇÙ³ëïÁ ³Õ³í³Õ»É. ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ. ~d logic ï»Õ³μ³ßËí³Í ջϳ-
Her face was ~ed by pain/fear Üñ³ ¹»ÙùÁ ó³- í³ñáõÙ. ~d object computing ï»Õ³-
íÇó/í³ËÇó ͳٳÍéí»ó. ~ the truth ×ßÙ³ñ- μ³ßËí³Í ûμÛ»Ïï³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ßí³ñÏáõÙ. ~d
ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³Õ³í³Õ»É: processing network ï»Õ³μ³ßËí³Í ïíÛ³É-
distortion [di΄stɔ:∫n] n ³Õ³í³ÕáõÙ (ݳ¨ Ý»ñÇ Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý ó³Ýó:
÷Ëμ.). ÍéáõÙ, ÍéÙéáõÙ, ³Ûɳݹ³ÏáõÙ: distribution [‚distri΄bju:∫n] n μ³ßËáõÙ, μ³-
distract [di΄strækt] v Ñ»é³óÝ»É, ߻ջÉ. ~ ųÝáõÙ, ï³ñ³ÍáõÙ. the ~ of profits ß³ÑáõÛ-
from worries Ñá·ë»ñÇó ߻ջÉ. The noise ~s ÃÇ μ³ßËáõÙ. the ~ of population μݳÏãáõ-
²ÕÙáõÏÁ ˳ݷ³ñáõÙ ¿/ß»ÕáõÙ ¿ áõß³¹ñáõ- ÃÛ³Ý ï»Õ³μ³ßËáõÙ. the ~ of troops é½Ù.
ÃÛáõÝÁ: ½áñù»ñÇ ï»Õ³μ³ßËáõÙ. ~ agreement μ³ßË-
distracted [di΄stræktid] a óñí³Í, Ùï³óÇñ. Ù³Ý å³Ûٳݳ·Çñ:
˻ɳ·³ñ, ˻ɳÏáñáõÛë£ distributive [di΄stribjutiv] a μ³ß˳ϳÝ,
distraction [di΄stræk∫n] n áõß³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ß»- μ³ßËÙ³Ý the ~ trade ³é¨ïñÇ μ³ßËÙ³Ý ¨
ÕáõÙ. Ùï³óñáõÙ, óñí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ½í³ñ×áõ- ³é³ùÙ³Ý μ³ÅÇÝ:
ÃÛáõÝ, áõñ³ËáõÃÛáõÝ. hate/love to ~ ˻ɳ·³- distributor [di΄stribjutə] n μ³ßËÇã, μ³ß-
ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ëïÇ׳ÝÇ ³ï»É/ëÇñ»É. drive to ~ ËáÕ. ïÝï. í³×³éùÇ ·áñͳϳÉ:
˻ɳ·³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ëóÝ»É: district [΄distrikt] n ßñç³Ý, Ù³ñ½ ï³ñ³Íù.
distrust 251 diversion

agricultural/rural/residential ~ ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»- ditch [dit∫] v ³éáõ/Ëñ³Ù³ï ÷áñ»É. ~ the old


ë³Ï³Ý/·ÛáõճϳÝ/μݳϻÉÇ ï³ñ³Íù. elec- car/shoes ËëÏó. ¹»Ý Ý»ï»É ÑÇÝ/÷ã³ó³Í Ù»-
toral ~ ÁÝïñ³Ï³Ý ï»Õ³Ù³ë/ûÏñáõ·. ~ ù»Ý³Ý/ÏáßÇÏÝ»ñÁ:
council ßñç³Ý³ÛÇÝ ËáñÑáõñ¹. ~ court ßñç³- ditcher [΄dit∫ə] n ÑáÕ³÷áñ. ³éí³÷áñÇã/
ݳÛÇÝ ¹³ï³ñ³Ý. ~ attorney ßñç³Ý³ÛÇÝ ³éí³Ñ³Ý Ù»ù»Ý³:
¹³ï³Ë³½ (²ØÜ): ditch-water [΄dit∫wɔ:tə] n Ï³Ý·Ý³Í çáõñ:
distrust [dis΄trΛst] n ³Ýíëï³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ, û- dither [΄diðə]1. n ËëÏó. ¹áÕ. be in a ~ ³Ýáñá-
ñ³Ñ³í³ïáõÃÛáõÝ, ϳëϳÍ. look at... with ~ ßáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É. 2. v ¹áÕ³É. be ~ing
ϳëϳͳÝùáí ݳۻÉ. have a ~ of foreigners ï³ï³Ýí»É, ÝÛ³ñ¹³ÛݳݳÉ:
ûï³ñ»ñÏñ³óÇÝ»ñÇÝ ãíëï³Ñ»É: dithyramb [΄diθiræm] n ·áí»ñ·, Ý»ñμáÕ:
distrust [dis΄trΛst] v ãíëï³Ñ»É, ϳëϳͻÉ. ditto [΄ditəu] n, a, adv í»ñáÑÇßÛ³ÉÁ, ÝáõÛÝÁ. ~
~ people Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó ãíëï³Ñ»É. ~ one’s own marks ÏñÏÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ýß³Ý. say ~ ѳٳӳÛÝ»É.
eyes ë»÷³Ï³Ý ³ãù»ñÇÝ ãѳí³ï³É: ”³Ûá” ³ë»É:
distrustful [dis΄trΛstfl] a ϳëϳͳÙÇï, diurnal [dai΄ə:nl] a ó»ñ»Ïí³, ó»ñ»Ï³ÛÇÝ.
ϳëϳͻÉÇ. ³Ýíëï³Ñ»ÉÇ: ÙÇûñÛ³, ÙÇ ûñ ³åñáÕ:
disturb [di΄stə:b] v ³Ýѳݷëï³óÝ»É, ˳Ý- diva [΄di:və] n ³é³çݳϳñ· »ñ·ãáõÑÇ, åñÇ-
·³ñ»É. ݻճóÝ»É. Sorry to ~ you ÎÝ»ñ»ù, áñ Ù³¹áÝݳ:
³Ýѳݷëï³óÝáõÙ »Ù. be ~ed at ÇÝã-áñ dive [daiv] v ëáõ½(í)»É, ÁÝÏÕÙ(í)»É. ~ for
μ³ÝÇó ³Ýѳݷëï³Ý³É. The noise ~ed us pearls ëáõ½í»É Ù³ñ·³ñÇï ѳݻÉáõ ѳٳñ.
²ÕÙáõÏÁ Ù»½ ˳ݷ³ñáõÙ ¿ñ. ~ one’s peace ~ into one’s pocket ÷Ëμ. Ó»éùÁ ·ñå³ÝÁ
Ù»ÏÇ Ñ³Ý·ÇëïÁ ˳ݷ³ñ»É. Don’t ~ my pa- ËáûÉ. ³í. ËáÛÁÝóó ÃéÇãù ϳï³ñ»É The
pers! ÂÕûñÇë Ó»éù ÙÇ° ïí»ù: plane ~d ÆÝùݳÃÇéÁ ËáÛÁÝóó ëɳó³í.
disturbance [di΄stə:bəns] n ³Ýѳݷëïáõ- (³ÝÑ»ï³Ý³É) The thief ~d into a side street
ÃÛáõÝ, Ý»ÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ³ÕÙáõÏ. ùÕù. Ëéáíáõ- ¶áÕÝ ³ÝÑ»ï³ó³í Ýñμ³ÝóùáõÙ:
ÃÛáõÝ. ˳ËïáõÙ. visual ~ ï»ëáÕáõÃÛ³Ý divebombing [΄daivbɒmiŋ] n éÙμ³ÏáÍáõÙ
˳ËïáõÙ. inborn ~ μݳÍÇÝ Ë³ËïáõÙ. ËáÛÁÝóó ÃéÇãùÇó:
There was some sort of ~ ÆÝã-áñ ³ÕÙáõÏ Ï³ñ. diver [΄daivə] n ëáõ½³Ï, Ù³ñ·³ñÇï áñáÝáÕ.
a ~ of the peace Çñ³í. ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ϻݹ. çñ³ÛÇÝ ÃéãáõÝ. ËëÏó. ·ñå³Ý³Ñ³ï:
ϳñ·Ç ˳ËïáõÙ: diverge [dai΄və:dз] v μ³Å³Ýí»É, Ñ»é³Ý³É.
disturbed [di΄stə:bd] a ³ÝѳݷÇëï, Ëáïáñí»É, ûùí»É, ß»Õí»É. Paths/Opinions ~
ÝÛ³ñ¹³ÛÇÝ. a ~ night ³ÝѳݷÇëï ·Çß»ñ. a ֳݳå³ñÑÝ»ñÁ/γñÍÇùÝ»ñÁ μ³Å³ÝíáõÙ
~ child ÝÛ³ñ¹³ÛÇÝ »ñ»Ë³: »Ý. ~ from the main road Ù³ÛñáõÕáõó ß»Õ-
disturber [di΄stə:bə] n ˳ݷ³ñáÕ, Ëéá- í»É/ûùí»É:
í³ñ³ñ. ϳñ·³½³Ýó: divergence [dai΄və:dзəns] n ï³ñ³ÙÇïáõÙ,
disunion [dis΄ju:niən] n ³ÝѳٳӳÛÝáõ- ³ÝѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ËáïáñáõÙ, ß»ÕáõÙ. ~
ÃÛáõÝ, å³é³ÏïáõÙ. μ³Å³ÝáõÙ: of opinion ϳñÍÇùÝ»ñÇ ï³ñ³ÙÇïáõÙ. ~
disunite [‚disju΄nait] v μ³Å³Ý(í)»É, ³Ýç³ï- from the norm/theme ß»ÕáõÙ ÝáñÙ³ÛÇó/ûٳ-
(í)»É. å³é³Ïï(í)»É£ ÛÇó:
disuse [dis΄ju:s] n ³Ý·áñͳÍáõÃÛáõÝ, ã·áñ- divergent [dai΄və:dзənt] a ï³ñ³ÙÇï, Ëá-
ͳÍí»ÉÁ. fall into ~ ·áñͳÍáõÃÛáõÝÇó ¹áõñë ïáñíáÕ. ~ paths/opinions ËáïáñíáÕ ×³Ý³-
·³É£ å³ñÑÝ»ñ, ï³ñ³ÙÇï ϳñÍÇùÝ»ñ:
disuse[dis΄ju:z] v ¹³¹³ñ»É ·áñͳͻÉáõó: diverse [΄daivə:z] a ï³ñμ»ñ, áõñÇß. ½³Ý³-
disused [dis΄ju:zd] a ·áñͳÍáõÃÛáõÝÇó ½³Ý, μ³½Ù³½³Ý:
¹áõñë »Ï³Í. Éùí³Í. a ~ well/house/mine diversiform [dai΄və:sifɔ:m] a ³ÛɳӨ, ï»-
Éùí³Í çñÑáñ/ïáõÝ/ ѳÝù³÷áñ: ë³Ï-ï»ë³Ï:
ditch [dit∫] n ³éáõ, ÷áë. é½Ù. Ëñ³Ù³ï. an diversify [dai΄və:sifai] v ½³Ý³½³Ý³Ï»ñ-
anti-tank ~ ѳϳï³ÝϳÛÇÝ Ëñ³Ù³ï. The å»É, μ³½Ù³½³Ý»É:
car went into the ~ Ø»ù»Ý³Ý ÷áëÇ Ù»ç ÁÝ- diversion [dai΄və:∫n] n ß»ÕáõÙ, ËáïáñáõÙ.
ϳí. as dull as a ~ water Ù³Ñáõ ã³÷ Ó³ÝÓ- ½í³ñ׳ÉÇù, ½í³ñ×áõÃÛáõÝ. é½Ù. ¹Çí»ñ-
ñ³ÉÇ: ëdz:
diversity 252 do

diversity [dai΄və:səti] n μ³½Ù³½³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, divisible [di΄vizəbl] a μ³Å³Ý»ÉÇ:


μ³½Ù³åÇëáõÃÛáõÝ: division [di΄viзən] n μ³Å³ÝáõÙ, ³Ýç³ïáõÙ.
divert [dai΄və:t] v Ëáïáñ»É, ÁÝóóùÁ ÷á- ~ of labour ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ μ³Å³ÝáõÙ. ~ of the
Ë»É. ߻ջÉ. ½í³ñ׳óÝ»É, ½μ³Õ»óÝ»É. ~ the spoils ³í³ñÇ μ³Å³ÝáõÙ. (ÙÇçÝáñÙ) room
traffic »ñè»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ áõÕÕ»É ³ÛÉ ×³Ý³- with ~s ÙÇçÝáñÙÝ»ñáí ë»ÝÛ³Ï. class ~s ÷Ëμ.
å³ñÑáí. ~ one’s thoughts Ùïù»ñÁ ߻ջÉ. ~ ¹³ë³ÛÇÝ/¹³ë³Ï³ñ·³ÛÇÝ ï³ñμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ.
children »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñÇÝ ½í³ñ׳óÝ»É. ~ one- (ï³ñ³Ó³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ) a ~ of opinion ϳñ-
self ½í³ñ׳ݳÉ: ÍÇùÝ»ñÇ ï³ñ³Ó³ÛÝáõÙ. political ~s ù³-
diverting [dai΄və:tiŋ] a Ñ»ï³ùñùñ³Ï³Ý, Õ³ù³Ï³Ý ï³ñ³Ó³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ:
Ñ»ï³ùñùñ³ß³ñÅ. a ~ play ½í³ñ׳ÉÇ/Ñ»- divisor [di΄vaizə] n Ù³Ã. μ³Å³Ýáñ¹:
ï³ùñùñ³ß³ñÅ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõÙ. find smth ~ divorce [di΄vɔ:s] n ³ÙáõëݳÉáõÍáõÃÛáõÝ,
Çñ»Ý Ñ»ï³ùñùñáÕ μ³Ý ·ïÝ»É: ³å³Ñ³ñ½³Ý. ³Ýç³ïáõÙ, μ³Å³ÝáõÙ,
divest [dai΄vest] v Ññ³Å³ñí»É, í³Ý»É, ½ñÏ»É. ˽áõÙ. the ~ between religion and science ·Ç-
~ of authority Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝÇó/Édz½áñáõ- ïáõÃÛ³Ý ³Ýç³ïáõÙÁ ÏñáÝÇó:
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó ½ñÏ»É: divorce [di΄vɔ:s] v μ³Å³Ýí»É, ³ÙáõëݳÉáõÛÍ
divide [di΄vaid] v μ³Å³Ý(í)»É, μ³ßË(í)»É. ~ ÉÇÝ»É ~ one’s wife/husband ÏÝáçÇó/³ÙáõëÝáõó
work/land /into equal parts μ³Å³Ý»É ³ß˳- μ³Å³Ýí»É. He/She is ~d ܳ μ³Å³Ýí³Í ¿.
ï³ÝùÁ/ÑáÕÁ ѳí³ë³ñ Ù³ë»ñÇ. ~ 50 by 5 become ~d from reality ÷Ëμ. Çñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý
Ù³Ã. 50 Á 5 –Ç μ³Å³Ý»É. (³Ýç³ï»É) A Ñ»ï ϳåÁ ÏáñóÝ»É:
fence ~s our gardens ØÇ ó³Ýϳå³ï ¿ divorcee [di‚vɔ:΄si:] n ³ÙáõëݳÉáõÛÍ/³Ùáõë-
³Ýç³ïáõÙ Ù»ñ å³ñ﻽ݻñÁ (ï³ñ³- ݳÉáõÍí³Í Ù³ñ¹:
ϳñÍÇù ÉÇÝ»É) Opinions were ~d γñ- divulge [dai΄vΛldз] v Ññ³å³ñ³Ï»É, Ññ³-
ÍÇùÝ»ñÁ μ³Å³Ýí»óÇÝ. The meeting was ~d å³ñ³Ï ѳݻÉ. ~ a secret ·³ÕïÝÇùÁ Ññ³-
on this point ²Ûë ѳñóáõÙ ÅáÕáí³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÁ
å³ñ³Ï ѳݻÉ:
ï³ñ³Ï³ñÍÇù »Õ³Ý:
Dixie [΄diksi] n ²ØÜ-Ç Ñ³ñ³í³ÛÇÝ Ý³Ñ³Ý·-
divided [di΄vaidid] a μ³Å³Ýí³Í, ½³ïí³Í, Ý»ñÇ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ³ÝáõÝÁ:
³Ýç³ï:
dizziness [΄dizinəs] n ·É˳åïáõÛï:
dividend [΄dividend] n ߳ѳμ³ÅÇÝ, ß³Ñáõ- dizzy [΄dizi] a ·É˳åïáõÛï. a ~ height ·É˳-
óٳë. Ù³Ã. μ³Å³Ý»ÉÇ:
åïáõÛï ³é³ç³óÝáÕ μ³ñÓñáõÃÛáõÝ. be/feel
divination [‚divi΄nei∫n] n ·áõß³ÏáõÙ, ·áõß³- ~ ·É˳åïáõÛï áõݻݳÉ. It made me ~ ¸ñ³-
ÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ÑÙ³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ Ý³Ë³·áõß³Ïáõ-
ÝÇó ·ÉáõËë åïïí»ó:
ÃÛáõÝ, ϳÝ˳·áõß³ÏáõÙ:
divine [di΄vain] a ³ëïí³Í³ÛÇÝ. ËëÏó. do [du:] v ³Ý»É, ϳï³ñ»É. have much to ~
³Ý»Éáõ ß³ï μ³Ý áõݻݳÉ. ~ what you can
ãݳß˳ñÑÇÏ, ëù³Ýã»ÉÇ. ~ being ³ëïí³-
²ñ»ù ÇÝã ϳñáÕ »ù. ~ as you think best ²ñ»ù
ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ cook ËëÏó. ëù³Ýã»ÉÇ Ëáѳ-
ñ³ñ: ÇÝã ѳñÙ³ñ »ù ·ïÝáõÙ. ~ one’s best ³Ù»Ý
divine [di΄vain] v ·áõ߳ϻÉ, Ù³ñ·³ñ»áõ- ÇÝ㠳ݻÉ. ~ one good û·áõï μ»ñ»É, û·ï³-
ÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É. Ïé³Ñ»É, »Ýó¹ñ»É: ϳñ ÉÇÝ»É. There is nothing to be done àãÇÝã
diviner [di΄vainə] n ·áõß³Ï, Ù³ñ·³ñ»: ãÇ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ³Ý»É. (ѳñ¹³ñ»É, ϳñ·Ç
diving [΄daiviŋ] n ëáõ½áõÙ, çñ³ëáõ½áõÙ. ~ μ»ñ»É).~ one’s hair Ù³½»ñÁ ѳñ¹³ñ»É. ~ the
suit/helmet çñ³ëáõ½³Ï³ÛÇÝ Ñ³·áõëï/ëáõ- room ë»ÝÛ³ÏÁ ϳñ·Ç μ»ñ»É. ~ the dishes
½³½·»ëï/ ë³Õ³í³ñï: ³Ù³ÝÝ»ñÁ Éí³Ý³É. ~ the flowers ͳÕÇÏ-
diving-bell [΄daiviŋbel] n çñ³ëáõ½³Ï³ÛÇÝ Ý»ñÁ ï»Õ³íáñ»É. ~ one’s duty/job å³ñï³-
½³Ý·: ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ/·áñÍÁ ϳï³ñ»É. ~ a military
divinity [di΄vinəti] n ³ëïí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ëï- service μ³Ý³Ïáõ٠ͳé³Û»É. ~ an article/a por-
í³Í. Doctor of D ~ ³ëïí³Í³μ³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý trait Ñá¹í³Í ·ñ»É, ¹ÇÙ³Ýϳñ Ýϳñ»É. ~
¹áÏïáñ. Divinity ~ school ³ëïí³Í³μ³- some gardening å³ñ﻽áõÙ ³ß˳ï»É. ~ the
ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ý³ÏáõÉï»ï: supper ÁÝÃñÇù å³ïñ³ëï»É. (áõëÙ³Ý Ñ»ï
divisibility [di‚vizə΄biləti] n μ³Å³Ý»ÉÇáõ- ϳåí³Í) ~ sums ûñÇݳÏÁ/ËݹÇñÁ ÉáõÍ»É.
ÃÛáõÝ: ~ French ýñ³Ýë»ñ»Ý ëáíáñ»É. ~ a crossword
do 253 dodder

˳ãμ³é ÉáõÍ»É. (¹Çï»É, ѳ׳˻É) ~ the floating ~ ãáñ/ÉáÕ³óáÕ Ý³í³Ýáñá·³ñ³Ý.


museum óïñáÝ ·Ý³É. ~ Venice ì»Ý»ïÇ- put a ship in ~ ݳíÁ Ýáñá·Ù³Ý ϳݷݻóÝ»É:
ÏáõÙ ßñç³·³Û»É. ~ the journey áõÕ¨áñáõÃÛáõÝ dock I [dɒk] v (ݳíÁ) ݳí³Ýáñá·³ñ³Ý
ϳï³ñ»É. ~ harm íݳë å³ï׳é»É. ~ Ham- ¹Ý»É/ÙïÝ»É:
let гÙÉ»ïÇ ¹»ñÁ ϳï³ñ»É. (í³ñí»É) ~ a dock II [dɒk] v Ïïñ»É( åáãÁ). ~ a horse/a dog
man well Ù»ÏÇ Ñ»ï ɳí í³ñí»É. ~ oneself ÓÇáõ/ß³Ý åáãÁ Ïïñ»É. ~ one’s hair Ù³½»ñÁ
well Çñ»Ý μ³í³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ å³ï׳é»É. ϳñ× Ïïñ»É. ~ wages ÷Ëμ. ³ß˳ï³í³ñ-
(åÇï³ÝÇ/ѳñÙ³ñ ÉÇÝ»É) It won’t ~ to play ÓÇó å³Ñ»É/Ïñ׳ï»É:
all day âÇ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ³ÙμáÕç ûñÁ ˳ճÉ. This dockage I [΄dɒkidз] n ݳí³Ýáñá·³ñ³ÝÇó
work won’t ~ for him ²Ûë ³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ Ýñ³Ý û·ïí»Éáõ í׳ñ:
ѳñÙ³ñ ã¿. (í»ñç³óÝ»É) It’s all over and done dockage II [΄dɒkidз] n ËëÏó. Ïñ׳ïáõÙ:
with it Ø»ÏÁݹÙÇßï ³í³ñïí³Í ¿ Let’s have docker [΄dɒkə] n ݳí³ßÇݳñ³ñÇ μ³Ýíáñ,
done with it ºÏ»ù í»ñç ï³Ýù ¹ñ³Ý. You have ¹áÏ»ñ:
been done Ò»½ ˳μ»É »Ý. ~ away ³í³ñï»É, docket [΄dɒkit] n Çñ³í. ¹³ï³Ï³Ý ·áñÍ»ñÇ
í»ñç³óÝ»É. (Ëݹñ³Ýù, ß»ßïáõÙ ) ~ tell us Ù³ïÛ³Ý:
ËݹñáõÙ »Ù ³ë»ù Ù»½. I ~ want to go ºë dock-master [΄dɒk‚ma:stə] n ݳí³ßÇݳ-
ß³ï »Ù áõ½áõÙ ·Ý³É. He is ~ing well ñ³ÝÇ å»ï:
Üñ³ ·áñÍ»ñÁ É³í »Ý ·ÝáõÙ, ܳ É³í ¿ dock-yard [΄dɒkja:d] n ݳí³ßÇݳñ³Ý:
ëáíáñáõÙ. This dress will ~ ²Ûë ѳ·áõëïÁ doctor [΄dɒktə] n μÅÇßÏ. see the ~ μÅßÏÇÝ ¹Ç-
ѳñÙ³ñ ¿. That will never ~ ¸³ áã ÙÇ μ³ÝÇ Ù»É. send for a ~ μÅßÏÇ Ñ»ï¨Çó áõÕ³ñÏ»É.
ÝÙ³Ý ã¿. Roses ~ well in this climate ì³ñ¹»ñÁ (¹áÏïáñÇ ³ëïÇ׳Ý) ~ of philosophy ÷ÇÉÇ-
³Ûë ÏÉÇÙ³ÛáõÙ É³í »Ý ³×áõÙ. be done for ëá÷³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý ¹áÏïáñ. take ~ ’s degree ¹áÏ-
÷ã³Ý³É, ³Ýå»ïù³Ý³É. ËݳٻÉ, Ñá· ïáñÇ ³ëïÇ×³Ý ëï³Ý³É:
ï³Ý»É The shoes are done for ÎáßÇÏÝ»ñÁ doctor [΄dɒktə] v μÅßÏáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É, μáõÅ»É.
Ù³ßí»É »Ý. I prefer ~ ing for myself »ë ~ a cold/a child Ùñë³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ/»ñ»Ë³ÛÇÝ
·»ñ³¹³ëáõÙ »Ù ÇÝùë ³Ý»É. She ~es for me μáõÅ»É. ¹áÏïáñÇ ³ëïÇ×³Ý ßÝáñÑ»É:
twice a week ܳ ß³μ³ÃÁ »ñÏáõ ³Ý·³Ù doctoral [΄dɒktərəl] a ¹áÏïáñ³Ï³Ý. ~ thesis
û·ÝáõÙ ¿ ÇÝÓ ïáõÝÁ Ù³ùñ»É. ~ in ËëÏó. ¹áÏïáñ³Ï³Ý û½/¹Çë»ñï³ódz:
í»ñç ï³É, ëå³Ý»É. ~ smb in Ù»ÏÇÝ í»ñç doctorate [΄dɒktərət] n ¹áÏïáñÇ ³ëïÇ-
ï³É. ~ out ѳí³ù»É, ϳñ·Ç μ»ñ»É. ~ out a ׳Ý:
room/a cupboard ë»ÝÛ³ÏÁ/å³Ñ³ñ³ÝÁ ϳñ- doctrinal [dɒk΄trainl] a ¹³í³Ý³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý,
·Ç μ»ñ»É. ~ up ÷³Ã³Ã»É. ~ up a parcel/one’s ¹á·Ù³ïÇÏ:
shoe laces ÷³Ã»Ã³íáñ»É ͳÝñáóÁ, Ïá- doctrine [΄dɒktrin] n áõëÙáõÝù. í³ñ¹³å»-
ßÇÏÝ»ñÇ Ï³å»ñÁ ϳå»É. ~ with ï³Ý»É, ïáõÃÛáõÝ. ¹áÏïñÇÝ(³). ѳí³ï, ѳÙá½-
¹ÇٳݳÉ, ѳݹáõñÅ»É. the car could ~ with a ÙáõÝù, ¹³í³Ý³Ýù:
wash Ù»ù»Ý³Ý å»ïù ¿ Éí³óíÇ. ~ without document [΄dɒkjumənt] n ÷³ëï³ÃáõÕÃ,
Ûáɳ ·Ý³É ³é³Ýó áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ. Well done ! í³í»ñ³·Çñ. secret/original/legal/official
λóó»°ë. ÑÙÏñ·. do-nothing instruction ¹³- ·³ÕïÝÇ/ ÇëϳϳÝ/Çñ³í³Ï³Ý/å³ßïáݳ-
ï³ñÏ Ññ³Ñ³Ý·. ~ statement óÇÏÉÇ ûå»ñ³- Ï³Ý ÷³ëï³ÃáõÕÃ:
ïáñ. do-while loop óÇÏÉ ß³ñáõݳÏ(í)»Éáõ document [΄dɒkjument] v ÷³ëï³ÃÕÃáí
å³ÛÙ³Ýáí: ѳëï³ï»É, í³í»ñ³·ñ»É. well ~ed ÷³ë-
do [dəu:] n »ñÅß. ¹á Ó³ÛݳÝÇß: ï³ÃÕûñáí ɳí ÑÇÙݳíáñí³Í:
do-all [΄du:ɔ:l] n ³Ù»Ý μ³ÝÇ í³ñå»ï: documentary [‚dɒkju΄mentəri] a, n ÷³ë-
doc [dɒk] n ËëÏó. μÅÇßÏ: ï³ÃÕûñÇ íñ³ ÑÇÙÝí³Í, í³í»ñ³·ñ³-
docile [΄dəusail] a ÉëáÕ, Ñݳ½³Ý¹: ϳÝ. ÷³ëï³·ñ³Ï³Ý ýÇÉÙ:
docility [dəu΄siləti] n Ñݳ½³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝ: documentation [‚dɒkjumen΄tei∫n] n ÷³ë-
dock I [dɒk] n μëμ. ÃñÃÝçáõÏ: ï³ÃÕûñáí ÑÇÙݳíáñáõÙ/Ó¨³Ï»ñåáõÙ:
dock II [dɒk] n Çñ³í. Ù»Õ³¹ñÛ³ÉÇ ³Ãáé: dodder [΄dɒdə] n μëμ. ¹³ÕÓ:
dock III [dɒk] n ݳí³Ýáñá·³ñ³Ý. ¹áÏ. dry/ dodder [΄dɒdə] v ¹áÕ³É, ¹áÕ¹áÕ³É. ~ about/
doddery 254 domain

along ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ áïù»ñÁ ù³ñß ï³É: ~ book ͳÉÍÉí³Í »½ñ»ñáí ·Çñù:


doddery [΄dɒdəri] a ¹áÕ³óáÕ, ¹áÕ¹áçáõÝ. a dogged [΄dɒgd] a ѳٳé, ϳٳÏáñ:
~ old man ѳÉÇó ÁÝÏ³Í Í»ñáõÏ: doggerel [΄dɒgrəl] n í³ï /³ÝßÝáñÑù áï³-
dodge [dɒdз] n ËëÏó. Ñݳñù, Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏáõ- ݳíáñ:
ÃÛáõÝ. Ëáõë³÷áõÙ. ѳñÙ³ñ³Ýù. a cunning doggie [΄dɒgi] n ßÝÇÏ:
~ Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏ ³ñ³ñù. a good ~ for remember- doggish [΄dɒgi∫] a ßݳÛÇÝ, ßݳϳÝ, ß³Ý:
ing ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç å³Ñ»Éáõ ɳí ѳñÙ³- doggy [΄dɒgi] n ï»°ë doggie.
ñ³Ýù/ÙÇçáó£ dog-hole [΄dɒghəul] n ßݳμáõÛÝ. ÷Ëμ.
dodge [dɒdз] v Ëáõë³÷»É, ËáõÛë/÷³Ëáõëï ËóÇÏ:
ï³É. Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ μ³Ý»óÝ»É. ~ a blow dog-lead [΄dɒgli:d] n ß³Ý í½³÷áÏ:
ѳñí³ÍÇó Ëáõë³÷»É. ~ the issue ѳñóÇÝ dog-rose [΄dɒgrəuz] n í³ÛñÇ í³ñ¹, Ù³ëáõñ:
å³ï³ë˳ݻÉáõó ËáõÛë ï³É. ~ military dog-skin [΄dɒgskin] n Ýáõñμ ϳßÇ, ɳÛù³:
service ½ÇÝíáñ³Ï³Ý ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÇó Ëáõ- dog-sleep [΄dɒgsli:p] n ³ÝѳݷÇëï/ûè
ë³÷»É. The boy ~d away îÕ³Ý Ëáñ³Ù³Ý- ùáõÝ:
Ïáñ»Ý ÍÉÏ»ó: dog-tooth [΄dɒgtu:θ] n ßݳï³Ù:
dodger [΄dɒdзə] n Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏ/׳ñåÇÏ dog-violet [΄dɒg‚vaiələt] n í³ÛñÇ Ù³Ýáõß³Ï:
Ù³ñ¹: doing [΄du:iŋ] n pl ·áñÍ»ñ, ³ñ³ñùÝ»ñ. í³ñ-
dodgy [΄dɒdзi] a Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏ. ׳ñåÇÏ, ׳ñ- ÙáõÝù, ³ñ³ñÙáõÝù. It’s all his ~s ²Û¹ μáÉáñÁ
ï³ñ: Ýñ³ ·áñÍ»ñÝ »Ý. It will take some ~ γñÇù
doe [dəu] n ¿· »ÕÝÇÏ: ÏÉÇÝÇ ÙÇ ùÇã ã³ñã³ñí»É. Tell me about your
doer [΄du:ə] n ϳï³ñáÕ, ·áñÍáÕ, Çñ³·áñ- ~s ä³ïÙ»ù Ó»ñ ·áñÍ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ:
ÍáÕ. ³ÝáÕ: dole I [dəul] n Ýå³ëï, ÝÛáõÃ³Ï³Ý û·Ýáõ-
doeskin [΄dəuskin] n »Õç»ñíÇ Ï³ßÇ, ½³Ùß: ÃÛáõÝ, be on the ~ ·áñͳ½ñÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ýå³ëï
dog [dɒg]1. n ßáõÝ, áñÓ ßáõÝ. faithful/fierce/pe- ëï³Ý³É:
digreed ~ ѳí³ï³ñÇÙ/ϳï³ÕÇ/ó»Õ³Ï³Ý dole II [dəul] n μÝëï. íÇßï, óËÇÍ:
ßáõÝ. watch/guard /hunting ~ å³Ñ³å³Ý/áñëÇ dole [dəul] v ÷áùñ Ýå³ëï ï³É, ÝÛáõóå»ë
ßáõÝ. ~ fox/wolf áñÓ ³Õí»ë/·³ÛÉ. stray ~ ó- û·Ý»É. ~ out μ³Å³Ý»É:
÷³éáÕ ßáõÝ. lucky ~ ËëÏó. ѳçáÕ³Ï/μ³Ë- doleful [΄dəulfl] a íßï³ÉÇ, óËÍáï. ٻɳ-
ï³íáñ Ù³ñ¹. a gay ~ áõñ³Ë ïÕ³. a dirty ~ Ù³ÕÓáï:
³Ýå»ïù/ëïáñ Ù³ñ¹. hot ~s Ýñμ»ñßÇÏáí doll [dɒl] n ïÇÏÝÇÏ, ³ÕçݳÏ. ~’s house ïÇÏ-
μáõï»ñμñá¹. lead a ~’s life ß³Ý ÏÛ³Ýù í³- ÝÇϳÛÇÝ ïáõÝ:
ñ»É. lead smn a ~’s life Ù»ÏÇÝ ùÃÇó μéÝ³Í doll [dɒl] v ½áõ·(í)»É, ½³ñ¹³ñ(í)»É:
Ù³Ý ï³É, ѳݷëïáõÃÛáõÝ ãï³É. Let sleep- dollar [΄dɒlə] n ¹áɳñ:
ping ~s lie Þ³ÝÁ ù³ñ ÙÇ ·óÇñ, Þ³ÝÇó dollish [΄dɒli∫] a ïÇÏÝÇϳÛÇÝ, ïÇÏÝÇϳ-
Ñ»éáõ. go to the ~s ÏáñͳÝí»É, ëݳÝϳݳÉ. ÝÙ³Ý:
ß³Ý ÷³Û ¹³éݳÉ. a ~ in the manger å³ñ- dollop [΄dɒləp] n ËëÏó. Ù»Í Ïïáñ:
ïǽå³ÝÇ ßáõÝÁ. ~s of war å³ï»ñ³½ÙÇ dolly [΄dɒli] n ÷áùñÇÏ ïÇÏÝÇÏ, åáõåñÇÏ:
ë³ñë³÷Ý»ñ. ~ tired ß³Ý å»ë Ñá·Ý³Í. dolorous [΄dɒlərəs] a μÝëï. ïËáõñ, óË-
Every ~ has his day Ø»Ýù ¿É ÙÇ ûñ Ïáõñ³- Íáï, óËͳÉÇ:
˳ݳÝù. 2. v Ù»ÏÇÝ ÏñÝϳÏáË Ñ»ï¨»É/Ñ»- dolour [΄dɒlə] n μÝëï. óËÇÍ, ïËñáõÃÛáõÝ,
ï³åݹ»É: íÇßï:
dog-cart [΄dɒgka:t] n »ñϳÝÇí/ÙdzÓÇ dolphin [΄dɒlfin] n ϻݹ. ¹»ÉýÇÝ:
ϳéù: dolt [΄dəult] n ÑÇÙ³ñ, ïËÙ³ñ, ³åáõß:
dog-cheap [΄dɒgt∫i:p] a, adv ã³÷³½³Ýó doltish [΄dəulti∫] a μóÙÇï, ó³Ýó³é:
¿Å³Ý: domain [dəu΄mein] n ïÇñ³å»ïáõÃÛáõÝ, ïÇ-
dog-collar [΄dɒg‚kɒlə] n ßÝ»ñÇ í½Ýáó: ñáõÛÃ. ÷Ëμ. μݳ·³í³é, ³ëå³ñ»½. in the ~
dog-days [΄dɒgdeiz] n pl ³Ù³éí³ ³Ù»Ý³- of science ·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý μݳ·³í³éáõÙ.
ßá· ûñ»ñÁ: ÑÙÏñ·. ~ object ³é³ñÏ³Û³Ï³Ý ïÇñáõÛÃÇ
dog-eared [΄dɒgiəd] a »½ñ»ñÁ ͳÉÍÉí³Í. a ûμÛ»Ïï. ~ of integrity ³ÙμáÕç³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý
dome 255 door-post

ïÇñáõÛÃ. ~ expert ³é³ñÏ³Û³Ï³Ý ïÇñáõÛÃÇ domino [΄dɒminəu] n ¹Çٳϳѳݹ»ëÇ


Ù³ëݳ·»ï: ½·»ëï, ¹áÙÇÝá. ¹áÙÇÝá (˳Õ):
dome [dəum] n ·Ùμ»Ã, ϳٳñ. ÷Ëμ. »ñÏݳ- don [dɒn] n ¹áÝ (Çëå³Ý³Ï³Ý ïÇïÕáë).
ϳٳñ: ¹áÝ, Ø´ ѳٳÉë³ñ³ÝÇ ¹³ë³Ëáë:
domed [dəumd] ·Ùμ»Ã³ÝÙ³Ý, ·Ùμ»Ã³Ó¨: donate [dəu΄neit] v ÝíÇñ»É, ÝíÇñ³μ»ñ»É:
domestic [də΄mestik] n ݳ¨ª ~s ͳé³, ëå³- donation [dəu΄nei∫n] n ÝíÇñ³μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ.
ë³íáñ: Ýí»ñ, ÝíÇñ³ïíáõÃÛáõÝ:
domestic [də΄mestik] a ÁÝï³Ý»Ï³Ý, ïݳ- donatory [dəunətəri] 1. n Ýí»ñ ëï³óáÕ
ÛÇÝ. ~ troubles/dispute ÁÝï³Ý»Ï³Ý ïѳ×áõ- ³ÝÓ. 2. a ÝíÇñ³ïí³Ï³Ý, ÝíÇñ³μ»ñáõÙÇ£
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ/í»×. ~ service/science ï³Ý/ïݳÛÇÝ done [dΛn] a ϳï³ñ³Í. ɳí å³ïñ³ë-
³ß˳ï³Ýù, ïݳí³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ violence ï³Í/ï³å³Ï³Í. The meat is well ~ ØÇëÁ
μéÝáõÃÛáõÝ ÁÝï³ÝÇùÇ ³Ý¹³ÙÝ»ñÇ Ýϳï- É³í ¿ ï³å³Ï³Í: (Ñá·Ý³Í, ѳÉÇó ÁÝϳÍ)
Ù³Ùμ. ~ animals ÁÝï³ÝÇ Ï»Ý¹³ÝÇÝ»ñ. (Ý»ñ- The device is ~ (for) ê³ñùÁ ÉñÇí Ù³ßí»É ¿.
ùÇÝ, ѳÛñ»Ý³Ï³Ý) ~ economy Ý»ñå»ï³- I’m ~ in ä³ñ½³å»ë ëå³éí»É »Ù:
Ï³Ý ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ affairs of the country donkey [΄dɒŋki] n ¿ß, ³í³Ý³Ï. ~’s years
»ñÏñÇ Ý»ñùÇÝ ·áñÍ»ñÁ. ~ goods/production ß³ï í³Õáõó, »ñϳñ ï³ñÇÝ»ñ:
ѳÛñ»Ý³Ï³Ý ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñ/³ñï³¹ñ³Ýù. ~ donnish [΄dɒni∫] a Ù³Ýñ³ÏñÏÇï, μͳ-
trade/market Ý»ñùÇÝ ³é¨ïáõñ/ßáõϳ: ËݹÇñ. ·áéá½, ÇÝùݳѳí³Ý:
domesticate [də΄mestikeit] v ÁÝï»É³óÝ»É, donor [΄dəunə] n ÝíÇñ³ïáõ, ÝíÇñ³μ»ñáÕ.
Ù߳ϻÉ. ÁÝï³Ý»Ï³Ý ÏÛ³ÝùÇÝ Ï³å»É: μÅßÏ. ³ñÛáõݳïáõ, ¹áÝáñ:
domestication [də‚mesti΄kei∫n] n ÁÝï»É³- do-nothing [΄du:‚nΛθiŋ] n ÍáõÛÉ/³Ýμ³Ý
óáõÙ (ϻݹ³ÝÇÝ»ñÇ). ë»ñ ¹»åÇ ïáõÝÁ/ÁÝ- Ù³ñ¹:
ï³Ý»Ï³Ý ÏÛ³ÝùÁ: doom [du:m] n ׳ϳﳷÇñ, ÏáñͳÝáõÙ:
domesticity [‚dəume΄stisəti] n ÁÝï³Ý»Ï³Ý doom [du:m] v ¹³ï³å³ñï»É, Ù³ïÝ»É. ~ed
ÏÛ³Ýù. ÁÝï³Ý»Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: to failure Ó³ËáÕÙ³Ý ¹³ï³å³ñïí³Í:
domicile [΄dɒmisail] n ïáõÝ, μݳϳñ³Ý. doomsday [΄du:mzdei] n ÏñáÝ. ²Ñ»Õ ¹³-
μݳÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ùßï³Ï³Ý í³Ûñ. legal ~ ûñÇݳ- ï³ëï³ÝÇ ûñÁ. wait till ~ ³Ýí»ñç ëå³ë»É:
Ï³Ý Ñ³ëó»: door [dɔ:] n ¹áõé. front/back ~ ·É˳íáñ/ѳÝ-
dominance [΄dɒminəns] n ïÇñ³å»ïáõ- ¹Çë³íáñ ¹áõé. Ñ»ï¨Ç ¹áõé. sliding ~ ß³ñ-
ÃÛáõÝ, Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ÇßËáõÙ, ·»ñÇßËáõÙ. Å³Ï³Ý ¹áõé. emergency ~ å³Ñ»ëïÇ »Éù.
³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ: live next ~ ѳñ¨³Ý/ÏáÕùÇ ï³ÝÝ ³åñ»É.
dominant [΄dɒminənt] a ÇßËáÕ, ïÇñ³å»- next ~ to ß³ï Ùáï, ÏáÕùÇÝ. open a ~ to/close
ïáÕ. ·É˳íáñ, ÑÇÙݳϳÝ. ·»ñÇßËáÕ. the the ~ upon ¹áõéÁ μ³ó»É/÷³Ï»É Ù»ÏÇ /ÙÇ
~ partner ·É˳íáñ /ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý Ë³ÕÁÝÏ»ñ, μ³ÝÇ, íñ³. ÷Ëμ. Ñݳñ³íáñ/³ÝÑݳñÇÝ
·áñÍÁÝÏ»ñ. the ~ idea ·»ñÇßËáÕ ·³- ¹³ñÓÝ»É. out of ~s ¹áõñëÁ, μ³óûÃÛ³. within
Õ³÷³ñÁ. a ~ influence ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ³½¹»- ~s Ý»ñëÁ, ß»ÝùáõÙ. from ~ to ~ ¹éÝÇó-¹áõé.
óáõÃÛáõÝ: knock at the ~ ¹áõéÁ óϻÉ. show smb the ~
dominate [΄dɒmineit] v ÇßË»É, ïÇñ»É, ³½- Ù»ÏÇÝ ¹áõéÁ óáõÛó ï³É/¹áõñë ³Ý»É. show to
¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ. completely ~ ïÇñ³å»- the ~ ÙÇÝ㨠¹áõéÁ ׳ݳå³ñÑ»É. ~ game
ïáÕ ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ: ÏñÏݳÏÇ Ë³Õ. ~s to fame ÷³éùÇ
domination [‚dɒmi΄nei∫n] n ïÇñ³å»- ¹áõéÁ/׳ݳå³ñÑÁ. French ~ ³å³Ï»å³ï
ïáõÃÛáõÝ, Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ÇßËáõÙ, ·»ñÇß- ¹áõé. death’s ~ Ù³Ñí³Ý ß»ÙÇÝ:
ËáõÙ, ·»ñ³ÏßéáõÙ£ door-bell [΄dɔ:bel] n ¹é³Ý ½³Ý·:
domineer [‚dɒmi΄niə] v ÇßË»É, ϳé³í³ñ»É, door handle [΄dɔ:hændl] n ¹é³Ý μéݳÏ:
μéݳݳÉ: door-keeper [΄dɔ:‚ki:pə] n ¹éݳå³Ý:
domineering [‚dɒmi΄niəriŋ] a ÇßËáÕ, door-mat [΄dɔ:mæt] n áõÕ»·áñ·, áõջɳÃ:
ïÇñáÕ: door-plate [΄dɔ:pleit] n ¹é³Ý íñ³ÛÇ ï³Ë-
dominion [də΄minjən] n Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ùÕù. ï³Ï (³ÝáõÝ, ³½·³ÝáõÝ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ):
¹áÙÇÝÇáÝ: door-post [΄dɔ:pəust] n ¹é³Ý ÏáÕ³÷³Ûï:
door-step 256 double-barrelled

door-step [΄dɔ:step] n ß»Ùù, ¹é³Ý ³ëïÇ- line ϻﳷÇÍ. ~ the i’s and cross the t’s
׳Ý: ×ß·ñï»É, Áݹ·Í»É ³Ù»Ý³¿³Ï³ÝÁ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~
door-stone [΄dɔ:stəun] n ß»ÙùÇ ù³ñ: matrix Ï»ï³ÛÇÝ Ù³ïñÇó:
door-way [΄dɔ:wei] n ¹áõé, Ùáõïù, ¹é³Ý dotage [΄dəutidз] n Í»ñáõÝ³Ï³Ý ÃáõɳÙáñ-
³Ýóù. meet at the ~ ¹é³Ý Ùáï ¹ÇÙ³íáñ»É: ÃáõÃÛáõÝ. be in one’s ~ »ñ»Ë³ ¹³éݳÉ, (Í»-
dope [dəup] n óÝÓñ ÛáõÕ, ùëáõù. ÃÙñ³¹»Õ. ñáõÃÛáõÝÇó) Ë»ÉùÁ ÃéóÝ»É.
Ù³ñ½. ·ñ·é³ÙÇçáó. ¹á÷ÇÝ·. ËëÏó. ï»Õ»- dote [dəut] v Ù³ÝϳݳÉ, (Í»ñáõÃÛáõÝÇó) »ñ»-
ÏáõÃÛáõÝ Give me the ~ ÆÝÓ ï»ÕÛ³Ï å³Ñ»ù: ˳ ¹³éݳÉ. Ë»ÝÃÇ å»ë ëÇñ»É. She ~s on
dope [dəup] v ÃÙñ³¹»Õ ï³É/û·ï³·áñÍ»É. her grandson ܳ ³Ýë³ÑÙ³Ý ëÇñáõÙ ¿ Çñ
ÃÙñ»óÝ»É. ~ a horse/a runner Ùñ½. ÓÇáõÝ/í³- Ãáé³ÝÁ:
½áñ¹ÇÝ ¹á÷ÇÝ· ï³É: doting [΄dəutiŋ] a ß³ï ëÇñáÕ, ÝíÇñí³Í:
dop(e)y [΄dəupi] a ËëÏó. ÃÙñ³Í, ³ñμ»ó³Í. dotted [΄dɒtid] a Ï»ï³íáñ, ϻﳷͳÛÇÝ. ~
ÃÙñ»óÝáÕ: line ϻﳷÇÍ, Ï»ï³íáñ ·ÇÍ:
dormancy [΄dɔ:mənsi] n ÝÇñÑ, ÝÇÝç. ÏÇë³- dotty [΄dɒti] a Ï»ï³íáñ, Ï»ï-Ï»ï. ËëÏó.
ùáõÝ íÇ׳Ï: Ë»ÉùÁ Ãéóñ³Í. óݹ³Í. She’s a little ~ ܳ ÙÇ
dormant [΄dɔ:mənt] a ÝÝç³Í, ùݳÍ. Ï»Ýë. ùÇã óݹ³Í ¿:
ÓÙ»éí³ ùáõÝ Ùï³Í. ÷Ëμ. Çñ³í. ãѳÛï³- double [΄dΛbl] 1. a ÏñÏݳÏÇ, »ñÏï³Ï,
ñ³ñí³Í, ã·áñÍáÕ. Bears are/ lie ~ in winter ½áõÛ·. ~ layer/blow/quantityÏñÏݳÏÇ ß»ñï/
ÒÙé³ÝÁ ³ñç»ñÁ ùáõÝ »Ý ÙïÝáõÙ. ~ capital ѳñí³Í/ ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. live a ~ life »ñϳ-
÷Ëμ. Ù»é³Í ϳåÇï³É. ~ volcano ùÝ³Í ÏÇ ÏÛ³Ýù ³åñ»É. He is ~ my age ܳ ÇÙ
Ññ³μáõË. let the matter lie ~ ·áñÍÁ Ñ»ï³- ÏñÏݳÏÇ ï³ñÇùÝ áõÝÇ. ~ meaning ÏñÏݳÏÇ
Ó·»É/ùÝ»óÝ»É: Ý߳ݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ room »ñÏï»Õ³Ýáó ë»Ý-
dormer [΄dɔ:mə] n (ݳ¨ª ~ window) Ó»Õݳ- Û³Ï. ~ tooth/whisky ë»Õ³Ý³ï³Ù. ÏñÏݳÏÇ
ѳñÏÇ Éáõë³Ùáõï: μ³ÅÇÝ íÇëÏÇ. ~ coat of paint Ý»ñÏÇ »ñÏáõ
dormitory [΄dɔ:mətri] n ÁݹѳÝáõñ ÝÝç³- ß»ñï. 2. adv ÏñÏݳÏÇ, »ñÏáõ ³Ý·³Ù see ~
ñ³Ý/ÝÝç³ë»ÝÛ³Ï. ÷³Ï/·Çß»ñûÃÇÏ ¹åñáó. ³ãùÇÝ »ñÏáõë »ñ¨³É. play ~ »ñÏ»ñ»ë³ÝÇáõ-
ѳÝñ³Ï³ó³ñ³Ý: ÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É. ~ as bright »ñÏáõ ³Ý·³Ù ³í»-
dorp [dɔ:p] n ·ÛáõÕ³Ï: ÉÇ/ÏñÏݳÏÇ Éáõë³íáñ. pay ~ »ñÏáõ ³Ý·³Ù
dorsal [΄dɔ:sl] a ϽÙË. ÃÇÏݳÛÇÝ, Ù»çù³ÛÇÝ, ³í»ÉÇ/ÏñÏݳÏÇ í׳ñ»É:
¹áñë³É: double [΄dΛbl] n ÏñÏݳÏÇ ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ.
dosage [΄dəusidз] n ¹»Õ³ù³Ý³Ï, ¹á½³. ¹»- ½áõÛ·, ÝٳݳÏ. be the ~ of smn Ù»ÏÇ ÝÙ³-
Õ³ù³Ý³ÏÇ áñáßáõÙ, ã³÷³íáñáõÙ: ݳÏÁ ÉÇÝ»É. (ûÝÇë) ~s ½áõ·³Ë³Õ. ~ side-
dose [dəus] n ¹á½³, ¹»Õ³ù³Ý³Ï. μ³ÅÇÝ, line ÏáÕ³ÛÇÝ ·ÇÍ ½áõ·³Ë³ÕÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ.
ã³÷. regular ~ ϳÝáݳíáñ/ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý ¹á- mixed ~s ˳éÁ ½áõÛ·»ñ. men’s ~s ïÕ³Ù³ñ¹-
½³. lethal ~ ٳѳóáõ ¹»Õ³ù³Ý³Ï. increase ϳÛÇÝ ½áõÛ·»ñ. óï. ÷á˳ñÇÝáñ¹, ¹áõμÉ-
the ~ ¹á½³Ý ³í»É³óÝ»É: Ûáñ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~-click ÏñÏݳÏÇ Ñ³ñí³Í/Ù³ï-
dose [dəus] v ¹»Õ ï³É. ¹á½³Ý áñáß»É. ~ with ݳ½³ñÏ. ~ precision number ÏñÏݳÏÇ
aspirin ³ëåÇñÇÝ ï³É: ×ßïáõÃÛ³Ùμ ÃÇí. ~ addition ÏñÏݳÏÇ ×ßïáõ-
doss [dɒs] n ËëÏó. Ù³Ñ׳ϳɣ ÃÛ³Ùμ ·áõÙ³ñáõÙ:
doss [dɒs] v ·Çß»ñ»É. ~ down for the night double [΄dΛbl] v ÏñÏݳå³ïÏ»É. ÏñÏÝ(í)»É.
·Çß»ñ»Éáõ ï»Õ ·ïÝ»É: »ñÏáõï³Ï»É. ~ efforts/income/expense
doss-house [΄dɒshaus] n ûè³Ý³ïáõÝ: doze ×Ç·»ñÁ/»Ï³ÙáõïÁ/ͳËë»ñÁ/¹á½³Ý
dossier [΄dɒsiei] n ¹áëÛ», áñ¨¿ ·áñÍÇ/³ÝÓÇ ÏñÏݳå³ïÏ»É. The population has ~d ´Ý³Ï-
í»ñ³μ»ñáÕ ÷³ëï³ÃÕûñ: ãáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÏñÏݳå³ïÏí»É ¿. ~ up with pain
dot [dɒt] n Ï»ï. ß³ï ÷áùñ/Ù³Ýñ μ³Ý. a ~ of ÷Ëμ. ó³íÇó ÏÍÏí»É/Ïáõã ·³É. ~ the part of
a child ÷áùñÇÏ »ñ»Ë³, Ù³ÝÏÇÏ. ~s and óïñ. ¹»ñÁ ÏñÏÝûñÇݳϻÉ. ~ back ÝáõÛÝ
dashes Ï»ï»ñ ¨ ·ÍÇÏÝ»ñ: ׳ݳå³ñÑáí/Ñ»ïù»ñáí í»ñ³¹³éݳÉ:
dot [dɒt] v Ï»ï ¹Ý»É. ϻﳷͻÉ, Ï»ï³Ýß»É. double-barrelled [‚dΛbl΄bærəld] a »ñÏ÷á-
a black ~ in the sky ë¨ Ï»ï »ñÏÝùáõÙ: ~ted Õ³ÝÇ. a ~ gun »ñÏ÷áÕ³ÝÇ Ññ³ó³Ý:
double-bass 257 down

double-bass [‚dΛbl΄beis] n »ñÅß. ÏáÝïñ³- ÑáõÛë ãÇ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ¹Ý»É. (that’s) a ~ blessing


μ³ë: »ñÏë³ÛñÇ ëáõñ, »ñϳÏÇ í³Ë׳Ý:
double-bedded [‚dΛbl΄bedid] a »ñÏï»Õ³- doubtless [΄dautləs] adv ³ÝϳëϳÍ, ³Ý-
ÝÇ/ë»ÝÛ³Ï/Ù³Ñ׳ϳÉ: ï³ñ³ÏáõÛë, ³Ýßáõßï. ѳí³Ýáñ»Ý, ѳí³-
double-breasted [‚dΛbl΄brestid] a »ñÏ»½ñ, ݳμ³ñ:
»ñÏɳÝ绽ñ. a ~ jacket »ñÏɳÝ绽ñ åÇç³Ï: dough [dəu] n ËÙáñ. óÝÓñ ½³Ý·í³Í. ³Ù.,
double-cross [‚dΛbl΄krɒs] v ËëÏó. ˳μ»É: ËëÏó. ÷áÕ. rich ~ ³Ùáù³ÑáõÝó/ѳٻÕ
double-dealer [‚dΛbl΄di:lə] n ˳μ»μ³, ËÙáñ. unleavened ~ ³Ý˳ß/ã»Ï³Í/³Ý-
»ñÏ»ñ»ë³ÝÇ Ù³ñ¹: ÃÃËÙáñ ËÙáñ:
double-dealing [‚dΛbl΄di:liŋ] n »ñÏ»ñ»ë³- doughnut [΄dəunΛt] n ÷áùñÇÏ Ï³ñϳÝ-
ÝÇáõÃÛáõÝ, Ï»ÕͳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ: ¹³Ï. μÉÇÃ, åáÝãÇÏ:
double-decker [‚dΛbl΄dekə] n »ñÏѳñÏ doughtily [΄dautili] adv ³ñdzμ³ñ, Ëǽ³-
³íïáμáõë: Ëáñ»Ý:
double-edged [‚dΛbl΄edзd] »ñÏë³ÛñÇ, »ñÏ- doughy [΄dəui] a ËÙáñ³ÝÙ³Ý, ûñ³ÃáõË:
μ»ñ³Ý: dour [duə] a ËÇëï, Ùé³ÛÉ, ËáÅáé:
double entry [‚dΛbl΄entri] n ÏñÏݳÏÇ Ñ³ß- dove [dΛv] n ³Õ³íÝÇ. D~ of peace ˳ճ-
í³å³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ: ÕáõÃÛ³Ý ³Õ³íÝÇ. ÷Õù. ³Õ³íÝÛ³Ïë,
double-eyed [‚dΛbl΄aid] a ëñ³ï»ë: Ñá·Û³Ïë, ëÇñ»ÉÇë. ݳ¨ª my ~:
double-faced [΄dΛblfeist] a »ñÏ»ñ»ë³ÝÇ, dove-colour [΄dΛv‚kΛlə] n Ã˳·áñß, ·áñ-
»ñϹÇÙÇ, Ï»Õͳíáñ: ߳ϳåáõÛï ·áõÛÝ:
double-natured [‚dΛbl΄neit∫əd] a »ñϳÏÇ, dove-cot(e) [΄dΛvkəut] n ³Õ³íݳïáõÝ:
»ñϹÇÙÇ: dove-eyed [‚dΛv΄aid] a ³ÝÙ»Õ ï»ëùáí,
double-quick [‚dΛbl΄kwik] a ß³ï ³ñ³·³- Ù»ÕÙ³ãÛ³:
ß³ñÅ: dove-like [΄dΛvlaik] a Ñ»½, Ù»ÕÙ:
douple-spacing [‚dΛbl΄speisiŋ] n »ñÏáõ doveling [΄dΛvliŋ] n ³Õ³íÝÛ³Ï, ³Õ³íÝáõ
ÇÝï»ñí³É (ïå³·ñ»Éáõ ųٳݳÏ): Ó³·:
doublet [dΛblət] n ÏñÏݳÏ. ÏñÏÝûñÇݳÏ. dowager [΄dauədзə] n (ïÇïÕáë³íáñ ³ÝÓÇ)
¹áõμÉ»ï. (é³¹Çá) »ñÏμ¨»é ³Ýï»Ýݳ£ ³ÛñÇ ÏÇÝ. the Queen ~ ³ÛñÇ Ã³·áõÑÇ:
double talk [‚dΛbl΄tɔ:k] n Ï»ÕÍ/Ï»Õͳíáñ dowdy [΄daudi] a ³Ý׳߳Ï, ³Ý×áéÝÇ,
Ëáë³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ: ÷ÝÃÇ. a ~ woman ³Ý×³ß³Ï ÏÇÝ. ~ clothes
doubly [΄dΛbli] adv ÏñÏݳÏÇ, ÏñÏݳ- ³Ý׳߳Ï/³Ý×áéÝÇ Ñ³·áõëï:
å³ïÇÏ. be ~ careful ÏñÏݳÏÇ áõß³¹Çñ dower [΄dauə] n ³Ûñáõ ûñÇÝ³Ï³Ý μ³ÅÇÝ.
ÉÇÝ»É: ûÅÇï. μݳÍÇÝ ï³Õ³Ý¹:
doubt [daut] v ϳëϳͻÉ, ï³ñ³Ïáõë»É, down I [daun] n ³Õí³Ù³½, ³Õí³÷»ïáõñ:
ãíëï³Ñ»É. í³ñ³Ý»É. There is no ~ γëÏ³Í down II [daun] n μÉáõñ, μÉñ³í³Ûñ, ³í³½³-
ãϳ, ³ÝϳëϳÍ. beyond/without ~ ϳëϳ- μÉáõñ:
ÍÇó í»ñ, ³ÝϳëϳÍ. some/grave ~s áñáß/ down III [daun] n í³Ûñ¿çù, ½³éÇí³Ûñ. ups
Éáõñç ϳëϳÍÝ»ñ. raise a ~ ϳëÏ³Í ³é³- and ~s ÷Ëμ. í»ñ»Éù ¨ í³Ûñ¿çù (ÏÛ³ÝùÇ).
ç³óÝ»É. throw ~ on ϳëϳÍÇ ï³Ï ¹Ý»É. set- μ³ËïÇ ÷á÷á˳ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ. have a ~ on
tle one’s ~s ϳëϳÍÁ ÷³ñ³ï»É. make ~s smb ݻճݳÉ, çÕ³ÛݳݳÉ. ~ payment
ϳëϳͻÉ. make no ~s ѳÙá½í³Í ÉÇÝ»É, ϳÝ˳í׳ñ:
ãϳëϳͻÉ. ~ the truth of smth/the facts ϳë- down [daun] adv Ý»ñù¨, ¹»åÇ ó³Í. Ý»ñ-
ϳÍÇ ï³Ï ³éÝ»É ×ßÙ³ñïáõÃÛáõÝÁ/÷³ë- ù¨áõÙ, ó³ÍÇ Ù³ëáõÙ. go ~ (in the lift) /í»ñ»-
ï»ñÇ ÇñáÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ. very much ~ smth ËÇëï ɳÏáí Ý»ñù¨ ÇçÝ»É. go ~ south ѳñ³í ·Ý³É.
ϳëϳͻÉ. I ~ed him all along ºë ³ÙμáÕç go ~ to the country ·ÛáõÕ ·Ý³É. The aeroplane
Å³Ù³Ý³Ï Ï³ëϳÍáõÙ ¿Ç Ýñ³Ý: is ~ ÆÝùݳÃÇéÁ í³Ûñ¿çù ¿ ϳï³ñ»É. He’s
doubtful [΄dautfl] a ϳëϳͳÝùáí ÉÇ, ³Ý- just come ~ from Oxford ܳ Ñ»Ýó Ýáñ
å³ñ½, ϳëϳͻÉÇ. a ~ character ϳëϳͻÉÇ ³í³ñï»É ¿ úùëýáñ¹Á, úùëýáñ¹Çó
ïÇå. The weather looks ~ ºÕ³Ý³ÏÇ íñ³ ³ñÓ³Ïáõñ¹ ¿ »Ï»É. Ùñ½. be ~ and out
down 258 draff

ÝáϳáõïÇ Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É. be one ~ ÙÇ Ùdzíáñ is going ~ üÇñÙ³ÛÇ ·áñÍ»ñÁ í³ïóñ³ÝáõÙ


å³Ï³ë áõݻݳÉ. (ù³Ý³ÏÇ å³Ï³ëáõÙ, »Ý. My grandfather is going ~ ÷Ëμ. ä³åÇÏë
Ýí³½áõÙ) bring ~ the price ·ÇÝÁ å³Ï³ë»ó- ï»ÕÇ ¿ ï³ÉÇë/ïϳñ³ÝáõÙ ¿:
Ý»É. boil ~ »é³Éáí å³Ï³ë»É. The temperature downpour [΄daunpɔ:] n ѻջÕ, ï»Õ³ï³-
is much ~ æ»ñÙ³ëïÇ׳ÝÁ ½·³ÉÇ ã³÷áí ñ³÷:
Ýí³½»É ¿. be ~ ÃáõɳݳÉ. calm ~ ѳݷëï³- downright [΄daunrait] a ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ, ßÇï³Ï. ~
ݳÉ, ѳݹ³ñïí»É. Demand is ~ ä³Ñ³Ý- nonsense μ³ó³Ñ³Ûï/³ÏÝѳÛï ÑÇÙ³ñáõ-
ç³ñÏÁ Ýí³½»É ¿. ~ with flue ·ñÇåáí ÑÇ- ÃÛáõÝ. a ~ lie μ³ó³ñÓ³Ï ëáõï:
í³Ý¹/å³éÏ³Í ÉÇÝ»É. ~ in black and white downstairs [‚daun΄steəz]1. adv Ý»ñù¨, ó³Í.
ë¨áí ëåÇï³ÏÇ íñ³ ·ñí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. come ~ go/come ~ (³ëïÇ׳ÝÝ»ñáí) Ý»ñù¨ ÇçÝ»É.
on one ѳñÓ³Ïí»É. be (a bit ) ~ í³ï ïñ³- (Ý»ñù¨áõÙ, Ý»ñù¨Ç ѳñÏáõÙ. ) be/wait ~ Ý»ñ-
Ù³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É. hand ~ ë»ñݹÇó ë»- ù¨áõÙ ÉÇÝ»É/ëå³ë»É. live ~ Ý»ñù¨Ç/³é³çÇÝ
ñáõݹ ÷á˳Ýó»É. (ųٳݳÏ, ÁݹÑáõå ѳñÏáõÙ ³åñ»É. fall ~ ³ëïÇ׳ÝÝ»ñÇó
ÙÇÝã¨) ~ to the present time ÙÇÝ㨠³ÛÅÙ/ í³Ûñ ÁÝÏÝ»É. 2. a Ý»ñù¨Ç ѳñÏáõÙ ·ïÝíáÕ:
³Ûëûñ. read ~ to the last ÙÇÝ㨠í»ñçÇÝ ¿çÁ downstream [‚daun΄stri:m] adv Ñáë³ÝùÝ Ç
ϳñ¹³É. ~ to the time of Shakespeare ÁݹÑáõå í³Ûñ, Ñáë³ÝùÇ áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ:
ÙÇÝ㨠޻ùëåÇñÇ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³ßñç³ÝÁ. D~ downtown [‚daun΄taun] n (²ØÜ) ù³Õ³ùÇ
with! ÎáñãÇ!: Ï»ÝïñáÝ/·áñͳñ³ñ Ù³ë:
down [daun] prep. Ý»ñù¨, áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ, ÁÝ- downtrodden [΄dauntrɒdn] a áïݳÏáË
óóÇÏ. look ~ ó³Í ݳۻÉ. walk ~ hill μÉñÇó ³ñí³Í, ×Ýßí³Í. a bit ~ ÙÇ ùÇã/÷áùñ
ó³Í/Ý»ñù¨ ÇçÝ»É. ~ the river ·»ïÇ Ñáë³ÝùÇ ×Ýßí³Í:
áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ. ~ thr road ׳ݳå³ñÑÇ »ñ- downward [΄daunwəd] a í³ñÁÝóó ÇçÝáÕ.
ϳÛÝùáí. go ~ town ù³Õ³ùÇ Ï»ÝïñáÝ a ~ slope/path í³ñÁÝóó/Ý»ñù¨ ï³ÝáÕ
·Ý³É. ~ wind ù³Ùáõ áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ. up and ~ ³ñ³Ñ»ï. a ~ tendency Ýí³½»Éáõ/ÇçÝ»Éáõ
í»ñ áõ í³ñ, »ï áõ ³é³ç: ѳÏáõÙ:
down [daun] v ÇçÝ»É, Çç»óÝ»É. Ñݳ½³Ý¹»ó- downwards [΄daunwədz] adv Ý»ñù¨, ¹»åÇ
Ý»É, »ÝóñÏ»É. ѳÕûÉ, ѳÕóѳñ»É. ~ í³ñ/ó³Í. face ~ »ñ»ëÝÇí³Ûñ:
tools ³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ ¹³¹³ñ»óÝ»É. (ÏáõÉ ï³É) downy [΄dauni] a ³Õí³Ù³½, ÷³÷ϳٳ½:
~ the medicine/food ¹»ÕÁ/áõï»ÉÇùÁ ÏáõÉ ï³É. dowry [΄dauri] n ûÅÇï. bring ~ to one’s mar-
~ a glass of beer ÙÇ μ³Å³Ï ·³ñ»çáõñ ÏáõÉ riage ûÅÇï μ»ñ»É:
ï³É: doze [dəuz] n ÝÇÝç, ÝÇñÑ. ÏÇë³ùáõÝ íÇ׳Ï.
downcast [΄daunka:st] a ·»ïÇÝ Ñ³é³Í/Ëá- have a ~ ÝÝç»É:
ݳñÑí³Í(ѳ۳óù). with ~ eyes/look ³ãù»- doze [dəuz] v ÝÝç»É, ÝÇñÑ»É. ~ off in the chair
ñÁ/ѳ۳óùÁ ·»ïÝÇÝ Ñ³é³Í/ËáݳñÑí³Í. μ³½Ï³ÃáéÇ Ù»ç ÝÇñÑ»É:
(ÁÝÏ×í³Í, íѳïí³Í) with a ~ expression dozen [΄dΛzn] n ¹ÛáõÅÇÝ (12ѳï). by the ~s
ÁÝÏ×í³Í ï»ëùáí. be ~ ÁÝÏ×í³Í/íѳïí³Í ¹ÛáõÅÇÝÝ»ñáí. ~s Ù»Í ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ~s of
ÉÇÝ»É: people Ù»Í ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùμ ÅáÕáíáõñ¹.
downfall [΄daunfɔ:l] n ï»Õ³ï³ñ³÷, Ñáñ¹ baker’s/devil’s ~ 13 ѳï. ~s of times ѳñ-
³ÝÓñ¨. áõÅ»Õ ÓÛáõÝ. (³ÝÏáõÙ, ÏáñͳÝáõÙ) Ûáõñ/ѳ½³ñ ³Ý·³ÙÝ»ñ. talk 19 to the ~
His ~ was due to gambling Üñ³ ³ÝÏÙ³Ý/Ïáñ- ÷Ëμ. ß³ï³Ëáë»É, ã³ã³Ý³Ï»É:
ͳÝÙ³Ý å³ï׳éÁ ˳ճÙáÉáõÃÛáõÝÝ ¿ñ: dozy [΄dəuzi] a ùݳÍ, ÃÙñ³Í, ÝÇñÑáÕ:
downgrade [΄daungeid] v å³ßïáÝÁ Çç»ó- drab [dræb] a ·áñß, Ùé³ÛÉ. ¹Å·áõÛÝ. wear ~
Ý»É: colours ·áñß Ñ³·áõëïÝ»ñ Ïñ»É. Life’s very ~
down-hearted [‚daun΄ha:tid] a íѳïí³Í, ÎÛ³ÝùÁ ß³ï Ùdzå³Õ³Õ/ï³ÕïáõÏ ¿:
Ñáõë³Éùí³Í, ïñïáõÙ. Don’t be ~ ØÇ íѳï- drab [dræb] n ·áñß ¹³ñãݳ·áõÛÝ. ·áñßáõ-
íÇ°ñ: ÃÛáõÝ. Ùdzå³Õ³ÕáõÃÛáõÝ:
down-hill [‚daun΄hil]1. a ûù, ½³éÇí³Ûñ. 2. drabble [΄dræbl] v ó»Ëáï(í)»É, Ãñç(í)»É:
v. μÉáõñÝ/ë³ñÝ Ç í³Ûñ. go ~ ݳ¨ª ÷Ëμ. draff [dræf] n Ï»Õï³çáõñ, Ëá½Ç Ï»ñ. ³Ý-
í³ï³Ý³É, í³ïóñ³Ý³É. The firm/business å»ïù Ùݳóáñ¹:
draft 259 draught beer

draft [dra:ft] n ·Í³·Çñ, áõñí³·ÇÍ, åɳÝ, drain [drein] v ãáñ³óÝ»É, ó³Ù³ù»óÝ»É. ~


ѳï³Ï³·ÇÍ, ݳ˳·ÇÍ. é½Ù. ½áñ³Ïáã. swamps ׳ÑÇ×Ý»ñ ãáñ³óÝ»É. ~ a wound
ýÇÝ. ã»Ï, ã»Ïáí ëï³ó³Í ¹ñ³Ù. ÙÇç³ÝóÇÏ μÅßÏ. í»ñùÁ ¹ñ»Ý³Å»É. (¹³ï³ñÏ»É, å³ñ-
ù³ÙÇ, û¹Ç Ñáë³Ýù. a rough ~ 먳·Çñ ûñÇ- å»É) ~ water from a bottle çáõñÁ ßßÇó ¹³-
ݳÏ. a rough ~ of speech/letter/plan »ÉáõÛÃÇ/ ï³ñÏ»É. be ~ed of energy »é³Ý¹Á ëå³éí»É.
ݳٳÏÇ/ѳï³Ï³·ÍÇ áõñí³·ÇÍ. The work The river ~s into the sea ¶»ïÁ ó÷íáõÙ ¿
is ready in ~ ²ß˳ï³ÝùÇ ë¨³·Çñ ûñÇݳÏÁ ÍáíÁ. leave the dishes to ~ ³Ù³ÝÝ»ñÁ ãáñ³ó-
å³ïñ³ëï ¿. a final/corrected ~ í»ñçݳϳÝ/ Ý»É. ÃáÕÝ»É, áñ ãáñ³Ý³:
Ù³ùñ³·Çñ ûñÇݳÏ. a ~ bill /contract Çñ³í., drainage [΄dreinidз] n ó³Ù³ù»óáõÙ, ãáñ³-
ùÕù. ûñ»ÝùÇ/å³Ûٳݳ·ñÇ Ý³Ë³·ÇÍ: óáõÙ. ¹ñ»Ý³Å. ÏáÛáõÕÇ, Ï»Õï³çáõñ. μÅßÏ.
draft [dra:ft] v ݳ˳·ÇÍ/ѳï³Ï³·ÇÍ ¹ñ»Ý³Å:
ϳ½Ù»É. áõñí³·Í»É, 먳·ñáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É. drainage-basin [΄dreinidз‚beisn] n ·»ïÇ
½áñ³Ïáã»É. ~ the letter /a contract ݳٳ- ³í³½³Ý:
ÏÇ/å³Ûٳݳ·ñÇ Ý³Ë³·ÇÍÁ ϳ½Ù»É. be drainer [΄dreinə] n ãáñ³óÝáÕ ë³ñù. dish ~
~ed into the army ½áñ³Ïáãí»É: ³Ù³Ý»Õ»Ý ãáñ³óÝáÕ ë³ñù:
draftee [dra:f΄ti:] n ³Ù. ½áñ³ÏáãÇÏ: drake I [dreik] n áñÓ/³ñáõ μ³¹:
draft-horse [΄dra:fthɔ:s] n μ»éݳï³ñ ÓÇ: drake II [dreik] n ÷áùñÇÏ Ë³ñÇëË:
draftsman [΄dra:ftsmən] n ·Í³·ñÇã, ·Í³- dramatic [drə΄mætik] a ¹ñ³Ù³ïÇϳϳÝ,
·ñáÕ. ûñÇݳ·Í»ñ ϳ½ÙáÕ: ¹ñ³Ù³ïǽÙáí ÉÇ. ÷Ëμ. ³½¹»óáõóÇã. ~
drag [dræg] n ͳÝñ ó³ù³Ý. ³ñ·»É³Ï. ¹³Ý- changes ½·³ÉÇ ÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ:
¹³ÕáõÙ. μ»é, ͳÝñ å³ñï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: dramatics [drə΄mætiks] n ¹ñ³Ù³ïÇϳϳÝ
drag [dræg] v ù³ß»É, ù³ñß»É, Ó·»É, ù³ñß ³ñí»ëï/»ñÏ. Ý»ñϳ۳óáõÙ:
·³É. ~ one’s feet áïù»ñÁ ù³ñß ï³É. ~ the car dramatis personae [‚dræmətispə:΄səunai] n
Ù»ù»Ý³Ý μáõùëÇñáí ù³ß»É. ~ apart Çñ³ñÇó
óïñ. ·áñÍáÕ ³ÝÓÇÝù:
μ³Å³Ý»É. ~ away(from the window)/ å³ïáõ-
dramatist [΄dræmətist] n ¹ñ³Ù³ïáõñ·,
óï»ñ³·Çñ:
ѳÝÇó /»ï ù³ß»É. ~ ged down (by the current)
Ñáë³Ýùáí ó³Í ï³ñí»É. ù³ßí»É. ~ out
dramatize [΄dræmətaiz] v ¹ñ³Ù³ÛÇ í»ñ³-
Í»É. μ»Ù³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É:
¹áõñë ù³ß»É. ~ out the box ³ñÏÕÁ ¹áõñë ù³-
ß»É. ~ smn off to the ËëÏó. ѳ½Çí ÙÇ ï»Õ
drape [dreip] v ½³ñ¹³ñ»É. í³ñ³·áõñ»É
(Ïïáñ»Õ»Ýáí, ·áñ·»ñáí ¨ ³ÛÉÝ) ÷³-
ù³ñß ï³É. ~ behind the others ÙÛáõëÝ»ñÇ
óÃí»É. ~ a blanket round oneself ͳÍÏáóáí
Ñ»ï¨Çó ù³ß ·³É. The case ~ged on ·áñÍÁ
÷³Ã³Ãí»É:
Ó·Ó·íáõÙ ¿ñ. The days/years ~ged by úñ»-
draper [΄dreipə] n Ïïáñ»Õ»Ý í³×³éáÕ:
ñÁ/î³ñÇÝ»ñÁ Ó·íáõÙ ¿ÇÝ:
drapery [΄dreipəri] n Ïïáñ»Õ»Ý. Ïïáñ»Õ»-
draggle [΄drægl] v ù³ß/ù³ñß ·³É. ó»Ëáï- ÝÇ Ë³ÝáõÃ. ͳɳ½³ñ¹³ñ³Ýù (Ïïáñ»Õ»-
í»É:
Ýáí, í³ñ³·áõÛñÝ»ñáí). ~ department Ïïá-
drag-net [΄drægnet] n ÷áùñÇÏ áõéϳÝ: ñ»Õ»ÝÇ μ³ÅÇÝ:
dragoman [΄drægəmən] n óñ·Ù³Ý (²ñ¨»É- drastic [΄dræstik] a ÏïñáõÏ, ëáõñ. ËÇëï. ~
ùáõÙ): measures ËÇï/ÏïñáõÏ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ. ~ changes
dragon [΄drægən] n ³é³ëå»É³Ï³Ý è³íáñ ³ñÙ³ï³Ï³Ý ÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. ~ reduc-
íÇß³å, ¹ñ³ÏáÝ: tions ÑëÏ³Û³Ï³Ý ½»Õã:
dragon-fly [΄drægənflai] n ×åáõé: draught [dra:ft] n ÙÇç³ÝóÇÏ ù³ÙÇ, ÙÇç³Ý-
drain [drein] n çñ³ï³ñ/¹ñ»Ý³Å³ÛÇÝ ËáÕá- ó³Ñáí. Ó·áÕáõÃÛáõÝ, û¹³ù³ñßáõÃÛáõÝ.
í³Ï. the ~s ÏáÛáõÕáõ ËáÕáí³Ï, çñ³ï³ñ μÅßÏ. Ñ»ÕáõÏ ¹»ÕÇ ¹á½³. Íáí. ݳíÇ
³éáõ. The ~ is blocked ÊáÕáí³ÏÁ Ëó³Ýí³Í Ýëïí³ÍùÁ çñáõÙ. çñ³ï³ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. sit in
¿. ÷Ëμ. a ~ on one’s health ³éáÕçáõÃÛ³Ý ù³Û- a ~ ÙÇç³ÝóÇÏ ù³Ùáõ Ù»ç Ýëï»É. ~s
ù³ÛÙ³Ý å³ï׳é a ~ on country’s resources ï³Ù³(Û³)˳Õ. (ÏáõÙ, áõÙå) at one ~ ÙÇ
»ñÏñÇ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ ëå³éáõÙ. the brain ~ ÏáõÙáí. drink at a ~ ÙÇ ßÝãáí ËÙ»É:
áõÕ»ÕÝ»ñÇ Ñáëù ³ñï³ë³ÑÙ³Ý/³ñï³- draught beer [΄dra:ftbiə] n ï³Ï³éÇ ·³-
Ñáëù£ ñ»çáõñ:
draughtboard 260 dread

draughtboard [΄dra:ftbɔ:d] n ï³Ù³Ë³- áã áùÇ. They drew àã áùÇ Ë³Õ³óÇÝ. ~ ahead


ÕÇ/·Í³·ñ³Ï³Ý ï³Ëï³Ï: Ùñ½. ³é³ç ³ÝóÝ»É. ~ aside ÙÇ ÏáÕÙ ï³Ý»É/
draughtsman [΄dra:ftsmən] n ï³Ù³ (˳- ù³ß»É. He drew me aside ܳ ÇÝÓ ÙÇ ÏáÕÙ
Õ³ù³ñ): ï³ñ³í. ~ back Ñ»ï ·Ý³É/ ù³ßí»É/ï³Ý»É ~
draw [drɔ:] n ù³ßáõÙ, Ó·áõÙ, ɳñáõÙ. íÇ׳- in Ý»ñë ù³ß»É. ϳñ׳ݳÉ. The days are ~ing
ϳѳÝáõÙ. Ùñ½. áã áùÇ Ë³Õ. Ùñ½. Ùñó³- in úñ»ñÁ ϳñ׳ÝáõÙ »Ý. ~ near Ùáï»Ý³É.
ß³ñÇ Ë³Õ³ó³Ýó. ßÇÝ. ϳÙáõñçÇ μ³óíáÕ Spring is ~ing near ¶³ñáõÝÁ Ùáï»ÝáõÙ ¿. ~ out
Ù³ëÁ. ~ tampering ˳ճó³ÝóÇ áã ûμÛ»Ï- ¹áõñë ù³ß»É/μ»ñ»É. ѳݻÉ, »ñϳñ»É. Days
ïÇí ϳ½ÙáõÙ. main ~ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý Ë³Õ³- are ~ing out úñ»ñÁ »ñϳñáõÙ »Ý. ~ up ù³ß»É,
ó³Ýó. The game ended in a ~ ʳÕÁ áã áùÇ Ó·»É. ~ up a boat ݳí³ÏÁ ³÷ÇÝ Ùáï»ó-
³í³ñïí»ó. (˳ÛÍ, Ññ³åáõñÇã μ³Ý) The Ý»É/Ùáï ù³ß»É:
new play is a great ~ Üáñ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõÙÁ Ù»Í draw II [drɔ:] v ·Í»É, Ýϳñ»É. ݳ˳-
·ÇÍ/÷³ëï³ÃáõÕà ϳ½Ù»É:
ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùμ ѳݹÇë³ï»ë ¿ ·ñ³íáõÙ:
draw I [drɔ:] v ù³ß»É, Ó·»É, ù³ß ï³É. ~ a drawback [΄drɔ:bæk] n ûñáõÃÛáõÝ, å³Ï³-
ëáõÃÛáõÝ. the chief ~ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý Ã»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ.
boat/cart ݳí³Ï/ë³ÛÉ ù³ß»É/ù³ß ï³É. ~ the
³ÝÝå³ëï ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
curtain í³ñ³·áõÛñÁ μ³ó»É. ~ blinds í³ñ³-
·áõÛñÁ Çç»óÝ»É. ~ a bow ³Õ»ÕÁ Ó·»É. ~ a knot
drawbridge [΄drɔ:bridз] n μ³óíáÕ/μ³ñÓ-
ñ³óíáÕ Ï³Ùáõñç:
ѳݷáõÛóÁ Ó·»É. ~ oneself up Ó·í»É. His face
was ~n ¸»ÙùÁ Ó·í»ó/ɳñí»ó. (ßáõÝã) ù³ß»É
drawer I [΄drɔ:ə] n ¹³ñ³Ï, ·½ñáó. up-
per/bottom ~ í»ñ¨Ç/Ý»ñù¨Ç ¹³ñ³Ï. pull out/
~ a deep breath ËáñÁ ßáõÝã ù³ß»É. stop to ~ a
in a ~ ¹³ñ³ÏÁ ¹áõñë ù³ß»É/Ý»ñë ï³Ý»É:
breath ϳݷ ³éÝ»É ßáõÝã ù³ß»Éáõ ѳٳñ. ~
the first/last breath ÍÝí»É, Ù»éÝ»É. (¹áõñë ù³-
drawer II [΄drɔ:ə] n í׳ñ³·Çñ ïíáÕ ³ÝÓ:
ß»É, ѳݻÉ, Ñ»é³óÝ»É) ~ nails ٻ˻ñÁ ѳ-
drawers [΄drɔ:z] n pl í³ñïÇù, ³Ý¹ñ³í³ñ-
ïÇù (ïÕ³Ù³ñ¹áõ):
Ý»É/¹áõñë ù³ß»É. ~ a cork Ëó³ÝÁ ѳݻÉ. ~ a
tooth ³ï³ÙÁ ù³ß»É. ~ water from a well
drawing [΄drɔ:iŋ] n ÝϳñãáõÃÛáõÝ, ·Í³·ñáõ-
ÃÛáõÝ. ï»Ë. Ýϳñ, ·Í³·Çñ. ~ board ·Í³-
çñÑáñÇó çáõñ ѳݻÉ. ~ money from the bank
·ñ³Ï³Ý ï³Ëï³Ï. ~ paper ·Í³·ñ»Éáõ/
μ³ÝÏÇó ÷áÕ Ñ³Ý»É. ~ money for expenses
ÝϳñãáõÃÛ³Ý ÃáõÕÃ. ~ pin 먻é³Ï, 먻é³-
ͳËë»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ÷áÕ í»ñóÝ»É. ~ one’s
·³Ù. Ïá×·³Ù. ~ pen ·Í³ù³ß, é»Ûëý»¹»ñ£
salary ³ß˳ï³í³ñÓÁ ëï³Ý³É. ~ up a
cheque í׳ñ³·Çñ ¹áõñë ·ñ»É. (ϳ½Ù»É) ~
drawing-block [΄drɔ:iŋblɒk] n Ýϳñã³-
Ï³Ý ï»ïñ³Ï:
up a contract å³Ûٳݳ·ñÇ Ý³Ë³·ÇÍ å³ï-
ñ³ëï»É. (ѻ層óÝ»É, »½ñ³Ï³óÝ»É) ~ a con-
drawing-room [΄drɔ:iŋru:m] n ÑÛáõñ³ë»Ý-
Û³Ï:
clusion »½ñ³Ï³óáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É. ~ a distinc-
tion/comparison ï³ñμ»ñ³ÏáõÙ ¹Ý»É, ½áõ·³-
drawl [drɔ:l] n ¹³Ý¹³Õ³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝ. Íá-
ñ³Ý ³ñï³ë³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. He ~s ܳ μ³é»ñÁ
Ñ»é ³ÝóϳóÝ»É. ~ a lesson ¹³ë ù³Õ»É. ~ ap-
Ó·»Éáí ¿ ËáëáõÙ:
plause ͳ÷»ñ í³ëï³Ï»É/³é³ç³óÝ»É. ~ a
tears ³ñóáõÝù ³é³ç³óÝ»É. ~ attention
drawl [drɔ:l] v ¹³Ý¹³Õáñ»Ý Ëáë»É, Íáñ³-
Éáí ³ñï³ë³Ý»É:
áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ·ñ³í»É. ~ a large audience Ù»Í
Éë³ñ³Ý ·ñ³í»É. He felt ~n to Üñ³Ý ¹³
drawn [drɔ:n] a ãí×éí³Í, ãáñáßí³Í. áã áùÇ
³í³ñïí³Í. a ~ game áã áùÇ ³í³ñïí³Í
Ó·áõÙ ¿ñ. ~ lots íÇ×³Ï Ñ³Ý»É. ~ a prize/a
˳Õ. a face ~ with pain ó³íÇó ³ÛɳÛÉí³Í/
blank in a lottery íÇ׳ϳ˳Õáõ٠ѳçáÕ³Ï/
Ó·í³Í ¹»Ùù. look ~ ¹»ÙùÇ ³Ýáñáß ³ñï³-
¹³ï³ñÏ ïáÙë ѳݻÉ. (Ýϳñ»É, ·Í»É) ~ a
ѳÛïáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ:
cat/a plan/a map ϳïáõ Ýϳñ»É, åÉ³Ý ·Í»É,
·ÇÍ ù³ß»É. Íáí. Ýëïí³Íù áõÝ»Ý³É The ship
dray [drei] n Ódzë³ÛÉ:
~s 40 feet ܳíÝ áõÝÇ 40 áïݳã³÷
dray-horse [΄dreihɔ:s] n μ»éݳù³ß ÓÇ:
Ýëïí³Íù. (ÃñÙ»É, ¹áõñë ï³É) let the tea ~
drayman [΄dreimən] n μ»éݳÏÇñ ë³ÛÉáñ¹:
ÃáÕÝ»É Ã»ÛÁ ÃñÙÇ. (û¹³ù³ñßáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»-
dread [dred] v ëáëϳÉ, ë³ñë³÷»É. ~ illness
ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝÇó í³Ë»Ý³É. ~ rersponsibiliy
ݳÉ, ù³ß»É) The chimney ~s well ÌËÝ»ÉáõÛ½Á
å³ï³ë˳ݳïíáõÃÛáõÝÇó ëáëϳÉ. ~
É³í ¿ ù³ßáõÙ. The stove won’t draw ì³é³ñ³-
going to the dentist ³ï³ÙݳμáõÛÅÇó ë³ñ-
ÝÁ ãÇ Ó·áõÙ. ~ level with ѳí³ë³ñí»É. Ùñ½.
ë³÷»É:
dreadful 261 dressy

dreadful [΄dredfl] a ³Ñ³íáñ, ëáëϳÉÇ, be ~ed ÉñÇí Ãñçí»É. ~ed to the skin ÙÇÝ㨠áë-
ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ. ËëÏó. ³Ý¹áõñ»Ï³Ý, ï³Õï- ÏáñÝ»ñÁ Ãñçí³Í. 2. n ÃñçáõÙ. ï»Õ³-
ϳÉÇ. ~ fire/wind/accident/tragedy/earthquake ï³ñ³÷ ³ÝÓñ¨:
³Ñ³íáñ Ññ¹»Ñ/ù³ÙÇ. ëáëϳÉÇ å³ï³Ñ³ñ/ drencher [΄drent∫ə] n ËëÏó. Ñáñ¹/ï»Õ³ï³-
áÕμ»ñ·áõÃÛáõÝ. ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ »ñÏñ³ß³ñÅ: ñ³÷ ³ÝÓñ¨:
dream [dri:m] n »ñ³½. have a ~ »ñ³½ ï»ë- dress [dres] n ½·»ëï, ѳ·áõëï, ßáñ. ͳÍ-
Ý»É. bad/pleasant/foolish/terrible ~ í³ï/ѳ׻- ÏáõÛÃ, í»ñݳ߻ñï. evening/full length ~
ÉÇ/ÑÇÙ³ñ/ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ »ñ³½. (»ñ³½³Ýù. (ݳ¨ª ~ clothes) »ñ»ÏáÛ³Ý/»ñϳñ ѳ·áõëï
³Ýáõñç, óÝáñù) It’s my ~ to be an actor ÆÙ (ϳݳóÇ). (ïÕ³Ù³ñ¹áõ) ýñ³Ï. cotton/lin-
»ñ³½³ÝùÁ ¹»ñ³ë³Ý ¹³éݳÉÝ ¿. go about en/woollen ~ μ³Ùμ³ÏÇ/ù³Ã³Ý»/μñ¹Û³ ßáñ.
in a (day) ~ ûñÁ ó»ñ»Ïáí/ѳñÃÙÝÇ ³Ýñç»É. fashionable/out-of-date/Ûclose-fitting/loose Ùá-
beyond one’s wildest ~s »ñ³½³ÝùÇó ³í»ÉÇ ¹³ÛÇÏ/ Ñݳá×/ÏÇå/³½³ï ѳ·áõëï. fancy
ÉÇÝ»É, ÝáõÛÝÇëÏ ã»ñ³½»É. ~ house/profession ~ ¹Çٳϳѳݹ»ëÇ Ñ³·áõëï full ~ ïáݳ-
»ñ³½³Í ïáõÝ/Ù³ëݳ·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ land/ Ï³Ý ßù³Ñ³·áõëï. low ~ Ëáñ ¹»ÏáÉï»
world »ñ³½Ý»ñÇ ³ß˳ñÑ: áõÝ»óáÕ Ñ³·áõëï. morning ~ ï³Ý ½·»ëï,
dream [dri:m] v »ñ³½/»ñ³½áõÙ ï»ëÝ»É. I ˳ɳÃ:
thought I was ~ing ÆÝÓ Ãí³ó, û »ñ³½áõÙ »Ù/ dress [dres] v ѳ·Ýí»É, ѳ·óÝ»É. ½áõ·í»É,
»ñ³½ »Ù ï»ëÝáõÙ. ~ about one’s home »ñ³- ½³ñ¹³ñí»É. ~ a child »ñ»Ë³ÛÇÝ Ñ³·óÝ»É. ~
½áõÙ ïáõÝÁ/ѳÛñ»ÝÇ ûç³ËÁ ï»ëÝ»É. ~ of onesel ѳ·Ýí»É. ~ well ɳí ѳ·Ýí»É. ~ed in
going to Paris »ñ³½»É ö³ñǽ ·Ý³É. ~ of suc- white ëåÇï³Ï ѳ·³Í. ~ed up ½áõ·í³Í,
cess »ñ³½»É ѳçáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ëÝ»É. ~ away ½³ñ¹³ñí³Í. ~ up as Father Christmas ÓÙ»é
one’s life »ñ³½Ý»ñáí ³åñ»É. (Ùïùáí ³Ýó- å³åÇÇ ßáñ»ñ ѳ·³Í. (ë³Ýñ»É, ѳñ¹³-
Ý»É, Ùï³Í»É) I never ~ed of... ºñμ»ù Ùïùáíë ñ»É) ~ one’s hair, have one`s hair ~ed Ù³½»ñÁ
ã¿ñ ³ÝóÝÇ... He wouldn’t ~ of troubling me ë³Ýñ»É/ѳñ¹³ñ»É. ~ a shop window óáõó³-
Üñ³ ÙïùáíÝ ³Ý·³Ù ã¿ñ ³ÝóÝÇ ÇÝÓ ³Ý- ÷»ÕÏÁ Ó¨³íáñ»É. ~ leather ϳßÇÝ Ù߳ϻÉ. ~
ѳݷëï³óÝ»É: a salad ë³É³ÃÁ/³Õó³ÝÁ ѳٻٻÉ. ~ a wound
dreamer [΄dri:mə] n »ñ³½áÕ, óÝáñ³ÙáÉ: μÅßÏ. í»ñùÁ Ù߳ϻÉ/ϳå»É. é½Ù. ѳ-
dreamily [΄dri:mili] a ùÝÏáï, ÏÇë³ùáõÝ: í³ë³ñí»É right/left ~! ¹»åÇ ³ç/Ó³Ë Ñ³í³-
dreamless [΄dri:mləs] a ³Ý»ñ³½, ³é³Ýó ë³ñíÇñ ~ the field ·Õï. ÑáÕÁ å³ñ³ñï³ó-
»ñ³½Ý»ñÇ: Ý»É:
dreamlike [΄dri:mlaik] a Ñ»ùdzóÛÇÝ, ³ÝÇ- dresser [΄dresə] n ËáѳÝáóÇ å³Ñ³ñ³Ý/ë»-
ñ³Ï³Ý, óÝáñ³Ï³Ý: Õ³Ý. ³Ù., ËëÏó. ½³ñ¹³ë»Õ³Ý:
dreamy [΄dri:mi] a »ñ³½Ïáï, »ñ¨³Ï³Û³- dressing [΄dresiŋ] n ËÑñ. ѳٻÙáõÝù, Ï»-
ϳÝ. look ~ »ñ³½Ïáï ï»ëù áõݻݳÉ: ñ³Ïñ³ë³ñù. μÅßÏ. íÇñ³Ï³å, íÇñ³Ï³-
dreary [΄driəri] a Ùé³ÛÉ, ï³ÕïϳÉÇó, åáõÃÛ³Ý ÝÛáõûñ. (ѳݹÇÙ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ݳ-
ïËáõñ. a ~ room Ùé³ÛÉ ë»ÝÛ³Ï. ~ thoughts ˳ïÇÝù) give a good ~ ɳí ݳ˳-
Ùé³ÛÉ Ùïù»ñ. ~ weather ë³éÁ/ÃáõËå »Õ³- ï»É/ßßåé»É:
ݳÏ. a ~ programme ï³ÕïϳÉÇ Íñ³·Çñ: dressing-case [΄dresiŋkeis] n ¹»Õáñ³ÛùÇ
dredge [dredз] n ï»Ë. ÑáÕ³Ñ³Ý Ù»ù»Ý³ å³Ûáõë³Ï:
(ݳ¨ª dredger) ¿ùëϳí³ïáñ, ¹ñ³·³: dressing-gown [΄dresiŋgaun] n ï³Ý
dredge [dredз] v ÑáÕ³Ñ³Ý ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñ ½·»ëï, ˳ɳÃ:
ϳï³ñ»É. ~ a river ·»ïÇ ÑáõÝÁ Ëáñ³óÝ»É. dressing-room [΄dresiŋru:m] n ½·»ëï³-
~ up smth from a pond É׳ÏÇ ÙÇçÇó ÇÝã-áñ ë»ÝÛ³Ï, ѳ·Ýí»Éáõ ë»ÝÛ³Ï:
μ³Ý ѳݻÉ: dressing-table [΄dresiŋteibl] n ½³ñ¹³ë»-
dreg(s) [dreg(s)] n ï³Ï³Ýù, Ùñáõñ, ¹Çñï. ~ Õ³Ý:
of coffee ëáõñ×Ç Ùñáõñ. drink to the ~ ÙÇÝ㨠dressmaker [΄dresmeikə] n ¹»ñÓ³ÏáõÑÇ:
ï³ÏÁ ËÙ»É. not a ~ áã ÙÇ Ï³ÃÇÉ. the ~ of so- dressmaking [΄dresmeikiŋ] n ϳݳóÇ Ñ³-
ciety ѳë³ñ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï³Ýù/ó÷- ·áõëïÇ Ï³ñáõÙ/å³ïñ³ëïáõÙ:
Ã÷áõÏÝ»ñ: dressy [΄dresi] n ɳí ѳ·Ýí»É ëÇñáÕ. ßù»Õ/
drench [drent∫]1. v Ãñç»É, áÕáÕ»É. ËÙ»óÝ»É. ·»Õ»óÇÏ Ñ³·áõëï:
dribble 262 dripping-pan

dribble [΄dribl] 1. v ϳûÉ, Íáñ»É, ÃáõùÁ í³- í³Íù). ~ trousers Ëï³Ïï³íÇ ß³Éí³ñ:
½»É. Ùñ½., ýáõïμ. ·Ý¹³ÏÁ ϳñ× Ñ³ñí³Í- drill I [dril] v ëáíáñ»óÝ»É, í³ñÅ»óÝ»É, Ù³ñ-
Ý»ñáí ï³Ý»É. 2. n ÍáñáõÙ, ϳÃÏÃáõÙ. μ³- ½»É. é½Ù. ß³ñ³ÛÇÝ áõëáõóáõÙ ³ÝóÝ»É:
ñ³Ï ³ÝÓñ¨. It’s dribbling ²ÝÓñ¨ ¿ Ù³ÕáõÙ: drill II [dril] v ß³Õ³÷»É, ·³ÛÉÇÏáÝ»É, ͳϻÉ.
drib(b)let [΄driblət] n ÙÇ Ï³ÃÇÉ/÷ßáõñ. ~ a hole/through a plank ³Ýóù ß³Õ³÷»É.
ãÝãÇÝ ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. by ~s ϳÃÇÉ-ϳÃÇÉ. ï³Ëï³ÏÇ ÙÇçáí ³Ýóù μ³ó»É. ~ for oil
ùÇã-ùÇã: ݳíà áñáÝ»É:
dribs [΄dribz] n ËëÏó. by ~s and drabs ß³ï driller [΄drilə] n ß³Õ³÷³Ñ³ïáó. ß³Õ³-
ùÇã ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùμ. Ù»Í ÁݹѳïáõÙÝ»ñáí: ÷áñ¹, Ñáñ³ïáÕ μ³Ýíáñ. Ù³ñ½Çã, Ññ³-
dried [draid] a ãáñ, ãáñ³óñ³Í. ~ milk ϳÃÇ Ñ³Ý·Çã:
÷áßÇ. ~ fruit ãÇñ, ãñ»Õ»Ý: drilling [΄driliŋ] n í³ñÅ»óáõÙ, ·³ÛÉÇÏáÝáõÙ,
drier [΄draiə] n ãáñ³óÝáÕ Ñ³ñÙ³ñ³Ýù. Ñáñ³ïáõÙ. ß³ñù³ó³Ý:
ãáñ³Ýáó:
drink [driŋk] n ËÙÇãù, ËÙ»ÉÇù, ÁÙå»ÉÇù.
soft ~s áã ³ÉÏáÑáɳÛÇÝ ËÙÇãù. strong ~s á·»-
drift [drift] n ¹³Ý¹³Õ Ñáë³Ýù. çñÇ/ù³Ùáõ
ÉÇó ËÙÇãù. small ~ ·³ñ»çáõñ. food and ~ áõ-
Ñáë³Ýùáí ï³Ý»ÉÁ. Íáí. ÁÝóóùÇó ß»ÕáõÙ/
ï»ÉÇù ¨ ËÙ»ÉÇù. take to ~ ѳñμ»óáÕ ¹³é-
ËáïáñáõÙ, ¹ñ»Ûý. ÏáõÛï, ÑáÕÙݳ- /çñ³μ»-
ݳÉ. (ÏáõÙ, áõÙå) take a ~ ÙÇ ÏáõÙ ËÙ»É:
ñáõÏ. snow ~s ÓÛáõݳÏáõÛï. sand ~ ³í³½³-
ÏáõÛï. (áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝ) the ~ of clouds ³Ùå»ñÇ
drink [driŋk] v ËÙ»É, ÁÙå»É. ѳñμ»É. ~ tea/
coffee/milk ûÛ/ëáõñ×/ϳà ËÙ»É. ~ up/down/
áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ/áõÕÕí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ. ÷Ëμ. ï»-
off a glass of beer ÙÇ ·³í³Ã ·³ñ»çáõñ ËÙ»É.
ճ߳ñÅ ~ the drift of the population μݳÏãáõ-
~ hard/heavily, ~ like a fish ѳñμ»óáÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ
ÃÛ³Ý ï»Õ³ß³ñÅÁ. (ÇÙ³ëï, ¹Çï³íáñáõ-
½μ³Õí»É. ~ all one’s earnings μáÉáñ ÷áÕ»ñÁ
ÃÛáõÝ) the ~ of the speech ËáëùÇ ÇÙ³ëïÁ. un-
ËÙÇãùÇ íñ³ ͳËë»É. ÷Ëμ. ³·³Ñáñ»Ý
derstand one’s ~ ÙÇïùÁ Ïé³Ñ»É:
Éë»É, ÏɳݻÉ. ³ñμ»Ý³É. ~ in every word
drift [drift] v ùß»É, ï³Ý»É. ùßí»É, ï³ñí»É. ~ ³·³ÑáõÃÛ³Ùμ ÏÉ³Ý»É Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ μ³éÁ.
the clouds ³Ùå»ñÁ ùß»É/ï³Ý»É. ~ down- ~ to smb/smb ‘s health Ù»ÏÇ Ï»Ý³óÁ ËÙ»É:
stream Ñáë³ÝùÇ áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ ï³ñí»É. The drinkable [΄driŋkəbl] a ËÙ»ÉÇ, ÁÙå»ÉÇ:
tree ~ed ashore ̳éÁ ³÷ ùßí»ó/μ»ñí»ó. drinker [΄driŋkə] n ËÙáÕ, ѳñμ»óáÕ. heavy
(Ïáõï³Ïí»É) Leaves had ~ed into piles î»- ~ Ãáõݹ ËÙáÕ:
ñ¨Ý»ñÁ ÏáõÛï»ñ ¿ÇÝ Ï³½Ù»É. Snow had ~ed drinking-bout [΄driŋkiŋbaut] n ·Çݳñ-
over the road ÒÛáõÝÁ Ïáõï³Ïí»É ¿ñ ׳ݳ- μáõù:
å³ñÑÇ íñ³. ~ through the life ÏÛ³ÝùÇ Ñá- drinking-song [΄driŋkiŋsɒŋ] n ë»Õ³ÝÇ/
ë³Ýùáí ÉáÕ³É/·Ý³É: ËÝçáõÛùÇ »ñ·:
driftage [΄driftidз] n ¹ñ»Ûý, ݳí³ß»ÕáõÙ, drinking-water [΄driŋkiŋ‚wɔ:tə] n ËÙ»Éáõ
ݳí³ËáïáñáõÙ. ³÷ ¹áõñë ·ó³Í ³é³ñ- çáõñ:
ϳݻñ: drip [drip] n ϳÃáó, ϳÃÏÃáõÙ. ϳÃÇÉÝ»ñÇ
drift-ice [΄driftais] n ÉáÕ³óáÕ/¹ñ»ÛýáÕ Ó³ÛÝÁ. a ~ from the ceiling/the tap ϳÃáó
ë³éáõÛó: ³é³ëï³ÕÇó/Íáñ³ÏÇó. He’s a ~ ËëÏó.
drill I [dril] n í³ñÅ»óáõÙ, Ëëï³í³ñÅ»óáõÙ. Ò³ÝÓñ³ÉÇ ³ÝÓݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ ¿:
Ùñ½. Ù³ñ½áõÙ, Ù³ñ½³Ýù. é½Ù. Ù³ñï³Ï³Ý drip [drip] v ϳûÉ, ϳÃÏûÉ, ϳûóÝ»É. ~
í³ñÅ»óáõÙ, ß³ñ³ÛÇÝ áõëáõóáõÙ. fire ~ blood ³ñÛáõÝ Ï³Ã»É. ~ with sweat ùñïÇÝù
ѳϳÑñ¹»Ñ³ÛÇÝ í³ñÅ»óáõÙ/áõëáõóáõÙ. ϳûÉ. Rain is ~ing from the trees ̳é»ñÇó
life-boat ~ ÷ñϳݳíáñ¹Ý»ñÇ í³ñÅ»óáõÙ: ³ÝÓñ¨ ¿ ϳÃÏÃáõÙ:
drill II [dril] n ·³ÛÉÇÏáÝ, ß³Õ³÷, Ñáñ³ïÇã. drip-dry [΄dripdrai] n Ù½í»Éáõ ¨ ³ñ-
³ïÙÝ. μáñ Ù»ù»Ý³. pneumatic ~ ѳÝù³- ¹áõÏí»Éáõ ϳñÇù ãáõÝ»óáÕ Ñ³·áõëï:
ѳï Ùáõñ×: dripping [΄dripiŋ] a ϳÃáÕ. óó, Ãñçí³Í. ~
drill III [dril] 1. n ·Õï. ³Ïáë. ß³ñù³ó³Ý wet ³ÙμáÕçáíÇÝ Ãñçí³Í:
Ù»ù»Ý³. 2. v ß³ñùáí ó³Ý»É, ß³ñù³ó³Ý dripping [΄dripiŋ] n ³ÕÁ ¹ñ³Í/³Õ³Í Ëá½Ç
³Ý»É: ׳ñå:
drill IV [dril] n Ëï³Ïï³í, ïÇÏ (·áñÍ- dripping-pan [΄dripiŋpæn] n óí³:
drive 263 drop

drive [draiv] n áõÕ¨áñáõÃÛáõÝ, ½μáë³Ýù. two ï»ÕÇó ѳݻÉ. ~ out of the yard μ³ÏÇó ¹áõñë
hour ~ from London »ñÏáõ ųÙí³ ×³Ý³- ùß»É. ~ smb out of his mind/wits Ù»ÏÇÝ Ë»É³-
å³ñÑ ÈáݹáÝÇó. go for a ~ Ù»ù»Ý³Ûáí ½μá- ·³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ëóÝ»É. ~ up Ùáï»Ý³É (÷á-
ë³ÝùÇ ·Ý³É. take smb for a ~ Ù»ÏÇÝ Ù»ù»- ˳¹ñ³ÙÇçáóáí) The car drove right up to the
ݳÛáí ½μáë³ÝùÇ ï³Ý»É. (ûÝÇë) forhand/ door Ø»ù»Ý³Ý ÁݹÑáõå ¹é³ÝÁ Ùáï»ó³í:
backhand ~ ѳñí³Í μ³ó/÷³Ï ó³Ýó³ÃÇáí. drivel [΄drivl] v ¹³ï³ñϳμ³Ý»É, ³ÝÙÇï
(é³Ï»ïϳ) left-hand ~ ӳ˳ÏáÕÙÛ³Ý Õ»Ï. ¹áõñë ï³É:
(»é³Ý¹, ÙÕáõÙ. Ýå³ï³Ï³ëɳóáõÃÛáõÝ) He driveller [΄drivlə] n ³ÝË»Éù/³åáõß Ù³ñ¹:
lacks ~ Üñ³Ý »é³Ý¹Á ãÇ μ³í³ñ³ñáõÙ. ar- driver [΄draivə] n ϳé³å³Ý, í³ñáñ¹, Ù»ù»-
mament ~ ëå³é³½ÇÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ùñó³í³½ù. a ݳí³ñ. learning ~ ëáíáñáÕ í³ñáñ¹. racing ~
~ to raise funds ýáݹ»ñ ï»ÕÍ»Éáõ ϳÙ- Ùñó³ñß³íáñ¹. ÑÙÏñ·. ¹ñ³Ûí»ñ, ë³ñùÇ Õ»-
å³Ýdz. an economy ~ å³Ûù³ñ ïÝï»ëÙ³Ý Ï³í³ñÙ³Ý Íñ³·Çñ:
é»ÅÇÙÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ: driveway [΄draivwei] n Ù»ñÓ³ï³ñ/Ù³ïáõÛ-
drive [draiv] v ùß»É, Ñ»ï³åݹ»É. ~ a horse/ ó³ÛÇÝ áõÕÇ:
cattle ÓÇ /³Ý³ëáõÝ ùß»É/ï³Ý»É. ~ game áñ- driving [΄draiviŋ] n í³ñáõÙ, í³ñ»ÉÁ. careless
ëÇÝ Ñ»ï³åݹ»É. ~ a horse/a car/ a bus ÓÇ/Ù»- ~ ³Ý½·áõÛß/³ÝÑá· í³ñáõÙ. drunken ~ ³Ý-
ù»Ý³/³íïáμáõë í³ñ»É. learn to ~ í³ñ»É ëó÷ íÇ׳ÏáõÙ Ù»ù»Ý³ í³ñ»ÉÁ. take ~ les-
ëáíáñ»É. ~ furiously/carefully ϳï³Õáñ»Ý/ sons í³ñáñ¹³Ï³Ý ¹³ë»ñ í»ñóÝ»É. ~ test
½·áõßáõÃÛ³Ùμ, ѳݹ³ñï í³ñ»É. It is dan- í³ñáñ¹³Ï³Ý/Ù»ù»Ý³í³ñÙ³Ý ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ.
gerous to ~ on icy roads ìï³Ý·³íáñ ¿ ë³é- ~ license í³ñáñ¹³Ï³Ý Çñ³íáõÝù.
ó³Ï³É³Í ׳ݳå³ñÑáí ùß»É. (ï³Ý»É, driving-belt [΄draiviŋbelt] n ß³ñų÷áÏ:
·Ý³É) He drove off to Paris yesterday ºñ»Ï ݳ driving-wheel [΄draiviŋwi:l] n ß³ñųÝÇí:
ö³ñǽ ·Ý³ó. ~ smb around the city ù³- drizzle [΄drizl] 1. v μ³ñ³Ï ³ÝÓñ¨ Ù³Õ»É. 2.
Õ³ùáí Ù³Ý ï³É(÷á˳¹ñ³ÙÇçáóáí). ~ n μ³ñ³Ï ³ÝÓñ¨. It’s been ~ing all day ²Ù-
into the country Ù»ù»Ý³Ûáí ·ÛáõÕ ·Ý³É/ï³- μáÕç ûñÁ Ù³ÕáõÙ ¿ñ:
Ý»É. The waves drove the boat away ²ÉÇùÝ»ñÁ droll [drəul] a ½í³ñ׳ÉÇ, ÍÇͳջÉÇ, ½³í»ß-
ݳí³ÏÁ ùß»óÇÝ-ï³ñ³Ý. Clouds were ~ing ï³Ï³Ý:
across the sky ²Ùå»ñÁ ß³ñÅíáõÙ ¿ÇÝ »ñÏÝù- drollery [΄drəuləri] n ϳï³Ï, ÑáõÙáñ, ½³-
áõÙ. driven by electricity ¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý í»ßï:
ÙÇçáóáí ß³ñÅíáÕ/·áñÍÇ ¹ñíáÕ. ~ the ball to drone [drəun]1. n μáé, ³ñáõ Ù»Õáõ. ÷Ëμ.
Ùñ½. ·Ý¹³ÏÝ áõÕ³ñÏ»É. ~ mad/out of senses ÍáõÛÉ/¹³ï³ñϳåáñï Ù³ñ¹. ¹½½áó,
˻ɳ·³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ëóÝ»É. ~ home ï»Õ μ½½áó, ¹ÅÅáó. 2. v μ½½³É, ¹½½³É, ¹áÕ¹á-
ѳëóÝ»É/ѳëϳóÝ»É. ~ to despair Ñáõë³- Õ³É. the voice ~ d on Ó³ÛÝÁ ¹áÕ¹áÕáõÙ ¿ñ
ѳïáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ëóÝ»É. be driven to stealing droningly [΄drəuniŋli] adv Ùdzɳñ, Ùdz-
·áÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ëóÝ»É ~ oneself to ground Çñ»Ý å³Õ³Õ:
Ù³Ñí³Ý ¹áõéÁ ѳëóÝ»É. (½μ³Õí»É) ~ a trade droop [dru:p] v ËáݳñÑ(í)»É, Ï³Ë ÁÝÏÝ»É/
³é¨ïñáí ½μ³Õí»É. (Ë÷»É, ÙïóÝ»É) ~ into ·ó»É. ѳÏí»É, ûùí»É. ÃáßÝ»É, óé³Ù»É,
the ground ·»ïÝÇ Ù»ç ÙïóÝ»É/Ë÷»É. ~ across ÃáõɳݳÉ. ~ from the heat/fatigue ßá·Çó/Ñá·-
Ïïñ»É, ³ÝóÝ»É. ~ across a bridge/the desert ݳÍáõÃÛáõÝÇó áõųëå³é ÉÇÝ»É. The flowers
ϳÙáõñçáí/³Ý³å³ïÇ ÙÇçáí ³ÝóÝ»É. ~ have ~ed ̳ÕÇÏÝ»ñÁ óé³Ù»É »Ý. ~ one’s
away Ñ»é³óÝ»É, ¹áõñë ùß»É. ~ away the head ·ÉáõËÁ ϳ˻É. Her spirits ~ed ÷Ëμ. ܳ
enemy ÃßݳÙáõÝ íéݹ»É. ~ home ïáõÝ ùß»É/ Ñáõë³Ñ³ïí»É/ÁÝÏ×í»É ¿:
μ»ñ»É/ï³Ý»É. The dog ~s the sheep home drop [drɒp] n ϳÃÇÉ. a ~` of water/rain çñÇ/
ÞáõÝÁ áã˳ñÝ»ñÇÝ ïáõÝ ¿ μ»ñáõÙ/ùßáõÙ. ³ÝÓñ¨Ç ϳÃÇÉ. a tiny ~ ÷áùñÇÏ Ï³ÃÇÉ. ~ by
÷Ëμ. (ѳëϳóÝ»É) I drove him home that ... ~ ϳÃÇÉ ³é ϳÃÇÉ. ~s ϳÃÇÉÝ»ñ (¹»Õ). by
ºë Ýñ³Ý ѳëϳóÝáõÙ ¿Ç, áñ... ~ in/into Ý»ñë ~s ϳÃÇÉÝ»ñáí. take ten ~s ï³ëÁ ϳÃÇÉ
ùᯐ ~ the car into the garage Ù»ù»Ý³Ý ËÙ»É. a ~ in the bucket/in the ocean ÙÇ Ï³ÃÇÉ
·³ñ³Å ÙïóÝ»É. ~ the nail into the board Ù»ËÁ ÍáíáõÙ, ãÝãÇÝ ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. to the last ~
ï³Ëï³ÏÇ Ù»ç Ë÷»É/ÙïóÝ»É. ~ into smn’s ÙÇÝ㨠í»ñçÇÝ Ï³ÃÇÉÁ. just a ~ ß³ï ùÇã/
head ·ÉáõËÁ ÙïóÝ»É. ~ out ¹áõñë ÙÕ»É/ ùß»É. ãÝãÇÝ ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. never touch a ~ áã ÙÇ
drop 264 drum

ϳÃÇÉ μ»ñ³ÝÁ ã³éÝ»É. take a ~ too much ÙÇ ¿ÇÝ ³ÙμáË ³é ³ÙμáË:


ùÇã ³í»ÉÇ ËÙ»É. (¹ñ³Å», ÏáÝý»ï) chocolate drover [΄drəuvə] n ݳËñ³å³Ý, ï³í³ñ³Í.
~s ßáÏáɳ¹» ¹ñ³Å». ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ (¹»åÇ ³Ý³ëݳí³×³é:
Ý»ñù¨) a ~ of three metres to the ground »ñ»ù drown [draun] v ˻չ(í)»É, çñ³Ñ»ÕÓ ÉÇÝ»É.
Ù»ïñ ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ ÙÇÝ㨠·»ïÇÝ. (³Ý- ~ cattle ³Ý³ëáõÝ Ë»Õ¹»É. ~ oneself ˻չí»É.
ÏáõÙ, Çç»óáõÙ) sudden/sharp ~ ѳÝϳñͳ- (áÕáÕ»É, ѻջÕí»É) ~ed in tears ³ñóáõÝùÝ»-
ÏÇ/ÏïñáõÏ ³ÝÏáõÙ. a ~ in temperature/prices ñáí áÕáÕí³Í. ~ed in sleep Ëáñ ùáõÝ Ùï³Í.
ç»ñÙ³ëïÇ׳ÝÇ/·Ý»ñÇ ³ÝÏáõÙ. ~-curtain (˻չ»É, Ó³Ûݳ˻չ ³Ý»É). His voice was
óïñ. ÇçÝáÕ í³ñ³·áõÛñ: ~ed Üñ³ Ó³ÛÝÁ ³ÝÉë»ÉÇ ¹³ñÓ³í. ~ one’s
drop [drɒp] v ϳûÉ, ϳûóÝ»É. (í³Ûñ)·ó»É, sorrows in drink ÷Ëμ. ·ÇÝáõ Ù»ç Ë»Õ-
ÁÝÏÝ»É. ~ a book/a cup ·Çñù/μ³Å³Ï í³Ûñ ¹»É/Ã³Õ»É Çñ íÇßïÁ/óËÇÍÁ:
·ó»É. ~ the letter into a pillar-box ݳٳÏÁ drowned [draund] a ˻չí³Í. a ~ person
÷áëï³ñÏÕ ·ó»É. (Çç»óÝ»É) ~ one’s eyes çñ³Ñ»ÕÓ:
³ãù»ñÁ Çç»óÝ»É, ѳ۳óùÁ ·»ïÝÇÝ Ñ³é»É. drowning [drauniŋ] n ˻չí»ÉÁ. death by ~
~ the voice/price Ó³ÛÝÁ/·ÇÝÁ Çç»óÝ»É. ~ the Ù³Ñ Ë»Õ¹í»Éáõ ѻ勉Ýùáí. ˻չ³-
curtain í³ñ³·áõÛñÝ Çç»óÝ»É. ~ a bomb éáõÙμ Ù³Ñ/çñ³Ñ»ÕÓ ÉÇݻɣ
Ý»ï»É. be ~ed (from the team) ÃÇÙÇó Ñ»é³ó- drowse [drauz] v ÝÇñÑ»É, ÝÝç»É:
Ý»É. ~ a line ÙÇ »ñÏïáÕ ·ñ»É. ~ studies/old drowsiness [΄drauzinəs] n ùÝÏáïáõÃÛáõÝ,
friends Éù»É ¹³ë»ñÁ/ÑÇÝ ÁÝÏ»ñÝ»ñÇÝ. (ÁÝÏ- ³Ý³ßËáõÅáõÃÛáõÝ:
Ý»É) ~ to the ground ·»ïÇÝ ÁÝÏÝ»É. leaves/ap- drowsy [΄drauzi] a ùÝÏáï, ÃÙñ³Í, ÝÇñÑáÕ.
ples/blossoms ~ ï»ñ¨Ý»ñÁ/ËÝÓáñÝ»ñÁ/ͳ- feel ~ ùáõÝÁ ï³Ý»É:
ÕÇÏÝ»ñÁ ÁÝÏÝáõÙ »Ý. (¹³¹³ñ»É) ~ smoking drowsy-head [΄drauzihed] n ùÝÏáï, ùÝÇ
¹³¹³ñ»É ÍË»É. ~ the argument/the subject å³ñÏ:
¹³¹³ñ»óÝ»É í»×Á. ¹³¹³ñ»É Ã»Ù³Ý drub [drΛb] v ͻͻÉ, óϻÉ. ÃËÏÃËϳóÝ»É,
ùÝݳñÏ»Éáõó. I’ll ~ you at your door ºë Ó»½ Ë÷»É. ~ into Ù»ÏÇ ·ÉáõËÁ ÙïóÝ»É:
Ïѳëóݻ٠ÙÇÝ㨠ӻñ ¹áõéÁ. ~ in ÙïÝ»É, drubbing [΄drΛbiŋ] n Í»Í:
³ÝóÝ»É I must ~ in at the library ä»ïù ¿ ·ñ³- drudge [drΛdз] 1. n ͳÝñ/Ó³ÝÓñ³ÉÇ ³ß-
¹³ñ³Ý ÙïÝ»Ù. ~ out ¹áõñë ·³É/ÙݳÉ. ~ out ˳ï³Ýù ϳï³ñáÕ. ûñ³í³ñÓáõ μ³Ýíáñ.
of the game ˳ÕÇó ¹áõñë ·³É. ~ a case 2. v ͳÝñ ³ß˳ï³Ýù ϳï³ñ»É:
Çñ³í. ·áñÍÁ ϳñ×»É: ~ asleep ùáõÝ ÙïÝ»É. ~ drudgery [΄drΛdзəri] n ͳÝñ/³Ý³ËáñÅ
it ! ÂáÕ»ù, ì»ñç ïí»ù. ~ a word in favour of ³ß˳ï³Ýù. a sheer ~ ÇëÏ³Ï³Ý ï³Å³Ýù:
Ù»ÏÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ μ³ñ»Ëáë»É: drudgingly [΄drΛdзiŋli] adv ÷áõóç³Ýá-
droplet [΄drɒplet] n ÷áùñÇÏ Ï³ÃÇÉ: ñ»Ý, ç³Ý³ëÇñáõÃÛ³Ùμ:
dropper [΄drɒpə] n μÅßÏ. ϳÃáóÇã (åÇå»ï- drug [drΛg] n ¹»Õ, ÃÙñ³¹»Õ. a ~ on the mar-
ϳ): ket ÷Ëμ. ³Ý·Ý³ÛáõÝ ³åñ³Ýù. ~ offence
dropping bottle [΄drɒpiŋ΄bɒtl] n ϳÃáóÇÏ, ÃÙñ³¹»Õ³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ýó³·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ traffik-
ϳÃáõóÇÏ: ing ÃÙñ³¹»Õ»ñÇ í³×³éù/³éù áõ í³×³éù:
droppings [΄drɒpiŋz] n pl ϳÃÇÉÝ»ñ. drug [drΛg] v ¹»Õ ï³É. ÃÙñ»óÝáÕ ÙÇçáó
ÏÕÏÕ³Ýù (ϻݹ³ÝÇÝ»ñÇ). ³Õμ, ÃñÇù: ·áñͳͻÉ. They ~ged him/his drinking
drop-scene [΄drɒpsi:n] n (μ»ÙÇ) í³ñ³·áõÛñ. ÊÙÇãùÇ Ñ»ï ÃáõÛÝ/ÃÙñ³¹»Õ ˳éÝ»óÇÝ:
÷Ëμ. í»ñçÇÝ ï»ë³ñ³Ý. í»ñç: druggist [΄drΛgist] n ¹»Õ³·áñÍ, ¹»Õ³í³-
dropsical [΄drɒpsikl] a çñ·áÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ ï³- ׳é:
é³åáÕ. áõé³Í, ³Ûïáõóí³Í: drug-store [΄drΛgstɔ:] n (²ØÜ) ¹»Õ³ïáõÝ:
dropsy [΄drɒpsi] n μÅßÏ. çñ·áÕáõÃÛáõÝ: drum [drΛm] n ÃÙμáõÏ. ÃÙμϳѳñáõÃÛáõÝ.
dross [drɒs] n ó÷Ã÷áõÏ, ï³Ï³Ýù, û÷. ï»Ë. ÃÙμϳ·É³Ý. an oil~ ݳíÃÇ ï³Ï³é:
ï»Ë. Ù»ï³Õ³Ë³ñ³Ù: drum [drΛm] v ÃÙμϳѳñ»É, ÃÙμáõÏ ½³ñ-
drought [draut] n »ñ³ßï. û¹Ç ãáñáõÃÛáõÝ: Ï»É. ÃËÏÃËϳóÝ»É, ïÏïϳóÝ»É. ~ one’s fin-
droughty [΄drauti] a ãáñ, »ñ³ßï³ÛÇÝ: gers on the table ë»Õ³ÝÇÝ Ù³ïÝ»ñáí
drove [drəuv] n Ñáï, ݳËÇñ. ÷Ëμ. ³ÙμáË, ÃËÏÃËϳóÝ»É. ~ one’s feet on the floor áï-
μ³½ÙáõÃÛáõÝ. They came in ~ Üñ³Ýù ·³ÉÇë ù»ñÁ ·»ïÝÇÝ ¹á÷»É. ~ smth into smb’s head
drum head 265 duct

·ÉáõËÁ ÙïóÝ»É. ~ up support ³ç³ÏóÙ³Ý Ïáã ·áñÍí³Íù»Õ»Ý, Ïïáñ»Õ»Ý:


³Ý»É. A voice is ~ ing in my ears ²Ï³ÝçÝ»ñë dryish [΄draii∫] a ãáñ³íáõÝ, ÙÇ ùÇã ãáñ:
Ó³ÛÝ »Ý ï³ÉÇë: dry-nurse [‚drai΄nə:s] n ¹³Û³Ï, ÑÇí³Ý¹³-
drum head [΄drΛmhed] n ÃÙμáõÏÇ Ï³ßÇÝ. å³ÑáõÑÇ£
ϽÙË. ÃÙμϳóճÝÃ: dry-rot [‚drai΄rɒt] n ÷Ãé³Ï, ÷ï³Í
drummer [΄drΛmə] n ÃÙμϳѳñ. ³Ù. ÷³Ûï:
ËëÏó. ßñçÇÏ í³×³é³Ï³Ý: dry-shod [‚drai΄∫ɒd] adv ³é³Ýó ÏáßÇÏÝ»ñÁ
drumstick [΄drΛmstik] n ÃÙμϳ÷³Ûï. Ãñç»Éáõ:
»÷³Í ѳíÇ μáõ¹: dual [΄dju:əl] a »ñϳÏÇ, ÏñÏݳÏÇ. ù»ñ. »ñ-
drunk [drΛŋk] 1. a ѳñμ³Í. get/be ~ ѳñ- ϳÏÇ ÃÇí. ~ registration »ñϳÏÇ ·ñ³ÝóáõÙ.
μ»É. make smb ~ Ù»ÏÇÝ Ñ³ñμ»óÝ»É. ~ as a ~ citizenship/allegiance/nationality »ñÏù³Õ³-
lord Ãáõݹ ѳñμ³Í. ~ with success ÷Ëμ. ѳ- ù³óÇáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ control ÏñÏݳÏÇ ÑëÏáÕáõ-
çáÕáõÃÛáõÝÇó ѳñμ³Í. be ~ with music ÃÛáõÝ. ~ carriage way »ñÏÏáÕÙ³ÝÇ ÷áÕáó/
»ñ³ÅßïáõÃÛ³Ùμ ³ñμ»Ý³É. 2. n ѳñμ»óáÕ. ׳ݳå³ñÑ ÑÙÏñ·. ~ mode »ñÏé»ÅÇÙ³ÛÇÝ:
ËëÏó. ·Çݳñμáõù, ³Ýϳñ·áõÃÛáõÝ: duality [dju΄æləti] n »ñϳÏÇáõÃÛáõÝ, »ñÏíáõ-
drunkard [΄drΛŋkəd] n ѳñμ»óáÕ, ·ÇÝ»- ÃÛáõÝ.
ÙáÉ. a sad ~ Ãáõݹ ѳñμ»óáÕ: dub [dΛb] v ³ÝáõÝ ¹Ý»É, ٳϳÝáõÝ ï³É. She
drunken [΄drΛŋkən] a ѳñμ³Í, ËÙ³Í. a ~ was ~bed “pussy” Üñ³Ý “÷ÇëÇÏ” ٳϳÝáõÝ
brawl ·ÅïáõÃÛáõÝ Ñ³ñμ³Í íÇ׳ÏáõÙ. in a ~ ïí»óÇÝ. ~ a film ýÇÉÙÁ ÏñÏÝoñÇݳϻÉ:
stupor ѳñμ»óáÕáõÃÛáõÝÇó μóó³Í. ~ driv- dubiety [dju΄baiəti] n ï³ñ³Ïáõë³Ýù, í³-
ing ѳñμ³Í Ù»ù»Ý³ í³ñ»ÉÁ: ñ³ÝáõÙ, »ñÏÙïáõÃÛáõÝ:
drunkenness [΄drΛŋkənnəs] n ѳñμ³Í íÇ- dubious [΄dju:biəs] a ϳëϳͻÉÇ, »ñÏÙï»-
׳Ï, ѳñμáõÙ. ѳñμ»óáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ·ÇÝ»Ùá- ÉÇ, ³Ýáñáß. ~ character/compliment ϳëϳ-
ÉáõÃÛáõÝ: Í»ÉÇ ³ÝÓݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ/ѳ×áÛ³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝ.
dry [drai] a ãáñ, ó³Ù³ù. ~ climate/weather/ be ~ about smth ϳëÏ³Í»É áñ¨¿ μ³ÝáõÙ:
soil/clothes/wine/hair ãáñ ÏÉÇÙ³/»Õ³Ý³Ï/ duchess [΄dΛt∫is] n ¹ùëáõÑÇ, Ñ»ñóá·áõÑÇ:
ÑáÕ/ѳ·áõëï/ ¹³éÁ ·ÇÝÇ/Ù³½»ñ. ~ land duchy [΄dΛt∫i] n ¹ùëáõÃÛáõÝ, Ñ»ñóá·áõÃÛáõÝ:
ó³Ù³ù. ~ year ãáñ³ÛÇÝ ï³ñÇ. ~ cough ãáñ duck I [dΛk] n μ³¹. raise/breed ~s μ³¹»ñ
ѳ½. ~ well ãáñ³ó³Í çñÑáñ. run ~ ãáñ³Ý³É, ³×»óÝ»É. a lame ~ ÷Ëμ. ³ÝѳçáÕ³Ï, Ó³-
ó³Ù³ù»É. (Ó³ÝÓñ³ÉÇ) ~ book/person/lecture ËáÕ³Ï. like water off a ~‘s back ³Ýï³ñμ»ñ.
Ó³ÝÓñ³ÉÇ ·Çñù/Ù³ñ¹/¹³ë³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ ËëÏó. í»çÁ ãÇ. play ~s and drakes çñÇ íñ³Ûáí
facts Ù»ñÏ ÷³ëï»ñ. ~ cow ³ÙáõÉ Ïáí. go ~ ù³ñ ·ó»É. ÷Ëμ. í³ïÝ»É, ßé³ÛÉ»É. like a ~ to
á·»ÉÇó ËÙÇãùÝ»ñ ³ñ·»É»ÉÁ, á·»ÉÇóÇó water ÇÝãå»ë ÓáõÏÁ çñáõÙ:
/Ññ³Å³ñí»ÉÁ: duck II [dΛk] n Ïáßï Ïï³í, å³ñáõëÇÝ. ~s
dry [drai] v ãáñ³Ý³É, ãáñ³óÝ»É, ó³Ù³ù»É. ~ å³ñáõëÇÝ» ß³Éí³ñ:
hair/washing Ù³½»ñÁ/Éí³óùÁ ãáñ³óÝ»É. The duck [dΛk] v ëáõ½í»É (¨ ³ñ³· ¹áõñë ·³É)
river is ~ing up ¶»ïÁ ãáñ³ÝáõÙ ¿. ~ one’s ûùí»É, ѳñí³ÍÇó Ëáõë³÷»Éáõ ѳٳñ. ~
hands/tears/eyes/dishes Ó»éù»ñÁ/³ñóáõÝùÝ»- one’s head ·ÉáõËÁ ûù»É. ~ a lesson ËëÏó.
ñÁ/³ãù»ñÁ/³Ù³ÝÝ»ñÁ ãáñ³óÝ»É/ó³Ù³ù»ó- ¹³ëÁ μ³ó ÃáÕݻɣ
Ý»É. Do ~ up! ËëÏó. ÈéÇ°ñ, ì»°ñç ïáõñ: ducking [΄dΛkiŋ] n ëáõ½áõÙ, ëáõ½í»ÉÁ:
dryad [΄draiæd] n ¹Çóμ. ³Ýï³é³ÛÇÝ Ñ³- ducklegged [΄dΛklegd] a ϳñ× áïÝ»ñáí,
í»ñųѳñë: ûñáñíáÕ ù³ÛÉí³Íù áõÝ»óáÕ:
dry clean [‚drai΄kli:n] v ùÇÙÇ³Ï³Ý Ù³ùñáõÙ duckling [΄dΛkliŋ] n μ³¹Ç Ó³·, μ³¹ÇÏ:
ϳï³ñ»É. have one’s suit/coat ~ed ÏáëïÛ- duck’s-egg [΄dΛkseg] n ½ñá ѳßÇí (ùñÇù»Ã
áõÙÁ/í»ñ³ñÏáõÝ ùÇÙÇ³Ï³Ý Ù³ùñÙ³Ý ï³É: ˳ÕáõÙ):
dry-cleaner’s [‚drai΄kli:nəz] n ùÇÙ- duck-shot [΄dΛk∫ɒt] n Ù³Ýñ³·Ý¹³Ï, Ïáïá-
Ù³ùñÙ³Ý ³ñÑ»ëï³Ýáó£ ñ³Ï:
dry-cleaning [‚drai΄kli:niŋ] ùÇÙÇ³Ï³Ý duck-weed [΄dΛkwi:d] n μëμ. çñ³ÛÇÝ áëå:
Ù³ùñáõÙ. duct [dΛkt] n ³Ýóù, ËáÕáí³Ï:
dry-goods [΄draigudz] n ³Ù. ï»ùëïÇÉ, dud [dΛd]1. n sl Ó³Ëáñ¹áõÃÛáõÝ, Ó³Ëáñ¹
dud 266 dumpling

Ù³ñ¹. ãå³ÛÃ³Í éáõÙμ. the bomb was a ~ weather/day ÃáõËå »Õ³Ý³Ï/ûñ. a ~ colour/
éáõÙμÁ ãå³Ûûó. 2. a a ~ cheque ³Ýå»ïù/áã light ³Ýå³ñ½/åÕïáñ ·áõÛÝ. ³Õáï ÉáõÛë/
åÇï³ÝÇ ã»Ï: Éáõë³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ edge/pain μáõà ³Í»ÉÇ/
dude [dju:d] n ³Ù. å×ݳÙáÉ, åÇÅáÝ: ó³í. a ~ sound/explosion ËáõÉ Ó³ÛÝ/å³Û-
dudgeon [΄dΛdзən] n ½³ÛñáõÛÃ. in ~ íÇñ³- ÃÛáõÝ. ~ of hearing ͳÝñ³Ï³Ýç:
íáñí³Í, ݻճó³Í: dullard [΄dΛləd] n μóÙÇï, ³åáõß, ѳë-
due [dju:] 1. a å³ïß³×, ѳñÏ »Õ³Í, ³Ý- ï³·ÉáõË:
Ññ³Å»ßï. with ~ attention/regard/respect duly [΄dju:li] adv å³ïß³× Ï»ñåáí, ×Çßï
å³ïß³× áõß³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ/ѳñ·³Ýùáí. in ~ ųٳݳÏÇÝ. Everybody ~ applauded ̳÷³-
time Çñ ųٳݳÏÇÝ. in ~ form ÇÝãå»ë ѳñ»óÇÝ å³ïß³×áñ»Ý/ÇÝãå»ë ëå³ëíáõÙ
ѳñÏÝ ¿. in ~ course Çñ Ñ»ñÃÇÝ/ųٳݳ- ¿ñ:
ÏÇÝ. become ~ Çñ³í. ųÙÏ»ïÁ Éñ³Ý³É. dumb [dΛm] a ѳÙñ. deaf and ~ ËáõÉáõ-
(ëå³ëí³Í) The train is ~ at ten p.m. ¶Ý³óùÁ ѳÙñ. (Éáõé, ÙáõÝç, ³Ýμ³Ý) ~ animals ³Ý-
å»ïù ¿ ųٳÝÇ Å³ÙÇ ï³ëÇÝ. He is ~ to μ³Ý/³ÝÉ»½áõ ³Ý³ëáõÝÝ»ñ. strike one ~
lecture ܳ å»ïù ¿ ¹³ë³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝÁ ßßÙ»óÝ»É, ³åß»óÝ»É. grow/become ~ å³-
ϳñ¹³. (å³ï׳é) His absence is ~ to illness å³ÝÓí»É, ѳÙñ³Ý³É. be struck ~ with horror
Üñ³ μ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý å³ï׳éÁ ÑÇí³Ý- ë³ñë³÷Çó å³å³ÝÓí»É:
¹áõÃÛáõÝÝ ¿. The accident was ~ to fog dumbfound [dΛm΄faund] v ³åß»óÝ»É,
¸Åμ³Ëï å³ï³Ñ³ñÇ å³ï׳éÁ Ù³é³- ßßÙ»óÝ»É. be ~ed at the news ÝáñáõÃÛáõÝÇó
ËáõÕÝ ¿ñ. (ѳë³Ý»ÉÇ) When is the rent ~ ? ³åß»É/ßßÙ»É:
º±ñμ å»ïù ¿ μݳÏí³ñÓÁ í׳ñ»É. They paid dumbness [΄dΛmnəs] n ѳÙñáõÃÛáõÝ. Ééáõ-
me what was ~ Üñ³Ýù ÇÝÓ í׳ñ»óÇÝ ³ÛÝ, ÃÛáõÝ:
ÇÝã ѳëÝáõÙ ¿ñ. 2. n å³ïß³×Á give one his dumbshow [΄dΛm∫əu] n Ó»éù»ñÇ ß³ñÅáõ-
~ å³ïß³×Á ѳïáõó»É. ÉÇáíÇÝ ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É.
Ùáí ÙÇïù ³ñï³Ñ³Ûï»ÉÁ:
get one’s ~ ³ñųÝÇÝ ëï³Ý³É. ~s í׳ñ,
dumb-waiter [‚dΛm΄weitə] n ݳ˳׳ßÇ
ÙáõÍáõÙ, ïáõñù. Ù³ùë. customs ~s Ù³ù-
åïïíáÕ ë»Õ³Ý:
ë³ÛÇÝ ïáõñù:
dummy [΄dΛmi] n, a ËñïíÇɳÏ, ٳݻϻÝ.
due [dju:] adv áõÕÇÕ, áõÕÕ³ÏÇ. go ~ east ·Ý³É Ï»ÕÍ. baby’s ~ ÍͳÏ. ~ account Ï»ÕÍ Ñ³ßÇí.
áõÕÇÕ ³ñ¨»Éù:
a ~ window Ï»ÕÍ å³ïáõѳÝ. a ~ run ÷áñÓ-
duel [΄dju:əl] n ٻݳٳñï. ÙñóáõÃÛáõÝ. fight Ý³Ï³Ý áõÕ»ñÃ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ argument Ï»ÕÍ
a ~ ٻݳٳñï»É:
å³ñ³Ù»ïñ. ~ instruction ¹³ï³ñÏ Ññ³-
duet [dju΄et] n ½áõ·»ñ·, ¹áõ»ï:
ѳݷ. ~ statement ¹³ï³ñÏ ûå»ñ³ïáñ:
duff [dΛf] v Ï»ÕÍ»É, ˳μ»É:
duffer [΄dΛfə] n Ï»Õͳñ³ñ, ˳ñ¹³Ë. Ï»ÕÍ dump [dΛmp] n ³Õμ³Ýáó. ÏÇïí³Íù, Ïáõ-
ï³Ï. a rubbish ~ (ù³Õ³ù³ÛÇÝ) ³Õμ³Ýáó.
¹ñ³Ù. ³åáõß/³Ý׳ñ³Ï Ù³ñ¹:
dug-out [΄dΛgaut] n ݳí³Ï (Ëáßáñ Ïá×ÕÇó coal ~ ³ÍËÇ ÏÇïí³Íù. a terrible ~ ÷Ëμ.,
÷áñí³Í). é½Ù. óùëïáó, Ëñ³Ù³ï, μÉÇÝ- ËëÏó. ³Ñ³íáñ (Ï»Õïáï) í³Ûñ. be in the ~s
¹³Å: óËÍ»É, ٻɳٳÕÓ»É:
duke [dju:k] n ¹áõùë, Ñ»ñóá·: dump [dΛmp] v μ»éݳó÷»É, Ý»ï»É, ó-
dukedom [΄dju:kdəm] n ¹ùëáõÃÛáõÝ, Ñ»ñóá- ÷»É. ~ the rubbish ³ÕμÁ ó÷»É. ~ the coal
·áõÃÛáõÝ: ³ÍáõËÁ μ»éݳó÷»É:
dulcify [΄dΛlsifai] v ù³Õóñ³óÝ»É, ³Ýáõß³ó- dump-car [΄dΛmpka:] n ÇÝùݳó÷ ë³Û-
Ý»É: ɳÏ:
dulcimer [΄dΛlsimə] n »ñÅß. ÍÝÍÕ³: dumping [΄dΛmpiŋ] n μ»éݳó÷áõÙ, ¹³-
dull [dΛl] a μáõÃ, ÑÇÙ³ñ, ³åáõß. a ~ person/ ï³ñÏáõÙ, å³ñåáõÙ. ïÝï. ³ñï³Ñ³ÝáõÙ
pupil/look μáõà ³ÝÓݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ/³ß³- íݳë³μ»ñ ·Ý»ñáí, ¹»Ù÷ÇÝ·:
Ï»ñï. ³åáõß Ñ³Û³óù. (Ó³ÝÓñ³ÉÇ, ï³Õï- dumpish [΄dΛmpi∫] a ïËáõñ, ïñïáõÙ,
ϳÉÇ) a ~ party/person/life/report Ó³ÝÓñ³ÉÇ Ã³ËͳÉÇ:
»ñ»ÏáõÛÃ/Ù³ñ¹/ÏÛ³Ýù/³ÝÑ»ï³ùñùÇñ ½»- dumpling [΄dΛmpliŋ] n (³åáõñÇ Ù»ç
ÏáõóáõÙ. (³Ýå³ñ½, ÃáõËå, ³Õáï) ~ »÷³Í) ËÙáñ³·Ý¹ÇÏ. apple ~ ËÙáñÇ Ù»ç
dumps 267 dustpan

»÷³Í ËÝÓáñ: ݳÏ. ~ a year/a month/the lecture Ù»Ï ï³ñí³/


dumps [΄dΛmps] n ÁÝÏ×í³Í ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõ- ³Ùëí³/¹³ë³ËáëáõÃÛ³Ý ÁÝóóùáõÙ. ~ the
ÃÛáõÝ, íѳïáõÃÛáõÝ: whole life ³ÙμáÕç ÏÛ³ÝùÇ ÁÝóóùáõÙ. ~ his
dumpy [΄dΛmpi] a ÃÙμÉÇÏ. a ~ child ÃÙμÉÇÏ absence/the war/lessons Ýñ³ μ³ó³Ï³Ûáõ-
»ñ»Ë³. a ~ little woman ËëÏó. ÏÉáñÇÏ/ÃÁÙμ- ÃÛ³Ý/å³ï»ñ³½ÙÇ/¹³ë»ñÇ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï. ~
ÉÇÏ ÏÇÝ: the whole journey ³Ùμáç ׳Ù÷áñ¹áõÃÛ³Ý
dun I [dΛn] a, n ·áñß ¹³ñãݳ·áõÛÝ: ųٳݳÏ/ÁÝóóùáõÙ:
dun II [dΛn] 1. n å³ñïùÁ í׳ñ»Éáõ ѳٳé dusk [dΛsk] n ³Õç³ÙáõÕç, ÙÃÝß³Õ. in the ~
å³Ñ³Ýç. 2. v å³ñïùÁ å³Ñ³Ýç»É, å³ñ- ÙÃÝß³ÕÇÝ. from dawn till ~ ³ñß³ÉáõÛëÇó
ï³å³ÝÇÝ Ý»Õ»É: ÙÇÝ㨠ÙÃÝß³Õ:
dunce [dΛns] n μóÙÇï, ³åáõß: duskiness [΄dΛskinəs] n ÏÇë³Ë³í³ñ.
dunderhead [΄dΛndəhed] n ÑÇÙ³ñÇ ·ÉáõË, Ùé³ÛÉáõÃÛáõÝ. ÃËáõÃÛáõÝ, ë¨áõÃÛáõÝ:
³åáõß: dusky [΄dΛski] a ÙÃÝß³Õ³ÛÇÝ, Ùé³ÛÉ, ÙÃÇÝ.
dune [dju:n] n (ݳ¨ª sand ~s) ³í³½³ÃáõÙμ: a ~ complexion (¹»ÙùÇ) ÃáõË Ù³ßÏ:
dung [dΛŋ] n ÃñÇù, ·áÙ³Õμ, å³ñ³ñï³- dust [dΛst] n ÷áßÇ. μëμ. ͳÕϳ÷áßÇ. ËëÏó.
ÝÛáõÃ: ÷áÕ. ³ñѳٳñÑí³Í Ù»ï³Õ. a thick/thin
dung-beetle [dΛŋ‚bi:tl] n ϻݹ. ÏáÛ³μݹÇé layer of ~ ÷áßáõ ѳëï/μ³ñ³Ï ß»ñï. cloud
(μ½»½): of ~ ÷áßáõ ³Ùå. a speck of ~ ÷áßáõ ѳïÇÏ.
dungeon [΄dΛndзən] n ½Ý¹³Ý, ëïáñ»ñÏñÛ³ gold ~ áëÏ»μ»ñ ³í³½. kiss the ~ ÷Ëμ.
μ³Ýï: ùÍÝ»É. throw ~ into smb’s eyes ³ãù»ñÇÝ Ãá½
dungy [΄dΛŋi] a ³ÕμÇ, ³Õμ³ÛÇÝ, Ï»Õïáï: ÷ã»É. kick up/make/raise a ~ ËëÏó. ÏéÇí ë³ñ-
dupe [dju:p] n ˳μí³Í Ù³ñ¹. ó³Ýó³é /³Ý- ù»É. Çñ³ñ³ÝóáõÙ/³ÕÙáõÏ μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É.
Ë»Éù Ù³ñ¹: (ÑáÕ, ³×ÛáõÝ) in the ~ Ù»é³Í. bite the ~ ÏÇ-
dupery [΄dju:pəri] n ˳μ»μ³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ: ë³Ù»é í³Ûñ ÁÝÏÝ»É. shake off the ~ from one’s
duplex [΄dju:pleks] a »ñϳÏÇ, »ñÏÏáÕÙ. »ñ- feet áïù»ñÇ ÷áßÇÝ Ãáó÷»É. ÷Ëμ. ѳñ³-
Ïáõ Ù³ëÇó μ³Õϳó³Í ÑÙÏñ·. ~ communi- μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ˽»É:
cation »ñÏÏáÕ٠ϳå: dust [dΛst] v ÷áßÇÝ Ù³ùñ»É. ~ a room/the
duplicate [΄dju:plikət] a ÏñÏݳÏÇ, ÏñÏÝûñÇ- bookcase ë»ÝÛ³ÏÇ/·ñ³å³Ñ³ñ³ÝÇ ÷áßÇÝ
ݳÏ. å³ï×»Ý. a ~ key/receipt μ³Ý³Éáõ/ Ù³ùñ»É. ~ the coat í»ñ³ñÏáõÝ Ã³÷ ï³É.
ëï³ó³Ï³ÝÇ ÏñÏÝûñÇݳÏ: (³ÉÛáõñ/ß³ù³ñ³í³½ ó³Ý»É) ~ the cake with
duplicate [΄dju:plikət] n å³ï×»Ý, ÏñÏݳÏ. sugar ÃËí³ÍùÇ íñ³ ß³ù³ñ³í³½ ó³Ý»É. ~
in ~ »ñÏáõ ûñÇݳÏáí: oneself with powder ¹ÇÙ³÷áßÇ ùë»É. ~ the
duplicate [΄dju:plikeit] v ÏñÏݳå³ïÏ»É, plants with insecticide μáõÛë»ñÁ ÃáõݳùÇÙÇ-
å³ï׻ݳѳݻÉ. ÁݹûñÇݳϻÉ: ϳïÝ»ñáí ëñëÏ»É/ͳÍÏ»É:
duplication [‚dju:pli΄kei∫n] n å³ï×»ÝáõÙ, dustbin [΄dΛstbin] n ³Õμ³ñÏÕ:
ÁݹûñÇݳÏáõÙ. å³ï×»Ý Ñ³Ý»ÉÁ: dust-cart [΄dΛstka:t] n ³Õμ³ë³ÛÉ:
duplicity [dju΄plisəti] n »ñÏ»ñ»ë³ÝÇáõÃÛáõÝ, dust-colour [΄dΛst‚kΛlə] n ·áñß ¹³ñãݳ-
»ñϹÇÙáõÃÛáõÝ: ·áõÛÝ, ÷áßáõ ·áõÛÝ:
durability [‚djuərə΄biləti] n ³ÙñáõÃÛáõÝ, ¹Ç- dust-cover [΄dΛst‚kΛvə] n ͳÍÏáó (ϳ-
Ù³óÏáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ïáÏáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ. 勉ϳ- ÑáõÛùÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ)£
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ£ duster [΄dΛstə] n ÷áßáõ ßáñ. ÷áß»ÃÇÏÝáó
durable [΄djuərəbl] a ³Ùáõñ, ¹ÇÙ³óÏáõÝ. (í»ñ³ñÏáõ):
»ñϳñ³ï¨, ÙݳÛáõÝ. ~ footwear ³Ùáõñ Ïá- dusting [΄dΛstiŋ] n ÷áßÇÝ Ù³ùñ»ÉÁ/ó÷
ßÇÏ. ~ cloth ¹ÇÙ³óÏáõÝ ·áñÍí³Íù. ~ device ï³ÉÁ. ·Õï. ëñëÏáõÙ. The room needs ~ ê»Ý-
¹ÇÙ³óÏáõÝ ë³ñù: Û³ÏÇ ÷áßÇÝ å»ïù ¿ Ù³ùñ»É. ËëÏó. Í»Í, ùá-
duration [dju΄rei∫n] n ï¨áÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ųٳ- óÏ. give a ~ ë³ëïÇÏ Í»Í»É, ɳí ùáóϻÉ:
ݳÏ. of long/short ~ »ñϳñ³ï¨, ϳñ׳ï¨. dustman [΄dΛstmən] n ³Õμ³Ñ³í³ù:
a marriage of short ~ ϳñ×³ï¨ ³ÙáõëÝáõ- dustpan [΄dΛstpæn] n (³ÕμÁ ѳí³ù»Éáõ)
ÃÛáõÝ: ·á·³ÃdzÏ:
during [΄djuəriŋ] prep ÁÝóóùáõÙ, ųٳ- dust-proof [΄dΛstpru:f] a ³Ý÷á߻ó÷³Ýó:
dust-proof 268 dyspeptic

dustsheet [΄dΛst∫i:t] n ͳÍÏáó (ϳÑáõÛùÇ ¨ uncertainty ³Ýí×é³Ï³Ý ÉÇÝ»É, ï³ï³Ýí»É.


³ÛÉÝ): ~ on a question ѳñóÇ íñ³ Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝáñ»Ý
dust storm [΄dΛststɔ:m] n ÷áßáõ ÷áÃáñÇÏ: ϳݷ ³éÝ»É. ~ in the past ÷Ëμ. ³ÝóÛ³ÉáõÙ
dust up [΄dΛstΛp] n ËëÏó. ÏéÇí, ëϳݹ³É: ³åñ»É. ~ on a note »ñÅß. Ýáï³Ý Ó·»É:
dusty [΄dΛsti] a ÷áßáï, ÷áßáí ͳÍÏí³Í. dweller [΄dwelə] n μݳÏÇã. a city ~ ù³Õ³ùÇ
get ~ ÷áßáïí»É.It’s not so ~ ÷Ëμ., ËëÏó. ¸³ μݳÏÇã:
³ÛÝù³Ý ¿É í³ï ã¿: dwelling [΄dweliŋ] n ϳó³ñ³Ý, μݳϳñ³Ý.
Dutch [dΛt∫] a Ñáɳݹ³Ï³Ý, Ñáɳݹ»ñ»Ý. μݳϳí³Ûñ. a ~ house μݳϻÉÇ ïáõÝ/ß»Ýù.
³Ù. ·»ñٳݻñ»Ý. the ~ Ñáɳݹ³óÇÝ»ñ. dou- ~ place μݳϳí³Ûñ. overcrowded ~ ·»ñμݳ-
ble ~ ÷Ëμ. ËŹųÝù. ³ÝѳëϳݳÉÇ μ³Ý: Ï»óí³Í ïáõÝ:
Dutchman [΄dΛt∫mən] n Ñáɳݹ³óÇ. ³Ù. dwindle [΄dwindl] v ÷áùñ³Ý³É, Ýí³½»É,
·»ñٳݳóÇ. Íáí. Ñáɳݹ³Ï³Ý ݳí: å³Ï³ë»É:
Dutchwoman [΄dΛt∫‚wumən] ÑáɳݹáõÑÇ. dye [dai] n Ý»ñÏ, ·áõÛÝ, Ý»ñÏí³Íù:
I’m ~ if I do ºë ãÉÇÝ»Ù, »Ã» ã³Ý»Ù: dye [dai] v Ý»ñÏ»É, ·áõÛÝ ï³É, Ý»ñÏí»É. ~ a
dutiable [΄dju:tiəbl] a Ù³ùëÇ/ѳñÏÙ³Ý dress red/blue ѳ·áõëïÁ ϳñÙÇñ/ϳåáõÛï
»Ýóϳ: Ý»ñÏ»É. The material ~s well ²Ûë ÏïáñÁ É³í ¿
dutiful [΄dju:tifl] å³ñï³×³Ý³ã, Ñݳ½³Ý¹, Ý»ñÏíáõÙ:
ÑÉáõ: dye-house [΄daihaus] n Ý»ñϳïáõÝ, Ý»ñ-
dut/y [΄dju:ti] n å³ñïù, å³ñï³Ï³Ýáõ- ϳñ³Ý:
ÃÛáõÝ, å³ñï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. do/perform dyeing [΄daiiŋ] n Ý»ñÏáõÙ, Ý»ñϳñ³ñ³Ï³Ý
one’s ~ å³ñïùÁ ϳï³ñ»É. public/sacred/ ·áñÍ:
moral ~ ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý/ëáõñμ/μ³ñáÛ³Ï³Ý dyer [΄daiə] n Ý»ñϳñ³ñ:
å³ñïù. a sense of ~ å³ñïùÇ ½·³óáõÙ. a ~ dyestuff [΄daistΛf] n Ý»ñϳïáõ ÝÛáõÃ:
visit ù³Õ³ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý/ù³Õ³ù³í³ñ³- dyeworks [daiwə:ks] n Ý»ñϳïáõÝ, Ý»ñ-
Ï³Ý ³Ûó. official/domestic/numerous ~ies ϳñ³Ý£
å³ßï á ݳ ϳÝ/ÁÝ ï³ Ý» ϳÝ/μ³½Ù³ÃÇí dying [΄daiiŋ] a, n ٳѳóáÕ, ѳݷãáÕ. Ù³-
å³ñïϳÝáõÃáõÝÝ»ñ. (Ñ»ñóå³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ) ѳóáõÙ, ѳݷãáõÙ, Ù³Ñ:
on/ off ~ Ñ»ñóå³Ñ. Ñ»ñóå³ÑáõÃÛáõÝÇó dyke [daik] n ÃáõÙμ, å³ïÝ»ß, ³Ùμ³ñï³Ï:
³½³ï. Who’s on ~? à±í ¿ Ñ»ñóå³Ñ. while dynamic [dai΄næmik] a »é³Ý¹áõÝ, ß³ñÅáõÝ,
on ~ Ñ»ñóå³ÑáõÃÛ³Ý ÁÝóóùáõÙ. ~ roster ³ÏïÇí. ¹ÇݳÙÇÏ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ addressing/allo-
Ñ»ñóå³ÑáõÃÛ³Ý óáõó³Ï. (å³ßïáÝ) in the cation/loading/memory/variable ¹ÇݳÙÇÏ
course of ~ Ç å³ßïáÝ». on ~ å³ßïáÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ëó»³íáñáõÙ/μ³ßËáõÙ. μ»éÝáõÙ/ÑÇßáÕáõ-
å³ñï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³ï³ñ»ÉÇë. off ~ ͳ- ÃÛáõÝ, ÑÇß³ë³ñù/÷á÷á˳ϳÝ:
é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÇó ¹áõñë. report for ~ ³ß˳- dynamics [dai΄næmiks] n pl ß³ñÅÇã áõÅ»ñ.
ï³ÝùÇ ·³É. (Ù³ùë, ѳñÏ) customs ~ Ù³ù- ¹ÇݳÙÇϳ:
ë³ïáõñù. import/export ~ Ý»ñÙáõÍÙ³Ý/³ñ- dynamite [΄dainəmait] n áõųݳÏ, ¹Çݳ-
ï³Ñ³ÝÙ³Ý Ñ³ñÏ. He sends his ~ Æñ ѳñ- ÙÇï:
·³ÝùÝ ¿ ѳÛïÝáõÙ: dynamo [΄dainəməu] n ï»Ë. ¹ÇݳÙáÙ»ù»-
duty-free [‚dju:ti΄fri:] a ³ÝÙ³ùë, Ù³ùëÇó ݳ:
³½³ï: dynasty [΄dinəsti] n ѳñëïáõÃÛáõÝ, ¹Çݳë-
duty-paid [΄dju:tipeid] a Ù³ùëÁ í׳ñí³Í: ïdz. ó·³íáñáÕ ïáõÝ:
duvet [΄du:vei] n ³Õí³÷»ïáõñ» Ù»Í Í³Í- dysentery [΄disntri] n μÅßÏ. ³ñݳÉáõÍ, ¹Ç-
Ïáó/í»ñÙ³Ï: ½»Ýï»ñdz:
dwarf [dwɔ:f] 1. n ýáõÏ/·³×³×. 2. a ûñ- dyspepsia [dis΄pepsiə] n μÅßÏ. Ù³ñëáÕáõ-
½³ñ·³ó³Í, ûñ³×. a ~ plant/animal ·³- ÃÛ³Ý Ë³Ý·³ñáõÙ, ¹Çëå»åëdz:
׳׳ÛÇÝ μáõÛë/ϻݹ³ÝÇ: dyspeptic [dis΄peptik] a í³ï Ù³ñëáÕáõ-
dwarfish [΄dwɔ:fi∫] a ýáõϳÛÇÝ, ·³×³- ÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»óáÕ:
׳ÛÇÝ. ·³×³×, ýáõÏ:
dwell [dwel] v (dwelt) ³åñ»É, μݳÏí»É. ~ in E, e [i:] n ³Ý·É»ñ»Ý ³Ûμáõμ»ÝÇ ÑÇÝ·»ññáñ¹
269

E
ï³éÁ. »ñÅß. „ÙÇ“ Ó³ÛݳÝÇßÁ/Ýáï³. Íáí. at the other ÙÇ ³Ï³ÝçÇó ÙïÝ»É, ÙÛáõëÇó
»ñÏñáñ¹ ϳñ·Ç Ý³í£ ¹áõñë ·³É. ~ drops ³Ï³ÝçÇ Ï³ÃÇÉÝ»ñ. a
each [i:t∫] a prn Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ, ³Ù»Ý ÙÇ. ~ middle ~ infection ÙÇçÇÝ ³Ï³ÝçÇ μáñμáùáõÙ.
day Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ ûñ. ~ word Ûáõñ³ù³Ýã- the lobes of the ~ ³Ï³ÝçÇ μÉóÏÝ»ñÁ. My
Ûáõñ μ³é. ~ of us Ù»½ÝÇó Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñÁ. ~ ~s are ringing/singing ²Ï³Ýçë ϳÝãáõÙ ¿/Ó³ÛÝ
other Ù»ÏÁ ÙÛáõëÇÝ, ÙÇÙÛ³Ýó. We’ll see ~ other ¿ ï³ÉÇë. »ñÅß. ÉëáÕáõÃÛáõÝ have a good ~
tomorrow ì³ÕÁ Ïï»ëÝí»Ýù. on ~ side of the ɳí ÉëáÕáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ. play by ~ ÉëáÕáõ-
road ׳ݳå³ñÑÇ Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ ÏáÕÙáõÙ. ÃÛ³Ùμ Ýí³·»É. Let’s play it by ~ ÷Ëμ. γå-
We ~ took an apple Úáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñë ÙÇ ñ»Ýù, Ïï»ëÝ»Ýù. ~ of the needle ³ë»ÕÇ Í³Ï:
ËÝÓáñ í»ñóñÇÝù. Lemons cost 30 drams ~ ear II [iə] n ѳëÏ, »·Çåï³óáñ»ÝÇ ÏáÕñ:
ÈÇÙáÝÝ ³ñÅÇ 30 ¹ñ³Ù ѳïÁ.The fare is 100 earache [΄iəreik] n ³Ï³ÝçÇ ó³í:
drams ~ way ¶Ý³Éáõ ïáÙëÁ ³ñÅÇ 100 ¹ñ³Ù. ear-drum [΄iədrΛm] n ϽÙËë. ÃÙμϳó-
~ and all μáÉáñÝ ³ÝËïÇñ: Õ³ÝÃ:
eager [΄i:gə] a »é³Ý¹áõÝ, ³ÝѳÙμ»ñ. ËÇëï earl [ə:l] n ÏáÙë (³Ý·ÉdzϳÝ):
÷³÷³·áÕ, Ó·ïáÕ. an ~ pupil »é³Ý¹áõÝ ear-lap [΄iəlæp] n ³Ï³ÝçÇ μÉóÏ. ³Ù.
³ß³Ï»ñï. an ~ beaver ËëÏó. Åñ³ç³Ý ³ß- (·É˳ñÏÇ) ³Ï³Ýç³Ï³É:
˳ïáÕ. ~ for smth ³ÝѳÙμ»ñ ëå³ë»É. be earliness [΄ə:linəs] n í³Õ³Å³ÙáõÃÛáõÝ, í³Õ
~ for knowledge Ñ»ï³ùñùñ³ë»ñ ÉÇÝ»É (·Ç- ųٳݳÏ:
ï»ÉÇùÇ Ñ³ñóáõÙ). be ~ to succeed ѳçáÕáõ- early [΄ə:li] a í³Õ. ~ breakfast í³Õ ݳ˳-
ÃÛ³Ý Ó·ï»É: ׳ß. ~ vegetables/fruits í³Õ³Ñ³ë μ³Ýç³ñ»-
eagerly [΄i:gəli] adv ³ÝѳÙμ»ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ. lis- Õ»Ý/Ùñ·»ñ. in the ~ morning í³Õ ³é³íáï-
ten ~ áõß³¹Çñ/ѳٳÏí³Í Éë»É£ Û³Ý. an ~ riser í³Õ ³ñÃݳóáÕ, ßáõï í»ñϳ-
eagerness [΄i:gənəs] n ³ÝѳÙμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. óáÕ. in ~ fifties ÑÇëáõݳϳÝÝ»ñÇ ëϽμÇÝ. a
»é³Ý¹. μáõéÝ ó³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ. Ó·ïáõÙ. in his ~ man in his ~ fifties ÑÇëáõÝÝ ³Ýó Ù³ñ¹. in the
to do smth ÇÝã-áñ μ³Ý ³Ý»Éáõ μáõéÝ ó³ÝÏáõ- ~ years of the century ¹³ñ³ëϽμáõÙ. I got an
ÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉáí: ~ warning ÆÝÓ Ý³Ë³å»ë ½·áõß³óñ»É ¿ÇÝ.
eagle [΄i:gl] n, a ³ñÍÇí. ³ñÍí³ÛÇÝ, ³ñÍíÇ. ~ at the earliest opportunity ³é³çÇÝ ÇëÏ Ñݳ-
nest ³ñÍíÇ μáõÝ. double ~ ³Ù.10 ¹áɳñ³Ýáó ñ³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ. ~ reply ³ñ³· å³-
Ù»ï³Õ³¹ñ³Ù (³ñÍí³¹ñ³Ù): ï³ë˳Ý. ~ death í³Õ³Å³Ù Ù³Ñ. an ~ elec-
eagle-owl [΄i:glaul] n μí»×: tion ųٳݳÏÇó ßáõï ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. an
eaglet [΄i:glət] n ³ñÍíÇ Ó³·, ³ñÍíÇÏ: ~ manuscript ÑÇÝ Ó»é³·Çñ:
ear I [iə] n ³Ï³Ýç. prick up one’s ~s (ݳ¨ earl/y [΄ə:li] adv í³Õ. ~ in the day í³Õ ³é³-
÷Ëμ.) ³Ï³ÝçÝ»ñÁ ëñ»É. strain one’s ~s íáïÛ³Ý.÷Ëμ. ųٳݳÏÇÝ. get up ~ í³Õ
áõß³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ Éë»É. listen with half an ~ ³ñÃݳݳÉ. as ~ as possible áñù³Ý Ñݳñ³-
³Ï³ÝçÇ åáãáí Éë»É. couldn’t believe my ~s íáñ ¿ ßáõï/í³Õ. ~ ier on ݳËÏÇÝáõÙ. ~ in the
ã¿Ç ϳñáÕ ³Ï³ÝçÝ»ñÇë ѳí³ï³É. box week ß³μ³Ãí³ ëϽμÇÝ. ~ in life »ñÇï³-
smb’s ~s ³Ï³ÝçÇÝ Ñ³ëóÝ»É. set by the ~s ë³ñ¹ ųٳݳÏ. book the tickets ~ ïáÙë»ñÁ
Ïéí»óÝ»É. be all ~s Ñ³Ù³Ï áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ Ý³Ëûñáù å³ïíÇñ»É:
ÉÇÝ»É. turn a deaf ~ ãÉë»É, áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ear-mark [΄iəma:k] 1.n ³Ï³Ýç³¹ñáßÙ
ã¹³ñÓÝ»É. shut one’s ~s ³Ï³Ýç ÷³Ï»É, ËáõÉ (ϻݹ³Ýáõ). ÷Ëμ. (ï³ñμ»ñÇã Ýß³Ý, ¿ç³-
ÉÇÝ»É ÙÇ μ³ÝÇ Ñ³Ý¹»å. give ~ to ³Ï³Ýç Ýß³Ý) ~ smth for a special purpose ѳïáõÏ
¹Ý»É, áõÝÏݹñ»É. gain the ~ of Çñ»Ý Éë»É ï³É. Ýå³ï³ÏÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ѳïϳóÝ»É. 2. v ï³ñ-
for one’s own private ~ ·³ÕïÝÇ, ·³Õïݳ- μ»ñ³ÏÇã Ýß³Ý ¹Ý»É, ѳïáõÏ Ýå³ï³ÏÇ
μ³ñ. over head and ~s, head over ~s, up to the ѳٳñ ݳ˳ï»ë»É:
~s ÙÇÝ㨠³Ï³ÝçÝ»ñÁ Ëñí³Í. in at one ~ out earn [ə:n] v í³ëï³Ï»É. ~ one’s bread/living
earn 270 easily

³åñáõëïÁ í³ëï³Ï»É. ~ one’s living by earthenware [΄ə:θnweə] n ϳí»Õ»Ý. ϳí»


teaching Çñ ³åñáõëïÁ áõëáõóãáõÃÛ³Ùμ (ѳË׳å³ÏÛ³ ³Ù³Ý»Õ»Ý) Ë»ó»Õ»Ý:
í³ëï³Ï»É. ~ interest ïáÏáë ëï³Ý³É/í³ë- earthly [΄ə:θli] a »ñÏñ³ÛÇÝ, ÑáÕ»Õ»Ý, áõ-
ï³Ï»É. (³ñųݳݳÉ) He has ~ed the respect ݳÛÝ. no ~ use ³ÝÇÙ³ëï, ³Ýû·áõï. There
of all ܳ ѳÙÁݹѳÝáõñ ѳñ·³ÝùÇ ¿ ³ñ- is no ~ reason àã ÙÇ å³ï׳é ãϳ. He hasn’t
ųݳó»É. ~ fame ÷³éù í³ëï³Ï»É: an ~ chance ܳ áã ÙÇ ÑáõÛë ãáõÝÇ:
earner [΄ə:nə] n (÷áÕ) í³ëï³ÏáÕ, Ï»ñ³Ï- earthly [΄ə:θli] adv »ñÏñ³ÛÇÝ, ëÇÝ, áõݳÛÝ:
ñáÕ. one ~ family ÙÇ ³ß˳ïáÕ áõÝ»óáÕ ÁÝ- earthquake [΄ə:θkweik] n »ñÏñ³ß³ñÅ.
ï³ÝÇù: ÷Ëμ. óÝóáõÙ:
earnest [΄ə:nist] n Éáõñç. in ~ Éáõñç, Éñçáñ»Ý. earthwork [΄ə:θwə:k] n ÑáÕ³å³ïÝ»ß, Ñá-
in real ~ Ùdzݷ³Ù³ÛÝ/μáÉáñáíÇÝ Éáõñç Are Õ» ³ÙñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~s ÑáÕ³ÛÇÝ ³ß˳ï³Ýù-
you in ~? ¸áõù Éá±õñç »ù ³ëáõÙ: Ý»ñ:
earnest [΄ə:nist] a Éáõñç, ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ, ç³Ý³ë»ñ. earthtworm [΄ə:θwə:m] ³ÝÓñ¨áñ¹. ËëÏó.
an ~ student Éáõñç/ç³Ý³ë»ñ áõë³ÝáÕ. an~ áñ¹. ÷Ëμ. ëïáñ³ù³ñß/ùÍÝáÕ Ù³ñ¹:
wish ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ ó³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ: earthy [΄ə:θi] a ÑáÕ³ÛÇÝ, ÑáÕáï, ÑáÕ³-
earnest [΄ə:nist] n ϳÝ˳í׳ñ, ·ñ³í£ ˳éÝ. ÷Ëμ. »ñÏñ³ÛÇÝ, Ï»Ýó³Õ³ÛÇÝ, ³é-
earnestly [΄ə:nistli] adv ó˳ÝÓ³ÉÇó, ѳ- ûñÛ³ ÏÛ³ÝùÇ. ~ humour ÷Ëμ. ÏáåÇï Ñáõ-
Ùá½»óáõóÇã: Ùáñ:
earnings [΄ə:niŋz] n pl í³ëï³Ï, í³ëï³- ear-trumpet [΄iə‚trΛmpit] n Éë³÷áÕ (Ëáõ-
Ï³Í ÷áÕ. »Ï³ÙáõïÝ»ñ. average ~ ÙÇçÇÝ É»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ):
í³ëï³Ï/»Ï³Ùáõï/³ß˳ï³í³ñÓ. gross ~ ear-wax [΄iəwæks] n ³Ï³Ýç³Ï»Õï:
ÁݹѳÝáõñ »Ï³Ùáõï. net ~ Ù³ùáõñ »Ï³- earwig [΄iəwig] 1.n ϻݹ. ³Ï³Ýç³ÙïáõÏ. 2.
Ùáõï/ß³ÑáõÛÃ: v ³Ï³ÝçÇÝ ÷ë÷ë³É. μ³Ùμ³ë»É. ã³ñ³Ëá-
ear-phones [΄iəfəunz] n ³Ï³Ýç³Ï³ÉÝ»ñ: ë»É:
ear-ring [΄iəriŋ] n ³Ï³ÝçûÕ: ease [i:z] n ѳݷÇëï. at ~ ѳݷÇëï, ѳñ-
ear-shot [΄iə∫ɒt] n Éë»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ. within ~ Éë»- Ù³ñ. ill at ~ ³ÝѳݷÇëï, ³ÝѳñÙ³ñ, ϳß-
ÉÇáõÃÛ³Ý ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ. out of ~ Éë»ÉÇáõ- ϳݹí³Í. feel ill at ~ ³ÝѳñÙ³ñ/ϳßϳݹ-
ÃÛ³Ý ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇó ¹áõñë: í³Í ½·³É. set at ~ ѳݷëï³óÝ»É. with ~
ear splitting [΄iə‚splitiŋ] a ËɳóÝáÕ, ßßÙ»ó- Ñ»ßïáõÃÛ³Ùμ. live a life of ~ Ñ»ßï ³åñ»É.
ÝáÕ: Stand at ~! é½Ù. ²½³°ï. (ûè³óáõÙ) The
earth [ə:θ]1. n »ñÏÇñ, »ñÏñ³·áõݹ. The ~ medicine brought ~ ¸»ÕÁ ûèáõÃÛáõÝ μ»ñ»ó:
goes round the sun ºñÏÇÁ åïïíáõÙ ¿ ³ñ¨Ç ease [i:z] v ûè³óÝ»É, ѳݷëï³óÝ»É. The
ßáõñç. the happiest man on ~ ³ß˳ñÑÇ ³Ù»- tablets have ~d the pain гμ»ñÁ ѳݷëï³ó-
ݳ»ñç³ÝÇÏ Ù³ñ¹Á. ¿É. ÑáÕ, ÑáÕ³ÏóáõÙ ñÇÝ/ûè³óñÇÝ ó³íÁ. (ÃáõɳóÝ»É) ~ a
(ÑáÕ, ·»ïÇÝ) scorched ~ ³Ûñí³Í/Ïǽí³Í screw åïáõï³ÏÁ ÃáõɳóÝ»É. ~ a belt/pres-
ÑáÕ. bitter ~ùÇÙ. Ù³·Ý»½Ç³. (áñç, μáõÛÝ) sure ·áïÇÝ/×ÝßáõÙÁ ÃáõɳóÝ»É. ~ the seams
take ~ μÝáõÙ/áñçáõ٠óùÝí»É. run a fox to ~ of a dress ѳ·áõëïÇ Ï³ñÁ ù³Ý¹»É. The rain
³Õí»ëÇÝ áñçÁ ùß»É. I ran him to ~ in his office has ~d ²ÝÓñ¨Á ѳٳñÛ³ ¹³¹³ñ»ó. The
ºë Ýñ³Ý ûýÇëáõÙ/·ñ³ë»ÝÛ³ÏáõÙ ·ï³. wind has ~d off/up ø³ÙÇÝ Ñ³Ý¹³ñïí»ó. The
What on ~ is the matter?÷Ëμ.., ËëÏó. ´³ÝÝ tension/situation has ~d ȳñí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ
DZÝã ¿ (·ñáÕÁ ï³ÝÇ). Where on ~? àñï»±Õ. í»ñ³ó»É ¿. Æñ³íÇ׳ÏÁ ÉÇóù³Ã³÷í»É ¿. ~
move heaven and ~ »ñÏÇÝù áõ ·»ïÇÝ Çñ³ñ down ¹³Ý¹³Õ»óÝ»É (ÁÝóóùÁ), å³Ï³ë»ó-
˳éÝ»É. be very down to ~ ß³ï ·áñÍÝ³Ï³Ý Ý»É áõÅÁ. ~ off Ñ»é³óÝ»É. ݳí³ÏÁ ³÷Çó
Ù³ñ¹ ÉÇÝ»É. look like nothing on ~ áã ÙÇ μ³ÝÇ Ññ»É:
ÝÙ³Ý ãÉÇÝ»É. 2. a ÑáÕÇ. ¿É. ÑáÕ³ÏóáÕ, Ñá- easel [΄i:zl] n å³ïÏ»ñ³Ï³É:
Õ³ÏóÙ³Ý. 3. v (ݳ¨ ~ up) ÑáÕáõ٠óջÉ/ easily [΄i:zili] adv Ñ»ßïáõÃÛ³Ùμ. do smth ~ ³-
å³Ñ»É. áñç ÙïÝ»É. ³í. Çç»óÝ»É (ÇÝùݳÃÇ- é³Ýó ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³Ý»É. (³ÝϳëϳÍ) He
éÁ) be ~ed ѳñϳ¹ñí³Í í³Ûñ¿çù ϳ- is ~ the best pupil ܳ ³ÝϳëÏ³Í ³Ù»Ý³É³í
ï³ñ»É: ³ß³Ï»ñïÝ ¿:
earthen [΄ə:θn] a ÑáÕ», ϳí». »ñÏñ³ÛÇÝ: easement [΄i:zmənt] n ѳñÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ,
easement 271 echo

ûųݹ³Ï ϳéáõÛóÝ»ñ. û·ï³Ï³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ out ËÅé»É. ɳ÷»É. ~ out one’s heart ÷Ëμ. Éáõé
of necessity ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï û·ï³Ï³ñáõÃÛáõÝ: ï³Ýçí»É. ~ short ÷ËñáõÝ ÉÇÝ»É, μ»ñ³ÝáõÙ
easiness [΄i:zinəs] n Ñ»ßïáõÃÛáõÝ, ³½³ïáõ- ѳÉí»É. (áõï»É, ٳ߻óÝ»É) The iron has been
ÃÛáõÝ. ³Ýμéݳ½μáëÇÏáõÃÛáõÝ: ~en away by the rust ijݷÁ Ù³ß»É ¿ñ
east [i:st] n ²ñ¨»Éù. Far E~ лé³íáñ ²ñ¨»Éù. »ñϳÃÁ. He was eaten away by the pride ÷Ëμ.
Near E~ Ø»ñÓ³íáñ ²ñ¨»Éù. Middle E~ ØÇ- Ðå³ñïáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ýñ³Ý áõïáõÙ¿ñ/ ÏñÍáõÙ ¿ñ:
çÇÝ ²ñ¨»Éù. to the ~ ¹»åÇ ³ñ¨»Éù. to the ~ of eatable [΄i:təbl] a áõï»ÉÇ, áõï»Éáõ ѳٳñ
London ÈáݹáÝÇó ³ñ¨»Éù: åÇï³ÝÇ:
east [i:st] a ³ñ¨»ÉÛ³Ý. ~ wind ³ñ¨»ÉÛ³Ý ù³- eatables [΄i:təblz] n pl áõï»ÉÇù, áõï»É»Õ»Ý:
ÙÇ. ~ side ³ñ¨»ÉÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙ: eater [΄i:tə] n áõïáÕ, μ»ñ³Ý, ßáõÝã. hearty ~
East-End [‚i:st΄end] n ÈáݹáÝÇ ³ñ¨»ÉÛ³Ý áõï»Éáõ ëÇñ³Ñ³ñ, ɳí áõïáÕ:
óճٳëÁª ÆëÃ-¾Ý¹: eating [΄i:tiŋ] n áõï»ÉÁ. áõï»ÉÇù. after ~
East-Ender [‚i:st΄endə] n ÆëÃ-¿Ý¹Ç μݳÏÇã: áõï»Éáõó Ñ»ïá. an ~ house ׳߳ñ³Ý:
Easter [΄i:stə] 1. n ¼³ïÇÏ. 2.a ¼³ïÏÇ. E~ eats [i:ts] n ËëÏó. ݳËáõï»ëï. The ~ were
Sunday/Monday ¼³ïÏÇ ³é³çÇÝ »ñÏáõ ûñÁ. excellent ܳËáõï»ëïÁ Ñá۳ϳå/·»-
E~ week ¼³ïÏÇ ß³μ³Ã. E~ holidays ½³ïÏÇ ñ³½³Ýó ¿ñ:
ïáÝ»ñ: eaves [i:vz] n pl ùÇí, ÏïáõñÇ Ï³Ë ÁÝϳÍ
eastern [΄i:stən] a, n ³ñ¨»ÉÛ³Ý, ¹»åÇ ³ñ¨- Ù³ëÁ:
»Éù áõÕÕí³Í. ³ñ¨»ÉùÇ μݳÏÇã: eavesdrop [΄i:vzdrɒp] v ³Ï³Ýç ϳ˻É/
easterner [΄i:stənə] n ³ñ¨»ÉóÇ, ³ñ¨»ÉùÇ ¹Ý»É, óùáõÝ/·³ÕïÝÇ Éë»É. He ~ped our con-
μݳÏÇã. ²ØÜ–Ç ³ñ¨»ÉÛ³Ý Ý³Ñ³Ý·Ý»ñÇ versation ܳ óùáõÝ Éë»É ¿ñ Ù»ñ Ëáë³Ïóáõ-
μݳÏÇã: ÃÛáõÝÁ:
easterly [΄i:stəli] adv ¹»åÇ ³ñ¨»Éù. ³ñ¨»É- ebb [eb] 1. n (ݳ¨ ebb-tide) ï»Õ³ïíáõÃÛáõÝ.
ùÇó: ÷Ëμ. ³ÝÏáõÙ. The tide is on the ~ î»Õ³ïÁ-
eastward(s) [΄i:stwədz] adv ¹»åÇ ³ñ¨»Éù: íáõÃÛáõÝÝ ëÏëí»ó. be at a low ~ ÷Ëμ.
easy [΄i:zi] a Ñ»ßï, ûè. ~ question/task Ñ»ßï ÁÝÏ×í³Í ÉÇÝ»É. 2. v ï»ÕÇ ï³É, ù³ßí»É,
ѳñó/ѳÝÓݳñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. have an ~ manner Ñ»ï Ñáë»É. ÷Ëμ. Ù³ñ»É, å³Ï³ë»É, Ýí³-
Çñ»Ý ³Ýϳßϳݹ å³Ñ»É. an ~ opportunity ½»É:
ѳñÙ³ñ ³éÇÃ. on ~ terms ³ñïáÝÛ³É å³Û- ebony [΄ebəni] n, a ¿μ»Ýáë³÷³Ûï. ¿μ»Ýáë-
Ù³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ. ~ access Ù³ïã»ÉÇ. (ѳݷÇëï, Û³Ý, ¿μ»ÝáëÛ³. ë¨:
ѳñÙ³ñ) an ~ conscience ѳݷÇëï ËÇÕ×. e-book [i: buk] n ÑÙÏñ·. ¿»ÏïñáݳÛÇÝ
You can be ~ on that score ²Û¹ Ù³ëÇÝ ÙÇ ³Ý- ·Çñù£
ѳݷëï³ó»ù. I’m ~ ØǨÝáõÛÝ ¿: ebullient [i΄bΛliənt] a »é³óáÕ. ÷Ëμ. μáõéÝ,
easy [i:zi] adv take it ~ ÙÇ Ñáõ½íÇñ/ßï³åÇñ. μáñμáùáõÝ:
go ~ on sugar/alcohol ùÇã ß³ù³ñ/³ÉÏáÑáÉ û·- eccentric [ik΄sentrik] 1. n ï³ñûñÇݳÏ
ï³·áñÍ»É. It’s ~ eaeier said than done ²í»ÉÇ Ù³ñ¹. He is an ~ ܳ ï³ñûñÇÝ³Ï Ù³ñ¹ ¿. 2.
Ñ»ßï ¿ ³ë»É, ù³Ý ³Ý»É. E~ there! гݷǰëï. a ï³ñûñÇݳÏ, ³ñï³éáó:
E~ all !Íáí. ¸³¹³ñ»óÝ»°É Ãdzí³ñ»ÉÁ: eccentricity [‚eksen΄trisəti] n ï³ñûñÇݳ-
easychair [‚i:zi΄t∫eə] n μ³½Ï³Ãáé: ÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ñï³éáóáõÃÛáõÝ. an ~ ËëÏó. 먻-
easy-going [‚i:zi΄gəuiŋ] a ѳñÙ³ñíáÕ, éáõÝ ÙÇïù:
½ÇçáÕ: ecclesiastic [i‚kli:zi΄æstik] n Ñá·¨áñ³Ï³Ý,
eat [i:t] v áõï»É. ~ little/much/ quickly/slowly Ïñáݳíáñ:
ùÇã/ß³ï/³ñ³·/¹³Ý¹³Õ áõï»É. ~ one’s ecclesiastical [i‚kli:zi΄æstikl] a Ñá·¨áñ, »Ï»-
breakfast/dinner/supper ݳ˳׳߻É, ׳߻É, Õ»ó³Ï³Ý:
ÁÝÃñ»É. ~ up áõï»É í»ñç³óÝ»É, ëå³é»É. ~ a echelon [΄e∫əlɒn] 1.n é½Ù. ¿ß»ÉáÝ, ³ëïÇ׳-
square meal Ïáõßï áõï»É. ~ smb out of house ݳ߳ñ. 2. v ß³ñ³Ý ϳ½Ù»É, ß³ñ³Ý»É:
and home ÷Ëμ. ½ñÏ»É ³Ù»Ý ÇÝãÇó, áõï»Éáí echo [΄ekəu] n ³ñÓ³·³Ýù. the ~ of the old
íݳë å³ï׳é»É. (ëÝí»É) ~ in/out ï³ÝÁ/ quarrel ÑÇÝ í»×Ç ³ñÓ³·³Ýù. The valley ~ed
¹ñëáõÙ ëÝí»É. ~ very well ß³ï ɳí ëÝí»É. ~ with the children’s voices гñóí³ÛñÁ ³ñ-
eclipse 272 edible

Ó³·³ÝùáõÙ ¿ñ »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñÇ Ó³ÛÝ»ñÇÝ. ~ Çñ³í. ͳí³ÉÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝù:


what others say ÏñÏÝ»É ³ÛÝ, ÇÝã áõñÇßÝ»ñÝ ecstasy [΄ekstəsi] n ëù³Ýã³óáõÙ, ½Ù³ÛɳÝù.
»Ý ³ëáõÙ: ÑdzóáõÙ, ¿ùëï³½. be in ~ Ñdzó³Í/½Ù³ÛÉ-
eclipse [i΄klips] n ³ëïÕ·. ˳í³ñáõÙ. an an- í³Í ÉÇÝ»É. ~ over smth ÇÝã-áñ μ³Ýáí Ñdz-
nular/total/partial ~ ûÕ³Ó¨/ÉñÇí/Ù³ëݳÏÇ ó³Í ÉÇÝ»É:
˳í³ñáõÙ: ecstatic [ik΄stætik] a ëù³Ýã³Ï³Ý, ½Ù³Ûɳ-
eclipse [i΄klips] v ͳÍÏ»É, ëïí»ñÇ Ù»ç ÃáÕ- ϳÝ, ˳ݹ³í³é. be ~ about the suggestion
Ý»É. She ~d all the other students ܳ μáÉáñ ³é³ç³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÇó ˳ݹ³í³éí»É:
ÙÛáõë áõë³ÝáÕÝ»ñÇÝ ëïí»ñÇ Ù»ç ÃáÕ»ó: eddy [΄edi]1.n çñ³åïáõÛï, ÑáñÓ³Ýáõï.
ecological [‚i:kə΄lɒdзikl] a μݳå³Ñå³Ý³- (ù³Ùáõ) åï(áõ)ï³ÑáÕÙ: 2. v åïïí»É:
ϳÝ, ¿ÏáÉá·Ç³Ï³Ý. ~ damage, destruction/di- Eden [΄i:dn] n ¿¹»Ù, ¹ñ³Ëï:
saster, catastrophe μݳå³Ñå³Ý³Ï³Ý íݳë/ edge [edз] n ë³Ûñ. ~ of knife ¹³Ý³ÏÇ ë³Ûñ.
³Õ»ï: sharp/thin ~ ëáõñ/μ³ñ³Ï ë³Ûñ. on ~ ³ÝѳÙ-
economic [‚i:kə΄nɒmik] a ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý. ~ μ»ñ, ·ñ·éí³Í. give the ~ of a tongue to Ù»ÏÇ
policy ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ Ñ»ï ËÇëï Ëáë»É. the ~ of criticism ÷Ëμ.
assistance/independence/backwardness/pressure ùÝݳ¹³ïáõÃÛ³Ý ë³ÛñÁ. (ͳÛñ, »½ñ) the ~
ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ/³ÝϳËáõÃÛáõÝ/ of wood/village ³Ýï³éÇ/·ÛáõÕÇ Í³ÛñÁ/»½ñÁ.
Ñ»ï³ÙݳóáõÃÛáõÝ/×ÝßáõÙ. ~ recovery at the ~ of a precipice ³Ý¹áõÝ¹Ç Í³ÛñÇÝ. the ~
ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý í»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝáõÙ. (߳ѳí»ï) of material Ïïáñ»Õ»ÝÇ »½ñ³ß»ñï. the ~ of a
railways are no longer ~ »ñϳÃáõÕÇÝ ³Ûɨë road ׳Ù÷»½ñ. ~ of a skate ãÙáõßÏÇ ÏáÕ»½-
ß³Ñáõóμ»ñ ã¿. To sell at that price is not ~ ñÁ. take the ~ off ÃáõɳóÝ»É, ã³÷³íáñ»É.
²Û¹ ·Ýáí í³×³é»ÉÁ ߳ѳí»ï/Ó»éÝïáõ ã¿. have the ~ over ³é³í»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ. set
~ geography ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ³ß˳ñѳ·ñáõ- teeth on ~ ÝÛ³ñ¹»ñÇ íñ³ ³½¹»É. from ~ to ~
ÃÛáõÝ: ͳÛñÇó ͳÛñ. at the water’s ~ çñÇ ³÷ÇÝ. sit
economical [‚i:kə΄nɒmikl] a ïÝï»ëáÕ, on the ~ of the chair Ýëï»É ³ÃáéÇ Í³ÛñÇÝ:
ËݳÛáÕ. Ó»éÝïáõ, ߳ѳí»ï. be ~ ïÝï»- edge [edз] v ëñ»É. »½»ñ»É, »½»ñù ù³ß»É. ~
ëáÕ ÉÇÝ»É. be ~ of one’s time Çñ ųٳݳÏÁ the cloth with lace ÏïáñÁ ųå³í»Ýáí »½»-
ËݳۻÉ. an ~ car ËݳÛáÕ Ù»ù»Ý³: ñ»É. ~ one’s way through ׳ݳå³ñÑ Ñ³ñûÉ.
economics [‚i:kə΄nɒmiks] n pl ù³Õ³ù³- ~ away ÏáÕù³Ýó ·Ý³É. She ~d away from the
ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ, ÅáÕáíñ¹³Ï³Ý ïÝï»ëáõ- window ܳ å³ïáõѳÝÇ ÙáïÇó ÏáÕù³Ýó
ÃÛáõÝ: Ñ»é³ó³í:
economist [i΄kɒnəmist] n ïÝï»ë³·»ï. edge-tool [΄edзtu:l] n ÏïñáÕ ·áñÍÇù. play
ËݳÛáÕ/ïÝï»ëáÕ Ù³ñ¹: with ~s ÷Ëμ. Ïñ³ÏÇ Ñ»ï ˳ճÉ:
economize [i΄kɒnəmaiz] v ïÝï»ë»É, Ëݳ- edgeways [΄edзweiz], adv ëáõñ ͳÛñáí,
Û»É. ~ strength áõÅ»ñÁ ËݳۻÉ. ~ on petrol »½ñáí. place smth ~ ÏáÕùáí/ÏáÕùÇ íñ³
μ»Ý½ÇÝÇ íñ³ ïÝï»ë»É. ~ by walking ¹Ý»É. get a word in ~ ÷Ëμ. μ³é/Ëáëù Ù»ç
ïñ³ÝëåáñïÇ íñ³ ïÝï»ë»É: ·ó»É/ ³ë»É:
econom/y [i΄kɒnəmi] n ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ. na- edgewize [edзwəiz] ï»°ë edgeways:
tional ~ ÅáÕáíñ¹³Ï³Ý ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ. polit- edging [΄edзiŋ] n »½»ñ»ÉÁ, ϳñ·³íáñ»ÉÁ,
ical ~ ù³Õ³ù³ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ. shadow/mar- Ëáõ½áõÙ. ~ shears »ñǽݻñÁ Ëáõ½»Éáõ
ket ~ ëïí»ñ³ÛÇÝ/ ßáõÏ³Û³Ï³Ý ïÝï»ëáõ- ÙÏñ³ï. The lawn needs ~ سñ·³·»ïÝÇ
ÃÛáõÝ. the capitalist system of ~ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý »½»ñùÁ å»ïù ¿ ϳñ·³íáñ»É:
ϳåÇï³ÉÇëï³Ï³Ý ѳٳϳñ·. rural ~ edgy [΄edзi] a ëáõñ, ëñ³Í³Ûñ. ÷Ëμ.
·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ. (ïÝï»ëáõÙ, ËݳÛá- ·ñ·éí³Í. She’s very ~ today ²Ûëûñ ݳ ß³ï
ÕáõÃÛáõÝ) practice ~ ËݳÛáÕ³μ³ñ ͳËë»É/ ½³Ûñ³ó³Í/·ñ·éí³Í ¿:
³åñ»É. practice an extreme/strict ~ ËÇëï edible [΄edəbl] a áõï»ÉÇ, áõï»Éáõ ѳٳñ
ËݳÛáÕ³μ³ñ ͳËë»É/³åñ»É. make ~ ies to åÇï³ÝÇ. ~ mushrooms åÇï³ÝÇ ëáõÝÏ»ñ.
buy a house ÷áÕ ïÝï»ë»É/ËݳÛáÕáõÃÛáõÝ ~s áõï»ÉÇù, áõï»É»Õ»Ý:
³Ý»É ïáõÝ ·Ý»Éáõ ѳٳñ. ~ ies of scale edict [΄i:dikt] n åïÙ. Ññáí³ñï³Ï, Ññ³Ù³-
edict 273 effect

ݳ·Çñ: Ù³ñ¹:
edification [‚edifi΄kei∫n] n Ëñ³ï: educational [‚edju΄kei∫ənl] a ÏñóϳÝ, áõ-
edifice [΄edifis] n ß»Ýù/ϳéáõÛó: ëáõÙݳϳÝ, Ù³Ýϳí³ñųϳÝ. an ~ film
edify [΄edifai] v Ëñ³ï»É: áõëáõÙÝ³Ï³Ý ýÇÉÙ. ~ qualifications Ïñó-
edit [΄edit] v ËÙμ³·ñ»É, ïå³·ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³Ý Ù³Ï³ñ¹³Ï. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ network
å³ïñ³ëï»É. ~ a film ýÇÉÙ/ÏÇÝáÝϳñ ÙáÝ- ÏñÃ³Ï³Ý ÏáÙåÛáõï»ñ³ÛÇÝ ó³Ýó. ~ soft-
ï³Å»É. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ character ËÙμ³·ñÙ³Ý ware áõëáõó³ÝáÕ Íñ³·ñ³ÛÇÝ ³å³ÑáíáõÙ:
ëÇÙíáÉ. ~ clause ËÙμ³·ñÙ³Ý ûå»ñ³ïáñ. ~ education(al)ist, [‚edju΄kei∫nəlist] n Ù³Ý-
keys ËÙμ³·ñÙ³Ý ëï»ÕÝ»ñ: ϳí³ñÅ, ¹³ëïdzñ³Ï:
edition [i΄di∫n] n Ññ³ï³ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. (ûñ- educator [΄edjukeitə] n ï»°ë educa-
ÃÇ) ÃáÕ³ñÏáõÙ. »ñÏ»ñÇ ÅáÕáí³Íáõ. second tion(al)ist:
~ »ñÏñáñ¹ Ññ³ï³ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. special ~ educe [i΄dju:s] v ½³ñ·³óÝ»É, »ñ¨³Ý μ»ñ»É.
(ûñÃÇ) ѳïáõÏ ÃáÕ³ñÏáõÙ/³ñï³Ï³ñ· ~ from »½ñ³Ï³óÝ»É, ¹áõñë μ»ñ»É. ùÇÙ. ³Ý-
ѳٳñ. popular/pocket ~ ѳÝñ³Ù³ïã»ÉÇ/ ç³ï»É, ³é³ÝÓݳóÝ»É:
÷áùñ³Í³í³É Ññ³ï³ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. copyright eduction [i΄dΛk∫n] n ¹ñë¨áñáõÙ, óáõó³μ»-
~ Ñ»ÕÇݳϳÛÇÝ Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñáí å³ßï- ñáõÙ, »½ñ³Ï³óáõÃÛáõÝ:
å³Ýí³Í Ññ³ï³ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. evening ~ EEC [‚i:i:΄si:] n European Economic Commu-
»ñ»ÏáÛ³Ý ÃáÕ³ñÏáõÙ. ~ of 5000 copies 5000 nity ºíñáѳٳÛÝù:
ûñÇݳÏáí Ññ³ï³ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ: eel [i:l] v ϻݹ. ûÓ³ÓáõÏ:
editor [΄editə] n ËÙμ³·Çñ. ~ in-chief ·É˳- eerie, eery [΄iəri] a ³Ñ³ñÏáõ, ³Ñ³½¹áõ.
íáñ ËÙμ³·Çñ. associate ~ ËÙμ³·ñÇ û·Ý³- Ùé³ÛÉ. ëݳѳí³ï:
ϳÝ: efface [i΄feis] v çÝç»É, Ù³ùñ»É. ÷Ëμ. ÙïùÇó
editorial [‚edi΄tɔ:riəl]1. n ³é³çÝáñ¹áÕ ( ѳݻÉ. The inscription was ~d سϳ·ñáõ-
(Ñá¹í³Í). 2. a ËÙμ³·ñ³Ï³Ý. ~ office ÃÛáõÝÁ/êïáñ³·ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ çÝçí»É ¿ñ. He tried
ËÙμ³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ board ËÙμ³·ñ³Ï³Ý to ~ himself ܳ ÷áñÓáõÙ ¿ñ ³ÝÝϳï ÉÇÝ»É:
ÏáÉ»·Ç³. ~ comment ËÙμ³·ñ³Ï³Ý effect [i΄fekt] n ³ñ¹ÛáõÝù, ѻ勉Ýù. ³½¹»-
Ù»Ïݳμ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ/Éáõë³μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. an ~ óáõÃÛáõÝ, Ý»ñ·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ. have ~ ³½¹»É,
slip ËÙμ³·ñ³Ï³Ý ë˳É: ó³ÝϳÉÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝù ï³É. without/of no/to no
editorship [΄editə∫ip] n ËÙμ³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ~ ³Ýû·áõï. to this ~ ³Ûë Ýå³ï³Ïáí. take ~
ËÙμ³·ñáõÙ. under the ~ of ËÙμ³·ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ: ³½¹»É, ³ñ¹ÛáõÝù ï³É. side ~ ÏáÕÙݳÏÇ ³½-
educate [΄edjukeit] v ¹³ëïdzñ³Ï»É, ÏñûÉ. ¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ. come into ~ áõÅÇ Ù»ç ÙïÝ»É.
He was ~d to the law ܳ Çñ³í³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý bring/carry into ~ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É. give ~ to,
ÏñÃáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ ëï³ó»É. She ~d her dauhgter at put into ~ Çñ³·áñÍ»É, ·áñͳ¹ñ»É. in ~ ÷³ë-
home Üñ³ ¹áõëïñÁ ï³ÝÝ ¿ ÏñÃáõÃÛáõÝ ïáñ»Ý, Çñ³Ï³ÝáõÙ. suffer from the ~s Ñ»-
ëï³ó»É. ~ the children to wash their hands 勉ÝùÝ»ñÇó ï³é³å»É. (ïå³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ,
»ñ»Ë³Ý»ñÇÝ ëáíáñ»óÝ»É Ó»éù»ñÁ Éí³Ý³É: Ý»ñ·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ) a profound ~ áõÅ»Õ ïå³-
educated [΄edjukeitid] a ÏñÃí³Í, ½³ñ·³- íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. do smth for ~ ³Ý»É óáõó³¹ñ³-
ó³Í, ¹³ëïdzñ³Ïí³Í: Ï³Ý Ýå³ï³ÏÝ»ñáí. (ÇÙ³ëï, μáí³Ý¹³-
education [‚edju΄kei∫n] n ÏñÃáõÃÛáõÝ, áõëáõ- ÏáõÃÛáõÝ) write a letter to the same ~ ÝáõÛÝ μá-
óáõÙ. ¹³ëïdzñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. primary/sec- í³Ý¹³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùμ Ý³Ù³Ï ·ñ»É. and more to
ondary/higher ~ ï³ññ³Ï³Ý/ÙÇçݳϳñ·/ the same ~ ¨ ÝÙ³Ý μ³Ý»ñ, ¨ ³ÛÉÝ. (³½¹»óáõ-
μ³ñÓñ³·áõÛÝ ÏñÃáõÃÛáõÝ. compulsory ~ ÃÛáõÝ, áõÅ) cross ~ ѳϳ½¹áõÙ. legal ~ Çñ³í.
å³ñï³¹Çñ áõëáõóáõÙ. allround ~ μ³½Ù³- Çñ³í³Ï³Ý áõÅ. (áõÝ»ó³Í-ãáõÝ»ó³ÍÁ) hou-
ÏáÕÙ³ÝÇ ÏñÃáõÃÛáõÝ. trade ~ ³ñÑ»ëï³·Ç- sehold/personal ~s ïݳÛÇÝ/³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý Çñ»ñ:
ï³Ï³Ý ÏñÃáõÃÛáõÝ. vocational ~ Ù³ëݳ·Ç- effect [i΄fekt] v ѳëÝ»É, Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É. ~
ï³Ï³Ý ÏñÃáõÃÛáõÝ. institute of higher ~ μáõѪ one’s purpose Ýå³ï³ÏÇÝ Ñ³ëÝ»É. ~ a cure
μ³ñÓñ³·áõÛÝ áõëáõÙÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ëï³- μáõÅ»É ~ a deal ·áñͳñù ÏÝù»É/Ó¨³Ï»ñå»É.
ïáõÃÛáõÝ. university ~ ѳٳÉë³ñ³Ý³Ï³Ý ~ a saving ïÝï»ë»É:
ÏñÃáõÃÛáõÝ. a man of ~ ÏñÃí³Í/½³ñ·³ó³Í effective [i΄fektiv] n é½Ù. Ù³ñïÇÏ. ~s μ³-
effective 274 egregious

ݳÏÇ Ãí³Ï³Ý ϳ½ÙÁ: 2. a ³ñï³ÑáëáÕ:


effective [i΄fektiv] a ·áñÍáõÝ, Ý»ñ·áñÍáÕ, efflux [΄eflΛks] n ³ñï³Ñáë³Ýù:
³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï. an ~ medicine ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï effort [΄efət] n ç³Ýù, ×Ç·, ɳñáõÙ. ݳ˳-
¹»Õ. ~ remedies ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï/Ý»ñ·áñÍáÕ Ó»éÝáõÃÛáõÝ. lift the box with some ~ ³ñÏÕÁ
ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ. ~ speaker ³½¹áõ/ïå³íáñÇã Ñé»- áñáß ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É. make an
ïáñ. ~ measures ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ. ~ ç³Ýù/×Ç· ó÷»É. make/exert every ~ ³Ù»Ý
(Çñ³Ï³Ý, 黳É) the ~ income of the factory ÇÝ㠳ݻÉ, μáÉáñ ç³Ýù»ñÁ ·áñͳ¹ñ»É. spare
·áñͳñ³ÝÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý »Ï³ÙáõïÁ. become ~ no ~ ç³Ýù ãËݳۻÉ. a pretty/poor ~ ËÕ×áõÏ
áõÅÇ Ù»ç ÙïÝ»É. ~ date áõÅÇ Ù»ç ÙïÝ»Éáõ ÷áñÓ/×Ç·»ñ. not bad for a first ~ í³ï ã¿
ûñÁ: ³é³çÇÝ ÷áñÓÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. It’s quite a good ~
effectual [i΄fekt∫uəl] a ³½¹»óÇÏ, ·áñÍáõÝ. ¸³ μáÉáñáíÇÝ ¿É í³ï ã¿:
¿ý»ÏïÇí. Çñ³í. í³í»ñ³Ï³Ý, áõÅÇ Ù»ç effortless [΄efətləs] a Ñ»ßï, ç³Ýù ãå³Ñ³Ý-
·ïÝíáÕ: çáÕ/ãó÷áÕ:
effectuate [i΄fekt∫ueit] v ϳï³ñ»É, ³Ý»É, Ç effrontery [i΄frΛntəri] n ³Ý³ÙáÃáõÃÛáõÝ.
ϳï³ñ ³Í»É: have an ~ to ³Ý³ÙáÃáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ:
effeminacy [i΄feminəsi] n ϳݳóÇáõÃÛáõÝ, effulgent [i΄fΛldзənt] a Éáõë³×³×³Ýã, å³Û-
÷³÷ϳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ: ͳé:
effeminate [i΄feminət] a ϳݳóÇ, Ïݳ- effuse [i΄fju:s] v ó÷»É, ë÷é»É, ³ñӳϻÉ:
ÝÙ³Ý: effusion [i΄fju:зn] n ½»ÕáõÙ, ó÷»ÉÁ. ~ of
effervescent [‚efə΄vesnt] a (ËÙÇãùÝ»ñÇ Ù³- blood ³ñÛ³Ý ½»ÕáõÙ/Ïáñáõëï:
ëÇÝ) Ãßß³Ý, åÕåç³Ý. ÷Ëμ. Ï»Ýëáõñ³Ë, effusive [i΄fju:siv] a ³Ý½áõëå, ëñï³½»Õ,
μáõéÝ: ½·³Û³½»Õ. ã³÷³½³Ýóí³Í. ~ nature ³Ý-
efficacious [‚efi΄kei∫əs] a ·áñÍáõÝ, ³ñ¹Ûáõ- ½áõëå μÝáõÛÃ. be ~ in one’s thanks ã³÷³-
ݳí»ï. ~ cure for a disease ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛ³Ý ½³Ýóí³Í ßÝáñѳϳÉáõÃÛáõÝ Ñ³ÛïÝ»É:
³ñ¹áõݳí»ï μáõÅáõÙ: egg [eg] n Óáõ. hard/soft-boiled ~ åÇݹ ˳-
efficacy [΄efikəsi] n ³ñ·³ë³μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ß³Í/ûñË³ß Óáõ. shady ~ Ñáï³Í Óáõ. fried
½áñáõÃÛáõÝ, Ý»ñ·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ: ~s ÙËÉáõ, ³ÏÝÇÏ (Óí³Í»Õ). scrambled ~s ѳ-
efficiency [i΄fi∫nsi] n Ý»ñ·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ñ¹- ñ³Í Óí³Í»Õ. ham/bacon and ~s ³åáõËïáí
Ûáõݳí»ïáõÃÛáõÝ. ³ñï³¹ñáճϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ, Óí³Í»Õ. a bad ~ ÷Ëμ. ³Ýå»ïù Ù³ñ¹. ³Ý-
ϳñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. the ~ of production ³ñï³¹- ѳçáÕ Ó»éݳñÏáõÙ. as sure as ~s is ~s ѳë-
ñáճϳÝáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ïáõÃÛáõÝÁ. ï³ï, ³Ýßáõßï. ÇÝãå»ë »ñÏáõ ³Ý·³Ù »ñ-
The ~ of computers depends on their program- Ïáõ` ãáñë:
mers гٳϳñ·ÇãÝ»ñÇ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ïáõ- egg [eg] v ~ on ¹ñ¹»É, ·ñ·é»É£
ÃÛáõÝÁ ϳËí³Í ¿ Íñ³·ñ³íáñáÕÝ»ñÇó. He egg-cup [΄egkΛp] n Óí³Ù³Ý (Óáõ áõï»Éáõ
acted with his usual ~ ܳ Çñ»Ý ѳïáõÏ ³ñ¹- ѳٳñ):
Ûáõݳí»ï Ó¨áí ¿ñ ·áñÍáõÙ: egg-plant [΄egpla:nt] n ëÙμáõÏ, μ³¹ñÇç³Ý:
efficient [i΄fi∫nt] a ·áñÍáõÝ, ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï. egg-shaped [΄eg∫eipt] a Óí³Ó¨:
ϳñáÕ, áõݳÏ. an ~ business ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï egg-shell [΄eg∫el] n ÓíÇ Ï×»å:
³ß˳ïáÕ Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝ. The refrigerator eggwhite [΄egwait] n ÓíÇ ëåÇï³Ïáõó:
is very ~ ê³éݳñ³ÝÁ ß³ï É³í ¿ ³ß˳- eglantine [΄egləntain] n Ù³ëñ»ÝÇ, í³ÛñÇ
ïáõÙ: í³ñ¹:
effigy [΄efidзi] n å³ïÏ»ñ, Ýϳñ, ÝÙ³Ýáõ- egocentric [‚i:gəu΄sentrik] n »ë³Ï»ÝïñáÝ:
ÃÛáõÝ: egoism [΄i:gəu‚iz(ə)m] n »ë³ëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ,
effloresce [‚eflə΄res] v ͳÕÏ»É, ÷ÃûÉ. ùÇÙ. ¿·áǽÙ:
ųݷáïí»É, ù³Ûù³Ûí»É: egoist [΄i:gəuist] n »ë³ë»ñ, ¿·áÇëï:
efflorescence [‚eflə΄resns] n ͳÕÏáõÙ, egoistic(al) [‚i:gəu΄istik(l)] a »ë³ëÇñ³Ï³Ý,
÷ÃÃáõÙ. μÅßÏ. (ó³ÝÇ) ¹áõñë ï³ÉÁ; ¿·áÇëï³Ï³Ý:
effluence [΄efluəns] n ³ñï³ÑáëáõÙ: egregious [i΄gri:dзəs] a »ñ¹íÛ³É. ïËñ³-
effluent [΄efluənt] 1. n ÏáÛáõÕáõ Ï»Õï³çáõñ. Ñéã³Ï. ³Õ³Õ³ÏáÕ. an ~ ass/idiot ÑÇÙ³ñÇ
egress 275 elderly

·ÉáõË. an ~ blunder ³Õ³Õ³ÏáÕ ë˳É. an ~ ɳí Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É Íñ³·ÇñÁ:


liar ³ÝáõÕÕ»ÉÇ ëï³Ëáë: elaborately [i΄læbərətli] adv ËݳÙùáí. The
egress [΄i:gres] n »Éù. ¹áõñë ·³Éáõ Çñ³íáõÝù£ hall was ~ decorated ¸³ÑÉÇ×Á ËݳÙùáí ½³ñ-
egret [΄i:grət] n ëåÇï³Ï ÓÏÝÏáõÉ: ¹³ñí³Í ¿ñ:
Egyptian [i΄dзip∫n] n, a »·Çåï³óÇ, »·Çå- elaboration [i‚læbə΄rei∫n] n Ùß³ÏáõÙ, ϳ-
ïáõÑÇ. ·Ýãáõ, ·ÝãáõÑÇ. »·Çåï³Ï³Ý: ï³ñ»É³·áñÍáõÙ:
eh [ei] int ÑÁ±, DZÝã, DZÝã ³ë³óÇù£ elapse [i΄læps] v ³ÝóÝ»É, ³í³ñïí»É, ëå³é-
eider [΄aidə] n ϻݹ. ³Û¹»ñáõÏ, ÷³÷ϳ÷»- í»É. Six years had ~d ²Ýó³í í»ó ï³ñÇ. Not
ïáõñ μ³¹: an hour had ~d when... ØÇ Å³Ù ¿É ã¿ñ ³Ýó»É,
eider-down [΄aidədaun] n ³Û¹»ñáõÏÇ ³Õ- »ñμ...:
í³÷»ïáõñ: elastic [i΄læstik] 1. n é»ïÇÝ. 2.a é»ïÇÝ».
eight [eit] 1. num áõÃ. 2. n áõÃÝÛ³Ï. He is 8 ÷Ëμ. ×ÏáõÝ, ѳñÙ³ñíáÕ. Rules here are ~
(years old) ܳ áõà ï³ñ»Ï³Ý ¿: úñ»ÝùÝ»ñÝ ³Ûëï»Õ μ³í³Ï³Ý ×ÏáõÝ/Ù»ÕÙ
eighteen [‚ei΄ti:n] num ï³ëÝáõÃ: »Ý:
eighteenth [‚ei΄ti:nθ] num ï³ëÝáõûñáñ¹: elasticity [‚i:læ΄stisiti] n ×ÏáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ,
eighth [eitθ] num áõûñáñ¹. an ~ Ù»Ï áõû- ³é³Ó·³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ÷Ëμ. ѳñÙ³ñíáÕáõ-
ñáñ¹: ÃÛáõÝ:
eighties [΄eitiz] n pl áõÃëáõÝ³Ï³Ý Ãí³Ï³Ý- elate [i΄leit] a μ³ñÓñ ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç,
Ý»ñÁ: ˳ݹ³í³é£
eightieth [΄eitiəθ] num áõÃëáõÝ»ñáñ¹: elate [i΄leit] v ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ μ³ñÓñ³ó-
eighty [΄eiti] num áõÃëáõÝ: Ý»É, ù³ç³É»ñ»É. be ~d μ³ñÓñ ïñ³Ù³¹-
either [΄aiðə] 1. a, prn ó³Ýϳó³ÍÁ. take ~ of ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É. ~ by success ѳçáÕ-
them í»ñóñáõ áñÁ Ïáõ½»ë/ó³Ýϳó³ÍÁ. ~ of áõÃÛáõÝÇó á·¨áñí³Í/è ³é³Í:
the dresses is suitable ò³Ýϳó³Í ѳ·áõëïÁ elation [i΄lei∫n] n Ññ×í³Ýù, ˳ݹ³í³éáõ-
ѳñÙ³ñ ¿. We don’t need ~ of these things ²Ûë ÃÛáõÝ. hug smn in ~ Ññ×í³ÝùÇó Ù»ÏÇÝ ÷³-
Çñ»ñÇó áã Ù»ÏÁ Ù»½ å»ïù ã¿. 2. a »ñÏáõëÝ Ã³Ãí»É:
¿É. at ~ end of the table ë»Õ³ÝÇ »ñÏáõ ÏáÕ- elbow [΄elbəu] n ³ñÙáõÝÏ. at one’s ~ Ó»éùÇ
ÙáõÙ. You can do it ~ way ¸áõ ³ÛÝ Ï³ñáÕ »ë ï³Ï, ÏáÕùÇÝ. out at ~s (ѳ·áõëïÇ) ³ñ-
»ñÏáõ Ó¨áí ¿É ³Ý»É. at ~ end of the street ÷á- ÙáõÝÏÝ»ñÁ Ù³ßí³Í/ïñáñí³Í. rub ~s with
ÕáóÇ ëϽμáõÙ ¨ í»ñçáõÙ: 3. adv ÝáõÛÝå»ë I ËëÏó. μ³ñ»Ï³Ù³Ý³É, μ³ñ»Ï³ÙáõÃÛáõÝ
don’t know ~ ºë ÝáõÛÝå»ë ã·Çï»Ù. 4. cnj ³Ý»É. up to the ~s ÙÇÝ㨠ÏáÏáñ¹Á Ëñí³Í. ~
ϳ٠~ or ϳÙ... ϳÙ. ~ today or tomorrow bend ï»Ë. ËáÕáí³ÏÇ ÍáõÝÏ:
³Ûëûñ ϳ٠í³ÕÁ. I haven’t seen ~ him or his elbow [΄elbəu] v ³ñÙáõÝÏáí Ññ»É. ~ one’s way
friend àã Ýñ³Ý, áã ÁÝÏ»ñáçÁ ã»Ù ï»ë»É: Ññ»Éáí ³ÝóÝ»É, ׳ݳå³ñÑ μ³ó»É Çñ ѳ-
ejaculate [i΄dзækjuleit] v μ³ó³Ï³Ýã»É: Ù³ñ:
eject [i΄dзekt] v íï³ñ»É. ~ a tenant í³ñÓ³- elbow grease [΄elbəugri:s] n ͳÝñ/ѳ-
ϳÉÇÝ íï³ñ»É: Ù³é/ïáÏáõÝ ³ß˳ï³Ýù:
ejection [i΄dзek∫n] n íï³ñáõÙ, ųÛÃùáõÙ: elbow-room [΄elbəuru:m] n ËëÏó. ³½³ï
eke [i:k] v ~ out Éñ³óÝ»É. ~ out one’s lively- ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, ß³ñÅí»Éáõ ï»Õ. no ~ in the
hood/existence/ living ͳÛñÁ ͳÛñÇÝ Ñ³ëó- flat μݳϳñ³ÝáõÙ ß³ñÅí»Éáõ ï»Õ ãϳ. give
Ý»É. ~ out the meat for three days ÙÇëÁ »ñ»ù ~ ÷Ëμ. ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ³½³ïáõÃÛáõÝ
ûñ û·ï³·áñÍ»É: ï³É. ³½³ï ·áñÍ»Éáõ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ
elaborate [i΄læbərət] a μ³ñ¹, í³ñå»ïá- ï³É:
ñ»Ý ϳï³ñí³Í. an ~ hairdo Ñݳñ³ÙÇï elder I [΄eldə] n μëμ. óÝÃñí»ÝÇ:
ë³Ýñí³Íù. (Ýñμ³×³ß³Ï) an ~ dinner elder II [΄eldə] n 1. Í»ñáõÝÇ. ~s Í»ñ»ñÁ, Ù»-
Ýñμ³×³ß³Ï, ÝñμÁÝïÇñ ׳ßÏ»ñáõÛÃ: Í»ñÁ. 2. a ³í³· the ~ of the two brothers
elaborate [i΄læbəreit] v ËݳÙùáí/Ù³Ýñ³- »ñÏáõ »Õμ³ÛñÝ»ñÇó ³í³·Á:
Ù³ëÝ Ù߳ϻÉ. ~ a theme ËݳÙùáí/Ù³Ýñ³- elderly [΄eldəli] a ѳë³Ï³íáñ, ѳë³ÏÝ
Ù³ëÝ Ùß³Ï»É Ã»Ù³Ý. ~ one’s proposal ³í»ÉÇ ³é³Í. ï³ñÇù³íáñ, ï³ñ»ó:
eldest 276 elevated

eldest [΄eldist] a ³Ù»Ý³Ù»Í, ³Ù»Ý³³í³· »ÝóñÏ»É:


(ÁÝï³ÝÇùáõÙ): electrocution [i‚lektrə΄kju:∫n] n ٳѳå³-
elect [i΄lekt] 1. n ÁÝïñÛ³É. the ~ ÁÝïñÛ³ÉÝ»- ïÇÅ ¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³Ý ³ÃáéÇ íñ³:
ñÁ. 2. a ÁÝïñí³Í. the president ~ ÁÝïñí³Í electrode [i΄lektrəud] n ¿É»Ïïñá¹:
åñ»½Ç¹»ÝïÁ. bride ~ Ý߳ݳÍ, ѳñëݳóáõ: electromagnet [i‚lektrəu΄mægnit] n ¿É»Ïï-
elect [i΄lekt] v ÁÝïñ»É. ~ a chairman ݳ˳- ñ³Ù³·ÝÇë:
·³Ñ ÁÝïñ»É. ~ by ballot ùí»³ñÏ»É. (áñáß»É, electron [i΄lektrɒn] n ýǽ. ¿É»ÏïñáÝ:
ݳËÁÝïñ»É) He ~ed to stay at home ܳ electronic [i‚lek΄trɒnik] a ýǽ. ¿É»Ïïñáݳ-
ݳËÁÝïñ»ó ï³ÝÁ ÙݳÉ: ÛÇÝ. ~ mail, e-mail ¿É»ÏïñáݳÛÇÝ ÷áëï. ~
election [i΄lek∫n] n ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. primary eaves dropping ¿É»ÏïñáݳÛÇÝ ·³Õïݳ-
~ ݳËÝ³Ï³Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. general/an- ÉëáõÙ:
nual/direct/equal ~ ÁݹѳÝáõñ/ï³ñ»Ï³Ý/ electronics [i‚lek΄trɒniks] n ¿É»ÏïñáÝÇϳ:
áõÕÕ³ÏÇ/ ѳí³ë³ñ ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. ~ pro-
elegance [΄eligəns], elegancy [΄eligənsi] n
Ýñμ³·»ÕáõÃÛáõÝ, å»ñ׳ßùáõÃÛáõÝ:
cedure ÁÝïñáõÃÛ³Ý ÁÝóó³Ï³ñ·. ~ results
ÁÝïñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñ:
elegant [΄eligənt] a Ýñμ³·»Õ. an ~ young man/
style Ýñμ³·»Õ/¿É»·³Ýï »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹/ á×.
electioneer [i‚lek∫ə΄niə] v ݳËÁÝïñ³Ï³Ý
÷Ëμ. Ýñμ³·»Õ, å»ñ׳ßáõù:
ϳÙå³Ýdz ³ÝóϳóÝ»É:
electioneering [i‚lek∫ə΄niəriŋ] n ݳËÁÝï- elegy [΄elədзi] n »Õ»ñ»ñ·, »Õ»ñ»ñ·áõÃÛáõÝ.
¿É»·Ç³:
ñ³Ï³Ý ϳÙå³Ýdz:
elective [i΄lektiv] a ÁÝïñáíÇ, ÁÝïñ³Ï³Ý. áã element [΄elimənt] n ï³ññ, Ù³ëÝÇÏ. ·ÇÍ.
ùÇÙ., ¿É. ï³ññ. an ~ of truth ×ßÙ³ñïáõÃÛ³Ý
å³ñï³¹Çñ. ϳٳíáñ. ³ÛÉÁÝïñ³Ï³Ý:
ÙÇ Ù³ëÝÇÏ. a basic ~ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ·ÇÍ. ~s ÑÇ-
elector [i΄lektə] n ÁÝïñáÕ. ³Ù. ÁÝïñáÕ ÙáõÝùÝ»ñ, ÑÇÙù»ñ. the ~s of geometry »ñÏñ³-
å³ïíÇñ³Ï:
ã³÷áõÃÛ³Ý ÑÇÙáõÝùÝ»ñÁ. (ï³ñ»ñù) the four
electoral [i΄lektərəl] a ÁÝïñ³Ï³Ý. ~ code ~s ãáñë ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ï³ñ»ñù. be in one’s ~s
ÁÝïñ³Ï³Ý ûñ»Ýë·Çñù. ~ system ÁÝïñ³- Çñ ï³ñ»ñùÇ Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É:
Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·: elemental [‚eli΄mentl] a ëϽμݳϳÝ, ÑÇÙ-
electorate [i΄lektərət] n ÁÝïñáÕÝ»ñ. ÁÝï- ݳϳÝ. ï³ññ³Ï³Ý, ï³ñ»ñ³ÛÇÝ:
ñ³ï³ñ³Íù: elementary [‚eli΄mentəri] a ëϽμݳϳÝ,
electric(al) [i΄lektrik(l)] a ¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³Ý. ~ ݳËݳϳÝ. ï³ññ³Ï³Ý. an ~ school ï³ñ-
light ¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. The atmosphere ñ³Ï³Ý ¹åñáó. Thar’s ~ ¸³ ï³ññ³Ï³Ý
was ~ ÷Ëμ. ØÃÝáÉáñïÁ ßÇϳó³Í ¿ñ. ÷Ëμ. μ³Ý ¿:
³åß»óáõóÇã, ³ñï³ëáíáñ. The effect was ~ elephant [΄elifənt] n ÷ÇÕ. white ~ ëåÇï³Ï
îå³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³åß»óáõóÇã ¿ñ: ÷ÇÕ. ÷Ëμ. ³Ýû·áõï μ³Ý, ͳÝñ μ»é. see the
electric blue [i‚lektrik΄blu:] a ¿É»ÏïñÇÏ ~ ³ß˳ñÑ ï»ëÝ»É, ÏÛ³ÝùÁ ׳߳ϻÉ:
(·áõÛÝ): elephantine [‚eli΄fæntain] a ÷ÕÇ, ÷Õ³ÛÇÝ.
electrician [ilek΄tri∫n] n ¿É»Ïïñ³ï»ËÝÇÏ, ÷Ëμ. ³ÝßÝáñÑù, ³Ñ³·ÇÝ.
¿É»ÏïñáÙáÝïÛáñ: elevate [΄eliveit] v μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É, ³½Ýí³óÝ»É,
electricity [i‚lek΄trisəti] n ¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³Ýáõ- íë»Ù³óÝ»É. ~ the voice Ó³ÛÝÁ μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É.
ÃÛáõÝ: ~ the hopes ÑáõÛë»ñ ³ñÃݳóÝ»É. ~ the mind
electric powered [i‚lektrik΄pauəd] a ¿É»Ïï- Ùï³ÑáñǽáÝÁ ɳÛݳóÝ»É. ~ to a lordship
ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ ³ß˳ïáÕ. ~ saw ¿É»Ïïñ³- Éáñ¹Ç ³ëïÇ׳ÝÇ μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É. ÏáãáõÙ/
Ï³Ý ëÕáó ~ lead extension ¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³Ý ɳ- ïÇïÕáë ï³É:
ñÇ »ñϳñ³óáõóÇã: elevated [΄eliveitid] a μ³ñÓñ. í»Ñ, í»ñ³Ù-
electrification [i‚lektrifi΄kei∫n] n ¿É»ÏïñÇ- μ³ñÓ. an ~ platform μ³ñÓñ ѳñóÏ. (í»ñ-
ýÇϳódz: »ñÏñÛ³) an ~ railway í»ñ»ñÏñÛ³ »ñϳÃáõÕÇ.
electrify [i΄lektrifai] v ¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É: in an ~ mood μ³ñÓñ ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç.
electrocute [i΄lektrəkju:t] v ¿É»Ïïñ³Ñ³ñ ³- ËëÏó. ÙÇ ùÇã ËÙ³Í/ÏáÝͳÍ. ~ style
Ý»É. ¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³Ý Ñáë³Ýùáí ëå³Ý»É. í»ñ³Ùμ³ñÓ á×:
Çñ³í. ¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³Ý ³Ãáéáí ٳѳå³ïÅÇ elevation [‚eli΄vei∫n] n μ³ñÓáõÝù, μ³ñÓñ³-
elevation 277 elusion

í³Ý¹³Ï. å³ßïáÝÇ μ³ñÓñ³óáõÙ. ~ of style ell [el] n ß»ÝùÇ Ã¨. ³Ù. ÏÇó ϳéáõÛó, ÏáÕ³-
á×Ç í»Ñ³óáõÙ: ϳéáõÛó:
elevator [΄eliveitə] n í»ñ»É³Ï. í»ñ³Ùμ³ñ- ellipse [i΄lips] n Ù³Ã. ¿ÉÇåë:
ÓÇã. ¿É¨³ïáñ (óáñ»ÝÇ å³Ñ»ëï): ellipsis [i΄lipsis] n É»½í. ¿ÉÇåë, ½»ÕçáõÙ,
eleven [i΄levn] num ï³ëÝÙ»Ï, 11. It’s after ~ μ³óÃáÕáõÙ:
now ÐÇÙ³ 11-Ý ³Ýó ¿. ~ year old 11 ï³ñ»- elliptic(al) [i΄liptik(l)] a Ù³Ã. ¿ÉÇåë³Ó¨.
ϳÝ: É»½í. ¿ÉÇåïÇÏ:
eleventh [i΄levnθ] num ï³ëÝٻϻñáñ¹. at elm [elm] n μëμ. Í÷Ç:
the ~ hour ÷Ëμ. í»ñçÇÝ ñáå»ÇÝ: elocution [‚elə΄kju:∫n] n ׳ñï³ë³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ.
elf [elf] n ¹Çóμ. ¿Éý. ã³ñ³××Ç: His ~ is bad Üñ³ Ó³ÛÝÁ í³ï ¿ ¹ñí³Í:
elfin [΄elfin] 1.n ýáõÏ, ÷áùñÇÏ. 2. a ϳ˳ñ- elongate [΄i:lɒŋgeit] v »ñϳñ³óÝ»É. ųٳ-
¹³Ï³Ý. ~ dances ¿Éý»ñÇ å³ñ»ñ: ݳÏÁ »ñϳñ³óÝ»É:
elfish [΄elfi∫] a ϳ˳ñ¹³Ï³Ý. åëïÉÇÏ. ã³- elope [i΄ləup] v ÷³Ëã»É (ëÇñ³ÍÇ Ñ»ï),
ñ³××Ç: óùÝí»É, Ñ»é³Ý³É:
elf-locks [΄elflɒks] n pl ˳éÝí³Í/Ë××í³Í eloquence [΄eləkwəns] n å»ñ׳ËáëáõÃÛáõÝ:
Ù³½»ñ: eloquent [΄eləkwənt] a å»ñ׳Ëáë. an ~ si-
elicit [i΄lisit] v ¹áõñë ѳݻÉ/ù³ß»É. ëï³Ý³É, lence å»ñ׳Ëáë ÉéáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ eyes ³ñï³-
Ó»éù μ»ñ»É. ~ a reply/the truth å³ï³ëË³Ý Ñ³ÛïÇã ³ãù»ñ/ËáëáõÝ:
ëï³Ý³É. ×ßÙ³ñïáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ëÝ»É: else [els] adv ¿ÉÇ, ¿É. anybody ~ ¿ÉÇ áñ¨¿ Ù»ÏÁ.
elide [i΄laid] v μ³ó ÃáÕÝ»É, ѳå³í»É. Ééáõ- tell us smth ~ ¿ÉÇ ÙÇ μ³Ý å³ïÙÇñ. everyone
ÃÛ³Ý Ù³ïÝ»É: ~ Ùݳó³Í/ÙÛáõë μáÉáñÁ. everything ~ μáÉáñ
eligibility [‚elidзə΄biləti] n ÁÝïñí»Éáõ/å³ß- Ùݳó³Í μ³Ý»ñÁ. (ï³ñμ»ñ, áõñÇß, ³ÛÉ) Ask
ïáÝ ½μ³Õ»óÝ»Éáõ Çñ³íáõÝù. question one’s smb ~ гñóñ»ù Ù»Ï áõñÇßÇÝ. anything ~ Ù»Ï
~ Çñ³íáõÝùÁ ѳñó³Ï³ÝÇ ï³Ï ¹Ý»É: ³ÛÉ/áõñÇß μ³Ý. somewhere ~ Ù»Ï ³ÛÉ/áõñÇß
eligible [΄elidзəbl] a ÁÝïñí»Éáõ Çñ³íáõÝù áõ- ï»Õ. (ÑñóÏÝ.) What ~? ¾É DZÝã. Who ~? ¾É
Ý»óáÕ. be ~ for election ÁÝïñí»Éáõ Çñ³íáõÝù á±í. Where ~? ¾É á±õñ How ~? ¾É ÇÝãå»±ë
áõݻݳÉ. be ~ for the club membership ³ÏáõÙ- (ÅËï. ¹»ñ.) nothing ~ ³Ûɨë/¿É áã ÙÇ μ³Ý.
μÇ ³Ý¹³Ù ÉÇÝ»Éáõ Çñ³íáõÝù áõݻݳÉ. He is nothing ~ to be done ³Ý»Éáõ ¿É áã ÙÇ μ³Ý. no-
an ~ young man Þ³ï ѳñÙ³ñ »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹ body ~ ³Ûɨë áã áù. Nobody ~ knows about it
/ûÏݳÍáõ ¿: ²Û¹ Ù³ëÇÝ ³Ûɨë áã áù ã·ÇïÇ. Little ~ re-
eliminate [i΄limineit] v Ñ»é³óÝ»É, í»ñ³ó- mains øÇã μ³Ý ¿ ÙÝáõÙ. more than anything ~
Ý»É, áãÝã³óÝ»É, ѳݻÉ. ~ errors ë˳ÉÝ»ñÁ ³í»ÉÇÝ ù³Ý áñ¨¿ ³ÛÉ μ³Ý. or ~ û ã¿, ѳ-
í»ñ³óÝ»É. ~ a possibility Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ϳé³Ï ¹»åùáõÙ. Be quiet or ~ leave the room
Ñ»é³óÝ»É. ~ a candidate ûÏݳÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÈéÇñ ϳÙ/ѳϳé³Ï ¹»åùáõÙ ¹áõñë ·Ý³.
You get moving or ~! ËëÏó. ¸»° ·áñÍÇ ³ÝóÇñ/
ѳݻÉ. ~ the suspect ϳëϳÍÁ í»ñ³óÝ»É. ~
¶Ý³° ¿ëï»ÕÇó, û ã¿...
one’s enemies ÃßݳÙÇÝ»ñÇÝ áãÝã³óÝ»É/í»-
ñ³óÝ»É. He was ~d in the first round Ùñ½. ܳ
elsewhere [‚els΄weə] adv áñ¨¿ ³ÛÉ ï»Õ, ³Û-
Éáõñ. They must have come from ~ гí³Ý³-
˳ÕÇó ¹áõñë Ùݳó ³é³çÇÝ Ë³Õ³ßñç³-
μ³ñ Ù»Ï ³ÛÉ ï»ÕÇó »Ý »Ï»É:
ÝÇó:
elimination [i‚limi΄nei∫n] n Ñ»é³óáõÙ, elucidate [i΄lu:sideit] v Éáõë³μ³Ý»É, å³ñ-
½³μ³Ý»É, μ³ó³ïñ»É:
áãÝã³óáõÙ, í»ñ³óáõÙ. by a process of ~ μ³-
elude [i΄lu:d] v Ëáõë³÷»É, ËáõÛë ï³É. ÷³Ë-
ó³éÙ³Ý Ù»Ãá¹áí/ÙÇçáóáí. ~ of one’s rivals
ã»É, ¹áõñë åñÍÝ»É. ~ one’s enemies/pursuit
³ËáÛ³ÝÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³óáõÙ:
Ëáõë³÷»É ÃßݳÙÇÝ»ñÇó/Ñ»ï³åݹáõÙÇó.
elision [i΄liзn] n É»½í. Ó³ÛݳíáñÇ Ñ³å³- ~ observation Ëáõë³÷»É ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛáõÝÇó.
íáõÙ:
His name ~s me â»Ù ϳñáÕ³ÝáõÙ Ýñ³
elite [i΄li:t] n ÁÝïÇñ ѳë³ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ¿ÉÇ- ³ÝáõÝÁ ÑÇß»É:
ï³: elusion [i΄lu:зn] n Ëáõë³÷áõÙ, ËáõÛë ï³ÉÁ,
elixir [i΄liksə] n Ï»Ýë³ÑÛáõÃ, μáõųÑÛáõÃ: ÷³Ëáõëï:
elk [elk] n ϻݹ. ÑÛáõëÇë³ÛÇÝ »Õç»ñáõ: elusive [i΄lu:siv] a ³Ýáñë³ÉÇ, Ëáõë³÷áÕ³-
elusive 278 emblematic(al)

ϳÝ, ³ÝÁÙμéÝ»ÉÇ. an ~ criminal ³Ýáñë³ÉÇ embarrassing [im΄bærəsiŋ] a ß÷áûóÝáÕ,


á×ñ³·áñÍ. an ~ memory ÃáõÛÉ ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ¹Åí³ñÇÝ. ~ situation ¹Åí³ñÇÝ Ï³óáõÃÛáõÝ.
Happiness is ~ ºñç³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ ˳μáõëÇÏ ¿: ~ question ³Ýѳٻëï ѳñó. The silence was
elusory [i΄lu:səri] a Ñ»ßï Ùáé³óíáÕ, ãïå³- becoming ~ ÈéáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¹³éÝáõÙ ¿ñ ³Ýï³-
íáñíáÕ: Ý»ÉÇ/ɳñí³Í:
emaciate [i΄mei∫ieit] v ÑÛáõÍ»É, ٳ߻É. ÑÛáõÍ- ebarrassment [im΄bærəsmənt] n ¹Åí³ñ/
í³Í, Ù³ßí³Í: ͳÝñ ϳóáõÃÛáõÝ. ß÷áÃÙáõÝù. financial ~s
emaciation [i‚meisi΄ei∫n] n ÑÛáõÍáõÙ, Ù³- ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. be a great
ßáõÙ: ~ Ù»Í ·É˳ó³í³Ýù ÉÇÝ»É/å³ï׳é»É:
emaciated [i΄mei∫ieitid] a ÑÛáõÍí³Í, Ù³ß- embassy [΄embəsi] n ¹»ëå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ¹»ë-
í³Í: å³Ý³ïáõÝ. apply to the ~ ¹»ëå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ
e-mail [i: meil] n ÑÙÏñ·. ¿É»ÏïñáݳÛÇÝ ¹ÇÙ»É. through the ~ ¹»ëå³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇçá-
÷áëï£ óáí:
emanate [΄eməneit] v μË»É, ëÏÇ½μ ³éÝ»É, embed [im΄bed] v ³Ùñ³óÝ»É, ïÝÏ»É, óջÉ.
ͳ·»É: The nail was ~ded into the wall Ø»ËÝ ³Ùáõñ
emanation [‚emə΄nei∫n] n μËáõÙ, ׳é³- Ùï»É ¿ñ å³ïÇ Ù»ç. ~ded in concrete μ»ïá-
·³ÛÃáõÙ, ³ñï³ÑáëáõÙ: Ýáí ³Ùñ³óñ³Í. ~ in one’s recollection/mem-
emancipate [i΄mænsipeit] v ³½³ï»É, ³½³- ory ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ïå³íáñí³Í/³Ùñ³-
ï³·ñ»É: ó³Í: ÑÙÏñ·. ~ded a Ý»ñ¹ñí³Í. ~ hyperlink
emancipation [i‚mænsi΄pei∫n] n ³½³ï³- Ý»ñ¹ñí³Í ·»ñϳå. ~ loop Ý»ñ¹ñí³Í óÇÏÉ.
·ñáõÙ. ~ of slaves ëïñáõÏÝ»ñÇ ³½³ï³- ~ software Ý»ñ¹ñí³Í Íñ³·ñ³ÛÇÝ ³å³-
·ñáõÙ: ÑáíáõÙ. ~ tutorial áõëáõóÙ³Ý Ý»ñ¹ñí³Í ÙÇ-
emasculate [i΄mæskjuleit] a ³ÙáñÓ³ï»É, çáóÝ»ñ:
Ý»ñùÇÝÇ ¹³ñÓÝ»É, Ý»ñùÇÝdzóÝ»É. ÷Ëμ. embellish [im΄beli∫] v ½³ñ¹³ñ»É, ·»Õ³-
É»½áõÝ ³Õù³ï³óÝ»É: ½³ñ¹»É. ÷Ëμ. Ñݳñ»É, ͳÕÏ»óÝ»É. ~ the
embalm [im΄ba:m] v ½Ùéë»É (¹Ç³ÏÁ) ÷Ëμ. dress/ room ѳ·áõëïÁ/ë»ÝÛ³ÏÁ ½³ñ¹³ñ»É.
ѳí»ñųóÝ»É. ³Ýáõß³ÑáïáõÃÛ³Ùμ ÉóÝ»É: ~ the story å³ïÙí³ÍùÁ ͳÕÏ»óÝ»É/·»Õ³-
embank [im΄bæŋk] v å³ïí³ñ ϳݷݻó- ½³ñ¹»É:
Ý»É, ÃáõÙμ ϳå»É: ember [΄embə] n ϻݹ. 쨻é³ÛÇÝ ëáõ½³Ñ³í:
embankment [im΄bæŋkmənt] n ³Ùμ³ñ- ember(s) [΄embə(s)] n Ù³ñÙñáÕ ³ÍáõËÝ»ñ,
ï³Ï, å³ïí³ñ, ÃáõÙμ. ³é³÷ÝÛ³ ÷áÕáó: ï³ù ÙáËÇñ:
embargo [im΄ba:gəu] n μéݳñ·»Éù, ݳí³ñ- embezzle [im΄bezl] v Ûáõñ³óÝ»É/ áõñÇßÇ ÷á-
·»Éù. place an/lay on an ~ ³ñ·»Éù ¹Ý»É. be Õ»ñÁ/áõÝ»óí³ÍùÁ. ~ official funds å»ï³-
under an ~ ³ñ·»ÉùÇ ï³Ï ÉÇÝ»É: Ï³Ý ÷áÕ»ñÁ Ûáõñ³óÝ»É:
embargo [im΄ba:gəu] v ³ñ·»É»É (³ñï³Ñ³- embezzlement [im΄bezlmənt] n Ûáõñ³óáõÙ,
ÝáõÙÁ ϳ٠ݻñÙáõÍáõÙÁ): ½»Õͳñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ: be arrested for ~ μ³Ý-
embark [im΄ba:k] v ( ݳí) μ»éÝ»É, μ³ñÓ»É. ï³ñÏí»É ½»Õͳñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ:
ݳí Ýëï»É. ~ on smth ÷Ëμ. Ó»éݳñÏ»É, embitter [im΄bitə] v Ãáõݳíáñ»É, ¹³éݳó-
ëÏë»É. ~ on a long journey »ñϳñ ׳Ù÷áñ- Ý»É (áõñ³ËáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ). ³Ýï³Ý»ÉÇ
¹áõÃÛáõÝ Ó»éݳñÏ»É/ëÏë»É. ~ on a two-year ¹³ñÓÝ»É. ã³ñ³óÝ»É, ½³Ûñ³óÝ»É:
course »ñϳÙÛ³ Ïáõñë»ñ ÁݹáõÝí»É. ~ on a embittered [em΄bitəd] a ½³Ûñ³ó³Í, íßï³-
new venture Ýáñ Ó»éݳñÏáõÙ ëÏë»É: ó³Í: be ~ about the fact ½³Ûñ³ó³Í/íßï³-
embarkation [‚emba:΄kei∫n] n ݳí Ýëï»ÉÁ. ó³Í ÉÇÝ»É ÷³ëïÇ Ï³å³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ùμ:
ݳí³μ»éÝáõÙÁ. ~ card ·Ý³óù/ÇÝùݳÃÇé/ emblazon [im΄bleizn] v ·»Õ³½³ñ¹»É, ·á-
ݳí Ýëï»Éáõ ÏïñáÝ. ï»Õ³ÏïñáÝ: í³μ³Ý»É:
embarrass [im΄bærəs] v ß÷áûóÝ»É, ßí³- emblem [΄embləm] n ËáñÑñ¹³ÝÇß, ·»ñμ.
ñ»óÝ»É. be ~ed ß÷áÃí»É. (ݻջÉ, ¹Åí³ñ³ó- National E~ å»ï³Ï³Ý ËáñÑñ¹³ÝÇß:
Ý»É) be ~ed by debts å³ñïù»ñÇó Ý»Õí»É. emblematic(al) [‚embli΄mætik(l)] a
stop ~ed ß÷áÃí³Í/ßí³ñ³Í ϳݷ ³éÝ»É: ËáñÑñ¹³Ý߳ϳÝ, ëÇÙíáÉÇÏ:
embodiment 279 emit

embodiment [im΄bɒdimənt] n Ù³ñÙݳíá- ·áõÛÝ. a ½ÙñáõËïÛ³, ½ÙñáõËï³·áõÛÝ:


ñáõÙ. ÙdzíáñáõÙ, Ý»ñ³éáõÙ: emerge [i΄mə:dз] v ѳÛïÝí»É, »ñ¨³Ý ·³É.
embod/y [im΄bɒdi] v Ù³ñÙݳíáñ»É. Ý»ñ³é- ³é³ç³Ý³É. It ~d that ...ä³ñ½í»ó, áñ... What
Ý»É, Ùdzíáñ»É. The model ~ ies many new fea- has ~d from the talks? ƱÝã å³ñ½í»ó μ³Ý³Ï-
tures Øá¹»ÉÁ Ù³ñÙݳíáñáõÙ ¿ ß³ï Ýáñ óáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó (³ñ¹ÛáõÝùáõÙ):
ѳïÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: emergence [i΄mə:dзəns] n ѳÛïÝí»ÉÁ,
embog [im΄bɒg] v ׳ÑÇ×Ç Ù»ç Ëñí»É: »ñ¨³Ý ·³ÉÁ, çñÇ »ñ»ë ¹áõñë ·³ÉÁ:
embolden [im΄bəuldən] v Ëñ³Ëáõë»É, ù³- emergency [i΄mə:dзənsi] n ͳÛñ³Ñ»Õ ³Ý-
ç³É»ñ»É: Ññ³Å»ßïáõÃÛáõÝ/ ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ³Ý³ÏÝϳÉ
embosom [im΄buzəm] v ·ñÏ»É, ÏñÍùÇÝ ë»Õ- ¹»åù. íóñ. state of ~ ³ñï³Ï³ñ· íÇ׳Ï/
Ù»É: ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. in an/in case of ~ ͳÛñ³Ñ»Õ
embosomed [em΄buz(ə)md] a ßñç³å³ï- ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõÃÛ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ. ~ exit å³-
í³Í, ßñç³Ý³Ïí³Í: Ñ»ëïÇ »Éù. ~ measures ͳÛñ³Ñ»Õ/³ñï³-
emboss [im΄bɒs] v ¹ñí³·³ïå»É, μ³ñÓñ³- ϳñ· ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ. an ~ fund ³ÝÓ»éÝÙË»ÉÇ
ù³Ý¹³Ï»É: ýáݹ/ͳÛñ³Ñ»Õ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõÃÛ³Ý ¹»å-
embowel [im΄bauəl] v ÷áñáïÇùÁ ѳݻÉ, ùáõÙ an ~ landing, ³í. ѳñϳ¹ñí³Í í³Ûñ-
÷áñÁ Ù³ùñ»É: ¿çù. ~ ambulance ßï³å û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ boat
embrace [im΄breis] n ·ñϳ˳éÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ÷ñϳñ³ñ ݳí:
·ñÏáõÙ: emersion [i΄mə:∫n] n ѳÛïÝí»ÉÁ, çñÇ »ñ»ë
embrace [im΄breis] v ·ñÏ»É, ·ñϳ˳éÝí»É. ¹áõñë ·³ÉÁ:
Áݹ·ñÏ»É. ~ the child »ñ»Ë³ÛÇÝ ·ñÏ»É. emery [΄eməri] n ÑÕϳù³ñ, ½ÙéÝÇï. ~ paper
(³éÇÃÝ û·ï³·áñÍ»É) ~ an opportunity ³éÇ- ½ÙéÝÇï, ݳŹ³Ï:
ÃÇó û·ïí»É. ÁݹáõÝ»É (·³Õ³÷³ñÁ) ~ a the- emigrant [΄emigrənt] n, a íï³ñ³Ý¹Ç, ·³Õ-
ory/christianity ÁݹáõÝ»É ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ/ùñÇë- óϳÝ, í»ñ³μݳÏÇã:
ïáÝ»áõÃÛáõÝ: emigrate [΄emigreit] v ³ñï³·³ÕûÉ, ·³Õ-
embracery [im΄breisəri] n ¹³ï³ñ³ÝÇ/ ûóÝ»É:
»ñ¹íÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ íñ³ ×ÝßáõÙ ·áñͳ¹ñ»Éáõ emigration [‚emi΄grei∫n] n ·³ÕÃ, ³ñï³-
÷áñÓ: ·³ÕÃ. íï³ñ³Ý¹ÇáõÃÛáõÝ:
embrasure [im΄breiзə] n ×ñï. áñÙ³Ýóù eminence [΄eminəns] n μ³ñÓñáõÃÛáõÝ, μ³ñ-
(å³ïáõѳÝÇ/¹é³Ý ï»Õ). é½Ù. Ññ³Ïݳï: ÓáõÝù. of ~ Ý߳ݳíáñ/μ³ñÓñ ¹ÇñùÇ ï»ñ.
embrocation [‚embrə΄kei∫n] n Ñ»ÕáõÏ win/reach a position of ~ μ³ñÓñ ¹ÇñùÇ
ùëáõù: ѳëÝ»É. a scientist of great ~ ³Ï³Ý³-
embroider [im΄brɔidə] v ³ë»Õݳ·áñÍ»É, íáñ/Ý߳ݳíáñ ·ÇïݳϳÝ. Your ~ Ò»ñ¹
Ýϳñ³½³ñ¹»É. ~ a story ·áõݳ½³ñ¹»É ·»ñ³å³ïíáõÃÛáõÝ:
å³ïÙí³ÍùÁ: eminent [΄eminənt] a Ý߳ݳíáñ, ³Ï³Ý³-
embroidery [im΄brɔidəri] n ӻ鳷áñÍ, íáñ. μ³ñÓñ, íë»Ù, í»Ñ. an ~ doctor/talent
³ë»Õݳ·áñÍ. ³ë»Õݳ·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ. a piece ³Ï³Ý³íáñ μÅÇßÏ/ï³Õ³Ý¹:
of ~ ³ë»Õݳ·áñÍáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇ ûñÇݳÏ: eminently [΄eminəntli] adv í»ñÇÝ ³ëïÇ׳-
embroil [im΄brɔil] v ˳éÝ»É, ß÷áûÉ, ÝÇ. be ~ suitable í»ñÇÝ ³ëïÇ׳ÝÇ Ñ³ñÙ³ñ
Ïéí»óÝ»É. get ~ ed in quarrels ˳éÝí»É ÏéÇí- ÉÇÝ»É:
Ý»ñÇÝ/í»×»ñÇÝ: emissary [΄emisəri] n ·³ÕïÝÇ ·áñͳϳÉ,
embryo [΄embriəu] n, a ë³ÕÙ. ë³ÕÙݳÛÇÝ, ¿ÙÇë³ñ:
ë³ÕÙÇ (ݳ¨ ÷Ëμ. ). The project is in ~ Ìñ³- emission [i΄mi∫n] n ³ñÓ³ÏáõÙ, ï³ñ³ÍáõÙ.
·ÇñÁ ¹»é ë³ÕÙݳÛÇÝ íÇ׳ÏáõÙ ¿: ýÇÝ. ÃÕó¹ñ³ÙÇ ÃáÕ³ñÏáõÙ, ¿ÙÇëdz. ýǽ.
embryonic [‚embri΄ɒnik] a ë³ÕÙݳÛÇÝ: ¿É»ÏïñáÝÝ»ñÇ ×³é³·³ÛÃáõÙ, ³ñï³Ñáëù:
emend [i΄mend] v áõÕÕ»É(ï»ùëïÁ), áõÕÕáõÙ emissive [i΄misiv] a ³ñÓ³ÏáÕ, ׳鳷³Û-
ÙïóÝ»É: ÃáÕ. ³ñï³ÑáëáÕ:
emendation [‚i:men΄dei∫n] n áõÕÕáõÙ: emit [i΄mit] v ³ñӳϻÉ, ï³ñ³Í»É, ÃáÕ³ñ-
emerald [΄emrəld] n ½ÙñáõËï, ½ÙñáõËïÇ Ï»É. ~ rays / light ׳鳷³ÛÃÝ»ñ/ÉáõÛë ³ñÓ³-
e-modem 280 empt/y

Ï»É/ï³ñ³Í»É. ~ heat/a smell ç»ñÙáõÃÛáõÝ/ emplacement [im΄pleismənt] n ï»Õ³¹-


Ñáï ï³ñ³Í»É: ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ½»ï»ÕáõÙ, ¹Çñù:
e-modem [i: ΄məudem] n (external modem) employ [im΄plɔi] n ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ, ½μ³Õ-
ÑÙÏñ·. ³ñï³ùÇÝ Ùá¹»Ù: ÙáõÝù. be in the ~ of Ù»ÏÇ Ùáï ͳé³Û»É:
emolument [i΄mɒljumənt] n »Ï³Ùáõï, employ [im΄plɔi] v ·áñͳͻÉ, û·ï³·áñÍ»É,
í³ëï³Ï, í³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛáõÝ: ÏÇñ³é»É. ~oneself ½μ³Õí»É. ~ a new method
emotion [i΄məu∫n] n ½·³óÙáõÝù, ÑáõÛ½, Ýáñ Ù»Ãá¹ ÏÇñ³é»É. ~ one’s time ųٳݳÏÁ
Ñáõ½ÙáõÝù. with ~ ½·³óÙáõÝùáí. speak with ½μ³Õ»óÝ»É. (³ß˳ï³Ýù ï³É, ³ß˳ï»ó-
deep ~ ËáñÁ Ñáõ½ÙáõÝùáí Ëáë»É. show no ~ Ý»É) be ~ed by smb Ù»ÏÇ Ùáï ͳé³Û»É/³ß-
áã ÙÇ Ñáõ½ÙáõÝù óáõÛó ãï³É. give way to ~s ˳ï»É. How long have you been ~ed àñù³±Ý
½·³óÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇÝ ³½³ïáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É: Å³Ù³Ý³Ï »ù ³ß˳ïáõÙ. The factory ~s 200
emotional [i΄məu∫nəl] a Ñáõ½Çã, Ñáõ½íáÕ, men ¶áñͳñ³ÝáõÙ ½μ³Õí³Í ¿ 200 Ù³ñ¹:
¹Ûáõñ³ÑáõÛ½. Ñáõ½³Ï³Ý, ½·³óÙáõÝù³ÛÇÝ. employee [‚implɔi΄i:] n ͳé³ÛáÕ, ³ß˳-
an ~ speech Ñáõ½Çã/Ñáõ½áõÙݳÉÇó ׳é. an ~ ïáÕ. the body of ~s ѳëïÇù³ËáõÙμ, ³ÝÓ-
child ¹Ûáõñ³ÑáõÛ½ »ñ»Ë³. ~ breakdown ݳϳ½Ù. ѳëïÇù³ÛÇÝ ³ß˳ïáÕÝ»ñ. gov-
Ñá·»Ï³Ý Ë³Ý·³ñáõÙ: ernment ~ å»ï³Ï³Ý ͳé³ÛáÕ:
emotionality [i΄məu∫nəliti] n Ñáõ½í»Éáõ employer [im΄plɔiə] n í³ñÓáÕ, Ó»éݳñϳ-
μ³ñÓñ ϳñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, Ñáõ½³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ£ ï»ñ. ·áñͳïáõ:
emotionally [i΄məu∫nəli] adv Ñáõ½ÙáõÝùáí, employment [im΄plɔimənt] n ³ß˳ï³Ýù,
½·³óÙáõÝùáí. ~ unsuitable ½·³óÙáõÝù³ÛÇÝ Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ, ½μ³ÕÙáõÝù. agent/agency/bu-
³ÝϳÛáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ: reau ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ í³ñÓ»Éáõ ·áñͳϳÉ/
empathy [΄empəθi] n ϳñ»ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ. ѳ- ·áñͳϳÉáõÃÛáõÝ/μÛáõñá. full ~ ÉñÇí ½μ³Õ-
Ù³ÏñáõÃÛáõÝ. ù³ç³É»ñ³Ýù: í³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. gainful ~ ߳ѳí»ï ³ß˳-
emperor [΄empərə] n ϳÛëñ: ï³Ýù. be in ~ ³ß˳ï»É, ³ß˳ï³Ýù áõÝ»-
emphasis [΄emfəsis] n ß»ßï, ß»ßï³¹ñáõÙ. ݳÉ. ~ exchange ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ μáñë³. ~ fig-
³ñï³Ñ³Ûïã³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. áõÅ. É»½í. ïñ³- ures ½μ³Õí³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý íÇ׳ϳ·ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
Ù³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý ß»ßï, Ñáõ½³Ï³Ý ³ñï³- empoison [im΄pɔizən] v Ãáõݳíáñ»É:
ѳÛïã³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ÝÏñã. áõñí³·Í»ñÇ emporium [em΄pɔ:riəm] n ѳÝñ³Ë³ÝáõÃ:
ó³ÛïáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ. place great ~ on ß»ßï»É, ѳ- empower [im΄pauə] v Édz½áñ»É. ³ñïáÝ»É.
ïáõÏ Ý߳ݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É. special ~ ѳïáõÏ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ/Çñ³íáõÝù ï³É. be ~ed to
áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ: Édz½áñáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ:
emphasize [΄emfəsaiz] v ß»ßï»É. Áݹ·Í»É. ~ empress [΄emprəs] n ϳÛëñáõÑÇ:
the dangers íï³Ý·Ý»ñÁ ß»ßï»É. ~ the first emptiness [΄emptinəs] n ¹³ï³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
word ïñ³Ý³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý ß»ßïÁ ¹Ý»É ³é³- empty [΄empti] a ¹³ï³ñÏ, ³Ýμáí³Ý¹³Ï.
çÇÝ μ³éÇ íñ³: an ~ box/house ¹³ï³ñÏ ³ñÏÕ/ß»Ýù. ~ pro-
emphatic [im΄fætik] a ß»ßïí³Í, ³ñï³Ñ³Û- mises ¹³ï³ñÏ ËáëïáõÙÝ»ñ. ~ stomach
ïÇã. ѳïáõÏ. with an ~ gesture ³ñï³Ñ³Û- ù³Õó³Í (¹³ï³ñÏ ëï³Ùáùë). words of ~
ïÇã ß³ñÅáõÙáí. ~ opinion ѳëï³ïáõÝ Ñ³- meaning ¹³ï³ñÏ/³ÝÇÙ³ëï μ³é»ñ. ÑÙÏñ·.
Ùá½ÙáõÝù: ~ loop ¹³ï³ñÏ óÇÏÉ. ~ rule ¹³ï³ñÏ Ï³-
emphatically [im΄fætik(ə)li] adv Ïïñ³Ï³- ÝáÝ. ~ set ¹³ï³ñÏ μ³½ÙáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ string
ݳå»ë, ÏïñáõÏ£ ¹³ï³ñÏ ïáÕ. ~ value ýÇÏïÇí/Ï»ÕÍ
empire [΄empaiə] n, a ϳÛëñáõÃÛáõÝ. ϳÛë- ³ñÅ»ù:
ñáõÃÛ³Ý, ϳÛë»ñ³Ï³Ý: empt/y [΄empti] n ¹³ï³ñÏ ³ñÏÕ/å³ñÏ. pl.
Empire [΄empaiə] n, a ³ÙåÇñ á×. ³ÙåÇñÇ, ~ ies ¹³ï³ñÏ ³Ù³Ý»Õ»Ý (ßß»ñ, μ³Ýϳ ¨
³ÙåÇñ á×áí: ³ÛÉÝ). ~ to be returned ¹³ï³ñÏ ßß»ñÁ (¨
empirical [im΄pirikl] a ÷áñÓáí ѳëï³ï- ³ÛÉÝ) í»ñ³¹³ñÓÝ»É:
í³Í. ÷áñÓ³ÛÇÝ. ~ knowledge ·áñÍݳ- empt/y [΄empti] v ¹³ï³ñÏ»É, ó÷»É, ¹áõñë
ϳÝ/÷áñÓÇ íñ³ ÑÇÙÝí³Í ·Çï»ÉÇùÝ»ñ: (ÉóÝ»É) ~ a glass μ³Å³ÏÁ ¹³ï³ñÏ»É. water/
empiricist [im΄pirisist] n ÷áñÓ³å³ßï: wine out of a bottle ·ÇÝÇÝ/çáõñÁ ßßÇó ÉóÝ»É. ~
empty-handed 281 encouragement

the contents of the pockets ·ñå³ÝÝ»ñÁ ¹³- enchant [in΄t∫a:nt] v ¹ÛáõûÉ, ÑÙ³Û»É, ϳ-
ï³ñÏ»É. (¹³ï³ñÏí»É). The hall ~ied after the ˳ñ¹»É, ÑdzóÝ»É. be ~ed with the bucket
concert ѳٻñ·Çó Ñ»ïá ¹³ÑÉÇ×Á ¹³- ͳÕÏ»÷Ýçáí ÑdzݳÉ/ÑÙ³Ûí»É:
ï³ñÏí»ó. The streets ~ied during the rain enchanting [en΄t∫a:ntiŋ] a ÑÙ³ÛÇã, Ñdzë-
²ÝÓñ¨Ç ÁÝóùáõÙ ÷áÕáóÝ»ñÁ ¹³ï³ñÏ- ù³Ýã:
í»óÇÝ: enchantment [in΄t∫a:ntmənt] n ¹ÛáõóÝù,
empty-handed [‚empti΄hændid] a ¹³ï³ñ- ϳ˳ñ¹³Ýù, ÑÙ³Ûù:
ϳӻéÝ. go ~ ¹³ï³ñϳӻéÝ ·Ý³É: enchantress [in΄t∫a:ntrəs] n ϳ˳ñ¹ ÏÇÝ
empty-headed [‚empti΄hedid] a ¹³ï³ñ- ÑÙ³ÛÇã/ÃáíÇã/Ññ³åáõñÇã ÏÇÝ:
ϳ·ÉáõË, ï·»ï. an ~ person ¹³ï³ñÏ encircle [in΄sə:kl] v ßñç³å³ï»É, ßñç³÷³-
Ù³ñ¹: Ï»É, ûճϻÉ. be ~d by the enemy ÃßݳÙáõ
emulate [΄emjuleit] v Ùñó³Ïó»É, Ùñó³ÏÇó/ ÏáÕÙÇó ßñç³÷³Ïí³Í ÉÇÝ»É:
³ËáÛ³Ý Ñ³Ý¹Çë³Ý³É: encirclement [in΄sə:klmənt] n ¹ÛáõóÝù,
emulation [‚emju΄lei∫n] n ÙñóáõÙ, Ùñóáõ- ϳ˳ñ¹³Ýù, ÑÙ³Ûù:
ÃÛáõÝ, Ùñó³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ. spirit of ~ Ùñó³Ïóáõ- encircling [in΄sə:kliŋ] n, a ßñç³å³ï»ÉÁ,
ÃÛ³Ý á·Ç: ßñç³å³ïáõÙ. ßñç³å³ïáÕ. an ~ movement
emulous [΄emjuləs] a ÙñóáÕ, Ùñó³ÏÇó. ï»Ý- ßñç³ÝóáõÙ:
ã³óáÕ, ͳñ³íÇ: enclasp [in΄kla:sp] v ·ñÏ»É:
emulsion [i΄mΛl∫n] n ¿ÙáõÉëdz, ÏÇÃ: enclose [in΄kləuz] v ó³Ýϳå³ï»É, ßñç³Ý³-
enable [i΄neibl] v Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ/Çñ³- Ï»É. ~ a garden ³Û·ÇÝ ó³Ýϳå³ï»É. (Ïó»É,
íáõÝù ï³É. áõÝ³Ï ¹³ñÓÝ»É. Édz½áñ»É. The Ý»ñ÷³Ï»É) Enclosed are the documents ÎÇó
money ~d him to... öáÕÁ Ýñ³Ý Ñݳñ³íáñáõ- áõÕ³ñÏíáõÙ »Ý/Ý»ñϳ۳óíáõÙ »Ý ÷³ëï³-
ÃÛáõÝ ïí»ó... ~ing act Çñ³í. ³ñïáÝáÕ ÃÕûñÁ:
ûñ»Ýù: enclosed [in΄kləuzd] a ÷³Ï. ßñç³÷³Ïí³Í.
enact [i΄nækt] v ѳëï³ï»É, ë³ÑٳݻÉ, å³ñëå³å³ï, ó³Ýϳå³ïí³Í. The house
áñáß»É. Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É. ï»ÕÇ áõݻݳÉ. ~ a is ~ by Þ»ÝùÁ ßñç³÷³Ïí³Í ¿:
law Çñ³í. ûñ»Ýù ë³ÑٳݻÉ/ÁݹáõÝ»É. the enclosure [in΄kləuзə] n å³ñÇëå, ó³Ýϳ-
place where... was ~ed í³ÛñÁ, áñï»Õ ϳ- å³ï. Ý»ñ¹Çñ, ѳí»Éí³Í (Íñ³ñÇ Ù»ç):
ï³ñí»É ¿ñ. It was ~ed that... àñáßí»ó, áñ..: encode [in΄kəud] v ͳÍϳ·ñ»É. ÑÙÏñ·. ~d
enactment [i΄næktmənt] n ûñ»Ýë¹ñ³Ï³Ý, data Ïá¹³íáñí³Í ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ:
ÝáñÙ³ïÇí ³Ïï. ûñÇݳϳݳóáõÙ. ~ of a encoder [in΄kəudə] n Ïá¹³íáñáÕ ë³ñù£
law ûñ»ÝùÇ ÁݹáõÝáõÙ, ѳëï³ïáõÙ: encoding [in΄kəudiŋ] n Ïá¹³íáñáõÙ:
enamel [i΄næml] 1. n ¿Ù³É, ³ñÍݳå³ÏÇ. ~ encompass [in΄kΛmpəs] v å³ñáõݳϻÉ,
on teeth ³ï³ÙÇ ¿Ù³É. ~ ware ¿Ù³É» ³Ù³- å³ñ÷³Ï»É, ßñç³å³ï»É:
ݻջÝ. 2. v ¿Ù³É³å³ï»É, ͳÍÏ»É, ½³ñ- encore [ɒŋ΄kɔ:] n μÇë. ÏñÏݳϳÝã. give/play
¹³ñ»É ~ed brooches ¿Ù³É» μñáß(ϳ): an ~ ÏñÏÝ»É Ï³ï³ñáõÙÁ. The singer gave
enamour [i΄næmə] v ëÇñ³Ñ³ñí»É: three ~s ºñ·ÇãÁ »ñ»ù ³Ý·³Ù ÏñÏÝ»ó »ñ·Á:
encage [in΄keidз] v í³Ý¹³Ï»É, í³Ý¹³ÏÇ encounter [in΄kauntə] n (³Ýëå³ë»ÉÇ) ѳÝ-
Ù»ç ¹Ý»É: ¹ÇåáõÙ. é½Ù. ÁݹѳñáõÙ, μ³ËáõÙ:
encamp [in΄kæmp] v ׳Ùμ³ñ/μ³Ý³Ï ¹Ý»É. encounter [in΄kauntə] v ѳݹÇå»É, Áݹ-
ï»Õ³íáñí»É ׳Ùμ³ñáõÙ: ѳñí»É. ~ a friend/resistance/difficulty ÁÝÏ»-
encampment [in΄kæmpmənt] n ׳Ùμ³ñ, ñá çÁ/¹ÇÙ³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý/¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝ Ý»ñÇ
μ³Ý³Ï³ï»Õ: ѳݹÇå»É:
encase [in΄keis] v ³ñÏÕÇ Ù»ç ¹Ý»É. å³ï»É, encourage [in΄kΛridз] v Ëñ³Ëáõë»É, ù³-
ßñç³å³ï»É. ~d in armour ½ñ³Ñ³å³ïí³Í: ç³É»ñ»É, ³ç³Ïó»É. be ~d by success ѳçá-
encasement [in΄keismənt] n å³ïÛ³Ý, ÕáõÃÛáõÝÇó Ëñ³Ëáõëí»É. Don’t ~ bad habits
ïáõ÷: ØÇ Ëñ³Ëáõë»ù í³ï ëáíáñáõÛÃÝ»ñÁ:
enchain [in΄t∫ein] v ßÕóۻÉ, ϳå»É. ÷Ëμ. encouragement [in΄kΛridзmənt] n Ëñ³-
áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ·ñ³í»É/ϳßϳݹ»É: ËáõÛë, ù³ç³É»ñ³Ýù, ѳí³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. cries of
encouraging 282 endlong

~ ѳí³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý/ù³ç³É»ñ³ÝùÇ Ï³Ýã»ñ/ view ³Ûë Ýå³ï³Ïáí. to what ~? ƱÝã Ýå³-


Ó³ÛÝ»ñ: ï³Ïáí, ÇÝãDZ ѳٳñ. in the ~ í»ñçÇ í»ñçá.
encouraging [in΄kΛridзiŋ] a ù³ç³É»ñ³Ï³Ý, draw to its ~ Ùáï»Ý³É í»ñçÇÝ, í³Ë׳ÝÇÝ.
ѳí³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý. an ~ reply Ëñ³Ëáõë³- put an ~ í»ñç ï³É/¹Ý»É. without ~ ³Ýí»ñç,
ϳÝ/ѳí³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ·ïÝáÕ å³ï³ë˳Ý. not ³ÝÁݹѳï. the ~s of the earth ³ß˳ñÑÇ
~ results áã Ñáõë³ÉÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñ. an ~ report ͳÛñÁ. at the /the other ~ of the world ³ß˳ñ-
Ñáõë³ÉÇ/Ëñ³ËáõëÇã Éáõñ/ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝ: ÑÇ ÙÛáõë ͳÛñáõÙ. His hair stood on ~ س½»ñÁ
encroach [in΄krəut∫] v Ý»ñËáõÅ»É, áïÝÓ·áõ- μǽ-μǽ ϳݷݻóÇÝ. be at a loose ~ å³-
ÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É. ~ upon smb’s time ÷Ëμ. ųٳ- ñ³å/³Ý·áñÍ ÉÇÝ»É. at one’s wits ~ ßí³ñ³Í,
ݳÏÁ ËÉ»É. ~ on smb/s rights áïÝÓ·áõÃÛáõÝ ß÷áÃí³Í. on ~ ³ÝÁݹѳï, ß³ñáõݳÏ. keep
³Ý»É Ù»ÏÇ Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ. The one’s ~ up ãÁÝÏ×í»É, ãѳÝÓÝí»É. never hear
sea is ~ing upon the land ÌáíÁ ËáõÅáõÙ ¿ the ~ of the story ·áñÍÇ/ å³ïÙáõÃÛ³Ý í»ñçÁ
ó³Ù³ùÇ íñ³: ã»ñ¨³É. think no ~ of oneself ËëÏó. Çñ»Ý Ù³-
encumbent [in΄kΛmbənt] n (Ù»ÏÇ íñ³) ëÇÝ μ³ñÓñ ϳñÍÇùÇ ÉÇÝ»É. There were no ~
¹ñí³Í/ÁÝÏ³Í å³ñï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: of high-ups there Þ³ï Ý߳ݳíáñ/μ³ñÓñ³ë-
encumber [in΄kΛmbə] v ˳ݷ³ñ»É, ³ñ·»- ïÇ×³Ý Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ Ï³ÛÇÝ ³ÛÝï»Õ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~
ɳϻÉ, ͳÝñ³μ»éÝ»É. The room was ~ed with address í»ñçÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ëó». ~ of file ý³ÛÉÇ
furniture ê»ÝÛ³ÏÁ ͳÝñ³μ»éÝí³Í ¿ñ ϳ- í»ñçÁ. ~ user ѳٳϳñ·ã³ÛÇÝ Íñ³·ñ»ñ
ÑáõÛùáí. ~ed with debts å³ñïù»ñáí ͳÝ- û·ï³·áñÍáÕ:
ñ³μ»éÝí³Í. be ~ed by heavy suitcase ͳÝñ end [end] v í»ñç³Ý³É, í»ñç³óÝ»É. ~ a meet-
׳ÙåñáõÏÇ ï³Ï Ïù³Í: ing ÅáÕáíÁ ÷³Ï»É. ~ one’s days in hospital
encumbrance [in΄kΛmbrəns] n ³ñ·»Éù, ÏÛ³ÝùÁ/ûñ»ñÁ ÑÇí³Ý¹³ÝáóáõÙ ³í³ñï»É.
ËáãÁݹáï. ͳÝñ³μ»éÝáõÙ, μ»é: Term ~ed last week ÎÇë³ÙÛ³ÏÝ ³í³ñïí»ó
encyclop(a)edia [in‚saiklə΄pi:diə] n ѳÝ- ³Ýó³Í ß³μ³Ã. The game ~ed in a draw
ñ³·Çï³ñ³Ý. a walking ~ ÷Ëμ. ù³ÛÉáÕ Ê³ÕÁ áã-áùÇ ³í³ñïí»ó. ~ up by quarrelling
ѳÝñ³·Çï³ñ³Ý: Ïéíáí ³í³ñïí»É. ~ in smoke ³å³ñ¹ÛáõÝ
end [end] n í»ñç, í³Ë׳Ý. ³í³ñï, Ñ»- ÉÇÝ»É:
勉Ýù. the ~ of the story å³ïÙáõÃÛ³Ý í»ñ- endanger [in΄deindзə] v íï³Ý·Ç »ÝóñÏ»É.
çÁ. ~ to ~ ͳÛñÁ ͳÛñÇÝ. from ~ to ~ ͳÛñÇó ëå³éݳÉ:
ͳÛñ. at both ~s »ñÏáõ ͳÛñ»ñáõÙ. at the ~ endear [in΄diə] v ë»ñ Ý»ñßÝã»É, ëÇñ»É ï³É.
í»ñçáõÙ. the ~ house í»ñçÇÝ ß»ÝùÁ. ~ on She ~ed herself to all by her goodness ܳ μá-
ͳÛñÝ Çñ ÏáÕÙÁ. be at/come to an ~ í³Ë׳- ÉáñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ëÇñ»ÉÇ ¿ñ Çñ μ³ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ:
ÝÇ Ñ³ëÝ»É, í»ñç³Ý³É. ~ product í»ñçݳ- endearment [in΄diəmənt] n ë»ñ, ÷³Õ³ù-
Ï³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝù. ~ user í»ñçÝ³Ï³Ý ëå³éáÕ/ ß³Ýù, ·áõñ·áõñ³Ýù terms of ~ ÷³Õ³ùß³-
û·ï³·áñÍáÕ. put an/make an ~ to/of í»ñç ϳÝ/·áõñ·áõñ³ÝùÇ μ³é»ñ:
ï³É. to the bitter ~ ÙÇÝ㨠í»ñç. be near one’s endeavo(u)r [in΄devə] n ç³Ýù, ×Ç·. ݳ˳-
~ ٳѳٻñÓ ÉÇÝ»É. be at the ~ of one’s tether Ó»éÝáõÃÛáõÝ. make every ~ ³Ù»Ý ç³Ýù/×Ç·
ëå³é»É áõÅ»ñÁ/ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÁ, ͳÛñ³Ñ»Õ íÇ- ·áñÍ ¹Ý»É:
׳ÏÇ Ñ³ëÝ»É. make both ~s meet ͳÛñÁ ͳÛ- endeavour [in΄devə] v ç³Ýù ó÷»É, ç³Ý³É.
ñÇÝ Ñ³ëóÝ»É. begin at the wrong ~ ëË³É Í³Û- ³ß˳ï»É, ÷áñÓ»É:
ñÇó/ÏáÕÙÇó ëÏë»É. come to a bad ~ í³ï í»ñ- ending [΄endiŋ] n í»ñç. ù»ñ. í»ñç³íáñáõ-
ç³Ý³É. untimely ~ ³ÝÅ³Ù³Ý³Ï í³Ë׳Ý. ÃÛáõÝ. a story with a happy ~ »ñç³ÝÇÏ ³-
This will be the ~ of me ¸³ ÇÝÓ í»ñç Ïï³/ÇÙ í³ñï áõÝ»óáÕ å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ:
í»ñçÁ ÏÉÇÝÇ. change ~s ÏáÕÙ»ñÁ ÷áË»É. endless [΄endləs] a ³Ýí»ñç, ³Ýë³ÑÙ³Ý. ~ ar-
(Ùݳóáñ¹, Ïïáñ) candle ~ í³éí³Í ÙáÙÇ guments ³Ýí»ñç í»×»ñ. ~ patience ³Ýë³Ñ-
Ùݳóáñ¹. odds and ~s Ùݳóáñ¹Ý»ñ. ~s of Ù³Ý Ñ³Ùμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ stream of people
bread/sausage ѳóÇ/»ñßÇÏÇ ÏïáñÝ»ñ/ Ùݳ- Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó ³Ýí»ñç Ñáëù:
óáñ¹Ý»ñ. The ~ justifies the means Üå³ï³ÏÁ endlong [΄endlɒŋ] adv »ñϳñáõÃÛ³Ùμ ϳݷ-
³ñ¹³ñ³óÝáõÙ ¿ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÁ. gain one’s ~ ݳÍ. ¹Çù:
Ýå³ï³ÏÇÝ Ñ³ëÝ»É. with this/to this ~ in endmost [΄end‚məust] a ³Ù»Ý³Ñ»é³íáñ:
endmost 283 engage

endorse [in΄dɔ:s] v ѳëï³ï»É. ÷á˳Ýó»É. defeat/beat/destroy the ~ ÃßݳÙáõÝ Ñ³Õ-


ٳϳ·ñ»É. I ~ all you say гëï³ïáõÙ »Ù ûÉ/ç³ñ¹»É/áãÝã³óÝ»É:
Ó»ñ ³ë³ÍÁ. (ëïáñ³·ñ»É, ÷á˳ÝóÙ³Ý enemy [΄enəmi] a ÃßݳٳϳÝ, ѳϳé³-
ٳϳ·ñáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É) ~ a cheque/a document Ïáñ¹Ç. ~ forces/aircraft ÃßÝ³Ù³Ï³Ý áõÅ»ñ/
ã»Ï/÷³ëï³ÃáõÕà ëïáñ³·ñ»É. have one’s ³ídzódz. the ~’s lines ѳϳé³Ïáñ¹Ç
driving licence ~d í³ñáñ¹³Ï³Ý Çñ³íáõÝùÁ ·ÇÍÁ:
ͳϻÉ: energetic [‚enə΄dзetik] a »é³Ý¹áõÝ:
endorsement [in΄dɔ:smənt] n ýÇÝ., Çñ³í. energetics [‚enə΄dзetiks] n pl ¿Ý»ñ·»ïÇϳ:
÷á˳Ýó³·Çñ. ѳëï³ïáõÙ. ѳí³Ýáõ- energ/y [΄enədзi] n »é³Ý¹, Ïáñáí áõÅ. ¿Ý»ñ-
ÃÛáõÝ: ·Ç³. atomic/solar/latent ~ ³ïáÙ³ÛÇÝ/³ñ»-
endow [in΄dau] v ³å³Ñáí»É Ùßï³Ï³Ý ·³ÏݳÛÇÝ/óùÝí³Í ¿Ý»ñ·Ç³. use of nu-
»Ï³Ùáõïáí. ~ a hospital (Ù»Í) ·áõÙ³ñÝ»ñ clear ~ ÙÇçáõϳÛÇÝ ¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ ÏÇñ³-
ïñ³Ù³¹ñ»É ÑÇí³Ý¹³ÝáóÇÝ. (ûÅï»É, å³ñ- éáõÙ/û·ï³·áñÍáõÙ. be full of ~ »é³Ý¹áí
·¨»É) ~ed with ûÅïí³Í. be ~ed with great tal- É»óáõÝ ÉÇÝ»É. devote all the ~ies ³ÙμáÕç
ents Ù»Í áõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí ûÅïí³Í ÉÇÝ»É: áõÅ»ñÁ ï³É/ïñ³Ù³¹ñ»É:
endowment [in΄daumənt] n Ýí»ñ, ÝíÇñ³- enervate [i΄nə:vət] a ÃáõÛÉ, ³ÝáõÅ£
μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ÓÇñù, ßÝáñÑù, ÁݹáõݳÏáõ- enervate [΄enə‚veit] v ÃáõɳóÝ»É, áõųëå³é
ÃÛáõÝ. mental ~s Ùï³íáñ ϳñáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. ³Ý»É:
~ insurence ˳éÁ ³å³Ñáí³·ñáõÙ. ~ with enervating [΄enə‚veitiŋ] a ÃáõɳóÝáÕ, áõų-
information ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Õáñ¹áõÙ: ëå³é ³ÝáÕ. an ~ day ßá·/Ñ»ÕÓáõóÇã ûñ. an
end product [΄end‚prɒdΛkt] n å³ïñ³ëïÇ ~ climate ÃáõɳóÝáÕ/áõųëå³é ³ÝáÕ ÏÉÇ-
³ñï³¹ñ³Ýù: Ù³:
endue [in΄dju:] v ûÅï»É, ßÝáñÑ»É. ½·»ëï³- enervation [‚enə΄vei∫n] n çɳïáõÙ, áõų-
íáñ»É. ~d with ûÅïí³Í: ëå³éáõÙ:
end-up [΄end΄Λp] a Ï׳ï: enfeeble [in΄fi:bl] v ÃáõɳóÝ»É, ïϳñ³óÝ»É.
endurance [in΄djuərəns] n ïáÏáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ, be ~d by long illness »ñϳñ ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛ³Ý
¹ÇÙ³óÏáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ. 勉ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ. have ѻ勉Ýùáí ÃáõɳݳÉ:
great power of ~ ß³ï ¹ÇÙ³óÏáõÝ ÉÇÝ»É. come enfold [in΄fəuld] v ÷³Ã³Ã»É, Íñ³ñ»É. ~ a
to an end of ~ ïáÏáõÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ/ѳÙμ»ñáõ- child in a blanket »ñ»Ë³ÛÇÝ í»ñÙ³Ïáí ÷³-
ÃÛáõÝÁ ѳï»É. ³Ûɨë ã¹ÇٳݳÉ. beyond ~ óûÉ:
³Ýï³Ý»ÉÇ: enforce [in΄fɔ:s] v ѳñϳ¹ñ»É, ëïÇå»É.
endure [in΄djuə] v ѳÙμ»ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ ï³Ý»É, í½ÇÝ ÷³Ã³Ã»É. ~ obedience Ñݳ½³Ý¹áõ-
ïáϳÉ. ѳݹáõñÅ»É. ~ pain ó³íÁ ѳݹáõñ- ÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ñϳ¹ñ»É. ~ silence ëïÇå»É Éé»É. ~
Å»É/ï³Ý»É. I can’t ~ him ºë Ýñ³Ý ï³Ý»É ã»Ù prices ·Ý»ñ å³ñï³¹ñ»É. Çñ³í. ÏÇñ³é»É ~
ϳñáÕ. He couldn’t ~ it any longer ܳ ³Ûɨë a law ѳñϳ¹ñ»É ûñ»ÝùÁ ÏÇñ³é»É:
ã¿ñ ϳñáÕ ¹³ ѳݹáõñÅ»É. (ëå³ë»É, 層É) enforcement [in΄fɔ:smənt] n ѳñϳ¹ñ³Ýù,
Can you ~ a little longer γñá±Õ »ù ÙÇ ÷áùñ ÏÇñ³ñÏáõÙ, ×ÝßáõÙ. ~ of rights Çñ³íáõÝù-
¿É ѳÙμ»ñ»É/ëå³ë»É. His fame will ~ for ever Ý»ñÇ Ñ³ñϳ¹Çñ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óáõÙ. ~ of judge-
Üñ³ ÷³éùÁ ÏÙݳ ÁݹÙÇßï. as long as life ment ¹³ï³í×éÇ Ï³ï³ñáõÙ:
~s ù³ÝÇ ¹»é Ù³ñ¹ ϻݹ³ÝÇ ¿: enframe [in΄freim] v ßñç³Ý³ÏÇ Ù»ç ³éÝ»É:
enduring [in΄djuəriŋ] a ³Ùáõñ, ѳëï³- enfranchise [in΄frænt∫aiz] v ÁÝïñ³Ï³Ý
ïáõÝ. an ~ peace ѳëï³ïáõÝ Ë³Õ³Õáõ- Çñ³íáõÝù ï³É. ³½³ï»É, ³½³ï³·ñ»É. ÙÇ
ÃÛáõÝ. ~ friendship ³Ùáõñ/»ñϳñ³ï¨ ÁÝÏ»- μ³Ýáí ½μ³Õí»É:
ñáõÃÛáõÝ: engage [in΄geidз] v ݳËûñáù å³ïíÇñ»É.
endways [΄endweiz] adv ͳÛñÁ ¹»åÇ ³é³ç: å³ñï³íáñ»óÝ»É. ~ a guide áõÕ»Ïóáñ¹/¿ùë-
enema [΄enəmə] n Ñá·Ý³£ Ïáõñë³í³ñ å³ïíÇñ»É/í³ñÓ»É. ~ rooms in
enemy [΄enəmi] n ÃßݳÙÇ, ѳϳé³Ïáñ¹. a hotel ÑÛáõñ³ÝáóáõÙ ë»ÝÛ³ÏÝ»ñ å³ï-
worst/deadly/bitter ~³Ù»Ý³í³ï/ٳѳóáõ/á- íÇñ»É. ~ a table in a restaurant é»ëïáñ³ÝáõÙ
Ë»ñÇÙ ÃßݳÙÇ. sworn ~ »ñ¹íÛ³É ÃßݳÙÇ. ë»Õ³Ý å³ïíÇñ»É. (·ñ³í»É, ½μ³Õ»óÝ»É) ~
engaged 284 enjoin

smb’s attention áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ·ñ³í»É. ¿É»Ïïñ³ï»ËÝÇϳ. radio ~ é³¹Çáï»ËÝÇ-


(å³ñï³íáñ»óÝ»É) ~ to do smth å³ñï³- ϳ. ~ sciences ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý ·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ-
íáñí»É ÇÝã-áñ μ³Ý ³Ý»É. (Ý߳ݻÉ) be ~d Ý»ñ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ data ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ.
Ýß³Ýí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. (½μ³Õí»É) be ~d in work/re- ~ development ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý Ùß³ÏáõÙ. ~
search ½μ³Õí³Í ÉÇÝ»É ³ß˳ï³Ýùáí/Ñ»- software ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ³ÛÇÝ ³-
ï³½áïáõÃÛ³Ùμ. be ~d in a plot ¹³í³¹ñáõ- å³ÑáíáõÙ:
ÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëݳÏÇó ÉÇÝ»É. ~ the enemy/the battle engine-house [΄endзinhaus] n ßá·»ù³ñß³-
Ù³ñï ëÏë»É. ~ first gear (³íïá) ³é³çÇÝ ÛÇÝ ¹»åá:
³ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝÁ ÙdzóÝ»É: engine-plant [΄endзinpla:nt] n ßá·»ù³ñß³-
engaged [in΄geidзd] a ½μ³Õí³Í. the seat is ~ ßÇÝ³Ï³Ý ·áñͳñ³Ý.
²Ûë ï»ÕÁ ½μ³Õí³Í ¿. The number is ~ Ñ»é. engine-room [΄endзinru:m] n Ù»ù»Ý³Ý»ñÇ
гٳñÁ ½μ³Õí³Í ¿. be ~ in conversation μ³Å³ÝÙáõÝù:
Ëáë³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ùμ ½μ³Õí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. (Ýß³Ý- English [΄iŋgli∫]1. n ³Ý·É»ñ»Ý. the ~ ³Ý·-
í³Í) They are ~ Üñ³Ýù Ýß³Ýí³Í »Ý. He is ~ ÉdzóÇÝ»ñÁ. in plain ~ ßÇï³Ï, ³é³Ýó ³Ï-
to her ܳ å³ïñ³ëïíáõÙ ¿ ³ÙáõëݳݳÉ: ݳñÏÝ»ñÇ. 2. a ³Ý·ÉdzϳÝ:
engagement [in΄geidзmənt] n å³ñï³Ï³- Englishman [΄iŋgli∫mən] n ³Ý·ÉdzóÇ:
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ½μ³ÕÙáõÝù, ·áñÍ. Çñ³í. å³ñ- Englishwoman [΄iŋgli∫‚wumən] n ³Ý·Éáõ-
ï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. é½Ù. Ù³ñï, ÏéÇí. meet/fulfil ÑÇ:
one’s ~ å³ñï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ϳï³ñ»É. engrain [in΄grein] v Ù³Ýí³ÍùÁ Ý»ñÏ»É.
(Ý߳ݳ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ) They announced their ~ ÷Ëμ. ³ñÙ³ï³óÝ»É:
Üñ³Ýù ѳÛï³ñ³ñ»óÇÝ Çñ»Ýó Ý߳ݳ¹ñáõ- engrained [in΄greind] a ³ñÙ³ï³ó³Í:
ÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇÝ. ~ ring Ýß³ÝÇ Ù³ï³ÝÇ. (ѳÝ- engrave [in΄greiv] v ÷áñ³·ñ»É, ù³Ý¹³Ï»É,
¹ÇåáõÙ) I have a lot of ~s this week ²Ûë ß³- ¹ñáßÙ»É. ÷Ëμ. Ëáñ³å»ë ïå³íáñí»É. His
μ³Ã »ë ß³ï ѳݹÇåáõÙÝ»ñ/·áñÍ»ñ áõÝ»Ù. words are ~d on my memory Üñ³ μ³é»ñÁ
have a previous ~ ݳËÝ³Ï³Ý å³Ûٳݳíáñ- ¹ñáßÙí»É »Ý ÇÙ ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç:
í³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ. have no ~s ³½³ï engraving [in΄greiviŋ] n ÷áñ³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ,
ÉÇÝ»É, å³Ûٳݳíáñí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ ãáõݻݳÉ: ù³Ý¹³Ï. ù³Ý¹³ÏáõÙ. ÷áñ³·ñ³Ýϳñ:
engaging [in΄geidзiŋ] a ·ñ³íÇã, Ññ³åáõñÇã, engross [in΄grəus] v ·ñ³í»É, ½μ³Õ»óÝ»É.
áõß³·ñ³í: ~ed Ëáñ³ëáõ½í³Í. ÏɳÝí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. be
engender [in΄dзendə] v ÍÝáõݹ ï³É, ÍÝ»É. deeply ~ed in a book ÏɳÝí»É ÁÝûñ-
³é³ç³óÝ»É, ѳñáõó»É: ó³ÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ. be ~ed in watching the game
engine [΄endзin] n (ßá·»)Ù»ù»Ý³. ß³ñÅÇã ˳ÕÁ ÏɳÝí³Í ¹Çï»É:
(³íïá). steam ~ »ñÏÃ. ßá·»ù³ñß. diesel ~ engrossing [in΄grəusiŋ] a ÏɳÝáÕ, ³Ù»Ý³-
ç»ñÙ³ù³ñß, ÉáÏáÙáïÇí. combustion/explo- ÏáõÉ, ѳ÷ßï³ÏÇã:
sion ~ Ý»ñùÇÝ ³ÛñÙ³Ý ß³ñÅÇã. facing the ~ engulf [in΄gΛlf] v ÏɳݻÉ, ÏáõÉ ï³É. ×Ýß»É
·Ý³óùÇ ß³ñÅÙ³Ý áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ. with one’s ¹ÇÙ³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ. The boat was ~ed by the
back to the ~ ·Ý³óùÇ ß³ñÅÙ³Ý Ñ³Ï³é³Ï waves ²ÉÇùÝ»ñÁ ÏɳݻóÇÝ Ý³í³ÏÁ:
áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ. ~ crew ßá·»ù³ñß³ÛÇÝ μñÇ- enhance [in΄ha:ns] v ٻͳóÝ»É, μ³ñÓñ³ó-
·³¹/³ß˳ï³ËáõÙμ. ~ driver Ù»ù»Ý³í³ñ: Ý»É, áõŻճóÝ»É. The value of the artifact is
engineer [‚endзi΄niə] 1. n ÇÝŻݻñ, ٻ˳- ~d ²ñí»ëïÇ ·áñÍÇ ³ñÅ»ùÁ μ³ñÓñ³ÝáõÙ ¿:
ÝÇÏ, ׳ñï³ñ³·»ï. civil ~ ÇÝŻݻñ ßÇݳ- enigma [i΄nigmə] n ѳݻÉáõÏ, ³é»ÕÍí³Í. It
ñ³ñ. é½Ù. ë³Ïñ³íáñ. 2. a ÇÝŻݻñ³Ï³Ý: remain an ~ ¸³ ÙÝ³ó ·³ÕïÝÇù:
engineer [‚endзi΄niə] v áñå»ë ÇÝŻݻñ ³ß- enigmatic(al) [‚enig΄mætik(l)] a ѳݻÉáõ-
˳ï»É. ݳ˳·Í»É, ϳéáõó»É. ËëÏó. ݳ- ϳÛÇÝ, ³é»ÕÍí³Í³ÛÇÝ. His expression was ~
˳ӻéÝ»É, ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñå»É. He ~ed it all ²Û¹ Üñ³ ¹»ÙùÇ ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÃÛáõÝÁ ³é»ÕÍí³-
³ÙμáÕçÁ ݳ ¿ñ ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñå»É: ͳÛÇÝ ¿ñ:
engineering [‚endзi΄niəriŋ] n ï»ËÝÇϳ, ÇÝ- enjoin [in΄dзɔin] v å³ñï³¹ñ»É, Ññ³Ù³Û»É,
Żݻñ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍ, ׳ñï³ñ³·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ. ϳñ·³¹ñ»É. ~ smb to be silent Ññ³Ù³Û»É
agricultural ~ ³·ñáï»ËÝÇϳ. electrical~ Éé»É, ÉéáõÃÛ³Ý å³ñï³¹ñ»É. ~ smb to secrecy
enjoy 285 enrich

å³ñï³¹ñ»É ·³ÕïÝÇ å³Ñ»É: enliven [in΄laivn] v ϻݹ³Ý³óÝ»É, ³ßËáõ-


enjoy [in΄dзɔi] v ѳ×áõÛù ½·³É, μ³í³Ï³Ýáõ- ųóÝ»É. He much ~ed the party ܳ ³ßËáõ-
ÃÛáõÝ ëï³Ý³É, í³Û»É»É. ~ music/performance ÅáõÃÛáõÝ Ùïóñ»ó »ñ»ÏáõÛÃÇ Ù»ç:
»ñ³ÅßïáõÃÛáõÝÇó/Ý»ñϳ۳óáõÙÇó ѳ×áõÛù enmity [΄enməti] n ÃßݳٳÝù, Ãß³ÙáõÃÛáõÝ,
ëï³Ý³É. ~ oneself ųٳݳÏÁ É³í ³Ýó- áË. be at ~ with ÃßÝ³Ù³Ï³Ý Ñ³ñ³μ»ñáõ-
ϳóÝ»É. ~ yourself ò³ÝϳÝáõÙ »Ù ɳí ų- ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É:
Ù³Ýó. We ~ed your cake/dinner Ø»½ ß³ï ¹áõñ ennui [ɒ΄nwi:] n Ó³ÝÓñáõÛÃ, óËÇÍ:
»Ï³í Ó»ñ ׳ßÁ/ÃËí³ÍùÁ. (áõݻݳÉ) ~ good enormity [i΄nɔ:məti] n íÇÃ˳ñÇáõÃÛáõÝ.
health/reputation É³í ³éáÕçáõÃÛ³Ý ï»ñ Ññ»ß³íáñ ѳÝó³·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ. the ~ of the
ÉÇÝ»É. ɳí ѳÙμ³í áõݻݳÉ. (û·ïí»É) ~ problem ËݹñÇ íÇÃ˳ñÇáõÃÛáõÝÁ. the ~ of
rights/smb’s confidence Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇó/ the offence íÇñ³íáñ³ÝùÇ Ññ»ß³íáñáõÃÛáõ-
íëï³ÑáõÃÛáõÝÇó û·ïí»É: ÝÁ:
enjoyable [in΄dзɔiəbl] a ѳ׻ÉÇ, ѳ×áõÛù enormous [i΄nɔ:məs] a Ñëϳ۳ϳÝ, íÇÃ-
å³ï׳éáÕ: ˳ñÇ, ³Ñ³·ÇÝ. an ~ house íÇÃ˳ñÇ ßÇÝáõ-
enjoyment [in΄dзɔimənt] n í³Û»Éù, ѳ- ÃÛáõÝ. ~ success ÑëÏ³Û³Ï³Ý Ñ³çáÕáõÃÛáõÝ.
×áõÛù, μ³í³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. listen with real ~ an ~ sum ³Ñ³·ÇÝ ·áõÙ³ñ. He’s an ~ fun ܳ
Ù»Í Ñ³×áõÛùáí Éë»É. find ~ in journey ׳Ù- ß³ï áõñ³Ë Ù³ñ¹ ¿:
÷áñ¹»Éáõó Çñ³Ï³Ý ѳ×áõÛù ëï³Ý³É: enormously [i΄nɔ:məsli] adv ³Ýѳí³-
enkindle [in΄kindl] v í³é»É, μáó³í³é»É, ï³ÉÇ. ã³÷³½³Ýó. ³ñï³Ï³ñ·. enjoy ~
μáñμáù»É: ã³÷³½³Ýó Ù»Í Ñ³×áõÛù ëï³Ý³É:
enlarge [in΄la:dз] v ٻͳóÝ»É, ɳÛݳóÝ»É. ~ enough [i΄nΛf] 1. n μ³í³Ï³Ý. μ³í³ñ³ñ
a photo Éáõë³ÝϳñÁ ٻͳóÝ»É. ~ a theatre ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. That’s quite ~ ¸³ ÉñÇí μ³-
ɳÛݳóÝ»É Ã³ïñáÝÇ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»- í³Ï³Ý ¿. It’s just ~ ÈñÇí μ³í³Ï³Ý ¿. more
ñÁ. ~ one’s horizons ÷Ëμ. Ùï³ÑáñǽáÝÝ ÁÝ- than ~ ³í»ÉÇ ù³Ý μ³í³Ï³Ý. ~ and to spare
¹³ñӳϻÉ. ~ on the point Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ ³í»Ç ù³Ý ѳñϳíáñ ¿. I’ve had ~ of him ºë
ùÝݳñÏ»É Ñ³ñóÁ. ~ upon a subject ï³ñ³Í- Ýñ³ÝÇó Ó³ÝÓñ³ó»É »Ù. I’ve had ~ of your im-
í»É ûٳÛÇ ßáõñçÁ. μÅßÏ. His heart is ~d ܳ pudence ÆÝÓ Ó³ÝÓñ³óñ»É ¿ Ó»ñ ³Ýå³ïϳ-
ëñïÇ É³ÛݳóáõÙ áõÝÇ: éáõÃÛáõÝÁ. ~ to live on ³åñ»Éáõ ѳٳñ μ³-
enlighten [in΄laitn] v Éáõë³íáñ»É, Éáõë³íá- í³Ï³Ý ¿. 2. a μ³í³Ï³Ý, μ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ. ~
ñáõÃÛáõÝ ï³ñ³Í»É. ï»Õ»Ï³óÝ»É. He ~ed people/money/space/time μ³í³Ï³Ý Ù³ñ-
me on this subject ܳ ÇÙ ³ãù»ñÁ μ³ó»ó ³Ûë ¹ÇÏ/÷áÕ/ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ/Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ
ѳñóÇ Ï³å³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ùμ. Can you ~ me Ý»ñ, be fool ~ μ³í³Ï³Ý ÑÇÙ³ñ ÉÇÝ»É:
on/about...? γñá±Õ »ù ÇÝÓ ï»Õ»Ï³óÝ»É... enough [i΄nΛf] adv μ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷, μ³í³-
Ù³ëÇÝ: ϳÝ. know well ~ ß³ï É³í ·Çï»Ý³É/ÇÙ³-
enlightened [in΄laitnd] a Éáõë³íáñí³Í, ݳÉ. sure ~ ³ÝϳëϳÍ. oddly ~ áñù³Ý ¿É
ÏñÃí³Í. ï»ÕÛ³Ï. ųٳݳϳÏÇó. ~ age ï³ñûñÇÝ³Ï ¿. You are old ~ ¸áõ ³ñ¹»Ý
Éáõë³íáñ/ųٳݳϳÏÇó ¹³ñ. have an ~ at- μ³í³Ï³Ý Ù»Í »ë. well ~ μ³í³Ï³Ý ɳí. po-
titude ųٳݳϳÏÇó Ùáï»óáõÙ áõÝ»Ý³É lite ~ μ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ ù³Õ³ù³í³ñÇ.
thoroughly ~ upon the subject ɳí ï»ÕÛ³Ï/ That’s good ~ for me ¸³ ÇÝÓ Ñ³ñÙ³ñ ¿.
ù³ç³ï»ÕÛ³Ï Ã»Ù³ÛÇÝ: Enough! лñÇ°ù ¿ ì»°ñç ïáõñ:
enlightening [in΄laitniŋ] a Éáõë³μ³ÝáÕ. enrage [in΄reidз] v ϳï³Õ»óÝ»É. be ~d ë³ë-
áõë³Ý»ÉÇ. a very ~ remark ß³ï áõë³Ý»ÉÇ/ ïÇÏ çÕ³ÛݳݳÉ:
×Çßï Éáõë³μ³ÝáÕ ¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ: enrapture [in΄ræpt∫ə] v ÑdzóÝ»É, ѳ÷ßï³-
enlightenment [in΄laitnmənt] n Éáõë³íá- Ï»É. be ~d by the beauty of the sea/mountains
ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ÏñÃáõÃÛáõÝ: ÑÇ³Ý³É ÍáíÇ/É»éÝ»ñÇ ·»Õ»óÏáõÃÛ³Ùμ:
enlist [in΄list] v ϳٳíáñ ½ÇÝͳé³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý enraptured [in΄ræpt∫əd] a Ñdzó³Í,
Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É. ݳ˳å»ë ëï³Ý³É/Ó»éù μ»ñ»É. ѳ÷ßï³Ïí³Í:
~ support ³ç³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ ëï³Ý³É: enrich [in΄rit∫] v ѳñëï³óÝ»É. å³ñ³ñ-
enlistee [en΄listi:] n ³Ù. ½ÇÝíáñ³·ñí³Í: ï³óÝ»É (ÑáÕÁ). ~ one’s vocabulary μ³é³-
enrol(l) 286 entertain

å³ß³ñÁ ѳñëï³óÝ»É. ~ the soil å³ñ³ñ- ·»óÝÇ Ù»Í Í³Ëë»ñÇ. That will ~ an early start
ï³óÝ»É ÑáÕÁ: ¸³ Ý߳ݳÏáõÙ ¿ í³Õ ëÏǽμ:
enrol(l) [in΄rəul] v óáõó³Ï³·ñ»É, ³Ý¹³Ù³- entangle [in΄tæŋgl] v ˳éÝ»É, Ë××»É, ß÷á-
·ñí»É. ·ñ³Ýó»É. ~ as a member ³Ý¹³Ù³- ûÉ. ÷Ëμ. óϳñ¹Ç Ù»ç ·ó»É. get ~d in
·ñí»É. ~ in a music class »ñ³Åßï³Ï³Ý debt/shady dealings å³ñïù»ñÇ Ù»ç/ÙáõÃ
ËÙμ³ÏÇ ³Ý¹³Ù ¹³éݳÉ: ·áñÍ»ñÇ/÷áÕ³ÛÇÝ Ù»ù»Ý³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ù»ç
enrollee [in΄rəuli:] n ³Ù. ½ÇÝͳé³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý Ë××í»É. get ~d with dubious characters ϳå-
Ù»ç ÁݹáõÝí³Í: í»É ϳëϳͻÉÇ ³ÝÓ³Ýó Ñ»ï:
enrolment [in΄rəulmənt] n óáõó³Ï³·ñáõÙ, entanglement [in΄tæŋglmənt] n ¹Åí³ñ ϳ-
·ñ³ÝóáõÙ: óáõÃÛáõÝ, ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. Ë××í³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ.
en route [ɒn΄ru:t] adv ׳ݳå³ñÑÇÝ. ~ for é½Ù. ɳñ³÷³Ïáó:
Paris/London ö³ñǽ/ÈáݹáÝ ·Ý³Éáõ ׳ݳ- enter [΄entə] v ÙïÝ»É, Ý»ñë ·Ý³É. ~ a room
å³ñÑÇÝ: ë»ÝÛ³Ï ÙïÝ»É. (ó÷³Ýó»É) The bullet ~ed
enrooted [in΄ru:tid] a ³ñÙ³ï³ó³Í: his heart ¶Ý¹³ÏÁ ó÷³Ýó»ó Ýñ³ ëÇñïÁ. It
ensconce [in΄skɒns] v ͳÍÏ(í)»É, óùÝí»É, never ~ed my head/mind ºñμ»ù Ùïùáíë/
óùóÝ»É. ѳñÙ³ñ Ýëï»É. ~ oneself cosily ·ÉËáíë ã¿ñ ³Ýó»É. The Volga ~s the Caspian
ѳñÙ³ñ³í»ï Ýëï»É: sea ìáÉ·³Ý ó÷íáõÙ ¿ γëåÇó ÍáíÁ.
ensemble [ɒn΄sɒmbl] n ËáõÙμ, ѳٳϳ½Ù, (ÁݹáõÝí»É, ³Ý¹³Ù³·ñí»É) ~ school/univer-
³Ýë³ÙμÉ. »ñÅß. ѳÙáõÛÃ. ѳ·áõëïÇ Ñ³Ù³- sity/army ¹åñáó/ѳٳÉë³ñ³Ý ÁݹáõÝí»É,
ÉÇñ: μ³Ý³Ï ·Ý³É. ~ smth in one’s notebook áñ¨¿
enshrine [in΄∫rain] v å³Ñå³Ý»É, Çμñ¨ μ³Ý ·ñ³Ýó»É Íáó³ï»ïñáõÙ. ~ a word in a
ëñμáõÃÛáõÝ å³Ñ»É: dictionary μ³éÁ μ³é³ñ³Ý ÙïóÝ»É. ~ oneself
enshroud [in΄∫raud] v ÷³Ã³Ã»É, ͳÍÏ»É. for an exam óáõó³Ï³·ñí»É ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ
å³ï³Ý»É: ѳÝÓÝ»Éáõ ѳٳñ. (óïñ. é»Ù³ñÏ) ~ Ham-
ensign [΄ensain] n Íáí. ËáñÑñ¹³Ýß³Ý, ¹ñáß. let ÙïÝáõÙ ¿ гÙÉ»ïÁ. ~ a suit Çñ³í. ѳÛó
³Ù. (Ïñïë»ñ) É»Ûï»Ý³Ýï: Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É. ~ into a possession (of property)
ensilage [΄ensəlidз] n, v ·Õï. ëÇÉáë. ëÇÉá- Çñ³í. ³ÝóÝ»É(·áõÛùÇ) ïÇñ³å»ïÙ³Ý. ~ for
ë³óÝ»É: óáõó³Ï³·ñí»É. ~ for a competition óáõ-
enslave [in΄sleiv] v ëïñϳóÝ»É. ÷Ëμ. ·»ñÇ ó³Ï³·ñí»É ÙñóáõÛÃÇÝ Ù³ëݳÏó»Éáõ ѳ-
¹³ñÓÝ»É: Ù³ñ. ~ into ÙïÝ»É. ~ into details Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ë-
enslavement [in΄sleivmənt] n ëïñϳóáõÙ: Ý»ñÇ Ù»ç ÙïÝ»É. That doesn’t ~ into it ê³
ensnare [in΄sneə] v óϳñ¹Ç Ù»ç ·ó»É/ ·áñÍÇÝ ãÇ í»ñ³μ»ñáõÙ. ~ upon ëÏë»É. Çñ³í.
μéÝ»É. ÷Ëμ. ·³ÛóÏÕ»Éáí ÍáõÕ³ÏÁ ·ó»É, ï»ñ ¹³éݳÉ. ~ upon a new career Ýáñ ·áñÍ/
ÙáÉáñ»óÝ»É. ~ the innocent child ³ÝÙ»Õ »ñ»- ϳñÇ»ñ³ ëÏë»É:
˳ÛÇÝ ÙáÉáñ»óÝ»É: enteric [en΄terik] 1. n (ݳ¨ ~ fever) μÅßÏ.
ensue [in΄sju:] v ѻ層É, ѳçáñ¹»É. Silence áñáí³ÛݳÛÇÝ ïÇý. 2. a áñáí³ÛݳÛÇÝ:
~d ÈéáõÃÛáõÝ Ñ»ï¨»ó. Many difficulties ~ enterprise [΄entəpraiz] n Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝ.
Þ³ï μ³ñ¹áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ѻ層óÇÝ: private ~ Ù³ëݳíáñ Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝ. indus-
ensuing [in΄sju:iŋ] a ѳçáñ¹(áÕ). for the ~ trial/a small ~ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳμ»ñ³Ï³Ý/÷áùñ Ó»é-
year ѳçáñ¹ ï³ñí³ Ñ³Ù³ñ. the ~ quarrels ݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝ. (ݳ˳ӻéÝáõÃÛáõÝ, Ó»éÝ»ñ»-
ѳçáñ¹áÕ ÏéÇíÝ»ñÁ: óáõÃÛáõÝ) a man of (great) ~ (ËÇëï) Ó»é-
ensure [in΄∫ɔ:] v ³å³Ñáí»É, »ñ³ß˳íáñ»É. Ý»ñ»ó/ݳ˳ӻéÝáÕ Ù³ñ¹. dangerous/bold ~
~ the best results É³í³·áõÛÝ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁ íï³Ý·³íáñ/ѳٳñÓ³Ï Ý³Ë³Ó»éÝáõ-
»ñ³ß˳íáñ»É. ~ (oneself) against disappoint- ÃÛáõÝ:
ment ãÑdzëó÷í»ÉÁ ³å³Ñáí»É: enterprising [΄entəpraiziŋ] a ݳ˳ӻéÝáÕ,
entail [in΄teil] n Çñ³í. ųé³Ý·Ù³Ý ϳñ·Ý Ó»éÝ»ñ»ó. That was ~ of you! ²°Û ù»½ Ñݳñ³-
³Ùñ³·ñáÕ ³Ïï, Ù³Ûáñ³ï£ ÙïáõÃÛáõÝ:
entail [in΄teil] v ѳݷ»óÝ»É, ѻ勉Ýù entertain [‚entə΄tein] v (ÑÛáõñ) ÁݹáõÝ»É,
áõݻݳÉ. That will ~ great expense ¸³ ÏѳÝ- ÑÛáõñÁÝϳɻÉ, ÑÛáõñ³ëÇñ»É. ~ friends to din-
entertainer 287 entrails

ner ÁÝÏ»ñÝ»ñÇÝ ×³ßáí ÑÛáõñ³ëÇñ»É. We ~ a entice [in΄tais] v Ññ³åáõñ»É, ·³ÛóÏÕ»É. ~


lot/very little at home Ø»ñ ï³ÝÁ ѳ׳Ë/ë³- away ·ñ³í»É, ѳ÷ßï³Ï»É. ~ the victim into
Ï³í »Ý ÑÛáõñ»ñ ÉÇÝáõÙ. They love to ~ a trap ½áÑÇÝ Ã³Ï³ñ¹Ç Ù»ç ·ó»É:
Üñ³Ýù ëÇñáõÙ »Ý ÑÛáõñ»ñ ÁݹáõÝ»É. (½í³ñ- enticement [in΄taismənt] n ·³ÛóÏÕáõ-
׳óÝ»É) He ~ed us with his stories ܳ Ù»½ ÃÛáõÝ, Ññ³åáõñ³Ýù. ˳ÛÍ:
½í³ñ׳óÝáõÙ ¿ñ Çñ å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí. enticing [in΄taisiŋ] a ·³ÛóÏÕÇã, ·³Ûó-
(ï³Í»É) ~ hopes/doubts ÑáõÛë»ñ ï³Í»É, ÏÕ»óÝáÕ. an ~ prospect ·³ÛóÏÕÇã Ñ»é³-
ϳëϳÍÝ»ñ áõݻݳÉ. ~ a proposal ³é³- Ýϳñ:
ç³ñÏÝ ÁݹáõÝ»É/Ç ÝϳïÇ áõݻݳÉ. He entire [in΄taiə] n Édzϳï³ñ, ³ÙμáÕç³Ï³Ý,
won’t~ the idea ܳ ³Û¹ Ù³ëÇÝ ÝáõÛÝÇëÏ ãÇ ³ÙμáÕç. the ~ world/day ³ÙμáÕç ³ß˳ñÑÁ/
ϳϳÍÇ. (ѳßíÇ ³éÝ»É, ÝϳïÇ áõݻݳÉ, ûñÁ. That is our ~ stock ¸³ Ù»ñ ³ÙμáÕç å³-
ùÝÝ»É) ~ a point ѳßíÇ ³éÝ»É ï»ë³Ï»ïÁ. ~ ß³ñÝ ¿. ~ ignorance ϳï³ñÛ³É ³Ýï»ÕÛ³-
proceedings ·áñÍÁ ùÝÝ»É: ÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
entertainer [‚entə΄teinə] n ѳٻñ·³í³ñ, entirely [in΄taiəli] adv ³ÙμáÕç³å»ë, μáÉá-
¿ëïñ³¹³ÛÇ ³ñïÇëï: ñáíÇÝ, ÉÇáíÇÝ agree ~ ÉÇáíÇÝ Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝ-
entertaining [‚entə΄teiniŋ] a Ñ»ï³ùñùñ³- í»É. be ~ right ÉñÇí ×Çßï ÉÇÝ»É. ~ different μá-
ß³ñÅ, ½í³ñ׳ÉÇ: ÉáñáíÇÝ ï³ñμ»ñ. That’s not ~ the case ¸³
entertainment [‚entə΄teinmənt] n ½í³ñ×áõ- μáÉáñáíÇÝ ¿É ³Û¹å»ë ã¿. (μ³ó³é³å»ë, ÙÇ-
ÃÛáõÝ, ѳ×áõÛù. ÁݹáõÝ»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ. Music is my ÙdzÛÝ) It’s ~ my fault ¸³ ÙÇÙdzÛÝ ÇÙ Ù»ÕùÝ
favourite ~ ºñ³ÅßïáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÇÙ Ù»Í Ñ³- ¿. ~ for your own good μ³ó³é³å»ë ùá û·áõ-
×áõÛùÝ ¿. much to the ~ of my friend Ç Ù»Í ïÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ:
áõñ³ËáõÃÛáõÝ ÇÙ ÁÝÏ»ñáç. (Ý»ñϳ۳óáõÙ) entirety [in΄taiəti] n ³ÙμáÕç³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. in
music-hall/ light ~ ¿ëïñ³¹³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù»ñ·/Ý»ñ- its ~ ³ÙμáÕçáõÃÛ³Ùμ, ÉñÇí. Çñ³í. ѳٳ-
ϳ۳óáõÙ. lay on/put on an ~ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõÙ ï»Õ ïÇñ»ÉÁ:
ï³É. ~ allowance Ý»ñϳ۳óÙ³Ý Í³Ëë»ñ. entitle [in΄taitl] v í»ñݳ·ñ»É, ³ÝáõÝ/ÏáãáõÙ
give an ~ ÁݹáõÝ»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ/׳ß/ ÁÝÃñÇù ¨ ï³É. The book is ~d ¶ÇñùÁ í»ñݳ·ñí³Í ¿.
³ÛÉÝ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñå»É: (Çñ³íáõÝù ï³É, Édz½áñ»É) be ~d to know
enthral(l) [in΄θrɔ:l] v ·»ñ»É, ¹ÛáõûÉ: ÇٳݳÉáõ Çñ³íáõÝù áõݻݳÉ. be ~d to dam-
enthralled [in΄θrɔ:ld] a ËÇëï ï³ñí³Í, ages Çñ³í. íݳë³Ñ³ïáõóÙ³Ý Çñ³íáõÝù
ѳ÷ßï³Ïí³Í. I was ~ by this novel ºë áõݻݳÉ:
ï³ñí³Í »Ù ³Ûë í»åáí: entity [΄entəti] n ÷ÇÉ. ¿áõÃÛáõÝ. ¿³Ï. ³ÝÓ.
enthrolling [in΄θrɔ:liŋ] a ¹ÛáõÃÇã, ·»ñÇã, ÇÝùÝáõñáõÛÝ Ï³½Ù³íáñáõÙ. a separate ~ ÙÇ
ѳ÷ßï³ÏÇã: ³é³ÝÓÇÝ μ³Ý. class ~ ¹³ë³Ï³ñ·³ÛÇÝ ¿áõ-
enthrone [in΄θrəun] v ·³Ñ μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É: ÃÛáõÝ. legal ~ Çñ³í. Çñ³í³Ï³Ý/Çñ³í³μ³-
enthuse [in΄θju:z] v ˳ݹ³í³éí»É. ~ over Ý³Ï³Ý ³ÝÓ:
smth ËëÏó. ˳ݹ³í³éí»É/Ññ×í»É ÇÝã-áñ entomb [in΄tu:m] v óջÉ, áñå»ë ·»ñ»½-
μ³Ýáí. The audience ~d over the play гݹÇ- Ù³Ý Í³é³Û»É:
ë³ï»ëÝ»ñÁ ˳ݹ³í³éáõÃÛ³Ùμ ÁݹáõÝ»- entombment [in΄tu:mmənt] n óÕáõÙ:
óÇÝ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõÙÁ: entomological [‚entəmə΄lɒdзikl] a ÙÇç³-
enthusiasm [in΄θju:zi‚æz(ə)m] n ˳ݹ³- ï³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý:
í³éáõÃÛáõÝ. spontaneous ~ ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ Ë³Ý¹³- entomology [‚entə΄mɒlədзi] n ÙÇç³ï³μ³-
í³éáõÃÛáõÝ. a burst of ~ ˳ݹ³í³éáõÃÛ³Ý ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
åáéÃÏáõÙ: entourage [‚ɒntu΄ra:з] n ßñç³å³ï, ÙÇç³-
enthusiast [in΄θju:ziæst] n ˳ݹ³í³é í³Ûñ. ѳë³ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
Ù³ñ¹, ¿Ýïáõ½Ç³ëï: entr’acte [΄ɒntrækt] n ÁݹÙÇçáõÙ, ³Ýï-
enthusiastic [in΄θju:ziæstik] a ˳ݹ³í³é, ñ³Ïï:
»é³Ý¹áõÝ. ~ applause μáõéÝ Í³÷³Ñ³ñáõ- entrails [΄entreilz] n pl ÷áñáïÇù, ³ÕÇùÝ»ñ.
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. become ~ about smth áñ¨¿ μ³Ýáí ÷Ëμ. Áݹ»ñù:
ï³ñí»É/˳ݹ³í³éí»É: entrance [΄entrəns] n Ùáõïù, ¹áõé. back ~
entrance 288 environment

Ñ»ïݳÙáõïù, Ñ»ïݳ¹áõé. front ~ ßù³- journal/notebook ·ñ³ÝóáõÙ Ù³ïÛ³ÝáõÙ/Íá-


Ùáõïù. the service ~ ͳé³ÛáÕ³Ï³Ý Ùáõïù. ó³ï»ïñáõÙ. ~ in the minutes ³ñӳݳ·ñáõ-
at the ~ ÙáõïùÇ Ùáï. ~ charge ÙáõïùÇ í׳ñ. ÃÛ³Ý ·ñ³ÝóáõÙ. (μ³é³Ñá¹í³Í) The dic-
~ free ØáõïùÝ ³½³ï ¿. force an ~ áõÅáí tionary contains 10.000 ~ ies ´³é³ñ³ÝÁ å³-
Ý»ñë ÙïÝ»É. ~ visa ÙáõïùÇ íǽ³. No ~ ñáõݳÏáõÙ ¿ 10.000 μ³é³Ñá¹í³Í. (ѳÛï,
Øáõïù ãϳ/³ñ·»Éí³Í ¿. (μ»Ù ¹áõñë ·³ÉÁ, ÙñóáõÛÃ) a large ~ Ù»Í ÙñóáõÛÃ. a large ~ for
μ»Ù»ÉÁ) ~ on the stage μ»Ù ¹áõñë ·³ÉÁ. ~ of the competition/for the job ÙñóáõÛÃÇ/³ß˳-
the king ó·³íáñÇ ¹áõñë ·³ÉÁ, »ÉùÁ. The ï³ï»Õ»ñÇ Ù»Í Ñ³Ûï. ~ form ³ÝÏ»ï³,
actor had two ~s ¸»ñ³ë³ÝÁ »ñÏáõ »Éù ѳñó³Ã»ñÃÇÏ an ~ for an exhibition óáõó³-
áõÝ»ó³í£ ѳݹ»ëÇ ÝÙáõß, óáõó³ÝÙáõß. ~ into school/
entrance [΄entrəns] a ÙáõïùÇ, ÁݹáõÝ»Éáõ- university ¹åñáó/ѳٳÉë³ñ³Ý ÁݹáõÝí»ÉÁ:
ÃÛ³Ý. ~ hall ݳ˳ë»ÝÛ³Ï, ݳ˳ëñ³Ñ. ~ ÑÙÏñ·. ~ point address ÙáõïùÇ Ï»ïÇ Ñ³ëó».
fee ÙáõïùÇ í³ñÓ. no ~ fee ³Ýí׳ñ Ùáõïù, ~ form ÇÝýáñÙ³ódzÛÇ Ùáõïù³·ñÙ³Ý Ó¨. ~
ÙáõïùÝ ³Ýí׳ñ. ~ examinations ÁݹáõÝ»Éáõ- instruction Ùáõïù, Ññ³Ñ³Ý·. ~ time ÙáõïùÇ
ÃÛ³Ý ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: ųٳݳÏÁ:
entrance [in΄tra:ns] v ½Ù³ÛɳÝùÇ/ѳ÷ßï³- entwine [in΄twain] v ÑÛáõë»É, ÙdzÑÛáõë»É.
ÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ·ó»É. They listened ~d Üñ³Ýù ·ñÏ»É, ÷³Ã³Ãí»É:
ѳ÷ßï³Ïí³Í ÉëáõÙ ¿ÇÝ: entwist [in΄twist] v å³ï»É, ßñç³å³ï»É,
entrancing [in΄tra:nsiŋ] a ·ñ³íÇã, Ññ³åáõ- ÷³Ã³Ãí»É:
ñÇã: enumerate [i΄nju:məreit] v Ãí»É, Ãí³ñÏ»É,
entrant [΄entrənt] n ùÝÝíáÕ. ÙñóáõÛÃÇ Ù³ë- ѳÙñ»É:
ݳÏÇó: enumeration [i‚nju:mə΄rei∫n] n Ãí³ñÏáõÙ,
entrap [in΄træp] v óϳñ¹»É, ÍáõÕ³ÏÇ Ù»ç ó³ÝÏ, Ãí³ñÏ:
·ó»É. ˳μ»É, ÙáÉáñ»óÝ»É: enunciate [i΄nΛnseit] v Ó¨³Ï»ñå»É, ß³ñ³¹-
entreat [in΄tri:t] v ³Õ³ã»É, ³Õ»ñë»É: ñ»É. ~ a theory ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ ß³ñ³¹ñ»É. ~
entreaty [in΄tri:ti] n ³Õ»ñë³Ýù, å³Õ³- words clearly Ñëï³Ï ³éá·³Ý»É μ³é»ñÁ:
ï³Ýù: envelop [in΄veləp] v ÷³Ã³Ã»É, Íñ³ñ»É. ~ed
entree [΄ɒntrei] n ÙáõïùÇ Çñ³íáõÝù. have the in blanket í»ñÙ³Ïáí ÷³Ã³Ãí³Í. ~ed in a
~ to all the theatres μáÉáñ óïñáÝÝ»ñÇ Ùáõï- secrecy ·³ÕïÝÇùáí å³ïí³Í. ~ed in mys-
ùÇ Çñ³íáõÝù áõݻݳÉ: tery ËáñÑñ¹³íáñ, ³é»ÕÍí³Í³ÛÇÝ. ~ed in
entrench [in΄trent∫] v é½Ù. Ëñ³Ù³ï³å³- flames Ïñ³Ïáí μéÝí³Í:
ï»É. ~ oneself, be ~ed Ëñ³Ù³ïÇ Ù»ç ³Ùñ³- envelope [΄envələup] n Íñ³ñ. stick down an
ݳÉ. ~ed prejudices ÷Ëμ. ËáñÝ ³ñÙ³ï³- ~ Íñ³ñÁ ÷³Ï»É/ÏåóÝ»É:
ó³Í ݳ˳å³ß³ñÙáõÝù: envenom [in΄venəm] v Ãáõݳíáñ»É:
entrenchment [in΄trent∫mənt] n é½Ù. ¹³ß- envenomed [in΄venəmd] a ÷Ëμ. Ãáõݳíáñ,
ï³ÛÇÝ ³ÙñáõÃÛáõÝ, Ëñ³Ù³ï: ã³ñ:
entrust [in΄trΛst] v íëï³Ñ»É, ѳÝÓݳñ³- enviable [΄enviəbl] a ݳ˳ÝÓ»ÉÇ. an ~ posi-
ñ»É. ~ money/a secret ÷áÕ/·³ÕïÝÇù íëï³- tion ݳ˳ÝÓ»ÉÇ ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ/íÇ׳Ï. an ~
Ñ»É. be ~ed to deliver a letter ѳÝÓݳñ³ñ»É young man ݳ˳ÝÓ»ÉÇ »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹:
Ý³Ù³Ï Ñ³ÝÓÝ»É. ~ children to smb »ñ»Ë³- envious [΄enviəs] a ݳ˳ÝÓ, ݳ˳ÝÓáï. be
ÛÇÝ Ù»ÏÇ ËݳÙùÇÝ ÃáÕÝ»É: ~ of smb/smth ݳ˳ÝÓ»É Ù»ÏÇÝ/áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ
entr/y [΄entri] n Ùáõïù, ßù³Ùáõïù. óïñ. ѳٳñ. an ~ look ݳ˳ÝÓáï ѳ۳óù:
μ»Ù»É. right of ~ ÙáõïùÇ Çñ³íáõÝù. No ~ environ [in΄vaiərən] v ßñç³å³ï»É:
Øáõïù ãϳ, ØáõïùÝ ³ñ·»Éí³Í ¿. ~ into the environment [in΄vairənmənt] n ßñç³å³-
war å³ï»ñ³½ÙÇ Ù»ç ÙïÝ»ÉÁ. the ~ of a ïáÕ å³ñ³·³Ý»ñ. ßñç³Ï³ ÙÇç³í³Ûñ. pol-
country into a war »ñÏñÇ å³ï»ñ³½ÙÇ Ù»ç lute ~ ³Õïáï»É ßñç³Ï³ ÙÇç³í³ÛñÁ. pro-
ÙïÝ»ÉÁ. illegal ~ ³åûñÇÝÇ Ùáõïù áñ¨¿ tection of the ~ ßñç³Ï³ ÙÇç³í³ÛñÇ å³Ñ-
»ñÏÇñ. triumphal ~ ѳÕÃ³Ï³Ý Ùáõïù. force å³ÝáõÙ. home ~ ÁÝï³Ý»Ï³Ý ÙÇç³í³Ûñ:
an ~ áõÅáí ÙïÝ»É. (·ñ³ÝóáõÙ) ~ in environmental [in‚vairən΄mentl] a ßñç³Ï³
environmental 289 equal

ÙÇç³í³ÛñÇ. ~ law ßñç³Ï³ ÙÇç³í³ÛñÇ epistolary [i΄pistələri] a ݳٳϳÛÇÝ, ݳٳ-


Çñ³íáõÝù/ûñ»Ýù: ϳӨ:
environs [in΄vairənz] n pl ³ñí³ñÓ³Ý, ßñç³- epitaph [΄epita:f] n ï³å³Ý³·Çñ, ¹³Ùμ³-
ϳÛù: ݳ·Çñ:
envisage [in΄vizidз] v å³ïÏ»ñ³óÝ»É, ϳÝ- epithet [΄epiθet] n ٳϹÇñ, ¿åÇï»ï:
˳ï»ë»É. not to ~ all the difficulties ãϳÝ˳- epitome [i΄pitəm] n Ù³ñÙݳíáñáõÙ. Ù³ñÙ-
ï»ë»É/ãå³ïÏ»ñ³óÝ»É μáÉáñ ¹Åí³ñáõ- ݳóáõÙ. an ~ of virtue ³é³ùÇÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ñÙ-
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ: ݳíáñáõÙ:
envoy [΄envɔi] n å³ïíÇñ³Ï, ¹»ëå³Ýáñ¹. epoch [΄i:pɒk] n ¹³ñ³ßñç³Ý, ųٳݳϳ-
special ~ ѳïáõÏ Ñ³ÝÓݳñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ßñç³Ý. glacial ~ ë³éó³ÛÇÝ ¹³ñ³ßñç³Ý:
¹»ëå³Ý: epoch-making [΄i:pɒk‚meikiŋ] a ¹³ñ³-
envy [΄envi] n ݳ˳ÝÓ, ݳ˳ÝÓÇ ³é³ñϳ. ϳ½ÙÇÏ. ϳñ¨áñ, Ý߳ݳíáñ. ~ discovery
out of ~ ݳ˳ÝÓÇó, ݳ˳ÝÓÇ å³ï׳éáí. ѳٳß˳ñѳÛÇÝ Ý߳ݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»óáÕ
~ of all ѳÙÁݹѳÝáõñ ݳ˳ÝÓÇ ³é³ñϳ: ѳÛïݳ·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ:
envy [΄envi] v ݳ˳ÝÓ»É. ~ one’s good for- epopee [΄epəupi:] n ¹Ûáõó³½Ý»ñ·áõÃÛáõÝ,
tune/success μ³ËïÇÝ/ѳçáÕáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ݳ- ¿åá廳:
˳ÝÓ»É: epos [΄epɒs] n ¿åáë, íÇå»ñ·áõÃÛáõÝ. ¿åÇϳ-
enwrap [in΄ræp] v ÷³Ã³Ã»É, Íñ³ñ»É: Ï³Ý åá»Ù:
ephemeral [i΄femrəl] a ³ÝóáÕÇÏ, ³Ýѳ- equability [‚ekwə΄biləti] n ѳí³ë³ñ³-
ñ³ï¨. ~ plants/insects Ù»Ï/ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ ûñ ³å- Ïßéí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳٳã³÷áõÃÛáõÝ:
ñáÕ μáõÛë»ñ/ÙÇç³ïÝ»ñ: equable [΄ekwəbl] a ѳí³ë³ñ, ѳٳã³÷,
epic [΄epik]1. n ¿åÇÏ³Ï³Ý åá»Ù (ݳ¨ an ~ ѳí³ë³ñ³Ïßéí³Í. an ~ climate ѳٳã³÷
poem) ËëÏó. ã³÷³½³Ýó Ñ»ï³ùñùÇñ. The ÏÉÇÙ³. an ~ character ѳí³ë³ñ³Ïßéí³Í
cup final was ~ Ùñ½. ¶³í³ÃÇ í»ñçݳ˳ÕÁ μݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ:
ß³ï Ñ»ï³ùñùÇñ ¿ñ. 2. a ¿åÇϳϳÝ, íÇ- equal [΄i:kwəl] n ѳí³ë³ñ³ÏÇó, ѳí³ë³-
å»ñ·³Ï³Ý, ¹Ûáõó³½Ý»ñ·³Ï³Ý (ݳ¨ epi- ñÁ, ÝÙ³ÝÁ. He is not your ~ ܳ Ó»ñ ѳí³-
cal)£ ë³ñÁ ã¿. have no ~, be without ~ ѳí³ë³ñÁ
epicentre [΄episentə] n (»ñÏñ³ß³ñÅÇ) ¿åÇ- ãáõݻݳÉ. treat smb as an ~ ѳí³ë³ñÇ ÝÙ³Ý
Ï»ÝïñáÝ: í»ñ³μ»ñí»É. the ~ sign ѳí³ë³ñáõÃÛ³Ý
epicurean [‚epikju΄ri:ən] 1. n ¿åÇÏáõñÛ³Ý. Ýß³Ý. Ù³Ã. let A be the ~ of B »Ýó¹ñ»Ýù ²
2. a ¿åÇÏáõñ³Ï³Ý. ¾åÇÏáõñÇÝ/¾åÇÏáõñÇ -Ý Ñ³í³ë³ñ ¿ ´-Ç£
Ñ»ïÝáñ¹Ý»ñÇÝ í»³μ»ñáÕ, ½·³ó³Ï³Ý£ equal [΄i:kwəl] a ѳí³ë³ñ. ÙdzÝÙ³Ý, ÝáõÛ-
epidemic [‚epi΄demik] n, a ѳٳ׳ñ³Ï. ݳÝÙ³Ý. ѳí³ë³ñ³½áñ. ~ rights ѳí³-
ѳٳ׳ñ³Ï³ÛÇÝ. a flu ~ ·ñÇåÇ Ñ³Ù³- ë³ñ Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñ. on ~ terms ѳí³ë³ñ
׳ñ³Ï. stamp out an ~ ѳٳ׳ñ³ÏÁ ëϽμáõÝùÝ»ñáí. on ~ footing ѳí³ë³ñ
í»ñ³óÝ»É: å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáí. ~ height/weight ÙǨÝáõÛÝ Ñ³-
epidemical [‚epi΄demikəl] a ѳٳ׳- ë³Ï/ù³ß. on ~ reasons ѳí³ë³ñ ÑÇÙáõÝù-
ñ³Ï³ÛÇÝ: Ý»ñáí. ~ pay for ~ work ѳí³ë³ñ í׳ñ,
epigram [΄epigræm] n ¿åÇ·ñ³Ù: ѳí³ë³ñ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. be not ~ to
epigraph [΄epigra:f] n μݳμ³Ý: one’s task Çñ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇÝ ãѳٳå³ï³ë-
epilogue [΄epilɒg] n í»ñç³μ³Ý: ˳ݻÉ. with ~ ease ÝáõÛÝ Ñ»ßïáõÃÛ³Ùμ/³-
episcopal [i΄piskəpl] a »åÇëÏáåáëÇ, »åÇë- ½³ïáõÃÛ³Ùμ. I don’t feel ~ to writing letters
Ïáåáë³Ï³Ý: ËëÏó. Ü³Ù³Ï ·ñ»Éáõ ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ãáõ-
episcopate [i΄piskəpət] n »åÇëÏáåáëÇ ³ë- Ý»Ù. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ modulo N ѳٻٳï»ÉǪ Áëï
ïÇ׳Ý. ûÙ: Ùá¹áõÉ Ü –Ç:
episode [΄episəud] n ÙÇç³¹»å, ¿åǽá¹: equal [΄i:kwəl] v ѳí³ë³ñí»É, ѳí³ë³-
shady ~ in the past Ùáõà ³ÝóÛ³É: ñ»óÝ»É. Nothing can ~ this view ²Ûë ï»ë³-
episodic(al) [‚epi΄sɒdik(l)] a ÙÇç³¹»åÇ, ñ³ÝÇ Ñ»ï áãÇÝã ãÇ Ï³ñáÕ Ñ³Ù»Ù³ïí»É:
ÙÇç³¹»å³ÛÇÝ, å³ï³Ñ³Ï³Ý: equality [i΄kwɒləti] n ѳí³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝ,
equality 290 erect

Çñ³í³Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. on an ~ with ѳ- rescue ~ ÷ñϳñ³ñ ë³ñù³íáñáõÙ. modern ~


í³ë³ñ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ/Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñáí: ųٳݳϳÏÇó ë³ñù³íáñáõÙ. garden ~ ³Û-
equalize [΄i:kwəlaiz] v ѳí³ë³ñ»óÝ»É, ѳ- ·»·áñÍ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍÇùÝ»ñ. mental ~ Ùï³íáñ
í³ë³ñ³Ïßé»É. ~ incomes »Ï³ÙáõïÁ ѳí³- ϳñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ:
ë³ñ»óÝ»É. They ~d by half time Ùñ½. ʳճ- equitable [΄ekwitəbl] a ³ñ¹³ñ³¹³ï, ³Ý³-
Ï»ëÇ í»ñçáõ٠ѳßÇíÁ ѳí³ë³ñí»ó: ã³é. (on) ~ basis ³Ý³ã³é Ï»ñåáí, ³ñ¹³-
equally [΄i:kwəli] adv ѳí³ë³ñ³å»ë. di- ñ³¹³ïáñ»Ý:
vide ~ ѳí³ë³ñ μ³Å³Ý»É. treat ~ ѳí³ë³- equit/y [΄ekwəti] n ³ñ¹³ñ³¹³ïáõÃÛáõÝ,
ñ³å»ë/ѳí³ë³ñ Ï»ñåáí í»ñ³μ»ñí»É. It ³Ý³ã³éáõÃÛáõÝ. Çñ³í. ³ñ¹³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Çñ³-
would be ~ wrong гí³ë³ñ³å»ë/ѳí³- íáõÝù. ë»÷³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ ies ýÇÝ. μ³ÅÝ»-
ë³ñ ã³÷áí ëË³É ÏÉÇÝ»ñ: ïáÙë»ñ. ~ capital Çñ³í. ë»÷³Ï³Ý ÙÇçáó-
equanimity [‚ekwə΄niməti] n ÇùݳïÇñ³- Ý»ñ. negative ~ μ³ó³ë³Ï³Ý ß³Ñ:
å»ïáõÙ, ³Ýíñ¹áíáõÃÛáõÝ, Ñá·»Ï³Ý equivalence [i΄kwivələns] n ѳٳñÅ»ùáõ-
ѳݷëïáõÃÛáõÝ. His ~ is not easily disturbed ÃÛáõÝ, ѳí³ë³ñ³½áñáõÃÛáõÝ. ÑÙÏñ· ~
лßï ã¿ Ýñ³ Ñá·»Ï³Ý Ñ³Ý·ÇëïÁ ˳Ë- classes ѳٳñÅ»ùáõÃÛ³Ý ¹³ë»ñ. ~ conver-
ï»É: sion ѳٳñÅ»ù Ó¨³÷áËáõÃÛáõÝ:
equate [i΄kweit] v ѳí³ë³ñ»óÝ»É: equivalent [i΄kwivələnt] n ѳٳñÅ»ù£
equation [i΄kweiзn] n ѳí³ë³ñ»óáõÙ. Ù³Ã. equivalent [i΄kwivələnt] a ѳٳñÅ»ù, ѳ-
ѳí³ë³ñáõÙ. simple ~ ³é³çÇÝ ³ëïÇ׳ÝÇ Ù³½áñ. The Armenian ~ for this word is ...²Ûë
ѳí³ë³ñáõÙ: μ³éÇ Ñ³Û»ñ»Ý ѳٳñÅ»ùÁ... be ~ to ѳ-
equator [i΄kweitə] n ѳë³ñ³Ï³Í: Ù³ñÅ»ù ÉÇÝ»É. ~ to saying ÙǨÝáõÛÝ ¿ ûª
equatorial [‚ekwə΄tɔ:riəl] a ѳë³ñ³Ï³ÍÇ, ³ë»É. an ~ sum ѳٳñÅ»ù/ѳٳå³-
ѳë³ñ³Ï³Í³ÛÇÝ: ï³ëË³Ý ·áõÙ³ñ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ binary represen-
equestrian [i΄kwestriən] n, a Ñ»ÍÛ³É, Ódz- tation ѳٳñÅ»ù »ñÏáõ³Ï³Ý Ý»ñϳ-
íáñ: Û³óáõÙ£
equiangular [‚i:kwi΄æŋgjulə] a Ù³Ã. ѳí³- equivocal [i΄kwivəkl] a »ñÏÇÙ³ëï, »ñϹÇ-
ë³ñ³ÝÏÛáõÝ: ÙÇ. ϳëϳͻÉÇ. áã ÙdzÝ߳ݳÏ. an ~ reply
equilateral [‚i:kwi΄lætrəl] a Ù³Ã. ѳí³ë³- Ëáõë³÷áÕ³Ï³Ý å³ï³ë˳Ý:
ñ³ÏáÕÙ: equivoke [΄ekwi‚vəuk] n »ñϹÇÙáõÃÛáõÝ.
equilibrate [‚i:kwi΄laibreit] v ѳí³ë³- μ³é³Ë³Õ:
ñ³Ïßé(í)»É: era [΄iəriə] n ¹³ñ³·ÉáõË, ¹³ñ³ßñç³Ý, ų-
equilibration [‚i:kwilai΄brei∫n] n ѳí³ë³- ٳݳϳßñç³Ý:
ñ³ÏßéáõÙ, ѳí³ë³ñ³ÏßéáõÃÛáõÝ: eradiate [i΄reidieit] v ׳鳷³ÛûÉ:
equilibrist [i:΄kwilibrist] n ɳñ³Ë³Õ³ó: eradiation [i‚reidi΄ei∫n] n ׳鳷³ÛÃáõÙ:
equinox [΄i:kwinɒks] n ·Çß»ñ³Ñ³í³ë³ñ, eradicate [i΄rædikeit] v ³ñÙ³ïáí ѳݻÉ.
ûñ áõ ·Çß»ñ ѳí³ë³ñ: ÷Ëμ. ³ñÙ³ï³ËÇÉ ³Ý»É, áãÝã³óÝ»É:
equip [i΄kwip] v ѳݹ»ñÓ»É. ë³ñù³íáñ»É. eradication [i‚rædi΄kei∫n] n í»ñ³óáõÙ,
ëå³é³½ÇÝ»É. ·Çï»ÉÇù/ÏñÃáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É. be áãÝã³óáõÙ:
well ~ed ³Ù»Ý ÇÝãáí ³å³Ñáíí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. ~ erase [i΄reiz] v çÝç»É, Ù³ùñ»É. ~ from one’s
an expedition ³ñß³í³ËáõÙμ ѳݹ»ñÓ»É. ~ a memory ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝÇó çÝç»É:
factory ·áñͳñ³ÝÁ ë³ñù³íáñ»É. ~ an army eraser [i΄reizə] n é»ïÇÝ (çÝç»Éáõ ѳٳñ):
é½Ù. μ³Ý³ÏÁ ëå³é³½ÇÝ»É. ~ oneself for a ere [eə] prep μÝëï. ÙÇÝã, ݳËù³Ý. ~ night
journey ׳Ù÷áñ¹áõÃÛ³Ý Ý³Ë³å³ïñ³ëï- ݳËù³Ý ·Çß»ñÁ. ~ long ß³ï ã³Ýó³Í, ßáõ-
í»É. be well ~ed to succeed in life μ³í³Ï³Ý ïáí:
·Çï»ÉÇùÝ»ñ áõÝ»Ý³É ÏÛ³Ýùáõ٠ѳçáÕáõ- erect [i΄rekt] a áõÕÇÕ, áõÕճѳ۳ó. sit/stand
ÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ëÝ»Éáõ ѳٳñ: ~ áõÕÇÕ Ýëï»É/ϳݷݻÉ. with head ~ ·ÉáõËÁ
equipment [i΄kwipmənt] n ë³ñù³íáñáõÙ. μ³ñÓñ. with ears ~ ³Ï³ÝçÝ»ñÁ ëñ³Í:
é½Ù. ëå³é³½ÇÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳݹ»ñÓ³Ýù, erect [i΄rekt] v ϳéáõó»É, ϳݷݻóÝ»É. ~ a
ÝÛáõÃ³Ï³Ý Ù³ë. »ñÏÃ. ß³ñÅ³Ï³Ý Ï³½Ù. house ïáõÝ Ï³éáõó»É. ~ a monument Ñáõß³ñ-
erection 291 escape

Ó³Ý Ï³Ý·Ý»óÝ»É. ~ a fence ó³Ýϳå³ï cial ~ Çñ³í. ¹³ï³Ï³Ý ë˳É. trial and ~
μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É: method ÷áñÓÇ ¨ ë˳ÉÇ Ù»Ãá¹. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ bars
erection [i΄rek∫n] n ϳéáõóáõÙ. ï»Ë. ѳí³- ë˳ÉÇ ß»ñï. free ³Ýë˳É. ~ detecting sys-
ùáõÙ, ÙáÝï³Å: tem ëË³É Ñ³Ûïݳμ»ñáÕ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·. ~
Erin [΄erin] n μÝëï. Æéɳݹdz: message ѳÕáñ¹³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ ë˳ÉÇ Ù³ëÇÝ.
ermine [΄ə:min] n ϻݹ. ëåÇï³Ï Ͻ³ùÇë ~ data Ù³ëÇÝ ÇÝýáñÙ³ódz. ~ detecting facil-
(ݳ¨ ÙáñÃÇÝ): ity ë˳ÉÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ûïݳμ»ñÙ³Ý ÙÇçáó. ~
erode [i΄rəud] v áõï»É, Ù³ß»É (ÑÛáõëí³ÍùÁ). value ë˳ÉÇ Ù»ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ stream ë˳É-
ù³Ûù³Û»É, áÕáճٳ߻É. The banks have been Ý»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ Ñ³Õáñ¹³·ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñáëù:
~d ¶»ï³÷Á áÕáÕ³Ù³ßí»É ¿: erudite [΄erudait] a μ³½Ù³·Çï³Ï, Ëáñ³-
erosion [i΄rəuзn] n ù³Ûù³ÛáõÙ, ¿ñá½Ç³: ·Çï³Ï:
erosive [i΄rəusiv] a ù³Ûù³ÛáÕ, Ù³ßáÕ. ù³Û- erudition [‚eru΄di∫n] n μ³½Ù³·Çï³Ïáõ-
ù³ÛÇã: ÃÛáõÝ, Ëáñ³ÑÙïáõÃÛáõÝ. ß³ï ϳñ¹³ó³Í
erotic [i΄rɒtik] a ëÇñ³ÛÇÝ, ï³ñ÷³ÉÇó. ÉÇÝ»ÉÁ:
¿ñáïÇÏ, ¿ñáïÇϳϳÝ: erupt [i΄rΛpt] v ųÛÃù»É (Ññ³μáõË)£
err [ə:] v ë˳Éí»É, ÙáÉáñí»É. To ~ is human eruption [i΄rΛp∫n] n ųÛÃùáõÙ. ³ï³Ù ѳ-
سñ¹Á ëË³É³Ï³Ý ¿. It is better to ~ on gen- Ý»ÉÁ. ~ of laughter ÍÇͳÕÇ åáéÃÏáõÙ:
erous side ²í»ÉÇ É³í ¿ ³í»É í׳ñ»É, ù³Ý escalate [΄eskəleit] v μ³ñÓñ³Ý³É. ëñí»É. Ëá-
ûñ³í׳ñ»É: ñ³Ý³É. Prices are ~ing ¶Ý»ñÁ μ³ñÓñ³ÝáõÙ
errand [΄erənd] n ѳÝÓݳñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. run/ »Ý. The conflict ~d into war гϳٳñ-
go on an ~ ѳÝÓݳñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ϳï³- ïáõÃÛáõÝÁ/ÎáÝýÉÇÏïÁ í»ñ³Íí»ó å³ï»-
ñ»É. send on an ~ ѳÝÓݳñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ áõ- ñ³½ÙÇ:
Õ³ñÏ»É. a fool’s ~ ³ÝÑáõÛë ·áñÍ. run ~s for escalation [‚eskə΄lei∫n] n μ³ñÓñ³óáõÙ, í»-
smn ѳÝÓݳñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ϳï³ñ»É áñ¨¿ ñ³×áõÙ, ëñáõÙ:
Ù»ÏÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ: escalator [΄eskəleitə] n ß³ñųë³Ý¹áõÕù,
errand-boy [΄erəndbɔi] n ѳÝÓݳϳï³ñ ¿ëϳɳïáñ. upward/downward ~ ¹»åÇ í»ñ
ïÕ³: ·Ý³óáÕ/ó³Í ÇçÝáÕ ¿ëϳɳïáñ:
errant [΄erənt] a ó÷³éáÕ, ßñçÙáÉÇÏ, ó- escapade [‚eskə΄peid] n áõñ³Ë ˳Õ. ѳ-
÷³é³ßñçÇÏ. ÙáÉáñí³Í: Ù³ñÓ³Ï ³ñ³ñù. ÷³Ëáõëï μ³ÝïÇó/ϳ-
erratic [i΄rætik] a ë˳É. ³ÝϳÛáõÝ. ³Ýѳë- ɳÝùÇó:
ï³ï. Ë»ÝÃ, ˻ɳé. an ~ pulse ³ÝϳÛáõÝ escape [is΄keip] n ÷³Ëáõëï, ³½³ïáõÙ.
½³ñÏ»ñ³Ï. The weather is very ~ ºÕ³Ý³ÏÁ ÷ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ from shipwreck ÷ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ
ß³ï ³ÝϳÛáõÝ ¿. The watch is a bit ~ ij- ݳí³μ»ÏáõÙÇó. ~ from prison ÷³Ëáõëï
Ù³óáõÛóÁ ÙÇ ÷áùñ ëË³É ¿ ³ß˳ïáõÙ. an ~ μ³ÝïÇó. ~ attempt ÷³ËáõëïÇ ÷áñÓ. There
chap ËëÏó. áã Ñáõë³ÉÇ Ù³ñ¹. ~ visits ³Ýϳ- is no ~ öñÏáõÃÛáõÝ ãϳ. as an ~ from worries
ÛáõÝ Ñ³×³ËáõÙÝ»ñ. ~ work ³Ýѳٳã³÷/ áñå»ë Ëáõë³÷áõÙ/Ùáé³óáõÙ ( Ñá·ë»ñÇó).
³ÝÙdzï»ë³Ï ³ß˳ï³Ýù: have a narrow ~ íï³Ý·Çó Ëáõë³÷»É, Ù³-
erratum [e΄ra:təm] n íñÇå³Ï: ½Çó åñÍÝ»É. (Ñáë³Ïáñáõëï, Ïáñáõëï) an ~
erring [΄ə:riŋ] a ÙáÉáñí³Í: of gas ·³½Ç Ñáëù. an ~ valve ³ñï³ÍÙ³Ý
erroneous [i΄rəuniəs] a ë˳É, ë˳ɳϳÝ, ϳ÷áõÛñ:
ÃÛáõñ. ~ impression/interpretation ëË³É ïå³- escape [is΄keip] v ³½³ïí»É, Ëáõë³÷»É
íáñáõÃÛáõÝ/Ù»Ïݳμ³ÝáõÙ: (íï³Ý·Çó). ÷³Ëã»É. The prisoner ~d ´³Ý-
error [΄erə] n ë˳É, ÙáÉáñáõÃÛáõÝ. a spelling ï³ñÏÛ³ÉÁ ÷³ËáõëïÇ ¹ÇÙ»ó. ~ punishment/
~ áõÕÕ³·ñ³Ï³Ý ë˳É. make/commit an ~ consequences Ëáõë³÷»É å³ïÅÇó/Ñ»-
ëË³É ·áñÍ»É, ÙáÉáñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÁÝÏÝ»É. an ~ 勉ÝùÝ»ñÇó. (íñÇå»É) Nothing ~d his atten-
of judgement ϳñÍÇùÇ Ù»ç ë˳Éí»É. printer’s tion Üñ³ áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÇó áãÇÝã ãíñÇå»ó.
~ íñÇå³Ï. lead into ~ ÙáÉáñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç The details ~d my memory سÝñ³Ù³ëÝ»ñÁ
·ó»É/ÁÝÏÝ»É. be in ~ ÙáÉáñí»É, ÙáÉáñí³Í Ùáé³ó»É »Ù. Your name ~s me àã ÙÇ Ï»ñå
ÉÇÝ»É. vital ~ ׳ϳﳷñ³Ï³Ý ë˳É. judi- ã»Ù ϳñáÕ³ÝáõÙ ÑÇß»É Ó»ñ ³ÝáõÝÁ. It ~d my
escapism 292 estimate

notice ÆÙ áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÇó íñÇå»ó. Gas is law ûñ»Ýùáí ѳëï³ï»É. ~ relations/connec-


~ing ¶³½Á ¹áõñë ¿ ÑáëáõÙ: tions ѳñ³μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ/ϳå»ñ ѳë-
escapism [is΄keipiz(ə)m] n ¿ëϳåǽÙ. ï³ï»É. ~ an organization ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõ-
Ñá·»μ. ÷³Ëáõëï Çñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÇó; ÃÛáõÝ ÑÇÙÝ»É. ~ order ϳñ· áõ ϳÝáÝ Ñ³ë-
escarp [is΄ka:p] n é½Ù. ½³éÇí»ñ³Ï, ¿ë- ï³ï»É. ~ the truth/the cause of death/smb’s
ϳñå: guilt ×ßÙ³ñïáõÃÛáõÝÁ/Ù³Ñí³Ý å³ï-
eschew [is΄t∫u:] v Ëáõë³÷»É, ËáõÛë ï³É, ׳éÁ/Ù»ÏÇ Ù»ÕùÁ å³ñ½»É. (ï»Õ³íáñí»É)
½·áõ߳ݳÉ: We are well ~ed in our new house Ø»Ýù
escort [΄eskɔ:t] n áõÕ»ÏóáõÙ, áõÕ»Ïóáñ¹, é½Ù. ѳñÙ³ñ ï»Õ³íáñí»É »Ýù Ù»ñ Ýáñ ï³ÝÁ.
å³Ñ³Ï³ËáõÙμ. under police ~ áëïÇϳÝáõ- ~ed as editor of a newspaper ³ß˳ï»É áñå»ë
ÃÛ³Ý/å³Ñ³Ï³ËÙμÇ ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ/áõÕ»Ï- ûñÃÇ ËÙμ³·Çñ. The roses are well ~ed
óáõÃÛ³Ùμ: ì³ñ¹»ñÁ ɳí Ïå»É »Ý:
escort [is΄kɔ:t] v áõÕ»Ïó»É, ׳ݳå³ñÑ ¹Ý»É. established [is΄tæbli∫t] a ׳ݳãí³Í, ѳë-
~ home ïáõÝ ×³Ý³å³ñÑ»É: ï³ïí³Í, ÁݹáõÝí³Í:
Eskimo [΄eskiməu] n, a ¿ëÏÇÙáë, ¿ëÏÇÙáë³- establishment [i΄stæbli∫mənt] n ÑÇÙÝáõÙ,
ϳÝ. ÑÇÙݳ¹ñáõÙ. ѳëï³ïáõÙ. ѳëï³ïáõ-
especial [is΄pe∫l] a ѳïáõÏ, Ù³ëݳíáñ. a ÃÛáõÝ, ³ÝÓݳϳ½Ù. a scientific ~ ·Çï³Ï³Ý
matter of ~ importance ѳïáõÏ Ï³ñ¨áñáõ- ѳëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝ. a research ~ ·Çï³Ñ»ï³-
ÃÛ³Ý ·áñÍ. for smn’s ~ benefit ѳïáõÏ ÇÝã- ½áï³Ï³Ý ѳëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝ. the E~ å»ï³-
áñ Ù»ÏÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. å³ñ³ï. Çß˳ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ· ¨ ³ÝÓ-
especially [is΄pe∫li] adv ѳïϳå»ë, ·É˳- ݳϳ½Ù. They keep (up) a large ~ Üñ³Ýù Ù»Í
íáñ³å»ë. the more ~ as ٳݳí³Ý¹, áñ: ³ÝÓݳϳ½Ù áõÝ»Ý. peace/war ~ é½Ù. ˳-
espionage [‚espiə΄na:з] n Éñï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ. in- Õ³Õ/å³ï»ñ³½Ù³Ï³Ý ųٳݳÏÇ ³ÝÓ-
dustrial ~ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳμ»ñ³Ï³Ý Éñï»ëáõÃáõÝ: ݳϳ½Ù:
esplanade [‚esplə΄neid] n ½μáë³í³Ûñ. ͳ- estate [i΄steit] n ϳÉí³Íù/áõÝ»óí³Íù. ·áõÛù,
éáõÕÇÝ»ñáí åáÕáï³: ë»÷³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. a large ~ Ù»Í Ï³Éí³Íù.
espouse [is΄pauz] v ³ÙáõëÝ³Ý³É (ÏÇÝ ³é- real ~ ³Ýß³ñÅ ·áõÛù. real ~ agency ³Ýß³ñÅ
Ý»É, Ù³ñ¹áõ ·Ý³É): ·áõÛùÇ ·áñͳϳÉáõÃÛáõÝ. housing ~ (devel-
espy [i΄spai] v ÝßÙ³ñ»É, ï»ëÝ»É. Ñ»éíÇó opment) ³Ù³é³Ýáó³ÛÇÝ ³í³Ý. personal ~
ѳÛïݳμ»ñ»É: ß³ñÅ³Ï³Ý ·áõÛù. ~ car ËëÏó. áõÝÇí»ñë³É
esquire [is΄kwaiə] n å³ñáÝ, ¿ëùí³Ûñ: Ù»ù»Ý³:
essay [΄esei] n ³ÏݳñÏ, áõñí³·ÇÍ. ÷áñÓ, esteem [i΄sti:m] n ѳñ·³Ýù. hold smb in ~
ç³Ýù: ѳñ·»É Ù»ÏÇÝ, ѳñ·³Ýù ï³Í»É. be held in
essayist [΄eseiist] n ³Ïݳñϳ·Çñ: ~ ѳñ·³Ýù í³Û»É»É:
essence [΄esns] n ¿áõÃÛáõÝ. esteem [i΄sti:m] v ѳñ·»É, ٻͳñ»É. I’d ~ it a
essential [i΄sen∫l] n ¿³Ï³Ý, ϳñ¨áñ, ÑÇÙݳ- favour ºë ¹³ Ù»Í ëÇñ³ÉÇñáõÃÛáõÝ/ßÝáñÑ
ϳÝ. an ~ condition ϳñ¨áñ/ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý å³Û- Ïѳٳñ»Ç:
Ù³Ý. an ~ difference ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ï³ñμ»ñáõ- estimable [΄estiməbl] a ѳñ·³ñųÝ, å³ï-
ÃÛáõÝ. ~ rights ³Ýϳåï»ÉÇ Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñ. í³ñųÝ:
the ~s μáÉáñ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï μ³Ý»ñÁ. ~ goods estimate [΄estimət] n ·Ý³Ñ³ïáõÙ. form an ~
³é³çÇÝ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõÃÛ³Ý ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñ. ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É. my ~ is ÇÙ ·Ý³Ñ³ïÙ³Ùμ. (ݳ-
It is ~ ²ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿: ˳ѳßÇí) an ~ for building costs ß»ÝùÇ Ï³-
essentiality [i‚sen∫i΄æləti] n ¿áõÃÛáõÝ. ¿³Ï³- éáõóÙ³Ý Ý³Ë³Ñ³ßÇí. give an ~ Ùáï³íáñ
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: ݳ˳ѳßÇíÁ ï³É:
essentially [i΄sen∫li] adv ¿³å»ë, Çñ³å»ë, estimate [΄estimeit] v ѳٳñ»É. ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É.
¿³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý: ݳ˳ѳßÇí ϳ½Ù»É. ~ the value ³ñÅ»ùÁ
establish [i΄stæbli˜] v ÑÇÙÝ»É, ÑÇÙݳ¹ñ»É, ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É. be ~d a good painter ßÝáñѳÉÇ
ѳëï³ï»É. ~ a business μǽݻë ÑÇÙÝ»É. The ÝϳñÇã ѳٳñí»É. ~ the rebuilding ϳ½Ù»É
firm was ~ed üÇñÙ³Ý ÑÇÙݳ¹ñí»É ¿. ~ by í»ñ³Ï³éáõóÙ³Ý Ý³Ë³Ñ³ßÇíÁ:
estimation 293 evanescent

estimation [‚esti΄mei∫n] n ·Ý³Ñ³ïáõÙ, ÃÛáõÝ:


ϳñÍÇù. ѳßí³ñÏáõÙ. the ~ of the situation etiquette [΄etiket] n í³ñí»É³Ï³ñ·, ÝÇëïáõ-
Çñ³íÇ׳ÏÇ ·Ý³Ñ³ïáõÙÁ. sink in one’s ~ ϳó, ¿ÃÇÏ»ï. μ³ñáÛ³·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ:
ѳñ·³ÝùÁ ÏáñóÝ»É. in my ~ Ç٠ϳñÍÇùáí. etymologic(al) [‚etimə΄lɒdзik(l)] a ëïáõ·³-
hold in ~ ѳñ·»É: μ³Ý³Ï³Ý:
estimator [΄estimeitə] n ·Ý³Ñ³ïáÕ: etymology [‚eti΄mɒlədзi] n ëïáõ·³μ³Ýáõ-
estrange [i΄streindз] v Ñ»é³óÝ»É. ûï³ñ»É, ÃÛáõÝ:
ûï³ñ³óÝ»É. be ~d from the family ÁÝï³ÝÇ- eulogy [΄ju:lədзi] n ·áí³ë³Ý³Ï³Ý ׳é,
ùÇó ûï³ñí»É: Ý»ñμáÕ:
estrangement [i΄streindзmənt] n ûï³ñáõÙ, eunuch [΄ju:nək] n Ý»ñùÇÝÇ:
ûï³ñ³óáõÙ. This caused ~ between them ¸³ euphemism [΄ju:fə‚miz(ə)m] n É»½í. Ù»ÕÙ³-
ûï³ñ³óáõÙ ³é³ç³óñ»ó Ýñ³Ýó ÙÇç¨: ëáõÃÛáõÝ, ¿íý»ÙǽÙ:
estuary [΄estjuri] n ·»ï³Ëáñß, ·»ï³μ»- euphony [΄ju:fəni] n μ³ñ»ÑÝãáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
ñ³Ý: EU, European Union [‚juərə΄pi:ən
et cetera, etcetera [et΄setrə] ɳï. ¨ ³ÛÉÝ. ΄ju:njən] n ºíñáѳٳÛÝù. ~ council »íñá-
n pl ~s Ùݳó³ÍÝ»ñÁ, μáÉáñ Ùݳó³Í ËáñÑáõñ¹. ~ monetary system »íñáå³Ï³Ý
μ³Ý»ñÁ: ³ñÅáõóÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·: Euro-currency
etch [et∫] v ÷áñ³·ñ»É, ϻﳷͻÉ: (euro) »íñá³ñÅáõÛà (»íñá):
etcher [΄et∫ə] n ÷áñ³·ñáÕ, ûýáñïÇëï: euro [΄juərəu] n »íñá (»íñáå³Ï³Ý Áݹѳ-
etching [΄et∫iŋ] n ÷áñ³·ñ³Ýϳñ, ûýáñï: Ýáõñ ¹ñ³Ù³Ï³Ý Ùdzíáñ):
eternal [i΄tə:nl] a ѳí»ñÅ/³Ï³Ý/, ³Ý÷á- European [‚juərə΄pi:ən] n »íñáå³óÇ, »í-
÷áË. ³Ýí»ñç(³Ý³ÉÇ). ~ questions/complaints ñáå³Ï³Ý:
ËëÏó. ³Ýí»ñç³Ý³ÉÇ Ñ³ñó»ñ/μáÕáùÝ»ñ: euthanasia [‚ju:θə΄neiziə] n ¿íóݳ½Ç³,
eternalize [i΄tə:nəlaiz] v ѳí»ñųóÝ»É: ó³í³½áõñÏ Ù³Ñ. active ~ ³ÏïÇí ¿íóݳ-
eternally [i΄tə:n(ə)li] adv ѳí»ñÅáñ»Ý, ½Ç³. passive ~ å³ëëÇí ¿íóݳ½Ç³. volun-
ÙÇßï, ³ÝÁݹѳï. ~ tell the same stories tary ~ ϳٳíáñ ¿íóݳ½Ç³. non-voluntary
³Ýí»ñç/³ÝÁݹѳï ÝáõÛÝ å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝÝ»- ~ áã ϳٳíáñ ¿íóݳ½Ç³:
ñÁ å³ïÙ»É: evacuate [i΄vækjueit] v ¿í³Ïáõ³óÝ»É. ï³-
eternity [i΄tə:nəti] n ѳí»ñÅáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳíÇ- ñ³Ñ³Ý»É. ~ soldiers ½áñù»ñÁ ¹áõñë ѳݻÉ.
ï»Ý³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. wait an ~ ËëÏó. ÙÇ Ñ³- The town was ~d ø³Õ³ùÇ μݳÏãáõÃÛáõÝÁ
í»ñÅáõÃÛáõÝ ëå³ë»É: ¿í³Ïáõ³óí»ó:
ether [΄i:θə] n ýǽ., ùÇÙ. »Ã»ñ. ËëÏó. é³¹Çá, evacuation [i‚vækju΄ei∫n] n ¿í³Ïáõ³óáõÙ.
Ñ»éáõëï³óáõÛó: ½áñù»ñÇ ¹áõñë μ»ñáõÙ:
ethereal [i΄θiəriəl] a »Ã»ñ³ÛÇÝ, ûè, ³Ýϳ- evacue(e) [i‚vækj΄i:] n ¿í³Ïáõ³óí³Í/¿í³-
ÛáõÝ£
Ïáõ³óíáÕ Ù³ñ¹/ÏÇÝ:
ethereality [i‚θiəri΄æliti] n »Ã»ñ³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ, evade [i΄veid] v ËáõÛë ï³É, Ëáõë³÷»É. ~ a
ûèáõÃÛáõÝ:
blow/question ËáõÛë ï³É ѳñí³ÍÇó. Ëáõ-
ethic(al) [΄eθik(l)] a μ³ñá۳ϳÝ, μ³ñáÛ³- ë³÷»É ѳñóÇó, ³Ýï»ë»É ѳñóÁ. ~ paying
·Çï³Ï³Ý. ¿ÃÇϳϳÝ. ~ drugs ¹»Õ³ïáÙ-
debts ßñç³Ýó»É å³ñïù»ñÇ í׳ñáõÙÁ. ~
ëáí ïñíáÕ ¹»Õ»ñ:
military service μ³Ý³ÏÇó/ͳé³Û»Éáõó ËáõÛë
ethics [΄eθiks] n pl μ³ñáÛ³·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ, μ³- ï³É:
ñá۳ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ¿ÃÇϳ: study ~ μ³ñáÛ³·Ç-
ïáõÃÛáõÝ áõëáõÙݳëÇñ»É. professional ~
evaluate [i΄væljueit] v ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É. Ù³Ã.
Ãí»ñáí ³ñï³Ñ³Ûï»É:
Ù³ëݳ·Çï³Ï³Ý ¿ÃÇϳ. Christian ~ ùñÇë-
ïáÝ»³Ï³Ý μ³ñá۳ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
evaluation [i‚vælju΄ei∫n] n ·Ý³Ñ³ïáõÙ. job
~ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ ·Ý³Ñ³ïáõÙ. self ~ ÇÝùݳ-
ethnic(al) [΄eθnik(al)], a ¿ÃÝáëÇ, ¿ÃÝÇϳ-
ϳÝ: ·Ý³Ñ³ïáõÙ:
ethnographica(al) [‚eθnə΄græfik(l)] a ³½- evanescent [‚evə΄nesnt] a í³Õ³ÝóáõÏ, ³Ý-
·³·ñ³Ï³Ý: óáÕÇÏ. Ù³Ã. ³Ýë³ÑÙ³Ý ÷áùñ:
ethnography [eθ΄nɒgrəfi] n ³½·³·ñáõ- evangelical [i‚væn΄dзelikl] a ³í»ï³ñ³ÝÇ,
evangelical 294 event

³í»ï³ñ³Ý³Ï³Ý: today ²Ûëûñ ÝáõÛÝÇëÏ ³í»ÉÇ óáõñï ¿. ½áõÛ·


evangelist [i΄vændзəlist] n ³í»ï³ñ³Ý³- (áã Ï»Ýï) ~ numbers ½áõÛ· Ãí»ñ. ~ as Ñ»Ýó.
Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³ÛÝùÇ ³Ý¹³Ù. ßñçÇÏ ù³ñá½Çã: ~ as he spoke Ñ»Ýó ³ÛÝ å³ÑÇÝ, »ñμ ݳ
evaporate [i΄væpəreit] v ·áÉáñßdzݳÉ, ËáëáõÙ ¿ñ:
·áÉáñßdzóÝ»É. Water ~s in the sun ²ñ¨Ç ï³Ï even [΄i:vn] v ѳí³ë³ñ»óÝ»É, ѳßÇíÝ»ñ
çáõñÁ ·áÉáñßdzÝáõÙ ¿. ÷Ëμ. ãù³Ý³É, ï»ëÝ»É. ~ the scores ѳßÇíÁ ѳí³-
³ÝÑ»ï³Ý³É. His hopes soon ~d Þáõïáí Ýñ³ ë³ñ»óÝ»É. ~ out payments í׳ñáõÙÝ»ñÁ ѳ-
ÑáõÛë»ñÁ ãù³ó³Ý: í³ë³ñ»óÝ»É. ~ things up íÇ׳ÏÁ áõÕ-
evaporation [i‚væpə΄rei∫n] n ·áÉáñßdzóáõÙ, Õ»É/ѳñûÉ:
ßá·Ç³óáõÙ: even-handed [‚i:vn΄hændid] a ³ñ¹³ñ³-
evasion [i΄veiзn] n Ëáõë³÷áõÙ. ßñç³ÝóáõÙ. ¹³ï, ³Ý³ã³é, ³ÝÏáÕÙݳϳÉ:
tax ~ Ëáõë³÷»É ѳñÏ»ñÁ í׳ñ»Éáõó. ~ of evening [΄i:vniŋ] n »ñ»Ïá. in the ~ »ñ»ÏáÛ³Ý.
the law ûñ»ÝùÇ ßñç³ÝóáõÙ. His answer was good ~ μ³ñÇ »ñ»Ïá. tomorrow/this/on Friday
just an ~ Üñ³ å³ï³ë˳ÝÁ å³ñ½³å»ë ~ í³ÕÁ/³Ûë/áõñμ³Ã »ñ»Ïá. beautiful/rainy/
Ëáõë³Ñݳñù ¿ñ: the whole ~ ·»Õ»óÇÏ/³ÝÓñ¨³ÛÇÝ/³ÙμáÕç
evasive [i΄veisiv] a Ëáõë³÷áճϳÝ, ³Ýáñ- »ñ»Ïá. work ~s »ñ»ÏáÛ³Ý ³ß˳ï»É. let’s
ë³ÉÇ. an ~ reply Ëáõë³÷áÕ³Ï³Ý å³ï³ë- make an ~ of it ºÏ»ù »ñ»ÏáÛ³Ý ÙÇ ï»Õ
˳Ý. ~ action é½Ù. Ëáõë³÷áÕ³Ï³Ý ï³Ï- ·Ý³Ýù. ~ paper »ñ»ÏáÛ³Ý Éñ³·Çñ. ~ classes
ïÇϳ: »ñ»ÏáÛ³Ý ¹³ëÁÝóóÝ»ñ. ~ dress »ñ»ÏáÛ³Ý
eve [i:v] n ݳËûñÛ³Ï. on the ~ (of) ݳËûñÛ³- ½·»ëï. ~ party »ñ»ÏáõÛÃ:
ÏÇÝ. New Year’s ~ Ýáñ ï³ñí³ Ý³ËûñÛ³Ï. evenly [΄i:vnli] adv ѳí³ë³ñ³ã³÷. divide
Christmas ~ ×ñ³·³ÉáõÛó, óóËáõÙ: ~ ѳí³ë³ñ³ã³÷ μ³ßË»É. The two teams
even [΄i:vn] a ѳñÃ, ѳٳѳí³ë³ñ, ѳٳ- are ~ matched ºñÏáõ ÃÇÙ»ñÇ áõÅ»ñÁ ѳ-
ã³÷. ~ surface ѳñà ٳϻñ»ë. ~ temperature í³ë³ñ »Ý (ѳñÃ, ѳݹ³ñï) sew ~ ѳñÃ/
ѳí³ë³ñ ç»ñÙ³ëïÇ׳Ý. ~ breathing/pulse ѳí³ë³ñ ϳñ»É. answer ~ ѳݹ³ñï/ѳÝ-
ѳٳã³÷ ßÝã³éáõÃÛáõÝ/½³ñÏ»ñ³Ï. an ~ ·Çëï Ó³ÛÝáí å³ï³ë˳ݻÉ:
voice ѳݹ³ñï Ó³ÛÝ. a man of ~ temper ѳ- even-minded [‚i:vn΄maindid] a ѳí³ë³-
í³ë³ñ³Ïßéí³Í Ù³ñ¹. an ~ pace ѳٳѳ- ñ³Ïßéí³Í:
í³ë³ñ ù³ÛÉ»ñ. an ~ distribution ѳí³ë³- event [i΄vent] n Çñ³¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝ, ¹»åù. hap-
ñ³ã³÷ μ³ßËáõÙ. His work is very ~ ܳ ß³ï py/sad/important ~ »ñç³ÝÇÏ/ïËáõñ/ϳñ¨áñ
ѳٳã³÷ ¿ ³ß˳ïáõÙ. (ѳí³ë³ñ) ~ Çñ³¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝ. current ~s ÁÝóóÇÏ ¹»å-
shares ѳí³ë³ñ μ³ÅÇÝ. an ~ match Ùñ½. ù»ñ. mark/celebrate the ~ Çñ³¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝÁ
(˳ÕáõÙ) ѳϳé³Ïáñ¹ áõÅ»ñÇ Ñ³í³ë³- Ýß»É/ïáÝ»É. course of ~s Çñ³¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝ-
ñáõÃÛáõÝ. The score is ~ гßÇíÁ ѳí³ë³ñ ¿. Ý»ñÇ ÁÝóóù/ßÕó. the main/chief ~s ·É˳-
get/be~ with smn Ù»ÏÇ Ñ»ï ѳßÇíÁ ï»ëÝ»É/ íáñ/ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý Çñ³¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ. That
Ù³ùñ»É. That makes us ~ ÐÇÙ³ Ù»Ýù ùíÇà was quite an ~! ¸³ ÙÇ ³ÙμáÕç Çñ³¹³ñÓáõ-
»Ýù. ~ money ѳí³ë³ñ ÷áÕ. ÑÙÏñ·. ½áõÛ·. ÃÛáõÝ ¿ñ. in the ~ of »Ã». in any/either ~ ³Ù»Ý
~ parity check ½áõÛ·áõÃÛ³Ý ëïáõ·áõÙ. ~ func- ¹»åùáõÙ, ÇÝã ¿É áñ ÉÇÝÇ. at all ~s μáÉáñ ¹»å-
tion ½áõÛ· ýáõÝÏódz. ~ numbered ½áõÛ· ù»ñáõÙ. be wise/brave after the ~ Ñ»ïÇÝ
ѳٳñáí: Ùïùáí ˻ɳóÇ ÉÇÝ»É. Ùñ½. ÙñóáõÛÃ, ÙñóáõÙ-
even [΄i:vn] adv ÝáõÛÝÇëÏ. He didn’t ~ look up Ý»ñ field and track ~s ûè ³ÃÉ»ïÇϳÛÇ
ܳ ÝáõÛÝÇëÏ ·ÉáõËÁ/³ãù»ñÁ ãμ³ñÓñ³óñ»ó. ÙñóáõÙÝ»ñ. In what ~s are you competing? à±ñ
It snowed ~ in July ÜáõÛÝÇëÏ ÑáõÉÇëÇÝ ÓÛáõÝ Ù³ñ½³Ó¨»ñÇó »ù Ùñó»Éáõ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ algebra
»Ï³í. ~ if »Ã» ÝáõÛÝÇëÏ. ~ though û¨. ~ so Çñ³¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ýñ³Ñ³ßÇí. ~ def-
¨ ³ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí. ÙǨÝáõÛÝ ¿. E~ so one inition language Çñ³¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ë³Ñ-
can use it ØǨÝáõÛÝ ¿ª ³ÛÝ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ¿ Ù³ÝÙ³Ý É»½áõ. ~ processing Çñ³¹³ñ-
û·ï³·áñÍ»É. (ÝáõÛÝÇëÏ ³í»ÉÇ) He ran ~ ÓáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ùß³ÏáõÙ. ~ time Çñ³¹³ñ-
faster ܳ ÝáõÛÝÇëÏ ³í»ÉÇ ³ñ³· í³½»ó. and ÓáõÃÛ³Ý ³ÏïÇí³óÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÁ:
~ worse ¨ ÝáõÛÝÇëÏ ³í»ÉÇ í³ï. It’s ~ colder eventful [i΄ventfl] a Çñ³¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí
eventful 295 evidence

ÉÇ/ѳñáõëï. an ~ day Çñ³¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝÝ»- save ~ penny ËÝ³Û»É Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ å»Ý-


ñáí ÉÇ ûñ. ~ life ÉdzñÅ»ù ÏÛ³Ýù: ÝÇ/Ïáå»Ï/¹ñ³Ù, in ~ possible way Ûáõñ³-
eventless [i΄ventləs] a ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý, ÙÇûñÇ- ù³ÝãÛáõñ Ñݳñ³íáñ Ó¨áí. ~ success ³Ù»Ý
ݳÏ. Çñ³¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó ½áõñÏ: (³ÛÝ) ѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. with ~ good wish ɳí³-
eventual [i΄vent∫uəl] a Ñݳñ³íáñ, í»ñç- ·áõÛÝ ó³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí. have ~ reason μá-
ݳϳÝ. ~ failure ѳí³Ý³Ï³Ý Ó³ËáÕáõÙ/ Éáñ å³ï׳éÝ»ñÝ áõݻݳÉ. ~ now and again/
³ÝѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. the ~ success í»ñçÝ³Ï³Ý then Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ³é ųٳݳÏ, ß³ñáõݳÏ. ~
ѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ: one (of them) Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñÁ (Ýñ³ÝóÇó). ~
eventuality [i‚vent∫u΄æləti] n Ñݳñ³íáñ other day ûñ áõ Ù»ç. ~ single one of us Ù»Ýù
¹»åù. å³ï³Ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ in the ~ ³ÛÝ ³Ù»Ý Ù»Ïë. She’s ~ bit as good ܳ ÝáõÛÝù³Ý
¹»åùáõÙ. in the ~ of »Ã», ³ÛÝ ¹»åùáõÙ. be ɳíÝ ¿:
ready for any ~ ³Ù»Ý ÇÝãÇÝ/å³ï³Ñ³Ï³Ýáõ- everybody [΄evribɒdi] prn ³Ù»Ý áù. μáÉá-
ÃÛ³Ý å³ïñ³ëï ÉÇÝ»É: ñÁ, ³Ù»ÝÁ. E~ knows this ´áÉáñÝ ³Û¹ ·Çï»Ý.
eventually [i΄vent∫uəli] adv í»ñçÇí»ñçá, Not ~ can do this àã ³Ù»Ý áù ϳñáÕ ¿ ë³
í»ñçÇÝ Ñ³ßíáí. We ~ had to agree ì»ñçÇ- ³Ý»É:
í»ñçá Ù»Ýù ëïÇåí³Í ¿ÇÝù ѳٳӳÛÝí»É: everyday [΄evridei] a ³Ù»ÝûñÛ³, ëáíáñ³-
eventuate [i΄vent∫ueit] v í»ñç³Ý³É, ³ñ¹- ϳÝ, ³éûñÛ³. ~ occurence/matters, affairs ëá-
ÛáõÝù áõݻݳÉ. å³ï³Ñ»É, ³é³ç ·³É: íáñ³Ï³Ý/³éûñÛ³ »ñ¨áõÛÃ/·áñÍ»ñ. ~ clothes
ever [΄evə] adv »ñμ¨¿, »ñμ¨Çó». Have you ~ ³éûñÛ³/ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý ѳ·áõëï:
met before? ¸áõù Ýñ³Ý »ñμ¨¿ ï»ë»±É »ù. everyone [΄evriwΛn] prn ³Ù»Ý Ù»ÏÁ:
Nothing ~ happens here ²Ûëï»Õ »ñμ»ù áã ÙÇ everything [΄evriθiŋ] n ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã/μ³Ý:
μ³Ý ãÇ å³ï³ÑáõÙ. ~ and anon Å³Ù³Ý³Ï everyway [΄evriwei] adv ³Ù»Ý áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ.
³é ųٳݳÏ. hardly ~ ѳ½Çí û »ñμ¨¿, ³Ù»Ý ï»ë³Ï»ïÇó, μáÉáñ ¹»åù»ñáõÙ:
·ñ»Ã» »ñμ»ù. for ~ ÁݹÙÇßï. ~ after/since everywhere [΄evriweə] adv ³Ù»Ýáõñ»ù,
³ÛÝ Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÇó Ç í»ñ. if ~ »Ã» ÁݹѳÝñ³- ³Ù»Ý ï»Õ. here, there and ~ ³Ûëï»Õ,
å»ë/»ñμ¨¿. You look younger than ~ ¸áõù ³ÛÝï»Õ ¨ ³Ù»Ýáõñ, ³Ûëï»Õ ¨ ³Ù»Ýáõñ»ù.
ß³ï »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹ ï»ëù áõÝ»ù. as ~ áñù³Ý ~ in England ²Ý·ÉdzÛáõÙ ³Ù»Ýáõñ»ù:
Ñݳñ³íáñ ¿. be as quick as ~ ßï³å»É evict [i΄vikt] v íï³ñ»É, ¹áõñë ³Ý»É, ³ñï³ù-
áñù³Ý Ñݳñ³íáñ ¿. ~ so ß³ï. It is ~ so ë»É. The tenants were ~ed for ´Ý³ÏÇãÝ»ñÇÝ
much easier ê³ ß³ï ³í»ÉÇ Ñ»ßï ¿. I’m colder ¹áõñë ³ñ»óÇÝ (μݳϳñ³ÝÇó):
than ~ ºë ë³ëïÇÏ ÙñëáõÙ »Ù. (ÙÇßï) He is ~ eviction [i΄vik∫n] n íï³ñáõÙ. ~ order íï³ñ-
ready to help ܳ ÙÇßï å³ïñ³ëï ¿ û·Ý»É. Ù³Ý Ññ³Ù³Ý:
Who ~ told you that? à±í ϳñáÕ ¿ñ ù»½ ³Û¹ evidence [΄evidəns] n íϳÛáõÃÛáõÝ, ÑÇÙù,
³ë»É. Where ~ have I put that? àñï»±Õ Ï³ñáÕ ÷³ëï, ïíÛ³É. historical/archeological ~
»Ù ³ÛÝ ¹ñ³Í ÉÇÝ»É. He’s ~ so rich ܳ å³ïٳϳÝ/Ñݳ·Çï³Ï³Ý íϳÛáõÃÛáõÝ/
³ÛÝù³Ý ѳñáõëï ¿: ÷³ëï. little/much ~ for tÑinking Ùï³Í»Éáõ
everglade [΄evəgleid] n ³Ù. ׳Ñ×áï í³Ûñ: ùÇã/ß³ï ÑÇÙù. More ~ is needed ²í»ÉÇ ß³ï
evergreen [΄evəgri:n] n, a Ùßï³¹³É³ñ ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ »Ý å³Ñ³ÝçíáõÙ. Çñ³í. ѳÝ-
μáõÛë. Ùßï³¹³É³ñ: ó³Ýß³Ý, íϳÛáõÃÛáõÝ, ³å³óáõÛó. uncorrob-
everlasting [‚evə΄la:stiŋ] n, a ѳíÇï»Ý³- orated ~ ãÑÇÙݳíáñí³Í ³å³óáõÛóÝ»ñ. cir-
ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ. μëμ. ³ÝÙ»éáõÏ (ͳÕÇÏ). ѳ- cumstancial ~ ³ÝáõÕÕ³ÏÇ/ÏáÕÙݳÏÇ Ñ³Ý-
í»ñųϳÝ. ~ complaints ËëÏó. ѳí»ñÅ μá- ó³Ýß³Ý. direct ~ áõÕÕ³ÏÇ Ñ³Ýó³Ýß³Ý. in-
ÕáùÝ»ñ: direct ~ ³ÝáõÕÕ³ÏÇ íϳÛáõÃÛáõÝ. cumulative
evermore [‚evə΄mɔ:] adv ÙÇßï, ÁݹÙÇßï. ~ Éñ³óáõóÇã íϳÛáõÃÛáõÝ/³å³óáõÛó. pre-
ѳíÇïÛ³Ý. for ~ ÁݹÙÇßï: sumptive ~ »Ýó¹ñ³Ï³Ý ѳÝó³Ýß³Ý. ad-
every [΄evri] a Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ, ³Ù»Ý ÙÇ. ~ missable ~ ÁݹáõÝ»ÉÇ íϳÛáõÃÛáõÝ. medical ~
man/family/morning ³Ù»Ý, Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ μÅßÏ³Ï³Ý ³å³óáõÛó. real ~ Çñ»Õ»Ý ³å³-
Ù³ñ¹/ÁÝï³ÝÇù/³é³íáï. ~ time ³Ù»Ý ³Ý- óáõÛó. bear ~ of sufferings ï³é³å³ÝùÇ Ñ»ï-
·³Ù. hear ~ word Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ μ³é Éë»É. ù»ñ Ïñ»É. be nowhere in ~ ÷Ëμ. áã ÙÇ ï»Õ
evident 296 examination

ã»ñ¨³É. be very much in ~ ÷Ëμ. ³Ù»Ý ï»Õ ³ÙáõëÇÝÁ:


»ñ¨³É: exacerbate [ig΄zæsəbeit] v ëñ»É, ë³ëïϳó-
evident [΄evidənt] a ³ÏÝѳÛï, ³ÏÝ»ñ¨, Ý»É. ·ñ·é»É, ½³Ûñ³óÝ»É:
å³ñ½. ~ pride/disgust/proof ³ÏÝѳÛï Ñå³ñ- exact [ig΄zækt] a ×Çßï, ×ß·ñÇï, ëïáõÛ·. ~
ïáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ÏÝ»ñ¨/ãóùóñ³Í ½½í³Ýù. ³Ý- meaning/size ×ß·ñÇï ÇÙ³ëïÁ. ×Çßï ã³÷ëÁ.
Ñ»ñù»ÉÇ ³å³óáõÛó: ~ memory ɳí ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ translation
evidential [‚evi΄den∫l] a ³ÏÝѳÛï, μ³ó³- ×ß·ñÇï/ëïáõÛ· óñ·Ù³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
ѳÛï, ³å³óáõóÇã: exact [ig΄zækt] v å³Ñ³Ýç»É. ·³ÝÓ»É. ѳñ-
evil [΄i:vl] n ã³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ã³ñÇù. good and ~ ϳ¹ñ»É. ~ concessions/an apology ½ÇçáõÙ/ Ý»-
μ³ñÇù ¨ ã³ñÇù. think ~ of smb Ù»ÏÇ Ù³ëÇÝ ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ å³Ñ³Ýç»É. ~ taxes ѳñÏ»ñ
í³ï Ùï³Í»É. the greatest ~ ³Ù»Ý³Ù»Í ã³- ·³ÝÓ»É:
ñÇùÁ. speak ~ ã³ñ³Ëáë»É. return good for ~ exacting [ig΄zæktiŋ] a ËÇëï, Ëëï³å³-
ã³ñÁ μ³ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ ѳïáõó»É. the lesser of ѳÝç. ɳñí³Í, ¹Åí³ñ. an ~ supervisor
two ~s ã³ñÇùÝ»ñÇó ÷áùñ³·áõÛÝÁ. (³ñ³ï) Ëëï³å³Ñ³Ýç/å³Ñ³ÝçÏáï í»ñ³ÑëÏÇã. ~
fight the ~s å³Ûù³ñ»É ³ñ³ïÝ»ñÇ ¹»Ù. lead work ɳñí³Í/ͳÝñ ³ß˳ï³Ýù:
a life of ~ ³ñ³ï³íáñ ÏÛ³Ýù í³ñ»É: exaction [ig΄zæk∫n] n ѳٳé å³Ñ³Ýç,
evil [΄i:vl] a ã³ñ, ã³ñ³Ï³Ù, ã³ñ³ÙÇï. ~ ѳñëï³Ñ³ñáõÙ:
tongue/person/spirits ã³ñ/É»½áõ/á·ÇÝ»ñ in an exactitude [ig΄zæktitju:d] n ×ß·ñïáõÃÛáõÝ,
~ manner ã³ñ Ó¨áí, ã³ñáñ»Ý. (ã³ñ³·áõ- ×ßï³å³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ:
ß³Ï) ~ sign ã³ñ³·áõß³Ï Ýß³Ý. the ~ hour exactly [ig΄zæktli] adv ×Çßï, ×Çßï ³Û¹å»ë.
ã³ñ³·áõß³Ï/ã³ñ ųÙÇÝ. the ~ eye ã³ñ ³ãù. áõÕÇÕ. ³Ûá, ³Û¹å»ë ¿. Ùdzݷ³Ù³ÛÝ ×Çßï ¿.
give smb the ~ eye Ù»ÏÇÝ ³ãùáí ï³É. an ~ weigh ~ ×ß·ñÇï/Ù³ùáõñ ù³ß. at 5 ~ áõÕÇÕ
doer ã³ñ·áñÍ, Ù»Õë³·áñÍ, Ù»Õ³íáñ. have ųÙÇ 5 –ÇÝ. That’s ~ what I wanted ¸³ Ñ»Ýó
³ÛÝ ¿, ÇÝã »ë áõ½áõÙ ¿Ç. The dress fits her ~
an ~ influence Ïáñͳݳñ³ñ ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ
²Ûë ѳ·áõëïÁ ×Çßï Ýñ³ íñ³Ûáí ¿. E~ so!
áõݻݳÉ:
Ødzݷ³Ù³ÛÝ ×Çßï ¿. ÖÇßï ³Û¹å»ë:
evil-minded [‚i:vl΄maindid] a ã³ñ³ÙÇï,
ã³ñ³Ï³Ù, ã³ñ:
exactor [ig΄zæktə] n ѳÛóíáñ, ѳÛó³ï»ñ:
evince [i΄vins] v óáõó³μ»ñ»É, ¹ñë¨áñ»É: exaggerate [ig΄zædзəreit] v ã³÷³½³ÝóÝ»É.
ËÇëï Áݹ·Í»É, áõÅ»Õ ß»ßï»É. ~ difficulties
evocative [i΄vɒkətiv] a ÑÇß»óÝáÕ, ÑÇßáÕáõ- ã³÷³½³ÝóÝ»É ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ:
ÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç í»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝáÕ. ~ scenes ÑÇßáÕáõ-
exaggerated [ig΄zædзəreitid] a ã³÷³½³Ýó-
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ³ñÃݳóÝáÕ ï»ë³ñ³ÝÝ»ñ: ~ de-
í³Í. μÅßÏ. ɳÛݳóí³Í:
vice (ÏÇÝá) μáí³Ý¹³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÑÇß»óÝáÕ
exaggeration [ig‚zædзə΄rei∫n] n ã³÷³½³Ý-
ϳ¹ñ»ñ:
óáõÙ, ã³÷³½³ÝóáõÃÛáõÝ:
evoke [i΄vəuk] v ½³ñûóÝ»É, ³é³ç³óÝ»É, exalt [ig΄zɔ:lt] v μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É, ·áí³μ³Ý»É:
ѳñáõó»É. Çñ³í. ·áñÍÁ μ³ñÓñ³·áõÛÝ ¹³- exalted [ig΄zɔ:ltid] a μ³ñÓñ, íë»Ù, í»Ñ. ~
ï³ñ³Ý ѳÝÓÝ»É: emotions íë»Ù ½·³óÙáõÝùÝ»ñ. a person of ~
evolution [‚i:və΄lu:∫n] n ½³ñ·³óáõÙ, ¿íá- rank μ³ñÓñ ¹ÇñùÇ ³ÝÓݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÉÛáõódz. Ù³Ã. ³ñÙ³ïÇ Ñ³ÝáõÙ. theory of ~ exaltation [‚egzɔ:l΄tei∫n] n Ññ×í³Ýù, ˳Ý-
½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ. the ~ of drama ó- ¹³í³éáõÃÛáõÝ. ٻͳñáõÙ, ·áí³μ³ÝáõÙ:
ï»ñ³Ï³Ý/¹ñ³Ù³ïÇÏ³Ï³Ý ³ñí»ëïÇ exam [ig΄zæm] n ËëÏó. ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
½³ñ·³óáõÙÁ: examinant [eg΄zæminənt] n ùÝÝáÕ:
evolutionary [‚i:və΄lu:∫nəri] a ¿íáÉÛáõóÇáÝ: examination [ig‚zæmi΄nei∫n] n ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ.
evolve [i΄vɒlv] v ½³ñ·³Ý³É, ½³ñ·³óÝ»É. oral/entrance/final ~ μ³Ý³íáñ/ÁݹáõÝ»Éáõ-
ͳí³Éí»É. ~ a new theory Ýáñ ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ ÃÛ³Ý/³í³ñï³Ï³Ý ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ. competetive
½³ñ·³óÝ»É: ~ ÙñóáõóÛÇÝ ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ. go in for an/take
ewe [ju:] n ϻݹ. Ù³ùÇ: an/sit for an ~ ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É/Ù³ëݳÏó»É.
ewer [΄ju:ə] n ɳÛݳμ»ñ³Ý ë³÷áñ: pass an ~ ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ѳÝÓÝ»É. fail in an ~
ex- [eks] pref ݳËÏÇÝ. ex-president ݳËÏÇÝ Ó³ËáÕí»É ùÝÝáõÃÛ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï. an ~ paper
åñ»½Ç¹»Ýï. her ex-husband Ýñ³ ݳËÏÇÝ ùÝÝ³Ï³Ý ³ß˳ï³Ýù (·ñ³íáñ), ùÝݳ-
examine 297 exception

Ï³Ý Ã»ñÃÇÏ. (ùÝÝáõÙ, ½ÝÝáõÙ) medical/phys- å»ÕáõÙÝ»ñ ϳï³ñ»É. ~ a burial ground ¹³Ù-
ical ~ μÅßÏ³Ï³Ý ùÝÝáõÙ/½ÝÝáõÙ. undergo a μ³ñ³Ý å»Õ»É:
medical ~ μÅßÏ³Ï³Ý ùÝÝáõÃÛ³Ý »ÝóñÏí»É. excavation [‚ekskə΄vei∫n] n ÷áñáõÙ. ÑÝ·.
careful/superficial ~ Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ/áõß³¹Çñ å»ÕáõÙÝ»ñ:
ùÝÝáõÙ.. ٳϻñ»ë³ÛÇÝ ½ÝÝáõÙ. an ~ of the excavator [΄ekskəveitə] n ³ñï³÷áñÇã, Ñá-
accounts ѳßÇíÝ»ñÇ ëïáõ·áõÙ. on close ~ Õ³÷áñ, ¿ùëϳí³ïáñ:
³í»ÉÇ Ù³Ýñ³Ù³Ý ëïáõ·Ù³Ý ųٳݳÏ. exceed [ik΄si:d] v ·»ñ³½³Ýó»É. ã³÷Á/ë³Ñ-
customs ~ Ù³ùë³ÛÇÝ ëïáõ·áõÙ/½ÝÝáõÙ. Ù³ÝÝ ³ÝóÝ»É. ÃáõÛɳïñ»ÉÇ ã³÷Ý ³ÝóÝ»É.
Çñ³í. ѳñó³ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ ~ of a witness íϳ- ~ expectations ·»ñ³½³Ýó»É μáÉáñ ëå³ëáõÙ-
ÛÇ Ñ³ñó³ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ of evidence ѳÝó³- Ý»ñÁ. ~ instructions Édz½áñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ë³Ñ-
Ýß³ÝÝ»ñÇ ½ÝÝáõÙ. post-mortem ~ ¹Ç³Ñ»ñ- Ù³ÝÝ»ñÇó ¹áõñë ·³É. Demand ~s supply
ÓáõÙ. cross ~ ˳ã³Ó¨ ѳñó³ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ ä³Ñ³ÝçÁ ·»ñ³½³ÝóáõÙ ¿ ³é³ç³ñÏÁ. ~
in chief ëϽμÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ñó³ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ: speed limit ³ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝÁ ·»ñ³½³Ýó»É:
examine [ig΄zæmin] v ùÝÝ»É. ~ in literature exceeding [ik΄si:diŋ] a ËÇëï Ù»Í, ã³÷Ý
ùÝÝ»É ·ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÇó. (½ÝÝ»É, ëïáõ·»É) ³ÝóÝáÕ:
He had his eyes/teeth ~d Üñ³ ³ãù»ñÁ/³ï³Ù- exceedingly [ik΄si:diŋli] adv ã³÷³½³Ýó,
Ý»ñÁ ëïáõ·»óÇÝ. ~ accounts ѳßÇíÝ»ñÁ ã³÷Çó ¹áõñë, ͳÛñ³Ñ»Õ:
ëïáõ·»É. ~ a problem ùÝݳñÏ»É/¹Çï»É excel [ik΄sel] v ·»ñ³½³Ýó»É, ³ãùÇ ÁÝÏÝ»É. ~
åñáμÉ»ÙÁ/ѳñóÁ. ~ data áõëáõÙݳëÇñ»É in courage ѳٳñÓ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùμ ·»ñ³½³Ýó»É.
ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÁ. ~ the baggage at the customs Ù³ù- ~ in the field Ùñ½. É³í³·áõÛÝ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁ
ë³ï³ÝÁ Çñ»ñÁ ëïáõ·»É. Çñ³í. ѳñó³- óáõÛó ï³É, ³ãùÇ ÁÝÏÝ»É ïíÛ³É Ó¨Ç Ù»ç:
ùÝÝ»É ~ a witness íϳÛÇÝ Ñ³ñó³ùÝÝ»É. ~ ev- excellence [΄eksələns] n ·»ñ³½³ÝóáõÃÛáõÝ,
idence ѳÝó³Ýß³ÝÝ»ñÝ áõëáõÙݳëÇñ»É: ·»ñ³½³ÝóáõÙ. μ³ñÓñ áñ³Ï, ϳï³ñ»Éáõ-
examinee [ig‚zæmi΄ni:] n ùÝÝíáÕ, ùÝÝáõ- ÃÛáõÝ. ~ of the service ·»ñ³½³Ýó ëå³-
ÃÛ³Ý »ÝóñÏíáÕ. be a bad ~ ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ë³ñÏáõÙ, ëå³ë³ñÏÙ³Ý Ï³ï³ñ»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ:
ãϳñáÕ³Ý³É Ñ³ÝÓÝ»É: excellency [΄eksələnsi] n ·»ñ³½³ÝóáõÃÛáõÝ.
examiner [ig΄zæminə] n ùÝÝáÕ. ³Ù. ùÝÝÇã: his E~ ÝáñÇÝ ·»ñ³½³ÝóáõÃÛáõÝ:
example [ig΄za:mpl] n ûñÇݳÏ, ÝÙáõß. con- excellent [΄eksələnt] a ·»ñ³½³Ýó, ÑáÛ³-
crete/striking/classical ~ ÏáÝÏñ»ï/í³é/¹³ë³- ϳå, μ³ñÓñáñ³Ï:
Ï³Ý ûñÇݳÏ. for ~ ûñÇݳÏÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. give/ except [ik΄sept] prep μ³óÇ, μ³ó³éáõÃÛ³Ùμ.
cite an ~ ûñÇÝ³Ï μ»ñ»É/ï³É. set an ~ ûñÇ- ~ for »Ã» ѳßíÇ ã³éÝ»Ýù. ~ Sunday μ³óÇ
Ý³Ï Í³é³Û»É. beyond/without ~ ³Ýݳ˳- ÏÇñ³ÏÇ ûñ»ñÇó. ~ that μ³óÇ ¹ñ³ÝÇó, áñ. ~
¹»å. make an ~ of smb å³ïÅ»É (Ù»ÏÇÝ) Ç that it rained all the day âÝ³Û³Í ³ÙμáÕç ûñÁ
Ëñ³ï áõñÇßÝ»ñÇÝ. serve an ~ ûñÇÝ³Ï Í³- ³ÝÓñ¨ »Ï³í. The dinner was excellent ~ for
é³Û»É. Let it be an ~ for you ÂáÕ ë³ ù»½ ѳ- the fish ºÃ» ѳßíÇ ã³éÝ»Ýù ÓáõÏÁ (μ³óÇ
Ù³ñ ¹³ë ÉÇÝÇ: ÓÏÇó), ׳ßÁ ÑáÛ³Ï³å ¿ñ. (å³Ûٳݳ·ñÇ
exasperate [ig΄zæspəreit] v ½³Ûñ³óÝ»É, á×áõÙ) ~ as μ³ó³éáõÃÛ³Ùμ. ~ as may be
ѳÙμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÇó ѳݻÉ. Her stupidity ~d me agreed μ³ó³éáõÃÛ³Ùμ ³ÛÝ ¹»åù»ñÇ, áñï»Õ
Üñ³ ÑÇÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÇÝÓ Ñ³Ùμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÇó ϳñ»ÉÇ ¿ ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý ·³É:
ѳݻó: except [ik΄sept] v μ³ó³é»É. present company
exasperating [ig΄zæspəreitiŋ] a ³Ýï³Ý»ÉÇ, ~ed μ³ó³éáõÃÛ³Ùμ Ý»ñϳ ·ïÝíáÕÝ»ñÇó.
½³Ûñ³óáõóÇã. how ~ ! ƯÝã ëñïÝ»ÕÇã μ³Ý. nobody ~ed μáÉáñÝ ³é³Ýó μ³ó³éáõÃÛ³Ý:
I find him ~ ܳ ÇÝÓ Ñ³Ùμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÇó ѳ- excepting [ik΄septiŋ] prep μ³ó³éáõÃÛ³Ùμ,
ÝáõÙ ¿. It’s utterly ~ ¸³ å³ñ½³å»ë ³Ý- μ³ó³é»Éáí:
ï³Ý»ÉÇ ¿: exception [ik΄sep∫n] n μ³ó³éáõÃÛáõÝ. with
exasperation [ig‚zæspə΄rei∫n] n ½³ÛñáõÛÃ, the ~ of μ³ó³éáõÃÛ³Ùμ. without ~ ³é³Ýó
ëñïÝ»ÕáõÃÛáõÝ. in ~ ÉñÇí Ñáõë³Ñ³ïí³Í/ μ³ó³éáõÃÛ³Ý. make an ~ μ³ó³éáõÃÛáõÝ
Ñáõë³Éùí³Í: ³Ý»É. an ~ to the rule μ³ó³éáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³Ýá-
excavate [΄ekskəveit] v ÷áñ»É. ÑÝ·. å»Õ»É, ÝÇó. take ~ to ³é³ñÏ»É, ¹Å·áÑ»É:
exceptional 298 exclamatory

exceptional [ik΄sep∫nəl] a μ³ó³éÇÏ, ³ñ- μ³é»ñ ÷á˳ݳϻÉ. ~ places ï»Õ»ñÁ ÷á-


ï³Ï³ñ·. an ~ case μ³ó³éÇÏ/³ñï³Ï³ñ· ˳ݳϻÉ. ~ greetings/glances áÕçáõÛÝÝ»ñ/
¹»åù. an ~ man ³ñï³ëáíáñ Ù³ñ¹. an ~ use ѳ۳óùÝ»ñ ÷á˳ݳϻÉ:
³ñï³ëáíáñ/³Ýëáíáñ û·ï³·áñÍáõÙ/ÏÇ- exchangeable [iks΄t∫eindзəbl] a ÷á˳ݳ-
ñ³éáõÙ: Ï»ÉÇ, ÷á˳ݳÏÙ³Ý »Ýóϳ. ~ within one
exceptive [ik΄septiv] a μ³ó³éÇÏ, μ³ó³éáõ- week ÷á˳ݳÏÙ³Ý »Ýóϳ ¿ ÙÇ ß³μ³Ã-
ÃÛáõÝ Ï³½ÙáÕ: í³ ÁÝóóùáõÙ. not ~ ÷á˳ݳÏÙ³Ý »Ýó-
excerpt [΄eksə:pt] n ѳïí³Í, ù³Õí³Íù: ϳ ã¿. ~ value ÷á˳ݳϳÛÇÝ ³ñÅ»ù:
excerption [ek΄sə:p∫n] n ù³Õí³Íù, Ù»çμ»- exchequer [iks΄t∫ekə] n å»ï³Ï³Ý ·³ÝÓ³-
ñáõÙ: ñ³Ý. Chancellor of the ~ Ø»Í ´ñÇï³ÝdzÛÇ
excess [ik΄ses] n ³í»ÉóáõÏ, ѳí»Éáñ¹. ·»ñ³- ýÇݳÝëÝ»ñÇ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñ:
½³ÝóáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ of enthusiasm ã³÷Çó ³í»ÉÇ excise [ek΄saiz]1.n ³Ïóǽ, ³Ïóǽ³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ñÏ
ß³ï ¿Ýïáõ½Ç³½Ù. ~ of joy áõñ³ËáõÃÛ³Ý (ݳ¨ ~ tax/duty) ~ officer ³Ïóǽ³ÛÇÝ ãÇÝáí-
åáéÃÏáõÙ. generous almost to ~ ã³÷Çó ÝÇÏ/å³ßïáÝÛ³. 2. v ³Ïóǽ³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ñÏ
³í»ÉÇ ³é³ï³Ó»éÝ. (³í»Éáñ¹, ѳí»ÉÛ³É) ¹Ý»É/·³ÝÓ»É:
~ weight ѳí»ÉÛ³É ù³ß. ~ luggage ѳí»ÉÛ³É excitable [ik΄saitəbl] a ·ñ·é»ÉÇ, ¹Ûáõñ³-
áõÕ»μ»é. ~ profit tax ѳí»ÉÛ³É ß³ÑáõÛ- ·ñ·Çé:
ÃÇ/·»ñß³ÑáõÛÃÇ Ñ³ñÏ. ~ fare Éñ³óáõóÇã excitant [΄eksitənt] n, a ·ñ·éÇã ÝÛáõÃ/ÙÇçáó.
í׳ñ. ~ in eating and drinking ³Ý½ëåáõ- ·ñ·éÇã:
ÃÛáõÝ/ßí³ÛïáõÃÛáõÝ áõï»Éáõ ¨ ËÙ»Éáõ Ù»ç. excitation [‚eksi΄tei∫n] n ·ñ·éáõÙ, Ñáõ½-
~es ¹³Å³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ã³÷³½³Ýó (Ù»Í), ÙáõÝù, ·ñ·éí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ:
excessive [ik΄sesiv] a ã³÷³½³Ýó. ~ burden excite [ik΄sait] v ·ñ·é»É, Ñáõ½»É. ËóݻÉ. ~
ã³÷³½³Ýó ͳÝñ μ»é. ~ formalism ã³÷Çó by news ÝáñáõÃÛáõÝÇó Ñáõ½í»É. Don’t ~ your-
¹áõñë Ó¨³ÙáÉáõÃÛáõÝ: self ØÇ° Ñáõ½íÇñ. Don’t get ~d ØÇ° Ñáõ½í»ù
exchange [iks΄t∫eindз] 1. n ÷á˳ݳÏáõÙ. 2. (³é³ç³óÝ»É, ѳñáõó»É) ~ interest/curiosity/
a ÷á˳ݳϳÛÇÝ. ~ of views/opinions ï»ë³- envy Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝ/ݳ˳ÝÓ ³é³ç³ó-
Ï»ïÝ»ñÇ/ϳñÍÇùÝ»ñÇ ÷á˳ݳÏáõÙ. give/ Ý»É. ~ jealousy ݳ˳ÝÓ ³é³ç³óÝ»É. ~ pity
offer/take smth in ~ ÷á˳ñ»Ý ï³É/³é³ç³ñ- ËÕ׳ѳñáõÃÛáõÝ ³é³ç³óÝ»É:
Ï»É/í»ñóÝ»É áñ¨¿ μ³Ý in ~ for ÷á˳ñ»Ý. excited [ik΄saitid] a ·ñ·éí³Í, Ñáõ½í³Í. ~
rate/course of ~ ýÇÝ. ¹ñ³Ù³ÛÇÝ/³ñÅáõÛóÛÇÝ voice/speech Ñáõ½í³Í Ó³ÛÝ/׳é. be ~ Ñáõ½-
Ïáõñë. free ~ ³½³ï ÷á˳ݳÏáõÙ áõÝ»óáÕ í³Í/·ñ·éí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. get ~ over little things
³ñÅáõÛÃ. foreign ~ ³ñï³ñÅáõÛÃ. bill of ~ Ù³ÝñáõùÝ»ñÇó Ñáõ½í»É. an ~ crowd ·ñ·Áé-
ÙáõñѳÏ, ÷á˳ݳϳÙáõñѳÏ. ~ control í³Í ³ÙμáË. an ~ discussion ï³ù íÇ׳-
³ñÅáõóÛÇÝ ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ restrictions ³ñ- μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÅáõóÛÇÝ ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñ. ~ fluctuati- excitement [ik΄saitmənt] n ·ñ·Çé, Ñáõ½áõÙ,
ons ³ñï³ñÅáõÛÃÇ ÏáõñëÇ ï³ï³ÝáõÙÝ»ñ. Ñáõ½ÙáõÝù. ³ÕÙáõÏ. tremble with ~ Ñáõ½ÙáõÝ-
floating ~ rate ³½³ï ï³ï³ÝíáÕ ÷á˳ñ- ùÇó ¹áÕ³É. avoid all ~ Ëáõë³÷»É ³Ù»Ý ï»-
Å»ù. the ~ rate is falling/rising ÷á˳ݳÏÙ³Ý ë³ÏÇ Ñáõ½ÙáõÝùÇó. ~s of holidays ïáݳϳÝ
ÏáõñëÁ ÁÝÏÝáõÙ /μ³ñÓñ³ÝáõÙ ¿. (μáñë³) ½í³ñ×áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. What’s all the ~ about? ê³
Labour ~ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ μáñë³. stock ~ ýáÝ- DZÝã ³ÕÙáõÏ/Çñ³ñ³ÝóáõÙ ¿:
¹³ÛÇÝ/³ñÅ»ÃÕûñÇ μáñë³. telephone ~ exciting [ik΄saitiŋ] a ·ñ·éáÕ, Ñáõ½Çã. an ~
Ï»ÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ»é³Ëáë³Ï³Û³Ý. fixed ~ film/story Ñáõ½Çã ýÇÉÙ/å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ. Oh,
rate ѳëï³ïáõÝ ÷á˳ñÅ»ù. ~ transactions how ~! ÐáÛ³Ï³å ¿, Ññ³ß³ÉÇ ¿:
μáñë³Û³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: exclaim [iks΄kleim] v μ³ó³Ï³Ýã»É, ·áã»É. ~
exchange [iks΄t∫eindз] v ÷á˳ݳϻÉ. ~ a against μ³ñÓñ³Ó³ÛÝ Ù»Õ³¹ñ»É, μáÕáù»É:
house for a flat ïáõÝÁ μݳϳñ³Ýáí ÷á˳- exclamation [‚eksklə΄mei∫n] n μ³ó³Ï³Ý-
ݳϻÉ. ~ a library book ·ñ³¹³ñ³ÝÇ ·ÇñùÁ ãáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ mark μ³ó³Ï³Ýã³Ï³Ý Ýß³Ý:
÷áË»É. ~ dollars for pounds ¹áɳñÁ ýáõÝïáí exclamatory [eks΄klæmətəri] a μ³ó³Ï³Ý-
÷á˳ݳϻÉ. ~ a few words ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ μ³é/ ã³Ï³Ý. ~ sentence μ³ó³Ï³Ýã³Ï³Ý ݳ˳-
exclude 299 execution

¹³ëáõÃÛáõÝ: (μáõÝ ÝÛáõÃÇó)£


exclude [iks΄klu:d] v μ³ó³é»É. íï³ñ»É, ³ñ- excusable [iks΄kju:zəbl] a Ý»ñ»ÉÇ:
ï³ùë»É. ~ from the company/club íï³ñ»É excuse [iks΄kju:s] n Ý»ñáõÙ, ³ñ¹³ñ³óáõÙ.
ÁÝÏ»ñ³Ï³Ý ßñç³ÝÇó/³ÏáõÙμÇó (ÙáõïùÝ å³ï׳é, å³ïñí³Ï. This is no ~ ê³ ³ñ-
³ñ·»É»É). ~ all possibility μ³ó³é»É ³Ù»Ý ¹³ñ³óáõÙ ã¿. a poor/lame/thin ~ í³ï/³Ýѳ-
Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. excluding Sunday μ³ó³- Ùá½Çã å³ïñí³Ï. make ~s for being late ³ñ-
éáõÃÛ³Ùμ ÏÇñ³ÏÇ ûñí³/»Ã» ãѳßí»Ýù ÏÇ- ¹³ñ³óáõóÇã å³ï׳éÝ»ñ μ»ñ»É áõ߳ݳ-
ñ³ÏÇ ûñÁ: Éáõ ѳٳñ. poverty as an ~ ³Õù³ïáõÃÛáõÝÁ
exclusion [iks΄klu:зn] n íï³ñáõÙ, ³ñï³ù- áñå»ë ³ñ¹³ñ³óáõÙ/å³ï׳é. sorry ~ ³Ý-
ëáõÙ. μ³ó³éáõÙ to the ~ of μ³ó³éáõÃÛ³Ùμ. ѳçáÕ ³ñ¹³ñ³óáõÙ. an ~ for refusing Ù»ñ-
~ clause Çñ³í. μ³ó³éÙ³Ý ¹ñáõÛÃ: Å»Éáõ å³ïñí³Ï. (Ý»ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, Ý»ñáõÙ)
exclusive [ik s΄klu:siv] a μ³ó³éÇÏ, ³ñï³- make ~s Ý»ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ Ëݹñ»É. specious ~
ϳñ·. ÙdzÏ. ~ rights ³ñï³Ï³ñ· Çñ³- å³ïß³× å³ïñí³Ï. Make my ~s г-
íáõÝùÝ»ñ. an ~ agent ÙÇ³Ï Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇã. Õáñ¹»ù ÇÙ Ý»ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ:
an ~ interview μ³ó³éÇÏ Ñ³ñó³½ñáõÛó. ~ at- excuse [iks΄kju:z] v Ý»ñ»É, Ý»ñáÕ³ÙÇï ÉÇ-
tention ѳïáõÏ áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ agreement Ý»É. ~ me Ý»ñ»ó»ù. ~ oneself Ý»ñáõÙ Ëݹñ»É.
Çñ³í. μ³ó³éÇÏ Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñáí å³ÛÙ³- E~ my language Ü»ñ»ó»ù ³Ûë ³ñï³Ñ³Ûïáõ-
ݳ·Çñ. ~ right μ³ó³éÇÏ Çñ³íáõÝù. ~ of ÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ. This doesn’t ~ you ¸³ Ó»½ ãÇ
μ³ó³éáõÃÛ³Ùμ. the price of the dinner ~ wine ³ñ¹³ñ³óÝáõÙ. Nothing can ~ àãÇÝã ãÇ Ï³-
׳ßÇ ³ñÅ»ùÁ ³é³Ýó/μ³ó³éáõÃÛ³Ùμ ·Ç- ñáÕ ³ñ¹³ñ³óÝ»É. (³½³ï»É) ~ smb his fees
Ýáõ/ an ~ hotel ßù»Õ/³é³çݳϳñ· ÑÛáõñ³- ³½³ï»É í³ñÓ»ñÇó/í׳ñáõÙÇó. ~ from class
Ýáó. ~ circles ѳë³ñ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý μ³ñÓñ ¹³ë»ñÇó ³½³ï»É. be ~d military service
˳í»ñ: ½ÇÝͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÇó ³½³ï»É:
exclusively [iks΄klu:sivli] adv μ³ó³é³å»ë, exeat [΄eksiæt] n ϳñ×³ï¨ μ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý
ÙdzÛÝ, ÙÇÙdzÛÝ: ÃáõÛÉïíáõÃÛáõÝ:
excrete [iks΄kri:t] v ³ñï³¹ñ»É. ³ñï³Ãá- execrable [΄eksikrəbl] a ½½í»ÉÇ, ·³ñß»ÉÇ,
ñ»É: ÝáÕϳÉÇ:
excretion [iks΄kri:∫n] n ýǽÉ. ³ñï³ÃáñáõÙ, executable [‚eksi΄kju:təbl] a ÑÙÏñ·. ϳ-
³ñï³½³ïáõÙ: ï³ñíáÕ, Çñ³óíáÕ (ý³ÛÉ). ~ module ϳ-
excruciating [iks΄kru:∫ieitiŋ] a ï³Ýç³ÉÇó, ï³ñíáÕ Ùá¹áõÉ. ~ statement ϳï³ñíáÕ
ï³ÝçáÕ£ ûå»ñ³ïáñ. ~ program ϳï³ñíáÕ Íñ³-
excruciatingly [iks΄kru:∫ieitiŋli] adv ï³Ý- ·Çñ:
ç³ÉÇó Ï»ñåáí. It was ~ funny ËëÏó. executant [ig΄zekjutənt] n »ñÅß., óïñ. ϳ-
²ñï³Ï³ñ·/â³÷Çó ³í»ÉÇ ÍÇͳջÉÇ ¿ñ, ï³ñáÕ:
ÌÇͳÕÇó ³ãù»ñÝ ³ñóáõÝùáí ¿ÇÝ Éóí»É: execute [΄eksikju:t] v ϳï³ñ»É/Çñ³·áñÍ»É.
exculpate [΄ekskΛlpeit] v ³ñ¹³ñ³óÝ»É. ÷Ëμ. Ó¨³Ï»ñå»É (÷³ëï³ÃÕûñÁ). ~ a
³ÝáõÝÁ/å³ïÇíÁ í»ñ³Ï³Ý·Ý»É. ~ from a command Ññ³Ù³Ý ϳï³ñ»É. ~ an order
charge Ù»Õ³¹ñ³ÝùÁ ѳݻÉ: å³ïí»ñ/Ññ³Ù³Ý ϳï³ñ»É. ~ a plan åɳÝ
exculpatory [eks΄kΛlpətəri] a ³ñ¹³ñ³ó- Çñ³·áñÍ»É. ~ a sonata/a role ëáݳï/¹»ñ
ÝáÕ, ³ñ¹³ñ³óáõóÇã: ϳï³ñ»É. ~ laws Çñ³í. ûñ»ÝùÝ»ñ ÏÇñ³é»É.
excursion [iks΄kə:∫n] n áõÕ¨áñáõÃÛáõÝ, (ٳѳå³ïÅÇ »ÝóñÏ»É) ~ a murderer/crim-
½μáë³Ýù. ¿ùëÏáõñëdz. ½μáë³ßñçáõÃÛáõÝ. inal/the traitor ٳѳå³ïÅÇ »ÝóñÏ»É Ù³ñ-
go on an ~ ¿ùëÏáõñëdz ·Ý³É. an ~ train/ticket ¹³ëå³ÝÇÝ/á×ñ³·áñÍÇÝ/¹³í³×³ÝÇÝ.
½μáë³ßñçÇÏÝ»ñÇ ·Ý³óù/ïáÙë»ñ: execution [‚eksi΄kju:∫n] n ϳï³ñáõÙ (ݳ¨
excursionist [iks΄kə:∫nist] n ½μáë³ßñçÇÏ, »ñÅß. ¨ óïñ.), Çñ³Ï³Ý³óáõÙ, at the ~ of
ïáõñÇëï, ¿ùëÏáõñë³Ýï: duties å³ñï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ï³ï³ñÙ³Ý
excursive [iks΄kə:siv] a ËáïáñíáÕ, ó÷³- ÁÝóóùáõÙ. carry into/put in ~ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É.
éáÕ. ³ÝϳÝáÝ: ~ of a will Çñ³í. Ïï³ÏÇ Ó¨³Ï»ñåáõÙ. ~ of
excursus [eks΄kə:səs] n ß»ÕáõÙ, Ñ»é³óáõÙ an agreement å³Ûٳݳ·ñÇ ÏÝùáõÙ. (ٳѳ-
executioner 300 exhibit

å³ïÇÅ) ~ by hanging ٳѳå³ïÇŠϳ˻- one’s rights Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇó û·ïí»É. ~ one’s


Éáõ ÙÇçáóáí. death by ~ ٳѳå³ïÇÅ. carry authority Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ÏÇñ³é»É. ~ influence
the ~ out ٳѳå³ïÇÅÝ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É/Çñ³- ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ ·áñÍ»É. (½μ³Õ»óÝ»É, Ñáõ½»É,
·áñÍ»É. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ efficiency ϳï³ñÙ³Ý ³Ýѳݷëï³óÝ»É) be ~d about smn’s future
¿ý»ÏïÇíáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ environment Íñ³·ñÇ ³Ýѳݷëï³Ý³É Ù»ÏÇ ³å³·³Ûáí. the
ϳï³ñÙ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ/ÙÇç³í³Ûñ: problem ~ing minds áõÕ»ÕÝ»ñ ½μ³Õ»óÝáÕ
executioner [‚eksi΄kju:∫nə] n ٳѳå³- åñáμÉ»Ù:
ïÇÅÝ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝáÕ Ù³ñ¹, ¹³ÑÇ×: exercise book [΄eksəsaizbuk] n ï»ïñ. squa-
executive [ig΄zekjutiv] a ·áñͳ¹Çñ. chief ~ red- paper ~ ù³é³ÏáõëÇ ï»ïñ. ruled –paper
·áñͳ¹Çñ ջϳí³ñ. ~ committee ·áñͳ- ~ ÙÇïáÕ³ÝÇ ï»ïñ. double-lined ~ »ñÏïá-
¹Çñ ÏáÙÇï». ~ talent ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåã³Ï³Ý Õ³ÝÇ ï»ïñ. ~ for arithmetics Ãí³μ³Ýáõ-
ï³Õ³Ý¹: ÃÛ³Ý ï»ïñ:
executive [ig΄zekjutiv] n ·áñͳ¹Çñ Çß˳- exert [ig΄zə:t] v ·áñͳ¹ñ»É, ·áñÍÇ ¹Ý»É. ~
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. Chief E~ ²ØÜ-Ç åñ»½Ç¹»Ýï. ݳ- pressure /influence ×ÝßáõÙ/³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ ·áñ-
ѳݷ³å»ï: Í»É. ~ oneself ç³Ýù ó÷»É, áõÅ»ñÁ ɳñ»É.
executor [ig΄zekjutə] n Çñ³í. Ïï³Ï³ï³ñ. He ~ed himself on my behalf ܳ μáÉáñ áõÅ»ñÁ
¹³ï³Ï³Ý ϳï³ñ³Íáõ, ¹³ÑÇ×: ·áñÍÇ ¹ñ»ó, áñ ÇÝÓ û·ÝÇ:
exemplar [ig΄zempla:] n ûñÇݳÏ, ÝÙáõß: exertion [ig΄zə:∫n] n ç³Ýù/×Ç·/ɳñáõÙ. de-
exemplary [ig΄zempləri] a ûñÇݳϻÉÇ. an ~ spite all his ~s ãÝ³Û³Í Çñ μáÉáñ ç³Ýù»ñÇÝ. It
pupil ûñÇݳϻÉÇ ³ß³Ï»ñï. ~ behaviour ûñÇ- was an ~ even to breathe ÜáõÛÝÇëÏ ßÝã»ÉÁ Ù»Í
ݳϻÉÇ í³ñù: ɳñáõÙ ¿ñ å³Ñ³ÝçáõÙ:
exemplify [ig΄zemplifai] v ûñÇÝ³Ï Í³- exfoliate [eks΄fəulieit] v ß»ñï³íáñí»É, ß»ñ-
é³Û»É/μ»ñ»É: ï³½³ïí»É:
exempt [ig΄zempt] 1.n ³½³ï, ³½³ïí³Í exhalation [‚ekshə΄lei∫n] n ³ñï³ßÝãáõÙ.
(ѳñÏ»ñÇó). goods ~ from tax ѳñÏÇó åáéÃÏáõÙ (ó³ëáõÙÇ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ):
³½³ïí³Í ³åñ³Ýù. ~ from military service exhale [eks΄heil] v ³ñï³ßÝã»É:
½ÇÝͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÇó ³½³ïí³Í. 2. v exhaust [ig΄zɔ:st] n áõųëå³é ³Ý»É. í³ï-
³½³ï»É ѳñÏ»ñÇó/å³ñï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»- Ý»É (áõÅ»ñÁ). ëå³é»É, ÑÛáõÍ»É, ÉñÇí û·ï³-
ñÇó: ·áñÍ»É. (ݳ¨ ÷Ëμ. ) ~ the soil ÑáÕÁ Ñá·Ý»ó-
exemption [ig΄zemp∫n] n ³½³ïáõÙ, μ³ó³- Ý»É. ~ resources å³ß³ñÝ»ñÁ/ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÁ
ëáõÙ. diplomatic ~ ¹Çí³Ý³·Çï³Ï³Ý ³Ý- ëå³é»É. ~ a subject Ã»Ù³Ý ëå³é»É. ~ pati-
Ó»éÝÙË»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ. provisional ~ å³Ûٳݳ- ence ѳÙμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ѳïÝ»É. ~ a mine
Ï³Ý ³½³ïáõÙ: ѳÝùÁ ³ß˳ï»óÝ»É. (ÃáõɳóÝ»É, Ãáõɳ-
exercise [΄eksəsaiz] n í³ñÅáõÃÛáõÝ, Ù³ñ- ݳÉ) be ~ed by illness ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝÇó
½³Ýù. do/write/ correct ~ ϳï³ñ»É/·ñ»É/ ÃáõɳݳÉ. feel ~ed áõųëå³é ÉÇÝ»É. ~ one-
áõÕÕ»É í³ñÅáõÃÛáõÝÁ. do ~s í³ñųÝù ϳ- self áõÅ»ñÁ í³ïÝ»É:
ï³ñ»É. remedial ~ μáõÅ³Ï³Ý Ù³ñÙݳٳñ- exhausting [ig΄zɔ:stiŋ] a Ñá·Ý»óÝáÕ,
½áõÃÛáõÝ. breathing ~ ßÝã³é³Ï³Ý í³ñÅáõ- áõųëå³é ³ÝáÕ. ÑÛáõÍáÕ, Ù³ßáÕ. ëå³éÇã:
ÃÛáõÝ. take ~ ½μáëÝ»É, ù³ÛÉ»É, ß³ñÅí»É. take exhaustion [ig΄zɔ:st∫ən] n áõųëå³éáõ-
little ~ ùÇã ß³ñÅí»É. military ~ é½Ù. ½ÇÝíá- ÃÛáõÝ, ÑÛáõÍáõÙ, ë³ëïÇÏ Ñá·Ý³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ.
ñ³Ï³Ý ½áñ³ß³ñÅ. ~ book í³ñÅáõÃÛáõÝÝ»- nervous ~ ÝÛ³ñ¹³ÛÇÝ ÑÛáõÍáõÙ:
ñÇ ï»ïñ. ~ of rights Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇ Çñ³Ï³- exhaustive [ig΄zɔ:stiv] a ÑÛáõÍÇã, áõųëå³é
ݳóáõÙ: ³ÝáÕ, ëå³éÇã. ~ inquiry ëå³éÇã/Ù³Ýñ³-
exercise [΄eksəsaiz] v Ù³ñ½(í)»É. ù³ÛÉ»É, Ù³ëÝ Ñ»ï³½áïáõÃÛáõÝ:
ß³ñÅí»É ~ the dog/horse ß³ÝÁ/ÓÇáõÝ Ù³ñ½»É/ exhibit [ig΄zibit] 1. n óáõó³ÝÙáõß. Çñ³í.
ù³ÛÉ»óÝ»É. ~ more ³í»ÉÇ ß³ï ½μáëÝ»É/ù³Û- Çñ»Õ»Ý ³å³óáõÛó. rare/unique/unusual ѳ½-
É»É. (óáõó³μ»ñ»É, û·ï³·áñÍ»É, ÏÇñ³é»É) ~ í³·Ûáõï/ »½³ÏÇ/³Ýëáíáñ óáõó³ÝÙáõß. 2.
selfcontrol/patience ÇÝùݳïÇñ³å»ïáõÙ/ a óáõó³Ñ³Ý¹»ë³ÛÇÝ:
ѳÙμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ óáõó³μ»ñ»É. ~ judicial power exhibit [ig΄zibit] v óáõó³¹ñ»É. ~ paintings/
¹³ï³Ï³Ý Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É. ~ goods ÝϳñÝ»ñ/³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñ óáõó³¹ñ»É. ~
exhibition 301 expanded

one’s feelings ½·³óÙáõÝùÝ»ñÁ óáõÛó ï³É. ~ Çñ í³ëï³Ï³Í ÷áÕáí. She can’t ~ without
ignorance ï·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ç óáõÛó ¹Ý»É: TV ²é³Ýó Ñ»éáõëï³óáõÛóÇ Ý³ ÏÛ³Ýù
exhibition [‚eksi΄bi∫n] n óáõó³Ñ³Ý¹»ë. óáõ- ãáõÝÇ:
ó³¹ñáõÙ. an art/industrial ~ ³ñí»ëïÇ/ existence [ig΄zistəns] n ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ, ÏÛ³Ýù,
³ñ¹Ûáõݳμ»ñ³Ï³Ý óáõó³Ñ³Ý¹»ë. open/ ³éϳÛáõÃÛáõÝ. the only copy in ~ ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ
visit an ~ μ³ó»É óáõó³Ñ³Ý¹»ëÁ. ³Ûó»É»É áõÝ»óáÕ ÙÇ³Ï ûñÇݳÏÁ. happy ~ áõñ³Ë
óáõó³Ñ³Ý¹»ë. an ~ of bad manners í³ï ÏÛ³Ýù. miserable/wretched ~ ËÕ×áõÏ ÏÛ³Ýù.
å³Ñí³ÍùÇ óáõó³¹ñáõÙ. make an ~ of one- come into ~ ͳ·»É, ³é³ç³Ý³É. ·áñÍáÕáõ-
self Ïáïñ³ïí»É, Çñ»Ý óáõÛó ï³É/í³ï ÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÙïÝ»É:
¹ñë¨áñ»É. be on ~ óáõó³Ñ³Ý¹»ëáõÙ óáõó³- existent [ig΄zistənt] a ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»óáÕ,
¹ñ»É: ³éϳ:
exhibitioner [‚eksi΄bi∫nə] n Ãá߳ϳéáõ: exit [΄eksit] n »Éù. make one’s ~ ¹áõñë ·Ý³É.
exhibitor [ig΄zibitə] n óáõó³¹ñáÕ: No ~! ºÉù ãϳ. emergency ~ å³Ñ»ëïÇ »Éù. ~
exhilarate [ig΄ziləreit] v ³ßËáõųóÝ»É, Hamlet óïñ. гÙÉ»ïÁ ¹áõñë ¿ ·ÝáõÙ/Ñ»-
½í³ñóóÝ»É. Ëñ³Ëáõë»É, ù³ç³É»ñ»É. ~d é³ÝáõÙ ¿. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ sequence »ÉùÇ ·áñ-
by success ѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝÇó ù³ç³É»ñí³Í. ÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³çáñ¹³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~
feel ~d ³ßËáõųݳÉ: statement »ÉùÇ ûå»ñ³ïáñ. ~ the program »Éù
exhilarating [ig΄ziləreitiŋ] a ³ßËáõųóÝáÕ, Íñ³·ñÇó:
ù³ç³É»ñáÕ. ~ weather ³éáÕç³óÝáÕ »Õ³- exodus [΄eksədəs] n Ù³ëë³Û³Ï³Ý Ù»ÏÝáõÙ.
ݳÏ. an ~ speech Ý»ñßÝãáÕ ×³é. an ~ com- ³ëïíÍß. »Éù:
panion Ñ»ï³ùñùÇñ ÁÝÏ»ñ³ÏÇó: ex officio [‚eksə΄fi∫iəu] adv, a Ç å³ßïáÝ». be
exhilaration [ig‚zilə΄rei∫n] n ½í³ñÃáõÃÛáõÝ, an ~ member of Ç å³ßïáÝ»/å³ßïáݳϳÝ
áõñ³ËáõÃÛáõÝ: ³Ý¹³Ù ÉÇÝ»É:
exhort [ig΄zɔ:t] v Ñáñ¹áñ»É, Ïá㠳ݻÉ. He exonerate [ig΄zɒnəreit] v ³ñ¹³ñ³óÝ»É,
~ed us to work harder ܳ Ñáñ¹áñ»ó Ù»½ ³½³ï»É. ~ from all responsibility ³½³ï»É
³í»ÉÇ ç³Ý³ë»ñ ³ß˳ï»É: å³ï³ë˳ݳïíáõÃÛáõÝÇó. ~ from blame
exhortation [‚egzɔ:΄tei∫n] n Ñáñ¹áñ³Ýù, Ù»Õ³¹ñ³ÝùÁ ѳݻÉ:
Ïáã, ¹ñ¹áõÙ: exorbitant [ig΄zɔ:bitənt] a ã³÷Çó ¹áõñë,
exhumation [‚ekshju΄mei∫n] n Çñ³í. ¹Ç³ÏÁ ³Ýã³÷. an ~ price ã³÷Çó ³í»ÉÇ μ³ñÓñ
ßÇñÇÙÇó ѳݻÉÁ, ¾ùë·áõÙ³ódz£ ·ÇÝ:
exhume [eks΄hju:m] v Çñ³í. ¹Ç³ÏÁ ßÇñÇ- exoteric [‚eksəu΄terik] a ѳëϳݳÉÇ, Ù³ï-
ÙÇó ѳݻÉ: ã»ÉÇ, ѳÝñ³Ù³ïã»ÉÇ:
exigence [΄eksidзəns] n ËÇëï ³ÝÑñ³Å»ß- exotic [ig΄zɒtik] n ï³ñ»ñÏñÛ³, ï³ñ³ß˳ñ-
ïáõÃÛáõÝ, ͳÛñ³Ñ»ÕáõÃÛáõÝ: ÑÇÏ:
exigenc/y [΄eksidзənsi] n pl~ies Ï»Ýë³Ï³Ý expand [iks΄pænd] v Áݹ³ñÓ³Ï(í)»É, ͳ-
å³Ñ³ÝçÝ»ñÁ. ËÇëï ϳñÇù. å³Ñ³Ýç: í³É(í)»É. ½³ñ·³óÝ»É, ï³ñ³Íí»É. ~ pro-
exigent [΄eksidзənt] a Ññ³ï³å, ³ÝÑ»ï³- duction Áݹ³ñÓ³Ï»É ³ñ¹Ûáõݳμ»ñáõÃÛáõ-
Ó·»ÉÇ: ÝÁ/μǽݻëÁ. ~ thesis into a book û½Á ٻݳ-
exigible [΄eksidзəbl] a ïáõÛÅÇ/å³ïÅÇ »Ýó- ·ñáõÃÛáõÝ ¹³ñÓÝ»É. (ɳÛݳݳÉ) metals ~
ϳ: when heated ï³ùáõÃÛáõÝÇó Ù»ï³ÕÝ»ñÁ ɳÛ-
exiguous [ig΄zigjuəs] a ëáõÕ, ËÕ×áõÏ: ݳÝáõÙ »Ý. (μ³óí»É) Flowers ~ in sunshine
exile [΄eksail] n ³ùëáñ, ³ñï³ùëáõÙ. íï³- ²ñ¨Ç ÉáõÛëÇó ͳÕÇÏÝ»ñÁ μ³óíáõÙ »Ý. His
ñáõÙ. live in ~ ³ùëáñáõÙ ³åñ»É. send smb into face ~ed into a broad smile Üñ³ ¹»ÙùÇÝ É³ÛÝ
~ ³ùëáñ»É. go into ~ »ñÏñÇó ³ñï³ùëí»É: ÅåÇï »ñ¨³ó. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ icon ÁݹɳÛÝ»É
exile [΄eksail] v ³ñï³ùë»É, ³ùëáñ»É, ï³ñ³- å³ïÏ»ñ³ÏÁ£
·ñ»É: expanded [iks΄pændid] a ÁݹɳÛÝí³Í. ~
exist [ig΄zist] v ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ, ÉÇÝ»É, kernel ÁݹɳÛÝí³Í Ïáñǽ. ~ keyboard Áݹ-
³åñ»É. Life doesn’t ~ here ²Ûëï»Õ ÏÛ³Ýù ɳÛÝí³Í ëï»Õݳ߳ñ. ~ memory Áݹ-
·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ ãáõÝÇ. He could hardly ~ on his ɳÛÝí³Í ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝ:
earnings ܳ ѳ½Çí ¿ñ ϳñáÕ³ÝáõÙ ³åñ»É expanse [iks΄pæns] n ɳÛÝ ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ,
expanse 302 expense

Áݹ³ñÓ³ÏáõÙ, ï³ñ³ÍáõÙ. the broad ~ of the to ~s ÑáõÛë»ñÝ ³ñ¹³ñ³óÝ»É. fall short of ~s


lake É×Ç Áݹ³ñÓ³Ï ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ: ÑáõÛë»ñÁ ã³ñ¹³ñ³óÝ»É. great ~s Ù»Í
expansibility [iks‚pænsə΄biləti] n ï³ñ³Í»- ÑáõÛë»ñ:
ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ, Áݹ³ñӳϻÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ: expedience [ik΄spi:diəns], expediency
expansible [iks΄pænsəbl] a ï³ñ³Í»ÉÇ, Áݹ- [ik΄spi:djənsi] n Ýå³ï³Ï³Ñ³ñÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ.
ɳÛÝ»ÉÇ: on grounds of ~ »ÉÝ»Éáí Ýå³ï³Ï³Ñ³ñ-
expansion [iks΄pæn∫n] n ÁݹɳÛÝáõÙ, ɳÛݳ- Ù³ñáõÃÛáõÝÇó:
óáõÙ. ³×, ½³ñ·³óáõÙ. the ~ of electronics in- expedient [ik΄spi:diənt] a Ýå³ï³Ï³Ñ³ñ-
dustry ¿É»ÏïñáݳÛÇÝ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳμ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ñ. ѳñÙ³ñ, Ó»éÝïáõ:
Áݹ³ñÓ³ÏáõÙ/³×: expedite [΄ekspədait] v ³ñ³·³óÝ»É, Ýå³ë-
expansive [iks΄pænsiv] a Áݹ³ñÓ³Ï, ɳÛݳ- ï»É. ~ matters ·áñÍ»ñÁ Ñ»ßï³óÝ»É. ~ deliv-
ͳí³É. μ³óëÇñï, ѳÕáñ¹³ë»ñ. ³ÕÙÏáï, ery ³é³ùáõÙÝ ³ñ³·³óÝ»É. ~ business ·áñÍÝ
³Ý½áõëå: ³ñ³·³óÝ»É:
expatiate [eks΄pei∫ieit] v ï³ñ³Íí»É (ûٳÛÇ expedition [‚ekspə΄di∫n] n ³ñß³í³ËáõÙμ,
ßáõñçÁ). ~ on a subject ï³ñ³Íí»É ûٳÛÇ ¿ùë廹Çódz. ³ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝ. an ~ to the
ßáõñçÁ: North Pole ³ñß³í³ËáõÙμ ¹»åÇ ÐÛáõëÇë³-
expatriate [eks΄pætriət] n íï³ñ³Ý¹Ç, ³ñ- ÛÇÝ μ¨»é. with ~ ³ñ³·:
ï³·³ÕóÍ, ѳÛñ»Ý³·Ý³ó: expeditionary [‚ekspə΄di∫nəri] a ³ñß³í³-
expatriate [eks΄pætrieit] v ѳÛñ»ÝÇùÇó ÛÇÝ, ¿ùë廹ÇóÇáÝ. an ~ force é½Ù. ³ñß³í³-
íï³ñ»É. ~ oneself ³ñï³·³ÕûÉ, íï³- ÛÇÝ/¿ùë廹ÇóÇáÝ ½áñù»ñ:
ñ³Ý¹»É: expeditious [‚ekspə΄di∫əs] a ³ñ³·ÁÝóó,
expect [ik΄spekt] v ëå³ë»É, ³ÏÝϳɻÉ, Ñáõ- ³ñ³·³ß³ñÅ. ׳ñåÇÏ:
ë³É. ~ a letter/telegram/friend ݳٳÏÇ/Ñ»é³- expel [ik΄spel] v íï³ñ»É, Ñ»é³óÝ»É. ~ from
·ñÇ/ÁÝÏ»ñáç ëå³ë»É. as ~ed ÇÝãå»ë ¨ school ¹åñáóÇó Ñ»é³óÝ»É:
ëå³ëíáõÙ ¿ñ. when least ~ed »ñμ ³Ù»Ý³ùÇã expend [ik΄spend] v ͳËë»É, í³ïÝ»É. ~ time
»Ý ëå³ëáõÙ/ѳٳñÛ³ ã»Ý ëå³ëáõÙ. The and money Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ¨ ÷áÕ Í³Ëë»É. ~ much
answer can’t be ~ed before... ä³ï³ë˳ÝÁ effort ÷Ëμ. ß³ï ç³Ýù»ñ ·áñͳ¹ñ»É. ~ am-
ϳñ»ÉÇ ¿ ëå³ë»É ÙdzÛÝ... ³é³ç. We ~ed munition é½Ù. ³ÙμáÕç é³½Ù³ÙûñùÁ û·-
help from them Ø»Ýù Ýñ³ÝóÇó û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ï³·áñÍ»É:
¿ÇÝù ³ÏÝϳÉáõÙ. (»Ýó¹ñ»É, Ùï³Í»É) I ~ expenditure [ik΄spendit∫ə] n ͳËë, ͳË-
he’ll come later ºÝó¹ñáõÙ »Ù, áñ ݳ ³í»ÉÇ ë»ñ, í³ïÝáõÙ. ~ on armaments é½Ù. ëå³é³-
áõß Ï·³. I ~ you’re tired γñÍáõÙ »Ù` Ñá·- ½ÇÝáõÃÛ³Ý Í³Ëë»ñ. limit one’s ~ͳËë»ñÁ
Ý³Í »ù. (å³Ñ³Ýç»É) You ~ too much of her ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï»É. actual/capital ~ ÷³ëï³-
¸áõù Ýñ³ÝÇó ß³ï μ³Ý »ù å³Ñ³ÝçáõÙ. óÇ/ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý Í³Ëë»ñ. after ~ of much time
What am I ~ed to do? ƱÝã ¿ ÇÝÓÝÇó å³- and effort ÷Ëμ. ß³ï Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ¨ ×Ç·»ñ
ѳÝçíáõÙ. They ~ you to be punctual Üñ³Ýù ïñ³Ù³¹ñ»Éáõó Ñ»ïá:
å³Ñ³ÝçáõÙ »Ý, áñ ¹áõù ×ßï³å³Ñ ÉÇÝ»ù. expense [ik΄spens] n ͳËë»ñ, í³ïÝáõÙ. ѳ-
to be ~ing »ñ»Ë³ÛÇ ëå³ë»É. ÑÕÇ ÉÇÝ»É: ßÇí. ·ÇÝ, ³ñÅ»ù. living ~s ³åñáõëïÇ/Ï»Ý-
expectancy [ik΄spektənsi] n ëå³ëáõÙ, ë³Ï³Ý ͳËë»ñ. at my ~ Ç٠ѳßíÇÝ. at pub-
³ÏÝϳÉáõÙ. ѳí³Ý³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. with an air lic ~ ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ßíÇÝ. ~
of ~ ³ÏÝϳɻÉáí: account ³éѳßÇí ·áõÙ³ñ. put down to the ~
expectant [ik΄spektənt] a ëå³ëáÕ, Ñáõë³- account ·ñ»É å»ï³Ï³Ý ͳËë»ñÇ Ñ³ßíÇÝ.
óáÕ. ÑÕÇ. an ~ mother ÑÕÇ ÏÇÝ: spare no ~ ͳËë»ñ ãËݳۻÉ/ѳßíÇ ã³éÝ»É.
expectantly [ik΄spektəntli] adv ³ÝѳÙμ»ñ. regardless of ~ ѳßíÇ ã³éÝ»É Í³Ëë»ñÁ. be a
wait for smn ~ Ù»ÏÇÝ ³ÝѳÙμ»ñ ëå³ë»É: great ~ to smb, put smb to great ~ ͳËëÇ ï³Ï
expectation [‚ekspek΄tei∫n] n ëå³ëáõÙ, ·ó»É. go to great ~ Ù»Í Í³ËëÇ ï³Ï ÁÝÏÝ»É.
ÑáõÛë, ³ÏÝϳÉÇù. beyond ~ ëå³ë³ÍÇó profit at smb else’s ~ áõñÇßÇ Ñ³ßíÇó ß³-
³í»ÉÇ. contrary to/against all ~s ѳϳé³Ï Ñ»É/û·ïí»É. at the ~ of one’s health ³éáÕçáõ-
ëå³ë³ÍÇ. in ~ of ÑáõÛëáí, Ñáõë³Éáí. ac- ÃÛ³Ý ·Ýáí. at the ~ of one’s life ÏÛ³ÝùÇ ·Ýáí.
cording to ~s ÇÝãå»ë ¨ ëå³ëíáõÙ ¿ñ. live up laugh at smb’s ~ Ù»ÏÇ íñ³ ÍÇͳջÉ. travel-
expensive 303 explicit

ling ~ ׳ݳå³ñѳͳËë, ·áñÍáõÕÙ³Ý Ñ»ÍÛ³É. an ~ historian ·Çï³Ï å³ïÙ³μ³Ý.


ͳËë. ~s ͳËë»ñ. current ~s ÁÝóóÇÏ an ~ mechanic áñ³ÏÛ³É Ù»Ë³ÝÇÏ. ~ opinion
ͳËë»ñ. cut down/share/increase the ~s Ïñ׳- ·Çï³ÏÝ»ñÇ Ï³ñÍÇù. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ knowledge
ï»É/ÏÇë»É/³í»É³óÝ»É Í³Ëë»ñÁ. ~s ͳË- ÷áñÓ³·Çï³Ï³Ý ·Çï»ÉÇù. ~ support system
ë»ñ. entertainment ~ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóã³Ï³Ý ³ç³ÏóÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·. ~ user ¿ùëå»ñï
ͳËë»ñ. overhead ~ í»ñ³¹Çñ ͳËë»ñ. le- û·ï³·áñÍáÕ:
gal ~ ¹³ï³Ï³Ý ͳËë»ñ. pay smb’s ~ Ù»ÏÇ expertise [‚ekspə:΄ti:z] n μ³ÝÇÙ³óáõÃÛáõÝ,
ͳËë»ñÁ í׳ñ»É/ѳßÇíÁ ÷³Ï»É: Çñ³½»ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. field of ~ ÷áñÓ³·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý
expensive [ik΄spensiv] a óÝÏ, óÝϳñÅ»ù. áÉáñï. undergo ~ ÷áñÓ³ùÝÝáõÃÛ³Ý »Ý-
³ñÅ»ù³íáñ. ~ car/coat /education/ jewellery óñÏí»É:
óÝÏ Ù»ù»Ý³/ í»ñ³ñÏáõ /ÏñÃáõÃÛáõÝ. expiate [΄ekspieit] v ù³í»É (ѳÝó³ÝùÁ, Ù»Õ-
óÝϳñÅ»ù áëÏ»ñã³Ï³Ý Çñ»ñ: ùÁ):
experience [ik΄spiəriəns] n ÷áñÓ³éáõÃÛáõÝ. expiration [‚ekspə΄rei∫n] n ųÙÏ»ïÇ Éñ³-
ÏÛ³ÝùÇ ÷áñÓ. know by/from ~ ³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý Ý³ÉÁ/ ³í³ñï/ ³ÝóáõÙ. ³ñï³ßÝãáõÙ. the ~
÷áñÓáí ÇٳݳÉ. learn by ~ ¹³éÁ ÷áñÓáí of quarantine period ϳñ³ÝïÇÝÇ Å³ÙÏ»ïÇ
ÇٳݳÉ/ѳÙá½í»É. (³ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ Éñ³Ý³ÉÁ. the ~ of a lease í³ñӳϳÉáõÃÛ³Ý
ëï³Å) 10 years teaching ~ 10 ï³ñí³ ¹³- ųÙÏ»ïÇ Éñ³Ý³ÉÁ:
ë³ïáõ³Ï³Ý ëï³Å. no ~ necessary ëï³ÅÁ expiratory [ik΄spairətəri] a ³ñï³ßÝã³Ï³Ý,
å³ñï³¹Çñ ã¿/ãÇ å³Ñ³ÝçíáõÙ. a workman ³ñï³ßÝãÙ³Ý:
of ~ ÷áñÓí³Í/áñ³ÏÛ³É μ³Ýíáñ. (¹»åù, expire [ik΄spaiə] v ³ñï³ßÝã»É. Ù³ñ»É. Ñá·ÇÝ
³ñϳÍ) an alarming ~ íï³Ý·³íáñ ³ñϳÍ. ³í³Ý¹»É. ųÙÏ»ïÁ í»ñç³Ý³É/Éñ³-
a strange ~ ï³ñûñÇÝ³Ï ¹»åù: ݳÉ/³í³ñïí»É. áõÅÁ ÏáñóÝ»É. My driving li-
experience [ik΄spiəriəns] v Ïñ»É, ½·³É, ï³- cense has ~d ÆÙ í³ñáñ¹³Ï³Ý Çñ³íáõÝùÇ
Ý»É. ~ joy/hardship áõñ³ËáõÃÛáõÝ ½·³É. ųÙÏ»ïÁ ³í³ñïí»É ¿:
¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ Ïñ»É. ~ pain/grief ó³í explain [ik΄splein] v μ³ó³ïñ»É, Ù»Ïݳμ³-
ï³Ý»É/½·³É. íÇßï í»ñ³åñ»É: Ý»É. ~ the meaning of the word μ³éÇ ÇÙ³ëïÁ
experienced [ik΄spiəriənst] a ÷áñÓ³éáõ, μ³ó³ïñ»É. ~ a theory ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ Ý»ñϳ-
ëï³Å³íáñ, áñ³ÏÛ³É: Û³óÝ»É. That ~s it! ÐÇÙ³ ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã å³ñ½ ¿.
experiment [ik΄sperimənt] n ÷áñÓ, ·Çï³- ~ yourself ²ë»ù ÇÝãÝ ¿ μ³ÝÁ. Ø»Ïݳμ³Ý»ù
÷áñÓ. as an ~ áñå»ë ÷áñÓ. prove by ~ ÷áñ- Ó»ñ í³ñí»É³Ï»ñåÁ:
Óáí ³å³óáõó»É. conduct ~ ÷áñÓ Ï³ï³ñ»É/ explanation [‚eksplə΄nei∫n] n μ³ó³ïñáõ-
³ÝóϳóÝ»É. carry out an ~ in chemistry ùÇ- ÃÛáõÝ, Ù»Ïݳμ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. clear/brief/full/ac-
ÙdzÛÇó ÷áñÓ ¹Ý»É: ceptable ~ å³ñ½/ϳñ×/ÉñÇí/ÁݹáõÝ»ÉÇ μ³-
experiment [ik΄speriment] v ÷áñÓ³ñÏ»É, ó³ïñáõÃÛáõÝ. need no ~ μ³ó³ïñáõÃÛ³Ý
÷áñÓ ³Ý»É. ~ on dogs ßÝ»ñÇ íñ³ ÷áñÓ»ñ ϳñÇù ã½·³É. There must be some ~ ä»ïù ¿
ϳï³ñ»É. ~ with new materials Ýáñ ÝÛáõû- áñ ÇÝã-áñ μ³ó³ïñáõÃÛáõÝ ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»-
ñáí ÷áñÓ»ñ ³Ý»É: ݳ. in ~ of his behaviour Ýñ³ í³ñù³·ÇÍÁ
experimental [ik‚speri΄mentl] a ÷áñÓݳ- μ³ó³ïñ»Éáõ ѳٳñ/Ýå³ï³Ïáí:
ϳÝ, ÷áñÓ³é³Ï³Ý. an ~ farm ÷áñÓ³ñ³- explanatory [ik΄splænətəri] a μ³ó³ïñ³-
ñ³Ï³Ý ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ. on an ~ basis ÷áñÓÇ Ï³Ý, Ù»Ïݳμ³Ý³Ï³Ý. an ~ letter μ³ó³ï-
ÑÇÙ³Ý íñ³: ñ³Ï³Ý ݳٳÏ/»ñÏïáÕ/÷³ëï³ÃáõÕÃ. ~
experimentation [ek‚sperimen΄tei∫n] n text/footnote μ³ó³ïñ³Ï³Ý ï»ùëï/ͳÝá-
÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙ: ó·ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
expert [΄ekspə:t] n Ù³ëݳ·»ï, ·Çï³Ï, explicable [ik΄splikəbl] a μ³ó³ïñ»ÉÇ:
÷áñÓ³·»ï. medical ~ μÅßÏ³Ï³Ý ÷áñÓ³- explicate [΄eksplikeit] v ½³ñ·³óÝ»É (ÙÇï-
·»ï. a group of ~s ÷áñÓ³·»ïÝ»ñÇ ËáõÙμ. ~ ùÁ), Ù»Ïݳμ³Ý»É, å³ñ½³μ³Ý»É:
witness ÷áñÓ³·»ï íϳ. an ~ on economics explicit [ik΄splisit] a å³ñ½, áñáß³ÏÇ,
ïÝï»ë³·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëݳ·»ï: Ñëï³Ï. be quite ~ that å³ñ½/áñáß³ÏÇáñ»Ý
expert [΄ekspə:t] a ÷áñÓí³Í, ÷áñÓ³éáõ, ·Ç- ѳëϳóÝ»É, áñ:
ï³Ï. an ~ driver/rider ÷áñÓí³Í í³ñáñ¹/ explode [ik΄spləud] v å³ÛûóÝ»É. ÷Ëμ.
explode 304 express

åáéÃϳÉ. ~ a bomb éáõÙμ å³ÛûóÝ»É. ~ a ³é³ñϳݻñÇ ³é¨ïáõñ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ command


theory ç³Ëç³Ë»É ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÁ. On hearing ³ñï³Ñ³ÝÙ³Ý Ññ³Ñ³Ý·. ~ data ïíÛ³ÉÝ»-
the lie he ~d ܳ åáéÃϳó Éë»Éáí ëáõï ѳÛ- ñÇ ³ñï³Ñ³ÝáõÙ:
ï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ: export [ik΄spɔ:t] v ³ñï³Ñ³Ý»É£
exploit [΄eksplɔit] n ëËñ³·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ: exportable [ik΄spɔ:təbl] a ³ñï³Ñ³ÝÙ³Ý
exploit [ik΄splɔit] v ߳ѳ·áñÍ»É, û·ï³·áñ- »Ýóϳ. Soft fruit is not easily ~ ²ñ³· ÷ã³-
Í»É. Ù߳ϻÉ. ~ a mine(s) ѳÝù(»ñÁ) Ù߳ϻÉ. óáÕ ÙÇñ·Á ³ñï³Ñ³ÝÙ³Ý »Ýóϳ ã¿:
~ smb’s good nature ã³ñ³ß³Ñ»É Ù»ÏÇ μ³ñáõ- exportation [‚ekspɔ:΄tei∫n] n ³ñï³Ñ³ÝáõÙ:
ÃÛáõÝÁ: expose [ik΄spəuz] v μ³ó»É, μ³ó ³Ý»É, μ³ó³-
exploitation [‚eksplɔi΄tei∫n] n ߳ѳ·áñ- ѳÛï»É. ~ a plot μ³ó»É/μ³ó³Ñ³Ûï»É ¹³-
ÍáõÙ. (ѳÝù»ñÇ) Ùß³ÏáõÙ: í³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ an imposter Ù»ñϳóÝ»É Ë³-
exploiter [ik΄splɔitə] n ߳ѳ·áñÍáÕ, ߳ѳ- μ»μ³ÛÇÝ. (óáõó³¹ñ»É) ~ the goods in the shop
·áñÍÇã: window ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÁ óáõó³÷»ÕÏáõÙ óáõ-
exploration [‚eksplə΄rei∫n] n áõëáõÙݳëÇ- ó³¹ñ»É. ~ one’s ignorance ï·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝÁ
ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ѻﳽáïáõÃÛáõÝ. Ñ»ï³Ëáõ½áõ- óáõó³¹ñ»É. íï³Ý·Ç »ÝóñÏ»É, ÃáÕÝ»É
ÃÛáõÝ. the ~ of the structure ϳéáõóí³ÍùÇ μ³ËïÇ ùٳѳ×áõÛùÇÝ ~ to danger/risk
áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝÁ íï³Ý·Ç/éÇëÏÇ »ÝóñÏ»É. be ~d to the rain/
explorative [ek΄splɒrətiv] a ѻﳽáï³- the sun ³ÝÓñ¨Ç/³ñ¨Ç ï³Ï ÉÇÝ»É/·ïÝí»É. be
ϳÝ, Ñ»ï³Ëáõ½³Ï³Ý: ~d to ridicule ͳÕñÇ »ÝóñÏí»É. be ~d to in-
exploratory [ek΄splɒrətəri] a ѻﳽáï³- fection í³ñ³ÏÇ »Ýóϳ ÉÇÝ»É:
ϳÝ, Ñ»ï³Ëáõ½³Ï³Ý: exposed [ik΄spəuzd] a ÉëÝÏ. an ~ film ÉáõÛëÇ
explore [ik΄splɔ:] v ѻﳽáï»É. ~ outer spa- ³½¹»óáõÃÛ³ÝÁ »ÝóñÏí³Í ųå³í»Ý. an
ce ѻﳽáï»É ïÇ»½»ñùÁ. (áõëáõÙݳëÇñ»É) ~ nerve μ³ó ÝÛ³ñ¹. ~ to the weather ù³Ùáõó
~ a problem/question/possibilities ѳñóÁ/ ãå³ßïå³Ýí³Í:
åñáμÉ»ÙÁ/Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ áõëáõÙ- exposition [‚ekspə΄zi∫n] n μ³ó³ïñáõÃÛáõÝ,
ݳëÇñ»É/å³ñ½»É: Ù»Ïݳμ³ÝáõÙ. ÉëÝÏ. å³Ñ³Å³Ù. ~ of a the-
explorer [ik΄splɔ:rə] n ѻﳽáïáÕ: ory ï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»Ïݳμ³ÝáõÙ:
explosion [ik΄spləu:зn] n å³ÛÃÛáõÝ. ÷Ëμ. expositive [ik΄spɒzitiv] a Ýϳñ³·ñ³Ï³Ý,
ѳÝϳñͳÏÇ μéÝÏáõÙ/åáéÃÏáõÙ. volcanic ~ μ³ó³ïñ³Ï³Ý:
Ññ³μËÇ Å³ÛÃùáõÙ. an ~ of laughter/anger ÍÇ- expository [ik΄spɒzətəri] a μ³ó³ïñ³Ï³Ý:
ͳÕÇ/½³ÛñáõÛÃÇ åáéÃÏáõÙ. culture ~ Ùß³- expostulate [ik΄spɒstjuleit] v Ñáñ¹áñ»É, ѳ-
ÏáõÛÃÇ Í³ÕÏáõÙ. the population ~ μݳÏãáõ- Ùá½»É. She ~d with Harry ܳ ѳÙá½áõÙ ¿ñ
ÃÛ³Ý ³ñï³Ï³ñ· ³×: гññÇÇÝ:
explosive [ik΄spləusiv] n å³ÛÃáõóÇÏ ÝÛáõÃ. exposure [ik΄spəuзə] n óáõó³¹ñáõÙ. the ~ of
ÑÝã. å³ÛÃ³Ï³Ý ÑÝãÛáõÝ: the head ·ÉËÇ Ù»ñϳóáõÙÁ. The house has a
explosive [ik΄spləusiv] a å³ÛÃáõóÇÏ, southern ~ Þ»ÝùÁ ѳñ³í ¿ ݳÛáõÙ. ~ to the
μéÝÏíáÕ. ~ force/blast å³ÛÃáõóÇÏ áõÅ/³ÉÇù. weather/the sun/the rain »Õ³Ý³ÏÇ/³ñ¨Ç/³ÝÓ-
÷Ëμ. ¹Ûáõñ³·ñ·Çé, μéÝÏíáÕ. an ~ temper ñ¨Ç ³½¹»óáõÃÛ³ÝÁ »Ýóϳ ÉÇÝ»É. ~ of a
¹Ûáõñ³μáñμáù/μéÝÏíáÕ Ë³éÝí³Íù. ~ issue crime á×ñ³·áñÍáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ñϳóáõÙ. Ýϳñ,
íï³Ý·³íáñ ûٳ: ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý Éáõë³Ýϳñ/ýáïá ~ meter
exponent [ik΄spəunənt] n Ù»Ïݳμ³Ý. ÝÙáõß, ¿ùëå³ÝáÙ»ïñ:
ûñÇݳÏ. ~ of the Bible ²ëïí³Í³ßÝãÇ Ù»Ï- expound [ik΄spaund] v ß³ñ³¹ñ»É. μ³ó³ï-
ݳμ³Ý: ñ»É, Ù»Ïݳμ³Ý»É:
export [΄ekspɔ:t] n ³ñï³Ñ³ÝáõÙ, ¿ùëåáñï. express [ik΄spres] n ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÙ, ³ñï³-
articles of ~ ³ñï³Ñ³ÝÙ³Ý ³é³ñϳݻñ. the ѳÛïáõÃÛáõÝ. an ~ of doubt ϳëϳͳÝùÇ
chief ~s ³ñï³Ñ³ÝÙ³Ý ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ³é³ñ- ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÙ/³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÃÛáõÝ. a trou-
ϳݻñÁ: bled ~ ³ÝѳݷÇëï ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÃÛáõÝ.
export [΄ekspɔ:t] a ³ñï³Ñ³ÝÙ³Ý, ¿ùëåáñ- »ñÏÃ. ×»åÁÝóó. ÷áëï³ÛÇÝ ßï³å ³é³-
ï³ÛÇÝ. ~ department/duty ³ñï³Ñ³ÝÙ³Ý ùáõÙ.
μ³Å³ÝÙáõÝù/Ù³ùë. ~ trade ³ñï³Ñ³ÝÙ³Ý express [ik΄spres] a ѳïáõÏ, ßï³å. »ñÏÃ.
express 305 extenuate

×»åÁÝóó. ~ letter/train/messenger ßï³å óñí³Í/å³ßïáݳÃáÕ ½ÇÝíáñ³Ï³Ý:


ݳٳÏ, ×»åÁÝóó, ëáõñѳݹ³Ï. (å³ñ½, extant [ek΄stænt] a å³Ñå³Ýí³Í, Ùݳó³Í.
áñáß³ÏÇ) ~ wish áñáß³ÏÇ ó³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ the only copy ~ ÙÇ³Ï å³Ñå³Ýí³Í ûñÇ-
purpose ѳïáõÏ Ýå³ï³Ï. ~ command ËÇëï ݳÏÁ:
ϳñ·³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ/Ññ³Ù³Ý. ~ terms ×Çßï/ extemporary [ik΄stempərəri]1. a ѳÝå³ï-
×ß·ñÇï óáõóÙáõÝùÝ»ñ. an ~ of doubt ϳëϳ- ñ³ëïÇó ëï»ÕÍí³Í. 2. adv. ѳÝå³ïñ³ë-
ͳÝùÇ ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÙ/³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÃÛáõÝ£ ïÇó:
express [ik΄spres] v ³ñï³Ñ³Ûï»É. ~ a wish extemporize [ik΄stempəraiz] v ѳÝå³ï-
ó³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ ³ñï³Ñ³Ûï»É. ~ oneself ³ñ- ñ³ëïÇó ëï»ÕÍ»É/ÑáñÇÝ»É:
ï³Ñ³Ûïí»É. He can’t ~ himself well ܳ ãÇ extend [ik΄stend] v Ó·»É, »ñϳñ³óÝ»É. ~ time
ϳñáÕ³ÝáõÙ Çñ Ùïù»ñÁ å³ñ½ ß³ñ³¹ñ»É. ųٳݳÏÁ »ñϳñ³óÝ»É. ~ one’s hand Ó»é-
(ù³Ù»É) ~ the juice of a lemon ÉÇÙáÝÇ ÑÛáõÃÁ ùÁ Ù»ÏÝ»É. The road ~ed for miles ֳݳ-
ù³Ù»É: å³ñÑÁ Ó·íáõÙ ¿ñ ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ ÙÕáÝ. ~ a visit
express [ik΄spres] adv ßï³å. travel ~ ×»å- ³Ûó»ÉáõÃÛáõÝÁ »ñϳñ³Ó·»É. ~ the garden
ÁÝóóáí ׳Ù÷áñ¹»É. send a letter ~ßï³å ³Û·áõ ï³ñ³ÍùÁ Áݹ³ñӳϻÉ. (óáõÛó ï³É,
Ý³Ù³Ï áõÕ³ñÏ»É. ~ set-up ³ñ³· ϳñ·³- óáõó³μ»ñ»É) ~ hospitality ÑÛáõñÁÝϳÉáõÃÛáõÝ
μ»ñáõÙ£ óáõó³μ»ñ»É/³é³ç³ñÏ»É. ~ an invitation to
expressible [ik΄spresəbl] a ³ñï³Ñ³Ûï»ÉÇ: smb Ù»ÏÇÝ Ññ³íÇñ»É. ~ thanks ßÝáñѳϳ-
expression [ik΄spre∫n] n ³ñï³Ñ³Ûïáõ- ÉáõÃÛáõÝ Ñ³ÛïÝ»É:
ÃÛáõÝ. beyond ~ ³Ý³ñï³Ñ³Ûï»ÉÇ. Her ~ extended [ik΄stendid] a Ó·í³Í, »ñϳñ³ó-
was full of sorrow Üñ³ ¹»ÙùÁ íÇßï ¿ñ ³ñ- í³Í. 勉ϳÝ. ~ payment í׳ñÙ³Ý »ñϳ-
ï³Ñ³ÛïáõÙ. a colloquial/literary/bookish ~ ñ³óí³Í ųÙÏ»ï:
Ëáë³Ïó³Ï³Ý/·ñ³Ï³Ý/·ñù³ÛÇÝ ³ñï³- extensibility [ik‚stensə΄biləti] n ï³ñ³Í»-
ѳÛïáõÃÛáõÝ. as an ~ of my thanking Ç Ýß³Ý ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ, Áݹ³ñӳϻÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÇÙ ßÝáñѳϳÉáõÃÛ³Ý: extensible [ik΄stensəbl] a Ó·íáÕ, Áݹ³ñÓ³-
expressionless [ik΄spre∫nləs] a ³Ý³ñï³- Ï»ÉÇ:
ѳÛïÇã, ³é³Ýó áñ¨¿ ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÃÛ³Ý: extension [ik΄sten∫n] n ï³ñ³ÍáõÙ, ÁݹɳÛ-
expressive [ik΄spresiv] a ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïÇã: ÝáõÙ, »ñϳñ³Ó·áõÙ, ß³ñáõݳÏáõÙ. an ~ to a
expressly [ik΄spresli] adv áñáß³ÏÇ, å³ñ½, building Ïó³Ï³éáõÛó, Ïó³ß»Ýù. an ~ to a road
Ñëï³Ïáñ»Ý, ×Çßï. I ~ said ºë å³ñ½ ³ë³- ׳ݳå³ñÑÇ ß³ñáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ. an ~ of a
óÇ. ~ for you ѳïáõÏ Ó»½ ѳٳñ: term ųÙÏ»ïÇ »ñϳñ³Ó·áõÙ. an ~ for an
expropriate [ek΄sprəuprieit] v μéݳ·ñ³- electric flex ¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³Ý »ñϳñ³óÝáÕ É³ñ.
í»É, ë»÷³Ï³Ý³½ñÏ»É: a table with an ~ μ³óíáÕ ë»Õ³Ý. Ñ»é. (Éñ³-
expropriation [ek‚sprəupri΄ei∫n] n μéݳ- óáõóÇã ѳٳñ) 11-11-11 extension 15 11-11-
·ñ³íáõÙ, ë»÷³Ï³Ý³½ñÏáõÙ: 11 Éñ³óáõóÇã 15:
expulsion [ik΄spΛl∫n] n ³ñï³ùëáõÙ, íï³- extensive [ik΄stensiv] a Áݹ³ñÓ³Ï, ɳÛݳ-
ñáõÙ, Ñ»é³óáõÙ. ~ from a country ³ñï³ù- ï³ñ³Í, ͳí³ÉáõÝ. Ù»Í. an ~ forest Áݹ³ñ-
ëáõÙ »ñÏñÇó. ~ from school íï³ñáõÙ ¹åñá- Ó³Ï ³Ýï³é³ÛÇÝ ï³ñ³Íù. an ~ knowledge
óÇó: Ëáñ ·Çï»ÉÇùÝ»ñ. ~ enquiries ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝ-
expurgate [΄ekspəgeit] v çÝç»É. ~ some pas- Ý»ñÇ μ³½Ù³ÏáÕÙ³ÝÇ Ñ³í³ùáõÙ. ~ repairs
sages áñáß Ñ³ïí³ÍÝ»ñ çÝç»É. an ~d edition ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý Ýáñá·áõÙ:
Ññ³ï³ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ, áñï»Õ áñáß ³Ýó³Ý- extent [ik΄stent] n Ó·í³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, ï³ñ³Íáõ-
ϳÉÇ Ñ³ïí³ÍÝ»ñ çÝçí³Í »Ý: ÃÛáõÝ, ã³÷ë»ñ. ³ëïÇ׳Ý, ã³÷. to a great ~
exquisit [΄ekskwizit] a ÁÝïÇñ, ³ñï³Ï³ñ·, Ù»Í ã³÷áí. to the full ~ ÉñÇí ã³÷áí. to a cer-
ëù³Ýã»ÉÇ. with ~ care ³ñï³Ï³ñ· ½·áõßáõ- tain ~ áñáß³ÏÇ ã³÷áí. to some ~ áñáß ã³-
ÃÛ³Ùμ. ~ workmanship ½³ñٳݳÉÇ/³ñï³- ÷áí. to a more or less ³é³í»É ϳ٠å³Ï³ë
ϳñ· í³ñå»ïáõÃÛáõÝ ~ taste Ýáõñμ/ ÝÁñμ- ã³÷áí. have no idea of the ~ ã³÷ë»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ
ÁÝïÇñ ׳߳Ï. an ~ sensibility ³Ýëáíáñ ·³Õ³÷³ñ ãáõݻݳÉ:
½·³ÛáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ: extenuate [ek΄stenjueit] v ã³÷³íáñ»É, Ýí³-
ex-serviceman [‚eks΄sə:vismən] n ½áñ³- ½»óÝ»É. ÃáõɳóÝ»É, ûè³óÝ»É. ³ñ¹³ñ³ó-
extenuation 306 extract

Ý»É. Nothing can ~ such behaviour àãÇÝã ãÇ Ïñ³ÏÁ/Ññ¹»ÑÁ. ~ hopes ÷Ëμ. ÑáõÛë»ñÁ
ϳñáÕ ³ñ¹³ñ³óÝ»É ³Û¹åÇëÇ í³ñù³·Ç- Ù³ñ»É:
ÍÁ. ~ing circumstances (ѳÝó³ÝùÁ ûè³ó- extinguisher [ik΄stiŋgwi∫ə] n Ïñ³ÏÙ³ñÇã,
ÝáÕ) Ù»ÕÙ³óáõóÇã ѳݷ³Ù³ÝùÝ»ñ: ѳݷóÝáÕ:
extenuation [ek‚stenju΄ei∫n] n ÃáõɳóáõÙ, extirpate [΄ekstə:peit] v ³ñÙ³ï³ËÇÉ ³Ý»É,
ÑÛáõÍáõÙ. ~ of the crime ѳÝó³ÝùÇ Ù»ÕÙ³ó- ³ñÙ³ïáí ѳݻÉ. μÅßÏ. Ñ»é³óÝ»É:
Ù³Ý Ñ³Ý·³Ù³Ýù: extirpator [΄ekstə:peitə] n ³ñÙ³ï³ËÇÉ
exterior [ik΄stiəriə] n ³ñï³ùÇÝÁ, ³ñï³ùÇÝ ³ÝáÕ, áãÝã³óÝáÕ. ·Õï. ³ñáñ³ó³ù³Ý,
ï»ëùÁ. the ~ of the house ï³Ý ¹ñëÇ ÏáÕÙÁ. a ÏáõÉïÇí³ïáñ:
rough ~ ÏáåÇï/ËÇëï ³ñï³ùÇÝ. a ³ñ- extol [ik΄stəul] v ÷³é³μ³Ý»É, ·áí³μ³Ý»É:
ï³ùÇÝ, ¹ñëÇ. ~ angle ³ñï³ùÇÝ ³ÝÏÛáõÝ: extort [ik΄stɔ:t] v μéÝÇ ËÉ»É, Ïáñ½»É, ¹áõñë
exterminate [ik΄stə:mineit] v μݳçÝç»É, ù³ß»É (·³ÕïÝÇùÁ). ~ a confession/promise
áãÝã³óÝ»É: ËáëïáõÙ/Ëáëïáí³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ Ïáñ½»É. `~
extermination [ik‚stə:mi΄nei∫n] n μݳ- money from smb ÷áÕ Ïáñ½»É.
çÝçáõÙ, áãÝã³óáõÙ: extortion [ik΄stɔ:∫n] n μéÝÇ Ïáñ½áõÙ, ßáñ-
exterminatory [ik΄stə:minətəri] a μݳ- ÃáõÙ, ϻջùáõÙ. Taxes are sheer ~ ËëÏó.
çÝçáÕ, áãÝã³óÝáÕ, ÏáñͳÝÇã: гñÏ»ñÁ ÇëÏ³Ï³Ý ßáñÃáõÙÝ»ñ »Ý:
external [ik΄stə:nl, ek΄stə:nl] a ³ñï³ùÇÝ, extortionate [ik΄stɔ:∫nət] a ßáñÃÇã, óɳÝ-
¹ñëÇ. ~ injuries ³ñï³ùÇÝ íݳëí³ÍùÝ»ñ. ~ ãdzϳÝ. ~ prices óɳÝãÇ³Ï³Ý ·Ý»ñ:
evidence ³ñï³ùÇÝ (ÏáÕÙݳÏÇ) íϳÛáõ- extra [΄ekstrə] n ѳí»É³í׳ñ, Éñ³óáõóÇã
ÃÛáõÝ. ~ examiner Ññ³íÇñí³Í ùÝÝáÕ. for ~ í׳ñ. óïñ. ëï³ïÇëï. Service, fire and
use only μÅßÏ. ³ñï³ùÇÝ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý light are ~s êå³ë³ñÏáõÙÁ, ç»éáõóáõÙÁ ¨
ѳٳñ. ÑÙÏñ· . ~ device address ³ñï³ùÇÝ ÉáõÛëÁ Éñ³óáõóÇã ͳËë»ñ »Ý. Coffee and
ÑÇß³ë³ñùÇ Ñ³ëó». ~ function ³ñï³ùÇÝ service are ~s êáõñ×Á ¨ ëå³ë³ñÏáõÙÁ
ýáõÝÏódz. ~ information ³ñï³ùÇÝ ÇÝýáñ- Éñ³óáõóÇã ͳËë»ñ »Ý. Safety belts are ~s
Ù³ódz. ~ reference ³ñï³ùÇÝ ÑÕáõÙ. ~ ref- öñϳ·áïÇÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ å»ïù ¿ Éñ³óáõóÇã
erence formula ³ñï³ùÇÝ ÑÕáõÙáí μ³Ý³Ó¨. í׳ñ»É:
~ storage ³ñï³ùÇÝ ÑÇß³ë³ñù. ~ symbol extra [΄ekstrə] a Éñ³óáõóÇã, ѳí»ÉÛ³É. ³ñ-
dictionary ³ñï³ùÇÝ ëÇÙíáÉÝ»ñÇ μ³é³ñ³Ý: ï³Ï³ñ·. ~ charges ѳí»ÉÛ³É Í³Ëë»ñ. ~
externalize [ek΄stə:nəlaiz] v Ù³ñÙݳíáñ»É, trains Éñ³óáõóÇ㠷ݳóùÝ»ñ. ~ pay ѳí»ÉÛ³É
³ñï³ùÇÝ ï»ëù ï³É: í׳ñ. ~ time Ùñ½. Éñ³óáõóÇã ųٳݳÏ. ~
externally [ik΄stə:n(ə)li] adv ³ñï³ùݳå»ë. quality butter/cheese μ³ñÓñ ï»ë³ÏÇ Ï³ñ³·/
~ there was nothing ²ñï³ùÇÝÇó áãÇÝã ãϳñ: å³ÝÇñ. ~ quality/grade ³ñï³Ï³ñ·/μ³ñÓ-
externals [eks΄tə:nəlz] n pl ³ñï³ùÇÝ ï»ëù/ ñ³·áõÛÝ áñ³Ï/ï»ë³Ï. three ~ chairs ¨ë »ñ»ù
ѳݷ³Ù³ÝùÝ»ñ: Éñ³óáõóÇã ³Ãáé. an ~ pair of shoes ÙÇ ³í»-
exterritorial [‚eksteri΄tɔ:riəl] a ³ñï»ñÏ- Éáñ¹ ½áõÛ· ÏáßÇÏ. an ~ ticket ³í»Éáñ¹ ïáÙë:
ñ³ÛÇÝ, ³ñï»ñÏñÛ³. ¿ùëï»ñÇïáñdzÉ: extra [΄ekstrə] adv ѳïϳå»ë, ³Ýëáíáñ
exterritoriality [‚eksteritɔ:ri΄æləti] n ³ñï- Ï»ñåáí. be ~ kind ѳïϳå»ë ëÇñ³ÉÇñ ÉÇ-
»ñÏñ³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ¿ùëï»ñÇïáñdzÉáõÃÛáõÝ: Ý»É. an ~ big apple ³Ýëáíáñ Ù»Í ËÝÓáñ. work
extinct [ik΄stiŋkt] a ѳݷ³Í, Ù³ñ³Í. ~ ³ñï³Å³ÙÛ³ ³ß˳ï»É:
¹³¹³ñ³Í, Ñݳó³Í. an ~ volcano ѳݷ³Í extract [΄ekstrækt] n ÑÛáõÃ, ÙÕí³Íù, ¿ùëï-
Ññ³μáõË. ~ species ³ÝѳÛï³ó³Í (Ù»é³Í) ñ³Ïï. fruit ~ Ùñ·Ç ÙÕí³Íù. (ѳïí³Í,
ï»ë³ÏÝ»ñ. become ~ áãÝã³Ý³É, ٳѳçÇÝç ù³Õí³Íù) an ~ from a book ѳïí³Í ·ñùÇó:
ÉÇÝ»É: extract [ik΄strækt] v ù³Ù»É, ÙÕ»É, ÑÛáõÃÁ ѳ-
extinction [ik΄stiŋk∫n] n Ù³ñáõÙ, ѳݷãáõÙ. Ý»É. ~ juice from an orange ݳñÝçÇ ÑÛáõÃÁ
áãÝã³Ý³ÉÁ. ٳѳçÝçáõÙ. ¹³¹³ñ»óáõÙ, ù³Ù»É. (¹áõñë) Ñ³Ý»É ~ a bullet/a cork ·Ý¹³-
í»ñ³óáõÙ. the ~ of a fire Ññ¹»ÑÇ/Ïñ³ÏÇ ÏÁ/Ëó³ÝÁ ѳݻÉ. ~ a tooth ³ï³ÙÁ ѳݻÉ/
Ù³ñáõÙ: Ñ»é³óÝ»É. ~ ore ѳÝù ³ñ¹ÛáõݳѳݻÉ. ~ a
extinguish [ik΄stiŋgwi∫] v ѳݷóÝ»É, Ù³ñ»É. passage from Hamlet ÁÝïñ»É ÙÇ Ñ³ïí³Í
~ the light/the fire Ù³ñ»É ÉáõÛëÁ, ѳݷóÝ»É “гÙÉ»ïÇó” ~ a square Ù³Ã. ù³é³ÏáõëÇ
extraction 307 exude

³ñÙ³ï ѳݻÉ. ~ information ï»Õ»Ïáõ- extreme [ik΄stri:m] a ͳÛñ³Ñ»Õ, ³Ù»Ý³Ñ»-


ÃÛáõÝ/ÇÝýáñÙ³ódz Ó»éù μ»ñ»É: é³íáñ, í»ñçÇÝ. in the ~ North ͳÛñ³Ñ»Õ
extraction [ik΄stræk∫n] n ѳÝáõÙ, ³ñ¹Ûáõ- ÑÛáõëÇëáõÙ. at the ~ end ³Ù»Ý³Í³ÛñáõÙ,
ݳѳÝáõÙ, Ñ»é³óáõÙ. ͳ·áõÙ. He is of Ger- ³Ù»Ý³í»ñçáõÙ. (³ñï³Ï³ñ·, μ³ñÓñ³-
man ~ ܳ ͳ·áõÙáí ·»ñٳݳóÇ ¿: ·áõÛÝ) ~ poverty/cruelty/patience ͳÛñ³Ñ»Õ
extractive [ik΄stræktiv] n ѳÝíáÕ, ³ñï³- ³Õù³ïáõÃÛáõÝ. ³ñï³Ï³ñ· ¹³Å³Ýáõ-
ѳÝíáÕ, ³ñ¹ÛáõݳѳÝíáÕ: ÃÛáõÝ/ ѳÙμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. in ~ pain ËÇëï ï³-
extradite [΄ekstrədait] v (ѳÝó³·áñÍÇÝ ³ÛÉ é³å³ÝùÝ»ñáí. ~ old age ËáñÁ Í»ñáõÃÛáõÝ.
å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý) ѳÝÓÝ»É, í»ñ³¹³ñÓÝ»É: ~ youth í³Õ »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹áõÃÛáõÝ. the ~ pe-
extradition [‚ekstrə΄di∫n] n ѳÝÓÝáõÙ, nalty å³ïÅÇ ·»ñ³·áõÛÝ ã³÷. ~ opinions
ѳÝÓÝ»ÉÁ (ѳÝó³·áñÍÇÝ) ~ treaty ѳÝó³- ïñ³Ù³·Íáñ»Ý ѳϳé³Ï/ѳϳ¹Çñ ϳñ-
·áñÍÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³ÝÓÝ»Éáõ å³Ûٳݳ·Çñ: ÍÇùÝ»ñ. hold ~ views ͳÛñ³Ñ»Õ ï»ë³Ï»ï-
extramarital [‚ekstrə΄mæritl] a ³ñï³Ùáõë- Ý»ñÇ Ñ³ñ»É:
ݳϳÝ: extremely [ik΄stri:mli] adv ã³÷³½³Ýó,
extraneous [ik΄streiniəs] a ûï³ñ, ÏáÕÙݳ- ͳÛñ³ëïÇ׳Ý, ë³ëïÇÏ. ~ complicated ³ñ-
ÏÇ. ~ interference ÏáÕÙݳÏÇ ÙÇç³ÙïáõÃÛáõÝ. ï³Ï³ñ· μ³ñ¹. ~ necessary/rare ã³÷³½³Ýó
an~ body ûï³ñ Ù³ñÙÇÝ. ~ considerations ³ÛÉ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï/ѳ½í³¹»å:
Ýϳï³éáõÙÝ»ñ. ~ to the subject ûٳÛÇÝ extremeness [ik΄stri:mnəs] n ͳÛñ³Ñ»-
ãí»ñ³μ»ñáÕ: ÕáõÃÛáõÝ (ѳ۳óùÝ»ñÇ)£
extraordinarily [ik΄strɔ:d(ə)n(ə)rəli] adv extremist [ik΄stri:mist] n ͳÛñ³Ñ»Õ³Ï³Ý:
³ñï³ëáíáñ, ³Ýëáíáñ, ³ñï³Ï³ñ·. ½³ñ- extremit/y [ik΄streməti] n ͳÛñ, »½ñ, í»ñç,
ٳݳÉÇáñ»Ý. ~ kind ³ñï³Ï³ñ·/½³ñÙ³- í»ñç³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. the ~ies ϽÙË. í»ñç³íá-
ݳÉÇáñ»Ý μ³ñÇ: ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ/Ó»éù»ñ, áïù»ñ be driven to
extraordinary [ik΄strɔ:d(ə)nəri] a ³ñï³- ~ies ͳÛñ³Ñ»Õ íÇ׳ÏÇ/ͳÛñ³Ñ»ÕáõÃÛ³Ý/
ëáíáñ, ³ñï³Ï³ñ·, ³Ýëáíáñ. ½³ñٳݳ- Ñáõë³Ñ³ïáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ëÝ»É. ~ ies ùÕù. ͳÛ-
ÉÇ, ï³ñûñÇݳÏ. ~ success ³ñï³Ï³ñ· ѳ- ñ³Ñ»Õ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ. help people in their ~ies
çáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. an ~ talent ³ñï³Ï³ñ· ï³- Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó û·Ý»É ͳÛñ³Ñ»Õ ³Õù³ïáõ-
ճݹ. ~ weather ³Ýëáíáñ »Õ³Ý³Ï. an ~ ÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç:
taste ï³ñûñÇÝ³Ï Ñ³Ù: extricate [΄ekstrikeit] v ³½³ïí»É, Ý»Õ íÇ-
extrasensory [‚ekstrə΄sensəri] a ³ñï³- ׳ÏÇó ¹áõñë μ»ñ»É. ~ oneself Ý»Õ íÇ׳ÏÇó
½·³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ. ~ perception ³ñï³½·³- ¹áõñë ·³É. ~ a lorry from the mud μ»éݳï³-
ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ÇÙ³óáõÃÛáõÝ/ÁÝϳÉáõÙ/׳ݳãáõÙ: ñÁ ó»ËÇó ¹áõñë ù³ß»É:
extravagance [iks’trævigəns], extrava- extrinsic(al) [eks΄trinsik(l)] a ³ñï³ùÇÝ, áã
gancy [ik‚strævəgənsi], n ˻ɳéáõÃÛáõÝ. ¿³Ï³Ý:
³ÝѻûÃáõÃÛáõÝ. ³Ý½ëåáõÃÛáõÝ. ßé³ÛÉáõÙ: extrovert [΄ekstrəuvə:t] n Ñá·»μ. ³ñïáõÕÕ-
extravagant [ik΄strævəgənt] a ˻ɳé, Ë»ÝÃ. í³Í, ¿ùëïñáí»ñï. ÷Ëμ. ³ßËáõÛÅ, Ï»Ýë³-
³ÝѻûÃ. ³Ý½áõëå. ~ taste ï³ñûñÇݳÏ/ ËÇݹ:
³Ýѻûà ׳߳Ï. an ~ woman ßé³ÛÉ/ÙëËáÕ extrude [ik΄stru:d] v ¹áõñë ÙÕ»É, ѳݻÉ:
ÏÇÝ. ~ praise ã³÷Çó ³í»ÉÇ ·áí»ëïÝ»ñ: exuberance [ig΄zju:brəns], exuberancy
extra-violet [΄ekstrə΄vaiəlit] a ýǽ. áõÉïñ³- [ig΄zju:brənsi] n ³é³ïáõÃÛáõÝ, ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ,
Ù³Ýáõ߳ϳ·áõÛÝ: ѳñëïáõÃÛáõÝ:
extreme [ik΄stri:m] n ͳÛñ³Ñ»ÕáõÃÛáõÝ, exuberant [ig΄zju:brənt] a ³é³ï. Ñáñ¹³-
ͳÛñ³Ñ»Õ ³ëïÇ׳Ý. in the ~ í»ñÇÝ ³ëïÇ- é³ï. ѳñáõëï. ×áË, ÷³ñó٠(μáõë³Ï³-
׳ÝÇ, ͳÛñ³ëïÇ׳Ý. go to ~s ͳÛñ³Ñ»Õ ÝáõÃÛáõÝ). ~ health ͳÕϳ÷ÃÇà ³éáÕçáõ-
ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ ¹ÇÙ»É. go from one ~ to the other ÃÛáõÝ. ~ high spirits μáõéÝ áõñ³ËáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÙÇ Í³Ûñ³Ñ»ÕáõÃÛáõÝÇó ÙÛáõëÇ Ù»ç ÁÝÏÝ»É. exudation [‚eksju΄dei∫n] n ùñïݳÃáñáõÙ,
run to an ~ ͳÛñ³Ñ»ÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÁÝÏÝ»É. ~s ùñïÝáõÙ. μÅßÏ. ³ñï³ÍáñáõÙ:
of heat and cold ËÇëï ó³Ù³ù³ÛÇÝ ÏÉÇÙ³. exude [ig΄zju:d] v ³ñï³¹ñ(í)»É, ³ñï³Ãáñ-
E~s meet ̳Ûñ³Ñ»ÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ѳݹÇ- (í)»É. Ñáë»É, Íáñ»É. He ~s self-confidence ܳ
åáõÙ »Ý/ÙdzÝáõÙ »Ý: ß³ï ÇÝùݳíëï³Ñ ¿:
exult 308 eye-witness

exult [ig΄zΛlt] v óÝͳÉ, Ññ×í»É. The people good/weak ~s ɳí/ÃáõÛÉ ï»ëáÕáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»-
~ed سñ¹ÇÏ óÝͳóÇÝ, Ññ×í»óÇÝ. ~ over the ݳÉ. measure by ~ ³ãùÇ ã³÷áí. judging by ~
defeat of the opponents áõñ³Ë³Ý³É ѳϳ- ³ãùÇó ¹³ï»Éáí. under his very ~s Ýñ³ ³ãùÇ
é³Ïáñ¹Ç å³ñïáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³å³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ùμ: ³é³ç. as far as the ~ can see ÇÝãù³Ý ³ãùÁ
exultant [ig΄zΛltənt] a óÝͳóáÕ, óÝͳÉÇó, ÏÏïñÇ keep one’s ~s off ³ãùÁ Ïïñ»É. ~s left!
Ññ×íáÕ: é½Ù. Ó³Ë Ñ³íë³ñ. in the ~s of the law
exultation [‚egzΛl΄tei∫n] n óÝÍáõÃÛáõÝ, ûñ»ÝùÇ ³ãùáõÙ. be in the public ~ μáÉáñÇ
Ññ×í³Ýù: ³ãùÇ ³é³ç ÉÇÝ»É (ÙÇßï Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó Ù»ç
eye [ai] n ³ãù, ³ÏÝ, ï»ëáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. fine/wide- ÉÇÝ»É). ~ for ~ ³ÏÝ Áݹ ³Ï³Ý. That’s all my
set/close - set/near-sighted /sunken ~s ·»Õ»óÇÏ/ ~ËëÏó. ²Û¹ μáÉáñÁ ÑÇÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ¿:
Çñ³ñÇó Ñ»éáõ ï»Õ³¹ñí³Í/ Ùáï ï»Õ³- eye [ai] v áõß³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ ݳۻÉ. ïÝïÕ»É,
¹ñí³Í/ ϳñ׳ï»ë/÷áë ÁÝÏ³Í ³ãù»ñ. pro- ½ÝÝ»É. ~ with curiosity/suspicion Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõ-
truding/saucer ~s ¹áõñë åñͳÍ/ÏÉáñ ³ãù»ñ. ÃÛ³Ùμ/ ϳëϳͳÝùáí ïÝïÕ»É/ݳۻÉ:
black/blue/grey /hazel ~s ë¨/ϳåáõÛï/ÙáËñ³- eyeball [΄aibɔ:l] n ³ÏݳËÝÓáñ, ³Ïݳ·áõݹ:
·áõÛÝ/ μ³ó ß³·³Ý³Ï³·áõÛÝ ³ãù»ñ. naked ~ eyebath [΄aiba:θ] n ³ãùÇ í³Ýݳ:
³Ý½»Ý ³ãù. starry ~s Éáõë³ßáÕ ³ãù»ñ. green eyebrow [΄aibrau] n ÑáÝù. raise one’s ~s ÑáÝ-
~ ÷Ëμ. ݳ˳ÝÓ. whites/ pupils of ~s ³ãùÇ ù»ñÁ μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É:
ëåÇï³Ïáõó/μÇμ. bags under ~s ³ãù»ñÇ ï³Ï eye-glass [΄aigla:s] n ³ÏÝáó, å»ÝëÝ»,
å³ñÏ»ñ. out of the corner/side/tail of the ~ ï»ë³å³ÏÇ, áëåÝÛ³Ï:
³ãùÇ åáãáí. the apple of one’s ~ ³ãùÇ ËÝÓáñ. eye-hole [΄aihəul] n ³Ïݳ÷áë, ³ãùÇ Ëáéáã.
strike/catch/leap to the ~ ³ãùÇ ½³ñÝ»É. cast ¹Çï³Ýóù:
down one’s ~s ³ãù»ñÁ ·»ïÝÇÝ Ñ³é»É. screw eye-lash [΄ailæ∫] n ³ñ勉ÝáõÝù, óñÃÇã:
up one’s ~s ³ãù»ñÁ ÏÏáó»É. shut one’s ~s to eye-let [΄ailət] n ³Ýóù, ¹Çï³Ýóù:
³ãù ÷³Ï»É, Ýϳï»Éáõ ãï³É. be all ~s ß³ï eye-lid [΄ailid] n Ïáå. hang on by the ~s
áõß³¹Çñ ݳۻÉ. up to the ~s ÙÇÝ㨠ٳ½Çó ϳËí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. without batting an ~
³Ï³ÝçÝ»ñÁ Ëñí³Í. clap/set one’s ~s on ï»ë- ³é³Ýó ³ãùÁ ÷³Ï»Éáõ:
Ý»É, Ýϳï»É. Mind your ~ ¼·³ëï`, ½·áõÛß eyeopener [΄ai‚əupənə] n ³ãù μ³óáÕ. That
»Õ»ù. keep an ~ on ѻ層É/ÑëÏ»É Ù»ÏÇÝ, was an ~ for him ¸³ Ùdzݷ³ÙÇó Ýñ³
³ãùÁ íñ³Ý å³Ñ»É. cock one’s ~s ³ãùáí ³ãù»ñÁ μ³ó»ó:
Ýß³Ý ³Ý»É. make ~s at ³ãùáí-áõÝùáí ³Ý»É. eyepiece [΄aipi:s] n ³Ïݳå³ÏÇ. ûÏáõÉÛ³ñ:
cry one’s ~ out ɳóÇó ³ãù»ñÁ Ïáõñ³óÝ»É. eyeshade [΄ai∫eid] n ³ãù»ñÁ å³Ñå³ÝáÕ Ñá-
wipe one’s ~s Ù»ÏÇ ³ñóáõÝùÝ»ñÁ ó³Ù³ù»ó- í³ñ£
Ý»É. open smb’s ~s Ù»ÏÇ ³ãù»ñÁ μ³ó»É pass/ eyeshadow [΄ai‚∫ædəu] ³ñ勉ÝáõÝùÇ
run one’s ~s over/ through smth ³ãùÇ Ý»ñÏ:
³ÝóϳóÝ»É. with one’s ~ s open μ³ó ³ãùáí. eyeshot [΄ai∫ɒt] n ï»ë³¹³ßï, ï»ëáÕáõÃÛ³Ý
(ѳ۳óù, ݳÛí³Íù) set ~s ݳۻÉ, ѳ۳óù ¹³ßï:
Ý»ï»É. turn a blind ~ to ³ãù ÷³Ï»É, ãÝϳï»- eyesight [΄aisait] n ï»ëáÕáõÃÛáõÝ:
Éáõ ï³É. catch the ~ ѳ۳óùÁ áñë³É, áõß³¹- eyesore [΄aisɔ:] n ÷Ëμ. ³ãùÇ ÷áõß/·ñáÕ:
ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ·ñ³í»É. cast sheep’s ~s ëÇñ³Ñ³ñ- eyestrain [΄aistrein] n ³ãù»ñÇ É³ñáõÙ:
í³Í ѳ۳óù Ý»ï»É. (ï»ë³Ï»ï) in the ~ (of) eye-tooth [΄aitu:θ] n í»ñÇÝ Å³ÝÇù, ßݳ-
ï»ë³Ï»ïÇó. in my ~ Ç٠ϳñÍÇùáí. see ~ to ï³Ù. cut one’s eyeteeth Ëáѻ٠¹³éݳÉ:
~ with ÉñÇí ѳٳϳñÍÇù ÉÇÝ»É. ÷Ëμ. eyewash [΄aiwɒ∫] n ³ãùÇ Ãñçáó. ÷Ëμ. ˳-
³é³ñϳݻñÇ/Çñ»ñÇ Ñ»ï ϳåí³Í ~ of a μ»áõÃÛáõÝ. That’s all ~ ²Û¹ ³ÙμáÕçÁ ˳-
needle ³ë»ÕÇ ³Ýóù. ~ of a potato ϳñïáýÇÉÇ μ»áõÃÛáõÝ ¿:
³ãù. hook an ~ Ñ»ÉáõÝáí ѳï í»ñóÝ»É. ~ of eye-wink [΄aiwiŋk] n ³ãùÇ Ã³ñÃáõÙ.
the day ³ñ»·³Ï. in the wind’s ~ ù³ÙáõÝ Ñ³- ³ÏÝóñÃ:
ϳé³Ï. keep one’s ~s skinned ³ã³Éáõñç ÉÇ- eye-witness [΄aiwitnəs] n ³Ï³Ý³ï»ë.
Ý»É. (oh) my ~ (s) ËëÏó. ½³ñÙ³ÝùÇ ³ñ- Çñ³í. ³Ï³Ý³ï»ë íϳ:
ï³Ñ³ÛïáõÃÛáõÝ the evil ~ ã³ñ ³ãù. have
309

F
F, f ѳۻñ»Ý ³Ûμáõμ»ÝÇ í»ó»ñáñ¹ ï³éÁ. ¹³ï»Éáí. ³ñï³ùÇÝ (»ñ»ëÇ ÏáÕÙÁ) the ~ of
»ñÅß. „ý³“ Ó³ÛݳÝÇßÁ/Ýáï³Ý: the building ß»ÝùÇ ×³Ï³ïÁ. the ~ of the ma-
fable [΄feibl] n ³é³Ï. ³é³ëå»É. ·ñ³Ï³Ý terial ·áñÍí³ÍùÇ ßÇï³Ï/»ñ»ëÇ ÏáÕÙÁ. the
»ñÏÇ ÝÛáõÃ/ μáí³Ý¹³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ/ëÛáõÅ»: ~ of the clock ųٳóáõÛóÇ Ãí³ï³Ëï³Ï.
fabric [΄fæbrik] n ϳéáõóí³Íù, ÏÙ³Ëù. the lay a card ~ down/up ù³ñïÁ ë»Õ³ÝÇÝ
~ of a building ß»ÝùÇ Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÁ. (·áñÍ- ÷³Ï/μ³ó ¹Ý»É. ~ cloth/flannel ¹»ÙùÁ ëñμ»Éáõ
í³Íù, Ïïáñ.) woolen ~s μñ¹Û³ ·áñÍí³Íù»- ³ÝÓ»éáóÇÏ/ɳÃ. ~ value (¹ñ³ÙÇ, ³ñ-
Õ»Ý: Å»ÃÕÃÇ) ³Ýí³Ý³Ï³Ý ³ñÅ»ù. ~ lift ¹»ÙùÇ
fabricate [΄fæbrikeit] v ÑáñÇÝ»É. Ï»ÕÍ»É, åɳëïÇÏ íÇñ³Ñ³ïáõÃÛáõÝ. Our flat has had
˳ñ¹³Ë»É. a ~d will/charge Ï»ÕÍ Ïï³Ï/Ù»- a ~ Ø»ñ μݳϳñ³Ýáõ٠ѳñ¹³ñÙ³Ý í»ñ³-
Õ³¹ñ³Ýù: Ýáñá·áõ٠ϳï³ñ»óÇÝù:
fabrication [‚fæbri΄kei∫n] n ÑáñÇÝáíÇ μ³Ý, face [feis] v ¹»Ùùáí/¹»Ù ³é ¹»Ù ϳݷݻÉ/
μ³Ëí»É/ݳۻÉ. ~ the audience Ï³Ý·Ý»É ¹»Ù-
Ï»ÕÍÇù, ëáõï. pure ~ μ³ó³ñÓ³Ï ÑáñÇÝ-
ùáí ¹»åÇ áõÝÏݹÇñÝ»ñÁ. ~ing the engine
í³Íù:
·Ý³óùÇ ß³ñÅÙ³Ý áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ. (ݳۻÉ) The
fabulous [΄fæbjuləs] a ³é³ëå»É³μ³Ý³-
window ~s the garden ä³ïáõѳÝÁ å³ñï»-
ϳÝ, ¹Çó³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý. ³é³ëå»É³Ï³Ý, ³Ý-
½ÇÝ ¿ ݳÛáõÙ. (½³ñ¹³ñ»É, »ñ»ëå³ï»É) ~ the
ѳí³ï³ÉÇ. ~ wealth ãï»ëÝí³Í/³é³ëå»-
dress with ½·»ëïÁ ½³ñ¹³ñ»É. ~ the staircase
É³Ï³Ý Ñ³ñëïáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ dress ËëÏó.
with marble ³ëïÇ׳ÝÝ»ñÁ Ù³ñÙ³ñáí
óÝóáÕ/ãï»ëÝí³Í ½·»ëï:
»ñ»ëå³ï»É. ÷Ëμ. ~ trial ¹³ï³ñ³ÝÇ ³éç¨
facade [fə΄sa:d] n ×ñï. ׳ϳï (ß»ÝùÇ): ϳݷݻÉ. He couldn’t ~ the disgrace/the thought
face [feis] n ¹»Ùù, »ñ»ë. angular/oval/ square/ of parting ܳ ã¿ñ ϳñáÕ ï³Ý»É/ѳٳϻñå-
long/round/ thin/wrinkled/freckled ~ óóáõÝ áë-
í»É ˳Ûï³é³ÏáõÃÛ³ÝÁ/μ³Å³Ýí»Éáõ
ÏáñÝ»ñáí/Óí³Ó¨/ù³é³ÏáõëÇ/»ñϳñ³íáõÝ/
ÙïùÇÝ ~ up the facts/consequences ÷³ëï»ñÇÝ
ÏÉáñ/ÝÇѳñ/ÏÝ×éáï/å»å»Ýáï ¹»Ùù. attrac-
¹»Ù ³é ¹»Ù Ï³Ý·Ý»É /μ³Ëí»É Çñ³-
tive/charming/disagreeable/clever/foolish/pale/
ϳÝáõÃÛ³ÝÁ. ѻ勉ÝùÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ å³-
haggard/sad/poker ~ ·ñ³íÇã/ÑÙ³ÛÇã/ïѳ×/
ï³Ë³Ý³ïáõ ÉÇÝ»É. Let’s ~ it... ÀݹáõÝ»Ýù
˻ɳóÇ/ÑÇÙ³ñ/·áõݳï/ÑÛáõÍí³Í/ïËáõñ/
³ÛÝ, áñ... ~ up reality μ³Ëí»É Çñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³-
μáõà ¹»Ùù. ~ to ~ ¹»Ù ³é ¹»Ù, »ñ»ë ³é
ÝÁ. the question ~ing smb Ù»ÏÇ ³éç¨ Í³é³-
»ñ»ë. to one’s ~ μ³ó»Çμ³ó, »ñ»ëÇÝ. full ~
ó³Í ѳñóÁ. ~ up one’s responsibilities Éáõñç
¹»Ùùáí Ëáë³ÏóÇÝ ¹³ñÓ³Í. half ~
í»ñ³μ»ñí»É Çñ å³ñï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ:
ÏÇë³¹»Ù, ßñçí³Í. lie ~ down/up »ñ»ëÝÇ-
í³Ûñ/»ñ»ëÝÇí»ñ å³éÏ»É. look smn in the ~
faceless [΄feisləs] a ÷Ëμ. ³Ý¹»Ù, ¹ÇÙ³½áõñÏ:
Ù»ÏÇ ¹»ÙùÇÝ Ý³Û»É. show one’s ~ ¹»ÙùÁ
facer [΄feisə] n ѳñí³Í ¹»ÙùÇÝ, ³åï³Ï.
÷Ëμ. ³Ýëå³ë»ÉÇ ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
óáõÛó ï³É. laugh in smn’s ~ »ñ»ëÇÝ ÍÇͳջÉ.
make/pull a ~/~s ͳٳÍéáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ³Ý»É.
facet [΄fæsit] n »ñ»ë³Ï, ÝÇëï:
(¹»ÙùÇ ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ñï³ùÇÝ
facetious [fə΄si:∫əs] a ϳï³Ï³ë»ñ, ½í³ñ-
׳Ëáë. ϳï³Ï³ÛÇÝ, ½í³ñ׳ÉÇ. in a ~
ï»ëù) His ~ fell Üñ³ ¹»ÙùÁ Ó·í»ó. pull /wear
mood áõñ³Ë ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç:
a ~ Ó·í³Í ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ. tell
by smn’s ~ ¹»ÙùÇ ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÃÛáõÝÇó
facial [΄fei∫l] a »ñ»ëÇ, ¹»ÙùÇ. ~ muscle ¹»ÙùÇ
ÙϳÝ. ~ burns/massage ¹»ÙùÇ ³Ûñí³Íù/Ù»ñ-
Ïé³Ñ»É. in the ~ of áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ ³éç¨/³é-
ëáõÙ:
ϳÛáõÃÛ³Ùμ. ÷Ëμ. have the ~ ѳٳéáõ-
ÃÛáõÝ/³Ýå³ïϳéáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ. save
facile [΄fæsail] a ûè, Ñ»ßï. ½ÇçáÕ, Ñ»½.
׳ñï³ñ, ׳ñåÇÏ. a ~ style ׳ñï³ñ ·ñÇã/
one’s ~ ³ÝáõÝÁ/Ñ»ÕÇݳÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÷ñÏ»É.
á×. a ~ disposition ½ÇçáÕ/Ñ»½ μݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ.
lose one’s ~ Ñ»ÕÇݳÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÏáñóÝ»É. set
a ~ liar ÉåÇñß/³Ý³Ùáà ëï³Ëáë:
one’s ~ against í×é³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý ³é³ñÏ»É,
¹ÇÙ³¹ñ»É. on the ~ of it ³é³çÇÝ Ñ³Û³óùÇó
facilitate [fə΄siləteit] v Ñ»ßï³óÝ»É, ûè³ó-
Ý»É, ³ç³Ïó»É:
facility 310 fag

facility [fə΄siləti] n ÁݹáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ßÝáñÑù. ·áñÍáÝ. personal ~ Ñá·»μ³Ý³Ï³Ý/³ÝÓݳ-


ûèáõÃÛáõÝ. ÑÇÙݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ for langua- Ï³Ý ·áñÍáÝ. the human ~ Ù³ñ¹Ï³ÛÇÝ ·áñ-
ges É»½í³Ï³Ý áõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. write with ÍáÝ. the safety ~ ³å³ÑáíáõÃÛ³Ý ·áñÍáÝ:
~ Ñ»ßïáõÃÛ³Ùμ ·ñ»É. ~s ѳñÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ- factory [΄fæktri]1. n ý³μñÇϳ, ·áñͳñ³Ý.
Ý»ñ, å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ. ë³ñù³íáñáõÙÝ»ñ. ~s for chemical/motor car/machine building/military ~
research å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ ѻﳽáï³Ï³Ý ³ß- ùÇÙdzϳÝ/³íïá·áñͳñ³Ý. Ù»ù»Ý³ßÇ-
˳ï³ÝùÇ/ѻﳽáïáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ. basic ݳϳÝ/é³½Ù³Ï³Ý ·áñͳñ³Ý. 2. a ·áñͳ-
~ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ë³ñù³íáñáõÙÝ»ñ. technical ~ ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ~ trade mark ·áñͳñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ Ù³Ï-
ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ñÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. welfare ÝÇß. ~ waste ³ñ¹Ûáõݳμ»ñ³Ï³Ý ó÷áÝ:
~ ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. workshop factotum [fæk΄təutəm] n ѳٳϳï³ñ,
~ ³ñÑ»ëï³ÝáóÇ Ñ³Ý¹»ñÓ³Ýù: ³Ù»Ý μ³ÝáõÙ í³ñå»ï:
facing [΄feisiŋ] 1. n »ñ»ëå³ïáõÙ. ÑÕÏáõÙ. factual [΄fækt∫uəl] a ÷³ëï³Ï³Ý, ÷³ëï³-
(½·»ëïÇ) ½³ñ¹/½³ñ¹³ñ³Ýù. 2. prep ¹»Ù- óÇ. strictly ~ ÙdzÛÝ ÷³ëï»ñÇ íñ³ ÑÇÙÝ-
ùáí ¹»åÇ. ¹ÇÙ³ó: í³Í. a ~ error ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï ϳåí³Í
facsimile [fæk΄siməli] n (÷³ëï³)ÃÕÃÇ ë˳É. ~ knowledge ÷³ëï³óÇ ·Çï»ÉÇùÝ»ñ.
×Çßï í»ñ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ. Ñ»é³å³ï×»Ý: ~ accuracy ÷³ëï»ñÇ ×ß·ñïáõÃÛáõÝ:
fact [fækt] n ÷³ëï, ÇñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ¹»åù. con- faculty [΄fæklti] n ÓÇñù, ÁݹáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ.
crete/actual/obvious/historical/well-known ~ intellectual/great ~ Ùï³íáñ/Ù»Í Ï³ñáÕáõ-
ÏáÝÏñ»ï/Çñ³Ï³Ý/³ÏÝѳÛï/å³ïٳϳÝ/ ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. ~ for languages É»½í³Ï³Ý áõݳ-
ù³ç ѳÛïÝÇ ÷³ëï. admit/conceal/ignore/dis- ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. the ~ of sight, vision/hearing ï»-
tort a ~ ÁݹáõÝ»É/óùóÝ»É/³Ýï»ë»É/³Õ³- ëáÕáõÃÛ³Ý/ÉëáÕáõÃÛ³Ý áõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ. the ~
í³Õ»É ÷³ëïÁ. bare/dry ~s Ù»ñÏ ÷³ëï»ñ. of speech Ëáë»Éáõ áõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ. be in full
an accomplished ~ ϳï³ñí³Í ÷³ëï. fixed possession of one’s faculties å³Ñå³Ý»É ýǽÇ-
~ ѳëï³ïí³Í/³å³óáõóí³Í ÷³ëï. ap- Ï³Ï³Ý ¨ Ùï³íáñ ϳñáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ.
praisal of ~s ÷³ëï»ñÇ ·Ý³Ñ³ïáõÙ. ~s are (μáõÑ, ý³ÏáõÉï»ï, åñáý»ëáñ³¹³ë³Ëá-
stubborn things ÷³ëï»ñÁ ѳٳé μ³Ý »Ý. set ë³Ï³Ý ϳ½Ù) the ~ of law Çñ³í³μ³Ýáõ-
the ~s ÷³ëï»ñÁ ѳëï³ï»É. overturn the ~ ÃÛ³Ý ý³ÏáõÉï»ï.
÷³ëïÁ Ñ»ñù»É. (ÇñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, Çñ³Ï³Ýáõ- fad [fæd] n ï³ñûñÇݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ùÙ³Ûù:
ÃÛáõÝ) ~s ÇñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, Çñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. get fade [feid] v óé³Ù»É, ÃáßÝ»É. çÝçí»É, Ù³-
to the ~s ×ßÙ³ñïáõÃÛáõÝÁ å³ñ½»É. know ñ»É, ³Õáï³Ý³É. The flowers have ~d ̳-
smth for a ~ ÙÇ μ³Ý ѳëï³ï ÇٳݳÉ. the ÕÇÏÝ»ñÁ óé³Ù»É »Ý. Her beauty has ~d Ýñ³
true ~s Çñ»ñÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý íÇ׳ÏÁ, ×ßÙ³ñÇï ·»Õ»óÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÃáßÝ»É ¿. (·áõݳó÷í»É,
÷³ëï»ñÁ. in ~, as a matter of ~ Çñ³Ï³ÝáõÙ, ËáõݳݳÉ) The colours have ~d ¶áõÛÝ»ñÁ
÷³ëïáñ»Ý. The ~ is that... ö³ëïÝ ³ÛÝ ¿, Ëáõݳó»É »Ý. Her hair/eyes have ~d س½»ñÁ
ÆñáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³ÛÝ ¿... the ~s suggest ïíÛ³É- ×»ñÙ³Ï»É »Ý. ²ãù»ñÁ ˳Ùñ»É »Ý. Daylight
Ý»ñÁ íϳÛáõÙ »Ý. ~ in issue ùÝݳñÏíáÕ was ~ing úñÁ Ù³ñáõÙ ¿ñ/ÙÃÝáõÙ ¿ñ. The
÷³ëïÁ. legally relevant ~ Çñ³í³μ³Ýáñ»Ý music ~d away ºñ³ÅßïáõÃÛ³Ý Ó³ÛÝÁ
ÑÇÙݳíáñí³Í ÷³ëï. before/after the ~ Ù³ñ»ó:
Çñ³¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó/¹»åù»ñÇó ³é³ç/ fadeaway [‚feidə΄wei] n ³Ù. ³ÝÑ»ï³óáõÙ,
Ñ»ïá. ~ finding Ñ»ï³ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ÷³ëï»ñÇ ³ÝÑ»ï³Ý³ÉÁ:
μ³ó³Ñ³ÛïáõÙ. a ~ finding commission Ñ»- faded [΄feidid] a óé³Ù³Í, ˳Ùñ³Í, Ëáõ-
ï³ùÝÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ÝÓݳÅáÕáí: ݳó³Í. ~ colours/flowers ˳Ùñ³Í ·áõÛÝ»ñ,
faction [΄fæk∫n] n ËÙμ³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ. ï³ñ³- ÃáßÝ³Í Í³ÕÇÏÝ»ñ d curtains Ëáõݳó³Í
Ó³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ, »ñÏå³é³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ: í³ñ³·áõÛñÝ»ñ:
factitious [fæk΄ti∫əs] a ³ñÑ»ëï³Ï³Ý, ßÇÝ- fading [΄feidiŋ] n (é³¹Çá) Ù³ñáõÙ:
Íáõ: fag [fæg] n ͳÝñ/ï³ÕïϳÉÇ ³ß˳ï³Ýù.
factitive [΄fæktətiv] a ù»ñ. å³ï׳é³Ï³Ý: What a ~! ƯÝã ï³ÕïϳÉÇ ·áñÍ. ËëÏó.
factor [΄fæktə] n ·áñÍáÝ, μ³Õ³¹ñ³ï³ññ. Í˳Ëáï. ~ end Í˳ËáïÇ Ùݳóáñ¹. ~ged
Ù³Ýñ ÙÇçÝáñ¹, ·áñͳϳÉ. key ~ í×éáñáß out áõųëå³é (»Õ³Í), ÑÛáõÍí³Í:
faience 311 fairness

faience [fai΄a:ns] n ѳË׳å³ÏÇ: voice/odour/attempt ÃáõÛÉ Ó³ÛÝ, ûè Ñáï,


fail [feil] n ³ÝѳçáÕ³Ï. without ~ ³Ý- ÃáõÛÉ ÷áñÓ. a ~ smile ûè³ÏÇ ÅåÇï. feel ~
å³ÛÙ³Ý, ³Ýå³ï׳é: ·É˳åïáõÛï ½·³É. feel ~ with the heat
fail [feil] v å³Ï³ë»É, ãμ³í³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É, Ó³- ßá·Çó í³ï ½·³É. the ~est chance/idea ³Ù»-
ËáÕí»É, ëݳÝϳݳÉ. ~ an examination ݳãÝãÇÝ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ/·³Õ³÷³ñÁ. ~
ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝÇó Ïïñí»É. ~ in one’s attempt with hunger ù³ÕóÇó Ãáõɳó³Í:
÷áñÓÝ ³ÝѳçáÕ ³ÝóÝ»É. The bank ~ed faint [feint] v áõ߳ó÷ ÉÇÝ»É, ·Çï³Ïóáõ-
´³ÝÏÁ ëݳÝϳó³í. ~ as a musician ÃÛáõÝÁ ÏáñóÝ»É. She almost ~ed with terror
Ó³ËáÕí»É áñå»ë »ñ³ÅÇßï. ~ smb ËëÏó. ê³ñë³÷Çó ݳ ùÇã ¿ñ ÙÝáõÙ áõ߳ó÷í»ñ:
˳μ»É, ³ÝѳñÙ³ñ ϳóáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ¹Ý»É. faint-hearted [‚feint΄ha:tid] a ÃáõɳÙáñÃ,
His heart ~ed Ñim Üñ³ ëÇñïÁ Ýí³Õ»ó. Words í³ËÏáï:
~ me ´³é»ñ ãϳÝ. (ãϳñáճݳÉ, Ç íÇ׳ÏÇ fainting-fit [΄feintiŋfit] n áõß³·Ý³óáõÃÛ³Ý
ãÉÇÝ»É) ~ to understand/recognize Ç íÇ׳ÏÇ Ýáå³:
ãÉÇÝ»É Ñ³ëϳݳÉ. ãϳñáÕ³Ý³É ×³Ý³ã»É. faintly [΄feintli] adv ѳ½Çí, ÃáõÛÉ Ï»ñåáí.
~ to indicate ãϳñáÕ³Ý³É Ýß»É. The wind ~ed breath ~ ѳ½Çí/ÃáõÛÉ ßÝã»É. whisper ~ ѳ½Çí
ø³ÙÇÝ Ãáõɳó³í. His sight is ~ing Üñ³ Éë»ÉÇ Ó³ÛÝáí ßßÝç³É. a ~ familiar look ÇÝã-
ï»ëáÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÃáõɳÝáõÙ ¿. (ãμ³í³- áñ Ñ»é³íáñ ÝÙ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ/ͳÝáÃáõÃÛáõÝ:
ϳݳóÝ»É) The water supply has ~ed æáõñÁ fair [feə] n ïáݳí³×³é. international ~ ÙÇ-
ãμ³í³ñ³ñ»ó. The electricity ~ed ÈáõÛëÝ ç³½·³ÛÇÝ ïáݳí³×³é. hold a ~ ïáݳí³-
³Ýç³ïí»ó. His courage ~ed him ²ñÇáõ- ׳é ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñå»É. fun ~ ½í³ñ׳ѳñÙ³-
ÃÛáõÝÁ Éù»ó Ýñ³Ý. (ûñ³Ý³É, ãϳï³ñ»É) ñ³ÝùÝ»ñ. a day after the ~ ã³÷³½³Ýó áõß:
He ~ed to come ܳ ã»Ï³í. He ~ed to remind fair [feə] 1. a ÑdzݳÉÇ, ·»Õ»óÇÏ. the ~ sex
ܳ ãÑÇß»óñ»ó. ÑÙÏñ·. fail-safe system ·»Õ»óÇÏ ë»éÁ. (ßÇϳѻñ, ˳ñïÛ³ß) ~ hair
ë˳ÉÝ»ñÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ ϳÛáõÝ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·£ ˳ñïÛ³ß Ù³½»ñ. a ~ skin ëåÇï³Ï ÙáñÃ.
failing [΄feiliŋ] 1. n ÃáõÉáõÃÛáõÝ, å³Ï³- s/he is ~ ݳ ßÇϳѻñ ¿. (Ù³ùáõñ, å³ñ½) a ~
ëáõÃÛáõÝ. ë˳É, Ó³ËáÕáõÙ, ûñáõÃÛáõÝ. for copy Ù³ùñ³·Çñ. ~ day/weather å³ñ½ ûñ/
all his ~s Çñ μáÉáñ ûñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí ѳÝ- »Õ³Ý³Ï. (μ³í³Ï³Ý Ù»Í) ~ size/amount/dis-
¹»ñÓ. 2. prep ~ him invite his brother »Ã» ݳ tance μ³í³Ï³Ý Ù»Í ã³÷ë/ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ/
ãϳñáճݳ Ññ³íÇñ»É Çñ »ÕμáñÁ: Ñ»é³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. (μ³í³ñ³ñ, áã í³ï) a ~
fail- soft system Ù»ñÅáõÙÝ»ñÇ ³ÙáñïÇ- price É³í ·ÇÝ. ~ knowledge μ³í³ñ³ñ ·Çï»-
½³ódzÛáí ѳٳϳñ·: ÉÇù. a ~ cleance μ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ Ñݳñ³íá-
failure [΄feiljə] n å³Ï³ëáõÃÛáõÝ, Ó³ËáÕáõÙ, ñáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ wage ϳñ·ÇÝ ³ß˳ï³í³ñÓ.
³ÝѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. corn/crop ~ í³ï μ»ñù. (³ñ¹³ñ, ³½ÝÇí, ³Ý³ã³é) ~ trial ³ñ¹³ñ
complete/dead ~ ÉñÇí Ó³ËáÕáõÙ. meet with ~ ¹³ï³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ judge/demand/decision
³ÝѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ. be a ~ Ó³ËáÕ- ³Ý³ã³é ¹³ï³íáñ. ³ñ¹³ñ å³Ñ³Ýç/áñá-
í»É. the experiment/plan/play was a ~ ÷áñÓÁ/ ßáõÙ. ~ balance Ýå³ëï³íáñ ѳßí»ÏßÇé. by
åɳÝÁ/Ý»ñϳ۳óáõÙÁ Ó³ËáÕí»ó. (ûñ³- ~ means ³½ÝÇí ׳ݳå³ñÑáí/ÙÇçáóÝ»ñáí.
ݳÉÁ) ~ to pay ãí׳ñáõÙ. ~ to answer ãå³- a ~ deal ³½ÝÇí ·áñͳñù. ~ play/competition
ï³ë˳ݻÉÁ, Éé»ÉÁ. (³ÝѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ) heart ³½ÝÇí ˳Õ/Ùñó³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ. 2. adv ³½Ýíá-
~ ëñïÇ Ï³Ãí³Í. engine ~ ß³ñÅÇãÇ ã·áñÍ»- ñ»Ý, ³ÝÏ»ÕÍáñ»Ý, áõÕÕ³ÏÇ ~ and softly
ÉÁ/íóñ. a ~ of memory ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ïá- ϳٳó, ½·áõÛß. for ~ Çëϳå»ë, ³ÝϳëϳÍ:
ñáõëï. (Ó³Ëáñ¹) a ~ in art ³ÝѳçáÕ³Ï ³ñ- fair-dealing [΄feə‚di:liŋ] n ³½ÝíáõÃÛáõÝ,
í»ëïáõÙ. ~ in life μ³ËïÁ ãμ»ñ»É. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ ³ÝÏ»ÕÍáõÃÛáõÝ, ßÇï³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
access íóñÇ ¹»åùáõÙ ¹ÇÙ»ÉÁ£ fairly [΄feəli] adv ³ñ¹³ñ³óÇáñ»Ý, ³Ý³ã³-
fain [fein] a, predic ѳñϳ¹ñí³Í. ~ to keep éáñ»Ý. μ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ. ~ well μ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ
silence ѳñϳ¹ñí³Í ÉÇÝ»É ÉéáõÃÛáõÝ å³Ñ- ɳí. ~ speaking ³ÝÏ»ÕÍáñ»Ý ³ë³Í. still ~
å³Ý»É: young ¹»é¨ë μ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹:
faint [feint] n áõ߳ó÷áõÃÛáõÝ: fairness [΄feənəs] n ³½ÝíáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ñ¹³ñáõ-
faint [feint] a ÃáõÛÉ, ïϳñ, Ãáõɳó³Í. ~ ÃÛáõÝ. in all ~ ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝ ³½ÝíáõÃÛ³Ùμ, ³Ý-
fairy 312 false

Ï»ÕÍ ³ë³Í. social ~ ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý ³ñ¹³- perature ·Ý»ñÇ Çç»óáõÙ, ç»ñÙ³ëïÇ׳ÝÇ


ñáõÃÛáõÝ: ³ÝÏáõÙ. ~ in the level of water çñÇ Ù³Ï³ñ-
fairy [΄feəri] n ѳí»ñųѳñë, ÷»ñÇ. bad ~ ¹³ÏÇ ³ÝÏáõÙ. (çñí»Å) the Niagara ~s Üdz-
ã³ñ á·Ç: ·³ñ³ÛÇ çñí»ÅÁ. the ~ ³Ù. ³ßáõÝ:
fairy [΄feəri] a ϳ˳ñ¹³Ï³Ý, Ñ»ùdzóÛÇÝ. fall [fɔ:l] v ÁÝÏÝ»É. ëå³Ýí»É. ~ downstairs/
~ land Ñ»ùdzóÛÇÝ/ϳ˳ñ¹³Ï³Ý ³ß- from a window ³ëï׳ÝÝ»ñÇó/å³ïáõѳ-
˳ñÑ. ~ tale Ñ»ùdzÃ: ÝÇó ÁÝÏÝ»É. The leaves are ~ing ï»ñ¨Ý»ñÁ
faith [feiθ] n ѳí³ï, íëï³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ. ѳí³- ó÷íáõÙ »Ý. The curtain fell ì³ñ³·áõÛñÁ
ï³ñÙáõÃÛáõÝ. μ³ñ»ËÕ×áõÃÛáõÝ. have a ~ in Çç³í. (ÇçÝ»É) Fog/Mist fell سé³ËáõÕÁ/
smb/smth Ù»ÏÇ/ÙÇ μ³ÝÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ ѳí³ï ÙßáõßÁ Çç³í. The night fell ØÃÝ»ó (·Çß»ñÝ
áõݻݳÉ. lose one’s ~ ѳí³ïÁ ÏáñóÝ»É. Çç³í). Darkness fell ØáõÃÝ ÁÝϳí. (½áÑí»É)
break/keep ~ ËáëùÁ ¹ñÅ»É/å³Ñ»É. shake smb’s ~ in the battle/by the sword Ù³ñïáõÙ ½áÑí»É.
~ ѳí³ïÁ ë³ë³Ý»É, ï³ñ³Ïáõë³ÝùÇ Ù»ç Ãñáí ëå³Ýí»É. The government fell ÷Ëμ.
·ó»É. pin one’s ~ to íëï³Ñ»É, (Ïáõñáñ»Ý) ѳ- γé³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ï³å³Éí»ó. (ÇçÝ»É,
í³ï³É. good ~ μ³ñ»ËÕ×áõÃÛáõÝ, μ³ñÛ³ó³- ó³Íñ³Ý³É) His voice fell Üñ³ Ó³ÛÝÁ Çç³í.
ϳÙáõÃÛáõÝ. bad ~ ³Ýμ³ñ»ËÕ×áõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ý- production ~ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ³ÝÏáõÙ
μ³ñÛ³ó³Ï³ÙáõÃÛáõÝ. in bad ~ ³Ýμ³ñ»- ³åñ»ó. ~ ill ÑÇí³Ý¹³Ý³É. ~ silent Éé»É. ~
ËÕ×áñ»Ý. act in all good ~ ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ Ñ³í³ïáí into a rage ϳï³Õ»É, ·³½³½»É. ~ into love
·áñÍ»É. act in bad ~ ¹³í³×³Ýáñ»Ý ·áñÍ»É. ëÇñ³Ñ³ñí»É. ~ into error ÙáÉáñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç
Upon my ~, in ~ ºñ¹íáõÙ »Ù ³½ÝíáõÃÛ³Ùμ: ÁÝÏÝ»É. The lot fell upon me ìÇ׳ÏÝ ÇÝÓ
faithful [΄feiθfl] a ѳí³ï³ñÇÙ, ÝíÇñí³Í. a ÁÝϳí. ~ apart ïñáÑí»É, Ù³ë»ñÇ μ³-
~ friend/brother ѳí³ï³ñÇÙ ÁÝÏ»ñ/»Õμ³Ûñ. ųÝí»É. ~ back ݳѳÝç»É, Ñ»ï ù³ßí»É. ~
(ëïáõÛ·, ×ß·ñÇï) a ~ account/portrait/transla- back upon û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ¹ÇÙ»É. ~ behind Ñ»ï
tion/discription ëïáõÛ·/×Çßï ѳßí»ïíáõ- ÙݳÉ/ÁÝÏÝ»É. ~ down ÁÝÏÝ»É, ù³Ý¹í»É. ³Ý-
ÃÛáõÝ. ×Çßï ¹ÇÙ³Ýϳñ. ×ß·ñÇï óñ·Ù³- ѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ Ïñ»É. ~ for smn/smth ³Ý-
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ/Ýϳñ³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ. be ~ to one’s ѳÕóѳñ»ÉÇ Ñ³ÏáõÙ áõݻݳÉ. ~ in ÷Éí»É,
word/promise Çñ ËáëùÇÝ/ËáëïÙ³ÝÁ ѳí³- ÷Éáõ½í»É. ~ into ó÷í»É, Ù»çÝ ÁÝÏÝ»É. ~ on
ï³ñÇÙ ÉÇÝ»É/ÙݳÉ: ѳñÓ³Ïí»É. ` ~ out ·Åïí»É, ϳå»ñÁ ˽»É.
faithfully [΄feiθfli] adv ѳí³ï³ñÙáñ»Ý, ~ through Ó³ËáÕí»É, ï³å³Éí»É. ~ under
³½Ýíáñ»Ý. carry out ~ ×ß·ñïáñ»Ý ϳï³- »ÝóñÏí»É. ~ upon íñ³ ÁÝÏÝ»É. ~ to pieces
ñ»É. (ݳٳÏÇ í»ñçáõÙ) yours ~ ËáñÇÝ Ñ³ñ- ÷Éí»É, ù³Ý¹í»É. ç³ñ¹áõ÷ßáõñ ÉÇÝ»É:
·³ÝùÝ»ñáí: fallacious [fə΄lei∫əs] a ë˳É, áã ×Çßï. a ~ ar-
faithfulness [΄feiθflnəs] n ѳí³ï³ñÙáõ- gument áã ×Çßï ÷³ëï³ñÏ:
ÃÛáõÝ, ×ßïáõÃÛáõÝ. ³½ÝíáõÃÛáõÝ: fallacy [΄fæləsi] n ÙáÉáñáõÃÛáõÝ, ëË³É Ñ»-
faithless [΄feiθləs]1. a ³Ýѳí³ï, ³Ýѳí³- ï¨áõÃÛáõÝ. ëá÷»ëïáõÃÛáõÝ:
ï³ñÇÙ. áõËï³¹ñáõÅ: fallible [΄fæləbl] a ë˳ɳϳÝ. All men are ~
fake [feik]1. n Ï»ÕÍÇù, Ï»ÕÍáõÙ. Ï»ÕÍ ÷³ë- سñ¹ÇÏ ëË³É³Ï³Ý »Ý:
ï³ÃáõÕÃ. 2. a Ï»ÕÍ. 3. v Ï»ÕÍ»É, ÑáñÇÝ»É, fallout [΄fɔ:laut] n Ýëïí³Íù. radioactive ~
ë³ñù»É. (ÑÇí³Ý¹) Ó¨³Ý³É. ~ results ³ñ¹- é³¹Çá³ÏïÇí Ýëïí³Íù:
ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁ Ï»ÕÍ»É: fallow [΄fæləu] n ·Õï. ³ÝÙß³Ï ÑáÕ, Ëáå³Ý:
falcon [΄fɔ:lkən] n μ³½»: fallow-deer [΄fæləudiə] n »ÕÝÇÏ, íÇÃ:
falconer [΄fɔ:lkənə] n μ³½»³å³Ý: false [fɔ:ls] a Ï»ÕÍ, ëË³É ëáõï. ˳ñ¹³Ë. ~
falconry [΄fɔ:lkənri] n μ³½»Ý»ñáí áñë: documents Ï»ÕÍ³Í ÷³ëï³ÃÕûñ. ~ alarm/
fall [fɔ:l] n ³ÝÏáõÙ, ÁÝÏÝ»ÉÁ. ÷Ëμ. ³ÝÏáõÙ, pride Ï»ÕÍ ï³·Ý³å/Ñå³ñïáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ im-
ÏáñͳÝáõÙ. ~ from a tree/horse ͳéÇó/ÓÇáõó pression/accusation ëË³É ïå³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ/
ÁÝÏÝ»ÉÁ. (ï»ÕáõÙÝ»ñ, ï³ñ³÷) heavy ~ of Ù»Õ³¹ñ³Ýù. ~ friend ѳí³ï³ñÇÙ ÁÝÏ»ñ.
rain áõÅ»Õ ³ÝÓñ¨, ï»Õ³ï³ñ³÷. a ~ of ~ witness Çñ³í. Ï»ÕÍ íϳ. bear a ~ witness
snow ÓÛáõݳï»ÕáõÙ. ride for a ~ í³ï í»ñ- Ï»ÕÍ íϳÛáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É. ~ pretence ˳-
ç³óÝ»É. (³ÝÏáõÙ, Çç»óáõÙ ) ~ in prices/tem- μ»áõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ note »ñÅß. ëË³É Ýáï³. (³ñ-
falsehood 313 fancy

Ñ»ëï³Ï³Ý) ~ teeth/pearls/coins ³ñÑ»ëï³- ųé³Ý·³Ï³Ý. the ~ circle ÁÝï³Ý»Ï³Ý


Ï³Ý ³ï³ÙÝ»ñ/Ù³ñ·³ñÇï. Ï»ÕÍ ¹ñ³Ù. ~ ßñç³Ý³Ï. ~ ties ÁÝï³Ý»Ï³Ý ϳå»ñ. a ~
hair Ï»ÕͳÙ: ÑÙÏñ·. ~ code ³ñ·»Éí³Í Ïá¹. likeness ÁÝï³Ý»Ï³Ý ÝÙ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ life ÁÝ-
~ retrieval ëË³É áñáÝáõÙ: ï³Ý»Ï³Ý ÏÛ³Ýù. a ~ estate/tree ïáÑٳϳÝ
falsehood [΄fɔ:lshud] n ëáõï, ëï³Ëáëáõ- ϳÉí³Íù/ͳé. ~ doctor ÁÝï³Ý»Ï³Ý μÅÇßÏ.
ÃÛáõÝ. Ï»ÕÍáõÃÛáõÝ, Ï»ÕÍÇù: ~ law ÁÝï³Ý»Ï³Ý Çñ³íáõÝù. be in the ~ way
falsification [‚fɔ:lsifi΄kei∫n] n Ï»ÕÍáõÙ, Ï»Õ- ÑÕÇ ÉÇÝ»É. ~ name ³½·³ÝáõÝ:
ͳñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ of records ·ñ³ÝóáõÙÝ»ñÇ famine [΄fæmin] n ëáí, ù³Õó. ~ years ëáíÇ
Ï»ÕÍáõÙ: ï³ñÇÝ»ñ:
falsify [΄fɔ:lsifai] v Ï»ÕÍ»É, ˳ñ¹³Ë»É, famish [΄fæmi∫] v ëáí³Ù³Ñ ÉÇÝ»É, ëáíÇó
³Õ³í³Õ»É. ~ facts ÷³ëï»ñÝ ³Õ³í³Õ»É: Ù»éÝ»É. I am ~ing ËëÏó. Þ³ï ù³Õó³Í »Ù,
falsity [΄fɔ:lsəti] n Ï»ÕÍáõÃÛáõÝ, Ï»Õͳíáñáõ- êáíÇó Ù»éÝáõÙ »Ù:
ÃÛáõÝ, ³Ýѳí³ï³ñÙáõÃÛáõÝ: famous [΄feiməs] a ѳÛïÝÇ, Ñéã³Ï³íáñ,
falter [΄fɔ:ltə] v »ñ»ñ³Éáí ù³ÛÉ»É, ·³ÛûÉ. ³Ýí³ÝÇ. ~ writer/scientist ³Ýí³ÝÇ ·ñáÕ/
ÏÙÏÙ³É, ϳϳ½»Éáí Ëáë»É. His voice ~ed ·ÇïݳϳÝ. become ~ ѳÛïÝÇ/Ñéã³Ï³íáñ
ܳ ÏÙÏÙ³ó: ¹³éݳÉ. The city is ~ for its monuments ø³-
faltering [΄fɔ:ltəriŋ] a ¹áÕ¹áçáõÝ, »ñ»ñáõÝ, Õ³ùÁ ѳÛïÝÇ ¿ Çñ Ñáõß³ñÓ³ÝÝ»ñáí. That’s
³Ýí×é³Ï³Ý. with ~ steps »ñ»ñ³Éáí: ~ ËëÏó. ÐáÛ³Ï³å ¿:
fame [feim] n ѳÙμ³í, Ñéã³Ï, ÷³ëï. world- fan [fæn] n Ñáíѳñ. ï»Ë. û¹³÷áËÇã. (ÇÝù-
wide ~ ѳٳß˳ñѳÛÇÝ Ñéã³Ï. widespread ݳÃÇéÇ/ݳíÇ åïáõï³ÏÇ) è. ~ belt û¹³-
~ ɳÛÝ Ñéã³Ï. win/achieve ~ ÷³éùÇ Ñ³ëÝ»É. ÷áËÇãÇ ·áïÇ. ~ light Ñáíѳñ³Ó¨ å³ïáõ-
gain/acquire ~ ѳÙμ³í/Ñéã³Ï Ó»éù μ»ñ»É. be ѳÝ:
at the hight of one’s ~ ÷³éùÇ ½»ÝÇÃáõÙ ÉÇÝ»É: fan [fæn] n sl »ñÏñå³·áõ. ËëÏó. ëÇñáÕ. foot-
famed [feimd] a Ñéã³Ï³íáñ, ѳÙμ³í³íáñ: ball ~ ýáõïμáɳë»ñ. ~ mail ݳٳÏÝ»ñ
familiar [fəmiliə] a ͳÝáÃ. ~ voice/song/ »ñÏñå³·áõÝ»ñÇó:
name/subject ͳÝáà ӳÛÝ/»ñ·/³ÝáõÝ/ûٳ. fan [fæn] v Ñáíѳñ»É. ~ the flame Ïñ³ÏÁ μáñ-
be ~ ͳÝáà ÉÇÝ»É. make oneself ~ ͳÝáó-
μáù»É. ÷Ëμ. Ïñù»ñ μáñμáù»É. ·Õï. ù³Ùѳ-
ݳÉ. make oneself ~ with details Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ë-
ñ»É:
Ýáñ»Ý ͳÝáóݳÉ. (Ùï»ñÇÙ) be on ~ terms
fanatic [fə΄nætik] n ÙáÉÇ ÏáÕÙݳÏÇó, ý³Ý³-
with Ùï»ñÇÙ ÉÇÝ»É:
ïÇÏáë.
familiarity [fə‚mili΄ærəti] n Ùï»ñÙáõÃÛáõÝ, fanatical [fə΄nætikl] a ÙáÉ»é³Ý¹, ÙáÉ»é³Ý-
ÙáïÇÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ù³ç³ï»ÕÛ³Ï, ɳí³ï»Õ-
¹³Ï³Ý:
Û³Ï. ~ with historical facts å³ïÙ³Ï³Ý ÷³ë-
ï»ñÇÝ É³í³ï»ÕÛ³Ï ÉÇÝ»É:
fanaticism [fə΄nætisiz(ə)m] n ÙáÉ»é³Ý¹áõ-
ÃÛáõÝ, ý³Ý³ïǽÙ:
familiarize [fə΄miliəraiz] v ͳÝáóóÝ»É,
ëáíáñ»óÝ»É, í³ñÅ»óÝ»É:
fancier [΄fænsiə] n ·Çï³Ï, Çñ³½»Ï, ëÇñáÕ:
family [΄fæmli] n ÁÝï³ÝÇù. numerous/poor/ fanciful [΄fænsifl] a ï³ñûñÇݳÏ, ³ñï³ëá-
íáñ. »ñ¨³Ï³Û³Ï³Ý, óÝáñ³Ï³Ý. Ùï³ó³-
wealthy/aristocratic ~ μ³½Ù³Ý¹³Ù/³Õù³ï/
ѳñáõëï/³½Ýí³Ï³Ý ÁÝï³ÝÇù. support /de- ÍÇÝ. ~ idea ³ÝÇñ³Ï³Ý ·³Õ³÷³ñ:
sert one’s ~ ë³ï³ñ»É/Éù»É ÁÝï³ÝÇùÁ. ~ al- fancy [΄fænsi] n »ñ¨³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ. power of ~
lowance ÁÝï³Ý»Ï³Ý Ýå³ëï. the head of the »ñ¨³Ï³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý áõÅÁ. catch smb’s ~ ½³ñ-
~ ÁÝï³ÝÇùÇ ·ÉáõËÁ. a man of ~ ÁÝï³ÝÇù³- Ù³óÝ»É, ßßÙ»óÝ»É. (Ùï³å³ïÏ»ñ»É, Ãí³É)
íáñ Ù³ñ¹. treat as one of the ~ í»ñ³μ»ñí»É have a ~ Ãí³É, å³ïÏ»ñ³óÝ»É. It’s just your
áñå»ë ÁÝï³ÝÇùÇ ³Ý¹³ÙÇ. run in the ~ ÁÝ- ~ ¸³ ù»½ å³ñ½³å»ë Ãí³ó»É ¿. (ùٳѳ-
ï³ÝÇùáõ٠ųé³Ý·³Ï³Ý ÉÇÝ»É. (ó»Õ, ¹³ë) ×áõÛù) a passing ~ Ñ»ñÃ³Ï³Ý ùٳѳ×áõÛù.
cat ~ ϳïí³ó»Õ. ÑÙÏñ·. ß³ñù, ѳٳËÙμáõ- as the ~ takes him ÇÝãå»ë áõ½»Ý³, ùٳѳ-
ÃÛáõÝ. ~ of application system ÏÇé³ñ³Ï³Ý ×áõÛùáí. (׳߳Ï, ѳÏáõÙ) have a ~ for smth
ѳٳϳñ·»ñÇ ÁÝï³ÝÇù. ~ of solutions Éáõ- ëÇñ»É ÙÇ μ³Ý, ï³ñí»É ÙÇ μ³Ýáí. The dog
ÍáõÙÝ»ñÇ ÁÝï³ÝÇù, μ³½Ù³ÃÇí ÉáõÍáõÙÝ»ñ: took my ~ ²Ûë ßáõÝÝ ÇÝÓ ·»ñ»ó. This wine is
family [΄fæmli] a ÁÝï³Ý»Ï³Ý, ïáÑٳϳÝ, not to my ~ ²Ûë ·ÇÝÇÝ Ç٠׳߳Ïáí ã¿:
fancy 314 far-sightedness

fancy [΄fænsi] a óÝáñ³Ï³Ý, ³ÝÇñ³Ï³Ý, Å»ù. ï³ùëáõ áõÕ¨áñ. What’s the ~ ? îáÙëÁ
ï³ñûñÇݳÏ, ý³Ýï³ëïÇÏ. ~ patterns ï³ñ- DZÝã ³ñÅ». round trip ~ ·Ý³É-·³Éáõ ïáÙëÇ
ûñÇÝ³Ï Ý³Ëß. ~ cakes/prices ý³Ýï³ïÇÏ ³ñÅ»ù. one way ~ Ù»Ï áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ ïáÙëÇ
ÃËí³Íù/·Ý»ñ. a ~ shirt ËëÏó. å×ݳÙáÉÇ ³ñÅ»ù collect the ~s ïáÙë»ñÇ ³ñÅ»ùÁ ѳ-
í»ñݳ߳åÇÏ. ~ ball ¹Çٳϳѳݹ»ë. ~ í³ù»É. (áõï»ÉÇù, ëÝáõݹ) bad/poor ~ í³ï
dress ¹Çٳϳѳݹ»ëÇ Ñ³·áõëï. ~ goods ëÝáõݹ. bill of ~ ׳߳óáõó³Ï. simple / plain
Ýáñ³Ó¨/μ³Óñáñ³Ï ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñ: ~ ѳë³ñ³Ï/å³ñ½ ëÝáõݹ:
fancy [΄fænsi] v »ñ¨³Ï³Û»É, å³ïÏ»ñ³óÝ»É. farewell [‚feə΄wel] n Ññ³Å»ßï. take ~ of smb,
»Ýó¹ñ»É, ϳñÍ»É. ëÇñ»É, ѳí³Ý»É. I can’t bid ~ to smb. Ññ³Å»ßï ï³É Ù»ÏÇÝ:
~ him a doctor ºë Ýñ³Ý ã»Ù ϳñáÕ μÅÇßÏ farewell [‚feə΄wel] int Ùݳë/Ùݳù μ³ñáí.
å³ïÏ»ñ³óÝ»É. Just/Only ~! ØdzÛÝ å³ïÏ»- μ³ñÇ ×³Ý³å³ñÑ:
ñ³óñáõ. eat whatever one fancies áõï»É ÇÝã r-famed [΄fa:‚feimd] a ѳÝñ³Í³ÝáÃ:
ó³ÝϳݳÉ: far-fetched [‚fa:΄fet∫t] a ³ÝμݳϳÝ, μéݳ-
fancy-work [΄fænsiwə:k] n ³ë»Õݳ·áñÍáõ- ½μáëÇÏ. a ~ comparison μéݳ½μáëÇÏ Ñ³Ù»-
ÃÛáõÝ: Ù³ïáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ story ³ÝμݳϳÝ/ÑݳñáíÇ
fang [fæŋ] n ųÝÇù. (ûÓÇ) Ãáõݳíáñ ³ï³- å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÙÁ. ï»Ë. ³ï³Ù: farm [fa:m] n ³·³ñ³Ï. ý»ñÙ³. ·ÛáõÕ³ódz-
fanner [΄fænə] n ù³Ùѳñ: Ï³Ý ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ. milk ~ ϳÃݳý»ñÙ³.
fantastic [fæn΄tæstik] a ϳ˳ñ¹³Ï³Ý, Ñ»- fruit ~ Ùñ·³ïáõ/ѳï³åïáõÕÇ ý»ñÙ³.
ùdzóÛÇÝ. ³ñï³ëáíáñ, ³ñï³éáó. ³ÝÇ- poultry ~ ÃéãݳμáõÍ³Ï³Ý ý»ñÙ³. family ~
ñ³Ï³Ý, »ñ¨³Ï³Û³Ï³Ý. ý³Ýï³ëïÇÏ: ÁÝï³Ý»Ï³Ý ý»ñÙ³. silver-fox ~ ³ñͳó-
fantasy [΄fæntəsi] n »ñ¨³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ, ùÙ³- ÷³ÛÉ ³Õí»ëÝ»ñÇ μáõͳñ³Ý:
ѳ×áõÛù, ý³Ýﳽdz: farm [fa:m] v ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ùμ ½μ³Õ-
far [fa:] a Ñ»é³íáñ, Ñ»éáõ. at the ~ end Ñ»é³- í»É. ÑáÕÁ Ù߳ϻÉ. /í³ñӳϳÉáõÃÛ³Ý ï³É:
íáñ ͳÛñáõÙ. don’t go ~ Ñ»éáõ ÙÇ ·Ý³ó»ù. ~ farm [fa:m] a ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý. ~ labour-
countries Ñ»é³íáñ »ñÏñÝ»ñ. the ~ bank of the er/worker ·ÛáõÕ³ß˳ïáÕ, ý»ñÙ³ÛÇ ³ß˳-
river ·»ïÇ ÙÛáõë ³÷Á. Far East лé³íáñ ïáÕ, μ³ïñ³Ï:
²ñ¨»Éù: farmer [΄fa:mə] n ³·³ñ³Ï³ï»ñ, ý»ñÙ»ñ.
far [fa:] adv Ñ»éáõ. how ~? ƱÝã Ñ»é³íáñáõ- í³ñӳϳÉ:
ÃÛ³Ý (íñ³ ¿). ~ away Ñ»éíáõÙ. from ~ away farm-hand [΄fa:mhænd] n ³ß˳ï³íáñ,
Ñ»éíÇó. ~ and near/wide ³Ù»Ýáõñ»ù. by ~ Ùß³Ï (³·³ñ³ÏáõÙ, ý»ñÙ³ÛáõÙ)£
ß³ï ³í»ÉÇ, ³Ýѳٻٳï. so ~ as ù³ÝÇ áñ. farm-house [΄fa:mhaus] n ³·³ñ³Ï³ïáõÝ:
ÙÇÝ㨠áñ. thus ~ ÙÇÝ㨠ÑÇÙ³. (³ÛÉ û·ï.) ~ farming [΄fa:miŋ] n ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ,
quicker ß³ï ³í»ÉÇ ³ñ³·. ~ better ß³ï ÑáÕ³·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ý³ëݳμáõÍáõÃÛáõÝ.
³í»ÉÇ É³í. as ~ as áñù³Ýáí. ~ from it μáÉá- high/backward ~ ½³ñ·³ó³Í/Ñ»ï³Ùݳó
ñáíÇÝ áã. so ~ ³é³ÛÅÙ. go too ~ ß³ï Ñ»éáõÝ ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ. take up ~ ·ÛáõÕ³-
·Ý³É, ã³÷Çó ³í»ÉÇ ÉÇÝ»É. things/matters ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ùμ ½μ³Õí»É:
went so ~ ·áñÍÝ ³ÛÝï»Õ ѳë³í, áñ. as ~ farm-stead [΄fa:msted] n ³·³ñ³ÏÁ Çñ μá-
back as ¹»é¨ë. ~ back in history Ñ»é³íáñ Éáñ ßÇÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí:
(å³ïٳϳÝ) ³ÝóÛ³ÉáõÙ. So ~ so good farmyard [΄fa:mja:d] n ³·³ñ³ÏÇ ï³ñ³Í-
(³é³ÛÅÙ) ²Ù»Ý ÇÝã ϳñ·ÇÝ ¿: ùÁ:
faraway [‚fa:rə΄wei] a Ñ»éáõ, Ñ»é³íáñ. far-reaching [‚fa:΄ri:t∫iŋ] a Ñ»éáõ ·Ý³óáÕ,
÷Ëμ. »ñ³½Ïáï. a ~ look »ñ³½Ïáï ѳ۳óù: Ù»Í Ñ»ï¨³ÝùÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ý·»óÝáÕ. Ñ»é³Ýϳ-
far-between [‚fa:bi΄twi:n] a ѳ½í³·Ûáõï, ñ³ÛÇÝ. ~ progress Ñ»éáõÝ ·Ý³óáÕ ³é³çÁÝ-
ѳ½í³¹»å: óó:
farce [fa:s] n óïñ., ·ñÏ. ½³í»ßï³Ë³Õ, farrow [΄færəu] n Ëá×Ïáñ, ·á×Ç. Ëá½Ç ÍÇ-
ý³ñë. ³ÝѻûÃ/³ÝÙÇï μ³Ý: ÝÁ:
farce [fa:s] n ËÑñ. ÉóáÝ, Ëáñǽ: far-seeing [‚fa:΄si:iŋ] a (ݳ¨ farsighted)
farcical [΄fa:sikl] a ³ÝѻûÃ: Ñ»é³ï»ë. ÷Ëμ. ßñç³Ñ³Û³ó:
fare [feə] n ׳ݳå³ñѳͳËë, ïáÙëÇ ³ñ- far-sightedness [‚fa:΄saitidnəs] n Ñ»é³ï»-
farthest 315 fatalit/y

ëáõÃÛáõÝ. ÷Ëμ. ßñç³Ñ³Û»óáõÃÛáõÝ, Ñ»é³- ÏÁ/å³ñ³ÝÁ. ~ colours ¹ÇÙ³óÏáõÝ/ãËáõݳ-


ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ: óáÕ ·áõÛÝ»ñ:
farthest [΄fa:ðist] a Ñ»é³íáñ, ³Ù»Ý³Ñ»éáõ. fast [fa:st] adv ³Ùáõñ, åÇݹ Ï»ñåáí. ~ asleep
at (the) ~ ³Ù»Ý³áõßÁ: åÇݹ ùݳÍ. stand ~ ³Ùáõñ ϳݷݻÉ. be shut
fascinate [΄fæsineit] v Ññ³åáõñ»É, ¹ÛáõûÉ. ~ ³Ùáõñ ÷³Ïí³Í ÉÇÝ»É:
ÑÙ³Û»É, ϳ˳ñ¹»É. be ~d by Ññ³åáõñí»É. fasten [΄fa:sn] v ³Ùñ³óÝ»É, ϳå»É. 먻é»É.
watch ~d ÑÙ³Ûí³Í ¹Çï»É: ~ tightly/loosely/securely ³Ùáõñ/ÃáõÛÉ/Ñáõë³ÉÇ
fascinating [΄fæsineitiŋ] a Ññ³åáõñÇã, Ï»ñåáí ³Ùñ³óÝ»É. ~ (up) a parcel ͳÝñáóÁ
¹ÛáõÃÇã, ÑÙ³ÛÇã. a ~ job/idea/book Ññ³åáõ- ϳå»É. (÷³Ï»É, ÏáÕå»É) ~ a door/a window
ñÇã ³ß˳ï³Ýù, ·ñ³íÇã ·³Õ³÷³ñ. Ïɳ- ¹áõéÁ /å³ïáõѳÝÁ ÷³Ï»É/ÏáÕå»É. ~ a mir-
ÝáÕ ·Çñù. It’s ~ to listen to him Üñ³Ý Éë»ÉÁ ror ѳۻÉÇÝ Ï³Ë»É/³Ùñ³óÝ»É. (ѳ·áõëïÁ
ã³÷³½³Ýó Ñ»ï³ùñùÇñ ¿: ¨ ³ÛÉÝ) ~ (up) a shirt/belt/skirt í»ñݳ߳åÇÏÁ
fascination [‚fæsi΄nei∫n] n ÑÙ³Ûù, Ãáíã³Ýù. Ïá×Ï»É, ·áïÇÝ (׳ñٳݹáí) ³Ùñ³óÝ»É.
ϳ˳ñ¹³Ýù. have a strange ~ ѳïáõÏ ÷»ßÁ F~ the seat belts! ¶áïÇÝ»ñÁ ³Ùñ³ó-
ÑÙ³Ûù áõݻݳÉ: ñ»ù. ÷Ëμ. ~ one’s eyes on smb ѳ۳óùÁ Ù»-
fashion [΄fæ∫n] n Ó¨, Ï»ñå, »Õ³Ý³Ï. in this ÏÇÝ ë¨»é»É. ~ one’s hopes on smb/ smth ÑáõÛ-
~ ³Ûë Ó¨áí/Ï»ñå. in similar ~ ÝÙ³Ý Ó¨áí/ ë»ñÁ Ù»ÏÇ Ñ»ï ϳå»É. The door won’t ~ ¸áõ-
Ï»ñå. after/in a ~ ÙÇ Ï»ñå, áñáß ã³÷áí. after éÁ ãÇ ÏáÕåíáõÙ, ~ on to an idea ·³Õ³÷³-
the ~ of áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ ûñÇݳÏáí/ÝÙ³Ý. in a ñÇÝ Ï³éã»É. ~ the crime on Ù»ÕùÁ μ³ñ¹»É:
strange ~ ï³ñûñÇÝ³Ï Ï»ñåáí. (Ýáñ³Ó¨áõ- fastener [΄fa:snə] n ÷³Ï. ÷³Ï³Ý. ëáÕݳÏ.
ÃÛáõÝ, Ùá¹³) the latest ~ í»ñçÇÝ Ýáñ³Ó¨áõ- Ïá׳Ï. ׳ñٳݹ:
ÃÛáõÝÁ. be the /be in ~ Ùá¹³ ÉÇÝ»É. follow the fastidious [fæ΄stidiəs] a ¹Åí³ñ³Ñ³×, å³-
~ Ùá¹³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï¨»É. come into/go out of ~ Ùá- ѳÝçÏáï. ~ about food/in one’s dress å³-
¹³ÛÇÏ ¹³éݳÉ/Ùá¹³ÛÇó ¹áõñë ·³É. set the ~ ѳÝçÏáï/¹Åí³ñ³Ñ³× áõï»ÉÇùÇ/ѳ·áõë-
Ùá¹³ ë³ÑٳݻÉ/¹³ñÓÝ»É: ïÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ:
fashionable [΄fæ∫nəbl] a Ýáñ³Ó¨, Ùá¹³Û³- fat [fæt] n ׳ñå, ÛáõÕ inclined to run to ~ ·Ç-
ϳÝ. ßù»Õ, í³Û»Éáõã: ñ³Ý³Éáõ ѳÏáõÙ áõݻݳÉ. fry in ~ ÛáõÕáí
fashion-monger [΄fæ∫n‚mΛŋgə] n å×ݳ- ï³å³Ï»É. The ~ is in the fire öáñÓ³ÝùÝ
ë»ñ, Ùá¹³Û³ÙáÉ: ³ÝËáõë³÷»ÉÇ ¿. ~ content ÛáõÕÇ ù³Ý³ÏÁ:
fashion-paper [΄fæ∫n‚peipə] n Ùá¹³ÛÇÏ fat [fæt] a ÛáõÕ³ÉÇ, ׳ñåáï. ~ food/meat Ûáõ-
ѳݹ»ë/³Ùë³·Çñ/ÅáõéݳÉ: Õ³ÉÇ ëÝݹ³Ùûñù, ׳ñåáï ÙÇë. a ~ wo-
fashion show [΄fæ∫n‚∫əu] n ÙṳݻñÇ óáõ- man/ cheeks/cattle ·»ñ ÏÇÝ, ã³ÕÉÇÏ Ãß»ñ,
ó³¹ñáõÙ: μï³Í ³Ý³ëáõÝ. grow/get/become ~ ·Çñ³-
fast [fa:st] 1. n ÏñáÝ. å³Ñù/å³ë, ÍáÙ. break ݳÉ, ã³Õ³Ý³É. ~ soil å³ñ³ñï/μ»ññÇ ÑáÕ.
a ~ å³ëÁ μ³ó»É, óóËí»É. a ~ day a ~ wallet/salary ÷Ëμ. ѳëï ¹ñ³Ù³å³Ý³Ï,
å³ëáõó ûñ. 2. v å³Ñù/å³ë å³Ñ»É: μ³ñÓñ ³ß˳ï³í³ñÓ. cut up ~ Ù»Í
fast I [fa:st] 1. a ³ñ³·, ëñÁÝóó. a ~ train ųé³Ý·áõÃÛáõÝ ÃáÕÝ»É. a ~ lot ËëÏó. ÇÝã-
³ñ³·ÁÝóó ·Ý³óù. My watch is 5 min. ~ ÆÙ å»ë ã¿ A ~ lot you know Þ³ï μ³Ý »ë ѳë-
ųٳóáõÛóÁ 5 ñáå» ³é³ç ¿. a ~ film ½·³- ϳÝáõÙ, ÇÝãå»ë ã¿°. A ~ lot you care Þ³ï »ë
ÛáõÝ ýáïáųå³í»Ý. (óá÷, ûè³ÙÇï) live ³Ýѳݷëï³ÝáõÙ, ÇÝãå»ë ã¿°:
a ~ life ûè³ÙÇï ÏÛ³Ýù í³ñ»É. be of the ~ fatal [΄feitl] a ׳ϳﳷñ³Ï³Ý. ٳѳóáõ,
set ½μáë³ÙáÉ/ù»ýãÇ ÉÇÝ»É. 2. adv ³ñ³·, ٳѳμ»ñ, Ïáñëï³μ»ñ. a ~ mistake ׳ϳ-
³ñ³·áñ»Ý. live ~ ÏÛ³ÝùÁ í³ïÝ»É. work/ ï³·ñ³Ï³Ý ë˳É. ~ shot ٳѳóáõ Ïñ³-
run/type ~ ³ñ³· ³ß˳ï»É/í³½»É/ïå»É: Ïáó. ~ accident/injury ٳѳóáõ å³ï³Ñ³ñ/
fast II [fa:st] a ³Ùáõñ, åÇݹ, ¹ÇÙ³óÏáõÝ. a ~ íݳëí³Íù. The wound was ~ ì»ñùÁ ٳѳ-
grip/hold ³Ùáõñ μéÝ»ÉÁ. a hard and ~ rule óáõ ¿ñ. It would be ~ to mention it ËëÏó.
ËÇëï ϳÝáÝ. ~ decision ѳëï³ï áñáßáõÙ. Øïùáí¹ ã³ÝóÝÇ ³Û¹ Ù³ëÇÝ ÑÇß³ï³Ï»É:
play ~ and loose å³ñï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ãϳ- fatalit/y [fə΄tæləti] n ³Õ»ï, Ù³Ñ, ¹Åμ³Ë-
ï³ñ»É. make a boat/rope ~ ³Ùñ³óÝ»É Ý³í³- ïáõÃÛáõÝ, road ~ies ׳ݳå³ñѳÛÇÝ
fate 316 favour

å³ï³Ñ³ñÝ»ñ/¹Åμ³Ëï ¹»åù»ñ/íóñ- fatten [΄fætn] v ã³Õ³óÝ»É, μï»É (³Ý³ëáõÝ)£


Ý»ñ. There were no ~ies سѳóáõ ¹»åù»ñ fatty [΄fæti] a ·»ñ, ã³Õ. ׳ñå³ÛÇÝ. ~ tissue
ãϳÛÇÝ: ϽÙË. ׳ñå³ÛÇÝ ÑÛáõëí³Íù:
fate [feit] n μ³Ëï, ׳ϳﳷÇñ. decide fatuous [΄fætjuəs] a ÑÇÙ³ñ, ïËÙ³ñ, ³Ý-
smb’s ~ Ù»ÏÇ μ³ËïÁ áñáß»É. accept one’s ~ ÙÇï. a ~ smile ÑÇÙ³ñ ÅåÇï:
׳ϳﳷÇñÝ ÁݹáõÝ»É. leave smb to his/her faucet [΄fɔ:sit] n çñÇ Íáñ³Ï:
~ μ³ËïÇ ùٳѳ×áõÛùÇÝ ÃáÕÝ»É. tempt ~ faugh [fɔ:] int Ãá°õ, Ãá°õÑ
μ³ËïÁ ÷áñÓ»É. share the same ~ μ³Ëï³- fault [fɔ:lt] n ë˳É, ûñáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ñ³ï. a ~ in
ÏÇó ÉÇÝ»É. as sure as ~ ѳëï³ï. meet one’s ~ essay ëË³É ëï»Õͳ·áñÍáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç. find ~
½áÑí»É. His ~ is sealed Üñ³ μ³ËïÝ ³ñ¹»Ý with Ù³Ýñ³ËݹñáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É. ï»Ë. ³Ý-
áñáßí³Í ¿: ë³ñùáõÃÛáõÝ, íóñ a ~ in the electrical sys-
fate [feit] v ϳÝËáñáß»É, ݳËáñáß»É. He was tem ³Ýë³ñùáõÃÛáõÝ ¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³Ý ѳٳ-
~d Ýñ³Ý íÇ׳Ïí³Í ¿ñ. They were not ~d ϳñ·áõÙ. (Ù»Õù) He is at ~ ݳ Ù»Õ³íáñ
Üñ³Ýó íÇ׳Ïí³Í ã¿ñ: ¿/×Çßï ã¿. without ~ ³ÝÙ»Õ. personal ~
fateful [΄feitfl] a ׳ϳﳷñ³Ï³Ý, í×é³- ³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý Ù»Õù. admissin of ~ Ù»ÕùÇ
ϳÝ: ÁݹáõÝáõÙ. Unless my memory is at ~ ºÃ» ÇÝÓ
fat-head [΄fæthed] n ÑÇÙ³ñÇ ·ÉáõË, ÇÙ ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ ãÇ ¹³í³×³ÝáõÙ. be at ~
ïËÙ³ñ, ³åáõß Ù³ñ¹: Ñ»ïùÁ ÏáñóÝ»É: ÑÙÏñ·. ~ - tolerant system
father [΄fa:ðə] n ѳÛñ. cruel/strict/indulgent ~ ë˳ÉÝ»ñÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ ϳÛáõÝ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·.
¹³Å³Ý/ËÇëï/Ý»ñáÕ³ÙÇï ѳÛñ. adoptive ~ ~ avoidance ³Ýë³ñùáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³ÝËáõÙ. ~ de-
Ñ᷻ѳÛñ. resemble/take after one’s ~ ÑáñÁ tection ë˳ÉÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ûïݳμ»ñáõÙ. ~ look up
ÝÙ³Ý ÉÇÝ»É. like ~ like son ËÝÓáñÁ ͳéÇó ³Ýë³ñùáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ áñáÝáõÙ:
Ñ»éáõ ãÇ ÁÝÏÝáõÙ. (ù³Ñ³Ý³) Our Father faultfinder [΄fɔ:ltfaində] n Ù³Ýñ³ËݹÇñ/
гÛñ Ø»ñ (³ÕáÃù). ghostly ~ Ëáëïáí³Ý³- μͳËݹÇñ ³ÝÓ. ï»Ë. ³ñ³ï³óáõÛó
ѳÛñ. Pilgrim F~s ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ³é³çÇÝ (ë³ñù):
·³ÕáõóμݳÏÝ»ñÁ. ~-in-law ³Ý»ñ, faultless [΄fɔ:ltləs] a ³Ýμ³ëÇñ, ³Ýå³ñë³-
ëÏ»ëñ³Ûñ: í»ÉÇ:
father [΄fa:ðə] v ѳÛñ/ëï»ÕÍáÕ/Ñ»ÕÇÝ³Ï ÉÇ- faulty [΄fɔ:lti] a ë˳É. ï»Ë. íݳëí³Í, ³Ý-
Ý»É. ѳÛñáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É, áñ¹»·ñ»É. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ ë³ñù, Ëáï³Ýí³Í. ~ goods Ëáï³Ýí³Í
file ëϽμݳϳÝ/»É³Ï»ï³ÛÇÝ ý³ÛÉ: ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñ:
fatherhood [΄fa:ðəhud] n ѳÛñáõÃÛáõÝ: faun [fɔ:n] n ¹Çó. ³Ûͳٳñ¹:
fatherland [΄fa:ðəlænd] n ѳÛñ»ÝÇù: fauna [΄fɔ:nə] n ϻݹ³Ý³Ï³Ý ³ß˳ñÑ,
fatherless [΄fa:ðələs] a ³ÝѳÛñ, ÑáñÇó ý³áõݳ:
½áõñÏ: favour [΄feivə] n μ³ñ»Ñ³×áõÃÛáõÝ, ѳÏí³-
fatherly [΄fa:ðəli] 1. a ѳÛñ³Ï³Ý. 2. adv ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳٳÏñ³Ýù: win ~ with Ù»ÏÇ μ³-
ѳÛñ³μ³ñ: ñ»Ñ³×áõÃÛáõÝÁ ߳ѻÉ. find ~ in the eyes of
fathom [΄fæðəm] 1. n »ñϳñáõÃÛ³Ý Íáí³ÛÇÝ smn Ù»ÏÇ μ³ñ»Ñ³×áõÃÛ³ÝÁ ³ñųݳݳÉ.
Ùdzíáñ (1, 82Ù). 2. v ËáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ã³÷»É. look with ~ μ³ñÛ³ó³Ï³Ùáñ»Ý ݳۻÉ. in/out
÷Ëμ. ËáñÁ ó÷³Ýó»É, ѳëϳݳÉ. ~ a of ~ ɳí/í³ï ѳñ³μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ù»ç ÉÇ-
mystery ³é»ÕÍí³ÍÁ ѳϳݳÉ: Ý»É: speak in ~ of Ù»ÏÇ û·ïÇÝ Ëáë»É. (ëÇñ³-
fathomless [΄fæðəmləs] a ³Ýѳï³Ï, ³Ý- ÉÇñáõÃÛáõÝ, Ñáí³Ý³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ, û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ)
ÑáõÝ. ³Ýã³÷»ÉÇ: do smn a ~ ßÝáñÑ ³Ý»É, μ³ñÇ ÉÇÝ»É. do as a
fatigue [fə΄ti:g] 1. n Ñá·Ý³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. Ñá·Ý»ó- ~ áñå»ë ëÇñ³ÉÇñáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É. ask a ~ of
ÝáÕ/ͳÝñ ³ß˳ï³Ýù. 2. v Ñá·Ý»óÝ»É, smn Ëݹñ³Ýù áõݻݳÉ. appreciate the ~
áõųëå³é ³Ý»É. be ~d áõųëå³é ÉÇÝ»É: ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É ëÇñ³ÉÇñáõÃÛáõÝÁ. in ~ Ç û·áõï,
fatling [΄fætliŋ] n ·Çñ³óñ³Í/Ùë³óáõ ³Ý³- Ñû·áõï. by your ~ Ó»ñ ÃáõÛÉïíáõÃÛ³Ùμ.
ëáõÝ: under ~ of Ñáí³Ýáõ/Ñáí³Ý³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý Ý»ñ-
fatness [΄fætnəs] n ·ÇñáõÃÛáõÝ, ã³ÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ùá. a cheque in ~ of í׳ñ³·Çñ Ç û·áõï.
(ÑáÕÇ) å³ñ³ñïáõÃÛáõÝ/åïÕ³μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ: show ~ to smn áñ¨¿ Ù»ÏÇÝ ³é³í»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ
favour 317 feature

ï³É. speak in ~ of Ù»ÏÇ û·ïÇÝ Ëáë»É: fearless [΄fiələs] a ³Ýí³Ë:


favour [΄feivə] v ѳí³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É. μ³ñ»- fear-monger [΄fiə‚mΛŋgə] n Ëáõ׳å³-
ѳ×/ëÇñ³ÉÇñ ÉÇÝ»É ~ the proposal ³é³ç³ñ- ñ³ñ:
ÏÇÝ Ñ³í³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É. (³ç³Ïó»É) The fearsome [΄fiəsəm] a ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ, ½³ñÑáõ-
facts ~ the theory ö³ëï»ñÁ ËáëáõÙ »Ý Ñû- ñ»ÉÇ:
·áõï ï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý. (·»ñ³¹³ë»É, ݳËÁÝï- feasibility [‚fi:zə΄biləti] n Çñ³·áñÍ»ÉÇáõ-
ñ»É). ~ clever students ·»ñ³¹³ë»É ˻ɳóÇ ÃÛáõÝ, åÇï³ÝÇáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ study ·áñÍݳϳÝ
áõë³ÝáÕÝ»ñÇÝ. (ßÝáñÑ ³Ý»É, å³ñï³íá- ÏÇñ³éáõÃÛ³Ý áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ. technical
ñ»óÝ»É) ~ with a reply ßÝáñÑ ³Ý»É/μ³ñÇ ~ study ï»ËÝÇϳå»ë Çñ³·áñÍ»ÉÇáõÃÛ³Ý
ÉÇÝ»É å³ï³ë˳ݻÉ. He ~ed us with a smile áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ:
ܳ μ³ñ»Ñ³×»ó Ååï³É. (ÝÙ³Ý ÉÇÝ»É) He feasible [΄fi:zəbl] a Ñݳñ³íáñ, Çñ³·áñÍ»ÉÇ,
~s his father ܳ ÝÙ³Ý ¿ Çñ ÑáñÁ: åÇï³ÝÇ:
favourable [΄feivərəbl] a μ³ñ»Ýå³ëï, feast [fi:st] 1. n ËÝçáõÛù, ù»ý. (å³ßïáݳ-
Ýå³ëï³íáñ. opportunity/weather/situation ϳÝ) ׳ßÏ»ñáõÛÃ. 2. v ÑÛáõñ³ëÇñ»É, ïáÝ»É.
μ³ñ»Ýå³ëï Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ/»Õ³Ý³Ï/ ù»ý ³Ý»É. ~ one’s friends ÁÝÏ»ñÝ»ñÇÝ ÑÛáõ-
Çñ³íÇ×³Ï ~ outcome Ýå³ëï³íáñ ñ³ëÇñ»É:
³ñ¹ÛáõÝù. (μ³ñÛ³ó³Ï³Ù, μ³ñ»Ñ³×) ~ sur- feat [fi:t] n ëËñ³·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ of arms é³½-
roundings/attitude μ³ñÛ³ó³Ï³Ù ÙÇç³- Ù³Ï³Ý ëËñ³·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ:
í³Ûñ/í»ñ³μ»ñÙáõÝù£ feather [΄feðə]1. n ÷»ïáõñ. as light as a ~ ÷»-
favoured [΄feivəd] a ³ñïáÝÛ³É, ³ñïáÝí³Í. ïáõñÇ ÝÙ³Ý Ã»Ã¨. a ~ in one’s cap å³ñͳÝ-
μ³ñ»μ»ñ: ùÇ ³é³ñϳ. crop one’s ~s Ù»ÏÇ Ã¨»ñÁ
favourite [΄feivrət] n, a ëÇñ»óÛ³É, Ñáí³Ý³- Ïïñ»É. birds of a ~ ÙÇ ë³ÝñÇ Ïï³í. be in fine
íáñÛ³É. ëÇñ»ÉÇ, ëÇñ³Í. general ~ μáÉáñÇ ~ ÷Ëμ. ɳí ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É.
ÏáÕÙÇó ëÇñí³Í: singe one’s ~s è»ñÁ ˳ÝÓ»É, ³ÝѳçáÕáõ-
fawn [fɔ:n] n »ÕÝÇÏÇ Ó³·. ¹»Õݳ¹³ñãݳ- ÃÛáõÝ Ïñ»É. 2. v ÷»ïáõñÝ»ñáí ½³ñ¹³ñ»É,
·áõÛÝ: ÷»ïñ³íáñ»É. ~ one’s nest ÷Ëμ. ·ñå³Ý-
fawn [fɔ:n] v ··í»É. The dog ~ed ÞáõÝÁ åáãÁ Ý»ñÁ ÉóÝ»É:
˳ճóÝáõÙ ¿ñ. ~ on smb ÷Ëμ. ùÍÝ»É, ßáÕá- feather-brained [΄feðəbreind] a ¹³ï³ñÏ,
ùáñûÉ: ûè³ÙÇï:
fawning [fɔ:niŋ] a ëïáñ³ù³ñß, ëïñϳ- feathering [΄feðəriŋ] n ÷»ïñ³íáñáõÙ:
μ³ñá: ÑÙÏñ·. featherweight [΄feðəweit] n Ùñ½. ÷»ïñ³-
fax [fæks] n ý³ùë, Ñ»é³å³ï×»Ý: ù³ß:
FDD [΄flɒpi disk draiv] floppy disk drive ×ÏáõÝ feathery [΄feðəri] a ÷»ïñ³íáñ, ÷»ïáõñ-
ëϳí³é³Ï, ëϳé³í³Ï³ÏÇñ: Ý»ñáí ͳÍÏí³Í. ÷»ïáõñÇ ÝÙ³Ý Ã»Ã¨:
fear [fiə] n í³Ë, ³Ñ, »ñÏÛáõÕ. ~ of death /lo- feature [΄fi:t∫ə] n ѳïϳÝÇß. ~s ¹ÇÙ³·ÇÍ.
neliness/unknown Ù³Ñí³Ý »ñÏÛáõÕ. ٻݳÏáõ- distinguishing ~s ³é³ÝÓݳѳïÏáõÃÛ³Ý
ÃÛ³Ý í³Ë. ³ÝѳÛïáõÃÛ³Ý ³ÑÁ. for ~ of μÝáñáß ·Í»ñ. ~ of one’s character μݳíáñáõ-
³ÑÇó, í³ËÇó. ~ overtook/seized/gripped her ÃÛ³Ý ³é³ÝÓݳѳïÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ articles
²ÑÁ Ýñ³Ý å³ï»ó. without ~ or favour ³Ý³- (ûñÃÇ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ) ÑÇÙݳϳÝ/Ùßï³Ï³Ý Ñá¹-
ã³éáñ»Ý, ³ÝÏáÕÙÝ³Ï³É Ï»ñåáí. No ~! àã í³ÍÝ»ñ. (·ÇÍ) main/basic/outstanding/common
ÙÇ ¹»åùáõÙ. No reason for your ~s ²Ý- ~ ·É˳íáñ/ÑÇÙݳϳÝ/ï³ñμ»ñÇã, μÝáñáß/
ѳݷëï³Ý³Éáõ áã ÙÇ ÑÇÙù ãϳ: ÁݹѳÝáõñ ·ÇÍ. ~ (film) Édzٻïñ³Å, ·»-
fear [fiə] v í³Ë»Ý³É, »ñÏÛáõÕ Ïñ»É, ³Ý- Õ³ñí»ëï³Ï³Ý ýÇÉÙ. ~ writer ³Ïݳñϳ-
ѳݷëï³Ý³É. ~ the worst í³ï³·áõÛÝÇó ·Çñ:
í³Ë»Ý³É. I ~ that ... ì³Ë»ÝáõÙ »Ù, áñ... feature [΄fi:t∫ə] v Ýϳñ³·ñ»É, å³ïÏ»ñ»É,
Don’t ~ ØÇ° ³Ýѳݷëï³ó»ù: óáõó³¹ñ»É. The film ~s the battle üÇÉÙÁ
fearful [΄fiəfl] a í³ËÏáï, »ñÏãáï. í³Ë»- å³ïÏ»ñáõÙ ¿ ׳ϳï³Ù³ñï. The news was
ó³Í. ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ, ½³ñÑáõñ»ÉÇ. be ~ of ~d on the front page ÜáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ïåí³Í ¿ñ
í³Ë»Ý³É: ûñÃÇ ³é³çÇÝ ¿çÇ íñ³:
featureless 318 fell

featureless [΄fi:t∫ələs] a ³Ý³ñï³Ñ³ÛïÇã: ill/happy/gulty/tired ÑÇí³Ý¹/»ñç³ÝÇÏ/ Ù»Õ³-


febrile [΄fi:brail] a μÅßÏ. ï»Ý¹³ÛÇÝ, ï»Ý¹Ç: íáñ/Ñá·Ý³Í ½·³É. ~ quite oneself ³éáõÛ·/
February [΄februəri] n, a ÷»ïñí³ñ. É³í ½·³É. ~ limp ë³ëïÇÏ ÃáõÛÉ ½·³É. ~ stiff
÷»ïñí³ñÇ, ÷»ïñí³ñÛ³Ý: Ù³ñÙÇÝÁ ç³ñ¹ñïí»É. (ßáß³÷»É) ~ the pulse
feckless [΄fekləs] a ³Ýû·Ý³Ï³Ý, ³Ý׳ñ³Ï: ½³ñÏ»ñ³ÏÁ ßáß³÷»É. ~ the weight of ͳÝ-
feculent [΄fekjulənt] a åÕïáñ: ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ½·³É. ~ one’s way ˳ñ˳÷»Éáí
fecund [΄fekənd] a åïÕ³μ»ñ. ÷Ëμ. ³ñ·³- ·Ý³É. ~ for the switch ³Ýç³ïÇãÁ ÷Ýïñ»É.
ë³íáñ, μ»ÕÙݳíáñ: (³åñáõÙÝ»ñ áõݻݳÉ) ~ a friend’s death í»-
fecundity [fi΄kΛndəti] n åïÕ³μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ñ³åñ»É ÁÝÏ»ñáç Ù³ÑÁ. ~ the insult deeply
÷Ëμ. ³ñ·³ë³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ: Ëáñ íÇñ³íáñ³Ýù ½·³É. ~ strongly about
federal [΄fedərəl] a ¹³ßݳÛÇÝ. ~ republic ½³ÛñáõÛà ½·³É áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ. ~ the
¹³ßݳÛÇÝ Ñ³Ýñ³å»ïáõÃÛáõÝ: beauty of the nature μÝáõÃÛ³Ý ·»Õ»óÏáõÃÛáõ-
federation [‚fedə΄rei∫n] n ¹³ßÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ÝÁ ½·³É. ~ for smn Ù»ÏÇÝ Ï³ñ»Ïó»É/ѳٳ-
ÙdzíáñáõÙ, ÙÇáõÃÛáõÝ, ý»¹»ñ³ódz: Ïñ»É. ~ like ó³ÝϳݳÉ. ~ like eating/drining
federative [΄fedərətiv] a ¹³ßݳÏó³ÛÇÝ: áõï»É/ËÙ»É ó³ÝϳݳÉ. Do you ~ like a
fee [fi:] n í³ñÓ, í³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛáõÝ. ÑáÝáñ³ñ. swim? Îáõ½»Ý³ÛDZñ ÉáճݳÉ. It ~s like rain
doctor’s ~ μÅßÏÇ ³Ûó»É³í³ñÓ. membership ~ γñÍ»ë ³ÝÓñ¨ ¿ ·³Éáõ:
³Ý¹³Ù³í׳ñ (³Ý¹³ÙáõÃÛ³Ý). entrance ~ feeler [΄fi:lə] n ϻݹ. μ»ÕÇÏ, ßáß³÷áõÏ:
³Ý¹³Ù³í׳ñ (ÙáõïùÇ). club ~ ³ÏáõÙμÇ feeling [΄fi:liŋ] n ½·³óÙáõÝù, ½·³óáõÙ. a ~
³Ý¹³Ù³í׳ñ. admission ~ ÙáõïùÇ í׳ñ. of cold/fear óñïÇ/í³ËÇ ½·³óáõÙ. sincere/
licence ~ ³ñïáݳ·ñÇ í׳ñ. tuition ~s áõë- deep/strong ~ ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ/ËáñÁ/áõÅ»Õ ½·³óáõÙ
Ù³Ý í³ñÓ. professional ~s å³ïí³í׳ñ. have no ~ in one’s arm èÁ ÃÙñ»É. ~ of
court ~s ¹³ï³Ï³Ý ïáõñù: pride/gratitude Ñå³ñïáõÃÛ³Ý/ßÝáñѳϳÉáõ-
feeble [΄fi:bl] a ÃáõÛÉ. í³ï³éáÕç. ïϳñ. ÃÛ³Ý ½·³óáõÙ. ~ of inferiority/superiority ³Ý-
grow ~ ÃáõɳݳÉ, ïϳñ³Ý³É. a ~ joke ÉdzñÅ»ùáõÃÛ³Ý/·»ñÉdzñÅ»ùáõÃÛ³Ý ½·³-
ËëÏó. ³Ýѳ٠ϳï³Ï: óáõÙ. (½·³óáÕáõÃÛáõÝ) strange/queer ~
feebleminded [‚fi:bl΄maindid] a ÃáõɳÙÇï, ï³ñûñÇÝ³Ï ½·³óáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ for lan-
ïϳñ³ÙÇï: guages É»½í³Ï³Ý ½·³óáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. have no ~
feed [fi:d] n ëÝáõݹ, Ï»ñ. ³Ý³ëݳϻñ. ï»Ë. for anyone áã áùÇ Ù³ëÇÝ ãÙï³Í»É. be
ëÝáõÙ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~back ѻﳹ³ñÓ Ï³å. ~ cir- dead/lost to all ~ ³Ý½·³ ÉÇÝ»É, áã ÙÇ ½·³ó-
cuit ѻﳹ³ñÓ Ï³åÇ ë˻ٳ. ~ signal Ñ»- ÙáõÝù ãáõݻݳÉ. lose control of one’s ~s ÇÝù-
ï³¹³ñÓ Ï³åÇ ³½¹³Ýß³Ý: ݳï»ñ³å»ïáõÙÁ ÏáñóÝ»É. (ϳñÍÇù) good/
feed [fi:d] v Ï»ñ³Ïñ»É, ëÝ»É. ~ the children ill ~ ɳí/í³ï ϳñÍÇù. My ~ is that ...ºë
»ñ»Ë³Ý»ñÇÝ Ï»ñ³Ïñ»É. He has to ~ a family ϳñÍáõÙ »Ù, áñ... The general ~ was ...
ܳ å»ïù ¿ ÁÝï³ÝÇù Ï»ñ³ÏñÇ. ï»Ë. Ù³- ÀݹѳÝáõñ ϳñÍÇùÝ ³ÛÝ ¿ñ..:
ï³Ï³ñ³ñ»É The pipe ~s water/oil ÊáÕá- feign [fein] v Ï»ÕÍ»É, Ó¨³Ý³É. ~ illness /indif-
í³ÏÁ çáõñ/ݳíà ¿ Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñáõÙ. ~ in- ference ÑÇí³Ý¹/³Ýï³ñμ»ñ Ó¨³Ý³É:
formation into a computer ѳٳϳñ·ãÇ Ù»ç feint [feint] n Ï»ÕÍáõÙ, Ó¨³óáõÙ. é½Ù. Ï»ÕÍ/
ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ÙïóÝ»É. (ëÝí»É) In sum- ëáõï ѳñÓ³ÏáõÙ. Ùñ½. Ï»ÕÍ Ñ³ñí³Í. make
mer we mostly ~ on fruits ²Ùé³ÝÁ Ù»Ýù ÑÇÙ- a ~ of Ó¨³Ý³É:
ݳϳÝáõÙ Ùñ·»ñáí »Ýù ëÝíáõÙ. be fed up feldspar [΄feldspa:] n ÑÝù. ¹³ßï³ÛÇÝ ëå³Ã:
ËëÏó. ÙÇÝ㨠ÏáÏáñ¹Á Ïßï³ó³Í ÉÇÝ»É/ felicitate [fə΄lisiteit] v ßÝáñѳíáñ»É:
½½í³Í ÉÇÝ»É. ~ back ï»Ë. ѻﳹ³ñÓ Ï³å. felicitous [fə΄lisitəs] a ѳñÙ³ñ, ѳçáÕ, ¹Ç-
audience ~ back Éë³ñ³ÝÇ ³ñÓ³·³ÝùÁ: åáõÏ:
feeder [΄fi:də] n áõïáÕ, Ëݳٳéáõ. large ~ felicity [fə΄lisəti] n μ³Ëï, »ñç³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
ß³ï³Ï»ñ. »ñ»Ë³ÛÇÝ Ï»ñ³Ïñ»Éáõ ÍͳÏ. feline [΄fi:lain] a ϳïíÇ, ϳïí³ÛÇÝ:
ï»Ë. ëÝáõóáÕ Ù»Ë³ÝǽÙ: fell [fel] n ÙáñÃÇ, Ùáõßï³Ï:
feeding stuffs [΄fi:diŋstΛfs] n Ï»ñ: fell [fel] v Ë÷»É, ѳñí³Í»É. ѳï»É, Ïïñ»É-
feel [fi:l] v ½·³É. ~ well/bad ɳí/í³ï ½·³É. ~ ·ó»É, í³Ûñ ·ó»É (ͳéÁ):
fellow 319 fertilizer

fellow [΄feləu] n Ù³ñ¹, »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹ ïÕ³. fend [fend] v Ñ»ï ÙÕ»É, ϳë»óÝ»É. ~ off a
clever/foolish/agreeable/strange ~ ˻ɳóÇ/ blow/ an attack ѳñí³ÍÁ/ѳñÓ³ÏáõÙÁ
ïËÙ³ñ/ ѳ׻ÉÇ/ï³ñûñÇÝ³Ï ïÕ³. poor ~ ! ϳë»óÝ»É. ~ for oneself ÇÝùÝ Çñ»Ý å³ßï-
Ë»Õ× Ù³ñ¹. that journalist ~ ³Û¹ Éñ³·ñáÕÁ. å³Ý»É, Çñ Ù³ëÇÝ Ñá·³É:
old ~ Í»ñáõÏ, μ³ñ»Ï³Ù. (·áñÍÁÝÏ»ñ, ÁÝÏ»ñ) fender [΄fendə] n å³ßïå³Ý³Ï³Ý ó³Ýó/
a ~ pupil ¹³ëÁÝÏ»ñ. a ~ worker ·áñÍÁÝÏ»ñ. ~ í³Ñ³Ý³Ï. μáõ˳ñáõ ó³Ýó. (³íïáÙ»ù»-
traveller/passenger áõÕ»ÏÇó. ~ countryman ݳÛÇ) ó»Ë³í³Ñ³Ý³Ï:
ѳÛñ»Ý³ÏÇó, »ñÏñ³ÏÇó. (·Çï³Ï³Ý ÁÝÏ»- fennel [΄fenl] n μëμ. ë³ÙÇÃ:
ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³Ý¹³Ù) ~ of a college ùáÉ»çÇ ³Ý- ferment [΄fə:ment] n ٳϳñ¹, ËÙáñÇã, ËÙá-
¹³Ù-¹³ë³Ëáë. research ~ ³í³· ·Çï³ß- ñáõÙ. ý»ñÙ»Ýï£
˳ïáÕ: ferment [fə΄ment] v ùÇÙ. ÃÃí»É, ËÙáñí»É,
fellow-feeling [‚feləu΄fi:liŋ] n ѳٳÏñáõ- ËÙáñáõÙ ³é³ç³óÝ»É:
ÃÛáõÝ, ѳٳÏñ³Ýù. ѳ۳óùÝ»ñÇ/ϳñÍÇù- fermentation [‚fə:men΄tei∫n] n ËÙáñáõÙ,
Ý»ñÇ ÁݹѳÝñáõÃÛáõÝ: ý»ñÙ»Ýï³ódz. ÷Ëμ. ËÙáñáõÙ, Ëéáíáõ-
fellowship [΄feləu∫ip] n ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ÁÝÏ»- ÃÛáõÝ:
ñ³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ. ÁÝÏ»ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ½·³óáõÙ. fern [fə:n] n μëμ. Ó³ñËáï:
³Ý¹³ÙáõÃÛáõÝ (ùáÉ»çÇ, ËáñÑñ¹Ç): ferocious [fə΄rəu∫əs] a í³Ûñ»ÝÇ, í³Ûñ³·,
felonious [fə΄ləuniəs] a ѳÝó³íáñ, ã³ñ³- ϳï³ÕÇ. ËëÏó. ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ, ³Ýï³Ý»ÉÇ:
ÙÇï. ~ intent ѳÝó³íáñ Ýå³ï³Ï: ferocity [fə΄rɒsəti] n í³Ûñ»ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, í³Ûñ³-
felon/y [΄feləni] Çñ³í. ùñ»³Ï³Ý ѳÝó³·áñ- ·áõÃÛáõÝ, ¹³Å³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ies and misdemeanoures ѳÝó³Ýù- ferret [΄ferit] n ϻݹ. Ͻ³ùÇë:
Ý»ñ ¨ ½³Ýó³ÝùÝ»ñ: ferret [΄ferit] v (Ͻ³ùÇëáí) áñë³É.
felt [felt] n óÕÇù, Ýñμ³Ã³ÕÇù, ý»ïñ: (μÝÇó/áñçÇó) ¹áõñë ùß»É. go ~ing (Ͻ³-
felt [felt] a óÕÇù». a ~ hat óÕÇù» ·É˳ñÏ. ùÇëáí) áñëÇ ·Ý³É/áñë ³Ý»É. ~ out a secret
~ slippers óÕÇù» Ñáճó÷ÇÏÝ»ñ. ~ boots ÷Ëμ. ·³ÕïÝÇùÁ ¹áõñë Ïáñ½»É. ~ about in
ϳ×Û³ /óÕÇù» ÏáßÇÏÝ»ñ (í³É»Ýϳ)£ one’s pocket ·ñå³ÝáõÙ ÷Ýïñ»É/åñåï»É:
female [΄fi:meil] n ÏÇÝ (ݳ¨ ³ñÑÙ.). ϻݹ. ¿·. ferriferous [fe΄rifərəs] a »ñϳó˳éÝ,
~ voice ϳݳóÇ Ó³ÛÝ. ~ part ϳݳóÇ/ÏÝáç »ñϳà å³ñáõݳÏáÕ:
¹»ñ: ferro-concrete [‚ferəu΄kɒŋkri:t] n »ñϳÃ-
female [΄fi:meil] a Ç·³Ï³Ý, Ç·³Ï³Ý ë»éÇÝ μ»ïáÝ:
å³ïϳÝáÕ/Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇã. the ~ sex ϳ- ferrous [΄ferəs] a ùÇÙ. »ñϳóÛÇÝ, »ñϳÃ
ݳóÇ ë»éÁ. a ~ insect ¿· ÙÇç³ï: å³ñáõݳÏáÕ:
femineity [‚femi΄neiiti] n ϳݳóÇáõÃÛáõÝ: ferry [΄feri] 1. n ɳëï³Ý³í. ·»ï³Ýó (ݳ¨
feminine [΄femənin] a Ç·³Ï³Ý, ϳݳóÇ. ~ boat). a roll-on-roll-off ~ ³íïáÙ»ù»Ý³Ý»ñ
ϳݳódzϳÝ, Ù»ÕÙ, ùÝùáõß: ï»Õ³÷áËáÕ É³ëï³Ý³í. take a ~ ɳëï³-
fen [fen] n ׳ÑÇ×, ׳Ñ×áõï: ݳíáí ·Ý³É. ~ man ɳëï³í³ñ, ݳí³Ï³-
fen-berry [fen΄beri] n Éáé³Ùñ·Ç: í³ñ. 2. v ɳëï³Ý³íáí ÷á˳¹ñ»É/³Ýó-
fence [fens] n ó³Ýϳå³ï. picket ~ óó³- Ý»É:
å³ï. stone/brick/green ~ ù³ñ»/³ÕÛáõë»/Ï»Ý- fertile [΄fə:tail] a åïÕ³μ»ñ, åïÕ³í»ï.
¹³ÝÇ μáõÛëÇ ó³Ýϳå³ï. ÷Ëμ. ·áÕáõÝÇ ÷Ëμ. ³ñ·³ë³íáñ, ѳñáõëï ³é³ï. a ~
óùëïáó. Ùñ½. ëáõë»ñ³Ù³ñï. sit on the ~ writer/imagination ³ñ·³ë³íáñ ·ñáÕ, ѳ-
÷Ëμ. ëå³ëáճϳÝ/㻽áù ¹Çñù ·ñ³í»É: ñáõëï »ñ¨³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ:
fence [fens] v ó³Ýϳå³ï»É. ~ in a garden fertility [fə:΄tiləti] n åïÕ³μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. Ï»Ýë.
³Û·ÇÝ ó³Ýϳå³ï»É. Ùñ½. ëáõë»ñ³Ù³ñ- μ»ÕÙݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ. ÷Ëμ. ѳñëïáõÃÛáõÝ:
ï»É. ÷Ëμ. ~ and give no direct reply (ݳ¨ ~ fertilization [‚fə:təlai΄zei∫n] n å³ñ³ñï³-
with a question) áõÕÕ³ÏÇ å³ï³ë˳ÝÇó óáõÙ. Ï»Ýë. μ»ÕÙݳíáñáõÙ:
ËáõÛë ï³É: fertilize [΄fə:təlaiz] v å³ñ³ñï³óÝ»É. Ï»Ýë.
fencing [΄fensiŋ] n ó³Ýϳå³ïáõÙ. ó³Ýϳ- μ»ÕÙݳíáñ»É:
å³ïÇ ÝÛáõÃ. Ùñ½. ëáõë»ñ³Ù³ñïáõÙ: fertilizer [΄fə:təlaizə] n å³ñ³ñï³ÝÛáõÃ. ar-
ferule 320 fiddle

tificial ~ ѳÝù³ÛÇÝ å³ñ³ñï³ÝÛáõÃ: feudal [΄fju:dl] a ý»á¹³É³Ï³Ý:


ferule [΄feru:l] n (¹åñ.) å³ïųù³ÝáÝ: feudalism [΄fju:d(ə)liz(ə)m] n ý»á¹³ÉǽÙ:
fervency [΄fə:vnsi] n »é³Ý¹, ˳ݹ. ç»ñÙ fever [΄fi:və] n ï»Ý¹, ç»ñÙ. hay ~ Ùáɳùáñ.
½·³óáõÙ, μáõéÝ Ó·ïáõÙ: brain ~ áõÕ»ÕÇ μáñμáùáõÙ. scarlet ~ ùáõûß.
fervent [΄fə:vnt], μáõéÝ, Ïñ³Ïáï, í³é. have a high ~ μ³ñÓñ ç»ñÙáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ.
ç»ñÙ, ç»ñÙ»é³Ý¹: yellow ~ ¹»Õݳï»Ý¹. (Ñáõ½ÙáõÝù, ÝÛ³ñ-
fervid [΄fə:vid] a μÝëï. ï³ù, Ïñ³Ïáï£ ¹³ÛÇÝ íÇ׳Ï) in a ~ of excitement ËÇëï
fervour [΄fə:və] n ³íÛáõÝ, »é³Ý¹, ˳ݹ³- Ñáõ½í³Í/·ñ·éí³Í íÇ׳ÏáõÙ:
í³éáõÃÛáõÝ: feverish [΄fi:vəri∫] a ï»Ý¹³ÛÇÝ, ï»Ý¹Ç
festal [΄festl] a ïáݳϳÝ, áõñ³Ë, áõñ³Ë³- ç»ñÙÇ:
ÉÇ: few [fju:] prn, a ùÇã, ë³Ï³í. ~ people ùÇã
fester [΄festə] n óñ³ËáïáõÙ, óñ³Ë³Ï³- Ù³ñ¹. ~ opportunities ë³Ï³í Ñݳñ³íáñáõ-
ÉáõÙ. óñ³Ëáï í»ñù: ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. a ~, some ~ ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ. a good/not a/
festival [΄festəvl] n ÷³é³ïáÝ, ý»ëïÇí³É. quite a ~ μ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ ß³ï/Ù»Í ÃÇí. every ~
youth/song/film ~ »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹³Ï³Ý/»ñ·Ç/ days Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ »ñÏáõ-»ñ»ù ûñÁ. only a
ÏÇÝá-÷³é³ïáÝ£ ~ ÙdzÛÝ ÙÇ ù³ÝÇëÁ. ~ and far between ß³ï
festive [΄festiv] a ïáݳϳÝ, ѳݹÇë³íáñ. in ѳ½í³¹»å:
~ mood ïáÝ³Ï³Ý ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç: fewness [΄fju:nəs] n ÷áùñ³ÃíáõÃÛáõÝ, ë³-
festivit/y [fe΄stivəti] n ïáÝ, ïáݳϳ- ϳí³ÃíáõÃÛáõÝ:
ï³ñáõÙ, ïáÝáõÙ. ~ies ïáݳϳï³ñáõ- fiance [fi΄ɒnsei] n ÷»ë³óáõ:
ÃÛáõÝ, ѳݹ»ë. wedding ~ ѳñë³ÝÇù, fiancee [fi΄ɒnsei] n ѳñëݳóáõ:
ѳñë³ÝÛ³ó ïáÝ. New Year ~ies Ýáñ fiasco [fi΄æskəu] n ϳï³ñÛ³É Ó³ËáÕáõÙ,
ï³ñí³ ïáݳϳï³ñáõÃÛáõÝ/ѳݹ»ë: ³ÝѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ:
festoon [fes΄tu:n] 1. n ͳÕϳßÕó. ųݻ- fib [fib] n ËëÏó. ëï³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝ, ëáõï,
ϳ½³ñ¹. 2. v ½³ñ¹³ñ»É ͳÕϳßÕóݻ- ÷ãáó. tell ~s ÷ã»É, ëáõï ³ë»É:
ñáí/ ¹ñ³ë³Ý·Ý»ñáí: fiber, fibre [΄faibə] n Ù³Ýñ³Ã»É. çÇÕ. çÇÉ.
fetch [fet∫] n Ñݳñù, Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ: (μݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ) of coarse ~ ÏáåÇï (³ÝÓ-
fetch [fet∫] v ·Ý³É ¨ μ»ñ»É. ~ a doctor μÅßÏÇ Ý³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ). of strong moral ~ áõÅ»Õ μ³-
Ñ»ï¨Çó ·Ý³É. ~ the children from school »ñ»- ñáÛ³Ï³Ý ëϽμáõÝùÝ»ñÇ ï»ñ. ~ glass
˳ݻñÇÝ ¹åñáóÇó μ»ñ»É. (»Ï³Ùáõï/÷áÕ ³å³ÏÛ³ Ù³Ýñ³Ã»É:
μ»ñ»É) The house ~ed a lot îáõÝÁ Ù»Í ·áõÙ³ñ fibred [΄faibəd] a Ù³Ýñ³Ã»É³íáñ, ûɳ-
μ»ñ»ó. This won’t ~ much êñ³Ý ß³ï ÷áÕ ß³ï:
ã»Ý ï³. ~ and carry Ù³Ýñ ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ fibrous [΄faibrəs] a ûÉù³íáñ. çÉáõï, çÕáï:
ϳï³ñ»É. ~ up the travel ׳Ù÷áñ¹áõÃÛáõÝÝ fibster [΄fibstə] n ëï³Ëáë:
³í³ñï»É: fickle [΄fikl] a ÷á÷á˳ϳÝ, ³ÝϳÛáõÝ. a ~
fetching [΄fet∫iŋ] ·ñ³íÇã, Ññ³åáõñÇã. a ~ character/friend ³ÝϳÛáõÝ μݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ.
hat/ smile ·»Õ»óÇÏ ·É˳ñÏ, ·ñ³íÇã ÅåÇï. ³Ýíëï³Ñ»ÉÇ ÁÝÏ»ñ£
look very ~ ß³ï Ññ³åáõñÇã ï»ëù áõݻݳÉ: fiction [΄fik∫n] n Ñݳñ³Ýù, ÑݳñáíÇ μ³Ý.
fetid [΄fetid] a ·³ñß³Ñáï: Ï»ÕÍÇù, Ñ»ñÛáõñ³Ýù. (·»Õ³ñí»ëï³Ï³Ý
fetish [΄feti∫] n Ïáõéù: ·ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ) detective/children’s ~ ¹»-
fetter [΄fetə]1. n pl ϳå³Ýù, ßÕóݻñ ï»ÏïÇí/Ù³ÝÏ³Ï³Ý ·ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. sci-
(ëïñÏáõÃÛ³Ý), áïݳßÕóݻñ. 2. v ßÕó- ence ~ ·Çï³ý³Ýï³ëïÇÏ ·ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ.
Û»É, ϳßϳݹ»É: distinguish fact and ~ ï³ñμ»ñ»É Çñ³Ï³Ýáõ-
fettle [΄fetl] n ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ, íÇ׳Ï. in good ~ ÃÛáõÝÝ áõ Ñݳñ³ÝùÁ:
ɳí íÇ׳ÏáõÙ. in fine ~ ɳí ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõ- fiction-monger [΄fik∫n‚mΛŋgə] n ËëÏó.
ÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç: ÷ã³Ý, ëï³Ëáë Ù³ñ¹:
feud [fju:d] n ÃßݳÙáõÃÛáõÝ. blood ~ ³ñÛ³Ý fictitious [fik΄ti∫əs] a ÑݳñáíÇ, ßÇÝÍáõ,
íñ»ÅËݹñáõÃÛáõÝ. family ~ ÁÝï³Ý»Ï³Ý Ï»ÕÍ:
í»×»ñ. deadly ~ ³Ýѳßï ÃßݳÙáõÃÛáõÝ: fiddle [΄fidl] n ËëÏó. çáõóÏ. Ù»ù»Ý³Ûáõ-
fiddle 321 fighting

ÃÛáõÝ. a tax ~ ѳñϳÛÇÝ Ù»ù»Ý³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ. fit fiendish [΄fi:ndi∫] a ë³ï³Ý³Û³Ï³Ý, ¹Çí³-


as a ~ áÕç ¨ ³éáÕç. as long as a ~ Ó·í³Í/ ÛÇÝ, ¹Åá˳ÛÇÝ. have a ~ time Ù»Í ¹Åí³ñáõ-
Ùé³ÛÉ ¹»Ùù. play the first ~ ÷Ëμ. ³é³çÇÝ ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ áõݻݳÉ:
çáõÃ³Ï Ýí³·»É, ջϳí³ñ ¹»ñ ˳ճÉ: fierce [fiəs] a ϳï³ÕÇ, í³Ûñ³·, ³ÝáÕáù. a
fiddle [΄fidl] v çáõÃ³Ï Ýí³·»É. Ù»ù»Ý³Ûáõ- ~ look/animal ϳï³ÕÇ Ñ³Û³óù/·³½³Ý. a ~
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ³Ý»É. ~ the accounts ѳßÇíÝ»ñÁ frost/wind ë³ëïÇÏ ë³éݳٳÝÇù. Ëëï³-
Ï»ÕÍ»É. ~ with motor car Ù»ù»Ý³Ûáí ½μ³Õ- ßáõÝã ù³ÙÇ. a ~ foe ³ÝáÕáù ÃßݳÙÇ. ~ bat-
í»É/ ÷áñ÷ñ»É. ~ with one’s papers ÃÕûñÁ tle/struggle/fight ϳï³ÕÇ Ù³ñï, ³ÝáÕáñÙ
˳éÝ»É: å³Ûù³ñ. ~ hatred ë³ëïÇÏ ³ï»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ:
fiddlededee [‚fidldi΄di:] n ¹³ï³ñÏ μ³Ý, fiery [΄faiəri] a Ññ»Õ»Ý, Ññ³í³é, Ïñ³Ïáï.
³ÝѻûÃáõÃÛáõÝ: μáó³í³é. ³ÛñáÕ, Ïñùáï:
fiddler [΄fidlə] n çáõóϳѳñ (ݳ¨ ³ñÑÙ.) fifteen [‚fif΄ti:n] num ï³ëÝÑÇÝ·:
˳μ»μ³, ˳ñ¹³Ë Ù³ñ¹: fifteenth [‚fif΄ti:nθ] num ï³ëÝÑÇÝ·»ñáñ¹:
fiddlestick [΄fidlstik] n çáõóÏÇ ÏÝïÏÝïáó fifth [fifθ] num ÑÇÝ·»ñáñ¹:
³Õ»Õ. ~s ÷Ëμ. ³ÝѻûÃáõÃÛáõÝ: fiftieth [΄fiftiəθ] num ÑÇëáõÝ»ñáñ¹:
fidelity [fi΄deləti] n ѳí³ï³ñÙáõÃÛáõÝ, fifty [΄fifti] num ÑÇëáõÝ. the ~ ffties ÑÇëáõݳ-
ÝíÇñí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ: ϳÝÝ»ñÁ. ~ - ~ ѳí³ë³ñ, ÏÇëáíÇ. go ~ - ~
fidget [΄fidзit] n ³Ý¹³¹ñáõÙ/³ÝѳݷÇëï ÏÇëáíÇ í׳ñ»É. on a ~ - ~ basis ѳí³ë³ñ
Ù³ñ¹. ³ÝѳݷÇëï ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ³ÝѳÙμ»ñ/ ÑÇÙáõÝùÝ»ñáí:
çÕ³ÛÝ ß³ñÅáõÙÝ»ñ: fig [fig] n μëμ. Ãáõ½. don’t care a ~ í»çë ãÇ,
fidget [΄fidзit] v ï»Õáõ٠ѳݷÇëï ãÝëï»É, Ãù³Í. green ~s óñÙ Ãáõ½. ~ tree ý»ÝÇ. ~
Çñ³ñ ³ÝóÝ»É: leaf ý»Ýáõ ï»ñ¨. ÷Ëμ. Ù»ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ ͳÍ-
fidgety [΄fidзəti] a ³ÝѳݷÇëï, Çñ³ñ³Ýó- Ï»Éáõ áñ¨¿ μ³Ý:
ÝáÕ: fight [fait] n Ù³ñï, å³Ûù³ñ. fierce/stubborn/
field [fi:ld] n ¹³ßï, Ù»Í ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. unequal/constant ~ ϳï³ÕÇ/ѳٳé/³Ýѳ-
open/ green/fertile/magnetic/corn ~ μ³ó/ϳݳã í³ë³ñ/Ùßï³Ï³Ý å³Ûù³ñ. (ÏéÇí) a street ~
/μ»ññÇ/Ù³·ÝÇë³Ï³Ý/»·Çåï³óáñ»ÝÇ ÷áÕáó³ÛÇÝ ÏéÇí. have ~ in one ï³ù³ñÛáõÝ
¹³ßï ~ of vision ï»ë³¹³ßï. ~ of battle å³- ÉÇÝ»É. get into a ~ ÏéíÇ Ù»ç ÙïÝ»É. spoil for a
ï»ñ³½ÙÇ ¹³ßï. in the ~ å³ï»ñ³½ÙáõÙ. ~ ÏéíÇ ³éÇà ÷Ýïñ»É. a cockfight ³ùÉáñ³-
(μݳ·³í³é, ³ëå³ñ»½, áÉáñï) in the ~ of ÏéÇí:
art/science ³ñí»ëïÇ/·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý μݳ·³í³- fight [fait] v Ïéí»É, å³Ûù³ñ»É, Ù³ñïÝã»É. ~
éáõÙ. ~ mission ·áñÍÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý í³Ûñ ·áñ- against disease/terrorism å³Ûù³ñ»É ÑÇí³Ý-
ÍáõÕ»ÉÁ. a specialist in many ~s ï³ñμ»ñ μݳ- ¹áõÃÛ³Ý/³Ñ³μ»ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý, ï»éáñǽÙÇ ¹»Ù.
·³í³éÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëݳ·»ï. ~ of application ~ a battle/a war against Ïéí»É/Ù³ñïÝã»É/ ׳-
ÏÇñ³éáõÃÛ³Ý áÉáñï. Ùñ½. playing ~ ˳- ϳï³Ù³ñï ÙÕ»É Áݹ¹»Ù. ~ off an attack
Õ³¹³ßï. athletic ~ Ù³ñ½³¹³ßï. the ~ ˳- ·ñáÑÁ »ï ÙÕ»É. ~ a fire Ïñ³ÏÇ ¹»Ù å³Ûù³-
Õ³óáÕÝ»ñÁ, ÙñóÙ³Ý Ù³ëݳÏÇóÝ»ñÁ. back ñ»É. ~ back tears ÷Ëμ. ³ñóáõÝùÝ»ñÁ ½ëå»É.
the ~ ·ñ³½ ·³É (ÙñóÙ³Ý Ù³ëݳÏÇóÝ»ñÇ ~ off sleep ùáõÝÁ ÷³ËóÝ»É. ~ down ×Ýß»É,
íñ³). (¹³ßï³ÛÇÝ ) ~ flowers/glasses/ hospi- ˻չ»É. ~ out ÙÇÝ㨠í»ñç Ïéí»É. ~ one’s way
tal/hockey ¹³ßï³ÛÇÝ Í³ÕÇÏÝ»ñ/»ñϹÇ- ׳ݳå³ñÑ Ñ³ñûÉ. ~ for freedom/one’s
ï³Ï/ÑÇí³Ý¹³Ýáó/ÑáÏ»Û, ~ work »ñÏñμ., rights/one’s life ˳ճÕáõÃÛ³Ý/Çñ Çñ³íáõÝù-
ÑÝ·. ¹³ßï³ÛÇÝ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñ/Ýϳñ³- Ý»ñÇ/ÏÛ³ÝùÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ å³Ûù³ñ»É/Ïéí»É:
ѳÝáõÙ. ~ studies Çñ³íÇ׳ÏÇ áõëáõÙݳ- fighter [΄faitə] n Ù³ñïÇÏ. μéÝóù³Ù³ñïÇÏ.
ëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ officer μ³ñÓñ³ëïÇ×³Ý ëå³: ³í. ÏáñͳÝÇã. ~ pilot ÏáñͳÝÇã û¹³ãáõ.
Field-Marshal [‚fi:ld΄ma:∫l] n ý»É¹Ù³ñ- That dog is a ~ Îéí³ñ³ñ ßáõÝ ¿:
ß³É: fighting [΄faitiŋ] n Ù³ñï, ׳ϳï³Ù³ñï,
fiend [fi:nd] n ë³ï³Ý³, ã³ñ á·Ç, ¹¨. ã³ñ³- ÏéÇí. heavy ~ ͳÝñ ׳ϳï³Ù³ñï. street ~
·áñÍ. (áñ¨¿ μ³Ýáí ï³ñí³Í) drug ~ ÃÙñ³- ÷áÕáó³ÛÇÝ ÏéÇí. ~ spirit Ù³ñï³Ï³Ý á·Ç.
ÙáÉ. a fresh air ~ óñÙ û¹Ç ÙáÉÇ/·ÇÅ: be ~ fit ËëÏó. Ù³ñï³Ï³Ý Ó¨Ç Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É:
figment 322 fill

figment [΄figmənt] n ÑݳñáíÇ μ³Ý, »ñ¨³- file II [fail] n ÃÕóå³Ý³Ï. ·áñÍ. Éñ³·ñ»ñÇ/
ϳÛáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ of the imagination »ñ¨³Ï³- ÷³ëï³ÃÕûñÇ Ñ³Ù³ÉÇñ. Çñ³í. ¹³ï³-
ÛáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñ·³ëÇù; Ï³Ý ·áñÍ. card-index ~ ù³ñï³ñ³Ý. a loose-
figurative [΄figərətiv] a ÷á˳μ»ñ³Ï³Ý, leaf ~ ³ñ³·³Ï³ñ ÃÕóå³Ý³Ï. personal ~
å³ïÏ»ñ³íáñ. in a ~ sense ÷á˳μ»ñ³Ï³Ý ³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍ. the ~s ³ñËÇí. be on the
ÇÙ³ëïáí: ~s ·áñÍ»ñÇ Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É: ÑÙÏñ·. addressing
figure [΄figə] n ÃÇí, Ãí³Ýß³Ý. double ~s ý³ÛÉÇ Ñ³ëó»³íáñáõÙ. ~ allocation ý³ÛÉÇ
»ñϳÝÇß Ãí»ñ. exact/official ×ß·ñÇï/å³ß- ï³ññ»ñÇ ï»Õ³μ³ßËáõÙ. ~ description block
ïáÝ³Ï³Ý Ãí»ñ. in round ~s ÏÉáñ Ãí»ñáí. ý³ÛÉÇ Ýϳñ³·ñáõÃÛ³Ý μÉáÏ. ~ device
~s Ãí³μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. be good at ~s Ãí³μ³Ýáõ- ý³ÛɳÛÇÝ/ý³ÛɳÛÇÝ Ï³éáõóí³Íùáí ë³ñù.
ÃÛáõÝÇó áõÅ»Õ ÉÇÝ»É a high ~ Ù»Í ·áõÙ³ñ. ~ security ý³ÛÉÇ å³ßïå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ exten-
(å³ïÏ»ñ, Ó¨) ~ skating Ó¨³íáñ ãÙßϳ- sion ý³ÛÉÇ ï»ë³Ï. ~ and print sharing ý³ÛÉÇ
ë³Ñù. (·Í³·Çñ) See ~ 2 on page 5 î»°ë ·Í³- ¨ ïåÇãÇ Ñ³Ù³ï»Õ û·ï³·áñÍáõÙ£
·Çñ /å³ïÏ»ñ 2, ¿ç 5. (Çñ³Ý, Ù³ñÙÇÝ, file III [fail] n ß³ñù, ïáÕ³Ý. in single/Indian ~
ϳ½Ùí³Íù) beautiful/graceful/slim ·»Õ»- Ù»ÏÁ ÙÛáõëÇ Ñ»ï¨Çó. in double ~ »ñÏáõ³Ï³Ý
óÇÏ/í³Û»Éáõã/Ýñμ³·»Õ ϳ½Ùí³Íù. shape- ß³ñí³Íùáí. the rank and ~ ß³ñù³ÛÇÝ ½ÇÝ-
less/lithe/clumsy /flawed/ lean ~ ïÓ¨/ ×ÏáõÝ/ íáñ/ϳ½Ù:
ͳÝñ³ß³ñÅ, ³ÝßÝáñÑù/ûñ³Ï³½Ù, ¹»- file I [fail] v ˳ñïáó»É. ~ down ˳ñïáó»É,
ý»Ïï³íáñ/ÝÇѳñ ϳ½Ùí³Íù. slight/neat/ ÑÕÏ»É, Ùß³Ï»É (ݳ¨ á×Á ¨ ³ÛÉÝ) ~ one’s nails
bony/ plump/slender/stocky ~ ÷ËñáõÝ/Ýñμ³- »ÕáõÝ·Ý»ñÁ Ù߳ϻÉ:
·»Õ/áëÏñáï/ÃÙμÉÇÏ/μ³ñ»Ï³½Ù/ ÃÇÏݳ- file II [fail] v ·ñ³Ýó»É ¨ å³Ñ»É ÃÕûñÁ/·ñáõ-
í»ï, ³Ùáõñ ϳ½Ùí³Íù. keep/watch one’s ~ ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ. ·áñÍ Ï³½Ù»É. ѳÝÓÝ»É ³ñËÇí.
å³Ñå³Ý»É ϳ½Ùí³ÍùÁ. Ñ»ï¨»É ~ a document ÷³ëï³ÃáõÕà ݻñϳ۳óÝ»É. ~
ϳ½Ùí³ÍùÇÝ. a ~ in the dark Ï»ñå³ñ³Ýù
a lawsuit Çñ³í. ѳÛó Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É. ~ a peti-
ÙÃáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç. (³ÝÓݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ï³Ý³-
tion ¹ÇÙáõÙ Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É. ~ as ÑÙÏñ·. å³-
íáñ ¹»Ùù) an outstanding/important ~ ³ñï³-
Ñ»É áñå»ë:
ϳñ·/ϳñ¨áñ ³ÝÓݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ/¹»Ùù. pub-
filer [failə] n ÃÕóϳÉ, ÃÕóå³Ý³Ï:
lic ~ ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ·áñÍÇã. historic(al) ~
å³ïÙ³Ï³Ý ¹»Ùù. a ~ of speech ÷á˳μ»-
filet [΄filei] n ³ë»Õݳ·áñÍí³Íù, ýÇÉ». ËÑñ.
ëáõÏÇ, ýÇÉ»:
ñáõÃÛáõÝ, å³ïÏ»ñ³íáñ ³ñï³Ñ³Ûïáõ-
ÃÛáõÝ. Ñé»ïáñ³Ï³Ý ¹³ñÓí³Í. cut a ~
filial [΄filiəl] a áñ¹Ç³Ï³Ý:
ïå³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ ÃáÕÝ»É. make a brilliant/poor
filibuster [΄filibΛstə] n å³ïÙ. Íáí³Ñ»Ý.
½ÇÝíáñ³Ï³Ý ³ñϳͳËݹÇñ:
~ Ñá۳ϳå/ËÕ×áõÏ ï»ëù áõݻݳÉ:
figure [΄figə] v å³ïÏ»ñ³óÝ»É. ѳٳñ»É, filigree [΄filigri:] n ó³Ýó³ÑÛáõë³½³ñ¹ (áë-
Ïáõ ¨ ³ÛÉ Ù»ï³Õ³É³ñ»ñÇó). ýÇÉÇ·ñ³Ý:
Ùï³Í»É, ѳëϳݳÉ. I can’t ~ it out ºë ¹³
ã»Ù ϳñáÕ Ñ³ëϳݳÉ. That’s what we ~d
filing [΄failiŋ] n Éñ³·ñ»ñÇ /÷³ëï³ÃÕûñÇ
Ø»Ýù Ñ»Ýó ³Û¹å»ë ¿É ϳñÍáõÙ ¿ÇÝù. ѳٳÉÇñ. ~ system ѳٳÉÇñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Á.
(ѳßí»É) ~ out expenses ͳËë»ñÁ ѳßí»É. ~ ~ cabinet ѳٳÉÇñÁ å³Ñ»Éáõ å³Ñ³ñ³Ý ~
on the list óáõó³Ïáõ٠ѳݹ»ë ·³É/ÑÇß³- clerk ·ñ³ë»ÝÛ³ÏÇ Í³é³ÛáÕ:
ï³Ïí»É. (ÑáõÛë áõݻݳÉ/ϳå»É) ~ on one’s fill [fil] n ÏßïáõÃÛáõÝ, Ïßï³ó³Í ÉÇÝ»ÉÁ. eat/
arrival Ù»ÏÇ ·³Éáõ Ñ»ï ÑáõÛë»ñ ϳå»É: drink one’s ~ Ïáõßï áõï»É/ËÙ»É. have one’s ~
figured [΄figəd] a ݳËß³íáñ, Ó¨³íáñ, ËëÏó. ÙÇÝ㨠ÏáÏáñ¹Á Ïáõßï ÉÇÝ»É (ݳ¨
å³ïÏ»ñ³íáñ: ÷Ëμ.):
figure-head [΄figəhed] n ³Ýí³Ý³Ï³Ý, fill [fil] v ÉóÝ»É, Éóí»É, Éñ³óÝ»É. ~ the glass/
ëáëÏ ³ÝáõÝáí ׳ݳãíáÕ Õ»Ï³í³ñ: bottle μ³Å³ÏÁ/ßÇßÁ ÉóÝ»É. Her eyes ~ed with
filament [΄filəmənt] n Ù³Ýñ³Ã»É, ûÉÇÏ. ¿É. tears ²ãù»ñÁ ³ñóáõÝùáí Éóí»óÇÝ. Smoke ~ed
ßÇϳóÙ³Ý Ã»É: the room ê»ÝÛ³ÏÁ ÍËáí Éóí»ó. ~ in/up a hole
filch [filt∫] v ·áճݳÉ, ÃéóÝ»É: ³ÝóùÁ ÷³Ï»É. ~ a tooth ³ï³ÙÁ ÉóÝ»É/
file I [fail] n ˳ñïáó. nail ~ »ÕáõÝ·Ý»ñÇ åÉáÙμ»É. ~ a post å³ßïáÝ ½μ³Õ»óÝ»É. ~ a
˳ñïáóÇÏ: vacancy ó÷áõñ ï»ÕÁ ½μ³Õ»óÝ»É. ~ a need
fillet 323 find

å³Ñ³ÝçÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ë˳ݻÉ. ~ed Ý»ñ. ~ weather ·³ñß»ÉÇ »Õ³Ý³Ï:


with admiration/despair ÑdzóÙáõÝùáí/Ñáõë³- filtration [fil΄trei∫n] n ù³ÙáõÙ, ù³Ù»ÉÁ:
ѳïáõÃÛ³Ùμ ÉÇ. ~ in a form/questionnaire Ó¨/ fin [fin] n ÉáÕ³Ï, Éáճè. ɳëï, Ù³ßϳóÃ.
ѳñó³Ã»ñÃÇÏ Éñ³óÝ»É. ~ in the date ³Ùë³- dorsal/tail ~ Ù»çùÇ/åáãÇ Éáճè:
ÃÇíÁ ·ñ»É. ~ in cracks in the wall å³ïÇ ×»Õ- final [΄fainl] n Ùñ½. ³í³ñï, »½ñ³÷³ÏÇã
ù»ñÁ ëí³Õ»É. ~ in for the director ¹Çñ»Ïïá- ˳Õ, ýÇݳÉ. ~s ³í³ñï³Ï³Ý ùÝÝáõ-
ñÇÝ ÷á˳ñÇÝ»É. ~ out ɳÛݳݳÉ, ɳÛݳó- ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ:
Ý»É. ~ up to the brim ÙÇÝ㨠»½ñÁ Éóí»É: final [΄fainl] a í»ñçÇÝ, »½ñ³÷³ÏÇã, ³í³ñ-
fillet [΄filit] n í³ñë³Ï³É, ųå³í»Ý£ ï³Ï³Ý, í×é³Ï³Ý. ~ account í»ñçݳϳÝ
filling [΄filiŋ] n ³ï³ÙݳÉÇóù, åÉáÙμ. ËÑñ. ѳßÇí. ~ version í»ñçÝ³Ï³Ý í³ñϳÍ/
ÉóáÝ. Éó³íáñáõÙ (í³é»ÉÇùáí). ~ station μ»Ý- ï³ñμ»ñ³Ï. ~ decision í»ñçÝ³Ï³Ý áñáßáõÙ.
½³Éó³Ï³Û³Ý: ~ judgement Çñ³í. í»ñçÝ³Ï³Ý í×Çé. ~ con-
filly [΄fili] n ½³ÙμÇÏ, ÙïñáõÏ: cert/scene/year/chapter í»ñçÇÝ Ñ³Ù»ñ·Á, »½-
film [film] n Ýñμ³Ù³ßÏ. μ³ñ³Ï ß»ñï, ó- ñ³÷³ÏÇã ï»ë³ñ³Ý. í»ñçÇÝ ï³ñÇÝ,
Õ³ÝÃ. a thin ~ of dust ÷áßáõ μ³ñ³Ï ß»ñï. ÏáõñëÁ/ ·ÉáõËÁ. give a ~ touch í»ñçÇÝ
transparent ~ ó÷³ÝóÇÏ Ã³Õ³ÝÃ. ÏÇÝáų- ѳñ¹³ñ³ÝùÁ ³í³ñï»É. in the ~ analysis
å³í»Ý, ýáïáųå³í»Ý. ÏÇÝáÝϳñ, ýÇÉÙ. í»ñçÇÝ Ñ³ßíáí. That’s ~ ¸³ í»ñçÝ³Ï³Ý ¿:
develop a (colour) ~ (·áõݳíáñ) ųå³í»Ý finale [fi΄na:li] n ·ñÏ., »ñÅß. ýÇݳÉ:
»ñ¨³Ï»É. unexposed ~ ãû·ï³·áñÍí³Í ų- finality [fai΄næləti] n ³í³ñïí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ,
å³í»Ý. full/short length/sound/silent/documen- í»ñçݳϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ, »½ñ³÷³ÏáõÙ:
tary ~ »ñϳñ³Ù»ïñ³Å/ϳñ׳ٻïñ³Å/ finalize [΄fainəlaiz] v í»ñçݳϳݳå»ë áñá-
ÑÝãÛáõݳÛÇÝ/ѳÙñ/÷³ëï³·ñ³Ï³Ý ÏÇÝá- ß»É, ³í³ñïí»É. ~ the date ³Ùë³ÃÇíÁ í»ñç-
Ýϳñ. depressing/dull/sentimental/humorous ݳϳݳå»ë áñáß»É:
/popular-science ~ ×ÝßáÕ/Ó³ÝÓñ³ÉÇ/ë»ÝïÇ- finally [΄fainəli] adv í»ñçݳϳݳå»ë. í»ñ-
Ù»Ý ï³É/»ñ·Çͳ ϳÝ/·Çï³Ñ³Ý ñ³Ù³ï - ç³å»ë, Ç í»ñçá:
ã»ÉÇ ýÇÉÙ. make a ~ ýÇÉÙ Ýϳñ³Ñ³Ý»É. ~ finance [΄fainæns] n ýÇݳÝëÝ»ñ. system of ~
studio ÏÇÝáëïáõ¹Ç³. ~ director ÏÇÝá é»ÅÇ- ýÇݳÝëÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·. ministry of ~ ýÇ-
ëáñ. ~ actor/actress ÏÇÝá¹»ñ³ë³Ý/áõÑÇ. ~ ݳÝëÝ»ñÇ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~s ß³ÑáõÛÃ,
script ÏÇÝáëó»Ý³ñ. ~ star ÏÇÝá³ëïÕ: ÷áÕ. F~s are in a bad state öáÕÇ Ù»Í Ï³ñÇù
film [film] v óճÝÃáí ͳÍÏí»É. ÷³é³Ï³- ϳ/üÇݳÝëÝ»ñÁ ͳÝñ íÇ׳ÏáõÙ »Ý£
É»É. The mirror ~ed over гۻÉÇÝ ùñïÝ»É ¿. ~ finance [fai΄næns] v ýÇݳÝë³íáñ»É, ýÇ-
Raffi’s novel ¿Ïñ³Ý³íáñ»É ð³ýýáõ í»åÁ. ݳÝëÝ»ñáí ½μ³Õí»É:
The story won’t ~ well ä³ïÙí³ÍùÁ ѳñÙ³ñ financial [fai΄næn∫l] a ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý, ýÇ-
ãÇ ¿Ïñ³Ý³íáñÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ. ~ well/ill (ýá- ݳÝëÝ»ñÇ. ~ year/crisis/policy/assistance/con-
ïá)ÝϳñÝ»ñáõ٠ɳí/í³ï ¹áõñë ·³É: trol/audit ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý ï³ñÇ/׷ݳųÙ/
filming [΄filmiŋ] n ÏÇÝáÝϳñ³Ñ³ÝáõÙ: ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ/û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ/ÑëÏáÕáõ-
filmography [fil΄mɒgrəfi] n ųå³í»- ÃÛáõÝ/ëïáõ·áõÙ:
ݳ·ñáõÃÛáõÝ: financier [fai΄nænsiə] n ýÇݳÝëÇëï, ýÇ-
filter [΄filtə] n ù³ÙÇã, ½ïÇã, ýÇÉïñ. light/oil ~ ݳÝë³·»ï:
Éáõë³ýÇÉïñ, ÛáõÕÇ ýÇÉïñ. find [faind] v ·ïÝ»É, ѳÛïݳμ»ñ»É. ~ a mis-
filter [΄filtə] v ù³Ù»É, ½ï»É. ³ÝóÝ»É, ó÷³Ý- take/solution/one’s way ë˳É/ÉáõÍáõÙ/»ÉùÁ
ó»É.The news ~ed through ÜáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¹áõñë ·ïÝ»É. ~ a fault μͳËݹñáõÃÛáõÝ óáõó³μ»-
ëáÕáëÏ»ó/ï³ñ³Íí»ó. ~ - tipped cigarettes ñ»É. ~ guilty Ù»Õ³íáñ ׳ݳã»É. ~ the value
ýÇÉïñáí ëÇ·³ñ»ïÝ»ñ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ options of X Ù³Ã. ÇùëÇ ³ñÅ»ùÁ ·ïÝ»É. We found
½ïÙ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ/ÁÝïñ³ÝùÝ»ñ£ some ancient manusripts/old stones Ø»Ýù ѳÛï-
filth [filθ] n Ï»Õï, ï³Ï³Ýù. ·³ñß»ÉÇáõ- ݳμ»ñ»óÇÝù áñáß ÑݳٻÝÇ Ó»é³·ñ»ñ ¨
ÃÛáõÝ, ³Ýå³ñÏ»ßïáõÃÛáõÝ£ ÑÇÝ ù³ñ»ñ. She’s never to be found at office
filthy [΄filθi] a Ï»Õïáï, ³Ý³ñ·, ÉÏïÇ, ·³ñ- Üñ³Ý »ñμ»ù ãÇ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ÑÇÙݳñÏáõÙ μéÝ»ó-
ß»ÉÇ. ~ stories ³Ýå³ñÏ»ßï å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ- Ý»É. We found no one in àã áùÇ ï³ÝÁ ãμéÝ»ó-
finder 324 finish

ñÇÝù. ~ oneself Çñ ÏáãáõÙÁ ·ïÝ»É. (ѳٳñ»É) Ù³ï³Ý»Ù³ï/×ÏáõÛÃ. shake one’s ~ Ù³ïÁ


~ it impossible/necessary/reasonable ³ÝÑݳ- ó÷ ï³É. not lift/stir a ~ Ù³ïÁ ãß³ñÅ»É,
ñÇÝ/³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï/ËáÑ»Ù, ˻ɳóÇ Ñ³Ù³- ³Ýï³ñμ»ñ ÙݳÉ. Don’t dare lay a ~ on âѳ-
ñ»É. (·ïÝí»É) ~ oneself far from home/in a Ù³ñÓ³Ïí»ë Ù³ïáí ³Ý·³Ù Ó»éù ï³É.
rather difficult position ïÝÇó Ñ»éáõ ·ïÝí»É, point a ~ of scorn ³ñѳٳñѳÝùáí Ù³ïݳ-
μ³í³Ï³Ý ¹Åí³ñÇÝ Ï³óáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÁÝÏÝ»É. óáõÛó ³Ý»É. burn one’s ~s, get one’s ~s burnt
You’ll ~ I’m right Îï»ëÝ»ë, áñ »ë ×Çßï »Ù. ~ Ó³ËáÕí»É, ”í³éí»É”. have a ~ in smth Ù³ïÁ
smn well Ù»ÏÇÝ ù³ç³éáÕç ï»ëÝ»É. ~ for the ˳éÁ ÉÇÝ»É. slip through one’s ~s ËáõÛë ï³É,
plaintiff/ defendant Çñ³í. áñáß»É Ñ³Ûóíá- ¹áõñë åñÍÝ»É. His ~s are all thumbs ܳ ß³ï
ñÇ/å³ï³ë˳ÝáÕÇ û·ïÇÝ. ~ out ÇٳݳÉ, ³ÝßÝáñÑù ¿. keep one’s ~s crossed Ù³ïÝ»ñÁ
å³ñ½»É. ~ out where ÇÙ³Ý³É áñï»Õ ¿. ~ smb ˳ã»É (ݳ¨ ÷Ëμ.) ~ mark Ù³ïÇ Ñ»ïùÁ,
out Ù»ñϳóÝ»É, ¹Çٳϳ½»ñÍ ³Ý»É£ Ù³ïݳѻïù. ~ nail »ÕáõÝ· (Ó»éùÇ). ~ tips
finder [΄faində] n ï»Ë. áñáÝÇã ѳñÙ³ñ³Ýù. Ù³ïÝ»ñÇ Í³Ûñ»ñÁ. have smth at one’s ~ tips
ÉëÝÏ. ï»ë³¹³ßï áñáÝáÕ Ñ³ñÙ³ñ³Ýù. ÑÇÝ· Ù³ïÇ å»ë ׳ݳã»É:
·ïÝáÕ: finger [΄fiŋgə] v Ù³ïáí ¹Çåã»É, ßáß³÷»É. ~
finding [΄faindiŋ] n ·ï³Íá: cloth ·áñÍí³ÍùÁ ßáß³÷»É. Ù³ïÝ»ñáí Ó»éù
findings [΄faindiŋs] n »½ñ³Ï³óáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. ï³É. ~ one’s necklace Ù³ÝÛ³ÏÁ ßáß³÷»É:
Çñ³í. ¹³ï³ñ³ÝÇ áñáßáõÙ. make a ~ on finger alphabet [΄fiŋgər‚ælfəbet] n ËáõÉáõ-
áñáßáõ٠ϳ۳óÝ»É... í»ñ³μ»ñÛ³É: ѳÙñ»ñÇ ³Ûμáõμ»Ý.
fine [fain] 1. n ïáõ·³Ýù. heavy ~ Ù»Í ïáõ- finger-language [΄fiŋgər‚læŋgwidз] Å»ë-
·³Ýù. fixed ~ ѳëï³ï³·ñí³Í ïáõ·³Ýù. ï»ñÇ É»½áõ:
in ~ ϳñ× ³ë³Í, ÙÇ Ëáëùáí. impose/pay a ~ finger-post [΄fiŋgəpəust] n ׳ݳå³ñÑÝ»ñÇ
ïáõ·³Ýù ¹Ý»É/í׳ñ»É. police ~ áëïÇϳݳ- Ý߳ݳÓáÕ:
Ï³Ý ïáõ·³Ýù. in ~ ϳñ× ³ë³Í, ÙÇ Ëáë- finger-print [΄fiŋgəprint] n Ù³ïݳ¹ñáßÙ,
ùáí. 2. v ïáõ·³Ý»É: Ù³ïݳѻïù:
fine [fain] 1. a ÑdzݳÉÇ, ëù³Ýã»ÉÇ. ~ weather finical [΄finikl], finicking, finicky a μͳ-
å³ñ½ »Õ³Ý³Ï. a ~ man/day/trip/idea Ñdz- ËݹÇñ. å³Ñ³ÝçÏáï. ùٳѳ×. ~ work
ݳÉÇ Ù³ñ¹, ëù³Ýã»ÉÇ ûñ, Ñá۳ϳå ׳Ù- Ù³Ýñ³ÏñÏÇï ³ß˳ï³Ýù:
÷áñ¹áõÃÛáõÝ, ÐdzݳÉÇ ÙÇïù. when it’s ~ finicking [finikiŋ], finicky [΄finiki],
É³í »Õ³Ý³ÏÇÝ. turn ~ å³ñ½í»É (»Õ³Ý³ÏÁ) finikin [΄finikin] ï»°ë finical:
one ~ day ÙÇ ·»Õ»óÇÏ ûñ. a ~ excuse Ñá- finis [΄finis] n í»ñç:
۳ϳå å³ïñí³Ï. that’s ~ ÑdzݳÉÇ ¿. finish [΄fini∫] n ³í³ñï, í»ñç, í³Ë׳Ý. Ùñ½.
(Ýáõñμ, μ³ñ³Ï, Ù³Ýñ) ~ silk/china/work/dis- ýÇÝÇß. ÷Ëμ. ³í³ñïí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, ÑÕÏí³-
tinction Ýáõñμ Ù»ï³ùë, ÁÝïÇñ ׻ݳå³ÏÇ, ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. His playing lacks ~ Üñ³ ϳï³ñ-
μ³ñÓñáñ³Ï ³ß˳ï³Ýù. Ýáõñμ ï³ñμ»- Ù³Ý Ù»ç ãϳ ÑÕÏí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ/ÐÕÏ»Éáõ ϳ-
ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ rain/ sand/sieve μ³ñ³Ï ³ÝÓñ¨, ñÇù áõÝÇ:
Ù³Ýñ ³í³½, Ù³Ýñ Ù³Õ. ~ features Ýáõñμ finish [΄fini∫] v í»ñç³Ý³É, í»ñç³óÝ»É. ³-
¹ÇÙ³·Í»ñ. a ~ edge ëáõñ ͳÛñ. ~ arts ·»- í³ñï(í)»É (ݳ¨ Ù³ñ½³Ï³Ý). ~ work/a job
Õ»óÇÏ ³ñí»ëïÝ»ñ. 2. adv ÑdzݳÉÇ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ í»ñç³óÝ»É/³í³ñï»É. The re-
Ï»ñåáí, Ýñμáñ»Ý. chop up ~ ß³ï Ù³Ýñ pairs are ~ed ì»ñ³Ýáñá·áõÙÝ ³í³ñïí³Í ¿
Ïïñï»É. ~ grained Ù³Ýñ³Ñ³ïÇÏ: ~ the building/the portrait ³í³ñï»É ß»ÝùÇ Ï³-
finery [΄fainəri] n ×áË Ñ³·áõëï. ½³ñ¹, éáõóáõÙÁ/ ¹ÇÙ³ÝϳñÁ. Everything is ~ed (be-
½³ñ¹³ñ³Ýù. She was wearing all her ~ tween them) (Ýñ³Ýó ÙÇç¨) ²Ù»Ý ÇÝã ³í³ñï-
àïùÇó ·ÉáõË ½áõ·í»É-½³ñ¹³ñí»É ¿ñ: í³Í ¿. ~ military service ½ÇÝíáñ³Ï³Ý ͳé³-
finesse [fi΄nes] n ÝñμáõÃÛáõÝ, Ýñμ³·»Õáõ- ÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ í»ñç³óÝ»É. ~ a term in prison ϳ-
ÃÛáõÝ. lack ~ Ýáõñμ í³ñí»É³Ï»ñåÇó ½áõñÏ É³ÝùÇ Å³ÙÏ»ïÝ ³í³ñï»É. ~ early/unexpect-
ÉÇÝ»É: edly í³Õ/³Ýëå³ë»ÉÇ ³í³ñïí»É. (ëå³Ý»É,
finger [΄fiŋgə] n Ù³ï. index, first/middle/ áãÝã³óÝ»É) The shock merely ~ed him гñ-
fourth, ring/little ~ óáõó³Ù³ï/ÙÇçݳٳï/ í³ÍÁ ѳٳñÛ³ ëå³Ý»ó Ýñ³Ý. As an actor
finished 325 first

he is ~ed àñå»ë ¹»ñ³ë³Ý ݳ ëå³éí»É ¿. shot ³é³Ýó ÙÇ Ïñ³ÏáóÇ. F~ away! êÏë»°ù.


(ÑÕÏ»É, ϳï³ñ»É³·áñÍ»É) a ~ed perform- You’re ~d! ¸áõù Ñ»é³óí³Í »ù:
ance ³í³ñïáõÝ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõÙ. a well- ~ed fire-arm [΄faiəra:m] n Ññ³½»Ý:
portrait ·»Õ»óÇÏ/ϳï³ñÛ³É ¹ÇÙ³Ýϳñ: fire-ball [΄faiəbɔ:l] n ³ëáõå. ·Ý¹³Ó¨ ϳÛ-
finished [΄fini∫t] a í»ñç³ó³Í, í»ñç³óñ³Í. ͳÏ:
³í³ñïí³Í. ϳï³ñÛ³É: fire-brand [΄faiəbrænd] n ¹ñ¹Çã, ·ñ·éÇã.
finishing [΄fini∫iŋ] a í»ñçÇÝ. the ~ touches Ëéáí³ñ³ñ:
í»ñçÇÝ ßïñÇËÝ»ñÁ ~ post/line ³í³ñï³ÛÇÝ fire-brick [΄faiəbrik] n Ññ³Ï³ÛáõÝ ³ÕÛáõë:
(ÓáÕ³ëÛáõÝ. í»ñçݳ·ÇÍÁ, ³í³ñïÇ ·ÇÍÁ)£ fire-bug [΄faiəbΛg] n Éáõë³ïïÇÏ, ϳÛÍá-
finite [΄fainait] a ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï. ù»ñ. ¹ÇÙ³- éÇÏ:
íáñ μ³Û³Ó¨: ÑÙÏñ·. finite í»ñç³íáñ, ë³Ñ- fire-control [΄faiəkən‚trəul] n å³Ûù³ñ ³Ý-
ٳݳ÷³Ï. ~ difference method í»ñç³íáñ ï³é³Ññ¹»ÑÝ»ñÇ ¹»Ù. ï»Ë. ³ÛñÙ³Ý Ï³ñ-
ï³ñμ»ñ³Ï³Ý Ù»Ãá¹. ~ field ë³Ñٳݳ- ·³íáñáõÙ:
÷³Ï ¹³ßï. ~ memory í»ñç³íáñ/ë³ÑÙ³- fire-cracker [΄faiəkrækə] n ÑñÃÇé, Ññ³í³-
ݳ÷³Ï ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ set í»ñç³íáñ é»ÉÇù:
μ³½ÙáõÃÛáõÝ: fire-damp [΄faiədæmp] n ѳÝù³·³½, ß³-
fink [΄fiŋk] n ·áñͳ¹áõɳμ»Ï, ßïñ»ÛÏμñ»- é³ãáõÝ ·³½:
Ë»ñ: fire-fighter [΄faiə‚faitə] n ³Ù. Ññ¹»Ñ³ß»ç.
fiord [΄fi:ɔ:d] n ³ßËñ. ËáõóÍáó, ýÇáñ¹: ³Ýï³é³Ññ¹»ÑÝ»ñÇ ¹»Ù å³Ûù³ñáÕ:
fir [fə:] n μëμ. »Õ¨ÝÇ (ݳ¨ ~ tree). ~ cone »Õ¨- fire-fly [΄faiəflai] n ϻݹ. Éáõë³ïïÇÏ, ϳÛ-
Ýáõ ÏáÝ: ÍáéÇÏ:
fire [΄faiə]1. n Ïñ³Ï, μáó. ÷Ëμ. ˳ݹ³í³- fire-place [΄faiəpleis] n μáõ˳ñÇÏ:
éáõÃÛáõÝ. a camp ~ ˳ñáõÛÏ. an open ~ μáõ- fireside [΄faiəsaid] n μáõ˳ñáõ Ùáï Ýëï»Éáõ
˳ñÇ. an electric ~ ¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³Ý μáõ˳ñÇ. ï»Õ. ÷Ëμ. ÁÝï³Ý»Ï³Ý ûç³Ë:
make a ~ Ïñ³Ï í³é»É. keep up ~ Ïñ³ÏÁ firewood [΄faiəwud] n í³é»É³÷³Ûï:
å³Ñå³Ý»É/í³é å³Ñ»É. put out a ~ Ïñ³ÏÁ firework(s) [΄faiəwə:k(s)] n Ññ³í³éáõÃÛáõÝ:
ѳݷóÝ»É/Ù³ñ»É. shoot ~ ÷³Ûɳï³Ï»É, firing [΄faiəriŋ] n Ññ³Ó·áõÃÛáõÝ. ³ÛñáõÙ.
ϳÛÍ áõ Ïñ³Ï ó÷»É. poke the ~ Ïñ³ÏÁ ÃñÍáõÙ:
˳éÝ»É. sit by the ~ Ïñ³ÏÇ ÏáÕùÇÝ Ýëï»É. firm [fə:m] n Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ,
(be) on ~ Ïñ³ÏÇ/μáó»ñÇ Ù»ç/ÉÇÝ»É, í³éí»É. ýÇñÙ³. private ~ Ù³ëݳíáñ ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ/
play with ~ Ïñ³ÏÇ Ñ»ï ˳ճÉ. (Ññ¹»Ñ) ter- Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
rible /strong ~ ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ/áõÅ»Õ Ññ¹»Ñ. set firm [fə:m] a ³Ùáõñ, åÇݹ, ѳëï³ïáõÝ. ~
on ~ Ïñ³Ï ï³É, Ññ¹»Ñ»É. catch ~ μéÝÏí»É. basis/position ³Ùáõñ ÑÇÙù/¹Çñù. ~ ground ó³-
be insured against ~ Ññ¹»ÑÇó ³å³Ñáí³- Ù³ù. (ѳëï³ïáõÝ, ϳÛáõÝ) ~ character/con-
·ñí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. ~ insurance ³å³Ñáí³·ñáõÙ viction/purpose/prices/hand ³Ýë³ë³Ý μݳíá-
Ññ¹»ÑÇó. Ññ³Ó·áõÃÛáõÝ under ~ Ïñ³ÏÇ ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳëï³ïáõÝ Ñ³Ùá½ÙáõÝù/Ýå³-
ï³Ï. open ~ Ïñ³Ï μ³ó»É. cease ~ Ïñ³ÏÁ ï³Ï, ϳÛáõÝ ·Ý»ñ, áõÅ»Õ Ó»éù. ~ offer Éáõñç
¹³¹³ñ»óÝ»É. line of a ~ Ïñ³Ï³·ÇÍ. 2. a ³é³ç³ñÏ. ~ friends ³Ý¹³í³×³Ý ÁÝÏ»ñ-
Ññß»ç ~ proof Ññ³Ï³ÛáõÝ. ~ escape Ññß»ç/ Ý»ñ. be ~ with ËÇëï ÉÇÝ»É. (í×é³Ï³Ý) ~ ans-
å³Ñ»ëïÇ ³ëïÇ׳Ý. ~ alarm Ññß»ç ï³·- wer/measures í×é³Ï³Ý å³ï³ë˳Ý/ÙÇçáó-
ݳå. ~ brigade/ company Ññß»ç ËáõÙμ ~ man Ý»ñ. look ~ í×é³Ï³Ý ï»ëù áõݻݳÉ:
Ññß»ç. ~ truck/ engine Ññß»ç Ù»ù»Ý³. ~ ex- firmament [΄fə:məmənt] n »ñÏݳϳٳñ:
tinguisher Ïñ³ÏÙ³ñÇã. ~ hose Ññß»ç firmness [΄fə:mnəs] n ³ÙñáõÃÛáõÝ. ѳëï³-
÷áÕñ³Ï. ~ plug Ññß»ç Íáñ³Ï. ïáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ. í×é³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
fire [΄faiə] v í³é»É, Ïñ³Ï ï³É. Ïñ³Ï»É. ÷Ëμ. first [fə:st] n ëÏǽμ. from the very ~ Ñ»Ýó ³Ù»-
˳ݹ³í³é»É. ~ a rifle Ññ³ó³Ý Ïñ³Ï»É. ~ ݳëϽμÇó. from ~ to last ëϽμÇó ÙÇÝ㨠í»ñç.
two shots »ñÏáõ ³Ý·³Ù Ïñ³Ï»É. ~ questions at ~ ëϽμáõÙ, ݳË. the ~ (³ÙëÇ) Ù»ÏÁ. They
at smb ÷Ëμ. ѳñó»ñÇ ï³ñ³÷ ï»Õ³É. stop arrive on the ~ Üñ³Ýù ³ÙëÇ Ù»ÏÇÝ »Ý ·³ÉÇë.
~ing Ïñ³ÏÁ ¹³¹³ñ»óÝ»É. without ~ firing a We were the ~ to leave Ø»Ýù ³é³çÇÝÝ»ñÝ
first 326 fit

¿ÇÝù, áñ Ñ»é³ó³Ýù. get a ~ ·»ñ³½³Ýó ters åÕïáñ çñáõÙ ÓáõÏ áñë³É. ~ a coin out of
·Ý³Ñ³ï³Ï³Ý ëï³Ý³É: pocket ·ñå³ÝÇó ·ñáß Ïáñ½»É ~ for compli-
first [fə:st] a ³é³çÇÝ. ~ form/part/attempt/im- ments ÷Ëμ. ѳ×áÛ³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ áñë³É/
pression ³é³çÇÝ ¹³ë³ñ³Ý/Ù³ë/÷áñÓ/ ¹áõñë Ïáñ½»É:
ïå³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. for the ~ time ³é³çÇÝ ³Ý- fisher [΄fi∫ə] n (ݳ¨ ~man) ÓÏÝáñë. ÓÏÝáñë³-
·³Ù. ~ violin ³é³çÇÝ çáõóÏ. ~ name ³ÝáõÝ. Ï³Ý Ý³í³Ï:
~ floor »ñÏñáñ¹ ѳñÏ. ~ lieutenant ³í³· fisherman [΄fi∫əman] n ÓÏÝáñë£
É»Ûï»Ý³Ýï. ~ serve ³é³çÇÝ ëϽμݳ- fishery [΄fi∫əri] n ÓÏ³Ý áñë. ÓÏÝáñëáõÃÛáõÝ.
ѳñí³Í. ~ half Ùñ½. ³é³çÇÝ Ë³Õ³Ï»ë: ÓÏÝáñë³ñ³Ý. ÓÏݳí»ï ï»Õ:
first [fə:st] adv ݳË, ëϽμÇó. ~ of all Ý³Ë ¨ fish-fork [΄fi∫fɔ:k] n ÓÏÝáñë³Ï³Ý »é³Å³-
³é³ç. ~ and foremost ³Ù»ÝÇó ³é³ç. ~ and ÝÇ:
last ÁݹѳÝñ³å»ë. ~ or last í³Õ û áõß. at ~ fish-hook [΄fi∫huk] n ϳñÃ:
sight/glance ³é³çÇÝ Ñ³Û³óùÇó. in the ~ place fishing [΄fi∫iŋ] n ÓÏÝáñëáõÃÛáõÝ. go ~ ÓÏÝáñ-
ݳË, ³Ù»ÝÇó ³é³ç. ~ aid ³é³çÇÝ û·Ýáõ- ëáõÃÛ³Ý ·Ý³É. a ~ boat ÓÏÝáñë³Ï³Ý ݳ-
ÃÛáõÝ. ~ night óïñ. ³é³çÇÝ Ý»ñϳ۳- í³Ï. ~ tackle ÓÏÝáñë³Ï³Ý ë³ñù. ~ rod
óáõÙ, åñ»ÙÇ»ñ³. ~ -born ³Ý¹ñ³ÝÇÏ/³é³ç- ϳñóÓáÕ. ~ line ϳñóûÉ:
Ý»Ï (½³í³Ï). fishmonger [΄fi∫mΛŋgə] n ÓÏݳí³×³é:
first-class [‚fə:st΄kla:s] a ³é³çݳϳñ·, ·»- fishmonger‘s [΄fi∫mΛŋgə(r)s] ÓÏݳí³×³éÇ
ñ³½³Ýó. a ~ hotel ³é³çݳϳñ· ÑÛáõñ³- ˳ÝáõÃ:
Ýáó. travel ~ ³é³çÇÝ Ï³ñ·áí ׳Ù÷áñ¹»É: fishwife [΄fi∫waif] n ÓÏݳí³×³é ÏÇÝ:
first-hand [‚fə:st΄hænd] a ³ÝÙÇç³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý, fishy [΄fi∫i] a ÓÏݳÛÇÝ, ÓϳÝ. a ~ smell ÓϳÝ
³é³Ýó ÙÇçÝáñ¹Ç. ëϽμݳÕμÛáõñÇó. ~ expe- Ñáï. ËëÏó. ϳëϳͻÉÇ, ³Ýѳí³ï³ÉÇ
rience ë»÷³Ï³Ý ÷áñÓ. ~ knowledge look/ sound ~ ϳëϳͻÉÇ Ãí³É:
ëϽμݳÕμÛáõñÇó ëï³ó³Í ·Çï»ÉÇù. ~ in- fission [΄fi∫n] n ×»ÕùáõÙ, ïñáÑáõÙ. nuclear ~
formation ëϽμݳÕμÛáõñÇó ëï³ó³Í ï»Õ»- ÙÇçáõÏÇ ïñáÑáõÙ:
ÏáõÃÛáõÝ: fissure [΄fi∫ə] n ×»Õù, ×»Õùí³Íù:
firstling [΄fə:stliŋ] n (ϻݹ³Ýáõ) ³é³çÇÝ fist [fist] n μéáõÝóù. ËëÏó. Ó»éù. clench one’s
ÍÝáõݹ. ³é³çݳåïáõÕ. ÷Ëμ ³é³çÇÝ ~s μéáõÝóùÝ»ñÁ ë»ÕÙ»É. shake one’s ~s
³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñ: ëå³éÝ³É (μéáõÝóùáí). hit with a ~ μéáõÝó-
firstly [΄fə:stli] adv Ý³Ë ¨ ³é³ç, ݳË: ùáí Ë÷»É:
first-rate [‚fə:st΄reit] a ³é³çݳϳñ·, ·»- fistful [΄fistfl] a ÙÇ μéáõÝóù/μáõé:
ñ³½³Ýó: fistula [΄fistjulə] n μÅßÏ. ËáõÕ³Ï, ýÇëïáõɳ:
firth [fə:θ] n Íáí³Íáó, Íáí³Ëáñß. ·»ï³μ»- fit I [fit] n ѳٳå³ï³ë˳ݻÉÁ, ѳñÙ³ñ
ñ³Ý: ÉÇÝ»ÉÁ. Ýëï»ÉÁ (ѳ·áõëïÇ Ù³ëÇÝ) be a
fiscal [΄fiskl] a ·³ÝÓ³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ, ¹ñ³Ù³Ï³Ý, good/bad/loose ~ ɳí/í³ï/³½³ï Ýëï»É. a
ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý. ·³ÝÓ³ñ³ÝÇ (å»ï³Ï³Ý). tight ~ ë»ÕÙ»É, ÏÇå Ýëï»É. The shoes are a
~ authority ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý å³ßïáÝÛ³. ~ year good ~ ÎáßÇÏÝ»ñÁ É³í »Ý ÝëïáõÙ:
ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý ï³ñÇ. ~ penalties ѳñϳÛÇÝ fit II [fit] n Ýáå³, μéÝÏáõÙ, åáéÃÏáõÙ. ~ of
ïáõ·³ÝùÝ»ñ: rage ϳï³ÕáõÃÛ³Ý åáéÃÏáõÙ ~ of deep me-
fish [fi∫] n ÓáõÏ. fresh/frozen/smoked/salt(ed)/bad lancholy Ëáñ ٻɳٳÕÓáõÃÛ³Ý μéÝÏáõÙ. ~
~ óñÙ/ë³é»óñ³Í/³åËï³Í/³Õ³Í/÷ã³- of coughing/hysterics ѳ½Ç åáéÃÏáõÙ. ÑÇë-
ó³Í ÓáõÏ ~ market/shop ÓÏ³Ý ßáõϳ/˳ÝáõÃ. ï»ñÇϳÛÇ Ýáå³. a fainting ~ áõ߳ó÷áõ-
~ monger ÓÏݳí³×³é. ~ soup ÓÏݳåáõñ. ~ ÃÛáõÝ. by ~s and starts ÁݹѳïáõÙÝ»ñáí. a ~
bone ÓÏ³Ý ÷áõß. ~ pond ÓÏݳμáõͳñ³Ý. of energy »é³Ý¹Ç åáéÃÏáõÙ. a smoking/drink-
÷Ëμ. ÇÙ³ëïÝ»ñ neither ~ nor fowl áã ³Ûë ¿, ing ~ ÍË»Éáõ/ËÙ»Éáõ ó³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
áã ³ÛÝ. an odd ~ ï³ñûñÇÝ³Ï Ù³ñ¹. a ~ out of fit [fit] a åÇï³ÝÇ, ѳñÙ³ñ, ѳٳå³ï³ë-
water í³ï íÇ׳ÏáõÙ ~ story ³Ýѳí³ï³ÉÇ Ë³Ý. not ~ company áã ѳñÙ³ñ ßñç³å³ï.
å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ. poor ~ ³Ý׳ñ³Ï Ù³ñ¹: not ~ to eat áõï»Éáõ ѳñÙ³ñ ãÉÇÝ»É. not ~ to
fish [fi∫] v ÓáõÏ μéÝ»É/áñë³É. ~ in troubled wa- wear ѳ·Ý»Éáõ ѳٳñ ³ÝѳñÙ³ñ not ~ to
fit 327 fixture

rule the country ãϳñáÕ³Ý³É »ñÏÇñÁ ջϳ- áñáß»É. ~ a mirror/picture on the wall ѳۻÉÇÝ/
í³ñ»É. not ~ to be seen ³Û¹ ï»ëùáí ÝϳñÁ å³ïÇÝ ³Ùñ³óÝ»É. ~ one’s attention
³ÝѳñÙ³ñ. ~ for the military service ½ÇÝ- ÷Ëμ. áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ·³Ù»É. ~ in one’s me-
íáñ³Ï³Ý ͳé³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý åÇï³ÝÇ. be/feel ~ mory ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ïå³íáñí»É. Ùï³-
Ó¨Ç Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É. keep ~ Ó¨Á å³Ñå³Ý»É. not ~ å³Ñ»É. ~ one’s hopes on smb ÑáõÛë»ñ ¹Ý»É
for work Ç íÇ׳ÏÇ ãÉÇÝ»É ³ß˳ï»Éáõ. ~ for Ù»ÏÇ íñ³. (áñáß»É, Ý߳ݳϻÉ) ~ the day ûñÁ
nothing áã ÙÇ μ³ÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ åÇï³ÝÇ ãÉÇÝ»É. Ý߳ݳϻÉ. ~ the prices/the rent ·Ý»ñÁ/í³ñ-
~ and well ³éáõÛ· ¨ ³éáÕç: Ó³í׳ñÁ áñáß»É. ~ a salad/a breakfast /a meal
fit [fit] v ݳ˳å³ïñ³ëï»É. ~ oneself for the ³Õó³Ý/ݳ˳׳ß/áõï»ÉÇù å³ïñ³ëï»É.
new job Ýáñ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇÝ Ý³Ë³å³ï- (Ýáñá·»É) ~ the broken chair Ïáïñí³Í
ñ³ëïí»É. (ѳٳå³ï³ë˳ݻÉ, ѳÙÁÝÏ- ³ÃáéÁ Ýáñá·»É. have one’s car ~ed Ù»ù»Ý³Ý
Ý»É). The description ~s him ܳ ѳٳå³- í»ñ³Ýáñá·»É ï³É. ~ a coat í»ñ³ñÏáõÝ
ï³ë˳ÝáõÙ ¿ Ýϳñ³·ñáõÃÛ³ÝÁ. It ~s in Ù³ùñ»É/Ýáñá·»É. ~ up for the night ·Çß»ñÁ
with my plans ¸³ ѳÙÁÝÏÝáõÙ ¿ ÇÙ åɳÝÝ»- ûè³Ý ï³É. How are you ~ed for
ñÇ Ñ»ï. (íñ³Ûáí ÉÇÝ»É, ɳí Ýëï»É) The dress time/money?ijٳݳÏ/öáÕ áõÝ»±ë ~ smn
~s you well ²Ûë ½·»ëïÁ Ó»ñ íñ³Ûáí ¿. ѳËÇóÁ ·³É. ËëÏó. ϳñ·³íáñ»É ~ a fire
(÷áñÓ»É, ã³÷ë³÷áñÓ»É) The tailor ~ted my Ïñ³Ï ³Ý»É, ˳ñáõÛÏ í³é»É. ~ up the room
trousers ¸»ñÓ³ÏÁ ÷áñÓ»ó ÇÙ ï³μ³ïÁ. ë»ÝÛ³ÏÁ ϳñ·Ç μ»ñ»É. ~ the jury ³ï»Ý³-
(ï»Õ³íáñ»É, ÙáÝï³Å»É). ~ glass into a frame ϳÉÝ»ñÇÝ Ï³ß³é»É. ~ an election Ï»ÕÍ»É
³å³ÏÇÝ ßñç³Ý³ÏÇ Ù»ç ¹Ý»É/ï»Õ³íáñ»É. ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁ. ~ it up with
Can you ~ me in? γñá±Õ »ù ÇÝÓ ï»Õ³íáñ»É ݳËûñáù å³Ûٳݳíáñí»É:
(óáõó³ÏáõÙ, Ù»ù»Ý³ÛáõÙ ¨ ³ÛÝ) ~ a car with fixation [fik΄sei∫n] n ³ñӳݳ·ñáõÙ. ѳë-
a player Ù»ù»Ý³ÛÇ Ù»ç Ýí³·³ñÏÇã ï»Õ³¹- ï³ïáõÙ. Ëï³óáõÙ. ÉëÝÏ. 먻é³ÏáõÙ, ýÇù-
ñ»É. ~ out an office ·ñ³ë»ÝÛ³ÏÁ ϳѳíáñ»É. ëáõÙ:
The cupboard will ~ in here ä³Ñ³ñ³ÝÁ Ïï»- fixed [fikst] a ³Ýß³ñÅ, ³Ý÷á÷áË, ë³ÑÙ³Ý-
Õ³íáñíÇ ³Ûëï»Õ: í³Í, Ý߳ݳÏí³Í. ~ charge ϳÛáõÝ í׳ñ. ~
fitchew [΄fit∫u:] n ϻݹ. Ͻ³ùÇë: prices/income ϳÛáõÝ ·Ý»ñ /ß³ÑáõÛÃ. ~ period
fitful [΄fitfl] a åáéÃÏáõÝ, ó÷Áݹѳï: of time ë³ÑÙ³Ýí³Í ųٳݳϳÙÇçáó. ~
fitness [΄fitnəs] n åÇï³ÝÇáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳٳ- grin/stare ë³é³Í ÅåÇï/ѳ۳óù. 먻éáõÝ Ñ³-
å³ï³ë˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ýǽÇÏ³Ï³Ý å³ï- Û³óù. Çñ³í. ѳëï³ïáõÝ ~ assets/costs ѳë-
ñ³ëïí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ýÇÃÝ»ë: ï³ïáõÝ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ/ͳËë»ñ: ÑÙÏñ·. ~ -length
fit-out [΄fit‚aut] n ËëÏó. ѳٳ½·»ëï field ýÇùëí³Í »ñϳñáõÃÛ³Ùμ ¹³ßï. ~ point
ѳ·óÝ»ÉÁ. ѳݹ»ñÓáõÙ: calculation ýÇùëí³Í Ï»ïáí ѳßí³ñÏáõÙ. ~
fitter [΄fitə] n ï»Ë. ÷³Ï³Ý³·áñÍ, ٻ˳- point constant ýÇùëí³Í Ï»ïáí ѳëï³ïáõÝ.
ÝÇÏ, ѳí³ùáñ¹: ~ storage Ùßï³Ï³Ý ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝ:
fitting [΄fitiŋ] n ѳñÙ³ñ»óáõÙ, ѳñ¹³ñáõÙ. fixedly [΄fiksidli] adv ³ãù»ñÁ ѳé³Í/먻-
ë³ñù³íáñáõÙ, ѳí³ùáõÙ. ã³÷³÷áñÓáõÙ. é³Í:
~s ë³ñù³íáñáõÙ. electrical ~s ¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³Ý fixings [΄fiksiŋz] n pl ѳݹ»ñÓ³Ýù, åÇ-
ë³ñù³íáñáõÙ. office ~s ·ñ³ë»Ý۳ϳÛÇÝ ïáõÛù. ½³ñ¹, ½³ñ¹³ñ³Ýù. ËÑñ. ˳í³ñï£
åÇïáõÛùÝ»ñ: fixture [΄fikst∫ə] n ³Ýß³ñÅ ë³ñù³íáñáõÙ.
fitting [΄fitiŋ] a ѳñÙ³ñ, åÇï³ÝÇ, ѳٳ- Ùñ½. Ùñó³Ë³Õ. ~s and fittings Çñ³í. ³Ù-
å³ï³ë˳Ý. ~ room ݳ˳÷áñÓÙ³Ý ë»Ý- ñ³Ïóí³Í ¨ Ý»ñϳéáõó³Í ·áõÛù. Ùñ½. Ýß³-
Û³Ï. ~ shop ѳí³ùÙ³Ý ³ñÑ»ëï³Ýáó Is it ~ Ý³Ï³Í ûñ (ÙñóÙ³Ý). ~s for the season
that...? гñÙ³±ñ ¿, áñ..£ Ùñó³ßñç³ÝÇ Ë³Õ»ñÇ ûñ³óáõÛó. ÙǨÝáõÛÝ
five [faiv] num ÑÇÝ·, ÑÇÝ· Ãí³Ýß³ÝÁ£ å³ßïáÝáõÙ/ï»ÕáõÙ »ñϳñ ųٳݳÏ
fivefold [΄faivfəuld] a, adv ÑÝ·³å³ïÇÏ, ÙݳóáÕ ³ÝÓ, Ùßï³Ï³Ý ³Ý¹³Ù:
ÑÇÝ· ³Ý·³Ù: fizz [fiz] 1. n Ãßßáó, ýßßáó. 2. v Ãßß³É, ýßß³É.
fiver [΄faivə] n ËëÏó. ÑÝ·³Ýáó (ÃÕó¹ñ³Ù): ÷ñ÷ñ»É (·ÇÝÇÝ):
fix [fiks] v ³Ùñ³óÝ»É, åݹ³óÝ»É. ë³ÑٳݻÉ, fizzle [΄fizl] 1. n ûè ýßßáó. ÷Ëμ. ³Ýѳçá-
fizzy 328 flapdoodle

ÕáõÃÛáõÝ. 2. v ûè ýßß³É, Ãßß³É. ËëÏó.~ ÝÇóÛÇÝ Ññ»ï³Ýáõ Ïñ³Ï:


out ³ÝѳçáÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ í»ç³Ý³É. The party ~d flake [fleik] n ÷³ÃÇÉ, û÷ÇÏ. snow ~s ÓÛ³Ý
out ºñ»ÏáõÛÃÁ Ù³ñ»ó: ÷³ÃÇÉÝ»ñ. soap ~s û׳éÇ Ýñμ³ß»ñï. corn
fizzy [΄fizi] a ÷ñ÷ñáõÝ, ·³½³íáñí³Í: ~s »·Çåï³óáñ»ÝÇ ÓáÕÇÏÝ»ñ:
flabbergast [΄flæbəga:st] v ßßÙ»óÝ»É, ³å- flake [fleik] v (ݳ¨ flake off) ÷³ÃÇÉÝ»ñáí
ß»óÝ»É. be ~ed by the news ÝáñáõÃÛáõÝÇó ó÷í»É. ß»ñï³íáñí»É. û÷áïí»É:
óÝóí»É: flaky [΄fleiki] a ÷³ÃÇɳÝÙ³Ý, ÷³ÃÇɳӨ.
flabby [΄flæbi] a ÃáõÛÉ, ÃáñßáÙ³Í. Ãáõ- ß»ñï³íáñ, ûñóíáñ. ~ pastry ûñóíáñ
ɳÙáñÃ: ËÙáñ:
flag I [flæg] n ¹ñáß, ¹ñáß³Ï. carry/hold/hang flam [flæm] n Ùï³ó³ÍÇÝ/Ñݳñ³Í μ³Ý.
(out) a ~ ¹ñáßÁ Ïñ»É/μéÝ»É/ϳ˻É. ~ of truce, ëáõï:
ѳßïáõÃÛ³Ý ¹ñáß³Ï white ~ ëåÇï³Ï flame [fleim] n μáó, Ñáõñ, Ïñ³Ï. ÷Ëμ.
¹ñáß³Ï. black ~ ë¨/Íáí³Ñ»ÝÇ ¹ñáß³Ï. yel- »é³Ý¹, ÏÇñù. dazzling/steady/intense ~ ßɳ-
low ~ ¹»ÕÇÝ/ϳñ³ÝïÇÝÇ ¹ñáß. hoist one`s ~ óáõóÇã/ϳÛáõÝ/áõÅ·ÇÝ μáó/Ïñ³Ï. be in ~s
Ññ³Ù³Ý³ïÇñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ëï³ÝÓÝ»É. show the ³Ûñí»É, Ïñ³ÏÇ Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É, Ïñ³Ïáí μéÝÏí³Í
white ~ ëåÇï³Ï ¹ñáß å³ñ½»É. keep the ~ ÉÇÝ»É. go up in ~s ÙÇÝ㨠í»ñç ³Ûñí»É. ÷Ëμ.
flying ÷Ëμ. ¹ñáßÁ μ³ñÓñ å³Ñ»É, ëÇñá ³é³ñϳ an old ~ of his Ýñ³ ݳËÏÇÝ
ãѳÝÓÝí»É. lower one’s ~ ¹ñáßÁ Çç»ó- ëÇñá ³é³ñϳÝ:
Ý»É/ѳÝÓÝí»É/³ÝÓݳïáõñ ÉÇÝ»É. Hospital ~ flame [fleim] v μáó³í³éí»É, ÑáõñÑñ³ï»É.
γñÙÇñ ˳ãÇ ¹ñáß. ~of distress Çç»óñ³Í μéÝÏí»É. His cheeks ~d Üñ³ ³ãù»ñÁ μáó³-
¹ñáß (Ç Ýß³Ý ëáõ·Ç): í³éíáõÙ ¿ÇÝ. ~ with anger ½³ÛñáõÛÃÇó μáñ-
flag II [flæg] n ë³É, ë³É³ù³ñ: μáùí»É. break/burst into ~(s) μéÝÏí»É, μáó³-
flag I [flæg] v ë³É³ñÏ»É, ë³É³Ñ³ï³Ï»É: í³éí»É:
flag II [flæg] v ËáݳñÑí»É, ÃáõɳݳÉ, Ýí³- flaming [΄fleimiŋ] a ³ÛñíáÕ, μáó³í³éíáÕ.
Õ»É. ³½¹³Ýß³Ý ï³É. Conversation ~ged Ññ³í³é, μáó³·áõÛÝ. Ññ³ß»Ï. ~ colours í³é
¼ñáõÛóÁ ³Ý³ßËáõÛÅ Ó·íáõÙ ¿ñ: ·áõÛÝ»ñ. a ~ sunset Ññ³ß»Ï Ù³Ûñ³Ùáõï. a ~
flag-captain [΄flæg‚kæptin] n ¹ñá߳ݳíÇ/ row ÷Ëμ., ËëÏó. ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ ëϳݹ³É:
ýɳ·Ù³ÝÇ Ññ³Ù³Ý³ï³ñ: flan [flæn] n ϳñϳݹ³Ï:
flagellation [‚flædзə΄lei∫n] n Ùïñ³ÏáõÙ, flank [flæŋk] n ÏáÕ, ÏáÕÙ, ÏáÕù. é½Ù. è,
˳ñ³½³ÝáõÙ: ÏáÕÙ. turn the ~ è³Ýó»É, ßñç³Ýó»É. a ~ at-
flagging [΄flægiŋ] n ÃáõɳóáÕ, ïϳñ, Ýí³- tack é½Ù. ѳӳÏáõ٠èÇó:
ÕáõÝ: flannel [΄flænl] n ˳í³íáñ ·áñÍí³Íù,
flagman [΄flægmən] n ³½¹³Ýß³Ýáñ¹, ¹ñá- ýɳݻÉ. ~s ýɳݻɻ ѳ·áõëï/ëåÇï³Ï»-
߳ϳÏÇñ: Õ»Ý:
flagon [΄flægən] n ë³÷áñ. Ù»Í ï³÷³Ï ßÇß: flannelled [΄flænld] a ýɳݻɻ ½·»ëï ѳ-
flag-pole [΄flægpəul] n (ݳ¨ flagstaff) ¹ñá- ·³Í:
߳ϳÓáÕ, ¹ñá߳ϳ÷³Ûï: flap [flæp] n ûè ½³ñÏ/ѳñí³Í. ó÷³Ñ³-
flagrant [΄fleigrənt] a íñ¹áí»óáõóÇã, ³Õ³- ñáõÙ. get into a ~ ÷Ëμ., ËëÏó. Çñ³ñ ³ÝóÝ»É/
Õ³ÏáÕ. a ~ injustice ³Õ³Õ³ÏáÕ ³Ý³ñ¹³- ˳éÝí»É. a ~ at home Çñ³ñ³ÝóáõÙ ï³ÝÁ.
ñáõÃÛáõÝ: (ϳ÷áõÛñ) ~ of a pocket/envelope ·ñå³ÝÇ
flagship [΄flæg∫ip] n Ññ³Ù³Ý³ï³ñÇ/ýɳ·- /Íñ³ÛñÇ Ï³÷áõÛñ. a table with a folding ~
Ù³ÝÇ Ý³í: ͳÉáíÇ ³é³ÝÓݳï³Ëï³Ïáí ë»Õ³Ý:
flag-station [΄flæg‚stei∫n] n ·Ý³óùÇ Ï³Ý·- flap [flæp] v ó÷³Ñ³ñ»É. ËëÏó. Çñ³ñ ³Ýó-
Ý»ÉÁ å³Ñ³Ýçáí: Ý»É, Ñáõ½í»É. ~ the wings è»ñÁ ó÷³Ñ³-
flagstone [΄flægstəun] n ë³É³ù³ñ: ñ»É. The sails were ~ping ²é³·³ëïÝ»ñÁ
flair [fleə] n Ñáï³éáõÃÛáõÝ. ѳÏáõÙ, ë»ñ. Í÷áõÙ ¿ÇÝ. The flags were ~ping ¸ñáßÝ»ñÁ
have a ~ for languages É»½íÇ ½·³óáÕáõÃÛáõÝ Í³Í³ÝíáõÙ ¿ÇÝ:
áõݻݳÉ: flapdoodle [΄flæp‚du:dl] n ËëÏó. ÑÇÙ³ñáõ-
flak [flæk] n ½»ÝÇóÛÇÝ Ññ»ï³ÝÇ. ½»- ÃÛáõÝ, ¹³ï³ñÏ μ³Ý:
flap-eared 329 flavouring

flap-eared [΄flæpiəd] a ϳ˳ϳÝç: ÁÝÏÝ»É/÷éí»É. The beer is ~ ¶³ñ»çáõñÁ áñ³-


flapjack [΄flæpdзæk] n μÉÇÃ, ÛáõÕ³μÉÇÃ: ÏÁ Ïáñóñ»É ¿/·³½Á ·Ý³ó»É ¿. (ÏïñáõÏ, μ³-
flapper [΄flæpə] n í³ÛñÇ μ³¹ÇÏ. ϳù³íÇ ó³Ñ³Ûï) a ~ refusal ÏïñáõÏ Ù»ñÅáõÙ. That’s
Ó³·. ÷Ëμ. ¹»é³Ñ³ë ³ÕçÇÏ: ~ ¸³ í»ñçÝ³Ï³Ý ¿. sing ~ ý³Éß »ñ·»É£
flare [fleə] 1. n ÷³Ûɳï³ÏáõÙ, μáóÇ flat-boat [΄flætbəut] n ѳñóѳï³Ï ݳ-
μéÝÏáõÙ. Éáõë³½¹³Ýß³Ý. Éáõë³íáñÙ³Ý í³Ï:
ÑñÃÇé. 2. v μáó³í³éí»É. ÷³Ûɳï³Ï»É. flatbottomed [‚flæt΄bɒtəmd] a ѳñóѳ-
÷Ëμ. ï³ù³Ý³É. μáñμáùí»É: ï³Ï, ѳñóÑáõÝ£
flare-up [΄fleərΛp] n ϳñ׳ï¨, ÷³ÛÉáõÝ flat-car [΄flætka:] n μ³ó í³·áÝ:
ѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ³ÕÙϳÉÇ ÏéÇí/áõñ³Ëáõ- flat-footed [‚flæt΄futid] 1.a ï³÷³Ï³Ã³Ã.
ÃÛáõÝ: ѳñóóã 2. adv í×é³Ï³Ý, ÏïñáõÏ.
flaring [΄fleəriŋ] a ³Õ³Õ³ÏáÕ, ³Ý׳߳Ï. flat iron [΄flæt‚aiən] n ³ñ¹áõÏ. ß»ñï³íáñ
ßɳóáõóÇã: »ñϳÃ:
flash [flæ∫] n μéÝÏáõÙ, ÷³ÛÉ. in a ~ ÙÇ ³ÏÝ- flatly [΄flætli] adv ÏïñáõÏ Ï»ñåáí, í×é³Ï³-
óñÃáõÙ. ~ of lightning ϳÛͳÏÇ ÷³Ûɳï³- Ýáñ»Ý. deny ~ Ïïñ³Ï³Ý³å»ë ÅËï»É:
ÏáõÙ. ~ of hope/anger/indignation ÑáõÛëÇ flatness [΄flætnəs] n ѳñÃáõÃÛáõÝ, ï³÷³-
ÝßáõÛÉ. ½³ÛñáõÛÃÇ/íñ¹áíÙáõÝùÇ åáéÃÏáõÙ. ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ³Ý׳߳ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. Ó³ÝÓñáõÛÃ.
(³Ù÷á÷³·Çñ) a news ~ ÝáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ í×é³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
³Ù÷á÷³·Çñ. a ~ of wit ÷Ëμ. ëñ³Ùïáõ- flatten [΄flætn] v ï³÷³Ï»óÝ»É, ѳñûóÝ»É.
ÃÛ³Ý ÷³Ûɳï³ÏáõÙ: áõÕÕ»É, ßïÏ»É. ~ a road ׳ݳå³ñÑÁ ѳñ-
flash [flæ∫] v μéÝÏí»É, μáñμáùí»É. ÷³Ûɳ- ûóÝ»É. ~ed by the bombing ·»ïÝÇÝ Ñ³í³-
ï³Ï»É. Her eyes ~ed Üñ³ ³ãù»ñÁ ÷³ÛÉ»- ë³ñí³Í éÙμ³ÏáÍáõÃÛ³Ý å³ï׳éáí:
óÇÝ. A light ~ed in the darkness ØÃáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç flatter [΄flætə] v ßáÕáùáñûÉ, ùÍÝ»É. ÷³é³-
ÉáõÛë ÷³Ûɳï³Ï»ó. (³ñ³·áõÃÛ³Ùμ ³Ýó- μ³Ý»É, ·áí»É. ѳ×áõÛù å³ï׳é»É. ~ smb’s
Ý»É) A car ~ed by Ø»ù»Ý³Ý ëɳó³í Ù»ñ ÏáÕ- vanity Ù»ÏÇ ÷³é³ëÇñáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ѳ×áõÛù
ùáí. An idea ~ed ØÇ ÙÇïù ÷³Ûɳï³Ï»ó: å³ï׳é»É. be ~ed by ßáÛí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. ~ one-
flashback [΄flæ∫bæk] n (ÏÇÝá) ѻﳹ³ñÓ self ÇÝùÝ Çñ»Ý ·áí³μ³Ý»É:
ϳ¹ñ: flatterer [΄flætərə] n ßáÕáùáñÃ. ùÍÝáÕ
flash light [΄flæ∫lait] n ÉëÝÏ. Ù³·ÝÇëÇ Ù³ñ¹:
μéÝÏáõÙ. ·ñå³ÝÇ ¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³Ý ɳåï»ñ: flattery [΄flætəri] n ßáÕáùáñÃáõÃÛáõÝ, ·áí³-
flashy [΄flæ∫i] a ¿Å³Ý³·ÇÝ, óáõó³Ï³Ý, ë³Ýù. make up to smb by ~ ÷áñÓ»É Ù»ÏÇ Ñ»ï
³Õ³Õ³ÏáÕ. ~ colours ³Õ³Õ³ÏáÕ ·áõÛÝ»ñ. ßáÕáùáñûÉáí Ùáï»Ý³É:
~ shirt å×ݳÙáÉÇ/óáõó³ÙáÉ³Ï³Ý í»ñݳ߳- flattop [΄flættɒp] n ËëÏó. ³ídzÏÇñ, ë³-
åÇÏ: í³éݳϳÏÇñ ݳí:
flask [fla:sk] n ï³÷³ßÇß, ÏáÉμ³. vacuum ~ flatways [΄flætweiz], flatwise [΄flætwaiz]
ûñÙáë: adv ï³÷³Ï »ñ»ëáí, ѳñà ÏáÕÙáí:
flat I [flæt] n μݳϳñ³Ý: flaunt [flɔ:nt] v ͳͳÝí»É (¹ñáßÁ). Ç óáõÛó
flat II [flæt] n ѳñÃáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳñà ٳϻñ»ë. ¹Ý»É. ~ one’s riches/liaison Ç óáõÛó ¹Ý»É Çñ
»ñÅß. μ»ÙáÉ. the ~ of the hand Ó»éùÇ ³÷. a ~ ѳñëïáõÃÛáõÝÁ/ϳå»ñÁ:
ËëÏó. ³Ýí³¹áÕÇ Í³ÏáõÙ: flautist [΄flɔ:tist] n ýÉ»Ûï³Ñ³ñ:
flat [flæt] a ѳñÃ, ï³÷³Ï. a ~ surface ѳñà flavour [΄fleivə] 1. n ѳ׻ÉÇ Ñ³Ù/Ñáï. μáõñ-
ٳϻñ»ë. ~ serve Ùñ½., ûÝÇë ѳñà ÙáõÝù, μáõÛñ. ÏáÕÙݳÏÇ Ñ³Ù. ÷Ëμ. »ñ³Ý·,
ëϽμݳѳñí³Í. ~ plate »ñ»ë/áã Ëáñ ³÷ë». ï³ññ. The dish has a lot of/plenty ~ ֳ߳ï»-
~ shoes ï³÷³Ï/³ÝÏñáõÝÏ ÏáßÇÏ. ~ tyre û¹Á ë³ÏÁ ß³ï Ñ³Ù»Õ ¿. has no ~ Ñ³Ù»Õ ã¿. a
μ³ó ÃáÕ³Í ³Ýí³¹áÕ. ~ feet ѳñó- strong ~ of cheese å³ÝñÇ áõÅ»Õ μáõñÙáõÝù/
óÃáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ rate ϳÛáõÝ ë³Ï³·ÇÝ. buy at »ñ³Ý·. various ~s of ice-cream å³Õå³Õ³-
a ~ rate ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã ÝáõÛÝ ·Ýáí ·Ý»É. ~ market ÏÇ ï³ñμ»ñ ï»ë³ÏÝ»ñ. a ~ of irony Ñ»·Ý³-
“Ù»é³Í” ßáõϳ. The battery is ~ سñïÏáóÁ Ï³Ý »ñ³Ý·: 2. v ѳٻٻÉ, ѳ٠ï³É:
Ýëï»É ¿. fall/lie ~ μ»ñ³ÝùëÇí³Ûñ/Ù»çùÇ íñ³ flavouring [΄fleivəriŋ] n ѳٻÙáõÝù:
flavourless 330 flight

flavourless [΄fleivələs] a ³ÝѳÙ, ³ÝÑáï: fleeting [΄fli:tiŋ] a í³Õ³ÝóÇÏ, ÃéáõóÇÏ:


flaw I [flɔ:] n ³ñ³ï, ûñáõÃÛáõÝ. Ëáï³Ý, fleetness [΄fli:tnəs] n ³ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝ, ³ñ³·³-
μÇÍ. a ~ in the document ëË³É ÷³ëï³- ß³ñÅáõÃÛáõÝ, ëñÁÝóóáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÃÕÃáõÙ. ~ of character ÷Ëμ. μݳíáñáõÃÛ³Ý flesh [fle∫] n Ù³ñÙÇÝ, ÙÇë. (one’s own) ~ and
ûñáõÃÛáõÝ: blood ë»÷³Ï³Ý/ÙÇëÝ áõ ³ñÛáõÝÁ. ѳñ³-
flaw II [flɔ:] n ù³Ùáõ ѳÝϳñÍ³Ï³Ý åáéÃ- ½³ï. ~ wound ÙϳݳÛÇÝ/ٳϻñ»ë³ÛÇÝ
ÏáõÙ. Íáí. ÷áÃáñÇÏ: í»ñù. in ~ ·»ñ, ã³Õ. in the ~ (ϻݹ³ÝÇ,
flawed [΄flɔ:d] a Ëáï³Ý. ~ goods Ëáï³Ý- Ù³ñÙݳíáñí³Í) ³ÝÓ³Ùμ. lose/put on ~
í³Í ³åñ³Ýù: ÝÇѳñ»É, ·Çñ³Ý³É. make one’s ~ creep (ëïÇ-
flawless [΄flɔ:ləs] a ³ÝûñÇ. speak ~ French å»É) Ù³ñÙÝáí ë³ñëáõé ³ÝóÝ»É:
³ÝûñÇ ýñ³Ýë»ñ»Ý Ëáë»É: fleshings [΄fle∫iŋz] n pl Ù³ñÙݳ·áõÛÝ ë»ÕÙÇ-
flax [flæks] n íáõß, Ïï³í³ï, Ïï³í, ù³- ñ³Ý. Ù³ñ½³Ï³Ý/óï»ñ³Ï³Ý ѳ·áõëï:
óÝ: fleshly [΄fle∫li] a Ù³ñÙݳϳÝ, ½·³Û³Ï³Ý.
flaxen [΄flæksn] a íáõß», íáõßÇ. ~ hair μ³ó ³ß˳ñÑÇÏ, ÝÛáõóϳÝ:
¹»ÕÇÝ ·áõÛÝÇ Ù³½»ñ: fleshy [΄fle∫i] a Ùëáï, Ùë»Õ:
flax-seed [΄flækssi:d] n Ïï³í³ïÇ ë»ñÙ: flex [fleks]1. n ¿É. ¹Ûáõñ³Ã»ù ¿É»Ïïñ³É³ñ. 2.
flaxy [΄flæksi] a íáõßÇ, íáõß». íáõß³ÝÙ³Ý: v Ïáñ³óÝ»É, Íé»É:
flay [flei] v ϳßÇÝ Ñ³Ý»É, Ù³ßÏ»É/ù»ñûÉ. flexibility [‚fleksi΄biləti] n ×ÏáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ,
÷Ëμ. ËÇëï ùÝݳ¹³ï»É. ßáñûÉ, åÉáÏ»É: ÷Ëμ. ½ÇçáճϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
flea [fli:] n Éáõ. ~ bite ÉíÇ ÏÍ»ÉÁ. ÷Ëμ. ãÝãÇÝ flexible [΄fleksəbl] a ×ÏáõÝ, ¹Ûáõñ³Ã»ù. ÷Ëμ.
³Ý³ËáñÅáõÃÛáõÝ. lose 1000 dol is a mere ~ to ½ÇçáÕ, ï»ÕÇ ïíáÕ. ~ policy ×ÏáõÝ ù³Õ³-
him 1000 ¹áɳñÇ ÏáñáõëïÁ Ýñ³ ѳٳñ ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
áãÇÝã μ³Ý ¿: flexion [΄flek∫n] n ͳÉáõÙ, Ïáñ³óáõÙ. ù»ñ.
fleck [flek] n åáõïÇÏ, μÍÇÏ. a ~ of dust ÷áßáõ ûùáõÙ:
ѳïÇÏ. ~s of sunlight ³ñ¨Ç óáÉù: flick [flik] n ûè ½³ñÏ. a ~ of the fingers
flecker [΄flekə] v ͳÍÏ»É (μÍ»ñáí ¨ ³ÛÉÝ): Ù³ïݳ½³ñÏ. with a ~ of the paper ÃáõÕÃÁ
flecked [΄flekt] a åáõï³íáñ. grey cloth ~ with ûè³ÏÇ Ë÷»Éáí. go to the ~s ËëÏó. ÏÇÝá
red ϳñÙÇñ åáõïÇÏÝ»ñáí ÙáËñ³·áõÛÝ ·Ý³É:
·áñÍí³Íù. hair ~ with grey ³É»Ë³éÝ Ù³- flick [flik] v ó÷ ï³É, ó÷³Ñ³ñ»É, Ù³ù-
½»ñ: ñ»É. ~ ash off a cigarette Í˳ËáïÇ ÙáËÇñÁ
fledge [fledз] v ÷»ïñ³íáñ»É, ÷»ïñ³½³ñ- Ãáó÷»É. ~ crumbs off a table ë»Õ³ÝÇ
¹»É. Ó³·»ñ ٻͳóÝ»É: íñ³ÛÇó ÷ßñ³ÝùÝ»ñÁ Ù³ùñ»É. ~ over the
fledged [fledзd] a ѳëáõݳó³Í, áïùÇ pages of the book ·ñùÇ ¿ç»ñÁ ûñÃ»É (³Ýóá-
ϳݷݳÍ: Õ³ÏÇ Ï³ñ¹³É):
fledg(e)ling [΄fledзliŋ] n Ýáñ³÷»ïáõñ flicker [΄flikə] n ³éϳÛÍáõÙ, »ñ»ñáõÙ. ÷Ëμ.
ÃéãݳÏ. ÷Ëμ. ³Ý÷áñÓ å³ï³ÝÇ: ÝßáõÛÉ. a ~ of hope ÑáõÛëÇ ÝßáõÛÉ. a ~ of a smile
flee [fli:] v ÷³Ëã»É, ÷³ËáõëïÇ ¹ÇÙ»É. Ëáõ- ÅåÇïÇ ëïí»ñ/ÝßáõÛÉ. without the ~ of an eye-
ë³÷»É, ËáõÛë ï³É. ~ the country »ñÏñÇó lid ³é³Ýó ³ãùÁ óñûÉáõ:
÷³Ëã»É: flicker [΄flikə] v ³éϳÛÍ»É, ï³ï³Ýí»É, ßáÕ-
fleece [fli:s] n áã˳ñÇ μáõñ¹, ·»ÕÙ£ ßáÕ³É. The candle ~ed and went off ØáÙÝ ³é-
fleece [fli:s] v áã˳ñÁ Ëáõ½»É. ÷Ëμ. åÉáÏ»É, ϳÛÍ»ó ¨ Ñ³Ý·³í. The needle ~ed between 5-
ßáñûÉ: 6 òáõóÇãÁ ï³ï³ÝíáõÙ ¿ñ 5-Ç ¨ 6-Ç ÙÇç¨:
fleecy [΄fli:si] a μñ¹áï, Ù³½áï. ·³Ý·áõñ: flier [΄flaiə] n û¹³ãáõ. ÃéãáõÝ. ÃéãáÕ ÙÇç³ï.
fleet [fli:t] n ݳí³ïáñÙ. the F ~ é³½Ù³Íá- í³ñ·³ÓÇ:
í³ÛÇÝ Ý³í³ïáñÙÇÕ. mercantile/air /subma- flight [flait] n ÃéÇãù. the ~ of a bird/bee/bul-
rine ~ ³é¨ïñ³Ï³Ý/û¹³ÛÇÝ/ëïáñçñÛ³ ݳ- let/an arrow ÃéãáõÝÇ/Ù»ÕíÇ/·Ý¹³ÏÇ/Ý»ïÇ
í³ïáñÙ: ÃéÇãù. shoot a bird in a ~ ÃéãáÕ ÃéãÝÇ íñ³
fleet [fli:t] a ³ñ³·³ß³ñÅ, ëñÁÝóó: Ïñ³Ï»É. ~ path ÃéÇãùÇ Ñ»ï³·ÇÍ. (ãáõ) a ~ of
fleet [fli:t] n ·»ï³Ï: birds/insects ÃéãáõÝÝ»ñÇ »ñ³Ù. ÙÇç³ïÝ»ñÇ
flighty 331 flood

å³ñë/ ÑáõÛÉ. the first ~ of swallows ÍÇÍ»é- float [fləut] v ÉáÕ³É. ~ logs ³Ýï³é³÷³Ûï
ݳÏÝ»ñÇ ³é³çÇÝ ãáõÝ. (ãí»ñÃ) charter ~ ɳëï³é³ù»É. The boat ~ed down the river
í³ñÓáõÛóÛÇÝ ãí»ñÃ. non-stop ~ ³Ýí³Ûñ¿çù ܳí³ÏÁ ÉáÕáõÙ ¿ñ ·»ïÝ Ç í³Ûñ. A spot of
ãí»ñÃ. home ~ ѻﳹ³ñÓ ãí»ñÃ/ÃéÇãù. ~ the oil ~ed in the water ÚáõÕÇ Ï³ÃÇÉ ¿ñ ÉáÕáõÙ
ãí»ñà ѳٳñ 10. passengers for ~ ѳٳñ çñÇ Ù»ç. Clouds were ~ing ÷Ëμ. ²Ùå»ñÁ Éá-
10 ãí»ñÃÇ áõÕ¨áñÝ»ñ. a ~ of stairs ë³Ý¹- ÕáõÙ ¿ÇÝ. ýÇÝ. ~ a loan í³ñÏÁ ï»Õ³¹ñ»É. ~
Õ³μ³ÅÇÝ. ѳñϳμ³ÅÇÝ. The flat is the dollar ÙïóÝ»É ¹áɳñÇ ï³ï³ÝíáÕ Ïáõñë:
two ~s up ´Ý³Ï³ñ³ÝÁ »ñÏáõ ë³Ý¹Õ³- float-board [΄fləutbɔ:d] n óïñ. μ»Ù»½ñ,
μ³ÅÇÝ í»ñ¨ ¿. (÷³Ëáõëï) take to ~ μ»Ù³÷:
÷³ËáõëïÇ ¹ÇÙ»É put to ~ ÷³ËáõëïÇ floating [΄fləutiŋ] a ÉáÕ³óáÕ, ÉáÕáõÝ. ÁÝó-
Ù³ïÝ»É. the ~ of capital ÷Ëμ., ïÝï. ϳåÇ- óÇÏ. ~ cargo ÷á˳¹ñ»ÉÇ Ý³í³μ»é. ÷Ëμ.
ï³ÉÇ ³ñï³Ñáëù: ÷á÷á˳ϳÝ, ÑáëáõÝ. the ~ population
flighty [΄flaiti] a ûè³ÙÇï, ÷á÷á˳ÙÇï: μݳÏãáõÃÛ³Ý ÑáëáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ capital ßñç³-
flimsy [΄flimzi] a μ³ñ³Ï. ˳Ëáõï, ³Ýϳ- ݳéáõ ϳåÇï³É. ~ charge Çñ³í. ÷á÷á-
ÛáõÝ. ³ÝÑÇÙÝ, ٳϻñ»ë³ÛÇÝ. a ~ excuse
ËáõÝ å³Ñ³Ýç. ÑÙÏñ·. point calculation
÷Ëμ. ³ÝÑÇÙÝ/ϳëϳͻÉÇ å³ïñí³Ï:
ë³ÑáÕ Ï»ïáí ѳßí³ñÏáõÙ. ~ point data
flinch [flint∫] v »ñ»ñ³É, óÝóí»É. í»ñ Ãéã»É. ë³ÑáÕ Ï»ïáí ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ. ~ point notation
without ~ing ³é³Ýó »ñ»ñ³Éáõ. (ËáõÛë ï³É)
ë³ÑáÕ Ï»ïáí ·ñ³éáõÙ. ~ tool bar ·áñ-
~ from smth áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇó ËáõÛë ï³É:
ÍÇùÝ»ñÇ ß³ñÅíáÕ í³Ñ³Ý³Ï:
fling [fliŋ] n Ý»ïáõÙ, ÏïñáõÏ ß³ñÅáõÙ. have floaty [΄fləuti] a ÉáÕáõÝ, ûè:
a ~ of smb ÷Ëμ. í³ï³μ³Ý»É, ͳÕñ»É.
(åáéÃÏáõÙ) in full ~ »éáõÝ ßñç³ÝáõÙ:
flock [flɒk] n Ñáï (Ù³Ýñ »Õç»ñ³íáñ ³Ý³-
ëáõÝ). »ñ³Ù. ËáõÙμ, ³ÙμáË. come in ~s
fling [fliŋ] v Ý»ï»É, ßåñï»É. ~ a stone at ù³ñ
ËÙμ»ñáí/³ÙμáËÝ»ñáí ·³É:
Ý»ï»É (íñ³). ~ oneself into a chair μ³½Ï³Ãá-
éÇ Ù»ç Ý»ïí»É. ~ one’s arms round smb’s neck
flock [flɒk] v ѳí³ùí»É, ËéÝí»É, ³ÙμáËí»É.
Ù»ÏÇ í½áíÝ ÁÝÏÝ»É/í½ÇÝ ÷³Ã³Ãí»É. ~ one- ~ roumd smn Ù»ÏÇ ßáõñçÁ ËÙμí»É. ~ to the ex-
self on smb’s mercy Ù»ÏÇ áÕáñÙáõÃÛ³ÝÁ hibition ½³Ý·í³Íáñ»Ý ³Ûó»É»É óáõó³Ñ³Ý-
ѳÝÓÝí»É. ~ on one’s clothes ßáñ»ñÁ íñ³Ý ¹»ëÁ:
·ó»É. ~ open a door ¹áõéÁ ɳÛÝ μ³ó ³Ý»É. ~ up floe [fləu] n (ݳ¨ ice-flow) ÉáÕ³óáÕ ë³éó³-
one’s heels ÷Ëμ. ÏñáõÝÏÝ»ñÁ óáõÛó ï³É, ÍÉÏ»É. ·áõݹ:
~ out of the room ë»ÝÛ³ÏÇó ¹áõñë Ý»ïí»É: flog [flɒg] v Ùïñ³Ï»É, ˳ñ³½³Ý»É, ͻͻÉ.
flint [flint] n ϳÛÍù³ñ. skin a ~ Åɳï ÉÇÝ»É: ~ into ·ÉáõËÁ ÙïóÝ»É. (ͻͻÉáí) ëáíáñ»ó-
flinty [΄flinti] a ϳÛÍù³ñÇ. ÷Ëμ. ¹³Å³Ý, Ý»É:
³Ý·áõÃ: flogging [΄flɒgiŋ] n Í»Í, Ù³ñÙÝ³Ï³Ý å³-
flip [flip] n Ù³ïݳ½³ñÏ. Ùïñ³ÏÇ Ã»Ã¨ ïÇÅ:
ѳñí³Í: flood [flΛd] n ѻջÕ, çñѻջÕ. the F~
flippancy [΄flipənsi] n ûè³ÙïáõÃÛáõÝ. ³Ý- ³ëïíÍß. гٳß˳ñѳÛÇÝ çñѻջÕ. (·»-
ѳñ·³ÉÇñáõÃÛáõÝ. ß³Õ³Ïñ³ï³Ýù: ïÇ) í³ñ³ñáõÙ, Ñáñ¹³óáõÙ. ~s of rain
flippant [΄flipənt] a ûè³ÙÇï. ³Ýѳñ·³- ³ÝÓñ¨Ç ï³ñ³÷. ~s of tears ÷Ëμ. ³ñ-
ÉÇó. ß³Õ³Ïñ³ï: óáõÝùÝ»ñÇ Ñ»Õ»Õ. The river is in ~ ¶»ïÁ
flipper [΄flipə] n Éáճè, ÉáճóճÝÃ: í³ñ³ñ»É ¿. a ~ in the bathroom Ñ»Õ»Õ ÉáÕ³-
flirt [flə:t] n åãñáõÑÇ, ÏáÏ»ïáõÑÇ. ËëÏó. ë»ÝÛ³ÏáõÙ. ~ tide Ù³ÏÁÝóóáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ in-
»ñÏñå³·áõ, ëÇñ³Ñ»ïáÕ (ïÕ³Ù³ñ¹): surence ³å³Ñáí³·ñáõ٠ѻջÕÇó:
flirt [flə:t] v Ïáïñ³ïí»É, ëÇñ³Ë³Õ ³Ý»É: flood [flΛd] v áÕáÕ»É, ѻջջÉ. Ñáñ¹»É,
flirtation [flə:΄tei∫n] n ëÇñ³Ë³Õ, ýÉÇñï: ó÷í»É. be ~ed out ѻջÕÇ å³ï׳éáí
flit [flit] v ׳Ëñ»É, Ãéã»É. A smile ~ted across μݳϳï»ÕÁ ÃáÕÝ»É. ~ the market with goods
her face Üñ³ ¹»Ùùáí ÙÇ Ã»Ã¨ ÅåÇï ³Ýó³í: ÷Ëμ. ßáõÏ³Ý ³åñ³Ýùáí ѻջջÉ. ~ with
float [fləut] n ÉáÕ³Ý. ϳñóËó³ÝÇÏ. Íáí. light ÉáõÛëáí ѻջջÉ. be ~ed with questions
˳ñë˳íáñ ÉáÕ³Ý. ÉáÕ³óáÕ ë³éó³- ѳñó»ñÇ ï³ñ³÷áí áÕáÕí»É. Applications
ÏáõÛï. ɳëï³Ý³í: are ~ing in ¸ÇÙáõÙÝ»ñÁ Ý»ñÑáëáõÙ »Ý:
flood-gate 332 flowery

flood-gate [΄flΛdgeit] n ë³Ñ³Ý³¹áõé, ë³- flounder [΄flaundə] n Ù³Ýñ ï³÷³Ï³ÓáõÏ:


ѳݳ÷³Ï: flounder [΄flaundə] v Ãåñï³É(çñáõÙ) ë³Û-
flooding [΄flΛdiŋ] n ѻջÕáõÙ, çñ³Í³ÍÏáõÙ, óù»É. ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ ù³ÛÉ»É. ~ through
Ëáñï³ÏáõÙ: deep snow ËáñÁ ÓÛ³Ý ÙÇçáí ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ
floodlight [΄flΛdlait] n Éáõë³ñÓ³Ï. Éáõë³ñ- ù³ÛÉ»É:
Ó³Ïáí Éáõë³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ: flour [΄flauə] n ³ÉÛáõñ. ÷áßÇ, ÷áßdzóñ³Í
floor [flɔ:] n ѳï³Ï. stone/cement/earth/ ÝÛáõÃ. white/rye/wheat/potato ~ ëåÇï³Ï/ï³-
painted ~ ù³ñ»/ó»Ù»Ýï»/ÑáÕ»/Ý»ñÏ³Í Ñ³- ñ»Ï³ÝÇ/óáñ»ÝÇ/ϳñïáýÇÉÇ ³ÉÛáõñ. good
ï³Ï. parquet(ed) ~ Ù³Ýñ³ï³Ëï³Ï ѳ- brand of ~ ɳí ï»ë³ÏÇ ³ÉÛáõñ:
ï³Ï. lay a ~ ѳï³Ï ·ó»É. (ѳñÏ) the ground/ flouring-mill [΄flauəriŋ‚mil] n ³Ù. ³Éñ³-
first/second/top ~ ³é³çÇÝ/»ñÏñáñ¹/ »ññáñ¹/ Õ³ó:
í»ñÇÝ Ñ³ñÏ. the sea ~ ÍáíÇ Ñ³ï³ÏÁ. (»ÉáõÛà flourish [΄flΛri∫] 1. n ó÷³Ñ³ñáõÙ. å³-
áõݻݳÉÁ) take the ~ »ÉáõÛà áõݻݳÉ. ask for ñáõñ³½³ñ¹. »ñÅß. ïáõß, ѳݹÇë³Ýí³·. in
the ~ Ó³ÛÝ Ëݹñ»É. give the ~ Ó³ÛÝ ï³É. full ~ μáõéÝ Í³ÕÏÙ³Ý ßñç³ÝáõÙ. 2. v ~ the
speak from the ~ ï»ÕÇó Ëáë»É. ~ polisher ѳ- sword ¹³ßáõÛÝÁ ó÷³Ñ³ñ»É. Business is
ï³Ï Ù³ùñáÕ. ~ board ѳï³ÏÇ ï³Ëï³Ï: ~ing ´Ç½Ý»ëÁ μ³ñ·³í³×áõÙ ¿:
floor [flɔ:] v ѳï³Ï»É, ѳï³Ï ·ó»É. ·»ïÇÝ flourmill [΄flauəmil] n ³Éñ³Õ³ó:
·ó»É, ѳÕûÉ. ~ a house ï³Ý ѳï³ÏÁ ·ó»É. floury [΄flauəri] a ³Éñáï. My hands are all ~
~ smb ÷Ëμ., ËëÏó. ß÷áûóÝ»É, Éé»óÝ»É. be Ò»éù»ñë ³Éñáï »Ý. a ~ potato ÷ËñáõÝ
~ed by the question ѳñó»ñáí Ñá·ÇÝ Ñ³Ý»É: ϳñïáýÇÉ:
floor-cloth [΄flɔ:klɒθ] n áõջɳÃ, áõÕ»·áñ·: flout [flaut]1. n ͳÕñ, ³ñѳٳñѳÝù. 2. v
flooring [΄flɔ:riŋ] n ѳï³ÏÇ íñ³ù³ß. ͳÕñ»É, ³ñѳٳñÑ»É. ~ the conventions
ѳï³Ï: ³ñѳٳñÑ»É å³ÛٳݳϳÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ:
flop [flɒp] n ßñååáó, ßååáó. ³åï³Ï. ³Ý- flow [fləu] n Ñáë³Ýù, ÁÝóóù. ßÇÃ. Ñáñ¹áõÙ,
ѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, Ó³ËáÕáõÙ. The play was a
½»ÕáõÙ. ebb and ~ ï»Õ³ïíáõÃÛáõÝ ¨ Ù³Ï-
total ~ ËëÏó. Ü»ñϳ۳óáõÙÁ ÉñÇí Ó³ËáÕ-
ÁÝóóáõÃÛáõÝ. traffic ~ »ñè»ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~
í»ó£
of words μ³é»ñÇ Ñáëù. a steady ~ ³ÝÁݹѳï
flop [flɒp] v (ݳ¨ flop down) ßåå³óÝ»É. Ñáë³Ýù. ~ of spirits Ï»Ýëáõñ³ËáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ of
³åï³Ï»É. í³Ûñ ÁÝÏÝ»É. ³ÝѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ
information ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛ³Ý Ñáëù:
Ïñ»É:
flop-house [΄flɒphaus] n ³Ù. ·Çß»ñûè³Ý: flow [fləu] v Ñáë»É. water began to ~ çáõñÁ
ëÏë»ó Ñáë»É. Money ~ed in ÷Ëμ. öáÕÁ Ñá-
floppy [΄flɒpi] a ×á×íáÕ, ¹³Ý¹³ÕÏáï.
ëáõÙ ¿ñ. People ~ed in/out of the hall سñ¹-
³Ý÷áõÛà (á×):
ϳÛÇÝ Ñáë³ÝùÁ ÉóíáõÙ ¿ñ/Ñ»é³ÝáõÙ ¿ñ
flora [΄flɔ:rə] n μáõë³Ï³Ý ³ß˳ñÑ, ýÉáñ³:
¹³ÑÉÇ×Çó. Tears ~ed from her eyes Üñ³
floral [΄flɔ:rəl] a ͳÕÏÇ, ͳÕϳíáñ. μáõë³-
Ï³Ý ³ß˳ñÑÇÝ í»ñ³μ»ñáÕ: ³ãù»ñÇó ³ñóáõÝùÝ»ñ ¿ÇÝ ÑáëáõÙ:
florescence [flɔ:΄resns] n ͳÕÏáõÙ, ͳÕÏ»- flower [΄flauə] n ͳÕÇÏ. fresh/wild/field/gar-
ÉÁ. ÷Ëμ. ͳÕÏáõÙ, ͳÕÏÙ³Ý ßñç³Ý: den ~ óñÙ/í³ÛñÇ/¹³ßï³ÛÇÝ/Ùß³ÏáíÇ Í³-
floriculture [΄flɔ:rikΛlt∫ə] n ͳÕϳ- ÕÇÏÝ»ñ. withered, faded ~s óé³Ù³Í ͳ-
μáõÍáõÃÛáõÝ: ÕÇÏÝ»ñ. the flower grows/smells ͳÕÇÏÁ ³-
florid [΄flɒrid] a ·áõݳ·»Õ. ϳñÙñ³ï³Ï³Í ×áõÙ ¿/μáõñáõÙ ¿. in ~ ͳÕϳÍ. be in ~ ͳÕ-
(¹»Ùù): Ï»É, ͳÕÏáõÙ ³åñ»É. plant/grow/water ~s
florist [΄flɒrist] n ͳÕϳμáõÛÍ, ͳÕϳí³- ͳÕÇÏÝ»ñ ïÝÏ»É/³×»óÝ»É/çñ»É. ~ bed ͳÕ-
׳é. the ~’s ͳÕÏÇ Ë³ÝáõÃ: ϳÃáõÙμ. ~ pot ͳÕϳٳÝ. ~ arrangement
flotsam [΄flɒtsəm] n ÉáÕ³óáÕ Ý³í³μ»Ïáñ- ͳÕÇÏÝ»ñÇ Ó¨³íáñáõÙ. ~ show ͳÕÇÏÝ»ñÇ
Ý»ñ ¨ ݳí³μ»é: óáõó³Ñ³Ý¹»ë:
flounce [flauns] v ¹»ëáõ¹»Ý Ý»ïí»É. ³Ûë áõ flower [΄flauə] v ͳÕÏ»É, ÷ÃûÉ. ͳÕÇÏÝ»-
³ÛÝ ÏáÕÙ ß³ñÅí»É: ñáí ½³ñ¹³ñ»É:
flounce [flauns] n ͳɳμáÉáñù, μáÉáñù³- flowery [΄flauəri] a ͳÕϳí»ï, ͳÕϳ-
ͳÉ: ß³ï. ·áõݳ·»Õ:
flowing 333 fly

flowing [΄fləuiŋ] a ÑáëáÕ. ѳñÃ. ÏáÏÇÏ: flush [flΛ∫] n ßÇÏÝáõÙ, ϳñÙñ³ï³ÏáõÙ. ~


flu [flu:] n (Ïñ×. influenza μ³éÇó) ·ñÇå: with pleasure/anger/shame ѳ×áõÛùÇó/½³ÛñáõÛ-
fluctuate [΄flΛktjueit] v ï³ï³Ýí»É. ³Ýϳ- ÃÇó/³ÙáÃÇó ßÇÏÝ»É. hot ~ μÅßÏ. ¹»ÙùÇ ³ñ-
ÛáõÝ ÉÇÝ»É. The price of tea ~s »ÛÇ ·ÇÝÁ ³Ý- ÛáõݳÉóáõÙ. the first ~ of dawn ÷Ëμ. ³ñ¨³-
ϳÛáõÝ ¿: ͳ·Ç ³é³çÇÝ ßáÕ»ñÁ. a straight/royal ~
fluctuation [‚flΛktju΄ei∫n] n ï³ï³ÝáõÙ. ÃÕÃË. ѳٳ·áõÛÝ Ë³Õ³ÃÕûñ. éáÛ³É
³ÝϳÛáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ÷á÷áËáõÙ. currancy ~s ýÉ»ß. the first ~ of youth í³Õ »ñÇï³ë³ñ-
³ñÅáõÛÃÇ ï³ï³ÝáõÙÝ»ñ: ¹áõÃÛáõÝ. ~ of hope ÑáõÛëÇ ÷³Ûɳï³ÏáõÙ. ~
flue I [flu:] n ³Õí³Ù³½. ~s ÷³ÃÇÉÝ»ñ: of fever ç»ñÙ³ËïÇ Ýáå³:
flue II [flu:] n ÍËÝ»ÉáõÛ½, Í˳Ýóù: flush [flΛ∫] a í³ñ³ñ³Í. ѳñáõëï. ³é³ï³-
fluency [΄flu:ənsi] n ë³ÑáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ: Ó»éÝ, ßé³ÛÉ. be ~ of/with money ß³ï ÷áÕ
fluent [΄flu:ənt] n Ù³Ã. ÷á÷áË³Ï³Ý Ù»Íáõ- áõݻݳÉ. (ÙǨÝáõÛÝ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÇ íñ³) The
ÃÛáõÝ. ýáõÝÏódz: river is ~ with the banks ¶»ïÇ çáõñÁ ³÷»ñÇ
fluent [΄flu:ənt] a ë³ÑáõÝ (Ëáëù). His French Ñ»ï ѳí³ë³ñ ¿. The doors are ~ with the
is ~ ܳ ³½³ï ËáëáõÙ ¿ ýñ³Ýë»ñ»Ý: walls ¸éÝ»ñÁ å³ï»ñÇ Ñ»ï ѳí³ë³ñ »Ý:
fluently [΄flu:əntli] adv ë³ÑáõÝ Ï»ñåáí. flush [flΛ∫] v ßÇÏÝ»É, Ñáñ¹»É, Éóí»É. ~ed with
³½³ïáñ»Ý: victory/success ѳÕóݳÏáí/ѳçáÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ
fluff [flΛf] n ³Õí³Ù³½, ˳í, Ù³½³Ë³í: ³ñμ»ó³Í. ~ed with drink ËÙÇãùÇó ϳñÙñ³-
fluffiness [΄flΛfinis] n ³Õí³Ù³½áïáõÃÛáõÝ, ï³Ï³Í. ~ with shame/anger ³ÙáÃÇó/½³ÛñáõÛ-
˳íáïáõÃÛáõÝ£ ÃÇó ϳñÙñ»É. ~ out with water çñáí Éí³É-
fluffy [΄flΛfi] a ÷³÷ϳٳ½áï, ³Õí³- Ù³ùñ»É. ~ the toilet ½áõ·³ñ³ÝÇ çáõñÁ ù³ß»É:
Ù³½áï. ˳íáï, ÷³÷áõÏ: fluster [΄flΛstə] n Çñ³ñ³ÝóáõÙ, ˳éݳß÷á-
fluid [΄flu:id] n Ñ»ÕáõÏ/·³½³ÛÇÝ ÙÇç³í³Ûñ. ÃáõÃÛáõÝ:
Ñ»ÕáõÏ: fluster [΄flΛstə] v Ñáõ½»É, Ñáõ½í»É. ß÷áÃí»É.
fluid [΄flu:id] a Ñ»ÕáõÏ, ÑáëáõÝ. ~ situation ³Ý- be ~ed Ñáõ½í»É, Çñ³ñ ³ÝóÝ»É:
ϳÛáõÝ Çñ³íÇ׳Ï. The plans are still ~ flute [flu:t] n »ñÅß. ýÉ»Ûï³:
Ìñ³·ñ»ñÁ ¹»é¨ë å³ñ½ ã»Ý: flutist [΄flu:tist] n ýÉ»Ûï³Ñ³ñ:
fluke [flu:k] n (»ñç³ÝÇÏ) å³ï³Ñ³Ï³Ýáõ- flutter [΄flΛtə] n ÃñÃÇé. ¹áÕ¹áÕáõÙ. ׳Ë-
ÃÛáõÝ. by ~ μ³ËïÇ μ»ñÙ³Ùμ: ñáõÙ. ËëÏó. ã³ñ³ß³ÑáõÙ:
fluke [flu:k] v μ³ËïÁ μ»ñ»É, ·áñÍÁ ѳçáÕ- flutter [΄flΛtə] v ó÷³Ñ³ñ»É. ׳Ëñ»É.
í»É. win by a ~ å³ï³Ñ³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý ѳÕûÉ: ͳͳÝí»É. The bird ~ed his wings ÂéãáõÝÁ
flunk [flΛŋk] n “³Ýμ³í³ñ³ñ” ·Ý³Ñ³ï³- è»ñÁ ó÷³Ñ³ñ»ó. Flags ~ed ¸ñáßÝ»ñÁ
ϳÝ: ͳͳÝíáõÙ ¿ÇÝ. Leaves ~ed î»ñ¨Ý»ñÁ
flunk [flΛŋk] v ËëÏó. ~ exams ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»- ¹áÕ¹áÕáõÙ ¿ÇÝ. The pulse ~ed ¼³ñÏ»ñ³ÏÁ
ñÇó Ïïñí»É: ³Ýѳí³ë³ñ ¿ñ Ë÷áõÙ:
flunkey [΄flΛŋki] n ³ñÑÙ. ëå³ë³íáñ, ɳ- fluvial [΄flu:viəl] a ·»ïÇ, ·»ï³ÛÇÝ:
Ï»Û. ÷Ëμ. ëïáñ³ù³ñß, ͳé³Û³ÙÇï Ù³ñ¹: flux [flΛks] n Ñáë³Ýù, ѻջÕ. ÷á÷á˳ϳ-
fluorescence [flɔ:΄resns] n Éáõë³ÍáñáõÙ, ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, Ù³ÏÁÝóóáõÃÛáõÝ:
ýÉáõáñ¿ëó»Ýódz: fluxible [΄flΛksibl] a ¹Ûáõñ³Ñ³É:
flourescent [flɔ:΄resnt] a Éáõë³ÍáñáõÝ, Éáõ- fly [flai] n ׳Ý×. ~ for fishing ³ñÑ»ëï³Ï³Ý
ë³ÍáñáÕ. ~ lamp ó»ñ»Ï³ÛÇÝ ÉáõÛëÇ É³Ùå: ׳Ý× (ÓÏÝáñëáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ). the ~ in the
flurry [΄flΛri] n åáéÃÏáõÙ. ѳÝϳñÍ³Ï³Ý ointment ÷Ëμ. ÙÇ ·¹³É ÏáõåñÁ ÙÇ ï³Ï³é
÷áÃáñÇÏ. ~ of wind/rain /snow ù³Ùáõ åáéÃ- Ù»ÕñÇ Ù»ç. There are no flies on him ËëÏó.
ÏáõÙ. ï»Õ³ï³ñ³÷ ³ÝÓñ¨/ÓÛáõÝ. ÷Ëμ. Üñ³Ý ã»ë ˳μÇ:
Ñáõ½ÙáõÝù, Çñ³ñ³ÝóáõÙ The house was in a ~ fly [flai] a ËëÏó. ½·áõÛß, Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏ:
î³ÝÁ Çñ³ñ³ÝóáõÙ ¿ñ ïÇñáõÙ: fly [flai] v Ãéã»É, ëɳݳÉ. Birds/Butterflies ~
flurr/y [΄flΛri] v Ñáõ½»É, íñ¹áí»É, Çñ³ñ³Ý- ÂéãáõÝÝ»ñÁ/ÂÇûéÝ»ñÁ ÃéãáõÙ »Ý. Swallows
óáõÙ ³é³ç³óÝ»É. Don’t ~ me! ÆÝÓ Ñ³Ý·Çëï ~ swiftly ÌÇÍ»éݳÏÝ»ñÁ ëñÁÝóó »Ý
ÃáÕ. Don’t get ~ied! Æñ³ñ ÙÇ° ˳éÝíÇ: ÃéãáõÙ. ~ over the ocean ûíÏdzÝáëÇ íñ³Ûáí
fly-away 334 fold I

Ãéã»É. ~ high ÷Ëμ. ÷³é³ë»ñ/÷³é³ÙáÉ ÉÇ- rubber matress åáñáÉáÝ» Ý»ñùݳÏ:


Ý»É. ~ for one’s life ÷Ëμ. ÷³Ëã»É ÏÛ³ÝùÁ foamy [΄fəumi] a ÷ñ÷ñ³óáÕ, ÷ñ÷ñ³Ï³-
÷ñÏ»Éáõ ѳٳñ. ~ from justice ³ñ¹³ñáõÃÛáõ- ɳÍ. ù³÷áõùñïÇÝù Ïïñ³Í:
ÝÇó ÷³Ëã»É. ~ the country »ñÏñÇó ÷³Ëã»É. fob [fɒb] n í½ÇÝ ÷³Ã³Ã»É. ÑÇÙ³ñ³óÝ»É. ~
How time flies! ÆÝãå»¯ë ¿ ųٳݳÏÁ ÃéãáõÙ. defective goods off ³Ýå»ïù ³åñ³ÝùÁ
I must ~ now ËëÏó. ä»ïù ¿ í³½»Ù. (÷á- ·Ýáñ¹Ç í½ÇÝ ÷³Ã³Ã»É. ~ off with excuses
˳¹ñ»É, ÃéóÝ»É) ~ passengers/ goods áõÕ¨áñ- Ý»ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ Ëݹñ»Éáí ³½³ïí»É:
Ý»ñ/³åñ³Ýù ÷á˳¹ñ»É. ~ an aeroplane ÇÝù- focal [΄fəukl] a ýǽ. Ïǽ³Ï»ï³ÛÇÝ, Ïǽ³Ï»-
ݳÃÇéÁ í³ñ»É. ~ blind ÇÝùݳÃÇéÁ í³ñ»É ïÇ. Ï»ÝïñáݳϳÝ. ~ point Ï»ÝïñáÝ:
ë³ñù»ñÇ ÙÇçáóáí. (ͳͳݻÉ, ͳͳÝí»É) focus [΄fəukəs] n Ïǽ³Ï»ï. Ï»ÝïñáÝ. ÉëÝÏ.
The ship was ~ing the French flag ܳíÁ ýáÏáõë. μÅßÏ. ûç³Ë, μáõÛÝ. be in/out of ~ ýá-
ýñ³ÝëÇ³Ï³Ý ¹ñáßÇ ï³Ï ¿ñ ·ÝáõÙ. The em- ÏáõëÇ Ù»ç/ ýáÏáõëÇó ¹áõñë ÉÇÝ»É:
bassies fiew their flags ¸»ëå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ focus [΄fəukəs] v Ïǽ³Ï»ïáõÙ Ï»ÝïñáݳݳÉ
ϳ˻óÇÝ Çñ»Ýó ¹ñáßÝ»ñÁ. ~ as far as Ãéã»É /Ï»ÝïñáݳóÝ»É. ÷Ëμ. Ï»ÝïñáݳݳÉ. ~
ÙÇÝã¨. ~ at ѳñÓ³Ïí»É, íñ³ åñÍÝ»É. The one’s attention áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ï»Ýïñáݳó-
dog flew at the cat ÞáõÝÁ ѳñÓ³Ïí»ó ϳïíÇ Ý»É. All eyes were ~ed on ... ´áÉáñÇ Ñ³-
íñ³. ~ in Ý»ñë Ãéã»É/·³É. ~ in cargo ÇÝùݳ- Û³óùÝ»ñÁ Ï»Ýïñáݳó»É ¿ÇÝ... íñ³. I can’t
ÃÇéáí μ»éÝ»ñ μ»ñ»É. ~ off ¹áõñë Ãéã»É. ~ off ~ properly ²ãù»ñë ýáÏáõëÇó ÁÝÏÝ»É »Ý£
in different directions ï³ñμ»ñ áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»- fodder [΄fɒdə] n ³Ý³ëݳϻñ. Ï»ñ. cannon ~
ñáí ·Ý³É. The button flew off ÷Ëμ. Îá׳ÏÁ ÷Ëμ. Ãݹ³ÝáÃÇ ÙÇë:
åáÏí»ó. ~ open ɳÛÝ μ³ó ³Ý»É. The door flew foe [fəu] n ÃßݳÙÇ, áëáË:
open ¸áõéÁ ɳÛÝ μ³óí»ó. ~ up í»ñ¨ Ãéã»É. foetus [΄fi:təs] n åïáõÕ, ë³ÕÙ:
Sparks flew up γÛÍ»ñÁ í»ñ ¿ÇÝ ÃéãáõÙ: fog [fɒg] n Ù»·, Ù³é³ËáõÕ, Ùßáõß. ÉëÝÏ.
fly-away [΄flaiəwei] a ɳÛÝ, ³½³ï (ѳ- ÷³é. heavy ~ óÝÓñ Ùßáõß. in a ~ ÷Ëμ.
·áõëï). Í÷³óáÕ (Ù³½»ñ): ¹Åí³ñÇÝ, ³Ýáñáß íÇ׳ÏáõÙ. The ~ is clear-
fly-bitten [΄flai‚bitn] a ׳Ý×»ñáí Ï»Õïáï- ing/lifting ØßáõßÁ óñíáõÙ ¿. a belt of ~ ÙßáõßÇ
í³Í: ·áïÇ/ßñç³Ý:
flying [΄flaiiŋ] n ÃéÇãù, û¹³·Ý³óáõÃÛáõÝ: fog [fɒg] a Ùßáõß³ÛÇÝ. ~ lamp ѳϳÙßáõß³ÛÇÝ
high-altitude/blind ~ μ³ñÓñ/ÏáõÛñ ÃéÇãù: Éáõë³ñÓ³Ï. ~ horn ³½¹³Ýß³Ý ÙßáõßÇ Å³-
flying [΄flaiiŋ] a ÃéãáÕ. a ~ fish/saucer ÃéãáÕ Ù³Ý³Ï:
ÓáõÏ/³÷ë». F~ Fortress ÂéãáÕ ³Ùñáó fogbound [΄fɒgbaund] a Ùßáõßáí å³ïí³Í.
(ÇÝùݳÃÇéÇ ï»ë³Ï). F~ Royal Corps ú¹³- The ship was ~ ܳíÝ áõß³ÝáõÙ ¿ñ ÙßáõßÇ
ãáõÝ»ñÇ Ã³·³íáñ³Ï³Ý Ïáñåáõë. ~ hours å³ï׳éáí:
ÃéÇãùÇ Å³Ù»ñ. a ~ visit ÷Ëμ. Ñå³ÝóÇÏ fogey [΄fəugi] n ËëÏó. an old ~ ã³÷³½³Ýó
³Ûó»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ: å³Ñå³ÝáÕ³Ï³Ý Ù³ñ¹:
fly-leaf [΄flaili:f] n ïå·ñ. ϳ½ÙÁ ·ñùÇÝ foggy [΄fɒgi] a Ù³é³Ëɳå³ï, Ùßáõß³å³ï:
ÙdzóÝáÕ Ã»ñÃ: foible [΄fɔibl] n μݳíáñáõÃÛ³Ý ÃáõÉáõÃÛáõÝ,
fly-sheet [΄flai∫i:t] n ÃéáõóÇÏ: ÃáõÛÉ ÏáÕÙ:
flyweight [΄flaiweit] n ³Ù»Ý³Ã»Ã¨ ù³ßÇ foil I [fɔil] n ÷³ÛɳÃÇûÕ. (ѳϳ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ)
ÁÙμß³Ù³ñï: act as a ~ to smb áñå»ë ѳϳ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ/
fly-wheel [΄flaiwi:l] n ï»Ë. ó÷³ÝÇí: ÏáÝïñ³ëï ͳé³Û»É:
foal [fəul] n ùáõé³Ï: foil II [fɔil] n í³ÛñÇ Ï»Ý¹³Ýáõ Ñ»ïù:
foam [fəum] n ÷ñ÷áõñ: foil III [fɔil] n í³ñųëáõë»ñ, Ù³ñ½³ëáõë»ñ,
foam [fəum] v ÷ñ÷ñ»É, ÷ñ÷ñ³Ï³É»É. ~ing ëáõë»ñ:
glass of beer ÙÇ μ³Å³Ï ÷ñ÷ñ³Ï³É³Í ·³- foist [fɔist] v ½áéáí ëïÇå»É í»ñóÝ»É. ½áéáí
ñ»çáõñ. The horse was ~ing ÒÇÝ ÷ñ÷ñ³Ï³- Ù»ÏÇ í½ÇÝ ÷³Ã³Ã»É. be ~ed the job/the
É»É ¿ñ. ~ at the mouth ÷Ëμ. ÷ñ÷áõñÁ μ»ñ³- children ³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ/»ñ»Ë³Ý»ñÇÝ Ù»ÏÇ
ÝÇÝ, ϳï³Õ³Í: í½ÇÝ ÷³Ã³Ã»É:
foam rubber [‚fəum΄rΛbə] n åáñáÉáÝ. ~ fold I [fəuld] n ͳÉù, ͳÉí³Íù. (ݳ¨
fold II 335 fool

»ñÏñμ.) a ~ of the hills μÉáõñÝ»ñÇ Í³Éù»ñ. ã»Ù ϳñáÕ Ñ»ï¨»É Ýñ³ ÙïùÇ ÁÝóóùÇÝ. ~
make /iron ~s ͳÉù»ñ ³Ý»É/³ñ¹áõÏ»É: the sea/ law ݳí³ëïÇ/Çñ³í³μ³Ý ¹³éݳÉ.
fold II [fəuld] n (ݳ¨ sheep-fold) áã˳- as ~s Ñ»ï¨Û³ÉÁ. It ~s that ... ¸ñ³ÝÇó Ñ»ï¨áõÙ
ñ³Ýáó, ÷³ñ³Ë: ¿, áñ... ~ suit Ñ»ï¨»É ûñÇݳÏÇÝ:
fold [fəuld] v ͳɻÉ. Íé»É, Ïáñ³óÝ»É. ~ a pa- follower [΄fɒləuə] n Ñ»ï¨áÕ, Ñ»ï³åݹáÕ,
per/ letter/blanket ÃáõÕÃÁ/ݳٳÏÁ/ͳÍÏáóÁ Ñ»ï¨áñ¹. ~ of fashion Ùá¹³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï¨áÕ. ~ of
ͳɻÉ. with ~ed arms Ó»éù»ñÁ ÏñÍùÇÝ idea ѳٳËáÑ. (»ñÏñå³·áõ) ~ of “Spartak”
˳ã³Í. (÷³Ã³Ã»É) ~ in a piece of paper/cloth “êå³ñï³Ï” - Ç »ñÏñå³·áõ:
ÃÕÃÇ/ ÏïáñÇ Ù»ç ÷³Ã³Ã»É. ~ the cloak following [΄fɒləuiŋ] n Ñ»ï¨áñ¹Ý»ñ, ѳٳ-
round oneself ÃÇÏÝáóÇ Ù»ç ÷³Ã³Ãí»É. ~ in ËáÑÝ»ñ. have a large ~ ß³ï Ñ»ï¨áñ¹Ý»ñ/
arms ·ñÏáõÙ ë»ÕÙ»É. ~ up an umbrella ³ÝÓ- ѳٳËáÑÝ»ñ áõݻݳÉ:
ñ¨³ÝáóÁ ÷³Ï»É. The sofa ~s up/down following [΄fɒləuiŋ] 1. a Ñ»ï¨Û³É, ѳçáñ¹.
´³½ÙáóÁ ͳÉáíÇ ¿/ͳÉíáõÙ ¿. The factory on the ~ day ѳçáñ¹ ûñÁ. a ~ wind ѳÙÁÝ-
has ~ed up ¶áñͳñ³ÝÁ ÷³Ïí»ó: óó ù³ÙÇ. He said the ~ ܳ ³ë³ó Ñ»ï¨Û³-
folder [΄fəuldə] n ÃÕóå³Ý³Ï. loose-leaf ~ ÉÁ. The ~ should come Ü»ñùáÑÇßÛ³ÉÝ»ñÁ
³ñ³·³Ï³ñ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ icon Íñ³ñÇ å³ï- å»ïù ¿ ·³Ý. 2. prep Ñ»ïá, Ñ»ï¨Çó:
Ï»ñ³Ý߳ݣ folly [΄fɒli] n ÑÇÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, Ë»ÝÃáõÃÛáõÝ,
folding [΄fəuldiŋ] a ͳÉáíÇ, ÷»Õϳíáñ. ~ ³ÝÙïáõÃÛáõÝ:
chairs/doors ͳÉáíÇ ³ÃáéÝ»ñ/¹éÝ»ñ. a ~ foment [fəu΄ment] v ï³ù Ãñçáó³É³Ã ¹Ý»É,
table ÷»Õϳíáñ ë»Õ³Ý: ï³ù³óÝ»É. ÷Ëμ. Ññ³Ññ»É, μáñμáù»É. ~ ha-
foliage [΄fəulidз] n ë³Õ³ñÃ. ï»ñ¨³Ó¨ tred ³ï»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ μáñμáù»É. ~ rebellion
½³ñ¹: ³åëï³ÙμáõÃÛáõÝ Ññ³Ññ»É:
foliate [΄fəuliət] a ï»ñ¨³ÝÙ³Ý, ï»ñ¨³Ó¨. fond [fɒnd] a ùÝùáõß, ëÇñáÕ. be ~ of ëÇñ»É.
ë³Õ³ñóíáñ: be ~ of skating ãÙßϳë³Ñù ëÇñ»É. I am ~ of
folk [fəuk] n ÅáÕáíáõñ¹. ~s Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ, ³½·³- chocolates ºë ßáÏáɳ¹ »Ù ëÇñáõÙ. (½áõñ) ~
ϳÝ, ³½·áõï³Ï. the old ~s at home ÍÝáÕÝ»- hopes/ambitions ½áõñ ÑáõÛë»ñ/÷³é³ëÇñáõ-
ñÁ. young ~ »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹áõÃÛáõÝ. old ~ Í»- ÃÛáõÝ:
ñ»ñÁ. common ~ ѳë³ñ³Ï ÅáÕáíáõñ¹: fondle [΄fɒndl] v ÷³Õ³ùß»É, ëÇñ»É:
folk [fəuk] a ÅáÕáíñ¹³Ï³Ý. ~ dance Åá- fondness [΄fɒndnəs] n ùÝùßáõÃÛáõÝ, ë»ñ:
Õáíñ¹³Ï³Ý å³ñ. ~ song ÅáÕáíñ¹³Ï³Ý font [fɔnt] ÑÙÏñ·.ï³é³ï»ë³Ï. ~ command
»ñ·. ~lore ÅáÕáíñ¹³Ï³Ý μ³Ý³ÑÛáõëáõÃÛáõÝ: ï³é³ï»ë³ÏÁ ÷áË»Éáõ Ññ³Ù³Ý. ~ file
follow [΄fɒləu] v ѻ層É, Ñ»ï¨Çó ·Ý³É. He ï³é³ï»ë³ÏÝ»ñÇ ý³ÛÉ. ~ size ï³é³ï»-
~ed me into the room ܳ ÇÙ Ñ»ï¨Çó ë»ÝÛ³Ï ë³ÏÝ»ñÇ ã³÷ëÁ:
Ùï³í. (Ñ»ï³åݹ»É) ~ the enemy ÃßݳÙáõÝ food [fu:d] n Ï»ñ³Ïáõñ, áõï»ÉÇù, ëÝáõݹ. ~
Ñ»ï³åݹ»É. ~ this road ·Ý³ó»ù ³Ûë ׳ݳ- and drink áõï»ÉÇù ¨ ËÙ»ÉÇù. tasty/plain/who-
å³ñÑáí. ~ one’s footsteps Ù»ÏÇ Ñ»ïù»ñáí lesome ~ ѳٻÕ/ѳë³ñ³Ï/³éáÕç ëÝáõݹ/
·Ý³É. The meeting will be ~ed by a concert Äá- áõï»ÉÇù. mental ~ Ñá·¨áñ ëÝáõݹ. ~ for med-
ÕáíÇó Ñ»ïá ѳٻñ· ÏÉÇÝÇ. He came first itation/thought ËáñÑñ¹³Í»Éáõ ÝÛáõÃ. (å³-
~ed by his brother Ü³Ë »Ï³í ݳ, Ñ»ïá Ñ»- ñ»Ý, ëÝݹ³Ùûñù) preserved/tinned/processed
層ó »Õμ³ÛñÁ. ~ one’s career Ñ»ï¨»É Ù»ÏÇ ~ å³Ñ³ÍáÛí³Í/Ùß³Ïí³Í ëÝáõݹ. ~ poison-
³é³çÁÝóóÇÝ. We are being ~ed ÷Ëμ. Ø»½ ing ÃáõݳíáñáõÙ ëÝáõݹÇó. ~ value ëÝݹ³-
Ñ»ï¨áõÙ »Ý. ~ the majority Ñ»ï¨»É Ù»Í³Ù³ë- ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ëïÇ׳ÝÁ:
ÝáõÃÛ³ÝÁ. ~ smb’s advice/a custom/an example/ food stuff [΄fu:dstΛf] n ëÝݹ³Ùûñù:
the fashion/the rule Ù»ÏÇ ËáñÑñ¹ÇÝ/ ûñÇ- fool [fu:l] n ÑÇÙ³ñ, ïËÙ³ñ make a ~ ÑÇÙ³-
ݳÏÇÝ/ϳÝáÝÇÝ/Ùá¹³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ï¨»É. ~ a diet ñ³óÝ»É/˳μ»É Ù»ÏÇÝ. play the ~ ÑÇÙ³ñ
¹Ç»ï³ å³Ñå³Ý»É. ~ the job through ·áñÍÁ Ó¨³Ý³É. Any ~ can do it Úáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ ÑÇ-
ÙÇÝ㨠í»ñç ѳëóÝ»É. (ѳëϳݳÉ) I ~ you ºë Ù³ñ ¹³ ϳñáÕ ¿ ³Ý»É:
ÉëáõÙ/ѳëϳÝáõÙ »Ù Ó»½. I don’t ~ you ºë Ó»½ fool [fu:l] v ÑÇÙ³ñ³óÝ»É, ˳μ»É, ÑÇÙ³ñáõ-
ã»Ù ѳëϳÝáõÙ. I can’t ~ his line of thought ºë ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ³Ý»É. ÑÇÙ³ñ Ó¨³Ý³É. ~ smb out of
foolery 336 for

money ˳μ»Éáí ÷áÕ ¹áõñë Ïáñ½»É. ~ about/ foothold [΄futhəuld] n ѻݳϻï. have a firm
around ÑÇÙ³ñ³μ³ñ í³ïÝ»É Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÁ. ~ áïù»ñÇ ï³Ï ³Ùáõñ ѻݳñ³Ý áõݻݳÉ:
You can’t ~ me ÆÝÓ ã»ë ˳μÇ: footing [΄futiŋ] n Ý»óáõÏ, ÑÇÙù. ѻݳñ³Ý.
foolery [΄fu:ləri] n ÑÇÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ·ÅáõÃÛáõÝ: loose/keep one’s ~ ë³Ûóù»É/áïù»ñÇ íñ³
foolhardy [΄fu:lha:di] a ³ÝËáÑ»Ùáñ»Ý ù³ç, ϳݷáõÝ ÙݳÉ. be on a friendly ~ ÁÝÏ»ñ³-
ѳݹáõ·Ý: Ï³Ý Ñ³ñ³μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É. on a
foolish [΄fu:li∫] a ÑÇÙ³ñ, Ë»ÝÃ, ˻ɳé. look war ~ é³½Ù³Ï³Ý å³ïñ³ëïáõÃÛ³Ý íÇ-
~ ÑÇÙ³ñ ï»ëù áõݻݳÉ. Don’t be ~ ! ÐÇÙ³ñ ׳Ï. gain a ~ ѻݳñ³Ý ·ïÝ»É:
ÙÇ° ÉÇÝÇ: footless [΄futləs] a ³Ýáï, áïù ãáõÝ»óáÕ.
foolishness [΄fu:li∫nəs] n ÑÇÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ÷Ëμ. ÑÇÙù ãáõÝ»óáÕ, ³ÝÑÇÙÝ:
³ÝËáÑ»ÙáõÃÛáõÝ£ footlights [΄futlaits] n óïñ. μ»Ù»½ñÇ ÉáõÛ-
foolproof [΄fu:lpru:f] a å³ñ½, ѳëϳݳÉÇ. ë»ñ. é³Ùå³:
ï»Ë. ³Ýíï³Ý·, ³å³Ñáí. The camera is ~ footman [΄futmən] n ëå³ë³íáñ, ɳϻÛ:
²Ù»Ý Ù³ñ¹ ϳñáÕ ¿ ëñ³Ýáí Ýϳñ»É: footmark [΄futma:k] n áïùÇ Ñ»ïù, áïݳ-
foot [fut] n áïù, áïݳóÃ. on ~ áïùáí. set Ñ»ïù:
~(on) áïù ¹Ý»É. ÷Ëμ. ѳëï³ïí»É. I’ll foot-note [΄futnəut] n ͳÝáó·ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
never set ~ there ²Ûɨë áïù ã»Ù ¹ÝÇ ³ÛÝï»Õ. foot passenger [΄fut‚pæsindзə] n Ñ»ïÇáïÝ
light/heavy feet ûè/ͳÝñ ù³ÛÉ»ñ. the sole of áõÕ¨áñ£
the ~ Ý»ñμ³Ý, áïݳóÃ. a slender/broken ~ foot-path [΄futpa:θ] n áïùÇ ×³Ý³å³ñÑ,
Ý»Õ Ý»ñμ³Ý, Ïáïñí³Í áïݳóÃ. stand on ß³íÇÕ, ³ñ³Ñ»ï:
one’s own ~ ë»÷³Ï³Ý áïù»ñÇ íñ³ ϳݷ- footprint [΄futprint] n áïݳѻïù:
Ý»É. get to one’s feet áïùÇ Ï³Ý·Ý»É. be on footrest [΄fut‚rest] (ݳ¨ footstool) áïù»ñÇ
one’s feet áïùÇ íñ³ ÉÇÝ»É. at the ~ of the bed ï³ÏÇ å³ïí³Ý¹³Ý. áïù»ñÁ íñ³Ý ¹Ý»Éáõ
Ù³Ñ׳ϳÉÇ áïùÇ Ù³ëáõÙ, áïݳٳëáõÙ. ѳñÙ³ñ³Ýù:
sit at the ~ of the table ë»Õ³ÝÇ Í³ÛñÇÝ Ýëï»É. foot-soldier [΄futsəuldзə] n Ñ»ï¨³Ï ½ÇÝ-
÷Ëμ. from head to ~ áïùÇó ·ÉáõË. under íáñ:
smb’s ~ Ù»ÏÇ ÏñáõÝÏÇ ï³Ï. have cold feet footsore [΄futsɔ:] a áïù»ñÁ ѳñ³Í (ß³ï
í³Ë ½·³É. put one’s ~ down ѳëï³ï³Ï³Ù ù³ÛÉ»Éáõó)
ÉÇÝ»É, í×é³Ï³Ý ¹Çñù μéÝ»É. get off on the footstep [΄futstep] n ù³ÛÉ. hear ~s ù³ÛÉ»ñ
wrong ~ óñë áïÇó í»ñ ϻݳÉ. put one’s ~ Éë»É. follow in father’s ~s Ñáñ Ñ»ïù»ñáí
into ˳éÝí»É ÙÇ μ³ÝÇ, ùÇÃÁ ËáûÉ. have got ·Ý³É.
one foot in the grave ÙÇ áïùÁ ·»ñ»½Ù³ÝáõÙ footwork [΄futwə:k] n áïù»ñÇ ³ß˳ï³Ýù:
ÉÇÝ»É. (ϻݹ. Ù³ëÇÝ) óà hind/fore ~ »ï¨Ç/ fop [fɒp] n å×ݳÙáÉ/å×ݳë»ñ Ù³ñ¹:
³éç¨Ç óà bird’s ~ ÃéãÝÇ Ã³Ã. áïݳã³÷, foppery [΄fɒpəri] n å×ݳÙáÉáõÃÛáõÝ, å×ݳ-
ýáõï (30, 5 ëÙ). feet long 5 ýáõï »ñϳñáõ- ëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÃÛ³Ùμ. ~ of the mountain ë³ñÇ ëïáñáï: for [fɔ:] prep (ï³ñ³Í³Ï³Ý) Ýå³ï³Ï³Ï»ï.
foot [fut] v áïùáí ·Ý³É. ѳÝñ³·áõÙ³ñÇ μ»- walk ~ two miles »ñÏáõ ÙÕáÝ ù³ÛÉ»É. start ~
ñ»É. ѳßÇíÁ í׳ñ»É. We’ll have to ~ it Ø»Ýù London ÈáݹáÝ áõÕ¨áñí»É. (Ýå³ï³Ï, ѳ-
ëïÇåí³Í »Ýù áïùáí ·Ý³É. ~ the bill ѳ- Ù³ñ) ~ children/freedom/pleasure »ñ»Ë³Ý»-
ßÇíÁ ÷³Ï»É: ñÇ/³½³ïáõÃÛ³Ý/ѳ×áõÛùÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. ~ a rainy
football [΄futbɔ:l] n ýáõïμáÉ. ýáõïμáÉÇ day ë¨ ûñí³ Ñ³Ù³ñ. (ųٳݳÏ, ÁÝóó-
·Ý¹³Ï: ùáõÙ) ~ a week/a month/a few days Ù»Ï ß³μ³Ã-
footballer [΄futbɔ:lə] n ýáõïμáÉÇëï: í³/³Ùëí³/ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ ûñí³ ÁÝóóùáõÙ.
footboard [΄futbɔ:d] n áïݳÏ, áïݳï»Õ: (ѳÝáõÝ, Ç ë»ñ) ~ God’s sake Ç ë»ñ ²ëïÍá.
footboy [΄fut‚bɔi] n ͳé³, ëå³ë³íáñ: It’s ~ your own good ¸³ ѳÝáõÝ ù»½ ¿, ùá
footbridge [΄futbridз] n Ñ»ïÇáïÝ Ï³Ùáõñç: μ³ñÇùÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ¿. (ãݳ۳Í) ~ all that ãݳ۳Í
footfall [΄futfɔ:l] n áïݳӳÛÝ: ³Û¹ μáÉáñÇÝ. ~ all his faults ãÝ³Û³Í Ýñ³
foot-gear [΄futgiə] n ÏáßϻջÝ, ·áõÉå»Õ»Ý£ μáÉáñ ûñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ. (·ÇÝ, ³ñÅ»ù) He
foot hills [΄futhil] n ëïáñáï, ݳ˳ɻéÝ»ñ: bought the hat ~ 10 dollars ܳ ·É˳ñÏÁ 10
for 337 forego

¹áɳñáí ·Ý»ó. fit ~ nothing áã åÇï³ÝÇ. go ~ ëïÇåí³Í ÉÇÝ»É »½ñ³Ñ³Ý·»É. ~ oneself


a walk ½μáë³ÝùÇ ·Ý³É. time ~ bed/dinner Çñ»Ý ëïÇå»É. ~ the pace ï»Ùå»ñÝ ³ñ³-
ùÝ»Éáõ/׳ßÇ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ¿. good ~ him Ýñ³Ý ·³óÝ»É. ~ pupils ÷Ëμ. ³ß³Ï»ñïÝ»ñÇÝ
ï»ÕÇÝ ¿. If it weren’t ~ you ºÃ» ¹áõ ãÉÇÝ»Çñ. ·»ñͳÝñ³μ»éÝ»É. ~ a lock/the door ÏáÕå»-
hope ~ the best ³í»ÉÇ É³í μ³Ý Ñáõë³É: ùÁ/¹áõéÁ Ïáïñ»É. ~ a plant (³ñÑ»ï³Ï³Ýá-
for [fɔ:] cnj ù³ÝÇ áñ, áñáíÑ»ï¨: ñ»Ý) ³ñ³·³óÝ»É μáõÛëÇ ³×Á:
forage [΄fɒridз] n ³Ý³ëݳϻñ: forced [fɔ:st] a ѳñϳ¹Çñ, ëïÇåáճϳÝ.
forasmuch [fərəz΄mΛt∫] conj ù³ÝÇ áñ: ~ landing ѳñϳ¹Çñ í³Ûñ¿çù. ~ laughter/
foray [΄fɒrei] n ³ëå³ï³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ñß³- smile μéݳ½μáëÇÏ/³ÝμÝ³Ï³Ý ÍÇͳÕ/
í³Ýù, ³í»ñáõÙ: ÅåÇï. ɳñí³Í. ~ feeding ³ñÑ»ëï³Ï³Ý
forbear [fɔ:΄beə] v ½·áõ߳ݳÉ, Çñ»Ý ½ëå»É, ëÝáõóáõÙ, ѳñϳ¹Çñ Ï»ñ³ÏñáõÙ:
Ëáõë³÷»É. ~ to express one’s opinion ½·áõß³- forceful [΄fɔ:sfl] a áõÅ»Õ, ѳÙá½Çã. a ~ argu-
Ý³É Çñ ϳñÍÇùÝ ³ñï³Ñ³Ûï»Éáõó: ment ѳÙá½Çã ÷³ëï³ñÏ. a ~ person áõÅ»Õ
forbearance [fɔ:΄beərəns] n ѳÙμ»ñáõ- (ϳÙùÇ ï»ñ ) Ù³ñ¹. ѳëï³ï³Ï³Ù:
ÃÛáõÝ, ïáÏáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ÇÝùݳ½ëåáõÃÛáõÝ: forceless [΄fɔ:sləs] a ³ÝáõÅ. ³Ý½áñ:
show ~ in a difficult situation ͳÝñ Çñ³íÇ׳- forcemeat [΄fɔ:smi:t] n ÙëÇ ÉóáÝ:
ÏáõÙ ½ëåí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ óáõó³μ»ñ»É: forceps [΄fɔ:seps] n ÝñμáõÝ»ÉÇ. ³ï³Ùݳμáõ-
forbears [fɔ:΄beəs] n ݳËÝÇÝ»ñ, ݳËáñ¹- Å³Ï³Ý ³ùó³Ý (ݳ¨ extraction ~ ):
Ý»ñ: forcible [΄fɔ:səbl] a μéÝÇ, ѳñϳ¹ñ³Ï³Ý.
forbid [fə΄bid] v ³ñ·»É»É, ÃáõÛÉ ãï³É: ѳÙá½Çã, ͳÝñ³ÏßÇé:
forbidden [fə΄bidn] a a ~ ground ³ñ·»Éí³Í ford [fɔ:d]1. n ͳÝͳÕáõï. 2. v ͳÝͳÕáõ-
ûٳ. ~ fruit ³ñ·»Éí³Í åïáõÕ. ~ zone ³ñ- ïáí ³ÝóÝ»É:
·»Éí³Í ½áݳ. Smoking ~ ! ÌË»ÉÝ ³ñ- fore [fɔ:] 1. n ݳí³ùÇÃ, óéáõÏ. to the ~ Ùá-
ïÇÏ, ³ãùÇ ³é³ç. come to the ~ ³é³ç ß³ñÅ-
·»Éí³Í ¿£
í»É/·Ý³É. be to the ~ μáÉáñÇ ³ãùÇ ³é³ç
forbidding [fə΄bidiŋ] a (Ù³ñ¹áõ Ù³ëÇÝ)
ÉÇÝ»É. 2. a ³éç¨Ç, ³é³ç. Íáí. ݳí³ùÃÇ. 3.
¹³Å³Ý, ëå³éݳÉÇó. ~ look ëå³éݳÉÇó
adv ~ and aft ݳí³ùÃÇ ¨ ݳí³Ë»ÉÇ íñ³.
ï»ëù áõݻݳÉ. ~ cliffs Ùé³ÛÉ Å³Ûé»ñ:
ݳíÇ ³ÙμáÕç »ñϳÛÝùáí:
force [fɔ:s] n áõÅ, ½áñáõÃÛáõÝ. physical/tremen- forearm [΄fɔ:ra:m] n Ý³Ë³μ³½áõÏ, è:
dous/destructive ~ ýǽÇϳϳÝ/Ñëϳ۳ϳÝ/
ÏáñͳÝÇã áõÅ. driving, impelling ~ ß³ñÅÇã
foreboding [fɔ:΄bəudiŋ] n ݳ˳½·³óáõÙ,
ϳݳ˳½·³óáõÙ. have a ~ ݳ˳½·³É,
áõÅ. attractive ~ Ó·áÕáõÃÛ³Ý áõÅ. legal ~s Çñ³-
ϳÝ˳½·³É:
í³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý/ûñÇÝ³Ï³Ý áõÅ»ñ. ~ majeure
forecast [΄fɔ:ka:st] n ݳ˳·áõß³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ,
ýáñë Ù³Åáñ, ³ÝѳÕóѳñ»ÉÇ áõÅ. ³ñï³-
ϳÝËáñáßáõÙ. weather ~ »Õ³Ý³ÏÇ ï»ëáõ-
ϳñ· Çñ³íÇ׳Ï. the ~ of gravity Ó·áճϳ-
ÃÛáõÝ. His ~ proved wrong Üñ³ ·áõß³Ïáõ-
ÝáõÃÛ³Ý áõÅ. by ~ áõÅáí. brute ~ ÏáåÇï áõÅ. ÃÛáõÝÁ ëË³É ¹áõñë »Ï³í/ãϳï³ñí»ó:
with all one’s ~ ³ÙμáÕç áõÅáí. market ~s ßáõ- forecasting [΄fɔ:ka:stiŋ] n ϳÝËáñáßáõÙ:
Ï³Û³Ï³Ý Ù»Ë³ÝǽÙÝ»ñ. by ~ of habit ëáíá- foreclose [fɔ:΄kləuz] v ˳ݷ³ñ»É, ËáãÁݹá-
ñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÅáí. be in ~ áõÅÇ Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É. come/ ï»É. û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý Çñ³íáõÝùÇó ½ñÏ»É:
enter into ~ áõÅÇ Ù»ç ÙïÝ»É. (μéÝáõÃÛáõÝ) take, foreclosure [fɔ:΄kləuзə] n ·ñ³í³¹ñí³Í
seize by ~ μéÝÇ áõÅáí í»ñóÝ»É. We had to use ·áõÛùÇ Çñ³íáõÝùÇ Ïáñáõëï. ~ sale ·ñ³í³-
~ êïÇåí³Í ¿ÇÝù μéÝáõÃÛáõÝ ·áñͳ¹ñ»É. by ¹ñí³Í ³Ýß³ñÅ ·áõÛùÇ í³×³éù:
~ of ѻ勉Ýùáí, å³ï׳éáí. ~s ½ÇÝí³Í foredate [fɔ:΄deit] v Ñ»ïÇÝ Ãíáí Ãí³·ñ»É:
áõÅ»ñ join ~s áõÅ»ñÁ ѳٳËÙμ»É. police ~s foredoom [fɔ:΄du:m] v ݳ˳å»ë ¹³ï³-
áëïÇϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ. armed/sea/naval/air ~s ½ÇÝ- å³ñï»É. It was ~ed to failure ¸³ ³Ýѳçá-
í³Í/é³½Ù³-Íáí³ÛÇÝ/û¹³ÛÇÝ áõÅ»ñ. ground ÕáõÃÛ³Ý ¿ñ ¹³ï³å³ñïí³Í Ñ»Ýó ëϽμÇó:
~s ó³Ù³ù³ÛÇÝ áõÅ»ñ: forefather [fɔ:΄fa:ðə] n ݳ˳ѳÛñ:
force [fɔ:s] v ëïÇå»É, ѳñϳ¹ñ»É. μéݳ- forefinger [΄fɔ:fiŋgə] n óáõó³Ù³ï:
ݳÉ, áõÅ ·áñͳ¹ñ»É. Circumstances ~d him forego [fɔ:΄gəu], forgo v Ññ³Å³ñí»É. ݳ-
гݷ³Ù³ÝùÝ»ñÁ ëïÇå»óÇÝ Ýñ³Ý. be ~d to Ëáñ¹»É:
foregoing 338 forfeit

foregoing [fɔ:΄gəuiŋ] a ݳËáñ¹áÕ, í»ñá- Ý»É. ϳÝËáñáß»É, ݳËáñáß»É:


ÑÇßÛ³É: forepart [΄fɔ:pa:t] n ³éç¨Ç Ù³ë:
foreground [΄fɔ:graund] n ³é³çÇÝ åɳÝ, forepaw [΄fɔ:‚pɔ:] n ³éç¨Ç óÃ
³é³ç³ÏáÕÙ: (ϻݹ³Ýáõ):
forehand [΄fɔ:hænd] a Ùñ½. (ûÝÇë) ³ç³- fore-run [fɔ:΄rΛn] v ݳËáñ¹»É, ݳ˳·áõ-
ÏáÕÙÛ³Ý Ñ³ñí³Í: ߳ϻÉ:
forehead [΄fɒrid] n ׳ϳï. retreating ~ ûù forerunner [΄fɔ:rΛnə] n ݳËÝÇ, ݳ˳ϳ-
׳ϳï: ñ³å»ï. ÑÇÙݳ¹Çñ. ݳ˳·áõß³Ï:
foreign [΄fɒrin] a ûï³ñ»ñÏñÛ³, ûï³ñ. ³ñ- foresee [fɔ:΄si:] v ݳ˳ï»ë»É, ϳÝ˳ï»-
ï³ùÇÝ, ³ñï³ë³ÑÙ³ÝÛ³Ý. ~ language ë»É:
ûï³ñ É»½áõ. ~ affairs ³ñï³ùÇÝ ·áñÍ»ñ. ~ forseeable [fɔ:΄si:əbl] a ϳÝ˳ï»ë»ÉÇ. in
secretary ³ñï³ùÇÝ ·áñÍ»ñÇ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñ the ~ future Ùáï³Ï³/ϳÝ˳ï»ë»ÉÇ ³å³-
·³ÛáõÙ:
(Ø´). ~ service ¹Çí³Ý³·Çï³Ï³Ý ͳé³Ûáõ-
ÃÛáõÝ. ~ office ³ñï³ùÇÝ ·áñÍ»ñÇ Ý³Ë³-
foreshadow [fɔ:΄∫ædəu] v ݳ˳Ýß³Ý Ñ³Ý-
¹Çë³Ý³É/ÉÇÝ»É:
ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ relations ³ñï³ùÇÝ Ñ³ñ³μ»-
ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. ~ policy/trade/exchange/market
foresight [΄fɔ:sait] n ϳÝ˳ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ,
Ñ»é³ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ:
³ñï³ùÇÝ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ/³é¨ïáõñ/
³ñï³ñÅáõÛÃ/ßáõϳ. ~ goods Ý»ñÙáõÍí³Í
forest [΄fɒrist]1. n ³Ýï³é. dence, thick/gloo-
my/ impenetrable ~ ËÇï/Ùé³ÛÉ/³Ý³Ýó³Ý»ÉÇ
³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñ. ~ literature ³ñï³ë³ÑÙ³ÝÛ³Ý
³Ýï³é. pine ~ ëá×áõ ³Ýï³é, ëá×áõï. 2. a
·ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ intelligence ûï³ñ»ñÏñÛ³
³Ýï³éÇ, ³Ýï³é³ÛÇÝ. a ~ of chimneys
Ñ»ï³Ëáõ½áõÃÛáõÝ. ~ news Éáõñ»ñ ³ñï-
÷Ëμ. ÍËÝ»Éáõ۽ݻñÇ ³Ýï³é:
»ñÏñÝ»ñÇó. (ûï³ñ. Ëáñà ) a ~ body μÅßÏ.
forestall [fɔ:΄stɔ:l] v ϳÝË»É. ³é³ç ÁÝÏÝ»É/
ûï³ñ Ù³ñÙÇÝ. ~ custom ³Ýëáíáñ/ûï³ñ
³ÝóÝ»É. ~ disaster ¹Åμ³ËïáõÃÛáõÝÁ ϳÝ-
ëáíáñáõÛÃ. ~ to one’s nature Ù»ÏÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ
Ë»É. He ~ed me ܳ ÇÝÓ Ï³ÝË»ó:
ËáñÃ/³Ýëáíáñ: forester [΄fɒristə] n ³Ýï³é³å³Ñ, ³Ýï³-
foreigner [΄fɒrənə] n ûï³ñ»ñÏñ³óÇ, ûï³- é³μݳÏ:
ñ³Ï³Ý. ÏáÕÙݳÏÇ ³ÝÓ: forestry [΄fɒristri] n ³Ýï³é³μáõÍáõÃÛáõÝ.
foreknow [fɔ:΄nəu] v ݳËûñáù/ݳ˳å»ë ~ officer ³Ýï³é³å»ï:
ÇٳݳÉ: forfeiture [΄fɔ:fit∫ə] n Ïáñáõëï, ½ñÏáõÙ,
foreknowledge [‚fɔ:΄nɒlidз] n ݳ˳ï»- ï³Ýç³Ýù. ~ of a right/claim Çñ³íáõÝùÇó
ëáõÃÛáõÝ, ϳÝ˳ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ: ½ñÏ»ÉÁ, ѳÛóÁ Ù»ñÅ»ÉÁ. ~ of basic rights ÑÇÙ-
foreland [΄fɔ:lənd] n Ññí³Ý¹³Ý, ³é³÷ÝÛ³ Ý³Ï³Ý Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇó ½ñÏ»ÉÁ:
ß»ñï: foretaste [΄fɔ:teist] n ϳÝ˳׳߳ϻÉ, ϳÝ-
foreman [΄fɔ:mən] n í³ñå»ï, ³ßËÕ»Ï. ~ ˳í³Û»É»É:
of the jury Çñ³í. »ñ¹íÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ ³í³· ³Ý- foretell [fɔ:΄tel] v ϳÝ˳·áõ߳ϻÉ:
¹³Ù: foretoken [΄fɔ:‚təukn] n ݳ˳Ýß³Ý, ϳÝ-
foremast [΄fɔ:ma:st] n ³é³ç³Ï³ÛÙ: ˳Ýß³Ý:
foremost [΄fɔ:məust] 1. a ³éç¨Ç, ³é³ç³- forever [fər΄evə] adv ÁݹÙÇßï, ѳíÇïÛ³Ý,
íáñ. ÑÇÙݳϳÝ, ³Ù»Ý³·É˳íáñ. the ~ ³éѳí»ï:
writer ³é³ç³íáñ/Ëáßáñ ·ñáÕ: 2. adv Ý³Ë forewarn [fɔ:΄wɔ:n] v ݳ˳½·áõß³óÝ»É,
¨ ³é³ç. (ݳ¨ first and ~): ½·áõß³óÝ»É. ~ed is forearmed ܳ˳½·áõ-
forenoon [΄fɔ:nu:n] n ÙÇÝãÏ»ëûñÛ³ ųٳ- ß³óí³Í Ý߳ݳÏáõÙ ¿ ݳ˳½ÇÝí³Í:
ݳÏ. ³é³íáï: foreword [΄fɔ:wə:d] n ³é³ç³μ³Ý, ݳ˳-
forensic [fə΄rensik] a ¹³ï³Ï³Ý. ~ doctor μ³Ý, Ý»ñ³Í³Ï³Ý:
¹³ï³Ï³Ý μÅÇßÏ. ~ medicine ¹³ï³Ï³Ý forfeit [΄fɔ:fit] n ïáõ·³Ýù. ·ñ³í³Ë³Õ,
μÅßÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ science ¹³ï³Ï³Ý ÷áñÓ³- ý³Ýï. play at ~ ý³Ýï ˳ճÉ. pay a ~ ïáõ-
·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ, ÏñÇÙÇݳÉÇëïÇϳ. ~ scientist ·³Ýù í׳ñ»É. His life was the ~ of his crime
¹³ï³Ï³Ý ÷áñÓ³·»ï, ÏñÇÙÇݳÉÇëï: ܳ Çñ ѳÝó³ÝùÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ÏÛ³Ýùáí ѳïáõ-
foreordain [‚fɔ:rɔ:΄dein] v ݳ˳ë³ÑÙ³- ó»ó:
forfeit 339 former

forfeit [΄fɔ:fit] v ÏáñóÝ»É, ïáõÅ»É, Çñ³íáõÝ- musical/old-fashioned ~ ·ñ³Ï³Ý, »ñ³Åßï³-


ùÇó ½ñÏí»É. ~ one’s property ë»÷³Ï³Ýáõ- ϳÝ/Ñݳá× Ó¨. take various ~s ï³ñμ»ñ Ó¨»ñ
ÃÛáõÝÁ ÏáñóÝ»É. ~ the respect of one’s friends ÁݹáõÝ»É. legal/statutory ~ Çñ³í³Ï³Ý Ó¨. be
ÁÝÏ»ñÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ñ·³ÝùÁ ÏáñóÝ»É. ~ a point in good ~ ɳí Ó¨Ç Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É. in due ~, in the
Ùñ½. Ùdzíáñ ÏáñóÝ»É: proper ~ å³ïß³× Ó¨áí/ ϳñ·áí. (¹³ë³-
forfeiture [΄fɔ:fit∫ə] n Çñ³í. μéݳ·ñ³íáõÙ, ñ³Ý) the first/second ~ ³é³çÇÝ/ »ñÏñáñ¹ ¹³-
½ñÏáõÙ: ë³ñ³Ý. (ϳ½Ùí³Íù) slender ~ Ýáõñμ
forge [fɔ:dз] n ¹³ñμÝáó: ϳ½Ùí³Íù. (í³ñí»É³Ï³ñ·) a matter of ~
forge [fɔ:dз] v ¹³ñμÝ»É, Ïé»É. ÷Ëμ. ÑáñÇÝ»É, ѳݹÇë³Ï³ñ·Ç ѳñó. bad ~ ³Ýμ³ñ»ÏÇñÃ
ë³ñù»É. Ï»ÕÍ»É. ~d document Ï»ÕÍí³Í í³ñù. fill in a ~ ѳñó³Ã»ñÃ/ Ó¨ Éñ³óÝ»É:
÷³ëï³ÃáõÕÃ. ~d note Ï»ÕÍ ÙáõñѳÏ/ form [fɔ:m] v ϳ½Ù»É. ~ a sentence ݳ˳¹³-
ÃÕó¹ñ³Ù. ~ ahead ³é³ç³Ý³É. Ùñ½. ³é³ç ëáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³½Ù»É. (Ó¨³íáñ»É) ~ out of clay/
³ÝóÝ»É: stone/wood ϳíÇó/ù³ñÇó /÷³ÛïÇó Ó¨³íá-
forger [΄fɔ:dзə] n ÷³ëï³ÃÕûñ Ï»ÕÍáÕ. ñ»É. (ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñå»É, ëï»ÕÍ»É) ~ a committee
¹ñ³Ù³Ý»Ý·: ÏáÙÇï» ëï»ÕÍ»É. ~ a theory ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ
forgery [΄fɔ:dзəri] n Ï»ÕÍÇù, ˳ñ¹³ËáõÙ. Ó¨³íáñ»É. ~ a habit ëáíáñáõÛà Ù߳ϻÉ. ~ a
Ï»ÕÍ ÷³ëï³ÃáõÕÃ/ëïáñ³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ government ϳé³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝ Ó¨³íáñ»É.
coins Ï»ÕÍ Ù»ï³Õ³¹ñ³Ù: (½³ñ·³Ý³É, ³é³ç³Ý³É) Crystals ~ed ´Ûáõ-
forget [fə΄get] v Ùáé³Ý³É. He always ~s dates ñ»ÕÝ»ñ ³é³ç³ó³Ý:
ܳ ÙÇßï Ùáé³ÝáõÙ ¿ ³Ùë³Ãí»ñÁ. ~ oneself formal [΄fɔ:ml] a Ó¨³Ï³Ý, å³ßïáݳϳÝ.
Çñ»Ý Ù³ëÇÝ Ùáé³Ý³É. a never to be forgotten ~ reception /dinner/ style å³ßïáÝ³Ï³Ý ÁÝ-
day ³ÝÙáé³Ý³ÉÇ ûñ. F~ it! Øáé³óÇ°ñ, ¹³ ¹áõÝ»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ/׳ßÏ»ñáõÛÃ/á×. ~ rules Ó¨³-
ϳñ¨áñ ã¿: Ï³Ý Ï³ÝáÝÝ»ñ. ~ logic Ó¨³Ï³Ý ïñ³Ù³μ³-
forgetful [fə΄getfl] a Ùáé³óÏáï. How ~ ! ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ meeting å³ßïáÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ý¹Ç-
ƯÝã Ùáé³óÏáïáõÃÛáõÝ: åáõÙ. ~ dress »ñ»ÏáÛ³Ý Ñ³·áõëï. be very ~
forgetfulness [fə΄getflnəs] n Ùáé³óÏáïáõ- ËÇëï Ó¨³ÙáÉ ÉÇÝ»É:
ÃÛáõÝ: formalism [΄fɔ:m(ə)liz(ə)m] n Ó¨³ÙáÉáõ-
forget me-not [fə΄getminɒt] n μëμ. ÃÛáõÝ, Ó¨³å³ßïáõÃÛáõÝ:
³ÝÙáéáõÏ; formalit/y [fɔ:΄mæləti] n Ó¨³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ,
forgive [fə΄giv] v Ý»ñ»É. F~ me Ü»ñ»ó»ù ÇÝÓ: å³ßïáݳϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ. the (necessary) ~ies
forgiveness [fə΄givnəs] n Ý»ñáõÙ, ³ÝùÇݳ- (³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï) ϳñ·. legal ~ies ¹³ï³Ï³Ý/
ËݹñáõÃÛáõÝ: Çñ³í³Ï³Ý Ó¨³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. without fur-
forgiving [fə΄giviŋ] a Ý»ñáÕ³ÙÇï, ٻͳÑá- ther ~ies ³é³Ýó ѻﳷ³ Ó¨³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ-
·Ç: Ý»ñÇ. It’s just a ~ ¸³ å³ñ½³å»ë Ó¨³Ï³-
forgotten [fə΄gɒtn] a Ùáé³óí³Í: ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ¿:
fork [fɔ:k] n å³ï³é³ù³Õ. ·Õï. »Õ³Ý. format [fɔ:΄mæt] n ýáñÙ³ï. ÑÙÏñ·.
׳Ù÷³μ³Å³Ý, ×ÛáõÕ³íáñáõÙ. tuning ~ Ó¨³ã³÷:
»ñÅß. ϳٻñïáÝ: formation [fɔ:΄mei∫n] n ϳ½ÙáõÙ, Ó¨³íá-
fork [fɔ:k] v ×ÛáõÕ³íáñí»É. »Õ³Ýáí ³ß˳- ñáõÙ. the ~ of a government Ïé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý
ï»É. ~ hay ËáïÁ »Õ³Ýáí ˳éÝ»É. The road Ó¨³íáñáõÙÁ. the ~ of a plan Íñ³·ñÇ Ùß³Ïáõ-
~s here ֳݳå³ñÑÁ ×ÛáõÕ³íáñíáõÙ ¿ ³Ûë- ÙÁ. the ~ of character μݳíáñáõÃÛ³Ý Ó¨³íá-
ï»Õ: ñáõÙ. (ϳéáõóí³Íù) the ~ of a soil ÑáÕÇ
forked [fɔ:kt] a ×»Õùí³Í, ×ÛáõÕ³íáñí³Í. ~ ϳ½ÙáõÃÛáõÝÁ. é½Ù. ½áñ³ß³ñí³Íù. battle ~
tail ×ÛáõÕ³íáñí³Í åáã: Ù³ñï³Ï³Ý ½áñ³ß³ñí³Íù:
forlorn [fə΄lɔ:n] a ÉùÛ³É, Ùáé³óí³Í. Ë»Õ×, formative [΄fɔ:mətiv] a Ó¨³íáñáÕ. a ~ influ-
¹Åμ³Ëï. ~ smile/attempt ËÕ×áõÏ ÅåÇï/ ence Ó¨³íáñáÕ ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ:
÷áñÓ. a ~ hope ³Õáï ÑáõÛë: former [΄fɔ:mə] a ݳËÏÇÝ, ³Ýó³Í. a ~
form [fɔ:m] n Ó¨, Ó¨³ÃáõÕÃ. in abridged ~ friend ݳËÏÇÝ ÁÝÏ»ñ. in ~ times ݳËÏÇÝ
Ïñ׳ï Ó¨áí. in the ~ of Ó¨áí. (ï»ë³Ï) literary/ ųٳݳÏÝ»ñáõÙ. (ݳËáñ¹) the ~ speaker
formerly 340 forward

ݳËáñ¹ ½»ÏáõóáÕÁ. the ~ of the two names μ³Ã Ñ»ïá ³Ûë ûñÁ. take a ~’s leave »ñÏáõ
Ýßí³Í (»ñÏáõ) ³ÝáõÝÝ»ñÇó ³é³çÇÝÁ: ß³μ³Ãáí ³ñÓ³Ïáõñ¹ í»ñóÝ»É:
formerly [΄fɔ:məli] adv ݳËÏÇÝáõÙ, ³é³ç: fortnightly [΄fɔ:tnaitli] a »ñÏß³μ³ÃÛ³. »ñ-
formidable [΄fɔ:midəbl] a Ý߳ݳϳÉÇ, Ïáõ ß³μ³ÃÁ Ù»Ï ³Ý·³Ù:
Ñëϳ۳ϳÝ. ¹Åí³ñ, ³Ñ»Õ, ³Ñ³ñÏáõ. a ~ fortress [΄fɔ:trəs] n ³Ùñáó, μ»ñ¹:
person ³Ñ»Õ Ù³ñ¹. a ~ task ¹Åí³ñÇÝ ËݹÇñ: fortuitous [fɔ:΄tju:itəs] a å³ï³Ñ³Ï³Ý:
formless [΄fɔ:mləs] a ³ÝÓ¨, ïÓ¨: fortuity [fɔ:΄tju:iti] n å³ï³Ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
form-master [΄fɔ:m‚ma:stə] n ¹³ë³ñ³ÝÇ fortunate [΄fɔ:t∫ənət] a »ñç³ÝÇÏ Ñ³çáÕ,
ջϳí³ñ, ¹³ëÕ»Ï: μ³ñ»Ýå³ëï. a ~ day »ñç³ÝÇÏ ûñ. be ~ in
formula [΄fɔ:mjulə] n μ³Ý³Ó¨. ¹»Õ³ïáÙë: life ÏÛ³Ýùáõ٠ѳçáÕ³Ï ÉÇÝ»É. It was ~ for
formulate [΄fɔ:mjuleit] v Ó¨³Ï»ñå»É, ë³Ñ- you Ò»ñ μ³ËïÁ μ»ñ»ó:
ٳݻÉ, ß³ñ³¹ñ»É: fortunately [΄fɔ:t∫ənətli] adv μ³ñ»μ³Ëï³-
formulation [‚fɔ:mju΄lei∫n] n Ó¨³Ï»ñåáõÙ, μ³ñ:
ë³ÑÙ³ÝáõÙ: fortune [΄fɔ:t∫ən] n μ³Ëï. good/ill, bad ~ ѳ-
fornication [‚fɔ:ni΄kei∫n] n ³ÙáõëÝ³Ï³Ý çáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, μ³Ëï. ³ÝѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ,
³Ýѳí³ï³ñÙáõÃÛáõÝ. ¹³í³×³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: ¹Åμ³ËïáõÃÛáõÝ: seek one’s ~ μ³Ëï áñáÝ»É.
forsake [fə΄seik] v ÃáÕÝ»É, Éù»É: try one’s ~ μ³ËïÁ ÷áñÓ»É. tell smb’s ~ μ³Ë-
forsooth [fə΄su:θ] adv Ñ»·Ý. Çëϳå»ë, ÑÇ- ïÁ ·áõ߳ϻÉ. (ѳñëïáõÃÛáõÝ) make a ~
ñ³íÇ, ³ÝϳëϳÍ: ѳñëïáõÃÛáõÝ/ϳñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ ¹Ç½»É. It’s
forswear [fɔ:΄sweə] v Ññ³Å³ñí»É. áõËï³- worth a small ~ ¸³ ÙÇ ³ÙμáÕç ϳñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ
¹ñáõÅ ÉÇÝ»É: ¿: spend a ~ ÑëÏ³Û³Ï³Ý ÷áÕ»ñ ͳËë»É.
fort [fɔ:t] n é½Ù. ³Ùñáó, μ»ñ¹³Ù³ë: come into a ~ ųé³Ý·áõÃÛáõÝ ëï³Ý³É. by
forth [fɔ:θ] adv ¹»åÇ ³é³ç. back and ~ Ñ»ï good ~ μ³ñ»μ³Ëï³μ³ñ, »ñç³ÝÇÏ å³ï³-
áõ ³é³ç. from that day ~ ³Û¹ ûñí³ÝÇó ѳϳÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ:
ëÏë³Í. and so ~ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ: fortuneless [΄fɔ:t∫ənləs] a ³Õù³ï,
forthcoming [fɔ:θ΄kΛmiŋ] a ³é³çÇϳ, ¹Åμ³Ëï, Ó³Ëáñ¹:
ëå³ëíáÕ, ·³ÉÇù. the ~ visit/departure/elec- fortune-teller [΄fɔ:t∫ən‚telə] n μ³Ëï³-
tions/talks ëå³ëíáÕ ³Ûó»ÉáõÃÛáõÝÁ/ Ù»ÏÝáõ- ·áõß³Ï, ·áõß³Ï:
ÙÁ. ³é³çÇϳ ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ/μ³Ý³Ïóáõ- forty [΄fɔ:ti] num ù³é³ëáõÝ:
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ: forum [΄fɔ:rəm] n å³ïÙ. ýáñáõÙ, Ññ³å³-
forthcoming [fɔ:θ΄kΛmiŋ] n Ùáï»Ý³ÉÁ, ñ³Ï ÐÇÝ ÐéáÙáõÙ. ɳÛÝ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõó-
»ñ¨³ÉÁ: ã³Ï³Ý ÅáÕáí, ѳٳÅáÕáí. international ~
forthright [΄fɔ:θrait] a ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ, ßÇï³Ï: ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³ÅáÕáí. the ~ of public
forthwith [‚fɔ:θ΄wiθ] adv ³ÝÙÇç³å»ë, opinion ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ϳñÍÇùÇ ¹³-
³Ýѳå³Õ, ÇëÏáõÛÝ: ï³ñ³Ý. competent ~ Çñ³í³ëáõ ¹³ï³ñ³Ý:
forties [΄fɔ:tiz] n pl ù³é³ëáõÝ³Ï³Ý Ãí³- forward [΄fɔ:wəd] n Ùñ½. ýáñí³ñ¹, ѳñ-
ϳÝÝ»ñÁ. He’s in his~ ܳ ù³é³ëáõÝÝ ³Ýó Ó³ÏíáÕ. centre ~ Ï»ÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ñÓ³Ï-
¿. in early/late ~ ù³é³ëáõݳϳÝÝ»ñÇ íáÕ. the ~ line ѳñÓ³ÏáõÙ:
ëϽμáõÙ/í»ñçáõÙ£ forward [΄fɔ:wəd] a ³éç¨Ç. í³Õ³Å³Ù, í³-
fortieth [΄fɔ:tiəθ] num ù³é³ëáõÝ»ñáñ¹. ù³- ճѳë. the ~ rows ³éç¨Ç ß³ñù»ñÁ. ~ spring
é³ëáõÝ»ñáñ¹ Ù³ëÁ: í³Õ ·³ñáõÝ. an unusually ~ child Çñ ï³ñÇ-
fortification [‚fɔ:tifi΄kei∫n] n é½Ù. ³Ùñáõ- ùÇó ß³ï ³í»ÉÇ Ñ³ëáõÝ/½³ñ·³ó³Í »ñ»-
ÃÛáõÝ, ³Ùñ³ßÇÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~s ³ÙñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: ˳. ~ planning Ñ»é³Ýϳñ³ÛÇÝ Íñ³·Çñ. ~
fortify [΄fɔ:tifai] v é½Ù. ³Ùñ³óÝ»É, ³Ùñ³- prices ³å³·³ÛÇ ·Ý»ñÁ:
åݹ»É. ~ a town ³Ùñ³óÝ»É ù³Õ³ùÁ: forward [΄fɔ:wəd] adv ³é³ç. go/run/lean ~
fortitude [΄fɔ:titju:d] n ϳÛáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ïá- ³é³ç ·Ý³É/í³½»É/ûùí»É. backward(s) and
ÏáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ: ~(s) лï áõ ³é³ç. F~ march! é½Ù. ø³ÛÉáí
fortnight [΄fɔ:tnait] n »ñÏáõ ß³μ³Ã. in a ~ Ù³°ñß. from this time ~ ëÏë³Í ³Û¹ ųٳݳ-
»ñÏáõ ß³μ³ÃÇó. a ~ today áõÕÇÕ »ñÏáõ ß³- ÏÇó. come ~ to help ÷Ëμ. û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ·³É.
forward 341 fracture

bring ~ Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É, ³é³ç ù³ß»É. push one- ·áñÍ³Ï³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ) ÑÇÙݳ¹ñ³Ù:


self ~ Çñ»Ý ³é³ç ·ó»É, ³ãùÇ ³é³ç ÉÇÝ»É: founder [΄faundə] n ÑÇÙݳ¹Çñ:
forward [΄fɔ:wəd] v áõÕ³ñÏ»É, ³é³ù»É. founder [΄faundə] n ÓáõÉáñ¹, ÓáõÉáÕ μ³Ý-
ûųݹ³Ï»É, ³ç³Ïó»É. ~ letter/goods ݳ- íáñ:
Ù³Ï/³åñ³Ýù ³é³ù»É. “please ~ “ (ݳٳÏÇ foundling [΄faundliŋ] n ·ïÝí³Í »ñ»Ë³,
íñ³) ”ËݹñáõÙ »Ù áõÕ³ñϻɔ. ~ smb’s plans ÁÝÏ»óÇÏ:
³ç³Ïó»É Ù»ÏÇ Íñ³·ñ»ñÇ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÙ³ÝÁ: foundry [΄faundri] n Óáõɳñ³Ý, ÓáõÉÙ³Ý
forwards [΄fɔ:wədz] adv ¹»åÇ ³é³ç, ó»Ë. ÓáõÉáõÙ, ÓáõÉí³Íù:
³é³ç: fountain [΄fauntin] n ß³ïñí³Ý. ÷Ëμ.
fossil [΄fɒsl] n ÑÝμ. μñ³Íá (ϻݹ³ÝÇ, μáõÛë). ³ÕμÛáõñ:
an old ~ ÷Ëμ. ÑÇÝ ·³Õ³÷³ñÝ»ñÇ ï»ñ fountain-head [΄fauntinhed] n ëϽμݳÕμ-
Ù³ñ¹: Ûáõñ, ëϽμݳå³ï׳é:
foster [΄fɒstə] a ËáñÃ, áã ѳñ³½³ï. ~ fountain-pen [΄fauntinpen] n ÇÝùݳÑáë
brother/ sister ϳÃÝ»Õμ³Ûñ, Ëáñà »Õμ³Ûñ. ·ñÇã:
ϳÃݳùáõÛñ, Ëáñà ùáõÛñ. ~ child Ñá·»½³- four [fɔ:] num ãáñë. number ~ ѳٳñ/ÃÇí
í³Ï. ~ father/mother Ñ᷻ѳÛñ, Ñá·»Ù³Ûñ. ~ ãáñë. chapter ~ ãáññáñ¹ ·ÉáõË. the ~ corners
son áñ¹»·ñ³Í, áñ¹»·Çñ: of the earth »ñÏñÇ ãáñë ÏáÕÙ»ñÁ. go on all ~s
foster [΄fɒstə] v ËݳٻÉ, ٻͳóÝ»É, ¹³ë- ãáñ»ùóà ³Ý»É. ~ engined ù³é³ß³ñÅÇã. ~
ïdzñ³Ï»É. ÷³Û÷³Û»É, ï³Í»É. Ýå³ëï»É, fold ù³é³å³ïÇÏ. ~ wheeled ù³é³ÝÇí:
Ëñ³Ëáõë»É. ~ the orphan áñμÇÝ ËݳٻÉ. ~ four-footed [‚fɔ:΄futid] a ãáñëáï³ÝÇ:
hatred/hope ³ï»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ/ÑáõÛë ï³Í»É. ~ tal- four-seater [‚fɔ:΄si:tə] n ãáñëï»Õ³ÝÇ, ù³-
ent ³ç³Ïó»É ï³Õ³Ý¹Ç ½³ñ·³óÙ³ÝÁ: é³ï»Õ. a ~ car ãáñëï»Õ³ÝÇ Ù»ù»Ý³:
foul [faul] n Ùñ½. ϳÝáÝÝ»ñÇ Ë³ËïáõÙ, ýáÉ: four-square [‚fɔ:΄skweə] a ù³é³ÏáõëÇ:
foul [faul] a Ï»Õïáï, ·³ñß»ÉÇ. ËëÏó. ß³ï fourteen [‚fɔ:΄ti:n] num ï³ëÝãáñë:
í³ï. ~ language ѳÛÑáÛ³Ýù. ~ temper/deed/
fourteenth [‚fɔ:΄ti:nθ] num ï³ëÝãáñë»-
ñáñ¹:
weather ½½í»ÉÇ μݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ, Ï»Õïáï
³ñ³ñù, ß³ï í³ï »Õ³Ý³Ï. a ~ smell
fourth [fɔ:θ] num n ãáññáñ¹:
ïѳ×/·³ñß»ÉÇ Ñáï. ~ air/water ³Õïáïí³Í
fowl [faul] n ÃéãáõÝ (ÁÝï³ÝÇ). keep ~s ÃéãáõÝ
å³Ñ»É. wild ~ í³ÛñÇ ÃéãáõÝ:
û¹/çáõñ. ~ journey ³ÝѳçáÕ ×³Ý³å³ñÑáñ-
¹áõÃÛáõÝ. ~ mouthed ½³½ñ³Ëáë. (Ë××í³Í )
fox [fɒks] n ³Õí»ë. dog ~ áñÓ ³Õí»ë. silver ~
먳·áñß ³Õí»ë ~ fur ³Õí»ëÇ ÙáñÃÇ. ~ hunt
The rope is ~ ä³ñ³ÝÁ Ë××í»É ¿. fall ~ of
³Õí»ë³áñë. ~ earth ³Õí»ëÇ áñç/ μáõÝ. a sly
smth/smb Ù»ÏÇ/ÙÇ μ³ÝÇ Ñ»ï ³Ýѳßï
~ ÷Ëμ. Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏ ³Õí»ë:
³Ýѳٻñ³ßË ÉÇÝ»É. (³Ý³½ÝÇí) ~ play
fox-terrier [΄fɒks‚teriə] n ýáùëï»ñÛ»ñ:
³Ý³½ÝÇí ˳Õ. ËëÏó. ³Ñ³íáñ a ~ morn-
foxy [΄fɒksi] a ³Õí»ëÇ, ³Õí»ë³ÛÇÝ. ÷Ëμ.
ing/taste ³Ñ³íáñ ³é³íáï/׳߳Ï:
Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏ. ßÇϳϳñÙÇñ:
foul [faul] v Ï»Õïáï»É, ³Õïáï»É. Ë××»É. foyer [΄fɔiei] n óïñ. ×»Ù³ëñ³Ñ, ýáÛ»:
The anchor is ~ed ʳñÇëËÁ Ë××í»É ¿: fracas [΄fræka:] n ³ÕÙáõÏ, ÅËáñ. ³ÕÙϳÉÇ
found [faund] v ÑÇÙݳ¹ñ»É, ëï»ÕÍ»É. ~ a ÏéÇí/í»×:
city/a university ù³Õ³ù/ѳٳÉë³ñ³Ý ÑÇÙ- fraction [΄fræk∫n] n Ù³Ã. Ïáïáñ³Ï. com-
Ý»É. ~ a school of thought ÷ÇÉÇëá÷³Û³Ï³Ý mon/proper/decimal/improper ~ ѳë³ñ³Ï/
ѳٳϳñ·/¹åñáó ëï»ÕÍ»É. well ~ed ϳÝáݳíáñ/ï³ëÝáñ¹³Ï³Ý/³ÝϳÝáÝ Ïá-
ÑÇÙݳíáñ, ѳëï³ïáõÝ: ïáñ³Ï. (Ù³ëÝÇÏ, μ»Ïáñ, μ³ÅÇÝ) a ~ of a
founded [faundid] a ÑÇÙݳíáñí³Í. ill ~ second í³ÛñÏÛ³ÝÇ Ù³ëÝÇÏ£
í³ï ÑÇÙݳíáñí³Í, ³ÝѳÙá½Çã. well ~ fractional [΄fræk∫nəl] a Ïáïáñ³Ï³ÛÇÝ:
ɳí ÑÇÙݳíáñí³Í, ѳÙá½Çã: fractious [΄fræk∫əs] a ùٳѳ×, ¹Ûáõñ³-
foundation [faun΄dei∫n] n ÑÇÙù, lay the s ·ñ·Çé:
ÑÇÙù ·ó»É (ݳ¨ ÷Ëμ. ). The rumour has no ~ fracture [΄frækt∫ə] n μÅßÏ. Ïáïñí³Íù.
²Ûë ßßáõÏÝ»ñÁ/Éáõñ»ñÁ ³ÝÑÇÙÝ »Ý. ~ stone ×»Õù, ׳ù. simple/compound ~ ѳë³ñ³Ï/
ÑÇÙݳù³ñ. peace ~ ˳ճÕáõÃÛ³Ý (μ³ñ»- μ³ñ¹ Ïáïñí³Íù:
fracture 342 free

fracture [΄frækt∫ə] v Ïáïñ(í)»É, ç³ñ¹(í)»É. ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ):


÷ßñ»É, Ù³Ýñ»É: frank [fræŋk] a ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ. ³ÝÙÇç³Ï³Ý, å³ñ-
fractured [΄frækt∫ə(r)d] a Ïáïñí³Í. a ~ rib ½³ëÇñï. be ~ ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ ³ë³Í. a ~ opinion
ÏáÕáëÏñÇ ç³ñ¹í³Íù: ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ Ï³ñÍÇù:
fragile [΄frædзæil] a ÷ËñáõÝ, ¹Ûáõñ³μ»Ï. frankfurter [΄fræŋkfə:tə] n Ýñμ»ñßÇÏ:
ùÝùáõß, Ýáõñμ, ÏáïñíáÕ: frankly [΄fræŋkli] adv ³ÝÏ»ÕÍáñ»Ý:
fragility [frə΄dзiləti] n ¹Ûáõñ³μ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝ, frankness [΄fræŋknəs] n ³ÝÏ»ÕÍáõÃÛáõÝ, ßÇ-
÷ËñáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ϳñ׳ï¨áõÃÛáõÝ: ï³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
fragment [΄frægmənt] n μ»Ïáñ, Ïïáñ. frantic [΄fræntik] a ˻ɳѻÕ, ϳï³ÕÇ,
ѳïí³Í, Ù³ë. a ~ of novel ѳïí³Í í»- μáõéÝ. drive smn ~ ˻ɳ·³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ëó-
åÇó. ~s of a vase ͳÕϳٳÝÇ μ»ÏáñÝ»ñ. Ý»É. be in a ~ hurry ËÇëï ßï³å»É. be ~ in the
~s of conversation/paper ½ñáõÛóÇ ³é³ÝÓÇÝ office áõųëå³é ÉÇÝ»É/ë³ëïÇÏ Ñá·Ý»É
ѳïí³ÍÝ»ñ. ÃÕÃÇ ÏïáñÝ»ñ. a ~ of a cake ÑÇÙݳñÏáõÙ:
ïáñÃÇ å³ï³éÇÏ: fraternal [frə΄tə:nl] a »Õμ³Ûñ³Ï³Ý:
fragmentary [΄frægməntəri] a ѳïí³Í³- fraternity [frə΄tə:nəti] n »Õμ³ÛñáõÃÛáõÝ:
ϳÝ, ÁݹѳïáõÙÝ»ñáí. ÷Ëμ. ÏóÏïáõñ: fraternize [΄frætənaiz] v »Õμ³Ûñ³Ý³É:
fragrance [΄freigrəns] n μáõñÙáõÝù, ³Ýáõß³- fratricide [΄frætrisaid] n »Õμ³Ûñ³-
ÑáïáõÃÛáõÝ: ëå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, »Õμ³Ûñ³ëå³Ý£
fragrant [΄freigrənt] a μáõñ³í»ï, ³Ýáõ- fraud [frɔ:d] n ˳μ»áõÃÛáõÝ, ˳ñ¹³Ëáõ-
ß³Ñáï. ~ flowers ³Ýáõß³Ñáï ͳÕÇÏÝ»ñ: ÃÛáõÝ. ˳μ»μ³, ëñÇϳ. by ~ ˳μ»áõÃÛ³Ùμ.
frail [freil] a ¹Ûáõñ³μ»Ï, ÷ËñáõÝ. ÃáõÛÉ. ³Ý- bank ~ μ³ÝϳÛÇÝ Ë³ñ¹³ËáõÃÛáõÝ. tax ~
ϳÛáõÝ: ѳñϳÛÇÝ Ë³ñ¹³ËáõÃÛáõÝ:
frame [freim] n ßñç³Ý³Ï, ϳñϳë. ϳéáõó- fraudulent [frɔ:djulənt] a ˳ñ¹³Ë, ݻݷ,
í³Íù. the ~ of a picture ÝϳñÇ ßñç³Ý³ÏÁ. ~ ݻݷ³íáñ. by ~ means ˳μ»áõÃÛ³Ùμ. ~
of a building ß»ÝùÇ Ï³éáõóí³ÍùÁ. ~ of life bankruptsy Ï»ÕÍ ëݳÝϳóáõÙ. ~ gains ³Ý-
³åñ»É³Ï»ñå. ~ of mind Ùï³Í»É³Ï»ñå. in ûñÇݳϳÝ/³åûñÇÝÇ »Ï³ÙáõïÝ»ñ:
a cheerful ~ of mind μ³ñÓñ ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý fraught [frɔ:t] a ÉÇ, Éóí³Í. ~ with hatred/dan-
Ù»ç. time ~ ųٳݳϳѳïí³Í. (Ù³ñÙÇÝ) ger ³ï»ÉáõÃÛ³Ùμ/íï³Ý·áí ÉÇ:
have a large ~ Ëáßáñ ϳ½Ùí³Íù áõݻݳÉ. ~ fray [frei] n ³ÕÙϳÉÇ í»×/ÏéÇí. rush into the
of eyeglasses ³ÏÝáóÇ ßñç³Ý³Ï. embroidery ~ ~ ÏéíÇ Ù»ç ÁÝÏÝ»É:
³ë»Õݳ·áñÍ³Ï³Ý ßñç³Ý³Ï: fray [frei] a Ù³ßí³Í, ùñùñí³Í (»½ñ). a ~ed
frame [freim] v ßñç³Ý³Ï»É, ßñç³å³ï»É. collar Ù³ßí³Í ûÓÇù. ~ed cuffs Ù³ßí³Í/
ϳ½Ù»É, ϳéáõó»É. ~ a sentence ݳ˳¹³- ùñùñí³Í û½³ÝÇù (Ù³ÝÅ»ï)£
ëáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³½Ù»É. ~ a plan Íñ³·Çñ Ù߳ϻÉ. ~ fray [frei] v Ù³ßí»É, ùñùñí»É. My nerves are ~
a picture ÝϳñÁ ßñç³Ý³ÏÇ Ù»ç ¹Ý»É. ed ÷Ëμ. ÜÛ³ñ¹»ñë ù³Ûù³Ûí»É »Ý:
frame up [΄freimΛp] n ËëÏó. Ï»ÕÍ Ù»Õ³¹- frazzle [΄fræzl] n Ù³ßí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. worn to a ~
ñ³Ýù. ~ up a case ·áñÍ ”ë³ñù»É”: μáÉáñáíÇÝ Ù³ßí³Í:
framework [΄freimwə:k] n ßñç³Ý³Ï, freak [fri:k] n Ññ»ß, ³Ûɳݹ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ of
ÏÙ³Ëù. ÑÇÙù, ϳéáõóí³Íù. the ~ of the nature μÝáõÃÛ³Ý ë˳É. a ~ weather/results ³ñ-
committee ÏáÙÇï»Ç ϳéáõóí³ÍùÁ. within ï³ëáíáñ »Õ³Ý³Ï, ³Ýëå³ë»ÉÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝù:
the ~ of law ûñ»ÝùÇ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ. legal ~ freaked [fri:kt] a μͳíáñ, ·Í³íáñ. μÍ»ñáí/
Çñ³í. Çñ³í³Ï³Ý ϳéáõóí³Íù/¹³ßï/ ѳ- ·Í»ñáí ͳÍÏí³Í:
ٳϳñ·: freakish [΄fri:ki∫] a ùٳѳ×, ï³ñûñÇݳÏ:
framing [΄freimiŋ] n ßñç³Ý³Ï»ÉÁ, ßñç³- freckle [frekl] n å»å»Ý:
ݳÏÇ Ù»ç ¹Ý»ÉÁ: freckled [΄frekld] a å»å»Ýáï. a ~ face/nose
franc [fræŋk] n ýñ³ÝÏ (¹ñ³Ù³Ï³Ý Ùdz- å»å»Ýáï ¹»Ùù/ùÇÃ:
íáñ): free [fri:] a ³½³ï, ³ÝϳË. ~ country/people/
franchise [΄frænt∫aiz] n Ó³ÛÝÇ Çñ³íáõÝù. life ³½³ï »ñÏÇñ/ÅáÕáíáõñ¹/ÏÛ³Ýù. a ~
íëï³Ñ³·Çñ (³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ ¨ ͳé³Ûáõ- choice ³½³ï ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ translation
free 343 frequent

³½³ï óñ·Ù³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. of one’s own ~ will free will [‚fri:΄wil] a ϳٳíáñ, Ñáųñ³-
³½³ï ϳÙùáí. ~ trade ³½³ï ³é¨ïáõñ. ~ ϳÙ:
kick Ùñ½. ³½³ï ѳñí³Í. ~ of tax ãѳñÏíáÕ. freeze [fri:z] n ë³éݳٳÝÇù. ë³é»óáõÙ.
duty ~ Ù³ùë³ïáõñùÇó ³½³ï. FOB (free on price/wage ~ ·Ý»ñÇ/³ß˳ï³í³ñÓÇ ë³é»-
board) ³½³ï ³é¨ïáõñ ݳíÇ íñ³. set ~ óáõÙ:
³½³ï»É. (ã½μ³Õí³Í, ã½μ³Õ»óñ³Í) Are you freeze [fri:z] v ë³é»É, ë³é»óÝ»É. óñï³Ñ³ñ
~ now? ²½³±ï »ù ÑÇÙ³. This seat is ~ ³Ûë ³Ý»É. It ~s ê³éݳٳÝÇù ¿ ³ÝáõÙ. It will ~
ï»ÕÁ ½μ³Õí³Í ã¿. ~ time ³½³ï ųٳݳÏ. tonight ²Ûë ·Çß»ñ ë³éݳٳÝÇù ÏÉÇÝÇ. The
(³Ýí׳ñ) ~ ticket/entrance/concert ³Ýí׳ñ water/river froze æáõñÁ/¶»ïÁ ë³é»É ¿. ~ meat/
ïáÙë/Ùáõïù/ѳٻñ·. ~ of charge ³Ýí׳ñ. ~ fruits ÙÇëÁ/Ùñ·»ñÁ ë³é»óÝ»É. I am freezing ~
from áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇó ³½³ï. ~ from care ³ÝÑá·, ºë ÙñëáõÙ »Ù. My feet are freezing ~ àïù»ñë
Ñá·ë»ñÇó ³½³ï. ~ medical care ³Ýí׳ñ ë³éãáõÙ »Ý£ The smile froze on his lips ÷Ëμ.
μáõÅû·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ from blame ³ÝÙ»Õ. (ë³Ý- ÄåÇïÁ ë³é»ó Ýñ³ ßáõñûñÇÝ/¹»ÙùÇÝ. be
Ó³ñÓ³Ï) ~ manners ã³÷Çó ³í»ÉÇ ³½³ï frozen up óñïÇó ÷³Ûï³Ý³É:
ß³ñÅáõÓ¨. be ~ in one’s language É»½íÇÝ ³½³- freezer [΄fri:zə] n ë³éó³ñ³Ý. ~ compartment
ïáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É. ~ and easy sort å³ñ½ í³ñí»- ë³éó³ñ³Ý:
ɳϻñå. set smb ~ ³½³ï ³ñӳϻÉ. make ~ freezing [΄fri:ziŋ] n ë³éãáõÙ, ë³é»óáõÙ. ~
to say Çñ»Ý ÃáõÛÉ ï³É ³ë»É. ~ fight Áݹѳ- point ë³é»óÙ³Ý Ï»ï:
Ýáõñ ïáõñáõ¹Ù÷áó. ËëÏó. free- for all. ÑÙÏñ·. freezing [΄fri:ziŋ] a ë³é»óÝáÕ, ë³éÁ. a ~
~ block ³½³ï μÉáÏ. ~ branch ³½³ï ×ÛáõÕ. ~ wind ë³é»óÝáÕ ù³ÙÇ. a ~ look ë³éÁ ѳ-
memory ³½³ï ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ running mode Û³óù:
³½³ï ¹ÇÙ»Éáõ é»ÅÇÙ. ~ software ³Ýí׳ñ freight [freit] n μ»é, ÷á˳¹ñ³μ»é. ÷á-
Íñ³·ñ³ÛÇÝ ³å³ÑáíáõÙ: ˳¹ñ³í³ñÓ, μ»éݳ÷á˳¹ñ³í³ñÓ (ݳ¨
free [fri:] v ³½³ï»É, ³½³ïáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É. ~ charge for ~) ~ train ³åñ³Ýù³ï³ñ ·Ý³óù:
city/ prisoners/from debt ³½³ï³·ñ»É ù³Õ³- freighter [΄freitə] n μ»éݳï³ñ ݳí.
ùÁ. ³½³ïáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É μ³Ýï³ñÏÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇÝ. ÷á˳¹ñ³Ý³í í³ñÓáÕ Ù³ñ¹.
å³ñïù»ñÇó ³½³ï»É: French [frent∫] n ýñ³Ýë»ñ»Ý. the F~ 1. n
freebooter [΄fri:bu:tə] n ³í³½³Ï, Íáí³- ýñ³ÝëdzóÇÝ»ñÁ. 2. a ýñ³Ýë»ñ»Ý, ýñ³Ý-
Ñ»Ý: ëdzϳÝ: ~ door/window ³å³Ï»å³ï
freedom [΄fri:dəm] n ³½³ïáõÃÛáõÝ. personal ¹áõé/å³ïáõÑ³Ý ~ open Ùñ½., ûÝÇë üñ³Ý-
~ ³ÝÓÇ/³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý ³½³ïáõÃÛáõÝ. individ- ëdzÛÇ μ³ó ³é³çÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
ual ~s ³Ýѳï³Ï³Ý ³½³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. ~ of Frenchman [΄frent∫mən] n ýñ³ÝëdzóÇ:
action ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ³½³ïáõÃÛáõÝ ~ Frenchwoman [΄frent∫wumən] n ýñ³Ý-
of speech/of the press/of the will ËáëùÇ/Ù³Ùáõ- ëáõÑÇ:
ÉÇ/ϳÙùÇ ³½³ïáõÃÛáõÝ: frenzied [΄frenzid] a ϳï³Õ³Í, ÙáÉ»·Ý³Í:
freedom-loving [΄fri:dəm΄lΛviŋ] a ³½³- frenz/y [΄frenzi] n ϳï³ÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ÙáÉ»·Ýáõ-
ï³ë»ñ: ÃÛáõÝ. in a ~ of delight/despair μáõéÝ Ñdzó-
free handed [‚fri:΄hændid] a ³é³ï³Ó»éÝ, ÙáõÝù. Ë»É³Ñ»Õ Ñáõë³Ñ³ïáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ ied
Ó»éÝμ³ó: ϳï³Õ³Í, ÙáÉ»·Ý³Í:
freelance [΄fri:la:ns] a ³é³Ýó Ùßï³Ï³Ý frequency [΄fri:kwənsi] n ѳ׳˳ϳÝáõ-
·áñͳïáõÇ. ³ñï³Ñ³ëïÇù³ÛÇÝ. work ~ ÃÛáõÝ. high/low ~ μ³ñÓñ /ó³Íñ ѳ׳˳-
³ñï³Ñ³ëïÇù³ÛÇÝ ³ß˳ï³Ýù. a ~ jour- ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
nalist ³ñï³Ñ³ëïÇù³ÛÇÝ Éñ³·ñáÕ: frequent [΄fri:kwənt] a ѳ׳˳ÏÇ, ѳ׳Ë
freely [΄fri:li] adv ³½³ïáñ»Ý, ³½³ï. ³é³- ÏñÏÝíáÕ. a ~ visitor ѳ׳˻Ï. ѳ׳˳ÏÇ
ïáñ»Ý, ³é³ï: ³Ûó»Éáõ. ~ pulse/breathing ³ñ³·³óí³Í ½³ñ-
freemason [΄fri:meisn] n Ù³ëáÝ, ýñ³ÝÏ- Ï»ñ³Ï/ßÝã³éáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ scene/mistake/ specta-
Ù³ëáÝ: cle ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý ï»ë³ñ³Ý/ë˳É/ »ñ¨áõÛÃ:
free-thinker [‚fri:΄θiŋkə] n ³½³ï³ËáÑ/ frequent [fri΄kwent] v ѳ׳˻É, ѳ׳Ë
³½³ï Ùï³ÍáÕ Ù³ñ¹: ³Ûó»É»É. ~ the club/theatre/restaurant ѳ׳-
frequenter 344 frivolity

˳ÏÇ ·Ý³É ³ÏáõÙμ/óïñáÝ/é»ëïáñ³Ý£ friendless [΄frendləs] a ÁÝÏ»ñ ãáõÝ»óáÕ, ³Ý-


frequenter [fri΄kwentə] n Ùßï³Ï³Ý ѳ׳- ÁÝÏ»ñ:
Ëáñ¹: friendliness [΄frendlinəs] n μ³ñÛ³ó³Ï³Ùáõ-
frequently [΄fri:kwəntli] adv ѳ׳˳ÏÇ, ÃÛáõÝ, ëÇñ³ÉÇñáõÃÛáõÝ:
ëáíáñ³μ³ñ. ~ used Ñ³×³Ë û·ï³·áñÍíáÕ: friendly [΄frendli] a μ³ñÛ³ó³Ï³Ù, ÁÝÏ»ñ³-
fresco [΄freskəu] n áñÙݳÝϳñ. áñÙݳÝϳñ- ϳÝ. μ³ñ»Ï³Ù³Ï³Ý. a ~ soul μ³ñÇ Ñá·Ç.
ãáõÃÛáõÝ: in a ~ manner μ³ñ»Ï³Ù³μ³ñ. ÁÝÏ»ñ³Ï³-
fresh [fre∫] a óñÙ. ~ eggs/bread/air óñÙ Ýáñ»Ý. be ~, on ~ terms with ÁÝÏ»ñ³Ï³Ý ѳ-
Óáõ/ѳó/û¹. ~ colours/complexion óñÙ ·áõÛ- ñ³μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É. a ~ power μ³-
Ý»ñ. ¹»ÙùÇ Ã³ñÙ ·áõÛÝ. ~ water ù³Õó- ñ»Ï³Ù³Ï³Ý »ñÏÇñ/å»ïáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ match
ñ³Ñ³Ù çáõñ. a ~ sheet of paper Ù³ùáõñ Ùñ½. ÁÝÏ»ñ³Ï³Ý ˳Õ/ѳݹÇåáõÙ£
ÃáõÕÃ. a ~ idea Ýáñ ·³Õ³÷³ñ. make a ~ start friendship [΄frend∫ip] n ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ, μ³-
³Ù»Ý ÇÝã ÝáñÇó ëÏë»É. ÷Ëμ. ѳݹáõ·Ý, ñ»Ï³ÙáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÇÝùݳíëï³h ~ boy ÇÝùݳíëï³Ñ ïÕ³. fright [frait] n í³Ë, »ñÏÛáõÕ. sudden ~ ѳÝ-
be/get ~ with smb (Ù»ÏÇ Ñ»ï) Çñ»Ý ѳݹáõ·Ý ϳñͳÏÇ í³Ë. shake with ~ í³ËÇó ¹áÕ³É.
å³Ñ»É. ~ from Ñ»Ýó Ýáñ, áõÕÇÕ. ~ from give smb a ~ í³Ë»óÝ»É. take/have/get a ~ í³-
school Ñ»Ýó Ýáñ ¹åñáóÝ ³í³ñï³Í. bread ~ ˻ݳÉ. ËëÏó. ³Ûɳݹ³Ï, ï·»Õ look a ~
from the oven Ñ»Ýó Ýáñ ÃË³Í Ñ³ó: ËñïíÇɳÏÇ ï»ëù áõݻݳÉ. stage ~ μ»Ù³-
freshen [΄fre∫n] v (ݳ¨ ~ up) óñÙ³óÝ»É, Ï³Ý í³Ë:
óñٳݳÉ: frighten [΄fraitn] v í³Ë»óÝ»É. be ~ed í³-
freshly [΄fre∫li] adv Ñ»Ýó Ýáñ, í»ñç»ñë. ~ ˻ݳÉ. ~ the child/a horse »ñ»Ë³ÛÇÝ/ÓÇáõÝ
painted Ýáñ Ý»ñϳÍ, óñÙ Ý»ñÏ: í³Ë»óÝ»É. ~ smb out of his wits Ù³Ñáõ ã³÷
freshman [΄fre∫mən] n ³é³çÇÝ ÏáõñëÇ í³Ë»Ý³É. be ~ed í³Ë»Ý³É. be ~ed of the
áõë³ÝáÕ/Ïáõñë»óÇ: dark ÙÃÇó í³Ë»Ý³É. ~ into í³Ë»óÝ»Éáí
freshness [΄fre∫nəs] n óñÙáõÃÛáõÝ, ½áíáõ- ëïÇå»É:
ÃÛáõÝ. ϳÛï³éáõÃÛáõÝ, ³éáõÛ·áõÃÛáõÝ: frightened [΄fraitnd] a í³Ë»ó³Í:
freshwater [΄fre∫wɔ:tə] a ù³Õóñ³Ñ³Ù çñ»ñ: frightening [΄fraitniŋ] a í³Ë»óÝáÕ:
fret [fret] n çÕ³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ·ñ·éí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. frightful [΄fraitfl] a ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ, ³Ñ³íáñ,
½³ÛñáõÛÃ: ëáëϳÉÇ:
fret [fret] v ½³Ûñ³Ý³É, ³Ýѳݷëï³Ý³É. He frigid [΄fridзid] a óáõñï, ë³éÁ, áã ç»ñÙ.
~s at the slightest reason ºÙ»ÝãÝãÇÝ å³ï׳- ³Ýï³ñμ»ñ. μÅßÏ. ýñǷǹ. a ~ climate/wel-
éÇó ݳ ³Ýѳݷëï³ÝáõÙ ¿: come ë³éÁ ÏÉÇÙ³/ÁݹáõÝ»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ:
fretful [΄fretfl] a ³ÝѳݷÇëï, ¹Ûáõñ³·ñ·Çé. frill [fril] n ͳɳμáÉáñù. ÷Ëμ. ½³ñ¹³ñ³Ýù.
a ~ child ³ÝѳݷÇëï »ñ»Ë³. The baby is ~ write without ~s å³ñ½/³Ýå³×áõÛ× ·ñ»É. dish
ºñ»Ë³Ý ùÙ³Ñ³× ¿: with ~ s ½³ñ¹³ñ³Í ׳߳ëÏáõï»Õ:
fretwork [΄fretwə:k] n Ýñμ³ù³Ý¹³Ï: fringe [frindз] n Íáå»ñ. »½ñ, ͳÛñ. ׳ϳïÇ
friar [΄fraiə] n ÏñáÝ. Ïáõë³ÏñáÝ, í³Ý³Ï³Ý: Ù³½³÷áõÝç. the ~ of a lake É×Ç ³÷. the ~of
fricative [΄frikətiv] n ÑÝã. ß÷³Ï³Ý μ³Õ³- the city ù³Õ³ùÇ Í³Ûñ³Ù³ë. (Éñ³óáõÙ) ~ be-
Ó³ÛÝ: nefits Éñ³óáõóÇã ³ñïáÝáõÃÛáõÝ/í׳ñáõÙÝ»ñ:
friction [΄frik∫n] n ß÷áõÙ. ÷Ëμ. μËáõÙ, í»×, frippery [΄fripəri] n ¿Å³Ý³·ÇÝ, ³Ý׳߳Ï
ï³ñ³Ó³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ: ½³ñ¹³ñ³Ýù:
Friday [΄fraidei] n áõñμ³Ã. Good F~ ÏñáÝ. frisk [frisk] n Ëáõ½³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
²í³· ÑÇÝ·ß³μÃÇ: frisk [frisk] v ÃéãÏáï»É, Ãéíé³É:
fridge [fridз] n ËëÏó. ë³éݳñ³Ý: frisky [΄friski] a áõñ³Ë, ϳÛï³é, ½í³ñÃ:
friend [frend] n ÁÝÏ»ñ, μ³ñ»Ï³Ù. devoted/bo- fritter [΄fritə] n μÉÇÃ. ûɳ¹Ç. apple ~ ËÝÓáñÇ
som/intimate, close ~ ÝíÇñí³Í/ëñï³ÏÇó/ μÉÇÃ:
Ùáï ÁÝÏ»ñ. He’s a ~ of mine ܳ ÇÙ ÁÝÏ»ñÝ ¿. fritter [΄fritə] v í³ïÝ»É. ~ away time/mo-
be ~s ÁÝÏ»ñÝ»ñ ÉÇÝ»É. make ~s ÁÝÏ»ñ³Ý³É. ney/energy ųٳݳÏ/÷áÕ/»é³Ý¹ í³ïÝ»É:
business ~ ·áñÍÁÝÏ»ñ. learned ~ ·ÇïÝ³Ï³Ý frivolity [fri΄vɒləti] n ûè³ÙïáõÃÛáõÝ,
·áñÍÁÝÏ»ñ: ûè³ÙÇï ³ñ³ñù:
frivolous 345 frosty

frivolous [΄frivələs] a ûè³ÙÇï, ٳϻñ»- ßù³Ùáõïù, ݳ˳ëñ³Ñ. ~ page ïÇïÕáë³-


ë³ÛÇÝ. ³ÝÑÇÙÝ, ³ÝÉáõñç, ùٳѳ×. a ~ re- ûñà (·ñùáõÙ). ~ view ï»ë³ñ³Ý/ï»ëù ³é-
mark/book/objection ûè³ÙÇï ³ÏݳñÏ, ç¨Çó:
¹³ï³ñÏ ·Çñù, ³ÝÉáõñç ³é³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ front [frΛnt] v ~ (on) Ý³Û»É ¹»åÇ. The house
statement ³ÝÉáõñç ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ: ~s south îáõÝÁ ѳñ³í ¿ ݳÛáõÙ. The windows
friz(z) [friz] n ËáåáåÇÏ. ·³Ý·áõñ Ù³½»ñ: ~ on the sea ä³ïáõѳÝÝ»ñÁ ¹»åÇ ÍáíÝ »Ý
frizz [friz] v ·³Ý·ñ³óÝ»É: ݳÛáõÙ:
frizzle [΄frizl] n Ãßßáó, ïÅïÅáó. frontage [΄frΛntidз] n ß»ÝùÇ »ñ»ë, ׳ϳ-
frizzle [΄frizl] v Ãßß³É, ïÅųÉ. ï³å³Ïí»É: ï³Ù³ë. é½Ù. ׳ϳïÇ É³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ, »ñϳ-
frizzy [΄frizi] a ·³Ý·áõñ. ~ hair Ïáßï, ·³Ý- ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ£
·áõñ Ù³½»ñ: frontal [΄frΛntl] a ׳ϳïÇ, ׳ϳï³ÛÇÝ.
fro [frəu] adv to and ~ Ñ»ï áõ ³é³ç: é½Ù. ׳ϳï³ÛÇÝ, ³ÙμáÕç ׳ϳïáí. a ~
frock [frɒk] n ½·»ëï. ~coat ë»ñÃáõÏ: portrait ¹Çٳѳ۳ó ¹ÇÙ³Ýϳñ (³Ýý³ë)£
frog [frɒg] n ·áñï: frontbencher [‚frΛnt΄bent∫ə] n å³é-
frogman [΄frɒgmən] n ³Ïí³É³Ý·Çëï: ɳٻÝïÇ/ϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³Ý¹³Ù. ù³Õ³-
frolic [΄frɒlik]1. n ½í³ñ×áõÃÛáõÝ, ã³ñ³×- ù³Ï³Ý Ïáõë³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý/ûåá½ÇódzÛÇ Õ»-
×ÇáõÃÛáõÝ. 2. v ½í³ñ׳ݳÉ, ã³ñ³××Çáõ- ϳí³ñ:
ÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É: frontier [΄frΛntiə] n, a ë³ÑÙ³Ý. ë³Ñٳݳ-
frolicsome [΄frɒliksəm] a ϳÛï³é, ½í³ñÃ, ÛÇÝ, ë³ÑٳݳٻñÓ. natural ~ μÝ³Ï³Ý ë³Ñ-
ã³ñ³××Ç: Ù³Ý. cross the ~ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ ³ÝóÝ»É. the ~s of
from [frɒm] prep - Çó(ï»Õ, í³Ûñ). ~ home knowledge ·Çï»ÉÇùÇ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ. ~ trade/
ï³ÝÇó. ~ London ÈáݹáÝÇó. (ųٳݳÏ) ~ traffic/dispute ë³ÑٳݳÛÇÝ ³é¨ïáõñ/ í»×:
the fifth century ÑÇÝ·»ñáñ¹ ¹³ñÇó. ~ the be- frontiersman [΄frΛntiəzmən] n ë³ÑÙ³-
ginning/start ëϽμÇó. ~ that time on ³Û¹ ݳٻñÓ ßñç³ÝÇ μݳÏÇã:
ųٳݳÏÇó ëÏë³Í. ~ … to ÙÇÝã¨. ~ morn- frontispiece [΄frΛntispi:s] n ×ñï. (ß»ÝùÇ)
ing to night ³é³íáïÇó ÙÇÝ㨠·Çß»ñ. ~ day ·É˳íáñ ׳ϳï:
to day ûñ»óûñ. suffer ~ heat ßá·Çó ï³é³- front-rank [‚frΛnt΄ræŋk] a ³é³ç³íáñ:
å»É. ~ fear/shame/jealousy/curiosity í³ËÇó/³- frost [frɒst] n ë³éݳٳÝÇù. white/hoar ~ »Õ-
ÙáÃÇó/˳ݹÇó/Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝÇó ï³- Û³Ù. sharp ~ ËÇëï ë³éݳٳÝÇù. ringing ~
é³å»É. (speak) ~ memory ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ ×Ï×ϳÝ/×é×é³Ý ë³éݳٳÝÇù. covered with
(Ëáë»É). know ~ experience ÷áñÓÇó ÇٳݳÉ. ~ »Õ»Ùݳå³ï. F~ is holding ê³éݳ-
judging ~ appearance ³ñï³ùÇÝÇó ¹³ï»Éáí. Ù³ÝÇùÁ ¹»é ß³ñáõݳÏíáõÙ ¿:
~ above/below í»ñ¨Çó, Ý»ñù¨Çó. drink ~ a cup frost [frɒst] v ë³é»óÝ»É. The flowers are ~ed
·³í³ÃÇó ËÙ»É. ~ behind the door ¹é³Ý ̳ÕÇÏÝ»ñÁ óñï³Ñ³ñí»É »Ý. The window
»ï¨Çó. prevent ~ doing smth áñ¨¿ μ³Ý ³Ý»- was ~ed ä³ïáõѳÝÁ ë³éó³Ï³É»É ¿:
Éáõó Ñ»ï å³Ñ»É: frost-bite [΄frɒstbait] n óñï³Ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ,
front [frΛnt] n ³éç¨Ç Ù³ë. come to the ~ óñï³Ñ³ñáõÙ:
³é³ç ·³É. the ~ of the building ß»ÝùÇ ³éç¨Ç frost-bitten [΄frɒstbitn] a óñï³Ñ³ñí³Í.
Ù³ëÁ/׳ϳïÁ. the ~ of the picture ÝϳñÇ His hands are ~ Üñ³ Ó»éù»ñÁ óñï³Ñ³ñí»É
³éç¨Ç Ù³ëÁ/³é³çÇÝ åɳÝ. the ~ of the car »Ý:
Ù»ù»Ý³ÛÇ ³éç¨Ç Ýëï³ñ³ÝÁ. in ~ of ³é- frosted [΄frɒstid] a »ÕÛ³Ùáí å³ï³Í. óáõñ-
ç¨áõÙ, ¹ÇÙ³óÁ. the ~ of the stage óïñ. ݳ- ïÁ ïí³Í. ß³ù³ñ³÷áßáí å³ï³Í:
˳μ»Ù. the sea ~ ³é³÷ÝÛ³ ÷áÕáó/½μáë³Û- frost-hardy [΄frɒst‚ha:di] a óñï³Ï³ÛáõÝ,
·Ç. é½Ù., ùÕù. ׳ϳï. united ~ ÙdzóÛ³É ×³- óñï³¹ÇÙ³óÏáõÝ:
ϳï. popular ~ ÅáÕáíñ¹³Ï³Ý ׳ϳï. be/ frosting [΄frɒstiŋ] n »ÕÛ³Ù. ë³éáõÛó (Éáõ-
fight at the ~ ÉÇÝ»É/Ïéí»É 鳽ٳ׳ϳïáõÙ. ë³ÙáõïÇ íñ³). çݳñ³Ï:
~ line ׳ϳïÇ ³é³ç³Ù³ë. in the ~ line frosty [΄frɒsti] a ë³éݳٳÝÇù³ÛÇÝ, óáõñï,
鳽ٳ׳ϳïáõÙ: ë³éÁ. »Õ»Ùݳå³ï: a ~ ground ë³é³Í ·»-
front [frΛnt] a ³éç¨Ç, ³é³çÇ. ~ door/hall ïÇÝ. ~ morning óáõñï ³é³íáï. a ~ look/re-
froth 346 fugue

ception ÷Ëμ. ë³éÁ ѳ۳óù/ÁݹáõÝ»Éáõ- fruity [΄fru:ti] a Ùñ·Ç, Ùñ·³Ñ³Ù. ÷Ëμ. ÑÛáõ-
ÃÛáõÝ: ûÕ, çñ³ÉÇ. ËëÏó. Ñ»ï³ùñùñ³Ï³Ý. ~ hu-
froth [frɒθ] n ÷ñ÷áõñ. ÷Ëμ. ¹³ï³ñÏ μ³Ý: mour ÑÛáõûÕ/ѳÙáí ÑáõÙáñ. a ~ voice/bass
froth [frɒθ] v ÷ñ÷ñ»É, ÷ñ÷ñ³Ï³É»É. ÷Ëμ. ÏñÍù³ÛÇÝ Ó³ÛÝ/μ³ë. a ~ joke ³Ý³ÉÇ Ï³-
(¹³ï³ñϳμ³Ý»É, ß³Õ³Ïñ³ï»É). The dog ï³Ï:
was ~ Þ³Ý μ»ñ³ÝÁ ÷ñ÷ñ³Ï³É»É ¿: frustrate [frΛ΄streit] v ˳÷³Ý»É, Ëáñï³-
frothy [΄frɒθi] a ÷ñ÷ñ³ÉÇó, ÷ñ÷ñ³Ï³É³Í. Ï»É. ~ plans/hopes Íñ³·ñ»ñÁ ˳÷³Ý»É,
¹³ï³ñÏ, ³Ýμáí³Ý¹³Ï: ÑáõÛë»ñÁ Ëáñï³Ï»É. ~ a contract å³Ûٳݳ-
frown [fraun] n ËáÅáéí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, ÏÝ×Çé. ·ÇñÁ ˳Ëï»É/˳÷³Ý»É:
ËáÅáé ѳ۳óù: frustrated [frΛ΄streitid] a ãμ³í³ñ³ñí³Í.
frown [fraun] v ËnÅáéí»É, ÑáÝù»ñÁ ÏÇï»É, feel ~ with the job ³ß˳ï³Ýùáí μ³í³ñ³ñ-
Ùé³ÛÉí»É. ~ at smth ËáÅáé ѳ۳óùáí ݳۻÉ. í³Í ãÉÇÝ»É:
~ on the proposal ³é³ç³ñÏÇÝ Ñ³í³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ frustration [frΛ΄strei∫n] n Ñdzëó÷áõ-
ãï³É: ÃÛáõÝ. ³Ýμ³í³ñ³ñí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ˳÷³-
frozen [΄frəuzn] a ë³é³Í, óñï³Ñ³ñ »Õ³Í. ÝáõÙ, Ëáñï³ÏáõÙ. Ó³ËáÕáõÙ:
~ river/lake ë³é³Í ·»ï/ÉÇ×. ~ food ë³é»ó- fry [frai] n ï³å³Ï. ï³å³Ï³Í ÙÇë/ѳí. a
ñ³Í ëÝݹ³Ùûñù. ~ food compartment ë³- ~ of fish ï³å³Ï³Í ÓáõÏ. French ~ fries
é»óñ³Í ëÝݹ³ÙûñùÇ ë³éݳËóÇÏ: (Ù³Ýñ) ï³å³Ï³Í ϳñïáýÇÉ£
fructify [΄frΛktifai] v μ»ÕÙݳíáñ»É, ³ñ·³- fry [frai] v ï³å³Ï»É. ~ potatoes ϳñïáýÇÉ
ë³íáñ»É. åïáõÕ ï³É: ï³å³Ï»É. ~ fried fish and chips ï³å³Ï³Í
frugal [΄fru:gl] a ËݳÛáÕ, ïÝï»ëáÕ. ѳ- ÓáõÏ ¨ ϳñïáýÇÉ:
Ù»ëï, ã³÷³íáñ. a ~ housekeeper ËݳÛáÕ frying pan [΄fraiiŋpæn] n óí³, ï³å³Ï:
ïÝï»ëáõÑÇ. a ~ meal ѳٻëï/³Õù³ïÇÏ fuddle [΄fΛdl]1. n ·Çݳñμáõù, ÏáÝͳμ³Ýáõ-
׳ß: ÃÛáõÝ. 2. v ËÙ»É, ËÙ»óÝ»É. ѳñμ»É, ѳñμ»ó-
frugality [fru:΄gæləti] n ËݳÛáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ã³- Ý»É:
÷³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ: fudge [fΛdз] n ÏáÝý»ïÇ ÙÇ ï»ë³Ï (åáÙ³¹-
fruit [fru:t] 1. n ÙÇñ·. ÷Ëμ. åïáõÕÝ»ñ, ³ñ¹- ϳ). ÷Ëμ. Ùï³ó³ÍÇÝ μ³Ý. Ñ»ñÛáõñ³Ýù,
ÛáõÝù. dried ~ ãáñ ÙÇñ·. canned ~ å³Ñ³Íá- ëáõï:
Û³óñ³Í ÙÇñ·. candied ~ ß³ù³ñ³Í ÙÇñ·. ~ fuel [fju:əl] n í³é»ÉÇù, í³é»É³ÝÛáõÃ. solid/
cake Ùñ·áí ϳñϳݹ³Ï. ~ salad Ùñ·Ç ³Õ- liquid ~ Ïáßï /Ñ»ÕáõÏ í³é»É³ÝÛáõÃ. add ~ to
ó³Ý/ë³É³Ã. ~ tree Ùñ·³ïáõ/åïÕ³ïáõ the fire/flames ÷Ëμ. Ïñ³ÏÇÝ ÛáõÕ ³í»É³ó-
ͳé. (åïáõÕ) bear ~ åïáõÕÝ»ñ ï³É. for- Ý»É:
bidden ~ ³ñ·»Éí³Í åïáõÕ. reap the ~s (³ß- fuel [fju:əl] a í³é»ÉÇùÇ, í³é»ÉÇù³ÛÇÝ. ~ tank
˳ï³ÝùÇ) åïáõÕÝ»ñÁ ù³Õ»É. 2. v åïÕ³- í³é»ÉÇùÇ μ³Ï. ~ gauge í³é»ÉÇùÇ Ù³Ï³ñ-
μ»ñ»É, åïáõÕ ï³É: ¹³ÏÇ óáõóÇã. ~ consumption í³é»ÉÇùÇ Í³Ë-
fruitage [΄fru:tidз] n Ñíù. Ùñ·»ñ, åïáõÕÝ»ñ, ëáõÙ:
μ»ñù: fuel [fju:əl] v í³é»ÉÇùáí Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñ»É/
fruiterer [΄fru:tərə] n åïÕ³·áñÍ: ~‘s Ùñ·»- ³å³Ñáí»É. ~ a lorry/a ship Ù»ù»Ý³Ý/ݳíÁ
Õ»ÝÇ/åïÕ³·áñÍÇ Ë³ÝáõÃ: í³é»ÉÇùáí Éó³íáñ»É:
fruit farming [΄fru:t΄fa:miŋ] n åïÕ³μáõ- fuelling station [΄fju:əliŋ ΄stei∫n] n μ»Ý½³-
ÍáõÃÛáõÝ: Éó³Ï³Û³Ý:
fruitful [΄fru:tfl] a åïÕ³μ»ñ, åïÕ³í»ï. fugacious [fju΄gei∫s] a ϳñ׳ï¨, í³Õ³Ý-
߳ѳí»ï, û·ï³í»ï. ÷Ëμ. μ»ÕÙݳíáñ: óÇÏ, ³ÝóáÕÇÏ:
fruitfulness [΄fru:tflnəs] n åïÕ³í»ïáõ- fuggy [΄fΛgi] a ËëÏó. Ñ»ÕÓáõóÇã, ˻չáõÏ:
ÃÛáõÝ, åïÕ³μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ÷Ëμ. ³ñ·³ë³íá- fugitive [΄fju:dзətiv] n ÷³Ëëï³Ï³Ý, ·³Õ-
ñáõÃÛáõÝ: óϳÝ, ¹³ë³ÉÇù. ~ offender ѳÝó³·áñÍ
fruitless [΄fru:tləs] a ³ÝåïáõÕ, ³å³ñ¹ÛáõÝ: ÷³Ëëï³Ï³Ý. ~s from an invaded country
fruit-sugar [΄fru:t‚∫ugə] n åïճ߳ù³ñ, μéݳ·³ÕÃí³ÍÝ»ñ:
Ùñ·³ß³ù³ñ. ýñáõÏïá½³: fugue [fju:g] n »ñÅß. ýáõ·³:
fulcrum 347 function

fulcrum [΄fΛlkrəm] n ýǽ. Ñ»ÝÙ³Ý Ï»ï. é½Ù. ѳñÓ³ÏáõÙ ³ÙμáÕç ׳ϳïáí:


÷Ëμ. Ýå³ï³ÏÇÝ Ñ³ëÝ»Éáõ ÙÇçáó: fullstop [‚ful΄stɒp] n í»ñç³Ï»ï, ÉñÇí ϳÝ-
fulfil(l) [ful΄fil] v ϳï³ñ»É, Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É, ·³é. come to a ~ ϳݷ ³éÝ»É. í»ñç³Ï»ïÇÝ
Çñ³·áñÍ»É. ~ one’s duty/promise å³ñï- ѳëÝ»É. The work has come to a ~ ²ß˳ï³Ý-
ùÁ/ËáëïáõÙÁ ϳï³ñ»É. ~ conditions å³Û- ùÁ ϳݷ ¿ ³é»É:
Ù³ÝÝ»ñÇÝ/å³Ñ³ÝçÝ»ñÇÝ μ³í³ñ³ñ»É. full-time [‚ful΄taim] a ÉñÇí ͳÝñ³μ»éÝí³-
Hopes have been ~ed ÐáõÛë»ñÝ Çñ³Ï³Ý³- ÍáõÃÛ³Ùμ. a~ job ÉñÇí ͳÝñ³μ»éÝí³Íáõ-
ó³Ý: ÃÛ³Ùμ ³ß˳ï³Ýù:
fulfilment [ful΄filmənt] n ϳï³ñáõÙ, Çñ³- full-timer [‚ful΄taimə] n ÉñÇí ͳÝñ³-
ϳݳóáõÙ. a sense of (personal) ~ μ³í³ñ³ñ- μ»éÝí³ÍáõÃÛ³Ùμ ³ß˳ïáÕ:
í³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý ½·³óáõÙ. ~ of a contract /obliga- fully [΄fuli] adv Ùdzݷ³Ù³ÛÝ, ³ÙμáÕç³å»ë,
tion å³Ûٳݳ·ñÇ/å³ñï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³- μáÉáñáíÇÝ. ~ justified ÉñÇí ³ñ¹³ñóí³Í. be
ï³ñáõÙ: ~ aware ÉñÇí ï»ÕÛ³Ï ÉÇÝ»É:
full [ful] n ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã, μáÉáñÁ, ÉñÇí. tell/pay in fulsome [΄fulsəm] a Ï»ÕÍ, áã ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ. ïѳ×.
~ ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã å³ïÙ»É, ÉñÇí í׳ñ»É. enjoy to ~ praise ³Ýã³÷³íáñ ·áí³ë³Ýù. be ~ ³Ý-
the ~ ÉdzñÅ»ù ѳ×áõÛù ëï³Ý³É. in ~ ÉñÇí, Ï»ÕÍ ãÉÇÝ»É:
³ÙμáÕçáõÃÛ³Ùμ. (·³·³Ãݳϻï) The moon fumble [΄fΛmbl] v ßáß³÷»É, ßáß³÷»Éáí
is past the ~ ÈáõëÇÝÁ Ýí³½áõÙ ¿: ·ïÝ»É, ˳ñ˳÷»É. ~ in one’s bag å³Ûáõ-
full [ful] a ÉÇ, ÉÇùÁ, ÉñÇí. ~ plate/hall/bus ÙÇ ë³ÏÁ ùñùñ»É. ~ with the lock »ñϳñ ųٳ-
ÉÇùÁ ³÷ë», É»÷-É»óáõÝ ¹³ÑÉÇ×/³íïáμáõë. Ý³Ï ÷³Ï³ÝùÁ ãϳñáÕ³Ý³É μ³ó»É. ÑÙáõï
~ of people/water Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýóáí/çñáí ÉÇ. be ~ ãÉÇÝ»É. ~ for matches in the dark ÙÃáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç
of news /ideas ÝáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí/·³Õ³÷³ñ- ÉáõóÏÇ ÷Ýïñ»É:
Ý»ñáí ÉÇ ÉÇÝ»É. ~ of one’s own importance Ù»- fume [fju:m] n óÝÓñ ÍáõË, ÙáõË. ·áÉáñßÇ.
ͳÙï»É, »ñ¨³Ï³Û»É. live a ~ life Édzϳï³ñ send off ~s ·áÉáñßÇ ³ñӳϻÉ. give off ~s
ÏÛ³Ýùáí ³åñ»É. I’m ~ ËëÏó. Îáõßï »Ù. ·áÉáñßÇ μ³ó ÃáÕÝ»É. ùñïÇÝù ³ñï³¹ñ»É.
(ÉñÇí, Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ) ~ account Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ ËëÏó., ÷Ëμ. Ñáõ½í³Í íÇ׳Ï. ~ at smth
ѳßí»ïíáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ moon ÉdzÉáõëÇÝ. The çÕ³ÛݳݳÉ. He was simply ~ fuming ܳ
tide is ~ سÏÁÝóóáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³í³ñïí»É ¿. be å³ñ½³å»ë íñ¹áíí³Í ¿ñ. poisonous ~s Ãáõ-
on ~ pay ÉñÇí ¹ñáõÛùáí ³ß˳ï»É. (ÉÇùÁ) a ~ ݳíáñ ·áÉáñßÇ:
figure/face ÉÇùÁ Ù³ñÙÇÝ /¹»Ùù. a ~ skirt ɳÛÝ fumigate [΄fju:migeit] v Í˳ѳñ»É, ÍáõË
÷»ß/(ÏÉÛáß)£ ï³É. ËÝϳñÏ»É, ËáõÝÏ ÍË»É:
full [ful] adv ³ÙμáÕçáõÃÛ³Ùμ, áõÕÕ³ÏÇ. look fun [fΛn] n ѳ×áõÛù, áõñ³ËáõÃÛáõÝ. ½í³ñ-
smb ~ in the face/ eye Ù»ÏÇ »ñ»ëÇÝ /³ãù»ñÇÝ ×³Ýù, ϳï³Ï. have a ~ ѳ×áõÛù ëï³Ý³É.
áõÕÇÕ Ý³Û»É. drive ~ out ÉñÇí ³ñ³·áõÃÛ³Ùμ What a ~! ƯÝã áõñ³Ë ¿. He’s great ~ ܳ ß³ï
·Ý³É. know ~ well ɳí ÇٳݳÉ: ϳï³Ï³ë»ñ Ù³ñ¹ ¿. It’s no ~ àã ÙÇ Ñ³×áõÛù
full-back [‚ful΄bæk] n Ùñ½. å³ßïå³Ý ãϳ/ ¸³ ϳï³Ï ã¿. make ~ ͳÕñ»É, Ó»é
(ýáõïμáÉ): ³éÝ»É, ϳï³Ï ³Ý»É. for ~ ϳï³ÏÇ
full-blooded [‚ful΄blΛdid] a ½ï³ñÛáõÝ: ѳٳñ. do smth for ~ ϳï³ÏÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ
full dress [‚ful΄dres] a ÉñÇí ïáÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³- ³Ý»É. spoil the ~ ѳ×áõÛùÁ ÷ã³óÝ»É:
·áõëï. a ~ dinner ѳݹÇë³íáñ ׳ßÏ»ñáõÛÃ. function [΄fΛŋk∫n] n ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛáõÝ, ·áñ-
a ~ rehersal óïñ. ·É˳íáñ ÷áñÓ: ͳéáõÛÃ. the ~ of the heart ëñïÇ ·áñÍáõÝ»áõ-
full-fledged [‚ful΄fledзd] a ϳ½Ù³íáñí³Í, ÃÛáõÝÁ. (å³ßïáÝ, å³ñï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ)
ѳëáõݳó³Í. ÷»ïñ³íáñí³Í: carry out one’s ~ Çñ å³ñï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ
full-length [‚ful΄leŋθ] a ³ÙμáÕç ѳë³- ϳï³ñ»É. It is his ~ ¸³ Ýñ³ å³ßïáÝÝ
Ïáí/»ñϳÛÝùáí. a ~ portrait/dress ³ÙμáÕç ¿/å³ñï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ ¿. in his ~ as a judge
ѳë³Ïáí Ýϳñ, »ñϳñ ½·»ëï. fall ~ ³Ù- ¹³ï³íáñÇ å³ßïáÝáõÙ. (å³ßïáݳϳÝ
μáÕç ѳë³Ïáí Ù»Ï Ù»ÏÝí»É: ÁݹáõÝ»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ) public/social ~ ÁݹáõÝ»Éáõ-
fullscale [‚ful΄skeil] a μÝ³Ï³Ý Ù»ÍáõÃÛ³Ý. a ÃÛáõÝ. attend some ~ Ý»ñϳ ÉÇÝ»É å³ßïáݳ-
~ model μÝ³Ï³Ý Ù»ÍáõÃÛ³Ý Ùá¹»É. a ~ attack Ï³Ý ÁݹáõÝ»ÉáõÃÛ³Ý:
function 348 furniture

function [΄fΛŋk∫n] v ·áñÍ»É, ³ß˳ï»É. ë³ñë³÷. be in a ~ í³ËíË»É, í³Ë»Ý³É.


å³ßïáÝ Ï³ï³ñ»É. The new cinema is al- funk [fΛŋk] v ËëÏó. í³Ë»Ý³É, »ñÏÝã»É. ~
ready ~ing Üáñ ÏÇÝáóïñáÝÁ ³ñ¹»Ý the exam ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó í³Ë»Ý³É. He
·áñÍáõÙ ¿. The telephone doesn’t ~ лé³ËáëÁ ~ed it ܳ í³Ë»ó³í ³Û¹ ³Ý»É:
ãÇ ³ß˳ïáõÙ: funnel [΄fΛnl] n Ó³·³ñ, ÍËÝ»ÉáõÛ½:
functional [΄fΛŋk∫nəl] a ·áñͳé³Ï³Ý, funnily [΄fΛnili] adv ½í³ñ׳ÉÇ, ï³ñûñÇ-
ýáõÝÏóÇáݳÉ. ~ ability ·áñÍ»Éáõ áõݳÏáõ- ݳÏ. ~ enough áñù³Ý ¿É ï³ñûñÇݳÏ.
ÃÛáõÝ I’m ~ in French ºë ѳÕáñ¹³ÏóíáõÙ »Ù funny [΄fΛni] a ½í³ñ׳ÉÇ ï³ñûñÇݳÏ. a ~
ýñ³Ýë»ñ»Ýáí: ÑÙÏñ·. ~ array ýáõÝÏóÇáÝ³É story ³Ý»Ï¹áï. He’s just trying to be ~ ܳ
Ù³ïñÇó. ~ capabilities ýáõÝÏóÇáÝ³É Ñݳ- å³ñ½³å»ë ½í³ñ׳ë»ñ ¿ Ó¨³ÝáõÙ. have a
ñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. ~ character ýáõÝÏóÇáÝ³É ~ feeling ï³ñûñÇÝ³Ï ½·³óáõÙ áõݻݳÉ.
ëÇÙíáÉ. ~ diagram ýáõÝÏóÇáÝ³É ë˻ٳ. ~ There is smth ~/some ~ business ÆÝã-áñ ï³ñû-
failure ýáõÝÏóÇáÝ³É ë˳É. ~ fault ýáõÝÏ- ñÇÝ³Ï μ³Ý ϳ ³Ûëï»Õ:
óÇáÝ³É íóñ: fur [fə:] 1. n ÙáñÃÇ. ~s ÙáñûջÝ, Ùáõßï³Ï»-
functionary [΄fΛŋk∫nəri] n å³ßïáÝ³Ï³Ý Õ»Ý. (Ùáõßï³Ï³Ùáñà ·³½³Ý) ~ and feather
³ÝÓ. å»ï³Ï³Ý å³ßïáÝÛ³: Ùáõßï³Ï³Ùáñà ϻݹ³ÝÇÝ»ñ. 2. a Ùáñû. a
fund [fΛnd] n ýáݹ, ϳåÇï³É. ~s ¹ñ³Ù³- ~ coat Ùáñû í»ñ³ñÏáõ. (Ýëïí³Íù) ~ on a
ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ. public ~s ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ÙÇçáó- kettle Ýëïí³Íù û۳ٳÝÇ Ù»ç. ~ on one’s
Ý»ñ. pension Ï»Ýë³Ãá߳ϳÛÇÝ ÑÇÙݳ¹ñ³Ù. tongue μÅßÏ. ÷³é É»½íÇ íñ³:
raise ~(s) ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ ѳí³ù»É/ѳÛóÛûÉ. ~ - furbish [΄fə:bi∫] v Ù³ùñ»É, ÷³ÛÉ»óÝ»É. í»ñ³-
raising campaign û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ÑÇÙݳ¹ñ³ÙÇ Ï³Ý·Ý»É, í»ñ³Ýáñá·»É:
³ñß³í/ϳÙå³Ýdz. private ~ Ù³ëݳíáñ furious [΄fjuəriəs] a ϳï³ÕÇ, ·³½³½³Í.
ϳåÇï³É. invest ~s ϳåÇï³É Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ- μáõéÝ, ³Ýë³ÝÓ. ~ struggle ÙáÉ»·ÇÝ å³Ûù³ñ.
Ý»ñ ³Ý»É. sinking ~ Ù³ñÙ³Ý Ï³åÇï³É. be a ~ look ·³½³½³Í ѳ۳óù. a ~ wind ϳ-
out of ~s ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ/÷áÕ ãáõݻݳÉ. ~ for the ï³ÕÇ ù³ÙÇ. at a ~ pace ϳï³ÕÇ/Ù»Í ³ñ³-
victims of ýáݹ ½áÑ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ: ·áõÃÛ³Ùμ be ~ with smn Ù»ÏÇ íñ³ ϳï³-
fundamental [‚fΛndə΄mentl] n ÑÇÙݳϳÝ, Õ³Í ÉÇݻɣ
¿³Ï³Ý. ~ defect ¿³Ï³Ý ûñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ value furl [fə:l] v ͳɻÉ, ÷³Ã³Ã»É. ѳí³ù»É. ~
ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ³ñÅ»ù. a ~ difference ÑÇÙݳ- one’s umbrella ³ÝÓñ¨³ÝáóÁ ͳɻÉ. ~ sails/a
ϳÝ/¿³Ï³Ý ï³ñμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ law ÑÇÙݳ- flag ³é³·³ëïÁ ѳí³ù»É. ¹ñáßÁ ͳɻÉ:
Ï³Ý ûñ»Ýù, ë³Ñٳݳ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ: fur-lined [΄fə:laind] a ÙáñÃáí »ñǽí³Í. ~
fundamentally [‚fΛndə΄mentli] adv ÑÇÙ- boots ÙáñÃáí »ñǽí³Í ÏáßÇÏÝ»ñ:
ݳϳÝáõÙ: furnace [΄fə:nis] n ÑÝáó, ѳÉáó. ÷Ëμ. ÷áñ-
fundamentals [‚fΛndə΄mentls] n ÑÇÙáõÝù- ÓáõÃÛáõÝ, μáí. The room was like a ~ ê»ÝÛ³-
Ý»ñ: ÏáõÙ ³Ñ³íáñ ßá· ¿ñ/ÐÝáóÇ ¿ñ ÝÙ³Ý:
funding [΄fΛndiŋ] n ýÇݳÝë³íáñáõÙ. full ~ furnish [΄fə:ni∫] v Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñ»É, ³å³Ñá-
ÉñÇí ýÇݳÝë³íáñáõÙ. ~ criterion/source í»É, ï³É. ѳÛóÛûÉ. ~ with information ï»-
ýÇݳÝë³íáñÙ³Ý ã³÷³ÝÇß/³ÕμÛáõñ. self ~ Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ѳÕáñ¹»É/Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñ»É.
ÇÝùݳýÇݳÝë³íáñáõÙ: ~ with provisions Ùûñùáí Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñ»É.
funeral [΄fju:nrəl] 1. n óÕáõÙ, ÑáõÕ³ñϳ- (ϳѳíáñ»É) ~ the room/the flat ë»ÝÛ³ÏÁ/
íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ service Ñ᷻ѳݷÇëï. ~ pro- μݳϳñ³ÝÁ ϳѳíáñ»É. rent a ~ed flat ϳ-
cession óÕÙ³Ý Ã³÷áñ. attend ~s Ý»ñϳ ѳíáñí³Í μݳϳñ³Ý í³ñÓ»É:
ÉÇÝ»É/Ù³ëݳÏó»É óÕÙ³ÝÁ. 2. a óÕÙ³Ý, furnishings [΄fə:ni∫iŋz] n pl ϳÑϳñ³ëÇ,
ÑáõÕ³ñϳíáñáõÃÛ³Ý: ϳѳíáñ³Ýù. ë³ñù³íáñáõÙ, ë³ñù. soft ~
funereal [΄fju:niəriəl] a íßï³ÉÇ, ë·³ÉÇ: ÷³÷áõÏ Ï³ÑáõÛù:
funicular [fju:΄nikjələ] n ×áå³ÝáõÕÇ. a ~ car furniture [΄fə:nit∫ə] n ϳÑáõÛù, ϳh³íá-
×áå³ÝáõÕáõ í³·áÝ: ñ³Ýù, ϳÑ-ϳñ³ëÇ. ~ and fittings ϳÑáõÛù ¨
fungus [΄fΛŋgəs] n ëáõÝÏ. ëÝÏÇÏ, μáñμáë: ë³ñù³íáñáõÙ. modern/old-fashioned/plain/
funk [fΛŋk] n í³Ë, Ëáõ׳å. blue ~ ËëÏó. second hand ~ ųٳݳϳÏÇó/Ñݳá×/ѳ-
furore 349 fuzzy

ë³ñ³Ï/û·ï³·áñÍ³Í Ï³ÑáõÛù set of ~ Éñ³- fuselage [΄fju:zəla:з] n ³í. ÇÝùݳÃÇéÇ


ϳ½Ù ϳÑáõÛù. piece of ~ ϳÑáõÛùÇ ³é³ñ- ÏÙ³Ëù. ýÛáõ½»É³Å:
ϳ. ~ factory ϳÑáõÛùÇ ·áñͳñ³Ý: fusibility [‚fju:zə΄biləti] n ѳÉáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ,
furore [fju΄rɔ:ri] n ³ÕÙϳÉÇó, ßéݹ³ÉÇó ¹Ûáõñ³Ñ³ÉáõÃÛáõÝ:
ѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ýáõñáñ: fusible [΄fju:zəbl] a ¹Ûáõñ³Ñ³É:
furrier [΄fΛriə] n Ùáñó·áñÍ, Ùáõßï³Ï³- fusillade [‚fju:zə΄leid] n Ññ³Ó·áõÃÛáõÝ,
·áñÍ: ·Ý¹³Ï³Ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
furrow [΄fΛrəu] 1. n ³Ïáë. Ëáñ ÏÝ×Çé. 2. v fusion [΄fju:зn] n ѳÉáõÙ. Ñ³É³Í ½³Ý·í³Í.
í³ñ»É, ³ÏáëÝ»ñ ³Ý»É: ÙdzÓáõÉáõÙ:
furrowy [΄fΛrəui] a ÏÝ×éáï: fuss [fΛs] n Çñ³ñ³ÝóáõÙ, í³½í½áó. ÝÛ³ñ-
furry [΄fə:ri] a Ùáñû, ÙáñÃáí å³- ¹³ÛÇÝ íÇ׳Ï. make a/kick up a ~ Çñ³ñ ³Ýó-
ï³Í/»ñǽí³Í: Ý»É. a ~ about nothing Ù»Í ³ÕÙáõÏ Ù³Ýñáõù-
fur-seal [΄fə:si:l] n ϻݹ. Íáí³ßáõÝ: Ý»ñÇ å³ï׳éáí£
further [΄fə:ðə] a ѻﳷ³, Éñ³óáõóÇã. for ~ fuss [fΛs] v Çñ³ñ ³ÝóÝ»É, ¹³ï³ñÏ μ³Ý»ñáí
development ѻﳷ³ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ. ½μ³Õí»É. Ó³ÝÓñ³óÝ»É, ³Ýѳݷëï³óÝ»É.
without ~ difficulties ³é³Ýó ѻﳷ³ μ³ñ- ~ over/about ѳٳÏí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. ~ over details
¹áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ. till/until ~ notice ÙÇÝ㨠ѻï³- Ù³ÝñáõùÝ»ñÇ Ù»ç Ëñí»É. ~ over smb Ù»ÏÇ
·³ ͳÝáõóáõÙ. ~ instructions Éñ³óáõóÇã óáõ- íñ³ ¹áÕ³É:
óáõÙÝ»ñ. the ~ end of the hall ¹³ÑÉÇ×Ç Ñ»éáõ fusspot [΄fΛspɒt] n ËëÏó. ³ÝѳݷÇëï/
ÏáÕÙÁ/ͳÛñÁ. ÷áõÃÏáï Ù³ñ¹:
further [΄fə:ðə] adv ³í»ÉÇ Ñ»éáõ. μ³óÇ ³Û¹, fussy [΄fΛs] a ÷áõÃÏáï, ³ÝѳݷÇëï, Çñ³ñ
³ÛÝáõÑ»ï¨. It’s dangerous to go any ~ ²í»ÉÇ ³ÝóÝáÕ:
Ñ»éáõ ·Ý³ÉÁ íï³Ý·³íáñ ¿. and ~ ¨ μ³óÇ fusty [΄fΛsti] a μáñμáëݳÍ, ٷɳÍ. ÷Ëμ. ÑÇÝ
³Û¹. Don’t trouble yourself ~ ²Ûɨë ÙÇ ³Ý- ѳ۳óùÝ»ñÇ ï»ñ, É׳ó³Í:
ѳݷëï³Ý³. What happened ~ ? ²ÛÝáõÑ»ï¨ futile [΄fju:tail] a ³å³ñ¹ÛáõÝ, ³Ýû·áõï. áã
DZÝã å³ï³Ñ»ó: ϳñ¨áñ, ¹³ï³ñÏ. a ~ attempt ³Ýû·áõï/
further [΄fə:ðə] v ³é³ç ÙÕ»É, ËóݻÉ. ~ the ³å³ñ¹ÛáõÝ ÷áñÓ. a ~ play ¹³ï³ñÏ/³Ý-
success ѳçáÕáõÃÛ³ÝÁ Ýå³ëï»É. ~ smb’s in- ÇÙ³ëï Ý»ñϳ۳óáõÙ:
terests Ù»ÏÇ ß³Ñ»ñÇÝ ûųݹ³Ï»É. ~ an end futility [fju΄tiləti] n ³å³ñ¹ÛáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ,
Ùáï»óÝ»É ³í³ñïÁ: ³Ýû·ï³Ï³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ٳϻñ»ë³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
furthermore [‚fə:ðə΄mɔ:] adv μ³óÇ ³Û¹, ¨ future [΄fju:t∫ə] n ³å³·³, ·³ÉÇù. in the ~
³í»ÉÇÝ: ³å³·³ÛáõÙ. ~ generations/times ·³ÉÇù ë»-
furthest [΄fə:ðist] a, adv ³Ù»Ý³Ñ»é³íáñ, ñáõݹݻñÁ/ųٳݳÏÝ»ñ for the/in ~ ³Ûëáõ-
³Ù»ÝÇó Ñ»éáõ: Ñ»ï¨, ѻﳷ³ÛáõÙ. ~ tense ù»ñ. ³å³éÝÇ
furtive [΄fə:tiv] a óùáõÝ, ·³Õï³·áÕÇ. a ~ ųٳݳÏ. (Ñ»é³Ýϳñ, ³ÏÝϳÉÇù) the ~ of
glance ·³Õïݳ·áÕÇ Ñ³Û³óù. a ~ behaviour industry ³ñ¹Ûáõݳμ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý
óùóñ³Í í³ñí»É³Ï»ñå: Ñ»é³ÝϳñÁ. a great ~ Ù»Í Ñ»é³ÝϳñÝ»ñ.
furtively [΄fə:tivli] adv óùáõÝ, ·³Õï³·á- There is no ~ in it ËëÏó. ¸³ Ñ»é³Ýϳñ ãáõÝÇ£
ÕÇ. go away ~ óùáõÝ Ñ»é³Ý³É: future [΄fju:t∫ə] a ³å³·³, ·³ÉÇù. ~ events
fury [΄fjuəri] n ϳï³ÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ÙáÉ»·Ýáõ- ³å³·³ Çñ³¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ. my ~ teacher
ÃÛáõÝ. in a ~ ϳï³Õ³Í, ÙáÉ»·Ý³Í. work ÇÙ ³å³·³ ¹³ë³ïáõÝ£
oneself into a ~ ·³½³½»É. ã³ñ ³ëïí³ÍáõÑÇ. fuzz [fΛz] n ³Õí³Ù³½, ˳í. ×áË/÷³ñóÙ
ýáõñdz. ÷Ëμ. ã³ñ/Ïéí³ñ³ñ ÏÇÝ: Ù³½»ñ:
fuse [fju:z]1. n μéÝÏÇã, å³ÛóùáõÕ. é½Ù. fuzzily [΄fΛzili] adv ³Ýáñáß, ³ÝѳÛï:
å³ÛÃáõóÇã. ~ ¿É. ¹Ûáõñ³Ñ³É ³å³ÑáíÇã. fuzzy [΄fΛzi] a ˳íáï, ³Õí³Ù³½áí ͳÍÏ-
change/mend/replace a ~ ³å³ÑáíÇãÁ ÷áË»É. í³Í. ·³Ý·áõñ, Ëáõ×áõ×:
~ box ³å³ÑáíÇãÝ»ñÇ ïáõ÷. 2. v ѳÉí»É,
ÓáõÉí»É. The lights have ~d ²å³ÑáíÇãÝ»ñÝ
³Ûñí»É »Ý:
350

G
G, g [dзi:] n ³Ý·É»ñ»Ý ³Ûμáõμ»ÝÇ Ûáûñáñ¹ gaggle [΄gægl] v ÏéÝã»É (ë³·»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ):
ï³éÁ. »ñÅß. ”ëáÉ” Ó³ÛݳÝÇßÁ/ Ýáï³Ý: gaiety [΄geiəti] n áõñ³ËáõÃÛáõÝ, ½í³ñÃáõ-
gab [gæb] n ß³ï³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝ, ß³Õ³Ïñ³- ÃÛáõÝ. a mood of general ~ ѳÙÁݹѳÝáõñ áõ-
ï³Ýù. Stop ~bing ì»ñç ïáõñ ß³Õ³Ïñ³- ñ³ËáõÃÛ³Ý ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ artificial ~
ï³Ýùǹ. He’s got the gift of the ~bing ÊáëùÇ ßÇÝÍáõ áõñ³ËáõÃÛáõÝ:
ï³Ï ãÇ Ùݳ: gaily [΄geili] adv áõñ³Ë, ½í³ñÃ. å³Ûͳéá-
gabble [΄gæbl] n ³Ý¹³¹³ñ ß³ï³Ëáëáõ- ñ»Ý, í³é Ï»ñåáí:
ÃÛáõÝ. ³ÝѳëϳݳÉÇ/³Ýϳå Ëáëù: gain [gein] n ³×, ³í»É³óáõÙ. ß³Ñ, ß³ÑáõÛÃ,
gabble [΄gæbl] v ³ÝѳëϳݳÉÇ/³ÝÏ³å »Ï³Ùáõï. capital ~ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ ÇÝùݳ×. be
Ëáë»É. ~ out an apology ͳÙÍÙ»Éáí Ý»ñá- interested in ~ ß³ÑáõÛÃáí Ñ»ï³ùñùñí»É.
ÕáõÃÛáõÝ Ëݹñ»É. ~ away in German/French make substantial ~s Ëáßáñ/å³ïϳé»ÉÇ ß³-
etc ß³Õ³Ïñ³ï»É ·»ñٳݻñ»Ý/ýñ³Ýë»ñ»Ý ÑáõÛà áõݻݳÉ. a ~ in weight ù³ßÇ ³×:
¨ ³ÛÉÝ: gain [gein] v Ó»éù μ»ñ»É, ëï³Ý³É. ~ knowl-
gabbler [΄gæblə] n ß³Õ³Ïñ³ï, ß³ï³Ëáë: edge/popularity ·Çï»ÉÇù/ÅáÕáíñ¹³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ
gable [΄geibl] n ×ñï. »é³ÝÏÛáõݳӨ ï³ÝÇùÇ Ó»éù μ»ñ»É. ~ an advantage/experience ³é³-
ϳï³ñ. ýñáÝïáÝ: í»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ/÷áñÓ Ó»éù μ»ñ»É. (߳ѻÉ, ï³-
gabled [΄geibld] a ëñ³Í³Ûñ (ï³ÝÇù): Ý»É) ~ sympathy ѳٳÏñ³Ýù ߳ѻÉ. ~ a con-
gaby [΄geibi] n ÙdzÙÇï/³åáõß/³ÝË»Éù siderable sum ½·³ÉÇ ·áõÙ³ñ ߳ѻÉ. ~ time
Ù³ñ¹: Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ß³Ñ»É. ~ height/speed μ³ñÓñáõ-
gad [gæd] v ó÷³é»É, ¹³ï³ñϳßñç»É. ~ ÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ëÝ»É, ³ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝ ½³ñ·³óÝ»É. ~
about town ÷Ëμ. ù³Õ³ùáí Ù»Ï ßñç»É: weight ù³ß ³í»É³óÝ»É. My watch ~s 5 min-
gad fly [΄gædflai] n μáé. ÷Ëμ. Ó³ÝÓñ³ÉÇ/ utes a day ijٳóáõÛóë ³Ù»Ý ûñ 5 ñáå»
ï³ÕïϳÉÇ Ù³ñ¹: ³é³ç ¿ ÁÝÏÝáõÙ. ~ strength áõÅ Ó»éù μ»ñ»É.
gadget [΄gædзit] n ѳñÙ³ñ³Ýù, ë³ñù. a ~ (ѳëÝ»É) ~ aim/independence Ýå³ï³ÏÇÝ
for washing windows å³ïáõѳÝÝ»ñÁ Éí³- ѳëÝ»É, ³ÝϳËáõÃÛáõÝ Ó»éù μ»ñ»É. (ѳÕ-
ݳÉáõ ѳñÙ³ñ³Ýù: ûÉ, ѳëÝ»É) ~ a victory/a majority ѳÕó-
gaff [gæf] n ÓÏÝáñë³Ï³Ý »é³Å³ÝÇ: Ý³Ï Ó»éù μ»ñ»É, ٻͳٳëÝáõÃÛáõÝ ß³Ñ»É.
gaff [gæf] n ËëÏó. ¿Å³Ý³·ÇÝ Ã³ïñáÝ/å³- ~ territory ï³ñ³Íù Ýí³×»É. ~ momentum ³-
ñ³ëñ³Ñ (ݳ¨ penny ~):
ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝÁ ٻͳóÝ»É. ~ confidence íëï³-
gaffer [΄gæfə] n Í»ñáõÏ, ·»ÕçáõÏ: ÑáõÃÛáõÝ ß³Ñ»É. ~ ground ɳÛÝ ï³ñ³ÍáõÙ
gag [gæg] n μ»ñ³Ý³Ï³å, Ëóáó. ËëÏó., ëï³Ý³É. ~ access ÙáõïùÇ ÃáõÛÉïíáõÃÛáõÝ/
óïñ. ëñ³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝ, ÍÇͳճ߳ñÅ
Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ Ó»éù μ»ñ»É. ~ to the sum-
ѳí»ÉáõÙ. introduce ~s ËëÏó., óïñ. ÇÝù-
mit ·³·³ÃÇÝ Ñ³ëÝ»É. ~ on ѳëÝ»É, Ñ»ï¨Çó
ݳѳí»ÉáõÙÝ»ñ ϳï³ñ»É Ý»ñϳ۳óÙ³Ý
ѳëÝ»É. The car is ~ing on us Ø»ù»Ý³Ý
ÁÝóóùáõÙ:
ѳëÝáõÙ ¿ Ù»½. ~ on the leader Ùñ½. ³é³-
gag [gæg] v ~ smb. Ù»ÏÇ μ»ñ³ÝÁ ɳà ËáûÉ/
÷³Ï»É/ϳå»É: ç³ï³ñÇÝ Ñ³ëÝ»É. ~ the upper hand ѳÕûÉ.
gaga [΄ga:ga:] a ³ÝÇÙ³ëï, ³ÝѻûÃ. Ë»ÉùÁ ~ on one’s pursuers åáÏí»É Ñ»ï³åݹáÕ-
Ãéóñ³Í.óݹ³Í. He’s a ~ Ê»ÉùÁ Ãéóñ»É ¿: Ý»ñÇó. ÑÙÏñ·. áõŻճóáõÙ ~ control áõ-
gage I [geidз]1. n »ñ³ßËÇù. ٻݳٳñïÇ Å»Õ³óÙ³Ý Ï³ñ·³íáñáõÙ. ~ factor áõÅ»-
Ññ³í»ñ. throw down a ~ ٻݳٳñïÇ Õ³óÙ³Ý ·áñͳÏÇó. ~ margin áõŻճóÙ³Ý
Ññ³íÇñ»É. 2. v »ñ³ß˳íáñ»É, ·ñ³½ ë³ÑÙ³Ý:
·³É: gainful [΄geinfl] a ߳ѳí»ï, û·ï³í»ï,
gage II [geidз] n Íáí. ݳíÇ ¹ÇñùÁ ù³Ùáõ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï. ~ occupation ߳ѳí»ï/ɳí
ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ: í³ñÓ³ïñíáÕ ³ß˳ï³Ýù.
gainings 351 game I

gainings [΄geiniŋz] n pl ß³ÑáõÙ, ß³Ñ, í³ë- 4.54 É., ²ØÜ- 3.78 É). imperial ~ ³Ý·ÉdzϳÝ
ï³Ï, »Ï³Ùáõï: ·³ÉáÝ:
gait [geit] n ù³ÛÉí³Íù, ù³ÛÉù.³Ù. ³ñ³·áõ- galoon [gə΄lu:n] n ½³ñ¹³Å³å³í»Ý, ½³ñ¹-
ÃÛáõÝ. steady/ unsteady/heavy / light /shuffling »ñǽ:
/awkward ~ ѳëï³ïáõÝ/»ñ»ñáõÝ/ ͳÝñ/ û- gallop [΄gæləp] n ù³é³ïñá÷ ³ñß³í. at full
è/ ùëïùëï³óÝáÕ /³ÝßÝáñÑù ù³ÛÉí³Íù: ~ ëñ³ñß³í, μáõéÝ Ã³÷áí:
gaiters [΄geitəz] n pl ëéݳå³ÝÝ»ñ: gallows [΄gæləuz] n pl ϳ˳ճÝ:
gala [΄ga:lə] n, a ѳݹ»ë, ïáݳËÙμáõÃÛáõÝ. gallows-bird [΄gæləuzbə:d] n ϳ˳ճÝÇ
ïáݳϳÝ, ßù»Õ. ~ concert ßù»Õ/ïáÝ³Ï³Ý ³ñųÝÇ/³ÝåÇï³Ý Ù³ñ¹:
ѳٻñ·: gallows-tree [΄gæləuztri:] n ϳ˳ճÝ:
galantine [΄gælənti:n] n ¹áݹáÕ, ¹áݹáÕ³- gall-stone [΄gɔ:lstəun] n μÅßÏ. ɻճå³ñÏÇ
íáñ áõï»ÉÇù: ù³ñ:
galaxy [΄gæləksi] n ³ëïÕ·. ·³É³ÏïÇϳ, galore [gə΄lɔ:] adv ³é³ï, ß³ï. ËëÏó. ³é³-
ÌÇñ γÃÇÝ, гñ¹³·áÕÇ Ö³Ý³å³ñÑ: ïáõÃÛáõÝ:
gale [geil] n ÑáÕÙ, μáõù, ÷áÃáñÇÏ. It was blow- galosh [gə΄lɒ∫] n ÏñÏݳÏáßÇÏ:
ing a ~ Þ³ï áõÅ»Õ ù³ÙÇ ¿ñ ÷ãáõÙ. a ~ force galumph [gə΄lΛmf] v ËëÏó. áõñ³ËáõÃÛáõ-
wind ÷áÃáñϳμ»ñ ù³ÙÇ. ~ warning ÷áÃáñ- ÝÇó ó³ïÏáï»É/ÃéãÏáï»É:
ÏÇ ³½¹³Ýß³Ý. ~ of laughter ÍÇͳÕÇ åáéÃ- galvanic [gæl΄vænik] a ¿É. ·³Éí³Ý³Ï³Ý.
ÏáõÙ: ÷Ëμ. ³Ý³ÏÝϳÉ. ~ smile ³ÝμݳϳÝ
gall [gɔ:l] n Ù³ÕÓ, É»ÕÇ. ɻճå³ñÏ. ÷Ëμ. ÅåÇï:
³ï»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ, ¹³éÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ùÇÝ. ~ and galvanization [‚gælvənai΄zei∫n] n ï»Ë.,
wormwood ½½í»ÉÇ/³ï»ÉÇ μ³Ý: μÅßÏ. ·³Éí³Ý³óáõÙ:
gallant I [΄gælənt] n, a Ýñμ³ÏÇñà ٳñ¹. galvanize [΄gælvənaiz] v ï»Ë., μÅßÏ. ·³É-
Ïݳٻͳñ. ù³ç, ÏïñÇ×, Ëǽ³Ë: í³Ý³óÝ»É. ~ smb into action ÷Ëμ. Ù»ÏÇÝ
gallant II [gə΄lænt] n »ñÏñå³·áõ: ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛ³Ý ¹ñ¹»É:
gallant [gə΄lænt] a ù³Õ³ù³í³ñÇ, μ³ñ»- gamble [΄gæmbl] n Ùáɻ˳Õ, íï³Ý·³íáñ
ÏÇñÃ. ëÇñ³ÛÇÝ: ·áñÍ, éÇëÏ. It’s a bit of a ~ ¸³ ÙÇ ÷áùñ
gallantry [΄gæləntri] n ù³çáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳٳñ- íï³Ý·³íáñ ¿:
Ó³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. μ³ñ»ÏñÃáõÃÛáõÝ. Ïݳٻͳñáõ- gamble [΄gæmbl] v ÙáÉ»Ë³Õ Ë³Õ³É. ~ on
ÃÛáõÝ: the stock exchange μáñë³Ûáõ٠˳ճÉ. ~ away
gall-bladder [΄gɔ:l‚blædə] n ϽÙË. ɻճ- ï³ÝáõÉ ï³É. He has ~d away his money
å³ñÏ: ܳ Çñ ÷áÕÁ ï³ÝáõÉ ïí»ó. ~ on ÑáõÛë
gallery [΄gæləri] n ëñ³Ñ, å³ïÏ»ñ³ëñ³Ñ ¹Ý»É:
(ݳ¨ picture ~). óïñ. í»ñݳëñ³Ñ (μ³É- gambler [΄gæmblə] n ˳ճÙáÉ, ÃÕóÙáÉ.
ÏáÝ. ·³ÉÛáñϳ). play to the ~ ÷Ëμ., ËëÏó. ߳ѳ˳ñ¹³Ë. ³ý»ñÇëï:
ѳݹÇë³ï»ëÇ ×³ß³Ïáí ß³ñÅí»É: gambilng [΄gæmbliŋ] n ÙáÉÇ/÷áÕáí ˳ջñ:
galley [΄gæli] n Ù³ÏáõÛÏ. Íáí. ݳí³Ëáѳ- game I [geim] n ˳Õ, Ùáɳ˳Õ. Ùñ½. ˳Õ,
Ýáó. åïÙ. Ãdzݳí, ·³É»ñ³ (ï³Å³Ý³ÏÇñ ѳݹÇåáõÙ. ~s Ù³ñ½³Ï³Ý ˳ջñ, Ùñó³-
³ß˳ï³Ýù). ïå·ñ. (ݳ¨ ~ proof) ï³é³- ˳ջñ. a ~ of football ýáõïμáÉÇ Ë³Õ/ѳÝ-
ϳÉ, ß³ñí³Íù³ï³Ëï³Ï: ¹ÇåáõÙ. a ~ of chess ÙÇ å³ñïdz ß³ËÙ³ï.
galley-slave [΄gæli‚sleiv] n Ãdzå³ñï, ~s of chance μ³Ëï³Ë³Õ»ñ, Ùáɻ˳ջñ.
ͳÝñ ³ß˳ï³Ýù ϳï³ñáÕ Ù³ñ¹: play a good/bad ~ ɳí/í³ï ˳ճóáÕ ÉÇÝ»É.
gallicism [΄gæli‚siz(ə)m] n ýñ³Ýë³μ³Ýáõ- play the ~ ˳ÕÇ Ï³ÝáÝÝ»ñÁ å³Ñå³Ý»É.
ÃÛáõÝ. ·³ÉÉÇóǽÙ: ÷Ëμ. ³½ÝÇí í³ñí»É. make ~ of ͳÕñ»É,
galling [΄gɔ:liŋ] a ³Ýï³Ý»ÉÇ. It was ~ to/for íñ³Ý ÍÇͳջÉ. The ~ is up ¶áñÍÁ ï³ÝáõÉ ¿
him ¸³ Ýñ³ ѳٳñ ³Ýï³Ý»ÉÇ ¿ñ: ïí³Í. be on one’s ~ Ó¨Ç Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É a ~ against
gallipot [΄gælipɒt] n ¹»Õ³·áñÍ³Ï³Ý ³ÝáÃ: (Ararat) ѳݹÇåáõÙ “²ñ³ñ³ïÇ” Ñ»ï. the
gallivant [΄gælivænt] v ó÷³é»É, Ãñ¨ ·³É: Olympic G~s úÉÇÙåÇ³Ï³Ý Ë³Õ»ñ. Good-
gallon [΄gælən] n ·³ÉáÝ (Ñ»Õáõϳã³÷, Ø´- will G~s ´³ñÇ Ï³ÙùÇ Ë³Õ»ñ. (ûÝÇë) ~ set
game II 352 gape

and match ( ûÝ.) ·»ÛÙ, ë»Ã ¨ ѳݹÇåáõÙ. ËáõÙμ. section ~ »ñϳÃáõÕ³ÛÇÝ μ³Ýíáñ-
play a double ~ ÏñÏݳÏÇ Ë³Õ Ë³Õ³É. beat Ý»ñÇ ËáõÙμ. a whole ~ of us ÙÇ ³ÙμáÕç
smb at his own ~ Ù»ÏÇÝ Çñ»Ý ½»Ýùáí ѳÕ- ËÙμáí:
ûÉ. spoil one’s ~ ˳ÕÁ ÷ã³óÝ»É. ~s ˳ջñ. gang-board [΄gæŋbɔ:d] n (ݳ¨ gangplank,
indoor/outdoor ~s Ý»ñëÇ/¹ñëÇ (μ³óûÃÛ³) gangway) (ݳíÇó ³÷ ÇçÝ»Éáõ) ϳÙñç³Ï,
˳ջñ. practice ~s Ù³ñ½Çã/Ù³ñ½ã³Ï³Ý »É³ñ³Ý:
˳ջñ. champion ~s ³é³çÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ë³Õ»ñ. ganger [΄gæŋə] n í»ñ³Ï³óáõ:
(ѳݹÇåáõÙ) win/loose a ~ ï³Ý»É, ï³ñí»É ganger [΄gæŋə] n Ñ»ïÇáïÝ, áïùáí ·Ý³óáÕ
(˳ÕÁ). exciting/thrilling ~ Ñáõ½Çã ˳Õ. Ù³ñ¹:
The ~ was in full swing ʳÕÇ Ã»Å å³ÑÝ ganglion [΄gæŋgliən] n ϽÙË. ÝÛ³ñ¹³ÏÍÇÏ,
¿ñ£ ÝÛ³ñ¹³Ñ³Ý·áõÛó:
game II [geim] n áñë. áñëÇ ÃéãáõÝÝ»ñ/Ï»Ý- gangplank [΄gæŋplæŋk] n ï»°ë gang-
¹³ÝÇÝ»ñ. big ~ áñëÇ Ëáßáñ ϻݹ³ÝÇ. áñëÇ board:
ÙÇë. fair ~ ÃéãáõÝÝ»ñ ¨ ϻݹ³ÝÇÝ»ñ, áñáÝó gangrene [΄gæŋgri:n] n ÷ï³Ëï, ·³Ý·ñ»-
áñëÁ ÃáõÛɳïñí³Í ¿. ~ bag áñë³å³ñÏ. ~ ݳ:
reserve ³ñ·»É³í³Ûñ, ³ñ·»Éáó. ~ laws áñëÇ gangrenous [΄gæŋgrinəs] a ÷ï³Ëï³ÛÇÝ,
ϳÝáÝÝ»ñ. easy ~ ÷Ëμ. ßáõï ˳μíáÕ ·³Ý·ñ»Ý³ÛÇÝ:
Ù³ñ¹. ~ for anything ³Ù»Ý ÇÝãÇ å³ïñ³ëï. gangster [΄gæŋstə] n ·³Ý·ëï»ñ, μ³Ý¹Çï:
ÑÙÏñ·. ˳Õ, ˳ճÛÇÝ Íñ³·Çñ. ~ problem gangway [΄gæŋwei] n (ݳ¨ gangplank) ݳ-
˳ճÛÇÝ ËݹÇñ. ~ rule ˳ÕÇ Ï³ÝáÝ. ~ í³/ û¹³Ý³í³ë³Ý¹áõÕù. raise the ~ ë³Ý-
with inexact information áã ÉñÇí ÇÝýáñ- ¹áõÕùÁ Ñ»é³óÝ»É:
Ù³ódzÛáí ˳Õ: gaol [dзeil] n ½Ý¹³Ý, μ³Ýï, μ³Ýï³ñÏáõ-
game [geim] v ÙáÉ³Ë³Õ Ë³Õ³É: ÃÛáõÝ:
game [geim] a Ë»Õí³Í, íݳëí³Í. a ~ leg gaolbird [΄dзeilbə:d] n ÷Ëμ. ϳɳݳíáñ,
Ë»Õí³Í/íݳëí³Í áïù: ùñ»³Ï³Ý ѳÝó³íáñ:
game-cock [΄geimkɒk] n Ù³ñï³ùÉáñ (³ù- gaoler [΄dзeilə] n μ³Ýï³å³Ñ:
Éáñ³ÏéíÇ í³ñÅ»óñ³Í): gap [gæp] n ×»Õù, μ³óí³Íù, Í³Ï (å³ïÇ/
gamely [΄geimli] adv ³ÝÝÏáõÝáñ»Ý: ó³Ýϳå³ïÇ Ù»ç). ”å³ïáõѳݔ ¹³ë»ñÇ
games master [΄geimz‚ma:stə] n ýǽÏáõÉ- ÙÇç¨. through a ~ in the wall å³ïÇ Í³ÏÇ
ïáõñ³ÛÇ ¹³ë³ïáõ: ÙÇçáí. the ~ between the wars å³ï»ñ³½Ù-
gamesome [΄geimsəm] a ½í³ñÃ, áõñ³Ë: Ý»ñÇ ÙÇç¨ ÁÝÏ³Í Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³ÙÇçáó. a ~ in
gamester [΄geimstə] n ˳ճÙáÉ, ÃÕóÙáÉ: a text μ³ó ï»Õ/³ñ³Ýù ï»ùëïáõÙ. leave a ~
gaming-house [΄geimiŋhaus] n ˳ճ- for ï»Õ ÃáÕÝ»É... ѳٳñ. a ~ in defences
ïáõÝ: é½Ù.×»Õù/×»Õùí³Íù å³ßïå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ
gamma [΄gæmə] n “·³ÙÙ³” ÑáõÝ³Ï³Ý ³Û- Ù»ç. a ~ in mountains ÏÇñ× É»éÝ»ñáõÙ. a ~ in
μáõμ»ÝÇ ï³é. ~ rays ·³ÙÙ³ ׳鳷³ÛÃ- knowledge/memory ·Çï»ÉÇùÝ»ñÇ μ³ó. ÑÇßá-
Ý»ñ: ÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ùó·ÝáõÙ/Ïáñáõëï. ~ of 7 years ÛáÃ
gammon I [΄gæmən] n Ëá½³åáõËï, ï³ñí³ ï³ñμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ in the conversa-
³åËï³Í ³½¹ñ: tion ¹³¹³ñ ½ñáõÛóÇ ÁÝóóùáõÙ. a wide ~ be-
gammon II [΄gæmən] n ˳μ»áõÃÛáõÝ, tween Ù»Í ï³ñμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ...ÙÇç¨. fill the ~
˳μ»μ³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ: å³Ï³ëÁ Éñ³óÝ»É. fill up/ stop the ~ å³Ï³ëÁ
gamp [gæmp] n Ù»Í Ñáí³Ýáó: Éñ³óÝ»É, ¹³ï³ñÏ ï»ÕÁ ½μ³Õ»óÝ»É:
gamut [΄gæmət] n »ñÅß. ·³ÙÙ³. Ó³Ûݳͳ- ÑÙÏñ·. μ³ó³ï. ~ character μ³ó³ïÇ ÝÇß. ~
í³É, ¹Ç³å³½áÝ: digits ¹³ï³ñÏ Ï³ñ·»ñ. ~ on magnetic
gamy [΄geimi] a áñëÇ Ñ³Ù áõÝ»óáÕ. áñ- tape ûñáõÃÛáõÝ Ù³·ÝÇë³Ï³Ý ųå³í»ÝÇ
ë³é³ï, áñë³ß³ï: íñ³:
gander [΄gændə] n ³ñáõ ë³·: gape [geip] n Ñáñ³Ýç. ½³ñÙ³Ýù ³ñï³Ñ³Û-
gang [gæŋ] n μñÇ·³¹, ËáõÙμ, Ñ»ñó÷áË. ïáÕ Ñ³Û³óù. ³Ýóù, ͳÏ, μ³óí³Íù. ~s
(ѳÝó³·áñÍÝ»ñÇ) μ³Ý¹³, Ññáë³Ï³- Ñáñ³ÝçÙ³Ý Ýáå³:
gape 353 gas main

gape [geip] v Ñáñ³Ýç»É. ~ at smth ËëÏó. μ»- garnish [΄ga:ni∫] v ½³ñ¹³ñ»É, ݳËß»É.
ñ³Ýμ³ó ݳۻÉ. a gaping wound /abyss ËáñÁ áõï»ÉÇùÁ ˳í³ñï»É. Çñ³í. å³ñï³-
μ³óí³Í í»ñù, ËáñËáñ³ï: å³ÝÇ ·áõÛùÇ íñ³ ϳɳÝù ¹Ý»É. ~ meat with
gaptoothed [‚gæp΄tu:θt] a Ýáëñ ³ï³ÙÝ»- mayonnaise ÙÇëÁ Ù³ÛáÝ»½áí ˳í³ñï»É:
ñáí: garnisher [΄ga:ni∫ə] n å³ñï³å³ÝÇ ·áõÛùÇ
garage [΄gæra:з] 1. n ³íïáïݳÏ, ·³ñ³Å. íñ³ ϳɳÝù ¹Ý»Éáõ å³Ñ³Ýç Ý»ñϳ۳ó-
ëå³ë³ñÏÙ³Ý Ï³Û³Ý. Ù»ù»Ý³Ý ·³ñ³Å ÝáÕ:
ï³Ý»É/ϳݷݻóÝ»É. 2. v Ù»ù»Ý³Ý ·³ñ³Å garret [΄gærət] n Ó»ÕݳѳñÏ. ËëÏó. ·ÉáõË,
ï³Ý»É/ϳݷݻóÝ»É/·³ñ³ÅáõÙ å³Ñ»É: ”í»ñݳïáõÝ”:
garb [ga:b] n ѳ·áõëï, ï³ñ³½, ѳٳ- garrison [΄gærisən] n ϳ۳½áñ:
½·»ëï: garrulity [gə΄ru:ləti] n ß³ï³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝ,
garbage [΄ga:bidз] n ³Õμ. ÷Ëμ. ó³Íñáñ³Ï ß³Õ³Ïñ³ï³Ýù:
³åñ³Ýù/·ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ can ³Õμ³Ù³Ý: garrulous [΄gærələs] a ß³ï³Ëáë, ß³Õ³Ï-
garble [΄ga:bl] v ³Õ³í³Õ»É, ˻ճÃÛáõñ»É. a ñ³ï. ÷Ëμ. ϳñϳã³Ñáë (³éí³Ï):
~d version of the story å³ïÙí³ÍùÇ ³Õ³- garter [΄ga:tə] n ÍÝϳϳå, ·áõÉå³ÛÇ Ï³-
í³Õí³Í ï³ñμ»ñ³ÏÁ: åÇã:
garcon [ga:r΄sɔ:ŋ] n Ù³ïáõóáÕ, ·³ñëáÝ: gas [gæs] n ·³½. ³Ù. μ»Ý½ÇÝ, í³é»ÉÇù. é½Ù.
garden [΄ga:dn] n å³ñ﻽, ½μáë³Û·Ç. the Ãáõݳíáñ ÝÛáõÃ. ÑÝù. ѳÝù³·³½. natural ~
~ of England ÷Ëμ. ²Ý·ÉdzÛÇ Ñ³ñ³í³ÛÇÝ μÝ³Ï³Ý ·³½. detonating ~ ß³é³ãáÕ ·³½
ßñç³ÝÝ»ñÁ. kitchen/vegetable ~ μ³Ýç³ñ³- noble ~ ùÇÙ. ÇÝ»ñï ·³½. deceptive ~é½Ù. ùá-
Ýáó. nursery ~ ïÝϳñ³Ý. botanical ~s Õ³ñÏáÕ ·³½. ~ alarm ùÇÙÇ³Ï³Ý ï³·Ý³å.
μáõë³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý ³Û·Ç. a ~ seat Ýëï³ñ³Ý ~ burner ·³½³ÛñÇã. ~ cooker ·³½ûç³Ë. ~
³Û·áõÙ. stroll in the ~ ½μáëÝ»É ³Û·áõÙ/å³ñ- chamber ·³½³ËóÇÏ. step on the ~ ËëÏó.
﻽áõÙ. fresh from the ~ Ñ»Ýó Ýáñ ù³Õ³Í/
(ݳ¨ ³íïá.) ·³½ ï³É/³í»É³óÝ»É turn
ѳí³ù³Í:
on/light the ~ ·³½Á ÙdzóÝ»É. turn off/put out
gardener [΄ga:dnə] n å³ñïǽå³Ý, ³Û·»- the ~ ·³½Á ³Ýç³ï»É. pump the ~ Ù»ù»Ý³Ý
å³Ý, ³Û·»·áñÍ:
ÉÇóù³íáñ»É:
gardening [΄ga:dniŋ] n ³Û·»·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ. gas [gæs] v ·³½áí Ãáõݳíáñ»É. ËëÏó. ß³-
fond of ~ ëÇñ»É ³Û·»·áñÍáõÃÛ³Ùμ ½μ³Õí»É.
Õ³Ïñ³ï»É, ¹áõñë ï³É:
~ gloves ³Û·»·áñÍ³Ï³Ý Ó»éÝáóÝ»ñ:
garden-stuff [΄ga:dnstΛf] n (³ÛÝ, ÇÝã ³×áõÙ gasbag [΄gæsbæg] n ß³ï³Ëáë, ã³ã³Ý³Ï:
¿ ³Û·áõÙ) μ³Ýç³ñ»Õ»Ý, åïáõÕÝ»ñ, ͳÕÇÏ-
gas-bracket [΄gæs‚brækit] n ·³½³É³Ùå:
Ý»ñ:
gas-engine [΄gæs‚endзin] n ·³½³ß³ñÅÇã:
gargle [΄ga:gl] n, v áÕáÕ»Éáõ Ñ»ÕáõÏ. ¹»Õ (Ïá- gaseous [΄gæsjəs] a ·³½³ÛÇÝ, ·³½³ÝÙ³Ý:
Ïáñ¹Ç/³ï³ÙÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ). áÕáÕ»É μ»ñ³-
gas-fitter [΄gæs‚fitə] n ·³½³ÙáõÕ³·áñÍ:
ÝÁ/ ÏáÏáñ¹Á:
gash [gæ∫] 1.n Ëáñ í»ñù. 2.v Ëáñ í»ñù μ³-
ݳÉ/ Ïïñ»É. His face was badly ~ed ¸»ÙùÁ
garish [΄geəri∫] a í³é, ÷³ÛÉáõÝ. ³ãùͳÏáÕ,
³Õ³Õ³ÏáÕ. ~ colours ³Õ³Õ³ÏáÕ ·áõÛÝ»ñ. a ËáñÁ Ïïñí³Í/×Õí³Í/å³ïéí³Í ¿ñ:
~ tie ã³÷³½³Ýó í³é/³ãù ͳÏáÕ ÷áÕϳå: gas-helmet [΄gæs‚helmət] n ѳϳ·³½Ç
garland [΄ga:lənd] n ͳÕÏ»åë³Ï, ͳÕϳ- ë³Õ³í³ñï:
ßÕó.³é³çÝáõÃÛ³Ý ¹³÷ÝÇ: gasification [‚gæsifi΄kei∫n] n ·³½³ÛÇÝ ¿Ý»ñ-
garlic [΄ga:lik] n ëËïáñ. a clove of ~ ëËïáñÇ ·Ç³ÛÇ Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñáõÙ, ·³½ÇýÇϳódz:
å×»Õ: gasify [΄gæsifai] v í³é»É³·³½ Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³-
garment [΄ga:mənt] n ѳ·áõëïÇ ñ»É. ·³½Ç í»ñ³Í»É:
Ù³ë/³é³ñϳ. ~s ѳ·áõëï, ½·»ëï, ßáñ: gas-jet [΄gæsdзet] n ·³½³ÛñÇã:
garner [΄ga:nə] n ßï»Ù³ñ³Ý (ݳ¨ ÷Ëμ.) gas-light [΄gæslait] n ·³½³ÛÇÝ Éáõë³íáñáõÙ,
garnet [΄ga:nit] n Ýéݳù³ñ: ·³½³É³Ùå:
garnish [΄ga:ni∫] n ½³ñ¹³ñ³Ýù, ½³ñ¹. ˳- gas main [΄gæsmein] n ·³½³ÙáõÕ, ·³½³-
í³ñï (·³ñÝÇñ)£ ï³ñ ËáÕáí³Ï:
gasman 354 gavel

gasman [΄gæsmæn] n ·³½ÇýÇϳóÙ³Ý ³ß- gateway [΄geitwei] n μ³Ï³Ýóù, μ³Ï³Ùáõïù


˳ïáÕ: (¹³ñμ³ëÇ ÙÇçáí)£
gas-mantle [΄gæs‚mæntl] n ßÇϳóÙ³Ý gather [΄gæðə] v ѳí³ù(í)»É, ÅáÕáí(í)»É,
ó³Ýó: Ïáõï³Ï»É. ~ flowers /information/a collection
gas-mask [΄gæsma:sk] n ѳϳ·³½Ç ¹Ç- ͳÕÇÏÝ»ñ ѳí³ù»É. ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝ Ïáõï³-
Ù³Ï: Ï»É. ѳí³ù³Íáõ ѳí³ù»É. ~ all one’s
gas-meter [΄gæs‚mi:tə] n (ݳ¨ gasometer) courage ³ÙμáÕç áõÅ»ñÁ ɳñ»É. ~ up broken
·³½³ã³÷, ·³½³Ñ³ßíÇã: read the ~ ·³½³- glass ³å³Ïáõ Ïïáñï³ÝùÁ ·»ïÝÇó μ³ñÓ-
ã³÷Ç ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÁ ·ñ³Ýó»É: ñ³óÝ»É. ͳÉ/÷áà ϳñ»É ~ a skirt ÷»ßÇ íñ³
gasolene [΄gæsəli:n] n ³Ù. μ»Ý½ÇÝ: ~ station ͳɻñ ϳñ»É. ~ speed/height ÷Ëμ. ³ñ³·áõ-
μ»Ý½³Éó³Ï³Û³Ý: ÃÛáõÝ ½³ñ·³óÝ»É. μ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ μ³ñÓ-
gasp [ga:sp] n ͳÝñ ßÝã³éáõÃÛáõÝ, ßÝã³ñ·»- ñ³Ý³É. (»½ñ³Ï³óÝ»É) I ~ you’re leaving ºë
ÉáõÃÛáõÝ. at one’s last ~ í»ñçÇÝ ßáõÝãÁ ÷ã»- ѳëϳó³, áñ ¹áõù ·ÝáõÙ »ù. I ~ed from
ÉÇë. give a ~ of horror/surprise/pain ë³ñë³- what he said ºë Ýñ³ μ³é»ñÇó »½ñ³Ï³óñÇ.
÷Çó/ ½³ñÙ³ÝùÇó μ»ñ³Ýμ³ó ÙݳÉ. ó³íÇó A storm/darkness is ~ing öáÃáñÇÏ ¿ å³ï-
ßÝã³ëå³é ÉÇÝ»É: ñ³ëïíáõÙ/ëå³ëíáõÙ. ØÃáõÃÛáõÝÁ óÝÓ-
gasp [ga:sp] v ͳÝñ ßÝã»É, ßÝã³ëå³é ÉÇÝ»É. ñ³ÝáõÙ ¿. ~ oneself up ½·³ëï³Ý³É, Çñ»Ý
~ out Ѩ³Éáí Ëáë»É/³ñï³ë³Ý»É. ~ out a ѳí³ù»É:
few words Ѩ³Éáí ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ μ³é ³ñï³ë³- gathering [΄gæðəriŋ] n ÅáÕáí, ѳí³ùáõÛÃ,
Ý»É. ~ for breath/air ßÝã³Ñ»ÕÓ ÉÇÝ»É. ~ for Ïáõï³ÏáõÙ. a family ~ ÁÝï³Ý»Ï³Ý ѳݹÇ-
÷Ëμ. μáõéÝ Ï»ñåáí ó³ÝϳݳÉ: åáõÙ. social ~ ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý »ñ»Ïá/
gasper [΄ga:spə] n ËëÏó. ¿Å³Ý³·ÇÝ »ñ»ÏáõÛÃ:
·É³Ý³Ï: gathers [΄gæðəz] n pl ÷áûñ/ͳÉù»ñ (ѳ-
gas-producer [΄gæsprə‚dju:sə] n ·³½³- ·áõëïÇ íñ³):
·»Ý»ñ³ïáñ: gauche [gəu∫] a ³ÝßÝáñÑù:
gas-proof [΄gæspru:f] a ³Ý·³½³Ã³÷³Ýó: gaud [gɔ:d] n ³Ý³ñÅ»ù/³Ý×³ß³Ï ½³ñ¹:
gasring [΄gæsriŋ] n ·³½ûç³Ë: gaudy [΄gɔ:di] a ³Ý׳߳Ï, ³ãù ͳÏáÕ,
gassed [gæst] a ·³½áí Ãáõݳíáñí³Í: ¿Å³Ý³·ÇÝ. ~ jewelry ³Ý×³ß³Ï ½³ñ¹»-
gass-shell [΄gæs∫el] n ùÇÙÇ³Ï³Ý ³ñÏ: Õ»Ý:
gas-shelter [΄gæs‚∫eltə] n ·³½³å³ëï³- gaudy [΄gɔ:di] n ßù»Õ ïáݳϳï³ñáõÃÛáõÝ,
ñ³Ý: Ñáμ»ÉÛ³Ý³Ï³Ý Ñ³óÏ»ñáõÛÃ:
gassy [΄gæsi] a ·³½³ÝÙ³Ý, ·³½áí gauge [geidз] n ï»Ë. ã³÷, Ù»ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ïñ³-
Éóí³Í: Ù³ã³÷, ã³÷áÕ ·áñÍÇù. çñ³ã³÷. take the
gas-tank [΄gæstæŋk] n ·³½³Ùμ³ñ: ~ of ã³÷»É, ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É. »ñϳ÷ͻñÇ É³ÛÝù
gastric [΄gæstrik] a ëï³Ùáùë³ÛÇÝ: broad/narrow ~ ɳÛÝ/Ý»Õ »ñϳ÷ÇÍ. pressure
gastritis [gæ΄straitis] n ëï³ÙáùëÇ μáñμá- ~ ×Ýß³ã³÷, Ù³ÝáÙ»ïñ. fuel ~ μ»Ý½Ç-
ùáõÙ, ·³ëïñÇï: ݳã³÷, í³é»ÉÇùÇ ã³÷³ÝÇß:
gas-warfare [΄gæs‚wɔ:feə] n ùÇÙÇ³Ï³Ý gauge [geidз] v ã³÷»É, ã³÷Á ×ßï»É. ~ the di-
å³ï»ñ³½Ù: ameter ïñ³Ù³·ÇÍÁ ã³÷»É. ~ the situation
gas works [΄gæs‚wə:ks] n ·³½Ç ·áñͳñ³Ý: Çñ³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É.
gate [geit] n ¹³ñå³ë, ¹áõé. ¹éݳÏ. çñ³ñ·»- gauging-station [΄geidзiŋ‚stei∫n] n çñ³ã³-
ɳÏ. áõÕ»÷³Ïáó. ÙáõïùÇ í׳ñ. a big ~ Ù»Í ÷³Ï³Ý ϳ۳Ý:
ѳëáõÛÃ: gaunt [gɔ:nt] a ÝÇѳñ, íïÇï, ÑÛáõÍí³Í:
gate crash [΄geitkræ∫] n ·³É ³é³Ýó Ññ³- gauntlet [΄gɔ:ntlət] n Ó»éÝáó, óÃå³Ý (í³-
í»ñÇ: ñáñ¹Ç, û¹³ãáõÇ):
gate crasher [΄geit‚kræ∫ə] n ³ÝïáÙë ѳÝ- gauze [gɔ:z] n ßÕ³ñß (·áñÍí³Íù), Ù³éɳ.
¹Çë³ï»ë. ³ÝÏáã ÑÛáõñ: Ùßáõß³ùáÕ:
gatehouse [΄geithaus] n å³Ñ³Ï³ïݳÏ: gauzy [΄gɔ:zi] a μ³ñ³Ï, Ýáõñμ, ó÷³ÝóÇÏ:
gate-keeper [΄geit‚ki:pə] n ¹éݳå³Ý: gavel [΄gævl] n Ùáõñ× (³×áõñ¹Ç, ͳÉáíÇ):
gawk 355 generate

gawk [gɔ:k] n ïËÙ³ñ, ³åáõß, ÑÇÙ³ñ: gender [΄dзendə] n ù»ñ. ë»é. masculine/femi-
gawky [΄gɔ:ki] a ³ÝßÝáñÑù, ͳÝñ³ß³ñÅ, nine/neuter ~ ³ñ³Ï³Ý/Ç·³Ï³Ý/㻽áù ë»é.
³Ý×áéÝÇ: ~ equality ë»é»ñÇ Çñ³í³Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝ.
gay [gei] a áõñ³Ë, ½í³ñÃ. í³é, å³Ûͳé ~ studies ·»Ý¹»ñ³ÛÇÝ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ-
(·áõÛÝ»ñ): Ý»ñ:
gaze [geiz] n, v 먻éáõÝ/»ñ³½Ïáï ѳ۳óù. gene [dзi:n] n Ï»Ýë.·»Ý:
ɳñí³Í/³ÏݳåÇß Ý³Û»É: genealogical [‚dзi:niə΄lɒdзikl] a ͳ·áõÙݳ-
gazelle [gə΄zel] n íÇÃ: μ³Ý³Ï³Ý, ïáÑÙ³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý:
gazette [gə΄zet] n å³ßïáݳûñÃ, å³ßïá- genealogy [‚dзi:ni΄ælədзi] n ͳ·áõÙݳμ³-
Ý³Ï³Ý ï»Õ»Ï³·Çñ: ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ïáÑÙ³μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
gazetteer [‚gæzə΄tiə] n ³ß˳ñѳ·ñ³Ï³Ý general [΄dзenrəl] n ·»Ý»ñ³É, ½áñ³í³ñ.
ï»Õ»Ï³·Çñù, ï»Õ»Ï³ïáõ: governer ~ ݳѳݷ³å»ï:
gear [giə] n ë³ñù. ٻ˳ÝǽÙ. ³ï³Ùݳíáñ general [΄dзenrəl] a ÁݹѳÝáõñ, ѳÙÁݹѳ-
ß³ñųÝÇí. landing ~ ³í. ÇÝùݳÃÇéÇ ß³ë- Ýáõñ. a ~ strike/information ѳÙÁݹѳÝáõñ
ëÇ. steering ~ ջϳÛÇÝ Ù»Ë³ÝǽÙ/ѳñÙ³- ·áñͳ¹áõÉ/ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. ~ opinion Áݹ-
ñ³Ýù. ³íïá (÷á˳ÝóáõÙ, ³ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝ) ѳÝáõñ ϳñÍÇù. (ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý) ~ reader
low/first ~ ó³Íñ/ ³é³çÇÝ ³ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝ. ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý/ɳÛÝ ÁÝûñóáÕ. as a ~ rule
high/top ~ μ³ñÓñ/μ³ñÓñ³·áõÛÝ ³ñ³·áõ- áñå»ë ϳÝáÝ. in ~ ÁݹѳÝñ³å»ë. in ~ use
ÃÛáõÝ. change ~ ÷áË»É ³ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝÁ. en- ß³ï ·áñͳͳϳÝ. ~ impression ÁݹѳÝáõñ
gage third/reverse ~ ÙdzóÝ»É »ññáñ¹ ³ñ³- ïå³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ in ~ outline ÁݹѳÝáõñ ·Í»-
·áõÃÛáõÝÁ. Ñ»ïÁÝóóù ï³É. The car is not ñáí. ~ hospital áã Ù³ëݳ·Çï³óí³Í ÑÇ-
in ~ Ø»ù»Ý³ÛÇ ÷á˳ÝóáõÙÁ/³ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝÁ í³Ý¹³Ýáó. ~ practitioner ûñ³å¨ï. (·É˳-
Ùdzóí³Í ã¿. fishing/shaving ~ ÓÏÝáñë³Ï³Ý íáñ) ~ director/manager ·É˳íáñ ïÝo-
ë³ñù/å³ñ³·³Ý»ñ. ë³÷ñí»Éáõ å³ñ³- ñ»Ý/¹Çñ»Ïïáñ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ purpose system
·³Ý»ñ: áõÝÇí»ñë³É ѳٳϳñ·. ~ input/output chan-
gear [giə] v ÙdzóÝ»É, ѳñÙ³ñ³óÝ»É. The nel ÙáõïùÇ/»ÉùÇ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ϳݳÉ:
book is ~ed to the needs of students ¶ÇñùÁ General-in-Chief [‚dзenrəlin΄t∫i:f] n Àݹ-
ѳñÙ³ñ»óí³Í ¿ áõë³ÝáÕÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. ѳÝáõñ Ññ³Ù³Ý³ï³ñ:
(ß³ñÅÙ³Ý Ù»ç ¹Ý»É) ~ down ß³ñÅáõÙÁ ¹³Ý- generality [‚dзenə΄ræləti] n ÁݹѳÝñáõ-
¹³Õ»óÝ»É. ~ up ß³ñÅáõÙÁ ³ñ³·³óÝ»É/Ù»- ÃÛáõÝ. ³ÝáñáßáõÃÛáõÝ:
ͳóÝ»É ³ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝÁ: generalization [‚dзenrəlai΄zei∫n] n ÁݹѳÝ-
gear-box [΄giəbɒks], gear- case [΄giəkeis] ñ³óáõÙ:
n ï»Ë. (Ù»ù»Ý³ÛÇ) ³ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ generalize [΄dзenrəlaiz] v ÁݹѳÝñ³óÝ»É,
ïáõ÷: ÁݹѳÝáõñ »½ñ³Ï³óáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É:
gear-level [΄giə‚levl] (Ù»ù»Ý³ÛÇ) ³ñ³·áõ- generally [΄dзenrəli] adv ëáíáñ³μ³ñ,
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÷á˳ÝóÙ³Ý ÉͳÏ: ÁݹѳÝñ³å»ë. ~ speaking ÁݹѳÝáõñ ³é-
gearing [΄giəriŋ] n ï»Ë. ³ï³Ùݳíáñ ÷á- Ù³Ùμ. The proposal was ~ welcomed ²é³-
˳ÝóáõÙ: ç³ñÏÁ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ѳí³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñųݳ-
gear-wheel [΄giəwi:l] n ï»Ë. ³ï³Ùݳíáñ ó³í:
³ÝÇí: generalship [΄dзenrəl∫ip] n ·»Ý»ñ³É³Ï³Ý
gelatin(e) [΄dзelətin] n ¹áݹáÕ, ŻɳïÇÝ: ÏáãáõÙ, é³½Ù³Ï³Ý Ññ³Ù³Ý³ï³ñáõÃÛáõÝ.
gelatinous [dзi΄lætinəs] a ¹áݹáÕ³ÝÙ³Ý. (ÑÙáõï) ջϳí³ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÏåãáõÝ, Ù³ÍáõóÇÏ: general staff [΄dзenrəlstΛf] n ·É˳íáñ
gem [dзem] n óÝϳñÅ»ù ù³ñ, ·áѳñ, ³ÏÝ. ßï³μ:
÷Ëμ. Ù³ñ·³ñÇï, ·³ÝÓ. She is a real ~ ܳ general store [΄dзenrəlstɔ:] n ѳÝ-
å³ñ½³å»ë ·³ÝÓ ¿: ñ³Ë³ÝáõÃ:
gen [dзen] n ËëÏó. ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ. ÇÝýáñÙ³ódz. generate [΄dзenəreit] v ÍÝáõݹ ï³É, ³é³-
ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛáõÝ: ç³óÝ»É, ëï»ÕÍ»É. ³ñï³¹ñ»É. ~ electricity/
gendarme [΄зɒnda:m] n ųݹ³ñÙ: heat ¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ/ç»ñÙáõÃÛáõÝ ³é³-
generating station 356 geometry

ç³óÝ»É. ~ hope/fear ÑáõÛë/í³Ë ³ñÃݳó- the Armenian ~ Ñ³Û ³½·Ç á·ÇÝ:


Ý»É: genocide [΄dзenəsaid] n ó»Õ³ëå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ.
generating station [΄dзenəreitiŋ ΄stei∫n] n genome [΄dзi:‚nəum] n ·»Ý»ñÇ ³ÙμáÕçáõ-
¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³Û³Ý: ÃÛáõÝ:
generation [‚dзenə΄rei∫n] n ë»ñáõݹ. ïáÑÙ, genre [΄зɒnrə] n á×, ųÝñ:
ó»Õ. ÍÝáõݹ. ï»Ë. ·áÛ³óáõÙ, ³é³ç³óáõÙ. gentle [΄dзentl] a ³½Ýí³½³ñÙ, ³½Ýí³ïáÑÙ.
future ~s ³å³·³ ë»ñáõݹݻñ. a ~ ago ݳ- Ñ»½, Ñ»½³μ³ñá. Ýáõñμ, ùÝùáõß. a ~ look/
Ëáñ¹/³í³· ë»ñáõݹÁ. the rising ~ ³×áÕ ë»- breeze Ù»Õ٠ѳ۳óù, ûè ù³ÙÇ. a ~ charac-
ñáõݹÁ. the younger ~ Ïñïë»ñ ë»ñáõݹÁ. be ter Ù»ÕÙ/÷³÷áõÏ μݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ. of ~ birth
born in the same ~ ÝáõÛÝ ë»ñݹÇÝ å³ï- ³½Ýí³Ï³Ý ͳ·áõÙ áõÝ»óáÕ:
ϳݻÉ: gentlefolk(s) [΄dзentlfəuk(s)] n ³½Ýí³Ï³Ý-
generative [΄dзenrətiv] a ³é³ç³óÝáÕ, Ý»ñ:
ÍÝáÕ: gentleman [΄dзentlmən] n ç»ÝïÉÙ»Ý, å³-
generator [΄dзenəreitə] n ·»Ý»ñ³ïáñ: ñáÝ. ladies and gentlemen ïÇÏݳÛù ¨
generic [dзə΄nerik] a ë»é³ÛÇÝ, ë»éÇ. ѳï- å³ñáݳÛù. fine ~ Ýñμ³ÏÇñà ٳñ¹. ~ in
ϳÝ߳ϳÝ, ÁݹѳÝáõñ. ÑÙÏñ·. ïáÑÙ³ÛÇÝ, waiting ë»Ý»Ï³å»ï. ~ of fortune Íáí³Ñ»Ý. ~
ÁݹѳÝáõñ, ËÙμ³ÛÇÝ ~ command ËÙμ³ÛÇÝ men of long robe ÷Ëμ. ¹³ï³íáñÝ»ñ,
Ññ³Ù³Ý. ~ description ÁݹѳÝñ³óí³Í Çñ³í³·»ïÝ»ñ. ~ of the cloth ÷Ëμ. ÏÕ»-
Ýϳñ³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ subroutine ÁݹѳÝáõñ ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, Ñá·¨áñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. the
»ÝóÍñ³·Çñ: old ~ ÏïÏ. ë³ï³Ý³:
generosity [‚dзenə΄rɒsəti] n ٻͳÑá·áõ- gentleman-at-arms [‚dзentlmənət΄a:mz] n
ÃÛáõÝ, ³é³ï³Ó»éÝáõÃÛáõÝ: ³ñùáõÝÇ ÃÇÏݳå³Ñ:
generous [΄dзenrəs] a ٻͳÑá·Ç, ³é³ï³- gentlemanly [΄dзentlmənli] a ù³Õ³ù³í³-
Ó»éÝ. a ~ act/impuls ٻͳÑá·Ç ³ñ³ñù/ ñÇ, μ³ñ»ÏÇñÃ:
åáéÃÏáõÙ. a ~ gift/helping ßé³ÛÉ å³ñ·¨, gentleness [΄dзentlnəs] n Ù»ÕÙáõÃÛáõÝ, Ñ»-
³é³ï μ³ÅÇÝ. be ~ ³é³ï³Ó»éÝ/ßé³ÛÉ ½áõÃÛáõÝ:
ÉÇÝ»É: gentlewoman [΄dзentl‚wumən] n ïÇÏÇÝ,
genesis [΄dзenəsis] n ͳ·áõÙ, ³é³ç³óáõÙ, É»¹Ç, ³½Ýí³Ï³Ý ÏÇÝ:
ÍÝáõݹ: gently [΄dзentli] adv Ù»ÕÙáñ»Ý, ùÝùßáõÃÛ³Ùμ.
genet [΄dзenit] n ϻݹ. Ùßϳϳïáõ. Ùßϳ- ѳݹ³ñï, ½·áõßáõÃÛ³Ùμ:
ϳïíÇ ÙáñÃÇ: gentry [΄dзentri] n Ù³Ýñ ³½Ýí³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ
genetic(al) [dзə΄netik(l)] a ͳ·áõÙݳμ³Ý³- (³ÝïÇïÕáë):
ϳÝ, ͳ·áõÙݳμ³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý: genuine [΄dзenjuin] a ÇëϳϳÝ, ³Ý˳ñ-
genetics [dзə΄netiks] n ͳ·áõÙݳμ³Ýáõ- ¹³Ë. ~ people ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ/Ù³ùáõñ Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ. ~
ÃÛáõÝ: pleasure Çñ³Ï³Ý/³ÝÏ»ÕÍ Ñ³×áõÛù. ~ Sarian
genial [΄dзi:niəl] a ç»ñÙ, ëñï³·ÇÝ. áõñ³Ë, ê³ñÛ³ÝÇ μÝûñÇݳÏÁ:
Ï»Ýëáõñ³Ë: genus [΄dзi:nəs] n Ï»Ýë. ë»é, ¹³ë, ï»ë³Ï:
geniality [‚dзi:ni΄æləti] n Ùï»ñÙáõÃÛáõÝ, ëÇ- geographer [dзi΄ɒgrəfə] n ³ß˳ñѳ·ñ³-
ñ³ÉÇñáõÃÛáõÝ. μ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, μ³ñ»ëñïáõ- ·»ï:
ÃÛáõÝ: geographic(al) [‚dзiə΄græfik(l)] a ³ß˳ñ-
genie [΄dзi:ni] n çÇÝ (á·Ç ³ñ³μ³Ï³Ý Ñ»- ѳ·ñ³Ï³Ý:
ùdzÃÝ»ñáõÙ): geography [dзi΄ɒgrəfi] n ³ß˳ñѳ·ñáõ-
genital [΄dзenitl] n pl ë»é³Ï³Ý ûñ·³ÝÝ»ñ: ÃÛáõÝ:
genitive [΄dзenətiv] n ù»ñ. ë»é³Ï³Ý ÑáÉáí geologist [dзi΄ɒlədзist] n »ñÏñ³μ³Ý:
(ݳ¨ ~ case) geology [dзi΄ɒlədзi] n »ñÏñ³μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
genius [΄dзi:niəs] n ûÅïí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳÝ׳- geometric(al) [‚dзi:ə΄metrik(l)] a »ñÏñ³ã³-
ñ»ÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ï³Õ³Ý¹. a work of ~ ï³Õ³Ý- ÷³Ï³Ý:
¹³íáñ ·áñÍ. have a ~ for ï³Õ³Ý¹ áõݻݳÉ. geometry [dзi΄ɒmətri] n »ñÏñ³ã³÷áõ-
He’s a ~ ܳ ѳÝ׳ñ ¿. (á·Ç) evil ~ã³ñ á·Ç. ÃÛáõÝ:
geopolitical 357 get

geopolitical [‚dзi:əupɒ΄litik(l)] a ³ß˳ñѳ- ѳë³Ýù. ~ one’s own way Çñ Ýå³ï³ÏÇÝ


ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý. ~ situation ³ß˳ñѳù³Õ³- ѳëÝ»É. I’ll just ~ my coat ØdzÛÝ í»ñ³ñÏáõë
ù³Ï³Ý Çñ³íÇ׳Ï: í»ñóÝ»Ù. (μéÝ»É) ~ a taxi ï³ùëÇ í»ñóÝ»É. ~
geranium [dзə΄reiniəm] n Ëáñ¹»ÝÇ: the thief ·áÕÇÝ μéÝ»É. ~ the train ·Ý³óùÇÝ
geriatric [‚dзeri΄ætrik] a Í»ñáõݳϳÝ. ~ dis- ѳëÝ»É. ~ by the throat ÏáÏáñ¹Çó μéÝ»É. ~ a
order Í»ñáõÝ³Ï³Ý ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝ: bad cold áõÅ»Õ Ùñë»É. (é³¹Çá, Ñ»é³Ëáë) I
germ [dзə:m] n Ï»Ýë. ë³ÕÙ. μëμ. ë»ñÙݳ- can’t ~ London on my radio â»Ù ϳñáÕ
ñ³Ý, ë»ñÙ. in ~ ë³ÕÙݳÛÇÝ íÇ׳ÏáõÙ. the ~ ÈáݹáÝ μéÝ»É. ~ me the director Ødzóñ»ù
of the idea ÷Ëμ. ·³Õ³÷³ñÇ ë³ÕÙ»ñÁ: ïÝûñ»ÝÇ Ñ»ï. I didn’t ~ him ºë Ýñ³Ý
german [΄dзə:mən] a ѳñ³½³ï (ùáõÛñ, »Õ- ï»ÕáõÙ ã·ï³. ~ the wrong number ë˳É
μ³Ûñ). cousin ~ Ñáñ³ùñáç/Ùáñ³ùñáç/ù»- ѳٳñ ѳí³ù»É. (μ»ñ»É) Go and ~ the doc-
éáõ/Ñáñ»Õμáñ ïÕ³, ³ÕçÇÏ: tor ¶Ý³ μÅßÏÇ Ñ»ï¨Çó. Can you ~ me some
germane [dзə:΄mein] a ï»ÕÇÝ, ѳñÙ³ñ, tea ÆÝÓ Ã»Û μ»ñ»ù. (ï³Ý»É) ~ the children to
å³ïß³×. The material is not ~ to our subject school »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñÇÝ ¹åñáó ï³Ý»É. ~ him
²Ûë ÝÛáõÃÁ Ù»ñ ·áñÍÇÝ ãÇ í»ñ³μ»ñáõÙ: home îáõÝ ï³ñ»ù Ýñ³Ý. I’ve got a headache
germinal [΄dзə:minl] a ë³ÕÙݳÛÇÝ, ûñ³×, ¶ÉáõËë ó³íáõÙ ¿. I haven’t got any change
ÁÝÓÛáõÕ³ÛÇÝ: Øáïë Ù³Ýñ ãϳ. get to å³ñï³íáñ. I’ve got
germinate [΄dзə:mineit] v ÍÉ»É, ÁÝÓÛáõÕ to pass the exam ºë å»ïù ¿ ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ
³ñӳϻÉ, μáÕμáç»É: ѳÝÓÝ»Ù. (¹ñ¹»É, ѳÙá½»É) I’ll ~ him to come
germination [‚dзə:mi΄nei∫n] n ÍɳñÓ³Ïáõ- here ºë ÏѳÙá½»Ù Ýñ³Ý ³Ûëï»Õ ·³É. He
ÃÛáõÝ, ³×áõÙ, ½³ñ·³óáõÙ: got her sacked ܳ Ýñ³Ý ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇó
gerrymander [΄dзerimændə] 1.n ݳËÁÝï- Ñ»é³óÝ»É ïí»ó. ~ one’s hair cut Ù³½»ñÁ
ñ³Ï³Ý Ù»ù»Ý³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. 2.v ݻݷ³÷á- Ïïñ»É ï³É. ~ one’s feet wet áïù»ñÁ Ãñç»É.
Ë»É, ³Õ³í³Õ»É/˻ճÃÛáõñ»É ÷³ëï»ñÁ. ~ (ѳëϳݳÉ, Éë»É) I’ve got you ºë Ó»½
(at) an election ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝù- ѳëϳÝáõÙ »Ù. You won’t ~ anywhere with
Ý»ñÁ ݻݷ³÷áË»É: him Üñ³ Ñ»ï μ³ÝÇ ã»ë ѳëÝÇ. Things will ~
gerund [΄dзerənd] n ù»ñ. ·»ñáõݹÇáõÙ: better Æñ³íÇ׳ÏÁ Ïɳí³Ý³. (¹³éݳÉ) It
gesticulate [dзe΄stikjuleit] v Ëáë»ÉÇë Ó»é- got dark ØÃÝ»ó. He got wounded ܳ
ù»ñáí ½³Ý³½³Ý ß³ñÅáõÙÝ»ñ /Å»ëï»ñ íÇñ³íáñí»ó. ~ old/fat/angry/married Í»ñ³-
³Ý»É£ ݳÉ/·Çñ³Ý³É/çÕ³ÛݳݳÉ/³ÙáõëݳݳÉ. G~
gesticulation [dзe‚stikju΄lei∫n] n Å»ëïÇÏáõ- ready! G~ set! Go! Ùñ½. ä³ïñ³°ëï. àõß³¹-
ÉÛ³ódz. Å»ëï»ñáí/Ó»éùÇ ß³ñÅáõÙÝ»ñáí ñáõÃÛá°õÝ. Ø»Ïݳ°ñÏ. ~ about ï³ñ³Íí»É.
Ëáë»ÉÁ£ ï³ÝÇó ¹áõñë ·³É. if it ~s about »Ã» ÇٳݳÝ
gesture [΄dзest∫ə] n Ó»éùÇ ß³ñÅáõÙ, Å»ëï. ~ across ³ÝóÝ»É (ϳÙñçáí ¨ ³ÛÉÝ). (Ïéí»É,
facial ~ ¹Çٳ߳ñÅáõÃÛáõÝ, ÙÇÙÇϳ. a ~ of re- ·Åïí»É) He doesn’t ~ across to his pupils ܳ
fusal μ³ó³ë³Ï³Ý å³ï³ë˳Ý. a friendly ~ Çñ ³ß³Ï»ñïÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï ÏáÝï³Ïï ãáõÝÇ. ~
ÁÝÏ»ñ³Ï³Ý í³ñÙáõÝù/Å»ëï. fine ~ ɳí at ѳëÝ»É, ϳåí»É. ~ at the truth
í³ñÙáõÝù. What a nice ~! ƯÝã ÑdzݳÉÇ ×ßÙ³ñïáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ѳëÝ»É. What are you ~ting
í³ñÙáõÝù: at? ÷Ëμ. ƱÝã »ë áõ½áõÙ, øá Ýå³ï³ÏÁ DZÝã
get [get] v ëï³Ý³É, Ó»éù μ»ñ»É. ~ an answer/ ¿. ~ away ·Ý³É, Ñ»é³Ý³É. I want to ~ away
permission/news å³ï³ëË³Ý ëï³Ý³É. from it all àõ½áõÙ »Ù ³Ûë μáÉáñÇÝ í»ñç ï³É.
ÃáõÛÉïíáõÃÛáõÝ Ó»éù μ»ñ»É. Éáõñ ëï³Ý³É. ~ ~ back í»ñ³¹³éݳÉ, ѳïáõó»É. ~ one’s own
a prize/reception/support Ùñó³Ý³Ï ëï³Ý³É. back íñ»Å ÉáõÍ»É. 騳Ýß ³Ý»É, Çñ»ÝÁ Ñ»ï
׳ݳãáõÙ/³ç³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ó»éù μ»ñ»É. ~ a μ»ñ»É. ~ by ³ÝóÝ»É. Can I ~ by? γñ»ÉDZ ¿
surprise ³Ý³ÏÝϳÉÇ ·³É. The room ~s no sun ³ÝóÝ»É. My article got by ÆÙ Ñá¹í³ÍÝ
ê»ÝÛ³ÏÝ ³ñ¨áï ã¿. (׳ñ»É, ѳÛóÛûÉ) ~ a ÁݹáõÝí»ó. ~ down ÇçÝ»É, Çç»óÝ»É. ·ñÇ
living ³åñáõëï ׳ñ»É. ~ it cheap ¿Å³Ý ·Ý»É. ³éÝ»É. ~ down to work ÷Ëμ. ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ
(ѳëÝ»É) We got as far as the lake Ø»Ýù É׳÷ ³ÝóÝ»É. ~ in ÙïÝ»É. She got in late ܳ áõß
get-at-able 358 ginger

»Ï³í. ~ in smb’s way ÷Ëμ. áñ¨¿ Ù»ÏÇÝ Ë³Ý- gibber [΄dзibə] n ÷ÝÃ÷ÝÃáó, ÙéÃÙéÃáó:
·³ñ»É. ~ into ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ ѳ·Ý»É, gibberish [΄dзibəri∫] n ³ÝѳëϳݳÉÇ, ³Ý-
ÙïóÝ»É. ~ a key into a lock μ³Ý³ÉÇÝ ÷³- ϳå Ëáëù:
ϳÝÇ Ù»ç ÙïóÝ»É. ~ into debt å³ñïù»ñ gibe [dзaib] 1.n ͳÕñ, ͳÕñ³Ýù, Ñ»·Ý³Ýù.
³Ý»É. ~ off ¹áõñë ·³É. ÷³Ëã»É, ϳßÇÝ 2.v ~ at ͳÕñ»É:
÷ñÏ»É. ~ off the train/plane ·Ý³óùÇó/ÇÝù- giblets [΄dзibləts] n pl ѳíÇ/ë³·Ç ÷áñáïÇù:
ݳÃÇéÇó ÇçÝ»É/¹áõñë ·³É. ~ it of one’s chest giddiness [΄gidinəs] n ·É˳åïáõÛï:
ëÇñïÁ ¹³ï³ñÏ»É. The plane was an hour late giddy [΄gidi] a ·É˳åïáõÛï å³ï׳éáÕ.
in ~ting off ÆÝùݳÃÇéÁ ÙÇ Å³Ù áõß Ãé³í. ~ feel ~ ·É˳åïáõÛï ½·³É. a ~ height ·É˳-
on Ýëï»É ïñ³Ýëåáñï. ~ on the bus/train åïáõÛï μ³ñÓñáõÃÛáõÝ. (ûè³ÙÇï, ³Ýϳ-
³íïáμáõë/·Ý³óù Ýëï»É. ~ on well Ûáɳ ÛáõÝ) a ~ young girl ûè³ÙÇï »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹
·Ý³É. ~ on in the world ϳÝùáõ٠ѳçáÕ³Ï ³ÕçÇÏ:
ÉÇÝ»É. ~ out ¹áõñë ·³É, ¹áõñë ѳݻÉ. ~ out giddy-go-round [΄gidigəu΄raund] n ËëÏó.
of the habit ëáíáñáõÛÃÇÝ í»ñç ï³É. ~ smb out ϳñáõë»É:
of a fix ¹Åí³ñ ϳóáõÃÛáõÝÇó ¹áõñë μ»ñ»É. ~ gift [gift] n Ýí»ñ, ÁÝͳ. ÝíÇñ³ïíáõÃÛáõÝ. I
over ѳÕóѳñ»É. Let’s ~ it over ºÏ»ù í»ñç wouldn’t have it as a ~ ÒñÇ ¿É ï³Ý` ã»Ù
ï³Ýù ¹ñ³Ý. ~ over one’s shyness ³ÙáÃ- í»ñóÝÇ. make use of one’s ~s û·ï³·áñÍ»É Çñ
˳ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ ѳÕóѳñ»É. ~ under ï³ÏÁ áõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ. ~s, gift-edged securities
ÙïÝ»É. ~ under way Íáí. áõÕ¨áñí»É. ~ up í»ñ μ³ñÓñ ·Ý³Ñ³ïíáÕ ³ñÅ»ÃÕûñ. deed of ~
ϻݳÉ. ~ up early in the morning ³é³íáïÛ³Ý ÝíÇñ³ïíáõÃÛ³Ý å³Ûٳݳ·Çñ. testamenta-
í³Õ í»ñ ϻݳÉ. ~ up from one’s seat/chair ry ~ Çñ³í. ÝíÇñ³ïíáõÃÛáõÝ Ïï³Ïáí:
ï»ÕÇó/³ÃáéÇó í»ñ ϻݳÉ. ~ together ѳ- gift [gift] v ÝíÇñ»É, ÁÝͳۻÉ.ûÅï»É, ßÝáñÑ»É,
í³ù(í)»É. ѳݹÇå»É: å³ñ·¨»É:
get-at-able [get΄ætəbl] a Ù³ïã»ÉÇ: gifted [΄giftid] a ûÅïí³Í, ï³Õ³Ý¹³íáñ,
getaway [΄getəwei] n ËëÏó. ÷³Ëáõëï. ßÝáñѳÉÇ:
make one’s ~ ÷³Ëã»É, ÷³Ëáõëï ï³É: gigantic [dзai΄gæntik] a Ñëϳ۳ϳÝ, íÇÃ-
get-up [΄getΛp] n ËëÏó. ѳ·áõëï, ѳ·Ýí»- ˳ñÇ, ³Ñ³·ÇÝ:
Éáõ á×£ giggle [΄gigl] n, v ÑéÑéáó. ÑéÑé³É:
geyser [΄gi:zə, ΄gaizə] n ·»Û½»ñ, ó³ÛïáÕ ï³ù gigolo [΄dзigələu] n í³ñÓáõ å³ñÁÝÏ»ñ:
çáõñ. ç»éáõóÇã: gild [gild] v áëÏ»½oÍ»É, ·»Õ»óϳóÝ»É, ÷³ÛÉ
ghastly [΄ga:stli] a ëáëϳÉÇ, ½³ñÑáõñ»ÉÇ, ï³É:
³Ñ³íáñ. She looked ~ ܳ ½³ñÑáõñ»ÉÇ ï»ëù gilded [΄gildid] a áëÏ»½oÍ:
áõÝ»ñ: gilder [΄gildə] n áëÏ»çñáÕ, áëÏ»½ûÍáÕ:
gherkin [΄gə:kin] n ûè ³ÕÁ μéÝ³Í Ù³Ýñ gillyflower [΄dзili‚flauə] n ß³Ñåñ³Ï,
í³ñáõÝ·: ٻ˳Ï:
ghost [gəust] n áõñí³Ï³Ý, ëïí»ñ. Ñá·Ç, gilt-edged [‚gilt΄edзd] a áëÏ»½ûÍ »½»ñùáí:
ßáõÝã. give up the ~ ßáõÝãÁ ÷ã»É, Ñá·ÇÝ ï³É. gimcrack [΄dзimkræk] n ãÝãÇÝ μ³Ý, ˳-
raise the ~ á·Ç ϳÝã»É. ~s of the past ³ÝóÛ³- Õ³ÉÇù. ѳå×»å, ³Ý÷áõÛÃ. ÙÇ Ï»ñå
ÉÇ ëïí»ñÝ»ñÁ. the ~ of a smile ÷Ëμ ÅåÇïÇ ³ñí³Í:
ëïí»ñ/áõí³·ÇÍ/ÝßáõÛÉ. a ~ of a chance ÑáõÛ- gimlet [΄gimlət] n ÷áùñÇÏ ·³ÛÉÇÏáÝ, ·ãÇñ:
ëÇ ÝßáõÛÉ: gimmick [΄gimik] n Ñݳñù, ׳ñåÇÏ Ë³Õ.
ghostly [΄gəustli] a Ñá·»Õ»Ý, óÝáñ³Ï³Ý, an advertising ~ ·áí³½¹³ÛÇÝ Ñݳñù:
˳μáõëÇÏ£ gin [dзin] n ûÕÇ:
GI [‚dзi:΄ai] n ³Ù. (ѳå. government issue-Çó) ginger [΄dзindзə] n Ïá׳åÕå»Õ, ÇÙμÇñ. eat
½ÇÝíáñ, μ³Ý³Ï³ÛÇÝ: the ~ ³Ù»Ý³É³íÁ/³Ù»Ý³ÁÝïÇñÁ í»ñóÝ»É.
giant [΄dзaiənt] 1. n Ñëϳ/íÇÃ˳ñÇ Ù³ñ¹. ËëÏó. ·ñ³íãáõÃÛáõÝ, Ññ³åáõÛñ. He wants
³Å¹³Ñ³. 2. a Ñëϳ۳ϳÝ: some ~ Üñ³ Ù»ç ÏÛ³Ýù ãϳ. (ٳϳÝáõÝ)
giant(‘s)-stride [΄dзaiənt(s)΄straid] n Ùñ½. ß»Ïá, ß»ÏÉÇÏ. ßÇϳϳñÙÇñ Ù³½»ñ. a ~ cat
Ñëϳ۳ù³ÛÉ»ñ: ß»Ï Ï³ïáõ:
ginger-beer 359 give

ginger-beer [‚dзindзə΄biə] n Ïá׳åÕå»ÕÇ to ~ a damn Ãù³Í áõݻݳÉ. G ~ me Paris/ the


ÉÇÙáݳ¹/·³ñ»çáõñ£ director Ñ»é. Ødzóñ»ù ÇÝÓ ö³ñÇ-
gingerbread [΄dзindзəbred] n Ïá׳åÕå»- ½Ç/ïÝûñ»ÝÇ Ñ»ï. (ѳÝÓÝ»É) G~ her this let-
ÕÇ ³Ýáõ߳ѳó/ù³Õóñ³μÉÇÃ: ter/my regards гÝÓÝ»ù Ýñ³Ý ³Ûë
gingerly [΄dзindзəli] a, adv ½·áõß³íáñ, ݳٳÏÁ/гÕáñ¹»ù ÇÙ μ³ñ¨Ý»ñÁ. ~ one’s
ßñç³Ñ³Û³ó. ½·áõßáñ»Ý, ½·áõßáõÃÛ³Ùμ: life ÏÛ³ÝùÁ ï³É. ~ a look ݳۻÉ, ѳ۳óù
ginny [΄dзini] a ËëÏó. ѳñμ³Í, ËÙ³Í, ÏáÝ- Ý»ï»É. ~ a sigh ѳé³ã»É. (ÝíÇñ»É) ~ flow-
ͳÍ: ers/a doll/smth as a keepsake ÝíÇñ»É ͳ-
gin-palace [΄dзin‚pælis] n ËëÏó. å³Ý¹áÏ, ÕÇÏÝ»ñ/ïÇÏÝÇÏ/áñ¨¿ μ³Ý áñå»ë Ñáõ-
·ÇÝ»ïáõÝ: ß³Ýí»ñ. (í׳ñ»É) ~ 5 dollars for the book
Gipsy [΄dзipsi] n, a ·Ýãáõ, ·ÝãáõÑÇ, ·ñùÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ 5 ¹áɳñ í׳ñ»É. (ÃáõÛÉ ï³É,
·Ýãáõ»ñ»Ý, ·Ýãáõ³Ï³Ý É»½áõ. ·Ýãáõ³Ï³Ý: ïñ³Ù³¹ñ»É) G~ me a week ÆÝÓ ÙÇ ß³μ³Ã
giraffe [dзə΄ra:f] n ÁÝÓáõÕï: Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ïñ³Ù³¹ñ»ù. ~ smn a chance Ù»-
gird [gə:d] v ·áïÇ Ï³å»É, ·áï¨áñ»É. ~ one- ÏÇÝ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É. The doctors gave
self å³ïñ³ëïí»É: him two years ´ÇßÏÝ»ñÝ ³ë³óÇÝ, áñ Ýñ³Ý
girder [΄gə:də] n ·»ñ³Ý, ÓáõɳϳéáõÛó: »ñÏáõ ï³ñí³ ÏÛ³Ýù ¿ ÙÝáõÙ. Trees ~ fruit
girdle [΄gə:dl] n ·áïÇ. ë»ÕÙÇñ³Ý. shoulder ~ ̳é»ñÁ ÙÇñ· »Ý ï³ÉÇë. ~ an example/a sig-
áõë³·áïÇ. be under one’s ~ Ù»ÏÇÝ »ÝóñÏ- nal ûñÇݳÏ/³½¹³Ýß³Ý ï³É. (Ýëï»É, Ïáñ³-
í»É: ݳÉ, ûùí»É) (ß»ÝùÁ, ßÇÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ). The floor
girl [gə:l] n ³ÕçÇÏ, ûñÇáñ¹, »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹ gave under the weight ̳ÝñáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï ѳ-
ÏÇÝ. old ~ ÷Õù. ëÇñ»ÉÇë, å³é³íë. my dear ï³ÏÁ ï»ÕÇ ïí»ó/Ýëï»ó. The plank gave
~ ëÇñ»ÉÇë, ³ÕçÇÏë. a lovely ~ ëÇñáõÝÇÏ î³Ëï³ÏÁ Ïáñ³ó³í. ~ birth ÍÝݹ³μ»ñ»É.
³çÇÏ. nasty ~ ³Ýï³Ý»ÉÇ ³ÕçÇÏ. the ~s ÍÝáõݹ ï³É. ~ a fright í³Ë»óÝ»É. ~ a glance/
÷Õù. ³ÕçÇÏÝ»ñÁ, ¹áõëïñ»ñÁ (ÝáõÛÝ ÁÝï³- a smile ѳ۳óù Ý»ï»É/Ååï³É. ~ airs Çñ»Ý
ÝÇùáõÙ). chase ~s ËëÏó. ³ÕçÇÏÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï¨Çó »ñ¨³Ï³Û»É. ~ away μ³Å³Ý»É. ~ away many
í³½»É. hello ~ ËëÏó. Ñ»é³Ëáë³í³ñáõÑÇ: samples ûñÇݳÏÝ»ñ μ³Å³Ý»É. ~ away smb/a
girlhood [΄gə:lhud] n ûñÇáñ¹áõÃÛáõÝ, ûñÇáñ- secret Ù»ÏÇÝ/·³ÕïÝÇù Ù³ïÝ»É. ~ back í»-
¹³Ï³Ý ï³ñÇÝ»ñ. in one’s ~ ÙÇÝ㨠³Ùáõë- ñ³¹³ñÓÝ»É, ѳïáõó»É. It gave him back his
ݳݳÉÁ: confidence ¸³ Ýñ³Ý í»ñ³¹³ñÓñ»ó Çñ ÇÝù-
girlie [΄gə:li] n ÷Õù. ³ÕçݳÏ, ³ÕçÇÏ: ݳíëï³ÑáõÃÛáõÝÁ. ~ in ï³É, ѳÝÓÝ»É, ½Ç-
girlish [΄gə:li∫] a ³ÕçϳϳÝ, ³ÕçϳÝÙ³Ý: ç»É. ~ in an application ¹ÇÙáõÙ ï³É. Don’t ~
girth [gə:θ] n ·ÇñÏ, ·ñϳã³÷ ѳëïáõÃÛáõÝ. in! ØÇ° ½ÇçÇñ. ~ off ï³ñ³Í»É, ³ñӳϻÉ. ~
a tree 5 feet in ~ 5 áïݳã³÷/·ñϳã³÷ off heat ç»ñÙáõÃÛáõÝ ï³ñ³Í»É; ~ out μ³Å³-
ѳëïáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»óáÕ Í³é: Ý»É, ëå³éí»É. His patience gave out Üñ³
gist [dзist] n ¿áõÃÛáõÝ. Tell me the ~ of the story ѳÙμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ëå³éí»ó. ~ up Ññ³Å³ñ-
²ë»ù ÇÝÓ ³Ûë å³ïÙáõÃÛ³Ý ¿áõÃÛáõÝÁ: í»É, Ó»éù ù³ß»É. ~ up one’s seat ï»ÕÁ ½Çç»É.
give [giv] v ï³É, ßÝáñÑ»É, í׳ñ»É, ÝíÇñ»É, ~ up hope/ smoking/studies ÃáÕÝ»É ÑáõÛë»ñÁ/
ѳÝÓÝ»É. ~ no answer å³ï³ëË³Ý ãï³É. ÍË»ÉÁ/å³ñ³åÙáõÝùÝ»ñÁ. ~ way ½Çç»É,
He was given a prize Üñ³Ý å³ñ·¨ ßÝáñÑ- ï»ÕÇ ï³É. ~ way to force/demands áõÅÇÝ/
í»ó. ~ advice/evidence/one’s word Ëáñ- å³Ñ³ÝçÝ»ñÇÝ ï»ÕÇ ï³É, ½Çç»É£
Ñáõñ¹/óáõóÙáõÝù/Ëáëù ï³É. ~ a lesson/lec- give [giv] n ³é³Ó·³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ×Ïí»Éáõ/
ture ¹³u ï³É, ¹³ë³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³ñ¹³É. ~ Ïáñ³Ý³Éáõ ѳïÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ and take ÷á˳-
a concert ѳٻñ· ï³É. ~ dinner/supper ¹³ñÓ ½ÇçáõÙ. a ~ and take policy ÷á˳¹³ñÓ
׳ß/ÁÝÃñÇù ϳ½ÙÏ»ñå»É/ï³É. ~ evidence ½ÇçÙ³Ý ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ in a family
íϳÛáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É, íϳۻÉ. ~ to understand ÷á˳¹³ñÓ ½ÇçáõÙ ÁÝï³ÝÇùáõÙ:
ѳëϳóÝ»É ï³É. ~ an order Ññ³Ù³Ý ï³É, given [΄givn] a ïíÛ³É, ïñí³Í. å³Ûٳݳ-
Ññ³Ù³Û»É. ~ a cry μÕ³í»É, ×Çã ³ñӳϻÉ. not íáñí³Í. under the ~ conditions ïñí³Í å³Û-
glacial 360 gleam

Ù³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ. at a ~ time áñáß³ÏÇ /ïíÛ³É ï³ÕÇ Ñ³Û³óùáí Ù»ÏÇÝ/ÙÇ μ³ÝÇ Ý³Û»É:


ųٳݳÏ. ~ a fair wind μ³ñ»Ýå³ëï ù³Ùáõ glaring [΄gleəriŋ] a ßɳóáõóÇã. ϳï³ÕÇ.
¹»åùáõÙ: ÏáåÇï (ë˳É):
glacial [΄glei∫l] a ë³éó», ë³éó³ÛÇÝ. ë³éó³- glass [gla:s] n ³å³ÏÇ. ³å³ÏÛ³ ³Ù³Ý»Õ»Ý.
¹³ßï³ÛÇÝ: ³ëïÕμ. ³ëïÕ³¹Çï³Ï, ѻ鳹Çï³Ï. dark/
glaciation [‚glæsi΄ei∫n] n ë³éó³Ï³ÉáõÙ. frosted/stained/coloured/transparent /crystal ~
ë³éó³¹³ßïÇ Ý»ñ·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ: Ùáõ·/÷³Ûɳï, ³Ý÷³ÛÉ/·áõݳíáñ/ó÷³Ý-
glacier [΄glæsiə] n ë³éó³¹³ßï: óÇÏ / μÛáõñ»Õ³å³ÏÇ ³å³ÏÇ. a pane ~ å³-
glad [glæd] a ·áÑ, áõñ³Ë. áõñ³Ë³ÉÇ, μ»ñÏ- ïáõѳÝÇ ³å³ÏÇ. plate ~ ѳۻÉáõ ³å³ÏÇ.
ñ³ÉÇ. I’m very ~ of it ¸ñ³ ѳٳñ ß³ï splinter of ~ ³å³Ïáõ Ïïáñï³Ýù. ~ door
áõñ³Ë »Ù. ~ news áõñ³Ë³ÉÇ Éáõñ: ³å³Ï» ¹áõé. ~ works ³å³Ïáõ ·áñͳñ³Ý.
gladden [΄glædn] v áõñ³Ë³óÝ»É, ½í³ñ׳ó- ³å³Ï»·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ. medicine ~ ã³÷³ÝáÃ,
Ý»É: Ñ»Õáõϳã³÷. (μ³Å³Ï, ÁÙå³Ý³Ï. ËëÏó.
glade [gleid] n μ³ó³ï: ËÙÇãù) wine/champagne / spirit ~ ·ÇÝáõ/ ß³Ù-
gladiator [΄glædieitə] n ·É³¹Ç³ïáñ, ÏñÏ»- å³ÛÝÇ/ ûÕáõ μ³Å³Ï. clink ~es μ³Å³ÏÝ»ñÝ
ë³Ù³ñïÇÏ (ÐÇÝ ÐéáÙáõÙ)£ Çñ³ñ ½³ñÏ»É. raise one’s ~ μ³Å³Ï μ³ñÓ-
gladiolus [‚glædi΄əuləs] n μëμ. Ãñ³ßáõß³Ý: ñ³óÝ»É, ϻݳó ËÙ»É. ~es ³ÏÝáó. óï»ñ³-
gladly [΄glædli] adv áõñ³ËáõÃÛ³Ùμ, ѳ- Ï³Ý Ñ»é³¹Çï³Ï. put on/wear ~es ³ÏÝáó
×áõÛùáí: Ïñ»É. opera ~es óï»ñ³Ï³Ý ѻ鳹Çï³Ï/
glamorous [΄glæmərəs] a ÑÙ³ÛÇã, Ññ³åáõ- μÇÝáÏÉ:
ñÇã, ÃáíÇã: glass-blower [΄gla:s‚bləuə] n ³å³Ï»·áñÍ
glamour [΄glæmə] n ÑÙ³Ûù, Ññ³åáõñ³Ýù, (³å³ÏÇ ÷ãáÕ) μ³Ýíáñ/·áñÍÇù£
Ãáíã³Ýù. beneath the ~ ³ñï³ùÇÝ ÷³ÛÉÇ glass case [΄gla:skeis] n óáõó³÷»ÕÏ:
ï³Ï. a ~ girl ËëÏó. ßù»Õ ³ÕçÇÏ: glass cloth [΄gla:sklɒθ] ûÛÇ ëñμÇã:
glance [gla:ns] n ѳ۳óù, ݳÛí³Íù. quick/ glass-culture [΄gla:s‚kΛlt∫ə] n ç»ñÙáó³-
cursory/impatient ~ ³ñ³·/ÃéáõóÇÏ, ³ÏÝóñ- μáõÛë:
óÛÇÝ, ³ÝѳÙμ»ñ ѳ۳óù. stealthy ~ ·³Õ- glass-cutter [΄gla:s‚kΛtə] n ³å³ÏÇ ÏïñáÕ.
ï³·áÕÇ Ñ³Û³óù. at first ~ ³é³çÇÝ Ñ³Û³ó- ³ÉÙ³ëï:
ùÇó. at a ~ ÙÇ ³ÏݳñÏáí/ѳ۳óùáí. cast a ~ glassful [΄gla:sful] n ÙÇ ÉÇùÁ μ³Å³Ï:
ѳ۳óù Ý»ï»É. steal a ~ ·³Õï³·áÕÇ Ý³- glass-house [΄gla:shaus] n ËëÏó. ç»ñÙáó.
Û»É. exchange ~s ѳ۳óùÝ»ñ ÷á˳ݳϻÉ: ³å³Ïáõ ·áñͳñ³Ý:
glance [gla:ns] v ݳۻÉ, ѳ۳óù Ó·»É, ³Ï- glass-paper [΄gla:s‚peipə] n ÑÕϳÃáõÕÃ:
ݳñÏ Ý»ï»É. ÃéáõóÇÏ Ý³Û»É, ³ãùÇ ³Ýó- glassy [΄gla:si] a ³å³Ï», ³å³ÏÛ³. ѳۻɳ-
ϳóÝ»É. ~ back/over the shoulder Ñ»ï/áõëÇ ÝÙ³Ý, ѳñÃ. ë³é³Í. a ~ stare ³Ýϻݹ³Ý
íñ³Ûáí ݳۻÉ. ~ through the newspaper ûñÃÁ ѳ۳óù:
³ñ³· ³ãùÇ ³ÝóϳóÝ»É. The bullet ~d off his glaze [gleiz] n çݳñ³Ï, ÷³ÛÉ. çݳñ³Ï³Í
arm ¶Ý¹³ÏÁ (÷³Ù÷áõßïÁ) ûè³ÏÇ Ïå³í ³Ù³Ý»Õ»Ý£
Ýñ³ èÇÝ: glaze [gleiz] v ³å³ÏÇ ·ó»É. çݳñ³Ï»É. ß³-
gland [glænd] n ϽÙË. ·»ÕÓ: ù³ñ³ÑÛáõÃáí å³ï»É. ~ a window å³-
glandule [΄glændju:l] n ·»ÕÓÇÏ. ÷áùñ áõ- ïáõÑ³Ý ³å³Ï»å³ï»É:
éáõóù. glazed [gleizd] a ³å³Ï»å³ï, çݳñ³Ï³Í.
glandular fever [΄glændjulə ΄fi:və] ·»Õ- a ~ look ³Ýϻݹ³Ý/³Õáï ѳ۳óù:
Ó»ñÇ μáñμáùáõÙ: glazier [΄gleiziə] n ³å³ÏÇ ·óáÕ, çݳñ³ÏáÕ
glare [gleə] n ßɳóáõóÇã ÷³ÛÉ, óáÉù. ɳñí³Í/ í³ñå»ï:
½³Ûñ³ó³Í ݳÛí³Íù. the ~ of footlights é³Ù- glazy [΄gleizi] a áÕáñÏ, ÷³ÛÉáõÝ. ³Ýϻݹ³Ý
å³ÛÇ óáÉùÁ. the ~ of the sun ³ñ¨Ç ßɳóáõóÇã (³ãù»ñ):
÷³ÛÉÁ. an angry ~ ½³Ûñ³ó³Í ѳ۳óù: gleam [gli:m] n ßáÕù, ÷³ÛÉ, óáɳóáõÙ. a ~ of
glare [gleə] v ßáÕ³É, ÷³Ûɳï³Ï»É. ɳñ- light/hope/intelligence ÉáõÛëÇ ×³é³·³ÛÃ. ÑáõÛ-
í³Í/½³Ûñ³ó³Í ݳۻÉ. ~ at smb/smth ϳ- ëÇ/μ³Ý³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ÝßáõÛÉ. a ~ of mischief
gleam 361 gloss

Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³ÛÍ/÷³Ûɳï³ÏáõÙ: global [΄gləubl] a ѳٳß˳ñѳÛÇÝ, ѳÙ-


gleam [gli:m] v ÷³ÛÉ»É, ³éϳÛÍ»É: ÁݹѳÝáõñ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ data group ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ
glean [gli:n] v ѳëÏ Ñ³í³ù»É (ÑáõÝÓÇó ·Éáμ³É ËáõÙμ. ~ directory ·Éáμ³É ϳï³Éá·.
Ñ»ïá). ÷Ëμ. ï³ñμ»ñ ³ÕμÛáõñÝ»ñÇó Ù³Ýñ ~ memory ·Éáμ³É ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝ.
ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ѳí³ù»É. (ݳ¨ ~ some ~ network ѳٳ˳ñѳÛÇÝ ó³Ýó. ~ variable
information) Did you ~ anything from him? ·Éáμ³É ÷á÷á˳ϳÝ:
Üñ³ÝÇó áñ¨¿ μ³Ý ÇÙ³ó³±ñ: globalization [΄gləublai‚zei∫n] n ÙÇç³½·³Û-
glee [gli:] n áõñ³ËáõÃÛáõÝ, Ññ×í³Ýù, óÝÍáõ- ݳóáõÙ, ѳٳß˳ñѳÛݳóáõÙ, ·Éáμ³É³-
ÃÛáõÝ: óáõÙ:
gleeful [΄gli:fl] a áõñ³Ë, ½í³ñÃ, μ»ñÏñ³ÉÇ: globe [gləub] n ·áõݹ. »ñÏݳÛÇÝ Ù³ñÙÇÝ. the
glen [glen] n ÑáíÇï, É»éݳ·á·: ~ »ñÏñ³·áõݹÁ. the ~ of the eye ³Ïݳ·áõݹ.
glib [glib] a ׳ñï³ñ, ß³ï³Ëáë. a ~ tongue (·Éáμáõë) terrestrial ~ »ñÏñ³·áõݹ, ·Éáμáõë.
׳ñï³ñ É»½áõ. a ~ excuse å³ïß³×/ѳñ- celestial ~ ѳٳëï»ÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ·Éá-
Ù³ñ å³ïñí³Ï: μáõë/Ùá¹»É. from all the parts of the ~ »ñÏ-
glide [glaid] n ë³ÑáõÙ. ³í. ׳Ëñ³ë³í³é- ñ³·Ý¹Ç μáÉáñ ͳÛñ»ñÇó/ÏáÕÙ»ñÇó:
ÝáõÙ. »ñÅß. ùñáÙ³ïÇÏ ·³ÙÙ³: globe-trotter [΄gləub‚trɒtə] n ËëÏó. ß³ï
glide [glaid] v ë³Ñ»É, ׳Ëñ³ë³í³éÝ»É. ³Ý- ׳ݳå³ñÑáñ¹áÕ Ù³ñ¹:
Ýϳï»ÉÇ Ï»ñåáí ³ÝóÝ»É. ~ over the ice globule [΄glɒbju:l] n ·Ý¹³Ï, ·Ý¹ÇÏ. Ï»Ýë.
ë³éóÇ íñ³Ûáí ë³Ñ»É. ~ into a room ³ÝÝϳ- ³ñÛ³Ý Ï³ñÙÇñ ·Ý¹ÇÏ:
ï»ÉÇ Ý»ñë ³ÝóÝ»É: globular [΄glɒbjulə] a ·Ý¹³Ó¨, μáÉáñ³Ó¨:
glider [΄glaidə] n ³í. ׳Ëñ³ë³í³éÝ³Ï gloom [glu:m] n ˳í³ñ, ÙÃáõÃÛáõÝ. Ùé³Û-
(åɳݻñ): ÉáõÃÛáõÝ. íѳï/ÁÝÏ×í³Í ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ.
gliding [΄glaidiŋ] n ׳Ëñ³ë³í³éÝáõÙ: cast a ~ íѳï ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ëï»Õ-
glim [glim] n ÉáõÛë: Í»É:
glimmer [΄glimə] n ³éϳÛÍáõÙ, ϳÛÍ: gloomy [΄glu:mi] a Ùé³ÛÉ, ËáÅáé. ~ mood
glimmer [΄glimə] v ³éϳÛÍ»É, ³Õáï ÉáõÛë Ùé³ÛÉ ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ news ïËáõñ
³ñӳϻÉ: Éáõñ»ñ. ~ weather ³Ùå³Ù³Í »Õ³Ý³Ï:
glimpse [glimps] n ³ÏݳñÏ, í³ÛñÏÛ³Ý³Ï³Ý glorification [‚glɔ:rifi΄kei∫n] n ÷³é³μ³-
ѳ۳óù. catch a ~ ³ÝóáÕ³ÏÇ ï»ëÝ»É/Ýϳ- ÝáõÙ, ÷³éùÇ Éáõë³åë³Ï:
ï»É: glorify [΄glɔ:rifai] v ÷³é³μ³Ý»É, ·áí³μ³-
glimpse [glimps] v ÝßÙ³ñ»É, ³ãùáíÝ ÁÝÏÝ»É. Ý»É. ËëÏó. ½³ñ¹³ñ»É, å×Ý»É:
³éϳÛÍ»É, ÷³ÛÉ»É: glorious [΄glɔ:riəs] a ÷³é³íáñ, ÷³é³Ñ»Õ.
glint [glint] n ÷³ÛÉù, óáÉù: ÑdzݳÉÇ, ëù³Ýã»ÉÇ, ãùݳÕ. ~ troops ù³ç³-
glint [glint] v μéÝÏ»É, ÷³Ûɳï³Ï»É. the ~ of ñÇ ½áñù»ñ. ~ battle Ñéã³Ï³íáñ ׳ϳï³-
steel åáÕå³ïÇ ÷³ÛÉÁ. There was a hard ~ in Ù³ñï. a ~ victory ÷³é³Ñ»Õ ѳÕóݳÏ.
his eyes Üñ³ ³ãù»ñáõÙ ã³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³ÛÍ ~ music ÑdzݳÉÇ/ÑáÛ³Ï³å »ñ³ÅßïáõÃÛáõÝ:
÷³Ûɳï³Ï»ó: glory [΄glɔ:ri] n ÷³éù, ßù»ÕáõÃÛáõÝ. cover
glisten [΄glisn] v ßáÕ³É, ³éϳÛÍ»É, ÷³Ûɳ- oneself with ~ Çñ»Ý ÷³éùáí åë³Ï»É. morn-
ï³Ï»É. Her eyes ~ed with tears Üñ³ ³ãù»- ing ~ μëμ. å³ï³ïáõÏ go to ~ (÷³éùáí)
ñáõÙ ³ñóáõÝùÝ»ñ ÷³ÛÉ»óÇÝ: Ù»éÝ»É:
glitter [΄glitə] n ÷³ÛÉ, óáÉù, ßáÕ. ÷³ñóÙáõ- gloss I [glɒs] n ÷³ÛÉ, ³ñï³ùÇÝ óáÉù. ~ paint
ÃÛáõÝ, ßù»ÕáõÃÛáõÝ. the ~ of gold áëÏáõ ÷³ÛÉ ïíáÕ Ý»ñÏ. ~ finish ÉëÝÏ. ÝϳñÇÝ
÷³ÛÉÁ: ÷³ÛÉ ï³ÉÁ:
glitter [΄glitə] v ÷³ÛÉ»É, ßáÕ³É: gloss II [glɒs] n Ù»Ïݳμ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ/ͳÝáó-
gloaming [΄gləumiŋ] n í»ñç³ÉáõÛë, ³Õç³- ·ñáõÃÛáõÝ Éáõë³ÝóùáõÙ. ~n law Çñ³íáõÝùÇ
ÙáõÕç, ÙÃÝß³Õ: Ù»Ïݳμ³ÝáõÙ:
gloat [gləut] v ³·³ÑáõÃÛ³Ùμ ݳۻÉ, ³ãù»ñáí gloss [glɒs] v ÷³ÛÉ ï³É, É³í ·áõÛÝ»ñáí Ý»ñ-
áõï»É. óùáõÝ ã³ñ³Ëݹ³É, áõñ³Ë³Ý³É. ϳ۳óÝ»É. ÷Ëμ. ëí³Õ»É, ÏáÍÏ»É. ~ over
~ over the misfortune of others áõñÇßÝ»ñÇ faults ûñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ëí³Õ»É/÷áùñ³óÝ»É.
¹Åμ³ËïáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³ ã³ñ³Ëݹ³É: ~ over a point ï»ë³Ï»ïÁ ÉéáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ïÝ»É:
glossary 362 go

glossary [΄glɒsəri] n Ù³ëݳ·Çï³Ï³Ý ï»ñ- gluey [΄glu:i] a ÏåãáõÝ, Ù³ÍáõóÇÏ:


ÙÇÝÝ»ñÇ μ³é³ñ³Ý: glum [glΛm] a Ùé³ÛÉ, ËáÅáé, ÙÃÇÝ:
glossology [glɒ΄sɒlədзi] n ï»ñÙÇݳμ³- glut [glΛt] n ѳ·»óÝ»É, μ³í³ñ³ñ»É. ·»ñ-
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: ѳ·»óÝ»É. μ»ñÝ»μ»ñ³Ý/ÉÇùÁ ÉóÝ»É. ~
glossy [΄glɒsi] a ÷³ÛÉáõÝ, åëåÕáõÝ, ßáÕßá- oneself with strawberries »É³Ïáí ·»ñѳ·»-
ÕáõÝ. ~ paper ÷³ÛÉ áõÝ»óáÕ/ëݹáõë³Í ݳÉ:
ÃáõÕÃ. ~ hair ÷³ÛÉáõÝ Ù³½»ñ. ~ surface ÷³Û- glutinous [΄glu:tinəs] a Ù³ÍáõóÇÏ, ÏåãáõÝ:
ÉáõÝ Ù³Ï»ñ»ë: glutton [΄glΛtn] n áñÏñ³ÙáÉ/ß³ï³Ï»ñ/ ³Ý-
glove [glΛv] n Ó»éÝáó. a pair of ~s ÙÇ ½áõÛ· ѳ· Ù³ñ¹. ~ for work ³ß˳ï³ë»ñ. ³Ýѳ·
Ó»éÝáó. throw down the ~ Ó»éÝáó Ý»ï»É, ³ß˳ïáÕ:
ٻݳٳñïÇ Ññ³íÇñ»É. take off the ~s Ù³ñ- gluttonous [΄glΛtnəs] a áñÏñ³ÙáÉ, ß³ï³-
ïÇ å³ïñ³ëïí»É. fit like a ~ ËëÏó. ÇëÏÁ Ï»ñ:
ã³÷ëÁ ÉÇÝ»É. Your dress fits like a ~ ¼·»ëï¹ gluttony [΄glΛtni] n áñÏñ³ÙáÉáõÃÛáõÝ, ß³-
ÇëÏÁ ùá ã³÷ëÇÝ ¿. ~ compartment ³í. ï³Ï»ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
·ñå³Ý/ ³ñÏÕÇÏ Ù³ÝñáõùÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ£ G-man [΄dзi:mæn] n ³Ù., ËëÏó. Ñ»ï³-
glover [΄glΛvə] n Ó»éÝáó³·áñÍ, Ó»éÝáó³- ùÝÝáõÃÛ³Ý ý»¹»ñ³É μÛáõñáÛÇ ·áñͳϳÉ:
í³×³é: gnarled [na:ld] a ѳݷáõó³íáñ. Íáõéáõ-
glow [gləu] n Ïñ³Ï, Ñáõñ, ïáÃ. scorching ~ Ùáõé. Ïáßïáõϳíáñ:
ÏǽÇã ïáÃ. (Ññ³óáÉù) the ~ of a campfire/sun- gnash [næ∫] v ³ï³ÙÝ»ñÁ Ïñ×ï³óÝ»É:
set ˳ñáõÛÏÇ/Ù³Ûñ³ÙáõïÇ óáÉù/Ññ³óáÉù. gnat [næt] n ÙáͳÏ, ÙÅ»Õ. strain at a ~ Ù³Ý-
the glow of a lamp ɳÙåÇ ÉáõÛëÁ. the ~ of the ñ³ËݹÇñ ÉÇÝ»É. ·ñáßÇ/ÉáõÙ³ÛÇ/Ïáå»ÏÇ Ñ³-
cigarette Í˳ËáïÇ Ïñ³ÏÁ a ~ of health Ù³ñ Ñá·Ç ï³É:
³éáÕç ϳñÙñáõÃÛáõÝ (¹»ÙùÇ). a ~ of warmth/ gnaw [nɔ:] v ÏñÍ»É, ÏñÍáï»É. ~ a bone áëÏáñ
satisfaction ç»ñÙ ½·³óáõÙ. μ³í³ñ³ñí³Íáõ- ÏñÍ»É. ~ing doubts/anxieties ÏñÍáÕ Ï³ëϳÍ-
ÃÛ³Ý ½·³óáõÙ: Ý»ñ. ï³ÝçáÕ ï³·Ý³å/Ñáõ½ÙáõÝù:
glow [gləu] v Éáõë³íáñ»É, í³é/å³ÛͳéÉáõÛë gnawer [΄nɔ:ə] n ϻݹ. ÏñÍáÕ (ϻݹ³ÝÇ):
³ñӳϻÉ. ³Ûñí»É, í³éí»É, μáñμáùí»É. The gnome [nəum] n ýáõÏ, ·³×³×:
coal was ~ing brightly ²ÍáõËÁ μáó³í³éíáõÙ go [gəu] v ·Ý³É. ~ quickly/straight ³ñ³·/áõÕÇÕ
¿ñ. ~ with health ß³ï ³éáÕç ÉÇÝ»É. ·Ý³É. ~ ahead/back ³é³ç/Ñ»ï ·Ý³É. ~ alo-
³éáÕçáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ï³Ã»É íñ³ÛÇó. ~ with pleas- ne/ in pairs ٻݳÏ/½áõÛ·»ñáí ·Ý³É. ~ by car/
ure ѳ×áõÛùÇó ÷³ÛÉ»É: train/ship Ù»ù»Ý³Ûáí/·Ý³óùáí/ݳíáí ·Ý³É.
glower [΄glauə] n ßÇϳóÙ³Ý É³ñ: The car was ~ing very fast Ø»ù»Ý³Ý ß³ï
glower [΄glauə] v μ³ñϳó³Í/½³Ûñ³ó³Í ³ñ³· ¿ñ ·ÝáõÙ. Let’s go! ¶Ý³Ýù. The road ~
ݳۻÉ: es to the South ֳݳå³ñÑÁ ѳñ³í ¿ ï³-
glowing [΄gləuiŋ] a ÷³ÛÉáÕ, Ññ³ß»Ï, í³é- ÝáõÙ. (Ù»ÏÝ»É, áõÕ¨áñí»É, Ñ»é³Ý³É) ~ for a
íéáõÝ. ~ embers/colours Ññ³ß»Ï ³ÍáõË. walk ½μáë³ÝùÇ ·Ý³É. ~ for a ride/drive ÓÇáí/
í³éíéáõÝ ·áõÛÝ»ñ. a ~ sky μáó³í³é »ñ- ѻͳÝÇíáí/Ù»ù»Ý³Ûáí ·Ý³É. The train ~es
ÏÇÝù. ~ reviews Ñdzó³Ï³Ý ·ñ³Ëáë³Ï³Ý: from platform 3 ¶Ý³óùÁ Ù»ÏÝáõÙ ¿ »ññáñ¹
glow lamp [΄gləulæmp] n ßÇϳɳñ ¿É»Ïï- åɳïýáñÙÇó. The plane has already gone
ñ³É³Ùå: ÆÝùݳÃÇéÝ ³ñ¹»Ý Ãé»É ¿. ~ on a trip/journey/
glow worm [΄gləuwə:m] n ϳÛÍáéÇÏ: tour áõÕ¨áñí»É. ~ on a business ·áñÍáõÕÙ³Ý
glucose [΄glu:kəus] n ˳Õáճ߳ù³ñ, ·Éáõ- ·Ý³É. ~ for a swim ÉáÕ³Éáõ ·Ý³É. (íÇ׳Ï) ~
Ïá½³: hungry ù³Õó³Í ÉÇÝ»É. ~ bad ÷ã³Ý³É. ~ blind
glue [glu:] n ëáëÇÝÓ: Ïáõñ³Ý³É. ~ pale/sick ·áõݳïí»É, ÑÇí³Ý-
glue [glu:] v ëáëÝÓ»É. ëáëÝÓáí ÏåóÝ»É. ~ to- ¹³Ý³É. ~ halves/shares ѳí³ë³ñ ÏÇë»É. ~
gether/ up ÏåóÝ»É be ~d to TV Ñ»éáõëï³- slow ï»ÙåÁ Çç»óÝ»É. (·áñÍ»É, ³ß˳ï»É) Is
óáõÛóÇÝ Ï³éã³Í ÉÇÝ»É. stand ~d to the spot your watch ~ing? ijٳóáõÛó¹ ³ß˳ïá±õÙ ¿
ï»ÕáõÙ ë³é³Í ÙݳÉ. keep one’s eyes ~d The watch ~es fast/slow ųٳóáõÛóÁ ³é³ç/
³ãù»ñÁ ãÑ»é³óÝ»É: Ñ»ï ¿ ÁÝÏÝáõÙ. The car won’t ~ Ø»ù»Ý³Ý
go 363 goal

·áñÍÇ ãÇ ÁÝÏÝáõÙ. ~ to sea/into business/ into ³ÝóÝ»É. ~ beyond one’s authority Édz½áñáõ-
the army/to law ݳí³ëïÇ ¹³éݳÉ, μǽ- ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ·»ñ³½³Ýó»É. ~ down ÇçÝ»É, Ù³Ûñ
Ý»ëáí ½μ³Õí»É, ½ÇÝíáñ³Ï³Ý/Çñ³í³μ³Ý ÙïÝ»É. ~ down with flue ·ñÇåáí ÑÇí³Ý¹³-
¹³éݳÉ. ~ing to å³ïñ³ëïí»É, Ýå³ï³Ï ݳÉ. ~ down in the world Çñ ݳËÏÇÝ ¹ÇñùÁ
áõݻݳÉ. He’s ~ing to see me ܳ Ùï³¹Çñ ¿ ÏáñóÝ»É. ~ far Ñ»éáõÝ ·Ý³É. I won’t ~ so far
ÇÝÓ ï»ëÝ»É. Smth is ~ing to happen ÆÝã-áñ as to... ºë ³Û¹ù³Ý Ñ»éáõ ã»Ù ·Ý³, áñ... ~ in
μ³Ý ¿ å³ï³Ñ»Éáõ. It’s ~ ing to rain ²ÝÓñ¨ ¿ for ½μ³Õí»É. ~ in for sports/music ëåáñ-
·³Éáõ. She’s ~ing to change her job ܳ ïáí/»ñ³ÅßïáõÃÛ³Ùμ ½μ³Õí»É. ~ off ·Ý³É,
å³ïñ³ëïíáõÙ ¿ ÷áË»É Çñ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ. Ñ»é³Ý³É. ~ of one’s head Ë»ÉùÁ ÃéóÝ»É. The
~ to bed ·Ý³É/å³éÏ»É ùÝ»Éáõ. ~ for the doc- bomb went off èáõÙμÁ å³Ûûó. ~ on
tor μÅßÏÇ Ñ»ï¨Çó ·Ý³É. (ÁÝóݳÉ, ³ÝóÝ»É) ß³ñáõݳϻÉ. ~ on trying ß³ñáõݳϻÉ
How ~ es it? ÆÝãå»±ë »Ý ·áñÍ»ñÁ. How did ÷áñÓ»É. ~ out ¹áõñë ·³É. ~ out of business
the exam ~? ÆÝãå»±ë ³Ýó³í ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ. If ·áñÍÇó ¹áõñë ·³É. The fire has gone out
it all ~es well ºÃ» ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã ɳí ÁÝóݳ. It Îñ³ÏÁ ѳݷ»É ¿. ~ out of fashion Ùá¹³ÛÇó
will ~ hard for him Üñ³ ѳٳñ ß³ï ¹Åí³ñ ¹áõñë ·³É. ~ over ³ÝóÝ»É, ÏñÏÝ»É, í»ñ³-
ÏÉÇÝÇ. Summer has already gone ²Ù³éÝ ³ñ- ݳۻÉ. ~ over to cycling ³ÝóÝ»É Ñ»Í³ÝÇí
¹»Ý ³Ýó»É ¿. He’s gone 40 ܳ 40-ÝÝ ³Ýó ¿. ùß»ÉáõÝ. We must ~ over the text Ø»Ýù å»ïù
The pain has gone ò³íÝ ³Ýó³í. All hope is ¿ ³ãùÇ ³ÝóϳóÝ»Ýù ï»ùëïÁ. ~ round
gone àã ÙÇ ÑáõÛë ãϳ. (Ù³ïã»ÉÇ ÉÇÝ»É) Are ßñç³Ýó»É, åïïí»É. My head is ~ing round
there any tickets ~ing? îáÙë»ñ ϳ±Ý í³×³é- ¶ÉáõËë åïïíáõÙ ¿. ~ through ÙÇçáí ³Ýó-
ùáõÙ. as prices ~ now »Ã» ÝϳïÇ áõݻݳÝù Ý»É. ~ through the crowd ³ÙμáËÇ ÙÇçáí
³Ûëûñí³ ·Ý»ñÁ. (Ó·í»É) The road ~es along ³ÝóÝ»É. ~ through much ß³ï ï³é³å»É.
the river ֳݳå³ñÑÁ Ó·íáõÙ ¿ ·»ïÇ »ñ- Brandy went to his head ÎáÝÛ³ÏÁ ·ÉËÇÝ
ϳÛÝùáí. The valley ~ es from East ¸³ßï³- Ë÷»ó. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ to page ³ÝóÝ»É ¿çÇÝ. ~ to
í³ÛñÁ Ó·íáõÙ ¿ ³ñ¨»ÉùÇó. (ë³½»É, ѳٳ- sleep ³ÝóÝ»É ëå³ëáÕ³Ï³Ý é»ÅÇÙÇÝ. ~ to
å³ï³ë˳ݻÉ) These two colours don’t ~ zero í»ñ³Íí»É ½ñáÛÇ, ½ñá ¹³éݳÉ:
well together ²Ûë »ñÏáõ ·áõÛÝ»ñÁ Çñ³ñ ã»Ý go [gəu] n ß³ñÅáõÙ, ÁÝóóù, ·Ý³ÉÁ. on the ~
ѳٳå³ï³ë˳ÝáõÙ. (Ù³ßí»É, ÷ã³Ý³É) ÁÝóóùÇ Ù»ç. full of ~ »é³Ý¹áí ÉÇ. have a ~
His sight/mind is ~ing ܳ ÏáñóÝáõÙ ¿ ï»ëá- ÷áñÓ»É. have another ~ ÙÇ ÷áñÓ ¨ë ϳï³-
ÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ/ Ë»ÉùÁ. The bulb/battery has gone ñ»É. be on the ~ all day ³ÙμáÕç ûñÁ ËÇëï
ȳÙåÝ ³Ûñí»É ¿, سñïÏáóÁ Ýëï»É ¿. (³ÛÉ ½μ³Õí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. It’s your ~ now ÐÇÙ³ Ó»ñ
û·ï.) ~ adrift ß»Õí»É, ûùí»É. ~ along ß³- Ñ»ñÃÝ ¿. a near ~ íï³Ý·³íáñ ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. a
ñáõݳϻÉ, ³é³ç ß³ñÅí»É. ~ unpunished ³Ý- pretty ~ ³¯Û ù»½ ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ/íÇ׳Ï. It’s no ~
å³ïÇÅ ÙݳÉ. ~ one’s own way Çñ ׳- ²Ûëå»ë ãÇ ·Ý³/ÉÇÝÇ. all the ~ ß³ï Ùá¹³ÛÇÏ.
ݳå³ñÑáí ·Ý³É. What he says ~es ÆÝãå»ë Long skirts are all the ~ now ºñϳñ ÷»ß»ñÁ
ݳ ³ëÇ, ³ÛÝå»ë ¿É ϳñíÇ. as the saying ~es ÑÇÙ³ ß³ï Ùá¹³ »Ý:
ÇÝãå»ë ³ëíáõÙ ¿. It ~es without saying goad [gəud] n ËóÝ, ¹ñ¹³å³ï׳é, ß³ñ-
ÆÝùÝÁëïÇÝùÛ³Ý Ñ³ëϳݳÉÇ ¿. ~ about ųéÇÃ:
åïïí»É, ï³ñ³Íí»É. ½μ³Õí»É. ~ about goad [gəud] v ËóݻÉ, ¹ñ¹»É, ëïÇå»É. çÕ³Û-
one’s business Çñ ·áñÍáí ½μ³Õí»É. ~ across ݳóÝ»É, ·ñ·é»É. ~ smb into action ¹ñ¹»É Ù»-
Ïïñ»É-³ÝóÝ»É. ~ across the street ÷áÕáóÁ ÏÇÝ ·áñÍ»Éáõ. ~ smb to fury Ù»ÏÇÝ Ï³ï³-
Ïïñ»É. ~ against ¹»Ù ·Ý³É, ѳϳé³Ï»É. ~ ÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ëóÝ»É:
against one’s principles ëϽμáõÝùÝ»ñÇÝ ¹»Ù go-ahead [΄gəuəhed] n ݳ˳ӻéÝáÕ, Ó»é-
·Ý³É. ~ ahead ³é³ç ·Ý³É, ß³ñáõݳϻÉ. Go Ý»ñ»ó. a very ~ sort of chap ËëÏó. ß³ï Ó»é-
ahead I’ll follow ¶Ý³ó»ù, »ë Ïѳëݻ٠ӻ½. ~ Ý»ñ»ó ïÕ³:
away ·Ý³É, Ñ»é³Ý³É. ~ back í»ñ³¹³éݳÉ. goal [gəul] n Ýå³ï³Ï, Ýå³ï³Ï³Ï»ï.
~ back to the time of í»ñ³¹³éÝ³É Å³Ù³- achieve one’s ~ Ýå³ï³ÏÇÝ Ñ³ëÝ»É. Ùñ½.
ݳÏÝ»ñÇÝ. ~ back on one’s word ËáëùÁ ãϳ- ¹³ñå³ë, ·áÉ. ~ setting Ýå³ï³ÏÝ»ñ ¹Ý»ÉÁ.
ï³ñ»É/¹ñÅ»É. ~ beyond ë³ÑÙ³ÝÁ/ã³÷Á score a ~ ·áÉ Ë÷»É. keep ~ ¹³ñå³ëÁ å³-
goal-keeper 364 golf

Ñ»É. win by three ~s ѳÕÃ»É 3 ·áÉÇ ï³ñμ»- god-forsaken [΄gɒdfə‚seikn] a Éùí³Í, ËáõÉ,
ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ: Ùé³ÛÉí³Í. a ~ hole ËëÏó. ËáõÉ/Éùí³Í
goal-keeper [΄gəul‚ki:pə] n Ùñ½. ¹³ñå³- ³ÝÏÛáõÝ:
ë³å³Ñ: godless [΄gɒdləs] a ³Ý³ëïí³Í:
goal kick [΄gəulkik] n Ùñ½. ѳñí³Í ¹³ñ- godlike [΄gɒdlaik] a ³ëïí³Í³ÝÙ³Ý, ³ëï-
å³ëÇó: í³Í³ÛÇÝ:
goal post [΄gəulpəust] n Ùñ½. ÏáÕÙݳÛÇÝ/í»- godly [΄gɒdli] a μ³ñ»å³ßï:
ñÇÝ ÓáÕ: godmother [΄gɒd‚mΛðə] n ÏÝù³Ù³Ûñ:
go-as-you-please [‚gəuəzju΄pli:z] a ³Ýϳß- godsend [΄gɒdsend] n ³Ýëå³ë»ÉÇ Ñ³çáÕáõ-
ϳݹ, ϳÝáÝÝ»ñÇó ³½³ï: ÃÛáõÝ. ·Ûáõï:
goat [gəut] n ³ÛÍ. ³ëïÕ·. ²ÛÍ»ÕçÛáõñÇ Ñ³- gof(f)er [΄gəufə] v ͳÉù³íáñ»É, ͳɳ½³ñ-
Ù³ëï»ÕáõÃÛáõÝ. get one’s ~ ÷Ëμ. ½³Ûñ³ó- ¹»É:
Ý»É, μ³ñϳóÝ»É. It gets my ~ ¸³ ³½¹áõÙ ¿ go getter [΄gəu‚getə] n ËëÏó. ѳçáÕ³Ï/μ³-
ÇÙ ÝÛ³ñ¹»ñÇ íñ³. play the giddy ~ ÑÇÙ³ñ ñ»μ³Ëï Ù³ñ¹. Ó»éÝ»ñ»ó/·áñͳñ³ñ
Ó¨³Ý³É: Ù³ñ¹:
goatee [gəu΄ti:] n ³ÛͳÙáñáõù: goggle [΄gɒgl]1. n ³ÏÝáó. å³ßïå³Ý³Ï³Ý
goatish [΄gəuti∫] a (ݳ¨ goaty) ³ÛÍÇ, ³Ûͳ- ³ÏÝáó. ËëÏó. ¹áõñë åñÍ³Í ³ãù»ñ. ~eyed
ÛÇÝ. í³í³ßáï:
¹áõñë åñÍ³Í ³ãù»ñáí. stare ~ at ³ãù»ñÁ
goatskin [΄gəutskin] n ³ÛÍÇ Ï³ßÇ, ë³ýÛ³Ý: ãé³Í ݳۻÉ. 2. v ³ãù»ñÁ ãé»É, ɳÛÝ μ³-
gobble [΄gɒbl] v ɳ÷»É, ËÅé»É: ó»É:
gobble [΄gɒbl] v ÏãÏã³É (Ñݹáõѳí). ÷Ëμ. going [΄gəuiŋ] n ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»óáÕ. ³éϳ.
÷ÝÃ÷ÝóÉ, ÙéÃÙéóÉ:
20 min ~ 20 ñáå»Ç áïùÇ ×³Ý³å³ñÑ. a
gobelin [΄gəublin] n å³ïÏ»ñ³½³ñ¹ ·áñ·, good ~ for the car É³í ³ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝ Ù»ù»-
·áμ»É»Ý:
ݳÛÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ:
go-between [΄gəubi‚twi:n] n ÙÇçÝáñ¹:
goblet [΄gɒblət] n ·³í³Ã, ëϳѳÏ: going [΄gəuiŋ] a ·áñÍáÕ, ³ß˳ïáÕ, ÁÝó-
óÇÏ. ~ concern ÝáñÙ³É ·áñÍáÕ ÁÝÏ»ñáõ-
goblin [΄gɒblin] n ï³Ý á·Ç, ã³ñ á·Ç:
ÃÛáõÝ. The book is hard ~ ¶ÇñùÁ ¹Åí³ñ ¿
go-by [΄gəubai] n ³Ýï»ë»É, ѳßíÇ ã³éÝ»É.
give one the ~ Ù»ÏÇÝ ³Ýï»ë»É/ѳßíÇ ã³é- ϳñ¹³óíáõÙ. the best car ~ ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»-
Ý»É: óáÕ Ù»ù»Ý³Ý»ñÇó ³Ù»Ý³É³íÁ:
go-cart [΄gəuka:t] n Ù³Ýϳë³ÛɳÏ. ù³ÛÉ»É goings-on [‚gəuiŋz΄ɒn] n í³ñù, í³ñù³·ÇÍ:
ëáíáñ»óÝ»Éáõ ³Ýí³íáñ ßñç³Ý³Ï: goitre [΄gɔitə] n ËåÇå, ½áμ:
god [gɒd] n ²ëïí³Í. pagan/ancient/immortal gold [gəuld] n áëÏÇ, áëÏ»¹ñ³Ù. ÷Ëμ. ѳñÁë-
~s ѻóÝáë/ÑÇÝ/³ÝÙ³Ñ ³ëïí³ÍÝ»ñ. ïáõÃÛáõÝ, ·³ÝÓ. the ~ standard áëÏáõ ëï³Ý-
household ~s ¹Çóμ. ïݳÛÇÝ ³ëïí³ÍÝ»ñ. be- ¹³ñïÁ ~ mine áëÏáõ ѳÝù. ~ dust ÷Ëμ.
lieve in ~ ³ëïÍáõÝ Ñ³í³ï³É. pray to ~ áëÏ»μ»ñ ³í³½. a heart of ~ ÷Ëμ. áëÏ»
³ëïÍáõÝ ³ÕáûÉ. worship ~s å³ßï»É ëÇñï:
³ëïí³ÍÝ»ñÇÝ. my God ²ëïí³Í ÇÙ. by God golden [΄gəuldən] a áëÏ», áëÏÛ³. óÝϳñ-
²ëïí³Í íϳ. for God‘s sake Ç ë»ñ ²ëïÍá. Å»ù, óÝϳ·ÇÝ. áëÏ»·áõÛÝ. ~ rule/opportu-
Thank God ö³éù ²ëïÍáõ. God forbid! nity áëÏ» ϳÝáÝ, Ñá۳ϳå Ñݳñ³íáñáõ-
²ëïí³Í ÙÇ° ³ñ³ëó». God bless you! ²ëïÍá°õ ÃÛáõÝ:
ûñÑÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ù»½ ÉÇÝÇ, ³éáÕçáõÃÛáõÝ. God gold fever [΄gəuld‚fi:və] n (ݳ¨ gold rush)
damn you! ²ÝÇÍí»ë, ²ÝÇÍÛ³É ÉÇÝ»ë. make a ~ áëÏ»ï»Ý¹, áëÏ»Ëáõ½áõÃÛ³Ý ï»Ý¹:
of smb Ù»ÏÇÝ å³ßï»É/³ëïí³Í³óÝ»É: gold field [΄gəuldfi:ld] n áëÏ»μ»ñ í³Ûñ, áë-
god-child [΄gɒdt∫aild] n (ݳ¨ godson) ë³Ý, Ïáõ ѳÝù:
ë³ÝÇÏ. ë³Ýáñ¹Ç: gold-fish [΄gəuldfi∫] n áëÏ» ÓÏÝÇÏ:
god-daughter [΄gɒd‚dɔ:tə] n ë³ÝáõÑÇ: gold-mine [΄gəuldmain] n áëÏ» ѳÝù. ÷Ëμ.
goddess [΄gɒdes] n ³ëïí³ÍáõÑÇ, ¹ÇóáõÑÇ: »Ï³Ùï³μ»ñ, ѳñáõëï í³Ûñ:
godfather [΄gɒd‚fa:ðə] n ÏÝù³Ñ³Ûñ: goldsmith [΄gəuldsmiθ] n áëÏ»ñÇã:
godfearing [΄gɒd‚fiəriŋ] a ³ëïí³Í³í³Ë: golf [gɒlf] 1. n Ùñ½. ·áÉý. play ~ ·áÉý ˳ճÉ.
golfer 365 good-will

2. v ·áÉý ˳ճÉ: It’s ~ for another 5 years ¸³ ÑÇÝ· ï³ñÇ ¿É


golfer [΄gɒlfə] n ·áÉý ˳ճóáÕ: Ïͳé³ÛÇ. The ticket is ~ for 3 months îáÙëÁ
goluptious [gə΄lΛp∫əs] a ÏïÏ. ÑdzݳÉÇ, áõÅÇ Ù»ç ¿ »ñ»ù ³ÙÇë. give a ~ scolding
ãùݳÕ, ëù³Ýã»ÉÇ. ѳٻÕ, ѳÙáí: ËÇëï ѳݹÇٳݻÉ. have a ~ talk Éáõñç Ëá-
gondola [΄gɒndələ] n Ù³ÏáõÛÏ (í»Ý»ïÇÏ- ë³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ. (μ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ) learn a
Û³Ý), ·áݹáÉ. ½³ÙμÛáõÕ (û¹³å³ñÇÏÇ). ~ deal ß³ï μ³Ý ëáíáñ»É. cost a ~ deal óÝÏ
³åñ³ÝùÇ ¹³ñ³ÏÝ»ñ (ϳݷáõÝ). drink ~ ³ñŻݳÉ. a ~ few people μ³í³Ï³Ý ß³ï
ËÙÇãùÝ»ñÇ Ï³Ý·áõÝ: Ù³ñ¹. We waited a ~ hour Ø»Ýù ÙÇ ³ÙμáÕç
gondolier [‚gɒndə΄liə] n Ù³ÏáõÛϳí³ñ: ų٠ëå³ë»óÇÝù. as good as ÝáõÛÝù³Ý/ɳí/
gone [gɒn] a Ïáñ³Í, ÏáñͳÝí³Í. ³Ýó³Í, áñù³Ý. as ~ as new ÇÝãå»ë ÝáñÁ. as ~ as set-
Ù»é³Í. ëÇñ³Ñ³ñí³Í (on, upon): tled ÷³ëïáñ»Ý áñáßí³Í. make ~ μ³ñ·³-
gong [gɒŋ] n Ïáãݳ½³Ý·, ·áÝ·. The ~ has í³×»É, ѳçáÕ³Ï ÉÇÝ»É. make ~ one’s promise
gone/sounded ¼³Ý·Á ÑÝã»ó: Çñ ËáëïáõÙÁ å³Ñ»É. make ~ the loss íݳëÁ
good [gud] n μ³ñÇù. the ~ μ³ñûñáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳïáõó»É. stand ~ áõÅÇ Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É:
μ³ñÇ Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ. do ~ μ³ñÇù ·áñÍ»É. be up to good [gud] adv ɳí. a ~ long walk ÙÇ É³í ½μá-
no ~ for the ~ of μ³ñÇùÇ/μ³ñûñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³- ë³Ýù. ~ and hot ß³ï ßá·, ï³å:
Ù³ñ. (û·áõï, ß³Ñ) What ~ will that be? ¸ñ³- good-bye [‚gud΄bai] n Ññ³Å»ßï. say ~ Ññ³-
ÝÇó DZÝã û·áõï ϳ. It’s no ~ ú·áõï ãϳ. for Å»ßï ï³É, Ùݳë μ³ñáí ³ë»É:
your ~ ùá û·ïÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. It’s all to the ~ ²Ù»Ý good-for-nothing [‚gudfə΄nΛθiŋ] n ³Ý-
ÇÝã ɳí ÏÉÇÝÇ. for ~ and all ÁݹÙÇßï: å»ïù, áã åÇï³ÝÇ:
good [gud] a ɳí. ~ advice ɳí ËáñÑáõñ¹. good-humoured [‚gud΄hju:məd] a μ³ñ»-
have a ~ rest ɳí ѳݷëï³Ý³É. a ~ begin- ëÇñï, μ³ñ»ÙÇï:
ning/mood/news ɳí ëÏǽμ/ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõ- good-looking [‚gud΄lukiŋ] a ·»Õ»óÇÏ, ëÇ-
ÃÛáõÝ/ÝáñáõÃÛáõÝ. have a ~ breakfast/meal ñáõÝÇÏ, μ³ñ»ï»ë:
Ïáõßï ݳ˳׳߻É/áõï»É. earn ~ money ɳí good-natured [‚gud΄neit∫əd] a μ³ñÇ, μ³ñ»-
÷áÕ í³ëï³Ï»É. be ~ enough μ³ñÇ ÉÇÝ»É. be ëÇñï, μ³ñ»Ñá·Ç:
~ at languages É»½áõÝ»ñáõÙ ÁݹáõÝ³Ï ÉÇÝ»É. goodness [΄gudnəs] n μ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ٻͳÑá-
have a ~ reason Éáõñç å³ï׳é áõݻݳÉ. too ·áõÃÛáõÝ. G~ me! G~ gracious! î»ñ ²ëïí³Í.
~ to be true ã³÷³½³Ýó É³íª ×ßÙ³ñÇï G~ knows ²ëïí³Í ·ÇïÇ. Thank ~ ö³éù
ÉÇÝ»Éáõ ѳٳñ ~ heavens/gracious ²ëïí³Í ²ëïÍá. for ~‘s sake ²ëïÍáõ ëÇñáõÝ:
ÇÙ. (ѳ׻ÉÇ, μ³ñÇ) a ~ man μ³ñÇ Ù³ñ¹. ~ goods [gudz] n ³åñ³Ýù. Çñ»ñ, áõÝ»óí³Íù.
works μ³ñÇ ·áñÍ»ñ. a ~ name μ³ñÇ Ñ³Ù- consumer ~ ɳÛÝ ëå³éÙ³Ý ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñ. ~
μ³í. ~ faith μ³ñÛ³ó³Ï³ÙáõÃÛáõÝ. It’s very ~ and services ³åñ³Ýù ¨ ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ. knit-
of you ¸áõù ß³ï μ³ñÇ »ù. ~ morning μ³ñÇ ted ~ ·áñÍí³Íù»Õ»Ý. canned ~ å³Ñ³Íá.
ÉáõÛë/³é³íáï. Have a ~ journey ´³ñÇ ×³- fancy ~ ³ñ¹áõ½³ñ¹Ç ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñ, ·³É³Ý-
ݳå³ñÑ. G~ luck гçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. (û·ï³- ï»ñ»³. ~ and chattels ³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý ·áõÛù.
ϳñ) It’s ~ for your health ¸³ û·ï³Ï³ñ ¿ semifinished ~ ÏÇëå³ïñ³ëïáõù. industrial ~
Ó»ñ ³éáÕçáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ. This medicine is ~ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳμ»ñ³Ï³Ý ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñ. hard ~ »ñ-
for headache ²Ûë ¹»ÕÁ û·ï³Ï³ñ ¿ ·É˳ó³- ϳñ³ï¨ ·áñͳÍáõÃÛ³Ý ³é³ñϳݻñ
íÇÝ. (ÑÙáõï, Ó»éÝѳë) a ~ doctor/lawyer (ïÝï. ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñ, ϳÑáõÛù ¨ ³ÛÉÝ) basket
ÑÙáõï μÅÇßÏ/Çñ³í³μ³Ý. (åÇï³ÝÇ) ~ for of ~ å³ñ»ÝÇ ½³ÙμÛáõÕ. a ~ train ³åñ³Ýù³-
drinking ËÙ»Éáõ ѳٳñ åÇï³ÝÇ. ~ for noth- ï³ñ ·Ý³óù:
ing ³Ýå»ïù, áã å»ïù³Ï³Ý. The meat is still good-tempered [‚gud΄tempəd] a ѳí³ë³-
~ ØÇëÁ ¹»é ɳí íÇ׳ÏáõÙ ¿. All in ~ time ñ³Ïßéí³Í. a ~ fellow ѳí³ë³ñ³Ïßéí³Í
²Ù»Ý ÇÝã Çñ ųٳݳÏÇÝ. The fish doesn’t Ù³ñ¹:
smell ~ ÒáõÏÁ óñÙ ã¿. in ~ time ×Çßï ųٳ- good-will [‚gud΄wil] n μ³ñÇ Ï³Ùù, μ³ñÛ³-
ݳÏÇÝ. (Ñáõë³ÉÇ, íëï³Ñ»ÉÇ) ~ debts Ñáõë³- ó³Ï³ÙáõÃÛáõÝ. ɳí ѳÙμ³í. Ñ»ÕÇݳÏáõ-
ÉÇ å³ñïù»ñ. ~ brakes Ñáõë³ÉÇ ³ñ·»É³Ï- ÃÛáõÝ. ~ of a business ·áñÍÇ í³ñÏÁ/Ñ»ÕÇݳ-
Ý»ñ. on ~ authority íëï³Ñ»ÉÇ ³ÕμÛáõñÝ»ñÇó. ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ:
goody 366 grabble

goody I [΄gudi] 1. n Ï»ÕÍ μ³ñ»ñ³ñ. 2. a gossipy [΄gɒsipi] a ß³Õ³Ïñ³ï, ß³ï³Ëáë.


ù³Õóñ- Ù»Õóñ, ë»ÝïÇÙ»Ýï³É: μ³Ùμ³ëÏáï:
goody II [΄gudi] n ù³Õóñ»Õ»Ý: Gothic [΄gɒθik] n ·áûñ»Ý. ·áÃ³Ï³Ý ·Çñ/
goofy [΄gu:fi] ÑÇÙ³ñ, ³ÝË»Éù: á×:
goose [gu:s] n ë³·. You silly little ~ ËëÏó. gourmand [΄guəmənd] n ɳí áõï»É ëÇñáÕ:
¸áõ, ÑÇÙ³ñÇÏ: gourmet [΄guəmei] n Ñ³Ù»Õ áõï»ëïÝ»ñ
gooseberry [΄guzbəri] n ÷߳ѳճñç. old ~ ëÇñáÕ:
ë³ï³Ý³. play old ~ Çñ³ñ³ÝóáõÙ ³é³ç³ó- gout [gaut] n Ñá¹³ï³å. an attack of ~ Ñá¹³-
Ý»É: ï³åÇ Ýáå³:
goose-egg [΄gu:seg] n ë³·Ç Óáõ. (˳ÕÇ Ù»ç, gouty [΄gauti] a Ñá¹³ï³åáí ï³é³åáÕ:
÷Ëμ.) ½ñá: govern [΄gΛvn] v ϳé³í³ñ»É. ïÇñ»É, Çß-
goose-flesh [΄gu:sfle∫] n ë³·³Ù³ßÏ, ÷ß³- Ë»É. ³½¹»É, ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ. be ~ed
ù³Õí³Í Ù³ßÏ: by opinions of others áõñÇßÝ»ñÇ Ï³ñÍÇùÝ»ñÇ
gordian [΄gɔ:diən] a ·áñ¹Û³Ý. cut the ~ knot ³½¹»óáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï ÉÇÝ»É. I’ll be ~ed by your
·áñ¹Û³Ý ѳݷáõÛóÁ Ïïñ»É: advice ºë Ïѻ層٠ӻñ ËáñÑñ¹ÇÝ:
gore [gɔ:] v åέѳñ»É. ͳϻÉ, Ëáó»É. He governance [΄gΛvnəns] n ϳé³í³ñáõÙ, Õ»-
was badly ~d by a bull òáõÉÁ Ýñ³Ý áõÅ»Õ Ï³í³ñáõÙ:
åέѳñ»É ¿ñ: governess [΄gΛvnəs] n ïݳÛÇÝ ¹³ëïdz-
gorge [gɔ:dз] n ÏÇñ×. His ~ rose at the sight ñ³ÏãáõÑÇ:
÷Ëμ. ¸³ Ýñ³ Ù»ç ½½í³Ýù ³é³ç³óñ»ó: governing [΄gΛvniŋ] a ջϳí³ñáÕ, ÇßËáÕ,
gorge [gɔ:dз] v ã³÷³½³Ýó ß³ï/³·³Ñ³- ϳé³í³ñáÕ. the ~ class/party/principle Çß-
μ³ñ áõï»É. He ~d himself on pancakes ܳ ËáÕ/ ջϳí³ñáÕ ¹³ë/Ïáõë³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ. Õ»-
³·³Ñ³μ³ñ μÉÇÃÝ»ñ Ï»ñ³í: ϳí³ñ ëϽμáõÝù:
gorgeous [΄gɔ:dзəs] a í³é, å³Ûͳé. ~ co- government [΄gΛvnmənt] n ϳé³í³ñáõ-
lours å³ÛÍ³é ·áõÛÝ»ñ: have ~ time ËëÏó. Ñá- ÃÛáõÝ, ϳé³í³ñáõÙ. the ~ ϳé³í³ñáõÃÛáõ-
۳ϳå Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ³ÝóϳóÝ»É. ~ style í»- ÝÁ. member of the ~ ϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³Ý-
ñ³Ùμ³ñÓ/×áéáÙ á×: ¹³Ù. democratic ~ ϳé³í³ñÙ³Ý ¹»ÙáÏñ³-
gorget [΄gɔ:dзit] n í½Ýáó, Ù³ÝÛ³Ï: ï³Ï³Ý ѳٳϳñ·. local ~ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý
gorilla [gə΄rilə] n ·áñÇɳ (ϳåÇÏ)£ ÇÝùݳí³ñáõÙ. self- ~ ÇÝùݳϳé³í³ñáõÙ.
gory [΄gɔ:ri] a ³ñÛáõÝáï, ³ñÛáõÝáí legitimate ~ ûñÇÝ³Ï³Ý Ï³é³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. a
Ý»ñÏí³Í: ~ official å»ï³Ï³Ý ãÇÝáíÝÇÏ:
gosh [gɒ∫] int ËëÏó. by ~ ³°Û ù»½ μ³Ý, ·ñáÕÁ governmental [‚gΛvn΄mentl] a ϳé³í³-
ï³ÝÇ: ñ³Ï³Ý, å»ï³Ï³Ý:
gosling [΄gɒzliŋ] n ë³·ÇÏ, ë³·Ç ×áõï: governor [΄gΛvnə] n ϳé³í³ñÇã, ïÇñ³-
go slow [‚gəu΄sləu] n ËëÏó. ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ Ï³É. ݳѳݷ³å»ï. the ~ of a state ݳѳÝ-
ï»ÙåÇ Çç»óáõÙ: ·³å»ï. the ~ of a prison μ»ñ¹Ç å³ñ»ï.
gospel [΄gɒspl] n ³í»ï³ñ³Ý. ù³ñá½. μ³Ýï³å»ï.í»ñ³Ï³óáõ. the ~ ËëÏó. ï»ñ,
ËëÏó. ~ truth ½áõï/ÇëÏ³Ï³Ý ×ßÙ³ñïáõ- ·áñͳï»ñ, ß»ý:
ÃÛáõÝ: gown [gaun] n ½·»ëï (ѳٳÉë³ñ³Ý³Ï³Ý).
gospeller [΄gɒspələ] n ³í»ï³ñ³ÝÇã: Çñ³í. ÃÇÏÝáó. morning ~ ˳ɳÃ.:
gossamer [΄gɒsəmə] n ßÕ³ñß. ûè, ³Ý- grab [græb] n ׳ÝÏáõÙ, ѳ÷ßï³ÏáõÙ, Ûáõ-
çñ³ÝóÇÏ ·áñÍí³Íù. û¹Ç Ù»ç ÃéãáÕ ë³ñ- ñ³óáõÙ, ·é÷áõÙ:
¹áëï³ÛÝÇ Ã»É»ñ: grab [græb] v ËÉ»É, ѳ÷ßï³Ï»É, ÏáÕáåï»É.
gossip [΄gɒsip] 1. n μ³Ùμ³ë³Ýù, ³ë»Ïáë». μéÝ»É, ϳéã»É. ~ at smth ÇÝã-áñ μ³ÝÇó
μ³Ùμ³ëáÕ. ß³ï³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ column ϳéã»É. ~ at a branch ×ÛáõÕÇó μéÝí»É. ~ at a
ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛáõÝ μ³ñÓñ ѳë³ñ³- chance Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÇó ϳéã»É:
ÏáõÃÛ³Ý ÏÛ³ÝùÇó. 2. v μ³Ùμ³ë»É. ~ about grabble [΄græbl] v ˳ñ˳÷»É, ßáß³÷»Éáí
smb Ù»ÏÇ Ù³ëÇÝ μ³Ùμ³ë»É: ÷Ýïñ»É:
grace 367 grainstack

grace [greis] n Ýñμ³·»ÕáõÃÛáõÝ, í³Û»Éã³·»- ÃÛáõÝ. ýǽ. ·ñ³¹Ç»Ýï:


ÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ݳ½»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ. a girl full of ~ gradual [΄grædзuəl] a ³ëïÇ׳ݳϳÝ,
Ýñμ³·»Õ/í³Û»Éã³·»Õ ³ÕçÇÏ. with ~ Ýñμ³- ³ëïÇ׳ݳμ³ñ ϳï³ñíáÕ:
·»ÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ, Ýñμáñ»Ý. move with ~ í³Û»Éã³- gradually [΄grædзuəli] adv ³ëïÇ׳ݳμ³ñ,
·»Õ Ó¨áí ù³ÛÉ»É. the G~s ÑáõÝ. ¹Çóμ. ·»Õáõ- Ñ»ï½Ñ»ï»:
ÑÇÝ»ñÁ. (μ³ñ»Ñ³×áõÃÛáõÝ, Ý»ñáõÙ) granting graduate [΄grædзuət] n ßñç³Ý³í³ñï.
of ~ Ý»ñáõÙ ßÝáñÑ»ÉÁ. Your G ~ Ó»ñ¹ å³Û- μ³ñÓñ³·áõÛÝ ÏñÃáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»óáÕ Ù³ñ¹.
ͳé³÷³ÛÉáõÃÛáõÝ. (ï³Ïï, Ýñμ³½·³óáõ- Ñ»Õáõϳã³÷, ã³÷³ÝáÃ. Oxford ~ úùëýáñ-
ÃÛáõÝ) with a good ~ ëÇñ³ÉÇñ Ï»ñåáí. with a ¹Ç ßñç³Ý³í³ñï. post ~ ³ëåÇñ³Ýï. re-
bad/ill ~ ¹ÅϳÙáõÃÛ³Ùμ, ³ÝÝñμ³Ýϳï search at ~ level ³í³ñï³Ï³Ý ѻﳽáï³-
Ó¨áí. be in one’s good/bad ~s μ³ñ»Ñ³- Ï³Ý ³ß˳ï³Ýù:
×áõÃÛáõÝÁ í³Û»É»É, ³Ýμ³ñÛ³ó³Ï³ÙáõÃÛ³- graduate [΄grædзueit] v ³í³ñï»É, ³ëïÇ-
ÝÁ ³ñųݳݳÉ. fall from ~ ³ãùÇó ÁÝÏÝ»É. a ׳ݻÉ. μ³ßË»É, ã³÷Á ë³ÑٳݻÉ. ~ in chem-
week’s/month’s ~ Ù»Ï ß³μ³Ãáí/³Ùëáí ųÙ- istry ùÇÙÇ³Ï³Ý ý³ÏáõÉï»ïÝ ³í³ñï»É:
Ï»ïÇ »ñϳñ³óáõÙ: graduated [΄grædзueitid] ¹ÇåÉáÙ³íáñ,
graceful [΄greisfl] a ݳ½³ÝÇ, í³Û»Éã³Ï³½Ù, áñ³ÏÛ³É, ³ëïÇ׳ݳíáñí³Í. ~ pension
Ýñμ³·»Õ. ~ figure í³Û»Éã³Ï³½Ù. ~ manners ï³ñμ»ñ³Ïí³Í Ï»Ýë³Ãáß³Ï. ~ structure
Ýñμ³·»Õ ß³ñÅáõÓ¨: ³ëïÇ×³Ý³Ï³Ý Ï³éáõóí³Íù:
graceless [΄greisləs] a ³Ýí³Û»É, ³Ýå³ï- graduation [‚grædзu΄ei∫n] n ѳٳÉë³ñ³ÝÇ
ß³×, ÉåÇñß.³Ûɳë»ñí³Í: (áõëáõÙÝ³Ï³Ý ¹³ëÁÝóóÇ) ³í³ñï/
gracious [΄grei∫əs] a áÕáñÙ³Í, ·Ã³ëÇñï. ³í³ñïáõÙ. ·Çï³Ï³Ý ÏáãáõÙ ßÝáñÑ»ÉÁ:
μ³ñÇ Ñ³×»ÉÇ ¹áõñ»Ï³Ý. a ~ smile ѳ׻ÉÇ/ graft [gra:ft] n å³ïí³ëïáõÙ, ïÝϳßÇí.
¹áõñ»Ï³Ý ÅåÇï: μÅßÏ. ÑÛáõëí³ÍùÝ»ñÇ ÷áËå³ïí³ëï.
gradate [grə΄deit] v ³ëïÇ׳ݳíáñ»É.ÙÇ a bone/ skin ~ áëÏñÇ/Ù³ßÏÇ ÷áËå³ï-
íÇ׳ÏÇó ÙÛáõëÇÝ ³ÝóÝ»É. ÝÏñã. ÙÇ í³ëï:
»ñ³Ý·Çó ÙÛáõëÇÝ ³ÝóÝ»É: graft [gra:ft] n ϳ߳é³Ï»ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ϳ-
gradation [grə΄dei∫n] n ³ëïÇ×³Ý³Ï³Ý ß³éù:
³ÝóáõÙ, ³ëïÇ׳ݳíáñáõÙ. ~s ³ÝóÙ³Ý graft [gra:ft] v ·Õï. å³ïí³ëï»É. μÅßÏ.
ßñç³ÝÝ»ñ/³ëïÇ׳ÝÝ»ñ: ÷áËå³ïí³ëï»É. ~ to a rose bush í³ñ¹Ç
grade [greid] n ³ëïÇ׳Ý, ÏáãáõÙ, ϳñ· Ã÷Ç íñ³ å³ïí³ëï»É:
¹³ë. one ~ higher ÙÇ ³ëïÇ×³Ý μ³ñÓñ. reach grafter [΄gra:ftə] n ·Õï. å³ïí³ëï³óáõ.
the top ~ μ³ñÓñ³·áõÛÝ Ï³ñ·Á ëï³Ý³É. (å³ïí³ëïÇ) ¹³Ý³Ï. ϳ߳é³Ï»ñ/˳ñ-
make the ~s Çñ Ýå³ï³ÏÇÝ Ñ³ëÝ»É. (ï»- ¹³Ë Ù³ñ¹:
ë³Ï) a low ~ of butter ó³Íñáñ³Ï ϳñ³·. ~ grafting [΄gra:ftiŋ] n å³ïí³ëïáõÙ. bark ~
level ¹³ë³ñ³Ý, áõëáõÙݳéáõÃÛ³Ý ï³ñÇ. å³ïí³ëïáõÙ μáÕμáçáí:
entry ~ ÁݹáõÝ»ÉáõÃÛ³Ý ·Ý³Ñ³ï³Ï³Ý. top grain [grein] n ѳó³Ñ³ïÇÏ, ѳó³μáõÛë»ñ.
~s í»ñÇÝ ûÕ³ÏÝ»ñ. downgrade ¹³ñÇí³Ûñ. ·ñ³Ý (¹»Õ³ï³Ý ÏßéÇ ã³÷ -0, 648 ·ñ.). the
upgrades í»ñ»Éù. The business is on the ~ harvest ѳïÇϳíáñÝ»ñÇ μ»ñù. (ѳïÇÏ,
up/down ~ ÷Ëμ. ¶áñÍÁ í»ñ»Éù/³ÝÏáõÙ ¿ Ù³Ýñ³Ñ³ïÇÏ) a ~ of gold/salt/send áë-
³åñáõÙ: Ïáõ/³ÕÇ/³í³½Ç ѳïÇÏ, ³í³½³Ñ³ïÇÏ.
grade [greid] v ³ëïÇ׳ݳíáñ»É. ï»ë³Ï³- (ÝßáõÛÉ, ÷ßáõñ) a ~ of truth ×ßÙ³ñïáõÃÛ³Ý
íáñ»É. ·Õï. ˳ã³Ó¨Ù³Ý ÙÇçáóáí ó»ÕÁ ÝßáõÛÉ/ѳïÇÏ. a ~ of sense áÕç³ÙïáõÃÛ³Ý
ɳí³óÝ»É. ~ according to size Áëï ã³÷ëÇ ÝßáõÛÉ. (Ù³Ýñ³Ã»É, ûÉÇÏ, »ñ³Ï) against/with
ï»ë³Ï³íáñ»É: the ~ ûÉÇ/ûÉÇ Ñ³Ï³é³Ï áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ go
graded [΄greidid] a ³ëïÇ׳ݳϳÝ, ï»ë³- against the ~ ѳϳë»É. dye in ~ ϳÛáõÝ/¹Ç-
ϳíáñí³Í. ~ tax ³×áÕ/åñá·ñ»ëÇí ѳñÏ: Ù³óÏáõÝ Ý»ñÏáí Ý»ñÏ»É. a fool in ~ ϳï³ñ-
grade-school [΄greidsku:l] n ³Ù. ËëÏó. Û³É ÑÇÙ³ñ:
ï³ññ³Ï³Ý ¹åñáó: grainstack [΄greinstæk] n ѳó³Ñ³ïÇÏÇ
gradient [΄greidiənt] n ûùí³Íù, ûùáõ- ¹»½:
grainy 368 graphology

grainy [΄greini] a ѳïÇϳíáñ: ï³É. ~ a claim å³Ñ³ÝçÁ μ³í³ñ³ñ»É. ~ a


gram [græm] n Ù³Ýñ ëÇë»é: pension Ãáß³Ï Ý߳ݳϻÉ. ~ a licence ³ñïá-
grammar [΄græmə] n ù»ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ù»- ݳ·Çñ ïñ³Ù³¹ñ»É. ~ a request Ëݹñ³ÝùÁ
ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ¹³ë³·Çñù: μ³í³ñ³ñ»É. ~ permission ÃáõÛɳïñ³·Çñ
grammar-school [΄græməsku:l] n ¹³ë³- ï³É. ~ me a favour ßÝáñÑ ³ñ»ù. ~ legal aid
Ï³Ý ÙÇçݳϳñ· ¹åñáó: Çñ³í³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ óáõÛó ï³É.
grammatical [grə΄mætikl] a ù»ñ³Ï³Ý³- (ÁݹáõÝ»É, Ñݳñ³íáñ ѳٳñ»É) ~ed that
ϳÝ. ù»ñ³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý ×Çßï: ÁݹáõÝ»Éáí, áñ. take for ~ed ³Ý³é³ñÏ»ÉÇ
gramme [græm] n ·ñ³Ù: ѳٳñ»É, áñå»ë ×ßÙ³ñïáõÃÛáõÝ Áݹáõ-
gramophone [΄græməfəun] n ·ñ³Ù³ýáÝ, Ý»É:
å³ï»ýáÝ. play/put on the ~ ëϳí³é³Ï grantee [gra:n΄ti:] n Ýí»ñ/å³ñ·¨ ëï³óáÕ.
Éë»É/ ¹Ý»É. ~ record Ó³Ûݳëϳí³é³Ï: ßÝáñѳéáõ:
granary [΄grænəri] n ßï»Ù³ñ³Ý, ³Ù- grant in-aid [‚grantin΄eid] n ¹ñ³Ù³Ï³Ý
μ³ñ: Ýå³ëï, ¹áï³ódz:
grand [grænd] a í»Ñ³å³ÝÍ, ÷³é³Ñ»Õ, grantor [gra:n΄tɔ:] n ßÝáñѳïáõ, ïíáÕ:
Ù»Í. ËëÏó. Ñá۳ϳå. in a ~ manner í»Ñ/í»- granular [΄grænjulə] a ѳïÇϳíáñ, ѳ-
ѳëù³Ýã Ó¨áí. ~ schemes íÇÃ˳ñÇ Íñ³- ï³íáñí³Í:
·ñ»ñ. a ~ lady ³½Ýí³Ï³Ý ïÇÏÇÝ. ~ master granulate [΄grænjuleit] v ѳïÇϳíáñ»É,
ßËÙ. ·ñáëÙ³Ûëï»ñ. That’s ~! ËëÏó. Ù³Ýñ³ï»É. ~d sugar ß³ù³ñ³í³½:
Ðá۳ϳ¯å ¿. G~ Duke Ø»Í Çß˳Ý. ~ jury granulation [‚grænju΄lei∫n] n ѳï³íáñáõÙ.
Çñ³í. (²ØÜ) “Ø»Í Ñ³ÝÓݳËáõÙμ”, ¹³- Ù³ëݳïáõÙ, Ù³Ýñ³ïáõÙ:
ï³í×ÇéÁ áñáßáÕ »ñ¹íÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ÝÓ- granule [΄grænju:l] n ѳïÇÏ:
ݳËáõÙμ. G~ Chamber of the European Court grape [greip] n ˳ÕáÕ. a bunch of ~s ˳Õá-
of Human Rights سñ¹áõ Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇ ºí- ÕÇ áÕÏáõÛ½. sour ~s ÷Ëμ. ˳ÕáÕÁ Ë³Ï ¿/
ñáå³Ï³Ý ¹³ï³ñ³ÝÇ Ù»Í å³É³ï: ÃÃáõ ¿:
grand [grænd] n ¹³ßݳÙáõñ: grape-fruit [΄greipfru:t] n ·ñ»Û÷ýñáõÃ,
grandchild [΄grænt∫aild] n Ãáé, ÃáéÝÇÏ: ÃáõñÇÝç:
grand-dad [΄grændæd] ËëÏó. å³åÇÏ: grape-shot [΄greip∫ɒt] n é½Ù. Ù³Ýñ³·Ý¹³Ï:
grand-daughter [΄græn‚dɔ:tə] n Ãáé (³Õ- grape-sugar [΄greip‚∫ugə] n ˳Õáճ߳-
çÇÏ), ÃáéÝáõÑÇ: ù³ñ, ·ÉÛáõÏá½³:
grandee [græn΄di:] n ٻͳïáÑÙÇÏ/ ³½Ýí³- grape-vine [΄greipvain] n ˳ÕáÕÇ áñÃ,
½³ñÙ/ϳñ¨áñ ³ÝÓ: í³½:
grandeur [΄grændзə] n ßù»ÕáõÃÛáõÝ, å»ñ- graph [gra:f] n ·Í³·Çñ, ¹Ç³·ñ³Ù. ~ paper
×áõÃÛáõÝ. ³½Ýí³μ³ñáÛáõÃÛáõÝ. í»ÑáõÃÛáõÝ: ÙÇÉÇÙ»ïñ³Ýáó í³Ý¹³Ï³íáñ ÃáõÕÃ:
grandfather [΄grænd‚fa:ðə] n å³åÇÏ: graphic [΄græfik] a ·Í³·ñ³Ï³Ý. ÷Ëμ.
grandiose [΄grændiəus] a íÇÃ˳ñÇ, Ñëϳ- í³é, ϻݹ³ÝÇ. ~ arts Ï»ñå³ñí»ëï. ·ñ³-
۳ϳÝ. Ñá۳ϳå, ßù»Õ: ýÇϳ. a ~ description í³é/ϻݹ³ÝÇ Ýϳ-
grandmother [΄græn‚mΛðə] n ï³ïÇÏ: ñ³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ£
grandson [΄grænsΛn] n Ãáé (ïÕ³): graphics [΄græfiks] n ÑÙÏñ·. ·ñ³ýÇϳϳÝ
grandstand [΄grændstænd] n Ï»Ýïñáݳ- ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ/ë³ñù»ñ. ~ mode ·ñ³ýÇϳϳÝ
Ï³Ý ïñÇμáõݳ: é»ÅÇÙ. ~ routine ·ñ³ýÇÏ³Ï³Ý ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ
granny [΄græni] n ËëÏó. ï³ïÇÏ: Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý Íñ³·Çñ. ~ soft ware Ù»ù»Ý³Û³-
grant [gra:nt] n ¹ñ³Ù³Ï³Ý Ýå³ëï, Éñ³- Ï³Ý ·ñ³ýÇϳÛÇ Íñ³·ñ³ÛÇÝ ³å³ÑáíáõÙ.
í׳ñ. Ãáß³Ï. ~ holder Ãá߳ϳéáõ. study ~ ~ table ·ñ³ýÇÏ³Ï³Ý ³ÕÛáõë³Ï:
ÏñóÃáß³Ï. maternity ~ Ù³ÛñáõÃÛ³Ý graphite [΄græfait] n ·ñ³ýÇï, ·ñ³ù³ñ:
Ýå³ëï: graphologist [græ΄fɒlədзist] n ӻ鳷ñ³-
grant [gra:nt] v ï³É, ßÝáñÑ»É, å³ñ·¨»É. ~ μ³Ý, ӻ鳷ñ»ñÇ Ù³ëݳ·»ï:
rights Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñ ï³É/ßÝáñÑ»É. ~ lands graphology [græ΄fɒlədзi] n ӻ鳷ñ³·Ç-
ÑáÕ»ñ å³ñ·¨»É. ~ a lease í³ñӳϳÉáõÃÛ³Ý ïáõÃÛáõÝ:
grapple 369 graze

grapple [΄græpl] n Çñ³ñ Ïåã»É, Ïéí»É. ~ ~ smb’s desire/wishes ·áѳóÝ»É /μ³í³ñ³ñ»É


with smb. Ù»ÏÇ Ñ»ï Ïéí»É. ~ with a problem ó³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ:
ËݹñÇ íñ³ ³ß˳ï»É: grating [΄greitiŋ] n ó³Ýó, í³Ý¹³Ï:
grappling-iron [΄græpliŋ‚aiən] n ׳ÝÏ, gratis [΄grætis] adv ³Ýí׳ñ, ³ÝѳïáõÛó. ~
Ï»é: aid ³ÝѳïáõÛó û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
grasp [gra:sp] n μéÝáõÙ, μéÝ»ÉÁ. a firm ~ gratitude [΄grætitju:d] n »ñ³Ëï³·Çïáõ-
åÇݹ/ áõÅ»Õ μéÝ»ÉÁ. (ÁÙμéÝáõÙ, ѳëϳ- ÃÛáõÝ. express one’s ~ »ñ³Ëï³·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝÁ
óáõÙ) a good ~ of chemistry ùÇÙdzÛÇ É³í ѳÛïÝ»É:
ÁÙμéÝáõÙ. beyond ~ ѳë³Ý»ÉÇáõÃÛ³Ý ë³Ñ- gratuitous [grə΄tju:itəs] a ÓñÇ, ³Ýí׳ñ.
Ù³ÝÝ»ñÇó ¹áõñë. beyond my ~ Ç٠ѳëϳ- ³Ýï»ÕÇ, ½áõñ, ³ÝÇñ³í³óÇ. a ~ insult/re-
óáÕáõÃÛáõÝÇó ¹áõñë. within ~ ѳë³Ý»- mark ³Ýï»ÕÇ íÇñ³íáñ³Ýù, íÇñ³íáñ³-
ÉÇáõÃÛ³Ý ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ, ÙáïÇÏ: Ï³Ý ³ÏݳñÏ:
grasp [gra:sp] v ³Ùáõñ μéÝ»É, ׳ÝÏ»É. ÷Ëμ. gratuity [grə΄tju:əti] n ¹ñ³Ù³Ï³Ý Ýí»ñ.
ÁÙμéÝ»É, ѳëϳݳÉ. ~ at smth ϳéã»É: Ýå³ëï. û۳Ýí»ñ. disablement ~ ѳßÙ³Ý-
grasper [΄gra:spə] n ·é÷Çã, Ïáñ½Çã: ¹³ÙáõÃÛ³Ý Ýå³ëï:
grasping [΄gra:spiŋ] a ³·³Ñ, Åɳï, grave [greiv] n ·»ñ»½Ù³Ý. ÷Ëμ. Ù³Ñ:
³ÝÏßïáõÙ: grave [greiv] a Éáõñç, ϳñ¨áñ. ͳÝñ³ÏßÇé. ~
grass [gra:s] n Ëáï, ϳݳã Ëáï. ³ñáï, doubts Éáõñç ϳëϳÍÝ»ñ. ~ situation/compli-
³ñáï³í³Ûñ. The ~ is good this year ²Ûë cation/concequences Éáõñç Çñ³íÇ׳Ï/μ³ñ-
ï³ñÇ ËáïÝ ³é³ï ¿. send to ~ ³ñáï³- ¹áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ/ѻ勉ÝùÝ»ñ. look ~ Éáõñç
í³Ûñ áõÕ³ñÏ»É. not to let ~ grow under one’s ï»ëù áõݻݳÉ. a ~ illness ͳÝñ ÑÇí³Ý¹áõ-
feet »é³Ý¹áõÝ ·áñÍ»É, Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ãÏáñóÝ»É. ÃÛáõÝ. ~ news ïËáõñ/ﳷݳå³ÉÇó Éáõñ»ñ.
go to ~ ÷Ëμ. ·»ïÇÝ ï³å³Éí»É (ѳñí³- ~ colours Ùé³ÛÉ/Ùáõà ·áõÛÝ»ñ:
ÍÇó): grave [greiv] v ÷áñ³·ñ»É, ù³Ý¹³Ï»É. ¹ñáß-
grass-cutter [΄gra:s‚kΛtə] n Ëáïѳñ Ù»ù»- Ù»É ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç:
ݳ: gravel [΄grævl] n Ù³Ýñ³ËÇ×, Ëáßáñ ³í³½.
grass-hopper [΄gra:s‚hɒpə] n ϻݹ. Ùáñ»Ë: áëÏ»μ»ñ ³í³½. μÅßÏ. ù³ñ»ñ (Ùǽ³å³ñ-
grass-snake [΄gra:ssneik] n ϻݹ. Éáñïáõ: ÏáõÙ):
grass widow [‚gra:s΄widəu] ³ÙáõëÝáõó ų- graver [΄greivə] n ÷áñ³·ñÇã, ÷áñ³·ñáÕ:
ٳݳϳíáñ³å»ë μ³Å³Ý ÏÇÝ: gravestone [΄greivstəun] n ·»ñ»½Ù³Ý³ù³ñ,
grassy [΄gra:si] a ËáïÇ, Ëáïáí ͳÍÏí³Í. ï³å³Ý³ù³ñ:
Ëáï³é³ï: graveyard [΄greivja:d] n ·»ñ»½Ù³Ý³ïáõÝ,
grate [greit] n »ñϳû ó³Ýó. μáõ˳ñáõ ·»ñ»½Ù³Ýáó:
í³Ý¹³Ï: gravitate [΄græviteit] v Ó·ï»É, Ó·í»É. ~ to-
grate [greit] v ËÑñ. ù»ñÇãáí, ù»ñ»É. ×éé³É, wards cities ¹»åÇ ù³Õ³ù Ó·ï»É:
×é×é³óÝ»É. ³ï³ÙÝ»ñÁ Ïñ×ï³óÝ»É. His gravitation [‚grævi΄tei∫n] n ýǽ. Ó·áÕáõ-
voice ~s on me/on the ears ÷Ëμ. Ò³ÛÝÝ ³½- ÃÛáõÝ, Ó·áճϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
¹áõÙ ¿ ÇÝÓ/³Ï³ÝçÝ»ñÇë íñ³: gravity [΄grævəti] n ѳݹÇë³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ,
grateful [΄greitfl] a »ñ³Ëï³å³ñï, ßÝáñ- ÉñçáõÃÛáõÝ. ýǽ. ͳÝñáõÃÛ³Ý áõÅ. centre/
ѳϳÉ. most ~ for advice ß³ï ßÝáñѳϳÉáõ- force of ~ ͳÝñáõÃÛ³Ý Ï»ÝïñáÝ/áõÅ. specific
ÃÛáõÝ ËáñÑñ¹Ç ѳٳñ. with ~ thanks ßÝáñ- ~ ï»ë³Ï³ñ³ñ ÏßÇé. (Ó·áճϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ)
ѳϳÉáõÃÛ³Ùμ: law of ~ ÁݹѳÝáõñ Ó·áճϳÝáõÃÛ³Ý
gratefully [΄greitfli] adv ßÝáñѳϳÉáõ- ûñ»Ýù. hardly keep one’s ~ ѳ½Çí ϳñá-
ÃÛ³Ùμ: Õ³Ý³É Éáõñç ï»ëù å³Ñå³Ý»É:
grater [΄greitə] n ù»ñÇã: gravy [΄greivi] n óÝÓñ³Ùáù³Ýù. óÝÓñ Ï»-
gratification [‚grætifi΄kei∫n] n ·áÑáõÃÛáõÝ, ñ³Ïñ³ÝÛáõÃ, ëááõë:
·áÑáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ. í³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳ- graze [greiz] 1. n ù»ñÍí³Íù. 2. v ù»ñÍ»É.
ïáõóáõÙ: ûè ¹Çåã»É/Ïåã»É. ~ one’s hand on a stone
gratify [΄grætifai] v μ³í³ñ³ñ»É, ·áѳóÝ»É. Ó»éùÁ ù³ñáí ù»ñÍ»É:
graze 370 greet

graze [greiz] v ³ñ³Í»É, ³ñ³Í»óÝ»É. ~ cattle greats [΄greits] n (úùëýáñ¹) »½ñ³÷³ÏÇã


³Ý³ëáõÝ ³ñ³Í»óÝ»É: ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ μ³Ï³É³íñÇ ³ëïÇ׳ÝÇ Ñ³-
grazer [΄greizə] n ³ñ³ÍáÕ ³Ý³ëáõÝ: Ù³ñ:
grease [gri:s] n ׳ñå, ×ñ³·áõ. ï»Ë. ùëáõù, greed [gri:d] n ³·³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ, ÁÝã³ù³Õóáõ-
ÛáõÕ. ÃÛáõÝ. ~ for money ³·³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ ÷áÕÇ
grease [gri:s] v ÛáõÕ»É, ÓÇûÉ. ÷Ëμ. ϳ- Ýϳïٳٳμ. from/out of ~ ³·³ÑáõÃÛáõÝÇó:
ß³é»É. ~ one’s palm ËëÏó. ϳ߳éù ï³É: greediness [΄gri:dinəs] n ³·³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ,
grease-box [΄gri:sbɒks] n ï»Ë. ÛáõÕ³Ù³Ý, ÅɳïáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ÝÏßïáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÓÇóٳÝ: greedy [΄gri:di] a ³·³Ñ, Åɳï. ÁÝã³ù³Õó,
grease gun [΄gri:sgΛn] n ï»Ë. ÛáõÕ»Éáõ Ý»- áñÏñ³ÙáÉ. ~ pig áñÏñ³ÙáÉ, ß³ï³Ï»ñ:
ñ³ñÏÇã/ëñëÏÇã: Greek [gri:k] n, a ÑáõÛÝ, Ñáõݳñ»Ý. Ñáõݳ-
grease paint [΄gri:speint] n ·ñÇÙ, ßå³ñ: ϳÝ:
grease proof [΄gri:spru:f] a ³ÝÛáõÕ³ÝóÇÏ, green [gri:n] a ϳݳã. (˳Ï, ãѳë³Í) ~
³ÝÛáõճó÷³Ýó: fruit/apples Ë³Ï ÙÇñ·/ËÝÓáñ. ~ card ϳݳã
greaser [΄gri:sə] n ÛáõÕÇã/ùëÇã μ³Ýíáñ.³Ù. ù³ñï (²ØÜ). ³ÝÓݳ·Çñ ... ~ youth ÷Ëμ.
³ñÑÙ. Ù»ùëÇϳóÇ: ³Ý÷áñÓ å³ï³Ý»ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. (áõÅ»ñáí ÉÇ )
greasy [΄gri:si] a ׳ñåáï, ÛáõÕáï, ×»Ý×áï. the ~ old age ³éáõÛ· Í»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. be ~ with
~ hair ׳ñåáï Ù³½»ñ. (ë³ÛóùáõÝ) The ·áõݳïí»É. ~ with envy ã³ñáõÃÛáõ-
roads are ~ today ֳݳå³ñÑÝ»ñÝ ³Ûëûñ ÝÇó/ݳ˳ÝÓÇó ϳݳã Ïïñ³Í. ~ at one’s
ó»Ëáï »Ý áõ ë³ÛóùáõÝ: job ³ß˳ï³ÝùáõÙ ³Ý÷áñÓ. Ýáñ»ÉáõÏ. turn
great [greit] a Ëáßáñ. ~ writer/artist/power Ëá- ~ ϳݳã»É ~ winter ϳݳã/³ÝÓÛáõÝ ÓÙ»é.
ßáñ ·ñáÕ, Ù»Í ³ñí»ëï³·»ï, Ëáßáñ ïÇ- have got ~ fingers Ó»éùÇ ï³Ï ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã
ñáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ beauty ѳÛïÝÇ ·»Õ»óÏáõÑÇ. ³×»É:
Tigran the Great îÇ·ñ³Ý Ø»Í(Á). Ù»Í (ù³Ý³- green [gri:n] n ϳݳ㠷áõÛÝ/Ý»ñÏ. dressed in
ÏáõÃÛáõÝ, áñ³Ï) my ~ friend ÇÙ ÑdzݳÉÇ/Ñá- ~ ϳݳã ѳ·áõëï ѳ·³Í. a painting in
۳ϳå ÁÝÏ»ñÁ. a ~ difference/mistake/victory blues and ~ ϳåáõÛï ¨ ϳݳ㠷áõÛÝ»ñáí/
Ù»Í ï³ñμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ, Ëáßáñ ë˳É, Ù»Í ïáÝ»ñáí Ýϳñ. ~s ϳݳãÇ (áõï»Éáõ), μ³Ý-
ѳÕóݳÏ. a ~ change ÑëÏ³Û³Ï³Ý ÷á÷á- ç³ñ»Õ»Ý:
ËáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ heat/pain ËÇëï ßá·, áõÅ»Õ ó³í. greenbacks [΄gri:nbæk] n ËëÏó. ³Ù. ÃÕó-
a ~ storm ë³ëïÇÏ ÷áÃáñÇÏ. with ~ pleasure ¹ñ³Ù:
ٻͳ·áõÛÝ Ñ³×áõÛùáí. to a ~ extent Ù»Í/ greenery [΄gri:nəri] n μáõë³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÑëÏ³Û³Ï³Ý ã³÷áí. the ~/~er part Ù»Í Ù³ëÁ. green-eyed [‚gri:n΄aid] a ϳݳ㠳ãù»ñáí,
a ~ gardener /hunter/music lover ÙáÉÇ å³ñ- ϳݳã³ãÛ³. ÷Ëμ. ˳ݹáï, ݳ˳ÝÓáï:
ïǽå³Ý/áñëáñ¹. Ïñùáï »ñ³Åßï³ë»ñ. a greengage [΄gri:ngeidз] n é»ÝÏÉá¹, ë³ÉáñÇ
~ talker ËëÏó. Ëáë»Éáõ ëÇñ³Ñ³ñ, ß³ï³- ÁÝïÇñ ï»ë³Ï:
Ëáë. ËëÏó. ã³÷³½³ÝóáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ fish greengrocer [΄gri:n‚grəusə] n Ùñ·³í³×³é.
ÑëÏ³Û³Ï³Ý ÓáõÏ. have a ~ holiday ³ñ- μ³Ýç³ñ»Õ»Ý/ϳݳãÇ í³×³éáÕ:
Ó³Ïáõñ¹Á ÑáÛ³Ï³å ³ÝóϳóÝ»É. be ~ at greengrocery [΄gri:n‚grəusəri] n Ùñ·»ñ,
football Ññ³ß³ÉÇ ýáõïμáÉÇëï ÉÇÝ»É. a ~ μ³Ýç³ñ»Õ»Ý. Ùñ·Ç/μ³Ýç³ñ»Õ»ÝÇ Ë³ÝáõÃ:
chap Ññ³ß³ÉÇ ïÕ³. ~ grandfather ݳ- greenhorn [΄gri:nhɔ:n] n ÙdzÙÇï/³Ý÷áñÓ
˳å³å. That’s ~! ÐáÛ³Ï³å ¿: Ù³ñ¹:
greatcoat [΄greitkəut] n ½ÇÝíáñ³Ï³Ý í»- greenhouse [΄gri:nhaus] n ç»ñÙáó:
ñ³ñÏáõ, ßÇÝ»É: greenish [΄gri:ni∫] a ϳݳã³íáõÝ:
great-hearted [‚greit΄ha:tid] a ٻͳÑá·Ç, green-room [΄gri:nru:m] n ѳݷëï³ë»Ý-
í»Ñ³ÝÓÝ: Û³Ï (¹»ñ³ë³ÝÝ»ñÇ):
greatly [΄greitli] adv ë³ëïÇÏ, ËÇëï, ٻͳ- greensward [΄gri:nswɔ:d] n Ù³ñ·³ë»½,
å»ë. Ý߳ݳϳÉÇ ã³÷áí: ·³½áÝ:
greatness [΄greitnəs] n Ù»ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, í»Ñáõ- greet [gri:t] v áÕçáõÝ»É, μ³ñ¨»É. ~ warmly/for-
ÃÛáõÝ: mally/respectfully ç»ñÙ/å³ßïáݳå»ë, ãáñ/
greeting 371 grip

ѳñ·³Ýùáí áÕçáõÝ»É. ~ the guests ÑÛáõñ»- mettee í»×»ñÇ Ñ³ÝÓݳÅáÕáí:


ñÇÝ áÕçáõÝ»É. (¹ÇÙ³íáñ»É) ~ with applause/ grieve [gri:v] v íßï³Ý³É, íßï³Ïó»É. be ~d
shouts ͳ÷³Ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí/·áãáõÙÝ»ñáí to learn ÉáõñÁ Éë»Éáí ÏëÏÇÍ ³åñ»É. Don’t ~
¹ÇÙ³íáñ»É. A strange sight ~ed them Üñ³Ýó ØÇ° íßï³Ý³:
³ãù»ñÇ ³éç¨ μ³óí»ó ÙÇ ï³ñûñÇÝ³Ï ï»- grievous [΄gri:vəs] a ¹³éÁ, ó³í³ÉÇ. ~ bod-
ë³ñ³Ý: ily harm Çñ³í. Ù³ñÙÝ³Ï³Ý Í³Ýñ
greeting [΄gri:tiŋ] n áÕçáõÛÝ, μ³ñ¨. ¹ÇÙ³- íݳëí³Íù:
íáñáõÙ. with warm ~s ç»ñÙ áÕçáõÛÝÝ»ñáí. ex- grig [grig] n ûÓ³ÓáõÏ, ÍÕñǹ. as lively/merry
change ~s áÕçáõÛÝÝ»ñ ÷á˳ݳϻÉ: as a ~ ã³÷³½³Ýó áõñ³Ë/³ßËáõÛÅ:
gregarious [gri΄geəriəs] a Ñáï³ÛÇÝ, ݳË- grill [gril] n Ù»ï³Õ» Ïáóíáñ ó³Ýó Ïñ³ÏÇ
ñ³ÛÇÝ.÷Ëμ. ³Ùμá˳ÛÇÝ. Ù³ñ¹³Ùáï, íñ³ ¹Ý»Éáõ ѳٳñ:
ß÷íáÕ: grill [gril] v ó³Ýóáí/ó³ÝóÇ, Ïñ³ÏÇ íñ³ ï³-
grenade [gri΄neid] n ÝéݳÏ: å³Ï»É. ~ in the sun ÷Ëμ. ³ñ¨Ç ï³Ï ï³-
grenadier [‚grenə΄diə] n ÝéݳϳÓÇ·: å³Ïí»É. ~ smb ËëÏó. Ù»ÏÇÝ Ñ³ñó³ùÝÝ»É:
grey [grei] n ·áñß ·áõÛÝ. ·áñß³·áõÛÝ, ÙáË- grilled [grild] a ï³å³Ï³Í. I’m ~ ÷Ëμ.,
ñ³·áõÛÝ. hair touched with ~ ëåÇï³Ï³Í ËëÏó. (³ñ¨Çó) î³å³Ïí»É »Ù:
Ù³½»ñ: grim [grim] a Ùé³ÛÉ, ËáÅáé. ëáëϳÉÇ, ½³ñ-
grey [grei] a ÙáËñ³·áõÛÝ, ·áñß. ÷Ëμ. Ùé³ÛÉ, Ñáõñ»ÉÇ. look ~ Ùé³ÛÉ ï»ëù áõݻݳÉ. ~ real-
ïËáõñ. ~ sky/day ³Ùå³Ù³Í »ñÏÇÝù, Ù³- ity Ùé³ÛÉ Çñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. what a ~ business
é³Ëɳå³ï ûñ. ~ hair ³É»Ñ»ñ Ù³½»ñ. turn ÇÝã ëáëϳÉÇ å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ determination
~ ×»ñٳϻÉ, ³É¨áñ»É. The future looks ~ ³Ý¹ñ¹í»ÉÇ í×é³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
²å³·³Ý ·áñß Ó¨áí ¿ Ý»ñϳ۳ÝáõÙ. ÑÙÏñ·. grimace [gri΄meis] 1. n ͳٳÍéáõÃÛáõÝ. 2. v
~ keys ëï»Õݳ߳ñÇ ÙáËñ³·áõÛÝ ëï»Õ- ͳٳÍéáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É, ¹»ÙùÁ ͳٳÍé»É:
Ý»ñ. ~ level å³ÛͳéáõÃÛ³Ý/ó³ÛïáõÝáõÃÛ³Ý grime [graim] n Ùáõñ, Ï»Õï:
³ëïÇ׳Ý/ٳϳñ¹³Ï. ~ scale ó³ÛïáõÝáõ- grimy [΄graimi] a Ùñáï, Ï»Õïáï:
ÃÛ³Ý ë³Ý¹Õ³Ï: grin [grin] n Ñ»·Ý³Ï³Ý ÅåÇï, ùÙÍÇͳÕ. sly
greybeard [΄greibiəd] n ѳë³Ï³íáñ/ѳ- ~ Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏ ùÙÍÇͳÕ:
ë³ÏÝ ³é³Í/ï³ñ»ó Ù³ñ¹: grin [grin] v Ñ»·Ý³Ï³Ý Ååï³É, ùÙÍÇͳÕ
grey-headed [‚grei΄hedid] a ³É»Ñ»ñ, Í»ñ, ï³É. ~ from ear to ear ³ÙμáÕç ¹»Ùùáí/μ»ñ³-
½³é³ÙÛ³É: Ýáí ùÙÍÇͳջÉ. ~ and bear it ³ñdzμ³ñ
grey-hen [΄greihen] n Ù³Ûñ³Ñ³í, ³Ýï³é³- íÇßïÁ ï³Ý»É:
ѳí: grind [graind] n ³Õ³ÉÁ, Ù³Ýñ»ÉÁ. ËëÏó.
greyhound [΄greihaund] n μ³ñ³Ï, ó½Ç ͳÝñ/ ÙÇûñÇݳÏ/Ó³ÝÓñ³ÉÇ ³ß˳ï³Ýù. a
(áñëÇ ßáõÝ). Ñ»éÁÝóó ³íïáμáõë: frightful ~ ï³Å³Ý³ÏÇñ/ï³ÕïϳÉÇ ³ß˳-
greyish [΄greii∫] a ·áñß³íáõÝ. ï»Õ-ï»Õ ï³Ýù:
ëåÇï³Ï³Í, ³É»Ë³éÝ: grind [graind] v ³Õ³É, Ù³Ýñ»É. ~ coffee/
grid [grid] n í³Ý¹³Ï. ¿É. ó³Ýó. ÑÙÏñ·. Ïááñ- wheat ëáõñ×/óáñ»Ý ³Õ³É. (ÑÕÏ»É, áÕáñÏ»É)
¹Çݳï³Ï³Ý ó³Ýó ~ line Ïááñ¹Çݳï³- ~ a lense áëåݳå³ÏÇ ÑÕÏ»É. (ëñ»É) ~ an
Ï³Ý ó³ÝóÇ ·ÇÍ: axe/knife ϳóÇÝ/¹³Ý³Ï ëñ»É. ~ one’s teeth
gridiron [΄grid‚aiən] n Ù»ï³ÕÛ³ Ïáóíáñ ³ï³ÙÝ»ñÁ Ïñ×ï³óÝ»É. ~ away in the garden
ó³Ýó: ËëÏó. ³ß˳ï»É ³Û·áõÙ. ~ away for exams
grief [gri:f] n íÇßï, óËÇÍ. die of ~ íßïÇó ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ×·Ý»É:
Ù»éÝ»É. come to ~ ÷áñÓ³ÝùÇ ·³É, ³Ýѳçá- grinder [΄graində] n ³Õ³ó. ËëÏó. ë»-
ÕáõÃÛáõÝ Ïñ»É. His plans came to ~ Ìñ³·ñ»ñÁ ճݳï³Ù. meat ~ Ùë³Õ³ó. coffee ~ ëñ׳-
Ó³ËáÕí»óÇÝ. cause smb ~ Ù»ÏÇÝ íÇßï Õ³ó:
å³ï׳é»É: grindstone [΄graindstəun] n ³Õ³ó³ù³ñ,
grievance [΄gri:vns] n íÇñ³íáñ³Ýù, ¹Å·á- »ñϳݳù³ñ. keep a person’s nose to the ~
ÑáõÃÛáõÝ. μáÕáù, ·³Ý·³ï. nurse a ~ íÇñ³- ÷Ëμ. ëïÇå»É Ù»ÏÇÝ ï³Å³Ý³ÏÇñ ³ß˳-
íáñ³ÝùÁ ãÙáé³Ý³É. áËÁ å³Ñ»É. ~ com- ï»É:
grip 372 gross

grip [grip] n μéÝáõÙ, μéÝ»ÉÁ. have a strong ~ ï½ï½³É, ÝíÝí³É:


áõÅ»Õ μéݻɳӨ áõݻݳÉ. He had a firm ~ on grizzled [΄grizld] a ³É»Ë³éÝ:
my arm ܳ áõÅ»Õ μéÝ»É ¿ñ ÇÙ Ó»éùÁ. Don’t grizzly [΄grizli] n ÑÛáõëÇë³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ·áñß
let go your ~ Ò»éùÇó¹ μ³ó ÙÇ ÃáÕÝÇñ. have ³ñç, ·ñǽÉÇ:
a good ~ on the subject ÷Ëμ. ³é³ñÏ³Ý É³í groan [grəun] n ѳé³ã³Ýù, ͳÝñ Ñá·áó,
ÇٳݳÉ/ïÇñ³å»ï»É. in the ~ of fever/of a ïÝùáó. utter a ~ ïÝùáó ѳݻÉ, ïÝù³É:
hard winter ï»Ý¹Ç ×Çñ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ, ï»Ý¹áí groan [grəun] v ͳÝñ ѳé³ã»É, Ñá·áó ѳ-
μéÝí³Í. ¹³Å³Ý ÓÙé³Ý ×Çñ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ. close Ý»É. ~ with pain ó³íÇó ïÝù³É. The table was
~ ٳѳóáõ μéÝáõÙ. with a ~ of steel ѳٳé, ~ing with food ê»Õ³ÝÁ ïñ³ùíáõÙ ¿ñ ѳٻÕ
³ÝݳѳÝç.Çñ Ýå³ï³ÏÇÝ Ñ»ï³Ùáõï. å³ï³éÝ»ñÇó:
come to ~s Çñ³ñÇó μéÝ»É, ÁÙμß³Ù³ñï groats [grəuts] n pl Ó³í³ñ:
ëÏë»É. (ÏáÃ, μéݳÏ) My racquet needs a new ~ grocer [΄grəusə] n Ýå³ñ³í³×³é:
ÆÙ ó³Ýó³ÃÇÝ/é³Ï»ïÁ Ýáñ μéݳÏÇ/ÏáÃÇ grocery [΄grəusəri] n Ýå³ñ»Õ»Ý, Ýå³ñ»Õ»-
ϳñÇù áõÝÇ: ÝÇ Ë³ÝáõÃ:
grip [grip] v μéÝ»É, å³Ñ»É, ë»ÕÙ»É. ÁÙμéÝ»É, grog [grɒg] n ÷áõÝç, ç»ñÙûÕÇ, ·ñá·:
ѳëϳݳÉ. He ~ped my hand ܳ μéÝí»ó ÇÙ groggy [΄grɒgi] a »ñ»ñáõÝ, ³Ýѳëï³ï. feel
Ó»éùÇó. Fear ~ped them ê³ñë³÷Á ѳٳϻó ~ ËëÏó., ÷Ëμ. ÃáõɳݳÉ, ³Ýå»ïù³Ý³É.
Ýñ³Ýó. (ѳ÷ßï³Ï»É, Ññ³åáõñ»É) The vio- The old man is ~ on his legs Ì»ñáõÝÇÝ ³Ùáõñ
linist ~ped the audience æáõóϳѳñÇ ãÇ Ï³Ý·Ý³Í áïù»ñÇÝ:
ϳï³ñáõÙÁ ѳ÷ßï³Ï»ó áõÝÏݹÇñÝ»ñÇÝ. groin [grɔin] n ϽÙË. ³×áõÏ:
The brakes aren’t ~ing ²ñ·»É³ÏÝ»ñÁ ã»Ý groom [grum] n Ódzå³Ý. ѽí¹å. ÷»ë³
å³ÑáõÙ: (ݳ¨ bridegroom):
gripe [graip] v ÙéÃÙéóÉ. What’s he ~ing groom [grum] v ÓÇÝ Ù³ùñ»É/ËݳٻÉ. (ݳ¨ ~
about? ƱÝã ¿ ³ÝÁݹѳï ÙéÃÙéÃáõÙ: a horse). ~ smb for (Ù»ÏÇÝ) áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ
gripes [graips] n ËëÏó. ͳÏáóÝ»ñ. I’ve got å³ïñ³ëï»É. well ~ed ɳí å³Ñí³Í/
the ~ ̳ÏáóÝ»ñ áõÝ»Ù: ËݳÙí³Í:
grippe [grip] n ·ñÇå: groomsman [΄grumzmən] n ˳ã»Õμ³Ûñ:
gripping [΄gripiŋ] a ·ñ³íÇã, ѳ÷ßï³ÏÇã. groove [gru:v] n ÷áñ³Ï, ³ÏáëÇÏ. ï»Ë.
a ~ film ѳ÷ßï³ÏÇã/ÏɳÝáÕ ýÇÉÙ: ³ñ³Ýù. get into a ~ ÷Ëμ. ÑáõÝÇ Ù»ç
gripsack [΄gripsæk] n ׳ÙåñáõÏ, áõÕ»å³- ÙïÝ»É:
Ûáõë³Ï: grope [grəup] v ßáß³÷»É (÷Ýïñ»É). ˳ñ-
grisly [΄grizli] a ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ, ³Ñ³ñÏáõ: ˳÷»É, ˳ñ˳÷»Éáí ·Ý³É. ~ one’s way
gristle [΄grisl] n çÇÉ, Ïé×ÇÏ. meat with a lot of ßáß³÷»Éáí ³é³ç ß³ñÅí»É. ~ for smth ßáß³-
~ çÉáï ÙÇë: ÷»Éáí ÇÝã-áñ μ³Ý ÷Ýïñ»É:
grit [grit] n (ݳ¨ gritstone) ³í³½³Ñ³ïÇÏ, gropingly [΄grəupiŋli] adv ßáß³÷»Éáí,
Ù³Ýñ³ËÇ×. I’ve got some ~ in my eye ²ãùÇë ˳ñ˳÷»Éáí:
Ù»ç ³í³½ ϳ. He’s got ~ ÷Ëμ. ܳ ѳëï³- gross [grəus] n (ã³÷) ·ñáë, 12 ¹ÛáõÅÇÝ.Ù»Í
ï³Ï³Ù/ïáÏáõÝ Ù³ñ¹ ¿/Ïϳñáճݳ ³Û¹ ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. by the ~ ٻͳù³Ý³Ï (í³-
ï³Ý»É: ׳éù, ³é¨ïáõñ):
grit [grit] v ³í³½ ÉóÝ»É. ×é×é³É. ÷Ëμ. gross [grəus] a Ù»Í, ٻͳͳí³É, ͳí³ÉáõÝ.
Ïñ×ï³óÝ»É. ~ roads ׳ݳå³ñÑÝ»ñÇÝ ³- ÏáåÇï. a ~ error ÏáåÇï ë˳É. a ~ injustice
í³½ ÉóÝ»É. ~ one’s teeth ÷Ëμ. ³ï³ÙÝ»ñÁ ͳÛñ³Ñ»Õ/³Õ³Õ³ÏáÕ ³Ý³ñ¹³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. a
ë»ÕÙ»É. Ïñ×ï³óÝ»É: ~ exaggeration ËÇëï Ù»Í ã³÷³½³Ýóáõ-
grits [grits] n í³ñë³Ï³Ó³í³ñ: ÃÛáõÝ. (·»ñ, ã³Õ) She’s really ~ ܳ å³ñ½³-
gritty [΄griti] a ³í³½áï, ³í³½ å³ñáõݳ- å»ë ѳëïÉÇÏ ¿. a ~ eater áñÏñ³ÙáÉ, ß³ï³-
ÏáÕ. ù³ç, ³ñÇ, í×é³Ï³Ý: Ï»ñ. ïÝï. ѳٳ˳éÝ ~ income/revenue
grizzle [΄grizl] n ³É»Ñ»ñ Ù³ñ¹. ·áñß³·áõÛÝ/ ѳٳ˳éÝ »Ï³Ùáõï. ~ amount ѳٳ-
ÙáËñ³·áõÛÝ ÓÇ: ˳éÝ ù³Ý³ÏÁ. ~ weight μñáõïá ù³ß. ~ Na-
grizzle [΄grizl] v ïñïÝç³É, ëñïݻջÉ. tional Product (Ñåí.` GNP) ѳٳ˳éÝ
grossly 373 grovel

³½·³ÛÇÝ ³ñï³¹ñ³Ýù: óáõÙ:


grossly [΄grəusli] adv ã³÷Çó ³í»ÉÇ. ÏáåÇï ground [graund] v ÑÇÙݳíáñ»É, ÑÇÙáõÝù-
Ï»ñåáí, Ïáåïáñ»Ý: Ý»ñÁ áõëáõÙݳëÇñ»É. ³ñí. ݳ˳ݻñÏ»É. ~
grotesque [grəu΄tesk] n ½³í»ßï³Ï³Ý, ÍÇ- one’s theory ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÑÇÙݳíáñ»É. well
ͳճ߳ñÅ. ·ñáï»ëϳÛÇÝ. ³ÝѻûÃ, ³Ý- ~ed ɳí ÑÇÙݳíáñí³Í/å³ïñ³ëïí³Í. ~
ÙÇï: one’s boat on a sandback/in shallow water Íáí.
grotto [΄grɒtəu] n ³Ûñ, ù³ñ³Ûñ, ù³ñ³ÝÓ³í: ͳÝͳÕáõïÇ Ù»ç Ëñí»É. ¿É. ÑáÕ³ÝóáõÙ
grouch [graut∫] n ËëÏó. í³ï ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõ- ϳï³ñ»É:
ÃÛáõÝ. ÷ÝÃ÷ÝÃ³Ý Ù³ñ¹: ground [graund] a ³Õ³ó³Í. ~ coffee ³Õ³-
ground [graund] n ·»ïÇÝ. firm ~ ó³Ù³ù, ó³Í ëáõñ×:
ó³Ù³ù³ÑáÕ. above/below ~ ·»ïÝÇ íñ³/ ground crew [΄graundkru:] n ³í. í»ñ-
ï³Ï. lift from the ~ ·»ïÝÇó μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É. ·»ïÝÛ³ ³ÝÓݳϳ½Ù:
slip of the ~ ÑáÕÇ/·»ïÝÇ Ý»Õ ß»ñï. burn to ground-fish [΄graundfi∫] n Ëáñ çñ»ñáõÙ
the ~ Çëå³é ³Ûñí»É. fall to the ~ ·»ïÇÝ ÁÝÏ- ³åñáÕ ÓáõÏ: ~ forces é½Ù. í»ñ»ñÏñÛ³
Ý»É. ÷Ëμ. Ó³ËáÕí»É, ï³å³Éí»É. the plans áõÅ»ñ:
fell to the ~ Íñ³·ñ»ñÁ ï³å³Éí»óÇÝ. get of grounding [΄graundiŋ] n ÑÇÙùÁ ¹Ý»ÉÁ/ ·ó»-
the ~ ³í. ·»ïÝÇó åáÏí»É. cover a lot of ~ »ñ- ÉÁ. ³é³ñϳÛÇ ÑÇÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ áõëáõóáõÙ. a
ϳñ ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ ³ÝóÝ»É. ÷Ëμ. ß³ï good ~ in mathematics ɳí å³ïñ³ëïí³Íáõ-
·áñÍ ³Ý»É. stand one’s ~ ãݳѳÝç»É. shift ÃÛáõÝ Ù³Ã»Ù³ïÇϳÛÇó:
one’s ~ ¹Çñù»ñÁ ÷áË»É. (ÑáÕ, ·ñáõÝï) ~s groundless [΄graundləs] a ³ÝÑÇÙÝ:
ïݳٻñÓ ÑáÕ³Ù³ë. damp/sandy ~ Ëáݳí ground level [΄graundlevl] n ÑáÕÇ
ÑáÕ, ³í³½³ÑáÕ. stony ~ ù³ñù³ñáï ÑáÕ. ٳϻñ»ë:
till the ~ ÑáÕÁ Ù߳ϻÉ. delicate ~ ÷Ëμ. Ýáõñμ ground nut [΄graundnΛt] n ·»ïݳÝáõß,
ѳñó. be on sure ~ áïù»ñÇ ï³Ï ³Ùáõñ ÑáÕ ³ñ³ËÇë:
½·³É. ~ floor ³é³çÇÝ Ñ³ñÏ. (ï³ñ³Íù, ï»- ground swell [΄graundswel] n ѳï³Ï³ÛÇÝ
Õ³ÛÝù) gain/get ~ ³é³ç ß³ñÅí»É. ÷Ëμ. ѳ- ³ÉÇùÝ»ñ:
çáÕáõÃÛáõÝ Ó»éù μ»ñ»É. give/lose ~ é½Ù. ݳ- groundwork [΄graundwə:k] n ÑÇÙù. ݳ˳-
ѳÝç»É. uneven ~ ³Ýѳñà ï»Õ³ÛÝù. ~ å³ïñ³ëï³Ï³Ý ³ß˳ï³Ýù. do the ~ for
owned by school ¹åñáóÇÝ å³ïϳÝáÕ ï³- conference ÏáÝý»ñ³ÝëÇ Ý³Ë³å³ïñ³ë-
ñ³Íù. (Ññ³å³ñ³Ï) pleasure ~ ˳ճÑñ³- ï³Ï³Ý ³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ ϳï³ñ»É:
å³ñ³Ï. drill/practice ~ í³ñųÑñ³å³ñ³Ï. group [gru:p] n ËáõÙμ. ~ of languages É»½-
firing ~ é½Ù. Ññ»ï³Ý³ÛÇÝ Ññ³Ó·³ñ³Ý. í³ËáõÙμ. blood ~ ³ñÛ³Ý ËáõÙμ. task ~ ³ß-
sports ~ Ù³ñ½³Ññ³å³ñ³Ï. explore the ~ ˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ ËáõÙμ. (ËÙμ³íáñáõÙ) ~ de-
÷Ëμ. ÑáÕ ßáß³÷»É. (ÑÇÙù, å³ï׳é) solid cision/therapy ËÙμ³ÛÇÝ áñáßáõÙ/ûñ³ådz.
~s Éáõñç ÑÇÙáõÝùÝ»ñ, ͳÝñ³ÏßÇé å³ï- a political/theatrical ~ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý ËÙμ³íá-
׳éÝ»ñ. on the ~s that ÑÇÙݳíáñ»- ñáõÙ, óï»ñ³ËáõÙμ. a ~ photo/project
Éáí/å³ï׳é³μ³Ý»Éáí, áñ ~ for appeal ËÙμ³Ï³ÛÇÝ Ýϳñ/Íñ³·Çñ. insurance ~
Çñ³í. í×é³μ»ÏáõÃÛ³Ý ÑÇÙù. ~ for judgment ËÙμ³ÛÇÝ ³å³Ñáí³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ of compa-
Çñ³í. ¹³ï³í×ÇéÇ ÑÇÙù. have ~s for think- nies ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ËáõÙμ. ~ captain
ing Ùï³Í»Éáõ ÑÇÙù áõݻݳÉ. hold/ stand one’s ³ídzódzÛÇ ·Ý¹³å»ï (Ø´):
~ Çñ ï»ë³Ï»ïÁ å³ßïå³Ý»É. common ~ group [gru:p] v ËÙμ³íáñ»É. ËÙμí»É. ¹³ë³-
ÁݹѳÝáõñ ¹ÇñùáñáßáõÙ. legal ~ ûñÇÝ³Ï³Ý Ï³ñ·»É. ~ according to age ËÙμ³íáñ»É Áëï
ÑÇÙù. (ÍáíÇ Ñ³ï³Ï) touch the ~ ѳï³ÏÇÝ ï³ñÇùÇ:
¹Çåã»É. ÷Ëμ. ó÷³Ýó»É ·áñÍÇ ¿áõÃÛ³Ý grouse [graus] 1. n ÷ÝÃ÷ÝÃ³Ý Ù³ñ¹. 2. v
Ù»ç. strike the ~ ͳÝͳÕáõïÇ Ñ³Ý¹Çå»É. ÷ÝÃ÷ÝóÉ. He’s always ~ing for weather
take the ~ ͳÝͳÕáõïÇ Ù»ç Ëñí»É. coffee ~s ²ÝÁݹѳï ÷ÝÃ÷ÝÃáõÙ ¿ »Õ³Ý³ÏÇ íñ³:
ëáõñ×Ç Ýëïí³Íù/Ùñáõñ. ³ñí. »ÝóݻñÏ. grove [grəuv] n åáõñ³Ï, ³Ýï³é³Ï. olive/or-
ýáÝ, åɳÝ. on a white ~ ëåÇï³Ï ýáÝÇ íñ³. ange ~ ÓÇóåïÕÇ/ݳñÝçÇ åáõñ³Ï:
in the middle ~ ÙÇçÇÝ åɳÝáõÙ. ¿É. ÑáÕ³Ý- grovel [΄grɒvl] v ëáÕ³É. ùÍÝ»É. ~ before smb
groveller 374 guarantee

Ù»ÏÇ ³é³ç ëïáñ³ù³ñßáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É: reach full ~ ϳï³ñÛ³É ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ñ³ë-


groveller [΄grɒvlə] n ëïáñ³ù³ñß/ùÍÝáÕ Ý»É. ~ potential ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ³×Ç Ý»ñáõÅ. ~
Ù³ñ¹: rate ³×Ç ·áñͳÏÇó. (³×³Í μ³ÝÁ) a new ~
grow [grəu] v ³×»É, ٻͳݳÉ, μáõëÝ»É. ~ Ù³ïÕ³ß ³Ýï³é, Ýáñ μáõë³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. a
quickly/ slowly/gradually ³ñ³·/¹³Ý¹³Õ/³ë- thick ~ of grass ËáïÇ ÷³ñó٠³×:
ïÇ׳ݳμ³ñ ³×»É. Oranges won’t ~ in the groyne [grɔin] n ³É»Ñ³ï, ³É»Ñ»ñÓ:
north ÐÛáõëÇëáõ٠ݳñÇÝç ãÇ ³×áõÙ. Very lit- grub [grΛb] n ÃñÃáõñ. ËëÏó. Ï»ñ³Ïáõñ, áõ-
tle ~s here ²Ûëï»Õ ß³ï ùÇã μ³Ý ¿ ³×áõÙ. ï»ÉÇù:
The crowd grew ²ÙμáËÁ ٻͳÝáõÙ ¿ñ. The grub [grΛb] v ÷áñ»É, ÑáÕÁ Ù³ùñ»É, ³ñÙ³-
child has grown ºñ»Ë³Ý ٻͳó»É ¿. ï³Ñ³Ý ³Ý»É. ~ up weeds ÙáɳËáïÝ»ñ ³ñ-
(áõŻճݳÉ, ë³ëïϳݳÉ) The pain grew Ù³ï³Ñ³Ý ³Ý»É. ~ about in the garden ³Û-
ò³íÝ ³×áõÙ ¿ñ. ~ in experience ÷Ëμ. ÷áñÓ ·áõÙ/μ³Ýç³ñ³ÝáóáõÙ ÷áñ÷ñ»É:
Ó»éù μ»ñ»É. (¹³éݳÉ) ~ better/worse ɳí³- grubby [΄grΛbi] a Ï»Õïáï, ÷ÝÃÇ,
ݳÉ. í³ï³Ý³É. ~ dark/light/tired/lowder ó÷Ã÷í³Í. Wash your ~ hands Ò»éù»ñ¹
Ù Ã Ý » É / É á õ ë ³ Ý ³ É / Ï»Õïáï »Ý, Éí³°:
Ñá·Ý»É/áõŻճݳÉ(Ó³ÛÝÁ). It is ~ing late grudge [grΛdз] n ãϳÙáõÃÛáõÝ, ݳ˳ÝÓ.
²ñ¹»Ý áõß ¿. (³×»óÝ»É) ~ roses/fruit í³ñ¹»ñ/ bear/owe/have~ against smb Ù»ÏÇ ¹»Ù áË/
ÙÇñ· ³×»óÝ»É. ~ one’s hair/moustache Ù³½»- ³ï»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ.
ñÁ »ñϳñ³óÝ»É. ÙÇñáõù ÃáÕÝ»É. ~ away grudge [grΛdз] v ݳ˳ÝÓ»É, áË å³Ñ»É.
from Ñ»é³Ý³É. ~ away from one’s friends ÁÝ- ³÷ëáë³É, ¹ÅϳÙáõÃÛ³Ùμ ï³É. ç³Ýù Ëݳ-
Ï»ñÝ»ñÇó Ñ»é³Ý³É. ~ down Ýí³½»É, å³- Û»É. ~ /nût ~ the money ³÷ëáë»É/ã³÷ëáë»É
ϳë»É. ~ from ³×»É, ëï»ÕÍí»É. The friend- ÷áÕÁ. ~ neither time nor effort á°ã ųٳݳÏ,
ship grew from... ÀÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ëï»ÕÍí»ó... á°ã ç³Ýù ãËݳۻÉ. I don’t ~ him his success ºë
~ into ¹³éݳÉ, í»ñ³Íí»É. She has ~n into a Ýñ³ ѳçáÕáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ã»Ù ݳ˳ÝÓáõÙ:
beautiful girl ܳ ·»Õ»óÇÏ ³ÕçÇÏ ¿ ¹³ñÓ»É. ~ grudging [΄grΛdзiŋ] a Åɳï. ~ praise Åɳï
on ³í»ÉÇ áõ ³í»ÉÇ ¹áõñ ·³É. The music ~s ·áí³ë³Ýù:
on me ²Ûë »ñ³ÅßïáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÇÝÓ ³í»ÉÇ áõ grudgingly [΄grΛdзiŋli] adv ¹ÅϳÙáõÃÛ³Ùμ,
³í»ÉÇ ¿ ¹áõñ ·³ÉÇë. ~ out of ·»ñ³×»É, ãáõ½»Ý³Éáí:
ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇó ¹áõñë ·³É. The child is ~ing gruel [΄gru:əl] n í³ñë³ÏÇ ßÇɳ. get/have
out of her clothes ²Ûë ѳ·áõëïÁ »ñ»Ë³ÛÇ one’s ~ ËÇëï ѳݹÇÙ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ëï³Ý³É.
ѳٳñ ³ñ¹»Ý ÷áùñ ¿. ~ over íñ³Ý ³×»É, give one his ~ ËÇëï ѳݹÇٳݻÉ:
å³ï»É. Ivy has grown over the wall gruelling [΄gru:əliŋ] a ͳÝñ. ~ work ͳÝñ
ä³ï³ïáõÏÁ ͳÍÏ»É ¿ ³ÙμáÕç å³ïÁ. ~ up ³ß˳ï³Ýù. ~ climate Ëëï³ßáõÝã ÏÉÇÙ³:
ٻͳݳÉ. He grew up in the country ܳ gruesome [΄gru:səm] a ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ, ëáëϳ-
ٻͳó»É ¿ ·ÛáõÕáõÙ. It’s time you grew up ÉÇ. ³Ñ³íáñ:
ijٳݳÏÝ ¿, áñ ¹áõ ٻͳݳë: gruff [grΛf] a Ïáßï, ËÇëï. ÏïñáõÏ, ~ voice
grower [΄grəuə] n ³Û·»·áñÍ, åïÕ³μáõÛÍ: Ëéåáï Ó³ÛÝ:
growing [΄grəuiŋ] n ³×»óáõÙ, ³×, ѳë³Ï: grumble [΄grΛmbl] n ÷ÝÃ÷ÝÃáó, ïñïáõÝç.
growl [graul] n ÙéÝãÛáõÝ, ÙéÝãáó: ¹Å·áÑáõÃÛáõÝ. ~s í³ï ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõ-
growl [graul] v ÙéÝã³É, ·áé³É, ·éÙé³É. ÃÛáõÝ:
The dog ~ed at me ÞáõÝÁ ·éÙé³ó ÇÝÓ íñ³. grumble [΄grΛmbl] v ÷ÝÃ÷ÝóÉ, ùñÃÙÁÝ-
Thunder was ~ing ÈëíáõÙ ¿ñ ³ÙåñáåÇ ç³É. He is always grumbling ܳ ³ÝÁݹѳï
áñáïÁ. ~ out a reply ÙéÃÙéóÉáí å³ï³ë- ÷ÝÃ÷ÝÃáõÙ ¿:
˳ݻÉ: grumbler [΄grΛmblə] n ÷ÝÃ÷ÝÃ³Ý Ù³ñ¹:
grown-up [΄grəunΛp] n, a ã³÷³Ñ³ë, Ù»- grumpy [΄grΛmpi] a ËëÏó. Ùé³ÛÉ, ¹ÅϳÙ.
ͳó³Í, ѳëáõݳó³Í, ٻͳѳë³Ï: ÝáÃáï. Ïéí³ñ³ñ:
growth [grəuθ] n ³×, ½³ñ·³óáõÙ, ³í»É³- grunt [grΛnt]1. n ËéÝãÛáõÝ (Ëá½Ç). ÙéÃÙÁé-
óáõÙ, ï³ñ³ÍáõÙ. μÅßÏ. áõéáõóù, Ýáñ³·á- Ãáó. 2. v ÷ÝÃ÷ÝóÉ, ùñÃÙÝç³É. In reply he
Û³óáõÙ, a ~ in/of population μݳÏãáõÃÛ³Ý ³×. merely ~ed Üñ³ å³ï³ë˳ÝÁ å³ñ½³å»ë
guarantee 375 guide

ÙéÃÙéÃáó ¿ñ: guardsman [΄ga:dzmən] n å³Ñ³Ï, ųٳ-


guarantee [‚gærən΄ti:] n »ñ³ß˳íáñáõ- å³Ñ. ·í³ñ¹Ç³Ï³Ý:
ÃÛáõÝ, ·ñ³í³Ï³Ý. legal ~ Çñ³í³Ï³Ý gudgeon [΄gΛdзən] n ×»ñÙ³Ï Ë³ñ³Ï³-
»ñ³ßËÇù. conditional/limited ~ å³Ûٳݳ- ÓáõÏ. ÷Ëμ. å³ñ½³ÙÇï/ÙdzÙÇï Ù³ñ¹.
ϳÝ/ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï »ñ³ß˳íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. Ï»ñ, ˳ÛÍ:
~ clause å³ÛÙ³Ý/¹ñáõÛà »ñ³ßËÇùÇ Ù³- guerilla [gə΄rilə] n, a å³ñïǽ³Ý. å³ñïÇ-
ëÇÝ: ½³Ý³Ï³Ý. ~ war(fare) å³ñïǽ³Ý³Ï³Ý
guarantee [‚gærən΄ti:] v »ñ³ß˳íáñ»É. ³- å³ï»ñ³½Ù:
å³Ñáí»É, íëï³Ñ»óÝ»É. ~ success ѳçáÕáõ- guess [ges] n »Ýó¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ, Ïé³ÑáõÙ. ϳñ-
ÃÛáõÝ »ñ³ß˳íáñ»É. ~ for a year Ù»Ï ï³ñ- ÍÇù. unfounded/scientific ~ ³ÝÑÇÙÝ/ ·Çï³-
í³ »ñ³ßËÇù ï³É. ~ fine weather tomorrow Ï³Ý »Ýó¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. by ~ »Ýó¹ñ³μ³ñ. a
í³ÕÁ É³í »Õ³Ý³Ï »ñ³ß˳íáñ»É: lucky ~ »ñç³ÝÇÏ Ïé³ÑáõÙ. at a ~ »Ýó¹-
guarantor [‚gærən΄tɔ:] n »ñ³ß˳íáñ ³ÝÓ: ñ»Éáí, Ùáï³íáñ³å»ë. At a ~ it’s a two hour
guard [ga:d] n å³Ñ³Ï, ųٳå³Ñ. å³Ñ³- way Øáï³íáñ³å»ë »ñÏáõ ųÙí³ ×³-
ϳËáõÙμ. »ñÏÃ. áõÕ»Ïóáñ¹. ÏáݹáõÏïáñ, ݳå³ñÑ ¿:
Ùñ½. å³ßïå³Ý³Ï³Ý ¹Çñù. the ~s é½Ù. guess [ges] v Ïé³Ñ»É, ·ÉËÇ ÁÝÏÝ»É, ·áõß³-
·í³ñ¹Ç³. (½·áÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ã³ÉñçáõÃÛáõÝ) be
Ï»É. I ~ed right ºë ×Çßï Ïé³Ñ»óÇ. You would
on ~ ½·áõÛß/½·áÝ ÉÇÝ»É. å³Ñ³Ï ÉÇÝ»É. be off
never ~ her age ºñμ»ù ã»ù ·áõß³ÏÇ Ýñ³ ï³-
~ ½·áÝáõÃÛáõÝ ãóáõó³μ»ñ»É, ³ÝÑá·áõÃÛáõÝ
ñÇùÁ. ~ a riddle ѳݻÉáõÏ ÉáõÍ»É. ³Ù. ϳñ-
óáõó³μ»ñ»É. on ~ é½Ù. ųٳå³ÑáõÃÛ³Ý
Í»É, ѳٳñ»É. I ~ she is too old гí³Ý³μ³ñ
Ù»ç. mount ~ ųٳå³ÑáõÃÛáõÝÝ ÁݹáõÝ»É.
ݳ ß³ï Í»ñ ¿:
relieve ~ å³Ñ³ÏÁ ÷áË»É. station/set the ~
å³Ñ³Ï/ųٳå³Ñ ϳݷݻóÝ»É. ~ of hon-
guess-work [΄geswə:k] n »Ýó¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ-
Ý»ñ. ëáõñ×Ç ÙñáõñÇ íñ³ ·áõß³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ
our å³ïí³íáñ ųٳå³Ñ. strengthen the ~
³Ý»ÉÁ:
å³ßïå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ áõŻճóÝ»É. go on ~
å³Ñ³Ï ϳݷݻÉ. a ~ dog å³Ñ³Ï³ßáõÝ.
guest [gest] n ÑÛáõñ. paying ~ å³ÝëÇáÝ»ñ.±±±
~ of honour å³ïí³íáñ ÑÛáõñ. a ~ lecturer/
ÑÙÏñ·. ~ bit å³Ñå³ÝáÕ Ï³ñ·:
artist Ññ³íÇñí³Í ¹³ë³Ëáë/¹»ñ³ë³Ý. ~
guard [ga:d] v å³Ñå³Ý»É, å³ßïå³Ý»É.
house å³ÝëÇáݳï:
ÑëÏ»É, å³Ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É. ~ prisoners/pris-
oners of war μ³Ýï³ñÏÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇÝ/å³ï»ñ³½-
guffaw [gΛ΄fɔ:] 1. n ùñùÇç, ÑéÑéáó, ù³Ñ-
ÙÇ ·»ñÇÝ»ñÇÝ ÑëÏ»É. ~ one’s property áõÝ»ó- ù³Ñ ÍÇͳÕ. 2. v ùñùç³É, ÑéÑé³É, ù³Ñ-ù³Ñ
í³ÍùÁ å³ßïå³Ý»É. ~ against ÇÝã-áñ μ³- ÍÇͳջÉ:
ÝÇó å³ßïå³Ý»É. ~ a town agianst the enemy guidance [΄gaidəns] n ջϳí³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, Õ»-
ù³Õ³ùÁ ÃßݳÙáõó å³ßïå³Ý»É: ϳí³ñáõÙ. ³é³çÝáñ¹áõÙ. ËáñÑáõñ¹. under
guard-boat [΄ga:dbəut] n å³Ñ³Ï³Ý³í: the ~ ջϳí³ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ. He needs his father’s
guard-duty [΄ga:d΄dju:ti] n å³Ñ³Ï³ÛÇÝ ~ ܳ Çñ Ñáñ ËáñÑáõñ¹Ý»ñÇ Ï³ñÇùÝ áõÝÇ:
ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ. be on ~ ͳé³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç career(s) ~ Ù³ëݳ·Çï³Ï³Ý ÏáÕÙÝáñáßáõÙ.
ÉÇÝ»É: general ~ ÁݹѳÝáõñ óáõóáõÙÝ»ñ. Give me
guarded [΄ga:did] a ½·áõÛß. ½·áõß³íáñ. a ~ some ~ ÆÝÓ ÙÇ áñ¨¿ ËáñÑáõñ¹ ïáõñ:
answer ½·áõß³íáñ å³ï³ë˳Ý: guide [gaid] n áõÕ»ÏóáÕ, áõÕ»óáõÛó ³ÝÓ.
guard-house [΄ga:dhaus] n å³Ñ³Ï³Ýáó. ½μáë³ßñçÇÏÝ»ñÇ áõÕ»í³ñ, ¿ùëÏáõñë³í³ñ.
½ÇÝíáñ³Ï³Ý ϳɳݳïáõÝ. ѳáõåï- a rough ~ Ùáï³íáñ ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ/áõÕ»óáõÛó.
í³Ëï: (Ó»éݳñÏ, áõÕ»óáõÛó ·Çñù, ï»Õ»Ï³ïáõ)
guardian [΄ga:diən] n Çñ³í. ËݳٳϳÉ. a ~ to London ÈáݹáÝÇ áõÕ»óáñ¹/ù³ñ﻽.
í»ñ³Ï³óáõ. statutory ~ ûñÇÝ³Ï³Ý Ëݳٳ- a ~ to physics ýǽÇϳÛÇ Ó»éݳñÏ/¹³ë³-
ϳÉ. be appointed ~ ËÝ³Ù³Ï³É Ý߳ݳϻÉ. ·Çñù:
~ angel å³Ñ³å³Ý Ññ»ßï³Ï: guide [gaid] v ï³Ý»É, í³ñ»É, áõÕ»Ïó»É. ~
guardianship [΄ga:diən∫ip] n ËݳٳϳÉáõ- smb round the museum/through the streets óÝ-
ÃÛáõÝ: ·³ñ³ÝáõÙ áõÕ»Ïó»É. ÷áÕáóáí ï³Ý»É.
guide-book 376 gunpoint

(Ëñ³ï»É, ËáñÑáõñ¹Ý»ñ ï³É) ~ smn in the quickly ~ (down) the breakfast ³ñ³·áñ»Ý ÏáõÉ
business μǽݻëáõÙ ËáñÑáõñ¹/áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É ݳ˳׳ßÁ. ~ down one’s tears/sobs
ï³É. be ~d by smn’s advice Ù»ÏÇ ËáñÑñ¹áí ÷Ëμ. ³ñóáõÝùÝ»ñÁ/ѻϻϳÝùÁ ÏáõÉ ï³É/
ջϳí³ñí»É: ½ëå»É:
guide-book [΄gaidbuk] n áõÕ»óáõÛó ·Çñù, gum I [gΛm] n ÉÇݹ:
ï»Õ»Ï³·Çñù: gum II [gΛm] n Ë»Å, ëáëÇÝÓ. ~ elastic é»ïÇÝ,
guide dog [΄gaiddɒg] n áõÕ»í³ñ/áõÕ»ÏóáÕ Ï³áõãáõÏ. chewing ~ ͳÙáÝ:
ßáõÝ: gum [gΛm] v ëáëÝÓ»É, ÏåóÝ»É, ÷³ÏóÝ»É. ~
guidelines [΄gaidlains] n áõÕ»ÝÇß: together/up ëáëÝÓ»É. ~ down an envelope
guide-post [΄gaidpəust] n óáõó³ÓáÕ: Íñ³ñÁ ëáëÝÓ»É. ~ up the works ËëÏó.,
guile [΄gail] n Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ݻݷáõ- ÷Ëμ. ³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ ϳë»óÝ»É/¹³¹³ñ»ó-
ÃÛáõÝ: Ý»É:
guileful [΄gailfl] a Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏ, ݻݷ: gumboil [΄gΛmbɔil] n μÅßÏ. Éݹ³μáñμ.
guileless [΄gailləs] a å³ñ½³ÙÇï, ÙdzÙÇï, ýÉÛáõë:
³ÝÏ»ÕÍ: gum-boots [΄gΛm‚bu:ts] n pl é»ïÇÝ»
guillotine [΄giləti:n] n ·ÇÉÛáïÇÝ, ·É˳ïÙ³Ý ×ïù³ÏáßÇÏ:
Ù»ù»Ý³: gummy [΄gΛmi] a ÏåãáõÝ, Ù³ÍáõóÇÏ. Ë»-
guilt [gilt] n ѳÝó³Ýù, Ù»Õù. degree of ~ Ù»Õ- Åáï, ˻ųé³ï:
ùÇ ³ëïÇ׳ÝÁ: gumption [΄gΛmp∫n] n ËëÏó. Ñݳñ³·Ç-
guiltless [΄giltləs] a ³ÝÙ»Õ, ³ñ¹³ñ: ïáõÃÛáõÝ, Ñݳñ³ÙïáõÃÛáõÝ. have got no ~
guilty [΄gilt] a Ù»Õ³íáñ, ѳÝó³íáñ. verdict ³Ýû·Ý³Ï³Ý ÉÇÝ»É. Use your ~ Ê»Éù¹
of ~ /not ~ Ù»Õ³¹ñ³Ï³Ý/³ñ¹³ñ³óÙ³Ý ¹³- μ³Ý³óñáõ/û·ï³·áñÍÇñ:
ï³í×Çé. plead ~/not ~ Ù»Õ³íáñ/³ÝÙ»Õ gumptious [΄gΛmp∫əs] a Ñݳñ³·»ï, Ñݳ-
׳ݳã»É. ~ of theft ·áÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç Ù»Õ³- ñ³ÙÇï. ˻ɳÙÇï:
íáñ. a ~ look Ù»Õ³íáñ ï»ëù/ѳ۳óù. feel ~ gumshoe [΄gΛm∫u:] n ËëÏó. ÏñÏݳÏáßÇÏ:
Ù»Õ³íáñ ½·³É. a ~ conscience ³ÝÙ³ùáõñ gum-tree [΄gΛmtri:] n ˻ųμ»ñ ͳé. up a ~
ËÇÕ×. a ~ secret ˳Ûï³é³Ï/³ÙáóÉÇ ³Ý»É³Ý»ÉÇ ¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç:
·³ÕïÝÇù: gun [gΛn] n Ññ³ÝáÃ, Ãݹ³ÝáÃ, ·Ý¹³óÇñ.
guinea-pig [΄ginipig] n Íáí³Ëá½áõÏ: ½»Ýù, Ññ³½»Ý. Ññ³ó³Ý (ݳ¨ áñëáñ¹³Ï³Ý)
guise [gaiz] n ³ñï³ùÇÝ ï»ëù, Ï»ñå³ñ³Ýù. double barelled ~ »ñÏ÷áÕ³ÝÇ Ññ³ó³Ý. sport-
under the ~ ¹ÇÙ³ÏÇ ï³Ï: ing ~ áñëáñ¹³Ï³Ý Ññ³ó³Ý. (Ññ³ÓÇ·) a
guitar [gi΄ta:] n ÏÇóé. play the ~ ÏÇóé good ~ ɳí Ññ³ÓÇ·. a big ~ ϳñ¨áñ ³ÝÓݳ-
Ýí³·»É: íáñáõÃÛáõÝ stick to one’s ~s ÷Ëμ. Çñ
gulf [gΛlf] n Íáí³Íáó, Íáí³Ëáñß. G~ of ëϽμáõÝùÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³í³ï³ñÇÙ ÙݳÉ:
Mexico Ø»ùëÇϳÛÇ Íáí³Íáó. (³Ý¹áõݹ, gun [gΛn] v áñëáñ¹áõÃÛ³Ùμ ½μ³Õí»É. Ññ³-
íÇÑ. ËáñËáñ³ï) a wide ~ between them Ù»Í ÝáóÛÇÝ Ïñ³Ïáí ·Ý¹³ÏáÍ»É. ~ smb down
ËáñËáñ³ï Ýñ³Ýó ÙÇç¨: Ù»ÏÇ íñ³ Ïñ³Ï»É/ëå³Ý»É. He’s ~ing for me
gull I [gΛl] n áñáñ. sea ~ Íáí³áñáñ. ׳Û: ËëÏó. ²ï³Ù ¿ ëñáõÙ ÇÝÓ íñ³:
gull II [gΛl] n ÙdzÙÇï/³ÝË»Éù Ù³ñ¹. eas- gunboat [΄gΛnbəut] n Ññ»ï³Ý³í:
ily ~ed ßáõï ˳μíáÕ: gun-carriage [΄gΛn‚kæridз] n é½Ù. Ññ»ï³-
gullet [΄gΛlit] n ÏáÏáñ¹, μáõÏ, Ï»ñ³Ïñ³÷áÕ: ë³ÛÉ:
gullibility [‚gΛli΄biləti] n ¹Ûáõñ³Ñ³í³ïáõ- guncrew [΄gΛnkru:] n é½Ù. Ññ³ÝáÃÇ ³ÝÓ-
ÃÛáõÝ, ¹Ûáõñ³Ë³μáõÃÛáõÝ: ݳϳ½Ù:
gullible [΄gΛləbl] a ¹Ûáõñ³Ñ³í³ï: gunfire [΄gΛn‚faiə] n Ññ»ï³Ý³ÛÇÝ Ïñ³Ï:
gully [΄gΛli] n É»éݳ·á·, ÑáíÇï. çñ³ï³ñ gunman [΄gΛnmən] n Ññ³½»Ýáí/½ÇÝí³Í
³éáõ: Ù³ñ¹:
gulp [gΛlp] n Ù»Í ÏáõÙ, áõÙå. at one ~ ÙÇ gunner [΄gΛnə] n Ññ»ï³ÓÇ·, Ññ³ÓÇ·.
ßÝãáí: Ãݹ³ÝáóÓÇ·:
gulp [gΛlp] v ÏáõÉ ï³É, ³·³Ñáñ»Ý ÏɳݻÉ. gunpoint [΄gΛn‚pɔint] n Ññ³½»ÝÇ ÷áÕ.
gunpowder 377 gyve

Ý߳ݳéáõÃÛáõÝ. hold smb at ~ Ý߳ݳéáõ- ³ï»É:


ÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï å³Ñ»É: gut [gΛt] v ÷áñáïÇùÁ ѳݻÉ. ~ a fish/a fowl
gunpowder [΄gΛn‚paundə] n í³éá¹. white ~ ÓϳÝ/ÃéãÝÇ ÷áñáïÇùÁ ѳݻÉ. (Çëå³é
³ÝÍáõË í³éá¹: ³Ûñí»É) The house was ~ted Þ»ÝùÁ ÙÇÝã¨
gun-room [΄gΛnru:m] n Íáí. Ïñïë»ñ ëå³- í»ñç ³Ûñí»ó:
Ý»ñÇ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ݳí³ë»ÝÛ³Ï: gutter [΄gΛtə] n çñáñ¹³Ý, ÷áÕáóÇ ³éáõ.
gun-running [΄gΛn‚rΛniŋ] n ½»ÝùÇ ³åû- ·»ïݳËáñß, ù³Õ³ùÇ ËáõÉ ³ÝÏÛáõÝ. (ѳ-
ñÇÝÇ Ý»ñÙáõÍáõÙ: ë³ñ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý) ï³Ï³Ýù. (÷áÕáóÇ, μáõÉí³-
gun-shot [΄gΛn∫ɒt] n ·Ý¹³ÏÇ Ñ³ëáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ñ³ÛÇÝ) ~ press μáõÉí³ñ³ÛÇÝ Ù³ÙáõÉ. children
within ~ Ññ³ÝáóÛÇÝ Ïñ³ÏÇ Ñ³ëáÕáõÃÛ³Ý from the ~ ·»ïݳËáñßÇ »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñ. ~ snipe
ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ. out of ~ Ññ³ÝáóÛÇÝ ÷áÕáó³ÛÇÝ/³Ý³å³ëï³Ý »ñ»Ë³:
Ïñ³ÏÇ Ñ³ëáÕáõÃÛ³Ý ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇó guttle [΄gΛtl] v ³·³Ñáñ»Ý áõï»É, ɳ÷»É:
¹áõñë: guttler [΄gΛtlə] n áñÏñ³ÙáÉ, ß³ï³Ï»ñ:
gun-shy [΄gΛn∫ai] a Ïñ³ÏáóÇó í³Ë»óáÕ/ guttural [΄gΛtərəl] n ÏáÏáñ¹³ÛÇÝ ÑÝãÛáõÝ.
ËñïÝáÕ: h»ïݳɻ½í³ÛÇÝ μ³Õ³Ó³ÛÝ:
gunsmith [΄gΛnsmiθ] n Ññ³ó³Ý³·áñÍ, ½Ç- gutty [΄gΛti] n Ùñ½., ËëÏó. é»ïÇÝ» ·Ý¹³Ï:
ݳ·áñÍ: guy I [gai] n ËëÏó. ïÕ³, Ù³ñ¹. ËñïíÇɳÏ.
gunstock [΄gΛnstɒk] n é½Ù. Ññ³ó³ÝÇ ß³Ù- a wise ~ Ë»Éáù Ù³ñ¹. a regular/nice ~ Ñdzë-
÷áõñ: ù³Ýã Ù³ñ¹:
gurgle [΄gə:gl] 1. n ÏÉÏÉáõÙ, ϳñϳãáõÙ. guy II [gai] n ÷³Ëáõëï. ·³ÕïÝÇ Ù»ÏÝáõÙ.
μɹμɹáó. 2. v μɹμɹ³É, ϳñϳã»É, ÏÉÏɳÉ: do a ~ ³ÝÑ»ï³Ý³É, ͳÍáõÏ ÷³Ëã»É. give
gush [gΛ∫] n ßÇÃ, ѻջÕ. ëñÁÝóó ÑáñÓ³Ýù. the ~ ¹áõñë åñÍÝ»É, ÍÉÏ»É:
a ~ of blood/oil ³ñÛ³Ý ßÇÃ. ݳíÃÇ guy III [gai] n Íáí. å³ñ³Ý, ×áå³Ý, ÃáÏ.
ß³ïñí³Ý. a ~ of tears ³ñóáõÝùÇ Ñ»Õ»Õ: ϳÛÙ³å³ñ³Ý:
gush [gΛ∫] v Ñáñ¹»É, ó³Ûï»É. ~ into tears ³ñ- guzzle [΄gΛzl] v ³·³ÑáõÃÛ³Ùμ áõï»É/ËÙ»É:
óáõÝù Ñ»Õ»Õ Ã³÷»É. Blood ~ed ²ñÛáõÝÁ guzzler [΄gΛzlə] n ѳñμ»óáÕ, ³Ýѳ· áõ-
ó³Ûï»ó. ~ over the painting ³Ý½áõëå Ñdz- ïáÕ:
Ý³É Ýϳñáí: gymnasium [dзim΄neiziəm] n (Ïñ×. gym)
gusher [΄gΛ∫ə] n ݳíóÛÇÝ ß³ïñí³Ý. ÷Ëμ. Ù³ñ½³ëñ³Ñ, Ù³ñ½³¹³ÑÉÇ×:
½ñáõó³ë»ñ/Çñ ½·³óÙáõÝùÝ»ñÝ ³ñï³Ñ³Û- gymnast [΄dзimnæst] n Ù³ñÙݳٳñ½ÇÏ,
ïáÕ Ù³ñ¹; Ù³ñ½ÇÏ:
gust [gΛst] n åáéÃÏáõÙ, ÑáÕÙ³ÏáÍáõÃÛáõÝ, gymnastic [dзim΄næstik] a Ù³ñÙݳٳñ½³-
Ñáñ¹ ³ÝÓñ¨. a ~ of wind ù³Ùáõ åáéÃÏáõÙ: ϳÝ:
gustful [΄gΛstfl] a ù³Ùáï, ÑáÕÙáï: gymnastics [dзim΄næstiks] n Ù³ñÙݳٳñ-
gusto [΄gΛstəu] n ׳߳Ï, ѳ×áõÛù. ³Ëáñ- ½áõÃÛáõÝ:
ųÏ. eat with ~ ³ËáñųÏáí áõï»É. sing with gynaecological [‚gainikə΄lɒdзikl] a ·ÇÝ»-
~ ½·³óÙáõÝùáí »ñ·»É: ÏáÉá·Ç³Ï³Ý:
gusty [΄gΛsti] a ÙññϳÉÇó, ù³Ùáï, ó÷Áݹ- gynecology [‚gaini΄kɒlədзi] n ·ÇÝ»ÏáÉá·Ç³:
ѳï. a ~ day/wind ù³Ùáï ûñ. ÙññϳÉÇó/ gypseous [΄dзipsiəs] a ·Çåë», ·Çåë³-
ó÷Áݹѳï ù³ÙÇ: ÛÇÝ:
gut [gΛt] n ³ÕÇù. ÓÏÝ. ϳñóûÉ. »ñÅß. ɳñ, gypsum [΄dзipsəm] n ·Çåë:
Ýí³·³É³ñ. blind ~ ÏáõÛñ ³ÕÇù. ~s ÷áñá- Gypsy [΄dзipsi] n, a. ·Ýãáõ, ·Ýãáõ³Ï³Ý:
ïÇù. ÷Ëμ. μáí³Ý¹³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ËëÏó. ϳÙ- gyrate [dзai΄reit] v åïïí»É, ¹³éݳÉ. å³-
ùÇ áõÅ. Ñá·»Ï³Ý Ïáñáí. There’s no ~s ñáõñ³Ó¨ ß³ñÅí»É:
²ñÅ»ù ãáõÝÇ. have got plenty of/no ~s ϳÙùÇ gyration [dзai΄rei∫n] n åïáõï³Ï³Ý ß³ñ-
ï»ñ ÉÇÝ»É/ϳٳ½áõñÏ ÉÇÝ»É. have the ~s to ÅáõÙ. åïáõÛï:
tell the truth ù³çáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»Ý³É ×ßÙ³ñ- gyratory [dзai΄reitəri] a åïáõï³Ï³Ý:
ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³ë»Éáõ. hate one’s ~s Ù»ÏÇÝ ËÇëï gyroplane [΄dзairəplein] n áõÕÕ³ÃÇé:
378

H
gyve [dзaiv] n pl μÝëï. ßÕóݻñ, ϳå³Ýù- He’s ~ late ܳ ëáíáñ³μ³ñ/ÙÇßï áõß³ÝáõÙ ¿:
Ý»ñ: habituate [hə΄bit∫ueit] v ëáíáñ»óÝ»É, í³ñ-
H, h [eit∫] n ³Ý·É»ñ»Ý ³Ûμáõμ»ÝÇ 8-ñ¹ ï³- Å»óÝ»É, ÁÝï»É³óÝ»É. be ~d ëáíáñ»É, ÁÝï»-
éÁ. drop one’s “h” ÑÝãÛáõÝÁ ã³ñï³ë³Ý»É ɳݳÉ:
³ÛÝï»Õ, áõñ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿: habitue [hə΄bitjuei] n Ùßï³Ï³Ý ѳ׳Ëáñ¹,
ha [ha:] int 峯Ñ, 峯Ñ, DZÝã »ë ³ëáõÙ: ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý ³Ûó»Éáõ:
haberdasher [΄hæbədæ∫ə] n ³ñ¹áõ½³ñ¹Ç hack I [hæk] n Ýß³Ý, ˳½, Ïïñí³Íù. μñÇã,
³é¨ïáõñ ³ÝáÕ: ùÉáõÝ·:
haberdashery [΄hæbədæ∫əri] n ³ñ¹áõ½³ñ- hack II [hæk] n í³ñÓáõ/Ñ»ÍÝ»Éáõ ÓÇ. ùÝÓéáï
¹Ç ³é³ñϳݻñ/˳ÝáõÃ. ³Ù. ïÕ³Ù³ñ¹áõ ÓÇ. ÷Ëμ. ѳÉÇó ÁÝÏ³Í Ù³ñ¹:
ëåÇï³Ï»Õ»Ý: hack [hæk] v ѳï»É. ~ down a tree ͳéÁ ѳ-
habit [΄hæbit] n ëáíáñáõÃÛáõÝ, ëáíáñáõÛÃ. ï»É. ~ to pieces Ïïñ³ï»É, Ïïáñ-Ïïáñ ³-
ϳñ·. ýǽÇÏ³Ï³Ý íÇ׳Ï. odd/foolish/harm- Ý»É. (ùÉáõÝ·áí) ÷Ëñ»óÝ»É. (ѳñí³Í ѳëóÁ-
ful ~ ï³ñûñÇݳÏ/ÑÇÙ³ñ/íݳë³Ï³ñ ëáíá- Ý»É) ~ at the log with an axe ϳóÇÝáí ѳñ-
ñáõÃÛáõÝ. break off/overcome a ~ ÃáÕÝ»É/ í³Í»É ·»ñ³ÝÇÝ. a. ~ cough ãáñ ѳ½:
ѳÕóѳñ»É ëáíáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ. develop, ac- hacker [΄hækə] n ѳù»ñ.ª ѳٳϳñ·ã³ÛÇÝ
quire a ~ ëáíáñáõÃÛáõÝ Ó»éù μ»ñ»É. from ~ Íñ³·ñ»ñÁ ¨ ó³Ýó»ñÁ íݳëáÕ ³ÝÓ. ³ñÑÙ.
Áëï ëáíáñáõÃÛ³Ý. a creature of ~s ëáíá- ·ñã³Ï, ÃáõÕà ÙñáïáÕ:
ñáõÃÛ³Ý ·»ñÇ. form a ~ ëáíáñáõÃÛáõÝ Ó»éù hackle [΄hækl] n ë³Ý¹»ñù. ³ù³Õ³ÕÇ í½Ç
μ»ñ»É. be in the ~ of ëáíáñáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ. ÷»ïáõñÝ»ñ. with his ~s up ϳï³Õ³Í, Ùá-
become a ~ ëáíáñáõÃÛáõÝ ¹³éݳÉ. fall/get É»·Ý³Í, ÏéíÇ å³ïñ³ëï:
into /out of ~ ëáíáñáõÃÛáõÝ ¹³ñÓÝ»É. Ñ»ï ëá- hackle [΄hækl] v Ïïñ»É, Ïïñ³ï»É, Ïïáñ-
íáñ»É, ëáíáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÃáÕÝ»É. health ~s Ïïáñ ³Ý»É:
³éáÕç Ï»Ýë³Ï»ñå. H~ is a second nature hackly [΄hækli] a Ëáñ¹áõμáñ¹, ³ÝѳñÃ:
êáíáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ »ñÏñáñ¹ μݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ ¿: hackneyed [΄hæknid] a Í»Íí³Í, ï³÷³Ï.
habitable [΄hæbitəbl] a μݳϻÉÇ, Ù³ñ¹³- a ~ expression Í»Íí³Í/ï³÷³Ï ³ñï³Ñ³Û-
μݳÏ: ïáõÃÛáõÝ:
habitant [΄hæbitənt] n μݳÏÇã: hacksaw [΄hæksɔ:] n Ù»ï³Õ³ëÕáó:
habitat [΄hæbitæt] n ϻݹ. μÝ³Ï³Ý ÙÇç³- haddock [΄hædək] n ÓáÕ³ÓáõÏ:
í³Ûñ. ³åñáÕ Ï»Ý¹³ÝÇÝ»ñÇ/ μáõÛë»ñÇ Í³·- haematic [hi΄mætik] a μÅßÏ. ³ñÛ³Ý, ³ñ-
Ù³Ý í³Ûñ, μÝ³Ï³Ý ÙÇç³í³Ûñ. Ñuman ~ ÛáõݳÛÇÝ£
Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó μݳϳí³Ûñ: haematite [΄hi:mətait] n ÑÝù. ϳñÙÇñ »ñϳ-
habitation [‚hæbi΄tei∫n] n μݳϳñ³Ý, ϳ- óù³ñ:
ó³ñ³Ý. μݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ. not fit for ~ μݳÏí»Éáõ haemoglobin [‚hi:mə΄gləubin] n ³ñÛ³Ý
ѳٳñ áã åÇï³ÝÇ. no sign of ~ ϳó³ñ³ÝÇ Ï³ñÙÇñ ·Ý¹ÇÏÝ»ñ. Ñ»Ùá·ÉáμÇÝ:
áã ÙÇ Ýß³Ý: haemorrhage [΄heməridз] n μÅßÏ. ³ñÛáõ-
habit-forming [΄hæbitfɔ:miŋ] a ëáíáñáõ- ݳÑáëáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ñÛáõݳ½»ÕáõÙ:
ÃÛáõÝ Ó¨³íáñáÕ: haemostatic [‚hi:mə΄stætik] n ³ñÛáõÝÁ
habitual [hə΄bit∫uəl] a ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý, ÙÇ μ³ÝÇ Ï³Ý·Ý»óÝáÕ ÙÇçáó:
ëáíáñ³Í. ~ time of getting up ³é³íáïÛ³Ý haft [ha:ft] n ÏáÃ. »ñ³Ë³Ï³É, ¹³ëï³å³Ý:
í»ñ ϻݳÉáõ ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý ųÙÁ. ~ gesture hag [hæg] n ϳ˳ñ¹, íÑáõÏ:
ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý ß³ñÅáõÙ. (ÙáÉÇ, ³ÝáõÕÕ»ÉÇ) a haggard [΄hægəd] a ÑÛáõÍí³Í, Ñá·Ý³Í.
~ liar/offender ÙáÉÇ ³ÝáõÕÕ»ÉÇ Ë³μ»μ³/ ï³Ýç³Ñ³ñ. í³ÛñÇ, ãÁÝï»É³óí³Í (μ³½»):
ѳÝó³·áñÍ. ~ drinker ÙáÉÇ Ñ³ñμ»óáÕ: haggle [΄hægl] v (about, over) ë³Ï³ñÏ»É:
habitually [hə΄bit∫uəli] adv ëáíáñ³μ³ñ. hag-ridden [΄hæg‚ridn] a ÙÕÓ³í³ÝçÝ»ñÇó
hail 379 half-breed

ï³Ýç³Ñ³ñ: hairless [΄heələs] a ³ÝÙ³½, Ù³½³½áõñÏ, ׳-


hail I [heil] n ϳñÏáõï. ~ stone ϳñÏï³- Õ³ï:
ѳï. a ~ storm ϳñÏáõïÇ ï»Õ³ï³ñ³÷. hairline [΄heəlain] n μ³ñ³Ï/Ýáõñμ ·ÇÍ,
ϳñÏï³Ë³éÝ ³ÝÓñ¨. ~ of blows ÷Ëμ. Ù³½³·ÇÍ:
ѳñí³ÍÝ»ñÇ ï³ñ³÷: hairoil [΄heəɔil] n Ù³½»ñÇ ùëáõù:
hail II [heil] n áÕçáõÛÝ, ϳÝã. ~ fellow hairpin [΄heəpin] n Ñ»ñ³Ï³É, ͳÙϳÉ. a ~
μ³ñ»Ï³Ù, Ùï»ñÇÙ ÁÝÏ»ñ: bend ÷Ëμ. ÏïñáõÏ ßñç³¹³ñÓ:
hail I [heil] v ϳñÏáõï ï»Õ³É/·³É. It ~s/is hair-raising [΄heəreiziŋ] a ËëÏó. ÙÕÓ³í³Ý-
hailing γñÏáõï ¿ ·³ÉÇë: ç³ÛÇÝ:
hail II [heil] v áÕçáõÝ»É. ϳÝã»É, Ó³ÛÝ ï³É. hair-splitting [΄heəsplitiŋ] n Ù³Ýñ³-
Ñéã³Ï»É, ѳÛï³ñ³ñ»É. ~ a passer by ³Ýóáñ- ËݹñáõÃÛáõÝ, μͳËݹñáõÃÛáõÝ:
¹ÇÝ Ó³ÛÝ ï³É. ~ a taxi ï³ùëÇ Ï³Ý·Ý»óÝ»É.
hairwaving [΄heəweiviŋ] n Ù³½»ñÇ ·³Ý·-
(ͳ·»É, ë»ñ»É) Where do you ~ from? àñï»-
ñ³óáõÙ:
Õ³óDZ »ù:
hair [heə] n Ù³½, Ù³½»ñ. μáõñ¹ (ϻݹ³Ýáõ). hairy [΄heəri] a Ù³½áï, Ù³½³ß³ï. óí³-
Ù³½. ˳íáï (·áñÍí³Íù). μñ¹áï (ϻݹ³-
black/brown/red/grey/blond, light ~ ë¨/ß³·³-
ÝÇ)£
ݳ ϳ·áõÛÝ/ßÇϳϳñÙÇñ/³É»Ñ»ñ/ß»Ï
Ù³½»ñ. flaxen/auburn/ ash-blond/chestnut/sil-
hale [heil] a ³éáÕç, ³éáõÛ·. ~ and hearty
very ~ μ³ó ¹»ÕÇÝ/ßÇϳϳñÙÇñ/ß³·³Ý³- ³éáÕç ¨ Ï»Ýëáõñ³Ë:
ϳ·áõÛÝ/ÙáËñ³ ·áõÛÝ/ß³·³Ý³Ï³ ·áõÛÝ/ half [ha:f] n, a Ï»ë, Ï»ëÙ³ë. ~ the people/time
³ñͳó÷³ÛÉ Ù³½»ñ. wavy/curly/ straight/ Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó/ųٳݳÏÇ Ï»ëÁ. the larger ~
smooth/thick/thin soft ~ ³ÉÇù³Ó¨/·³Ý·áõñ/ ³í»ÉÇ Ù»Í Ù³ëÁ/Ï»ëÁ. the better ~ ÏïÏ. óÝ-
áõÕÇÕ/ѳñÃ/ËÇï/Ýáëñ, ó³Ýó³é/÷³÷áõÏ Ï³·ÇÝ Ï»ëÁ, ÏÇÝÁ. by halves ÏÇëáí ã³÷/ÙÇ
Ù³½»ñ. grow one’s ~ Ù³½»ñÁ »ñϳñ³óÝ»É. Ï»ñå ³Ý»É. in ~ ÏÇëáíÇ. go halves ͳËë»ñÁ
knot of ~ Ù³½»ñÇ Ñ³Ý·áõÛó. mop of ~ Ù³½»- ÏÇë»É. the first/second ~ Ùñ½. ýáõïμáÉ
ñÇ ¹»½. strand/wisp of ~ Ù³½³÷áõÝç, Ëá- ³é³çÇÝ/»ñÏñáñ¹ ˳ճϻëÁ. ~ a dozen Ï»ë
åáå. ~ care Ù³½»ñÇ ËݳÙù. have one’s ~ ¹ÛáõÅÇÝ. ~ a year Ï»ë ï³ñÇ. ~ a glass Ï»ë
done Ù³½»ñÁ ѳñ¹³ñ»É. a ~ mattress Ù³½» μ³Å³Ï. be on ~ pay Ï»ë ¹ñáõÛùáí ³ß˳ï»É.
Ý»ñùݳÏ. split ~ Ù³ÝñáõùÝ»ñáí ½μ³Õí»É, a ~ moon/~ circle ÏÇë³ÉáõëÇÝ. (ųٳݳÏÇ
μͳËݹñáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É. not turn a ~ ³ãù Ñ»ï ϳåí³Í) ~ past one Ù»ÏÝ ³Ýó Ï»ë. from
ãóñûÉ, ÑáÝùÝ ¿É ãß³ñÅ»É, ³Ýï³ñμ»ñ ~ past 5 5-Ý ³Ýó Ï»ëÇó. one and a ~ hour Ù»Ï
ÙݳÉ. tear one’s ~ Ù³½»ñÁ ÷»ï»É/åáÏ»É. áõ Ï»ë ųÙ. a year and a ~ Ù»Ï áõ Ï»ë ï³ñÇ.
make one’s ~ stand on end Ù³½»ñÁ μǽ-μǽ a day and a ~ Ù»Ï áõ Ï»ë ûñ:
ϳݷݻÉ. stroke the dog’s ~ ß³ÝÁ ßáÛ»É: half [ha:f] adv ÏÇëáí ã³÷. ~ full ÏÇëáí ã³÷
hairbreadth [΄heəbredθ] n Ýí³½³·áõÛÝ ÉÇùÁ. ~ asleep ÏÇë³ùáõÝ. ~ done ÏÇëáí ã³÷
ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. at a ~ Ù³½ ÙݳÉ, Ù³½ ϳï³ñí³Í. ~ raining, ~ snowing ³ÝÓñ¨³-
Ùݳó³Í. ùÇã ¿ñ ÙÝáõÙ. be within a ~ of death ˳éÝ ÓÛáõÝ, ÓÛáõݳ˳éÝ ³ÝÓñ¨. ~ as much
Ù³ÑÇó Ù³½³åáõñÍ ÉÇÝ»É: »ñÏáõ ³Ý·³Ù å³Ï³ë. It wasn’t ~ bad ËëÏó.
hairbrush [΄heəbrΛ∫] n Ù³½»ñÇ ËέݳÏ: ¸³ μáÉáñáíÇÝ ¿É í³ï ã¿. It didn’t ~ rain
hairclipper [΄heə‚klipə] n ÏÉÇåë (³Ï³Ýç³- Ðáñ¹³é³ï ³ÝÓñ¨ ¿ñ ·³ÉÇë:
½³ñ¹)£
half-and-half [‚ha:fn΄ha:f] a ѳí³ë³ñ
haircurler [΄heə΄kə:lə] n í³ñë³÷³ÃÃáõÏ ù³Ý³Ïáí ˳éݳÍ. ³Ýáñáß, ï³ï³ÝíáÕ.
(μÇ·áõ¹Ç` Ù³½»ñÁ ·³Ý·ñ³óÝáÕ ë³ñù):
áã ³Ûë, áã ³ÛÝ:
haircut [΄heəkΛt] n Ù³½»ñÇ Ïïñí³Íù. need half-back [΄ha:fbæk] n Ùñ½. ÏÇë³å³ßï-
a ~ Ù³½»ñÁ Ïïñ»Éáõ ϳñÇù ÉÇÝ»É:
å³Ý:
hairdo [΄heədu:] n (ݳ¨ hairstyle) Ù³½»ñÇ
ë³Ýñí³Íù: half-baked [‚ha:f΄beikt] a ÏÇë³»÷. ûñ³-
hairdresser [΄heədresə] n í³ñë³Ñ³ñ¹³ñ, ÃáõË. ÷Ëμ. ÏÇë³í³ñï. a ~ idea ËëÏó. ³Ý-
í³ñë³íÇñ. the ~‘s í³ñë³íÇñ³Ýáó: ѳçáÕ ÙÇïù. He ‘s ~ ò³Ýó³éÇ Ù»ÏÝ ¿:
hairdrier [΄heədraiə] n Ù³½»ñÁ ãáñ³óÝáÕ half-bred [΄ha:fbred] a ˳éݳÍÇÝ. ÏÇëáí
ѳñÙ³ñ³Ýù, ý»Ý: ã³÷ ³½Ýí³ó»Õ:
half-brother/sister 380 hammering

half-breed [΄ha:fbri:d] n ˳éݳÍÇÝ, Ù»- hallway [΄hɔ:lwei] n ÙÇç³Ýóù, ݳ˳ë»Ý-


ïÇë. μëμ. ÑÇμñǹ: Û³Ï:
half-brother/sister [΄ha:fbrΛðə] n ÏÇëáí halo [΄heiləu] n Éáõë³åë³Ï, ÷³é³åë³Ï:
ã³÷ »Õμ³Ûñ/ùáõÛñ: halt [hɔ:lt] n ϳݷ³é (ݳ¨ ÷á˳¹ñ³ÙÇçá-
half-dead [΄ha:fded] a ÏÇë³Ù»é. ~ with fright óÇ). »ñÏÃ. ÏÇë³Ï³Û³ñ³Ý. ¹³¹³ñ. make a ~
í³ËÇó ÏÇë³Ù»é: ϳݷ ³éÝ»É, ¹³¹³ñ ï³É. come to a ~ ϳݷ
half-done [‚ha:f΄dΛn] a ÏÇë³í³ñï. ÏÇë³- ³éÝ»É, ³í³ñïí»É, call a ~ í»ñç ï³É. ÷Ëμ.
»÷: Áݹѳï»É, ¹³¹³ñ»óÝ»É. é½Ù. ϳݷ³é/¹³-
half-empty [΄ha:fempti] a ÏÇëáí ã³÷ ¹³- ¹³ñ ѳÛï³ñ³ñ»É:
ï³ñÏ: halt I [hɔ:lt] v ϳݷ ³éÝ»É, ¹³¹³ñ»É. ϳݷ-
half-fare [΄ha:ffeə] ׳ݳå³ñѳͳËëÇ Ý»óÝ»É, ¹³¹³ñ»óݻɣ
Ï»ëÁ: halt II [hɔ:lt] v ï³ï³Ýí»É, í³ñ³Ý»É.
half-hearted [‚ha:f΄ha:tid] a ³Ýí×é³Ï³Ý. ÏÙÏÙ³É. in a ~ing voice ï³ï³Ýí»Éáí,
in a ~ way ³é³Ýó á·¨áñáõÃÛ³Ý: ³Ýíëï³Ñáñ»Ý:
half-length [‚ha:f΄leŋθ] n a ~ portrait ÏÇë³- halter [΄hɔ:ltə] n ϳå, »ñ³ë³Ý³Ï. ϳ˳-
Ýϳñ (ÙÇÝ㨠·áïϳï»ÕÁ): Õ³ÝÇ å³ñ³Ý:
half-penny [΄heipni] n, a Ï»ë å»ÝÇ. Ïáå»- halve [ha:v] v ÏÇë»É, ÏÇëáí ã³÷/»ñÏáõ ³Ý-
ϳÝáó, ·ñáß³Ýáó, ß³ï ¿Å³Ý: ·³Ù ÷áùñ³óÝ»É/Ïñ׳ï»É. Ï»ë ³é Ï»ë μ³-
half-time [‚ha:f΄taim] n Ï»ë ³ß˳ï³Ýù³- ųݻÉ. ~ the profits ß³ÑáõÛÃÁ »ñÏáõ ³Ý·³Ù
ÛÇÝ ûñ. Ùñ½. ˳ճϻë: Ïñ׳ï»É:
half-timer [΄ha:f‚taimə] n áã ÉñÇí ³ß˳- ham [hæm] n ³½¹ñ³Ù³ë, ³½¹ñ. Ëá½³-
ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ ß³μ³Ã ³ß˳ïáÕ/ëáíáñáÕ: åáõËï. a ~ sandwich Ëá½³åáõËïáí μáõ-
half-way [‚ha:f΄wei] 1. a Ï»ë ׳ݳå³ñÑÇÝ ï»ñμñá¹. ~ and eggs Ëá½³åáõËïáí Óí³-
·ïÝíáÕ. ~ between the school and theatre Í»Õ:
óïñáÝÇ ¨ ¹åñáóÇ Ù»çï»ÕáõÙ ·ïÝíáÕ. 2. hamburger [hæmbə:gə] n óϳÍá Ïáï-
É»ïáí μáõÉÏÇ, ѳÙμáõñ·»ñ:
adv Ï»ë ׳ݳå³ñÑÇÝ. meet ~ ÷Ëμ. ÷á-
˳¹³ñÓ ½ÇçÙ³Ý ·Ý³É, ѳٳӳÛÝí»É. turn
hamfisted [‚hæm΄fistid], hamhanded
[hæm΄hændid] a ËëÏó. ³ÝßÝáñÑù:
back ~ Ï»ë ׳ݳå³ñÑÇó í»ñ³¹³éݳÉ:
half-witted [‚ha:f΄witid] a ÑÇÙ³ñ, Ãáõɳ- hamlet [΄hæmlət] n ·ÛáõÕ³Ï, ß»Ý:
ÙÇï:
hammer [΄hæmə] n Ùáõñ×. »ñÅß. Ùáõñ×ÇÏ
(¹³ßݳÙáõñÇ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ). é½Ù. Ññ³Ñ³Ý, ßÝÇÏ.
half-word [‚ha:f΄wə:d] n ³ÏݳñÏ: iron/wooden ~ »ñϳû/÷³Ûï» Ùáõñ×. auctio-
half-year [‚ha:f΄jiə] n ÏÇë³ÙÛ³, Ï»ë ï³ñ- neer’s ~ ³×áõñ¹³í³ñÇ Ùáõñ×. sledge ~
í³:
Ïé³Ý, Ùáõñ×. ~ and sickle Ùáõñ× ¨ ٳݷ³Õ.
half-yearly [‚ha:f΄jiəli]1. a ÏÇë³ÙÛ³, ÏÇ- come under the ~ ³×áõñ¹áí í³×³éí»É. ~ and
ë³Ù۳ϳÛÇÝ. 2. adv Ï»ë ï³ñÇÝ Ù»Ï:
tongs ËëÏó. ³ÙμáÕç áõÅáí, ³Ý·Ãáñ»Ý.
halibut [΄hælibət] n í³Ñ³Ý³Ï³ÓáõÏ, ï³- throw the ~ Ùñ½. Ùáõñ× Ý»ï»É:
÷³Ï³ÓáõÏ: hammer [΄hæmə] v Ùáõñ×áí Ë÷»É, ٻ˻É.
hall [hɔ:l] n ݳ˳ë»ÝÛ³Ï, Áݹáõݳñ³Ý. ¹³ñμÝ»É. ~ a nail/a wedge Ù»Ë Ë÷»É, ë»å
í³ñã³Ï³Ý ß»Ýù. ëñ³Ñ, ¹³ÑÉÇ×. town ~ ù³- ÙïóÝ»É. ~ one’s way through ×»Õù»É-³ÝóÝ»É,
Õ³ù³å»ï³ñ³Ý. drill ~ Ù³ñ½³ñ³Ý. dining ó÷³Ýó»É. ~ together Çñ³ñ ٻ˻É. (³ÕÙÁ-
~ ׳߳ñ³Ý. ~ of residence ѳÝñ³Ï³ó³- Ï»É, ÃËÏÃËϳóÝ»É)’ ~ on the door/table ¹áõéÁ
ñ³Ý: /ë»Õ³ÝÁ ÃËÏÃËϳóÝ»É. ~ (an idea) into
hall-mark [΄hɔ:lma:k] n ѳñ·, ѳñ·³- smn’s head ÷Ëμ. ·ÉáõËÁ ÙïóÝ»É, ѳëϳó-
¹ñáßÙ. ѳñϳÝÇß. åÇï³Ï: Ý»É. ~ out the terms å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ Ù߳ϻÉ. ~
hallo [hə΄ləu] int μ³ñ¨, áÕçáõÛÝ: away all day/all week ³ÙμáÕç ûñÁ/ß³μ³Ã
hallow [΄hæləu] v ûñÑÝ»É, ÝíÇñ³·áñÍ»É, ѳٳé Ï»ñåáí ³ß˳ï»É. ~ away at the
ëñμ³·áñÍ»É: point ÙÇ Ï»ïÇ íñ³ ³ß˳ï»É:
hallucination [hə΄lu:sinei∫n] n å³ïñ³Ýù, hammer-blow [΄hæməbləu] n ͳÝñ/Ïáñ-
½·³Û³Ë³μáõÃÛáõÝ: ͳÝÇã ѳñí³Í:
hammerman 381 hand

hammering [΄hæməriŋ] n ÏéáõÙ, ѳïáõÙ, ÷áñÓí³Í/ɳí/í³ñå»ï ³ß˳ïáÕ. all ~s


¹ñí³·áõÙ: up/on deck! Íáí. ³íñ³É. (ëɳù) the ~s of the
hammerman [΄hæməmən] n Ùñ׳ѳñ, clock ųٳóáõÛóÇ ëɳùÝ»ñÁ hour/minute ~
Ïé³Ý³Ñ³ñ: (ųٳóáõÛóÇ) ÷áùñ/Ù»Í ëɳù. (ӻ鳷Çñ,
hammersmith [΄hæməsmiθ] n ¹³ñμÇÝ: ëïáñ³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ) a clear ~ å³ñ½ ӻ鳷Çñ.
hammock [΄hæmək] n ó³Ýó³×á×. ϳËáíÇ legible/illegible ~ ÁÝûéÝ»ÉÇ/³ÝÁÝûéÝ»ÉÇ
Ù³ÑÇ× Ý³íáõÙ. ·³Ù³Ï: ӻ鳷Çñ. witness the ~ ëïáñ³·ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ
hamper [΄hæmpə] n (Ù»Í) ½³ÙμÛáõÕ/ÏáÕáí ѳëï³ï»É. (ÃÕÃË.) play a ~ of bridge ÙÇ
(ϳ÷³ñÇãáí). a laundry ~ ëåÇï³Ï»Õ»ÝÇ Ó»éù μñÇç ˳ճÉ. have a good ~ ɳí ˳-
½³ÙμÛáõÕ. a picnic ~ ½μáë³ËÝçáõÛùÇ ½³Ùμ- Õ³ù³ñï»ñ áõݻݳÉ. show one’s ~ ÷Ëμ.
ÛáõÕ: ˳ճÃÕûñÁ μ³ó ³Ý»É. send a letter by ~
hamper [΄hæmpə] v ˳ݷ³ñ»É. ³ñ·»Éù/ ݳٳÏÁ ëáõñѳݹ³Ïáí áõÕ³ñÏ»É. go down
ËáãÁݹáï ѳݹÇë³Ý³É. Children ~ed my on one’s ~s and knees ãáñ»ùóà ³Ý»É. Winter
work ºñ»Ë³Ý»ñÁ ˳ݷ³ñáõÙ ¿ÇÝ ÇÝÓ ³ß- is at ~ Þáõïáí ÓÙ»é ¿. stick to the matter in ~
˳ï»É. The trip was ~ed àõÕ¨áñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÝÛáõÃÇó ãß»Õí»É. on the one ~ ÙÇ ÏáÕÙÇó. on
˳÷³Ýí»ó: the other ~ ÙÛáõë ÏáÕÙÇó. on every/on all ~s
hamster [΄hæmstə] n ϻݹ. ·»ñٳݳÙáõÏ, μáÉáñ ÏáÕÙ»ñÇó. cash in ~ ³éÓ»éÝ ·áõÙ³ñ.
ѳÙëï»ñ: have one’s ~s full ³½³ï í³ÛñÏÛ³Ý ãáõݻݳÉ.
hand [hænd] n Ó»éù, ¹³ëï³Ï. Çß˳Ýáõ- give a free ~ ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ ³½³ïáõ-
ÃÛáõÝ, ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. right/left ~ ³ç/Ó³Ë ÃÛáõÝ ï³É. give a helping ~ û·Ý»É, û·Ýáõ-
Ó»éù. clean/dirty/bony/steady/shaking, trem- ÃÛáõÝ óáõÛó ï³É. get/gain/have/take the upper ~
bling/heavy ~ Ù³ùáõñ/Ï»Õïáï/áëÏñáï/áõ- ѳÕûÉ, ·»ñ³½³Ýó»É, ѳÕÃ³Ý³Ï ï³Ý»É.
Å»Õ/¹áÕ³óáÕ/ͳÝñ Ó»éù. the palm of the ~ be ~ in glove with Ùáï/μ³ñ»Ï³Ù³Ï³Ý ѳ-
Ó»éùÇ ³÷Á. the back of the ~ Ó»éùÇ »ï¨Ç ñ³μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É. change ~s Ó»é-
Ù³ëÁ. cupped ~s μáõé. ~ in ~ Ó»éù Ó»éùÇ, ùÇó Ó»éù/áõñÇßÇ Ó»éù ³ÝóÝ»É. do a ~s turn
ÙdzëÇÝ. offer one’s ~ Ó»éùÝ ³é³ç³ñÏ»É. Ù³ïÁ ß³ñÅ»É. He never does a ~s turn ºñμ»ù
shake one’s ~ Ó»éùÁ ë»ÕÙ»É, μ³ñ¨»É. join ~`s Ù³ïÁ ãÇ ß³ñÅÇ. have/take/bear a ~ in smth
÷Ëμ. ç³Ýù»ñÁ ÙdzóÝ»É, Ó»éù Ó»éùÇ ïí³Í Ù³ïÁ ˳éÁ ÉÇÝ»É. turn one’s ~ Ó»éݳñÏ»É,
·áñÍ»É H~s off! Ò»éÝ»ñ¹ Ñ»éáõ. H~s up! ëÏë»É. at any ~ ³Ù»Ý ¹»åùáõÙ. take oneself in
Ò»éù»ñ¹ í»°ñ. at ~ Ó»éùÇ ï³Ï. near at ~ Ùá- ~ Çñ»Ý ѳí³ù»É. get one’s ~ in ÁÝï»É³Ý³É,
ïÇÏ, Ùáï»ñùáõÙ. with one’s bear ~s (Ù»ñÏ) Ó»éùÁ í³ñÅ»óÝ»É. get the better ~ ³é³-
³Ý½»Ý Ó»éù»ñáí, by ~ Ó»éùáí, Ó»éùÇ ³ß- í»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ Ó»éù μ»ñ»É. live from ~ to mouth
˳ï³Ýùáí. at first ~ ëϽμݳÕμÛáõñÇó. from ÏÇë³ù³Õó ³åñ»É. take smth into one’s own
~ to ~ Ó»éùÇó Ó»éù. have only a pair of ~s ~s Çñ Ó»éùÝ ³éÝ»É. try one’s ~ Ó»éùÁ ÇÝã-áñ
ËëÏó. »ñÏáõ Ó»éùÇó ³í»É ãáõݻݳÉ. get μ³ÝáõÙ ÷áñÓ»É. make money ~ over fist ß³ï
one’s ~s on smb Ù»ÏÇÝ Ó»éùÁ ·ó»É. at the ~ of ÷áÕ í³ëï³Ï»É. wash one’s ~s Ó»éù»ñÁ
Ó»éùÇó. die at the ~ of the doctor μÅßÏÇ Ó»é- Éí³Ý³É, Ñ»ï ù³ßí»É. bind/tie ~ and foot
ùÇó Ù»éÝ»É. (ïÝûñÇÝáõÃÛáõÝ) be in good ~s Ó»éùÝ áõ áïùÁ ϳå»É. ~s down Ñ»ßïáõ-
ɳí Ó»éù»ñáõÙ ÉÇÝ»É. in ~ Ó»éùÇ/ïÝûñÇÝáõ- ÃÛ³Ùμ. kiss one’s ~ to û¹³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ÙμáõÛñÝ»ñ
ÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï. keep in ~ Ó»éùáõÙ/í»ñ³ÑëÏá- áõÕ³ñÏ»É. lay ~s on óÃÁ íñ³Ý ¹Ý»É. off ~
ÕáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï å³Ñ»É. take matters into one’s ѳÝå³ïñ³ëïÇó. ³Ý÷áõÛÃ, ³Ý÷áõÃáñ»Ý:
own ~s ·áñÍ»ñÝ Çñ Ó»éùÁ í»ñóÝ»É. get out hand [hænd] v ï³É, ÷á˳Ýó»É, ѳÝÓÝ»É.
of ~ Ó»éùÇó ·Ý³É. It is not in my ~s ¸³ ÇÙ Ó»éùÁ ï³É. û·Ý»É. ~ a letter/a telegram ݳ-
ϳñáÕáõÃÛáõÝÇó ¹áõñë ¿. ~s ³ß˳ïáÕ Ù³Ï/ ѻ鳷Çñ ï³É/ѳÝÓÝ»É. ~ down ÇçÝ»-
Ó»éù, μ³Ýíáñ, ݳí³ëïÇ. ݳíÇ ³ÝÓݳ- ÉÇë û·Ý»É. ³í³Ý¹ ÃáÕÝ»É. ~ down a legend/
ϳ½Ù. factory ~ ·áñͳñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ μ³Ýíáñ. custom ³é³ëå»É/ëáíáñáõÛà ³í³Ý¹»É.
farm ~ ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý μ³Ýíáñ. hire ~s (Ïï³Ï»É) The picture was ~ed down from his
³ß˳ïáÕ í³ñÓ»É. H~s wanted ²ß˳ïáÕ grandfather ÜϳñÁ Ïï³Ï»É ¿ñ Çñ å³åÇÏÁ. ~
Ó»éù»ñ »Ý å³Ñ³ÝçíáõÙ. an old/good ~ in ѳÝÓÝ»É, ï³É. ~ in an application ¹ÇÙáõÙ
hand-bag 382 handy

ï³É. ~ in the composition ß³ñ³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ׳ÙåñáõÏÇ μéݳÏ. ~ of a spade/knife/an axe


ѳÝÓÝ»É. ~ out μ³Å³Ý»É, μ³ßË»É. ~ over μ³ÑÇ/¹³Ý³ÏÇ/ϳóÝÇ ÏáÃ. fly off the ~
ï³É, ÷á˳Ýó»É. ~ round ³é³ç³ñÏ»É. ~ ÷Ëμ., ËëÏó. Çñ»ÝÇó ¹áõñë ·³É. give/leave a
round sweets ù³Õóñ»Õ»Ý ³é³ç³ñÏ»É. ~ to ³éÇà ï³É:
hand-bag [΄hændbæg] n Ó»éݳå³Ûáõë³Ï, handle [΄hændl] v Ó»éù ï³É, ¹Çåã»É, í³ñ-
(Ó»éùÇ) ׳ÙåñáõÏ: í»É. ~ carefully ½·áõßáõÃÛ³Ùμ í³ñí»É. be
handball [΄hændbɔ:l] n Ùñ½. Ó»éݳ·Ý¹³Ï: roughly ~d Ù»ÏÇ Ñ»ï Ïáåïáñ»Ý í³ñí»É. do
hand-barrow [΄hændbærəu] n Ó»éݳë³Û- not ~ the exhibit! ÝÙáõßÝ»ñÁ Ó»éù` ãï³É.
ɳÏ: (Ù»Ïݳμ³Ý»É) ~ a question/problem ѳñó/
handbill [΄hændbil] n ³½¹, ͳÝáõóáõÙ: åñáμɻ٠ٻÏݳμ³Ý»É. ~ the ball Ùñ½. ·Ý¹³-
handbook [΄hændbuk] n Ó»éݳñÏ, ï»Õ»- ÏÇÝ ¹Çåã»É. ~ a horse/a gun ÓÇáõ/ ·Ý¹³óñÇ
ϳ·Çñù: Ñ»ï í³ñí»É ÇٳݳÉ. ~ a tractor/a car
hand-brake [΄hændbreik] n Ó»éùÇ ³ñ- ïñ³Ïïáñ/Ù»ù»Ý³ í³ñ»É. I can’t ~ this mat-
·»É³Ï: ter on my own ÆÝùÝáõñáõÛÝ ã»Ù ϳñáÕ ¹³
hand-cart [΄hændka:t] n Ó»éݳë³ÛɳÏ: ³Ý»É. The airport ~s 1000 passangers daily
hand-cream [΄hændkri:m] n Ó»éùÇ ùëáõù: ú¹³Ý³í³Ï³Û³ÝÁ ûñ³Ï³Ý ѳ½³ñ Ù³ñ¹ ¿
handcuff [΄hændkΛf] n Ó»éݳßÕó, Ó»é- ëå³ë³ñÏáõÙ:
ݳϳå³Ýù: handle-bar [΄hændlba:] n h»Í³ÝÇíÇ/Ùáïá-
handful [΄hændful] a ÙÇ μáõé. ÷Ëμ. ÷áùñ óÇÏÉÇ Õ»Ï:
ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ of people ÙÇ μáõé Ù³ñ¹: handler [΄hændlə] n ÑÙÏñ·. Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý Íñ³-
hand-glass [΄hændgla:s] n Ó»éùÇ Ñ³Û»ÉÇ: ·Çñ. Ùß³ÏáÕ, ѳïáõÏ Çñ³íÇ׳ÏÇ Ùß³ÏáÕ:
hand-grenade [΄hændgri‚neid] n Ó»éùÇ hand luggage [΄hændlΛgidз] n Ó»éùÇ μ³-
ÝéݳÏ: ·³Å:
handgrip [΄hændgrip] n Ó»éùÇ ë»ÕÙáõÙ. hand-made [‚hænd΄meid] a Ó»éùáí å³ï-
Ó»éݳٳñï: ñ³ëïí³Í/ßÇݳÍ. ~ furniture Ó»éùáí å³ï-
handhold [΄hændhəuld] n ÏáÃ, μéݳÏ: ñ³ëïí³Í/ѳí³ù³Í:
handicap [΄hændikæp] n ³ñ·»Éù, ËáãÁÝ- hand-out [΄hændaut] n ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý
¹áï. å³Ï³ëáõÃÛáõÝ, ûñáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ñ³ï. ï»ùëï, ·áí³½¹Ç ûñÃáÝ. training/course ~s
mental ~ Ùï³íáñ å³Ï³ëáõÃÛáõÝ. Ñ»ï³- áõëáõóÙ³Ý/¹³ëÁÝóóÇ ÝÛáõûñ/ûñÃáÝÝ»ñ:
ÙݳóáõÃÛáõÝ. physical ~ ýǽÇÏ³Ï³Ý ³- hand-picked [‚hænd΄pikt] a ÁÝïñí³Í. ~
ñ³ï. His stutter is a big ~ to him γϳ½»ÉÁ apples (Ó»éùáí) ï»ë³Ï³íáñ³Í ËÝÓáñÝ»ñ.
Ýñ³Ý ß³ï ¿ ˳ݷ³ñáõÙ. Ùñ½. ѳݹÇù³÷. ~ troops ÁÝïñáíÇ ½áñù»ñ:
ÙñóáõÙ ÃáõÛÉ»ñÇÝ ³é³í»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ ï³Éáí: hand-rail [΄handreil] n μ³½ñÇù, ׳ճ-
handicapped [΄hændikæpt] 1. a ³ñ³ï³- ß³ñù:
íáñ, Ë»Õí³Í. a physically/mentally ~ child handshake [΄hænd∫eik] n Ó»éùë»ÕÙáõÙ,
ýǽÇϳå»ë ¨ Ùï³íáñ³å»ë Ë»Õí³Í/Ñ»- Ó»éù ë»ÕÙ»ÉÁ, μ³ñ¨»ÉÁ:
ï³Ùݳó »ñ»Ë³. 2. n ³Ý¹³Ù³ÉáõÛÍ: handsome [΄hænsəm] a ·»Õ»óÇÏ, í³Û»Éã³-
handicraft [΄hændikra:ft] n ³ñÑ»ëï, Ó»éùÇ Ï³½Ù. a ~ man ·»Õ»óÇÏ ïÕ³Ù³ñ¹. (½·³ÉÇ,
³ß˳ï³Ýù. an exhibition of ~ Ó»éùÇ ³ß- μ³í³Ï³Ý) a ~ sum ½·³ÉÇ ·áõÙ³ñ. a ~ profit
˳ï³ÝùÇ óáõó³Ñ³Ý¹»ë: μ³í³Ï³Ý Ù»Í ß³ÑáõÛÃ:
handicraftsman [΄hændikra:ftsmən] n ³ñ- handwork [΄hændwə:k] n Ó»éùÇ ³ß˳-
Ñ»ëï³íáñ, í³ñå»ï: ï³Ýù:
handiness [΄hændinəs] n ׳ñï³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, handwriting [΄hændraitiŋ] n ӻ鳷Çñ. ~
׳ñåÏáõÃÛáõÝ: expert ӻ鳷ñ³μ³Ý. proof of ~ ӻ鳷ñÇ
handiwork [΄hændiwə:k] n Ó»éùÇ ³ß˳- ѳٻٳïáõÙ/ѳëï³ïáõÙ:
ï³Ýù, ӻ鳷áñÍ: handwritten [‚hænd΄ritn] a ӻ鳷Çñ, Ó»é-
handkerchief [΄hæŋkət∫if] n óßÏÇݳÏ: ùáí ·ñ³Í. The letter is ~ ܳٳÏÁ Ó»éùáí ¿
handle [΄hændl] n ÏáÃ, μéݳÏ. door ~ ¹é³Ý ·ñí³Í:
μéݳÏ. ~ of a teapot/suitcase û۳ٳÝÇ/ handy [΄hændi] a ѳñÙ³ñ, ³éÓ»éÝ. a ~
handy-man 383 happy-go-lucky

cooker/ knife ѳñÙ³ñ ·³½ûç³Ë/¹³Ý³Ï. ·áõëïÇ). ï»Ë. ϳËáó:


That’ll come in very ~ ¸³ ß³ï ï»ÕÇÝ ÏÉÇÝÇ. hanger-on [‚hæŋər΄ɒn] n Óñdzϻñ. Ëáñ³-
(ÑÙáõï) be ~ in the kitchen ÑÙáõï Ëáѳñ³ñ Ù³ÝÏ/׳ñåÇÏ Ù³ñ¹. ϳٳϳï³ñ, Ù³ÝÏ-
ÉÇÝ»É. (Ó»éùÇ ï³Ï, Ùáï»ñùáõÙ) Have you ɳíÇÏ:
got the timetable ~? Øáï¹ ¹³ë³óáõó³Ï ϳ±: hanging [΄hæŋiŋ] n ϳËáõÙ, ϳ˻ÉÁ. ~s
handy-man [΄hændimæn] n ³Ù»Ý ÇÝãÇ Ù»ç í³ñ³·áõÛñ:
׳ñï³ñ/í³ñå»ï. û·Ý³Ï³Ý. work as a ~ hangman [΄hæŋmən] n ¹³ÑÇ×, ϳËáÕ:
û·Ý³Ï³Ý ÉÇÝ»É. He is quite a ~ ܳ ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã hang-over [΄hæŋəuvə] n í»ñ³åñáõÏ. ³Ýó-
ϳñáÕ ¿ ³Ý»É: Û³ÉÇ Å³é³Ý·áõÃÛáõÝ. ËëÏó. ½³ñÃËáõÙ:
hang [hæŋ] v ϳ˻É, Ï³Ë ï³É. ~ washing on hank [hæŋk] n ÏÍÇÏ. a ~ of wool μñ¹Ç ÏÍÇÏ:
the lines Éí³óùÁ å³ñ³ÝÇÝ ÷é»É. ~ one’s hanker [΄hæŋkə] v »ñ³½»É, Ó·ï»É. ͳñ³íÇ
head ·ÉáõËÁ ϳ˻É. ~ wallpaper å³ïÁ ÉÇÝ»É. ~ for a cup of tea ÙÇ μ³Å³Ï ûÛÇ
å³ëï³é³å³ï»É. ~ man ¹³ÑÇ×. (ϳ˳- Ù³ëÇÝ »ñ³½»É:
Õ³Ý Ñ³Ý»É, ٳѳå³ïÅÇ »ÝóñÏ»É) be ~ hankie [΄hæŋki] n ËëÏó. óßÏÇݳÏ.
ed for murder ëå³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ϳ˳- hanky-panky [‚hæŋki΄pæŋki ] n ËëÏó. Ëá-
Õ³Ý μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É. ~ it! ê³ï³Ý³Ý ï³ÝÇ ñ³Ù³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ˳μ»μ³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ. There is
I’m ~ed if I know êå³Ý»ë ¿É ã·Çï»Ù. (ϳË- some ~ going on here ²Ûëï»Õ ÇÝã-áñ ¹³í»ñ
í»É, ϳËí³Í ÉÇÝ»É) The lamp ~s from the »Ý ÝÛáõÃíáõÙ:
ceiling ȳÙåÁ ϳËí³Í ¿ ³é³ëï³ÕÇó. hansom [΄hænsəm] n »ñϳÝÇí ϳéù:
(ѳ·áõëïÇ Ù³ëÇÝ) The dress ~s well г- haphazard [hæp΄hæzəd] n å³ï³Ñ³Ï³Ý,
·áõëïÁ É³í ¿ ÝëïáõÙ. His life ~s by a thread by/at ~ å³ï³Ñ³μ³ñ. å³ï³ÑÙ³Ùμ. a ~
Üñ³ ÏÛ³ÝùÁ Ù³½Çó ¿ Ï³Ëí³Í. ~ about choice å³ï³Ñ³Ï³Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ method
³Ý·áñÍ ßñç»É. ~ back ³é³ç ãÁÝÏÝ»É, ëïí»- of working ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ ³ÝëÇëï»Ù Ù»Ãá¹:
ñáõÙ ÙݳÉ. She hung back ܳ Ñ»ï ù³ß- happen [΄hæpən] v å³ï³Ñ»É, ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»-
í»ó/ëïí»ñáõÙ Ùݳó. ~ down ϳËí»É. Her ݳÉ. whatever ~s ÇÝã ¿É áñ å³ï³ÑÇ. What
hair ~ down Üñ³ Ù³½»ñÁ ó³Í ¿ÇÝ Ï³Ëí³Í. ~ed next ? лïá ƱÝã å³ï³Ñ»ó. (íÇ׳Ïí»É,
~ on ³Ùáõñ μéÝ»É, ϳéã»É. ~ on the idea å³ï³Ñ³μ³ñ ѳݹÇå»É) He ~ed to be there
ÙïùÇó/·³Õ³÷³ñÇó ϳéã»É. All ~s on his ä³ï³Ñ³μ³ñ ݳ ³ÛÝï»Õ ¿ñ. I ~ed to run into
decision ²Ù»Ý ÇÝã ϳËí³Í ¿ Ýñ³ him ºë å³ï³Ñ³μ³ñ Ýñ³Ý ѳݹÇå»óÇ. ~
áñáßáõÙÇó. ~ out Ï³Ë ï³É. ¹áõñë ϳ˻É. ~ on smth å³ï³Ñ³μ³ñ ÇÝã-áñ μ³Ý ׳ñ»É:
out flags ¹ñáßÝ»ñÁ ϳ˻É. ~ over Ï³Ë happening [΄hæpəniŋ] n ¹»åù. ¹Çåí³Í,
ÁÝÏÝ»É, íñ³Ý Ïé³Ý³É. Exams are ~ing over Çñ³¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝ:
øÝÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ í½Çóë »Ý Ï³Ëí»É. ~ to- happily [΄hæpili] adv μ³ñ»μ³Ëï³μ³ñ, ѳ-
gether ѳٳËÙμí»É, ÙdzëÝ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍ»É. çáÕ Ï»ñåáí. ѳçáÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ. áõñ³Ë. ~ I
The two parts don’t ~ together ºñÏáõ ÏáÕÙ»ñÁ found her address ´³ñ»μ³Ëï³μ³ñ »ë ·ï³
ѳϳëáõÙ »Ý ÙÇÙÛ³Ýó. ~ up Ó·Ó·»É. ËëÏó. Ýñ³ ѳëó»Ý. The children sang ~ ºñ»Ë³Ý»-
Éë³÷áÕÁ ϳ˻É. H~ up your receiver Èë³- ñÁ áõñ³Ë »ñ·áõÙ ¿ÇÝ. They are ~ married
÷áÕÁ ϳ˻ù. He hang up (on me) ܳ Éë³- Üñ³Ýù »ñç³ÝÇÏ ½áõÛ· »Ý:
÷áÕÁ ¹ñ»ó (ÙÇÝ㨠í»ñç ÇÝÓ ãÉë»Éáí): happiness [΄hæpinəs] n »ñç³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ,
hang [hæŋ] n Ý߳ݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ÇÙ³ëï. I don’t μ³Ëï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. I’m concerned for her ~
get the ~ ÆÙ³ëïÁ ã»Ù ѳëϳÝáõÙ. I haven’t ºë Ùï³ÍáõÙ »Ù/Ñá·áõÙ »Ù Ýñ³ »ñç³ÝÏáõ-
got the ~ of this machine ̳Ýáà ã»Ù ³Ûë Ù»- ÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇÝ:
ù»Ý³ÛÇ/ٻ˳ÝǽÙÇ ·áñͻɳϻñåÇÝ. áot a happy [΄hæpi] a »ñç³ÝÇÏ, μ³Ëï³íáñ, ѳ-
~ ³Ù»Ý¨ÇÝ I don’t care a ~ ì»çë ãÇ: çáÕ³Ï. a ~ day »ñç³ÝÇÏ ûñ. a ~ choice ѳ-
hangar [΄hæŋə] n û¹³Ý³í³ß»Ýù, û¹³Ý³- çáÕ ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝ. H~ birthday! ÌÝáõݹ¹
í³ñ³Ý. ͳÍÏ, ϳé³ëñ³Ñ: ßÝáñѳíáñ. by a ~ chance »ñç³ÝÇÏ å³ï³-
hang-dog [΄hæŋdɒg] n ˳μ»μ³, ëñÇϳ, ѳϳÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ. I’m ~ to help you àõñ³Ë »Ù,
³í³½³Ï: áñ ϳñáÕ »Ù ù»½ û·Ý»É:
hanger [΄hæŋə] n Ï»é, Ï»éÇÏ. ϳËÇã (ѳ- happy-go-lucky [‚hæpigəu΄lΛki] a ³ÝÑá·.
harangue 384 hardly

áõñ³Ë. a ~ guy/temperature ³ÝÑá· »ñÇï³- ing/snowing/freezing ~ Ñáñ¹³é³ï ³ÝÓñ¨.


ë³ñ¹/ ˳éÝí³Íù: ³é³ï ÓÛáõÝ. ËÇëï ë³éݳٳÝÇù. try ~, try
harangue [hə΄ræŋ] 1. n ٻͳËáëáõÃÛáõÝ, one`s ~ best ß³ï ç³Ýù ó÷»É. think ~ ÙÇ
ß³Õ³Ïñ³ï³Ýù. 2. v ׳ٳñï³Ï»É, Ù»Í- ɳí Ùï³Í»É. It will go ~ with him ¸³ Ýñ³Ý
Ù»Í Ëáë»É. He ~d for hours on that subject ܳ ͳÝñ ÏÝëïÇ. drink ~ Ãáõݹ ËÙ»É. (ÙáïÇÏ,
»ñϳñ ׳ٳñï³ÏáõÙ ¿ñ ³Û¹ ûٳÛÇ Ùáï) The car followed ~ behind Ø»ù»Ý³Ý
ßáõñçÁ: ÏñÝϳÏáË Ñ»ï¨áõÙ ¿ñ. take smth pretty ~
harass [΄hærəs] v ݻջÉ, ë³ëïÇÏ Ñá·Ý»ó- ³í»ÉÇ ù³Ý ͳÝñ ÁݹáõÝ»É/ï³Ý»É:
Ý»É, áõųëå³é ³Ý»É. Çñ³í. ³ÝѳݷÁë- hard-and-fast [΄ha:dənfa:st] a a ~ rule/deci-
ï³óÝ»É: sion ³ÝÑáÕ¹áÕ¹ ϳÝáÝ/áñáßáõÙ:
harassed [΄hærəst] a áõųëå³é (»Õ³Í), hard back [΄ha:dbæk] n Ïáßï/³Ùáõñ ϳ½-
Ñá·Ý³Í: Ùáí ·Çñù:
harbinger [΄ha:bindзə] n ݳ˳·áõß³Ï, hard-bitten [‚ha:d΄bitn] a ¹ÇÙ³óÏáõÝ. ïá-
Éñ³μ»ñ: ÏáõÝ, ϳÛáõÝ. ~ old man/devil ÷Ëμ. ÷áñÓ-
harbour [΄ha:bə] n ݳí³Ñ³Ý·Çëï. ³å³ë- í³Í Ù³ñ¹:
ï³ñ³Ý, ûè³Ý. ÷Ëμ. å³ßïå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. hard-boiled [‚ha:d΄bɔild] a åÇݹ ˳߳Í.
~ master ݳí³Ñ³Ý·ëïÇ å»ï. ~ dues ݳ- ÷Ëμ. ËÇëï, ã³ñ. ³Ù. ÷áñÓí³Í, Ïá÷í³Í.
í³Ñ³Ý·ëïÇ Ù³ùë: ~ egg åÇݹ Ë³ß³Í Óáõ. ~ man ã³ñ Ù³ñ¹:
harbour [΄ha:bə] v ݳí³Ñ³Ý·ëïáõ٠˳- hard core [‚ha:d΄kɔ:] a ËÇëï, ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ.
ñÇëË ·ó»É. ³å³ëï³Ý ï³É óùóÝ»É, ~ addict ³ÝáõÕÕ»ÉÇ/ÙáÉÇ ÃÙñ³ÙáÉ:
å³Ñ»É. ~ a criminal á×ñ³·áñÍÇÝ Ã³ùóÝ»É. hard-earned [‚ha:d΄ə:nd] a ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ
~ a grudge against smn Ù»ÏÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ ³ß˳ï³Í/Ó»éù μ»ñí³Í. ~ money ¹Åí³ñ
íÇñ³íáñ³Ýù/áË å³Ñ»É: ³ß˳ï³Í ÷áÕ:
harbourage [΄ha:bəridз] n ݳí³Ï³Û³Ý. harden [΄ha:dn] v åݹ³Ý³É, ϳñÍñ³Ý³É.
å³ïëå³ñ³Ý, ûè³Ý:
åݹ³óÝ»É, ϳñÍñ³óÝ»É. ~ steel åáÕå³ïÁ
hard [ha:d] a åÇݹ, ϳñÍñ, ³Ùáõñ, Ïáßï. ~ Ïá÷»É. ~ troops ÷Ëμ. Ù³ñ½»É/í³ñÅ»óÝ»É
bed/chair ãáñ Ù³Ñ׳ϳÉ/³Ãáé. ~ ground
½ÇÝíáñÝ»ñÇÝ: Cement has ~ed ò»Ù»ÝïÁ
åÇݹ ·»ïÇÝ/ÑáÕ. ~ water Ïáßï çáõñ. the ~
åݹ³ó»É ¿. (¹³Å³Ý³Ý³É, ³ÝáÕáù ¹³é-
sign É»½í. ÏáßïáõÃÛ³Ý Ýß³Ý (éáõë. Ú ï³éÁ)
ݳÉ) His expression ~ed ¸»ÙùÇ ³ñï³Ñ³Û-
ͳÝñ, ¹Åí³ñ. a ~ task ¹Åí³ñ ËݹÇñ. ~ to
ïáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ëëï³ó³í/¹³Å³Ý³ó³í. ~ one’s
say ¹Åí³ñ ¿ ³ë»É. he’s ~ to please Ýñ³Ý
heart ëÇñïÁ ϳñÍñ³Ý³É/³ÝáÕáù ¹³éݳÉ.
¹Åí³ñ ¿ ·áѳóÝ»É. (ËÇëï, ¹³Å³Ý) a ~ fa-
a ~ed criminal ³ÝáõÕÕ»ÉÇ Ñ³Ýó³·áñÍ:
ther/heart ËÇëï ѳÛñ, ¹³Å³Ý ëÇñï. ~ facts
³Ý³é³ñÏ»ÉÇ/¹³Å³Ý ÷³ëï»ñ. a ~ climate/
hard-featured [‚ha:d΄fit∫əd] a Ïáåï³¹»Ù,
ÏáåÇï ¹ÇÙ³·Í»ñáí:
winter Ëëï³ßáõÝã ÏÉÇÙ³/ÓÙ»é. (áõÅ»Õ,
Ãáõݹ) a ~ blow áõÅ»Õ Ñ³ñí³Í. a ~ liquor
hard-fisted [‚ha:d΄fistid] a Åɳï, ·ÍáõÍ:
Ãáõݹ ËÙÇãù. a ~ worker ç³Ý³ë»ñ ³ß˳-
hard-fought [΄ha:d΄fɔ:t] a ϳï³ÕÇ,
ïáÕ. a ~ drinker Ãáõݹ ѳñμ»óáÕ. (ï³ñμ»ñ ѳٳé (Ù³ñï):
û·ï.) ~ of hearing ͳÝñ³Ï³Ýç, ͳÝñ ÉëáÕ. hard-headed [‚ha:d΄hedid] a ·áñÍݳϳÝ,
be ~ on smb ³Ý³ñ¹³ñ ÉÇÝ»É Ù»ÏÇ Ýϳï- ë³éÁ Ùï³ÍáÕ. ÙÇ μ³ÝÇó É³í ·ÉáõË Ñ³-
Ù³Ùμ. ~ up Ý»Õ/¹Åí³ñÇÝ Ï³óáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç. ÝáÕ. a ~ businessman ·áñÍݳϳÝ/áÕç³ÙÇï
have ~ luck μ³ËïÁ ãμ»ñ»É. ~ currency ϳ- ·áñͳñ³ñ£
ÛáõÝ ï³ñ³¹ñ³Ù. ~ labour ï³Å³Ý³ÏÇñ ³ß- hard-hearted [‚ha:d΄ha:tid] a ãáñ, ϳñÍ-
˳ï³Ýù. pay in ~ cash ϳÝËÇÏ ¹ñ³Ùáí ñ³ëÇñï, ³ÝëÇñï, ³Ý·áõÃ:
í׳ñ»É. ÑÙÏñ·. Ùßï³Ï³Ý, ³Ùáõñ, Ïáßï. ~ hardihood [΄ha:dihud] n ù³çáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳ-
copy ïå³·ñ³Ï³Ý ÏñÏÝûñÇݳÏ. ~ disk Ù³ñÓ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ѳݹ·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
Ïáßï ëϳí³é³Ï. ~ error Ùßï³Ï³Ý ë˳É. hardily [΄ha:dili] adv ù³ç³μ³ñ, ³ñdzμ³ñ:
~ page break ¿çÇ ËÇëï ë³ÑÙ³Ý: hardiness [΄ha:dinəs] n ù³çáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ñÇáõ-
hard [ha:d] adv áõÅ·ÇÝ ³Ùáõñ Ï»ñåáí. ѳë- ÃÛáõÝ. ¹ÇÙ³óÏáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ïáÏáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
ï³ï³å»ë. pull ~ áõÅ·ÇÝ Ó·»É/ù³ß»É. rain- hardly [΄ha:dli] adv ѳ½Çí. ѳ½Çí/¹Åí³ñ
hardness 385 harsh

û. We had ~ left the house г½Çí ¿ÇÝù ï³- ÙÇ í³ï μ³Ý ãå³ï³Ñ»É get into ~, come to
ÝÇó ¹áõñë »Ï»É. They had ~ recognized you ~ ÷áñÓ³ÝùÇ Ù»ç ÁÝÏÝ»É. keep out of ~s way
Üñ³Ýù ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ ׳ݳã»óÇÝ ù»½. ã³ñÇùÇó/÷áñÓ³ÝùÇó Ëáõë³÷»É. bodily ~
He’ll ~ come now ¸Åí³ñ û ݳ ÑÇÙ³ ·³. ~ Ù³ñÙÝ³Ï³Ý íݳëí³Íù. intentional ~ ϳÝ-
anybody stayed behind гٳñÛ³ áã áù Ñ»ï ˳Ùï³Íí³Í íݳëí³Íù. The storm did a lot
ãÙݳó: of ~ öáÃáñÇÏÁ Ù»Í ÏáñáõëïÝ»ñ å³ï׳-
hardness [΄ha:dnəs] n åݹáõÃÛáõÝ, ϳñÍ- é»ó:
ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ¹ÇÙ³óÏáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ. harm [ha:m] v íݳë»É, íݳë ï³É. íݳë
hardshell [΄ha:d∫el] a ³Ýë³ë³Ý, ³Ý¹ñ¹í»- ѳëóÝ»É:
ÉÇ. ³ÝÏáïñáõÙ: harmful [΄ha:mfl] a íݳë³Ï³ñ, íï³Ý·³-
hardship [΄ha:d∫ip] n ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, Ý»Õáõ- íáñ, Ïáñëï³μ»ñ:
ÃÛáõÝ. ½ñϳÝù, ϳñÇù. undergo ~s ¹Åí³ñáõ- harmless [΄ha:mləs] a ³Ýíݳë, ³Ýíï³Ý·.
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ Ïñ»É. suffer many ~s ß³ï ï³é³- a ~ prank ³Ýíݳë ˳Õ. a ~ snake áã Ãáõ-
å»É. unavoidable ~ ³ÝËáõë³÷»ÉÇ ¹Åí³- ݳínñ ûÓ. ~ error áã ¿³Ï³Ý/Éáõñç ë˳É:
ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: harmonic [ha:΄mɒnik] a Ý»ñ¹³ßݳÏ, μ³-
hard-up [‚ha:d΄Λp] a ËÇëï ϳñÇù³íáñ. ñ»ÑÝãÛáõÝ. ѳٳã³÷:
Ý»ÕÝ ÁÝϳÍ. ¹Åí³ñÇÝ Ï³óáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç harmonica [ha:΄mɒnikə] n ѳñÙáÝ, ³Ïáñ-
ÁÝϳÍ: ¹»áÝ:
hardware [΄ha:dweə] n »ñϳûջÝ, »ñϳ- harmonious [ha:΄məuniəs] a Ý»ñ¹³ßݳÏ,
û Çñ»ñ. ~ shop ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ã³÷. μ³ñ»ÑÝãÛáõÝ:
˳ÝáõÃ. ÑÙÏñ·. ³å³ñ³ï³ÛÇÝ ë³ñù³- harmonize [΄ha:mənaiz] v Ý»ñ¹³ßݳϻÉ,
íáñáõÙ. ~ division ³å³ñ³ï³ÛÇÝ μ³- ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý ÉÇÝ»É. ~ with Ý»ñ¹³ß-
ųÝáõÙ. ~ environment ³å³ñ³ï³ÛÇÝ ÙÇ- Ý³Ï ÉÇÝ»É:
ç³í³Ûñ. ~ error ëË³É ³å³ñ³ïáõñ³ÛáõÙ. ~ harmonization [‚ha:mənai΄zei∫n] n ѳٳ-
support ³å³ñ³ï³ÛÇÝ ³ç³ÏóáõÙ: å³ï³ë˳ݻóáõÙ:
hard wearing [‚ha:d΄weəriŋ] a ¹ÇÙ³óÏáõÝ, harmony [΄ha:məni] n »ñÅß. Ý»ñ¹³ßݳÏáõ-
áõß Ù³ßíáÕ. This material is ~ ²Ûë ÝÛáõÃÁ ÃÛáõÝ, μ³ñ»ÑÝãÛáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ. be in ~ with smb
ß³ï ¹ÇÙ³óÏáõÝ ¿, ãÇ Ù³ßíáõÙ: ѳٻñ³ßË ÉÇÝ»É, É»½áõ ·ïÝ»É áñ¨¿ Ù»ÏÇ
hardwood [΄ha:dwud] n ϳñÍñ ÷³Ûï³- Ñ»ï:
ÝÛáõÃ: harness [΄ha:nis] 1. n Éͳë³ñù. in ~ ³ß˳-
hardy [΄ha:di] a ѳٳñÓ³Ï, ³Ýí³Ë. ¹Ç- ï³ÝùÇ Ù»ç. die in ~ ÷Ëμ. å³ßïáÝÁ ϳ-
Ù³óÏáõÝ, åÇݹ, ϳÛáõÝ: ï³ñ»ÉÇë/³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ Ù»ç Ù»éÝ»É: 2. v
hare [heə] n ݳå³ëï³Ï. Hold with the ~ and ÉÍ»É. ë³ÝÓ»É, ѳÕóѳñ»É. ~ natural re-
run with the hounds ºñϹÇÙÇ Ë³Õ Ë³Õ³É, sources ÷Ëμ. μÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ñëïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ/
ØÇ³Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ¨° áñëáñ¹, ¨° áñë ÉÇÝ»É. ³ÕμÛáõñÝ»ñÝ û·ï³·áñÍ»É:
hare-brained [΄heəbreind] a ѳíÇ Ë»Éù harp [ha:p] n ï³íÇÕ.
áõݻݳÉ. ûè³ÙÇï, ³ÝËáÑ»Ù: harp [ha:p] v ï³íÇÕ Ýí³·»É. ~ on ÷Ëμ.
hare-lip [‚heə΄lip] n μÅßÏ. åé³ï ßñÃáõÝù: ³ÝÁݹѳï ÝáõÛÝ μ³ÝÁ ÏñÏÝ»É, ÙÇßï ÝáõÛÝ
haricot [΄hærikəu] n Ùëáí ¨ μ³Ýç³ñ»Õ»Ýáí »ñ·Á »ñ·»É:
׳ß. ~ bean ÉáμÇ: harper [΄ha:pə], harpist [΄ha:pist] n ï³í-
hark [ha:k] v Éë»É, ³Ï³Ýç ¹Ý»É. H~ ! êá°õë, ճѳñ:
³Ï³°Ýç ³ñ³. ~ back to old times ³ÝóÛ³ÉÇÝ harpoon [ha:΄pu:n] n áñëáñ¹³Ï³Ý »é³Å³-
í»ñ³¹³éݳÉ: ÝÇ, áñë³ï»·£
harlequin [΄ha:ləkwin] n óïñ. Ë»Õ- harpsichord [΄ha:psikɔ:d] n ÏɳíÇÏáñ¹,
ϳï³Ï, ͳÕñ³Íáõ. ³éÉ»ÏÇÝ: Ñݳï»ë³Ï ¹³ßݳÙáõñ:
harlot [΄ha:lət] n ͳËáõ ÏÇÝ, åáéÝÇÏ: harrow [΄hærəu] n ó³ù³Ý. under the ~ Ý»-
harm [ha:m] n íݳë, Ïáñáõëï, ã³ñÇù. do ÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç:
smb ~/much ~ íݳë»É/Ù»Í íݳë ѳëóÝ»É. do harsh [ha:∫] a ͳÏáÕ, ³Ý¹áõñ. ÏáåÇï, ³Ý-
no ~ íݳë ãï³É, ãíݳë»É. come to no ~ áã ï³ß, μÇñï, ¹³Å³Ý, ËÇëï. ~ voice/cont-
harshness 386 haughty

rast/light/wind ͳÏáÕ Ó³ÛÝ, ëáõñ ѳϳëáõ- μáñμáù μݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ:


ÃÛáõÝ. ͳÏáÕ ÉáõÛë. ³Ý¹áõñ/ͳÏáÕ ù³ÙÇ. ~ hat [hæt] n ·É˳ñÏ. felt/straw/stylish/old-fash-
words ïѳ×/ËÇëï μ³é»ñ. ~ winter/punish- ioned/cocked ~ ý»ïñÇ/ÍÕáï»/Ùá¹³ÛÇÏ/ Ñݳ-
ment ¹³Å³Ý ÓÙ»é, ËÇëï å³ïÇÅ. ~ lan- á×/ »é³ÝÏÛáõÝ ·É˳ñÏ. woolen/fur/knitted ~
guage ÏïñáõÏ ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. a ~ μñ¹Û³/Ùáñû/·áñÍ³Í ·É˳ñÏ. gipsy ~ ɳÛ-
judge ËÇëï ¹³ï³íáñ: Ý»½ñ, ÍÕáï» ·É˳ñÏ. silk/top ~ óÇÉÇݹñ.
harshness [΄ha:∫nəs] n ËëïáõÃÛáõÝ, Ïáå- hang up one’s ~ »ñϳñ ÙݳÉ/Ýëï»É. ~ depart-
ïáõÃÛáõÝ, ¹³Å³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: ment ·É˳ñÏÝ»ñÇ μ³ÅÇÝ. keep on one’s ~
hartshorn [΄ha:tshɔ:n] n »ÕçÛáõñ, Ïáïáß ·É˳ñÏÁ ãѳݻÉ. pass the ~ ѳݷ³Ý³Ïáõ-
(»Õç»ñáõÇ): ÃÛáõÝ Ï³ï³ñ»É: touch one’s ~ to smb μ³ñ¨»É
harum-scarum [‚heərəm΄skeərəm]1. n ³Ý- ·É˳ñÏÁ ѳݻÉáí. talk through one’s ~
ѳݷÇëï/Ë»ÝÃ/˻ɳé Ù³ñ¹. 2. a ³ÝѳÝ- ³ÝѻûÃáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ¹áõñë ï³É. an old ~
·Çëï, Ë»ÝÃ, ˻ɳé. a ~ child ã³ñ³××Ç ËëÏó. ß³ï ÑÇÝ ³Ý»Ï¹áï. ~ box ·É˳ñÏÇ
»ñ»Ë³: ïáõ÷. ~ brim ·É˳ñÏÇ »½ñ. brimmed ~ ɳÛ-
harvest [΄ha:vist] n ÑáõÝÓ, μ»ñù, μ»ñù³- Ý»½ñ ·É˳ñÏ:
ѳí³ù. a bumper/poor ~ ѳñáõëï/³Õù³ï hatch I [hæt∫] n Ùïáó. ÙïáóÇ ¹éݳÏ. ÷³-
μ»ñù. wheat ~ óáñ»ÝÇ μ»ñù: ϳÝ, ϳ÷³ñÇã:
harvest [΄ha:vist] v μ»ñùÁ ѳí³ù»É, ÑÝÓ»É. hatch II [hæt∫] n ×áõï/Ó³· ѳݻÉÁ. ×ï»ñ,
~ rice/wheat μñÇÝÓÁ/óáñ»ÝÁ ѳí³ù»É. ÷Ëμ. Ó³·»ñ.
·áñÍÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÁ ï»ëÝ»É. ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ hatch [hæt∫] v ÃáõËë Ýëï»É, ×ï»ñ ѳݻÉ.
åïáõÕÁ ù³Õ»É: ÓíÇó ¹áõñë ·³É. Íñ³·ñ»É, ÙïùÇÝ ¹Ý»É. ~
harvester [΄ha:vistə] n ÑÝÓíáñ, ù³Õíáñ. eggs/chickens Óáõ ³Í»É, ×ï»ñ ѳݻÉ. ~ a plot
ÑÝÓÇã, ÑÝÓáÕ Ù»ù»Ý³: ¹³í ÝÛáõûÉ:
hash [hæ∫] n Ù³Ýñ Ïïñïí³Í ÙëÇó Ï»ñ³- hatcher [΄hæt∫ə] n ÃáõËë, ÃËëÏ³Ý Ñ³í.
ÇÝÏáõμ³ïáñ. ÷Ëμ. ¹³í³¹Çñ, μ³Ýë³ñÏáõ:
Ïáõñ. ˳éÝáõñ¹, ßÇɳ÷ɳí. ˳éݳß÷á-
ÃáõÃÛáõÝ. make a ~ of the job ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã Ë××»É
hatchet [΄hæt∫it] n ÷áùñ ϳóÇÝ. dig up the ~
÷Ëμ. å³ï»ñ³½ÙÇ å³ïñ³ëïí»ÉÁ. take up
/˳éݳß÷áûÉ:
the ~ å³ï»ñ³½Ù ëÏë»É. bury the ~ ѳßïáõ-
hasher [΄hæ∫ə] n Ùë³Õ³ó: ÃÛáõÝ ÏÝù»É:
hasp [ha:sp]1. n ëáÕݳÏ. ÷³Ï³Ý. ÏÍÇÏ. 2. v hatchet-face [‚hæt∫it΄feis] n ëáõñ ·Í»ñáí
ëáÕݳϻÉ, ÝÇ·áí ÷³Ï»É.
»ñϳñ ¹»Ùù:
hassock [΄hæsək] n μ³ñÓÇÏ íñ³Ý Ýëï»- hate [heit] v ³ï»É, ½½í»É. ËëÏó. ãëÇñ»É,
Éáõ/ÍÝÏ»Éáõ/ãáù»Éáõ ѳٳñ. ËáïÇ ËáõñÓ/
ãѳݹáõñÅ»É. ~ lie/war ³ï»É ëáõïÁ/ å³ï»-
÷áõÝç/ϳå:
ñ³½ÙÁ. I ~ to get up early â»Ù ëÇñáõÙ ³é³-
haste [heist] n ßï³åáճϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ÷nõÃ- íáïÛ³Ý í³Õ ³ñÃݳݳÉ. I ~ to hurt your feel-
ÏáïáõÃÛáõÝ. make ~ ³ñ³·³óÝ»É. ßï³å»É.
ings ´áÉáñáíÇÝ ã»Ù áõ½áõÙ íÇñ³íáñ»É
Why all this ~? ÆÝãá±õ »ù ³Û¹å»ë ßï³åáõÙ. Ó»½/Ó»ñ ½·³óÙáõÝùÝ»ñÁ:
In my ~ I forgot Þï³å»Éáõó Ùáé³ó»É »Ù: hate [heit] n ³ï»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ, ½½í³Ýù, ·³ñ-
hasten [΄heisn] v ßï³å»óÝ»É, ³ñ³·³óÝ»É. ß³Ýù:
ßï³å»É ~ a process ·áñÍÁÝóóÁ ³ñ³·³ó- hateful [΄heitfl] a ³ï»ÉÇ, ½½í»ÉÇ, ·³ñß»ÉÇ.
Ý»É. ~ home ïáõÝ ßï³å»É. ~ to apologize that ~ alarm-clock ³Û¹ ³ï»ÉÇ ½³ñÃáõóÇãÁ:
ßï³å»É Ý»ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ Ëݹñ»É: Ñater [΄heitə] n ³ïáÕ ³ÝÓ:
hastily [΄heistili] adv ³ñ³·/ßï³å Ï»ñåáí. hatless [΄hætləs] a ³Ý·É˳ñÏ, ·É˳μ³ó:
ßï³åáí. ãÙï³Íí³Í: hat-rack [΄hætræk] n ·É˳ñÏÇ Ï³Ë³ñ³Ý:
hastiness [΄heistinəs] n ßï³åáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, hatred [΄heitrid] n ³ï»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ, ÃßݳÙáõ-
³ÝËáÑ»ÙáõÃÛáõÝ. ï³ù³ñÛáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ: ÃÛáõÝ:
hasty [΄heisti] a ³ñ³·, ѳå×»å. ãÙï³Í- hatter [΄hætə] n ·É˳ñϳ·áñÍ, ·É˳ñϳ-
í³Í, ãÏßé³¹³ïí³Í. a ~ glance/departure/de- í³×³é:
cision ³ñ³· ѳ۳óù. ѳå×»å Ù»ÏÝáõÙ. haughtiness [΄hɔ:tinəs] n ³Ùμ³ñï³í³Ýáõ-
ãÙï³Íí³Í áñáßáõÙ. a ~ temper ¹Ûáõñ³- ÃÛáõÝ, ·áéá½áõÃÛáõÝ, ÇÝùݳѳí³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
haul 387 hay-fork

haughty [΄hɔ:ti] a ³Ùμ³ñï³í³Ý. ·áéá½. to translate this article ä»ïù ¿ óñ·Ù³Ý»Ù


ٻͳÙÇï: ³Ûë Ñá¹í³ÍÁ. (ó³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ) Which ring will
haul [hɔ:l] n Ó·áõÙ, ù³ñßáõÙ, ÷á˳¹ñáõÙ. you ~? à±ñ Ù³ï³ÝÇÝ Ïí»ñóÝ»ë. as ill luck
ÓÏ³Ý áñë: would ~ it ϳñÍ»ë ¹ÇïÙ³Ùμ. I won’t ~ it ºë
haul [hɔ:l] v Ó·»É, ù³ß»É, ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ ¹³ ÃáõÛÉ ã»Ù ï³. I won’t ~ you leave ºë ÃáõÛÉ
ß³ñÅ»É. ÷á˳¹ñ»É. The tractor was ~ing logs ã»Ù ï³, áñ ¹áõ ·Ý³ë. (å³ï׳é³Ï³Ý) ~
îñ³ÏïáñÁ ·»ñ³ÝÝ»ñ ¿ñ ù³ñß ï³ÉÇë. ~ in one’s hair cut/photo taken/shoes repaired Ù³½»-
nets áõéϳÝÁ ³÷ ѳݻÉ. ~ down a flag ¹ñáßÁ ñÁ Ïïñ»É ï³É. Ýϳñí»É. ÏáßÇÏÝ»ñÁ í»ñ³-
Çç»óÝ»É. ~ smb over the coals ËëÏó., ÷Ëμ. Ýáñá·»É ï³É. had better/rather ³í»ÉÇ ßáõï/
Ù»ÏÇÝ ËÇëï ѳݹÇٳݻÉ. ~ on a rope å³- ɳí ÏÉÇÝ»ñ, áñ. You had better go there ²í»ÉÇ
ñ³Ýáí Ó·»É/ù³ß»É: É³í ¿ ¹áõù ·Ý³ù ³ÛÝï»Õ. The papers ~ it
haulage [΄hɔ:lidз] n Ó·áõÙ, ù³ßùß»Éáí ï³- that... »ñûñÁ åݹáõÙ »Ý, áñ... ~ no doubt
Ý»ÉÁ, ÷á˳¹ñáõÙ. H~ is expensive öá˳¹- ϳëÏ³Í ãáõݻݳÉ. I’ve had it! ´³í³Ï³Ý ¿,
ñáõÙÁ óÝÏ ¿: Ïáõßï »Ù. ѳÝÓÝíáõÙ »Ù. H~ it your own way
haulm [hɔ:m] n óáÕáõÝ. ÍÕáï (ï³ÝÇùÁ ²ñ³ ÇÝãå»ë Ïáõ½»ë, Ùï³ÍÇñ ÇÝã Ïáõ½»ë.
ͳÍÏ»Éáõ ѳٳñ): ~ a good time ɳí Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ³ÝóϳóÝ»É. ~
haunch [hɔ:nt∫] n ³½¹ñ, ½Çëï. Ñ»ï¨Ç áïù. on Ïñ»É, ѳ·Ý»É. ~ a hat on ·ÉËÇÝ ·É˳ñÏ
μáõ¹. a ~ of venison ÑáñÃÇ ³½¹ñ/μáõ¹. sit on ÉÇÝ»É. ~ spectacles on ³ÏÝáó Ïñ»É. ~ out ÷Ëμ.
the ~es åå½»É: å³ñ½»É, ùÝݳñÏ»É. We had it out with him
haunt [hɔ:nt] n Ùßï³Ï³Ý ѳ׳˳í³Ûñ/ Ø»Ýù ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã å³ñ½»óÇÝù, He had a tooth
³å³ëï³ñ³Ý. áñç. μáõÛÝ (·áÕ»ñÇ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ): out Üñ³ ³ï³ÙÁ Ñ»é³óñÇÝ. ~ up ¹³ï³-
haunt [hɔ:nt] v Ñ³×³Ë ³Ûó»É»É. Ñ»ï³- å³ñï»É. 2. n ~s and ~ nots ËëÏó, áõݨáñ-
åݹ»É, ѳɳͻÉ. ·³É. A ghost ~s this house Ý»ñÁ ¨ ãáõݨáñÝ»ñÁ£
²Ûë ï³ÝÁ áõñí³Ï³Ý ϳ. be ~ed by re- haven [΄heivn] n ݳí³Ñ³Ý·Çëï. Çñ³í.
morse/memories ËÇÕ×Á ï³Ýç»É. ÑÇßáÕáõ- ³å³ëï³ñ³Ý tax ~ ѳñϳÛÇÝ ³å³ëï³-
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó Ñ»ï³åݹí»É: ñ³Ý (ó³Íñ ѳñÏ»ñ):
haunted [΄hɔ:ntid] a ϳ˳ñ¹í³Í. a ~ house haversack [΄hævəsæk] n Ù»çùÇ å³ñÏ/å³-
áõñí³Ï³ÝÝ»ñáí ïáõÝ: Ûáõë³Ï:
haunter [΄hɔ:ntə] n Ùßï³Ï³Ý ѳ׳Ëáñ¹, havoc [΄hævək] n ÏáñͳÝáõÙ, ³í»ñáõÙ,
³Ûó»Éáõ: ³í»ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. The storm caused terrible ~
hautboy [΄əubɔi] n ÑáμáÛ (÷áÕ³íáñ öáÃáñÇÏÁ ß³ï ³í»ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ å³ï-
»ñ³Åßï³Ï³Ý ·áñÍÇù): ׳é»ó. The wind played ~ with my hair ø³ÙÇÝ
have [hæv, həv] 1. v áõݻݳÉ. ~ two sons »ñ- ·½·½»ó Ù³½»ñë:
Ïáõ áñ¹Ç áõݻݳÉ. ~ a good memory ɳí haw [hɔ:] n ³Éá×, ³Éá×»ÝÇ. ï»°ë ݳ¨
ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ. ~ a visitor ³Ûó»Éáõ hawthorn:
áõݻݳÉ. all I ~ ÇÝã áñ áõÝ»Ù. (áõÝ»ó³Í – hawk [hɔ:k] n ϻݹ. μ³½». ÷Ëμ. ·Çß³ïÇã,
ãáõÝ»ó³Íë). ~ time Å³Ù³Ý³Ï áõݻݳÉ. ~ no ѳ÷ßï³ÏÇã.
words μ³é»ñ ã·ïÝ»É. ~ no one to talk to Ù»ÏÁ hawk [hɔ:k] v μ³½»áí áñë ³Ý»É:
ãϳ, áñ Ñ»ïÁ Ëáë»ë. ~ no objection ³é³ñ- hawker I [΄hɔ:kə] n μ³½»áí áñë ³ÝáÕÁ:
ÏáõÃÛáõÝ ãáõݻݳÉ. ~ a success ѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ hawker II [΄hɔ:kə] n ßñçÇÏ Ù³Ýñ³í³×³é.
áõݻݳÉ. ~ the cheek ѳݹ·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»- ã³ñãÇ. ÷áÕáóÇ ³é¨ïñ³Ï³Ý:
ݳÉ. (ëï³Ý³É, Ó»éù μ»ñ»É) ~ a letter Ý³Ù³Ï hawk-eyed [΄hɔ:kaid] a ëñ³ï»ë. ÷Ëμ.
ëï³Ý³É. This is to be had on the market ê³ ½·áÝ, ³ã³Éáõñç:
ϳñ»ÉÇ ¿ Ó»éù μ»ñ»É ßáõϳÛáõÙ. ~ a headache hawser [΄hɔ:zə] n å³ñ³Ý, ×áå³Ý£
·É˳ó³í áõݻݳÉ. ~ measels ϳñÙñáõÏáí hawthorn [΄hɔ:θɔ:n] n ³Éá×»ÝÇ:
ÑÇí³Ý¹³Ý³É. ~ a cold ѳñμáõË áõݻݳÉ. ~ hay [hei] n Ëáï (ãáñ). v Ëáï ÑÝÓ»É. hit the ~
breakfast/dinner/supper ݳ˳׳߻É/׳߻É/ ËëÏó. å³éÏ»É ùÝ»É. Make ~ while the sun
ÁÝÃñ»É. Will you ~ some more coffee? ¾ÉÇ shines ºñϳÃÁ ï³ù-ï³ù ÏͻͻÝ:
ëáõñ× Ïáõ½»±ù. ~ to å³ñï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. I ~ hay fever [΄heifi:və] n »ÕÝç³ï»Ý¹. ³É»ñ-
hayloft 388 head

·Ç³: his ~ ¶ÇÝÇÝ ·ÉáõËÁ/·ÉËÇÝ Ë÷»ó. Success


hay-fork [΄hei‚fɔ:k] n »Õ³Ý: has gone to his ~ гçáÕáõÃÛáõÝÇó ·ÉáõËÁ
hayloft [΄heilɒft] n Ëáï³Ýáó: åïïí»ó. twenty ~ of cattle ùë³Ý ·ÉáõË
haymaker [΄heimeikə] n Ëáïѳñ, Ëáïѳñ ³Ý³ëáõÝ. two dollars a/per ~ Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ
Ù»ù»Ý³: ßÝãÇÝ »ñÏáõ ¹áɳñ. win by a ~ ÙÇ ·ÉáõË
haymaking [΄heimeikiŋ] n ËáïÑáõÝÓ. Ëáï- ³é³ç ÁÝÏÝ»É. be taller by a ~ ÙÇ ·ÉáõË
ѳñù: μ³ñÓñ ÉÇÝ»É. be ~ and shoulders above ÷Ëμ.
Ñayrick [΄heirik] n (ݳ¨ haystack) ËáïÇ (μáÉáñÇó) ÙÇ ·ÉáõË μ³ñÓñ ÉÇÝ»É. (·ÉáõË,
¹»½, μ³ñ¹: ջϳí³ñ) the ~ of a state/family å»ïáõ-
haywire [΄heiwaiə] a, adv ËëÏó. The televi- ÃÛ³Ý/ÁÝï³ÝÇùÇ Õ»Ï³í³ñ. ~ editor ·É˳-
sion has gone ~ лéáõëï³óáõÛóÁ ³Ýë³ñù ¿: íáñ ËÙμ³·Çñ. ~ nurse ³í³· ùáõÛñ. ~ book-
hazard [΄hæzəd] n íï³Ý·Ç »ÝóñÏ»É, μ³Ë- keeper ·É˳íáñ ѳßí³å³Ñ. under this ~
ï³Ë³ÕÇ ¹Ý»É. run/stand the ~ of íï³Ý·Ç ³Ûë ջϳí³ñÇ Ý»ñùá. ~ of a department
»ÝóñÏ»É, éÇëÏ ³Ý»É. moral ~ μ³ñáÛ³Ï³Ý μ³ÅÝÇ å»ï. ~ of the class ¹³ë³ñ³ÝÇ ³é³-
íï³Ý·. at all ~ s ³Ù»Ý ·Ýáí: çÇÝ ³ß³Ï»ñïÁ. (³é³çݳٳë, ·É˳ٳë)
hazard [΄hæzəd] v íï³Ý·Ç »ÝóñÏ»É, μ³Ë- at the ~ of ·ÉáõËÝ ³Ýó³Í. the ~ of expedition
ï³Ë³ÕÇ ¹Ý»É. ~ one’s life ÏÛ³ÝùÁ íï³Ý·Ç ·Çï³ñß³íÇ Õ»Ï³í³ñÁ. at the ~ of the table
»ÝóñÏ»É. ~ the remark ѳٳñÓ³Ïí»É Ýϳ- ë»Õ³ÝÇ ·É˳í»ñ¨áõÙ. at the ~ of a page ¿çÇ
ï»É: ëϽμáõÙ. at the ~ of the bed Ù³Ñ׳ϳÉÇ
hazardous [΄hæzədəs] a íï³Ý·³íáñ. ~ oc- ·É˳í»ñ¨áõÙ. be the ~ of a field Ùñ½. ³é³-
cupation/work íï³Ý·³íáñ ½μ³ÕÙáõÝù/³ß- çÇÝÁ ÉÇÝ»É. (³é³ñϳݻñ) a ~ of cabbage ÙÇ
˳ï³Ýù: ·ÉáõË Ï³Õ³Ùμ. a ~ of a pin/flower/nail ùáñá-
haze [heiz] n Ù»·, Ùßáõß. ûè Ù³é³ËáõÕ: óÇ/ͳÕÇÏÇ/Ù»ËÇ ·ÉËÇÏ ~ of an axe ϳóÝÇ
hazel [΄heizl] n åݹáõÏ»ÝÇ, Ã÷³Ï³ÕÝÇ. ϳ- ·ÉáõË. a glass of beer with a ~ ÙÇ μ³Å³Ï ·³-
ÕÇÝ, åݹáõÏ: ñ»çáõñ ÷ñ÷áõñáí. (Ë»Éù) a clear ~ å³Ûͳé
hazel [΄heizl] a ß³·³Ý³Ï³·áõÛÝ. ~ eyes ÙÇïù. count in one’s ~ Ùïùáõ٠ѳßí»É. off
˳Å/ ß³·³Ý³Ï³·áõÛÝ ³ãù»ñ: one’s ~ Ë»ÉùÁ ï»ÕáõÙ ãÉÇÝ»É. It’s above my ~
hazel-hen [΄heizlhen] n ³Ýï³é³Ï³ù³í, Æ٠ѳëϳóáÕáõÃÛáõÝÇó í»ñ ¿. have a good ~
ϳÕÝ³Ñ³í£ É³í/Ë»Éáù ·ÉáõË áõݻݳÉ. Use your ~! ȳí
hazel-nut [΄heizlnΛt] n ϳÕÇÝ, åݹáõÏ: Ùï³ÍÇñ. Two ~s are better than one ØÇ Ë»ÉùÁ
haziness [΄heizinəs] n ÙÇ·³Ù³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, É³í ¿, »ñÏáõëÝ` ³í»ÉÇ É³í. It never entered
Ùßáõß³å³ïáõÃÛáõÝ: my ~ ºñμ»ù Ùïùáíë ãÇ ³Ýó»É. have an old ~
hazy [΄heizi] a Ùßáõß³å³ï, ÙÇ·³Ù³Í. ³- on young shoulders Çñ ï³ñÇùÇó ³í»ÉÇ Ë»-
Õáï. ~ weather Ùßáõß³å³ï »Õ³Ý³Ï. have ɳóÇ ÉÇÝ»É. lose one’s ~ ·ÉáõËÁ ÏáñóÝ»É. take
a ~ idea ³Õáï Ï»ñåáí å³ïÏ»ñ³óÝ»É: into one’s ~ ·ÉáõËÁ ÙïóÝ»É. go clean out of
H-bomb [΄eit∫bɒm] n çñ³ÍݳÛÇÝ éáõÙμ: one’s ~ ·ÉËÇó/ÙïùÇó ÉñÇí ¹áõñë Ãéã»É. put
HD [ha:d disk] ÑÙÏñ·. (hard disk) Ïáßï ¹ÇëÏ, ~s together ·ÉáõË ·ÉËÇ ï³É. make ~ or tail of
ëϳí³é³Ï, íÇÝã»ëï»ñ£ it μ³Ý ãѳëϳݳÉ. have a strong ~ for drink
HD [΄hai ΄densəti] (Ñigh density) μ³ñÓñ Ëïáõ- have a bit of ~ ·É˳ó³í áõݻݳÉ. On your ~
ÃÛáõÝ. be it ÂáÕ ¹³ ùá ËÕ×Ç íñ³ ÉÇÝÇ. give smn his
HDD [ha:d disk draiv] (hard disk drive) ~ ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ ³½³ïáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É.
ëϳí³é³Ï³ÏÇñ: keep one’s ~ ë³éݳëñïáõÃÛáõÝ å³Ñå³Ý»É.
he [hi:, hi] prn pers ݳ (³ñ³Ï³Ý ë»é): make ~ against ¹ÇÙ³¹ñ»É, Áݹ¹ÇٳݳÉ.
head [hed] n ·ÉáõË. from ~ to foot áïùÇó ÑÙÏñ·. ·ÉËÇÏ ³ñï³ùÇÝ ë³ñùÇ. ~ block
·ÉáõË. shake one’s ~ ·ÉáõËÁ ï³ñáõμ»ñ»É/ ·É˳íáñ μÉáÏ. ~ crash (ëϳí³é³ÏÇ)
ó÷³Ñ³ñ»É. stand on one’s ~ ·ÉËÇ íñ³ ·ÉËÇÏÇ íóñ:
ϳݷݻÉ. fall down ~ first ó³Í ÁÝÏÝ»É ·ÉËÇ head [hed] v ·É˳íáñ»É, ջϳí³ñ»É. ~ a
íñ³. put a price on smn’s ~ ·É˳·ÇÝ ¹Ý»É. delegation/movement ջϳí³ñ»É å³ïíÇñ³-
per ~ Ù»Ï ßÝãÇÝ/Ù³ñ¹áõÝ. The wine went into ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ/ß³ñÅáõÙÁ. (áõÕÕí»É, áõÕ¨áñí»É) ~
headache 389 healthy

for home ïáõÝ áõÕÕí»É. ~ for troubles ÷Ëμ. í³ñãáõÃÛáõÝ, ßï³μ. police ~ áëïÇϳݳ-
½áéáí ÷áñÓ³ÝùÇ Ù»ç ÁÝÏÝ»É: Ï³Ý í³ñãáõÃÛáõÝ:
headache [΄hedeik] n ·É˳ó³í. splitting/vi- headroom [΄hedru:m] n Ý»ñùÇÝ μ³ñÓñáõ-
olent ~ áõÅ»Õ ·É˳ó³í. This is your ~ ¸³ ùá ÃÛáõÝ. There isn’t much ~ in the cabin ì³ñáñ¹Ç
ËݹÇñÝ ¿/åñáμÉ»ÙÝ ¿. take away one’s ~ ËóÇÏÇ ³é³ëï³ÕÁ ó³Íñ ¿:
·É˳ó³íÁ ³ÝóϳóÝ»É. It will be a real ~ ¸³ headscarf [΄hedska:f] n ·É˳ßáñ£
ÙÇ Ù»Í ·É˳ó³í³Ýù/ ÙÕÓ³í³Ýç ÏÉÇÝÇ: headsman [΄hedzmən] n ¹³ÑÇ×:
headband [΄hedbænd] n ·ÉËÇ Ï³å. ·É˳- head-stall [΄hedstɔ:l] n ·É˳Ýáó. (ë³ÝÓÇ)
ųå³í»Ý: »ñ³ë³Ý³Ï:
head-dress [΄heddres] n ·É˳½³ñ¹. ë³Ýñ- headstrong [΄hedstrɒŋ] a ѳٳé, ϳٳ۳-
í³Íù: ϳÝ, ùٳѳ×:
header [΄hedə] n ·ÉËÇí³Ûñ ó³ïÏ. ÑÙÏñ·. headwater [΄hedwɔ:tə] n ³ÏáõÝù, ëÏǽμ
í»ñݳ·Çñ, ý³ÛÉÇ Õ»Ï³í³ñáÕ Ù³ë. ~ field (·»ïÇ). çñÇ Ù³Ï»ñ¨áõÛÃ:
í»ñݳ·ñÇ ¹³ßï. ~ segment í»ñݳ·ñÇ headway [΄hedwei] n ³é³çÁÝóó, ß³ñ-
ë»·Ù»Ýï: ÅáõÙ. ³é³ç˳ճóáõÙ ÷Ëμ. ³é³ç³¹ÇÙáõ-
heading [΄hediŋ] n í»ñݳ·Çñ, Ëáñ³·Çñ. ÃÛáõÝ: make ~ with one’s work ³ß˳ï³Ý-
ÁÝóóù, áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝ, Ïáõñë come/fall under ùáõÙ ³é³çÁÝóó áõݻݳÉ. make ~ against
two ~s »ñÏáõ ËÙμÇ μ³Å³Ýí»É. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ cha- the wind ù³ÙáõÝ ¹»Ù ß³ñÅí»É:
racter í»ñݳ·ñÇ ëϽμÇ Ñ³ïϳÝÇß. ~ line headwind [΄hedwind] n ѳݹÇå³Ï³ó ù³-
í»ñݳ·ñÇ ïáÕ: ÙÇ:
headland [΄hedlənd] n Ññí³Ý¹³Ý: head-work [΄hedwə:k] n Ùï³íáñ ³ß˳-
headless [΄hedləs] a ³Ý·ÉáõË. ÷Ëμ. ³Ý- ï³Ýù:
Ë»Éù, Ë»ÉùÁ å³Ï³ë: heady [΄hedi] a ß»ßï³ÏÇ, ëñÁÝóó.
headlight [΄hedlait] n (ݳ¨ headlamp) ѳå×»å. Ãáõݹ, ѳñμ»óÝáÕ. ~ wine Ãáõݹ
(³íïá, ßá·»ù³ñß) óáɳñÓ³Ï. Éáõë³ñÓ³Ï, ·ÇÝÇ:
ɳåï»ñ. full/dimmed ~s Ùáï³Ï³/Ñ»é³ñ-
heal [hi:l] v μáõÅ»É, μÅßÏ»É. ~ wounds with
Ó³Ï Éáõë³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. turn ~s on Éáõë³ñÓ³-
herbs Ëáï³μáõÛë»ñáí í»ñùÁ μáõÅ»É. Time
ÏÁ ÙdzóÝ»É. dim/dip one’s ~s ÙdzóÝ»É Ùá-
~s all sorrows ÷Ëμ. ijٳݳÏÁ ³Ù»Ý³É³í
ï³Ï³ Éáõë³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ£
¹»Õ³ÙÇçáóÝ ¿. The wound ~ed ì»ñùÁ μáõÅ-
headline [΄hedlain] n (Ñá¹í³ÍÇ/ûñÃÇ í»ñ- í»ó. ~ quickly ³ñ³· ³éáÕç³Ý³É:
ݳ·Çñ) hit the ~s óÝóáÕ ïå³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ
³é³ç³óÝ»É:
heal-all [‚hi:l΄ɔ:l] n ѳٳ¹³ñٳݣ
headlong [΄hedlɒŋ] 1. a ß»ßï³ÏÇ Ã³÷áí. healer [΄hi:lə] μáõÅáÕ, ¹³ñÙ³ÝáÕ, ³å³ùÇ-
ÝáÕ:
ëñÁÝóó. set off in ~ flight ³ÙμáÕç ó÷áí/
ëñÁÝóó ëɳݳÉ. 2. adv ·ÉáõËÁ ¹»åÇ
healing [΄hi:liŋ] n μáõųϳÝ. μáõÅÇã, μáõ-
ųñ³ñ:
³é³ç. fall ~ ·ÉËÇí³Ûñ ÁÝÏÝ»É. rush ~ into
danger ·É˳ÏáñáõÛë/ëñÁÝóó íï³Ý·ÇÝ
health [helθ] 1.n ³éáÕçáõÃÛáõÝ.2. a ³éáÕç³-
å³Ñ³Ï³Ý. ë³ÝÇï³ñ³Ï³Ý. in bad ~ í³-
Áݹ³é³ç ·Ý³É:
headman [΄hedmən] n ³é³çÝáñ¹. í³ñ- ï³éáÕç. regain one’s ~ ³éáÕç³Ý³É. ~ resort
å»ï: ³éáÕç³ñ³Ý. ~ centre ³éáÕç³Ï³Ý Ï»Ýï-
headmaster [‚hed΄ma:stə] n ¹åñáóÇ ñáÝ. ~ certificate ³éáÕçáõÃÛ³Ý íϳ۳ϳÝ.
ïÝûñ»Ý: ~ insurance ³éáÕçáõÃÛ³Ý ³å³Ñáí³·ñáõÙ.
headmistress [‚hed΄mistrəs] n ¹åñáóÇ ~ care service ³éáÕç³å³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ standard
ïÝûñÇÝáõÑÇ: ë³ÝÇï³ñ³Ï³Ý ÝáñÙ»ñ. drink to smb’s ~
headmost [΄hedməust] a ³é³ç³íáñ: Ù»ÏÇ Ï»Ý³óÁ ËÙ»É. propose smb’s ~ ϻݳó
head- on [‚hed΄ɒn] a, adv a ~ collision Áݹ- ³é³ç³ñÏ»É. (to) Your ~ Ò»ñ ϻݳóÁ:
ѳñáõÙ. collide ~ ×³Ï³ï ³é ׳ϳï healthful [΄helθfl] a μáõÅÇã, ³éáÕç³ñ³ñ.
Áݹѳñí»É: ³éáÕç£
headphones [΄hedfəunz] n ³Ï³Ýç³Ï³ÉÝ»ñ: healthiness [΄helθinəs] n ³éáÕçáõÃÛáõÝ,
headquarters [‚hed΄kwɔ:təz] n ·É˳íáñ ³éáÕç³Ï³Ý ɳí íÇ׳Ï:
heap 390 heart-felt

healthy [΄helθi] a ³éáÕç, ù³ç³éáÕç. ³éáÕ- heart [ha:t] n ëÇñï. ÷Ëμ. Ñá·Ç. have ~ trou-
çáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ û·ï³Ï³ñ. ~ appetite/child- ble, have a bad ~ ÑÇí³Ý¹ ëÇñï áõݻݳÉ. a ~
ren ³éáÕç ³ËáñųÏ/»ñ»Ë³Ý»ñ. ~ climate defect ëñïÇ ³ñ³ï. ~ failure ëñïÇ Ï³Ãí³Í.
μáõÅÇã ÏÉÇÙ³: have a ~ attack ëñïÇ Ýáå³ áõݻݳÉ. hand on
heap [hi:p] n ÏáõÛï, ß»Õç, ¹»½. a ~ of sand/ my ~ Ó»éùë ËÕ×Çë ¹ñ³Í. in the ~ of the for-
stones/book ³í³½³ÏáõÛï, ù³ñ»ñÇ ÏáõÛï est ³Ýï³éÇ ËáñùáõÙ. the ~ of the matter
·ñù»ñÇ ÏÇïáõÏ. ~s of time/money Ñëϳ۳- ·áñÍÇ ¿áõÃÛáõÝÁ/áõÕÝ áõ ÍáõÍÁ. learn by ~
Ï³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï. ÙÇ ³ÙμáÕç ÏáõÛï ÷áÕ. have ³Ý·Çñ ëáíáñ»É. ~s ÃÕÃË. ÷áëÇÏ. the ace of
~s to do ß³ï ·áñÍ áõÝ»Ý³É ³Ý»Éáõ. ~s of ti- ~s ÷áëÇÏÇ ïáõ½. play/lead ~s ˳ÕÁ
mes ѳ½³ñ³íáñ/ß³ï ³Ý·³ÙÝ»ñ. a ~ of ÷áëÇÏÇó ëÏë»É. (Ñá·Ç) put ~ into work Ñá·Ç
people ÑáÍ μ³½ÙáõÃÛáõÝ. be ~s better ³Ýѳ- Ý»ñ¹Ý»É ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ Ù»ç open one’s ~
Ù»Ù³ï ³í»ÉÇ É³í ÉÇÝ»É. ÑÙÏñ·. ÑÇßáÕáõ- ëÇñïÁ/Ñá·ÇÝ μ³ó»É. not to have the ~
ÃÛ³Ý ¹ÇݳÙÇÏ ïÇñáõÛÃ: ѳٳñÓ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ ãáõݻݳÉ. in one’s ~ of ~s
heap [hi:p] v ¹Ç½»É, Ïáõï³Ï»É. μ»éÝ»É. μ³ñ- Ñá·áõ/ëñïÇ ËáñùáõÙ. to one’s ~s content
Ó»É: áñù³Ý ëÇñïÁ áõ½Ç. with all one’s ~ ³ÙμáÕç
hear [hiə] v Éë»É. He doesn’t ~ well ܳ ɳí ãÇ Ñá·áí. with a light/heavy ~ ûè/ͳÝñ
ÉëáõÙ. I’m glad to...~ àõñ³Ë »Ù Éë»É... Ñá·áí. He wears his ~ on his sleeve Üñ³
(áõÝÏݹñ»É, ³Ï³Ýç ¹Ý»É) ~ a course of lec- Ñá·ÇÝ μ³ó ¿. a man after my own ~
tures ¹³ë³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ïáõñë Éë»É. ~ the Ñá·áõë/ëñïÇë Ùáï Ù³ñ¹. have a ~ of gold
famous singer/violinist Éë»É h³Ýñ³Ñ³Ûï áëÏÇ ëÇñï áõݻݳÉ. take to ~ ëñïÇÝ Ùáï
»ñ·ãÇÝ/çáõóϳѳñÇÝ: ~ a case Çñ³í. ÁݹáõÝ»É. cry one’s ~ out ÙÇ Ïáõßï ɳó ÉÇÝ»É.
¹³ï³Ï³Ý ·áñÍ Éë»É. ~ a witness íϳÛÇ Have a ~! ÊÇÕ× áõÝ»ó»ù. have no ~ ³Ý-
óáõóÙáõÝùÝ»ñÁ Éë»É. (ÇٳݳÉ, ï»Õ»Ï³Ý³É) ëÇñï/³Ý·áõà ÉÇÝ»É. with all one’s ~ ³ÙμáÕç
~ the news/the truth ÝáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ/×ßÙ³ñïáõ- Ñá·áí, ëñï³Ýó. (ë»ñ) lose one’s ~ to smb
ÃÛáõÝÁ Éë»É. We heard of it only the next day ëÇñ³Ñ³ñí»É, Ññ³åáõñí»É. break one’s ~
Ø»Ýù ³Û¹ Ù³ëÇÝ ÇÙ³ó³Ýù ÙdzÛÝ Ñ³çáñ¹ ëÇñïÁ Ïáïñ»É. (Ëǽ³ËáõÃÛáõÝ) lose ~
ûñÁ. Nothing has been heard of him Üñ³ íѳïí»É. take ~ ëñï³åݹí»É. have one’s ~
Ù³ëÇÝ áã ÙÇ Éáõñ ãϳ. I could hardly make in one’s mouth/boots ë³ëïÇÏ í³Ë»Ý³É,
myself heard ÆÙ Ó³ÛÝÁ ѳ½Çí ¿ñ ÉëíáõÙ. We ëñï³×³ù ÉÇÝ»É out of ~ Ñáõë³Ñ³ï íÇ׳-
~ very well from here ²Ûëï»ÕÇó ß³ï É³í ¿ ÏáõÙ. with a sinking ~ óÉϳóáÕ ëñïáí£
ÉëíáõÙ: heart-ache [΄ha:teik] n Ëáñ íÇßï, ÏëÏÇÍ:
hearer [΄hiərə] n áõÝÏݹÇñ: heart-beat [΄ha:tbi:t] n ëñïÇ μ³μ³-
hearing [΄hiəriŋ] n ÉëáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. hard of ~ ËáõÙ/½³ñÏ:
í³ï ÉëáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. within/out of ~ Éë»ÉÇáõ- heartbreak [΄ha:tbreik] n Ù»Í íÇßï. Ëáñ
ÃÛ³Ý ³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ/ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇó ¹áõñë. Ñdzëó÷áõÃÛáõÝ:
the ~ of a case Ù»ÏÇ Ý»ñϳÛáõÃÛ³Ùμ ¹³ï³- heart-breaking [΄ha:tbreikiŋ] a ëñï³-
ùÝÝáõÃÛ³Ý áõÝÏݹñáõÙ. preliminary/final ~ ×ÙÉÇÏ, ³Õ»Ïïáõñ, ³ÕÇáÕáñÙ. It’s ~ to see
ݳËݳϳÝ/í»ñçÝ³Ï³Ý ¹³ï³ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ. smn unhappy êñï³×ÙÉÇÏ ¿ áñ¨¿ Ù»ÏÇÝ
give a fair ~ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É ÙÇÝ㨠¹Åμ³Ëï íÇ׳ÏáõÙ ï»ëÝ»ÉÁ:
í»ñç ³ñï³Ñ³Ûïí»Éáõ. give both sides a ~ heart-broken [΄ha:tbrəukən] a íßï³μ»Ï,
»ñÏáõ ÏáÕÙÇÝ ¿É Éë»É. public ~ μ³ó ¹³ï³- ëñï³μ»Ï:
í³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. unfair ~ ÏáÕÙÝ³Ï³É ¹³ï³í³- heart-burn [΄ha:tbə:n] n ³Ûñáó, ³Ûñáõóù
ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ aid ÉëáÕ³Ï³Ý ³å³ñ³ï/ë³ñù: (ëï³ÙáùëÇ)£
hearken [΄ha:kən] v Éë»É, ÙÇÝ㨠í»ñç/áõß³- heart-burning [΄ha:t‚bə:niŋ] n ¹Å·áÑáõ-
¹Çñ Éë»É£ ÃÛáõÝ, ˳ݹ, óùáõÝ Ý³Ë³ÝÓ£
hearsay [΄hiəsei] n Éáõñ»ñ, ³ë»Ïáë». It’s only heart-disease [΄ha:tdizi:z] n ëñïÇ ÑÇí³Ý-
~ ¸³ ÉáÏ ³ë»Ïáë»Ý»ñ »Ý. by ~ Áëï Éáõñ»ñÇ. ¹áõÃÛáõÝ/³ñ³ï:
~ evidence Çñ³í. ÙÇçÝáñ¹í³Í íϳÛáõÃÛáõÝ: hearten [΄ha:tn] v ù³ç³É»ñ»É, á·¨áñ»É,
hearse [hə:s] n ¹Ç³Ï³éù. 뷳ϳéù: ëÇñï ï³É. be ~ed by good news ɳí ÉáõñÇó
hearth 391 heavily

á·¨áñí»É/ëÇñï ³éÝ»É: μáùí³Í. a ~ flat ç»éáõóíáÕ μݳϳñ³Ý. a ~


heart-felt [΄ha:tfelt] a ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ. ëñï³éáõã. discussion ûÅ/ï³ù íi׳μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
½·³óÙáõÝùáí ÉÇ: heat-engine [΄hi:t‚endзin] n ç»ñٳ߳ñÅÇã.
hearth [ha:θ] n ûç³Ë, μáõ˳ñÇ. ~ and home heater [΄hi:tə] n ç»éáõóÇã, í³é³ñ³Ý. an
÷Ëμ. ÁÝï³Ý»Ï³Ý ûç³Ë, ïáõÝ, ÁÝï³ÝÇù: electric ~ ¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³Ý ç»éáõóÇã:
hearth-rug [΄ha:θrΛg] n Ïñ³Ï³ñ³ÝÇ/μáõ- heath [hi:θ] n (ݳ¨ heather) μëμ. ѳí³Ùñ·Ç,
˳ñáõ ³éç¨ ·ó³Í ϳñå»ï: ó³ËÇ. ѳí³Ùñ·áõ Ã÷»ñáí ͳÍÏí³Í ѳñ-
hearthside [΄ha:θsaid] n at the ~ μáõ˳ñáõ óí³Ûñ:
Ùáï/ÏáÕùÇÝ. ÷Ëμ. ÁÝï³Ý»Ï³Ý ѳñÏÇ heathen [΄hi:ðn] n, a ѻóÝáë, ѻóÝá-
ï³Ï: ë³Ï³Ý:
heartily [΄ha:tili] adv ³ÝÏ»ÕÍáñ»Ý, heating [΄hi:tiŋ] n ç»éáõóáõÙ, ï³ù³óáõÙ.
ëñï³Ýó. eat ~ ³ËáñųÏáí áõï»É. set to central ~ Ï»ÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý ç»éáõóáõÙ. the ~
work~ëñïáí ·áñÍÇ Ïåã»É. laugh ~ ëñï³Ýó system ç»éáõóÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·£
ÍÇͳջÉ. (ß³ï, ë³ëïÇÏ) be ~ glad ëñï³Ýó heat-lightning [‚hi:t΄laitniŋ] n ÷³Ûɳï³-
áõñ³Ë ÉÇÝ»É. be ~ tired ë³ëïÇÏ Ñá·Ý³Í ÏáõÙ, ÷³ÛɳÏ:
ÉÇÝ»É: heatproof [΄hi:tpru:f], heatresistant
heartiness [΄ha:tinəs] n ³ÝÏ»ÕÍáõÃÛáõÝ. [hi:tri΄zistənt] a ç»ñÙ³¹ÇÙ³óÏáõÝ, ç»ñÙ³-
³éáÕçáõÃÛáõÝ: ϳÛáõÝ£
heartless [΄ha:tləs] a ³ÝëÇñï, ³Ý·áõÃ: heat-spot [΄hi:tspɒt] n å»å»Ý:
heart-rending [΄ha:trendiŋ] a ¹³éÁ, ³Õ»- heatwave [΄hi:tweiv] n áõÅ»Õ ßá·»ñÇ ßñç³Ý.
Ïïáõñ. a ~ cry ³Õ»Ïïáõñ ×Çã: We had a ~ in May سÛÇëÇÝ ³Ûëï»Õ áõÅ»Õ
heartsease [΄ha:tsi:z] n μëμ. ½³éÙ³Ýáõß³Ï: ßá· ¿ñ:
heart-sick [΄ha:tsik] a íßï³Ñ³ñ, ÁÝÏ×í³Í: heave [΄hi:v] n μ³ñÓñ³óáõÙ, Ý»ïáõÙ, Ó·áõÙ.
heart-to-heart [‚ha:ttə΄ha:t] a Ùï»ñÙÇÏ, ßÝã³ñ·»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ of the sea ÍáíÇ ³É»Ïá-
ëñï³μ³ó. ~ talk Ùï»ñٳϳÝ/ëñï³μ³ó ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, Í÷³Ýù:
Ëáë³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ/½ñáõÛó: heave [΄hi:v] v μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É, Ó·»É, ßåñï»É.
hearty [΄ha:ti] a ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ, ëñï³Ýó. give a ~ ͳÝñ ßÝã»É. ~ a stone ù³ñÁ ßåñï»É. ~ a boat
laugh ëñï³Ýó ÍÇͳջÉ. a ~ appetite ÑáÛ³- up ݳíÁ ¹»åÇ ³÷ Ó·»É. ~ up the anchor ˳-
Ï³å ³ËáñųÏ. ~ meal ³é³ï áõï»ÉÇù. ñÇëËÁ μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É. ~ a sigh ÷Ëμ. Ñá·áó
give a ~ welcome ç»ñÙ ÁݹáõÝ»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ óáõÛó ù³ß»É. ~ on a rope å³ñ³ÝÁ Ó·»É. ~ in sight
ï³É: ÑáñǽáÝÇ íñ³ »ñ¨³É:
heat [hi:t] n ï³ùáõÃÛáõÝ, ç»ñÙáõÃÛáõÝ. ßá· heaven [΄hevn] n »ñÏÇÝù, »Ã»ñ. ¹ñ³Ëï. the
(»Õ³Ý³Ï). unbearable/oppressive/terrible ~ kingdom of ~ »ñÏݳÛÇÝ ³ñù³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ. in the
³Ýï³Ý»ÉÇ/×ÝßáÕ/ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ ßá·. solar ~ seventh ~ Ûáûñáñ¹ »ñÏÝùáõÙ. Good H~s!
³ñ¨Ç ç»ñÙáõÃÛáõÝ. blazing/parching/scorching ²ëïí³°Í ÇÙ, î»ñ ²ëïí³Í. Thank H~s!
~ ÏǽÇã/³ÛñáÕ ßá·. I can’t stand/bear ~ â»Ù ö³éù ²ëïÍá. H~ forbids! ²ëïí³Í ÙÇ
ϳñáÕ ßá·Á ï³Ý»É. (ç»éáõóáõÙ) We have no ³ñ³ëó». ²ëïí³Í áã ³ÝÇ. By H~! ²ëïí³Í
~ on today ²Ûëûñ Ù»½ Ùáï ã»Ý ï³ù³óÝáõÙ. íϳ. H~ knows! ²ëïí³Í ·ÇïÇ. For H~‘s
in the ~ of the battle ÷Ëμ. ÏéíÇ Ã»Å å³ÑÇÝ. sake! ²ëïÍáõ ëÇñáõÝ. move ~ and earth (³Ù»Ý
in the ~ of the moment ï³ù³ó³Í íÇ׳ÏáõÙ. ÇÝã) ï³ÏÝ áõ íñ³ ³Ý»É. stink to high ~ í³ï
μáñμáùí³Í å³ÑÇÝ. Ùñ½. í³½ù³Ñ»ñÃ, Ñ»ñ- Ñáï ·³É. ɳí μ³Ý ãëå³ëí»É:
óϳñ·. a dead ~ ÙÇ³Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ³í³ñï/ heavenly [΄hevnli] a »ñÏݳÛÇÝ. ÷Ëμ. ³ëï-
ýÇÝÇß: í³Í³ÛÇÝ. ËëÏó. ÑdzݳÉÇ, ëù³Ýã»ÉÇ,
heat [hi:t] v ï³ù³Ý³É, ï³ù³óÝ»É. ßÇϳ- ãùݳÕ. a ~ day ÑdzݳÉÇ ûñ. ~ creature
ݳÉ, ßÇϳóÝ»É. ~ some water çáõñ ï³ù³ó- ãùÝ³Õ ³ñ³ñ³Í. How ~ ! ƯÝã ·»Õ»óÇÏ ¿,
Ý»É. ~ up soup ³åáõñÁ ï³ù³óÝ»É. ~ (up) an Ñá۳ϳ¯å ¿:
engine ß³ñÅÇãÁ ï³ù³óÝ»É. The argument be- heaven-sent [‚hevn΄sent] a ²ëïÍáõ ÏáÕÙÇó
came ~ed ÷Ëμ. ì»×Á μáñμáùí»ó: ïñí³Í, ³ëïí³Í³ïáõñ. a ~ opportunity
heated [΄hi:tid] a ï³ù, ûÅ. Ãáõݹ, μáñ- ²ëïÍáõ ÏáÕÙÇó ïñí³Í Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ£
heaviness 392 height

heavily [΄hevili] adv ͳÝñ Ï»ñåáí, ͳÝñá- ¹³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛáõÝ: a ~ day ËëÏó. Ë»-
ñ»Ý. ËÇëï, ë³ëïÇÏ. ~ loaded ËÇëï ͳÝ- ɳ·³ñ ûñ. a ~ life ³ÝÝáñÙ³É ÏÛ³Ýù.
ñ³μ»éÝí³Í. breath/walk ~ ßÝã»É/ù³ÛÉ»É hedge [hedз] n (ϳݳã, ¹³É³ñ) ó³Ýϳ-
¹Åí³ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ. rain ~ áõÅ»Õ ³ÝÓñ¨ ·³É. å³ï. trim a ~ ó³Ýϳå³ïÁ ÙÏñ³ïáí Ëáõ-
drink ~ ã³÷Çó ³í»ÉÇ ËÙ»É. ~ built ³Ùáõñ/ ½»É:
áõÅ»Õ Ï³éáõóí³Íù áõÝ»óáÕ. ~ favoured hedge [hedз] v ó³Ýϳå³ï»É. ~ (in/off) a
player ³ÏÝѳÛï ý³íáñÇï ѳٳñíáÕ Ë³- field ¹³ßïÁ ó³Ýϳå³ïáí ³Ýç³ï»É.
Õ³óáÕ: be ~d in by regulations ÷Ëμ. ûñ»Ýùáí/ϳÝáÝ-
heaviness [΄hevinəs] n ͳÝñáõÃÛáõÝ, ͳÝñ Ý»ñáí ϳßϳݹí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. ~ one’s bets Ñݳ-
ù³ß. ÷Ëμ. ÁÝÏ×í³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ: ñ³íáñ ÏáñáõëïÁ ϳÝË»É. ÏáñáõëïÝ»ñÇó
heavy [΄hevi] a ͳÝñ, Ù»Í, Ëáßáñ. a ~ ³å³Ñáí³·ñí»É. ÷Ëμ. áõÕÕ³ÏÇ å³ï³ë-
box/parcel/blow/burden ͳÝñ ³ñÏÕ/÷³- ˳ÝÇó Ëáõë³÷»É:
ûÃ/ѳñí³Í/ μ»é. ~ industry/artillery ͳÝñ hedgehog [΄hedзhɒg] n á½ÝÇ:
³ñ¹Ûáõݳμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ/Ññ»ï³ÝÇ. (áõÅ»Õ. hedging [΄hedзiŋ] n Çñ³í. ÏñÏݳ·áñͳñù:
ë³ëïÇÏ, Ñáñ¹) ~ rain/snow/fog Ñáñ¹³é³ï hedgerow [΄hedзrəu] n ϻݹ³ÝÇ ó³Ýϳ-
³ÝÓñ¨, ³é³ï ÓÛáõÝ. ~ scent/fire/storm áõÅ»Õ å³ï:
Ñáï, μáõñÙáõÝù/Ññ¹»Ñ. ë³ëïÇÏ ÷áÃáñÇÏ. heed [hi:d] n áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ, áõß³¹Çññ í»-
~ debt/taxes Ù»Í, ͳÝñ å³ñïù/ѳñÏ»ñ. ~ ñ³μ»ñÙáõÝù. give/pay ~ áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ
damage Ëáßáñ/Ù»Í íݳë. ~ crop ³é³ï ¹³ñÓÝ»É. take ~ of áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ¹³ñÓÝ»É.
μ»ñù. ~ sleep ËáñÁ ùáõÝ. ~ punishment ËÇëï lack of ~ áõß³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý å³Ï³ë:
å³ïÇÅ. ~ sea ÷áÃáñÏáï/³É»ÏáÍ Íáí. a ~ heed [hi:d] v áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ¹³ñÓÝ»É, áõß³-
wine Ãáõݹ ·ÇÝÇ. ~ drinker ѳñμ»óáÕ. ~ traf- ¹Çñ Éë»É. He didn’t ~ my warning ܳ áõß³¹-
fic ͳÝñ³μ»éÝí³Í »ñè»ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ soil ñáõÃÛáõÝ ã¹³ñÓñ»ó Ç٠ݳ˳½·áõß³óÙ³Ý
ÛáõÕáï ÑáÕ. ~ (ݳ¨ bold) type óí³ï³é íñ³:
(ßñÇýï). ~ sky Ùé³ÛÉ/³Ùå³Ù³Í »ñÏÇÝù. ~ heedful [΄hi:dfl] a áõß³¹Çñ, Ñá·³ï³ñ£
features Ëáßáñ ¹ÇÙ³·Í»ñ. ~ food ¹Åí³ñ³- heedless [΄hi:dləs] a ³Ýáõß³¹Çñ, ³Ý÷áõÛÃ,
Ù³ñë áõï»ÉÇù. (ïËáõñ) ~ news ïËáõñ Éáõñ. ³ÝÑá·, ³Ý½·áõÛß. ~ ûf danger/exspence ³Ý-
with a ~ heart ͳÝñ ëñïáí. ~ breathing ͳÝñ ½·áõÛß íï³Ý·Ç ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ. ѳßíÇ ã³éÝ»É
ßÝã³éáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ sleep Ëáñ ùáõÝ. a ~ sleeper ͳËë»ñÁ:
åÇݹ/³Ùáõñ ùÝáÕ. ~ loss ͳÝñ Ïáñáõëï, ~ heel [hi:l] n ÏñáõÝÏ, ·³ñß³å³ñ. ~ of Achillis
losses Ù»Í ÏáñáõëïÝ»ñ. a ~ day ͳÝñ ûñ: ³ùÇÉ»ëÛ³Ý ·³ñß³å³ñ. ÷Ëμ. Ëáó»ÉÇ ï»Õ:
heavy [΄hevi] adv ͳÝñáñ»Ý, áõÅ»Õ, ë³ë- at ~, at one’s ~s ÏñÝϳÏáË, Ñ»ïù»ñáí. show
ïÇÏ. sit/lie ~ on μ»é ÉÇÝ»É, ×Ýß»É. Time hangs a clean pair of ~s, take to one’s ~s ÷³Ëã»É,
~ ijٳݳÏÁ ¹³Ý¹³Õ ¿ ³ÝóÝáõÙ: ÍÉÏ»É. (ÏáßÇÏÇ ÏñáõÝÏ) high/low ~s μ³ñÓñ/
heavy-duty [‚hevi΄dju:ti] a ï»Ë. ͳÝñ ïÇ- ó³Íñ ÏñáõÝÏÝ»ñ. turn on one’s ~s ÏïñáõÏ
åÇ, ã³÷³½³Ýó ¹ÇÙ³óÏáõÝ£ ßñçí»É. click one’s ~s ÏñáõÝÏÝ»ñÁ ÙÇÙÛ³Ýó
heavy-hearted [‚hevi΄ha:tid] a ïËáõñ, Ë÷»É. cool/kick one’s ~s ÙÇ ùÇã ë³éã»É.
óËÍáï, íßï³ÉÇ: ѳݹ³ñïí»É. the ~ of a loaf ËëÏó. ѳóÇ
heavy-weight [΄heviweit] n Ùñ½. ͳÝñ³- Ïáßï ÏáÕÙÁ. from head to ~s áïùÇó ·ÉáõË.
ù³ß/ͳÝñ ù³ßÇ Ù³ñ½ÇÏ: head over ~s ·ÉáõËÏáÝÍÇ. He’s a ~ ËëÏó. ܳ
Hebrew [΄hi:bru:] n, a »μñ³Û»óÇ, Ññ»³. ëñÇϳÛÇ Ù»ÏÝ ¿:
»μñ³Û»ñ»Ý. »μñ³Û³Ï³Ý, Ññ»³Ï³Ý: heel [hi:l] v ÏáßÇÏÇ ÏñáõÝÏÝ»ñÁ í»ñ³Ýáñá-
heckle [΄hekl] v Ñé»ïáñÇÝ Ñ³ñó»ñáí/¹Çïá- ·»É. ÏñáõÝÏÝ»ñÁ ûè³ÏÇ ·»ïÝÇÝ Ë÷»É.
ÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí Áݹѳï»É. The students ~d ÏñÝϳÏáË Ñ»ï¨»É:
the speaker àõë³ÝáÕÝ»ñÁ Ñé»ïáñÇÝ Ë××áÕ heft [heft] n ËëÏó. ÏßÇé, ù³ß, ͳÝñáõÃÛáõÝ:
ѳñó»ñ ¿ÇÝ ï³ÉÇë: hefty [΄hefti] a ³éáÕç, áõÅ»Õ. a ~ fellow/child/
hectic [΄hektik] n ï»Ý¹³ÛÇÝ, ç»ñÙÇ. ï»Ý¹³- blow/dinner Ëáßáñ ïÕ³Ù³ñ¹. ÃÙμÉÇÏ »ñ»-
·ÇÝ, ï»Ý¹³ÉÇó. a ~ flush ï»Ý¹³ÛÇÝ/ÑÇí³Ý- ˳. áõÅ»Õ Ñ³ñí³Í/Ïáõßï ׳ß:
¹³·ÇÝ Ï³ñÙñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ activity ÷Ëμ. ï»Ý- hegemony [hi΄geməni] n ·»ñÇß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝ.:
heighten 393 helve-hammer

heifer [΄hefə] n »ñÇÝç: helmet [΄helmit] n ë³Õ³í³ñï. motocy-


height [hait] n μ³ñÓñáõÃÛáõÝ. giddy ~ ·É˳- clist’s/crash/safety ~ å³ßïå³Ý³Ï³Ý ë³Õ³-
åïáõÛï μ³ñÓñáõÃÛáõÝ. 20 metres in ~ ùë³Ý í³ñï:
Ù»ïñ μ³ñÓñáõÃÛ³Ùμ. fly at a ~ of Ãéã»É… helmsman [΄helmzmən] n ջϳϳÉ, ջϳ-
μ³ñÓñáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³. fall from a ~ of μ³ñÓñáõ- í³ñ (ݳíÇ):
ÃÛáõÝÇó ÁÝÏÝ»É. (ѳë³Ï) a man of average ~ help [help] n û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. considerable/finan-
ÙÇçÇÝ Ñ³ë³ÏÇ Ù³ñ¹. over two metres in ~ cial/moral ~ ½·³ÉÇ/ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý/μ³ñáÛ³-
»ñÏáõ Ù»ïñÇó μ³ñÓñ ѳë³Ï. (·³·³Ã, ϳ- Ï³Ý û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. give/refuse ~ û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ
ï³ñ) on the mountain ~s É»éÝ»ñÇ ·³·³ÃÝ»- óáõÛó ï³É/Ù»ñÅ»É. There is no ~ for it ²Ûëï»Õ
ñÇÝ/ϳï³ñÝ»ñÇÝ. ÷Ëμ. û·ï. the ~ of folly áãÝãáí ãÇ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ û·Ý»É. (û·Ý³Ï³Ý) home ~
ÑÇÙ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ·³·³Ãݳϻï. at the ~ of ïݳÛÇÝ ³ß˳ïáÕ, ëå³ëáõÑÇ. We need ~
summer/the battle/the storm ³Ù³éí³/׳- in the factory ¶áñͳñ³ÝáõÙ μ³ÝíáñÝ»ñÇ
ϳï³Ù³ñïÇ Ã»Å å³ÑÇÝ. ÷áÃáñÏÇ áõÅ- ϳñÇù ϳ. hire a ~ û·Ý³Ï³Ý/³ß˳ïáÕ
·ÇÝ å³ÑÁ. at the ~ of the fame ÷³éùÇ ·³- í³ñÓ»É. with the ~ of û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ. ÑÙÏñ·.
·³ÃÇÝ. dressed in the ~ of fashion í»ñçÇÝ û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ÑáõßáõÙ. ~ command û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ý
Ýáñ³Ó¨áõÃÛ³Ùμ ѳ·Ýí³Í: Ññ³Ù³Ý. ~ file ï»Õ»Ï³ïí³Ï³Ý ý³ÛÉ. ~ line
heighten [΄haitn] v μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É. ٻͳóÝ»É. ÑáõßáÕ ïáÕ. ~ menu ï»Õ»Ï³ïí³Ï³Ý ÁÝï-
áõŻճóݻɣ ñ³óáõó³Ï. ~ program ûųݹ³Ï Íñ³·Çñ:
heinous [΄heinəs] a ½½í»ÉÇ, ÝáÕϳÉÇ, ·³ñ- help [help] v û·Ý»É, û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ óáõÛó ï³É. ~
ß»ÉÇ. a ~ crime ½³ñÑáõñ»ÉÇ/ÝáÕϳÉÇ á×ñ³- with money ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ óáõÛó
·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ: ï³É. The medicine will ~ you ³Ûë ¸»ÕÁ Ó»½
heir [eə] n ųé³Ý·, ųé³Ý·áñ¹. sole ~ Ïû·ÝÇ. (ÑÛáõñ³ëÇñ»É) May I ~ you to some
Çñ³í. ÙÇ³Ï Å³é³Ý·áñ¹. collateral ~ ³ÝáõÕ- salad Ò»½ ë³É³Ã ¹Ý»±Ù. He ~ed himself to
Õ³ÏÇ Å³é³Ý·. presumptive ~ »Ýó¹ñíáÕ some coffee ܳ ëáõñ× ËÙ»ó/ÑÛáõñ³ëÇñí»ó.
ųé³Ý·: ~ yourself ÐÛáõñ³ëÇñí»ù. That won’t ~ ¸³ ãÇ
heirdom [΄eədəm] n ųé³Ý·áõÃÛáõÝ: û·ÝÇ. (Ëáõë³÷»É) We couldn’t ~ laughing
heiress [΄eərəs] n ųé³Ý·áõÑÇ: Ø»Ýù ã¿ÇÝù ϳñáÕ ãÍÇͳջÉ. One can’t ~
heirloom [΄eəlu:m] n ųé³Ý·³Ï³Ý ·ÇÍ/ thinking âÇ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ãÙï³Í»É. Crying won’t~
ѳïϳÝÇß: ²ñóáõÝùÝ»ñÁ ã»Ý û·ÝÇ. ~ down û·Ý»É ÇçÝ»É.
helicopter [΄helikɒptə] n ³í. áõÕÕ³ÃÇé. ~ down from the ladder û·Ý»É ³ëïÇ׳Ý-
helix [΄hi:liks] n å³ñáõÛñ, å³ñáõñ³·ÇÍ. Ý»ñÇó ÇçÝ»É. ~ off/on û·Ý»É ѳݻÉ/ѳ·Ý»É.
ϻݹ. ËËáõÝç. ×ñï. áÉáñ³½³ñ¹, å³ñáõ- ~ off/on with the coat û·Ý»É í»ñ³ñÏáõÝ Ñ³-
ñ³½³ñ¹: Ý»É/ѳ·Ý»É. ~ out Ý»Õ ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÇó ѳݻÉ/
hell [hel] n ¹ÅáËù. oh ~! ËëÏó. ë³ï³Ý³Ý ³½³ï»É. Granny ~ed us out î³ïÇÏÁ Ù»½
ï³ÝÇ Go to ~! ¶ñáÕÇ ÍáóÁ ·Ý³, ÏáñÇñ. like ³Û¹ íÇ׳ÏÇó ¹áõñë μ»ñ»ó, She ~ed out the
~ ϳï³Õ³μ³ñ, ë³ëïÇÏ. a ~ of a noise ¹Åá- soup ܳ ³åáõñÁ Éóñ»ó ³÷ë»Ý»ñÇ Ù»ç. ~ up
˳ÛÇÝ ³ÕÙáõÏ. work like ~ ³Ñ³íáñ ß³ï û·Ý»É í»ñ ϻݳÉ:
³ß˳ï»É. Why the ~? ¶ñáÕÁ ï³ÝÇ, ÇÝãá±õ. helper [΄helpə] n û·Ý³Ï³Ý, û·ÝáÕ:
raise ~ Ù»Í ëϳݹ³É μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É. have the helpful [΄helpfl] a û·ï³Ï³ñ. The book was
~ of time ß³ï ɳí/í³ï Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ³Ýóϳó- very ~ ¶ÇñùÁ ß³ï å»ïù »Ï³í:
Ý»É. the ~ of a chap ËëÏó. Ñá۳ϳå ïÕ³. helping [΄helpiŋ] n (áõï»ÉÇùÇ) μ³ÅÇÝ,
hell-cat [΄helkæt] n ã³ñ/Ïéí³ñ³ñ ÏÇÝ. ç³- (åáñódz). Will you have a second ~? ØÇ
¹áõ: μ³ÅÇÝ ¿É Ïáõ½»±ù:
hellish [΄heli∫] a ¹Åá˳ÛÇÝ, ¹Çí³ÛÇÝ. helpless [΄helpləs] a ³Ýû·Ý³Ï³Ý. We were ~
hello [hə΄ləu] int áÕçáõÛÝ: in this matter ²Ûë ѳñóáõÙ Ù»Ýù ³Ýû·Ý³Ï³Ý
helm I [helm] n Õ»Ï. take the ~ Õ»ÏÇ Ùáï ¿ÇÝù. a ~ sort of man ³Ýû·Ý³Ï³Ý Ù³ñ¹£
ÉÇÝ»É (ݳ¨ ÷Ëμ.) the ~ of the state ϳé³- helpmate [΄helpmeit] n û·Ý³Ï³Ý, ÁÝÏ»ñ:
í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Õ»ÏÁ: helter-skelter [΄heltə‚skeltə] n Çñ³ñ³Ý-
helm II [helm] n ë³Õ³í³ñï: óáõÙ, ˳éݳß÷áÃáõÃÛáõÝ:
hem 394 Ñernia

helve [helv] n ÏáÃ, μéݳÏ: ¹»Õ³μáõÛë»ñ):


helve-hammer [΄helv‚hæmə] n Ùáõñ×, herbal [΄hə:bl] a ËáïÇ, Ëáï³ÛÇÝ. ~ tea Ëá-
Ïé³Ý: ï³ÃáõñÙ:
hem [hem] n »½ñ, »½ñ³ß»ñï. Í³É³Í ¨ ϳ- herbage [΄hə:bidз] n Ñíù. Ëáï»Õ»Ý, Ëá-
ñ³Í »½ñ. take up/let down the ~ of the skirt ï³μáõÛë»ñ:
÷»ßÁ ϳñ׳óÝ»É/»ñϳñ³óÝ»É: herbarium [hə:΄beəriəm] n Ñ»ñμ³ñÇáõÙ
hem [hem] v íñ³Ï³ñ ³Ý»É. ~ in/about/round (ãáñ³óñ³Í μáõÛë»ñÇ Ñ³í³ù³Íáõ):
÷Ëμ. ÷³Ï»É, ßñç³÷³Ï»É. be ~med in by the herbivorous [hə:΄bivərəs] a Ëáï³Ï»ñ£
enemy ÃßݳÙáõ ÏáÕÙÇó ßñç³÷³Ïí»É: herd [hə:d] n Ñáï, ݳËÇñ, »ñ³Ù³Ï. ÷Ëμ.
hem [hem] 1. int ÑÁÙ. 2. v ÑÁÙ-ÑÁÙ ³Ý»É. ѳ- ³ÙμáË:
½³Éáí ÏáÏáñ¹Á Ù³ùñ»É. ~ and haw ÏÙÏÙ³É, herd [hə:d] v (ݳ¨ ~ cattle) Ñáï/ݳËÇñ ϳ½-
ï³ï³Ýí»É, í³ñ³Ý»É: Ù»É. ~ together ËÙμí»É. ÷Ëμ. ³ÙμáËí»É:
hemisphere [΄hemisfiə] n ÏÇë³·áõݹ. cere- herdsman [΄hə:dzmən] n ݳËñ³å³Ý:
bral ~s áõÕ»ÕÇ ÏÇ볷ݹ»ñ: here [hiə] adv ³Ûëï»Õ. ~ and there ³Ûëï»Õ ¨
³ÛÝï»Õ. neither ~ nor there áã ³Ûëï»Õ, áã
hemlock [΄hemlɒk] n μëμ. ÙáɳËÇݹ:
³ÛÝï»Õ. not far from ~ ³Ûëï»ÕÇó áã Ñ»éáõ.
hemorrhage [΄heməridз] n ³ñݳÑá-
Spring is ~ ¶³ñáõÝÁ »Ï»É ¿. H~ she fell silent
ëáõÃÛáõÝ:
²Ûëï»Õ/³Ûë å³ÑÇÝ Ý³ Éé»ó. (³Ñ³, ³Ñ³-
hemp [hemp] n μëμ. ϳݻ÷, ϳݻ÷³Ã»É.
í³ëÇÏ) H~ they are ²Ñ³ ¨ Ýñ³Ýù. H~’s the
÷Ëμ., ÏïÏ. å³ñ³Ý, ϳ˳ճÝ:
key ²Ñ³/ì»ñóñáõ μ³Ý³ÉÇÝ. H~‘s to you Ò»ñ
hempen [΄hempən] a ϳݻ÷Ç: ϻݳóÁ. H~ you are Êݹñ»Ù, ѳٻó»ù.
hem-stitch [΄hemstit∫] n ó³Ýó³Ï³ñ (Ù»ñ»Å- Look ~ Èë»ù:
ϳ):
hereabout(s) [‚hiərə΄baut(s)] adv ³Ûë ÏáÕ-
hen [hen] n ѳí. like a ~ with one chicken Ù»ñáõÙ, Ùáï³Ï³ÛùáõÙ:
ËëÏó. Ó»é áõ áï ÁÝϳÍ:
hereafter [‚hiər΄a:ftə] n ³å³·³, ³å³·³-
hence [hens] adv ³Û¹ ųٳݳÏÇó Ç í»ñ. ÛáõÙ. Çñ³í. ³ÛëáõÑ»ï, ѻﳷ³ÛáõÙ. ~
many years ~ ß³ï ï³ñÇÝ»ñ Ñ»ïá. (áõëïÇ,
called the defendant ¹³ï³å³ñïÛ³É Ïáãí³Í:
ѻ勉μ³ñ) We may conclude ~ àõëïÇ Ù»Ýù hereby [‚hiə΄bai] adv ëáõÛÝáí, ³ÛëåÇëáí:
ϳñáÕ »Ýù »½ñ³Ï³óÝ»É: hereditary [hə΄redətri] a ųé³Ý·³Ï³Ý.
henceforth [‚hens΄fɔ:θ], henceforward ³í³Ý¹³Ï³Ý. a ~ disease ųé³Ý·³Ï³Ý ÑÇ-
[΄hens΄efɔ:wəd] adv ³Ûëáõѻ﨣 í³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝ. ~ customs ³í³Ý¹³Ï³Ý ëáíá-
henchman [΄hent∫mən] n ÏáÕÙݳÏÇó, ñáõÛÃÝ»ñ:
å³ßïå³Ý: heredity [hə΄redəti] n ųé³Ý·³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
hen-coop [΄henku:p] n ѳí³μáõÝ: herein [‚hiər΄in] adv ëñ³Ýáí, ³Ûëï»Õ:
hen-hearted [‚hen΄ha:tid] a í³ËÏáï: hereinafter [‚hiərin΄a:ftə] adv ëïáñ¨, ³Û-
hen-house [΄henhaus] n ѳí³μáõÝ: ëáõÑ»ï¨, ѻﳷ³ÛáõÙ:
henna [΄henə] n, a, v ÑÇݳ. ÑÇݳ۳·áõÛÝ. heresy [΄herəsi] n Ñ»ñ»ïÇÏáëáõÃÛáõÝ:
¹»ÕݳϳñÙÇñ. ÑÇݳ ¹Ý»É, ÑÇݳÛáí Ý»ñ- heretic [΄herətik] n Ñ»ñ»ïÇÏáë:
Ï»É: hereupon [‚hiərə΄pɒn] adv ëñ³ ѻ勉Ý-
hen-pecked [΄hen‚pekd] a ÏÝáç ÏñáõÝÏÇ ùáí/å³ï׳éáí. ³ÛëáõÑ»ï¨:
ï³Ï. a ~ husband ÏïÏ. Ñå³ï³Ï ³ÙáõëÇÝ, herewith [‚hiə΄wið] adv ÁݹëÙÇÝ ÏóíáõÙ ¿.
³Ù»Ý μ³ÝáõÙ ÏÝáçÁ Ñå³ï³ÏíáÕ ³ÙáõëÇÝ: ÏÇó áõÕ³ñÏíáõÙ ¿. Cheque is enclosed ~ ÎÇó
hepatic [hi΄pætik] a ÉÛ³ñ¹, ÉÛ³ñ¹³ÛÇÝ: áõÕ³ñÏíáõÙ ¿ í׳ñ³·ÇñÁ/ã»ÏÁ:
her [hə:] prn pers Ýñ³, Ýñ³Ý (Ç·). with ~ Ýñ³ heritage [΄heritidз] n ųé³Ý·áõÃÛáõÝ:
Ñ»ï. Give ~ îí»ù Ýñ³Ý. ËëÏó. ݳ (Ç·). It hermetic [hə:΄metik] a Ñ»ñÙ»ïÇÏ, ³Ýó-
is ~ ܳ ¿. Let ~ try ÂáÕ Ý³ ÷áñÓÇ. prn poss ÷³Ýó»ÉÇ:
Ýñ³, Çñ. It is ~ book ¸³ Ýñ³ ·ÇñùÝ ¿. She hermetically [hə:΄metikli] adv ~ sealed Ñ»ñ-
closed the door after ~ ܳ ¹áõéÝ Çñ Ñ»ï¨Çó Ù»ïÇÏ Ï»ñåáí ÷³Ïí³Í:
÷³Ï»ó: hermit [΄hə:mit] n ׷ݳíáñ, ٻݳÏÛ³ó:
herb [hə:b] n Ëáï (ÑÇÙݳϳÝáõ٠ϳݳãÇ ¨ hermitage [΄hə:mitidз] n Ù»ÏáõëÇ Ï³ó³-
hero 395 hi-fi

ñ³Ý: hey [hei] int ѻۣ


Ñernia [΄hə:niə] n μÅßÏ. ³Õ»Ã³÷áõÃÛáõÝ, heyday [΄heidei] n ͳÕÏáõÙ. ÷ÃÃáõÙ. ·³-
×áÕí³Íù. ·³Ãݳϻï£
hero [΄hiərəu] n Ñ»ñáë. ~ worship Ñ»ñáëÇ hi [hai] int. áÕçáõÛÝ:
å³ßï³ÙáõÝù: hiatus [hai΄eitəs] n μ³ó ï»Õ. μ³óÃáÕáõÙ
heroic [hi΄rəuik] a Ñ»ñáë³Ï³Ý: (μݳ·ñáõÙ):
heroine [΄herəuin] n Ñ»ñáëáõÑÇ: hibernate [΄haibəneit] v ÓÙ»é»É, ÓÙé³Ý ùáõÝ
heroism [΄herəuiz(ə)m] n Ñ»ñáëáõÃÛáõÝ: ÙïÝ»É. Bears ~ in winter ÒÙé³ÝÁ ³ñç»ñÁ
heron [΄herən] n ÓÏÝÏáõÉ: ùáõÝ »Ý ÙïÝáõÙ:
herpes [΄hə:pi:z] n μÅßÏ. ÙÏݳï³Ù, áñùÇÝ: hibernation [‚haibə΄nei∫n] n ÓÙ»éáó¬ ÓÙ»-
herring [΄heriŋ] n Íáí³ï³é»Ë, ѳñÇÝ·. é³Ýáó, ÓÙ»éí³ ùáõÝ, ÓÙ»éáõÙ£
red ~ ³åËï³Í ѳñÇÝ·. pickled ~ ÃÃáõ hiccup [΄hikΛp] n (ݳ¨ hiccough) ½Ïéïáó.
¹ñ³Í Íáí³ï³é»Ë: have a ~ ½Ïéï³É:
hers [hə:z] pron poss Ýñ³ÝÁ (Ç·.). The book is hick [hik] n ³Ù., ËëÏó. é³ÙÇÏ, ·»ÕçáõÏ.
~ ²Ûë ·ÇñùÁ Ýñ³ÝÝ ¿: ·»Õ³óÇ, ³Ýï³ß:
herself [hə:΄self] prn refl Çñ»Ý, ÇÝùÝ Çñ»Ý. hidden [΄hidn] a ·³ÕïÝÇ, óùáõÝ, óùÝ-
ask ~ ÇÝùÝ Çñ»Ý ѳñóÝ»É. She has hurt ~ ܳ í³Í. ~ treasure ·³ÝÓ. ~ meaning óùÝí³Í
Çñ»Ý íݳë»É ¿. by ~ ³é³ÝÓÇÝ, ÇÝùÝáõñáõÛÝ. ÇÙ³ëï. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ fault ³Ýï»ë³Ý»ÉÇ ³Ý-
She lives by ~ ܳ Ù»Ý³Ï ¿ ³åñáõÙ. She is not ë³ñùáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ file ·³ÕïÝÇ Ã³ùÝí³Í
~ today ²Ûëûñ ݳ Çñ»Ý ÝÙ³Ý ã¿. She keeps ~ ý³ÛÉ. ~ line ³Ýï»ë³Ý»ÉÇ ·ÇÍ. ~ surface
to ~ ܳ Çñ»Ý Ù»ÏáõëÇ ¿ å³ÑáõÙ: ³Ýï»ë³Ý»ÉÇ Ù³Ï»ñ»ë:
hesitant [΄hezitənt] a ³Ýí×é³Ï³Ý, ï³ï³Ý- hide [haid] n 1. ÙáñÃÇ. Ù³ßÏ, ϳßÇ. raw ~
íáÕ. be ~ about smth ï³ï³Ýí»É, ѳÙá½í³Í háõÙ/³ÝÙß³Ï Ï³ßÇ. ~ and hair ÉñÇí, ³ÙμáÕ-
ãÉÇÝ»É: çáõÃÛ³Ùμ. 2. v ϳßÇÝ ù»ñûÉ. ËëÏó. Ù»ÏÇ
hesitantly [΄hezitəntli] adv ³Ýí×é³Ï³- ϳßÇÝ ù»ñûÉ/ËÇëï å³ïÅ»É:
Ýáñ»Ý. answer ~ ³Ýí×é³Ï³Ý/ãѳÙá½í³Í hide [haid] v óùÝí»É, ͳÍÏí»É, å³Ñ
å³ï³ëË³Ý ï³É: ÙïÝ»É. óùóÝ»É. ͳÍÏ»É: ~ behind the cur-
hesitate [΄heziteit] v ï³ï³Ýí»É, í³ñ³Ý»É. tains í³ñ³·áõÛñÇ »ï¨áõ٠óùÝí»É. ~ the let-
»ñÏÙï»É. ~ over one’s reply ³ÝÙÇç³å»ë ter in the pocket ݳٳÏÁ ·ñå³Ýáõ٠óùóÁ-
ãå³ï³ë˳ݻÉ. We ~d about what to do next Ý»É, ~ the truth ×ßÙ³ñïáõÃÛáõÝÁ óùóÝ»É.
â·Çï»ÇÝù Ñ»ïá ÇÝ㠳ݻÉ. (ù³ßí»É) Don’t have nothing to ~ óùóÝ»Éáõ áãÇÝã ãáõݻݳÉ.
~ to ask ØÇ ù³ßí»ù, ѳñóñ»ù: ~ one’s face in one’s hands ¹»ÙùÁ Ó»éù»ñáí
hesitatingly [΄heziteitiŋli] adv í³ñ³Ý»Éáí, ͳÍÏ»É:
³Ýí×é³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý£ hide-and-seek [‚haidn΄si:k] n å³ÑÙïá-
hesitation [‚hezi΄tei∫n] n ï³ï³ÝáõÙ, ³Ý- óÇ/ï³÷ÏÝáóÇ. play ~ å³ÑÙïáóÇ/
í×é³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ï³ñ³Ïáõë³Ýù. have no ~ ï³÷ÏÝáóÇ Ë³Õ³É:
ѳÙá½í³Í ÉÇÝ»É. (ϳϳ½»É) have a ~ in hide-bound [΄haidbaund] a ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï,
one’s speech ϳϳ½»É: Ý»Õ Ñ³Û³óùÝ»ñÇ ï»ñ. be ~ ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï/
heterodox [΄hetərəudɒks] a ³Ûɳ¹³í³Ý. Ý»Õ׳ϳï ÉÇÝ»É:
heterogeneous [‚hetərəu΄dзi:niəs] a ï³ñ³- hideous [΄hidiəs] a ï·»Õ, ųÝï³ï»ëÇÉ. ~
ë»é, ³Ûɳë»é: crime ëáëϳÉÇ á×Çñ. a ~ noise ËëÏó. ³Ñ³-
hew [hju:] v ѳï»É, ϳóÇÝáí Ïïñ»É. ~ down íáñ/ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ ³ÕÙáõÏ:
Ïïñ»É, ·»ïÇÝ ï³å³É»É. ~ down a tree hiding I [΄haidiŋ] n Í»Í, óÏáó. give a good
ͳéÁ ·»ïÇÝ ï³å³É»É. ~ off Ïïñ»É, ѳ- ~ ÙÇ É³í ͻͻÉ, ùáóϻɣ
ï»É. ~ off a large branch ÙÇ Ù»Í ×ÛáõÕ Ïïñ»É. hiding II [΄haidiŋ] n (ݳ¨ ~ place) óùëïáó,
~ out ï³ß»É: óùëï³ñ³Ý. in ~ ÷³ËáõëïÇ Ù»ç. ÷³ËÁë-
hewer [΄hju:ə] n ù³ñï³ß, ÷³Ûï³Ñ³ï: ï³Ï³Ý:
hexameter [hek΄sæmitə] n ·ñÏÝ. Ñ»·½³- hierarchy [΄haira:ki] n ëïáñ³Ï³ñ·áõÃÛáõÝ,
Ù»ïñ. í»ó³ã³÷ áï³Ý³íáñ: ÑÇ»ñ³ñËdz. »Ï»Õ. ÝíÇñ³å»ïáõÃÛáõÝ:
higgle 396 highness

hi-fi (Ïñ×. high fidelity-Çó) [΄haifai] n Ó³ÛÝÇ ë³ÑÙ³Ý. ~ density μ³ñÓñ ËïáõÃÛáõÝ:
³ñï³μ»ñÙ³Ý/í»ñ³ñï³¹ñÙ³Ý μ³ñÓñ high [hai] adv μ³ñÓñ, áõÅ»Õ Ï»ñåáí, ë³ë-
áñ³Ï: ~ equipment/set Ó³ÛÝÇ í»ñ³ñ- ïÇÏ ~ in the sky μ³ñÓñ »ñÏÝùáõÙ. ~ and low
ï³¹ñÙ³Ý μ³ñÓñáñ³Ï ѳٳϳñ·: ³Ù»Ýáõñ»ù. stand ~ ѳñ·í³Í ÉÇÝ»É. play ~
higgle [΄higl] v »ñϳñ ë³Ï³ñÏ»É, ã³ñãÇáõ- Ù»Í ·áõÙ³ñáí ˳ճÉ. run ~ ½³Ûñ³Ý³É,
ÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É: Ñáõ½í»É. Feelings were running ~ Îñù»ñÁ μáñ-
higgledy-piggledy [‚higldi-pigldi]1. n Édz- μáùíáõÙ ¿ÇÝ:
ϳï³ñ ˳éݳß÷áÃáõÃÛáõÝ. 2. a ˳éݳ- highball [΄haibɔ:l] n ëá¹³Û³çñáí íÇëÏÇ:
ß÷áÃ. 3. adv ˳éݳß÷áà íÇ׳ÏáõÙ. The high-born [΄haibɔ:n] a ³½Ýí³ïáÑÙ, ³½ÝÁ-
toys lay ~ on the floor ʳճÉÇùÝ»ñÁ ˳é- í³½³ñÙ, ³½Ýí³ÍÇÝ£
ÝÇËáõéÝ Ã³÷í³Í ¿ÇÝ Ñ³ï³ÏÇÝ: high-bred [΄haibred] a ³½Ýí³½³ñÙ£
Ñigh [hai] n û¹»ñ¨Ã. ³ÝïÇóÇÏÉáÝ, μ³ñÓñ highbrow [΄haibrau] n ÇÝï»É»Ïïáõ³É:
×ÝßÙ³Ý ¹³ßï: highclass [‚hai΄kla:s] a ¹³ñÓñ ¹³ëÇ, ³é³ç-
high [hai] a μ³ñÓñ, ½·³ÉÇ. ~ ceiling/hill/tower ݳϳñ·:
μ³ñÓñ ³é³ëï³Õ/μÉáõñ/³ßï³ñ³Ï. the ~est high-coloured [‚hai΄kΛləd] a ߳鳷áõÛÝ,
floor í»ñçÇÝ Ñ³ñÏÁ. ~ tide/water Ù³ÏÁÝó- ϳñÙÇñ. í³é, å³Ûͳé. Ï»¹³ÝÇ:
óáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ wind áõÅ»Õ ù³ÙÇ. »ñÅß. ½ÇÉ, high-flown [‚hai΄fləun] a í»ñ³Ùμ³ñÓ, ×á-
μ³ñÓñ a ~ key/voice μ³ñÓñ Ó³Ûݳë³ÑÙ³Ý éáÙ:
(é»·Çëïñ). ½ÇÉ Ó³ÛÝ. (ٳϳñ¹³Ï) ~ rank high-flyer [‚hai΄flaiə] n ÷³é³ë»ñ, ÷³é³-
μ³ñÓñ³ëïÇ׳Ý. ~ pay/wages μ³ñÓñ ÙáÉ:
³ß˳ï³í³ñÓ. ~ interest/taxes Ù»Í ïáÏáë, high-frequency [‚hai΄fri:kwənsi] a μ³ñÓñ
μ³ñÓñ ѳñÏ»ñ. ~ quality μ³ñÓñáñ³Ï. ~ cost ѳ׳˳ϳÝáõÃÛ³Ý. ϳñ׳ÉÇù:
of living óÝÏ ³åñáõëï. ï»Ë. ~ frequency high-grade [΄haigreid] a μ³ñÓñáñ³Ï,
μ³ñÓñ ѳ׳˳ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ explosive ³½Ýí³ï»ë³Ï:
áõÅ»Õ å³ÛÃáõóÇÏ ÝÛáõà ~ gear μ³ñÓñ³·áõÛÝ highland [΄hailənd] n ë³ñ³Ñ³ñÃ, É»éݳ-
³ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝ. ÷á˳ÝóáõÙ. ~ speed μ³ñÓñ ѳñÃ. É»éݳÛÇÝ »ñÏÇñ. μ³ñÓñ³í³Ý¹³Ï.
³ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝ. ~ spirited Ëǽ³Ë, ³ñÇ, ~ ten- ~s the H~s ÞáïɳݹdzÛÇ ÑÛáõëÇë³ÛÇÝ
sion μ³ñÓñ ɳñáõÙ. ~ blood pressure ³ñÛ³Ý Ù³ëÁ:
μ³ñÓñ ×ÝßáõÙ. ~ official μ³ñÓñ³ëïÇ×³Ý Highlander [΄hailəndə] n É»éݳμݳÏ. Scot-
å³ßïáÝÛ³. ~ position μ³ñÓñ ¹Çñù/å³ß- tish ~ ßáïɳݹ³óÇ É»éݳμݳÏ:
ïáÝ. ~ society μ³ñÓñ ѳë³ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ~ highlight [΄hailait] 1. n ÑÇÙݳϳÝ/ϳñ¨áñ
ideals íë»Ù ǹ»³ÉÝ»ñ/·³Õ³÷³ñÝ»ñ. a ~ ѳñó/Ï»ï/å³Ñ. be in the ~ áõß³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý
opinion μ³ñÓñ/Ù»Í Ï³ñÍÇù. ~ spirits ɳí/ Ï»ÝïñáÝáõÙ ÉÇÝ»É. The concert was the ~ of
μ³ñÓñ ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ and mighty Ù»- the week гٻñ·Á ß³μ³Ãí³ ³Ù»Ý³í³é
ͳÙÇï. ~ words áõÅ»Õ ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÃÛáõÝ- Çñ³¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝÝ ¿ñ. show the ~s óáõÛó ï³É
Ý»ñ. ~ and low ³Ù»Ý ϳñ·Ç. ³Ù»Ýáõñ»ù, ëáõñ/ɳñí³Í å³Ñ»ñÁ 2. v Ù»Í Ý߳ݳÏáõ-
³Ù»Ý ï»Õ. in the ~est degree ·»ñ³·áõÛÝ ÃÛáõÝ/ϳñ¨áñáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É. ѳïáõÏ Ýß»É. 3.
³ïÇ׳ÝÇ. (μ³ñÓñ³·áõÛÝ Ï»ï) ~ noon a ÑÙÏñ·. í³é Áݹ·Íí³Í, »ñ¨³óáÕ:
×Çßï Ï»ëûñ. in ~ summer ûŠ³Ùé³ÝÁ. It is highlighted [΄hailaitid] a í³é Áݹ·Íí³Í,
~ time ì³Õáõó ųٳݳÏÝ ¿. (ÙÇ ùÇã ÷ã³- »ñ¨³óáÕ:
ó³Í/Ñáï³Í) The fish is ~ ÒϳÝÁ ÙÇ ùÇã Ñáï highly [΄haili] adv ËÇëï, ë³ëïÇÏ. μ³ñ»-
¿ Ïå»É. ~ altitude Ù»Í μ³ñÓñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ flying Ýå³ëï Ï»ñåáí. a ~ paid official μ³ñÓñ
ÃéÇãù Ù»Í μ³ñÓñáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³. ~ and dry ³÷ í׳ñíáÕ å³ßïáÝÛ³. think ~ μ³ñÓñ ϳñ-
Ý»ïí³Í (ݳíÇ Ù³ëÇÝ). ÷Ëμ. Éùí³Í, Ù»- ÍÇùÇ, ÉÇÝ»É/·Ý³Ñ³ï»É. ~ desirable ËÇëï/
Ý³Ï Ùݳó³Í. ~ school ÙÇçݳϳñ· ¹åñáó. ß³ï ó³ÝϳÉÇ. ~ developed country μ³ñÓñ
~er school/education μ³ñÓñ³·áõÛÝ ¹åñáó/ ½³ñ·³ó³Í »ñÏÇñ, a ~ amusing story ËÇëï
ÏñÃáõÃÛáõÝ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ bit ³í³· μÇÃ/ϳñ·. ½í³ñ׳ÉÇ å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ: ~ polished áõÅ»Õ/
~ level language μ³ñÓñ ٳϳñ¹³ÏÇ É»½áõ. ~ ËÇëï ÷³ÛÉ»óñ³Í:
order digit ÃíÇ ³í³· ϳñ·. ~ bound í»ñÇÝ high-minded [‚hai΄maindid] a ٻͳÑá·Ç,
high-pitched 397 hintingly

³½ÝÇí: hilltop [΄hiltɒp] n μÉñÇ ·³·³Ã/ϳï³ñ:


highness [΄hainəs] n μ³ñÓñáõÃÛáõÝ (ݳ¨ hilly [΄hili] a μÉñ³Í³ÍÏ, É»éÝáï. ~ country
ïÇïÕáë). Your H ~ Ó»ñ¹ μ³ñÓñáõÃÛáõÝ: μÉñáï ï»Õ³Ýù:
high-pitched [‚hai΄pit∫t] a ½ÇÉ, μ³ñÓñ. ~ hilt [hilt] n ÏáÃ, μéݳÏ. up to the ~ ÙÇÝã¨
voice ½ÇÉ Ó³ÛÝ. ~ roof ëñ³Í³Ûñ ï³ÝÇù: ÏáÃÁ:
high-powered [‚hai΄pauəd] a ѽáñ. ÷Ëμ. him [him] prn pers Ýñ³, Ýñ³Ý (³ñ.).
³½¹»óÇÏ. ~ engine ѽáñ ß³ñÅÇã. ~ person ËëÏó. ݳ. That’s ~ (¸³ ) ܳ ¿£
³½¹»óÇÏ Ù³ñ¹: a high-rise ~ buildings μ³ñÓ- himself [him΄self] prn refl Çñ»Ý, ÇÝùÝ Çñ»Ý.
ñ³μ»ñÓ ß»Ýù»ñ: for ~ Çñ ѳٳñ. hurt ~ ÇÝùÝ Çñ»Ý íݳë»É.
high-souled [‚hai΄səuld] a í»Ñ³ÝÓÝ, ³½ÝÇí: come to ~ áõßùÇ ·³É. (ÇÝùÁ) He said ~ ܳ
high-spirited [‚hai΄spiritid] a ³ßËáõÛÅ. ÇÝùÝ ³ë³ó. He lives by ~ ܳ Ù»Ý³Ï ¿ ³å-
ѳٳñÓ³Ï, Ïñ³Ïáï. ~ child ³ßËáõÛÅ »ñ»- ñáõÙ. He did all by ~ ܳ ÇÝùÝ ³ñ»ó ³Û¹ μá-
˳. ~ young man ѳٳñÓ³Ï »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹. ÉáñÁ. He’s not ~ today ²Ûëûñ ݳ Çñ»Ý ÝÙ³Ý
~ horse Ïñ³Ïáï ÓÇ: ã¿. He keeps ~ to ~ ܳ Çñ»Ý Ù»ÏáõëÇ ¿ å³-
high-strung [‚hai΄strΛŋ] a ¹Ûáõñ³½·³, ÑáõÙ:
½·³Û³óáõÝó£ hind [haind] n »ÕÝÇÏ:
high-tension [‚hai΄ten∫n] a ¿É. μ³ñÓñ ɳ- hind [haind] a Ñ»ï¨Ç, Ñ»ïÇÝ. ~ leg Ñ»ï¨Ç
ñáõÙ: áïùÁ:
high-up [΄haiΛp] 1. a μ³ñÓñ³¹Çñ. ÷Ëμ. hinder [΄haində] v ˳ݷ³ñ»É, ËáãÁݹáï
μ³ñÓñ³ëïÇ׳Ý, μ³ñÓñ ¹Çñù áõÝ»óáÕ. 2. ѳݹÇë³Ý³É. ³ñ·»Éù ѳñáõó»É. The
n ËëÏó. ϳñ¨áñ ³ÝÓݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ, »ñ¨»ÉÇ weather ~ed the excursion ºÕ³Ý³ÏÁ ËáãÁÝ-
Ù³ñ¹: ¹áï»ó ¿ùëÏáõñëdzÛÇÝ. Don’t ~ me ØÇ Ë³Ý-
highway [΄haiwei] n Ù»Í, μ³ÝáõÏ ×³Ý³- ·³ñÇ ÇÝÓ:
å³ñÑ. Ù³ÛñáõÕÇ. ÷Ëμ. áõÕÇÕ ×³Ý³å³ñÑ: hindmost [΄haindməust] a ³Ù»Ý³h»ï¨Ç,
highwayman [΄haiweimən] n (Ù»Í ×³Ý³- ³Ù»Ý³í»ñçÇÝ:
å³ñÑÇ) ³í³½³Ï: hindrance [΄hindrəns] n ³ñ·»Éù. ËáãÁÝ-
hijack [΄haidзæk] v ³é¨³Ý·»É (÷á˳¹ñ³- ¹áï. I don’t want to be a ~ â»Ù áõ½áõÙ ³ñ-
ÙÇçáó). ~ a plain/a train ÇÝùݳÃÇé/·Ý³óù ·»Éù ѳݹÇë³Ý³É:
³é¨³Ý·»É. ·Ý³óùÇ íñ³ ѳñÓ³ÏáõÙ ·áñ- hindsight [΄haindsait] n h»ï³¹³ñÓ Ñ³-
Í»É: Û³óù. ³ÝÑ»é³ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ. It’s easy to see
hijacker [΄haidзækə] n ³é¨³Ý·Çã, û¹³Ñ»Ý: with ~ лﳹ³ñÓ Ñ³Û³óùáí Ñ»ßï ¿ ѳë-
hike [haik] n ËëÏó. ½μáë³Ýù. Ñ»ïÇáïÝ Ï³Ý³É:
áõÕ¨íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. é½Ù. é³½Ù»ñÃ. go for a ~ hinge [hindз] 1. n Ñṳϳå, ѳݷáõÛó.
Ñ»ïÇáïÝ/áïáí áõÕ¨áñí»É. ÏñáõÝÏ, ³é³Ýóù. The door has come off its ~
hike [haik] v áïùáí ·Ý³É, ½μáëÝ»É, ó÷³- ¸áõéÁ ѳݷáõÛóÝ»ñÇó ¹áõñë ¿ »Ï»É. 2. v
é»É. go ~ ing in the mountains ë³ñ»ñÁ μ³ñÓ- ³é³Ýóùáí ³Ùñ³óÝ»É (ϳËáõÙ áõݻݳÉ)
ñ³Ý³É. (Ñ»ïÇáïÝ áõÕ¨áñáõÃÛáõÝ)£ Everything ~s on the weather/director ²Ù»Ý ÇÝã
hiker [΄haikə] n Ñ»ïÇáïÝ ½μáë³ßñçÇÏ: ϳËí³Í ¿ »Õ³Ý³ÏÇó/ïÝûñ»ÝÇó:
hiking [΄haikiŋ] n ½μáë³Ýù£ hint [hint] n ³ÏݳñÏ. drop/give a ~ ³ÏݳñÏ
hilarious [hi΄leəriəs] a áõñ³Ë, ½í³ñÃ, ³Ý»É, ³ÏݳñÏ»É. take a ~ ³ÏݳñÏÁ ѳë-
½í³ñ׳ÉÇ. have a ~ time ½í³ñ׳ݳÉ, ϳݳÉ. (ËáñÑáõñ¹) a ~ for car-owners Ëáñ-
áõñ³Ë Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ³ÝóϳóÝ»É. ~ stories Ñáõñ¹ Ù»ù»Ý³ï»ñ»ñÇÝ. (Ñ»ïù, ÝßáõÛÉ) with-
½í³ñ׳ÉÇ/ÍÇͳջÉÇ å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: out a ~ of mockery ³é³Ýó ͳÕñÇ ÝßáõÛÉÇ. a
hilarity [hi΄lærəti] n áõñ³ËáõÃÛáõÝ, ½í³ñ- slight ~ of irony »ñ·ÇͳÝùÇ ÙÇ Ã»Ã¨ »ñ³Ý·.
×áõÃÛáõÝ: add just a ~ of vanilla ÙÇ ÝßáõÛÉ í³ÝÇÉ
hill [hil] n μÉáõñ, μ³ñÓáõÝù. chain of ~s μÉñ³- ³í»É³óÝ»É:
ßÕó. on top of a ~ μÉñÇ ·³·³ÃÇÝ: hint [hint] v ³ÏݳñÏ»É, ³ÏݳñÏ ³Ý»É. He
hillock [΄hilək] n μÉñ³Ï: ~ed that he would agree ܳ ³ÏݳñÏ»ó, áñ
hillside [΄hilsaid] n μÉñÇ É³Ýç. ÏѳٳӳÛÝíÇ. What are you ~ing at? ƱÝã »ù
hip I 398 hitch hike

³ÏݳñÏáõÙ. ƱÝã »ù áõ½áõÙ ³ë»É: ·áõÛÝ/ÙÇçÇÝ ¹³ñ»ñÇ/ųٳݳϳÏÇó/μݳ-


hintingly [΄hintiŋli] adv áñå»ë ³ÏݳñÏ, Ï³Ý å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ. make ~ å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ
³ÏݳñÏÇ Ó¨áí. ëï»ÕÍ»É. ~ of the events Çñ³¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝÝ»-
hip I [hip] n ³½¹ñ, ½Çëï. measurments round ñÇ ÁÝóóù. The house has a strange ~ ²Ûë
the ~ ³½¹ñ»ñÇ Í³í³ÉÁ. with hands on one’s ïáõÝÁ ï³ñûñÇÝ³Ï å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝÇ. go
~s Ó»éù»ñÁ ϳÝóÍ: down in ~ å³ïÙáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç Ëáñ³Ý³É£
hip II [hip] n Ù³ëáõñ: histrionic [‚histri΄ɒnik]1. n óï»ñ³Ï³Ý
hip III [hip] n ËëÏó. íѳïáõÃÛáõÝ, íÇñ³- ³ñí»ëï/Ý»ñϳ۳óáõÙ. 2. a óï»ñ³Ï³Ý,
íáñí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. be ~ped íÇñ³íáñí³Í ÉÇÝ»É: ³ÝμݳϳÝ, ßÇÝÍáõ:
hip-bath [΄hipba:θ] n í³Ýݳ ÙÇÝ㨠·áïϳ- histrionics [‚histri΄ɒniks] n ßÇÝÍáõ/óï»-
ï»Õ: ñ³Ï³Ý ï»ë³ñ³ÝÝ»ñ. No ~ please ²é³Ýó
hippocket [΄hippɒkit] n »ï¨Ç ·ñå³Ý: ³í»Éáñ¹ ï»ë³ñ³ÝÝ»ñÇ, Ëݹñ»Ù:
hippopotamus (Ïñ×. hippo) [‚hipə΄pɒtə- hit [hit] n ѳñí³Í, ½³ñÏ, Ýß³ÝÇÝ Ë÷»ÉÁ.
məs] n ·»ï³ÓÇ: score a direct ~ áõÕÇÕ Ýß³ÝÇÝ Ë÷»É. a ~ at
hire [΄haiə] n í³ñÓáõÙ, í³ñÓáõÛÃ, í³ñӳϳ- smn ÃßÝ³Ù³Ï³Ý »ÉáõÛÃ/ͳÕñ³Ï³Ý ѳñ-
ÉáõÙ. ~ purchace ³å³éÇÏ ·ÝáõÙ. ~ of a build- Ó³ÏáõÙ áñ¨¿ Ù»ÏÇ ¹»Ù. (³ñí»ëï) ѳçá-
ing ß»Ýù í³ñÓ»ÉÁ. work for ~ í³ñÓáí ³ß- ÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ѳçáÕ/É³í³·áõÛÝ ÷áñÓ. The film
˳ï»É. let out on ~ í³ñÓáí/í³ñÓáõÛÃáí was a big ~ ÎÇÝáÝϳñÁ Ù»Í Ñ³çáÕáõÃÛáõÝ
ï³É: áõÝ»ó³í. ~ songs ѳÝñ³×³Ý³ã »ñ·»ñ. ~
hire [΄haiə] v í³ñÓ»É, í³ñÓáí í»ñóÝ»É. ~ by parade ³ëïÕ»ñÇ ßù»ñÃ:
the day ûñ³í³ñÓáí í³ñÓ»É. ~ a hall ¹³ÑÉÇ× hit [hit] v Ë÷»É, ѳñí³Í»É. ~ smn on the head
í³ñÓ»É. ~ a dress/a piano ѳ·áõëï/¹³ßݳ- ·ÉËÇÝ Ë÷»É. ~ a heavy blow ͳÝñ ѳñí³Í
Ùáõñ í³ñÓáõÛÃáí í»ñóÝ»É. ~ out í³ñÓáí ѳëóÝ»É. The lightning ~ the tree γÛͳÏÁ
ï³É. ~ out a bycicle/a car/a boat ѻͳÝÇí/ Ù»- Ë÷»ó ͳéÇÝ. Don’t ~ the child! ØÇ° Í»ÍÇñ
ù»Ý³/ݳí³Ï í³ñÓáí ï³É: »ñ»Ë³ÛÇÝ. ~ and run case íñ³»ñà ÷³Ëáõë-
hired [΄haiəd] a í³ñÓáõ. a ~ assassin í³ñÓáõ ïáí. ~ a ball Ùñ½. ѳñí³Í ·Ý¹³ÏÇÝ. ~ a
Ù³ñ¹³ëå³Ý. ~ help ïݳÛÇÝ ³ß˳ïáÕ: winner Ùñ½. ѳÕóϳÝ/»½ñ³÷³ÏÇã ѳñ-
hireling [΄haiəliŋ] n í³ñÓϳÝ, í³ñÓíáñ: í³Í ϳï³ñ»É. Ýß³ÝÇÝ, Ýå³ï³Ï³Ï»ïÇÝ
hire purchase [‚haiə΄pə:t∫əs] n ï³ñ³Å³Ù- Ë÷»É. ~ by a snowball Óݳ·Ý¹ÇÏáí Ë÷»É.
Ï»ï/ Ù³ë-Ù³ë í׳ñáõÙáí ·ÝáõÙ. buy smth The bullet ~ his arm ö³Ù÷áõßïÁ Ïå³í Ýñ³
on ~ ï³ñ³Å³ÙÏ»ï í׳ñáõÙáí ·Ýáõ٠ϳ- èÇÝ. The building was ~ by a bomb èáõÙμÁ
ï³ñ»É. be late with ~ payments í׳ñáõÙÝ»ñÁ ÁÝϳí ß»ÝùÇ íñ³. (Áݹѳñí»É) The car ~ a
áõß³óÝ»É: tree/a wall Ø»ù»Ý³Ý Ë÷»ó ͳéÇÝ/å³ïÇÝ.
hirsute [΄hə:sju:t] a Ù³½áï, μñ¹áï: be ~ by a car Ø»ù»Ý³ÛÇ ï³Ï ÁÝÏÝ»É. ÷Ëμ. ~
his [hiz] prn poss Ýñ³, Ýñ³ÝÁ. (³ñ.) This cap the pocket ·ñå³ÝÇÝ Ë÷»É. ~ one’s eye ³ãùÇ
is ~ ²Ûë ·É˳ñÏÁ Ýñ³ÝÝ ¿. ~ house/coat/fu- ½³ñÝ»É. ~ a problem åñáμÉ»ÙÇ ³é³ç ϳݷ-
ture Ýñ³ ïáõÝÁ/í»ñ³ñÏáõÝ/³å³·³Ý: Ý»É. ~ off ÝٳݳϻÉ, ÁݹûñÇݳϻÉ. The por-
hiss [his] n ýßßáó, Ãßßáó, ëáõÉáó: trait ~s him off exactly ¸ÇÙ³ÝϳñÁ ß³ï
hiss [his] v ýßß³É, Ãßß³É, ëáõÉ»É. The snake ÝÙ³Ý ¿ Ýñ³Ý. It’s time to ~ the road ijٳ-
was ~ing úÓÁ ýßß³óÝáõÙ ¿ñ. ~ an actor/a play ݳÏÝ ¿ ׳ݳå³ñÑí»É. ~ back å³ï³ë˳Ý
(~ off/away) ëáõÉ»Éáí ¹»ñ³ë³ÝÇÝ μ»ÙÇó ѳñí³Í ï³É. a ~ or miss case μ³Ëï³-
ùß»É. ëáõÉ»Éáí Ý»ñϳ۳óáõÙÁ ï³å³É»É: å³í»Ý ¹»åù. ~ it ·ÉËÇ ÁÝÏ»É, ·áõ߳ϻÉ. I ~
historian [hi΄stɔ:riən] n å³ïÙ³μ³Ý, an idea ¶ÉËáõÙë ÙÇ ÙÇïù ͳ·»ó:
å³ïÙ³·Çñ£ hitch [hit∫] n ѳݷáõÛó, ϳå. ÷Ëμ. ËáãÁÝ-
historic(al) [hi΄stɒrik(l)] a å³ïٳϳÝ: ¹áï. There ‘s been a ~ ËáãÁݹáï ϳñ. All
historically [hi΄stɒrikli] adv å³ïٳϳ- went off without a ~ ²Ù»Ý ÇÝã ß³ï ѳñà áõ
Ýáñ»Ý: ѳݷÇëï ³Ýó³í:
history [΄histri] n å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ. aincient/me- hitch [hit∫] v ù³ß»É, Ó·»É, ϳå»É. ~ a rope on
diaeval/modern/natural/contemporary ~ Ñݳ- to a branch å³ñ³ÝÁ ×ÛáõÕÇó ϳå»É (Ó·»-
hitch-hiker 399 hold II

Éáí). ~ up one’s trousers ß³Éí³ñÁ í»ñ ù³ß»É: hobby [΄hɒbi] n ëÇñ³Í ½μ³ÕÙáõÝù/ûٳ.
hitch hike [΄hit∫haik] v ³Ù. ÝáõÛÝÁÝóó Ù»- ride/mount a ~ Çñ ëÇñ³Í ÝÛáõÃÇ ßáõñçÁ Ëá-
ù»Ý³Ûáí ³Ýí׳ñ ׳ݳå³ñÑáñ¹»É. ï»- ë»É:
ÕÇó ï»Õ ·Ý³É: He ~d to Boston ܳ ´áëïáÝ hobby-horse [΄hɒbihɔ:s] n ÷³Ûï» Ë³Õ³-
ѳë³í ÝáõÛÝÁÝóó Ù»ù»Ý³Ý»ñáí: ÉÇù ÓÇ. ѳÕóÓÇ (ëÇñ³Í ûٳ) start on
hitch-hiker [΄hit∫haikə] n å³ï³Ñ³Ï³Ý one’s ~ Çñ ѳÕóÓÇÝ Ñ»ÍÝ»É. ëÇñ³Í û-
Ù»ù»Ý³Ý»ñáí ï»ÕÇó ï»Õ ·Ý³óáÕ. He is a Ù³ÛÇ ßáõñçÁ Ëáë»É:
great ~ êÇñáõÙ ¿ ÝáõÛÝÁÝóó Ù»ù»Ý³Ý»ñáí hobgoblin [‚hɒb΄gɒblin] n ÷áùñÇÏ ë³ï³-
׳Ù÷áñ¹»É: ݳ. ë³ï³Ý³ÛÇ ×áõï. ï³Ý á·Ç:
hither [΄hiðə] adv ³Ûëï»Õ. ~ and thither ³Ûë- hobnail [΄hɒbneil] n Ù»Í ·ÉËáí Ù»Ë/·³Ù.
ï»Õ ¨ ³ÛÝï»Õ. ÏáßÇÏÇ å³Ûï:
hitherto [‚hiðə΄tu:] adv ÙÇÝ㨠ÑÇÙ³ (Ý»ñϳ). hobnailed [΄hɒbneild] a å³Ûï³Í, ·³Ù³Í.
ÙÇÝã ³Û¹ (³ÝóÛ³É): ~ boots å³Ûï³Í ÏáßÇÏÝ»ñ:
hive [haiv] n (ݳ¨ bee-~) ÷»Ã³Ï, å³ñë. hob-nob [΄hɒbnɒb] v ÙdzëÇÝ ËÙ»É/μ³Å³Ï
÷Ëμ. Ù»Õí³Ýáó. I lost the whole ~ ²ÙμáÕç μéÝ»É. ~ with smb ÁÝÏ»ñ³Ý³É, Ùï»ñٳݳÉ:
å³ñëÁ ë³ïÏ»ó. The office was like a ~ hobo [΄həubəu] n ³Ù. ó÷³é³ßñçÇÏ:
ÐÇÙݳñÏáõÙ ³ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ »éáõ½»é ¿ñ: hock I [hɒk] n ϻݹ³Ýáõ çÇÉ:
hive [haiv] v ÷»Ã³ÏÇ Ù»ç ¹Ý»É. Ó³·/å³ñë hock II [hɒk] n (·ÇÝÇ) é»ÛÝí³ÛÝ, Ñé»ÝáëÛ³Ý
ï³É. ËÙμí»É. ~ off ÷Ëμ. ³Ýç³ïí»É. Some ·ÇÝÇ:
of party ~d off ÊÙμÇ ÙÇ Ù³ëÁ ³Ýç³ïí»ó: hockey [΄hɒki] n ٳϳݳ˳Õ. ice ~ Ñáù»Û
hives [haivz] n pl μÇÍ, ó³Ý, »ÕÝç³ï»Ý¹: ï³÷ûÕ³Ïáí. ~ stick Ñáù»ÛÇ Ù³Ï³Ý. ~ field
hoar [hɔ:] 1. n »ÕÛ³Ù. óÝÓñ Ù³é³ËáõÕ. Ñáù»ÛÇ ¹³ßï. ~ player Ñáù»Çëï:
÷Ëμ. Í»ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ÑÝáõÃÛáõÝ. 2. a ëåÇï³Ï, hocus [΄həukəs] v ÑÇÙ³ñ³óÝ»É, ˳μ»Éáí
³É»Ñ»ñ. »ÕÛ³Ùáí ͳÍÏí³Í: ÑÇÙ³ñ ¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ¹Ý»É:
hoard [hɔ:d] n å³ß³ñ, å³Ñáõëï, ·³ÝÓ. a hocus-pocus [‚həukəs΄pəukəs] n ³×å³ñ³-
squirrel’s ~ of nuts ëÏÛáõéÇ ÁÝÏáõÛ½Ç å³ß³ñ- ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ãù³Ï³åáõÃÛáõÝ. ýáÏáõë:
Ý»ñÁ. a miser’s ~ ÅɳïÇ ·³ÝÓ»ñÁ. a ~ of bank- hoe [həu] n ÃáËñ£
notes ÃÕó¹ñ³ÙÝ»ñÇ ÏáõÛï: hoe [həu] v ÃáËñáí ÑáÕÁ ÷Ëñ»óÝ»É. ~ the
hoard [hɔ:d] v Ùûñ»É, å³ß³ñ»É. ÏÇï»É, ¹Ç- ground ÑáÕÁ ÷Ëñ»óÝ»É. ~ in the garden ³Û·áõ
½»É. ~ one’s money ÷áÕ Ïáõï³Ï»É. ~ provi- ÑáÕÁ ÷Ëñ»óÝ»É:
sion Ùûñù å³ß³ñ»É. ~ old journals å³Ñ»É hog [hɒg] n Ïéï³Í Ëá½. greedy ~ ÷Ëμ.
ÑÇÝ ³Ùë³·ñ»ñÁ: ËëÏó. ß³ï³Ï»ñ£
hoarding [΄hɔ:diŋ] n ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»- hog [hɒg] v ËÅé»É, ѳ÷ßï³Ï»É. He ~ged all
ñÇ/·áí³½¹Ý»ñÇ ï³Ëï³Ï£ the food ³ÙμáÕç áõï»ÉÇùÁ ËÅé»ó. ~ the li-
hoar-frost [‚hɔ:΄frɒst] n »ÕÛ³Ù: melight ÷Ëμ. ³ÙμáÕç ÷³éùÁ Çñ»Ý Ûáõñ³ó-
hoarse [hɔ:s] a Ëéåáï. become ~ Ëéåáï»É. Ý»É. ~ the road ³ÙμáÕç ׳ݳå³ñÑÁ ½μ³-
cry oneself ~ μÕ³í»É/ɳó»É ÙÇÝ㨠Ëéåáï»- Õ»óÝ»É:
ÉÁ. in a ~ voice Ëéåáï Ó³ÛÝáí: hoggish [΄hɒgi∫] a Ëá½³ÝÙ³Ý, Ëá½³ÛÇÝ.
hoary [΄hɔ:ri] a ëåÇï³Ï, ×»ñÙ³Ï, ³É»Ñ»ñ. Ï»Õïáï:
Í»ñ, ÑÇÝ: hogshead [΄hɒgzhed] n Ëáßáñ ï³Ï³é£
hoax [həuks] 1. n Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ׳ñ- hoist [hɔist] n í»ñ»É³Ï, ³Ùμ³ñÓÇã. μ³ñÓñ³-
åÇÏ ³ñ³ñù. ϳï³Ï³Ë³Õ: 2. v ûÛÇÝ ë³ñ- óáõÙ:
ù»É. ϳï³Ïáí ˳μ»É. ~ smn into believing hoist [hɔist] v μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É. ~ up a sail/a flag
ϳï³Ïáí/˳μ»Éáí ѳí³ï³óÝ»É: ³é³·³ëï/¹ñáß μ³ñÓñ³óݻɣ
hobble [΄hɒbl] 1. n ϳÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ϳճÉÁ. hoist-bridge [΄hɔistbridз] n μ³óáíÇ Ï³-
¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝ: 2. v ϳճÉ, ϳճÉáí ù³Û- Ùáõñç£
É»É. ~ along ϳճÉáí ù³ÛÉ»É: hold I [həuld] n ݳí³Ùμ³ñ:
hobbledehoy [‚hɒbldi΄hɔi] n ³ÝßÝáñÑù, hold II [həuld] n ·ñ³íáõÙ, ½³íÃáõÙ,
³Ý×áéÝÇ ß³ñÅáõÓ¨»ñáí å³ï³ÝÇ: ѳ÷ßï³ÏáõÙ take/lay ~ of smth ÙÇ μ³Ý
hold 400 holiday

Ó»éݳñÏ»É. catch/seize ~ of smth μéÝ»É ÙÇ ½ëå»É, Ó·Ó·»É. ~ back the answer å³-
μ³Ý, ϳéã»É ÙÇ μ³ÝÇó. keep ~ of ï³ë˳ÝÁ Ó·Ó·»É. ~ down »ÝóñÏ»É, ëïá-
å³Ñ»É(Ó»éùáõÙ). leave ~ of (Ó»éùÇó) μ³ó ñ³¹³ëáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç å³Ñ»É. ~ forth ß³Õ³Ï-
ÃáÕÝ»É. get ~ of ׳ñ»É. get ~ of smn Ù»ÏÇÝ ñ³ï»É. ~ forth on some subject ß³Õ³Ïñ³ï»É
·ïÝ»É, μéݳóÝ»É. (³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ, Çß˳- áñ¨¿ ûٳÛÇ ßáõñçÁ. ~ off Ñ»éáõ å³Ñ»É. ~
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ) have ~ over smn Ù»ÏÇ íñ³ off an attack ѳñÓ³ÏáõÙÁ ϳë»óÝ»É. ~ on
Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ. keep ~ of oneself μéÝ»É, μéÝí»É. ~ on to the rope å³ñ³ÝÇó
Çñ»Ý ½ëå»É. get a firm ~ of ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ μéÝí»É. ~ out Ù»ÏÝ»É, å³ñ½»É. ~ out one’s
áõݻݳÉ. Ùñ½. μéÝáõÙ, μéÝí³Íù ~s on the hand Ó»éùÁ å³ñ½»É. as long as our food ~s out
ladder ³ëïÇ׳ÝÇ íñ³ μéÝ»Éáõ ï»Õ»ñ. No ³ÛÝù³Ý ųٳݳÏ, áñù³Ý Ïμ³í³ñ³ñÇ
~s are barred ÷Ëμ. ´áÉáñ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÁ É³í »Ý: Ù»ñ áõï»ÉÇùÁ. ~ over Ñ»ï³Ó·»É, å³Ñ»É. ~
hold [həuld] v μéÝ»É, áõݻݳÉ, å³Ñ»É, ïÇ- to ϳéã»É. ~ to one’s opinion Çñ ϳñÍÇùÇó
ñ»É. ~ smth in one’s hands/arms Ó»éù»ñÇ Ù»ç ϳéã»É. ~ together Ùdzíáñí»É, ÙdzݳÉ. ~ the
ÇÝã-áñ μ³Ý μéÝ»É/áõݻݳÉ. ~ smn’s hand Ù»- documents together ÷³ëï³ÃÕûñÁ Çñ³ñ
ÏÇ Ó»éùÁ μéÝ»É. ~ hands Çñ³ñ Ó»éù μéÝ»É, ÙdzóÝ»É/Ïó»É. ~ up å³Ñ»É, μéÝ»É. óáõó³-
Ó»éù-Ó»éùÇ ï³É. ~ one’s head/a flag high ¹ñ»É. ~ with ѳٳӳÛÝí»É, ѳí³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ
·ÉáõËÁ/¹ñáßÁ μ³ñÓñ å³Ñ»É ~ one’s nose ï³É. I don’t ~ with this idea ²Ûë ÙïùÇ Ñ»ï
ùÇÃÁ μéÝ»É. ~ in trust Çñ³í. ·áõÛù³ÛÇÝ Édz- ѳٳӳÛÝ ã»Ù£
½áñ³·Çñ áõݻݳÉ. ~ shares μ³ÅÝ»ïáÙë»ñ hold-back [΄həuldbæk] n ³ñ·»Éù, ËáãÁÝ-
áõݻݳÉ. (Ñ»ï å³Ñ»É. ½ëå»É) He could ¹áï:
hardly ~ the horses г½Çí ¿ñ ϳñáÕ³ÝáõÙ holder [΄həuldə] n ï»ñ, í³ñӳϳÉ, μ³ÅÝ»-
ÓÇ»ñÇÝ å³Ñ»É. There is no ~ing him Üñ³Ý ï»ñ. (μéÝÇã, μéÝ»Éáõ ѳñÙ³ñ³Ýù). pot ~
Ñݳñ³íáñ ã¿ ½ëå»É. ÷Ëμ., ËëÏó. (ÉëÝÏ.) ϳÃë³ÛÇ μéÝÇã. share ~ μ³ÅÝ»ï»ñ, ÷³-
Hold it! âß³ñÅí»°É ~ prisoner μ³Ýï Û³ï»ñ:
Ýëï»óÝ»É. ~ the money at the bank ÷áÕÁ holdfast [΄həuldfa:st] n μéÝáõÙ, ³Ùáõñ
μ³ÝÏáõÙ å³Ñ»É. ~ the ground ¹Çñù»ñÁ μéÝ»ÉÁ. in one`s ~ Ù»ÏÇ Ó»éùÇ Ù»ç. lose one’s
å³Ñå³Ý»É. ~ an office å³ßïáÝ í³ñ»É. ~ an ~ Ó»éùÇó μ³ó ÃáÕÝ»É:
audience ѳݹÇë³ï»ëÝ»ñÇ áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ holding [΄həuldiŋ] n ïÇñ³å»ïáõÙ, ÑáÕ³-
å³Ñ»É. ~ a record é»Ïáñ¹Á å³Ñå³Ý»É. The ïÇñáõÃÛáõÝ. (í³ñӳϳɳϳÝ) áõÝ»óí³Íù.
rule will ~ γÝáÝÁ áõÅÇ Ù»ç ¿. (å³ñáõ- majority ~ μ³ÅÝ»ïáÙë»ñÇ Ù»Í³Ù³ëÝáõ-
ݳϻÉ) The hall ~s 500 persons ¸³ÑÉÇ×áõÙ ÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ. ³ñÅ»ÃÕûñ, ³Ïódzݻñ
500 Ù³ñ¹ ¿ ï»Õ³íáñíáõÙ. The kettle ~s two áõݻݳÉÁ:
litres »۳ٳÝÁ »ñÏáõ ÉÇïñ çáõñ ¿ holdup [΄həuldΛp] n óɳÝ. Ó·Ó·áõÙ, å³-
å³ñáõݳÏáõÙ. ~ smth in one’s head ·ÉËáõÙ ÑáõÙ. »ñè»ÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ëó³ÝáõÙ:
å³Ñ»É. ~ surprises ³Ý³ÏÝϳÉÝ»ñ áõݻݳÉ. hole [həul] n ³Ýóù, ͳÏ, ×»Õù. a hole in a
(í³ñ»É, ï³Ý»É) ~ talks μ³Ý³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ stocking/shoe ·áõÉå³ÛÇ/ÏáßÇÏÇ Í³Ï. wear
í³ñ»É. ~ a meeting ÅáÕáí í³ñ»É. ~ examina- into ~s ³ÛÝù³Ý ѳ·Ý»É ÙÇÝ㨠ÉñÇí Ù³ßí»ÉÁ.
tions ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ³ÝóϳóÝ»É. ~ a recep- a ~ in the wall/roof ³Ýóù å³ïÇ Ù»ç/ï³ÝÇ-
tion ÁݹáõÝ»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñå»É. The ùáõÙ. a ~ in the defence ×»Õù å³ßïå³Ýáõ-
election was held in May ÀÝïñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç. (Ñáñ, ÷áë) a ~ in the road ÷áë
ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»ó³Ý Ù³ÛÇëÇÝ. (ѳٳñ»É) ~ smth ׳ݳå³ñÑÇÝ. be in a ~ ¹Åí³ñ ϳóáõÃÛ³Ý
impractical áã ·áñÍÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ»É. be ~ re- Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É. get smb out of a ~ ¹Åí³ñ ϳóáõ-
sponsible å³ï³ë˳ݳïáõ ÉÇÝ»É. ~ smn a ÃÛáõÝÇó ѳݻÉ. Money burns a ~ in his pockets
fool ËëÏó. Ù»ÏÇÝ ÑÇÙ³ñ ѳٳñ»É. be ~ not Üñ³ Ó»éùÇÝ ÷áÕ»ñÁ ã»Ý ¹ÇÙ³ÝáõÙ. pick ~s
guilty ³ÝÙ»Õ Ñ³Ù³ñí»É. (¹ÇٳݳÉ, å³Ñ»É) in an argument ÏÝ×éáï/Ë××í³Í ѳñó»ñ
The ice/rope will ~ ê³éáõÛóÁ/ä³ñ³ÝÁ ï³É. What a ~ ! ¿ë Ç°Ýã Ëá½³Ýáó ¿: ~ and cor-
ϹÇٳݳÝ. This law still ~s úñ»ÝùÁ ¹»é¨ë ner ËëÏó. ͳÍáõÏ, ·³ÕïÝÇ, óùáõÝ. ~ and
áõÅÇ Ù»ç ¿. if the frost ~s »Ã» ë³éݳٳÝÇùÁ corner meetings ·³ÕïÝÇ/ͳÍáõÏ Ñ³Ý¹Ç-
ß³ñáõݳÏíÇ. ~ against ~ back »ï å³Ñ»É, åáõÙÝ»ñ:
holiday-maker 401 home

holiday [΄hɒlədei] n ïáÝ. ѳݷëïÛ³Ý/áã å³ïÇí. do/pay ~ áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ óáõÛó ï³É,


³ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ ûñ. ~s ³ñÓ³Ïáõñ¹Ý»ñ. ѳñ·³Ýù Ù³ïáõó»É:
package ~/ tour ׳Ù÷áñ¹áõÃÛáõÝ ïáõñÇëï³- home [həum] n ïáõÝ. at ~ ï³ÝÁ. stay at ~
Ï³Ý áõÕ»·ñáí. school ~s ¹åñáó³Ï³Ý ³ñ- ï³ÝÁ ÙݳÉ. feel at ~ ³½³ï ½·³É/ÇÝãå»ë
Ó³Ïáõñ¹Ý»ñ. spend one’s ~ ³ñÓ³Ïáõñ¹Ý»ñÝ Çñ ï³ÝÁ. Make yourself at ~ ²½³ï ½·³ó»ù.
³ÝóϳóÝ»É. be on ~ ³ñÓ³Ïáõñ¹Ç Ù»ç ÉÇ- ¼·³ó»ù ÇÝãå»ë Ó»ñ ï³ÝÁ. I feel most at ~
Ý»É. ~ pay ³ñÓ³Ïáõñ¹³ÛÇÝ í׳ñ. need a ~ in the country ºë ÇÝÓ ³Ù»ÝÇó É³í ·ÛáõÕáõÙ
ѳݷëïÇ Ï³ñÇù ½·³É. the ~ season ³Ù³- »Ù ½·áõÙ. leave ~ ï³ÝÇó ¹áõñë ·³É. ÷Ëμ.
é³ÛÇÝ ³ñÓ³Ïáõñ¹Ý»ñÇ ßñç³Ý. ~ cent- ѳÛñ³Ï³Ý ï³ÝÇó Ñ»é³Ý³É. a ~ from ~
re/house ïáõñμ³½³, ѳݷëïÛ³Ý ïáõÝ: »ñÏñáñ¹ ïáõÝ. make one’s ~ μݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ
holiday-maker [΄hɒlədei‚meikə] n ѳݷÁë- ѳëï³ï»É. come from poor ~ ³Õù³ï
ï³óáÕ, ³ñÓ³Ïáõñ¹³íáñ: ÁÝï³ÝÇùÇó ë»ñ»É. Where is your ~ ?
holiness [΄həulinəs] n ëñμáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ý³ñ³- àñï»ÕDZó »ë. be far from ~ ѳÛñ»-
ïáõÃÛáõÝ: ÝÇùÇó/ï³ÝÇó Ñ»éáõ ÉÇÝ»É. fight for one’s ~
holler [΄hɒlə] v ËëÏó. μÕ³í»É, ϳÝã»É. ѳÛñ»ÝÇùÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ Ïéí»É. His ~ is in England
holistic [həu΄listik] a ÙdzëݳϳÝ, ³ÙμáÕ- ܳ ²Ý·ÉdzÛáõÙ ¿ ³åñáõÙ. be at ~ with ɳí
ç³Ï³Ý. ÇÙ³Ý³É ·áñÍÁ. have news /letter from ~
hollo(a) [΄hɒləu] n ×Çã, ϳÝ㣠ïÝ»óÇÝ»ñÇó Éáõñ/Ý³Ù³Ï áõݻݳÉ. one’s
hollow [΄hɒləu] n Ëáéáã, ÷áë ÁÝÏ³Í ï»Õ, own ~ ѳñ³½³ï ïáõÝ. They are always at ~
¹³ï³ñÏ ï»Õ. ÷ã³Ï. ÑáíÇï. The village lay on Wednesdays âáñ»ùß³μÃÇ ûñ»ñÁ Ýñ³Ýù
in a ~ ¶ÛáõÕÝ ÁÝÏ³Í ¿ñ ÑáíïáõÙ£ ÙÇßï ï³ÝÝ »Ý (ÁݹáõÝ»ÉáõÃÛ³Ý ûñÝ ¿). a ~
hollow [΄hɒləu] a ¹³ï³ñÏ, ëݳٻç, ÷áë for the old Í»ñ³Ýáó. a children’s/orphan’s ~
ÁÝϳÍ. ËáõÉ. a ~ cane/pipe ëÝ³Ù»ç »Õ»·/ Ù³ÝϳïáõÝ. ~ for the blind ÏáõÛñ»ñÇ ³å³ë-
Í˳Ùáñ×. a ~ tree ÷ã³Ï³íáñ ͳé. ~ cheeks ï³ñ³Ý. harvest ~ μ»ñùÇ ïáõÝ. Is your match
÷áë ÁÝÏ³Í ³Ûï»ñ. ~ voice/laugh ËáõÉ Ó³ÛÝ/ ~ or away? Ùñ½. Ò»ñ ˳ճ¹³ßïá±õÙ »ù
ÍÇͳÕ. ~ words ¹³ï³ñÏ μ³é»ñ. a ~ victory ˳Õáõ٠û± ¹ñëáõÙ. ÑÙÏñ·. ëÏǽμ (¿Ï-
³Ýû·áõï ѳÕóݳÏ: ñ³ÝÇ). »ÉÙ³Ý ¹Çñù. ë»÷³Ï³Ý, ³ÝÓݳϳÝ.
hollow [΄hɒləu] adv Ùñ½., ËëÏó. Ùdzݷ³- ~ address ë»÷³Ï³Ý ѳëó». ~ computer
Ù³ÛÝ/ß³ï ɳí. We beat them ~ Ø»Ýù Ýñ³Ýó ³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý ÏáÙåÛáõï»ñ. ~
·ÉËáíÇÝ ç³Ëç³Ë»óÇÝù: computer network ³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý ÏáÙåÛáõ-
hollow [΄hɒləu] v (ݳ¨ ~ out) ÷áñ»É, ï»ñ³ÛÇÝ ó³Ýó. ~ directory ³ÝÓݳϳÝ/
÷áë³óÝ»É. The waves ~ed out the rocks ÑÇÙÝÏ³Ý Ï³ï³Éá·. ~ page ëϽμݳϳÝ
²ÉÇùÝ»ñÁ áÕáÕáõÙ-ù³Ý¹áõÙ ¿ÇÝ Å³Ûé»ñÁ: /ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ¿ç. ~ position ëϽμÝ³Ï³Ý ¹Çñù:
hollow-eyed [΄hɒləuaid] a ÷áë/Ëáñ ÁÝÏ³Í home [həum] a ïݳÛÇÝ, ï³Ý. ÁÝï³Ý»Ï³Ý.
³ãù»ñáí: ~ address μݳϳñ³ÝÇ Ñ³ëó»Ý. ~ cooking
hollow-hearted [‚hɒləu΄ha:tid] a Ï»ÕÍ, ï³ÝÁ å³ïñ³ëï³Í Ï»ñ³Ïáõñ/áõï»ÉÇù. ~
Ï»Õͳíáñ: baked cakes ï³ÝÁ ÃËí³Í ù³Õóñ»Õ»Ý. ~
holly [΄hɒli] n μëμ. ëñ³ï»ñ¨. ÷ß³ñÙ³í£. brewed beer ïÝ³Ï³Ý ·³ñ»çáõñ. ~ grown
hollyhock [΄hɒlihɒk] n μëμ. ÙáÉáß³í³ñ¹: vegetables ë»÷³Ï³Ý Ó»éù»ñáí ³×»óí³Í
holm I [həum] n ÏÕ½Û³Ï. áÕáÕíáÕ Ù³ñ·³- μ³Ýç³ñ»Õ»Ý. ~ life/comforts ÁÝï³Ý»Ï³Ý
·»ïÇÝ. ·»ï³÷: ÏÛ³Ýù/ѳݷëï³í»ïáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ field Ùñ½.
holm II [həum] n μëμ. ÷߳ϳÕÝÇ: ë»÷³Ï³Ý ¹³ßï. (Ý»ñùÇÝ, ѳÛñ»Ý³Ï³Ý) ~
holocaust [΄hɒləkɔ:st] n ½³Ý·í³Í³ÛÇÝ industry ѳÛñ»Ý³Ï³Ý ³ñ¹Ûáõݳμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ.
áãÝã³óáõÙ. áÕç³ÏǽáõÙ. Ññ»³Ý»ñÇ Ïáïá- ~ trade/affairs/market/politics Ý»ñùÇÝ ³é¨-
ñ³Í. world ~ ѳٳß˳ñѳÛÇÝ ëå³Ý¹: ïáõñ/ ·áñÍ»ñ/ßáõϳ/ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ.
holster [΄həulstə] n ³ïñ׳ݳÏÇ å³ïÛ³Ý: one’s ~ town ѳñ³½³ï ù³Õ³ùÁ/ÍÝݹ³-
holy [΄həuli] a ëáõñμ, ëñμ³½³Ý. ³Ý³ñ·, ³Ý- í³ÛñÁ. H~ office, Ý»ñùÇÝ ·áñÍ»ñÇ Ý³Ë³-
μÇÍ. H~ see êáõñμ ì³ïÇϳÝ: ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ (Ø´). H~ secretary Ý»ñùÇÝ ·áñ-
homage [΄hɒmidз] n ѳñ·³Ýù, ٻͳñ³Ýù, Í»ñÇ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñ. a ~ truth ÷Ëμ. ¹³éÁ
home-coming 402 honour

×ßÙ³ñïáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ made ïݳϳÝ, ï³ÝÁ ï³ññ, ѳٳë»é, ÝáõÛݳë»é:


å³ïñ³ëïí³Í: homonym [΄hɒmənim] n É»½í. ѳٳÝáõÝ
home [həum] adv ï³ÝÁ. I’m ~ at last ì»ñ- μ³é:
ç³å»ë ï³ÝÝ »Ù. on the way ~ ï³Ý ׳ݳ- homosexual [‚həuməu΄sek∫uəl] a ѳٳë»-
å³ñÑÇÝ. go/come ~ ïáõÝ ·Ý³É/·³É. see smb é³Ï³Ý. ~ conduct ѳٳë»é³Ï³Ý í³ñù³-
~ Ù»ÏÇÝ ïáõÝ ×³Ý³å³ñÑ»É. go/strike ~ ·ÇÍ:
Ýß³ÝÇÝ Ïåã»É/Ë÷»É. (he’s) Nothing to write ~ hone [həun] n ëñ³ù³ñ, ëñáó:
about ËëÏó. àã ÙÇ Ñ»ï³ùñùÇñ μ³Ý Çñ»ÝÇó honest [΄ɒnist] a ³½ÝÇí. ~ person/dealing/liv-
ãÇ Ý»ñϳ۳óÝáõÙ. write ~ (ݳٳÏÝ»ñ) ïáõÝ ing ³½ÝÇí Ù³ñ¹/³ñ³ñù/í³ëï³Ï. absolu-
·ñ»É. drive/bring ~ ·ÉáõËÁ ÙïóÝ»É; tely/completely ~ μÛáõñ»Õ³ÛÇÝ ³½ÝíáõÃÛáõÝ.
home-coming [΄həumkΛmiŋ] n í»ñ³¹³ñÓ be ~ ßÇï³Ï/³ÝÏ»ÕÍ ³ë³Í. ~ opinion ³Ý-
ïáõÝ, ѳÛñ»ÝÇù í»ñ³¹³éݳÉÁ£ Ï»ÕÍ/ßÇï³Ï ϳñÍÇù. be ~ with oneself ÇÝùÝ
homecraft [΄həumkra:ft] n ïݳÛݳ·áñÍáõ- Çñ»Ý ã˳μ»É. ~ to God ËëÏó. ³½ÝÇí Ëáëù:
ÃÛáõÝ: honesty [΄ɒnəsti] n ³½ÝíáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ÝÏ»Õ-
home-keeping [΄həum‚ki:piŋ] a ïݳÏÛ³ó: ÍáõÃÛáõÝ:
homeland [΄həumlænd] n ѳÛñ»ÝÇù. ѳÛñ»- honey [΄hΛni] n Ù»Õñ. ù³Õóñ μ³Ý. (³Ýáõ-
ÝÇ »ñÏÇñ: ßÇÏë, ëÇñ»ÉÇë) Don’t worry, ~! ØÇ° ³Ý-
homeless [΄həumləs] a ³ÝïáõÝ, ³Ý³å³ë- ѳݷëï³Ý³, ëÇñ»ÉÇ°ë£
ï³Ý£ honey-bee [΄hΛnibi:] n μ³ÝáÕ/μ³Ýíáñ
homelike [΄həumlaik] a ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý ï³Ý Ù»Õáõ£
å»ë. ÷Ëμ. ѳñÙ³ñ³í»ï: honeycomb [΄hΛnikəum] n Ù»Õñ³ËáñÇëË,
homely [΄həumli] a ÁÝï³Ý»Ï³Ý, ѳݷëï³- μçÇç. ï»Ë. ÷áëÇÏ, ͳÏÍÏí³Íù:
í»ï, å³ñ½. a ~ room ѳݷëï³í»ï ë»Ý- honey-dew [΄hΛnidju:] n Ý»Ïï³ñ. Ù»Õ-
Û³Ï. ~ atmosphere ÁÝï³Ý»Ï³Ý ÙÃÝáÉáñï. ~ ñ³Ñ³Ù:
old lady μ³ñÇ/ѳ׻ÉÇ Í»ñ ÏÇÝ. a ~ girl honeyed [΄hΛnid] a Ù»Õñ³Ñ³Ù, Ù»Õñ³Íáñ:
ѳë³ñ³Ï/³Ýμ³ñ»ï»ë ³ÕçÇÏ: honeymoon [΄hΛnimu:n] 1. n Ù»Õñ³ÙÇë. 2.
home-made [‚həum΄meid] a ïݳϳÝ, v Ù»Õñ³ÙÇë ³ÝóϳóÝ»É:
ï³ÝÁ å³ïñ³ëï³Í. ~ jam ïÝ³Ï³Ý Ùáõ- honey-mouthed [΄hΛnimauðd] a Ù»Õñ³-
ñ³μ³. ~ radio ÇÝùݳñ³ñ é³¹Çá ÁݹáõÝÇã. Ëáë, Ù»Õñ³Íáñ:
~ cars ѳÛñ»Ý³Ï³Ý/ï»Õ³Ï³Ý Ù»ù»Ý³Ý»ñ: honeysuckle [΄hΛnisΛkl] n μëμ. ó³ËÏ»-
home-sick [΄həumsik] a ѳÛñ»Ý³μ³ÕÓ, é³ë:
ѳÛñ»Ý³Ï³ñáï. be ~ ѳÛñ»ÝÇùÇ Ï³ñáï honk [hɒŋk] 1. n ë³·»ñÇ ÏéÝãáó. the ~ of
½·³É: wild geese í³ÛñÇ ë³·»ñÇ ÏéÝãÛáõÝ. the ~ of a
home-stead [΄həumsted] n ϳÉí³Í³ïáõÝ, motor horne ³íïáÙ»ù»Ý³ÛÇ ßã³ÏÇ Ó³ÛÝÁ: 2.
¹³ëï³Ï»ñï, ³·³ñ³Ï: v ÏéÝã³É. ³½¹³Ýß³Ý ï³É:
homeward(s) [΄həumwəd(s)] adv, a ¹»åÇ honorarium [‚ɒnə΄reəriəm] n ÑáÝáñ³ñ:
ïáõÝ. ¹»åÇ ïáõÝ ï³ÝáÕ: honorary [΄ɒnrəri] a å³ïí³íáñ. a ~ mem-
homework [΄həumwə:k] n (áõëáõٳϳÝ) ber å³ïí³íáñ ³Ý¹³Ù. ~ guest å³ïí³-
ïݳÛÇÝ ³ß˳ï³Ýù. do ~ for the lecture íáñ ÑÛáõñ£
÷Ëμ. ¹³ë³ËáëáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ݳ˳å³ï- honorific [‚ɒnə΄rifik] a ѳñ·³ÉÇó, ѳñ-
ñ³ëïí»É: ·³Ýù ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáÕ:
homicidal [‚hɒmi΄saidl] a ٳѳóáõ. Ù³ñ- honour [΄ɒnə] n å³ïÇí. ѳñ·³Ýù. a point
¹³ëå³ÝÇ. a ~ maniac Ùáɳ·³ñ Ù³ñ¹³- of ~ å³ïíÇ Ñ³ñó. a matter/a debt of ~ å³ï-
ëå³Ý: íÇ å³ñïù/å³ñï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. in ~ of Ç
homicide [΄hɒmisaid] n Ù³ñ¹³ëå³Ýáõ- å³ïÇí. a man of ~ å³ïíÇ Ù³ñ¹. the seat of
ÃÛáõÝ, ëå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. fellonious ~ ϳÝ˳- ~ å³ïí³íáñ ï»Õ. roll of ~ å³ïí³íáñ
Ùï³Íí³Í ëå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: óáõó³Ï. It does you ~ ¸³ Ó»½ å³ïÇí ¿ μ»-
homily [΄hɒməli] n ù³ñá½, Ëñ³ï£ ñáõÙ. Your H~ ػͳñ·á ¹³ï³íáñ. give/pay
homogeneous [‚həuməu΄dзi:niəs] a Ùdz- ~ ѳñ·³Ýù óáõÛó ï³É/Ù³ïáõó»É. do the ~
honour 403 hope

å³ïÇí μ»ñ»É. hold it an ~ å³ïÇí ѳٳ- ËëÏó, ³ÙáõëÇÝ ×³ÝÏ»É/Ó»éù ·ó»É:


ñ»É. ~ among thieves ·áÕ³Ï³Ý å³ïÇí. (up) hooked [hukt] a Ï»é, Ï»é³íáñ. Íáõé. ׳ñ-
on my ~, word of ~ ³½ÝÇí Ëáëù. ~s å³- ٳݹ³íáñ. ³Ù. Ñ»ÉáõÝáí ·áñͳÍ. a ~ nose
ïÇíÝ»ñ. military ~s ½ÇÝíáñ³Ï³Ý å³ïÇíÝ»ñ. Ï»é/Íáõé ùÇÃ. ³ñÍí³ùÇÃ:
do the ~s (of the house) ï³ÝïÇñáç å³ñ- hooker [΄hukə] n ÓÏÝáñë³Ý³í:
ï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ϳï³ñ»É. ÑÛáõñ ÁÝ- hook-up [΄hukΛp] n ÏóáõÙ, ÙdzóáõÙ:
¹áõÝ»É/½μ³Õ»óÝ»É. (ÏáãáõÙ, ïÇïÕáë) your hooky [΄huki] n ³Ù. ËëÏó. play ~ ¹³ë»ñÁ
H~ Ó»ñ¹ ³ñųݳå³ïíáõÃÛáõÝ be an ~ to μ³ó ÃáÕÝ»É:
one’s country/family å³ïÇí μ»ñ»É Çñ »ñÏ- hooligan [΄hu:ligən] n ËáõÉÇ·³Ý:
ñÇÝ/ÁÝï³ÝÇùÇÝ: hoop [hu:p] n ûճϳå, ûÕ³·áïÇ, ßñç³-
honour [΄ɒnə] v ѳñ·»É, å³ïÇí ï³É. ݳÏ. fasten a barrel with a ~ ï³Ï³éÇÝ ûÕ³-
ٻͳñ»É. ³ñųݳóÝ»É. ~ one’s parents/smb’s Ï³å ¹Ý»É:
memory ѳñ·»É ÍÝáÕÝ»ñÇÝ/Ù»ÏÇ ÑÇß³ï³- hoop [hu:p] n ×Çã, ³Õ³Õ³Ï, ѳ½:
ÏÁ. be ~ed ßáÛí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. (ϳï³ñ»É) ~ one’s hooper [΄hu:pə] n ï³Ï³é³·áñÍ:
commitments/promise å³ñï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ- hooping-cough [΄hu:piŋkΛf] n μÅßÏ. ϳ-
Ý»ñÁ/ËáëïáõÙÁ ϳï³ñ»É. ~ a bill/cheque åáõÛï ѳ½:
ѳßÇíÁ/ã»ÏÁ í׳ñ»É/÷³Ï»É. ~ed å³ïí³- hoopoe [΄hu:pu:] n Ñáåáå:
íáñ, å³ïí»ÉÇ: hoot [hu:t] n μáõÇ ÏéÇÝã. ßã³Ï, ~s of laughter
honourable [΄ɒnərəbl] a å³ïí³íáñ, ÍÇͳÕÇ åáéÃÏáõÙ. I don’t give a ~/two ~s for
å³ïí³ñųÝ, ٻͳñ·á. an ~ peace å³ï- àã ÙÇ Ý߳ݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ ãáõÝÇ. Âù³Í áõݻ٣
í³íáñ ˳ճÕáõÃÛáõÝ. H~ Court ³ñųݳ- hoot [hu:t] v ÏéÝã³É. ßã³É. ·áé³É. ͳÕñáõ-
å³ïÇí ¹³ï³ñ³Ý. ~ intentions ³½ÝÇí ͳݳÏÇ »ÝóñÏ»É. ~ at the crossing/pedestri-
Ùï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ my ~ colleague Ç٠ѳñ- ans ˳ãÙ»ñáõÏáõÙ/Ñ»ïÇáïÝ»ñÇÝ ³½¹³-
·³ñÅ³Ý ÏáÉ»·³/·áñÍÁÝÏ»ñ: Ýß³Ý ï³É:
hooch [hu:t∫] n ³Ù. ËëÏó. ³ÉÏáÑáÉ. bring the hooter [΄hu:tə] n ßã³Ï:
~ ËÙÇãùÁ μ»ñ»É: hooves [hu:vz] n pl Ï×Õ³ÏÝ»ñ, ëÙμ³ÏÝ»ñ,
hood [hud] n ÏÝ·áõÕ, í»Õ³ñ, ·É˳ñÏ. ͳÍ- ½áõ·³ëÙμ³Ï£
ÏáõÛÃ, ͳÍÏáó, ϳ÷³ñÇã. ϳéùÇ/³íïáÙ»- hop I [hɒp] n ·³ÛÉáõÏ:
ù»Ý³ÛÇ Í³ÍÏ: hop II [hɒp] n áëïÛáõÝ, ó³ïÏ. ~ skip and
hoodie [΄hudi] n ·áñß ³·é³í: jump Ùñ½. »é³ó³ïÏ. keep smb on the ~ ѳÝ-
hoodlum [΄hu:dləm] n ËëÏó. ËáõÉÇ·³Ý: ·Çëï ãï³É. a short ~ ³í., ËëÏó. ϳñ׳ï¨
hoodwink [΄hudwiŋk] v ³ãùÁ ϳå»É, ³ã- ÃéÇãù. fly with (2-3) ~s Ãéã»É »ñÏáõ-»ñ»ù
ùÇÝ Ãá½ ÷ã»É. ˳μ»É: ϳݷ³é ϳï³ñ»Éáí:
hoof [hu:f] n ëÙμ³Ï. cloven ~ »ñÏ×»Õùí³Í hop [hɒp] v ó³ïÏ»É, áëïáëï»É. ~ off/on to
ëÙμ³Ï: the bus ³íïáμáõëÇó ¹áõñë/Ý»ñë ó³ïÏ»É. ~
hoofed [hu:ft] a ëÙμ³Ï³íáñ: out of bed Ù³Ñ׳ϳÉÇó ¹áõñë ó³ïÏ»É. H~
hook [huk] n Ï»é, ׳ñٳݹ. ·ÕïÝ. Ù³Ý- it! ËëÏó. ¸á°õñë ÏáñÇñ:
·³Õ. ÓÏÝ. ϳñÃ. hang the coat on a ~ í»ñ³ñ- hope [həup] n ÑáõÛë. great/faint/forlorn/ vague/
ÏáõÝ Ï»éÇó ϳ˻É. pruning ~ ¿ï»Éáõ vain ~ Ù»Í/ÃáõÛÉ/³Õáï/½áõñ ÑáõÛë»ñ, have lit-
ÙÏñ³ï. by ~ or crook ³Ûëå»ë û ³ÛÝå»ë, tle /high ~s ùÇã/Ù»Í ÑáõÛë»ñ áõݻݳÉ. have not
ÇÝã ·Ýáí ¿É ÉÇÝÇ. off the ~ ³Ýïñ³Ù³¹Çñ, the faintest ~ ÑáõÛëÇ ãÝãÇÝ ÝßáõÛÉ ³Ý·³Ù
½³Ûñ³ó³Í. on one’s own ~ ÇÝùÝáõñáõÛÝ, Çñ ãáõݻݳÉ. be past ~ ³ÝÑáõÛë ÉÇÝ»É. resign all
å³ï³ë˳ݳïíáõÃÛ³Ùμ. get/let smb off the ~ ÑáõÛëÁ Ïïñ»É. pin/put one’s ~s on Ù»ÏÇ íñ³
~ Ù»ÏÇÝ ¹Åí³ñ ϳóáõÃÛáõÝÇó ѳݻÉ. ÑáõÛë ¹Ý»É/³å³íÇÝ»É. in the ~ of Ñáõë³Éáí.
hook [huk] v μéÝ»É (Ï»éáí, ϳñÃáí). Ï³Ë»É have good ~s ÑáõÛë»ñ áõݻݳÉ. raise ~s ÑáõÛë
(Ï»éÇó, ϳñÃÇó). Ïá×Ï(í)»É (׳ñٳݹÁ). ~ ³ñÃݳóÝ»É. What a ~ ! ÍÕñ. Øïùáí¹ ¿É
a fish ÓáõÏ μéÝ»É. ~ up the dress ѳ·áõëïÁ ã³ÝóÝÇ:
Ïá×Ï»É. ~ed on drugs/TV ÷Ëμ. ÃÙñ³ÙáÉ. hope [həup] v Ñáõë³É, ÑáõÛë áõݻݳÉ/ï³Í»É.
Ñ»éáõëï³óáõÛóÇÝ Ïå³Í. ~ a husband ÷Ëμ., I ~ so Ðáõëáí »Ù, áñ ³Û¹å»ë ¿. I ~ not Ðáõëáí
hopeful 404 horse

»Ù, áñ ³Û¹å»ë ã¿. ~ against ~ Ññ³ßùÇ íñ³ hornet [΄hɔ:nit] n ϻݹ. Ïñ»ï, Çß³Ù»Õáõ,
ÑáõÛë ¹Ý»É. ÑáõÛëÁ ãÏáñóÝ»É. ѳϳé³Ï Ódzμáé. stir up ~`s nest Ïñ»ïÇ μáõÝÁ
³Ù»ÝÇÝ. ~ for the best Ñáõë³É áñ ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã ÷áñ÷ñ»É:
ß³ï ɳí ÏÉÇÝÇ. ~ for better from smn Ù»ÏÇó hornpipe [΄hɔ:npaip] n »Õç»ñ³÷áÕ:
³í»ÉÇÝ ëå³ë»É: horny [΄hɔ:ni] a »ÕçÛáõñ³íáñ, »Õçñ³ÛÇÝ.
hopeful [΄həupfl] n Ñáõë³ÉÇ, ÑáõÛë áõÝ»óáÕ. Ïáßï, Ïáßï³ó³Í£
ɳí³ï»ë³Ï³Ý. be/feel ~ that/of Ñáõë³É, áñ. horny-handed [΄hɔ:ni‚hændid] a Ïáßïáõ-
a ~ young man ÑáõÛë»ñ Ý»ñßÝãáÕ/ËáëïáõÙ- ϳíáñ Ó»éù»ñ áõÝ»óáÕ:
ݳÉÇó »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹: horoscope [΄hɒrəskəup] n μ³Ëï³óáõÛó.
hopefulness [΄həupflnəs] n ɳí³ï»- cast a ~ μ³Ëï³óáõÛó ϳ½Ù»É:
ëáõÃÛáõÝ, Ñáõë³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ, ÑáõÛë£ horrible [΄hɒrəbl] a ëáëϳÉÇ, ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ,
hopeless [΄həupləs] a ³ÝÑáõÛë, Ñáõë³Ñ³ï, ½³ñÑáõñ»ÉÇ. a ~ accident ëáëϳÉÇ íóñ/
ÑáõÛëÁ Ïáñóñ³Í. The case is ~ ²ÝÑáõë³ÉÇ å³ï³Ñ³ñ. ~ threats ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ ëå³éݳ-
¹»åù ¿. give up the attempt as ~ Ññ³Å³ñí»É ÉÇù. a perfectly ~ journey ËëÏó. ³Ñ³íáñ
÷áñÓ»Éáõó áñå»ë ÙÇ ³ÝÑáõÛë μ³Ý. be ~ of ׳Ù÷áñ¹áõÃÛáõÝ:
remembering í³ï ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ: horrid [΄hɒrid] a ëáëϳÉÇ, ³Ñ³íáñ. ËëÏó.
hopelessness [΄həupləsnəs] n ³ÝÑáõëáõ- ½½í»ÉÇ, ÝáÕϳÉÇ. ~ weather ËëÏó. ½½í»ÉÇ/-
ÃÛáõÝ, Ñáõë³Ñ³ïáõÃÛáõÝ: ³Ñ³íáñ »Õ³Ý³Ï. What a ~ idea! ƯÝã
hop-o‘-my-thumb [‚hɒpəmi΄θΛm] n ³Ñ³íáñ/í³Ûñ³· ÙÇïù:
ýáõÏ, ×ëïÇÏ-åëïÇÏ, Ù³ïݳã³÷ÇÏ: horrific [hɒ΄rifik] a ËëÏó. ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ,
hopscotch [΄hɒpskɒt∫] n Ù³ÝÏ³Ï³Ý Ë³Õ ³Ñ³ñÏáõ, ³Ñ»Õ:
(Ïɳë): horrif/y [΄hɒrifai] v ³Ñ³μ»Ï»É, ë³ñë³÷»ó-
hoptoad [΄hɒptəud] n ¹á¹áß: Ý»É. ½³ñÑáõñ»óÝ»É. be ~ ied by óÝóí»É (ÇÝã-
horde [hɔ:d] 1. n Ñáñ¹³, ËáõÙμ, Ññáë³Ï³- áñ μ³ÝÇó). I was ~ ied ºë ë³ñë³÷»óÇ:
ËáõÙμ. 2. v ³ÙμáËí»É, μ³½ÙáõÃÛ³Ùμ ѳ- horrifying [΄hɒrifaiiŋ] a óÝóáÕ, ³Ñ³μ»ÏÇã,
í³ùí»É: ½³ñÑáõñ»ÉÇ:
horizon [hə΄raizn] n ÑáñǽáÝ: horror [΄hɒrə] n ³Ñ, ë³ñë³÷, ëáëÏáõÙ.
horizontal [‚hɒri΄zɒntl] n ÑáñǽáݳϳÝ. have ~ of ß³ï í³Ë»Ý³É, ë³ñë³÷»É. cause
hormone [΄hɔ:məun] n ýǽÉ. ÑáñÙáÝ£ ~ ë³ñë³÷ å³ï׳é»É. be filled with ~ ë³ñ-
horn [hɔ:n] 1. n »ÕçÛáõñ, Ïáïáß, åá½. shoe ~ ë³÷ ½·³É/³åñ»É. a perfect ~ ËëÏó. ²ëïÍá
ÏáßÇÏ Ñ³·Ý»Éáõ ÃdzÏ. carved from ~ »ÕçÛáõ- å³ïÇÅ. a ~ story/film ýÇÉÙ ë³ñë³÷. ë³ñ-
ñÇó ÷áñ³·ñí³Í/Ïïñí³Í. draw in one’s ~s ë³÷ å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ:
ݳѳÝç»É, »ï ϳݷݻÉ, Ññ³Å³ñí»É. be on horror-stricken [΄hɒrə-strikən], horror-
the ~s of a dilemma »ñÏÁÝïñ³ÝùÇ ³é³ç struck [΄hɒrə-‚strΛk] a ë³ñë³÷³Ñ³ñ:
ѳÛïÝí»É. (·áñÍÇù) ÷áÕ, »Õçñ³÷á˳Ï. hors d’oeuvres [‚ɔ:΄də:v] n ûè áõï»-
áñëáñ¹³Ï³Ý ÷áÕ. wind a ~ ÷áÕ Ýí³·»É. ɻջÝ, ݳËáõï»ëï, ³Ïñ³ï:
French ~ »ñÅß. ·³É³ñ³÷áÕ, í³ÉïáñÝ. horse [hɔ:s] n ÓÇ, »ñÇí³ñ, Ñáí³ï³Ï. sad-
English ~ »ñÅß. ÷áÕ³íáñ Ýí³·³ñ³Ý, dle/race/draught ~ Ñ»ÍϳÝ, Ñ»ÍÝ»Éáõ ÓÇ. ³ñ-
ß»÷áñ. play the ~ í³ÉïáñÝ/ß»÷áñ Ýí³·»É. ß³í³ÓÇ. ÉÍÏ³Ý ÓÇ. riding ~ Ñ»ÍÏ³Ý ÓÇ. get
draw/pull in one’s ~s Ïáõã ·³É, í³Ë»Ý³É. on a ~ ÓÇ Ýëï»É. get off the ~ ÓÇáõó ÇçÝ»É.
åá½»ñÁ Ý»ñë ù³ß»É. ~ spectacles (ݳ¨ horn- ride a ~ ÓÇáí ·Ý³É, ÓÇ ùß»É. fall of a ~ ÓÇáõó
rimmed) »Õçñ³ßñç³Ý³Ï ³ÏÝáó. ~ of plenty ÁÝÏÝ»É. clothes ~ ÷Ëμ. Éí³óùÁ ãáñ³óÝ»Éáõ
³é³ïáõÃÛ³Ý »ÕçÛáõñ. show/put out the ~s ßñç³Ý³Ï. white ~s Íáí. ÷ñ÷ñ³ÉÇùÝ»ñ.
åá½»ñÁ óáõÛó ï³É. raise the ~s ·áéέݳÉ, Ùñ½. Ódz·»ñ³Ý, ÝÅáõÛ·. ~ and foot é½Ù.
ٻͳÙï»É. 2. a »ÕçÛáõñÇ, »ÕçÛáõñ». ~ spec- ѻͻɳ½áñ ¨ ѻ勉Ï. ÷Ëμ. work like a ~
tacles (ݳ¨ horn-rimmed) »Õçñ³ßñç³Ý³Ï ÓÇáõ/¿ßÇ å»ë ³ß˳ï»É. eat like a ~ ·³ÛÉÇ
³ÏÝáó. ~ of plenty ³é³ïáõÃÛ³Ý »ÕçÛáõñ. 3. ³ËáñÅ³Ï áõݻݳÉ. straight from the ~‘s
v åέѳñ»É. ~ in ÙÇç³Ùï»É, ˳éÝí»É: mouth ëϽμݳÕμÛáõñÇó. Don’t look a gift ~ in
horned [hɔ:nd] a »ÕçÛáõñ³íáñ: the mouth ÜíÇñ³Í ÓÇáõ ³ï³ÙÝ»ñÇÝ ã»Ý
horseback 405 hot

ݳÛÇ. get on one’s high ~ ٻͳÙï»É, ³Ùμ³ñ- hosiery [΄həuziəri] n ·áõÉå»Õ»Ý, ïñÇÏá-
ï³í³Ý³É. dark ~ Ùñ½. ß³Ýë»ñ ãáõÝ»óáÕ ï³Å»Õ»Ý. ~ department ·áõÉå»Õ»ÝÇ μ³ÅÇÝ)
(ùÇã ѳÛïÝÇ) ÓÇ: hospice [΄hɒspis] n ÑÛáõñ³ïáõÝ, í³Ý³ïáõÝ.
horseback [΄hɔ:sbæk] 1. n ÓÇáõ Ù»çùÁ. on ~ å³Ý¹Ëï³Ýáó, ³Õù³ï³Ýáó:
Ñ»ÍÛ³É, ÓÇ Ñ»Í³Í. 2. adv ѻͳÍ, ÓÇ hospitable [hɒ΄spitəbl] a ÑÛáõñ³ë»ñ, ÑÛáõñ-
Ýëï³Í: ÁÝϳÉ. a ~ house/family/atmosphere ÑÛáõñÁÝ-
horse-box [΄hɔ:sbɒks] n ÓÇ»ñÇ í³·áÝ: Ï³É ïáõÝ/ÁÝï³ÝÇù/ÙÃÝáÉáñï:
horse-breeding [΄hɔ:s‚bri:diŋ] n Ódzμáõ- hospital [΄hɒspitl] n ÑÇí³Ý¹³Ýáó. ÑáëåÇ-
ÍáõÃÛáõÝ: ï³É. field ~ ¹³ßï³ÛÇÝ ÑáëåÇï³É. mater-
horse-chestnut [‚hɔ:s΄t∫estnΛt] n í³ÛñÇ nity/mental ~ ÍÝݹ³ïáõÝ. Ñá·»μáõųñ³Ý.
ß³·³Ý³Ï: walk the ~ s μÅßÏáõÃÛ³Ý áõë³ÝáÕ ÉÇÝ»É. take
horse-cloth [΄hɔ:sklɒθ] n (ݳ¨ horsecover) to ~, put in ~ hÇí³Ý¹³ÝáóáõÙ ï»Õ³íá-
ÓÇáõ ͳÍÏáó, ëóñ: ñ»É/å³éÏ»óÝ»É:
horse collar [΄hɔ:skɒlə] n ˳ÙáõÃ. ³Ýáï: hospital [΄hɒspitl] a ÑÇí³Ý¹³Ýáó³ÛÇÝ,
horse-comb [΄hɔ:skəum] n ÓÇáõ ù»ñáó: ³éáÕç³å³Ñ³Ï³Ý. ~ nurse μáõÅùáõÛñ, ÑÇ-
horse-coper, horse-dealer [΄hɔ:s‚kəupə, í³Ý¹³Ýáó³ÛÇÝ ùáõÛñ. ~ staff/orderly/ ward/
΄hɔ:s‚di:lə] n Ódzí³×³é: treatment ÑÇí³Ý¹³ÝáóÇ ³ÝÓݳϳ½Ù/ͳ-
horse-cover [΄hɔ:s‚kΛvə] n ÓÇáõ ͳÍÏáó. é³ÛáÕ, ³ß˳ïáÕ/å³É³ï. ÑÇí³Ý¹³Ýá-
ï»°ë ݳ¨ horse-cloth: ó³ÛÇÝ/ëï³óÇáݳñ μáõÅáõÙ:
horse-drawn [΄hɔ:sdrɔ:n] a Ódzù³ñß³ÛÇÝ hospitality [‚hɒspi΄tæləti] n ÑÛáõñÁÝϳÉáõ-
ÓÇáõ áõÅáí ù³ßíáÕ: ÃÛáõÝ, ÑÛáõñ³ëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ:
horse-flesh [΄hɔ:sfle∫] n ÓÇáõ ÙÇë (áõï»ÉÇù): hospitalize [΄hɒspitlaiz] v ÑÇí³Ý¹³Ýáó
horse-fly [΄hɔ:sflai] n åÇͳÏ, Ódz׳Ý×: å³éÏ»óÝ»É, ÑáëåÇï³É³óÝ»É:
horse-hair [΄hɔ:sheə] n ÓÇáõ Ù³½. a ~ ma- host I [həust] n μ³½ÙáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ÙμáË. have a
trass ÓÇáõ Ù³½» Ý»ñùݳÏ: ~ of friends ËëÏó. ³ÝÃÇí/³ÝѳßÇí ÁÝ-
horsehide [΄hɔ:s‚haid] n ÓÇáõ ϳßÇ: Ï»ñÝ»ñ áõݻݳÉ:
horseless [΄hɔ:sləs] a ÓÇ ãáõÝ»óáÕ, ³ÝÓÇ, host II [həust] n ï³Ýï»ñ, ÑÛáõñÁÝϳÉ. act as
Ódz½áõñÏ: ~ ï³ÝïÇñáç ¹»ñ ϳï³ñ»É. ~ country
horseman [΄hɔ:smən] n Ódzíáñ, Ñ»ÍÛ³É: ÑÛáõñÁÝÏ³É »ñÏÇñ:
horse-marines [΄hɔ:smə‚ri:ns] n pl ËëÏó. hostage [΄hɒstidз] n å³ï³Ý¹. exchange ~s
¹³ï³ñÏ/³ÝÙÇï μ³Ý: å³ï³Ý¹Ý»ñ ÷á˳ݳϻÉ:
horse-play [΄hɔ:splei] n ³ÕÙϳÉÇ/ÏáåÇï hostel [΄hɒstl] n ѳÝñ³Ï³ó³ñ³Ý:
˳Õ: hostess [΄həustis] n ï³ÝïÇñáõÑÇ, Ñáõñ³Ýá-
horse-power [΄hɔ:spauə] n (Ïñ×. h. p. ). óÇ ïÇñáõÑÇ:
ï»Ë. ÓÇáõ áõÅ. a 40 h. p. engine 40 Ódzáõ- hostile [΄hɒstail] a ÃßݳٳϳÝ, ÃßݳÙáõ. the
ųÝáó ß³ñÅÇã: ~ camp ÃßÝ³Ù³Ï³Ý ×³Ùμ³ñ. (³Ýμ³ñÛ³-
horse-race, horce racing [΄hɔ:sreis, ó³Ï³Ù, ã³ñ³Ï³Ù) a ~ act/look/tone ³Ýμ³ñ-
΄hɔ:sreisiŋ] n Ódzñß³í: Û³ó³Ï³Ù ³ñ³ñù, ÃßÝ³Ù³Ï³Ý Ñ³Û³óù,
horse-radish [΄hɔ:srædi∫] n Íáí³μáÕÏ: ã³ñ³Ï³Ù ïáÝ. a ~ crowd Ãßݳٳμ³ñ
horse-shoe [΄hɔ:s∫u:] n, a å³Ûï, å³Ûï³- ïñ³Ù³¹ñí³Í ³ÙμáË:
ÝÙ³Ý: hostilit/y [hɒ΄stiləti] n ÃßݳÙáõÃÛáõÝ, Ãßݳ-
horse-shoer [΄hɔ:s∫uə] n ³Ù. å³Ûï³·áñÍ: Ù³Ýù. show ~ towards ÃßݳٳÝù óáõó³μ»-
horse-whip [΄hɔ:swip] n, v Ùïñ³Ï, Ùïñ³- ñ»É (Ù»ÏÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ) feel ~ ÃßݳٳÝù
Ï»É: ï³Í»É. ~ies å³ï»ñ³½Ù³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáÕáõ-
Ñorticulture [΄hɔ:tikΛlt∫ə] n ³Û·»·áñÍáõ- ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. at the outbreak of ~ies å³ï»ñ³½ÙÇ
ÃÛáõÝ, å³ñ﻽³·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ: ëϽμáõÙ. open ~ies å³ï»ñ³½Ù ëÏë»É. sus-
hose [həuz] n, v ÷áÕñ³Ï, Ññß»ç ÷áÕñ³Ï. pend ~ies ¹³¹³ñ»óÝ»É å³ï»ñ³½Ù³Ï³Ý
Ñíù. ·áõÉå³Ý»ñ, ·áõÉå»Õ»Ý. ÷áÕñ³Ïáí ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ:
çñ»É: hot [hɒt] a ï³ù, ûÄ, ßá·, ïáÃ. be/feel ~
hot 406 house

ßá·»É. ~ tea/food ï³ù ûÛ/áõï»ÉÇù. a ~ day ³ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ Å³Ù»ñ. consulting ~s ÁÝ-


ßá· ûñ. ~ weather/climate ßá· »Õ³Ý³Ï/ÏÉÇ- ¹áõÝ»ÉáõÃÛ³Ý Å³Ù»ñ. after closing ~s ÷³Ï-
Ù³. (ï³ù³ó³Í, Ñáõ½í³Í, ·ñ·éí³Í) ~ ar- í»Éáõó Ñ»ïá. seize the ~ å³ÑÁ μ³ó ãÃáÕÝ»É.
gument ï³ù³ó³Í í»×. have ~ temper ï³- ~s of duty ÁݹáõÝ»ÉáõÃÛ³Ý/³ß˳ï³Ý-
ù³ñÛáõÝ ÉÇÝ»É. get ~ ½³Ûñ³Ý³É. (ÏÍáõ) ~ ùÇ/ͳé³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý Å³Ù»ñ. the question of the
pepper ÏÍáõ åÕå»Õ. (óñÙ) ~ news óñÙ ~ Ññ³ï³å ѳñó. in a good/evil ~ μ³ñÇ/ ã³ñ
Éáõñ»ñ. a ~ number ËëÏó. ë»ùë éáõÙμ: ųÙÇÝ. keep early/late ~s ßáõï/áõß í»ñ Ï»-
hot [hɒt] adv ç»ñÙáñ»Ý, ï³ù-ï³ù, give it ݳÉ./å³éÏ»É ùÝ»Éáõ: the small ~s Ï»ë·Ç-
smn ~ and strong ·ÉËÇÝ ß³Ý É³÷ ó÷»É. ß»ñÇó ÙÇÝ㨠Éáõë³μ³ó ÁÝÏ³Í Å³Ù»ñÁ.
blow ~ and cold ï³ï³Ýí»É, Ù»°Ï ÏáÕÙ, Ù»°Ï ËëÏó. ·Çß»ñí³ í³Õ ųٻñÁ dead ~s
¹»Ù ÉÇÝ»É: ·Çß»ñí³ ËáõÉ Å³Ù»ñÁ. 70 miles an ~
hotbed [΄hɒtbed] n ç»ñÙáó. ÷Ëμ. ûç³Ë, ųÙáõÙ 70 ÙÕáÝ. work long ~ s »ñϳñ ³ß-
μáõÛÝ. a ~ of vice ³ñ³ïÇ ûç³Ë: ˳ï»É. a three ~s walk/drive »ñ»ù ųÙí³
hot-blooded [‚hɒt΄blΛdid] a ï³ù³ñÛáõÝ, áïùáí/Ù»ù»Ý³Ûáí ׳ݳå³ñÑ. at all ~s
Ïñ³Ïáï, Ïñùáï: ûñí³ ùë³Ýãáñë ųÙÁ. It takes me/him 2-3
hot-brained [΄hɒt΄breind] a (ݳ¨ hot- ~s ÆÝÓÝÇó/Üñ³ÝÇó »ñÏáõ-»ñ»ù ų٠¿
headed) ï³ù·ÉáõË, ¹Ûáõñ³μáñμáù: ËÉáõÙ. at this ~ ³Ûë ųÙÇÝ. within the ~ Ù»Ï
hotchpotch [΄hɒt∫pɒt∫] n Ùëáí ¨ μ³Ýç³ñ»- ųÙÇ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ:
Õ»Ýáí Ï»ñ³Ïáõñ. ³ç³μë³Ý¹³É. His work is hour-circle [‚auə΄sə:kl] n ÙÇçûñ»³Ï³Ý,
just a ~ Üñ³ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ å³ñ½³å»ë ѳ- ÙÇçûñ»³·ÇÍ:
í³ù³Íáõ ¿: hour-glass [΄auəgla:s] n ³í³½Ç ųٳ-
hot dog [΄hɒtdɒg] n ï³ù Ýñμ»ñßÇÏáí μáõÉ- óáõÛó:
ÏÇ: hour-hand [΄auəhænd] n ųٳóáõÛóÇ
hotel [‚həu΄tel] n ÑÛáõñ³Ýáó. put up/stay at a ~ ÷áùñ/ ųÙÁ ÝßáÕ ëɳùÁ:
ÑÛáõñ³ÝáóáõÙ Ç稳ݻÉ: hourly [΄auəli] 1. a ³Ù»ÝųÙÛ³, ÙÇ Å³Ù
hothead [΄hɔthed] n ï³ù ·ÉáõË (Ù³ñ¹)£ ï¨áÕ. an ~ bus (service) ųÙÁ Ù»Ï (»ÏáÕ)
hot-headed [΄hɔt΄hedid] a ï³ù, ï³ù- ³íïáμáõë. the ~ rate of pay ųٳí׳ñ 2.
·ÉáõË, ¹Ûáõñ³μáñμáù£ adv ³Ù»Ý ųÙ, ³ÝÁݹѳï, ß³ñáõݳÏ, live
hothouse [΄hɒthaus] n ç»ñÙáó. a ~ plant in ~ dread ß³ñáõݳÏ/³ÝÁݹѳï í³ËÇ Ù»ç
ç»ñÙáó³ÛÇÝ μáõÛë (ݳ¨ ÷Ëμ.)£ ³åñ»É:
hotly [΄hɒtli] adv Ïñ³Ïáï, Ïñùáï. argue ~ house [haus] 1. n ïáõÝ, ß»Ýù, μݳϳñ³Ý.
Ïñùáï íÇ×»É. ~ deny Ïïñ³Ï³Ý³å»ë Ù»ñ- ¹³ëï³Ï»ñï, ϳÉí³Í³ïáõÝ. a detached ~
Å»É: ³é³ÝÓݳïáõÝ. duplex ~ »ñÏáõ μݳϳñ³-
hot plate [΄hɒtpleit] n ¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³Ý ë³Éû- ÝÇó μ³Õϳó³Í ßÇÝáõÃÛáõÝ. terraced ~
ç³Ë: ë³Ý¹Õ³í³Ý¹Ç íñ³ ·ïÝíáÕ ïáõÝ. weekend
hot-pot [΄hɒtpɒt] n ßá·»Ë³ß³Í ÙÇë ϳñ- ~ ³Ù³é³Ýáó³ÛÇÝ ïݳÏ. stone/brick/wooden
ïáýÇÉáí: ~ù³ñ»/³ÕÛáõë»/ ÷³Ûï» ïáõÝ, ßÇÝáõÃÛáõÝ.
hotspur [΄hɒtspə:] n ï³ù³ñÛáõÝ/³Ý½áõëå dwelling ~ μݳϻÉÇ ïáõÝ. apartment ~ μ³½-
Ù³ñ¹: Ù³μݳϳñ³Ý ïáõÝ/ ß»Ýù. country ~ ³Ù³-
hot water bottle [‚hɒt΄wɔ:təbɒtl] n ç»ñ- é³Ýáó. (ÁÝï³ÝÇù, ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ) noisy ~
Ù³Ï (·ñ»Éϳ) ³ÕÙÏáï ÁÝï³ÝÇù. You’ll wake the whole ~
hound [haund] n áñëÏ³Ý ßáõÝ, μ³ñ³Ï. ride ´áÉáñÇÝ Ï³ñÃݳóÝ»ë. keep ~ ïÝï»ëáõ-
to ~s ÓÇáí ¨ ßÝ»ñáí áñë ³Ý»É: ÃÛ³Ùμ ½μ³Õí»É. keep to the ~ ï³ÝÇó ¹áõñë
hound [haund] v ßÝ»ñáí áñë ³Ý»É. ÷Ëμ. ã·³É. move ~ ï»Õ³÷áËí»É. set up a ~
Ù»ÏÇÝ Ñ³É³Í»É: μݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ Ñ³ëï³ï»É. keep open ~
hour [΄auə] n ųÙ. a quarter ûf an ~ ù³éáñ¹ ÑÛáõñÁÝÏ³É ïáõÝ ÉÇÝ»É. (ýÇñÙ³, ÑÇÙݳñÏ)
ųÙ. half an ~ Ï»ë ųÙ. an ~ and a half Ù»Ï áõ public ~ å³Ý¹áÏ. trading/business/who-
Ï»ë ųÙ. the rush ~ »ñè»ÏáõÃÛ³Ý É³ñí³Í lesale/publishing/fashion ~ ³é¨ïñÇ å³É³ï.
ųٻñ, ɳñí³Í³Å³Ù. business/office ~s Ù»Í³Í³Ë ³é¨ïñÇ ïáõÝ, Ññ³ï³ñ³Ï-
house 407 how

ãáõÃÛáõÝ, Ýáñ³Ó¨áõÃÛ³Ý ëñ³Ñ. opera ~ ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ, ïݳí³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. the art of ~


ûå»ñ³. the House of Commons, Lower House ïݳí³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. do the ~ ïݳÛÇÝ ïÝï»ëáõ-
гٳÛÝùÝ»ñÇ å³É³ï. the House of Lords, ÃÛáõÝÁ í³ñ»É. ~ money ïݳÛÇÝ ïÝï»ëáõ-
Upper House Èáñ¹»ñÇ å³É³ï. the House of ÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ݳ˳ï»ëí³Í ¹ñ³Ù. ÑÙÏñ·.
Representatives Ü»ñϳ۳óáõóÇãÝ»ñÇ å³- ͳé³ÛáճϳÝ/ûųݹ³Ï ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝ-
ɳï. the House of Romanovs èáÙ³ÝáíÝ»ñÇ Ý»ñ. ~ information ͳé³ÛáÕ³Ï³Ý ÇÝýáñ-
¹Çݳëïdz. óïñ. ѳݹÇë³ï»ëÝ»ñ a Ù³ódz. ~ overhead ѳٳϳñ·³ÛÇÝ Í³Ë-
poor/full ~ ÏÇë³¹³ï³ñÏ/É»÷-É»óáõÝ ¹³Ñ- ë»ñ. ~ routine ͳé³ÛáÕ³Ï³Ý Íñ³·Çñ:
ÉÇ×. Full House ´áÉáñ ïáÙë»ñÁ í³×³éí³Í houseless [΄hausləs] a ³ÝïáõÝ, ³Ýϳ-
»Ý. bring down the ~ μáõéÝ ó³ñ³Ý£
ͳ÷³Ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ³é³ç³óÝ»É. last ~ housemaid [΄hausmeid] n ëå³ëáõÑÇ£
(ÏÇÝá) í»ñçÇÝ ë»³Ýë. The round of drinks is housemaster [΄hausma:stə] n å³ÝëÇáÝÇ
on the ~ ÊÙÇãùÁ ïÇñáç ѳßíÇÝ ¿. 2. a ϳé³í³ñÇã£
ïݳÛÇÝ. ~ slippers ïݳÛÇÝ ÏáßÇÏÝ»ñ, Ñá- housemates [΄hausmeits] n pl ïݳÏÇóÝ»ñ,
ճó÷»ñ. a ~ plant ïݳÛÇÝ μáõÛë. ~ arrest ÝáõÛÝ ß»ÝùÇ μݳÏÇãÝ»ñ£
ïݳÛÇÝ μ³Ýï³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ: house painter [΄hauspeintə] n Ý»ñϳñ³ñ:
house [hauz] v μݳϳñ³Ýáí ³å³Ñáí»É, house party [΄hauspa:ti] n »ñ»ÏáõÛà (ݳ¨
ûè³Ý ï³É., ï»Õ³íáñ»É. ~ homeless fami- ÑÛáõñ»ñÁ) ï³ÝÁ:
lies ³ÝïáõÝ ÁÝï³ÝÇùÝ»ñÇÝ Ï³ó³ñ³Ý house-physician [΄hausfi‚zi∫n], house-
ï³É. The block can ~ ten families سëݳ- surgeon [΄haus‚sə:dзən] n ÑÇí³Ý¹³-
ß»ÝùÁ ϳñáÕ ¿ ï³ëÝ ÁÝï³ÝÇù ³å³Ñáí»É. ÝáóáõÙ ³åñáÕ μÅÇßÏ/íÇñ³μáõÛÅ:
The exhibition is ~d in the school òáõó³- house-top [΄haustɒp] n ͳÍÏ, ï³ÝÇù:
ѳݹ»ëÁ ï»Õ³íáñí³Í ¿ ¹åñáóáõÙ. They housetrained [΄haustreind] a ï³ÝÁ í³ñ-
~d the car in the shade Ø»ù»Ý³Ý ͳÍÏÇ ï³Ï Å»óí³Í ~ dog ï³ÝÝ ³åñáÕ ßáõÝ. ~ husband
¹ñ»óÇÝ: ÏïÏ. ïݳÛÇÝ ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÁ í³ñ»Éáõ
house boat [΄hausbəut] n (ÉáÕ³óáÕ) ݳí³Ï í³ñÅ»óí³Í ³ÙáõëÇÝ:
ïáõÝ: house-warming [΄haus‚wɔ:miŋ] n (ݳ¨ ~
housebreaker [΄hausbreikə] n Ïáïñ³Ýù party) μݳϳñ³Ý³ÙáõïÇ ËÝçáõÛù. give a ~
ϳï³ñáÕ ·áÕ: (party) μݳϳñ³Ý³ÙáõïÇ ËÝçáõÛù ϳ½Ù³-
housebraking [΄haus‚breikiŋ] n ïݳÛÇÝ Ï»ñå»É:
·áÕáõÃÛáõÝ Ïáïñ³Ýùáí£ house-wife [΄hauswaif] n ï³ÝïÇÏÇÝ, ïݳ-
houseful [΄hausful]1. n É»÷-É»óáõÝ ïáõÝ. 2. ÛÇÝ ïÝï»ëáõÑÇ.
a ÙÇ É»÷-É»óáõÝ (ïáõÝ): housework [΄hauswə:k] n ï³Ý ³ß˳-
household [΄haushəuld] n, a ÁÝï³ÝÇù, ï³Ý ï³Ýù, ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ:
³Ý¹³ÙÝ»ñ, ïÝ»óÇù. ïݳÛÇÝ ïÝï»ëáõ- housing [΄hauziŋ] n μݳϳñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ßÇݳ-
ÃÛáõÝ. ï³Ý, ïݳÛÇÝ, ÁÝï³Ý»Ï³Ý. ~ chores ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ/ýáݹ. μݳϳñ³Ýáí ³å³Ñá-
ïݳÛÇÝ Ñá·ë»ñ. ~ expenses ÁÝï³Ý»Ï³Ý í»ÉÁ: ~ conditions μݳϳñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ å³ÛÙ³Ý-
ͳËë»ñ. ~ goods ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ³åñ³Ýù- Ý»ñ. ~ shortage μݳϳñ³ÝÝ»ñÇ å³Ï³ëáõ-
Ý»ñ. family ~ ÁÝï³Ý»Ï³Ý ïݳÛÇÝ ïÝï»- ÃÛáõÝ. ~ estate μݳϻÉÇ Ã³Õ³Ù³ë:
ëáõÃÛáõÝ. the royal ~ ó·³íáñ³Ï³Ý å³- hovel [΄hɒvl] n ÑÛáõÕ³Ï, ͳÍÏ:
ɳï, ³ñùáõÝÇù. H, Cavalry (Ø´) ¶í³ñ¹Ç³- hover [΄hɒvə] v ë³í³éÝ»É, ׳Ëñ»É. ÷Ëμ.
Ï³Ý Ñ»Í»É³½áñ: ßáõñçÁ åïïí»É, ¹»ëáõ¹»Ý í³½»É/ÁÝÏÝ»É.
householder [΄haushəuldə] n ï³Ýï»ñ (ë»- The secretaries ~ed round the president ø³ñ-
÷³Ï³Ý³ï»ñ). ÁÝï³ÝÇùÇ ·ÉáõË/·É˳- ïáõÕ³ñÝ»ñÁ í³½í½áõÙ ¿ÇÝ Ý³Ë³·³ÑÇ
íáñ: ßáõñçÁ:
housekeeper [΄hauski:pə] n ïÝï»ëáõÑÇ, hovercraft [΄hɒvəkra:ft] n ÷á˳¹ñ³ÙÇçáó
ï³Ý ϳé³í³ñãáõÑÇ (ÑÛáõñ³ÝáóáõÙ, ÑÇ- û¹³ÛÇÝ μ³ñÓÇ íñ³:
í³Ý¹³ÝáóáõÙ)£ how [hau] adv ÇÝãå»±ë, DZÝã Ó¨áí. H~ did it
housekeeping [΄haus‚ki:piŋ] n ïݳÛÇÝ happen? ²Û¹ ÇÝãå»±ë å³ï³Ñ»ó. How so?
however 408 humanitarian

ÆÝãå»±ë û. I don’t know ~ â·Çï»Ù ÇÝãå»ë. hue [hju:] n ·áõÛÝ, »ñ³Ý·:
H~ long? ÆÝãù³±Ý »ñϳñ, àñù³±Ý H~ far? hue and cry [‚hju:ən΄krai] n ·áéáõÙ-·áãáõÙ,
ƱÝã Ñ»é³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³. H~ about walking? ³ÕÙáõÏ-³Õ³Õ³Ï:
â·Ý³±Ýù ½μáë³ÝùÇ. H~ many/much? ÆÝã- huff [hΛf] 1. n ½³ÛñáõÛÃÇ åáéÃÏáõÙ, ½³Û-
ù³±Ý, àñù³±Ý. ~ old are you? ø³ÝDZ ï³ñ»- ñáõÛÃ. get into ~ çÕ³ÛݳݳÉ, μ³ñϳݳÉ. be
Ï³Ý »ù. (íÇ׳Ï) ~ goes it? ÆÝãå»±ë »ù. H~ are in a ~ íÇñ³íáñí»É. 2. v μ³ñϳóÝ»É, ½³Û-
things? ÆÝãå»±ë »ù H~ do you feel? ÆÝãå»±ë ñ³óÝ»É:
»ù Ó»½ ½·áõÙ. H~ should I know? ƱÝã ÇÙ³- huffy [΄hΛfi] a ݻճó³Í, íÇñ³íáñí³Í. Ý»-
ݳÙ. (μ³ó³Ï³Ýã³Ï³Ý) H~ stupid! Æ°Ýã Õ³óÏáï, ¹Ûáõñ³·ñ·Çé. Don’t be ~ ØÇ° Ý»-
ÑÇÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. H~ like him! Æñ»Ý ß³ï ÝÙ³Ý Õ³Ý³:
¿. H~ well you look ÆÝã ɳí ï»ëù áõÝ»ù: hug [hΛg] n ·ñÏáõÙ, ÷³ñáõÙ, ë»ÕÙáõÙ. give a
however [hau΄evə]1. adv ÇÝãù³Ý ¿É/áñù³Ý ~ ·ñÏ»É, ë»ÕÙ»É.
¿É áñ. ~ small áñù³Ý ¿É ÷áùñ/ùÇã. ~ much I hug [hΛg] v ·ñÏ»É, ë»ÕÙ»É, ³Ùáõñ μéÝ»É. Ùáï
tried áñù³Ý ¿É áñ »ë ÷áñÓ»óÇ. 2. cnj ë³- ÉÇÝ»É. They ~ged each other Üñ³Ýù ·ñϳ-
ϳÛÝ, ³ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí. ~ it’s all the same to ˳éÝí»óÇÝ. ~ oneself on Çñ»ÝÇó ·áÑ ÉÇÝ»É:
me ²ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí ÇÝÓ Ñ³Ù³ñ ÙǨÝáõÛÝ ¿: huge [hju:dз] a íÇÃ˳ñÇ, Ñëϳ۳ϳÝ, ³-
howl [haul] n áéÝáó, ×Çã, ɳó. ~s of rage ѳ·ÇÝ. ~ success/wave/sum/quantity ³Ñ³·ÇÝ
ϳï³ÕáõÃÛ³Ý ×Çã»ñ. The child let out a ~ ѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, íÇÃ˳ñÇ ³ÉÇù, Ñëϳ۳ϳÝ
»ñ»Ë³Ý ëÏë»ó ×ã³É/ÕÅųÉ.: ·áõÙ³ñ/ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
howl [haul] v áéݳÉ, ϳÕϳÝÓ»É. ×ã³É, hugely [΄hju:dзli] adv ß³ï, ë³ëïÇÏ, ËÇëï,
μ³ñÓñ³Ó³ÛÝ É³É/áÕμ³É. The storm ~ ed öá- ã³÷³½³Ýó:
ÃáñÇÏÁ áéÝáõÙ ¿ñ. ~ down ˻չ»É, Éé»óÝ»É. hulk [hΛlk] n Íáí. ÑÇÝ Ý³íÇ ÏÙ³Ëù. ÷Ëμ.
~ with pain/laughter ó³íÇó áéݳÉ, ÍÇͳÕÇó ¹³Ý¹³Õ³ß³ñÅ/³ÝßÝáñÑù Ù³ñ¹. the ~ of a
ÃáõɳݳÉ. The speaker/actor was ~ down Ðé»- shipwrecked vessel ݳí³μ»Ï ݳíÇ ÏÙ³Ëù:
ïáñÇÝ ·áé·áéáóáí Éé»óñÇÝ. ¸»ñ³ë³ÝÇÝ
hulking [΄hΛlkiŋ] a Ù»Í áõ ͳÝñ, ³Ý×áéÝÇ,
ëáõÉ»Éáí Éé»óñÇÝ:
³ÝßÝáñÑù. a great ~ fellow ³ñçÇ Ù»Ï. ~ in-
howler [΄haulə] n ÑÇÙ³ñ/³ÝÇÙ³ëï/ÏáåÇï surence ݳíÇ ³å³Ñáí³·ñáõÙ:
ë˳É. come a ~ ËëÏó. ÷áñÓ³ÝùÇ Ù»ç ÁÝÏ-
hull [hΛl] n Ù³ñÙÇÝ, ÏÙ³Ëù (ݳíÇ):
Ý»É:
howling [΄hauliŋ] a áéݳóáÕ, Ùé³ÛÉ. íѳï. hullabaloo [‚hΛləbə΄lu:] n ³ÕÙáõÏ ÅËáñ,
Çñ³ñ³ÝóáõÙ. What a ~! ƯÝã ³ÕÙáõÏ ¿/Õ³É-
ËëÏó. ëáëϳÉÇ, ³Õ³Õ³ÏáÕ. a ~ bore/success
Ù³Õ³É ¿:
ëáëϳÉÇ ï³ÕïáõÏ. ³Ñ³íáñ ѳçáÕáõ-
ÃÛáõÝ£
hullo [΄hΛləu] int ËëÏó. áÕçáõÛÝ. Ñ»é. ³ÉÉá:
hub [hΛb] n ëéݳϳÉ. ÷Ëμ. Ï»ÝïñáÝ/ hum [hΛm] n μ½½áó, ï½½áó. ¹ÅÅáó, ËáõÉ
³ÕÙáõÏ£
áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ, Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ.
They think their village is the ~ of universe
hum [hΛm] v μ½½³É, ï½½³É, ¹ÅųÉ. ~ a tune
ÏÇë³Ó³ÛÝ/ùÃÇ ï³Ï »ñ·»É. ~ and haw
Üñ³Ýù ϳñÍáõÙ »Ý` Çñ»Ýó ·ÛáõÕÁ
ïÇ»½»ñùÇ Ï»ÝïñáÝÝ ¿: ͳÙÍÙ»É, ¹³Ý¹³Õ Ëáë»É:
hubbub [΄hΛbΛb] n ·áéáõÙ-·áãáõÙ, ³Õ³- human [΄hju:mən] n Ù³ñ¹. ~ being Ù³ñ¹Ï³-
Õ³Ï, ÅËáñ: ÛÇÝ ¿³Ï. ~s Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ. ~ rights Ù³ñ¹áõ Çñ³-
hubby [΄hΛbi] n ËëÏó. ³ÙáõëÝÛ³Ï: íáõÝùÝ»ñ.
huckleberry [΄hΛklbəri] n ѳí³Ùñ·Ç. red human [΄hju:mən] a Ù³ñ¹Ï³ÛÇÝ. ~ race
~ h³å³É³ë: Ù³ñ¹Ï³ÛÇÝ ó»Õ. It’s only ~ to err سñ¹áõÝ
huddle [΄hΛdl] n ÏáõÛï, ß»Õμ. ³ÙμáË, ˳é- ѳïáõÏ ¿ ë˳Éí»É. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ engineering
ÝÇËáõéÝ μ³½ÙáõÃÛáõÝ: ÇÝŻݻñ³ÛÇÝ Ñá·»μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
huddle [΄hΛdl] v ËéÝí»É, ËÙμí»É. The child- humane [΄hju:mein] a Ù³ñ¹Ï³ÛÇÝ, Ù³ñ¹³-
ren ~d together under the trees ºñ»Ë³Ý»ñÁ ë»ñ. Ù³ñ¹³ëÇñ³Ï³Ý û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ man
ËÙμí»óÇÝ Í³é»ñÇ ßáõñçÁ. (ÏÍÏí»É, Ïáõã Ù³ñ¹³ë»ñ:
·³É) She ~d on the sofa ܳ Ïáõã ¿ñ »Ï»É humanely [hju:΄meinli] adv Ù³ñ¹³ëÇñ³-
μ³½ÙáóÇ íñ³: μ³ñ:
humanities 409 hunger

humanism [΄hju:məniz(ə)m] n Ù³ñ¹³ëÇ- óáõÙ. dry ~ Éáõñç ï»ëùáí ÍÇͳճ߳ñÅ μ³-


ñáõÃÛáõÝ, Ù³ñ¹Ï³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ. Ý»ñ ³ë»É: (ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ˳éÝí³Íù)
humanitarian [hju‚mæni΄teəriən] n Ù³ñ- in good/bad, ill ~ ɳí/í³ï ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý
¹³ëÇñ³Ï³Ý. ÑnõÙ³ÝÇëï³Ï³Ý: ~ aid Ù³ñ- Ù»ç. out of ~ ³Ýïñ³Ù³¹Çñ. when the ~ takes
¹³ëÇñ³Ï³Ý û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: him »ñμ ݳ μ³ñÓñ ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ¿:
humanities [hju΄mænətiis] n ѳë³ñ³Ï³- humour [΄hju:mə] v Ý»ñáÕ³ÙÇï ÉÇÝ»É, »ñ»ë
Ï³Ý ·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: ï³É. ½Çç»É, ѳñÙ³ñí»É. ~ smb ËëÏó. ëÇ-
humanity [hju΄mænəti] n Ù³ñ¹ÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ñ³ß³Ñ»É:
Ù³ñ¹Ï³ÛÇÝ ó»Õ. Ù³ñ¹³ëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ, μ³ñáõ- humourless [΄hju:mələs] a ³é³Ýó ÑáõÙáñÇ:
ÃÛáõÝ. crimes against ~ ѳÝó³·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ hump [hΛmp] n u³å³ï, Ïáõ½. μÉáõñ,
Ù³ñ¹ÏáõÃÛ³Ý ¹»Ù: μÉñ³Ï. be over the ~ ÷Ëμ. ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ/
humankind [‚hju:mən΄kaind] n Ù³ñ¹Ïáõ- ·áñÍÇ Ù»Í Ù³ëÝ ³ñ³Í ÉÇÝ»É:
ÃÛáõÝ, Ù³ñ¹Ï³ÛÇÝ ó»Õ: hump [hΛmp] v Ïáñ³Ý³É. ~ the bag of coal
humble [΄hΛmbl] a ѳٻëï, ³Ýßáõù. ѳ- Ù»çùÇ íñ³ ï³Ý»É ÙÇ å³ñÏ ³ÍáõË:
ë³ñ³Ï. ѳë³ñ³Ï ¹³ëÇÝ å³ïϳÝáÕ. Ëá- humpback [΄hΛmpbæk] n Ïáõ½, Ïáõ½ÇÏ
ݳñÑ, Ñݳ½³Ý¹. a ~ occupation/dwelling ѳ- Ù³ñ¹:
Ù»ëï ½μ³ÕÙáõÝù, ѳë³ñ³Ï μݳϳí³Ûñ. humpbacked [΄hΛmpbækt] ë³å³ï³íáñ,
your ~ servant (ݳٳÏáõÙ) Ó»ñ ËáݳñÑ Í³- Ïáõ½ÇÏ£
é³. in my ~ opinion Ç٠ѳٻëï ϳñÍÇùáí: humph [hΛmf] int ÑÁÙ£
humble [΄hΛmbl] v Ýí³ëï³óÝ»É, ëïáñ³ó- humpty-dumpty [‚hΛmpti΄dΛmpti] n
Ý»É. ÁÝÏ×»É, Ñݳ½³Ý¹»óÝ»É: ϳñ×ÉÇÏ Ù³ñ¹, ýáõÏ, ·³×³×:
humble-bee [΄hΛmblbi:] n Çß³Ù»Õáõ: humpy [΄hΛmpi] a ³ÝѳñÃ. ~ ground μÉñ³-
humbug [΄hΛmbΛg] n ˳μ»áõÃÛáõÝ, Ï»Õ- ͳÍÏ/³Ýѳñà ï»Õ³ÛÝù:
ÍÇù, ßÇÝÍáõ μ³Ý. ËëÏó. ß³ï³Ëáë ˳μ»- humus [΄hju:məs] n μáõë³ÑáÕ, ÑáõÙáõë:
μ³. It’s all ~ ²Û¹ ³ÙμáÕçÁ ÑÇÙ³ñ Ëáë³Ï- hunch [hΛnt∫] n ë³å³ï, Ïáõ½. (ݳ˳½·³-
óáõÃÛáõÝ ¿: óáõÙ, ϳëϳÍ) have a ~ ݳ˳½·³É. ݳ-
humdrum [΄hΛmdrΛm] n, a Ùdzå³Õ³Õáõ- ˳½·³óáõÙ áõݻݳÉ:
ÃÛáõÝ. Ó³ÝÓñ³ÉÇ/³ÝÑ»ï³ùñùÇñ Ù³ñ¹. ~ hunch [hΛnt∫] v (ݳ¨ hunch up) Ïáõ½ÇϳݳÉ.
life Ùdzå³Õ³Õ/ÙÇûñÇÝ³Ï ÏÛ³Ýù. ~ style ~ one’s back/oneself Ù»çùÁ Ïáñ³óÝ»É:
Ó³ÝÓñ³ÉÇ á×/É»½áõ: hunch-back [΄hΛnt∫bæk] n ë³å³ï³íáñ/
humid [΄hju:mid] a Ëáݳí: Ïáõ½ÇÏ Ù³ñ¹:
humidity [hju΄midəti] n ËáݳíáõÃÛáõÝ: hundred [΄hΛndrəd] num n ѳñÛáõñ. a ~
humiliate [hju΄milieit] v ëïáñ³óÝ»É, Ýí³ë- times ѳñÛáõñ³íáñ ³Ý·³ÙÝ»ñ. a ~ miles
ï³óÝ»É: away ѳ½³ñ³íáñ ÙÕáÝÝ»ñ Ñ»éáõ. by the ~s
humiliation [hju‚mili΄ei∫n] n ëïáñ³óáõÙ, ѳñÛáõñ³ÏÝ»ñáí. in ~ ѳñÛáõñ³ÏÝ»ñáí. one
Ýí³ëï³óáõÙ: ~ percent h³ñÛáõñ ïáÏáëáí, ÉñÇí. It’s one ~
humility [hju΄miləti] n ѳٻëïáõÃÛáõÝ, to one against succeeding ѳñÛáõñÁ Ù»ÏÇ ¹»Ù,
Ñݳ½³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝ: accept the remark with ~ áñ ¹³ ãÇ Ñ³çáÕíÇ. The train departs at six ~
ѳٻëïáõÃÛ³Ùμ/Ëáݳñѳμ³ñ ÁݹáõÝ»É hours ¶Ý³óùÁ Ù»ÏÝáõÙ ¿ áõÕÇÕ Å³ÙÇ í»óÇÝ:
¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ: hundredfold [΄hΛndrədfəuld] a, n ѳñÛáõñ
humming-bird [΄hΛmiŋbə:d] n ÏáÉÇμñÇ ³Ý·³Ù, ѳñÛáõñ³å³ïÇÏ:
(ÃéãáõÝ): hundred percenter [΄hΛndrədpə‚sentə] n
hummock [΄hΛmək] n μÉñ³Ï, ë³éó³ÏáõÛï£ áõé³ Ñ³Ûñ»Ý³ë»ñ£
humorist [΄hju:mərist] n »ñ·Çͳμ³Ý, ϳ- hundredth [΄hΛndrədθ] num, n ѳñÛáõñ»-
ï³Ï³Ëáë. ÑáõÙáñÇëï. ñáñ¹. ѳñÛáõñ»ñáñ¹ Ù³ë:
humorous [΄hju:mərəs] a »ñ·ÇͳϳÝ, ½³- hundredweight [΄hΛndrədweit] n ó»Ýï-
í»ßï³Ï³Ý, ÍÇͳճ߳ñÅ: Ý»ñ:
humour [΄hju:mə] n ϳï³Ï³ëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ, hunger [΄hΛŋgə] n ù³Õó, ëáí. die of ~ ëá-
»ñ·ÇͳÝù, ÑáõÙáñ. sense of ~ ÑáõÙáñÇ ½·³- íÇó/ ³Í Ù»éÝ»É. satisfy one’s ~ ù³ÕóÁ ѳ-
hunger-strike 410 hurtle

·»óÝ»É. keen ~ áõÅ»Õ/ËÇëï ù³Õó£ ݳ˳ï». Éáõï³Ýù ó÷»É:


hunger [΄hΛŋgə] v ëáí³Í³Ý³É, ëáí ½·³É. hurly-burly [΄hə:libə:li] n Çñ³ñ³ÝóáõÙ,
÷Ëμ. ï»Ýã³É, ÷³÷³·»É.. The child ~s for ˳éݳß÷áÃáõÃÛáõÝ.
caress ºñ»Ë³Ý ÷³Õ³ùß³ÝùÇ Ï³ñÇù hurrah [hə΄ra:], hurray [hə΄rei] n, int
áõÝÇ: Ñáõé³, áõé³£
hunger-strike [΄hΛŋgəstraik] n ѳó³¹áõÉ. hurricane [΄hΛrikən] n ÷áÃáñÇÏ, ÙññÇÏ£
go on ~ ѳó³¹áõÉ Ñ³Ûï³ñ³ñ»É: hurried [΄hΛrid] a ßï³å, ³ñ³·. a ~ depar-
hungrily [΄hΛŋgrili] adv ³·³Ñáñ»Ý, ³·³- ture ßï³å Ù»ÏÝáõÙ. ~ reading ÃéáõóÇÏ
ѳμ³ñ. eat ~ ³·³Ñáñ»Ý áõï»É. eye the por- ÁÝûñóáõÙ:
trait ~ ³·³Ñáñ»Ý Ý³Û»É ÝϳñÇÝ: hurriedly [΄hΛridli] adv ßï³åáí, ³ñ³·
hungry [΄hΛŋgri ]1. a ù³Õó³Í, ëáí³Í. be ~ Ï»ñåáí. eat ~ ³ñ³· áõï»É:
ù³Õó³Í ÉÇÝ»É. go ~ ëáí³Í ÙݳÉ. ù³Õó³Í hurry [΄hΛri] n ßï³åáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ßï³åáõÙ.
Ù³Ý ·³É. a ~ look ù³Õó³Í ѳ۳óù. get/ ³×³å³ñ³Ýù. in a/in one’s ~ ßï³åáí,
grow ~ ù³Õó³Í³Ý³É/ëáí³Í³Ý³É. I’m not ~ ѳå×»å Ï»ñåáí, ³ñ³·-³ñ³·. There is no
for breakfast Ü³Ë³×³ß ã»Ù áõ½áõÙ. Running ~ ä»ïù ã¿ ßï³å»É. (after) all the ~ ³ÙμáÕç
is a ~ work ì³½»Éáõó Ñ»ïá ³ËáñųϹ ßï³åáճϳÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ßï³å»ÉÁ. What’s
μ³óíáõÙ ¿. ~ as a hunter ·³ÛÉÇ/ß³Ý å»ë the ~? ÆÝãá±õ ßï³å»É. What’s your ~? à±õñ
ù³Õó³Í, ~ for news ÷Ëμ. Éáõñ»ñÇ. /Ýáñáõ- »ë/ÆÝãá±õ »ë ßï³åáõÙ. in a ~ ËëÏó. ÏñÏÇÝ,
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ï³ñáï. 2. n the ~ ëáíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÁ, ßáõïáí. I’ll not come here again in a ~ ºë
ù³Õó³ÍÝ»ñÁ: (»ñ¨Ç) ßáõï ã»Ù ·³ ³Ûëï»Õ:
hunk [hΛŋk] n (ѳóÇ/ÙëÇ) Ù»Í Ïïáñ. hurry [΄hΛri] v ßï³å»É, ßï³å»óÝ»É. ³×³-
(ÃËí³ÍùÇ) ß»ñï: å³ñ»É. Don’t ~ ØÇ° ßï³å»ù`. Don’t ~ me ØÇ°
hunks [΄hΛŋks] n ·ÍáõÍ/Åɳï Ù³ñ¹: ßï³å»óñ»ù ÇÝÓ. ~ up Þï³åÇ°ñ. ~ the work
hunt [hΛnt] n áñë, μéÝ»ÉÁ. a fox ~ ³Õí»ëÇ along ³ñ³·³óÝ»É ³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ. This plan
áñë. a rat ~ ³éÝ»ï μéÝ»ÉÁ. (áñáÝáõÙ, ÷ÁÝï- can’t be hurried ²Ûë Íñ³·ÇñÁ ãÇ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ
ñ»ÉÁ) after a long ~ »ñϳñ áñáÝáõÙÝ»ñÇó ³ñ³· Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É. ~ out of the room
Ñ»ïá. organize a ~ for the missing person ßï³åáí ~ back ³ñ³· í»ñ³¹³éݳÉ:
Ïáñ³Í ³ÝÓÇ áñáÝáõ٠ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñå»É.: hurry-scurry [‚hΛri΄skΛri] n í³½í½áó,
hunt [hΛnt] v áñë ³Ý»É, áñëáñ¹áõÃÛ³Ùμ Çñ³ñ³ÝóáõÙ, ˳éݳß÷áÃáõÃÛáõÝ:
½μ³Õí»É. ~ bears ³ñçÇ áñë ³Ý»É. Ùñ½. Ñ»- hurst [hə:st] n μÉñ³Ï, ³Ýï³é³å³ï μÉñ³Ï£
ï³åݹ»É. Ñ»ï³Ùáõï ÉÇÝ»É. ~ (for) the thief hurt [hə:t] n íݳëí³Íù, í»ñù, íݳë. íÇñ³-
·áÕÇÝ áñáÝ»É/Ñ»ï³åݹ»É. flat ~ing μݳϳ- íáñ³Ýù.
ñ³Ý ÷Ýïñ»ÉÁ. ~ out the address ѳëó»Ý hurt [hə:t] v íݳë»É, íݳë å³ï׳é»É. ~
·ïÝ»É. go ~ing with dogs ßÝ»ñáí áñë ³Ý»É. oneself íݳëí»É. ~ one’s leg áïùÁ íݳë»É.
~ for the document ÷³ëï³ÃáõÕÃÁ ÷Ýïñ»É: be seriously ~ Éáõñç íݳëí»É. Don’t ~ the cat
hunter [΄hΛntə] n áñëáñ¹, áñëÇ ßáõÝ/ÓÇ: γïíÇÝ ÙÇ ï³ÝçÇ. (íݳë å³ï׳é»É/
hunting [΄hΛntiŋ] 1. n áñëáñ¹áõÃÛáõÝ. 2. a ѳëóÝ»É) A glass of wine won’t ~ anybody ØÇ
áñëÇ, áñëáñ¹³Ï³Ý. ~ box áñëáñ¹³Ï³Ý μ³Å³Ï ·ÇÝÇÝ áã-áùÇ ãÇ íݳëÇ. It won’t ~
ïݳÏ: you to walk home âÇ Ë³Ý·³ñÇ áïùáí ïáõÝ
huntsman [΄hΛntsmən] n áñëáñ¹: ·Ý³É. It won’t ~ to postpone the matter àãÇÝã ãÇ
hurdle [΄hə:dl] n ß³ñÅ³Ï³Ý ó³Ýϳå³ï. å³ï³ÑÇ, »Ã» ·áñÍÁ Ñ»ï³Ó·»Ýù. (íÇñ³-
Ùñ½. ³ñ·»É³å³ï. ÷Ëμ. ³ñ·»Éù, ËáãÁÝ- íáñ³Ýù) ~ one’s feelings Ù»ÏÇÝ íÇñ³íáñ»É.
¹áï get over the ~ ³ñ·»ÉùÁ ѳÕóѳñ»É. ~ ~ smb’s pride Ù»ÏÇ ÇÝùݳëÇñáõÃÛ³ÝÁ Ïåã»É.
race ËáãÁݹáïÝ»ñáí í³½ù: It ~s me ¸³ íÇñ³íáñ³Ï³Ý ¿ ÇÝÓ Ñ³Ù³ñ.
hurl [hə:l] n Ý»ïáõÙ, ó÷áí Ý»ï»ÉÁ£ (ó³í»É) My eyes ~ ²ãù»ñë ó³íáõÙ »Ý. Where
hurl [hə:l] v ó÷áí Ý»ï»É. ßåñï»É, ~ stones does it ~? ƱÝãÝ ¿ ó³íáõÙ:
ù³ñ ßåñï»É. ~ oneself Ý»ïí»É, ѳñÓ³Ïí»É: hurt [hə:t] a íÇñ³íáñí³Í, ݻճó³Í:
He ~ed himself at/on his antagonist ܳ ѳñ- hurtle [΄hə:tl] n ÑñÙßïáó, ÑñÑñáó£
Ó³Ïí»ó Çñ ѳϳé³Ïáñ¹Ç íñ³. ~ abuse hurtle [΄hə:tl] v Ññ»É. ÑñÑñ»É. TÑe dog came
husband 411 hysterics

hurtling ÞáõÝÝ ³ñ³· í³½»ó ¹»åÇ Ù»½. He ÑdzóÇÝï:


~d down the slope ܳ ½³éÇí³Ûñáí Ý»ñù¨ hybrid [΄haibrid] 1. n ˳éݳÍÇÝ, ÑÇμñǹ 2.
ëɳó³í: a ˳éݳÍÇÝ, ˳ã³ë»ñí³Í:
husband [΄hΛzbənd] 1. n ³ÙáõëÇÝ. You and hydrant [΄haidrənt] n çñ³μ³ßË Íáñ³Ï,
your ~ are invited Ò»ñ ³ÙáõëÝáõ Ñ»ï ÙdzëÇÝ çñ³Íáñ³Ï. Ñǹñ³Ýï:
Ññ³íÇñíáõÙ »ù. 2. v í³ñ»É, ϳé³í³ñ»É. ~ hydrate [΄haidreit] n ùÇÙ. çñûùëǹ, Ñǹ-
one’s strength/resources áõÅ»ñÁ ËݳۻÉ. Ëݳ- ñ³ï. ~ of lime ѳݷ³Í ÏÇñ:
ÛáÕ³μ³ñ ͳËë»É: hydraulic [hai΄drɔ:lik] a çñ³μ³ß˳ϳÝ,
husbandry [΄hΛzbəndri] n ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»- Ñǹñ³íÉÇÏ:
ëáõÃÛáõÝ, ÑáÕ³·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ. animal ~ ³Ý³ë- hydraulics [hai΄drɔ:liks] n çñ³μ³ßËáõ-
ݳμáõÍáõÃÛáõÝ: ÃÛáõÝ:
hush [hΛ∫] n ÉéáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ fell on the company hydrogen [΄haidrədзən] n ùÇÙ. çñ³ÍÇÝ:
´áÉáñÁ Éé»óÇÝ: hydropathy [hai΄drɒpəθi] n çñ³μáõÅáõ-
hush [hΛ∫] v Éé»É, ëëÏí»É. Éé»óÝ»É, Ó³ÛÝÁ ÃÛáõÝ:
Ïïñ»É. ~ up ÉéáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ïÝ»É. ÏáÍÏ»É. The hydrophobia [‚haidrəu΄fəubiə] n çñí³Ëáõ-
scandal/affair was ~ed up êϳݹ³ÉÁ ÏáÍÏ»- ÃÛáõÝ:
óÇÝ. Hush! êá°õë, ÉéÇ°ñ£ hyena [hai΄i:nə] n μáñ»ÝÇ:
hushaby [΄hΛ∫əbai] n, int (ûñáñáó³ÛÇÝ) hygiene [΄haidзi:n] n ³éáÕç³å³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ,
ûñáñ-ûñáñ. ݳÝÇÏ-ݳÝÇÏ: ³éáÕç³·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ. ÑǷǻݳ:
hush-hush [‚hΛ∫΄hΛ∫]1. a ËëÏó. ·³ÕïÝÇ. hymn [him] n ûñÑÝ»ñ·. ·áí»ñ·. »Ï»Õ. ß³-
2. v ·³ÕïÝÇ ¹³ñÓÝ»É/å³Ñ»É: ñ³Ï³Ý, ï³Õ:
hush-money [΄hΛ∫mΛni] n μ»ñ³ÝÁ ÷³Ï»- hyperbole [hai΄pə:bəli] n ã³÷³½³Ýóáõ-
Éáõ ϳ߳éù: ÃÛáõÝ, ÑÇå»ñμáɳ:
husk [hΛsk] 1. n ϻը, Ï×»å, û÷. 2. v Ï»- hypersensitive [‚haipə΄sensətiv] a ·»ñ½·³-
Õ¨»É, Ï×å»É. û÷³Ñ³Ý ³Ý»É. ~ rice/sun- ÛáõÝ (ݳ¨ μÅßÏ.). a ~ person ·»ñ½·³ÛáõÝ
flower seeds μñÇÝÓÁ û÷³Ñ³Ý ³Ý»É. ³ÝÓݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ:
³ñ¨³Í³ÕÇÏÁ Ï×å»É/ãñûÉ: hypertext [΄haipətekst] ÑÙÏñ·. n ·»ñ-
husky [΄hΛski] a Ëéåáï. a ~ voice Ëéåáï ï»ùëï. ~ document ·»ñï»ùëïÇ ÷³ë-
Ó³ÛÝ. û÷áï, û÷áí ͳÍÏí³Í. ³Ù. ËëÏó. ï³ÃáõÕÃ:
ѳÕóݹ³Ù, ³Ùñ³Ï³½Ù. He’s a big ~ fellow hyphen [΄haifn] n ÙdzóÙ³Ý ·ÍÇÏ. ½á¹³·ÇÍ.
ܳ ѳÕóݹ³Ù Ù³ñ¹ ¿: ¹»ýÇë:
hussy [΄hΛsi] n ѳݹáõ·Ý ³ÕçÇÏ. ûè³μ³- hypnosis [hip΄nəusis] n Ý»ñ³½¹áõÙ, ÑÇåÝáë:
ñá ÏÇÝ. a brazen ~ ³Ùμ³ñï³í³Ý/ѳݹáõ·Ý hypochondria [‚haipəu΄kɒndriə] n ٻɳ-
³ÕçÇÏ: Ù³ÕÓáõÃÛáõÝ:
hustle [΄hΛsl] n ÑñÙßïáó, Çñ³ñ³ÝóáõÙ: hypocrisy [hi΄pɒkrəsi] n Ï»ÕͳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ,
hustle [΄hΛsl] v Ññ»É, μáûÉ, Ññ»Éáí ³ÝóÝ»É. Ï»ÕÍ μ³ñ»å³ßïáõÃÛáõÝ:
ßï³å»óÝ»É. The boys were ~d out of the hall hypocrite [΄hipəkrit] n Ï»Õͳíáñ, ÷³ñÇë»-
îճݻñÇÝ ¹³ÑÉÇ×Çó ¹áõñë ùß»óÇÝ. They óÇ:
~d him into a car Üñ³Ý Ù»ù»Ý³ÛÇ Ù»ç hypocritical [‚hipə΄kritikl] a Ï»Õͳíáñ,
ËóÏ»óÇÝ. ~ smn into the decision ëïÇå»É »ñ»ëå³ßï. Ï»ÕÍ μ³ñ»å³ßï³Ï³Ý:
³ñ³· áñáßáõÙ ÁݹáõÝ»É. People ~d round the hypodermic [‚haipəu΄də:mik] a »Ýóٳß-
exit ºÉùÇ Ùáï ÑñÙßïáó ¿ñ: ϳÛÇÝ. a ~ syringe »ÝóٳßϳÛÇÝ Ý»ñ³ñÏÇã
hut [hΛt] n Ëñ×ÇÃ, ïݳÏ, ÑÛáõÕ³Ï: ëñëÏÇã (ßåñÇó)£
hutch [hΛt∫] n ׳·³ñÝ»ñÇ í³Ý¹³Ï. ËëÏó hypothesis [hai΄pɒθəsis] n í³ñϳÍ, ÑÇåá-
Ëñ×ÇÃ, ÑÛáõÕ³Ï: û½:
hyacinth [΄haiəsinθ] n μëμ., ÑÝù. ѳÏÇÝÃ, hysteria [hi΄stiəriə] n ÑÇëï»ñdz:
412

I
hysterical [hi΄sterikl] a ÑÇëï»ñÇÏ: ice-yacht [΄aisjɒt] n ³é³·³ëï³ë³ÑݳÏ:
hysterics [hi΄steriks] n ÑÇëï»ñÇÏ Ýáå³: icicle [΄aisikl] n ë³éó³Éáõɳ:
icily [΄aisili] adv ë³éÝáñ»Ý, ë³éÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ:
I, i [ai] n ³Ý·É»ñ»Ý ³Ûμáõμ»ÝÇ ÇÝÝ»ñáñ¹ icing [΄aisiŋ] n ß³ù³ñ³ÑÛáõÃ. ~ sugar ß³ù³-
ï³éÁ: ñ³ÑÛáõÃÇ ß³ù³ñ:
I [ai] prn pers »ë: icon [΄aikɒn] n ëñμ³å³ïÏ»ñ, å³ïÏ»ñ.
ice [ais] n ë³éáõÛó. artificial/transparent ~ ³ñ- ÑÙÏñ·. ~ Ýß³Ý, å³ïÏ»ñ, å³ïÏ»ñ³Ýß³Ý:
Ñ»ëï³Ï³Ý/ó÷³ÝóÇÏ ë³éáõÛó. drifting ~ iconic [ai΄kɒnik] a ëñμ³å³ïÏ»ñÇ ÝÙ³Ý:
ÉáÕ³óáÕ ë³éáõÛó/ë³éó³ÏáõÛï. break the ~ icy [΄aisi] a ë³éó», ë³éó³ÛÇÝ. an ~ wind ë³é-
ë³éáõÛóÁ Ïáïñ»É. ÷Ëμ. ³é³çÇÝ ù³ÛÉÁ ³- ó³ÛÇÝ ù³ÙÇ. ~ roads ë³éó³å³ï ׳ݳ-
Ý»É. on thin ~ ÷Ëμ. ¹Åí³ñÇÝ Ï³óáõÃÛ³Ý å³ñÑÝ»ñ. ~ cold ë³ëïÇÏ/³Ñ³íáñ óáõñï.
Ù»ç. cut no ~ ËëÏó. Ýå³ï³ÏÇÝ ãѳëÝ»É. ~ ~ air ë³éÁ û¹. ~ silence ÷Ëμ. Ù»é»É³ÛÇÝ
hockey Ù³Ï³Ý³Ë³Õ ë³éóÇ íñ³. (å³Õ- ÉéáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ look ë³éÁ ѳ۳óù:
å³Õ³Ï) Let’s buy some ~ ºÏ å³Õå³Õ³Ï idea [ai΄diə] n ÙÇïù, Ùï³ÑÕ³óáõÙ. ·³Õ³-
·Ý»Ýù. (ß³ù³ñ³ÑÛáõÃÇ ß»ñï) some ~ on the ÷³ñ, Ùï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. original/brilliant/fool-
cake ß³ù³ñ³ÑÛáõÃÇ ß»ñï ÃËí³ÍùÇ íñ³: ish/sensible/basic ~ ÛáõñûñÇݳÏ/÷³ÛÉáõÝ/ ÑÇ-
ice [ais] v ( ݳ¨ ~ up/over) ë³é»óÝ»É, ë³éã»É. Ù³ñ/˻ɳóÇ/ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ÙÇïù/·³Õ³÷³ñ.
the windscreen ~d up ¹ÇÙ³å³ÏÇÝ ë³éó³- fixed ~ 먻éáõÝ ·³Õ³÷³ñ/ÙÇïù. Put ~s into
Ï³É»É ¿ñ. ~ a cake ÃËí³ÍùÁ ß³ù³ñ³- smn’s head Ù»ÏÇ ·ÉáõËÁ ·³Õ³÷³ñÝ»ñ
ÑÛáõÃáí å³ï»É: ÙïóÝ»É. the ~ of the good μ³ñáõ ·³Õ³÷³-
ice-age [΄aiseidз] n ë³éó³¹³ßï³ÛÇÝ Å³Ù³- ñÁ. (å³ïÏ»ñ³óáõÙ) have an ~ å³ïÏ»ñ³-
ݳϳßñç³Ý: óáõÙ áõݻݳÉ, å³ïÏ»ñ³óÝ»É. have no ~ áã
ice-axe [΄aisæks] n ë³éó³ùÉáõÝ·, ë³éó³- ÙÇ å³ïÏ»ñ³óáõÙ ãáõݻݳÉ. give a good/
ï³å³ñ (³ÉåÇÝÇëïÝ»ñÇ): slight ~ ɳí/ûè³ÏÇ å³ïÏ»ñ³óáõÙ ï³É.
iceberg [΄aisbə:g] n ÉáÕ³óáÕ ë³éó³É»é, It is not my ~ of friendship ºë ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ
³Ûëμ»ñ·: ³Û¹å»ë ã»Ù å³ïÏ»ñ³óÝáõÙ. He came here
ice-boat [΄aisbəut] n ³é³·³ëï³ë³ÑݳÏ: with an ~ of ܳ ³Ûëï»Õ »Ï³í …Ýå³ï³-
ice-box [΄aisbɒks] n ËëÏó. ë³éݳñ³Ý, ë³é- Ïáí. (ѳëϳóáõÃÛáõÝ, ÙÇïù) What an ~! ¸³
ó³å³Ñ³ñ³Ý: Ç°Ýã ³ÝѻûÃáõÃÛáõÝ ¿. What’s the big ~? ¾É
ice-bound [΄aisbaund] a ë³éáõÛóÝ»ñáí ϳß- DZÝã ÑÇÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ·Çï»ë. man of ~s Ñݳ-
ϳݹí³Í. ~ river ë³éó³å³ï ·»ï. an ~ ñ³·»ï/Ñݳñ³ÙÇï Ù³ñ¹:
ship ë³éáõÛóÝ»ñÇ Ù»ç ë»ÕÙí³Í ݳí: ideal [ai΄diəl] n, a ǹ»³É, ϳï³ñ»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ.
ice-breaker [΄aisbreikə] n ë³éó³Ñ³ï ǹ»³É³Ï³Ý, ϳï³ñÛ³É. »ñ¨³Ï³Û³Ï³Ý:
(ݳí): idealize [ai΄diəlaiz] v ǹ»³É³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É:
ice-cream [΄aiskri:m] n å³Õå³Õ³Ï: ideally [ai΄diəli] adv ǹ»³É³Ï³Ý. ï»ë³Ï³-
ice-drift [΄aisdrift] n ë³éáõÛóÇ ¹ñ»Ûý: Ýáñ»Ý, ëϽμáõÝùáñ»Ý. I~ we should come ear-
ice-field [΄aisfi:ld] n ë³éó³¹³ßï: lier ²í»ÉÇ ×Çßï ÏÉÇÝ»ñ, áñ Ù»Ýù ³í»ÉÇ ßáõï
iced [΄aist] a ë³é»óñ³Í. ~ water ë³éáõÛóáí ·³ÛÇÝù:
çáõñ. ~ coffee/tea ë³é»óñ³Í/ë³éÁ ëáõñ×/ idem [΄aidəm] n, adv ÝáõÛÝÁ (Ñ»ÕÇݳÏÁ,
ûÛ. an ~ cake ß³ù³ñ³ÑÛáõÃáí å³ï³Í ·ÇñùÁ), ÝáõÛÝÇ (Ñ»ÕÇݳÏÇ, ·ÇñùÇ...):
ïáñÃ: identic(al) [ai΄dentik(l)] a ÝáõÛÝ, ×Çßï ÝáõÛÝ,
ice-house [΄aishaus] n ë³éó» ïáõÝ (¿ëÏÇ- ÝáõÛݳï»ë³Ï, ÙdzÝÙ³Ý ~ twins »ÏíáñÛ³Ï-
ÙáëÝ»ñÇ): Ý»ñ:
iceman [΄aismæn] n å³Õå³Õ³Ï³í³×³é. identification [ai‚dentifi΄kei∫n] n ÝáõÛݳ-
³Ù. ë³éó³í³×³é. ËëÏó. 쨻é³ËáõÛ½: óáõÙ. ׳ݳãáõÙ, ÇÝùÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ëï³ïáõÙ
identifier 413 ikebana

~ of a disease ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ëï³ïáõÙÁ/ idler [΄aidlə] n ÍáõÛÉ/¹³ï³ñϳåáñï Ù³ñ¹:


׳ݳãáõÙÁ. ~ card ³ÝÓÁ ѳëï³ïáÕ ÷³ë- idly [΄aidli] adv ÍáõÉáñ»Ý, å³ñ³å-ë³ñ³å.
ï³ÃáõÕÃ. ~ of a plant μáõÛëÇ ï»ë³ÏÇ áñá- stand ~ ³Ýï³ñμ»ñ/³Ýϳñ»ÏÇó ÙݳÉ:
ßáõÙÁ. ~ mark ï³ñμ»ñÇã Ýß³Ý: idol [΄aidl] n Ïáõéù, å³ßï³ÙáõÝùÇ ³é³ñϳ:
identifier [ai΄dentifaiə] n ÑÙÏñ·. ÝáõÛ- idolater [ai΄dɒlətə] n Ïé³å³ßï. »ñÏñå³-
ݳóáõóÇã: ·áõ:
identify [ai΄dentifai] v ÝáõÛݳóÝ»É, ׳ݳã»É. idolatry [ai΄dɒlətri] n å³ßïáõÙ, »ñÏñå³-
ÝáõÛÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ/ÇÝùÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ѳëï³ï»É. ~ ·áõÃÛáõÝ. Ïé³å³ßïáõÃÛáõÝ:
by fingerprints Ù³ïݳѻïù»ñáí ÇÝùÝáõ- idolize [΄aidlaiz] v ³ëïí³Í³óÝ»É. Ïáõéù
ÃÛáõÝÁ ѳëï³ï»É. (׳ݳã»É, å³ñ½»É) ~ a ¹³ñÓÝ»É, áñå»ë Ïáõéù å³ßï»É:
body ¹Ç³ÏÁ ׳ݳã»É. ~ the criminal/picture idyll [΄idl] n Ñáíí»ñ·áõÃÛáõÝ, ǹÇÉdz:
ѳÝó³·áñÍÇÝ/ÝϳñÁ ׳ݳã»É. (ÝáõÛݳó- idyllic [i΄dilik] a ³Ýíñ¹áí, ˳ճÕ. ǹÇÉdz-
Ý»É) I~ yourself ²ë»ù Ó»ñ ³ÝáõÝÁ. ~ oneself ϳÝ:
with the hero of the film Çñ»Ý ýÇÉÙÇ Ñ»ñáëÇ if [if] cnj (å³ÛÙ³Ý) »Ã». ~ he is here »Ã» ݳ
Ñ»ï ÝáõÛݳóÝ»É: ³Ûëï»Õ ¿. ~ ever »Ã» »ñμ¨¿. ~ it hadn’t been
identity [ai΄dentəti] n ÝáõÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ÇÝùÝáõ- for him »Ã» ݳ ãÉÇÝ»ñ. ~ I were you »Ã» »ë
ÃÛáõÝ, ÇëÏáõÃÛáõÝ. prove smb’s ~ ³ÝÓÁ/ ùá ï»ÕÁ ÉÇÝ»Ç. (ó³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ÇÕÓ) ~ only I
ÇÝùÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ѳëï³ï»É. mistaken ~ ÇÝù-
knew »Ã» ÙdzÛÝ ÇٳݳÛÇ. as ~ ϳñÍ»ë,
ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ëË³É Ñ³ëï³ïáõÙ, ëË³É ÝáõÛݳ-
Çμñ û. even ~ »Ã» ÝáõÛÝÇëÏ ~ any »Ã» ³Û¹-
óáõÙ. ~ card ³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý íϳ۳ϳÝ. ~ check
åÇëÇÝ»ñÁ ϳÝ. ~ not »Ã» áã. (³ñ¹Ûáù). ~ he
ÇÝùÝáõÃÛ³Ý ëïáõ·áõÙ:
is there ³ñ¹Ûáù/»Ã» ݳ ³ÛÝï»Õ ¿:
ideological [‚aidiə΄lɒdзikl] a ·³Õ³÷³ñ³- iffy [΄ifi] a ³Ù. ³Ýáñáß, ϳëϳͻÉÇ, û³-
Ëáë³Ï³Ý:
ϳÝ:
ideology [‚aidi΄ɒlədзi] n ·³Õ³÷³ñ³Ëáëáõ- igneous [΄igniəs] a Ïñ³ÏÇ, Ññ», Ññ³μ˳ÛÇÝ:
ÃÛáõÝ:
idiom [΄idiəm] n É»½áõ, μ³ñμ³é. É»½í. ¹³ñÓ- ignite [ig΄nait] v í³é(í)»É, μéÝÏ/í) ¿É. ÷Ëμ.
˳ݹ³í³éí»É, μáñμáù»É:
í³Í, ¹³ñÓí³Í³ÛÇÝ Ùdzíáñ, ǹÇáÙ. local ~
ï»Õ³Ï³Ý μ³ñμ³é:
ignition [ig΄ni∫n] n í³éáõÙ, μáó³í³éáõÙ
(³íïáÙ»ù»Ý³). ~ key/switch ϳÛÍÇ μ³-
idiosyncrasy [‚idiəu΄siŋkrəsi] n ï³ñûñÇ-
ݳÉÇ/ÙdzóáõóÇã£
ݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ùٳѳ×áõÃÛáõÝ. ËëÏó. 먻-
éáõÝ ÙÇïù: ignoble [ig΄nəubl] a ³Ý³½ÝÇí, ³Ý³ñ·.
idiot [΄idiət] n ³åáõß, ÑÇÙ³ñ: ³ÙáóÉÇ, ˳Ûï³é³Ï. ~ motives ³Ý³½ÝÇí
idiotic [‚idi΄ɒtik] a ³åáõß³ÛÇÝ, ³åáõßÇ. ~ ÙÕáõÙÝ»ñ:
behaviour ÑÇÙ³ñ í³ñù³·ÇÍ. How ~! ƯÝã ignominious [‚ignə΄miniəs] a ˳Ûï³é³Ï,
³åáõßáõÃÛáõÝ/ÑÇÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ: ³Ùáóμ»ñ. an ~ defeat ˳Ûï³é³Ï å³ñ-
idle [΄aidl] a ¹³ï³ñÏ, ³ÝÑÇÙÝ. ~ talk/gossip ïáõÃÛáõÝ:
¹³ï³ñÏ μ³Ùμ³ë³Ýù. ³ÝÑÇÙÝ Ëáë³Ïóáõ- ignominy [΄ignəmini] n ˳Ûï³é³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ,
ÃÛáõÝ (³Ýû·áõï, ³å³ñ¹ÛáõÝ) ~ speculation ³Ý³ñ·³Ýù, ³Ý³½ÝíáõÃÛáõÝ:
³Ýû·áõï ¹³ïáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. an ~ fellow ignoramus [‚ignə΄reiməs] n ï·»ï:
ÍáõÛÉ/³Ýμ³Ý Ù³ñ¹. ~ time å³ñ³åáõñ¹. ~ ignorance [΄ignərəns] n ï·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ÝÇ-
position 㻽áù ¹Çñù. be ~ ³Ý·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ ñ³½»ÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ýï»ÕÛ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. reveal
³Ý»É. have no ~ moment áã ÙÇ ³½³ï ñáå» one’s ~ ï·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ç óáõÛó ¹Ý»É. act in ~
ãáõݻݳÉ. stand ~ ï»Ë. ϳݷ ³éÝ»É, ã³ß- ·áñÍ»É ³Ýï»ÕÛ³Ï ÉÇÝ»Éáí. keep smn in ~
˳ï»É. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ character å³ñ³å ëÇÙíáÉ: Ù»ÏÇÝ Çñ³½»Ï ã¹³ñÓÝ»É. ³Ýï»ÕÛ³Ï å³-
idle [΄aidl] v ÍáõÉáõÃÛáõÝ/¹³ï³ñϳåáñïáõ- Ñ»É:
ÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É. ~ away one’s time ųٳݳÏÁ ignorant [΄ignərənt] a ï·»ï, ³Ýï»ÕÛ³Ï,
å³ñ³å-ë³ñ³å ³ÝóϳóÝ»É: ³ÝÇñ³½»Ï:
idleness [΄aidlnəs] n å³ñ³åáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ý·áñ- ignore [ig΄nɔ:] v ³Ýï»ë»É, ѳßíÇ ã³éÝ»É.
ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, ÍáõÉáõÃÛáõÝ. ³ÝÑÇÙÝáõÃÛáõÝ. live in ³ñѳٳñÑ»É. He ~d me/the invitation ܳ
~ å³ñ³å/³Ý·áñÍ ÏÛ³Ýù í³ñ»É: ѳßíÇ ã³é³í/³Ýï»ë»ó ÇÝÓ, ³ñѳٳñÑ»ó
ill 414 illusion

Ññ³í»ñÁ: lies ÃßݳٳÝù »ñÏáõ ÁÝï³ÝÇùÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨:


ikebana [‚i:kei΄ba:nə] n ÇÏ»μ³Ý³ (ͳÕÏ»- ill founded [‚il΄faundid] a ³ÝÑÇÙÝ, ãÑÇÙݳ-
÷Ýç»ñ ϳ½Ù»Éáõ ³ñí»ëï): íáñí³Í. ~` application ³ÝÑÇÙÝ ¹ÇÙáõÙ:
ill [il] a ÑÇí³Ý¹, ïϳñ. íݳë³Ï³ñ. be/feel ~ ill-humoured [‚il΄hju:məd] a í³ï ïñ³Ù³-
ÑÇí³Ý¹ ÉÇÝ»É, í³ï ½·³É. look ~ ÑÇí³Ý¹ ¹ñí³Í. í³ï μݳíáñáõÃÛ³Ý ï»ñ, ã³ñ:
ï»ëù áõݻݳÉ. fall/be taken ~ ÑÇí³Ý¹³Ý³É. illicit [i΄lisit] a Çñ³í. ³åûñÇÝÇ, ѳϳûñÇ-
feel ~ at ease ³ÝѳñÙ³ñ ½·³É. (í³ï, ã³ñ) ݳϳÝ. ~ trade ³ÝûñÇÝ³Ï³Ý ³é¨ïáõñ:
~ health í³ï ³éáÕçáõÃÛáõÝ ~ feeling ³Ý- illimitable [i΄limitəbl] a ³Ýë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï,
μ³ñÛ³ó³Ï³ÙáõÃÛáõÝ, ÃßݳٳÝù. ~ repute ³Ýë³ÑÙ³Ý:
í³ï/ã³ñ ѳÙμ³í: as if ~ luck would have it illiteracy [i΄litərəsi] n ³Ý·ñ³·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ:
ϳñÍ»ë ¹ÇïÙ³Ùμ: illiterate [i΄litərət] n ³Ý·ñ³·»ï
ill [il] adv í³ï, ³Ýμ³ñ»Ýå³ëï speak/think ~ ill-judged [‚il΄dзΛdзd] a ³ÝËáÑ»Ù, áã Ë»-
of smb Ù»ÏÇ Ù³ëÇÝ í³ï Ëáë»É/Ùï³Í»É. I ɳóÇ:
can ~ afford г½Çí û ϳñáճݳÙ. We can ill mannered [‚il΄mænəd] a ³Ý¹³ë-
~ afford to lose him Ø»Ýù ã»Ýù ϳñáÕ Ù»½ ïdzñ³Ï, ³Ýï³ß:
ÃáõÛÉ ï³É Ýñ³Ý ÏáñóÝ»É. ~ provided í³ï ill-natured [‚il΄neit∫əd] a ã³ñ, ã³ñ³ÙÇï:
³å³Ñáíí³Í, ³Ý³å³Ñáí. take a thing ~ illness [΄ilnəs] n ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝ: severe/infec-
ɳí ãÁݹáõÝ»É, áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇó ݻճݳÉ: tious/dangerous/long, prolonged/fatal ~ áõÅ»Õ/
ill-advised [‚iləd΄vaizd] a ³ÝËáÑ»Ù, áã í³ñ³ÏÇã/íï³Ý·³íáñ/»ñϳñ³ï¨/׳ϳ-
˻ɳÙÇï. You’d be ~ Ò»ñ ÏáÕÙÇó ³ÝËáѻ٠ﳷñ³Ï³Ý ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝ. be seized with
ÏÉÇÝÇ: ~ ѳÝϳñͳÏÇ ÑÇí³Ý¹³Ý³É:
ill-affected [‚ilə΄fektid] a ³Ýμ³ñÛ³ó³Ï³Ù, illogical [i΄lɒdзikəl] a ³Ýïñ³Ù³μ³Ý, ³Ý-
³Ýμ³ñ»Ñ³×: ïñ³Ù³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý:
ill-bred [‚il΄bred] a í³ï ¹³ëïdzñ³Ïí³Í, ill-omened [‚il΄əumend] a ã³ñ³·áõß³Ï:
³ÝÏÇñÃ, ³Ý¹³ëïdzñ³Ï: ill-spoken [‚il΄spəukn] a í³ï ѳÙμ³í áõÝ»-
ill-conditioned [‚ilkən΄di∫nd] a ã³ñ, Ïéí³- óáÕ:
ñ³ñ: ill-starred [‚il΄sta:d] a ã³ñ³μ³Ëï, ã³ñ
ill-considered [‚ilkən΄sidəd] a ãÙï³Íí³Í. ³ëïÕÇ ï³Ï ÍÝí³Í:
ѳå×»å: ill-success [‚il΄səkses] n ³ÝѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ,
ill-disposed [‚ildi΄spəuzd] a ³Ýμ³ñÛ³ó³- Ó³ËáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, Ó³Ëáñ¹áõÃÛáõÝ:
ϳÙ, ã³ñ³ÙÇï: ill-tempered [‚il΄tempəd] a ¹Ûáõñ³·ñ·Çé,
illegal [i΄li:gl] a ³ÝûñÇݳϳÝ. ³åûñÇÝÇ. Ïéí³ñ³ñ, ½³Ûñ³óÏáï:
³ñ·»Éí³Í. declare ~ ³ÝûñÇÝ³Ï³Ý ×³Ý³- ill-timed [‚il΄taimd] a ³ÝųٳݳÏ, ï³ñ³-
ã»É/ѳÛï³ñ³ñ»É ÑÙÏñ·. ~ character/instruc- ųÙ. áã ųٳݳÏÇÝ:
tion ³ñ·»Éí³Í ëÇÙíáÉ/Ññ³Ñ³Ý·: ill-treat [‚il΄tri:t] v í³ï/ÏáåÇï í³ñí»É:
illegibility [i‚ledзə΄biləti] n ³Ý¹ÛáõñÁÝûé- illuminate [i΄lu:mineit] v Éáõë³íáñ»É. Ññ³-
Ý»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ýå³ñ½áõÃÛáõÝ: í³é»É. ÷Ëμ. Éáõë³μ³Ý»É, å³ñ½³μ³Ý»É.
illegible [i΄ledзəbl] a ³ÝÁÝûéÝ»ÉÇ (Ó»é³- ͳÕÏ»É, Ýϳñ³½³ñ¹»É. an ~d manuscript
·Çñ): Ýϳñ³½³ñ¹ ӻ鳷Çñ:
illegitimacy [‚ilə΄dзitəməsi] n ³åûñÇÝáõ- illumination [i‚lu:mi΄nei∫n] n Éáõë³íáñáõ-
ÃÛáõÝ, ³ÝûñÇݳϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ: ÃÛáõÝ, Éáõë³íáñáõÙ. Ññ³í³éáõÃÛáõÝ. ·áõ-
illegitimate [‚ilə΄dзitəmət] a ³åûñÇÝÇ, ݳíáñ Ýϳñ³½³ñ¹. Ù³Ýñ³Ýϳñ:
³ÝûñÇݳϳÝ, ѳϳûñÇݳϳÝ. ~ grounds illuminator [i΄lu:mineitə] n Éáõë³ÝóáõÛó,
³ÝûñÇÝ³Ï³Ý ÑÇÙù»ñ. ~ child ³åûñÇÝÇ Éáõë³íáñáÕ, Éáõë³ñÓ³Ï. Éáõë³íáñÇã. Gri-
»ñ»Ë³: gor the Illuminator ¶ñÇ·áñ Èáõë³íáñÇã:
ill-fated [‚il΄feitid] a ã³ñ³μ³ëïÇÏ, illumine [i΄lu:min] v Éáõë³íáñ»É. ÉáõÛë
¹Åμ³Ëï, ï³ñ³μ³Ëï: ë÷é»É. ͳÕÏ»É, Ù³Ýñ³ÝϳñÝ»ñáí ½³ñ¹³-
ill-feeling [‚il΄fi:liŋ] ³Ýμ³ñÛ³ó³Ï³Ùáõ- ñ»É:
ÃÛáõÝ, ÃßݳٳÝù. ~ between the two fami- illusion [i΄lu:зn] n å³ïñ³Ýù. have/have no
illusionist 415 immaculately

~s å³ïñ³ÝùÝ»ñ áõݻݳÉ/ãáõݻݳÉ. an op- ÉÇ ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ:


tical ~ ûåïÇÏ³Ï³Ý å³ïñ³Ýù, ï»ë³Ë³- imaginary [i΄mædзinri] a »ñ¨³Ï³Û³Ï³Ý,
μáõÃÛáõÝ: ϳñÍ»óÛ³É, Ùï³ó³ÍÇÝ. ~ illness »ñ¨³Ï³-
illusionist [i΄lu:зənist] n »ñ³½áÕ/³ÝñçáÕ Û³Ï³Ý ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝ. live in an ~ world
Ù³ñ¹. ³×å³ñ³ñ, ÇÉÛáõ½ÇáÝÇëï: Ùï³ó³ÍÇÝ ³ß˳ñÑáõÙ ³åñ»É:
illusive [i΄lu:siv] a å³ïñ³Ýù³ÛÇÝ, ˳μáõ- imagination [i‚mædзi΄nei∫n] n »ñ¨³Ï³Ûáõ-
ëÇÏ, ³ÝÇñ³Ï³Ý: ÃÛáõÝ, Ùï³íáñ å³ïÏ»ñ³óáõÙ, ý³Ýï³-
illustrate [΄iləstreit] v Éáõë³μ³Ý»É (ûñÇݳÏ- ½Ç³. rich/vivid, lively/poor ~ ѳñáõëï/í³é/
Ý»ñáí). ~ the lecture by examples/diagrams an ϻݹ³ÝÇ/³Õù³ï »ñ¨³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ. It’s all ~
~d book/talk å³ïÏ»ñ³½³ñ¹ ·Çñù, ÝϳñÝ»- ¸³ ÉáÏ »ñ¨³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ ¿:
ñáí áõÕ»ÏóíáÕ ¹³ë³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝ: imaginative [i΄mædзinətiv] a »ñ¨³Ï³Û³-
illustration [‚iləs΄trei∫n] n Ýϳñ³½³ñ¹áõÙ. ϳÝ, å³ïÏ»ñ³íáñ an ~ person ѳñáõëï
Ýϳñ, å³ïÏ»ñ. Éáõë³μ³ÝáõÙ by way of ~ »ñ¨³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»óáÕ ³ÝÓ:
ûñÇݳÏÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. in ~ of his point Çñ ï»ë³- imagine [i΄mædзin] v »ñ¨³Ï³Û»É, å³ïÏ»-
Ï»ïÁ ÑÇÙݳíáñ»Éáõ/Éáõë³μ³Ý»Éáõ ѳٳñ: ñ³óÝ»É. just ~ ËëÏó. ÙdzÛÝ å³ïÏ»ñ³ó-
illustrative [΄iləstreitiv] a μ³ó³ïñ³Ï³Ý, ñ»ù. I can’t ~ â»Ù ϳñáÕ å³ïÏ»ñ³óÝ»É. I ~
å³ñ½³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý, Éáõë³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý, óáõ- we’re expected ºÝó¹ñáõÙ »Ù, áñ Ù»½ ëå³-
ó³¹ñ³Ï³Ý. ~ material óáõó³¹ñ³Ï³Ý ÝÛáõ- ëáõÙ »Ý. Let’s ~ that... ºÝó¹ñ»Ýù, áñ..:
ûñ. The article is ~ of his views Ðá¹í³ÍÁ imbalance [im΄bæləns] n ³ÝϳÛáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ,
³ñï³óáÉáõÙ ¿ Ýñ³ ѳ۳óùÝ»ñÁ: ³Ýѳí³ë³ñ³ÏßéáõÃÛáõÝ. external ~ ³ñ-
illustrious [i΄lΛstriəs] a Ñéã³Ï³íáñ, ³Ï³- ï³ùÇÝ ³Ýѳí³ë³ñ³ÏßéáõÃÛáõÝ. racial ~
ݳíáñ: é³ë³Û³Ï³Ý/ó»Õ³ÛÇÝ ³Ýѳí³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
ill-will [‚il΄wil] n ã³ñ³Ï³ÙáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ýμ³ñ- imbecile [΄imbəsi:l] n ïϳñ³ÙÇï, Ãáõɳ-
Û³ó³Ï³ÙáõÃÛáõÝ. bear smb no ~ ã³ñÇù ãϳ- ÙÇï. ËëÏó. ³åáõß, ïËÙ³ñ:
ٻݳÉ: imbecility [‚imbə΄siləti] n ïϳñ³Ùïáõ-
image [΄imidз] n å³ïÏ»ñ, Ýϳñ. ³ñí., ÃÛáõÝ, ÃáõɳÙïáõÃÛáõÝ. ÑÇÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ý-
·ñ³Ï. å³ïÏ»ñáõÙ, ³ñï³óáÉáõÙ. Ï»ñå³ñ. ÙïáõÃÛáõÝ. ³ÝËáѻ٠ù³ÛÉ:
ù³Ý¹³Ï. vague/clear/mental ~³Õáï/å³ñ½/ imbibe [im΄baib] v Ý»ñÍÍ»É, ËÙ»É, ÏɳݻÉ.
Ùï³íáñ å³ïÏ»ñ. think in ~s å³ïÏ»ñÝ»- ÷Ëμ. ÁÝϳɻÉ, Ûáõñ³óÝ»É:
ñáí/å³ïÏ»ñ³íáñ Ùï³Í»É. speak in ~s imitate [΄imiteit] v ÁݹûñÇݳϻÉ, ÝÙ³Ýí»É,
å³ïÏ»ñ³íáñ Ëáë»É. enlarged/real/faulty Ù»- ÝٳݳϻÉ. ~ the voice/gestures ÁݹûñÇݳϻÉ
ͳóñ³Í, ã³÷³½³Ýóñ³Í/Çñ³Ï³Ý/³Õ³- Ù»ÏÇ Ó³ÛÝÁ/ß³ñÅáõÙÝ»ñÁ. ~ one’s friend/pro-
í³Õí³Í å³ïÏ»ñáõÙ. be the ~ of ß³ï ÝÙ³Ý fessor ÁÝÏ»ñáçÁ/¹³ë³ËáëÇÝ ÝٳݳϻÉ/
ÉÇÝ»É, å³ï×»ÝÁ ÉÇÝ»É. ~ maker Ï»ñå³ñ ÁݹûñÇݳϻÉ. The painting ~s marble ÜϳñÁ
ëï»ÕÍáÕ. ~ building Ï»ñå³ñÇ/Ñ»ÕÇݳÏáõ- ÁݹûñÇݳÏáõÙ ¿ Ù³ñÙ³ñÁ:
ÃÛ³Ý ëï»ÕÍáõÙ. (ÝÙ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ) the very/liv- imitation [‚imi΄tei∫n] n ÝÙ³ÝáõÙ, ÁݹûñÇݳ-
ing ~ of his father ÇëÏÁ ѳÛñÁ, çñÇ »ñÏáõ ÏáõÙ. ÝٳݳÏ, ÝٳݳÏáõÙ, ÇÙÇï³ódz. a
ϳÃÇÉÇ ÝÙ³Ý. think too much of his ~ ã³÷Çó good ~ of ɳí ÁݹûñÇݳÏáõÙ. (³ñÑ»ëï³-
³í»ÉÇ Ùï³Í»É Çñ Ï»ñå³ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ. an ~ of ϳÝ) ~ pearls/fur ³ñÑ»ëï³Ï³Ý Ù³ñ·³-
kindness/devotion μ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý/ÝíÇñí³Íáõ- ñÇï/ÙáñÃÇ:
ÃÛ³Ý ËáñÑñ¹³ÝÇß/Ù³ñÙݳóáõÙ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ imitative [΄imitətiv] a ÝÙ³ÝáճϳÝ. ³ñ-
file ËݹñÇ Ï»ñå³ñÇ ý³ÛÉ. ~ generation/mem- ï³Ñ³Ûïã³Ï³Ý, å³ïÏ»ñ³íáñÙ³Ý. ~ arts
ory/ processing å³ïÏ»ñÇ Ó¨³íáñáõÙ/ÑÇßá- Ï»ñå³ñí»ëï:
ÕáõÃÛáõÝ/Ùß³ÏáõÙ. inline ~ ·Í³ÛÇÝ å³ïÏ»ñ: imitator [΄imiteitə] n ÁݹûñÇݳÏáÕ, ÝÙ³-
imagery [΄imidзəri] n Ùï³å³ïÏ»ñ, å³ï- ݳÏáÕ:
Ï»ñ³óáõÙ. ·ñÏ. É»½íÇ å³ïÏ»ñ³íáñáõ- immaculacy [i΄mækjuləsi] n Ù³ùñáõÃÛáõÝ,
ÃÛáõÝ. ³Ýμ³ëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ:
imaginable [i΄mædзinəbl] a »ñ¨³Ï³Û»ÉÇ. immaculate [i΄mækjulət] a Ù³ùáõñ, ³ÝμÇÍ,
the greatest ~ difficulty ³Ù»Ý³Ù»Í »ñ¨³Ï³Û»- ã³ñ³ï³íáñí³Í:
immanence, immanency 416 immorality

immaculately [i΄mækjulətli] adv ³Ýμ³ëÇñ ë³ÑÙ³Ý. ~ rich ËëÏó. ã³÷³½³Ýó ѳ-


Ï»ñåáí. ³ÝûñÇ. ~ dressed ³ÝûñÇ Ñ³·ÝÁ- ñáõëï£
í³Í: immensity [i΄mensəti] n íÇÃ˳ñÇáõÃÛáõÝ,
immanence, immanency [΄imənəns, ³Ýë³ÑÙ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ of the problem åñáμ-
΄imənənsi] n Ý»ñѳïÏáõÃÛáõÝ, Ý»ñѳïáõÏ É»ÙÇ ³Ýë³ÑÙ³Ý/³ÝÁݹ·ñÏ»ÉÇ ÉÇÝ»ÉÁ. ~` of
ѳïϳÝÇß. ÷ÇÉ. ÇٳݻÝïáõÃÛáõÝ: the disaster ³Õ»ïÇ íÇÃ˳ñÇ ã³÷»ñÁ:
immanent [΄imənənt] a Ý»ñѳïáõÏ, Ùßï³- immerse [i΄mə:s] v ëáõ½»É, ÁÝÏÕÙ»É. ~ smth
ϳÝ. ÷ÇÉ. ÇٳݻÝï, Ý»ñáõݳÏ: in water çñÇ Ù»ç ÁÝÏÕÙ»É. ~d in one’s work
immaterial [‚imə΄tiəriəl] a áã Çñ»Õ»Ý/ÝÛáõ- ÷Ëμ. ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ Ù»ç Ëáñ³ëáõ½í³Í.
óϳÝ. ³Ýϳñ¨áñ, áã ¿³Ï³Ý. ~ issue (Ý»ñù³ß»É, Ë××»É) be ~d in debt å³ñïùÇ
³Ý¿³Ï³Ý ³é³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ/ѳñó. It’s ~ to me Ù»ç Ëñí³Í ÉÇÝ»É:
¸³ ¿³Ï³Ý ã¿ ÇÝÓ Ñ³Ù³ñ: immersion [i΄mə:∫n] n ëáõ½áõÙ, ÁÝÏÕÙí»ÉÁ.
immature [‚imə΄tjuə] a ãѳë³Í, ˳Ï. ãѳ- ~ heater çñ³ï³ù³óáõóÇã:
ëáõݳó³Í, ¹»é³Ñ³ë. ïѳë. an ~ boy ÷Ëμ. immigrant [΄imigrənt] n, a Ý»ñ·³ÕóÍ, í»-
¹»é³Ñ³ë ïÕ³: ñ³μݳÏÇã. Ý»ñ·³ÕÃáÕ. Ý»ñ·³ÕÃÛ³É. ~ in-
immaturity [‚imə΄tjuərəti] n ³ÝѳëáõÃÛáõÝ£ spector Ý»ñ·³ÕÃÇ/Ý»ñ·³ÕóÛÇÝ Í³é³Ûáõ-
immeasurable [i΄meзərəbl] a ³Ýã³÷»ÉÇ, ÃÛ³Ý ï»ëáõã:
³ÝѳßÇí. ³Ýë³ÑÙ³Ý, ³ÝÁݹ·ñÏ»ÉÇ: immigrate [΄imigreit] v Ý»ñ·³ÕÃ»É í»ñ³-
immediate [i΄mi:diət] a ³Ýѳå³Õ, ßï³å, μݳÏí»É:
³ÝÑ»ï³Ó·»ÉÇ. ~ answer/result/action ³Ýѳ- immigration [‚imi΄grei∫n] n Ý»ñ·³ÕÃ:
å³Õ/³ÝÙÇç³Ï³Ý å³ï³ë˳Ý/³ñ¹ÛáõÝù/ imminence [΄iminəns] n ëå³éݳÉÇù, Ùá-
黳Ïódz. (³ÝÙÇç³Ï³Ý, áõÕÇÕ) ~ heir ³Ý- ï³Éáõï ÉÇÝ»ÉÁ:
ÙÇç³Ï³Ý ųé³Ý·. ~ contact ³ÝÙÇç³Ï³Ý imminent [΄iminənt] a Ùáï³Éáõï, í»ñ³-
ϳå. ~ aim Ùáï³Ï³/³ÝÙÇç³Ï³Ý Ýå³ï³- ѳë, ëå³éݳóáÕ. A storm is ~ ²Ùåñáå ¿
ÏÁ. take ~ action ³ÝÙÇç³å»ë ·áñÍ»É. my ~ ëå³éÝáõÙ. the ~ elections Ùáï³Éáõï ÁÝï-
superior ÇÙ ³ÝÙÇç³Ï³Ý å»ïÁ. (³Ù»Ý³- ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ. ~ danger í»ñ³Ñ³ë íï³Ý·. ~
Ùáï, ³Ù»Ý³Ù»ñÓ³íáñ) ~ neighbours ³Ù»- threat of war å³ï»ñ³½ÙÇ ³ÝÙÇç³Ï³Ý
ݳÙáï ѳñ¨³ÝÝ»ñÁ, his ~ family ³Ù»Ý³- íï³Ý·/ëå³éݳÉÇù:
Ù»ñÓ³íáñ μ³ñ»Ï³ÙÝ»ñÁ, in the ~ future immobile [i΄məubail] a ³Ýß³ñÅ:
Ùáï³Ï³ ³å³·³ÛáõÙ. ~ threat áõÕÕ³ÏÇ immobility [‚iməu΄biləti] n ³Ýß³ñÅáõÃÛáõÝ:
ëå³éݳÉÇù. ÑÙÏñ·. access memory ³ñ³- immobilize [i΄məubəlaiz] v ³Ýß³ñÅ ¹³ñÓ-
·³·áñÍ ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝ: Ý»É. ϳßϳݹ»É. My broken leg has ~d me
immediately [i΄mi:diətli]1. adv ³Ýѳå³Õ, Îáïñí³Í áïùÇ å³ï׳éáí »ë ³Ýß³ñÅ »Ù
³ÝÙÇçå»ë. ³ÝÙÇç³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý, áõÕÕ³ÏÇ. al- ¹³ñÓ»É. lack of petrol ~d the car ´»Ý½ÇÝ
most ~ ѳٳñÛ³ ³ÝÙÇç³å»ë. begin/come ~ ãÉÇÝ»Éáõ å³ï׳éáí Ù»ù»Ý³Ý ã¿ñ ß³ñÅ-
³ÝÙÇç³å»ë ëÏë»É/·³É ~ responsible to íáõÙ:
³ÝÙÇç³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý å³ï³ë˳ݳïáõ. ~ be- immoderate [i΄mɒdərət] a ã³÷Çó ³í»ÉÇ
fore the exams ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó ³ÝÙÇç³å»ë ß³ï, ã³÷Ý ³ÝóÝáÕ. ~ ambition/demand/char-
³é³ç. 2. cnj ~ he appears Ñ»Ýó áñ ݳ ·³: ges/drinking ã³÷Çó ³í»ÉÇ å³ïí³ÙáÉáõ-
immemorial [‚imə΄mɔ:riəl] a ³ÝÑÇß»ÉÇ, ÃÛáõÝ. ã³÷Ý ³ÝóÝáÕ å³Ñ³ÝçÝ»ñ. ã³÷Çó
í³Õ»ÙÇ. from time ~ ³ÝÑÇß»ÉÇ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï- ³í»ÉÇ Ã³ÝÏ ·Ý»ñ. ËÙÇãùÝ»ñÇ ³Ýë³ÑÙ³Ý
Ý»ñÇó: û·ï³·áñÍáõÙ:
immense [i΄mens] a íÇÃ˳ñÇ, Ñëϳ۳ϳÝ, immodest [i΄mɒdist] a ³Ýѳٻëï, ³Ýå³ñ-
³Ýë³ÑÙ³Ý. ËëÏó ÑdzݳÉÇ, Ñá۳ϳå. ~ Ï»ßï:
buildings/difficulties íÇÃ˳ñÇ ßÇÝáõÃÛáõÝ- immodesty [i΄mɒdəsti] n ³Ýѳٻëïáõ-
Ý»ñ. ÑëÏ³Û³Ï³Ý ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. ~ pleas- ÃÛáõÝ, ³Ýå³ñÏ»ßïáõÃÛáõÝ. ³Ý³ÙáÃáõ-
ure ³Ýë³ÑÙ³Ý Ñ³×áõÛù. ~ space ³ÝͳÛñ³- ÃÛáõÝ:
ÍÇñ ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ: immoral [i΄mɒrəl] a ³Ýμ³ñá۳ϳÝ, μ³ñá-
immensely [i΄mensli] adv ã³÷³½³Ýó, ³Ý- Û³½áõñÏ, ³Ý³é³Ï:
immortal 417 impend

immorality [‚imə΄ræləti] n ³Ýμ³ñá۳ϳ- μ»éÝí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ íݳë»É ¿ Ýñ³ ³éáÕçáõ-


ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ý³é³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. incitement to ~ ÃÛ³ÝÁ. be ~ed by ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ïí»É:
³Ýμ³ñáÛ³Ï³Ý ³ñ³ñùÝ»ñÇ ÙÕ»ÉÁ: impalpable [im΄pælpəbl] a ³Ýßáß³÷»ÉÇ,
immortal [i΄mɔ:tl] a ³ÝÙ³Ñ, ³ÝٳѳϳÝ. ³ÝÝßÙ³ñ»ÉÇ. ³ÝÝϳï»ÉÇ:
ѳí»ñÅ. ³Ýóé³Ù. ~ Gods ³ÝÙ³Ñ ³ëï- impart [im΄pa:t] v ï³É, μ³ÅÇÝ Ñ³Ý»É. ѳ-
í³ÍÝ»ñ. Bach’s music is ~ ´³ËÇ »ñ³Åßïáõ- Õáñ¹»É. ~ news/secret ÝáñáõÃÛáõÝ/·³ÕïÝÇù
ÃÛáõÝÁ ѳí»ñÅ³Ï³Ý ¿/³ÝÙ³Ñ ¿: ѳÕáñ¹»É:
immortality [‚imɔ:΄tæləti] n ³ÝÙ³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ, impartial [im΄pa:∫l] a ³Ý³ã³é, ³ÝÏáÕÙݳ-
ѳí»ñųϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ: ϳÉ. ~ judgment ³Ý³ã³é ¹³ï³í×Çé:
immortalize [i΄mɔ:tlaiz] v ѳí»ñųóÝ»É. impartiality [‚impa:∫i΄æləti] n ³Ý³ã³éáõ-
³ÝٳѳóÝ»É: ÃÛáõÝ, ³ÝÏáÕÙݳϳÉáõÃÛáõÝ:
immortelle [‚imɔ:΄tel] n μëμ. ³ÝÙ»éáõÏ, impassable [im΄pa:səbl] a ³Ý³Ýó³Ý»ÉÇ.
³Ýóé³Ù: The roads are ~ in spring ¶³ñݳÝÁ ׳ݳ-
immovable [i΄mu:vəbl] a ³Ýß³ñÅ, ãß³ñÅ- å³ñÑÝ»ñÁ ³Ý³Ýó³Ý»ÉÇ »Ý:
íáÕ. ³Ýë³ë³Ý, ϳÛáõÝ: impasse [æm΄pa:s] n ÷³ÏáõÕÇ. ÷Ëμ. ³Ý»-
immovables [i΄mu:vəblz] n pl ³Ýß³ñŠɳݻÉÇ Ï³óáõÃÛáõÝ. Talks have reached an ~
·áõÛù: ´³Ý³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ÷³ÏáõÕáõ Ù»ç »Ý:
immune [i΄mju:n] a ³ÝËáó»ÉÇ. μÅßÏ. ³ÝÁÝ- impassive [im΄pæsiv] a ѳݹ³ñï. ³ÝÏÇñù,
ϳÉáõÏ, ÇÙáõÝÇï»ï áõÝ»óáÕ. ~ from small- ³Ýíñ¹áí. ³Ý½·³, ³Ý½·³ÛáõÝ:
pox ͳÕÇÏ ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛ³Ý ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ impassible [im΄pæsibl] a ³Ý½·³, ³Ýï³ñ-
³ÝÁÝϳÉáõݳÏ. ~ against attack ÷Ëμ. μ»ñ, ³Ýϳñ»ÏÇó. ³ÝËéáí, ë³éݳëÇñï:
ѳñÓ³ÏáõÙÇó å³ßïå³Ýí³Í. ~ from taxa- impassioned [im΄pæ∫nd] a Ïñùáï, Ïñ³-
tion ѳñÏ»ñÇó ³½³ïí³Í: Ïáï:
immunity [i΄mju:nəti] n ³Ýí³ñ³Ï»ÉÇáõ- impatience [im΄pei∫ns] n ³ÝѳÙμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÃÛáõÝ, ÇÙáõÝÇï»ï. Çñ³í. ³ÝÓ»éÝÙË»ÉÇáõ- impatient [im΄pei∫nt] a ³ÝѳÙμ»ñ. grow/get
ÃÛáõÝ. diplomatic ~ ¹Çí³Ý³·Çï³Ï³Ý ³Ý- ~ ³ÝѳÙμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ óáõó³μ»ñ»É. be ~ with
Ó»éÝÙË»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ. state ~ å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ³Ý- old people ³ÝѳݹáõñÅáÕ ÉÇÝ»É Ñ³ë³Ï³-
Ó»éÝÙË»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ£ íáñÝ»ñÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ. be ~ of interruption
immunization [i‚mjunai΄zei∫n] n ëñëÏáõÙ. ï³Ý»É ãϳñáÕ³Ý³É ÙÇç³ÙïáõÃÛáõÝÁ:
~ against smallpox ëñëÏáõÙÝ»ñ ͳÕÇÏÇ ¹»Ù: impeach [im΄pi:t∫] v ³Ýíëï³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ
immunize [΄imjunaiz] v ëñëÏ»É. ~ against ѳÛïÝ»É. ϳëϳÍÇ »ÝóñÏ»É, Ù»Õ³¹ñ»É.
cholera ËáÉ»ñ³ÛÇ ¹»Ù ëñëÏ»É: ~ for taking bribes ϳ߳éù í»ñóÝ»Éáõ Ù»ç
immutable [i΄mju:təbl] a ³Ý÷á÷áË, ³Ý- Ù»Õ³¹ñ»É. ~ smn’s honesty ϳëϳÍÇ ï³Ï
÷á÷áË»ÉÇ. ³Ý˳Ëï. ~ law ³Ý˳Ëï ³éÝ»É Ù»ÏÇ ³½ÝíáõÃÛáõÝÁ. å»ï³Ï³Ý
ûñ»Ýù: ѳÝó³ÝùÇ Ù»Õ³¹ñ³Ýù Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É:
imp [imp] n ë³ï³ÝÇ ×áõï. a little ~ ËëÏó. impeachment [im΄pi:t∫mənt] n ϳëϳÍ,
ã³ñ³××Ç »ñ»Ë³: ³Ýíëï³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ. å»ï³Ï³Ý å³ßïáÝÛ³-
impact [΄impækt] n ѳñí³Í, ½³ñÏ. Áݹѳ- ÛÇÝ å³ï³ë˳ݳïíáõÃÛ³Ý »ÝóñÏ»Éáõ
ñáõÙ. μ³ËáõÙ. Ñ»ïù, ¹ñáßÙ. ÷Ëμ. ³½¹»- ÁÝóó³Ï³ñ·:
óáõÃÛáõÝ. at the moment of ~ μ³ËÙ³Ý å³- impeccable [im΄pekəbl] a ³Ýμ³ëÇñ:
ÑÇÝ: reel from the ~ of the blow ѳñí³ÍÇó impede [im΄pi:d] v ˳ݷ³ñ»É, ËáãÁݹáï
»ñ»ñ³É. have a great ~ Ù»Í ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ Ñ³ñáõó»É, ˳÷³Ý»É. ~ the progress ËáãÁÝ-
áõݻݳÉ. the ~ of new ideas Ýáñ ·³Õ³- ¹áï»É/˳ݷ³ñ»É ³é³çÁÝóóÁ:
÷³ñÝ»ñÇ ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝÁ: impediment [im΄pedimənt] n ËáãÁݹáï,
impair [im΄peə] v ÃáõɳݳÉ, ÃáõɳóÝ»É. ³ñ·»Éù. ~ in speech É»½íÇ ³ñ³ï:
íݳë»É, í³ï³Ý³É. His sight is ~ed î»ëá- impedimental [im‚pedi΄mentl] a ˳ݷ³-
ÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ í³ï³ó»É ¿. visually ~ed person ñÇã, ³ñ·»É³ÏáÕ, ËáãÁݹáï ѳݹÇë³óáÕ:
í³ï/ÃáõÛÉ ï»ëáÕáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»óáÕ Ù³ñ¹. His impel [im΄pel] v ¹ñ¹»É, ëïÇå»É. I feel ~led to
health was ~ed by overwork ¶»ñͳÝñ³- say êïÇåí³Í »Ù ³ë»É:
impending 418 implementing

impellent [im΄pelənt] 1. n ß³ñÅÇã áõÅ. 2. a impertinent [im΄pə:tinənt] a ѳݹáõ·Ý, ³Ý-


¹ñ¹Çã, ß³ñÅÇã: å³ïϳé, ÉåÇñß. be ~ to smn Çñ»Ý ѳÝ-
impend [im΄pend] v íñ³ ѳëÝ»É, ëå³éݳÉ: ¹áõ·Ý å³Ñ»É áñ¨¿ Ù»ÏÇ Ñ³Ý¹»å. an ~ fel-
impending [im΄pendiŋ] a í»ñ³Ñ³ë, Ùáï³- low ³Ýå³ïϳé/³Ý³Ùáà ³ÝÓ:
Éáõï, ëå³éݳóáÕ. ~ elections Ùáï³Éáõï imperturbability [‚impətə:bə΄biləti] n
ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ. ~ retirement í»ñ³Ñ³ë ѳݷëïáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ÝËéáíáõÃÛáõÝ:
å³ßïáݳÃáÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ: imperturbable [‚impə΄tə:bəbl] a ³Ýíñ¹áí,
impenetrable [im΄penitrəbl] a ³Ýó÷³Ý- ѳݷÇëï, ³ÝËéáí:
ó»ÉÇ, ³Ý³Ýó³Ý»ÉÇ. ³ÝÙ³ïã»ÉÇ. an ~ forest impervious [im΄pə:viəs] a ³Ýó÷³Ýó»ÉÇ,
³Ý³Ýó³Ý»ÉÇ ³Ýï³é. ~ darkness ³Ýó- ³Ý³Ýó³Ý»ÉÇ. ~ to argument ѳÙá½Ù³Ý ã»Ý-
÷³Ýó ÙÃáõÃÛáõÝ. an ~ expression ÷Ëμ. ³Ý- óñÏíáÕ. ~ to water ³Ýçñ³Ã³÷³ÝóÇÏ. ~o
ÁÙμéÝ»ÉÇ ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÃÛáõÝ: criticism ÷Ëμ. ùÝݳ¹³ïáõÃÛáõÝÇó ã³½¹-
impenitent [im΄penitənt] a ã½Õç³óáÕ. be íáÕ£
quite ~ áã ÙÇ μ³ÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ã½Õç³É: impetuosity [im‚petju΄ɒsəti] n ëñÁÝóóáõ-
imperative [im΄perətiv] n Ññ³Ù³Û³Ï³Ý, ÃÛáõÝ, ³ñ³·ÁÝóóáõÃÛáõÝ:
Ññ³Ù³ÛáÕ. ³ÝÑ»ï³Ó·»ÉÇ, ëïÇåáճϳÝ. impetuous [im΄pet∫uəs] a ëñÁÝóó, μáõéÝ,
It is ~ to start now êÏë»ÉÁ Ññ³Ù³Û³Ï³Ý /³Ý- åáéÃÏáõÝ. an ~ nature μéÝÏíáÕ μݳíáñáõ-
Ñ»ï³Ó·»ÉÇ/ËÇëï ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ ÃÛáõÝ. ~ remarks ³ÝÙï³Íí³Í ¹ÇïáÕáõ-
language ÇÙå»ñ³ïÇí É»½áõ: ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ:
imperceptible [‚impə΄septəbl] a ³ÝÝßÙ³- impetus [΄impitəs] n ß³ñÅÇã áõÅ. ËóÝ, ³½-
ñ»ÉÇ, ³ÝÝϳï»ÉÇ, ³ÝÝß³Ý: ¹³Ï. give an ~ ËÃ³Ý Ñ³Ý¹Çë³Ý³É. put fresh
imperfect [im΄pə:fikt] a ³Ýϳï³ñ, ûñÇ, ~ Ýáñ ó÷ ѳÕáñ¹»É:
ûñ³Ï³ï³ñ, å³Ï³ë³íáñ. ~ goods ÷ã³- impiety [im΄paiəti] n ³Ýμ³ñ»å³ßïáõÃÛáõÝ.
ó³Í ³åñ³Ýù. ~ reproduction ûñÇ å³ï×»- ³Ýѳñ·³ÉÇó í»ñ³μ»ñÙáõÝù:
ݳíáñáõÙ. ~ vision í³ï ï»ëáÕáõÃÛáõÝ: impinge [im΄pindз] v ½³ñÏí»É, Áݹѳñí»É.
imperfection [‚impə΄fek∫n] n ³Ýϳï³ñáõ- áïÝÓ·áõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É:
ÃÛáõÝ, ûñáõÃÛáõÝ:
impish [΄impi∫] a ã³ñ³××Ç:
imperial [im΄piəriəl] n ϳÛë»ñ³Ï³Ý, ·»ñ³- implacability [im‚plækə΄biləti] n ³ÝáÕá-
ùáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ý·ÃáõÃÛáõÝ:
·áõÛÝ. í»Ñ³å³ÝÍ, íë»Ù:
imperil [im΄perəl] v íï³Ý·Ç »ÝóñÏ»É. ~ implacable [im΄plækəbl] a ³ÝáÕáù. ³Ý·áõÃ,
³Ýѳßï. an ~`enemy ³ÝáÕáù ÃßݳÙÇ:
the expedition ³ñß³íÁ íï³Ý·Ç »ÝóñÏ»É:
imperious [im΄piəriəs] a ïÇñ³Ï³Ý, Ññ³Ù³- implant [im΄pla:nt] v ïÝÏ»É. ÷Ëμ. Ý»ñ¹Ý»É,
³ñÙ³ï³íáñ»É. ~ doubts in smb’s minds ϳë-
۳ϳÝ:
Ï³Í ·ó»É Ù»ÏÇ ÙÇïùÁ. The idea was ~ed in
imperishable [im΄peri∫əbl] a ³ÝËáñï³Ï»- his head ²Û¹ ÙÇïùÁ ³Ùáõñ Ýëï»É ¿ñ Ýñ³
ÉÇ, ³Ý˳Ëï. Ùßï»ÝçݳϳÝ:
·ÉËáõÙ:
impermeable [im΄pə:miəbl] a ³Ýó÷³Ý- implantation [‚impla:n΄tei∫n] n ïÝÏáõÙ.
ó»ÉÇ, ³Ýó÷³Ýó:
³ñÙ³ï³íáñáõÙ. ï³ñ³ÍáõÙ:
impermissible [‚impə΄misəbl] a ³ÝÃáõÛɳ- implement [΄implimənt] n ·áñÍÇùÝ»ñ, åÇ-
ïñ»ÉÇ: ïáõÛù, ë³ñù:
impersonal [im΄pə:snl] a ³Ý¹»Ù (ݳ¨ ù»ñ.) implement [΄impliment] v ϳï³ñ»É, Çñ³-
³ÝÏáÕÙݳϳÉ, ³Ý³ã³é: ·áñÍ»É. ~ a promise/an agreement ËáëïáõÙ
impersonate [im΄pə:səneit] v ³ÝÓݳíáñ»É, ϳï³ñ»É. ѳٳӳÛݳ·ÇñÁ Çñ³·áñÍ»É. ~
Ù³ñÙݳíáñ»É. ¹»ñ ˳ճÉ/ϳï³ñ»É: a policy ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ Çñ³Ï³Ý³ó-
impersonation [im‚pə:sə΄nei∫n] n ³ÝÓݳ- Ý»É:
íáñáõÙ, Ù³ñÙݳíáñáõÙ. do/be/ a good ~ ѳ- implementation [‚implimen΄tei∫n] n ϳ-
çáÕ ³ÝÓݳíáñáõÙ/ÝٳݳÏáõÙ: ï³ñáõÙ, Çñ³Ï³Ý³óáõÙ, Çñ³·áñÍáõÙ. ~
impertinence [im΄pə:tinəns] n ѳݹ·Ýáõ- procedure ϳï³ñÙ³Ý Ï³ñ·/ÁÝóó³Ï³ñ·..
ÃÛáõÝ, ³Ýå³ïϳéáõÃÛáõÝ. What ~! Æ°Ýã ~ schedule ϳï³ñÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³óáõÛó:
ѳݹ·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: implementing [΄impliməntiŋ] a Çñ³Ï³-
implicate 419 impoverish

ݳóÝáÕ, ÏÇñ³ñÏáÕ. ~ regulation/rules ÏÇ- ϳÉÇó/¿³Ï³Ý. ~ person/fact/document/news


ñ³ñÏ»Éáõ Ññ³Ñ³Ý·. ÏÇñ³ñÏÙ³Ý Ï³ÝáÝ- ϳñ¨áñ ³ÝÓ/÷³ëï/÷³ëï³ÃáõÕÃ/Ýáñáõ-
Ý»ñ: ÃÛáõÝ:
implicate [΄implikeit] v Ý»ñ·ñ³í»É, Ù³ëݳ- importation [‚impɔ:΄tei∫n] n Ý»ñÙáõÍáõÙ,
ÏÇó ¹³ñÓÝ»É. be ~d in Ù³ëݳÏÇó ÉÇÝ»É. be Ý»ñÙáõÍ»ÉÁ:
~d in the scandal ëϳݹ³ÉÇÝ/ÏéíÇÝ Ù³ë- importunate [im΄pɔ:tjunət] a ѳٳé, ³Ý»-
ݳÏÇó ÉÇÝ»É. He tried to ~ others ܳ ÷áñÓáõÙ ñ»ë/ÏåãáõÝ/Ó³ÝÓñ³óáõóÇã:
¿ñ ³ÛÉ Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó Ù³ëݳÏÇó ¹³ñÓÝ»É: importune [‚impə΄tju:n] v Ëݹñ³ÝùÝ»ñáí
implication [‚impli΄kei∫n] n Ù³ëݳÏóáõ- Ó³ÝÓñ³óÝ»É, ·ÉáõËÁ ï³Ý»É:
ÃÛáõÝ, ³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝ. »Ýó¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. Ý»ñÇ- importunity [‚impə΄tju:nəti] n åݹ»ñ»ëáõ-
Ù³ëï, »ÝÃÇÙ³ëï. by ~ »Ýó¹ñ³μ³ñ. By ÃÛáõÝ. ³Ý»ñ»ëáõÃÛáõÝ:
~ of law ûñ»ÝùÇó μËáÕ Ñ»ï¨³ÝùÝáñáí: impose [im΄pəuz] v íñ³Ý ¹Ý»É, å³ñï³¹-
implicit [im΄plisit] a »Ýó¹ñíáÕ, óùÝí³Í. ñ»É. ѳñϳ¹ñ»É, ëïÇå»É. ~ a tax on tobacco
μݳ½¹³Ï³Ý. ³Ýμ³ó³ïñ»ÉÇ, ³ÝáõÕÕ³ÏÇ. Í˳ËáïÇ íñ³ ѳñÏ ¹Ý»É. ~ some burden on
~ faith/obedience ÏáõÛñ ѳí³ï. ³Ýí»ñ³- smb áñ¨¿ Ù»ÏÇ íñ³ μ»é ¹Ý»É. ~ an obligation
å³Ñ/³ÝËáë Ñݳ½³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝ. be ~ »Ýó- å³ñï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ë³ÑٳݻÉ. ~ oneself
¹ñí»É. ~ confidence ÉñÇí íëï³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ: on smb Ù»ÏÇ í½ÇÝ ÷³Ã³Ãí»É/Ïåã»É:
implore [im΄plɔ:] v ³Õ³ã»É, ³Õ»ñë»É. ~ for imposing [im΄pəuziŋ] a ËÇëï ïå³íáñÇã,
help/ to come û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ³Õ»ñë»É. Ëݹñ»É ³½¹»óÇÏ, å³ïϳé»ÉÇ. an ~ figure å³ï-
·³É: ϳé»ÉÇ ¹»Ùù:
impl/y [im΄plai] v »Ýó¹ñ»É, ³ÏݳñÏ»É. imposition [‚impə΄zi∫n] n ѳñÏ, ѳñÏ
ÝϳïÇ áõݻݳÉ. What do you ~ by that ? ƱÝ㠹ݻÉÁ. ѳñϳ¹ñáõÙ. the ~ of a new tax Ýáñ
»ù áõ½áõÙ ¹ñ³Ýáí ³ë»É. He ~ied that he was ѳñÏ ¹Ý»ÉÁ. ~ of penalty å³ïÇÅ/ïáõ·³Ýù
unhappy ܳ ѳëϳóñ»ó, áñ ¹Åμ³Ëï ¿: ¹Ý»ÉÁ. unfair ~ ³Ý³ñ¹³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. It would be
implied [im΄plaid] a »Ýó¹ñíáÕ, ϳÝ˳- an ~ for you ¸³ ³Ý³ñ¹³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ÏÉÇÝ»ñ ùá
í³ñϳÍÇ íñ³ ÑÇÙÝí³Í. ~right/terms/condi- ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ:
tion »Ýó¹ñíáÕ Çñ³íáõÝù/å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ/ impossibility [im‚pɒsə΄biləti] n ³ÝÑݳñÇ-
å³ÛÙ³Ý: ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ýϳñ»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ. a sheer ~ μ³-
impolite [‚impə΄lait] a ³Ýù³Õ³ù³í³ñÇ, ó³ñÓ³Ï ³ÝÑݳñÇÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ to reach an
³ÝÏÇñÃ, ÏáåÇï: agreement ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý ·³Éáõ/ѳë-
imponderable [im΄pɒndərəbl] 1. a ³Ý- Ý»Éáõ ³ÝÑݳñÇÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ:
Ïßé»ÉÇ, ³ÝÏßÇé. ͳÝñ³ÏßÇé: 2. n ~s ѳßíÇ impossible [im΄pɒsəbl]1. a ³ÝÑݳñÇÝ, ³Ý-
³éÝíáÕ ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñ: ϳñ»ÉÇ. next to ~ ѳٳñÛ³ ³ÝÑݳñÇÝ. an ~
import [΄impɔ:t] n Ý»ñÙáõÍáõÙ. ~s Ý»ñÙáõÍ- situation ËëÏó. ³Ýï³Ý»ÉÇ Çñ³íÇ׳Ï.
íáÕ ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñ. chief ~s Ý»ñÙáõÍíáÕ ÑÇÙ- You’re ~ ! ¸áõ ³Ýï³Ý»ÉÇ »ë. 2. n ³ÝÑݳ-
Ý³Ï³Ý ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÁ. ~ duty/license Ý»ñ- ñÇÝ/³Ýϳñ»ÉÇ μ³Ý. Don’t ask the ~ of me
ÙáõÍÙ³Ý Ñ³ñÏ/ÃáõÛɳïñ³·Çñ. ~ trade Ý»ñ- ÆÝÓÝÇó ³Ýϳñ»ÉÇÝ ÙÇ å³Ñ³ÝçÇñ:
ÙáõÍíáÕ ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ ³é¨ïáõñ. ~ quota impostor [im΄pɒstə] n ÇÝùݳÏáã Ù³ñ¹.,
Ý»ñÙáõÍÙ³Ý μ³ÅÇÝ/ã³÷. ~ restrictions ˳μ»μ³, ëñÇϳ. He’s just an ~ ܳ å³ñ½³-
Ý»ñÙáõÍÙ³Ý ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñ: å»ë ˳μ»μ³/ëñÇϳ ¿:
import [im΄pɔ:t] v Ý»ñÙáõÍ»É: imposture [im΄pɒst∫ə] n ˳μ»μ³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ,
importance [im΄pɔ:tns] n Ý߳ݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ˳ñ¹³ËáõÃÛáõÝ:
ϳñ¨áñáõÃÛáõÝ. be of ~ ϳñ¨áñ ÉÇÝ»É. a per- impotent [΄impətənt] a ³Ý½áñ, ÃáõÛÉ. μÅßÏ.
son of ~ ϳñ¨áñ/³½¹»óÇÏ ³ÝÓݳíáñáõ- ë»é³Ï³Ý³å»ë ³ÝϳñáÕ, ÇÙåáï»Ýï:
ÃÛáõÝ. a matter of ~ ϳñ¨áñ ѳñó. of special/ impotence [΄impətəns] n ³Ý½áñáõÃÛáõÝ, Ãáõ-
primary/vital ~ ѳïáõÏ/³é³çݳѻñÃ/ Ï»Ý- ÉáõÃÛáõÝ. μÅßÏ. ë»é³Ï³Ý ³ÝϳñáõÃÛáõÝ,
ë³Ï³Ý ϳñ¨áñáõÃÛáõÝ. attach/no ~ to ϳñ¨á- ³ÝϳñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ÇÙåáï»ÝïáõÃÛáõÝ:
ñáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É. áã ÙÇ Ï³ñ¨áñáõÃÛáõÝ ãï³É. impoverish [im΄pɒvəri∫] v ³Õù³ï³óÝ»É,
important [im΄pɔ:tnt] a ϳñ¨áñ, Ý߳ݳ- ³Õù³ïáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ëóÝ»É. be ~ed by heavy
impoverished 420 improvement

taxation ͳÝñ ѳñÏ»ñÇó ù³Ûù³Ûí»É. ~ the ÝÇëï, ÇÙåñ»ëÇáÝǽÙÇ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇã:


soil ÑáÕÁ áõųëå³é ³Ý»É. The language impressive [im΄presiv] a ïå³íáñÇã, ³ñ-
is ~ing È»½áõÝ ³Õù³ï³ÝáõÙ ¿: ï³Ñ³ÛïÇã, ³½¹áõ:
impoverished [im΄pɒvəri∫t] a ³Õù³ïáõ- imprint [΄imprint] n ¹ñáßÙ, ÏÝÇù. ¹ñáßÙ³-
ÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ëóñ³Í: ѳïáó, ßï³Ùå. publisher’s/printer’s ~ ïå·ñ.
impracticable [im΄præktikəbl] a ³ÝÇñ³- Ññ³ï³ñ³ÏÙ³Ý ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ (·ñùÇ ¨
·áñÍ»ÉÇ, áã åÇï³ÝÇ. ³Ý³Ýó³Ý»ÉÇ (׳ݳ- ³ÛÉÝ íñ³):
å³ñÑ)£ imprint [im΄print] v ÏÝù»É, ¹ñáßÙ»É, ïå»É.
impractical [im΄præktikl] a ³Ý·áñÍݳϳÝ, Ñ»ïù ÃáÕÝ»É, ïå³íáñ»É. These words are
áã åÇï³ÝÇ: ~ed in my memory ²Ûë μ³é»ñÁ ¹ñáßÙí»É »Ý
impregnability [im‚pregnə΄biləti] n ³Ý- ÇÙ ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç:
Ù³ïã»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ÝËáó»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ: imprison [im΄prizn] v μ³Ýï³ñÏ»É, ³½³-
impregnant [im΄pregnənt] a ³Ý³éÇÏ, ³Ý- ï³½ñÏ»É:
Ù³ïã»ÉÇ. ÷Ëμ. ³ÝËáó»ÉÇ: imprisonment [im΄priznmənt] n μ³Ýï³ñ-
impregnate [΄impregneit] v μ»Õݳíáñ»É. ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. life ~ óÙ³Ñ μ³Ýï³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ, term
ïá·áñ»É, ѳ·»óÝ»É. ÉóÝ»É. ~ with oil ÛáõÕ of ~ ³½³ï³½ñÏÙ³Ý Å³ÙÏ»ï. be sentenced
ÍÍ»óÝ»É: to ~ μ³Ýï³ñÏáõÃÛ³Ý ¹³ï³í×Çé ϳ۳ó-
impresario [‚impre΄sa:riəu] n óïñ. Ó»é- Ý»É. long - term/short-term ~ »ñϳñ³ï¨/ϳñ-
ݳñÏáõ, ÇÙåñ»ë³ñÇá: ×³ï¨ ³½³ï³½ñÏáõÙ:
impress [΄impres] n ÏÝÇù, ¹ñáßÙ (ݳ¨ improbability [im‚prɒbə΄biləti] n ³Ýѳ-
÷Ëμ.): í³Ý³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
impress [im΄pres] v ÏÝù»É, ¹ñáßÙ»É. ïå³- improbable [im΄prɒbəbl] a ³Ýѳí³Ý³-
íáñ»É, ïå³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ ·áñÍ»É. Ý»ñßÝã»É. ~ ϳÝ, ³Ýѳí³ï³ÉÇ:
favourably/unfavourably μ³ñ»Ýå³ëï/³Ýμ³- impromtu [im΄prɒmptju:]1. n ¿ùëåñáÙï.
ñ»Ýå³ëï ïå³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ ÃáÕÝ»É. The film ѳÝå³ïñ³ëïÇó ëï»Õͳ·áñÍáõÙ 2. a
~ed me very much üÇÉÙÁ ÇÝÓ íñ³ Ù»Í ïå³- ѳÝϳñͳÏÇ ÑáñÇݳÍ, ѳÝå³ïñ³ëïÇó
íáñáõÃÛáõÝ ·áñÍ»ó. be greatly/deeply, pro- ëï»ÕͳÍ. 3. adv ѳÝå³ïñ³ëïÇó:
foundly ~ed áõÅ»Õ/Ëáñ ïå³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï
improper [im΄prɒpə] a ³ÝÇÙ³ëï, áã ï»-
ÉÇÝ»É. (ѳëϳóÝ»É) I must ~ on you ºë
ÕÇÝ. ³Ýí³Û»É, ³Ýå³ïß³×. ë˳É, ³Ý-
áõ½áõÙ »Ù ù»½ ѳëϳóÝ»É. I tried to ~ on you
×Çßï. an ~ remark áã ï»ÕÇÝ ¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ.
öáñÓáõÙ ¿Ç ù»½ ѳëϳóÝ»É:
~ behaviour ³Ýå³ïß³× í³ñù/í³ñÙáõÝù. ~
impressible [im΄presəbl] a ïå³íáñíáÕ, stories ³Ýå³ïß³× ³Ý»Ï¹áïÝ»ñ/å³ïÙáõ-
¹Ûáõñ³½·³ó, ½·³ÛáõÝ:
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. ~ purpose í³ï Ýå³ï³Ï:
impression [im΄pre∫n] n ÏÝÇù, ¹ñáßÙí³Íù. impropriety [‚imprə΄praiəti] n ³Ý×ßïáõ-
an ~ in vax ¹ñáßÙí³Íù ÙáÙÇ íñ³/ÙáÙÇó.
ÃÛáõÝ, ³Ýå³ïß³×áõÃÛáõÝ:
(Ññ³ï³ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ) first/second ~ ³é³çÇÝ/
»ñÏñáñ¹ Ññ³ï³ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. (ïå³íáñáõ-
improvable [im΄pru:vəbl] a μ³ñ»É³í»ÉÇ,
ϳï³ñ»É³·áñÍ»ÉÇ:
ÃÛáõÝ, ÁÝϳÉáõÙ) profound/vivid/false/fleeting/
sharp ~ ËáñÁ/í³é/ë˳É/ÃéáõóÇÏ/áõÅ»Õ
improve [im΄pru:v] v μ³ñ»É³í(í)»É, ϳï³-
ñ»É³·áñÍ(í)»É. ~ conditions/relations/knowled-
ïå³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. auditive/visual ~ ÉëáÕ³-
ϳÝ/ï»ëáÕ³Ï³Ý ÁÝϳÉáõÙ. make/produce ge/quality ѳñ³μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ/·Çï»ÉÇùÁ
an ~ ïå³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ ·áñÍ»É. under the ~ ½³ñ·³óÝ»É. å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ/áñ³ÏÁ μ³ñ»É³-
ïå³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï, convey the ~ ïå³íá- í»É. ~ one’s mind ÙÇïùÁ/áõÕ»ÕÁ ½³ñ·³ó-
ñáõÃÛáõÝ ëï»ÕÍ»É/ÃáÕÝ»É: Ý»É. ~ in health ³éáÕçáõÃÛáõÝÁ í»ñ³Ï³Ý·-
impressionable [im΄pre∫nəbl] a ïå³íáñ- Ý»É. The book ~s on reading ²Ûë ·ÇñùÁ ³í»ÉÇ
íáÕ, ¹Ûáõñ³½·³ó. Some people are very ~ áõ ³í»ÉÇ Ñ»ï³ùñùÇñ ¿ ¹³éÝáõÙ. You can ~
àñáß Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ ß³ï ¹Ûáõñ³½·³ó »Ý: on that ¸áõ ϳñáÕ »ë ¹³ ³í»ÉÇ É³í ³Ý»É:
impressionism [im΄pre∫(ə)niz(ə)m] n ³ñí. improvement [im΄pru:vmənt] n μ³ñ»É³-
ÇÙåñ»ëÇáÝǽÙ: íáõÙ, ɳí³óáõÙ, ϳï³ñ»É³·áñÍáõÙ. great/
impressionist [im΄pre∫nist] n ÇÙåñ»ëÇá- marked/further/constant ~ Ëáßáñ/Ýϳï»ÉÇ/Ñ»-
improvident 421 inability

ï³·³/ѳëï³ïáõÝ μ³ñ»É³íáõÙ. ~ of the μÇÍ, ëïí»ñ. The article contained ~s Ðá¹-


living standard Ï»Ýë³Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÇ μ³ñ»É³- í³ÍáõÙ Ù»Õ³¹ñ³ÝùÝ»ñ ϳÛÇÝ:
íáõÙ. ~s on the house ï³Ý áñáß í»ñ³Ï³éáõ- impute [im΄pju:t] v í»ñ³·ñ»É, Ù»Õ³¹ñ»É. ~
óáõÙ. There is still room for ~ ´³Ûó ¹»é ³í»ÉÇ smth to smb Ù»ÏÇÝ ÙÇ μ³Ý í»ñ³·ñ»É:
ɳí ϳñ»ÉÇ ¿ ³Ý»É: in [in] 1. prep Ù»ç, Ù»çáõÙ. Ý»ñë, Ý»ñëáõÙ. ~
improvident [im΄prɒvidənt] a ³ÝϳÝ˳- hospital/the forest/ the corner/the street ÑÇí³Ý-
ï»ë, ³Ýßñç³Ñ³Û³ó. í³ïÝáÕ, ßé³ÛÉ: ¹³ Ýá óáõÙ/³Ýï³éáõÙ/³ÝÏÛáõÝáõÙ/÷áÕá -
improvisation [‚imprəvai΄zei∫n] n ÇÙåñá- óáõÙ. in the book/dictionary ·ñùÇ Ù»ç, μ³é³-
íǽ³ódz: ñ³ÝáõÙ. ~ science ·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç. (ųٳ-
improvise [΄imprəvaiz] v ѳÝå³ïñ³ëïÇó ݳÏ) ~ the morning/evening ³é³íáïÛ³Ý,
ëï»Õͳ·áñÍ»É, ÑáñÇÝ»É. Ó»é³ó å³ïñ³ë- »ñ»ÏáÛ³Ý. ~ May/the past/the thirties/the next
ï»É. ~ on the piano ¹³ßݳÙáõñÇ íñ³ ѳÝ- week Ù³ÛÇëÇÝ/³ÝóÛ³ÉáõÙ/ »ñ»ëݳϳÝÝ»-
å³ïñ³ëïÇó ÑáñÇÝ»É. ~ a lunch Ó»é³ó ×³ß ñÇÝ/ѳçáñ¹ ß³μ³Ã. ~ a week Ù»Ï ß³μ³Ã
å³ïñ³ëï»É: Ñ»ïá. ~ an hour Ù»Ï Å³Ùí³ ÁÝóóùáõÙ. day
improviser [΄imprəvaizə] n ѳÝå³ïñ³ë- ~ day out ûñ»óûñ. ~ camera ¹éÝ÷³Ï. ~ cham-
ïÇó ëï»Õͳ·áñÍáÕ/ÑáñÇÝáÕ. ÇÙåñáíÇ- bers ¹³ï³íáñÇ ë»ÝÛ³ÏáõÙ. ~ office å³ß-
½³ïáñ: ïáÝáõÙ. ~ power Çß˳ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ·ÉáõË. (íÇ-
imprudence [im΄pru:dns] n ³ÝËáÑ»Ùáõ- ׳Ï) ~ danger/distress/need/silence/tears íï³Ý-
ÃÛáõÝ, ³Ý½·áõßáõÃÛáõÝ: ·Ç/¹Åμ³ËïáõÃÛ³Ý//ϳñÇùÇ Ù»ç. ÉéáõÃÛ³Ùμ.
imprudent [im΄pru:dnt] a ³ÝËáÑ»Ù, ³Ý- ɳó³ÏáõÙ³Í. ~ black/silk ë¨/ Ù»ï³ùëÛ³
½·áõÛß: ½·»ëïáí. ~ pencil/ink Ù³ïÇïáí/ óݳùáí.
impudence [΄impjudəns] n ѳݹݷÝáõ- (ß³ñÅáõÙ ¹»åÇ Ý»ñë) go/ come/ call/get ~
ÃÛáõÝ, ³Ýå³ïϳéáõÃÛáõÝ. ÉñμáõÃÛáõÝ. have Ý»ñë ·Ý³É/ÙïÝ»É/ϳÝã»É/ÙïÝ»É. (ï»Õ) ~
the ~ to say ѳݹ·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»Ý³É ³ë»Éáõ: Africa/the USA/Armenia ²ýñÇϳÛáõÙ/²ØÜ-
impudent [΄impjudənt] a ѳݹáõ·Ý ³Ý- áõÙ/г۳ëï³ÝáõÙ. ~ order ϳñ·ÇÝ. ~ this
å³ïϳé ÉÏïÇ: way ³Ûë Ó¨áí. ~ the distance Ñ»éíáõÙ. one ~
impulse [΄impΛls] n Ý»ñùÇÝ ÙÕáõÙ, ³½¹³Ï ten ï³ëÇó Ù»ÏÁ. ~ turn Ñ»ñÃáí. ~ doubt
¹ñ¹Çã, ËóÝ. ÇÙåáõÉë. His first ~ was to run ϳëϳͻÉ. be ~ ï³ÝÁ/ï»ÕáõÙ ÉÇÝ»É. She is
Üñ³ ³é³çÇÝ ÙÕáõÙÁ/ÙÇïùÁ ÷³Ëã»ÉÝ ¿ñ. not ~ î³ÝÁ/î»ÕáõÙ ãÇ. Not ~ yet ¸»é ãÇ »Ï»É.
act on ~ Ý»ñùÇÝ ÙÕÙ³Ý ³½¹»óáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï keep smn ~ ÃáõÛÉ ãï³É ¹áõñë ·³É, Ý»ñëáõÙ
·áñÍ»É. ~ buying ãݳ˳ï»ëí³Í ·ÝáõÙÝ»ñ. å³Ñ»É. spend the evening ~ »ñ»ÏáÝ ï³ÝÁ
be seized by ~ Ý»ñùÇÝ ÙÕáõÙÇó ¹ñ¹í³Í. ~ ³ÝóϳóÝ»É. be ~ on the secret ·³ÕïÝÇùÇÝ
sales Ùdzݷ³ÙÇó í³×³éù. irresistible ~ ³Ý- ï»ÕÛ³Ï ÉÇÝ»É. Long skirts are ~ ºñϳñ ÷»ßÁ
¹ÇÙ³¹ñ»ÉÇ ÙÕáõÙ. control an ~ Ý»ñùÇÝ Ùá¹³ÛÇÏ ¿. Strawberries are ~ ºÉ³ÏÁ ¹áõñë ¿
ÙÕáõÙÁ ½ëå»É: »Ï»É. ~ a few words ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ μ³éáí. I’m all ~
impulsive [im΄pΛlsiv] a Ý»ñùÇÝ ÙÕÙ³Ý, ÈñÇí ѳÉÇó ÁÝÏ»É »Ù. be ~ for be ~ for a job
ËóݳÛÇÝ, μéÝÏáõÝ, ÇÙåáõÉëÇí: å³ßïáÝÇ Ã»ÏݳÍáõ ÉÇÝ»É be ~ for a hard
impunity [im΄pju:nəti] n ³Ýå³ïÇÅ ÙݳÉÁ. time ͳÝñ ųٳݳÏÝ»ñÇ ëå³ë»É. 2. n pl
³Ýå³ïÅ»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ: all the ~s and outs of the problem ËݹñÇ μáÉáñ
impure [im΄pjuə] a ³ÝÙ³ùáõñ, Ï»Õïáï, Ù³ÝñáõùÝ»ñÁ/ÝñμáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ:
åÇÕÍ. ˳éÁ, ˳éÝáõñ¹áí. ~ water ³Õïáï- in [in] a ³Ïïáõ³É, Ññ³ï³å, Ý»ñϳ It’s an ~
í³Í çáõñ. an ~ breed áã Ù³ùáõñ/³½ÝÇí ï»- subject just now ËëÏó. ¸³ ÑÇÙ³ Ùá¹³ÛÇÏ
ë³Ï/ó»Õ. ~ thought ³Ýí³Û»É/³Ýå³ïß³× Ã»Ù³ ¿:
Ùïù»ñ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ data ÷á÷áËíáÕ ïíÛ³É- in [in] adv Ý»ñëáõÙ, Ý»ñë. ~ and out Ý»ñë áõ
Ý»ñ: ¹áõñë. Is the boss ~ Þ»ýÁ ï»Õá±õÙ ¿. He is not
impurit/y [im΄pjuərəti] n ³ÝÙ³ùñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ ܳ ï»ÕáõÙ ã¿ (ݳ¨ ï³ÝÁ ã¿). The post isn’t
Ï»Õï, ˳éÝáõñ¹. ~ ies in food/metals ˳é- ~ yet öáëï³ÛÇÝ ³é³ùáõÙÝ»ñÁ ¹»é ã»Ý
Ýáõñ¹Ý»ñ ëÝݹ³ÙûñùÇ/Ù»ï³ÕÝ»ñÇ Ù»ç: »Ï»É:
imputation [‚impju΄tei∫n] n Ù»Õ³¹ñ³Ýù, inability [‚inə΄biləti] n ³ÝϳñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ý-
inaccessibility 422 inauspicious

ÁݹáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ to read/to count ϳñ¹³- inanimation [in‚æni΄mei∫n] n ³Ýϻݹ³Ýáõ-


Éáõ/ ѳßí»Éáõ ³ÝϳñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ãϳñáÕ³- ÃÛáõÝ:
ݳÉÁ: inanity [i΄nænəti] n ¹³ï³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ý-
inaccessibility [‚inəksesə΄biləti] n ³ÝÙ³ï- ÙïáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ÝÇÙ³ëïáõÃÛáõÝ:
ã»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ýѳë³Ý»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ: inapplicable [‚inə΄plikəbl] a áã ÏÇñ³é»ÉÇ.
inaccessible [‚inək΄sesəbl] a ³ÝÙ³ïã»ÉÇ, ~ to the present case ïíÛ³É ¹»åùÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ áã
³ÝÙ»ñӻݳÉÇ, ³Ýѳë³Ý»ÉÇ: ÏÇñ³é»ÉÇ. This item is ~ to you ²Ûë Ï»ïÁ Ó»½
inaccuracy [in΄ækjərəsi] n ³Ý×ßïáõÃÛáõÝ, ãÇ í»ñ³μ»ñáõÙ:
ë˳É: inappreciation [΄inə‚pri:∫i΄ei∫n] n ûñ³-
inaccurate [in΄ækjərət] a áã ×Çßï, ë˳É, á㠷ݳѳïáõÙ:
¹ÇåáõÏ: inapprehensible [‚inæpri΄hensəbl] a ³Ý-
inaction [in΄æk∫n] n ³Ý·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛáõÝ, ÁÙμéÝ»ÉÇ, ³ÝѳëϳݳÉÇ:
³Ýß³ñÅáõÃÛáõÝ: inapproachable [‚inə΄prəut∫əbl] a ³Ýѳ-
inactive [in΄æktiv] a ³Ý·áñÍáõÝÛ³, áã ·áñ- ë³Ý»ÉÇ, ³ÝÙ»ñӻݳÉÇ.
ÍáõÝ. ÍáõÛÉ, ³Ýï³ñμ»ñ. I hate to be ~ ã»Ù inappropriate [‚inə΄prəupriət] a ³Ýѳٳ-
ëÇñáõÙ ³Ý·áñÍ Ýëï»É. an ~ volcano ã·áñÍáÕ å³ï³ë˳Ý, ³ÝѳñÙ³ñ. ~ dress ³Ýѳ-
Ññ³μáõË: Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý Ñ³·áõëï. ~ word ³Ýѳ-
inactivity [‚inæk΄tivəti] n ³Ý·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ, Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý μ³é:
³Ýï³ñμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ: inapt [in΄æpt] a ³ÝÑÙáõï, ³ÝÁݹáõݳÏ:
inadequacy [in΄ædikwəsi] n ³Ýѳٳå³- inaptitude [in΄æptitju:d] n ³ÝÁݹáõݳ-
ï³ë˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ýμ³í³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ÝϳñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ:
å³Ï³ëáõÃÛáõÝ: inarticulate [‚ina:΄tikjulət] a ³ÝÑá¹³μ³ßË.
inadequate [in΄ædikwət] a ³Ýѳٳå³- Éáõé. ~ noises ³ÝÑá¹³μ³ßË Ó³ÛÝ»ñ. He is a
ï³ë˳Ý. ³Ýμ³í³ñ³ñ, ³ÝѳٳñÅ»ù. bit ~ ÷Ëμ. ܳ ãÇ Ï³ñáÕ³ÝáõÙ Çñ Ùïù»ñÁ
The measures are ~ ²Ûë ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÁ μ³í³- ³ñï³Ñ³Ûï»É. be ~ with rage ϳï³Õáõ-
ñ³ñ/³¹»Ïí³ï ã»Ý. feel ~ as a mother Çñ»Ý ÃÛáõÝÇó ßÝã³Ñ»ÕÓ ÉÇÝ»É:
³Ý½áñ ½·³É áñå»ë Ù³Ûñ. ~ for the job inartistic [‚ina:΄tistik] a áã ·»Õ³ñí»ëï³-
³ß˳ï³ÝùÇÝ ãѳٳå³ï³ë˳ݻÉ. an ~ ϳÝ. be ~ ·»Õ³ñí»ëï³Ï³Ý ×³ß³Ï ãáõÝ»-
excuse ³ÝѳÙá½Çã å³ïñí³Ï: ݳÉ:
inadmissible [‚inəd΄misəbl] a ³ÝÁݹáõÝ»ÉÇ, inasmuch as [‚inəz΄mΛt∫əz] adv ù³ÝÇ áñ,
³ÝѳݹáõñÅ»ÉÇ. ³ÝÃáõÛɳïñ»ÉÇ. ~ evi- ÝϳïÇ áõݻݳÉáí, áñ:
dence Çñ³í. ³ÝÁݹáõÝ»ÉÇ ³å³óáõÛó: inattention [‚inə΄ten∫n] n ³Ýáõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ,
inadvertence [‚inəd΄və:tns] n ³Ýáõß³¹ñáõ- ³Ýáõß³¹Çñ ÉÇÝ»ÉÁ. ~ to detail ³Ýáõß³¹ñáõ-
ÃÛáõÝ, ³Ý÷áõÃáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ÝÑá·áõÃÛáõÝ, íñÇ- ÃÛáõÝ Ù³ÝñáõùÝ»ñÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ:
åáõÙ. due to ~ ³Ý÷áõÃáõÃÛ³Ý å³ï׳éáí: inattentive [‚inə΄tentiv] a ³Ýáõß³¹Çñ:
inadvertent [‚inəd΄və:tnt] a ³Ýáõß³¹Çñ, inaudible [in΄ɔ:dəbl] a ³ÝÉë»ÉÇ. be almost ~
³ÝÑá·, ³Ý÷áõÛÃ: ѳ½Çí Éë»ÉÇ ÉÇÝ»É:
inadvertently [‚inəd΄və:tntli] adv áã ¹Çï³- inaugural [i΄nɔ:gjurəl] a Ý»ñ³Í³Ï³Ý,
íáñÛ³É, ³é³Ýó ¹Çï³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý: ëϽμÇ, ³é³çÇÝ. ~ lecture/address Ý»ñ³Í³-
inalterable [in΄ɒltərəbl] a ³Ý÷á÷áË, ³Ý- Ï³Ý ¹³ë³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝ /׳é. ~ flight ³é³-
÷á÷áË»ÉÇ: çÇÝ ÃéÇãù:
inalienable [in΄eiliənəbl] a ³Ýμ³Å³Ý»ÉÇ, inaugurate [i΄nɔ:gjureit] v ѳݹÇë³íáñ
³Ýϳåï»ÉÇ, ³Ýûï³ñ»ÉÇ. ~ right Çñ³í. Ï»ñåáí å³ßïáÝÇ Ù»ç ѳëï³ï»É. ~ re-
³Ýϳåï»ÉÇ Çñ³íáõÝù: forms/a president μ³ñ»÷áËáõÙÝ»ñ ÙïóÝ»É.
inane [i΄nein] n ¹³ï³ñÏ, ³Ýμáí³Ý¹³Ï. an åñ»½Ç¹»ÝïÇÝ å³ßïáÝáõ٠ѳëï³ï»É:
~ remark ¹³ï³ñÏ/ÑÇÙ³ñ ¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ: inauguration [i‚nɔ:gjə΄rei∫n] n Çݳ-
inanimate [in΄ænimət] a ³ÝßáõÝã, áã ßÝã³- ·áõñ³ódz, ѳݹÇë³íáñ μ³óáõÙ. I~ Day
íáñ, ³Ýϻݹ³Ý. ~ matter ³ÝßáõÝã/ ³ÝÏ»Ý- ²ØÜ-Ç åñ»½Ç¹»ÝïÇ å³ßïáÝÁ ëï³ÝÓ-
¹³Ý ÝÛáõÃ: Ý»Éáõ ûñÁ. å³ßïáÝÇ Ñ³Ý¹Çë³íáñ ëï³ÝÓ-
inborn 423 inclement

ÝáõÙ: Ý»ñ. ³Ýí»ñç/³Ý¹³¹³ñ ³ÝÓñ¨:


inauspicious [‚inɔ:΄spi∫əs] a ³Ýμ³ñ»- incest [΄insest] n ³ñÛáõݳåÕÍáõÃÛáõÝ:
Ýå³ëï, í³ï, ã³ñ³·áõß³Ï: inch [int∫] n Ù³ïݳã³÷. an ~ and a half Ù»-
inborn [‚in΄bɔ:n] a μݳÍÇÝ, μݳϳÝ: ÏáõÏ»ë Ù³ïݳã³÷. every ~ ³ÙμáÕçáõ-
inbox [‚in΄bɔks] n ÑÙÏñ·. ÙáõïùÇ ³ñÏÕ: ÃÛ³Ùμ. every ~ a man/a soldier ÇëϳϳÝ
inbred [‚in΄bred] a μݳÍÇÝ, μݳϳÝ: ïÕ³Ù³ñ¹/½ÇÝíáñ. ~ by ~, by ~es ³ëïÇ׳-
incalculable [in΄kælkjuləbl] a ³Ýѳßí»ÉÇ, ݳμ³ñ, Ñ»ï½Ñ»ï». move forward ~ by ~
³ÝѳßÇí, ³ÝÃÇí. ~ losses ³Ýѳßí»ÉÇ Ïá- ùÇã-ùÇã ³é³ç ·Ý³É. not to yield an ~ áã ÙÇ
ñáõëïÝ»ñ. ~ damage ÑëÏ³Û³Ï³Ý íݳë: ½ÇçáõÙ ã³Ý»É:
incandesce [‚inkæn΄des] v ßÇϳݳÉ, ßÇϳó- inch [int∫] v (ݳ¨ ~ one’s way) ¹³Ý¹³Õ, ϳ-
Ý»É: Ù³ó-ϳٳó ß³ñÅí»É. `~ along ¹³Ý¹³Õ
incandescence [‚inkæn΄desns] n ßÇϳóáõÙ, μ³Ûó ѳëï³ïáõÝ Ñ³çáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ëÝ»É:
Ññ³ß»ÏáõÃÛáõÝ: inchoate [in΄kəuət] a ãí»ñç³óñ³Í, ã³-
incandescent [‚inkæn΄desnt] a ßÇϳó³Í, í³ñïí³Í, ~ right Ó¨³íáñíáÕ Çñ³íáõÝù:
Ññ³ß»Ï, Éáõë³ß»Ï: incidence [΄insidəns] n Áݹ·ñÏáõÙ, ³½¹»-
incapability [‚inkə΄pæsəti] n ³ÝÁݹáõݳ- óáõÃÛ³Ý áÉáñï. The ~is increasing ²½¹»óáõ-
ÏáõÃÛáõÝ: ÃÛ³Ý áÉáñïÁ ٻͳÝáõÙ/ɳÛݳÝáõÙ ¿:
incapable [in΄keipəbl] a ³ÝÁݹáõݳÏ, ³Ý- incident [΄insidənt] n ¹»åù, ³Ýóù, å³ï³-
ϳñáÕ. ãÉdz½áñí³Í. be ~ to lie ëï»Éáõ ³Ý- ѳñ. unpleasant/strange ~ ïѳ×/ï³ñûñÇݳÏ
ÁݹáõݳÏ: å³ï³Ñ³ñ. without ~ ³é³Ýó å³ï³Ñ³ñÇ.
incapacitate [‚inkə΄pæsiteit] v ³ÝÁݹáõ- daily ~s ûñí³ å³ï³Ñ³ñÝ»ñÁ. (ÙÇç³¹»å)
ݳÏ/ ³Ýå»ïù ¹³ñÓÝ»É.The accident ~d him frontier ~ ë³ÑٳݳÛÇÝ ÙÇç³¹»å. lead to an
for work ¸Åμ³Ëï å³ï³Ñ³ñÇ å³ï׳éáí ~ ÙÇç³¹»åÇ Ñ³ëóÝ»É/μ»ñ»É:
ݳ ¹³ñÓ³í ³Ý³ß˳ïáõݳÏ: incidental [‚insi΄dentl] a å³ï³Ñ³Ï³Ý.
incapacity [‚inkə΄pæsəti] n ³ÝÁݹáõݳÏáõ- ÏáÕÙݳÏÇ, áã ¿³Ï³Ý. Éñ³óáõóÇã. an ~ meet-
ÃÛáõÝ, ³ÝϳñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ partial ~ Ù³ëݳÏÇ ing å³ï³Ñ³Ï³Ý ѳݹÇåáõÙ. ~ expenses
³Ý·áñÍáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ: ÏáÕÙݳÏÇ/Éñ³óáõóÇã ͳËë»ñ. ~ music to a
incarnate [in΄ka:nət] a Ù³ñÙݳó³Í. Ù³ñÙ- film ÏÇÝá. ÏÇÝáýÇÉÙÇ »ñ³ÅßïáõÃÛáõÝ. prob-
ݳíáñí³Í£ lems ~ to adolescence ¹»é³Ñ³ëÝ»ñÇ åñáμ-
incarnate [΄inka:neit] v Ù³ñÙݳóÝ»É, Ù³ñÙ- É»ÙÝ»ñÁ:
ݳíáñ»É. He is a devil ~ ܳ ë³ï³Ý³ÛÇ incinerate [in΄sinəreit] v ³Ûñ»É, ÙáËñ³óÝ»É,
Ù³ñÙݳóáõÙ ¿: ÙáËÇñ ¹³ñÓÝ»É:
incarnation [‚inka:΄nei∫n] n Ù³ñÙݳóáõÙ, incinerator [in΄sinəreitə] n ³Õμ³Ï»½ í³-
Ù³ñÙݳíáñáõÙ, ÇÝϳñݳódz: é³ñ³Ý:
incendiary [in΄sendiəri] n ÑñÓÇ·. ÷Ëμ. incipient [in΄sipiənt] a ëÏëíáÕ, ëÏÇ½μ ³é-
ë³¹ñÇã, ë³¹ñáÕ, ¹ñ¹áÕ: ÝáÕ, ëϽμݳϳÝ. the ~ rebellion ëÏëíáÕ
incense [΄insens] n ËáõÝÏ. ÷Ëμ. ßáÕáùáñÃáõ- ³åëï³ÙμáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÃÛáõÝ. ËÝϳñÏáõÙ: incise [in΄saiz] v »ñ»ë³Ýó ×»Õù»É. ûè
incense [΄insens] v μ³ñϳóÝ»É, ½³Ûñ³óÝ»É. Ïïñí³Íù ³Ý»É:
His obstinacy ~d me Üñ³ ѳٳéáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÇÝÓ incision [in΄siзn] n Ïïñí³Íù. ÏïñáõÙ,
½³Ûñ³óñ»ó: Ïïñí³Í ï»Õ. make an ~ Ïïñí³Íù ³Ý»É:
incentive [in΄sentiv]1. n ¹ñ¹³å³ï׳é, incisive [in΄saisiv] a ëáõñ, ˳ÛÃáÕ, ÏÍáõ. an ~
¹ñ¹áõÙ. ËóÝáÕ å³ï׳é, ËóÝ. 2. a mind ëáõñ, Ëáñ³Ã³÷³Ýó ÙÇïù:
¹ñ¹Çã. an ~ to work hard ç³Ý³ë»ñ ³ß˳ï»- incisor [in΄saizə] n ÏïñÇã ³ï³Ù:
Éáõ ¹ñ¹³å³ï׳é: incite [in΄sait] v ·ñ·é»É, ¹ñ¹»É, Ññ³Ññ»É.
incertitude [in΄sə:titju:d] n ³Ýíëï³Ñáõ- ËóݻÉ:
ÃÛáõÝ, ³ÝáñáßáõÃÛáõÝ£ incitement [in΄saitmənt] n ¹ñ¹áõÙ, Ññ³-
incessant [in΄sesnt] a ³ÝÁݹѳï, ³Ý¹³- ÑñáõÙ, ËóÝáõÙ. ¹ñ¹³å³ï׳é, ß³ñų-
¹³ñ. ~ complaints/rain ³ÝÁݹѳï μáÕáù- éÇÃ, ËóÝ:
inclinable 424 incomprehensible

incivility [‚insə΄viləti] n ³Ýù³Õ³ù³í³ñáõ- incoherent [‚inkəu΄hiərənt] a ³Ýϳå.


ÃÛáõÝ: ÏóÏïáõñ, ³ÝÑ»ï¨áճϳÝ. The lecture was
inclement [in΄klemənt] a ËÇëï, ë³éÁ, ~ ¸³ë³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÏóÏïáõñ ¿ñ. ~ account
óáõñï. ~ weather óáõñï/ÃËåáï »Õ³Ý³Ï: ³Ýϳå å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ:
inclinable [in΄klainəbl] a ѳÏí³Í, ïñ³- incombustible [‚inkəm΄bΛstəbl] a ³ÝÏÇ-
Ù³¹Çñ: ½»ÉÇ, ã³ÛñíáÕ, Ññ³Ï³ÛáõÝ:
inclination [‚inkli΄nei∫n] n ûùáõÃÛáõÝ. û- income [΄inkΛm] n »Ï³Ùáõï. annual/gross/
ùáõÙ, ûùí³Íù. ѳÏáõÙ, ѳÏí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. net/steady/national ~ ï³ñ»Ï³Ý/ѳٳ˳éÝ/
ó³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ïñ³Ù³¹ñí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. Ù³·- Ù³ùáõñ/Ùßï³Ï³Ý, ѳëï³ïáõÝ/³½·³ÛÇÝ
ÝÇë³Ï³Ý ëɳùÇ ß»ÕáõÙ. the ~ of the roof »Ï³Ùáõï. He can’t live on his ~ ºÏ³ÙáõïÁ ãÇ
ï³ÝÇùÇ Ã»ùáõÃÛáõÝÁ. the ~ of the head ·ÉËÇ μ³í³ñ³ñáõÙ ³åñáõëïÇÝ. live beyond one’s
ß³ñÅáõÙ (ѳí³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ýß³Ý). have/no ~ ~ ßé³ÛÉ ³åñ»É. áõÝ»ó³ÍÇó ³í»ÉÇ Í³Ëë»É.
ѳÏí³Í ÉÇÝ»É/ãÉÇÝ»É. my first ~ ÇÙ ³é³çÇÝ total ~ ѳٳ˳éÝ »Ï³Ùáõï. ~ tax »Ï³-
ÙÇïùÁ/ó³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ. follow one’s ~ Çñ ÙÁï³Ñ³ñÏ. average ~ ÙÇçÇÝ »Ï³Ùáõï. fixed
ѳÏáõÙÝ»ñÇÝ/ó³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ»ï¨»É: ~ Ùßï³Ï³Ý »Ï³Ùáõï: incoming message
incline [in΄klain] n ûù(í)»É, ËáݳñÑ(í)»É ÑÙÏñ·. ëï³óíáÕ Ñ³Õáñ¹³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
The road ~s here ֳݳå³ñÑÁ ûùíáõÙ ¿ incommensurable [‚inkə΄men∫ərəbl] a ³Ý-
³Ûëï»Õ. ~ one’s head/body ·ÉáõËÁ/Ù³ñÙÇÝÁ ѳٳã³÷, ³Ýѳٳã³÷»ÉÇ, ³Ýѳٳå³-
ûù»É. be/feel ~d to ѳÏí³Í ÉÇÝ»É áñ¨¿ ï³ë˳Ý:
μ³ÝÇ. half ~d ѳٳñÛ³ ѳÙá½í³Í. be ~d to incommensurate [‚inkə΄men∫ərət] a ³Ý-
get colds/tiredness ßáõï Ùñë»Éáõ/Ñá·Ý»Éáõ ѳ- ѳٳã³÷, ³Ýѳٳã³÷»ÉÇ. ³Ýѳٳå³-
ÏáõÙ áõݻݳÉ. (ëïÇå»É) ~ smb to think ëïÇ- ï³ë˳Ý, ³Ýã³÷³ÏÇó:
å»É Ùï³Í»É. The news ~s me to change my incommode [‚inkə΄məud] v ³Ýѳݷëï³ó-
mind ²Û¹ ÉáõñÁ ëïÇåáõÙ ¿ ÇÝÓ ÙÇïùë Ý»É, Ý»ÕáõÃÛáõÝ å³ï׳é»É. ˳ݷ³ñ»É:
÷áË»É: incommunicable [‚inkə΄mju:nikəbl] a ³Ý-
include [in΄klu:d] v Ý»ñ³é»É, μáí³Ý¹³Ï»É. ѳÕáñ¹»ÉÇ, ³Ýå³ïÙ»ÉÇ, ³Ý³ë»ÉÇ:
å³ñáõݳϻÉ. ÙïóÝ»É. the programme ~s incommunicative [‚inkə΄mju:nikətiv] a
Íñ³·ÇñÁ Ý»ñ ¿ ³éÝáõÙ. her duties ~ Ýñ³ ³ÝѳÕáñ¹³ë»ñ, ³ÝÙ³ñ¹³Ùáï, ÇÝùݳÙ-
å³ñï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ù»ç ¿ ÙïÝáõÙ. The ÷á÷:
charge is ~d ì³ñÓÁ Ùïóí³Í ¿ (Ý»ñ ¿ incomparable [in΄kɒmpərəbl] a ³ÝÝÙ³Ý,
³éÝí³Í) ~ on the list óáõó³ÏÇ Ù»ç ÙïóÝ»É: ³ÝûñÇݳÏ. ³Ý½áõ·³Ï³Ý:
including [in΄klu:diŋ] prep Ý»ñ³éÛ³É. ÝáõÛÝ incompatible [‚inkəm΄pætəbl] a ³Ýѳٳ-
ÃíáõÙ, ÝáõÛÝ Ãíáõ٠ݳ¨. everybody ~ The ï»Õ»ÉÇ. They are ~ Üñ³Ýù ÉñÇí ï³ñμ»ñ
granny μáÉáñÁ, Ý»ñ³éÛ³É ï³ïÇÏÁ. up to and Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ »Ý, ³Ýѳٳï»Õ»ÉÇ »Ý. activities ~
~ tenth of September ÙÇÝ㨠ë»åï»Ùμ»ñÇ ï³- with ³Ýѳٳï»Õ»ÉÇ ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛáõÝ:
ëÁ Ý»ñ³éÛ³É: incompetence [in΄kɒmpitəns] n ³ÝÇñ³½»-
inclusion [in΄klu:зn] n Ý»ñ³éáõÙ, Ý»ñ÷³- ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ³ÝÓ»éÝѳëáõÃÛáõÝ. gross ~ ³Õ³-
ÏáõÙ: Õ³ÏáÕ ³ÝÇñ³½»ÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
inclusive [in΄klu:siv] a Ý»ñ³éÛ³É, Ý»ñ÷³- incompetent [in΄kɒmpitənt] a ³ÝÇñ³½»Ï,
ÏáÕ, å³ñáõݳÏáÕ. The terms are ~ ²Ù»Ý ÇÝã ³ÝÑÙáõï. Çñ³í. ³ÝÇñ³íáõݳÏ, ³ÝÇñ³-
ÙïÝáõÙ ¿ ·ÝÇ Ù»ç: í³Ñ³ëáõ. an ~ mechanic í³ï/³ÝßÝáñÑù
incognito [in΄kɒgnitəu]1. n Íåïí³Íáõ- ٻ˳ÝÇÏ. She is so ~ àã ÙÇ μ³ÝÇ ÁݹáõݳÏ
ÃÛáõÝ, ÍåïÛ³É ³ÝÓ. 2. adv ÍåïÛ³É, ·³Õï- ãÇ/ßÝáñÑù ãáõÝÇ:
ÝÇ: incomplete [‚inkəm΄pli:t] a å³Ï³ë, ûñÇ,
incognizable [‚inkɒg΄ni:zəbl] a ³ÝÇٳݳ- áã ÉñÇí. ³Ý³í³ñï, ³Ýϳï³ñ, ûñ³Ï³-
ÉÇ, ³Ý׳ݳã»ÉÇ: ï³ñ. an ~ answer áã ÉñÇí å³ï³ë˳Ý. ~
incoherence [‚inkəu΄hiərəns] n ÏóÏïáõñáõ- knowledge ûñÇ ·Çï»ÉÇùÝ»ñ:
ÃÛáõÝ, ³ÝϳåáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ÝÑ»ï¨áճϳÝáõ- incomprehensible [in‚kɒmpri΄hensəbl] a
ÃÛáõÝ: ³ÝѳëϳݳÉÇ, ³ÝÁÙμéÝ»ÉÇ. an ~ message
incomputable 425 incredible

³ÝѳëϳݳÉÇ Ñ³Õáñ¹áõÙ The lecture was ³Ý³é³ñÏ»ÉÇ, ³ÝíÇ׳ñÏ»ÉÇ:


quite ~ ¸³ë³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÉñÇí ³Ýѳëϳ- incontinence [in΄kɒntinəns] n ³ÝÅáõÅϳ-
ݳÉÇ ¿ñ£ ÉáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ý½ëåáõÃÛáõÝ:
incomputable [‚inkəm΄pju:təbl] a ³Ýѳß- incontrovertible [‚inkɒntrə΄və:təbl] a ³Ý-
í»ÉÇ, ³ÝÃÇí, ³Ýѳٳñ: Ñ»ñù»ÉÇ, ³Ý³é³ñÏ»ÉÇ.
inconceivable [‚inkən΄si:vəbl] a ³ÝÁÙμéÝ»- inconvenience [‚inkən΄vi:niəns] n ³Ýѳñ-
ÉÇ, ³Ý»ñ¨³Ï³Û»ÉÇ. ËëÏó. ³Ýѳí³ï³ÉÇ: Ù³ñáõÃÛáõÝ put to /cause ~ Ý»ÕáõÃÛáõÝ å³ï-
inconclusive [‚inkən΄klu:siv] a ³ÝѳÙá½Çã, ׳é»É. It’s a great ~ ¸³ Ù»Í ³ÝѳñÙ³ñáõ-
áã í×é³Ï³Ý/í»ñçݳϳÝ. ~ arguments/evi- ÃÛáõÝ ¿£
dence ³ÝѳÙá½Çã ÷³ëï³ñÏÝ»ñ. ³Ýμ³í³- inconvenient [‚inkən΄vi:niənt] a ³Ýѳñ-
ñ³ñ ³å³óáõÛóÝ»ñ. The investigation was ~ Ù³ñ, ¹Åí³ñÇÝ. ³Ý³ËáñÅ. ³Ýå³ïß³×. an
лï³ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ áã ÙÇ áñáß³ÏÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝù ~ time ³ÝѳñÙ³ñ/³Ýå³ïß³× Å³Ù³Ý³Ï:
ãïí»ó: inconvincible [‚inkən΄vinsəbl] a ãѳÙá½-
incongruity [‚inkəŋ΄gru:əti] n ³Ýѳٳå³- íáÕ, ѳÙá½Ù³Ý ã»ÝóñÏíáÕ:
ï³ë˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ýѳٳï»Õ»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ,
incorporate [in΄kɔ:pərət] a ÙdzóÛ³É, Ùdz-
íáñí³Í£
³Ýï»ÕÇáõÃÛáõÝ£
incongruous [in΄kɒŋgruəs] a ³Ýѳٳå³- incorporate [in΄kɔ:pəreit] v ÙdzݳÉ, Ùdzó-
Ý»É. ³Ý¹³Ù ÁݹáõÝ»É, ϳ½ÙÇ Ù»ç ÁݹáõÝ»É.
ï³ë˳Ý, ³Ýѳٳï»Õ»ÉÇ, ³ÝѻûÃ. an ~
Çñ³í. áñå»ë Çñ³í³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý ³ÝÓ ·ñ³Ý-
place to meet ѳݹÇåÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ³Ýѳٳ-
ó»É:
å³ï³ëË³Ý í³Ûñ. It seems ~ ²Ýѻûà ¿
ÃíáõÙ:
incorporation [in‚kɔ:pə΄rei∫n] n Ùdzíá-
ñáõÙ, ÙÇáõÃÛáõÝ:
inconsecutive [‚inkən΄sekjutiv] a ³ÝÑ»- incorporeal [‚inkɔ:΄pɔ:riəl] a ³ÝÝÛáõó-
ï¨áճϳÝ:
ϳÝ, ³ÝÙ³ñÙÇÝ, ³ÝÇñ»Õ»Ý:
inconsequence [in΄kɒnsikwəns] n ³ÝÑ»- incorrect [‚inkə΄rekt] a ³Ý×Çßï, ë˳É. an ~
ï¨áճϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
answer áã ×Çßï/ëË³É å³ï³ë˳Ý. ~ be-
inconsequent [in΄kɒnsikwənt] a ³ÝÑ»- haviour ³Ýù³Õ³ù³í³ñÇ í³ñí»É³Ï»ñå:
ï¨áճϳÝ, ³Ýïñ³Ù³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý: incorrigible [in΄kɒridзəbl] a ³ÝáõÕÕ»ÉÇ. an
inconsiderable [‚inkən΄sidərəbl] a ³ÝÝß³Ý, ~ liar ³ÝáõÕÕ»ÉÇ ëï³Ëáë. an ~ smoker ÙáÉÇ/
ãÝãÇÝ, áã ¿³Ï³Ý: Ãáõݹ ÍËáÕ. You’re ~ ËëÏó. ¸áõ å³ñ-
inconsiderate [‚inkən΄sidərət] a ³Ýáõß³- ½³å»ë ³ÝáõÕÕ»ÉÇ »ë:
¹Çñ, ãÙï³Íí³Í, ³ÝËáÑ»Ù. ~ to smn ³Ýáõ- incorruptible [‚inkə΄rΛptəbl] a ³Ýϳ߳é,
ß³¹Çñ Ù»ÏÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ: ³Ýϳ߳é»ÉÇ:
inconsistence [‚inkən΄sistəns] n ³ÝÑ»ï¨á- increase [΄inkri:s] n ³×, ³×áõÙ. marked/
ճϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ³Ýѳٳï»ÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ in sharp/steady/slight/sudden ~ Ýϳï»ÉÇ/
the article ѳϳëáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ Ñá¹í³ÍáõÙ: ÏïñáõÏ/ѳëï³ïáõÝ/³ÝÝß³Ý/ѳÝϳñͳ-
inconsistent [‚inkən΄sistənt] a ³ÝÑ»ï¨á- ÏÇ ³×. ~ in prices/wages/population ·Ý»ñÇ/
ճϳÝ, ѳϳë³Ï³Ý ~ data ѳϳë³Ï³Ý ³ß˳ï³í³ñÓÇ/μݳÏãáõÃÛ³Ý ³× be on the
÷³ëï»ñ/ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ~ arguments ѳ- ~ ³×»É. Crime is on the ~ гÝó³·áñÍáõ-
ϳë³Ï³Ý ÷³ëï³ñÏÝ»ñ. an ~ time ³Ýѳñ- ÃÛáõÝÝ ³×áõÙ ¿:
Ù³ñ ųٳݳÏ. a very ~ work ³ÝϳÛáõÝ increase [in΄kri:s] v ³×»É, ٻͳݳÉ, ³í»-
³ß˳ï³Ýù: ɳݳÉ, μ³ñÓñ³Ý³É. ~ speed ³ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝÁ
inconsolable [‚inkən΄səuləbl] a ³ÝÙËÇó- ³í»É³óÝ»É. ~ cost/size/quantity/value ÇÝùÝ-
ñ»ÉÇ, ³Ýë÷á÷»ÉÇ: ³ñÅ»ùÁ/ã³÷ë»ñÁ/ù³Ý³ÏÁ/³ñÅ»ùÁ μ³ñÓ-
inconspicuous [‚inkən΄spikjuəs] a ³ÝÝϳ- ñ³óÝ»É. My weight has ~d ø³ßë ³í»É³ó»É ¿:
ï»ÉÇ, ³ÝÝßÙ³ñ»ÉÇ, ³ãùÇ ãÁÝÏÝáÕ. ~ against increasing [in΄kri:siŋ] a ³×áÕ, ³í»É³óáÕ.
the dark ³ÝÝßÙ³ñ»ÉÇ Ùáõà ýáÝÇ íñ³: ѳñ³×áõÝ, áõŻճóáÕ:
inconstant [in΄kɒnstənt] a ÷á÷á˳ϳÝ, incredibility [in‚kredə΄biləti] n ³Ýѳí³-
³ÝϳÛáõÝ£ ï³ÉÇ/³Ýѳí³Ý³Ï³Ý ÉÇÝ»ÉÁ. ³Ýѳí³Ý³-
incontestable [‚inkən΄testəbl] a ³ÝíÇ×»ÉÇ, ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
incredulity 426 indemnity

incredible [in΄kredəbl] a ³Ýѳí³ï³ÉÇ, ÉÇÝ»É. eternally ~ ѳí»ñÅ »ñ³Ëï³å³ñï:


³Ýѳí³Ý³Ï³Ý. to an ~ degree ³Ýѳí³Ý³- indecency [in΄di:snsi] n ³Ýå³ïß³×áõ-
ϳÝáõÃÛ³Ý ³ëïÇ׳ÝÇ: ÃÛáõÝ, ³Ýå³ñÏ»ßïáõÃÛáõÝ:
incredulity [‚inkrə΄dju:ləti] n ³Ýíëï³Ñáõ- indecent [in΄di:snt] a ³Ýå³ñÏ»ßï, ³Ý-
ÃÛáõÝ, ϳëϳͳÙïáõÃÛáõÝ ~ in/with ³Ý- í³Û»É. ³Ýå³ïß³×. ~ language ѳÛÑáÛ³Ýù-
íëï³ÑáõÃÛ³Ùμ, ϳëϳͳÙïáñ»Ý: Ý»ñ. ~ behaviour ³Ýå³ñÏ»ßï í³ñù³·ÇÍ:
incredulous [in΄kredjuləs] a ϳëϳÍáï, indecipherable [‚indi΄saifərəbl] a ³Ýí»ñ-
ϳëϳͳÙÇï, ûñ³Ñ³í³ï: ͳݻÉÇ. an ~ code ³Ýí»ñͳݻÉÇ Í³Íϳ-
increment [΄inkrimənt] n ³×, ß³Ñ, ß³ÑáõÛÃ. ·Çñ. ~ hand writing ³ÝÁÝûéÝ»ÉÇ Ó»é³·Çñ.
³×áõÙ, ٻͳóáõÙ, ³í»É³óáõÙ. an ~ in salary indecision [‚indi΄siзn] n ³Ýí×é³Ï³Ýáõ-
³ß˳ï³í³ñÓÇ ³×. an ~ of ³í»É³óáõÙ: ÃÛáõÝ:
incriminate [in΄krimineit] v Çñ³í. Ù»Õ³¹- indecisive [‚indi΄saisiv] a ³Ýí×é³Ï³Ý. ï³-
ñ»É, íݳë»É. ~ an offense ѳÝó³ÝùÇ/ûñÇݳ- ï³ÝíáÕ. ³Ýáñáß. ãí×éí³Í. an ~ answer
½³ÝóáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç Ù»Õ³¹ñ»É. The evidence ³Ýáñáß å³ï³Ë³Ý. His manner was ~ ܳ
might ~ him òáõóÙáõÝùÁ ϳñáÕ ¿ñ Ýñ³Ý Çñ»Ý ³Ýí×é³Ï³Ý ¿ñ å³ÑáõÙ. ~ evidence
íݳë»É: ³ÝѳÙá½Çã ³å³óáõÛó. The battle was ~
incriminatory [in΄kriminətəri] a Ù»Õ³¹ñ³- ֳϳï³Ù³ñïÁ í×éáñáß ã¿ñ:
ϳÝ: indeclinable [‚indi΄klainəbl] a ù»ñ. ãÑáÉáí-
incrustation [‚inkrΛs΄tei∫n] n Ý»ñ¹ñí³·. íáÕ, ãûùíáÕ:
¹ñí³·³½³ñ¹: indecorous [in΄dekərəs] a ³Ýå³ïß³×, ³Ý-
incubate [΄inkjubeit] v ÃáõËë Ýëï»É, ×áõï μ³ñ»í³Û»Éáõã. ³Ýí³Û»É. ³Ý׳߳Ï:
ѳݻÉ. ³×»óÝ»É, μ³½Ù³óÝ»É: indeed [in΄di:d]1. adv Çëϳå»ë. Çñáù. He
incubation [‚inkju΄bei∫n] n ÃáõËë Ýëï»ÉÁ, was ~ a remarkable man ܳ Çñáù Ññ³ß³ÉÇ
×áõï ѳݻÉÁ. μÅßÏ. ÇÝÏáõμ³óÇáÝ ßñç³Ý: Ù³ñ¹ ¿ñ. It is very kind ~ ¸³ Çëϳå»ë Ù»Í
incubator [΄inkjubeitə] n ÃËë³Ñ³Ý/×ï³- μ³ñ»Ñ³×áõÃÛáõÝ ¿. 2. int I~ ? ØDZû:
Ñ³Ý Ù»ù»Ý³, ÇÝÏáõμ³ïáñ: indefatigable [‚indi΄fætigəbl] a ³ÝËáÝç,
inculcate [΄inkΛlkeit] v ÙïùáõÙ ïå³íáñ»É. ãÑá·ÝáÕ:
ѳÕáñ¹»É, Ý»ñßÝã»É. ~ ideas in smb Ùïù»ñ. indefeasible [‚indi΄fi:zəbl] a ³Ý˳Ëï»ÉÇ,
·³Õ³÷³ñÝ»ñ Ý»ñßÝã»É: ³ÝËáñï³Ï»ÉÇ:
incumbent [in΄kΛmbənt] a ×ÝßáÕ, ͳÝñ³- indefensible [‚indi΄fensəbl] a ³Ýå³ßï-
óáÕ. å³ñï³¹Çñ. It is ~ upon me/on you ÆÙ å³Ý. å³ßïå³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ áã åÇï³-
å³ñïùÝ ¿, Ó»ñ å³ñïùÝ ¿: ÝÇ:
incunabula [‚inkju΄næbjulə] n ÍÝáõݹ, indefinable [‚indi΄fainəbl] a ³Ýáñáß»ÉÇ. an
ëϽμݳíáñáõÙ, ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý í³Õ ßñç³Ý: ~ charm ³Ýáñáß»ÉÇ ÑÙ³Ûù:
incur [in΄kə:] v ³é³ç³óÝ»É, ³é³ç μ»ñ»É. indefinite [in΄defənət] a ³Ýáñáß, ³Ýë³ÑÙ³-
å³ñïùÇ ï³Ï ÁÝÏÝ»É, å³ñïù»ñ ³Ý»É. ~ ݳ÷³Ï. He was very ~ about it ܳ áã ÙÇ
wrath/displeasure Çñ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ ½³ÛñáõÛÃ/ áñáß³ÏÇ μ³Ý ã³ë»ó ³Û¹ Ù³ëÇÝ. ~ article
¹Å·áÑáõÃÛáõÝ Ñ³ñáõó»É/³é³ç³óÝ»É. (íݳë ù»ñ. ³Ýáñáß Ñá¹:
Ïñ»É) ~ heavy losses ͳÝñ/Ù»Í ÏáñáõëïÝ»ñ indefinitely [in΄defənətli] adv It can go on ~
Ïñ»É. ~ debts å³ñïù»ñ ³Ý»É. ~ a penalty ¸³ ϳñáÕ ¿ ³Ýí»ñç ß³ñáõݳÏí»É. postpone
ïáõ·³ÝùÇ »ÝóñÏí»É: ~ ³Ýáñáß Å³Ù³Ý³Ïáí Ñ»ï³Ó·»É:
incurable [in΄kjuərəbl] n ³ÝμáõÅ»ÉÇ. ³Ý- indelible [in΄deləbl] a ãÉí³óíáÕ, ãÙ³ùñíáÕ.
áõÕÕ»ÉÇ. ~ disease ³ÝμáõÅ»ÉÇ ÑÇí³Ý¹áõ- ÷Ëμ. ³ÝçÝç»ÉÇ, ³ÝÙáé³Ý³ÉÇ. an ~ impres-
ÃÛáõÝ. ~ optimist ³ÝáõÕÕ»ÉÇ É³í³ï»ë: sion ³ÝçÝç»ÉÇ ïå³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ shame
incurved [‚in΄kə:vd] a ·á·³íáñ, ¹»åÇ Ý»ñë ãÙ³ùñíáÕ Ë³Ûï³é³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ pencils/ink
Ïáñ³ó³Í: ùÇÙÇ³Ï³Ý Ù³ïÇï/óݳù:
indebted [in΄detid] a å³ñïù»ñÇ Ù»ç ÁÝ- indelicacy [in΄delikəsi] n ³ÝÝñμ³Ýϳ-
ϳÍ. å³ñï³Ï³Ý, »ñ³Ëï³å³ñï. be ~ for ïáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ýï³ÏïáõÃÛáõÝ:
smth áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ »ñ³Ëï³å³ñï indelicate [in΄delikət] a ³ÝÝñμ³Ýϳï, ³Ý-
indent 427 indignantly

ï³Ïï: íÏ³Û»É íÇñ³Ñ³ïáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇÝ. These fig-


indemnity [in΄demnəti] n Çñ³í. ѳïáõ- ures ~ ²Ûë Ãí»ñÁ íϳÛáõÙ »Ý. The needle ~s
óáõÙ, ÷áËѳïáõóáõÙ. ѳïáõóÙ³Ý »ñ³ß- speed êɳùÁ ³ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝ ¿ óáõÛó ï³ÉÇë.
˳íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. é½Ù. é³½Ù³ïáõ·³Ýù: ~d on the map ù³ñï»½Ç íñ³ Ýßí³Í:
indent [in΄dent] v ³ï³ÙݳӨ Ïïñí³Íù indicated [΄indikeitid] a ï»Ë. ·áñÍÇùÝ»ñÇ
³Ý»É. an ~ed coastline Ïïñïí³Í ³÷³·ÇÍ. óáõÛó ïí³Í:
(å³Ñ³Ýç³·Çñ/å³ïí»ñ Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É) ~ indication [‚indi΄kei∫n] n ÝßáõÙ, óáõóáõÙ,
for goods ³åñ³ÝùÇ å³ïí»ñ ³Ý»É. ~ the óáõóÙáõÝù. μÅßÏ. Ýß³Ý. ³Ëï³ÝÇß. ѳï-
first line ïå·ñ. ³é³çÇÝ ïáÕÁ å³ñμ»ñáõ- ϳÝÇß. ~of change ÷á÷áËáõÃÛ³Ý Ýß³ÝÝ»ñ:
ÃÛáõÝÇó ëÏë»É: indicative [in΄dikətiv] n ѳïϳÝ߳ϳÝ,
indention [in΄den∫n] n ïå·ñ., ÑÙÏñ·. Ý»ñëÇ μÝáñáß. be ~ of smth áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ Ù³ëÇÝ íϳ-
ïáÕ³·ÉáõË: Û»É. ~ mood ù»ñ. ë³ÑÙ³Ý³Ï³Ý »Õ³Ý³Ï:
independence [‚indi΄pendəns] n ³ÝϳËáõ- indicator [΄indikeitə] n óáõóÇã, ѳßíÇã,
ÃÛáõÝ, ÇÝùÝáõñáõÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ: ëɳù. The ~ is on òáõóÇãÁ Ùdzóñ³Í ¿:
independent [‚indi΄pendənt] a ³ÝϳË. indicatory [in΄dikətəri] a óáõó³Ï³Ý, ÝßáÕ:
ÇÝùÝáõñáõÛÝ. ~ country/state ³ÝÏ³Ë »ñÏÇñ/ indict [in΄dait] v Ù»Õ³¹ñ³Ýù Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É.
Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝ (ÇÝùÝáõñáõÛÝ). ~ opinion/ac- Ù»Õ³¹ñ»É. He was ~ed ܳ Ù»Õ³¹ñí»ó:
tion/organization ÇÝùÝáõñáõÛÝ Ï³ñÍÇù/·áñÍá- indictable [in΄daitəbl] a Çñ³í, ¹³ï³Ï³Ý
ÕáõÃÛáõÝ/ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝ£ Ñ»ï³åÝ¹Ù³Ý »Ýóϳ, an ~ offense
indescribable [‚indi΄skraibəbl] a ³ÝÝϳ- ùñ»³Ï³Ý ѳÝó³Ýù:
ñ³·ñ»ÉÇ: indictment [in΄daitmənt] n Ù»Õ³¹ñ³Ï³Ý
indestructible [‚indi΄strΛktəbl] a ³ÝËáñ- ³Ïï. The play is an ~ ÷Ëμ. Ü»ñϳ۳óáõÙÁ
ï³Ï»ÉÇ, ³Ý˳Ëï»ÉÇ: Ù»Õ³¹ñ³Ýù ¿ ѳݹÇë³ÝáõÙ. file an ~ Ù»-
Õ³¹ñ³Ýù ³é³ç³¹ñ»É:
indeterminable [‚indi΄tə:minəbl] a ³Ýáñá-
ß»ÉÇ:
indifference [in΄difrəns] n ³Ýï³ñμ»ñáõ-
ÃÛáõÝ. show ~ ³Ýï³ñμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ óáõó³μ»-
indeterminate [‚indi΄tə:minət] a ³Ýáñáß,
ñ»É:
³Ýå³ñ½. ãí×éí³Í:
indetermination [΄indi‚tə:mi΄nei∫n] n ³Ýá- indifferent [in΄difrənt] a ³Ýï³ñμ»ñ, ³Ýϳ-
ñ¨áñ, ³ÝÝß³Ý. ÙÇç³Ï. ~ look/audience/an-
ñáßáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ýå³ñ½áõÃÛáõÝ:
swer ³Ýï³ñμ»ñ ѳ۳óù/ѳݹÇë³ï»ë/
index [΄indeks] n Çݹ»ùë, ¹³ëÇã, óáõóÇã. å³ï³ë˳Ý. be ~ to ³Ýï³ñμ»ñ ÉÇÝ»É. be
óáõó³ÝÇß. ëɳù. ~ map ϳ¹³ëïñ. ~ num-
~ to danger íï³Ý·Á μ³ÝÇ ï»Õ ã¹Ý»É/³ñѳ-
ber ¹³ëÇã, Ñ»ñÃ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ. ~ finger óáõ-
Ù³ñÑ»É. It is ~ to me ÆÝÓ Ñ³Ù³ñ Ýß³-
ó³Ù³ï. price ~ ·Ý»ñÇ óáõó³Ï:
ݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ ãáõÝÇ. an ~ pianist/actor ÙÇç³Ï
index [΄indeks] v ó³ÝÏ/óáõó³Ï ϳ½Ù»É. ¹³ßݳϳѳñ/¹»ñ³ë³Ý:
ó³ÝÏÇ/óáõó³ÏÇ Ù»ç ÙïóÝ»É. ~ a word μ³éÁ indigence [΄indidзəns] n ϳñÇù, ³Õù³ïáõ-
ó³ÝÏÇ Ù»ç ÙïóÝ»É. ÑÙÏñ·. Çݹ»ùë³íá- ÃÛáõÝ, μ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ:
ñáõÙ. ~ error Çݹ»ùë³íáñÙ³Ý ë˳É. ~ list indigene [΄indidзi:n] n ï»Õ³óÇ, μÝÇÏ:
Çݹ»ùëÝ»ñÇ óáõó³Ï. ~ addressing Çݹ»ù- indigenous [in΄didзənəs] a ï»Õ³Ï³Ý, μÝÇÏ,
ë³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ëó»³íáñáõÙ: μݳÍÇÝ:
Indian [΄indiən] n ÑݹÇÏ, ÑݹϳóÇ. ϳñÙ- indigested [‚indi΄dзestid] a ãÙ³ñëí³Í (Ï»ñ³-
ñ³ÙáñÃ. Red ~ ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý Ï³ñÙñ³Ùáñà Ïáõñ). ÷Ëμ, ɳí ãÙï³Íí³Í, ãÛáõñ³óí³Í:
ÑݹϳóÇ. in ~ file ÷Ëμ. ß³ñ³Ý-ß³ñ³Ý, indigestible [‚indi΄dзestəbl] a ³Ý¹Ûáõñ³-
ß³ñùáí. an ~ summer áõß ³Ù³é: Ù³ñë, ¹Åí³ñ³Ù³ñë:
indiarubber [‚indiə΄rΛbə] n ϳáõãáõÏ. indigestion [‚indi΄dзest∫ən] n ³ÝÙ³ñëáÕáõ-
é»ïÇÝ (çÝç»Éáõ): ÃÛáõÝ, Ù³ñëáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ë³Ý·³ñáõÙ. a touch
indicate [΄indikeit] v Ýß»É, Ù³ïݳÝß»É. of ~ ëï³ÙáùëÇ Ã»Ã¨ ˳ݷ³ñáõÙ:
óáõÛó ï³É. ~ temperature/pressure óáõÛó ï³É indignant [in΄dignənt] a íñ¹áíí³Í, ½³Ûñ³-
ç»ñÙ³ëïÇ׳ÝÁ/×ÝßáõÙÁ. He ~d that... ܳ ó³Í. be ~ with smb Ù»ÏÇ íñ³ ½³Ûñ³ó³Í/
Ù³ïݳÝß»ó, áñ... (íϳۻÉ) ~ an operation íñ¹áíí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. make smn ~ ½³Ûñ³óÝ»É,
indignation 428 indomitable

íñ¹áí»É. get ~ ½³Ûñ³Ý³É, íñ¹áíí»É: í³ï ½·³É. ³Ýïñ³Ù³¹Çñ ÉÇÝ»É. be ~d to


indignantly [in΄dignəntli] adv ½³ÛñáõÛÃáí, help ѳÏí³Í ãÉÇÝ»É û·Ý»É:
íñ¹áíí³Í: indisposition [‚indispə΄zi∫n] n ïϳñáõ-
indignation [‚indig΄nei∫n] n íñ¹áíÙáõÝù, ÃÛáõÝ, ÃáõÉáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ýïñ³Ù³¹Çñ ÉÇÝ»ÉÁ:
½³ÛñáõÛÃ. be full of ~ ½³ÛñáõÛÃáí ÉÇ. contain indisputable [‚indis΄pju:təbl] a ³ÝíÇ׳ñ-
one’s ~ ½³ÛñáõÛÃÁ ½ëå»É. arouse ~ ½³ÛñáõÛà ϻÉÇ, ³ÝíÇ×»ÉÇ:
³é³ç³óÝ»É: indissoluble [‚indi΄sɒljubl] a ³Ýù³Ïï»ÉÇ,
indignit/y [in΄dignəti] n íÇñ³íáñ³Ýù, ³ñ- ³Ý˳Ëï. ~ contract ³Ýù³Ïï»ÉÇ å³ÛÙ³-
ѳٳñѳÝù. ëïáñ³óáõÙ. be subjected to ~ ݳ·Çñ:
ies ëïáñ³óÝ»É, ³ñѳٳñÑ³Ï³Ý í»ñ³- indistinct [‚indi΄stiŋkt] a ³Ýå³ñ½, ³Ýáñáß.
μ»ñÙáõÝù óáõÛó ï³É: ³Ýå³ñ½³ÑáõÝã. ~ muttering ³Ýå³ñ½³-
indirect [‚ində΄rekt] a ³ÝáõÕÕ³ÏÇ, ÏáÕÙݳ- ÑáõÝã ùñÃÙÝçáó. ~ recollections ³Õáï ÑÇßá-
ÏÇ. ß»Õ, ûù, áã áõÕÇÕ. an ~ answer/route Ëáõ- ÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ:
ë³÷áÕ³Ï³Ý å³ï³ë˳Ý. ½³ñïáõÕÇ ×³- indistinctive [‚indi΄stiŋktiv] a áã μÝá-
ݳå³ñÑ. ~ taxes/evidence ÏáÕÙݳÏÇ Ñ³ñÏ. ñáß/ѳïϳÝ߳ϳÝ:
³ÝáõÕÕ³ÏÇ ³å³óáõÛó. an ~ approach ÷Ëμ. indistinguishable [‚indi΄stiŋgwi∫əbl] a ³Ý-
½³ñïáõÕÇ ×³Ý³å³ñÑÝ»ñ. ù»ñ. ~ question ½³Ý³½³Ý»ÉÇ, ³ÝÝßÙ³ñ»ÉÇ They are ~ from
³ÝáõÕÕ³ÏÇ Ñ³ñó: each other Üñ³Ýó ³ÝÑݳñ ¿ ÙÇÙÛ³ÝóÇó
indirectly [‚ində΄rektli] adv ³ÝáõÕÕ³ÏÇáñ»Ý, ï³ñμ»ñ»É:
³ÝáõÕÕ³ÏÇ Ï»ñåáí. answer ~ Ëáõë³÷áÕ³- individual [‚indi΄vidзuəl] n ³Ýѳï, ³ÝÓ,
Ï³Ý å³ï³ëË³Ý ï³É. hear smth ~ ï»Õ»- ³ÝÓݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ. ýǽÇÏ³Ï³Ý ³ÝÓ. Ï»Ýë.
Ï³Ý³É áã ³ÝÙÇç³Ï³Ý ³ÕμÛáõñÝ»ñÇó: ³é³ÝÓÝÛ³Ï, ³Ýѳï. the role of the ~ ³Ýѳ-
indiscernible [‚indi΄sə:nəbl] a ³ÝÝϳï»ÉÇ, ïÇ ¹»ñÁ. the right of the ~ ³ÝѳïÇ Çñ³-
³ÝÝßÙ³ñ»ÉÇ: íáõÝùÝ»ñÁ a cheerful ~ áõñ³Ë Ù³ñ¹. a strange-
indiscipline [in΄disəplin] n ³Ýϳñ·³å³- looking ~ ï³ñûñÇÝ³Ï ï»ëùáí Ù³ñ¹:
ÑáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ýϳñ·áõÃÛáõÝ: individual [‚indi΄vidзuəl] a ³Ýѳï³Ï³Ý,
indiscreet [‚indi΄skri:t] a ³Ýѳٻëï, ³ÝÓݳϳÝ. ~ style/manner/characteristics ³Ý-
ãÙï³Íí³Í, ³Ý½·áõÛß. an ~ remark ³Ýѳ- ѳï³Ï³Ý á×/í³ñí»É³Ó¨/³é³ÝÓݳѳï-
Ù»ëï/³ÝËáѻ٠³ÏݳñÏ£ ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. ~ attitude/attention ³Ýѳï³-
indiscretion [‚indi΄skrei∫n] n ³ÝËáÑ»Ùáõ- Ï³Ý Ùáï»óáõÙ/í»ñ³μ»ñÙáõÝù public ~
ÃÛáõÝ, ³Ý½·áõßáõÃÛáõÝ. μ»ñ³Ýμ³óáõÃÛáõÝ. å³ßïáݳï³ñ ³ÝÓ. for ~ use ³Ýѳï³-
be sacked for ~ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇó Ñ»é³óÝ»É Ï³Ý û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ. (³é³ÝÓÇÝ,
μ»ñ³Ýμ³óáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ: Ù³ëݳÏÇ) each ~ word/person/tree Ûáõñ³-
indiscriminate [‚indi΄skriminət] a ³Ýå³- ù³ÝãÛáõñ ³é³ÝÓÇÝ μ³é/³Ýѳï/ͳé£
ѳÝçÏáï, ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝ ãϳï³ñáÕ, individualist [‚indi΄vidзuəlist] n ³Ýѳï³-
ËïñáõÃÛáõÝ ã¹ÝáÕ. ~ reader ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝ å³ßï, ÇݹÇíǹáõ³ÉÇëï:
ã¹ÝáÕ ÁÝûñóáÕ, ϳñ¹³É ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã ³é³Ýó individuality [‚individзu΄æləti] n ³Ýѳï³-
ËïñáõÃÛ³Ý. ~ choice ³é³Ýó ËïñáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÁÝïñ»É. ~ of friends áõÙ Ñ»ï ³ë»ë ÁÝÏ»- indivisibility [‚indivizə΄biləti] n ³Ýμ³Å³-
ñáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É. ~ weapons ˳éÁ ½»Ýù: Ý»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ:
indiscriminately [‚indi΄skriminətli] adv indivisible [‚indi΄vizəbl] n ³Ýμ³Å³Ý»ÉÇ,
³é³Ýó Ëïñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý. hit out ~ áõñ ³Ýë³ÑÙ³Ý ÷áùñ:
³ë»ë Ë÷»É. blame ~ áõÙ ³ë»ë Ù»Õ³¹ñ»É: indocile [in΄dəusail] a ³ÝÑݳ½³Ý¹, Ëáëù
indispensable [‚indi΄spensəbl] a ³ÝÑñ³- ãÉëáÕ:
Å»ßï, ³Ý÷á˳ñÇÝ»ÉÇ. å³ñï³¹Çñ. Your indoctrinate [in΄dɒktrineit] v áõëáõó³Ý»É
presence is ~ Ò»ñ Ý»ñϳÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ ³ÝÑñ³- (áñ¨¿ ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ). ~ strange ideas
Å»ßï ¿/å³ñï³¹Çñ ¿: ï³ñûñÇÝ³Ï Ùïù»ñ áõëáõó³Ý»É:
indispose [‚indi΄spəuz] v ïϳñ/ÃáõÛÉ/ÑÇ- indolence [΄indələns] n ÍáõÉáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ý·áñ-
í³Ý¹ íÇ׳ÏáõÙ ÉÇÝ»É. be ~d ïϳñ ÉÇÝ»É, ÍáõÃÛáõÝ£
indoor 429 inequality

indolent [΄indələnt] a ÍáõÛÉ, ³Ý·áñÍ. μÅßÏ. tion/goods/output ³ñ¹Ûáõݳμ»ñ³Ï³Ý ßñç³Ý,


ó³í ãå³ï׳éáÕ, ³Ýó³í: /óáõó³Ñ³Ý¹»ë/³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñ/ÃáÕ³ñÏáõÙ. ~
indomitable [in΄dɒmitəbl] a ³Ýë³ÝÓ»ÉÇ, relations ³ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ñ³μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ-
³ÝѳÕûÉÇ, ѳٳé. ~ will ³Ýë³ÝÓ»ÉÇ/ ѳ- Ý»ñ. ~ training/insurance ³ñï³¹ñ³Ï³Ý áõ-
Ù³é ϳÙù. ~ courage ³ÝѳÕûÉÇ Ëǽ³Ëáõ- ëáõóáõÙ/³å³Ñáí³·ñáõÙ. an ~ accident
ÃÛáõÝ: ¹Åμ³Ëï å³ï³Ñ³ñ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳμ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý
indoor [‚in΄dɔ:] a Ý»ñëÇ, ë»ÝÛ³ÏÇ. ~ games Ù»ç:
Ý»ñëÇ/ë»Ý۳ϳÛÇÝ/÷³Ï ï³ñ³ÍùÇ Ë³Õ»ñ. industrialist [in΄dΛstriəlist] n ³ñ¹Ûáõݳμ»-
~ plants ë»Ý۳ϳÛÇÝ μáõÛë»ñ. ~ sport ÷³Ï/ ñáÕ (Ù³ñ¹):
Ý»ñë³ÛÇÝ Ù³ñ½³Ë³Õ»ñ/ëåáñï. an ~ industrious [in΄dΛstriəs] a ³ß˳ï³ë»ñ,
swimming pool ÷³Ï ÉáÕ³í³½³Ý: ç³Ý³ë»ñ:
indoors [‚in΄dɔ:z] adv Ý»ñëÁ, ß»ÝùÇ/ï³Ý industry [΄indəstri] n ³ñ¹Ûáõݳμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ.
Ù»ç. stay ~ ï³ÝÁ ÙݳÉ, ¹áõñë ã·³É, The rain basic/heavy ~ ͳÝñ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ.
kept us ~ ²ÝÓñ¨Ç å³ï׳éáí ï³ÝÇó ¹áõñë branch of ~ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳμ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ×ÛáõÕ. do-
ã»Ï³Ýù: mestique, handicraft ~ ïݳÛݳ·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ.
indraught [΄indra:ft] n Ý»ñÑáë, Ý»ñÑáëáõÙ: key ~ ³é³ç³ï³ñ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ.
indubitable [in΄dju:bitəbl] a ³ÝϳëϳÍ, home ~ ѳÛñ»Ý³Ï³Ý ³ñ¹Ûáõݳμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ
³Ýï³ñ³ÏáõÛë: light ~ ûè ³ñ¹Ûáõݳμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. cottage in-
induce [in΄dju:s] v ¹ñ¹»É, ѳÙá½»É. ëïÇå»É. dustries ³ñÑ»ëïÝ»ñ:
That ~d me to ²Û¹ μ³ÝÁ ÇÝÓ ¹ñ¹»ó. (Ëó- inebriate [i΄ni:briət] 1. n ѳñμ»óáÕ, ·ÇÝ»-
Ý»É, ³é³ç³óÝ»É) ~ eletricity ¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³- ÙáÉ. 2. a ѳñμ³Í, ËÙ³Í:
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ³é³ç³óÝ»É. ~ doubt/illness ϳë- inedible [in΄edəbl] a áõï»Éáõ ѳٳñ ³Ý-
ϳÍ/ ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝ ³é³ç³óÝ»É. ~ labour å»ïù/ áã åÇï³ÝÇ:
μÅßÏ. ÍÝݹ³μ»ñáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ËóݻÉ. (ѻ層ó- ineffable [in΄efəbl] a ³Ý³ë»ÉÇ, ³Ýå³ïÙ»-
Ý»É, ³ñï³Í»É) ~ the rule ϳÝáÝ ³ñï³Í»É, ÉÇ:
ѻ層óÝ»É. ~ from given facts ïñí³Í ÷³u- ineffaceable [‚ini΄feisəbl] a ³ÝçÝç»ÉÇ, ³Ý-
ï»ñÇ ÑÇÙ³Ý íñ³ »½ñ³Ï³óÝ»É: Ùáé³Ý³ÉÇ:
inducement [in΄dju:smənt] n ¹ñ¹áõÙ, ¹ñ¹³- ineffective [‚ini΄fektiv] a ³Ý³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï.
å³ï׳é, ËóÝ. as an ~ to work áñå»ë ãÝ»ñ·áñÍáÕ, ³Ýû·áõï. ³ÝÁݹáõݳÏ. an ~
³ß˳ï»Éáõ ËóÝ: person ³ÝÁݹáõݳÏ/³ÝßÝáñÑù Ù³ñ¹. ~
indue [in΄dju:] v ûÅï»É, ßÝáñÑ»É: measures ³Ýû·áõï, ³Ý³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï ÙÇ-
indulge [in΄dΛldз] v »ñ»ë ï³É, Ý»ñáÕ³ÙÇï çáóÝ»ñ:
ÉÇÝ»É. ß÷³óÝ»É. ~ the child/the child’s whims ineffectual [‚ini΄fekt∫uəl] a ³å³ñ¹ÛáõÝ,
(»ñ»Ë³ÛÇÝ) »ñ»ë ï³É. Ëñ³Ëáõë»É (»ñ»- ³Ýѻ勉Ýù:
˳ÛÇ) μáÉáñ ùٳѳ×áõÛùÝ»ñÁ. ~ in a long lie inefficiency [‚ini΄fi∫nsi] n ³ÝÁݹáõݳÏáõ-
on Sundays ÏÇñ³ÏÇ ûñ»ñÁ Çñ»Ý ÃáõÛÉ ï³É ÃÛáõÝ, ³ÝϳñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ³ÝÑÙïáõÃÛáõÝ:
»ñϳñ å³éÏ»É. ~ too much ã³÷Çó ³í»ÉÇ inefficient [‚ini΄fi∫nt] a ³å³ñ¹ÛáõÝ. ³ÝÑ»-
ï³ñí»É (ËÙÇãùáí): 勉Ýù. ³Ý³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï. ~ methods ³Ý-
indulgence [in΄dΛldзəns] n Ý»ñáÕ³Ùïáõ- ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñ. ~ machines í³ï
ÃÛáõÝ. »ñ»ë ï³ÉÁ. treat smn with ~ Ý»ñáÕ³- ³ß˳ïáÕ ë³ñù»ñ/Ù»ù»Ý³Ý»ñ:
Ùï³μ³ñ í»ñ³μ»ñí»É Ù»ÏÇÝ. Sweets are my ineligible [in΄elidзəbl] a ³Ýѳٳå³ïë-
one ~ ø³Õóñ»Õ»ÝÁ ÇÙ ÙÇ³Ï μ³í³Ï³Ýáõ- ˳Ý. áã åÇï³ÝÇ. ÁÝïñ»Éáõ Çñ³íáõÝù ãáõ-
ÃÛáõÝÝ ¿: Ý»óáÕ. He is ~ to vote ܳ ÁÝïñ»Éáõ Çñ³-
indulgent [in΄dΛldзənt] a Ý»ñáÕ³ÙÇï, íáõÝù ãáõÝÇ. ~ for unemployment ·áñͳ-
½ÇçáÕ, ѳݹáõñÅáÕ. »ñ»ë ïíáÕ. ~ parents ½ñÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ýå³ëïÇ Çñ³íáõÝù ãáõݻݳÉ:
Ý»ñáÕ³ÙÇï ÍÝáÕÝ»ñ. an ~ boss ½ÇçáÕ å»ï. inept [i΄nept] a ³ÝѳñÙ³ñ, ³Ýå³ï»Ñ, ÑÇ-
an ~ husband »ñ»ë ïíáÕ ³ÙáõëÇÝ: Ù³ñ:
industrial [in΄dΛstriəl] n ³ñ¹Ûáõݳμ»ñ³- ineptitude [i΄neptitju:d] n ³Ýå³ï»Ñáõ-
ϳÝ. ³ñï³¹ñ³Ï³Ý. ~` district, estate/exhibi- ÃÛáõÝ, ÑÇÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
inequilateral 430 infection

inequality [ini΄kwɒləti] n ³Ýѳí³ë³ñáõ- ϳۻÉÇ Ë³éݳß÷áÃáõÃÛáõÝ:


ÃÛáõÝ, ³ÝϳÛáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ. social inequalities inexpressible [‚inik΄spresəbl] a ³Ý³ñï³-
ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý ³Ýѳí³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝ: ѳÛï»ÉÇ, ³ÝÝϳñ³·ñ»ÉÇ. ³Ýå³ïÙ»ÉÇ:
inequilateral [in‚i:kwi΄lætrəl] a ³Ýѳ- inexpressive [‚inik΄spresiv] a ³Ý³ñï³Ñ³Û-
í³ë³ñ³ÏáÕÙ: ïÇã:
ineradicable [‚ini΄rædikəbl] a ³ÝçÝç»ÉÇ, inextinguishable [‚inik΄stiŋgwi∫əbl] a ³Ý-
ËáñÁ ³ñÙ³ï³íáñí³Í: ß»ç, ³ÝÙ³ñ, ³ÝÙ³ñ»ÉÇ:
inert [i΄nə:t] a ³É³ñÏáï, ¹³Ý¹³Õ³ß³ñÅ. inextricable [‚inik΄strikəbl] a μ³ñ¹,
³Ý·áñÍáõÝÛ³, ³Ýï³ñμ»ñ. ~ gases ùÇÙ. Ë××í³Í, ³Ý»É³Ý»ÉÇ:
ÇÝ»ñï ·³½»ñ. lay ~ ³Ýß³ñÅ å³éÏ»É: infallibility [in‚fælə΄biləti] n ³Ýë˳ɳϳ-
inertia [i΄nə:∫ə] n ýǽ. ÇÝ»ñódz, ÇÝ»ñódzÛÇ ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, íëï³Ñ»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ:
áõÅ: infallible [in΄fæləbl] a ³Ýë˳ɳϳÝ, Ñáõ-
inertness [i΄nə:tnəs] n ÇÝ»ñïáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ý- ë³ÉÇ, íëï³Ñ»ÉÇ. He thinks he’s ~ ܳ Çñ»Ý
·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ýï³ñμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ: ³ÝëË³É³Ï³Ý ¿ ѳٳñáõÙ. an ~ argument/
inessential [‚ini΄sen∫l] a ³Ý¿³Ï³Ý. the ~s method/remedy ³ÝÅËï»ÉÇ/³ÝÑ»ñù»ÉÇ ÷³ë-
³Ý¿³Ï³Ý Ù³ÝñáõùÝ»ñ/Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ»ñ: ï³ñÏ. Ñáõë³ÉÇ Ù»Ãá¹/ÙÇçáó. Nobody is ~ àã
inescapable [‚ini΄skeipəbl] a ³ÝËáõë³÷»- áù ½»ñÍ ã¿ ë˳ÉÝ»ñÇó:
ÉÇ: infamous [΄infəməs] a ˳Ûï³é³Ï, ³Ýå³-
inestimable [in΄estiməbl] a (ݳ¨ of ~ value) ïÇí, ³Ý³½ÝÇí. an ~ crime ˳Ûï³é³Ï
³Ý·Ý³Ñ³ï»ÉÇ: ѳÝó³Ýù£
inevitability [in‚evitə΄biləti] n ³ÝËáõë³÷»- infamy [΄infəmi] n ˳Ûï³é³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ.
ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ: ³Ý³ñ· í³ñù, ëïáñáõÃÛáõÝ:
inevitable [in΄evitəbl] a ³ÝËáõë³÷»ÉÇ. ~ infancy [΄infənsi] n Ù³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ. í³Õ Ù³Ý-
conflict/argument/result ³ÝËáõë³÷»ÉÇ Ñ³- Ï³Ï³Ý Ñ³ë³Ï. Çñ³í. ³Ýã³÷³Ñ³ëáõ-
ϳëáõÃÛáõÝ/í»×/³ñ¹ÛáõÝù. an ~ scandal ³Ý- ÃÛáõÝ. in ~ Ù³ÝáõÏ Ñ³ë³ÏáõÙ. from ~
Ëáõë³÷»ÉÇ ëϳݹ³É. a tourist with his ~ Ù³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝÇó:
camera ½μáë³ßñçÇÏÁ Çñ Ùßï³Ï³Ý ýáïá³- infant [΄infənt] n, a Ù³ÝáõÏ, »ñ»Ë³. Çñ³í.
å³ñ³ïáí: ³Ýã³÷³Ñ³ë. Ù³ÝÏ³Ï³Ý ~ mortality Ù³Ý-
inexact [‚inig΄zækt] a ³Ý×ß·ñÇï, ³ÝëïáõÛ·: Ï³Ï³Ý Ù³Ñ³óáõÃÛáõÝ£
inexactitude [‚inig΄zæktitju:d] n ³Ý- infantile [΄infəntail] a Ù³ÝϳϳÝ, ûñ½³ñ-
×ß·ñïáõÃÛáõÝ: ·³ó³Í. ~ diseases/paralysis Ù³ÝÏ³Ï³Ý ÑÇ-
inexcusable [‚inik΄skju:zəbl] a ³ÝÝ»ñ»ÉÇ: í³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ/ϳÃí³Í³Ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ (å³-
inexhaustible [‚inig΄zɔ:stəbl] a ³Ýëå³é, ñ³ÉÇã):
³ÝËáÝç. He’s ~ ܳ Ñá·Ý»É ã·ÇïÇ. ~ supplies infantry [΄infəntri] 1. n ѻ勉Ï. 2. a
³Ýëå³é å³ß³ñÝ»ñ. My patient is not ~ Æ٠ѻ勉ÏÇ, ѻ勉ϳÛÇÝ:
ѳÙμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ë³ÑÙ³Ý áõÝÇ/³Ýí»ñç ã¿: infantryman [΄infəntrimən] n ѻ勉-
inexorable [in΄eksərəbl] a ³Ý·áõÃ, ³ÝáÕáù. ϳÛÇÝ:
inexpedient [‚inik΄spi:diənt] a ³ÝÝå³- infatuate [in΄fætjueit] v ·ñ³í»É, Ãáí»É,
ï³Ï³Ñ³ñÙ³ñ., ³Ýѳٳå³ï³ë˳Ý: Ë»ÉùÁ/ÙÇïùÁ ï³Ý»É:
inexpensive [‚inik΄spensiv] a áã óÝÏ, infatuated [in΄fætjueitid] a ѳ÷ßï³Ïí³Í.
¿Å³Ý: be ~ with jazz ç³½áí ï³ñí»É£
inexperience [‚inik΄spiəriəns] n ³Ý÷áñÓáõ- infatuation [in‚fætju΄ei∫n] n Ññ³åáõñáõÙ,
ÃÛáõÝ, ³ÝÑÙïáõÃÛáõÝ: ѳ÷ßï³ÏáõÙ, ëÇñ³Ñ³ñí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ:
inexperienced [‚inik΄spiəriənst] a ³Ý÷áñÓ, infect [in΄fekt] v í³ñ³Ï»É. ~ with flue ·ñÇ-
÷áñÓ ãáõÝ»óáÕ, an ~ typist/secretary ³Ý÷áñÓ åáí í³ñ³Ï»É. ~ with enthusiasm ÷Ëμ. ˳Ý-
Ù»ù»Ý³·ñáõÑÇ/ù³ñïáõÕ³ñáõÑÇ: ¹³í³éáõÃÛ³Ùμ í³ñ³Ï»É. an ~ wound
inexplicable [‚inik΄splikəbl] a ³Ýμ³ó³ï- óñ³Ë³Ï³É³Í í»ñù:
ñ»ÉÇ, ³ÝѳëϳݳÉÇ. an ~ situation ³Ýμ³- infectible [in΄fektəbl] a í³ñ³ÏÙ³Ý »Ýó-
ó³ïñ»ÉÇ Çñ³íÇ׳Ï. ~ confusion ³Ý»ñ¨³- ϳ:
infectious 431 inflow

infection [in΄fek∫n] n í³ñ³Ï, í³ñ³ÏáõÙ. infinitive [in΄finətiv] n ù»ñ. ³Ýáñáß ¹»ñμ³Û,


μáñμáùáõÙ. an ~ of the ear ³Ï³ÝçÇ μáñμá- ÇÝýÇÝÇïÇí:
ùáõÙ: infinity [in΄finəti] n ³Ýí»ñçáõÃÛáõÝ. ³Ýë³Ñ-
infectious [in΄fek∫əs] a í³ñ³ÏÇã, ï³ñ³÷á- Ù³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ³ÝÑáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
ËÇÏ. ~ diseases í³ñ³ÏÇã ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝ- infirm [in΄fə:m] a ³ÝáõÅ, ÃáõÛÉ. aged and ~
Ý»ñ: Í»ñ ¨ ³ÝáõÅ:
infer [in΄fə:] v »½ñ³Ï³óÝ»É. ѻ層óÝ»É. infirmary [in΄fə:məri] n ÑÇí³Ý¹³Ýáó, ³Ý-
ѳݷ»É. »Ýó¹ñ»É, ÝϳïÇ áõݻݳÉ. ~ from ϻɳÝáó:
the remarks ¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó »½ñ³Ï³ó- infirmity [in΄fə:məti] n ³ÝáõÅáõÃÛáõÝ, ½³-
Ý»É: é³ÙáõÃÛáõÝ, ÃnõÉáõÃÛáõÝ:
inference [΄infərəns] n »½ñ³Ï³óáõÃÛáõÝ, inflame [in΄fleim] v í³é(í)»É, μáó³í³é-
Ñ»ï¨áõÃÛáõÝ: (í)»É. μÅßÏ. μáñμáùí»É. ~d eyes μáñμáùí³Í
inferior [in΄fiəriə] 1. n ëïáñ³¹ñÛ³É, ëïá- ³ãù»ñ. ~d with anger ÷Ëμ. ½³ÛñáõÛÃÇó μáñ-
ñ³¹³ë ³ÝÓ, »Ýóϳ. ~ court ³é³çÇÝ μáùí³Í:
³ïÛ³ÝÇ ¹³ï³ñ³Ý. 2. a ëïáñÇÝ, ëïáñ³- inflammable [in΄flæməbl] n ¹Ûáõñ³í³é,
¹³ë. an ~ position ëïáñÇÝ ¹Çñù ~ in rank μáó³í³éíáÕ. ÷Ëμ. ¹Ûáõñ³·ñ·Çé, μéÝÁÏ-
³ïÛ³Ýáí/ϳñ·áí ó³Íñ. feel ~ Þ³ï μ³Ý»- íáÕ. an ~ situation ɳñí³Í Çñ³íÇ׳Ï/ÙÃÝá-
ñáõÙ ½Çç»É. ~ coffee ó³Íñ áñ³ÏÇ ëáõñ×. an Éáñï:
~ character μݳíáñáõÃÛ³Ý μ³ó³ë³Ï³Ý inflammation [‚inflə΄mei∫n] n μÅßÏ. μáñμá-
·Í»ñ: ùáõÙ:
inferiority [in‚fiəri΄ɒrəti] n ëïáñ³¹³ëáõ- inflammatory [in΄flæmətəri] a ·ñ·éáÕ,
ÃÛáõÝ. ³í»ÉÇ ó³Íñ ¹Çñù/áñ³Ï. ~ complex ·ñ·éÇã. μÅßÏ. μáñμáù³ÛÇÝ an ~ speech ÷Ëμ.
Ñá·»μ. ûñ³ñÅ»ùáõÃÛ³Ý μ³ñ¹áõÛÃ: ·ñ·éÇã ׳é:
infernal [in΄fə:nl] a ¹Åá˳ÛÇÝ, ¹Çí³ÛÇÝ, inflate [in΄fleit] v ÷ã»É, áõéóÝ»É. ÷Ëμ.
ë³ï³Ý»Ï³Ý: ÷ùí»É, ·áéá½áõÃÛ³Ùμ Éóí»É:
inferno [in΄fə:nəu] n ¹ÅáËù, ï³ñï³ñáë: inflated [in΄fleitid] a ÷ùí³Í. áõé³Í. ~ with
infertile [in΄fə:tail] a ³ÝåïáõÕ, ³ÝåïÕ³- pride Ñå³ñïáõÃÛáõÝÇó ÷ùí³Í:
μ»ñ. ³Ýμ»ññÇ (ÑáÕ): inflation [in΄flei∫n] n ÷ùáõÙ. û¹áí/·³½áí
infest [in΄fest] v íËï³É, ѻջջÉ. ݻջÉ, ÉóÝ»ÉÁ. ïÝï. ·Ý³×. ÷áÕÇ ³ñÅ»½ñÏáõÙ,
Ó³ÝÓñ³óÝ»É: ÇÝýɳódz:
infidelity [‚infi΄deləti] n ³Ýѳí³ï³ñÙáõ- inflationary [in΄flei∫nəri] a an ~ policy
ÃÛáõÝ, ¹³í³×³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: ÇÝýɳódzÛÇ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
infiltrate [΄infiltreit] v ÍÍí»É, Ý»ñÍÍí»É, inflect [in΄flekt] v ù»ñ. ûù»É, ÑáÉáí»É.
Ý»ñë ó÷³Ýó»É. ~ the enemy lines ÷Ëμ. ËáݳñÑ»É:
ÃßÝ³Ù³Ï³Ý ×³Ï³ï Ý»ñó÷³Ýó»É: inflected [in΄flektid] a ù»ñ. ûù³Ï³Ý:
infiltration [‚infil΄trei∫n] n Ý»ñÍÍí»ÉÁ. Ý»ñ- inflexible [in΄fleksəbl] a ³Ýûù»ÉÇ, ³Ý-
ó÷³Ýó»ÉÁ. μÅßÏ. Ý»ñÏáõï³ÏáõÙ, ÇÝ- ×ÏáõÝ. ÷Ëμ. ³ÝÝÏáõÝ, ³ÝÑáÕ¹áÕ¹. an ~ will
ýÇÉïñ³ódz: ³ÝÏáïñáõ٠ϳÙù. an ~ time-table/rule ËÇëï
infinite [΄infinət]1. n the ~ ³Ýë³ÑÙ³Ýáõ- ųٳï³Ëï³Ï/ϳÝáÝ. be ~ ³ÝÏáïñáõÙ
ÃÛáõÝ, ³Ýë³ÑÙ³Ý ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. 2. a ³Ý- ÉÇÝ»É:
í»ñç, ³Ýë³ÑÙ³Ý. ³ÝÃÇí, ³Ýѳٳñ. ~ inflexion [in΄flek∫n] n ûùáõÙ, ͳÉáõÙ,
time/space/amount ³Ýë³ÑÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï/ ÍéáõÙ. ù»ñ. ûùáõÙ. »ñÅß. »É¨¿çáõÙ:
ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ/ù³Ý³Ï. ~ gratitude ³Ýí»ñç inflexional [in΄flek∫nl] a É»½í. ûù³Ï³Ý. ~
»ñ³Ëï³·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ love ³Ýë³ÑÙ³Ý languages ûù³Ï³Ý É»½áõÝ»ñ:
ë»ñ: inflict [in΄flikt] v ѳëóÝ»É (íݳë, ѳñí³Í),
infinitely [΄infinətli] adv ³Ýë³ÑÙ³Ý, å³ï׳é»É(ó³í, íÇßï). ~ a penalty/damage
³Ýí»ñç. ³Ýã³÷, ³ÝÑáõÝáñ»Ý: å³ïÅÇ »ÝóñÏ»É, íݳë å³ï׳é»É. ~
infinitesimal [‚infini΄tesiml] n Ù³Ã. ³Ýí»ñç one’s views Çñ ï»ë³Ï»ïÁ å³ñï³¹ñ»É/
÷áùñ Ù»ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ³Ýí»ñç ÷áùñ: í½ÇÝ ÷³Ã³Ã»É:
influence 432 ingrained

inflow [΄infləu] n, influx [΄inflΛks] n Ý»ñÑáëù, ~ Çñ³í. ·³ÕïÝÇ ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ desk/


Ñáñ¹áõÙ. ~ of capital ϳåÇï³ÉÇ Ý»ñÑáëù, ~ agency ï»Õ»Ï³ïáõ ·áñͳϳÉáõÃÛáõÝ. give/
of foreign exchange/tourists ³ñï³ñÅáõÛÃÇ/ receive ~ ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É/ëï³Ý³É. (ï»-
½μáë³ßñçÇÏÝ»ñÇ Ý»ñÑáëù. ~ and outflow ջϳÝù) apply for the ~ ¹ÇÙ»É ï»Õ»Ï³Ýù
Ý»ñÑáëù ¨ ³ñï³Ñáëù: ëï³Ý³Éáõ ѳٳñ. a mine of ~ ·Çï»ÉÇùÇ
influence [΄influəns] n ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ, Ý»ñ- ßï»Ù³ñ³Ý. request for ~ ï»Õ»Ï³ïí³Ï³Ý
·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ. evil/dangerous/favourable/great ~ ѳñóáõÙ. lodge ~ against smb Çñ³í. ³Ùμ³ë-
í³ï, ã³ñ/íï³Ý·³íáñ/ μ³ñ»Ýå³ëï/Ù»Í, ï³Ý»É Ù»ÏÇÝ. ~ science ÇÝýáñÙ³ïÇϳ.
Ëáßáñ ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ. have ~ ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ ÑÙÏñ·. ~ area/bit/character/data base/generator
·áñÍ»É. strengthen/reduce ~ ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÇÝýáñÙ³óÇáÝ ïÇñáõÛÃ/ϳñ·/ëÇÙíáÉ/ïíÛ³É-
áõŻճóÝ»É/Ýí³½»óÝ»É, ÃáõɳóÝ»É. fall Ý»ñÇ μ³½³/³ÕμÛáõñ:
under smb’s ~ Ù»ÏÇ ³½¹»óáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï informative [in΄fɔ:mətiv] a ï»Õ»Ï³ïáõ,
ÁÝÏÝ»É. a man of ~ ³½¹»óÇÏ Ù³ñ¹. the ~ of ï»Õ»Ï³ïí³Ï³Ý. áõëáõóáճϳÝ, μáí³Ý-
example ûñÇݳÏÇ áõÅÁ: ¹³Ï³ÉÇó. an ~ article μáí³Ý¹³Ï³ÉÇó Ñá¹-
influence [΄influəns] v ³½¹»É, ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ í³Í. be very ~ ß³ï μ³Ý ÇٳݳÉ/ѳÕáñ¹»É:
áõݻݳÉ, Ý»ñ·áñÍ»É. be easily ~d Ñ»ßïáõ- informed [in΄fɔ:md] a ï»ÕÛ³Ï, Çñ³½»Ï. ·Ç-
ÃÛ³Ùμ ³½¹»óáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï ÁÝÏÝ»É. He was ï³Ï, ÑÙáõï, ÷áñÓ³éáõ. ~ speaker ÷áñÓ³-
~d by Byron ´³ÛñáÝÇ åá»½Ç³Ý ³½¹»óáõ- éáõ/μ³ÝÇÙ³ó Ñé»ïáñ:
ÃÛáõÝ ¿ ·áñÍ»É Ýñ³ ëï»Õͳ·áñÍáõÃÛ³Ý informer [in΄fɔ:mə] n ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ѳ-
íñ³: Õáñ¹áÕ. Ù³ïÝÇã, ·³ÕïÝÇ ³Ùμ³ëï³ÝÛ³É:
influent [΄influənt] n, a íï³Ï. Ý»ñÑáëáÕ, infra-red [‚infrə΄red] a ÇÝýñ³Ï³ñÙÇñ. ~
ó÷íáÕ, ³éÑáëáÕ: rays ÇÝýñ³Ï³ñÙÇñ ׳鳷³ÛÃÝ»ñ:
influential [‚influ΄en∫l] a ³½¹»óÇÏ, ³½¹»- infrastructure [΄infrə‚strΛkt∫ə] n »Ýóϳ-
éáõóí³Íù:
óáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»óáÕ. ~ groups ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ
áõÝ»óáÕ ËÙμ»ñ:
infrequent [in΄fri:kwənt] a ѳ½í³¹»å,
ë³Ï³í³¹»å:
influenza [‚influ΄enzə] (Ïñ×. flue) ·ñÇå:
inform [in΄fɔ:m] v ï»Õ»Ï³óÝ»É, ѳÛïÝ»É, infringe [in΄frindз] v ˳Ëï»É, ¹ñÅ»É. ~ on
smb’s rights Ù»ÏÇ Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ
ѳÕáñ¹»É. be ~ed Çñ³½»Ï ¹³éݳÉ. be well
áïÝÓ·áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ³Ý»É/áïݳѳñ»É.
~ed ÉñÇí Çñ³½»Ï ÉÇÝ»É/ÏáõñëÇ Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É
keep smn ~ed Ù»ÏÇÝ ï»ÕÛ³Ï å³Ñ»É. ~
infuriate [in΄fjuərieit] v ϳï³Õ»óÝ»É. ·³-
½³½»óÝ»É. be ~d ϳï³Õ»É, ·³½³½»É:
against smb Ù»ÏÇÝ ³Ùμ³ëï³Ý»É/Ù³ïÝ»É:
infuse [in΄fju:z] v Ý»ñ³ñÏ»É. ÷Ëμ. ³é³ç³ó-
informal [in΄fɔ:ml] a ³Ýå³ßïáݳϳÝ, áã Ý»É, Ý»ñßÝã»É. ÃñÙ»É. ~ tea Ã»Û ÃñÙ»É:
å³ßïáݳϳÝ/Ó¨³Ï³Ý. an ~ meeting/din-
infusion [in΄fju:зn] n Ý»ñ³ñÏáõÙ. ÷Ëμ. Ý»ñ-
ner/talk/atmosphere áã å³ßïáÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ý¹Ç-
ßÝãáõÙ. ÃáõñÙ. ÃñÙáó. an ~ of herbs/tea ûÛÇ/
åáõÙ/׳ß/½ñáõÛó. ³Ýϳßϳݹ/³Ýμéݳ½- Ëáï³μáõÛë»ñÇ ÃñÙáó/ÃáõñÙ:
μáëÇÏ ÙÃÝáÉáñï. ~ dress ³éûñÛ³/áã å³ß- ingenious [in΄dзi:niəs] a Ñݳñ³·»ï, Ñݳ-
ïáÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³·áõëï. ~ speech Ëáë³Ïó³- ñ³ÙÇï, ëñ³ÙÇï. an ~ invention/solution Ë»-
Ï³Ý É»½áõ: ɳóÇ ·Ûáõï, Ñݳñ³ÙÇï ÉáõÍáõÙ an ~ plan
informant [in΄fɔ:mənt] n ï»Õ»Ï³ïáõ. ÑÝñ³ÙÇï/ëñ³ÙÇï åɳÝ/Íñ³·Çñ:
Éñ³ïáõ. ·³ÕïÝÇ ³Ùμ³ëï³ÝÛ³É: ingenuity [‚indзə΄nju:əti] n Ñݳñ³Ùïáõ-
information [‚infə΄mei∫n] n ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ÃÛáõÝ, Ñݳñ³·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ, ëñ³ÙïáõÃÛáõÝ:
ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛáõÝ. ѳÕáñ¹áõÙ, Éáõñ, Ýáñnõ- ingenuous [in΄dзenjuəs] a ³Ý˳ñ¹³Ë,
ÃÛáõÝ. a piece of ~ ѳÕáñ¹áõÙ, Éáõñ. com- å³ñ½³ÙÇï, ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ:
plete/useful/accurate/valuable/detailed ~ ÉñÇí. ingest [in΄dзest] v ÏáõÉ ï³É, ÏɳݻÉ:
û·ï³Ï³ñ/×ß·ñÇï/³ñÅ»ù³íáñ/Ù³Ýñ³ - inglorious [in΄glɔ:riəs] a ³Ý÷³éáõݳÏ:
Ù³ëÝ ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. furnish with ~ ï»Õ»Ïáõ- ingoing [‚in΄gəuiŋ] n, a Ùáõïù. Ùáõïù ·áñ-
ÃÛáõÝ ï³É/Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñ»É. acquire ~ ï»- ÍáÕ:
Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝ Ó»éù μ»ñ»É/ѳí³ù»É. Statistical ingraft [in΄gra:ft] v μëμ. å³ïí³ëï»É:
~ íÇ׳ϳ·ñ³Ï³Ý ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. classified ingrained [‚in΄greind] a ³ñÙ³ï³ó³Í, Ý»ñ-
ingrate 433 injunction

ó÷³Ýó³Í. deeply ~ habits ËáñÁ ³ñÙ³- ½ëåáõÙ, ½ëå»ÉÁ:


ï³ó³Í ëáíáñáõÛÃÝ»ñ. ~ honesty μݳÍÇÝ inhospitable [‚inhɒ΄spitəbl] a ³ÝÑÛáõñÁÝ-
³½ÝíáõÃÛáõÝ: ϳÉ, ³ÝÑÛáõñ³ë»ñ:
ingrate [΄ingreit] n, a ³å»ñ³Ëï: inhospitality [‚inhɒspi΄tæləti] n ³ÝÑÛáõñÁÝ-
ingratiate [in΄grei∫ieit] v ~ oneself with Ù»ÏÇ Ï³ÉáõÃÛáõÝ:
μ³ñ»Ñ³×áõÃÛáõÝÁ ߳ѻÉ, ѳ×á۳ݳÉ: inhuman [in΄hju:mən] a ³ÝÙ³ñ¹Ï³ÛÇÝ, ³Ý-
ingratitude [in΄grætitju:d] n ³å»ñ³Ëïáõ- ·áõÃ. áã Ù³ñ¹Ï³ÛÇÝ, Ù³ñ¹áõÝ áã ѳïáõÏ.
ÃÛáõÝ: ~ treatment ³ÝÙ³ñ¹Ï³ÛÇÝ í»ñ³μ»ñÙáõÝù:
ingredient [in΄gri:diənt] n μ³Õ³¹ñ³ïáÙë: inhumane [‚inhju΄mein] a ³ÝÙ³ñ¹Ï³ÛÇÝ.
ingrowing [‚in΄grəuiŋ] a Ý»ñ³×áÕ: ³Ý·áõÃ:
inhabit [in΄hæbit] v ³åñ»É, μݳÏí»É, μݳ- inimical [i΄nimikl] a ÃßݳٳϳÝ, ³Ýμ³ñ-
Ï»óÝ»É. Who ~s the territory? à±í ¿ μݳÏíáõÙ/ Û³ó³Ï³Ù. ³Ýμ³ñ»Ýå³ëï, íݳë³Ï³ñ:
μݳϻóÝáõÙ ³Ûë ï³ñ³ÍùÁ. Fish ~s this lake inimitable [i΄nimitəbl] a ³ÝÁݹûñÇݳϻÉÇ,
²Ûë É×áõÙ ÓáõÏ Ï³: ³ÝÝÙ³Ý, ³Ý½áõ·³Ï³Ý:
inhabitant [in΄hæbitənt] n μݳÏÇã, iniquitous [i΄nikwitəs] a ³Ý³ñ¹³ñ, ³Ýû-
μݳÏíáÕ: ñ»Ý, ã³ñ:
inhabited [in΄hæbitid] a μݳϻóí³Í. an ~ iniquity [i΄nikwəti] n ³Ý³ñ¹³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ý-
region μݳϻóí³Í/Ù³ñ¹³μÝ³Ï ßñç³Ý. Is ûñ»ÝáõÃÛáõÝ£
this castle ~? ²Ûë ³ÙñáóÁ μݳϻÉDZ ¿: initial [i΄ni∫l] n pl ~s ëϽμݳï³é»ñ, ÇÝÇ-
inhabitation [in‚hæbi΄tei∫n] n μݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ódzÉÝ»ñ:
μݳÏáõÃÛ³Ý í³Ûñ£ initial [i΄ni∫l]1. a ëϽμݳϳÝ, ݳËݳϳÝ.
inhalation [‚inhə΄lei∫n] n Ý»ñßÝãáõÙ, Ý»ñë ~ period ëϽμÝ³Ï³Ý ßñç³Ý. ~ education
ßÝã»ÉÁ. μÅßÏ. ÇÝѳɳódz. (ÍáõËÁ) Ý»ñë ݳËݳϳÝ/ï³ññ³Ï³Ý ÏñÃáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ at-
ù³ß»ÉÁ: tempts ³é³çÇÝ ÷áñÓ»ñ. ~ capital ݳËݳ-
inhale [in΄heil] v Ý»ñë ßÝã»É. (ÍáõËÁ) Ý»ñë ϳÝ/ëϽμÝ³Ï³Ý Ï³åÇï³É. the ~ stage Ù»Ï-
ù³ß»É. ~ deeply ËáñÁ ßáõÝã ù³ß»É: ݳϻï, »ÉÙ³Ý Ï»ï. 2. v ëϽμݳï³é»ñ
inherent [in΄herənt] a ѳïáõÏ, Ý»ñѳïáõÏ. ¹Ý»É, ëϽμݳï³é»ñáí ëïáñ³·ñ»É. ~ a do-
~ difficulties Çñ»Ý ѳïáõÏ μ³ñ¹áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ/ cument ݳ˳ëïáñ³·ñ»É ÷³ëï³ÃáõÕÃÁ:
¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. ~ defect μÝáñáß (Ý»ñùÇÝ) initialize v ݳ˳ϳñ·»É:
ûñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ rights ³Ýμ³Å³Ý»ÉÇ Çñ³- initially [i΄ni∫li] adv ëϽμáõÙ:
íáõÝùÝ»ñ: initiate [i΄ni∫ieit] v Ó»éݳÙáõË ÉÇÝ»É. ݳ˳-
inherit [in΄herit] v ųé³Ý·»É. ~ fortune/ Ó»éÝ»É. ÑÇÙݳ¹ñ»É. ~ a reform μ³ñ»÷áËáõÙ
land/property ϳñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ/ÑáÕ/ ë»÷³Ï³- ÙïóÝ»É. ~ a new policy ëÏë»É Ýáñ ù³Õ³ù³-
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. right to ~ ųé³Ý·»Éáõ Çñ³íáõÝù: ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ í³ñ»É. ~ smb into a secret ·³Õï-
inheritable [in΄heritəbl] a ųé³Ý·»ÉÇ, ų- ÝÇùÇÝ Ñ³Õáñ¹³ÏÇó ¹³ñÓÝ»É. ~ a discus-
é³Ý·³Ï³Ý: sion/a procedure ùÝݳñÏáõÙ/¹³ï³í³ñáõ-
inheritance [in΄heritəns] n ųé³Ý·áõÃÛáõÝ. ÃÛáõÝ ëÏë»É. ~ proceedings against smb Ù»ÏÇ
the right of ~ ųé³Ý·áõÃÛ³Ý Çñ³íáõÝù. ~ of ¹»Ù ·áñÍ Ñ³ñáõó»É:
the past ÷Ëμ. ³ÝóÛ³ÉÇ Å³é³Ý·áõÃÛáõÝ. ~ initiative [i΄ni∫ətiv] 1. n ݳ˳ӻéÝáõÃÛáõÝ.
law ųé³Ý·áõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇÝ ûñ»Ýù: on one’s own ~ ë»÷³Ï³Ý ݳ˳ӻéÝáõ-
inherited [in΄heritid] a ųé³Ý·³Ï³Ý, μݳ- ÃÛ³Ùμ. show ~ ݳ˳ӻéÝáõÃÛáõÝ óáõó³μ»-
ïáõñ: ñ»É. take the ~ ݳ˳ӻéÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ Çñ Ó»éùÁ
inheritor [in΄heritə] n ųé³Ý·, ųé³Ý- í»ñóÝ»É. 2. a ëϽμݳϳÝ, ݳËݳϳÝ.
·áñ¹: ݳ˳ӻéÝáÕ:
inhibit [in΄hibit] v ËáãÁݹáï»É. ³ñ·»É»É, inject [in΄dзekt] v ëñëÏ»É, Ý»ñ³ñÏ»É. ~ with
ϳë»óÝ»É. ½ëå»É. His presence ~ed the dis- penicillin å»ÝÇóÇÉÇÝ ëñëÏ»É:
cussion Üñ³ Ý»ñϳÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ ˳ݷ³ñáõÙ ¿ñ injection [in΄dзek∫n] n ëñëÏáõÙ, Ý»ñ³ñÏáõÙ.
ùÝݳñÏÙ³ÝÁ: give an ~ /short ëñëÏ»É. undergo ~ ëñëÏí»É. ~
inhibition [‚inhi΄bi∫n] n ³ñ·»Éù, ³ñ·»ÉáõÙ. against (cholera) ëñëÏáõÙ ËáÉ»ñ³ÛÇ ¹»Ù:
injure 434 inobservance

injudicious [‚indзu΄di∫əs] a ³ÝËáÑ»Ù, ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇó Ñ»éáõ ÁÝϳÍ. Ý»ñëÇ,


ãÙï³Íí³Í: Ý»ñùÇÝ. ~ towns Íáí³÷Çó Ñ»éáõ ·ïÝíáÕ
injunction [in΄dзΛŋk∫n] n Çñ³í. ¹³ï³Ï³Ý ù³Õ³ùÝ»ñ. ~ sea Ý»ñùÇÝ Íáí:
áñáßáõÙ. interim ~ ϳë»óÙ³Ý áñáßáõÙ. tem- inlay [΄inlei] n Ý»ñ¹ñí³·, ¹ñí³·³½³ñ¹:
porary ~ ϳë»óÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³íáñ áñá- in-laws [΄inlɔ:z] n ËݳÙÇÝ»ñ:
ßáõÙ£ inlet [΄inlət] n ËáñßÇÏ, ÍáóÇÏ. ï»Ë. Ý»ñÃáÕ
injure [΄indзə] 1.v íݳë»É, íݳë ѳëóÝ»É. ³Ýóù. ~ pipe Ý»ñÃáÕ ËáÕáí³Ï:
÷ã³óÝ»É. íÇñ³íáñ»É, íÇñ³íáñ³Ýù ѳëóÁ- inlying [‚in΄laiiŋ] a Ý»ñùÇÝ, Ý»ñëáõÙ
Ý»É. ~ one’s knee/arm/hand ÍáõÝÏÁ/èÁ/·ÉáõËÁ ·ïÝíáÕ:
íݳë»É. ~ oneself íݳëí»É, íݳëí³Íù inmate [΄inmeit] n Ï»Ýíáñ, ÝáõÛÝ ï³Ý Ù»ç
ëï³Ý³É. ~ smb’s pride/feelings Ù»ÏÇ Ñå³ñ- ³åñáÕ μݳÏÇã. (ÑÇí³Ý¹³ÝáóáõÙ ·ïÝíáÕ)
ïáõÃÛáõÝÁ/½·³óÙáõÝùÝ»ñÁ íÇñ³íáñ»É. an ÑÇí³Ý¹. Çñ³í. μ³Ýï³ñÏÛ³É:
air of ~d innocence íÇñ³íáñí³Í ³ÝÙ»Õáõ- inmost [΄inməust] a ³Ù»Ý³Ñ»é³íáñ, ³Ù»-
ÃÛ³Ý ï»ëù ÁݹáõÝ»É 2. n the ~d íÇñ³íáñ- ݳËáñùáõÙ ·ïÝíáÕ. ~ thoughts ·³ÕïÝÇ,
Ý»ñÁ. the ~d party ïáõÅ³Í ÏáÕÙÁ: ÝíÇñ³Ï³Ý Ùïù»ñ:
injurious [in΄dзuəriəs] a ~ to íݳë³Ï³ñ. inn [in] n ÑÛáõñ³Ýáó, å³Ý¹áÏ. ~s of court
ë˳É, ³Ý³ñ¹³ñ: Çñ³í. ÷³ëï³μ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ÏáÉ»·Ç³ (Ø´):
injury [΄indзəri] n íݳë, íݳëí³Íù. acci- innate [i΄neit] a μݳÍÇÝ:
dental ~ íóñÇ Ñ»ï¨³Ýùáí ëï³ó³Í inner [΄inə] a Ý»ñùÇÝ. ~ city åïÙ. Ý»ñùÇÝ
íݳëí³Íù. serious/personal, bodily/internal ~ ù³Õ³ù. (ÑÇÝ ù³Õ³ù, ù³Õ³ùÇ ÑÇÝ Ù³ëÁ)
Éáõñç/Ù³ñÙݳϳÝ/Ý»ñùÇÝ íݳëí³Íù. do ~ ~ prejudices Ý»ñùÇÝ Ý³Ë³å³ß³ñáõÙÝ»ñ:
íݳëí³Íù ѳëóÝ»É. recover from an ~ innkeeper [΄in‚ki:pə] n å³Ý¹áϳå³Ý,
íݳëí³ÍùÁ μáõÅ»É. receive an ~ íݳëí³Íù ÑÛáõñ³ÝáóÇ ï»ñ:
ëï³Ý³É. meniscus ~ Ù»ÝÇëϳÛÇÝ íݳë- innocence [΄inəsəns] n ³ÝÙ»ÕáõÃÛáõÝ,
í³Íù. fatal ~ ٳѳóáõ íݳëí³Íù. (íÇñ³- å³ñ½³ÙïáõÃÛáõÝ. Çñ³í. ³ÝѳÝó³å³ñ-
íáñ³Ýù, ³Ý³ñ¹³ñáõÃÛáõÝ) do smb an ~ íÇ- ïáõÃÛáõÝ. prove one’s ~ ³å³óáõó»É Çñ
ñ³íáñ³Ýù ѳëóÝ»É. cause smb an ~ ó³í ³ÝÙ»ÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ. in all ~ áã ¹Çï³íáñÛ³É,
å³ï׳é»É. His words were an ~ Üñ³ Ëáë- ³é³Ýó ¹Çï³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý:
ù»ñÁ íÇñ³íáñ³Ï³Ý ¿ÇÝ: innocent [΄inəsənt] n ³ÝÙ»Õ, ÙdzÙÇï, å³ñ-
injustice [in΄dзΛstis] n ³Ý³ñ¹³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. so- ½³ÙÇï, ³ÝÙ»Õ³å³ñï. ~ look/victims ³Ý-
cial ~ ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý ³Ý³ñ¹³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. do Ù»Õ Ñ³Û³óù. ³ÝÙ»Õ³å³ñï ½áÑ»ñ. ~ of the
smn an ~ Ù»ÏÇ Ñ³Ý¹»å ³Ý³ñ¹³ñ ÉÇÝ»É. crime ѳÝó³ÝùÇ Ñ»ï ϳå ãáõݻݳÉ. decla-
ink [iŋk] n óݳù. invisible/Indian/printer’s ~ red ~ ³ÝÙ»Õ Ñ³Ûï³ñ³ñí³Í. an ~young man
³Ý·áõÛÝ/·³Õïݳ·ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ã³Ý³ù. ãÇݳ- ³Ý÷áñÓ »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹:
Ï³Ý ïáõß, ïå³·ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ý»ñÏ. an ~ stain innocuous [i΄nɒkjuəs] a ³Ýíݳë, ³Ýíݳ-
óݳùÇ μÇÍ: ë³Ï³ñ. an ~ drink ÃáõÛÉ ËÙÇãù. an ~ remark
inkling [΄iŋkliŋ] n ³ÏݳñÏ. ûè ϳëϳÍ. ³ÝÙ»Õ/ÙdzÙÇï ³ÏݳñÏ. ~ snake áã Ãáõ-
have no ~ ѳëϳóáõÃÛáõÝ/·³Õ³÷³ñ ãáõÝ»- ݳíáñ ûÓ:
ݳÉ: innovate [i΄nəuveit] v ÝáñáõÃÛáõÝ/÷á÷áËáõ-
ink-pot [΄iŋkpɒt] n óݳù³Ù³Ý£ ÃÛáõÝ ÙïóÝ»É:
inkstand [΄iŋkstænd] n óݳù³Ù³Ý, ·ñ³- innovation [‚inəu΄vei∫n] n Ýáñ³ÙáõÍáõÃÛáõÝ,
ë³ñù: Ýáñ³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. make ~s Ýáñ³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ
ink-well [΄iŋkwel] n óݳù³Ù³Ýª ë»Õ³ÝÇ ÙïóÝ»É/³Ý»É:
/Ýëï³ñ³ÝÇ íñ³ ³Ùñ³óñ³Í: innovator [΄inəveitə] n Ýáñ³ñ³ñ:
inky [΄iŋki] a óݳùáï, óݳùáï³Í. innuendo [‚inju΄endəu] n ³ÝáõÕÕ³ÏÇ/
óݳùÇ, óݳù³ÛÇÝ. ë¨, ٻɳݳ·áõÛÝ: óùÝí³Í/ÏáÕÙݳÏÇ ³ÏݳñÏ:
inlaid [‚in΄leid] a Ý»ñ¹ñí³Í, Ý»ñ½³ñ¹³Í. an innumerable [i΄nju:mərəbl] a ³ÝѳßÇí,
~ floor Ù³Ýñ³ï³Ëï³Ï» ѳï³Ï: ³ÝÃÇí, ³Ýѳٳñ. ~ books/reasons/questions
inland [΄inlənd] 1. n »ñÏñÇ ËáñùÁ. 2. a ÍáíÇ ³ÝÃÇí ·ñù»ñ. ³Ýѳٳñ å³ï׳éÝ»ñ/
inoculate 435 insemination

ѳñó»ñ: dicial ~ Çñ³í. ¹³ï³Ï³Ý Ñ»ï³ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ.


inobservance [‚inəb΄zə:vəns] n ³Ýáõß³¹- court of ~ ùÝÝã³Ï³Ý ѳÝÓݳÅáÕáí. public ~
ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ³ñѳٳñÑ»ÉÁ, ãå³Ñå³Ý»ÉÁ: Çñ³í. Ññ³å³ñ³Ï³ÛÇÝ ¹³ï³ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ.
inoculate [i΄nɒkjuleit] v å³ïí³ëï»É. ~ ~ office ï»Õ»Ï³ïáõ ·ñ³ë»ÝÛ³Ï:
smb against smth áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ ¹»Ù å³ïí³ë- inquisition [‚iŋkwi΄zi∫n] n ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ, Ñ»-
ï»É. ÷Ëμ. Ý»ñßÝã»É, ëñëÏ»É: ï³ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ. åïÙ. ÇÝÏíǽÇódz, ѳí³-
inoculation [i‚nɒkju΄lei∫n] n å³ïí³ëïáõÙ: ï³ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
inoffensive [‚inə΄fensiv] a ãíÇñ³íáñáÕ, áã inquisitive [in΄kwizətiv] a ѳñó³ë»ñ (μ³-
íÇñ³íáñ³Ï³Ý, ³ÝÙ»Õ, ³Ýíݳë: ó³ë³Ï³Ý ÇÙ³ëïáí), ùÇÃÁ ³Ù»Ý ï»Õ
inofficial [‚inə΄fi∫l] a áã å³ßïáݳϳÝ: ËáÃáÕ:
inoperable [in΄ɒpərəbl] μÅßÏ. íÇñ³Ñ³ïáõ- inroad [΄inrəud] n áïÝÓ·áõÃÛáõÝ, Ý»ñËáõ-
ÃÛ³Ý ã»ÝóñÏíáÕ. ³ÝíÇñ³Ñ³ï»ÉÇ: ÅáõÙ. ~s ÷Ëμ. Their visit made ~s on our time
inoperative [in΄ɒpərətiv] a ã·áñÍáÕ: Üñ³Ýó ³Ûó»ÉáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ù»½ÝÇó ß³ï ųٳ-
inopportune [in΄ɒpətju:n] a ³ÝųٳݳÏ. Ý³Ï ËÉ»ó:
³Ýå³ï»Ñ. come at an ~ moment ³Ýå³ï»Ñ ins [inz] n pl μnÉáñ ͳÏáõÍáõÏ»ñÁ, Ù³Ýñ³-
Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ·³É: Ù³ëÝ»ñÁ:
inordinate [in΄ɔ:dinət] a ã³÷³½³Ýó, ã³- insalubrious [‚insə΄lu:briəs] a í³ï³éáÕç,
÷Çó ³í»ÉÇ. ³Ýáñáß. ~ hours ³Ýáñáß Å³- ³éáçáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ íݳë³Ï³ñ:
Ù»ñ: insane [in΄sein] a Ñá·»Ï³Ý ÑÇí³Ý¹, ˻ɳ-
inorganic [‚inɔ:΄gænik] a ³Ýûñ·³Ý³Ï³Ý: ·³ñ. ÷Ëμ. Ë»ÝÃ, ˻ɳ·³ñ. an ~ plan Ë»-
in-patient [΄inpei∫nt] n ÑÇí³Ý¹³Ýáó³ÛÇÝ/ ɳóÝáñ Íñ³·Çñ. ~ hospital Ñá·»μáõųϳÝ
ëï³óÇáݳñ ÑÇí³Ý¹: ÑÇí³Ý¹³Ýáó. drive smb ~ ˻ɳ·³ñ»óÝ»É:
input [΄input] n Ùáõïù, Ý»ñ³ÝóáõÙ. the ~ of insanitary [in΄sænətəri] a ѳϳë³ÝÇï³-
information ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛ³Ý/ÇÝýáñÙ³ódzÛÇ ñ³Ï³Ý:
Ùáõïù. data ~ ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ Ý»ñ³ÝóáõÙ. labour insanity [in΄sænəti] n ˻ɳ·³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, Ë»-
~ ϳï³ñí³Í ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ ù³Ý³ÏÁ. ɳóÝáñáõÃÛáõÝ, Ñá·»Ï³Ý ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝ:
ÑÙÏñ·. input-output channel ÙáõïùÇ-»ÉùÇ insatiable [in΄sei∫əbl] a ³·³Ñ, ³Ýѳ·:
ϳݳÉ. ~ data/device/language Ùáõïù³ÛÇÝ inscribe [in΄skraib] v (Ý»ñ)·ñ»É, ¹ñáßÙ»É.
ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ/ë³ñù/É»½áõ: ٳϳ·ñ»É. ·ñ³Ýó»É. The auhor ~d my copy
inquest [΄inkwest] n Çñ³í. ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ, Ñ»- лÕÇݳÏÁ ٳϳ·ñ»ó ÇÙ ûñÇݳÏÁ. ~ names
ï³ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ: on the memorial ³ÝáõÝÝ»ñÁ Ñáõß³ï³Ëï³-
inquietude [in΄kwaiitju:d] n ³Ýѳݷëïáõ- ÏÇ íñ³ ·ñ»É/ٳϳ·ñ»É:
ÃÛáõÝ: inscription [in΄skrip∫n] n ٳϳ·ñáõÃÛáõÝ,
inquire [in΄kwaiə] v ѳñóÝ»É, ï»Õ»Ï³Ý³É, ٳϳ·Çñ ³ñӳݳ·ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÇٳݳÉ. ~ the name/address/occupation ѳñó- inscrutable [in΄skru:təbl] a ³ÝѳëϳݳÉÇ,
Ý»É ³ÝáõÝÁ/ѳëó»Ý/Ù³ëݳ·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝÁ. ~ ËáñÑñ¹³íáñ:
the price ·ÇÝÝ ÇٳݳÉ. ~ the way ׳ݳ- insect [΄insekt] n ÙÇç³ï. ÷Ëμ. áãÝãáõÃÛáõÝ.
å³ñÑÁ ѳñóÝ»É. ~ into the matter ·áñÍÁ Ñ»- harmful/harmless/flying ~ íݳë³Ï³ñ/³Ý-
ï³ùÝÝ»É/áõëáõÙݳëÇñ»É: íݳë/ÃéãáÕ ÙÇç³ï. an ~ bite ÙÇç³ïÇ ÏͳÍ:
inquiring [in΄kwaiəriŋ] a åñåïáÕ, ѳñó³- insecticide [in΄sektisaid] n ÙÇç³ï³ëå³Ý
ë»ñ. an ~ look ѳñó³Ï³Ý ѳ۳óù. ~ mind ÙÇçáó:
ѳñó³ë»ñ/åñåïáõÝ ÙÇïù: insecure [‚insi΄kjuə] a ³Ý³å³Ñáí, íï³Ý-
inquir/y [in΄kwairi] n ѳñóáõÙ, ï»Õ»Ï³Ýù. ·³íáñ. ³Ýíëï³Ñ»ÉÇ. ϳëϳͻÉÇ. The lad-
ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ѳí³ù»ÉÁ. make ~ies der is ~ ²Ûë ³ëïÇ׳ÝÁ íï³Ý·³íáñ ¿. an ~
ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ѳí³ù»É, ѳñó áõ ÷áñÓ job íï³Ý·³íáñ ³ß˳ï³Ýù. feel ~ Çñ»Ý
³Ý»É. (Ñ»ï³ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳñó³ùÝÝáõ- ³Ý³å³Ñáí ½·³É:
ÃÛáõÝ) prosecute an ~ Ñ»ï³ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³- insecurity [‚insi΄kjuərəti] n ³Ý³å³Ñáíáõ-
ï³ñ»É. set up an ~ Ñ»ï³ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ ëÏë»É. a ÃÛáõÝ. ³Ýíëï³Ñ»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ. feeling of ~
scientific ~ ·Çï³Ï³Ý ѻﳽáïáõÃÛáõÝ. ju- ³Ý³å³ÑáíáõÃÛ³Ý ½·³óáõÙ:
insensibility 436 insolent

inseminate [in΄semineit] v ó³Ý»É, ë»ñÙ³- ËëÏó. Ý»ñùÇÝ ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛáõÝ, 3. adv


Ý»É. ï³ñ³Í»É: Ý»ñëÁ, Ý»ñëáõÙ. 4. prep Come ~! Ü»ñë »Ï»ù.
insemination [in‚semi΄nei∫n] n μ»ÕÙݳíá- He’s ~ ËëÏó. ܳ Ýëï³Í ¿. It is cool ~
ñáõÙ. artificial ~ ³ñÑ»ëï³Ï³Ý μ»ÕÙݳíá- Ü»ñëáõÙ ½áí ¿. ~ an hour Ù»Ï Å³Ùí³ ÁÝ-
ñáõÙ: óóùáõÙ. put ~ the box/bag ïáõ÷Ç/å³-
insensibility [in‚sensə΄biləti] n ³Ý½·³Ûáõ- Ûáõë³ÏÇ Ù»ç ¹Ý»É:
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ýï³ñμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ£ insider [‚in΄saidə] n Ý»ñëÇ Ù³ñ¹. ³ÝÓª Ç
insensible [in΄sensəbl] a ³Ý½·³, ³Ýï³ñ- å³ßïáÝ» Çñ³½»Ï Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛ³Ý ·³Õï-
μ»ñ. áõ߳ó÷, áõß³·Ý³ó knock smn ~ ѳñ- ÝÇùÝ»ñÇÝ:
í³ÍÇó áõ߳ó÷í»É. lay ~ áõ߳ó÷ ÁÝÏ- insider [‚in΄saidə] a ɳí ï»Õ»Ï³óí³Í, Çñ³-
Ý»É. drink oneself ~ Ë»ÉùÁ ÏáñóÝ»Éáõ ã³÷ ½»Ï:
ËÙ»É. (³Ýï»ÕÛ³Ï) ~ of danger íï³Ý·Çó insidious [in΄sidiəs] a ݻݷ, ¹³ñ³Ý³Ï³É:
³Ýï»ÕÛ³Ï. by ~ degrees ³ÝÝϳï»- insight [΄insait] n Ëáñ³Ã³÷³ÝóáõÃÛáõÝ,
ÉÇ/³Ý½·³ÉÇ Ï»ñåáí: Ý»ñÁÙμéÝáõÙ, ÇÝïáõÇódz. a man of ~ Ëáñ³-
insensitive [in΄sensətiv] a ³Ý½·³, ³Ýï³ñ- ó÷³Ýó Ù³ñ¹. ~ into political affairs ù³Õ³-
μ»ñ. be ~ to beauty ·»Õ»óÇÏÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ ù³Ï³Ý Çñ³íÇ׳ÏÇ ÁÙμéÝáõÙ. ~ into the life
³Ýï³ñμ»ñ ÉÇÝ»É: ÏÛ³ÝùÇ Ñ³ëϳóáõÙ:
inseparable [in΄sepərəbl] 1. a ³Ýμ³Å³Ý, insignia [in΄signiə] n pl å³ïí³Ýß³ÝÝ»ñ,
³Ýμ³Å³Ý»ÉÇ, ³Ý³Ýç³ï»ÉÇ. ~ friends ³Ý- ï³ñμ»ñ³Ýß³ÝÝ»ñ:
μ³Å³Ý ÁÝÏ»ñÝ»ñ. 2. n Ý»ñ¹Çñ. ~ sheet Ý»ñ- insignificance [‚insig΄nifikəns] n ³Ýϳñ¨á-
¹Çñ (·ñùÇ, ³Ùë³·ñÇ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ): ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ÝÇÙ³ëïáõÃÛáõÝ:
insert [΄insə:t] n Ý»ñ¹Ý»É. ÙïóÝ»É. ½»ï»Õ»É. insignificant [‚insig΄nifikənt] a ³ÝÝß³Ý,
ï»Õ³¹ñ»É. ~ a key into μ³Ý³ÉÇ ÙïóÝ»É. ~ ãÝãÇÝ. ³Ýϳñ¨áñ:
some words áñáß μ³é»ñ ½»ï»Õ»É. ~ coins insincere [‚insin΄siə] a áã ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ, Ï»Õͳ-
into the machine ³íïáÙ³ïÇ Ù»ç ¹ñ³ÙÝ»ñ íáñ£
·ó»É. ~ an add in a newspaper Éñ³·ñáõ٠ѳÛ- insincerity [‚insin΄serəti] n ³ÝáõÕÕ³Ùïáõ-
ï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ½»ï»Õ»É. ~ mode ÑÙÏñ·. ½»- ÃÛáõÝ, Ï»ÕÍáõÃÛáõÝ. Ï»ÕͳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ:
ï»ÕÙ³Ý ³ß˳ï³Ï»ñå: insinuate [in΄sinjueit] v Ý»ñßÝã»É. ³ÝáõÕ-
insertion [in΄sə:∫n] n ï»Õ³íáñáõÙ, ï»Õ³¹- Õ³ÏÇ Ï»ñåáí ³ÏݳñÏ»É. ½ñå³ñï»É. What
ñáõÙ. ½»ï»ÕáõÙ: are you ~ing? ƱÝã »ù ³ÏݳñÏáõÙ£
in-service [‚in΄sə:vis] n áñ³Ï³íáñÙ³Ý insinuation [in‚sinju΄ei∫n] n ½ñå³ñïáõÙ£
μ³ñÓñ³óáõÙ. ~ training áñ³Ï³íáñÙ³Ý insipid [in΄sipid] a ³ÝѳÙ. ÷Ëμ. ³ÝÑ»-
μ³ñÓñ³óáõÙ ³é³Ýó ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÇó ï³ùñùÇñ, Ó³ÝÓñ³ÉÇ, ï³÷³Ï. ~ conversa-
Ïïñí»Éáõ: tion/person Ó³ÝÓñ³ÉÇ ½ñáõÛó. ³ÝÑ»-
inset [΄inset] n Ý»ñ¹Çñ (·ñùÇ, Éñ³·ñÇ). Ý»ñ- ï³ùñùÇñ Ù³ñ¹:
¹Çñ, Ïóí³Íù (½·»ëïÇ): insist [in΄sist] v åݹ»É, ѳٳé»É. ѳٳéá-
inshore [‚in΄∫ɔ:] 1. a ³é³÷ÝÛ³, Ù»ñÓ³÷Ý- ñ»Ý å³Ñ³Ýç»É. ~ on one’s rights Çñ Çñ³-
Û³. 2. adv ³÷ÇÝ Ùáï, ¹»åÇ ³÷Á. ~ fishing íáõÝùÝ»ñÁ å³Ñ³Ýç»É. I can’t ~ on it ºë ã»Ù
³é³÷ÝÛ³ ÓÏÝáñëáõÃÛáõÝ: ϳñáÕ ¹³ åݹ»É:
inside [‚in΄said] 1. n Ý»ñëÇ Ù³ëÁ/ÏáÕÙÁ. the insistence [in΄sistəns] n ѳëï³ï³Ï³Ùáõ-
~ of the building ß»ÝùÇ Ý»ñëÁ. the ~ of the coat ÃÛáõÝ, ѳٳéáõÃÛáõÝ. åݹáõÙ. ѳٳé å³-
í»ñ³ñÏáõÇ ³ëï³éÁ. ~ of a week ß³μ³Ãí³ Ñ³Ýç. ~ on punctuality ×ßï³å³ÑáõÃÛ³Ý
ÁÝóóùáõÙ. know smth from the ~ ÇëÏ³Ï³Ý å³Ñ³Ýç:
å³ï׳éÝ ÇٳݳÉ. (ѳ·áõëïÇ Ã³ñë insistent [in΄sistənt] a ѳëï³ï³Ï³Ù, ѳ-
ÏáÕÙÁ) ~ out óñë áõ ßÇï³Ï, ßáõé ïí³Í. Ù³é. an ~ demand ѳëï³ï³Ï³Ù å³Ñ³Ýç.
put one’s dress ~ out ßáñÁ óñë ѳ·Ý»É. know be ~ about smth ѳٳéáñ»Ý å³Ñ³Ýç»É:
the subject ~ out Ã»Ù³Ý ÇÙ³Ý³É μáÉáñ insofar [‚insə΄fa:] cnj ³ÛÝ ³ëïÇ׳ÝÇ, ³ÛÝ
Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí. 2. a Ý»ñëÇ. ~ ã³÷áí£
pockets Ý»ñëÇ ·ñå³ÝÝ»ñ. ~ information insolence [΄insələns] n ·áéá½áõÃÛáõÝ,
insoluble 437 instil(l)

ѳݹ·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: μ³½Ï³ÃáéáõÙ ï»Õ³íáñí»É. ~ a rector é»Ï-


insolent [΄insələnt] a ³Ùμ³ñï³í³Ý, ѳÝ- ïáñÇÝ å³ßïáÝáõÙ å³ßïáݳå»ë ѳë-
¹áõ·Ý, ÉÏïÇ: ï³ï»É:
insoluble [in΄sɒljubl] a ³ÝÉáõÍ»ÉÇ, ³Ýí×é»- installation [‚instə΄lei∫n] n ï»Õ³¹ñáõÙ, ï»-
ÉÇ. ùÇÙ. ãÉáõÍíáÕ, ³ÝÉáõÍ»ÉÇ: Õ³íáñáõÙ, ï»Õ³Ï³ÛáõÙ. ë³ñù³íáñáõÙ
insolvent [in΄sɒlvənt] n ëݳÝÏ, ³Ýí׳ñáõ- ³ÝóϳóÝ»ÉÁ:
ݳÏ. declare oneself ~ Çñ»Ý ëݳÝÏ/³Ýí׳- instalment [in΄stɔ:lmənt] n Ù³ëݳí׳ñ,
ñáõÝ³Ï Ñ³Ûï³ñ³ñ»É£ Ñ»ñÃ³Ï³Ý í׳ñ. buy/pay by ~s ï³ñ³Å³Ù-
insomnia [in΄sɒmniə] n ³ÝùÝáõÃÛáõÝ: Ï»ïáí Ù³ë ³é Ù³ë í׳ñáõÙ. by ~ ³å³-
insomuch [‚insəu΄mΛt∫] adv ³ÛÝù³Ý/³ÛÝ- éÇÏáí. monthly ~ ³Ù»Ý ³ÙÇë í׳ñ»Éáõ
ã³÷, áñ: å³ñï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ:
inspect [in΄spekt] v ½ÝÝ»É, ùÝÝ»É, ëïáõ·»É. instance [΄instəns] n ûñÇݳÏ, ¹»åù. å³-
ï»ëã³Ï³Ý ëïáõ·áõÙ/ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³ï³- ѳÝç, ËݹÇñ. Çñ³í. ³ïÛ³Ý. concrete/strik-
ñ»É. ~ luggage/tickets ëïáõ·»É áõÕ»μ»éÁ/ ing/only ~ ÏáÝÏñ»ï/½³ñٳݳÉÇ/ÙÇ³Ï ûñÇ-
ïáÙë»ñÁ. ~ smb’s work ëïáõ·»É/ÑëÏ»É Ù»ÏÇ Ý³Ï. in this ~ ³Ûë ¹»åùáõÙ. in every ~ Ûáõñ³-
³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ. ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï ³éÝ»É. ù³ÝãÛáõñ ¹»åùáõÙ. in the first ~ ³é³çÇÝ
All goods are ~ed ²ÙμáÕç ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÁ í»- Ñ»ñÃÇÝ, Ý³Ë ¨ ³é³ç. for ~ ûñÇݳÏÇ Ñ³-
ñ³ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï ¿ ·ïÝíáõÙ: Ù³ñ. court of first ~ ³é³çÇÝ ³ïÛ³ÝÇ ¹³-
inspection [in΄spek∫n] n ½ÝÝáõÙ, ùÝÝáõÙ, ï³ñ³Ý. at the ~ of smb ÇÝã-áñ Ù»ÏÇ
ëïáõ·áõÙ. ~ of documents ÷³ëï³ÃÕûñÇ Ëݹñ³Ýùáí/å³Ñ³Ýçáí:
½ÝÝáõÙ. an ~ of brakes ³ñ·»É³ÏÝ»ñÇ ëïáõ- instant [΄instənt] n ³ÏÝóñÃ, í³ÛñϳÝ. this
·áõÙ. medical ~ μÅßÏ³Ï³Ý ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ. Tick- ~ ³Ûë ñáå»ÇÝ, Ñ»Ýó ÑÇÙ³. the ~ Ñ»Ýó áñ. on
ets ready for ~! îáÙë»ñÁ ëïáõ·Ù³Ý å³ï- the ~ ³ÝÙÇç³å»ë, ÇëÏáõÛÝ. for an ~ ÙÇ
ñ³ï»°É: í³ÛñÏÛ³Ý/ÙáÙ»Ýï:
inspector [in΄spektə] n ï»ëáõã, ÑëÏÇã. í»- instant [΄instənt] a ³Ýѳå³Õ, ³ÝÑ»ï³Ó·»-
ñ³ùÝÝÇã. police/school ~ áëïÇϳݳϳÝ/ ÉÇ, ³ÝÙÇç³å»ë. an ~ reply/reaction ³ÝÙÇç³-
¹åñáóÇ ï»ëáõã. custom’s ~ Ù³ùë³ï³Ý Ï³Ý å³ï³Ë³Ý/黳Ïódz. ~ relief ³ÝÙÇ-
ÑëÏÇã. ticket ~ ïáÙë»ñÇ ÑëÏÇã:
ç³Ï³Ý ûèáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ dismissal ³Ýѳå³Õ
inspiration [‚inspə΄rei∫n] n Ý»ñßÝãáõÙ, á·»- ³½³ïáõÙ/³ñÓ³ÏáõÙ. (ÁÝóóÇÏ) your letter
ßÝãáõÙ, ËóÝáõÙ. draw ~ from Ý»ñßÝãí»É,
of the tenth ~ ÁÝóóÇÏ ³Ùëí³ ï³ëÇ Ý³-
á·»ßÝãí»É. have a sudden ~ ³Ýëå³ë»ÉÇ á·»-
Ù³ÏÁ. ~ coffee/tea ÉáõÍíáÕ ëáõñ×/ûÛ. ~ death
ßÝãí»É, ˳ݹ³í³éí»É:
³ÏÝóñóÛÇÝ Ù³Ñ:
inspire [in΄spaiə] v Ý»ñßÝã»É, á·»ßÝã»É, á·»- instantaneous [‚instən΄teiniəs] a í³ÛñÏ»-
íáñ»É. ³é³ç³óÝ»É, ¹ñ¹»É. It ~d him to write
ݳϳÝ, ³ÏÝóñóÛÇÝ, ñá廳ϳÝ, ~ act
a poem ¸ñ³ÝÇó á·»ßÝãí³Í ݳ åá»Ù ·ñ»ó.
³Ýѳå³Õ ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛáõÝ:
~ with hope/courage/fear ÑáõÛë/Ëǽ³Ëáõ-
ÃÛáõÝ/í³Ë Ý»ñßÝã»É. ~ confidence ÇÝùݳ-
instantly [΄instəntli] adv ÇëÏáõÛÝ, ³ÝÙÇç³-
å»ë. ³Ýѳå³Õ:
íëï³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ ³é³ç³óÝ»É:
inspired [in΄spaiəd] a á·»ßÝãí³Í. an ~ instead [in΄sted] adv ÷á˳ñ»Ý, ÷á˳ݳÏ.
~ of ÷á˳ñ»Ý. ~ of going/reading ·Ý³Éáõ/
speech á·»ßÝãí³Í ׳é. ~ guess »ñç³ÝÇÏ
Ïé³ÑáõÙ: ϳñ¹³Éáõ ÷á˳ñ»Ý. use wood ~ of stone
inspirer [in΄spaiərə] n á·»ßÝãáÕ, á·¨áñáÕ. ù³ñÇ ÷á˳ñ»Ý ÷³Ûï û·ï³·áñÍ»É:
¹ñ¹áÕ: instep [΄instep] n áïݳÃáõÙμ, óóÃÙμÇÏ:
instability [‚instə΄biləti] n ³ÝϳÛáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ, instigate [΄instigeit] v ¹ñ¹»É, ·ñ·é»É, Ññ³-
÷á÷á˳ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ£ Ññ»É. ÙÕ»É ~ a strike/mutiny ·áñͳ¹áõÉÇ/Ëéá-
install [in΄stɔ:l] v ï»Õ³íáñ»É, ѳëï³ï»É. íáõÃÛ³Ý ¹ñ¹»É/ËéáíáõÃÛáõÝ Ññ³Ññ»É. ~ stu-
~ a gas cooker/TV set ·³½ûç³Ë/Ñ»éáõëï³- dents to áõë³ÝáÕÝ»ñÇÝ ¹ñ¹»É:
óáõÛó ï»Õ³¹ñ»É. ~ central heating Ï»Ýïñá- instigation [‚insti΄gei∫n] n ë³¹ñ³Ýù,
Ý³Ï³Ý ç»éáõóáõÙ ³ÝóϳóÝ»É. ~ oneself in ¹ñ¹áõÙ. at her ~ Ýñ³ ¹ñ¹Ù³Ùμ:
a new flat/an armchair Ýáñ μݳϳñ³ÝáõÙ/ instigator [΄instigeitə] n ë³¹ñÇã. ¹ñ¹Çã.
instinct 438 insure

Ññ³ÑñÇã: ï³Ï. (ÙÇçáó, ½»Ýù) powerful/effective ~


instil(l) [in΄stil] v Ý»ñßÝã»É, Ý»ñ³ñÏ»É. å³ï- ѽáñ/·áñÍáõÝ, ³½¹áõ ÙÇçáó:
í³ëï»É (ëáíáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ). ~ a re- instrumental [‚instrə΄mentl] a ·áñÍÇù³ÛÇÝ.
spect for the law ûñ»ÝùÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ ѳñ- Ýå³ëïáÕ, ûųݹ³ÏáÕ. û·ï³Ï³ñ ·áñÍÇù
·³Ýù Ý»ñßÝã»É: ѳݹÇë³óáÕ. be ~ in ûųݹ³Ï»É, Ýå³ë-
instinct [΄instiŋkt] n μݳ½¹, Ñáï³éáõÃÛáõÝ, ï»É. û·ï³Ï³ñ ÉÇÝ»É:
Ýñμ³½·³óáõÃÛáõÝ. by ~ μݳ½¹áí. ~ for self- instrumentation [‚instrəmen΄tei∫n] n »ñÅß.
preservation ÇÝùݳå³Ñå³ÝÙ³Ý/å³ßïå³- ·áñÍÇù³íáñáõÙ:
ÝáõÃÛ³Ý μݳ½¹: insubordinate [‚insə΄bɔ:dinət] a ³Ñݳ-
instinctive [in΄stiŋktiv] a μݳ½¹³ÛÇÝ, ½³Ý¹, ³Ýϳñ·³å³Ñ:
μݳ½¹³Ï³Ý. an ~ feeling μݳ½¹³ÛÇÝ ½·³- insubstantial [‚insəb΄stæn∫l] a ³ÝÑÇÙÝ, áã
óáõÙ: ÑÇÙݳíáñí³Í. áã ¿³Ï³Ý. ~ evidence áã ¿³-
institute [΄institju:t] ÇÝëïÇïáõï (μáõÑ Ï³Ý ³å³óáõÛóÝ»ñ. an ~ meal ûè áõï»ëï:
/ùáÉ»ç). ѳëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝ, ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñ- insufferable [in΄sΛfərəbl] a ³ÝѳݹáõñÅ»-
åáõÃÛáõÝ: ÉÇ, ³Ýï³Ý»ÉÇ. ~ pain/heat ³Ýï³Ý»ÉÇ ó³í/
institute [΄institju:t] v ÑÇÙÝ»É, ÑÇÙݳ¹ñ»É. ßá·. ~ rudeness ³ÝѳݹáõñÅ»ÉÇ Ïáåïáõ-
ë³ÑٳݻÉ, ѳñáõó»É. ~ new procedures Ýáñ ÃÛáõÝ:
ϳñ·»ñ ÙïóÝ»É/ë³ÑٳݻÉ. ~ legal proceed- insufficiency [‚insə΄fi∫nsi] n å³Ï³ëáõÃÛáõÝ,
ings Çñ³í. ¹³ï³Ï³Ý ·áñÍ Ñ³ñáõó»É: μ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ ãÉÇÝ»ÉÁ:
institution [‚insti΄tju:∫n] n ÑÇÙÝáõÙ, ѳë- insufficient [‚insə΄fi∫nt] a ³Ýμ³í³Ï³Ý³-
ï³ïáõÙ. the ~ of a new comittee Ýáñ ÏáÙÇ- ã³÷. ³Ýμ³í³ñ³ñ. ãμ³í³Ï³Ý³óÝáÕ:
ï»Ç ÑÇÙݳ¹ñáõÙ. educational ~s áõëáõÙݳ- insular [΄insjulə] a ÏÕ½áõ, ÏսdzϳÝ. ³-
Ï³Ý Ñ³ëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. residential ~ ·Çß»- é³ÝÓݳó³Í, Ù»Ïáõë³ó³Í. ÷Ëμ. ë³ÑÙ³-
ñûÃÇÏ. (ëáíáñáõÛÃ) a long-established ~ ß³ï ݳ÷³Ï:
ÑÇÝ/í³Õáõó ѳëï³ïí³Í ëáíáñáõÛÃ: insulate [΄insjuleit] v Ù»Ïáõë³óÝ»É, ³Ýç³-
instruct [in΄strΛkt] v ëáíáñ»óÝ»É, áõëáõó³- ï»É. ÏսdzóÝ»É. ~ing tape Ù»Ïáõë³óÝáÕ
Ý»É, Ññ³Ñ³Ý·»É, óáõóÙáõÝù ï³É. ~ smb in ųå³í»Ý:
driving í³ñ»É ëáíáñ»óÝ»É. ~ the soldiers ½ÇÝ- insulation [‚insju΄lei∫n] n Ù»Ïáõë³óáõÙ,
íáñÝ»ñÇÝ Ññ³Ñ³Ý·»É. ~ the lawyer ÷³ë- ³é³ÝÓݳóáõÙ, ³Ýç³ïáõÙ. heat ~ ç»ñٳٻ-
ï³μ³ÝÇÝ Ñ³ÝÓݳñ³ñ»É Ïáõë³óáõÙ:
instruction [in΄strΛk∫n] n óáõóáõÙ, ϳñ·³- insulator [΄insjuleitə] n Ù»ÏáõëÇã, ³Ýç³ïÇã:
¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ, Ññ³Ñ³Ý·. ~s Ññ³Ñ³Ý·Ý»ñ. give insult [΄insΛlt] n íÇñ³íáñ³Ýù, ³Ý³ñ·³Ýù,
~s in swimming ÉáÕ³É ëáíáñ»óÝ»É. act on ~s ³Ýå³ïíáõÃÛáõÝ. personal ~ ³ÝÓݳϳÝ
·áñÍ»É Áëï Ññ³Ñ³Ý·Ç. teaching ~s áõëáõó- íÇñ³íáñ³Ýù. swalow an ~ íÇñ³íáñ³ÝùÁ
Ù³Ý Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñ. ~s for use û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý ÏáõÉ ï³É:
óáõóáõÙÝ»ñ/ϳñ·Á. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ code/ad- insult [in΄sΛlt] v íÇñ³íáñ»É, ³Ýå³ïí»É,
dress/counter/set/stream/time Ññ³Ñ³Ý·Ç Ïá¹/ ³Ý³ñ·»É:
ѳëó»/ѳßíÇã/ѳٳϳñ·/ß³ñù/ϳï³ñ- insuperable [in΄sju:pərəbl] a ³ÝѳÕó-
Ù³Ý Å³ÙÏ»ï: ѳñ»ÉÇ, ³ÝѳÕûÉÇ:
instructive [in΄strΛktiv] a áõë³Ý»ÉÇ. Ññ³- insupportable [‚insə΄pɔ:təbl] a ³Ýï³Ý»ÉÇ,
ѳݷã³Ï³Ý. áõëáõóáճϳÝ: ³ÝѳݹáõñÅ»ÉÇ:
instructor [in΄strΛktə] n Ññ³Ñ³Ý·Çã, áõëáõ- insurance [in΄∫uərəns] n ³å³Ñáí³·ñáõÙ,
óÇã: ³å³Ñáí³·ñÙ³Ý ·áõÙ³ñ. ~ policy ³å³-
instrument [΄instrəmənt] n ·áñÍÇù, ë³ñù, Ñáí³·Çñ. life ~ ÏÛ³ÝùÇ ³å³Ñáí³·ñáõÙ. ~
ÙÇçáó. string/wind ~s »ñÅß. ɳñ³ÛÇÝ/÷áÕ³- against fire, fire ~ ³å³Ñáí³·ñáõÙ Ññ¹»ÑÇ
ÛÇÝ ·áñÍÇùÝ»ñ. surgical ~s íÇñ³μáõÅ³Ï³Ý ¹»Ù. national ~ ³½·³ÛÇÝ ³å³Ñáí³·ñáõ-
·áñÍÇùÝ»ñ. (ë³ñù) precise/special/optical ~s ÃÛáõÝ social ~ ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý ³å³Ñáí³·ñáõ-
×ß·ñÇï/ѳïáõÏ/ûåïÇÏ³Ï³Ý ë³ñù»ñ. fly ÃÛáõÝ. ~ company ³å³Ñáí³·ñ³Ï³Ý ÁÝÏ»-
by ~s ÃéÇãùÁ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É ë³ñù»ñÇ ÑÇ- ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
Ù³Ý íñ³. ~ panel ë³ñù»ñÇ óáõó³ï³Ë- insure [in΄∫uə] v ³å³Ñáí³·ñ»É. ³å³Ñáí»É.
insurgent 439 intent

»ñ³ß˳íáñ»É: ~ oneself Çñ ÏÛ³ÝùÝ ³å³- rior/average ~ ³ñï³ëáíáñ/ÙÇç³Ï Áݹáõݳ-


Ñáí³·ñ»É. ~ against theft ·áÕáõÃÛ³Ý ¹»Ù ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ, high/low ~ μ³ñÓñ/ó³Íñ ÇÝï»-
³å³Ñáí³·ñ»É: É»Ïï. an ~ test Ùï³íáñ ϳñáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ
insurgent [in΄sə:dзənt] n ³åëï³Ùμ: ëïáõ·áõÙ. have the ~ to... μ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷
insurmountable [‚insə΄mauntəbl] a ³Ý- Ë»Éù áõݻݳÉ, áñå»ë½Ç...:
ѳÕóѳñ»ÉÇ: intelligence [in΄telidзəns] n ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝ,
insurrection [‚insə΄rek∫n] n ³åëï³Ùμáõ- Éáõñ. ÇÝýáñÙ³ódz. according to the latest ~
ÃÛáõÝ, ËéáíáõÃÛáõÝ, μáõÝï: ѳٳӳÛÝ í»ñçÇÝ ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ. the
intact [in΄tækt] a ³Ýíݳë, ³Ýíóñ. Ó»éù ~ service Ñ»ï³Ëáõ½³Ï³Ý ·áñͳϳÉáõ-
ãïí³Í His capital remained ~ Üñ³ ¹ñ³Ù³- ÃÛáõÝ. an ~ report Ñ»ï³Ëáõ½³Ï³Ý ï»Õ»-
·ÉáõËÁ Ùݳó ³ÝÓ»éÝÙË»ÉÇ: ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ an ~ officer Ñ»ï³Ëáõ½áõÃÛ³Ý
intake [΄inteik] n Ý»ñÃáÕáõÙ, Ý»ñÃáÕ ³Ýóù. ëå³:
ÁݹáõÝ»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ. ÁݹѳÝáõñ ù³Ý³Ïáõ- intelligent [in΄telidзənt] a Ë»Éáù, ˻ɳóÇ.
ÃÛáõÝ. the annual ~ ï³ñ»Ï³Ý ÁݹáõÝ»Éáõ- ˻ɳÙÇï. ѳëϳóáÕ. an ~ person/question/
ÃÛáõÝÁ, ÁݹѳÝáõñ ù³Ý³ÏÁ: being ˻ɳóÇ Ù³ñ¹, ˻ɳÙÇï ѳñó/³ñ³-
intangible [in΄tændзəbl] a ³Ýßáß³÷»ÉÇ, ñ³Í. ~ face/animal /eyes Ë»Éáù ¹»Ùù/ϻݹ³-
³ÝÝßÙ³ñ»ÉÇ. ³ÝÁÙμéÝ»ÉÇ. ~ assets áã ÝÛáõ- ÝÇ/ ³ãù»ñ. ¹»ÙùÇ Ë»É³óÇ ³ñï³Ñ³Ûïáõ-
Ã³Ï³Ý ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñ. ~ treaty ³Ó»éÝÙË»ÉÇ ÃÛáõÝ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ databank/device/memory/
å³Ûٳݳ·Çñ: network ÇÝï»É»Ïïáõ³É ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ μ³ÝÏ/
integer [΄intidзə] n Ù³Ã. ³ÙμáÕç ÃÇí: ë³ñù/ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝ/ó³Ýó:
integral [΄intigrəl]1. n ÇÝï»·ñ³É. 2. a ÉñÇí, intelligible [in΄telidзəbl] a ѳëϳݳÉÇ,
³ÙμáÕç, ³Ýμ³Å³Ý»ÉÇ. an ~ party ³Ýμ³- ¹ÛáõñÁÙμéÝ»ÉÇ:
ųݻÉÇ Ù³ë: intemperate [in΄tempərət] a ³Ýã³÷³íáñ,
integrate [΄intigreit] v ³ÙμáÕçáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³½- ³ÝÅáõÅϳÉ, ³Ý½áõëå. ËÇëï (ÏÉÇÙ³):
Ù»É, ÙdzóÝ»É. ~d ³ÙμáÕç³Ï³Ý. an ~ person- intend [in΄tend] v Ùï³¹ñí»É, Íñ³·ñ»É.
Ùï³¹Çñ ÉÇÝ»É. ~ no harm/offence áã ÙÇ ã³ñ
ality Ý»ñ³ÙμáÕç³Ï³Ý ³ÝÓ. ~ approach
Ùï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ãáõݻݳÉ. íÇñ³íáñ»Éáõ
ÙdzëÝ³Ï³Ý Ùáï»óáõÙ. ~ mission ѳÝñ³-
Ùï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ãáõݻݳÉ. The course is ~ed
·áõÙ³ñ³ÛÇÝ ³é³ù»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ:
¸³ëÁÝóóÁ ݳ˳ï»ëí³Í ¿:
integration [‚inti΄grei∫n] n ÙdzóáõÙ, ³Ù-
μáÕçáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³½Ù»ÉÁ. racial ~ é³ë³Û³Ï³Ý
intense [in΄tens] a áõÅ·ÇÝ, ɳñí³Í, »é³Ý-
¹áõÝ. »é³Ý¹áï. To my ~ regret Þ³ï ËÇëï
ÇÝï»·ñ³ódz. European ~ »íñ³ë»ñï³-
ó³íáõÙ »Ù. ~ heat/anger áõÅ·ÇÝ ßá·. ËÇëï
×áõÙ, »íñáÇÝï»·ñáõÙ:
½³ÛñáõÛÃ. ~ pain ëáõñ ó³í. ~ stupidity ³Ñ³-
integrity [in΄tegrəti] n ³ÙμáÕç³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, íáñ/ ³Õ³Õ³ÏáÕ ÑÇÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. an ~ gaze
³½ÝíáõÃÛáõÝ, ßÇï³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. territorial ~
먻éáõÝ Ñ³Û³óù:
ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ ³ÙμáÕç³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. a man
intensely [in΄tensli] adv áõÅ»Õ, ËÇëï. ~ un-
of ~ ³Ýϳ߳é Ù³ñ¹:
happy/grateful ËÇëï ¹Åμ³Ëï. Ëáñ³å»ë
intellect [΄intəlekt] n Ë»Éù, ÙÇïù, μ³Ý³- ßÝáñѳϳÉ. ~ cold ë³ëïÇÏ óáõñï£
ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ÇÝï»É»Ïï the great ~s of the age intensify [in΄tensifai] v áõŻճóÝ»É, ë³ëï-
¹³ñÇ Ëáßáñ Ùï³ÍáÕÝ»ñÁ: ϳóÝ»É. áõŻճݳÉ, ë³ëïϳݳÉ:
intellective [‚intə΄lektiv] a Ùï³íáñ, ÙïùÇ, intension [in΄ten∫n] n ɳñáõÙ, ×Ç·, ç³Ýù:
ÇÝï»É»Ïïáõ³É: intensity [in΄tensəti] n áõÅ»ÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ɳñí³-
intellectual [‚intə΄lektjuəl] 1. n Ùï³íáñ ³ß- ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. the ~ of feelings ½·³óÙáõÝù»ñÇ
˳ï³Ýù ϳï³ñáÕ Ù³ñ¹. Ùï³íáñ³Ï³Ý. áõÅ·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. speak with ~ ½·³óÙáõÝùáí
the ~s Ùï³íáñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ÇÝï»ÉÇ·»Ý- Ëáë»É:
ódz. 2. a Ùï³íáñ, ÙïùÇ, ÇÝï»É»Ïïáõ³É. ~ intensive [in΄tensiv] a ë³ëïÇÏ, ɳñí³Í
efforts Ùï³íáñ áõÅ»ñÇ É³ñáõÙ. Ùï³íáñ áõÅ»Õ:
ç³Ýù»ñ: intent [in΄tent] n Ùï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ¹Çï³íá-
intelligence [in΄telidзəns] n Ë»Éù, Ùï³íáñ ñáõÃÛáõÝ. to all ~s and purposes Áëï ¿áõÃÛ³Ý,
ϳñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ÁݹáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ. supe- ÷³ëïáñ»Ý. criminal ~ ѳÝó³íáñ ¹Çï³íá-
intent 440 interference

ñáõÃÛáõÝ. with ~ to kill ëå³Ý»Éáõ Ùï³¹ñáõ- ñ³μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ:


ÃÛ³Ùμ. with malicious ~ ã³ñ ¹Çï³íáñáõ- interdependence [‚intədi΄pendəns] n ÷á-
ÃÛ³Ùμ: ˳¹³ñÓ Ï³ËáõÙ:
intent [in΄tent] a áõß³¹Çñ, Ï»Ýïñáݳó³Í. interest [΄intrəst] n Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝ. great/
먻éáõÝ. Ùï³¹Çñ. ѳÏí³Í. be ~ on the arti- special/considerable/vivid/keen Ù»Í/ѳïáõÏ/
cle/game Ëáñ³ëáõ½í»É Ñá¹í³ÍÇ Ù»ç. ï³ñ- ½·³ÉÇ/Ý߳ݳϳÉÇó/³ßËáõÛÅ/ëáõñ Ñ»ï³-
í»É ˳Õáí: ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝ. take an ~ Ñ»ï³ùñùñí»É. show
intention [in΄ten∫n] n Ùï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ÙÇ- ~ Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝ óáõó³μ»ñ»É. arouse/lose
ïáõÙ. Ýå³ï³Ï. true ~ ÇëÏ³Ï³Ý Ùï³¹ñáõ- ~ Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝ ³é³ç³óÝ»É/ÏáñóÝ»É.
ÃÛáõÝ. good ~s μ³ñÇ Ùï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. His ~ is (Ý߳ݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ϳñ¨áñáõÃÛáõÝ) local/pub-
to study French ܳ Ýå³ï³Ï áõÝÇ ýñ³Ýë»- lic/general/practical ~ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý/ѳë³ñ³Ï³-
ñ»Ý ëáíáñ»É. have every ~ ѳëï³ï Ùï³- ϳÝ/ÁݹѳÝáõñ/·áñÍÝ³Ï³Ý Ý߳ݳÏáõ-
¹Çñ ÉÇÝ»É. reveal/conceal the ~ Ùï³¹ñáõ- ÃÛáõÝ. have scientific/educational ~ ·Çï³Ï³Ý/
ÃÛáõÝÁ Ç Ñ³Ûï μ»ñ»É/óùóÝ»É: ÏñÃ³Ï³Ý Ý߳ݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ. (ß³Ñ,
intentional [in΄ten∫nəl] a ¹Çï³íáñÛ³É, ¹Ç- ïáÏáë) in the ~s of safety ³å³ÑáíáõÃÛ³Ý
ïáõÙݳíáñ, ϳÝ˳Ùï³Íí³Í: ߳ѻñÇó »ÉÝ»Éáí. act in smb’s ~ Ù»ÏÇ ß³-
intently [in΄tentli] adv áõß³¹Çñ. look/listen ~ Ñ»ñÇ û·ïÇÝ ·áñÍ»É. yield/bear ~ ß³ÑáõÛÃ
áõß³¹Çñ ݳۻÉ/Éë»É: μ»ñ»É. simple/compound ~ å³ñ½/μ³ñ¹ ß³-
inter [in΄tə:] v óջÉ, ÑáÕÇÝ Ñ³ÝÓÝ»É: ѳïáÏáë. a high/low rate of ~ μ³ñÓñ/ó³Íñ
interact [‚intər΄ækt] v ÷áË·áñͳÏó»É: ïáÏáë³¹ñáõÛÃù. life ~ óÙ³Ñ Çñ³íáõÝù.
interaction [‚intər΄æk∫n] n ÷áË·áñͳÏóáõ- have a financial ~ in a company Ó»éݳñÏáõ-
ÃÛáõÝ: ÃÛáõÝáõÙ Çñ μ³ÅÇÝÝ áõݻݳÉ. a material ~
interbreed [‚intə΄bri:d] v ˳ã³ë»ñ(í)»É: ÝÛáõÃ³Ï³Ý ß³Ñ³·ñ·éí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. public ~
intercede [‚intə΄si:d] v ÙÇçÝáñ¹»É, μ³ñ»Ëá- å»ï³Ï³Ý/ѳÝñ³ÛÇÝ ß³Ñ»ñ:
ë»É. ÙÇç³Ùï»É. ~ with the manager ïÝûñ»ÝÇ interest [΄intrəst] v Ñ»ï³ùñùñ»É, ߳ѳ-
Ùáï ÙÇçÝáñ¹»É/ μ³ñ»Ëáë»É:
·ñ·é»É. The idea ~s me ²Ûë ÙÇïùÁ ÇÝÓ Ñ»-
intercept [΄intəsept] v ׳Ù÷ÇÝ μéÝ»É, Ó»é- ï³ùñùñáõÙ ¿. ~ oneself in smth áñ¨¿ μ³Ýáí
ùÇó ËÉ»É. ׳ݳå³ñÑÁ Ïïñ»É, ÙÇç³Ùï»É.
Ñ»ï³ùñùñí»É. be ~ed to know Ñ»-
ϳݷݻóÝ»É:
ï³ùñùñí³Í ÉÇÝ»É ÇٳݳÉáõ. for those who
intercession [‚intə΄se∫n] n ÙÇçÝáñ¹áõÃÛáõÝ, are ~ed Ýñ³Ýó ѳٳñ, áíù»ñ Ñ»-
μ³ñ»ËáëáõÙ:
ï³ùñùñíáõÙ »Ý£
interchange [΄intət∫eindз] n ÷á˳ݳÏáõÙ, interested [΄intrəstid] a ߳ѳ·ñ·éí³Í,
÷áËáõÙ. ~ views/gifts ѳ۳óùÝ»ñ/Ýí»ñÝ»ñ
ÏáÕÙݳϳÉ, ߳ѳ·ñ·Çé. an ~ audience
÷á˳ݳϻÉÁ:
áõß³¹Çñ áõÝÏݹÇñ. be financially ~ ýÇݳÝ-
interchangeable [‚intə΄t∫eindзəbl] a ÷á˳-
ë³å»ë ߳ѳ·ñ·éí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. The company
ݳϻÉÇ. (÷á˳¹³ñÓ³μ³ñ) ÷á˳ñÇÝ»ÉÇ.
is ~ ÀÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ߳ѳ·ñ·éí³Í ¿. Çñ³í.
The parts are ~ ²Ûë Ù³ë»ñÁ ÷á˳ݳϻÉÇ »Ý:
an ~ party ߳ѳ·ñ·éí³Í/߳ѳ·ñ·Çé ÏáÕÙ:
intercom [΄intəkɒm] n Ý»ñùÇÝ Ñ»é³Ëáë³-
ϳå. call smb on the ~ Ý»ñùÇÝ Ñ»é³Ëáëáí interesting [΄intrəstiŋ] a Ñ»ï³ùñùÇñ, Ñ»-
ϳåí»É: ï³ùñùñ³Ï³Ý:
intercommunicate [‚intəkə΄mju:nikeit] v interface [‚intəfeis] n ÷áË·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝ.
ϳå áõݻݳÉ, ѳÕáñ¹³Ïóí»É£ ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ϳåáÕ ûÕ³Ï:
interconnect [‚intəkə΄nekt] v ÷á˳¹³ñÓ interfere [‚intə΄fiə] v ˳éÝí»É, ÙÇç³Ùï»É,
ϳå ѳëï³ï»É, ϳå(í)»É. The rooms ~ μ³Ëí»É. don’t ~ in my affairs ÙÇ` ˳éÝí»ù
ê»ÝÛ³ÏÝ»ñÁ ѳÕáñ¹³ÏóíáõÙ »Ý: ÇÙ ·áñÍ»ñÇÝ. (˳ݷ³ñ»É, ³ñ·»Éù ÉÇÝ»É) ~
intercommunication [‚intəkəmju:ni΄- with smb’s work/plan/studies ˳ݷ³ñ»É ³ß-
kei∫n] n ÷á˳¹³ñÓ Ï³å: ˳ï³ÝùÁ/åɳÝÝ»ñÁ/å³ñ³åÙáõÝùÝ»ñÁ.
intercontinental [‚intəkɒnti΄nentl] a ÙÇç- Don’t ~ with me! ÆÝÓ ÙÇ° ˳ݷ³ñ»ù ~ with
Ù³Ûñó³Ù³ù³ÛÇÝ: each other ÙÇÙÛ³Ýó ˳ݷ³ñ»É. ~ with one’s
intercourse [΄intəkɔ:s] n ϳå, ß÷áõÙ, ѳ- papers ÃÕûñÇÝ Ó»éù ï³É/˳éÝ»É. She is al-
interfuse 441 interpose

ways ~ing ܳ ÙÇßï ³Ù»Ý ÇÝãÇÝ Ë³éÝíáõÙ ¿: ϳÙÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨):


interference [‚intə΄fiərəns] n ÙÇç³Ùïáõ- intermediary [‚intə΄mi:diəri] n, a ÙÇçÝáñ¹,
ÃÛáõÝ, ³ñ·»Éù. é³¹. ˳ݷ³ñáõÙÝ»ñ. ~ by ÙÇçÝáñ¹Ç, ÙÇçÝáñ¹³Ï³Ý:
the state å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇç³ÙïáõÃÛáõÝ: intermediate [‚intə΄mi:diət]1. a ÙÇç³ÝÏÛ³É.
interfuse [‚intə΄fju:z] v ˳éÝí»É, Ùdz- ÙÇçÝáñ¹, ÙÇçÝáñ¹³Ï³Ý ~ consumption/goods
˳éÝí»É: ÙÇç³ÝÏÛ³É ëå³éáõÙ/³ñï³¹ñ³Ýù, ÏÇë³-
intergovernmental [‚intə‚gΛvə΄mentl] a ý³μñÇϳï: 2. v ÙÇçÝáñ¹ ÉÇÝ»É, ÙÇçÝáñ¹Ç
ÙÇçϳé³í³ñ³Ï³Ý, ÙÇçå»ï³Ï³Ý. ~ com- ¹»ñ ˳ճÉ:
mittee ÙÇçϳé³í³ñ³Ï³Ý ÏáÙÇï»/ѳÝÓ- interment [in΄tə:mənt] n óÕáõÙ, ÑáÕÇÝ
ݳËáõÙμ: ѳÝÓÝ»ÉÁ:
interim [΄intərim]1. n ųٳݳϳÙÇçáó. in interminable [in΄tə:minəbl] a ³Ýí»ñç, ³Ý-
the ~ ³Û¹ ųٳݳϳÙÇçáóáõÙ. 2. a ųٳ- ë³ÑÙ³Ý:
ݳϳíáñ. ÙÇç³ÝÏÛ³É. an ~ report ݳËûñáù intermingle [‚intə΄miŋgl] v ˳éÝí»É.
ѳÕáñ¹áõÙ. ÙÇç³ÝÏÛ³É Ñ³ßí»ïíáõÃÛáõÝ. ß÷í»É. ÷á˳¹³ñÓ Ñ³ñ³μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ å³Ñ-
an ~ committee ųٳݳϳíáñ ÏáÙÇï». ~ å³Ý»É:
measures ųٳݳϳíáñ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ: intermission [‚intə΄mi∫n] n ÁݹÙÇçáõÙ, ¹³-
interior [in΄tiəriə]1. n (ß»ÝùÇ) Ý»ñëÇ Ù³- ¹³ñ. ¹³ë³ÙÇçáó, ³Ýïñ³Ïï. without ~ ³Ý-
ëÁ/ÏáÕÙÁ. »ñÏñÇ Ý»ñùÇÝ ßñç³ÝÝ»ñÁ/·áñÍ»- Áݹѳï, ³Ý¹³¹³ñ:
ñÁ. Department of the I~ Ý»ñùÇÝ ·áñÍ»ñÇ Ý³- intermittent [‚intə΄mitnt] a ÁݹÙÇçíáÕ,
˳ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ËëÏó. Ý»ñùÇÝÁ, μݳíáñáõ- ÁݹѳïíáÕ. ųٳݳϳíáñ, å³Ûٳݳ-
ÃÛáõÝÁ, Ñá·ÇÝ. 2. a Ý»ñëÇ, Ý»ñùÇÝ. ~ decora- ϳÝ. an ~ tapping ÁݹѳïíáÕ Ã³Ïáó:
tor Ý»ñùÇÝ Ñ³ñ¹³ñÙ³Ý Ó¨³íáñáÕ: intern [΄intə:n] n ·Çß»ñoÃÇÏ μÅÇßÏ (ÑÇí³Ý-
interjacent [‚intə΄dзeisənt] a ÙÇç³ÝÏÛ³É, ¹³ÝáóáõÙ ³ß˳ïáÕ ¨ ³åñáÕ):
ÙÇçÇÝ: intern [in΄tə:n] v Ý»ñϳɻÉ. ï»Õ³íáñ»É ÑÇ-
interjection [‚intə΄dзek∫n] n μ³ó³Ï³Ýãáõ- í³Ý¹³ÝáóáõÙ:
ÃÛáõÝ. ù»ñ. Ó³ÛݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝ: internal [in΄tə:nl] a Ý»ñùÇÝ, Ý»ñëÇ. ~ inju-
interlace [‚intə΄leis] v ÙdzÑÛáõë(í)»É: re/bleeding Ý»ñùÇÝ íݳëí³Íù/³ñÛáõݳÑá-
interline I [΄intəlain] v ÙÇçݳëï³é (í³- ëáõÃÛáõÝ. not for ~ use ÙdzÛÝ ³ñï³ùÇÝ ·áñ-
ïÇÝ) ¹Ý»É: ͳÍÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ. an ~ combustion engine Ý»ñ-
interline II [‚intə΄lain] v ïáÕ»ñÇ ³ñ³ÝùáõÙ ùÇÝ ³ÛñÙ³Ý ß³ñÅÇã. ~ law Ý»ñùÇÝ/Ý»ñå»-
·ñ»É: ï³Ï³Ý Çñ³íáõÝù/ûñ»Ýù. ~ politics Ý»ñùÇÝ
interlinear [‚intə΄liniə] a ÙÇçïáÕ³ÛÇÝ, ïáÕ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ interrupt
³é ïáÕ. ~ translation μ³é³óÇ/ïáÕ³ï³Ï Ý»ñùÇÝ ÁݹѳïáõÙ. ~ memory Ý»ñùÇÝ ÑÇ-
óñ·Ù³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: ßáÕ ë³ñù. ~ sort Ý»ñùÇÝ ï»ë³Ï³íáñáõÙ ~
interlock [‚intə΄lɒk] v ÙdzÏó(í)»É, ÷³Ï- timer Ý»ñ¹ñí³Í óÛÙ»ñ:
(í)»É: international [‚intə΄næ∫nəl] a ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ.
interlocution [‚intələ΄kju:∫n] n ½ñáõÛó, Ëá- agreement/market/ conference/trade/law ÙÇç³½-
ë³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ£ ·³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ/ßáõϳ/ÏáÝý»-
interlocutor [‚intə΄lɒkjutə] n ½ñáõó³ÏÇó, ñ³Ýë/ ³é¨ïáõñ/Çñ³íáõÝù. ~ undertakings
Ëáë³ÏÇó: ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ñ³μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. ~ legal
interlocutory [‚intə΄lɒkjutəri] a ~ procedure rules ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ Çñ³í³Ï³Ý ÝáñÙ»ñ:
ÙÇç³ÝÏÛ³É ÁÝóó³Ï³ñ·. ~ relief ųٳݳ- internecine [‚intə΄ni:sain] a »ñÏå³é³Ïï-
ϳíáñ Ýå³ëï: ã³Ï³Ý, Ïáñͳݳñ³ñ:
interlude [΄intəlu:d] n óïñ. ÙÇç³Ë³Õ. internet [΄intənet] n ѳٳó³Ýó, ÇÝï»ñ-
»ñÅß. ÙÇç»ñ·. ÁݹÙÇçáõÙ, ³Ýïñ³Ïï. in the Ý»ï. ~ service provider ѳٳó³ÝóÇ Í³é³-
~s of sunshine ³ñ¨Ç ¹áõñë ·³Éáõ ų- ÛáõÃÛáõÝ ïñ³Ù³¹ñáÕ:
ٳݳÏ: interplay [΄intəplei] n ÷á˳½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ:
intermarriage [‚intə΄mæridз] n ˳éÁ interpol [΄intəpɒl] n ÇÝï»ñåáÉ (ùñ»³Ï³Ý
³ÙáõëÝáõÃÛáõÝ (ï³ñμ»ñ ³½·»ñÇ/μ³ñ»- áëïÇϳÝáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñ-
interpret 442 intimate

åáõÃÛáõÝ): áÉáñí»É:
interpose [‚intə΄pəuz] v Ý»ñ¹Ý»É, ÙÇ糹ݻÉ. interurban [intər΄ə:bn] a ÙÇçù³Õ³ù³ÛÇÝ:
ÙÇç³Ùï»É: interval [΄intəvl] n ųٳݳϳÙÇçáó, ÙÇ-
interpret [in΄tə:prit] v Ù»Ïݳμ³Ý»É, μ³- çáó, ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ϳÝáݳíáñ ÁݹÙÇ-
ó³ïñ»É, óñ·Ù³Ý»É: çáõÙÝ»ñáí. at regular ~s ϳÝáݳíáñ ÁݹÙÇ-
interpretation [in‚tə:pri΄tei∫n] n Ù»Ïݳμ³- çáõÙÝ»ñáí. at rare ~s Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ³é ųٳ-
ÝáõÙ, μ³ó³ïñáõÙ ~ of a text/events/dreams ݳÏ. at yearly/monthly ~ Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ ï³-
ï»ùëïÇ Ã³ñ·Ù³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. »ñ³½Ý»ñÇ/ Çñ³- ñÇ/³ÙÇë. meal ~ ׳ßÇ ÁݹÙÇçáõÙ. at ~ of two
¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ù»Ïݳμ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. lib- weeks Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ »ñÏáõ ß³μ³Ã. Buses
eral/literal/narrow ~ ³½³ï/μ³é³óÇ/Ý»Õ Ù»Ï- leave at short ~s ²íïáμáõëÝ»ñÁ Ù»ÏÝáõÙ »Ý
ݳμ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ mischief ~ ˳μáõëÇÏ/ÙáÉá- ϳñ×³ï¨ ÁݹÙÇçáõÙÇó Ñ»ïá. after a brief ~
ñ»óÝáÕ Ù»Ïݳμ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: ϳñ× ¹³¹³ñÇó Ñ»ïá. at equal ~s ѳí³ë³ñ
interpreter [in΄tə:pritə] n Ù»Ïݳμ³Ý, Ù»Ï- ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³. We had coffee in the ~
ÝÇã. óñ·Ù³Ý, óñ·Ù³ÝÇã: ÀݹÇçÙ³ÝÁ Ù»Ýù ëáõñ× ËÙ»óÇÝù:
interrelated [‚intəri΄leitid] a ÷áËϳ- intervene [‚intə΄vi:n] v ÙÇç³Ùï»É, ˳éÝÁ-
å³Ïóí³Í: í»É. ~ in an argument í»×ÇÝ ÙÇç³Ùï»É. ~ in
interrelation [‚intəri΄lei∫n], interrela- smb’s behalf Ù»ÏÇÝ å³ßïå³Ý»É:
tionship [΄intəri΄lei∫ən∫ip] n ÷áËѳñ³- intervention [‚intə΄ven∫n] n ÙÇç³Ùïáõ-
μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ÷á˳¹³ñÓ Ï³å: ÃÛáõÝ, ÇÝï»ñí»Ýódz. armed ~ ½ÇÝí³Í ÙÇ-
interrogate [in΄terəgeit] v ѳñóÝ»É, ѳñó³- ç³ÙïáõÃÛáõÝ. thanks to her ~ ßÝáñÑÇí Ýñ³
ùÝÝ»É: ÙÇç³ÙïáõÃÛ³Ý:
interrogation [in‚terə΄gei∫n] n ѳñó³- interview [΄intəvju:] n ½ñáõÛó, ·áñÍݳϳÝ
ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ centre ѳñó³ùÝÝáõÃÛ³Ý μ³- ѳݹÇåáõÙ. a press/TV ~ Ù³ÙáõÉÇ/Ñ»éáõë-
ÅÇÝ: ï³ï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ñó³½ñáõÛó. call for an ~
interrogative [‚intə΄rɒgətiv] a ѳñó³Ï³Ý ѳñó³½ñáõÛóÇ/½ÝÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³Ýã»É. have an
(ݳ¨ ù»ñ., ¹»ñ. ¨ ³ÛÉÝ)£ ~ with ѳݹÇåáõÙ/ѳñó³½ñáõÛó áõݻݳÉ.
interrogator [in΄terəgeitə] n Çñ³í. ùÝÝÇã: grant smn an ~ ѳٳӳÛÝí»É Ù»ÏÇÝ Áݹáõ-
interrupt [‚intə΄rΛpt] v Áݹѳï»É. ÁݹÙÇ- Ý»É. arrange/give an ~ ѳñó³½ñáõÛó ϳ½Ù³-
ç»É. ˳ݷ³ñ»É. ~ the speaker/conversation/ Ï»ñå»É/ï³É:
journey/work Ñé»ïáñÇÝ/½ñáõÛóÁ/׳Ù÷áñ- interview [΄intəvju:] v ½ñáõó»É, ѳñó³-
¹áõÃÛáõÝÁ/³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ Áݹѳï»É. Traffic ½ñáõÛó áõݻݳÉ. A journalist ~ed me Èñ³-
was ~ed ºñè»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ ϳݷݻóí»ó/¹³- ·ñáÕÝ ÇÝÓ Ñ»ï ѳñó³½ñáõÛó ³Ýóϳóñ»ó:
¹³ñ»óí»ó. Don’t ~ me! ØÇ° ÁݹѳïÇñ/ interviewee [‚intəvju΄i:] n ѳñóíáÕ:
˳ݷ³ñÇñ: interviewer [΄intəvju:ə] ѳñó³½ñáõÛó/ѳñ-
interruption [‚intə΄rΛp∫n] n ÁݹѳïáõÙ, óáõÙ ³ÝóϳóÝáÕ:
ÁݹÙÇçáõÙ, ¹³¹³ñ. ï»Ë. ³Ýç³ïáõÙ. intervocalic [‚intəvəu΄kælik] a É»½í. Ó³Û-
˳ݷ³ñáõÙ. I don’t want any ~s â»Ù áõ½áõÙ, ݳíáñÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨ (·ïÝíáÕ):
áñ ÇÝÓ Ë³Ý·³ñ»Ý: intestate [in΄testeit] n, a Ïï³Ï ãÃáÕ³Í
intersect [‚intə΄sekt] v ˳ã³Ó¨(í)»É, ïñ³- ѳݷáõóÛ³É. die ~ Ù»éÝ»É ³é³Ýó Ïï³Ï
ٳ˳ã(í)»É. ѳï(í)»É£ ÃáÕÝ»Éáõ:
intersection [‚intə΄sek∫n] n ѳïáõÙ, ïñ³- intestinal [in΄testinl] a ³ÕÇù³ÛÇÝ:
ٳ˳ãáõÙ, ѳïÙ³Ý Ï»ï/·ÇÍ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ of intestine [in΄testin] n ϽÙË. ³ÕÇù. ~s
sets μ³½ÙáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ïáõÙ: ³ÕÇùÝ»ñ. small/large ~ μ³ñ³Ï/ѳëï ³ÕÇù:
intersperse [‚intə΄spə:s] v óñ»É, óñÇí ï³É. intimacy [΄intiməsi] n Ùï»ñÙáõÃÛáõÝ, Ùï»ñ-
½³Ý³½³Ý³Ï»ñå»É. violets ~d with daisies ÙÇÏ Ñ³ñ³μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ:
Ù³Ýáõß³ÏÝ»ñ ÁݹÙÇçí³Í Ù³ñ·³ñï³Í³- intimate [΄intimət] n Ùï»ñÙÇÏ, ÙáïÇÏ. an ~
ÕÇÏÝ»ñáí: friend/talk Ùï»ñÇÙ ÁÝÏ»ñ, Ùï»ñÙÇÏ ½ñáõÛó.
intertwine [‚intə΄twain] v ÙdzÑÛáõëí»É: be ~ ÙáïÇÏ ÉÇÝ»É. (ɳí ͳÝáÃ) have an ~
intertwist [‚intə΄twist] v (ÙÇÙÛ³Ýó Ñ»ï) knowledge with (ÝÛáõÃÇÝ, ûٳÛÇÝ) ù³ç³-
intimate 443 intrude

ï»ÕÛ³Ï/ɳí ͳÝáà ÉÇÝ»É. (³ÝÓݳϳÝ, ÇÝ- ù³ç:


ïÇÙ) ~ letters ³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý Ý³Ù³ÏÝ»ñ. be ~ intrepidity [‚intrə΄pidəti] n ³Ýí»Ñ»ñáõ-
with ³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý Ï³å»ñÇ Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É: ÃÛáõÝ, ù³çáõÃÛáõÝ:
intimate [΄intimeit] v Çñ³½»Ï ¹³ñÓÝ»É, ï»- intricacies [΄intrikəsis] n Ë××í³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ,
ջϳóÝ»É. ѳÛïÝ»É. ³½¹³ñ³ñ»É. He ~d his μ³ñ¹áõÃÛáõÝ. the ~ of the law ûñ»ÝùÇ μ³ñ-
approval ܳ ѳÛïÝ»ó Çñ ѳٳӳÛÝáõ- ¹áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ, Ë××í³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ:
ÃÛáõÝÁ: intricate [΄intrikət] a Ë××í³Í, μ³ñ¹.
intimation [‚inti΄mei∫n] n ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÙ, ËñÃÇÝ:
³½¹³ñ³ñáõÙ, ͳÝáõóáõÙ. first ~ ³é³çÇÝ intrigue [in΄tri:g] n μ³Ýë³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ, Ù»ù»-
ͳÝáõóáõÙ. The first ~ of it was ...²Û¹ Ù³ëÇÝ Ý³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ, ˳ñ¹³í³Ýù, ÇÝïñÇ·:
³é³çÇÝ ³Ý·³Ù Éëí»ó... ~s ѳÕáñ¹áõÙÝ»ñ intrigue [in΄tri:g] v ˳ñ¹³í³Ý»É, μ³Ýë³ñ-
(ûñÃáõÙ): Ï»É. Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ·ñ·é»É, Ñ»-
intimidate [in΄timideit] v í³Ë»óÝ»É, ³Ñ³- ï³ùñùñ»É. ~ against smb μ³Ýë³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ
μ»Ï»É. He is trying to ~ his brother ܳ ÷áñ- ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñå»É Ù»ÏÇ ¹»Ù. ~d to know
ÓáõÙ ¿ í³Ë»óÝ»É Çñ »ÕμáñÁ: ó³ÝÏ³Ý³É ÇٳݳÉ:
intimidation [in‚timi΄dei∫n] n í³Ë»óÝ»ÉÁ, intrinsic [in΄trinsik] a ѳïáõÏ, Ý»ñѳïáõÏ,
³Ñ³μ»ÏáõÙ: μÝáñáß. the ~ value Çñ³Ï³Ý ³ñÅ»ùÁ. his ~
into [΄intu, ΄intə] prep Ý»ñë, Ù»ç. go ~ the honesty Ýñ³Ý μÝáñáß ³½ÝíáõÃÛáõÝÁ:
room/house/garden ë»ÝÛ³Ï/ïáõÝ/å³ñ﻽ intrinsically [in΄trinsikli] adv Çñ³Ï³ÝáõÙ,
ÙïÝ»É. put ~ the box/pocket/bag ³ñÏÕÇ/ ·ñå³- Áëï ¿áõÃÛ³Ý, ¿³å»ë:
ÝÇ/å³Ûáõë³ÏÇ Ù»ç ¹Ý»É. include ~ the list introduce [‚intrə΄dju:s] v ÙïóÝ»É, Ý»ñë ï³-
óáõó³ÏÇ Ù»ç ÙïóÝ»É. get ~ a car Ù»ù»Ý³ Ý»É, Ý»ñÙáõÍ»É. ~ reforms/a fashion/a law μ³-
Ýëï»É. translate ~ English ³Ý·É»ñ»Ý óñ·- ñ»÷áËáõÙÝ»ñ /Ýáñ ï³ñ³½ ÙïóÝ»É. Ýáñ
ٳݻÉ: ûñ»Ýù ÏÇñ³é»É. ~ a bill ûñ»ÝùÇ Ý³Ë³·ÇÍÁ
intolerable [in΄tɒlərəbl] a ³Ýï³Ý»ÉÇ, ³Ý- ùÝݳñÏÙ³Ý ¹Ý»É. ~ a topic ûٳ ³é³ç³ñ-
ѳݹáõñÅ»ÉÇ: Ï»É. (Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É, ͳÝáóóÝ»É) May I ~
intolerance [in΄tɒlərəns] n ³ÝѳݹáõñÅá- Mr. Smith ÃáõÛÉ ïí»ù Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É å-Ý êÙÇ-
ÕáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÃÇÝ. I ~d them to each other ºë Ýñ³Ýó ͳÝá-
intolerant [in΄tɒlərənt] a ³ÝѳݹáõñÅáÕ, óóñÇ. ~ to chess ß³ËÙ³ï Ë³Õ³É ëáíá-
³ÝѳÙμ»ñ(³ï³ñ) ~ of criticism ùÝݳ¹³-
ñ»óÝ»É:
ïáõÃÛáõÝ ãѳݹáõñÅáÕ:
introduction [‚intrə΄dΛk∫n] n Ý»ñ³Íáõ-
intonation [‚intə΄nei∫n] n É»½í. ÑÝã»ñ³Ý·, ÃÛáõÝ, ݳ˳μ³Ý, ³é³ç³μ³Ý. (Ý»ñÙáõ-
ÇÝïáݳódz:
ÍáõÙ) rapid/gradual ~ ³ñ³·/³ëïÇ׳ݳϳÝ
intoxicate [in΄tɒksikeit] v ѳñμ»óÝ»É. ÷Ëμ. Ý»ñÙáõÍáõÙ. the ~ of new methods Ýáñ
³ñμ»óÝ»É. μÅßÏ. Ãáõݳíáñ»É£
Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñ Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»ÉÁ/Ý»ñÙáõÍáõÙÁ. ~ of
intoxicated [in΄tɒksikeitid] a ѳñμ³Í, ³ñ-
the subject/of new devices Ã»Ù³Ý Ý»ñϳ۳ó-
μ»ó³Í. get ~ ѳñμ»É. ~ by success ѳçáÕáõ-
Ý»ÉÁ. Ýáñ ë³ñù»ñÇ Ý»ñÙáõÍáõÙÁ. a letter of ~
ÃÛáõÝÇó ³ñμ»ó³Í:
ѳÝÓݳñ³ñ³Ï³Ý ݳٳÏ:
intoxication [in‚tɒksi΄kei∫n] n ³ñμ»óáõÙ,
ÇÝùݳÙáé³óáõÃÛáõÝ. μÅßÏ. ÇÝïáùëÇϳ-
introductory [‚intrə΄dΛktəri] a Ý»ñ³Í³-
ódz, ÃáõݳíáñáõÙ: ϳÝ, ݳËݳϳÝ. ~ course Ý»ñ³Í³Ï³Ý
intractable [in΄træktəbl] a ³ÝÑݳ½³Ý¹, ¹³ëÁÝóó:
ѳٳé. an ~ girl/problem Ñ³Ù³é ³ÕçÇÏ. introspection [‚intrəu΄spek∫n] n Ñá·»μ.
¹Åí³ñ/ͳÝñ åñáμÉ»Ù: ÇÝùݳ¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ÇÝùݳ¹ÇïáճϳÝ
intransigent [in΄trænsidзənt] n, a ëϽμáõÝù- í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛáõÝ:
Ý»ñÇÝ ã¹³í³×³ÝáÕ. ³Ýѳßï, ³ÝÝÏáõÝ: introspective [‚intrəu΄spektiv] a Ñá·»μ.
intransitive [in΄trænsətiv] a ù»ñ. an ~ verb ÇÝùݳ·Çï³Ï³Ý, ÇÝùݳ׳ݳãáճϳÝ:
³Ý³ÝóáÕ³Ï³Ý μ³Û: intrude [in΄tru:d] v Ý»ñËáõÅ»É, μéÝÇ ÙïÝ»É.
intravenous [‚intrə΄vi:nəs] a Ý»ñ»ñ³Ï³ÛÇÝ: í½ÇÝ ÷³Ã³Ãí»É, ½áéáí Ïåã»É. Journalists
intrepid [in΄trepid] a ³Ýí»Ñ»ñ, ³Ý»ñÏÛáõÕ, ~d on her privacy Èñ³·ñáÕÝ»ñÁ Ý»ñËáõÅáõÙ
intruder 444 invertebrate

»Ý Ýñ³ Ù³ëݳíáñ ÏÛ³ÝùÇ Ù»ç. I hope I’m invalidate [in΄vælideit] v ³Ýí³í»ñ ¹³ñÓ-
not ~ intruding Ðáõëáí »Ù, áñ ã»Ù ˳éÝíáõÙ Ý»É/ѳٳñ»É/׳ݳã»É. ûñÇÝ³Ï³Ý áõÅÇó
Ó»ñ ·áñÍ»ñÇÝ£ ½ñÏ»É. ~ the will/an act Ïï³ÏÁ/³ÏïÁ ³Ýí³-
intruder [in΄tru:də] n ½³íÃÇã. ³Ý»ñ»ë í»ñ ¹³ñÓÝ»É/ѳٳñ»É/׳ݳã»É:
Ù³ñ¹, ³ÝÏáã ÑÛáõñ: invaluable [in΄væljuəbl] a ³Ý·Ý³Ñ³ï»ÉÇ.
intrusion [in΄tru:зn] n Ý»ñËáõÅáõÙ, áõñÇß- ~ help ³Ý·Ý³Ñ³ï»ÉÇ û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
Ý»ñÇ Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇÝ μéÝÇ ïÇñ³Ý³ÉÁ. invariability [in‚veəriə΄biləti] n ³Ý÷á÷á-
Sorry for the ~ ÎÝ»ñ»ù Ý»ñËáõÅ»Éáõ ѳٳñ: Ë»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ, Ùßï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
intrusive [in΄tru:siv] a ³Ý»ñ»ë, åݹ»ñ»ë, invariable [in΄veəriəbl] a ³Ý÷á÷áË»ÉÇ,
Ó³ÝÓñ³óÝáÕ: ³Ý÷á÷áË. Ùßï³Ï³Ý, ѳëï³ïáõÝ:
intuition [‚intju΄i∫n] n Ý»ñÁÙμéÝáõÙ, Ïé³- invariably [in΄veəriəbli] adv ÙÇßï. He is ~
ÑáõÙ: late/ill ܳ ÙÇßï áõß³ÝáõÙ ¿/ÑÇí³Ý¹³ÝáõÙ ¿:
intuitive [in΄tju:ətiv] a Ý»ñÁÙμéÝáճϳÝ, invasion [in΄veiзn] n Ý»ñËáõÅáõÙ, ³ñß³-
Ïé³ÑáճϳÝ. ~ knowledge Ïé³ÑáÕ³Ï³Ý í³Ýù, ѳñÓ³ÏáõÙ. áõñÇßÇ Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇ
·Çï»ÉÇù: ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ áïÝÓ·áõÃÛáõÝ:
inundate [΄inΛndeit] v áÕáÕ»É, ѻջջÉ. The invasive [in΄veisiv] a Ý»ñËáõÅáÕ, ½³íÃáÕ³-
fields were ~d ¸³ßï»ñÁ ѻջÕí»É ¿ÇÝ çñáí. ϳÝ:
be ~d with applications ÷Ëμ. ¹ÇÙáõÙÝ»ñáí invective [in΄vektiv] n ѳÛÑáÛ³Ýù, Éáõï³Ýù.
ѻջջÉ. The town is ~d with tourists ø³Õ³ùÁ a stream of ~ ѳÛÑáÛ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ ÙÇ ³ÙμáÕç
ѻջÕí³Í ¿ ½μáë³ßñçÇÏÝ»ñáí: Ñáëù/ Ñáë³Ýù:
inure [i΄njuə] v Ïá÷»É, í³ñÅ»óÝ»É, ÁÝï»- inveigle [in΄vi:gl] v ·³ÛóÏÕ»É, ·É˳ѳÝ
ɳóÝ»É. ~ oneself to cold Çñ»Ý óñï³¹ÇÙ³ó- ³Ý»É/˳μ»É. He ~d me into selling ܳ ÇÝÓ
ÏáõÝ ¹³ñÓÝ»É. become ~d to ëáíáñ»É, ¹Ç- ѳÙá½»ó í³×³é»É:
ٳݳÉ: invent [in΄vent] v Ñݳñ»É, ·Ûáõï ³Ý»É. ÑáñÇ-
invade [in΄veid] v Ý»ñËáõÅ»É, ½³íûÉ, ïÇ- Ý»É, ë³ñù»É. ~ a new machine/method/a device
ñ»É. ~ a country/territory »ñÏÇñ/ï³ñ³Íù Ý»ñ- Ýáñ Ù»ù»Ý³/ë³ñù Ñݳñ»É. Ýáñ Ù»Ãá¹
ËáõÅ»É. (ѻջջÉ, áÕáÕ»É) Tourists ~d the city ëï»ÕÍ»É. ~ a story/an excuse å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ/
¼μáë³ßñçÇÏÝ»ñÁ Ñ»Õ»Õ»É »Ý ù³Õ³ùÁ be å³ïñí³Ï ÑáñÇÝ»É. ~ every word of it Ûáõ-
~d by guests ÑÛáõñ»ñÇó ѳݷÇëï/ ñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ μ³éÁ ÑáñÇÝ»É:
ѳݷëïáõÃÛáõÝ ãáõݻݳÉ: invention [in΄ven∫n] n ·Ûáõï, ·Ûáõï³ñ³ñáõ-
invader [in΄veidə] n ½³íÃÇã, ûÏáõå³Ýï: ÃÛáõÝ. useful/valuable/remarkable ~ û·ï³-
invalid [΄invəli:d] n ѳßٳݹ³Ù (ÑÇí³Ý¹). ϳñ/³ñÅ»ù³íáñ/Ý߳ݳíáñ ·Ûáõï:
invalid I [΄invəli:d] a ³Ý³ß˳ïáõݳÏ, inventive [in΄ventiv] a Ñݳñ³·»ï, ׳ñï³-
ѳßٳݹ³Ù. an ~ diet ëÝݹ³Ï³ñ· ÑÇí³Ý¹- ñ³ÙÇï. ~ mind/person Ñݳñ³·»ï ÙÇïù/
Ý»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. an ~ chair ³Ãáé ѳßٳݹ³Ù- Ù³ñ¹:
Ý»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. ÑÙÏñ·. ³Ýí³í»ñ ë˳É. ~ data inventiveness [in΄ventivnəs] n Ñݳñ³Ùïáõ-
ëË³É ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ. ~ character ëË³É ëÇÙíáÉ. ~ ÃÛáõÝ, Ñݳñ³·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ:
code ëË³É Ïá¹. ~ password ëË³É Ý߳ݳ- inventor [in΄ventə] n ·Ûáõï³ñ³ñ, Ñݳñ³-
μ³é£ ·»ï Ù³ñ¹:
invalid II [in΄vælid] a ³Ýí³í»ñ, ³Ý½áñ, inventory [΄invəntəri] n ·áõÛù³óáõó³Ï.
ûñÇÝ³Ï³Ý áõÅ/ãáõÝ»óáÕ. an ~ docu- ·áõÛù³·ñáõÙ. take/make an ~ ·áõÛù³·ñ»É.
ment/passport/cheque ³Ýí³í»ñ ÷³ëï³- enter smth on the ~ ·áõÛù³óáõó³ÏáõÙ Ýáñ
ÃáõÕÃ/³ÝÓݳ·Çñ/í׳ñ³·Çñ. (³ÝÑÇÙÝ/³Ý- μ³Ý ÙïóÝ»É:
³ñÅ»ù) an ~ argument ³Ý³ñÅ»ù ÷³ëï³ñÏ. inverse [‚in΄və:s] n, a ѳϳ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ,
an ~ excuse ³ÝÑÇÙÝ å³ïñí³Ï: ßñçí³Í ϳñ·. ßñçí³Í, ѳϳ¹³ñÓ: ÑÙÏñ·.
invalid [΄invəli:d] v ÑÇí³Ý¹³Ý³É, ³Ý³ß˳- ~ function ѳϳ¹³ñÓ ýáõÝÏódz. ~ image
ïáõÝ³Ï ¹³éݳÉ/¹³ñÓÝ»É. be ~ed out of the ѳϳ¹³ñÓ å³ïÏ»ñ. ~ matrix Ù³ïñÇó:
army ½ÇÝͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÇó ³½³ï»É (ÑÇí³Ý- inversion [in΄və:∫n] n ßñçáõÙ. ù»ñ. ßñçáõÝ
¹áõÃÛ³Ý å³ï׳éáí): ß³ñ³¹³ëáõÃÛáõÝ:
inverted commas 445 involve

invert [΄invə:t] v ßñç»É, ßáõé ï³É. ï»Õ»ñÁ invigorate [in΄vigəreit] v áõÅ ï³É, Ï»Ýëáõ-
÷áË»É. ~ the order of words μ³é»ñÇ Ï³ñ·Á Ý³Ï ¹³ñÓÝ»É, á·¨áñ»É:
÷áË»É/ßñç»É: invigorative [in΄vigərətiv] a ϳ½¹áõñÇã,
invertebrate [in΄və:tibrət] n ³ÝáÕݳ- ϳ½¹áõñáÕ, áõÅ ïíáÕ:
ß³ñ(³íáñ). ÷Ëμ. ³ÝáÕݳ߳ñ, ³Ýѳë- invincibility [in‚vinsə΄biləti] n ³ÝѳÕû-
ï³ï³Ï³Ù: ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ýå³ñï»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ:
inverted commas [in‚və:tid΄kɒməz] n ã³- invincible [in΄vinsəbl] a ³ÝѳÕÃ, ³ÝѳÕ-
Ï»ñïÝ»ñ: ûÉÇ, ³Ýå³ñï»ÉÇ:
invest [in΄vest] v å³ï»É, ͳÍÏ»É, ½·»ëï³- inviolability [in‚vaiələ΄biləti] n ³Ý˳Ë-
íáñ»É. Ý»ñ¹Ý»É, ûÅï»É, Édz½áñ»É. ~ in a firm ïáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ÝÓ»éÝÙË»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ. diplomatic
ýÇñÙ³ÛÇ Ù»ç ÷áÕ Ý»ñ¹Ý»É. ~ one’s money/ ~ ¹Çí³Ý³·Çï³³Ý ³ÝÓ»éÝÙË»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ:
capital ÷áÕ/ϳåÇï³É Ý»ñ¹Ý»É. (ûÅï»É) be inviolable [in΄vaiələbl] a ³ÝÓ»éÝÙË»ÉÇ, ³Ý-
~ed with full authority ÉñÇí Çß˳ÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ ˳Ëï. an ~ right/law ³Ý˳Ëï Çñ³íáõÝù.
ûÅï»É: ³Ýϳåï»ÉÇ Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñ/ûñ»Ýù:
investigate [in΄vestigeit] v ùÝÝ»É, Ñ»ï³- invisibility [in‚vizə΄biləti] n ³Ýï»ë³Ý»ÉÇáõ-
ùÝÝ»É. ѻﳽáï»É, áõëáõÙݳëÇñ»É. ~ ÃÛáõÝ:
crime/case/murder ѳÝó³·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ/·áñÍ/ invisible [in΄vizəbl] a ³Ýï»ë³Ý»ÉÇ, ³Ý-
ëå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ Ñ»ï³ùÝÝ»É. ~ climate/atmos- ÝßÙ³ñ»ÉÇ. the ~ man ³Ýï»ë³Ý»ÉÇ Ù³ñ¹Á. ~
phere/matter/the causes ÏÉÇÙ³Ý/ÙÃÝáÉáñïÁ/ particle ³ÝÝßÙ³ñ»ÉÇ Ù³ëÝÇÏ:
ѳñóÁ/å³ï׳éÝ»ñÁ áõëáõÙݳëÇñ»É: invitation [‚invi΄tei∫n] n Ññ³í»ñ. Ý»ñù³-
investigation [in‚vesti΄gei∫n] n Ñ»ï³ùÝÝáõ- ßáõÙ, Ý»ñù³ß»ÉÁ. by ~ Ññ³í»ñáí. send out
ÃÛáõÝ, ùÝÝáõÙ. ѻﳽáïáõÙ, áõëáõÙݳëÇ- ~s Ññ³í»ñÝ»ñ áõÕ³ñÏ»É. a letter of ~ Ññ³-
ñáõÃÛáõÝ. field ~ ¹»åùÇ í³ÛñÇ ½ÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ. íÇñ³ïáÙë:
hold an ~ Ñ»ï³ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ ³ÝóϳóÝ»É. con- invite [in΄vait] v Ññ³íÇñ»É, ϳÝã»É. ·³Ûó-
duct ~ ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ í³ñ»É. The case is under ~ ÏÕ»É, Ññ³åáõñ»É. ~ to supper/wedding ÁÝÃñÇ-
¶áñÍÁ Ñ»ï³ùÝÝíáõÙ ¿. ~ bureau ·áñͳ- ùÇ/ѳñë³ÝÇùÇ Ññ³íÇñ»É. ~ in/out Ý»ñë/
Ï³É³Ï³Ý ·ñ³ë»ÝÛ³Ï: ¹áõñë (áñ¨¿ ï»Õ) Ññ³íÇñ»É. (Ëݹñ»É) The
investigator [in΄vestigeitə] n ѻﳽáïáÕ, chairman ~d to speak/my opinion ܳ˳·³ÑÁ
áõëáõÙݳëÇñáÕ. ùÝÝÇã: Ëݹñ»ó ÇÝÓ »ÉáõÛà áõݻݳÉ/ѳÛïÝ»É ÇÙ
investigatory [in΄vestigeitəri] a ѻﳽá- ϳñÍÇùÁ. The speaker ~d questions ¼»Ïáõ-
ï³Ï³Ý, Ñ»ï³ùÝݳϳÝ: óáÕÁ Ëݹñ»ó ѳñó»ñ ï³É. (¹ñ¹»É, ³éÇÃ
investment [in΄vestmənt] n Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ, ϳ- ï³É) ~ trouble Çñ»Ý ÷áñÓ³ÝùÇ »ÝóñÏ»É.
åÇï³É³Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ. Ý»ñ¹ñí³Í ϳåÇï³É. ~ defeat å³ñïáõÃÛáõÝÇó ãËáõë³÷»É:
fixed/private ~ ϳÛáõÝ/Ù³ëݳíáñ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ- inviting [in΄vaitiŋ] a Ññ³åáõñÇã, ·ñ³íÇã.
Ý»ñ/³í³Ý¹. ~ bank/fund Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ³ÛÇÝ ù³ßáÕ, Ó·áÕ. ~ offer ·ñ³íÇã ³é³ç³ñÏ. The
μ³ÝÏ/ ÑÇÙݳ¹ñ³Ù. foreign/long-range ~ food looks very ~ àõï»ÉÇùÁ ß³ï ·ñ³íÇã/
ûï³ñ»ñÏñÛ³/»ñϳñ³Å³ÙÏ»ï Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ. Ññ³åáõñÇã ï»ëù áõÝÇ:
inward ~ Ý»ñ»ñÏñÛ³ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ: invoice [΄invɔis] 1. n ³åñ³Ýù³·Çñ. pro
investor [in΄vestə] n ³í³Ý¹³ïáõ: forma ~ ݳËÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ßÇí. as per ~ ѳٳ-
inveterate [in΄vetərət] a ³ñÙ³ï³ó³Í, Ó³ÛÝ ³åñ³Ýù³·ñÇ. 2. v ³åñ³Ýù³·Çñ
ÙáÉÇ, Ãáõݹ. an ~ bachelor ѳÙá½í³Í/ѳë- ¹áõñë ·ñ»É:
ï³ï³Ï³Ù ³ÙáõñÇ. an ~ gambler/smoker invoke [in΄vəuk] v Ïá㠳ݻÉ. û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ
ÙáÉÇ Ë³Õ³ë»ñ. Ãáõݹ ÍËáÕ. an ~ liar ³Ý- ϳÝã»É. Ëݹñ»É, ÙÇçÝáñ¹»É. Çñ³í. íϳ۳-
áõÕÕ»ÉÇ ëï³Ëáë. an ~ drinker Ãáõݹ ѳñμ»- Ïáã»É. ~ the protection of the law ¹ÇÙ»É
óáÕ. ~ prejudice ËáñÁ ³ñÙ³ï³ó³Í ݳ˳- ûñ»ÝùÇ å³ßïå³ÝáõÃÛ³ÝÁ:
å³ß³ñÙáõÝù: involuntary [in΄vɒləntəri] a ³Ï³Ù³, å³-
invidious [in΄vidiəs] a íÇñ³íáñ³Ï³Ý, íñ¹á- ï³Ñ³Ï³Ý. ÇÝùݳμ»ñ³Ï³Ý. an ~ movement
í»óáõóÇã. ³ï»ÉÇ. make ~ distinctions íÇñ³- ÇÝùݳμ»ñ³Ï³Ý ß³ñÅáõÙ. an ~ smile ³Ï³-
íáñ³Ï³Ý ѳٻٳïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ³ÝóϳóÝ»É: Ù³ ÅåÇï:
involved 446 irrecoverable

involve [in΄vɒlv] v Ý»ñ·ñ³í»É, Ý»ñù³ß»É. ~ ÆÝÓ çÕ³ÛݳóÝáõÙ ¿, î³Ý»É ã»Ù ϳñáÕ:


in the dispute í»×Ç/ùÝݳñÏÙ³Ý Ù»ç Ý»ñù³- irksome [΄ə:ksəm] a ï³ÕïϳÉÇ, Ñá·Ý»ó-
ß»É. ~ in shady business ϳëϳͻÉÇ ·áñÍÇ ÝáÕ, Ó³ÝÓñ³óáõóÇã. an ~ task ï³ÕïϳÉÇ
Ù»ç Ý»ñù³ß»É. be ~d in Ý»ñ·ñ³íí³Í/ Ý»ñ- ³ß˳ï³Ýù:
ù³ßí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. (Ý»ñ³é»É, å³ñáõݳϻÉ) It iron [΄aiən] n »ñϳÃ. cast ~ Ãáõç, ãáõ·áõÝ. as
~s great risk ¸³ Ù»Í éÇëÏ ¿ å³ñáõݳÏáõÙ. hard as ~ ËÇëï, ¹³Å³Ý. an ~ ³ñ¹áõÏ. hea-
The job ~s... ²ß˳ï³ÝùÁ Ý»ñ ¿ ³éÝáõÙ... vy/electric/hot ~ ͳÝñ/¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³Ý/ï³ù
(ϳå áõݻݳÉ, ϳåí³Í ÉÇÝ»É) persons who ³ñ¹áõÏ. ~s ßÕóݻñ, ϳå³ÝùÝ»ñ:
are ~d ³ÝÓÇÝù, áñáÝù ϳå áõÝ»Ý. be ~d in iron [΄aiən] a »ñϳû. ~ ore »ñϳÃÇ Ñ³Ýù. ~
the experiment ÷áñÓ³ñÏÙ³Ý Ñ»ï ϳå scrap Ù»ï³ÕÛ³ ç³ñ¹áÝ. ~ will/nerves/mus-
áõݻݳÉ: cles ÷Ëμ. »ñϳÃÛ³ ϳÙù/ ÝÛ³ñ¹»ñ/ÙϳÝ-
involved [in΄vɒlvd] a μ³ñ¹, Ë××í³Í, Ý»ñ:
¹Åí³ñ ѳëϳݳÉÇ. an ~ style/character iron [΄aiən] v ³ñ¹áõÏ»É. ~ out ѳñûÉ. ~ out
μ³ñ¹ á×/μݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ. get more and more ~ the creases ͳÉù»ñÁ (³ñ¹áõÏáí) ѳñûÉ. ~
³í»ÉÇ áõ ³í»ÉÇ μ³ñ¹³Ý³É: out misunderstandings ÷Ëμ. ÃÛáõñÇÙ³óáõ-
involvment [in΄vɒlvmənt] n Ë××í³Íáõ- ÃÛáõÝÁ ѳñûÉ/Ù»ÕÙ³óÝ»É. ~ clad ½ñ³Ñ³-
ÃÛáõÝ, μ³ñ¹áõÃÛáõÝ. Ý»ñ·ñ³íáõÙ, Ù³ëݳÏ- å³ï, ½ñ³Ñ³Ý³í:
óáõÃÛáõÝ. the extent of ~ Ù³ëݳÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ironic(al) [ai΄rɒnik(l)] a Ñ»·Ý³Ï³Ý, ͳÕ-
³ëïÇ׳ÝÁ: ñ³Ï³Ý:
invulnerable [in΄vΛlnərəbl] a ³ÝËáó»ÉÇ: ironing [΄aiəniŋ] n ³ñ¹áõÏáõÙ. do the ~ ëåÇ-
inward [΄inwəd] a Ý»ñùÇÝ Ý»ñëÇ. Ùï³íáñ, ï³Ï»Õ»ÝÁ ³ñ¹áõÏ»É. do without ~ ³ñ¹áõÏ-
Ñ᷻ϳÝ: Ù³Ý Ï³ñÇù ãáõݻݳÉ. ~ board ³ñ¹áõÏ»Éáõ
inwardly [΄inwədli] adv Ý»ñëáõÙ, Ý»ñùáõëï. ï³Ëï³Ï:
ÙïùáõÙ, ÇÝùÝ Çñ»Ý. ~ calm Ý»ñùáõëï ѳÝ- ironmonger [΄aiən‚mΛŋgə] n »ñϳóí³-
·Çëï. groan ~ ÙïùáõÙ/ÇÝùÝ Çñ»Ý ѳé³ã»É/ ׳é. »ñϳûջÝÇ Ë³ÝáõÃ, ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý
ïÝù³É: ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ Ë³ÝáõÃ:
inwards [΄inwədz] n pl ¹»åÇ Ý»ñë, Ý»ñë. ironworks [΄aiənwə:ks] n »ñϳóÓáõɳ-
open ~ ¹»åÇ Ý»ñë μ³óí»É: Ï³Ý ·áñͳñ³Ý:
iodine [΄aiədi:n] n Ûá¹: irony [΄airəni] a »ñϳÃÛ³. »ñϳû, »ñϳÃ
iota [ai΄əutə] n ãÝãÇÝ ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ϳÃÇÉ, å³ñáõݳÏáÕ:
ÝßáõÛÉ. not an ~ of truth ×ßÙ³ñïáõÃÛ³Ý áã ÙÇ irony [΄airəni] n, a Ñ»·Ý³Ýù, ͳÕñ, ͳÕñ³-
ÝßáõÛÉ: ϳÝ:
irascible [i΄ræsəbl] a ·ñ·éíáÕ, ½³Ûñ³óÏáï, irradiance [i΄reidiəns] n ׳鳷³ÛÃáõÙ, ßá-
¹Ûáõñ³μáñμáù: ÕáõÙ, ÷³ÛÉáõÙ:
irate [ai΄reit] a μ³ñϳó³Í, ó³ëÏáï, ½³Ûñ³- irradiant [i΄reidiənt] a ׳鳷³ÛÃáÕ, ÷³Û-
ó³Í: ÉáõÝ, ßáÕßáÕáõÝ:
ire [΄aiə] n ó³ëáõÙ, ½³ÛñáõÛÃ: irradiate [i΄reidieit] v ׳鳷³ÛûÉ, Éáõë³-
ireful [΄aiəfl] a ó³ëÏáï: íáñ»É, ÉáõÛë ë÷é»É:
iridescence [‚iri΄desns] n ·áõÛÝ»ñÇ »ñ÷Ý»- irrational [i΄ræ∫nəl] n ³Ýμ³Ý³Ï³Ý, ³Ý-
ñ³Ý·áõÃÛáõÝ, Ídzͳݳ÷³ÛÉáõÃÛáõÝ: ïñ³Ù³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý. ³ÝÙÇï. Ù³Ã. Çé³óÇá-
iridescent [‚iri΄desnt] a »ñ÷Ý»ñ³Ý·, μ³½- ݳÉ. an ~ person ³ÝËáÑ»Ù/áã ˻ɳóÇ Ù³ñ¹.
Ù³·áõÛÝ, Ídzͳݳ·áõÛÝ. ßáÕßáÕáõÝ, ÷³Û- ~ behaviour/fear ³ÝÙÇï í³ñù³·ÇÍ. ³Ýμ³-
ÉáõÝ: ó³ïñ»ÉÇ í³Ë. ~ argument ³Ýïñ³Ù³μ³-
iris [΄airis] n ϽÙË. ³ãùÇ ÍdzͳÝ, Ídzͳ- Ý³Ï³Ý ÷³ëï³ñÏ:
ݳóճÝÃ. μëμ. ÑÇñÇÏ: irrationality [i‚ræ∫ə΄næləti] n ³ÝáÕç³-
Irish [΄airi∫] n Çéɳݹ»ñ»Ý, Çéɳݹ³Ï³Ý. ËáÑáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ýïñ³Ù³μ³Ý³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ£
The ~ Çéɳݹ³óÇÝ»ñ. Irishman/woman Çé- irreclaimable [‚iri΄kleiməbl] a ³ÝáõÕÕ»ÉÇ.
ɳݹ³óÇ/áõÑÇ: ³Ýí»ñ³¹³ñÓ, ³Ý¹³ñÓ:
irk [ə:k] v Ó³ÝÓñ³óÝ»É. çÕ³ÛݳóÝ»É. It ~s me irrecognizable [i΄rekəgnaizəbl] a ³Ý׳ݳ-
irredeemable 447 isolation

ã»ÉÇ: ѳÕóѳñ»ÉÇ. ³Ý¹ÇÙ³¹ñ»ÉÇ.


irreconcilable [i΄rekənsailəbl] a ³Ýѳßï irresolute [i΄rezəlu:t] a ³Ýí×é³Ï³Ý, ï³-
(»ÉÇ), ³Ýѳٳï»Õ»ÉÇ: ï³ÝíáÕ:
irrecoverable [‚iri΄kΛvərəbl] a ³ÝáõÕÕ»ÉÇ, irrespective [‚iris΄pektiv] a ³ÝϳË. ~ of age
³ÝμáõÅ»ÉÇ, ³Ý¹³éݳÉÇ. ~ losses/damage ³ÝÏ³Ë ï³ñÇùÇó. ~ of consequences ³Ý-
³Ý¹³éݳÉÇ ÏáñáõëïÝ»ñ/íݳë: Ï³Ë Ñ»ï¨³ÝùÝ»ñÇó:
irredeemable [‚iri΄di:məbl] a ³ÝÑáõë³ÉÇ, irresponsibility [‚irispɒnsə΄biləti] n ³Ýå³-
ãí»ñ³μ»ñáÕ, ³Ýï»ÕÇ, áã ï»ÕÇÝ. ³Ýí»ñ³- ï³ë˳ݳïíáõÃÛáõÝ:
¹³ñÓ, ³ÝáõÕÕ»ÉÇ: irresponsible [‚iri΄spɒnsəbl] a ³Ýå³ï³ë-
irrefutable [i΄refju:təbl] a ³ÝÑ»ñù»ÉÇ, ³Ý- ˳ݳïáõ:
íÇ×»ÉÇ ~ presumption. ³ÝÑ»ñù»ÉÇ Ï³Ý˳- irresponsive [‚iri΄spɒnsiv] a ã³ñÓ³·³Ý-
í³ñϳÍ: ùáÕ. be ~ ã³ñÓ³·³Ýù»É, í»ñ³μ»ñÙáõÝù
irregular [i΄regjulə] n ³ÝϳÝáÝ, áã ϳÝá- óáõÛó ãï³É:
ݳíáñ. Çñ³í. ³ÝûñÇݳϳÝ. ~ triangle/sha- irretrievable [‚iri΄tri:vəbl] a ³ÝáõÕÕ»ÉÇ,
pe/features ³ÝϳÝáÝ »é³ÝÏÛáõÝ. ³Ýѳٳ- ³Ýѳïáõó»ÉÇ, ³Ýí»ñ³¹³ñÓ:
ã³÷ ·Í³·Çñ/Ó¨. ~ verb ³ÝϳÝáÝ μ³Û. ~ de- irreverent [i΄revrənt] a ³Ýѳñ·³ÉÇó, ³Ý-
livery/attendance ³ÝϳÝáÝ ³é³ùáõÙ/ѳ׳- å³ïϳé:
ËáõÙ. (áã ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý, ãÁݹáõÝí³Í) ~ irreversible [‚iri΄və:səbl] a ³Ý¹³ñÓ»ÉÇ, ³Ý-
process/proceedings ³Ýëáíáñ ·áñÍÁÝóó/ ÷á˳ñÏ»ÉÇ. an ~ process ³Ýßñç»ÉÇ ·áñÍÁÝ-
·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. (³ÝѳñÃ, ³Ýѳí³- óó. an ~ decision ³Ý¹³éݳÉÇ/í»ñçݳϳÝ
ë³ñ) ~ breathing/pulse ³Ýѳí³ë³ñ/³Ýϳ- áñáßáõÙ:
ÝáÝ ßÝã³éáõÃÛáõÝ/½³ñÏ»ñ³Ï. ~ troops ³Ý- irrigate [΄irigeit] v áéá·»É, çñ»É. μÅßÏ. áÕá-
ϳÝáÝ ½áñù»ñ: Õ»É, Éí³Ý³É:
irregularity [i‚regju΄lærəti] n ³ÝϳÝáÝáõ- irrigation [‚iri΄gei∫n] n áéá·áõÙ. ~ canal
ÃÛáõÝ, ˳ËïáõÙ, ³ÝѳñÃáõÃÛáõÝ: áéá·Ù³Ý çñ³Ýóù. μÅßÏ. Éí³óáõÙ, áÕáÕáõÙ:
irrelevance [i΄reləvəns] n ·áñÍÇÝ ãí»ñ³μ»- irritable [΄iritəbl] a ¹Ûáõñ³·ñ·Çé, ¹Ûáõñ³-
ñáÕ μ³Ý. ³Ýå³ï»ÑáõÃÛáõÝ. áã ï»ÕÇÝ ÉÇ- μáñμáù:
Ý»ÉÁ: irritate [΄iriteit] v ·ñ·é»É, μ³ñϳóÝ»É, ½³Û-
irrelevant [i΄reləvənt] a ·áñÍÇÝ ãí»ñ³μ»- ñ³Ý»É. be ~d ½³Ûñ³Ý³É, μ³ñϳݳÉ:
ñáÕ, ³Ýï»ÕÇ, áã ï»ÕÇÝ. ~ question áã ï»- irritating [΄iriteitiŋ] a ½³Ûñ³óáõóÇã, μ³ñ-
ÕÇÝ/ ·áñÍÇÝ ãí»ñ³μ»ñáÕ Ñ³ñó. be ~ ³Ýï»- ϳóÝáÕ, an ~ habit ½³Ûñ³óÝáÕ/μ³ñϳóÝáÕ
ÕÇ ÉÇÝ»É. ~ to the situation ïíÛ³É Çñ³íÇ׳- ëáíáñáõÃÛáõÝ. find smn very ~ ËÇëï ½³Û-
ÏÇÝ ãí»ñ³μ»ñáÕ. ñ³óÝáÕ Ñ³Ù³ñ»É/·ïÝ»É:
irremediable [‚iri΄mi:diəbl] a ³ÝáõÕÕ»ÉÇ, irritation [‚iri΄tei∫n] n μ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ½³Û-
³ÝμáõÅ»ÉÇ: ñáõÛÃ, ·ñ·éáõÙ (ݳ¨ μÅßÏ.):
irremovable [‚iri΄mu:vəbl] a ³Ýμ³ó³é»ÉÇ, Islam [΄izla:m] n ÏñáÝ. ÇëɳÙ, Ù³ÑÙ»¹³Ï³-
³ÝѳÕóѳñ»ÉÇ. ³Ý÷á˳ñÇÝ»ÉÇ, Ùßï³- ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
ϳÝ: Islamite [΄izləmait] n, a ÙáõëáõÉÙ³Ý. ÙáõëáõÉ-
irreparable [i΄repərəbl] a ³ÝáõÕÕ»ÉÇ, ³Ý- ٳݳϳÝ, Ù³ÑÙ»¹³Ï³Ý:
ѳïáõó»ÉÇ. ³Ý¹³éݳÉÇ. ~ damage ³Ýѳ- island [΄ailənd]1. n ÏÕ½Ç. green/rocky/unin-
ïáõó»ÉÇ íݳë: habited/deserted ~ ϳݳã/ųÛéáï/³ÝÙ³ñ-
irreplaceable [‚iri΄pleisəbl] a ³Ýѳïáõó»- ¹³μݳÏ/Éùí³Í ÏÕ½Ç. 2. a ÏÕ½áõ,
ÉÇ, ³Ý÷á˳ñÇÝ»ÉÇ, ³Ýí»ñ³Ï³Ý·Ý»ÉÇ: ÏսdzϳÝ:
irrepressible [‚iri΄presəbl] a ³Ý½ëå»ÉÇ, islander [΄ailəndə] n ÏսdzμݳÏ. ÏÕ½»óÇ:
³Ýë³ÝÓ»ÉÇ. ~ laughter ³Ý½áõëå ÍÇͳÕ. ~ isle [ail] n ÏÕ½Ç the British I~s ´ñÇï³Ý³Ï³Ý
child ³Ý¹³¹ñáõÙ »ñ»Ë³: ÏÕ½ÇÝ»ñ:
irreproachable [‚iri΄prəut∫əbl] a ³Ýμ³ëÇñ, islet [΄ailət] n ÏÕ½Û³Ï:
³Ýå³ñë³í»ÉÇ£ isolate [΄aisəleit] v Ù»Ïáõë³óÝ»É, ³é³ÝÓ-
irresistible [‚iri΄zistəbl] a ³ÝѳÕûÉÇ, ³Ý- ݳóÝ»É. ÏսdzóÝ»É. ³Ýç³ï»É. ùÇÙ. ³Ýç³-
isolator 448 ivy

ï»É, ëï³Ý³É: Ýáñ ßáñÝ ¿. impers. It is easy/difficult/cold


isolated [΄aisəleitid] a ³é³ÝÓݳó³Í, Ù»Ïáõ- лßï ¿, òáõñï ¿, ¸Åí³ñ ¿. That’s just it! лÝó
ë³ó³Í. an ~ spot/village Ù»Ïáõë³ó³Í í³Ûñ/ ³Û¹å»ë, ¸³ ³Û¹å»ë ¿:
·ÛáõÕ: Italian [i΄tæljən] n Çï³É³óÇ, Çï³ÉáõÑÇ.
isolation [‚aisə΄lei∫n] n Ù»Ïáõë³óáõÙ, ³- Çï³É³Ï³Ý. Çï³É»ñ»Ý:
é³ÝÓݳóáõÙ, ³Ýç³ïáõÙ. ~ ward μÅßÏ. Ù»- italics [i΄tæliks] n pl (ݳ¨ italic type) ߻ճ-
Ïáõë³ñ³Ý. (μ³ÝïáõÙ) å³ïųËáõó: ·Çñ. in ~ ߻ճ·ñáí:
isolator [΄aisəleitə] n Ù»ÏáõëÇã, ³Ýç³ïÇã. italicize [i΄tælisaiz] v ~ a word μ³éÁ ߻ճ-
μÅßÏ. Ù»Ïáõë³ñ³Ý: ·ñáí ³Ýç³ï»É:
Israeli [iz΄reili], Israelite [iz΄riəlit] n, a itch [it∫] n ùáñ. ÷Ëμ. ³Ý¹ÇÙ³¹ñ»ÉÇ ó³ÝÏáõ-
Ññ»³, »μñ³Û»óÇ. Ññ»³Ï³Ý, »μñ³Û³Ï³Ý: ÃÛáõÝ. an ~ in the foot áïùÁ ùáñ ·³É. an ~ to
issue [΄i∫u:] n μ³óÃáÕáõÙ, ÃáÕ³ñÏáõÙ, ÉáõÛë travel ׳Ù÷áñ¹»Éáõ Ù»Í ó³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÁÝͳۻÉÁ. ïå³ù³Ý³Ï. ~ of coins/stamps/ itch [it∫] v ùáñ ·³É. ~ all over ³ÙμáÕç Ù³ñÙÇ-
shares ¹ñ³ÙÇ. ݳٳϳÝÇßÇ/μ³ÅÝ»ïáÙë»- ÝÁ ùáñ ·³É. The children were ~ing to get out
ñÇ ÃáÕ³ñÏáõÙ. government ~ å»ï³Ï³Ý ³ñ- ºñ»Ë³Ý»ñÁ ³ÝѳÙμ»ñ ¿ÇÝ ¹áõñë ·³Éáõ:
ï³¹ñ³Ýù/ÃáÕ³ñÏáõÙ. ~ price ÃáÕ³ñÏÙ³Ý itchy [΄it∫i] a ùáñ ³é³ç³óÝáÕ/»ÏáÕ. have ~
·ÇÝ. (ѳٳñ) a back/latest ~ of the magazine feet ÷Ëμ. ï»ÕáõÙ ¹³¹³ñ ãÙݳÉ. have got an
³Ùë³·ñÇ ÑÇÝ/í»ñçÇÝ Ñ³Ù³ñÁ. (³ñ¹ÛáõÝù, ~ palm ϳ߳é³Ï»ñ ÉÇÝ»É:
ѻ勉Ýù) in the ~ í»ñçÇÝ Ñ³ßíáí, áñå»ë item [΄aitəm] n (Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ) ³é³ñϳ,
ѻ勉Ýù. await the ~ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÇÝ/»ÉùÇÝ Çñ/ѳñó/Ï»ï/å³ñ³·ñ³ý, Ñá¹í³Í. impor-
ëå³ë»É. bring to a successful ~ (μ³ñ»)ѳçáÕ tant/minor/main ~ ϳñ¨áñ/»ñÏñáñ¹³Ï³Ý/
³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÇ Ñ³ëóÝ»É. (íÇ×»ÉÇ/ùÝݳñÏíáÕ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý Ï»ï. The list contains ten ~s òáõ-
ѳñó) ~ of the fact ÷³ëïÇ íÇ׳ñÏáõÙ. the ó³ÏáõÙ ï³ëÁ ³é³ñϳ ¿ Ýßí³Í. the first ~
point at ~ ùÝݳñÏíáÕ Ñ³ñóÁ. topical ~ ³ñ- on the programme Íñ³·ñÇ ³é³çÇÝ Ñ³Ù³ñÁ.
¹Ç³Ï³Ý ѳñó/ËݹÇñ. a political/side ~ ù³- commodity ~s ëå³éÙ³Ý ³é³ñϳݻñ. an ~
Õ³ù³Ï³Ý/ÏáÕÙݳÏÇ Ñ³ñó. be at ~ ï³ñ³- on the agenda ûñ³Ï³ñ·Ç ѳñó. an ~ on the
Ó³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ. evade/face the ~ ѳñ- catalogue ѳٳñ ϳï³Éá·áõÙ. ~ by ~ Ï»ï
óÇó Ëáõë³÷»É. åñáμÉ»ÙÇ ³é³ç ϳݷݻÉ. ³é Ï»ï. an ~ in the newspaper ѳÕáñ¹áõÙ
take ~ ï³ñ³Ï³ñÍÇù ÉÇÝ»É. force the ~ ûñÃáõÙ. disagree on some ~s áñáß Ñ³ñ-
åݹ»É ѳñóÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý íñ³. ~ of law ûñ»ÝùÇ ó»ñáõÙ ï³ñ³Ó³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ:
ÏÇñ³éÙ³Ý Ñ³ñó. (ë»ñáõݹ, ½³í³ÏÝ»ñ) iterate [΄itəreit] v ÏñÏÝ»É, ÝáõÛÝÁ åݹ»É:
without ~ ³Ý½³í³Ï: iteration [‚itə΄rei∫n] n ÏñÏÝáõÙ, ÏñÏÝáÕáõ-
issue [΄i∫u:] v μ³ó ÃáÕÝ»É, ÃáÕ³ñÏ»É, ÉáõÛë ÃÛáõÝ:
ÁÝͳۻÉ. ~ newspaper/new coin/stamps/loans itinerant [ai΄tinərənt] a ó÷³éáÕ, ó÷³-
ûñÃ/Ýáñ Ù»ï³Õ³¹ñ³Ù/ݳٳϳÝÇßÝ»ñ/ é³Ï³Ý. ßñçÇÏ, ßñç³·³ÛáÕ. ~ players ó-
å³ñï³ïáÙë»ñ ÃáÕ³ñÏ»É. ~ a writ of sum- ÷³éáÕ/ßñçÇÏ ¹»ñ³ë³ÝÝ»ñ:
mons ¹³ï³Ï³Ý ·áñÍ ëÏë»Éáõ Ññ³Ù³Ý itinerary [ai΄tinrəri] n »ñÃáõÕÇ, áõÕ»ñÃ, áõ-
³ñӳϻÉ. ~ a court order ¹³ï³Ï³Ý Ññ³- Õ»óáõÛó ·Çñù. plan one’s ~ »ñÃáõÕÇ Ï³½Ù»É:
Ù³Ý ³ñӳϻÉ. (ï³É, Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñ»É) ~ a itinerate [ai΄tinəreit] v ó÷³é»É. ßñç»É,
certificate/warrant íϳ۳ϳÝ/ûñ¹»ñ ï³É. ~ ßñç³·³Û»É. ׳ݳå³ñÑáñ¹»É:
instructions Ññ³Ñ³Ý·³íáñ»É. ~ a rifle to each its [its] pron poss Çñ, Ýñ³, Ýñ³ÝÁ. ~ (the cat’s/
man ³Ù»Ý Ù»ÏÇÝ Ññ³ó³Ý ï³É. The book name Ýñ³ (ϳïíÇ) ³ÝáõÝÁ:
was ~d ¶ÇñùÁ ÉáõÛë ÁÝͳÛí»ó. (Ñáë»É, ¹áõñë itself [it΄self] pron refl ÇÝùÁ. by ~ ÇÝùÝÇÝ,
ó÷í»É) Blood ~d from... ²ñÛáõÝÁ ¹áõñë ¿ñ ÇÝùÝÁëïÇÝùÛ³Ý. The house stands by ~
ÑáëáõÙ... A strange sound ~d from his lips ܳ Þ»ÝùÝ ³é³ÝÓÇÝ ¿ ϳݷݳÍ. set ~ a task
ï³ñûñÇÝ³Ï Ó³ÛÝ ³ñӳϻó: Çñ»Ý ³éç¨ ËݹÇñ ¹Ý»É:
isthmus [΄isməs] n å³ñ³Ýáó, Ý»Õáõó: ivor/y [΄aivəri] 1. n ÷ÕáëÏñ. ÷ÕáëÏñÇ
it [it] prn pers, dem It is my new dress ¸³ ÇÙ ·áõÛÝÁ. ~ies μÇÉdzñ¹Ç ·Ý¹³ÏÝ»ñ, ¹³ßݳ-
449

J, j [dзei] n ³Ý·ÉÇ³Ï³Ý ³Ûμáõμ»ÝÇ ï³ëÝ»- ϳÝ/¹³ÑáõÏ³í³½ùÇ Ïáõñïϳ. Dinner ~


ñáñ¹ ï³éÁ: ëÙáÏÇÝ·. Eton ~ ϳñ× Ïáõñïϳ. strait ~
jab [dзæb] n ÏáåÇï ѳñí³Í, ù³óÇ, ³ù³óÇ, ½ëå³ß³åÇÏ. (Ï×»å) ϳñïáýÇÉÇ potatoes
~ with a knife ¹³Ý³Ïáí ѳñí³Í»É. ~ a per- cooked in their ~s Ï×»åáí »÷³Í ϳñïáýÇÉ.
son ³ñ³· ѳñí³Í ѳëóÝ»É. μÅßÏ. ëñëÏáõÙ. ß³åÇÏ (·ñùÇ) the photo on the ~ ß³åÇÏÇ
cholera ~ ëñëÏáõÙ ËáÉ»ñ³ÛÇ ¹»Ù: íñ³ÛÇ Éáõë³ÝϳñÁ:
jab [dзæb] v Ëñ»É, Ññ»É, μáûÉ. ~ smn in the jacketed [΄dзækitid] a μ³×ÏáÝ/Å³Ï»ï ¨
ribs ÏáÕ»ñÇ Ù»ç ѳñí³Í ѳëóÝ»É. ~ the ³ÛÉÝ Ñ³·³Í:
meat with fork å³ï³é³ù³ÕÁ ÙëÇ Ù»ç Ëñ»É. jack-in-the-box [΄dзækinðəbɒks] n ˳ճ-
~ with a bayonet ëíÇÝáí ͳϻÉ, ëíÇݳѳ- ÉÇù (¹áõñë ó³ïÏáÕ ýÇ·áõñ³Ûáí):
ñ»É: jack-knife [΄dзæknaif] n ͳÉáíÇ ¹³Ý³Ï:
jabber [΄dзæbə] n ß³Õ³Ïñ³ï³Ýù, ß³ï³- jack-o‘-lantern [‚dзækə΄læntən] n ó÷³-
ËáëáõÃÛáõÝ. ÙñÃÙñÃáó. They were ~ing away éáÕ Ïñ³Ï/Ñáõñ:
in Italian Üñ³Ýù ß³Õ³Ïñ³ïáõÙ ¿ÇÝ Çï³É»- jacklift [΄dзæklift] n ³Ùμ³ñÓÇã ë³ÛɳÏ:
ñ»Ý: jack plane [΄dзækplein] n ï»Ë. é³Ý¹³:
Jack I [dзæk] 1. n ËëÏó. ïÕ³Ù³ñ¹. ÷Ëμ. jack pot [΄dзækpɒt] n ÃÕÃË. μ³ÝÏ, ߳ѳÍ
ãÝãÇÝ/÷áùñ Ù³ñ¹. ï»Ë. ³Ùμ³ñÓÇã, ¹áÙ- ³Ù»Ý³Ëáßáñ ·áõÙ³ñÁ. ÉáïáÛÇ Ë³Õ³ñ-
Ïñ³ï. ~ and Jill/Gill »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹ ïÕ³ ¨ ÏáõÙ. hit the ~ ѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ:
³ÕçÇÏ. ~ of all trades ³Ù»Ý μ³ÝÇ í³ñå»ï. jack straw [΄dзækstrɔ:] n ÍÕáï, ÓáÕÇÏ
~ Frost ÓÙ»é å³åÇ. every man ~ ³Ù»Ý Ù»ÏÁ/ (ËÙ»Éáõ ѳٳñ):
Ù³ñ¹. ~ pudding Ó»éݳÍáõ. yellow ~ ¹»Õ- jack-towel [΄dзæk‚tauəl] n (ÓáÕ³÷³ÛïÇ
ݳï»Ý¹. ~ in office ãÇÝáíÝÇÏ, μÛáõñáÏñ³ï. íñ³ åïïíáÕ) ëñμÇã:
~ Ketch ¹³ÑÇ×. before you could say ~ Robin- jade I [dзeid] n ѳÉÇó ÁÝÏ³Í ÓÇ. ËëÏó.
son ß³ï ³ñ³·, ³ãù¹ ãóñóÍ. 2. v ~ up Ïéí³ñ³ñ ÏÇÝ. saucy ~ ³Ýå³ïϳé ÏÇÝ:
³ß˳ï³í³ñÓÁ/·Ý»ñÁ μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É. ~ up jade II [dзeid] n ÑÝù. Ý»ýñÇï:
a car Ù»ù»Ý³Ý ³Ùμ³ñÓÇãáí μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É: jaded [dзeidid] a ѳÉÇó ÁÝϳÍ, ï³Ýçí³Í,
jack II [dзæk] n Íáí. óéϳϳÛÙÇ ¹ñáß³Ï. áõųëå³é:
Union ~ ´ñÇï³Ý³Ï³Ý ³½·³ÛÇÝ ¹ñáß³ÏÁ. jag [dзæg] n ëáõñ »Éáõëï/·³·³Ã/³ï³Ù/
have a ~ up ¹ñáßÁ μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É: ù³éÃ, Ïïñí³Íù. μÅßÏ. ëñëÏáõÙ:
Jack-a-dandy [‚dзækə΄dændi] n ËëÏó. jagged [dзægd] a (ݳ¨ jaggy) ³ï³Ùݳíáñ.
å×ݳÙáÉ, ¹»Ý¹Ç: ~ rocks ëñ³Í³Ûñ ³å³é³Å:
jackal [΄dзækɔ:l] n ßݳ·³ÛÉ: jaguar [΄dзægjuə] n ϻݹ. ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý Ñá-
jackanapes [΄dзækəneips] n ѳݹáõ·Ý/ã³ñ í³½:
Ù³ñ¹: jail [dзeil] n μ³Ýï, μ³Ýï³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ. be in ~
jackass [΄dзækæs] n ³ñáõ ¿ß, ³í³Ý³Ï. μ³ÝïáõÙ/μ³Ýï³ñÏí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. break/escape
÷Ëμ. ÑÇÙ³ñ ³åáõß: from ~ μ³ÝïÇó ÷³Ëã»É. let out of ~ μ³Ý-
jack-boot [΄dзækbu:t] n »ñϳñ³×Çï ïÇó μ³ó ÃáÕÝ»É. get out of ~ μ³ÝïÇó ³½³-
(ÍÝÏÇó í»ñ) ÏáßÇÏ: ï»É:
jackdaw [΄dзækdɔ:] n ϻݹ. ³ñçݳ·é³í, jail [dзeil] v μ³Ýï³ñÏ»É, μ³Ýï Ýëï»óÝ»É.
ë¨ ³·é³í: ~ed for life óÙ³Ñ μ³Ýï³ñÏ»É:
jacket [΄dзækit] n μ³×ÏáÝ. Ïáõñïϳ. doudle- jailbird [΄dзeilbə:d] n ËëÏó. ùñ»³Ï³Ý ѳÝ-
breasted ~ »ñÏùÕ³Ýóù μ³×ÏáÝ. ~ lapels/pock- ó³·áñÍ, μ³Ýï³ñÏÛ³É:
ets μ³×ÏáÝÇ ¹³ñӳͳÉ, ɳóϳÝ/·ñå³Ý- jailer [΄dзeilə] n μ³Ýï³å»ï, μ³Ýï³å³Ý:
Ý»ñ. leather/sports/skiing ~ ϳßí»/Ù³ñ½³- jalopy [΄dзæləpi] n ËëÏó. ÑÇÝ/˳ñËáõÉ ³í-
jalousie 450 jay-walker

ïáÙ»ù»Ý³/ÇÝùݳÃÇé: jape [dзeip]1. n Ïáõï³Ï. 2. v Ïáõï³Ï ³Ý»É,


jalousie [΄зæluzi:] n ß»ñï³í³ñ³·áõÛñ: Ïáõï³Ï»É:
jam I [dзæm] n Ùáõñ³μ³, ç»Ù. ~ tart ç»Ùáí jar I [dзa:] n ɳÛݳμ»ñ³Ý ë³÷áñ, μ³Ýϳ. a
ϳñϳݹ³Ï. money for ~ Ñ»ßï ³ß˳ï³Í ~ of honey ÙÇ μ³Ýϳ Ù»Õñ. a ~ of pickles ÙÇ
÷áÕ»ñ. real ~ ËëÏó. ѳ×áõÛù, í³Û»Éù: μ³Ýϳ ÃÃáõ ¹ñ³Í í³ñáõÝ·. a ~ of face
jam II [dзæm] n Ëó³Ý, ë»ÕÙáõÙ. ³ÙμáË. cream ¹»ÙùÇ ùëáõùÇ ³Ýáà put the flowers
Ïáõï³Ï. traffic ~ »ñè»ÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ëó³ÝáõÙ. into a ~ ͳÕÇÏÝ»ñÁ ë³÷áñÇ Ù»ç ¹Ý»É:
~ at the entrance/bar ÑñÙßïáó/Ïáõï³Ï Ùáõï- jar II [dзa:] n ÑñáõÙ. çÕ³ÛÇÝ óÝóáõÙ, ßáÏ. The
ùÇ/μ³ñÇ Ùáï. be in a bit of a ~ ïÑ³× íÇ׳- letter gave me a ~ ܳٳÏÝ ÇÝÓ óÝó»ó:
ÏÇ/÷áñÓ³ÝùÇ Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É. get smb out of a ~ jar III [dзa:] n on the ~ ËëÏó. ÏÇë³μ³ó:
û·Ý»É/¹áõñë μ»ñ»É ÷áñÓ³ÝùÇ: jar [dзa:] v Ññ»É, ó÷³Ñ³ñ»É. ûè Ïåã»É. I
jam [dзæm] v ×½Ù»É, ïñáñ»É. Ëó³Ý»É, ÷³- must have ~red the vase ºñ¨Ç (ûè) Ïå³
Ï»É. ~ the entrance ÙáõïùÁ ÷³Ï»É. The river ëÏáõï»ÕÇÝ. (³½¹»É) His voice ~s on me Üñ³
was ~med with logs ¶»ïÁ Ëó³Ýí³Í ¿ñ ·»-
Ó³ÛÝÁ ³Ï³Ýçë ͳÏáõÙ ¿. (ãÝ»ñ¹³ßݳϻÉ)
ñ³ÝÝ»ñáí. ~ the finger in the door Ù³ïÁ
These colours ~ ²Ûë ·áõÛÝ»ñÁ ã»Ý Ý»ñ¹³ßݳ-
¹é³Ý ³ñ³ÝùáõÙ ÃáÕÝ»É/×½Ù»É. ~ a program/
ÏáõÙ:
station (é³¹.) ˳ݷ³ñ»É é³¹ÇáÛÇ/ϳ۳ÝÇ
jargon [΄dзa:gən] n ͳÍϳɻ½áõ, ųñ·áÝ:
ѳÕáñ¹áõÙÝ»ñÁ. (ËóÏ»É, ËáûÉ) ~ the clo-
jarring [΄dзa:riŋ] a ½ÇÉ (Ó³ÛÝÇ Ù³ëÇÝ). ÷Ëμ.
thes into the case Çñ»ñÁ ËóÏ»É ×³ÙåñáõÏÇ
½³Ûñ³óÝáÕ. ~ colours áã ѳñÙáÝÇÏ ·áõÛÝ»ñ:
Ù»ç. The room was ~med ê»ÝÛ³ÏÁ ÉÇùÝ ¿ñ. He
~med the papers into his pocket ܳ ÃÕûñÁ
jasmin(e) [΄dзæzmin] n μëμ. ѳëÙÇÏ:
·ñå³ÝÁ Ëáûó. (áõÅ»Õ ë»ÕÙ»É) ~ on the
jasper [΄dзæspə] n ÑÝù. ѳëåÇë:
brakes áõÅ»Õ ³ñ·»É³Ï»É/ë»ÕÙ»É ³ñ·»É³Ï-
jaundice [΄dзɔ:ndis]1. n μÅßÏ. ¹»ÕݳËï.
yellow ~ ¹»Õݳï»Ý¹ ÷Ëμ. Ù³ÕÓáïáõÃÛáõÝ,
Ý»ñÁ. ï»Ë. ˳÷³Ýí»É, Ééí»É. The steering
ã³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ÷Ëμ. ݳ˳ÝÓ, ˳ݹ. 2. v
wheel has ~med Ô»ÏÁ Ééí»É/˳÷³Ýí»É ¿:
¹»ÕݳËï ³é³ç³óÝ»É. ݳ˳ÝÓ ß³ñÅ»É:
jamboree [‚dзæmbə΄ri:] n ³Ù. ËëÏó.
ËÝçáõÛù, Ï»ñáõËáõÙ, ù»ý:
jaundiced [΄dзɔ:ndist] a μÅßÏ. ¹»ÕݳËïáí
jamfull [΄dзæmf(u)l] a (ݳ¨ ~ packed) É»÷- ÑÇí³Ý¹³ó³Í. ÷Ëμ. Ùé³ÛÉ. take a ~ view of
É»óáõÝ, ë»ÕÙ ËóÏí³Í. The bus is ~ ²íïá- life ÏÛ³ÝùÇÝ Ùé³ÛÉ Ó¨áí ݳۻÉ:
μáõëÁ É»÷-É»óáõÝ ¿: jaunt [dзɔ:nt] n ½í³ñ׳½μáë³Ýù. go for a ~
jamjar [΄dзæmdзa:] n ³å³Ï» μ³Ýϳ: to ½í³ñ׳½μáë³Ýù ϳï³ñ»É:
Janet [΄dзɔint ‚ækə΄demik ΄netwə:k] ÑÙÏñ·. jaunty [΄dзɔ:nti] a ÇÝùݳ·áÑ, ³ÝÑá·,
(Joint Academic Network) ØdzóÛ³É ²Ï³¹»- ½í³ñÃ. a ~ young man ³ßËáõÛÅ »ñÇï³-
ÙÇ³Ï³Ý ò³Ýó: ë³ñ¹:
jangle [΄dзæŋgl] n ß³ãáõÝ, ½ñÝ·áó. the ~ of Java [΄dзa:və] ÑÙÏñ·. Íñ³·ñ³íáñÙ³Ý É»½áõ:
keys/chains μ³Ý³ÉÇÝ»ñÇ ½ñÝ·áó. ßÕóݻñÇ javelin [΄dзævəlin] n ï»·:
½Ý·½Ý·áó, ß³ãÛáõÝ: jaw [dзɔ:] n ÍÝáï. ËëÏó. ß³ï³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝ.
jangle [΄dзæŋgl] v ½ñÝ·³É, ½Ý·½Ý·³É, ß³ã»É. ~s μ»ñ³Ý.(³Ý³ëáõÝÇ) »ñ³Ë. lantern ~ Ý»ñë
The keys ~ ´³Ý³ÉÇÝ»ñÁ ½ñÝ·áõÙ »Ý The ÁÝÏ³Í ³Ûï»ñ. firm/weak ~ ϳÙù ³ñï³Ñ³Û-
chains ~ ÞÕóݻñÁ ½Ý·½Ý·áõÙ »Ý: ïáÕ/Ãáõɳϳ٠ÍÝáï. have a good ~ ÙÇ É³í/
janitor [΄dзænitə] n ¹éݳå³Ý, μ³Ï³å³Ý, μáÉ Ëáë»É, ß³ï³Ëáë»É. give a long ~ Ëñ³-
å³Ñ³Ï: ï³μ³Ý»É. Hold your ~! Ïáåï. Þ³ï ÙÇ°
January [΄dзænjuəri] n, a ÑáõÝí³ñ. ÑáõÝí³- ËáëÇñ, Ó³Ûݹ ÏïñÇ°ñ:
ñÇ, ÑáõÝí³ñÛ³Ý: jaw-bone [΄dзɔ:bəun] n ÍÝáïáëÏñ:
japan [dзə΄pæn] n ë¨ É³ù. ׳åáÝ³Ï³Ý É³- jaw-breaker [΄dзɔ:‚breikə] n ËëÏó. ¹Åí³ñ
ù³Í Çñ: ³ñï³ë³Ý»ÉÇ μ³é:
Japanese [‚dзæpə΄ni:z] n (ݳ¨ jap) ׳- jay [dзei] n ׳Û. ÷Ëμ. ß³ï³Ëáë, ¹³ï³ñ-
åáݳóÇ, ׳åáÝáõÑÇ. ׳åáÝ»ñ»Ý, ׳åá- ϳËáë:
ݳϳÝ. the ~ ׳åáݳóÇÝ»ñÁ: jay-walker [΄dзei‚wɔ:kə] n ËëÏó. ³Ýáõß³-
jazz 451 jet II

¹Çñ Ñ»ïÇáïÝ (÷áÕáóÁ ó³Ýϳó³Í ï»Õáí íï³Ý·Ç »ÝóñÏ»É Ñ³çáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ñݳñ³-


³ÝóÝáÕ): íáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ:
jazz [dзæz] n, a ç³½. ç³½Ç, ç³½³ÛÇÝ. ~ band jeopardy [΄dзepədi] n íï³Ý·, éÇëÏ. in ~
ç³½Ýí³·³ËáõÙμ. ~ music ç³½³ÛÇÝ íï³Ý·Ç Ù»ç. His job is in ~ Üñ³Ý ëå³éÝáõÙ
»ñ³ÅßïáõÃÛáõÝ. be keen on ~ ç³½ ëÇñ»É: ¿ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ ÏáñóÝ»Éáõ íï³Ý·Á. put at ~
jazzy [΄dзæzi] a ËëÏó. ³ßËáõÛÅ, í³é, ³Õ³- íï³Ý·Ç »ÝóñÏ»É:
Õ³ÏáÕ (·áõÛÝ»ñ). ~ curtains áõñ³Ë í³ñ³- jerk [dзə:k] n ó³ïÏ, ÃéÇãù. the ~s çÕ³Ó·áõ-
·áõÛñÝ»ñ. ~ sports car ßù»Õ Ù³ñ½³Ï³Ý ÃÛáõÝ. open the door with a ~ ¹áõéÁ ó÷áí
Ù»ù»Ý³: μ³ó»É. do physical ~s í³ñÅáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ϳ-
jealous [΄dзeləs] a ˳ݹáï. ݳ˳ÝÓáï. be ï³ñ»É. He’s a ~ ËëÏó. ܳ ³åáõß ¿:
~ ˳ݹ»É. a ~ husband ˳ݹáï ³ÙáõëÇÝ. ~ jerk I [dзə:k] v áõÅ»Õ Ó·»É/ù³ß»É. óÝóí»É.
nature ݳ˳ÝÓáï μݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ. make ÏóÏïáõñ Ëáë»É He ~ed his head Üñ³ ·ÉáõËÁ
smb ~ ˳ݹ ³é³ç³óÝ»É. óÝóí»ó. ~ smb’s arm Ù»ÏÇ Ã¨Á áõÅ»Õ ù³ß»É.
jealousy [΄dзeləsi] n ˳ݹ, ݳ˳ÝÓ. ϳë- ~ the trigger Ó·³ÝÁ Ó·»É. The train ~ed on
ϳͳÙïáõÃÛáõÝ. unfounded/groundless ~ ³Ý- ¶Ý³óùÁ óÝóáõÙÝ»ñáí ß³ñÅí»ó. His muscles
ÑÇÙÝ Ë³Ý¹. pangs of ~ Ë³Ý¹Ç Ë³Ûûñ. ~ed ܳ ³ÙμáÕçáíÇÝ óÝóíáõÙ ¿ñ. pull/push
arouse ~ ݳ˳ÝÓ ³é³ç³óÝ»É: with a ~ áõÅ·ÇÝ/ÏïñáõÏ Ó·»É/Ññ»É:
jeans [dзi:nz] n çÇÝë. tight–fitting/worn out ~ jerk II [dзə:k] v ÙÇëÁ μ³ñ³Ï ÏïáñÝ»ñáí
åÇñÏ ·ñϳÍ/Ù³ßí³Í çÇÝë: ³åËï»É:
jeep [dзi:p] n çÇå, íÇÉÇë Ù»ù»Ý³. ÷áùñ jerkily [΄dзə:kili] adv óÝóáõÙÝ»ñáí. move ~
Ñ»ï³Ëáõ½³Ï³Ý ÇÝùݳÃÇé: óÝóáõÙÝ»ñáí ß³ñÅí»É:
jeer [dзiə] n ͳÕñáõͳݳÏ. jerky [΄dзə:ki] a çÕ³ÓÇ·, ÏïñáõÏ, óÝóíáÕ. a
jeer [dзiə] v ͳÕñáõͳݳÏÇ »ÝóñÏ»É, Ó»é ~ ride (Ù»ù»Ý³Ûáí) óÝóáõÙÝ»ñáí ß³ñÅáõÙ. a
³éÝ»É. ~ at smb ã³ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ ͳÕñ»É. The ~ speech ÏóÏïáõñ/Áݹѳï Ëáëù:
crowd ~ed ²ÙμáËÇó Éëí»óÇÝ Í³Õñ³Ï³Ý Jerry [΄dзeri] n ËëÏó. ·»ñٳݳóÇ, ýñÇó:
³ÏݳñÏÝ»ñ: jerry-building [΄dзeribildiŋ] n ˳Ëáõï/ÙÇ
jeering [΄dзiəriŋ] n ͳÕñ, ͳÕñ³Ýù, ͳÕ- Ï»ñå ϳéáõó³Í ßÇÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
ñáõͳݳÏ: jerry-built [΄dзeribilt] a ßï³å/ÙÇ Ï»ñå
jejune [΄dзi΄dзu:n] a ÝÇѳñ, ÑÛáõÍí³Í. ϳéáõóí³Í. ¿Å³Ý³·ÇÝ:
ËÕ×áõÏ, áÕáñÙ»ÉÇ. ³Ýμ»ññÇ (ÑáÕÇ Ù³ëÇÝ): jersey [΄dзə:zi] n ç»ñëÇ (·áñÍí³Íù). ·áñͳÍ
jell [dзel] v ËëÏó. å³ñ½í»É. The plans haven’t ųϻï/μÉáõ½/ëíÇï»ñ. a ~ suit ç»ñëÇÇó
yet ~ed Ø»ñ åɳÝÝ»ñÁ ¹»é å³ñ½ ã»Ý: ϳñ³Í ÏáëïÛáõÙ:
jelly [΄dзeli]1. n ¹áݹáÕ, Żɻ. clear ~ ó- jest [dзest]1. n ϳï³Ï, ûè ͳÕñ. in ~ ϳ-
÷³ÝóÇÏ ¹áݹáÕ. My legs were like ~ ÷Ëμ. ï³Ïáí. for a ~ ϳï³ÏÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. a standing
àïù»ñë ÉñÇí Ãáõɳó»É ¿ÇÝ. 2. v ë³éã»É, ~ Ùßï³Ï³Ý ͳÕñáõͳݳÏÇ ³é³ñϳ.
ë³é»óÝ»É. ¹áݹáÕ/Żɻ ¹³éݳÉ: carry a ~ too far ϳï³ÏÇ ã³÷Ý ³ÝóϳóÝ»É.
jelly-fish [΄dзelifi∫] n ϻݹ. Ù»¹áõ½³. ÷Ëμ. 2. v ϳï³Ï ³Ý»É, ϳï³Ï»É, ͳÕñ»É:
³Ýѳëï³ï³Ï³Ù/ÃáõɳÙáñà ٳñ¹: jest-book [΄dзestbuk] n ³Ý»Ï¹áïÝ»ñÇ
jemmy [΄dзemi] n a (burglar’s) ~ ·áÕÇ ÉÝ·ÇÏ ·Çñù:
(¹áõé Ïáïñ»Éáõ ѳٳñ): jester [΄dзestə] n ͳÕñ³Íáõ, Ë»Õϳï³Ï.
jennet [΄dзenit] n ϳñ׳ѳë³Ï, Çëå³Ý³- ϳï³Ï³ë»ñ/½í³ñ׳Ëáë Ù³ñ¹:
Ï³Ý ÓÇ: Jesuit [΄dзezjuit] n ×ǽíÇï, ÷Ëμ. »ñÏ»ñ»-
jenny [΄dзeni] n (ݳ¨ spinning ~) ï»Ë. í»- ë³ÝÇ Ù³ñ¹, Ï»Õͳíáñ:
ñ³Ùμ³ñÓ ÏéáõÝÏ. ³Ùμ³ñÓÇã. Ù³ÝáÕ Ù»ù»- jet I [dзet] n ÑÝù. ë¨ ë³Ã. ÷³ÛÉáõÝ ë¨ ·áõÛÝ:
ݳ: jet II [dзet]1. n ßÇÃ, ó³Ûï. ËëÏó. 黳ÏïÇí
jenny-ass [΄dзeniæs] n ¿· ¿ß.: ß³ñÅÇã/ÇÝùݳÃÇé. gas ~ ·³½³É³Ùå. ~ air-
jeopardize [΄dзepədaiz] v íï³Ý·Ç »Ýóñ- craft 黳ÏïÇí ÇÝùݳÃÇé. a ~ engine 黳Ï-
Ï»É, ~ one’s finances íï³Ý·Ç »ÝóñÏ»É ¹ñ³- ïÇí ß³ñÅÇã. jumbo ~ ß³ï Ù»Í é»³ÏïÇí
Ù³ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÁ. ~ one’s chances of success ÇÝùݳÃÇé: 2. v ó³Ûï»É, ßÇà ³ñӳϻÉ:
jet-black 452 job

jet-black [‚dзet΄blæk] a ë³ÃÇ ÝÙ³Ý ë¨: jig-saw [΄dзigsɔ:] n (ݳ¨ ~ puzzle) áÉáñ³-
jet-fighter [΄dзet‚faitə] n 黳ÏïÇí Ïáñͳ- ѳï ëÕáó. ˳Õ:
ÝÇã: Jill [dзil] n ËëÏó. ³ÕçÇÏ, »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹ ÏÇÝ:
jet-plane [΄dзetplein] n 黳ÏïÇí ÇÝùݳ- jilt [dзilt] n, v ÏáÏ»ïáõÑÇ, åãñáõÑÇ. Ññ³åáõ-
ÃÇé: ñ»É, ·³ÛóÏÕ»óÝ»É. ˳μ»É:
jet-propelled [‚dзetprə΄peld] a 黳ÏïÇí jingle [΄dзiŋgl]1. n ½Ý·½Ý·áó, ½³Ý·³Ñ³-
ß³ñÅÇãáí: ñáõÙ. 2. v ½Ý·³É, ½Ý·½Ý·³É. The money ~d in
jetsam [΄dзetsəm] n ݳíÇó ¹áõñë ßåñïí³Í the pocket öáÕÁ ½ñÝ·áõÙ ¿ñ ·ñå³ÝáõÙ:
¨ ³÷ Ý»ïí³Í μ»é: jingo [΄dзiŋgəu] n áõé³- ѳÛñ»Ý³ë»ñ, ßáíÇ-
jettison [΄dзetisən] n ݳíÇó μ»éÇ ¹áõñë ÝÇëï.
ßåñï»ÉÁ. ݳíÇó ¹áõñë Ý»ï³Í μ»é. ~ plans/ jingoism [΄dзiŋgəuiz(ə)m] n áõé³ Ñ³Ûñ»-
an old bycicle ÷Ëμ. Ù»ñÅ»É Íñ³·ñ»ñÁ, ¹áõñë ݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ, ßáíÇÝǽÙ:
·ó»É ÑÇÝ Ñ»Í³ÝÇíÁ: jinks [dзiŋks] n high ~ ³ÕÙϳÉÇ ½í³ñ×áõ-
jetty [΄dзeti] n ݳí³Ù³ïáõÛó, ³Ùμ³ñï³Ï: ÃÛáõÝ:
Jew [dзu:] n Ññ»³. »μñ³Û»óÇ. the ~s Ññ»³- jinx [dзiŋks] n ¹Åμ³ËïáõÃÛáõÝ μ»ñáÕ μ³Ý.
Ý»ñÁ: There is a ~ on my car Ø»ù»Ý³ë ϳñÍ»ë
jewel [΄dзu:əl] n óÝϳ·ÇÝ ù³ñ, ·áѳñ. ~s ³ÝÇÍí³Í ÉÇÝÇ:
³ÏݻջÝ, áëϻջÝ. set a ~ ·áѳñÁ ßñç³- jitney [΄dзitni] n, a ËëÏó. ¿Å³Ý³·ÇÝ »ñÃáõ-
ݳÏÇ Ù»ç ѳ·óÝ»É. the crown ~s ó·³- Õ³ÛÇÝ ï³ùëÇ. ¿Å³Ý³·ÇÝ.
íáñ³Ï³Ý ·³ÝÓ³ñ³ÝÇ Ã³ÝϳñÅ»ù Çñ»ñÁ. jitterbug [΄dзitəbΛg] n ³Ù, ËëÏó. ç³½³ÛÇÝ
laden/dripping with ~s ËëÏó. ³ÙμáÕçáíÇÝ »ñ³ÅßïáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï å³ñ»É ëÇñáÕ Ù³ñ¹.
óÝϳñÅ»ù Çñ»ñáí ½³ñ¹³ñí³Í. a ~ çÕ³ÛÇÝ/ÝÛ³ñ¹³ÛÇÝ Ù³ñ¹:
box/case ½³ñ¹³ïáõ÷: jitters [΄dзitəz] n pl ËëÏó. çÕ»ñ, ÝÛ³ñ¹»ñ.
jeweller [΄dзu:ələ] n ³Ïݳ·áñÍ, áëÏ»ñÇã, have the ~ Ý»ñí³ÛݳݳÉ. get the ~s í³ËÇó
¹áÕ³É:
³Ïݳí³×³é. ~s shop áëÏ»ñã³Ï³Ý ˳-
ÝáõÃ:
jittery [΄dзitəri] a ËëÏó. çÕ³ÛÇÝ, ÝÛ³ñ¹³ÛÇÝ
very ~ ß³ï çÕ³ÛÇÝ/ÝÛ³ñ¹³ÛÇÝ:
jewellery [΄dзu:əlri] n óÝϳñÅ»ù/áëÏ»ñ-
ã³Ï³Ý Çñ»ñ:
job [dзɒb] n ³ß˳ï³Ýù, ½μ³ÕÙáõÝù, å³ß-
ïáÝ. bonus ~ ·áñͳñù³ÛÇÝ ³ß˳ï³Ýù.
jewelry [΄dзu:əlri] n ï»°ë jewellery:
fat ~ »Ï³Ùï³μ»ñ ³ß˳ï³Ýù. fulltime ~
Jewish [΄dзu:i∫] a Ññ»³Ï³Ý, »μñ³Û³Ï³Ý: ÉñÇí ¹ñáõÛùáí ³ß˳ï³Ýù. ~s ·áñÍ, ³ß-
jib [dзib] n Íáí. »é³ÝÏÛáõÝÇ, ûù ³é³·³ëï. ˳ï³Ýù. by the ~ ·áñͳí³ñÓáí. do a per-
ï»Ë. ɳÛݳÏÇ ·óí³Í ·»ñ³Ý:
son’s ~ ëݳÝϳóÝ»ÉÏáñͳݻÉ. dead-end ~
jib [dзib] v ѳٳé»É. ³Ýëå³ë»ÉÇ Ï³Ý· ³é- ³ÝÑ»é³Ýϳñ ³ß˳ï³Ýù. clerical ~ ·ñ³-
Ý»É. ~ at doing smth Ïïñ³Ï³Ý³å»ë Ññ³-
ë»Ý۳ϳÛÇÝ ³ß˳ï³Ýù. ~ creation ³ß˳-
ųñí»É áñ¨¿ μ³Ý ³Ý»Éáõó. Suddenly the
ï³ï»Õ»ñÇ ëï»ÕÍáõÙ. ~ hunter/searcher/
horse ~bed гÝϳñÍ ÓÇÝ Í³éë »Õ³í:
seeker ³ß˳ï³Ýù ÷ÝïñáÕ. odd ~ å³ï³-
jibe [dзaib] v ËëÏó. ѳٳå³ï³ë˳ݻÉ. Ñ³Ï³Ý ³ß˳ï³Ýù. seasonal ~ 뻽áݳÛÇÝ
ѳÙÁÝÏÝ»É: ³ß˳ï³Ýù. walk off a ~ Ñ»é³Ý³É ³ß˳-
jiff(y) [΄dзif(i)] n ËëÏó. í³ÛñÏÛ³Ý, ³ÏÝóñÃ. ï³ÝùÇó, ÃáÕÝ»É ³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ. have lots of
in a ~ ÙÇ ³ÏÝóñÃáõÙ. Wait/Halt a ~ ØÇ ~s ³Ý»Éáõ ß³ï ·áñÍ áõݻݳÉ. look for a ~
ñáå» ëå³ë»ù. be back in a ~ ÙÇ ³ÏÝóñ- ³ß˳ï³Ýù ÷Ýïñ»É. lose one’s ~ ³ß˳-
ÃÇó í»ñ³¹³éݳɣ ï³ÝùÁ ÏáñóÝ»É. be out of ~ ·áñͳ½áõñÏ
jig I [dзig] n çÇ· (å³ñ). ï»Ë. ß³μÉáÝ: ÉÇÝ»É. bad ~ ³ÝѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, good ~ ·áñ-
jig II [dзig] n ß³Õ³÷, ·³ÛÉÇÏáÝ. ÓáõÉáÕ Ï³- Í»ñÇ É³í íÇ׳Ï. a bad ~ ³ÝÑáõÛë ·áñÍ. It’s
Õ³å³ñ: just the ~ ¸³ Ñ»Ýó ³ÛÝ ¿, ÇÝã å»ïù ¿. (·á-
jig [dзig] v ³ñ³· Ãéíé³É (ݳ¨ Ñ»ïáõ³é³ç). ÕáõÃÛáõÝ) the warehouse ~ å³Ñ»ëïáõ٠ϳ-
~ up and down í»ñáõí³ñ ÃéãÏáï»É: ï³ñ³Í ·áÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ. ÑÙÏñ·. ѳÝÓݳñ³-
jiggle [΄dзigl] v ûè ×á×»É, ûñáñ»É: ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ³é³ç³¹ñ³Ýù. ~ batch ³é³-
job 453 joint

ç³¹ñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ ÷³Ã»Ã. ~ class ³é³- John Barleycorn [‚dзɒn΄ba:likɔ:n] ·³ñ»-


ç³¹ñ³ÝùÇ ¹³ë. ~ control ³é³ç³¹ñ³Ýù- çñÇ/ûÕáõ ¨ ³ÛÉÝÇ ³ÝÓݳíáñáõÙ:
Ý»ñÇ Õ»Ï³í³ñáõÙ. ~ control language ³é³- Johnny cake [΄dзɒnikeik] n »·Çåï³óá-
ç³¹ñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ Õ»Ï³í³ñÙ³Ý É»½áõ. ~ con- ñ»ÝÇ μÉÇà (²ØÜ):
trol table ³é³ç³¹ñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ Õ»Ï³í³ñÙ³Ý join [dзɔin] n ÙdzóáõÙ, ÙdzóÙ³Ý Ï»ï. ï»Ë.
³ÕÛáõë³Ï. ~ queue ³é³ç³¹ñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ ·ÇÍ, ϳñ. The ~ couldn’t be seen ØdzóÙ³Ý
Ñ»ñÃ: ï»ÕÁ ã¿ñ »ñ¨áõÙ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ clause ÙdzÏóÙ³Ý
job [dзɒb] v å³ï³Ñ³Ï³Ý ³ß˳ï³Ýù ϳ- ûå»ñ³ïáñ. ~ end points ÙdzÏó»É ͳÛñ³-
ï³ñ»É. ÙÇçÝáñ¹áõÃÛ³Ùμ ½μ³Õí»É. ³Ý³½- Ï»ï»ñÁ:
ÝÇí ·áñͳñù ÏÝù»É: join [dзɔin] v ÙdzݳÉ, ÙdzóÝ»É, ϳå»É,
jobation [dзəu΄bei∫n] n Ïßï³Ùμ³Ýù, ѳݹÇ- ÙdzÏó»É. The bridge ~s the two banks of the
Ù³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: river γÙáõñçÁ ÙdzóÝáõÙ ¿ ·»ïÇ »ñÏáõ
jobber [΄dзɒbə] n å³ï³Ñ³Ï³Ý ³ß˳- ³÷»ñÁ. ~ a proposition ÙÇ³Ý³É ³é³ç³ñ-
ï³Ýù ϳï³ñáÕ ³ÝÓ, ÙÇçÝáñ¹. ³Ý³½ÝÇí/ ÏáõÃÛ³ÝÁ. ~ hands Ó»éù»ñÁ ÙdzóÝ»É. The
³Ýμ³ñ»ËÇÕ× ·áñͳñ³ñ: river ~s the sea ¶»ïÁ ó÷íáõÙ ¿ ÍáíÇ Ù»ç. ~
jobbery [΄dзɒbəri] n ³Ý³½ÝÇí ·áñͳñù. the battle é½Ù. ÏéíÇ Ù»ç ÙïÝ»É. ~ forces ÷Ëμ.
There has been some ~ here ²Ûëï»Õ ³Ý³½ÝÇí áõÅ»ñÁ ÙdzóÝ»É. ~ a club/a party ³ÏáõÙ-
·áñͳñù ¿ ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»ó»É: μÇ/Ïáõë³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ³Ý¹³Ù ¹³éݳÉ. ~ in the
jobbing [΄dзɒbiŋ] a a ~ gardener (áã Ùßï³- concern ÏÇë»É Ùï³Ñá·áõÃÛáõÝÁ. ~ in a drink
ϳÝ) ûñ³í³ñÓáí ³ß˳ïáÕ å³ñïǽ- ÙdzëÇÝ ËÙ»É. ~ the army/the team μ³Ý³Ï
å³Ý: ·Ý³É. ÃÇÙÇ ³Ý¹³Ù ¹³éݳÉ. ~ in the game
jobless [΄dзɒbləs] a ·áñͳ½áõñÏ: ˳ÕÇÝ Ù³ëݳÏó»É. ~ in Ëáë³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý
jobmaster [΄dзɒb‚ma:stə] n ÓÇ/ϳéù í³ñ- Ù»ç ÙïÝ»É:
Óáõ ïíáÕ Ù³ñ¹: joinder [΄dзɔində] n ÙdzóáõÙ, ÙdzíáñáõÙ. ~
jockey [΄dзɒki] 1. n Ódzí³ñÅ, ÅáÏ»Û. 2. v of actions ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÙdzíáñáõÙ. ~
Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏ»É, ˳μ»É. He knows how to ~ for of cases ¹³ï³Ï³Ý ·áñÍ»ñÇ ÙdzíáñáõÙ. ~
position ÷Ëμ. ܳ ·ÇïÇ ÇÝãå»ë å³ßïáÝ of debtors å³ñï³å³ÝÝ»ñÇ ÙdzíáñáõÙ:
ëï³Ý³É: joiner [΄dзɔinə] n ÑÛáõëÝ, ³ï³ÕÓ³·áñÍ:
jocose [dзəu΄kəus] a (ݳ¨ jocular) ϳï³Ï³- joinery [΄dзɔinəri] n ³ï³ÕÓ³·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ,
ë»ñ, ½í³ñ׳Ëáë. ÑáõÙáñÇ ½·³óáõÙ áõÝ»- ÑÛáõëÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
óáÕ: joint [dзɔint] n ³ñÑ»ëï³Ýáó. ϽÙËë. Ñá¹,
jocosity [dзəu΄kɒsəti] n ϳï³Ï³ëÇñáõ- ÙdzÏóáõÙ. ï»Ë. ÙdzóÙ³Ý Ï»ï. out of ~
ÃÛáõÝ, ÑáõÙáñ: ¹áõñë ÁÝϳÍ, Ñṳ˳Ëïí³Í. (áõï»ÉÇù)
jocund [΄dзɒkənd] a áõñ³Ë, ϳÛï³é, Ï»Ýë- a ~ of meat ÙÇ Ïïáñ ÙÇë. The ~ was burnt ØÇëÁ
áõñ³Ë: í³éí»É ¿ñ. a universal ~ ×ÏáõÝ ÙdzóáõÙ. put
jocundity [dзə΄kΛndəti] n ³ßËáõÅáõÃÛáõÝ, smb’s nose out of ~ ÷Ëμ. íßï³óÝ»É. Ñáõ½»É.
Ï»Ýëáõñ³ËáõÃÛáõÝ: (Ëáñïϳñ³Ý) have a drink in the ~ ÙÇ μ³Ý
jog [dзɒg] n Ññáó, óÝóáõÙ.÷Ëμ. ûè í³ñ·£ ËÙ»É Ëáñïϳñ³ÝáõÙ:
jog [dзɒg] v Ññ»É, μáûÉ. He ~ged my elbow joint [dзɔint] a ѳٳï»Õ, ÁݹѳÝáõñ,
²ñÙáõÝÏÇë Ë÷»ó/Ññ»ó. ~ smb’s memory ÙdzóÛ³É. ~ action ѳٳï»Õ/ÙdzóÛ³É ·áñ-
about smth ÷Ëμ. ÑÇß»óÝ»É ÇÝã-áñ μ³ÝÇ ÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. a ~ declaration ÙdzóÛ³É Ñ³Û-
Ù³ëÇÝ. ~ along (ÓÇáõ Ù³ëÇÝ) ûè í³ñ·áí ï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ efforts ѳٳï»Õ ç³Ýù»ñ.
·Ý³É. ~ along somehow ÙÇ Ï»ñå Ûáɳ ·Ý³É: ~ management ѳٳï»Õ ϳé³í³ñáõÙ. ~
joggle [΄dзɒgl] n ûè Ññáó, óÝóáõÙ£ account ÁݹѳÝáõñ ѳßÇí. ~ committee
jog-trot [΄dзɒgtrɒt] n Ù³Ýñ³í³½ù. ÷Ëμ. ÙdzóÛ³É ÏáÙÇï». ~ capital μ³ÅÝ»ïÇñ³Ï³Ý
Ùdzå³Õ³ÕáõÃÛáõÝ: ϳåÇï³É. ~ authors/owners ѳٳѻÕÇݳÏ-
John Bull [‚dзɒn΄bul] (û·ï³·áñÍíáõÙ ¿ Ý»ñ. ѳٳï»Õ ë»÷³Ï³Ý³ï»ñ, ѳٳïÇ-
ٳϳÝáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ) ïÇåÇÏ ³Ý·ÉdzóÇ, ñáõÃÛáõÝ: ÑÙÏñ·. ~ application development
³Ý·ÉdzóÇù: ÏÇñ³éáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ï»Õ Ùß³ÏáõÙ. ~
jointly 454 jubilee

distribution ѳٳï»Õ μ³ßËáõÙ: ÙÇ Ó¨áí. 2. v ~ down ѳٳéáï Ó¨áí ·ñ»É,


jointly [΄dзɔintli] adv ÙdzëÇÝ, Ùdzó³Í. ³ñ³· ·ñÇ ³éÝ»É:
joint-stock [΄dзɔintstɒk] a μ³ÅÝ»ïÇñ³- jotter [΄dзɒtə] μÉáÏÝáï:
ϳÝ, ³ÏóÇáÝ»ñ³Ï³Ý: jottings [΄dзɒtiŋs] n ËëÏó. ·ñ³éáõÙÝ»ñ:
jointure [΄dзɔint∫ə] n ÏÝáç ³ÝáõÝáí ·ñí³Í joule [dзu:l] n ýǽ. çááõÉ£
·áõÛù. ³ÛñáõÝ Ñ³ë³Ý»ÉÇù ųé³Ý·áõ- journal [΄dзə:nl] n ѳݹ»ë, ³Ùë³·Çñ. Ù³ï-
ÃÛáõÝÁ: Û³Ý, ·ñ³Ýó³Ù³ïÛ³Ý. Íáí. ݳí³ÛÇÝ Ù³ï-
joke [dзəuk] n ϳï³Ï, ѳݳù, ëñ³Ùïáõ- Û³Ý. ûñ³·Çñ, ÝÇëï»ñÇ ³ñӳݳ·ñáõÃÛáõÝ-
ÃÛáõÝ, ³Ý»Ï¹áï. crack ~s ϳï³ÏÝ»ñ ³Ý»É. Ý»ñ:
play/cut a ~ ûÛÇÝ Ë³Õ³É. see/take ~ ϳï³ÏÁ journalese [‚dзə:nə΄li:z] n Éñ³·ñ³ÛÇÝ á×:
ѳëϳݳÉ. practical ~ ÏáåÇï ϳï³Ï. by journalism [΄dзə:nə‚liz(ə)m] n Éñ³·ñáõ-
way of ~ ϳï³Ïáí. for a ~ ϳï³ÏÇ Ñ³- ÃÛáõÝ:
Ù³ñ. a ~ at my expence Ç٠ѳëó»ÇÝ áõÕÕí³Í journalist [΄dзə:nəlist] n Éñ³·ñáÕ. Éñ³·ñÇ
ϳï³Ï. a standing ~ ͳÕñÇ ³é³ñϳ. make ËÙμ³·Çñ. ~‘s source ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛ³Ý
a ~ of smth ϳï³ÏÇ í»ñ³Í»É. carry the ~ too ³ÕμÛáõñ:
far ã³÷Çó ³ÝóϳóÝ»É(ϳï³ÏÁ) beyond the journey [΄dзə:ni] 1. n áõÕ¨áñnõÃÛáõÝ, ׳Ù-
~ ³ñ¹»Ý ϳï³Ï ã¿. Is this your idea of ~ ? ÷áñ¹áõÃÛáõÝ It’s two days ~ from here ²Ûë-
ËëÏó. ø»½ ¹³ ÍÇͳջÉDZ ¿ ÃíáõÙ£ ï»ÕÇó ³ÛÝï»Õ »ñÏáõ ûñí³ ×³Ý³å³ñÑ ¿.
joke [dзəuk] v ϳï³Ï»É, ϳï³Ïní ͳÕñ»É pleasure ~ ½í³ñ׳½μáë³Ýù. have a
Ó»é ³éÝ»É. I was only joking ºë å³ñ½³å»ë good/happy ~ μ³ñÇ ×³Ý³å³ñÑ. take/under-
ϳï³ÏáõÙ ¿Ç. be in no mood for ~ ϳï³- take a ~ áõÕ¨áñáõÃÛáõÝ Ó»éݳñÏ»É. break a ~
ÏÇ ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ãáõݻݳÉ. You must be ÏÇë³ï ÃáÕÝ»É ×³Ù÷áñ¹áõÃÛáõÝÁ. 2. v ׳-
joking ¸³ »ñ¨Ç ϳï³Ï ¿: ݳå³ñÑáñ¹»É, áõÕ¨áñáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³ï³ñ»É:
joker [΄dзəukə] n ϳï³ÏãÇ. ÃÕÃË. çáù»ñ: joust [dзaust] n åïÙ. ³ëå»ï³Ï³Ý ٻݳ-
joky [΄dзəuki] a ϳï³Ï³ë»ñ, ½í³ñ׳ÉÇ áõ- Ù³ñï:
ñ³Ë. Jove [dзəuv] n ¹Çó. ÚáõåÇï»ñ. ³ëïÕ·.
jollify [΄dзɒləfai] v ½í³ñ׳ݳÉ, ù»ý ³Ý»É. ÈáõëÝó·. by ~ ²ëïí³Í íϳ:
jolly [΄dзɒli] a ½í³ñÃ, Ï»Ýëáõñ³Ë, ½í³ñ׳- jovial [΄dзəuviəl] a áõñ³Ë, ϳÛï³é,
ÉÇ. have a ~ time ɳí áõñ³Ë³Ý³É. not so ~ ½í³ñÃ:
áã ³ÛÝù³Ý áõñ³Ë: joviality [‚dзəuvi΄æləti] n áõñ³ËáõÃÛáõÝ,
jolly [΄dзɒli] adv ß³ï, ë³ëïÇÏ. J~ good! ¶»- ϳÛï³éáõÃÛáõÝ:
ñ³½³Ýó ¿. ~ well ß³ï ɳí, Ñá۳ϳå. ~ jowl [dзaul] n Ͻ³Ï. heavy ~ ͳÝñ/Ëáßáñ
hard μ³í³Ï³Ý ¹Åí³ñ. All ~ fine ²Ù»Ý ÇÝã Ͻ³Ï:
ÑáÛ³Ï³å ¿: joy [dзɔi] n áõñ³ËáõÃÛáõÝ. jump for ~ áõñ³-
jolly-boat [΄dзɒlibəut] n ù³é³ÃÇ Ù³ÏáõÛÏ: ËáõÃÛáõÝÇó å³ñ ·³É. be off for a ~ ride (Ù»-
jolt [dзəult] n Ññáó, óÝóáõÙ. give a ~ Ññ»É, μá- ù»Ý³Ûáí) ½μáëÝ»Éáõ ·Ý³É:
ûÉ. óÝó»É. He needs a good ~ Üñ³Ý ѳñϳ- joyful [΄dзɔifl] a óÝͳÉÇó, »ñç³ÝÇÏ:
íáñ ¿ ÙÇ É³í ó÷ ï³É: joyless [΄dзɔiləs] a ïËáõñ, ïñïáõÙ:
jolt [΄dзəult] v óÝó»É, ó÷ ï³É. Bus ~ed joyous [΄dзɔiəs] a áõñ³Ë, μ»ñÏñ³ÉÇ:
²íïáμáõëÁ óÝóáõÙÝ»ñáí ¿ñ ß³ñÅíáõÙ: joystick n ˳ճջÏ, ½í³ñ׳ÓáÕ:
jolting [΄dзəultiŋ] n óÝóáõÙ: jubilance [΄dзu:biləns] n óÝÍáõÃÛáõÝ:
jolterhead [΄dзəultəhed] n ïËÙ³ñ, ÑÇÙ³ñÇ jubilant [΄dзu:bilənt] a óÝͳ·ÇÝ: ~ look
·ÉáõË£ óÝͳÉÇó ï»ëù:
jonquil [΄dзɒŋkwil] n μëμ. ݳñ·Çë. μ³ó jubilate [΄dзu:bileit] v óÝͳÉ, Ññ×í»É:
¹»ÕÇÝ ·áõÛÝ: jubilation [‚dзu:bi΄lei∫n] n óÝÍáõÃÛáõÝ. gen-
josh [dзɒ∫] n ËëÏó. μ³ñ»ëÇñï ϳï³Ï: eral ~ ÁݹѳÝáõñ óÝÍáõÃÛáõÝ:
jostle [΄dзɒsl] n Ññáó, μ³ËáõÙ. ~d by the jubilee [΄dзu:bili:] n Ñáμ»ÉÛ³Ý, ïáÝ. silver/
crowd ³ÙμáËáõÙ ÑñÙßïí»É: golden/diamond ~ ³ñͳÃÛ³/áëÏÛ³/³¹³-
jot [dзɒt] 1. n not a ~ Ù³½³ã³÷ ³Ý·³Ù, áã ٳݹ۳ Ñáμ»ÉÛ³Ý:
judge 455 jumble

judge [΄dзΛdз] n ¹³ï³íáñ. fair/impartial/ex- ÃÛáõÝ. ~ oath »ñ¹áõÙ ¹³ï³ñ³ÝáõÙ. ~ doc-


perienced ³ñ¹³ñ/³ÝÏáÕÙݳϳÉ/÷áñÓí³Í trine Çñ³í³Ï³Ý ëϽμáõÝùÝ»ñ. Çñ³í³·Ç-
¹³ï³íáñ. trial ~ ³é³çÇÝ ³ïÛ³ÝÇ ¹³ï³- ïáõÃÛáõÝ:
íáñ. ~ advocate ½ÇÝíáñ³Ï³Ý ¹³ï³Ë³½. judiciary [dзu΄di∫əri] n the ~ ¹³ï³íáñÝ»ñ,
district ~ ßñç³Ý³ÛÇÝ ¹³ï³íáñ. ~s ÅÛáõñÇ. ¹³ï³íáñÝ»ñÇ Ïáñåáñ³ódz:
~ in chamber ¹³ï³ñ³ÝÇ å³É³ïÇ ¹³ï³- judicious [dзu΄di∫əs] a áÕç³ÙÇï, ˻ɳÙÇï,
íáñ. ~s chambre/room ¹³ï³íáñÇ ë»ÝÛ³Ï. ˻ɳóÇ. a ~ reply ˻ɳóÇ å³ï³ë˳Ý. ~
(·Çï³Ï) a good ~ of music »ñ³ÅßïáõÃÛ³Ý advice/decision ˻ɳóÇ ËáñÑáõñ¹/áñáßáõÙ.
·Çï³Ï. a poor ~ of horses ÓÇ»ñÇ í³ï ·Ç- ~ statement áÕç³ÙÇï ¹³ïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ/ѳÛ-
ï³Ï. keen/shrewd/poor ~ of Ýáõñμ/í³ï ·Ý³- ï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
ѳïáÕ£ jug I [dзΛg] n ÏáõÅ, ë³÷áñ. ËëÏó. μ³Ýï
judge [΄dзΛdз] v ¹³ï»É. ~ by/from appearance (ݳ¨ stone jug). milk ~ ϳÃÇ ³Ù³Ý. He is in
³ñï³ùÇÝÇó ¹³ï»É. It`s hard to ~ smn’s abil- ~ ܳ Ýëï³Í/ϳɳݳíáñí³Í ¿:
ities ¸Åí³ñ ¿ áñáᯐ áñ¨¿ Ù»ÏÇ Ñݳñ³íá- jug II [dзΛg] n ëá˳ÏÇ ¹³ÛɳÛÉ:
ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ. ~ smn a fool/shrewd Ù»ÏÇÝ ÑÇ- jug [dзΛg] v ßá·»Ë³ß»É (Ï³í» ³Ù³ÝÇ Ù»ç).
Ù³ñ/˻ɳóÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ»É. (Ñ»ï³ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ ËëÏó. μ³Ýï Ýëï»óÝ»É:
í³ñ»É) ~ the distance Ñ»é³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ áñá- jugged [dзΛgd] a ³ï³Ùݳíáñ:
ß»É. ~ the case ·áñÍÁ ùÝÝ»É as far as one can ~ juggins [΄dзΛginz] n ËëÏó. ÑÇÙ³ñ, ïËÙ³ñ:
áñù³Ýáí ϳñ»ÉÇ ¿ ¹³ï»É. It’s not for me to juggle [΄dзΛgl] n Ó»éݳÍáõÃÛáõÝ, ýáÏáõë.
~ ºë ã¿, áñ ³Û¹ Ù³ëÇÝ å»ïù ¿ ¹³ï»Ù. ~ ÷Ëμ. ˳μ»μ³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ãù³Ï³åáõÃÛáõÝ:
between í»×Á ÉáõÍ»É. ~ at the dog show juggle [΄dзΛgl] v Ó»éݳÍáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É. ÷Ëμ.
ßÝ»ñÇ óáõó³Ñ³Ý¹»ëáõÙ ÅÛáõñÇÇ ³Ý¹³Ù ˳μ»É, ÑÇÙ³ñ³óÝ»É. ~ a thing away ˳μ»-
ÉÇÝ»É. Éáí ÙÇ μ³Ý ¹áõñë Ïáñ½»É. ~ with balls/
judgement [΄dзΛdзmənt] n Çñ³í. ¹³ï³- facts/words ·Ý¹³ÏÝ»ñáí ýáÏáõë ³Ý»É. μ³-
í×Çé, ¹³ï³Ï³Ý áñáßáõÙ. pass/pronounce ~ é»ñÁ/ ÷³ëï»ñÁ ³Õ³í³Õ»É. ÷Ëμ. ³ãù³-
on a case ·áñÍÇ Ï³å³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ùμ ¹³ï³- ϳåáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É, Ãá½ ÷ã»É:
í×ÇéÁ ѳÛï³ñ³ñ»É. foreign ~ ûï³ñ»ñÏñÛ³ juggler [΄dзΛglə] n Ó»éݳÍáõ. ÷Ëμ. ˳-
¹³ï³ñ³ÝÇ áñáßáõÙ. reverse a ~ ¹³ï³- μ»μ³, ˳ñ¹³Ë Ù³ñ¹£
í×ÇéÁ ã»ÕÛ³É Ñ³Ù³ñ»É. ~ in absentia Ñ»é³- jugglery [΄dзΛgləri] n Ó»éݳÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ÷Ëμ.
ϳ ¹³ï³Ï³Ý áñáßáõÙ. ~ in camera ¹³ï³- ˳μ»μ³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ, ˳ñ¹³ËáõÃÛáõÝ:
ñ³ÝÇ ¹éÝ÷³Ï áñáßáõÙ. sit in a ~ on a case juice [dзu:s] n ÑÛáõÃ. ÷Ëμ. ¿áõÃÛáõÝ. ËëÏó. ¿É.
·áñÍÁ Éë»É/ùÝÝ»É. ·ñ³Ëáë»É/ùÝݳ¹³ï»É. Ñáë³Ýù. μ»Ý½ÇÝ. orange/grape/tomato ~
the ~ in favour/against ¹³ï³í×Çé Ç û·áõï/Ç Ý³ñÝçÇ/˳ÕáÕÇ/ÉáÉÇÏÇ ÑÛáõÃ. gastric/diges-
íݳë. (¹³ïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ËáÑ»ÙáõÃÛáõÝ) lack tive ~ ëï³Ùáùë³ÑÛáõÃ. stew in one’s own ~
of ~ ³ÝËáÑ»ÙáõÃÛáõÝ. use one’s ~ û·ï³·áñ- ë»÷³Ï³Ý ÛáõÕáí ï³å³Ïí»É.
Í»É ë»÷³Ï³Ý ¹³ïáÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ. minority ~ juicy [΄dзu:si] a ÑÛáõóÉÇ, ÑÛáõûÕ. Ëáݳí
÷áùñ³Ù³ëÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³ñÍÇùÁ. have good (»Õ³Ý³Ï). ËëÏó. Ñ»ï³ùñùÇñ. ѳÙáí-Ñá-
/sound ~ ³éáÕç ¹³ïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ. mo- ïáí. ³é³Ýó í³½ùÇ. a ~ bit of gossip ·³Û-
ral ~ μ³ñáÛ³Ï³Ý ¹³ïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. an error of óÏÕÇã/·áõݳ·»Õ μ³Ùμ³ë³Ýù:
~ ëË³É ¹³ïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. in my ~ Ç٠ϳñÍÇ- jukebox [΄dзu:kbɒks] n »ñ³Åßï³Ï³Ý ³í-
ùáí, Áëï Çë. rely on smn’s ~ ѳßíÇ ³éÝ»É ïáÙ³ï:
áñ¨¿ Ù»ÏÇ Ï³ñÍÇùÁ: July [dзu΄lai] n, a ÑáõÉÇë/ÑáõÉÇëÇ, ÑáõÉÇëÛ³Ý:
judgement-day [΄dзΛdзməntdei] n jumble [΄dзΛmbl] n ˳éݳÏáõÛï, ˳éݳ-
³ëïíÍß. ²Ñ»Õ ¹³ï³ëï³ÝÇ ûñÁ: ß÷áÃáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ of clothes ѳ·áõëïÇ ÙÇ
judicial [dзu΄di∫l] a Çñ³í. ¹³ï³Ï³Ý, ûñÇ- ³ÙμáÕç ÏáõÛï. a ~ of voices Ó³ÛÝ»ñÇ Ë³é-
ݳϳÝ, Çñ³í³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý. bring/take ~ pro- Ýáõñ¹ (¹½½áó) a ~ of ideas ·³Õ³÷³ñÝ»ñÇ
ceedings ·áñÍÁ ¹³ï³ñ³Ý ѳÝÓÝ»É. a ~ sep- ˳éݳß÷áÃáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ sale ¿Å³Ý³·ÇÝ í³-
aration å³ÛÙ³Ý³Ï³Ý ³ÙáõëݳÉáõÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ׳éù (μ³ñ»·áñÍ³Ï³Ý Ýå³ï³ÏÝ»ñáí). ~
~ immunity ¹³ï³íáñÝ»ñÇ ³ÝÓ»éÝÙË»ÉÇáõ- shop ˳éÁ ˳ÝáõÃ:
jumble 456 jurisprudent

jumble [΄dзΛmbl] v ˳éÝí»É. Çñ³ñ ˳éÝ»É ñáõÙ. ѳݷ³Ù³ÝùÝ»ñÇ ½áõ·áñ¹áõÙ. ÷Ëμ.


(ݳ¨ jumble up) ~ everything ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã Çñ³ñ ÙáÙ»Ýï, Çñ³íÇ׳Ï. critical ~ ÏñÇïÇϳϳÝ
˳éÝ»É. The papers are all ~d up ´áÉáñ ÙáÙ»Ýï. at this ~ ³Ûë ÙáÙ»ÝïÇÝ/å³ÑÇÝ£
ÃÕûñÁ ˳éÝ»É »Ý Çñ³ñ: June [dзu:n] n, a ÑáõÝÇë, ÑáõÝÇë۳ݣ
jump [dзΛmp] n ÃéÇãù, áëïÛáõÝ, ó³ïÏ. high jungle [΄dзΛŋgl] n çáõÝ·ÉÇÝ»ñ. hobo ~ ·Çß»ñ-
~ Ùñ½. μ³ñÓñáõÃÛ³Ý ó³ïÏ. long ~ »ñϳ- ûè³Ý ó÷³é³ßñçÇÏÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ (²ØÜ):
ñáõÃÛ³Ý ó³ïÏ. standing ~ ó³ïÏ ³é³Ýó the law of the ~ çáõÝ·ÉÇÝ»ñÇ ûñ»Ýù:
í³½ùÇ. at a ~ ÙÇ ó³ïÏáí. a parachute ~ jungly [΄dзΛŋgli] a ËÇï Ù³ó³éáõïáí
ÃéÇãù å³ñ³ßÛáõïáí. ~ in prices ÷Ëμ. ͳÍÏí³Í£
·Ý»ñÇ Ñ³ÝϳñͳÏÇ μ³ñÓñ³óáõÙ. ~ in tem- junior [΄dзu:niə] n, a Ïñïë»ñ. »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹.
perature ç»ñÙ³ëïÇ׳ÝÇ ÏïñáõÏ μ³ñÓñ³- ϳñ·³íÇ׳Ïáí ³í»ÉÇ ó³Íñ. ~ partner/offi-
óáõÙ. The heart gave a ~ êÇñïÁ Ãé³í/Ù³ñ»ó. cer Ïñïë»ñ ·áñÍÁÝÏ»ñ/ëå³. ~ by two years
ËáãÁݹáï (Ódzñß³íáõÙ). The horse fell at »ñÏáõ ï³ñáí ÷áùñ. Arlen ~ Ïñïë»ñ
the first ~ ÒÇÝ ãѳÕóѳñ»ó ³é³çÇÝ ÇëÏ ²ñÉ»ÝÁ. Ùñ½. ÛáõÝÇáñ, å³ï³Ý»Ï³Ý ËÙμÇ
ËáãÁݹáïÁ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ ³ÝóáõÙ. ~ address Ù³ñ½ÇÏ. ~ team Ùñ½. å³ï³Ý»Ï³Ý ËáõÙμ.
³ÝóÙ³Ý Ñ³ëó». ~ instruction ³ÝóÙ³Ý Ññ³- (²ØÜ Ñ³Ù³Éë³ñ³Ý) »ññáñ¹ ÏáõñëÇ
ѳݷ. ~ statement ³ÝóÙ³Ý Ññ³Ñ³Ý·. ~ áõë³ÝáÕ:
table ³ÝóáõÙÝ»ñÇ ³ÕÛáõë³Ï: juniority [‚dзu:ni΄ɒrəti] n Ïñïë»ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
jump [dзΛmp] v ó³ïÏ»É, Ãéã»É, í»ñ Ãéã»É. ~ junk [dзΛŋk] n ÑÝáïÇù, ó÷áÝ. get rid of all
to conclusions ѳå×»å »½ñ³Ï³óáõÃÛáõÝ ³- ~ ³½³ïí»É μáÉáñ ÑÇÝ μ³Ý»ñÇó. This play is
Ý»É. ~ for joy áõñ³ËáõÃÛáõÝÇó ÃéãÏáï»É. ~ at ~ ÷Ëμ. ²Ûë åÇ»ëÁ ÑÇÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ¿. talk a lot
áõñ³ËáõÃÛ³Ùμ/ëÇñáí ÁݹáõÝ»É. ~ at chance of ~ ÑÇÙ³ñ-ÑÇÙ³ñ ¹áõñë ï³É. ~ dealer/shop
ϳéã»É Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛ³ÝÁ. ~ to one’s feet ÑÝáïÇÝ»ñÇ Ë³ÝáõÃ. í³×³éáÕ. ~ mail
í»ñ ó³ïÏ»É (Ýëï³Í ï»ÕÇó) ~ aside ÙÇ ÑÙÏñ·. ³Ýå»ïù ÷áëï:
ÏáÕÙ ó³ïÏ»É. ~ down ó³Í Ãéã»É, í³Ûñ junket [΄dзΛŋkit] n ù³Õóñ ϳÃݳßáéáí áõ-
ó³ïÏ»É. ~ down one’s throat ÷Ëμ. ѳϳ- ï»ÉÇù. ËÝçáõÛù, ½μáë³ËÝçáõÛù:
é³Ïí»É, (¹ÇÙ³óÇÝÇ) μ»ñ³ÝÁ ÷³Ï»É, íñ³ junketing [΄dзΛŋkitiŋ] n ½μáë³ËÝçáõÛù,
ï³É. ÏáåÇï å³ï³ë˳ݻÉ. ·éÙé³É. ~ åÇÏÝÇÏ. great ~s Ù»Í ËÝçáõÛù/½μáë³-
from one subject to another (³ñ³·) ÙÇ ËÝçáõÛù:
ûٳÛÇó ÙÛáõëÇÝ ³ÝóÝ»É. ~ on íñ³ åñÍÝ»É, junkie [΄dзΛŋki] n ËëÏó. ÃÙñ³ÙáÉ:
Ïßï³Ùμ»É. ~ out ¹áõñë ó³ïÏ»É/Ãéã»É. ~ out jural [΄dзuərəl] a Çñ³í³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý. Çñ³í³-
of one’s skin ÷Ëμ. áõñ³ËáõÃÛáõÝÇó/í³ËÇó ϳÝ. ~ fact Çñ³í³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý ÷³ëï. ~ cause
Çñ»Ý ÏáñóÝ»É. ~ up ѳÝϳñͳÏÇ μ³ñÓ- Çñ³í³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý ѳñó£
ñ³Ý³É (·Ý»ñ, ç»ñÙáõÃÛáõÝ, ç»ñÙ³ëïÇ- juridical [dзu΄ridikl] a Çñ³í³Ï³Ý, Çñ³í³-
׳Ý): μ³Ý³Ï³Ý. ûñÇݳϳÝ:
jumper [΄dзΛmpə] n Ùñ½. ó³ïÏáÕ. å³ñ³- jurisdiction [‚dзuəris΄dik∫n] n ³ñ¹³ñ³-
ßÛáõïÇëï. (ÓÇ) ÝÅáõÛ·, ³ñß³í³ÓÇ. (ѳ- ¹³ïáõÃÛáõÝ, Çñ³í³ëáõÃÛáõÝ. fall under the
·áõëï) ç»Ùå»ñ, ݳí³ëïáõ μÉáõ½: ~ Çñ³í³ëáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï ÉÇÝ»É. be within one’s
jumping [΄dзΛmpiŋ] n Ùñ½. ó³ïÏ£ ~ ÷Ëμ. Çñ å³ñï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ù»ç
jumpy [΄dзΛmpi] a ¹Ûáõñ³·ñ·Çé, çÕ³ÛÇÝ. ÙïÝ»É. foreign ~ ûï³ñ»ñÏñÛ³ Áݹ¹³ïáõ-
çÕ»ñÇ íñ³ ³½¹áÕ. feel ~ ÝÛ³ñ¹³ÛݳݳÉ, ÃÛáõÝ. full ~ ÉñÇí Áݹ¹³ïáõÃÛáõÝ. inherent ~
Ý»Õí»É: »Ýó¹ñíáÕ Áݹ¹³ïáõÃÛáõÝ… lack of ~
junction [΄dзΛŋk∫ən] n ÙdzóáõÙ, ÙdzóÙ³Ý Çñ³í³ëáõÃÛ³Ý μ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ£
Ï»ï. (ݳ¨ ¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³Ý). ~ of rivers ·»ï»ñÇ jurisprudence [΄dзuəris‚pru:dns] n Çñ³-
ÙdzóÙ³Ý ï»Õ. ~ of roads ˳ãÙ»ñáõÏ. road ~ í³μ³ÝnõÃÛáõÝ, Çñ³í³·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ. medical
׳Ù÷³μ³Å³Ý. railway ~ »ñϳÃáõÕ³ÛÇÝ ~ ¹³ï³Ï³Ý μÅßϳ·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ:
ѳݷáõÛó. ѳݷáõó³ÛÇÝ Ï³Û³ñ³Ý: jurisprudent [΄dзuəris‚pru:dnt] a ûñ»ÝùÝ»-
juncture [΄dзΛŋkt∫ə] n ÙdzóáõÙ, Ñá¹³íá- ñÇÝ ù³ç³ï»ÕÛ³Ï Çñ³í³·»ï:
jurist 457 juxtaposition

jurist [΄dзuərist] n Çñ³í³μ³Ý, ÷³ëï³- ÅáõÙ. do smn ~ å³ïÇí μ»ñ»É. poetic ~ ׳-
μ³Ý: ϳﳷñÇ Ñ³ïáõóáõÙ. He didn’t do himself
juror [΄dзuərə] n »ñ¹íÛ³É ³ï»Ý³Ï³É. ~s ~ ܳ Çñ»Ý Áëï ³ñųÝíáõÛÝ ã·Ý³Ñ³ï»ó.
court (ݳ¨ juryman) »ñ¹íÛ³É ³ï»Ý³Ï³ÉÝ»- He did ~ to his supper ܳ Áëï ³ñųÝíáõÛÝ
ñÇ ¹³ï³ñ³Ý. stand by ~ û·Ý»É »ñ¹íÛ³É ·Ý³Ñ³ï»ó ÁÝÃñÇùÁ. miscarriage of ~ ¹³-
³ï»Ý³Ï³ÉÇÝ: ï³Ï³Ý ë˳É. administration of ~ ³ñ¹³ñ³-
jury [΄dзuəri] n »ñ¹íÛ³É ³ï»Ý³Ï³ÉÝ»ñ. ¹³ïáõÃÛ³Ý ÏÇñ³éáõÙ/Çñ³·áñÍáõÙ. ~ of the
»ñ¹íÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ ¹³ï³ñ³Ý. ~ panel »ñ¹íÛ³É Peace ѳßï³ñ³ñ ¹³ï³íáñ. department of
³ï»Ý³Ï³ÉÝ»ñÇ óáõó³Ï/ϳ½Ù. grand ~ Ù»Í ~ ³ñ¹³ñ³¹³ïáõÃÛ³Ý Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ.
ÅÛáõñÇ. coroner’s ~ ùñ»³Ï³Ý ·áñÍ»ñÇ ³ï»- ~ reason ÃáõÛɳïñ»ÉÇ/ѳñ·»ÉÇ å³ï׳é. ~
ݳϳÉÝ»ñ. trial by ~ ³ï»Ý³Ï³ÉÝ»ñÇ ¹³- refusal å³ï׳é³μ³Ýí³Í Ù»ñÅáõÙ:
ï³ñ³Ý. be tried by ~ ³ï»Ý³Ï³ÉÝ»ñÇ ¹³- justifiable [΄dзΛstifaiəbl] a ³ñ¹³ñ³óÙ³Ý
ï³ñ³Ýáí ¹³ïí»É. challenge a ~ »ñ¹íÛ³É »Ýóϳ, ³ñ¹³ñ³óíáÕ. ÃáõÛɳïñ»ÉÇ:
³ï»Ý³Ï³ÉÝ»ñÇÝ μ³ó³ñÏ Ñ³Ûï³ñ³ñ»É. ~ justifiably [΄dзΛstifaiəbli] adv ³ñ¹³ñ³óÇá-
box ³ï»Ý³Ï³ÉÝ»ñÇ ËóÇÏ. Ùñó³Ý³Ï³- ñ»Ý. be ~ proud of smth ³ñ¹³ñ³óÇáñ»Ý
μ³ßËáõÃÛ³Ý/˳ճñÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ÝÓݳÅá- Ñå³ñï³Ý³É:
Õáí, ÅÛáõñÇ: justification [‚dзΛstifi΄kei∫n] n ³ñ¹³ñ³-
just [dзΛst] a ³ñ¹³ñ, ³Ý³ã³é. ûñÇݳϳÝ. óáõÙ. There can be no ~ ²ñ¹³ñ³óáõÙ ãϳ.
~ man/sentence/war ³ñ¹³ñ(³óÇ) Ù³ñ¹/¹³- There is no ~ ÑÇÙù ãϳ:
ï³í×Çé/å³ï»ñ³½Ù: get one’s ~ reward ³ñ- justify [΄dзΛstifai] v ³ñ¹³ñ³óÝ»É, Ý»ñ»É,
ųÝÇ å³ñ·¨Á ëï³Ý³É. The suspicions were ÑÇÙݳíáñ»É. ~ oneself ³ñ¹³ñ³Ý³É. (ѳë-
~ ϳëϳÍÝ»ñÁ ³ñ¹³ñ³óÇ ¿ÇÝ. be ~ towards ï³ï»É) Research doesn’t ~ this theory лï³-
people Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó Ñ»ï ³ñ¹³ñ í³ñí»É. ~ ½áïáõÃÛáõÝÁ ãÇ Ñ³ëï³ïáõÙ ³Ûë ï»ëáõ-
compensation ÑÇÙݳíáñí³Í ÷áËѳïáõ- ÃÛáõÝÁ:
óáõÙ. justly [΄dзΛstli] adv ³ñ¹³ñ. act ~ ³ñ¹³ñ
just [dзΛst] adv Ñ»Ýó áõÕÕ³ÏÇ. ~ now Ñ»Ýó ·áñÍ»É. He was ~ punished ܳ ³ñ¹³ñ³óÇá-
Ýáñ. (×Çßï) ~ in time ×Çßï ųٳݳÏÇÝ. ~ ñ»Ý å³ïÅí»ó:
here Ñ»Ýó ³Ûëï»Õ. ~ the man Ñ»Ýó/×Çßï ³ÛÝ jut [dзΛt]1. n ¹áõñë óóí³Í Ù³ë. 2. v ¹áõñë
Ù³ñ¹Á. ~ so Ñ»Ýó ³Û¹å»ë. (ÙdzÛÝ, å³ñ½³- óóí»É, »ÉÝ»É:
å»ë) ~ a joke å³ñ½³å»ë ϳï³Ï. ~ in case jute [dзu:t] n μëμ. çáõà (ûɳïáõ μáõÛë):
ѳٻݳÛÝ ¹»åë. ~ a little ÙdzÛÝ ÙÇ ùÇã. only juvenescence [‚dзu:vi΄nesns] n å³ï³Ý»-
~ enough ѳ½Çí μ³í³ñ³ñáõÙ ¿. ~ a second ÏáõÃÛáõÝ, »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹áõÃÛáõÝ:
ÙÇ í³ÛñÏÛ³Ý. ~ the same ÙǨÝáõÛÝ ¿. It is ~ juvenile [΄dзu:vənail] n å³ï³ÝÇ, ¹»é³-
splendid ¸³ å³ñ½³å»ë ÑáÛ³Ï³å ¿. Lunch ѳë, ¹»é³ïÇ. ~ delinquent ¹»é³Ñ³ë ѳÝ-
is ~ about ready Ö³ßÁ ѳٳñÛ³ å³ïñ³ëï ó³·áñÍ. ~ delinquency Ù³ÝÏ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ýó³-
¿. J~ you wait ¸» ëå³ëÇñ. ~ as well (³í»ÉÇ) ·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ offender ³Ýã³÷³Ñ³ë Çñ³-
ɳí. I might ~ as well have stayed at home ºë í³Ë³Ëï:
³í»ÉÇ É³í ¿ ï³ÝÁ ÙݳÛÇ: juxtapose [‚dзΛkstə΄pəuz] v ѳϳ¹ñ»É,
justice [΄dзΛstis] n ³ñ¹³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. do ~ ³ñ- ѳٻٳï»É:
¹³ñ³¹³ïáõÃÛáõÝ Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É. å³ïß³- juxtaposition [‚dзΛkstəpə΄zi∫n] n ѳϳ¹-
×Á ѳïáõó»É. denial of ~ ³ñ¹³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ñ- ñáõÙ, ѳٻٳïáõÃÛáõÝ:
458

K, k [kei] n ³Ý·É»ñ»Ý ³Ûμáõμ»ÝÇ 11-ñ¹ ³Ùë³·ñ»ñÁ å³Ñ»É. ~ a secret ·³ÕïÝÇùÁ


ï³éÁ£ å³Ñ»É ~ one’s temper Çñ»Ý ½ëå»É, ë³éÝáõ-
kali [΄kæli] n ùÇÙ. åáï³ß: ÃÛáõÝ å³Ñ»É. (ϳï³ñ»É) ~ one’s word/pro-
kalium [΄ka:liəm] ùÇÙ. ϳÉÇáõÙ: mise ËáëùÁ/ËáëïáõÙÁ ϳï³ñ»É. ~ to the
kangaroo [‚kæŋgə΄ru:] n ϻݷáõñáõ, ³·»- law/rules ûñ»ÝùÁ/ϳÝáÝÝ»ñÁ ã˳Ëï»É. ~
í³½: one’s birthday ÍÝáõݹÁ ϳï³ñ»É/ïáÝ»É. ~ a
kaolin [΄keiəlin] n ׻ݳϳí, ϳáÉÇÝ: family ÁÝï³ÝÇù å³Ñ»É. ~ a dog ßáõÝ
kbit (kilobit) [΄kiləubit] ÑÙÏñ·. ÏÇÉnμÇà (1024 å³Ñ»É. ~ a diary/an account ûñ³·Çñ å³Ñ»É,
μÇÃ). ѳßÇíÁ í³ñ»É. ~ waiting ëå³ë»óÝ»É, ëå³-
kbyte (kilobyte) [΄kiləubait] ÏÇÉáμ³Ûà (1024 ë»É ï³É. ~ clean Ù³ùáõñ å³Ñ»É. (ß³ñáõ-
μ³ÛÃ)£ ݳϻÉ) ~ talking/crying ß³ñáõÝ³Ï»É Ëá-
keel I [ki:l] n Íáí. ݳíÇ áÕݳ÷³Ûï. false ~ ë»É/ɳó ÉÇÝ»É. ~ to the right/left ³ç/Ó³Ë
áÕݳ÷³ÛïÇ å³Ñå³Ý³Ï. ~ over ßáõé å³Ñ»É. ~ calm ѳݷëïáõÃÛáõÝ å³Ñå³Ý»É.
ï³É/·³É, ßñçí»É: ~ silent ÉéáõÃÛáõÝ å³Ñå³Ý»É. ~ together
keel II [ki:l] n ѳñóѳï³Ï μ»éݳݳí: ÙdzëÇÝ ÙݳÉ. (³éáÕçáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇÝ) How
keen [ki:n] a ëáõñ, ë³ëïÇÏ. ѳïáõ. ͳÏáÕ. are you ~ing? ËëÏó. ÆÝãå»±ë »ù ~ fit ɳí
~ blade ëáõñ ³Í»ÉÇ. ~ wind ëáõñ/ͳÏáÕ Ó¨Ç Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É. (ëÝÝ¹Ç Ù³ëÇÝ-å³Ñå³Ýí»É)
ù³ÙÇ. ~ cold ͳÏáÕ óáõñï, ë³éݳٳÝÇù. The fish will ~ up ÒáõÏÁ ãÇ ÷ã³Ý³. The
(ó÷³ÝóáÕ) ~ glance ó÷³ÝóáÕ Ñ³Û³óù. weather ~s fine È³í »Õ³Ý³Ï ¿ ³ÝáõÙ. ~ away
~ taste Ýáõñμ ׳߳Ï. (áõÅ»Õ) ~ hunger/inter- ½·áõ߳ݳÉ, Ñ»éáõ ÙݳÉ. ~ back лï å³Ñ»É.
est áõÅ»Õ ù³Õó/Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ pain óùóÝ»É. ~ back tears ³ñóáõÝùÝ»ñÁ ½ëå»É.
ͳÏáÕ ó³í. ~ disappointment ËáñÁ ~ the news back ÉáõñÁ óùóÝ»É. K~ back!
Ñdzëó÷áõÃÛáõÝ. ~ hunter/climber áñëáñ¹. л°ï ·Ý³ó»ù. ~ down ×Ýß»É, Ñݳ½³Ý-
³ÉåÇÝÇëï. be ~ on ï³ñí»É, Ñ»ï³ùñùñí»É. ¹áõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç å³Ñ»É. ~ from Ññ³Å³ñí»É.
He is ~ on football ݳ ýáõïμáÉáí ¿ ï³ñí³Í. Ñ»ï å³Ñ»É. He kept me from my work ܳ
~ hearing ݳ¨ ÷Ëμ. ëáõñ ÉëáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ sight ÇÝÓ Ë³Ý·³ñ»ó ³ß˳ï»É. ~ in with smn
ëáõñ ï»ëáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ appetite É³í ³Ëáñ- Ù»ÏÇ Ñ»ï ɳí ѳñ³μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ å³Ñ»É.
ųÏ. ~ to strict diet å³Ñå³Ý»É ËÇëï ¹Ç»ï³. ~
keenly [΄ki:nli] adv look ~ ³ãù»ñÁ ѳé³Í up with current affairs Ñ»ï ãÙݳÉ. ·áñÍ»ñÇÝ
ݳۻÉ. feel ~ áõÅ»Õ ½·³É: Çñ³½»Ï ÉÇÝ»É:
keep [ki:p] n ³åñáõëï. earn one’s ~ Çñ ³å- keeper I [΄ki:pə] n å³Ñ³Ï, å³Ñ³å³Ý,
ñáõëïÁ í³ëï³Ï»É. be not worth one’s ~ Çñ ÑëÏÇã. Íáí. Ñ»ñóå³Ñ (ݳ¨ ÑÇí³Ý¹³Ýá-
í³ëï³ÏÇÝ ³ñųÝÇ ãÉÇÝ»É. for ~s ÁݹÙÇßï: óáõÙ). ³Ýï³é³å³Ñ:
keep [ki:p] v å³Ñ»É, å³Ñå³Ý»É. You may ~ keeper II [ki:pə] (μ³ñ¹ μ³é»ñáõÙ÷ -keeper)
the photo ÜϳñÁ ϳñáÕ »ë ù»½ å³Ñ»É. ~ the ï»ñ, å³ÑáÕ. inn-keeper ÑÛáõñ³ÝáóÇ ï»ñ.
law ûñ»ÝùÁ å³Ñ»É. (áõݻݳÉ, ϳé³í³ñ»É) shop-keeper ˳ÝáõÃå³Ý:
~ a hotel/a shop ÑÛáõñ³Ýáó/˳Ýáõà áõݻݳÉ. keep-fit [‚ki:p΄fit] adj ~ exercises ÉÇóù³ÛÇÝ
~ my seat ï»Õë å³ÑÇñ. ~ one’s job ³ß˳- í³ñÅáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ϳï³ñ»É:
ï³ÝùÁ å³Ñå³Ý»É. ~ to one’s room ï³ÝÁ keeping [΄ki:piŋ] n å³Ñ»ÉÁ, å³Ñå³Ý»ÉÁ. in
ÙÝ³É (ÑÇí³Ý¹ å³éÏ³Í ¨ ³ÛÉÝ). ~ up corre- safe ~ ³å³Ñáí. ~ in repair ë³ñùÇÝ íÇ׳-
spondence ݳٳϳ·ñáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ. K~ it ÏáõÙ å³Ñ»ÉÁ. in ~ with ѳٳå³ï³ë˳-
to yourself ²Û¹ Ù³ëÇÝ ÉéÇñ. ~ the minutes ³ñ- Ý»É, Ý»ñ¹³ßÝ³Ï ÉÇÝ»É. ~ in force áõÅÇ Ù»ç
ӳݳ·ñáõÃÛáõÝ í³ñ»É. ~ old magazines ÑÇÝ å³Ñ»ÉÁ. out of ~ with ãѳٳå³ï³ë˳-
keepsake 459 kid

Ý»É, ãÝ»ñ¹³ßݳϻÉ. safety ~ ³Ýíï³Ý·áõ- ëï»Õݳ߳ñÇ ¹³ë³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ entry


ÃÛ³Ý ³å³ÑáíáõÃÛáõÝ: Ùáõïù ëï»Õݳ߳ñÇó. ~ input ëï»Õݳ-
keepsake [΄ki:pseik] n Ñáõß³Ýí»ñ. as a ~ ß³ñÇó Ý»ñÙáõÍí³Í ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ. ~ mode
áñå»ë Ñáõß³Ýí»ñ. ëï»Õݳ߳ñÇó Ý»ñÙáõÍíáÕ é»ÅÇÙ. ~ pass-
keg [keg] n ï³Ï³éÇÏ: word ëï»Õݳ߳ñÇó Ý»ñÙáõÍíáÕ ·³Õï-
kennel I [΄kenl] n ß³Ý μáõÛÝ. ÷Ëμ. ÑÛáõÕ³Ï Ý³μ³é£
³Õù³ï Ëñ×ÇÃ: keyword [΄ki:wə:d] ÑÇÙݳμ³é:
kennel II [΄kenl] n Ï»Õï³çñÇ ³éáõ: keyhole [΄ki:həul] n μ³Ý³Éáõ ³Ýóù. look
kerb [kə:b] n Ù³Ûû½ñ. draw into the ~ Ù³ÛÃÇ through the ~ μ³Ý³Éáõ ³ÝóùÇó ¹Çï»É/ݳۻÉ.
Ùáï ϳݷ ³éÝ»É. listen at ~ μ³Ý³Éáõ ³ÝóùÇó Éë»É:
kerb-stone [΄kə:bstəun] n (Ù³ÛÃÇ) »½ñ³- keynote [΄ki:nəut] n »ñÅß. ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ïáÝ.
ù³ñ: ÷Ëμ. ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ÙÇïù/ëϽμáõÝù. É»ÛïÙá-
kerchief [΄kə:t∫if] n ·É˳ßáñ: ïÇí. ùÕù.ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý ·ÇÍ. ~
kernel [΄kə:nl] n ѳïÇÏ, ÙÇçáõÏ, Ïáñǽ (ÁÝ- speaker ·É˳íáñ/å³ïí³íáñ ½»ÏáõóáÕ. ~
ÏáõÛ½ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ). ÷Ëμ. ·áñÍÇ ¿áõÃÛáõÝÁ/áõÕÝ áõ speech Íñ³·ñ³ÛÇÝ ×³é/»ÉáõÛÃ:
ÍáõÍÁ. ÷ÇÉ. é³óÇáÝ³É Ñ³ïÇÏ: key-ring [΄ki:riŋ] n ûÕ³Ï μ³Ý³ÉÇÝ»ñÇ Ñ³-
kerosene [΄kerəsi:n] n ݳíÃ. a ~ lamp ݳíÃÇ Ù³ñ:
ɳÙå: key-stone [΄ki:stəun] n ÑÇÙݳù³ñ ³ÝÏÛáõ-
kersey [΄kə:zi] n ÏáåÇï μñ¹» ·áñÍí³Íù: ݳù³ñ:
ketch [ket∫] n »ñÏϳÛÙ ³é³·³ëï³Ý³í: khaki [΄ka:ki] n ˳ÏÇ ·áñÍí³Íù. ѳٳ-
kettle [΄ketl] n Ù»ï³Õ» û۳ٳÝ. whistling ~ ½·»ëï ˳ÏÇ ·áñÍí³ÍùÇó. ˳ÏÇ ·áõÛÝ:
ëáõÉáóáí û۳ٳÝ. a pretty/nice ~ of fish kick [kik] n ù³óÇ, ³ù³óÇ. get the ~ ³ù³óÇ
ËëÏó. ßÇɳ÷ɳí, ˳éݳß÷áÃ: ëï³Ý³É. ÷Ëμ. ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÇó íï³ñí»É.
kettle-drum [΄ketldrΛm] n »ñÅß. ÃÙμáõÏÇ Ùñ½. ѳñí³Í. free/penalty ~ ³½³ï/ïáõ·³-
ï»ë³Ï. ËëÏó. ûÛÇ Ññ³í»ñ: ݳÛÇÝ Ñ³ñí³Í. take a flying ~ at the ball û¹Ç
key I [ki:] 1. n μ³Ý³ÉÇ. under lock and ~ ÷³- Ù»ç ·Ý¹³ÏÇÝ Ñ³ñí³Í»É. do smth for ~s
ÏÇ ï³Ï. skeleton ~ μ³Ý³Éáõ ϳճå³ñ, ѳ×áõÛùÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ³Ý»É. He needs a good ~
³·é³íáõÏ. skeleton/master ~ ³·é³íáõÏ Ü³ ɳí óÏáóÇ/Í»ÍÇ Ï³ñÇù áõÝÇ. have no
(ÏáÕå»ùÝ»ñ μ³Ý³Éáõ ·áñÍÇù). ¿É. Ñáë³Ý- ~ left áõųëå³é ÉÇÝ»É. good/bad ~ ɳí/í³ï
ù³÷áËÇã ÉͳÏ/μ³Ý³ÉÇ. »ñÅß. ïáݳÛÝáõ- ýáõïμáÉÇëï:
ÃÛáõÝ, μ³Ý³ÉÇ, ëï»Õݳ߳ñ. major/minor ~ kick [kik] v ù³óÇ ï³É. The horse ~ed him ÒÇÝ
Ù³Åáñ/ÙÇÝáñ ïáݳÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ. in the ~ of A Ýñ³Ý ù³óáí Ë÷»ó. I could have ~ed myself
major ɳ Ù³Åáñ ïáݳÛÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ. telegraph ~ ºë å³ïñ³ëï ¿Ç ÇÝÓ ·³Ý³Ñ³ñ»É. It’s no
ѻ鳷ñ³ëï»ÕÝ. golden/silver ~ ϳ߳éù. use ~ing against the fate ²Ýû·áõï ¿ ׳ϳï³-
have /get the ~ of the street. ËëÏó. ³ÝïáõÝ/ ·ñÇÝ ¹ÇÙ³¹ñ»É. Don’t ~ the man when he is
³Ý³å³ëï³Ý ÉÇÝ»É. the ~ to the mistery down ÀÝϳÍÇÝ ã»Ý Ë÷áõÙ. The gun ~s Ðñ³-
·³ÕïÝÇùÇ μ³Ý³ÉÇÝ. 2. a ϳñ¨áñ, í×éá- ½»ÝÁ Ñ»ï³Ñ³ñí³Í ¿ ï³ÉÇë. ~ about/
ñáß. ~ figure Ï»ÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý ¹»Ùù. ~ key el- around ·Ý¹³Ïáí ˳ճÉ. ~ off ¹»Ý Ý»ï»É. ~
ements ϳñ¨áñ ï³ññ»ñ. a ~ position ϳñ¨áñ off one’s shoes ÏáßÇÏÝ»ñÁ ßåñï»Éáí ѳݻÉ.
¹Çñù. ~ person ³é³ç³ï³ñ/³Ý÷á˳ñÇ- ~ out ¹áõñë ùß»É, íéݹ»É. He was ~ed out of
Ý»ÉÇ Ù³ëݳ·»ï. a ~ industry ³ñ¹Ûáõݳμ»- his job Üñ³Ý ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇó ¹áõñë ³ñ»óÇÝ.
ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³é³ç³ï³ñ ×ÛáõÕ: ~ up a fuss ³ÕÙáõÏ μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É:
key II [ki:] n ÑÙÏñ·. ëï»ÕÝ. ~ pad ëï»Õݳ- kicker [΄kikə] n ³ÕÙϳñ³ñ, ÏéÇí ë³ñùáÕ.
ËáõÙμ. ~ address ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ëó». ~ field Ùñ½. ·Ý¹³ÏÁ Ý»ïáÕ ýáõïμáÉÇëï:
ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ¹³ßï. ~ off/on ³Ýç³ï»É/Ùdzó- kickshaw [΄kik∫ɔ:] n ³ñÑÙ. ù³Õóñ»Õ»Ý,
Ý»É. ~ search áñáÝáõÙ Áëï μ³Ý³Éáõ: ѳÙáí áõï»ÉÇù. ÷Ëμ. ãÝãÇÝ/¹³ï³ñÏ
key III [ki:] n ËáõÃ, ëïáñçñÛ³ ųÛé: μ³Ý:
keyboard [΄ki:bɔ:d] n ëï»Õݳ߳ñ. ¿É. ÷á- kid [kid] n áõÉÇÏ. ËëÏó. »ñ»Ë³/μ³ÉÇÏ.
˳ñÏÇã, ÏáÙáõï³ïáñ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ layout (ϳßÇ) ɳÛù³. ~ gloves ɳÛù³ÛÇ Ó»éÝáóÝ»ñ:
kid 460 kindred

kid [kid] v ˳μ»É. You can’t ~ me ÆÝÓ ã»ë ³½·áõï³Ï. of ~ ³½·³ÏÇó, ѳñ³½³ï.
˳μÇ. I was only ~ ding ê³ Ï³ï³Ï ¿ñ. No ~ ³½·³Ï³ÝÝ»ñ. next of ~ ³Ù»Ý³Ùáï
ding? Èá±õñç »ë ³ëáõÙ: μ³ñ»Ï³Ù. blood/ collateral/linear ~
kidd/y [΄kidi] n ÷Õù. μ³ÉÇÏ, åëïÇÏ. come ³ñÛáõݳÏÇó/Ñ»é³íáñ/Ù»ñÓ³íáñ ³½·³-
on ~ ies »Ï»ù »ñ»Ë»ù. my ~ brother/sister Ç٠ϳÝ:
Ïñïë»ñ »Õμ³ÛñÁ/ùáõÛñÁ: kind [kaind] n ó»Õ, ï»ë³Ï. human ~ Ù³ñ¹-
kidnap [΄kidnæp] v ³é¨³Ý·áõÙ: ϳÛÇÝ ó»Õ. They differ in ~ Üñ³Ýù Çñ»Ýó
kidnapper [΄kidnæpə] n ѳ÷ßï³ÏÇã, μÝáõÛÃáí ï³ñμ»ñ »Ý. of its ~ Çñ ï»ë³ÏÇ
³é¨³Ý·Çã: Ù»ç. of a better ~ ³í»ÉÇ É³í/ϳï³ñ»-
kidnapping [΄kidnæpiŋ] n ³é¨³Ý·áõÙ. ~ at- ɳ·áñÍí³Í ï»ë³Ï. what ~ of ? ƱÝã ï»-
tempt ³é¨³Ý·Ù³Ý ÷áñÓ. faked ~ Ï»ÕÍ ë³Ï. What ~ of coffee do you call it? Ñ»·Ý. ºí
³é¨³Ý·áõÙ: ¹áõ ë³ ëá±õñ× »ë ³Ýí³ÝáõÙ. Nothing of the
kidney [΄kidni]1. n ϽÙË. »ñÇϳÙÝ»ñ. float- ~ àã ÙÇ ÝÙ³Ý μ³Ý. ³Ù»Ý¨ÇÝ. all ~s of ³Ù»Ý
ing ~ μÅßÏ. ß³ñÅáõÝ »ñÇϳÙ. 2. a »ñÇϳٳ- ï»ë³ÏÇ. act after one’s ~ Çñ»Ý ѳí³ï³ñÇÙ
ÛÇÝ, »ñÇϳٳӨ. ~ bean ÉáμÇ: ÙݳÉ. pay in ~ μݳÙûñùáí í׳ñ»É. a ~ of
kill [kil] v ëå³Ý»É. ÷Ëμ. Ëáñï³Ï»É, Ïáñͳ- ÙÇ ï»ë³Ï, áñáß ã³÷áí. something of the ~
Ý»É. ÙáñÃ»É (³Ý³ëáõÝ). ~ in self-defence ÇÝã-áñ ÙÇ ÝÙ³Ý μ³Ý. ~ of work ³ß˳-
ëå³Ý»É ÇÝùݳå³ßïå³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³Ý- ï³ÝùÇ μÝáõÛÃ:
Ý»ñáõÙ. be ~ed in the war å³ï»ñ³½ÙáõÙ kind [kaind] a μ³ñÇ, μ³ñ»ëÇñï. a ~ act μ³-
½áÑí»É. Drinking ~ed him ÊÙ»ÉÁ Ýñ³Ý Ïáñ- ñÇ ·áñÍ. be very ~ ß³ï μ³ñÇ/ëÇñ³ÉÇñ
ͳݻó. The frost ~ed the tulips ê³éݳٳ- ÉÇÝ»É. Be so ~ as... ´³ñÇ »Õ»ù... be ~ to ani-
ÝÇùÇó ϳϳãÝ»ñÁ áãÝã³ó³Ý. ~ time ÷Ëμ. mals ϻݹ³ÝÇÝ»ñÇÝ É³í í»ñ³μ»ñí»É:
Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ëå³Ý»É. The heat is ~ing Þá·Á/ kindergarten [΄kində‚ga:tn] n Ù³Ýϳå³ñ-
î³åÁ ëå³ÝÇã ¿. ~ a rumour ¹³¹³ñ»óÝ»É ï»½:
μ³Ùμ³ë³ÝùÁ. dressed to ~ áïùÇó ·ÉáõË kind-hearted [‚kaind΄ha:tid] a μ³ñ»ëÇñï,
å×Ýí³Í. The ramark ~ed the conversation ²Ûë μ³ñÇ:
¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÷ã³óñ»ó ³ÙμáÕç ½ñáõÛóÁ: kindle [΄kindl] v í³é»É. ÷Ëμ. μáñμáù»É,
killer [΄kilə] n Ù³ñ¹³ëå³Ý. hired ~ í³ñÓáõ Ññ³Ññ»É. ~ a fire/bonfire ˳ñáõÛÏ í³é»É. ~
Ù³ñ¹³ëå³Ý. pain ~ ËëÏó. ó³í ÏïñáÕ ¹»Õ: interest ÷Ëμ. Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝ ³é³ç³ó-
killing [΄kiliŋ] a ٳѳóáõ, ٳѳμ»ñ. ËÇëï Ý»É:
½í³ñ׳ÉÇ, ë³ëïÇÏ ÍÇͳջÉÇ. It was ~ kindliness [΄kaindlinəs] n μ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, μ³ñÇ
ÌÇͳÕÇó å³ÛûóÇÝù: ³ñÅ»ù/·áñÍ:
killing [΄kiliŋ] n ëå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. legal ~ ٳѳ- kindling [΄kindliŋ] n Ïåã³Ý, ï³ß»Õ. μáñ-
å³ïÇÅ. ~ by negligence ëå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý- μáùáõÙ, Ññ³ÑñáõÙ:
½·áõßáõÃÛ³Ùμ: kindly [΄kaindli] a μ³ñÇ, Ù»ÕÙ (ÏÉÇÙ³):
kill-joy [΄kildзɔi] n ï³ÕïϳÉÇ/Ó³ÝÓñ³ÉÇ kindly [΄kaindli] adv μ³ñÛ³ó³Ï³Ùáñ»Ý, ëÇ-
Ù³ñ¹. áõñ³ËáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÃáõݳíáñáÕ. He is a ñ³ÉÇñ Ï»ñåáí. She ~ helped me ܳ ëÇñ³ÉÇñ
~ ØÇßï μáÉáñÇ áõñ³ËáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ãáõݳ- Ï»ñåáí û·Ý»ó ÇÝÓ: Would you ~...? ´³ñÇ
íáñáõÙ ¿: ÏÉÇݻDZù... feel ~ disposed ɳí ïñ³-
kiln [kiln] n Ãñͳí³é³ñ³Ý: Ù³¹ñí³Í ÉÇÝ»É (Ù»ÏÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ):
kilo [΄ki:ləu] n ÏÇÉá·ñ³Ù, ÏÇÉá: kindness [΄kaindnəs] n μ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ëÇ-
kilometre [΄kiləmi:tə] n ÏÇÉáÙ»ïñ. forty ~s ñ³ÉÇñáõÃÛáõÝ. do smb a ~ ëÇñ³ÉÇñáõÃÛáõÝ/
an hour ųÙáõÙ ù³é³ëáõÝ ÏÙ: ßÝáñÑ ³Ý»É:
kilowatt [΄kiləwɒt] n ÏÇÉáí³ï. ~ hour ÏÇÉá- kindred [΄kindrid] n ³ñÛáõݳÏóáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ñ-
í³ï ųÙ: ÛáõݳÏó³Ï³Ý ϳå. ÷Ëμ. ³½·³Ï³ÝÝ»ñ,
kilt [kilt] n ßáïɳݹ³Ï³Ý ϳñ× ßñç³- ³½·³ÏÇóÝ»ñ:
½·»ëï, ÷»ß: kindred [΄kindrid] a ³½·³ÏÇó, ÝÙ³Ý. ~
kin [kin] n ïáÑÙ, ÁÝï³ÝÇù, ³½·³Ï³Ý. tribes/languages ³½·³ÏÇó ó»Õ»ñ/É»½áõÝ»ñ. ~
king 461 knee-deep

diseases ÝÙ³Ý/ÝٳݳïÇå ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝ- kitchener [΄kit∫ənə] n ËáѳÝáóÇ ë³Éûç³Ë.


Ý»ñ. ~ souls ÷Ëμ. ³½·³ÏÇó Ñá·ÇÝ»ñ. ~ of- Ëáѳñ³ñ:
fence Çñ³í. ѳÝó³·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ ³ñÛáõݳÏ- kitchen-maid [΄kit∫ənmeid] n ³Ù³Ý»Õ»Ý
óÇ/³½·³Ï³ÝÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ: Éí³óáÕ (ÏÇÝ):
king [kiŋ] n ó·³íáñ. ³ñù³. ïÇñ³Ï³É. K~ kitchen-stuff [΄kit∫ənstΛf] n ׳ßÇ Ùûñù
of England ²Ý·ÉdzÛÇ Ã³·³íáñÁ. ~ of beasts (ÑïÏå. μ³Ýç³ñ»Õ»Ý). ËáѳÝáóÇ Ã³÷áÝ-
÷Ëμ. ·³½³ÝÝ»ñÇ ³ñù³. oil ~s ݳíÃÇ Ý»ñ. ׳ßÇ Ùݳóáñ¹Ý»ñ:
³ñù³Ý»ñÁ. ~ size Ù»Í/Ëáßáñ ã³÷Ç:
kite [kait] n áõñáõñ, óÇÝ. ÃÕû û¹³å³-
ñÇÏ/í»ñѳÝÇã. fly a ~ û¹³å³ñÇÏ ÃéóÝ»É.
kingdom [΄kiŋdəm] n ó·³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. ³½- Çñ³í. (˳ñ¹³Ë í׳ñ³·Çñ) fly a ~ ÷áñÓ»É
¹»óáõÃÛ³Ý áÉáñï. the United K ~ ØdzóÛ³É Ë³ñ¹³Ë í׳ñ³·ñáí ÷áÕ ëï³Ý³É:
³·³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. animal/plant ~ ϻݹ³Ý³- kith [kiθ] n ~ and kin ³½·áõï³Ï. μ³ñ»Ï³Ù-
ϳÝ/μáõë³Ï³Ý ó·³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ: Ý»ñ ¨ ³½·³Ï³ÝÝ»ñ£
kingfisher [΄kiŋ‚fi∫ə] n ϻݹ. ÍÕÝÇ (ÃéãáõÝ), kithless [΄kiθləs] a ³Ýáù, ³Ý³½·³Ï³Ý:
³ÉÏÇáÝ: kitten [΄kitn] n, v ϳïíÇ Ó³·. Ó³· μ»ñ»É
kingly [΄kiŋli] a í»Ñ, í»Ñ³å³ÝÍ. ó·³íá- (ϳïíÇ Ù³ëÇÝ):
ñ³Ï³Ý, ³ñù³Û³Ï³Ý: kittle [΄kitl] a Ù³Ýñ³ËݹÇñ, μͳËݹÇñ.
kink [kiŋk] n áÉáñáõÙ. Ë××áõÙ (ûÉÇ, å³ñ³- ßáõï íÇñ³íáñíáÕ:
ÝÇ). have odd ~s ï³ñûñÇݳÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ kitty [΄kiti] n ÷Çëá, ÷ÇëÇÏ. ÃÕÃË. μ³ÝÏ. here
~ - ~ ÷Çëá-÷Çëá:
áõݻݳÉ:
kloof [klu:f] n ÏÇñ×, Óáñ:
kinky [΄kiŋki] a ·³Ý·áõñ, Ëáõ×áõ×: kleptomania [‚kleptəu΄meiniə] n ·áÕáõÃÛ³Ý
kinsfolk [΄kinzfəuk] n ³½·³Ï³ÝÝ»ñ, ³½·³- ÙáÉáõóù. ·áÕ³ÙáÉáõÃÛáõÝ (·áճݳÉáõ ÑÇ-
ÏÇóÝ»ñ: í³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝ):
kinship [΄kin∫ip] n ³½·³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ, ÝÙ³Ýáõ- knack [næk] n ÑÙïáõÃÛáõÝ, ׳ñåÏáõÃÛáõÝ.
ÃÛáõÝ. real ~ ÇëÏ³Ï³Ý ³ñÛáõݳÏó³Ï³Ý have the ~ to say the right thing ÙÇßï ÇٳݳÉ
³½·³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ: ÇÝã ³ë»É. have a ~ with animals ϻݹ³ÝÇ-
kinsman [΄kinzmən] n ³½·³Ï³Ý: Ý»ñÇ Ñ»ï í³ñí»É ÇٳݳÉ:
kinswoman [΄kinz‚wumən] n ³½·³Ï³ÝáõÑÇ: knacker [΄nækə] n ѳí³ù³·Ýáñ¹ (ÑÇÝ ß»Ý-
kip [kip] 1. n ËëÏó. ûè³Ý³ïáõÝ. 2. v ùÝ»É, ù»ñÇ/ݳí»ñÇ, Í»ñ³ó³Í ÓÇ»ñÇ):
³ãùÁ ÷³Ï»É. ~ down on the floor ·»ïÝÇÝ knacky [΄næki] a ׳ñåÇÏ, ׳ñï³ñ, ÑÙáõï:
ùÝ»É:
knag [næg] n ѳëï ×ÛáõÕ, áëï:
knaggy [΄nægi] a áëï³ß³ï, ×ÛáõÕ³é³ï:
kipper [΄kipə] n ³åËï³Í ѳñÇÝ· (ë»ÉÛá¹- knap [næp] v ËÇ× ç³ñ¹»É. ù³ñ ÷ßñ»É/Ù³Ý-
ϳ): ñ³óÝ»É:
kiss [kis] 1. n ѳÙμáõÛñ. 2. v ѳÙμáõñ»É. ~ knapsack [΄næpsæk] n Çñ»ñÇ å³ñÏ. å³Ûáõ-
away tears ѳÙμáõñ»Éáí ÙËÇóñ»É. ѳÙ- ë³Ï. Ù»çùÇ å³Ûáõë³Ï. áõë³å³ñÏ:
μáõÛñÝ»ñáí ³ñóáõÝùÝ»ñÁ ëñμ»É. ~ the Book knave [neiv] n ëñÇϳ, ˳ñ¹³Ë, ˳μ»μ³.
ѳÙμáõñ»É ²ëïí³Í³ßáõÝãÁ (»ñ¹áõÙ ï³- ÃÕÃË. í³É»ï:
ÉÇë): knavish [΄neivi∫] a ˳ñ¹³Ë, ëñÇϳ۳ϳÝ:
kit [kit] n áõÝ»óí³Íù. ·áñÍÇù»ñÇ Ñ³í³ù³- knead [ni:d] v ÑáõÝó»É (ËÙáñÁ). ïñáñ»É
Íáõ. é½Ù. ½ÇÝíáñÇ ³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ý¹»ñ- (ϳíÁ). ˳éÝ»É:
Ó³Ýù. skiing ~ ¹³ÑáõÏ³í³½ùÇ Ñ³Ý¹»ñ-
knee [ni:] n ÍáõÝÏ. go (down) on one’s ~ ÍÝÏÇ
·³É. feel weak at the ~s ÍÝÏÝ»ñÁ ¹áÕ³É. bring
Ó³Ýù. tool ~ ·áñÍÇùÝ»ñÇ ³ñÏÕ/ѳٳÉÇñ.
a person to his ~ ÷Ëμ. Ù»ÏÇÝ ÍáõÝÏÇ μ»ñ»É.
shaving ~ ë³÷ñí»Éáõ ë³ñù. first aid ~ ¹»- give a ~ to ³ç³Ïó»É:
Õ³ñÏÕ(ÇÏ). training ~ áõëáõóáÕ³Ï³Ý å³- knee-breeches [΄ni:‚brit∫iz] n pl ÙÇÝã¨
ñ³·³Ý»ñÇ Éñ³Ï³½Ù: ÍáõÝÏÁ ѳëÝáÕ ß³Éí³ñ, μñÇçÝ»ñ:
kit-bag [΄kitbæg] n é½Ù. Çñ»ñÇ ïáåñ³Ï: knee-cap [΄ni:kæp] n ÍÝϳå³Ý³Ï. ϽÙË.
kitchen [΄kit∫ən] n ËáѳÝáó. public ~ ѳë³- ÍÝÏáëÏñ:
ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ׳߳ñ³Ý. ~ garden μ³Ýç³ñ³- knee-deep [‚ni:΄di:p] a ÙÇÝ㨠ÍáõÝÏÁ. ~
Ýáó. ~ range/sink ËáѳÝáóÇ ë³Éûç³Ë/ÏáÝù: length ÍÝÏÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³ëÝáÕ »ñϳñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ in
kneehigh 462 knockout

water ÙÇÝ㨠ÍÝÏÝ»ñÁ çñáõÙ. knobble [΄nɒbl] n ÷áùñÇÏ áõéáõóù,


kneehigh [‚ni:΄hai] a ÙÇÝ㨠ÍáõÝÏÁ. The grass ·Ý¹ÇÏ:
was ~ ÊáïÁ ÙÇÝ㨠ÍÝÏÝ»ñÝ ¿ñ ѳëÝáõÙ: knobby [΄nɒbi] a ³ÝѳñÃ, »Éáõݹ³íáñ:
knee-joint [΄ni:dзɔint] n ÍÝϳÑá¹: knobstick [΄nɒbstik] n ·ÉËÇÏáí Ó»éݳ-
kneel [ni:l] v ÍÝÏÇ ·³É, ÍÝÏ³Í ÙݳÉ: ÷³Ûï, ٳѳÏ:
knell [nel] n ÑáõÕ³ñϳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ, ë·³Õá- knock [nɒk] n óÏáó (¹áõé). ½³ñÏ, ѳñ-
Õ³Ýç: í³Í. hear a ~ óÏáó Éë»É. Give me a ~ at eight
knicker-bockers [΄nikəbɒkəz] n ËëÏó. o’clock ijÙÇ áõÃÇÝ ¹áõéë óÏÇñ. a ~ on the
μñÇçÝ»ñ. ÍÝÏÝ»ñÇó ó³Í ÇçÝáÕ ß³Éí³ñ. head ѳñí³Í ·ÉËÇÝ. get the ~ ËëÏó. ³ß-
ݳ¨ ϳݳóÇ í³ñïÇù. (Ïñ×. knickers). ˳ï³ÝùÇó/å³ßïáÝÇó ½ñÏí»É:
knick-knack [΄niknæk] n Ù³Ýñ ½³ñ¹³- knock [nɒk] v ½³ñÏ»É, ѳñí³Í»É, óϻÉ. ~
ñ³Ýù (áã óÝϳñÅ»ù): on the door ¹é³Ý óÏáó. The engine is ~ing
knife [naif] 1. n ¹³Ý³Ï 2. v ¹³Ý³Ï³Ñ³ñ»É. ï»Ë. Þ³ñÅÇãÁ ³ÝϳÝáÝ ¿ ³ß˳ïáõÙ
the ~ ËëÏó. íÇñ³Ñ³ïáõÃÛáõÝ. get a ~ into a (ãËãËÏáõÙ ¿). ~ one’s head against ·ÉáõËÁ ÙÇ
person ÷Ëμ. ÃÇÏáõÝùÇÝ ¹³Ý³Ï Ëñ»É. have μ³ÝÇÝ Ë÷»É. (ç³ñ¹»É) ~ to pieces ç³ñ¹áõ-
a ~ into smn Ù»ÏÇ ¹»Ù ³ï³Ù áõݻݳÉ: ÷ßáõñ ³Ý»É. (Ë÷»É, ٻ˻É) ~ home ³Ùáõñ
knife-edge [΄naifedз] n ¹³Ý³ÏÇ μ»ñ³Ý. ٻ˻É. ~ the price down ·ÇÝÝ Çç»óÝ»É. The
ß»Õμ: news ~ed me flat ÈáõñÁ ÇÝÓ å³ñ½³å»ë
knife-grinder [΄naif‚graində] n ¹³Ý³Ï ßßÙ»óñ»ó. ~ the bottom out of the argument
ëñáÕ (³ÝÓ). ëñáó³Ûï (·áñÍÇù): ÅËï»É ÷³ëï³ñÏÝ»ñÁ. ~ about ó÷³é»É.
knife-switch [΄naifswit∫] n ¿É. μéݳϳíáñ ~ the world ³ß˳ñÑáí Ù»Ï Ã³÷³é»É. ~
³Ýç³ïÇã: things about the room Çñ»ñÁ ó÷Ã÷»É ë»Ý-
knight [nait] n åïÙ. ³ëå»ï. ²Ý·ÉdzÛáõÙ Û³ÏáõÙ. ~ down ·»ïÇÝ ·ó»É, ·»ïÝáí ï³É. ~
μ³ñÓñ³·áõÛÝ ßù³Ýß³ÝÝ»ñÇó Ù»ÏÇ ³ë- down the house ïáõÝÁ ù³Ý¹»É. ~ into smn’s
å»ï. ß³ËÙ³ïÇ ÓÇ: head Ù»ÏÇ ·ÉáõËÁ ÙïóÝ»É. ~ off ³ñ³· ·áñ-
knight-errant [‚nait΄erənt] n ó÷³é³- ÍÁ í»ñç³óÝ»É. They ~ed off early Üñ³Ýù ³ß-
ßñçÇÏ ³ëå»ï. ÷Ëμ. ¹áÝùÇßáï. ˳ï³ÝùÁ ßáõï ³í³ñï»óÇÝ. ~ out ¹áõñë
knightly [΄naitli] 1. a ³ëå»ï³Ï³Ý. 2. adv ·ó»É/Ë÷»É. ~ the nonsense out of smn ÑÇÙ³-
³ëå»ïáñ»Ý, ³ëå»ï³μ³ñ: ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ·ÉËÇó ¹áõñë Ý»ï»É. Ùñ½. Ýá-
knit [nit] v ·áñÍ»É. ÑÛáõë»É. ~ a jumper ç»Ùμñ ϳáõï ³Ý»É ~ out by the blow ѳñí³ÍÇó
·áñÍ»É. The bone has ~ted together well àëÏá- áõßùÁ Ïáñóñ»ó. ~ together ѳå×»åáñ»Ý
ñÁ ɳí Ïå»É ¿/ë»ñï³×»É ¿. ~ up ËáÅáé»É, ë³ñù»É, Çñ³ñ μ»ñ»É. ~ up ³ñÃݳóÝ»É. We
ÏÇï»É. ~ up one’s brows ÷Ëμ. ÑáÝù»ñÁ ÏÇ- had to ~ the doctor up êïÇåí³Í ¿ÇÝù μÅßÏÇÝ
ï»É: ³ñÃݳóÝ»É. ~ up points Ùñ½. Ùdzíáñ ѳí³-
knitted [΄nitid] a ·áñͳÍ, ïñÇÏáï³Å³- ù»É. He was ~ed up for three weeks ܳ »ñ»ù
ÛÇÝ: ß³μ³Ã ÑÇí³Ý¹ å³éÏ»ó:
knitter [΄nitə] n (³ÝÓ) ·áñÍáÕ, ÑÛáõëáÕ. knockabout [΄nɒkəbaut] a óïñ. ÏáåÇï
(ë³ñù) ïñÇÏáï³Å³ÛÇÝ/·áñÍ»Éáõ Ù»ù»- ½³í»ßï³Ë³Õ. ~ comedy ý³ñë, Ë»Õ-
ݳ: ϳï³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ clothes ³éûñÛ³ ѳ-
knitting [΄nitiŋ] n ·áñÍí³Íù, ·áñÍ³Í μ³Ý. ·áõëï:
Whose ~ is this ? à±í ¿ ë³ ·áñÍ»É: knockdown [΄nɒkdaun] a ó³Íñ³·áõÛÝ,
knitting-needle [΄nitiŋ‚ni:dl] n ·áñÍ»Éáõ/ Ýí³½³·áõÛÝ. sell at ~ prices Ýí³½³·áõÛÝ
ÑÛáõë»Éáõ ׳Õ/ßÛáõÕ: ·Ýáí í³×³é»É:
knit-work [΄nitwə:k] n ·áñÍí³Í μ³Ý, ïñÇ- knocker [΄nɒkə] n ¹é³Ý óÏ. up to the ~
Ïáï³Å»Õ»Ý: ÷Ëμ. μáÉáñáíÇÝ Ýáñ, Ýáñ³Ó¨:
knob [nɒb] n ·Ý¹³Ó¨ μéݳÏ. Ïá×³Ï (½³Ý·Ç knocking [΄nɒkiŋ] n óÏáó:
¨ ³ÛÉÝ). ·³í³½³Ý³·ÉËÇÏ. The ~ doesn’t knockout [΄nɒkaut] n Ùñ½. Ëáñï³ÏÇã ѳñ-
work ²Ûë Ïá׳ÏÁ ãÇ ³ß˳ïáõÙ. (Ïïáñ) a ~ í³Í, Ýáϳáõï. ~ competition ÁÝïñáÕ Ùñóáõ-
of butter ϳñ³·Ç ÙÇ Ïïáñ: ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ:
knoll 463 knuckle-duster

knoll [nəul] n μÉñ³Ï, ÃÙμÇÏ: ·Çï³Ï, ÑÙáõï. a ~ fellow ׳ñåÇÏ ïÕ³. a ~


knot [nɒt] n ѳݷáõÛó, ϳå. a ~ in a thread/ look μ³½Ù³Ýß³Ý³Ï Ñ³Û³óù:
rope ûÉÇ/å³ñ³ÝÇ Ï³å. tie/untie a ~ ϳå»É/ knowingly [΄nəuiŋli] adv ·Çï³Ïó³μ³ñ,
μ³ó»É ѳݷáõÛóÁ. cut the ~ ѳݷáõÛóÁ ·Çï³Ïóáñ»Ý:
Ïïñ»É. ÷Ëμ. Ùdzݷ³ÙÇó ѳñóÁ ÉáõÍ»É. knowledge [΄nɒlidз] n ·Çï»ÉÇù, ÇÙ³óáõ-
Gordian ~ ¶áñ¹Û³Ý ѳݷáõÛó, Íáí³Ñ³Ý- ÃÛáõÝ, Çñ³½»ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. basic ~ ï³ññ³Ï³Ý
·áõÛó (1.853 Ù). The vessel does twenty ~s an ·Çï»ÉÇùÝ»ñ. a good ~ of ɳí ÇÙ³óáõÃÛáõÝ.
hour ܳíÁ ß³ñÅíáõÙ ¿ ųÙáõÙ ùë³Ý ѳÝ- lack of ~ ·Çï»ÉÇùÇ å³Ï³ë. firsthand ~
·áõÛó ³ñ³·áõÃÛ³Ùμ. a ~ of boys ËëÏó., ëϽμݳÕμÛáõñÇó ÇٳݳÉ. ~ and skills ·Çï»-
÷Ëμ. ÙÇ ËáõÙμ ïճݻñ. get tied up in ~s ÉÇùÝ»ñ ¨ ÑÙïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. common ~ ѳÝñ³-
μ³é»ñÇ Ù»ç Ë××í»É: ѳÛï μ³Ý. sound ~ ϳÛáõÝ ·Çï»ÉÇùÝ»ñ.
knot [nɒt] v ѳݷáõÛóáí ϳå»É, ѳݷáõÛó branches of ~ ·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý ×ÛáõÕ»ñ. come to
³Ý»É: one’s ~ (Ù»ÏÇÝ ) ѳÛïÝÇ ¹³éݳÉ. to my/to the
knotty [΄nɒti] a ѳݷáõó³íáñ. ÷Ëμ. best of my ~ áñù³Ýáí ÇÝÓ Ñ³ÛïÝÇ ¿. without
Ë××í³Í. áëï³ß³ï. ~ question ÏÝ×éáï my ~ ³é³Ýó ÇÙ ·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ based
ѳñó. a ~ problem μ³ñ¹ åñáμÉ»Ù: ·Çï»ÉÇùÝ»ñÇ íñ³ ÑÇÙÝí³Í. ~ acquisition
know [nəu] v ·Çï»Ý³É, ÇٳݳÉ. Let me ~ ·Çï»ÉÇùÝ»ñÇ Ñ³í³ùáõÙ. ~ engineering ÇÝ-
ÆÝÓ ÇÙ³ó ³ñ»ù. ~ for sure/from experience ï»É»Ïïáõ³É ³å³ÑáíÙ³Ý Ùß³ÏáõÙ. ~ pro-
ѳëï³ï ÇٳݳÉ. Ï»Ýë³÷áñÓÇó ÇٳݳÉ. cessing ·Çï»ÉÇùÝ»ñÇ Ùß³ÏáõÙ ~ share system
~ one’s job/place Çñ ·áñÍÁ/ï»ÕÝ ÇٳݳÉ. ~ ·Çï»ÉÇùÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ï»Õ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý
one’s own mind ÇÙ³Ý³É ÇÝã ¿ áõ½áõÙ. ~ what’s ѳٳϳñ·:
what ÇÙ³Ý³É ÇÝãÝ ÇÝãáó ¿. How should I ~? knowledgeable [΄nɒlidзəbl] a ɳí³ï»Õ-
àñï»ÕDZó ÇٳݳÙ. as far as I ~ áñù³Ýáí Û³Ï, ˻ɳóÇ, μ³ÝÇÙ³ó. be ~ about cars Ù»-
ÇÝÓ Ñ³ÛïÝÇ ¿. for all I ~ ÇÝãù³Ýáí ÇÝÓ ù»Ý³Ý»ñÇó ɳí ѳëϳݳÉ:
ѳÛïÝÇ ¿. Goodness ~s! ²ëïí³Í ·ÇïÇ. known [nəun] a ѳÛïÝÇ. ~ facts ѳÛïÝÇ
What do you ~! ËëÏó. ØdzÛÝ å³ïÏ»- ÷³ëï»ñ. It became ~ ... гÛïÝÇ ¹³ñÓ³í.
ñ³óñáõ. I wouldn’t ~ him from Adam ËëÏó. He is ~ for. ... ܳ ѳÛïÝÇ ¿... ~ to the police
ºë Ýñ³Ý »ñμ»ù ã»Ù ï»ë»É. (ͳÝáà ÉÇÝ»É, áëïÇϳÝáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ѳÛïÝÇ. make oneself ~
׳ݳã»É) get to ~ smb ͳÝáÃ³Ý³É áñ¨¿ Ý»ñÏ³Û³Ý³É (Çñ»Ý Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É). make
Ù»ÏÇ Ñ»ï. He ~s about wine ܳ ·ÇÝáõó ɳí one’s views ~ Çñ ѳ۳óùÝ»ñÝ ³ñï³Ñ³Û-
¿ ѳëϳÝáõÙ: ï»É:
know-all [΄nəuɔ:l] n ³ñÑÙñ. ³Ù»Ý³·»ï, know-nothing [΄nəu‚nΛθiŋ] n ï·»ï/³Ýáõë
³Ù»Ý³·Çï³Ï: Ù³ñ¹:
knowhow [΄nəuhau] n ·áñÍÇÙ³óáõÃÛáõÝ, knuckle [΄nΛkl]1. n ϽÙË. Ù³ïÇ Ñá¹, Ù³ï-
÷áñÓ³éáõÃÛáõÝ, ÑÙïáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ information ÝáëÏñ. rap smb over the ~s ÷Ëμ. Ù»ÏÇÝ ËÇëï
ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛáõÝ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ·³Õï- ѳݹÇٳݻÉ. 2. v Ù³ïÝáëÏñÝ»ñáí Ë÷»É.
ÝÇùÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ: technical ~ ï»ËÝÇϳÛÇ ~ down/under ½Çç»É, »ÝóñÏí»É:
ÇÙ³óáõÃÛáõÝ: knuckle-bone [΄nΛklbəun] n í»·, ׳Ý:
knowing [΄nəuiŋ]1. n ÇÙ³óáõÙ, ѳëϳóáõÙ. knuckle-duster [΄nΛkl‚dΛstə] n μéÝóù³-
There is no ~ ¸Åí³ñ ¿ ³ë»É. â·Çï»ë. He is ½»Ýù, ϳëï»ï:
worth ~ Üñ³ Ñ»ï ³ñÅ» ͳÝáóݳÉ. 2. a
464

L
L, l [el] n ³Ý·É»ñ»Ý ³Ûμáõμ»ÝÇ12-ñ¹ ï³éÁ: Ù³ÝÏ³Ï³Ý ³ß˳ï³Ýù. casual ~ ųٳݳ-
la [la:] n »ñÅß. ’ÉÛ³’ Ó³ÛݳÝÇß: ϳíáñ ³ß˳ï³Ýù. cheap ~ ¿Å³Ý ³ß˳-
lab [læb] ï»°ë laboratory: ï³Ýù. forced ~ ѳñϳ¹Çñ ³ß˳ï³Ýù. ~
label [΄leibl] n åÇï³Ï, ³åñ³Ýù³ÝÇß. lug- dispute/conflict ³ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ í»×. ~ law
gage ~ áõÕ»μ»éÇ (ѳßí»)åÇï³Ï. goods ~ ³ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ Çñ³íáõÝù. get 5 years hard
³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ ³ÝáõÝÝ»ñáí åÇï³ÏÝ»ñ. ~ ÑÇÝ· ï³ñÇ Ñ³ñϳ¹Çññ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ
price ~ ·Ý³óáõó³Ï. name ~ ³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý åÇ- ¹³ï³å³ñï»É. (³ß˳ïáõÅ) short of ~
ï³Ï/³Ýí³Ý³ÝÇß. ÑÙÏñ·. ÝßÇã. ~ area ³ß˳ïáõÅÇ å³Ï³ë. skilled/unskilled ~
ÝßÇãÝ»ñÇ ïÇñáõÛÃ. ~ block ÝßÇãÇ μÉáÏ. ~ áñ³ÏÛ³É/³Ýáñ³Ï ³ß˳ï³Ýù. ~ demand
name ÝßÇãÇ ³ÝáõÝ, ÝßÇã. ~ type ÝßÇãÇ/åÇ- ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ å³Ñ³Ýç. ministry of ~ ³ß˳-
ï³ÏÇ ïÇå: ï³ÝùÇ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ shortage ³ß-
label [΄leibl] v åÇï³Ï³íáñ»É, ³åñ³Ýù³- ˳ïáõÅÇ å³Ï³ë. ~ movement μ³Ýíáñ³-
ÝÇß ÏåóÝ»É. The bottle is ~led ÞÇßÁ åÇï³- Ï³Ý ß³ñÅáõÙ. ~ party É»ÛμáñÇëï³Ï³Ý Ïáõ-
ϳíáñí³Í ¿ The boy was ~led as lazy bones ë³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ union ³ñÑÙÇáõÃÛáõÝ. interna-
îÕ³Ý ’ÍáõÛÉÇ’ åÇï³Ï³íáñáõÙ ¿ ëï³ó»É£ tional ~ organization ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ ÙÇç³½-
labelled [΄leibld] a ÑÙÏñ·. Ýßí³Í ~ common ·³ÛÇÝ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝ. (ÍÝݹ³μ»ñ-
Ýßí³Í ÁݹѳÝáõñ μÉáÏ. ~ file Ýßí³Í/ÝßáõÙ- áõÃÛáõÝ) be in ~s ÍÝݹ³μ»ñ»É. have a difficult
Ý»ñáí ý³ÛÉ. ~ key Ýßí³Í ëï»ÕÝ: ~ ͳÝñ/¹Åí³ñ ÍÝݹ³μ»ñ»É. ~ pains/ con-
labial [΄leibiəl] n, a ÑÝã. ßñÃݳÛÇÝ ÑÝãÛáõÝ. tractions ÍÝݹ³μ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ó³í»ñ. ~ ward
ßñÃݳÛÇÝ: ÍÝݹ³μ»ñ³Ï³Ý ÑÇí³Ý¹³ë»ÝÛ³Ï. reap the
labialization [‚leibiəlai΄zei∫n] n ßñÃݳÛݳ- fruits of one’s ~ ÷Ëμ. ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ åïáõÕ-
óáõÙ: Ý»ñÁ í³Û»É»É:
laboratory [lə΄bɒrətəri]1. n (Ïñ×. lab) ɳμá- labour [΄leibə] v ³ß˳ï»É, ç³Ý³É, ×Ç· ó-
ñ³ïáñdz. chemical/research ~ ùÇÙdzϳÝ/ ÷»É. ~ under considerable difficulties μ³í³-
ѻﳽáï³Ï³Ý ɳμáñ³ïáñdz. reference ~ Ï³Ý Í³Ýñ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ ³ß˳ï»É. ~
ëïáõ·Çã ɳμáñ³ïáñdz. medical analysis ~ under a delusion ÙáÉáñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É,
μÅßÏ³Ï³Ý ³Ý³ÉǽݻñÇ É³μáñ³ïáñdz. ë˳Éí»É:
up-to-day equipped ~ ųٳݳϳÏÇó ë³ñ- laboured [΄leibəd] a ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ. ~ brea-
ù³íáñáõÙÝ»ñáí ɳμáñ³ïáñdz. head of the thing ͳÝñ/¹Åí³ñ ßÝã³éáõÃÛáõÝ:
~ ɳμáñ³ïáñdzÛÇ Õ»Ï³í³ñ. 2. a ɳμáñ³- labourer [΄leibərə] n μ³Ýíáñ (áã áñ³ÏÛ³É).
ïáñ³ÛÇÝ. ~ analysis/routine ɳμáñ³ïáñ³ÛÇÝ ë¨³·áñÍ μ³Ýíáñ. farm ~ ·ÛáõÕ³ïÝï»ë³-
³Ý³Éǽ/åñ³ÏïÇϳ: Ï³Ý μ³Ýíáñ:
laborious [lə΄bɔ:riəs] a ¹Åí³ñ, ¹Åí³ñ. ³ß- labour-market [΄leibə‚ma:kit] n ³ß˳-
˳ï³ï³ñ.³ß˳ï³ë»ñ. Compiling a dic- ï³ÝùÇ ßáõϳ:
tionary is a ~ work ´³é³ñ³Ý ϳ½Ù»ÉÁ ³ß- labour-saving [΄leibə‚seiviŋ] a ³ß˳ï³Ýù
˳ï³ï³ñ ·áñÍ ¿. ~ person ³ß˳ï³ë»ñ ïÝï»ëáÕ:
Ù³ñ¹. ~ style of writing μéݳ½μáëÇÏ á×: lace [leis] n ųÝÛ³Ï, μ³ñ³Ï »ñǽ. ÷Ëμ.
labour [΄leibə] n ³ß˳ï³Ýù. physical/man- á·»ÉÇó ËÙÇãùáí ëáõñ×. trimmed with ~ ųÝ-
ual/mental ~ ýǽÇϳϳÝ/Ó»éùÇ/Ùï³íáñ ۳ϳå³ï. ÏáßϳùáõÕ:
³ß˳ï³Ýù. surplus ~ ѳí»ÉÛ³É ³ß˳- lace [leis] v ųÝÛ³Ïáí ½³ñ¹³ñ»É, »ñǽ³-
ï³Ýù. ~ of love ѳ×áõÛùáí ϳï³ñíáÕ ³ß- åݹ»É. ~ the shoe ÏáßÇÏÁ ùáõÕ³åݹ»É. ~
˳ï³Ýù. ~ productivity ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ ³ñ- coffee with brandy ëáõñ×Ç Ù»ç ÏáÝÛ³Ï ÉóÝ»É:
ï³¹ñáճϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ. lost ~ ³å³ñ¹ÛáõÝ lacerate [΄læsəreit] v å³ï³éáï»É, Ïïáñ-
ç³Ýù»ñ. juvenile/child ~ ³Ýã³÷³Ñ³ëÝ»ñÇ/ Ïïáñ ³Ý»É. μ½Ïï»É. ~ feelings ½·³óÙáõÝù-
Ý»ñÁ ˻չ»É:
lachrymal 465 laggard

lachrymal [΄lækriməl] a ³ñï³ëáõùÇ, ³ñ- íÇ Ù³ëÇÝ). dishes ~ with fruits Ùñ·áí ÉÇùÁ
ï³ëí³ÉÇó: ëÏáõï»ÕÝ»ñ. a tree ~ with apples ËÝÓáñÝ»ñÇ
lachrymose [΄lækriməus] a ɳóϳÝ, ɳÉ- ͳÝñáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï Ïùí³Í ͳé:
ϳÝ: lading [΄leidiŋ] n μ³ñÓáõÙ, μ»é. ÷á˳¹ñ³-
lack [læk] n å³Ï³ë, å³Ï³ëáõÃÛáõÝ. μ³ó³- μ»é (ݳíáí). bill of ~ μ»éݳ·Çñ:
ϳÛáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ of information/experience/will ladle [΄leidl] n ß»ñ»÷. soup ~ ³ñ·³Ý³ÏÇ ß»-
ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛ³Ý/÷áñÓÇ/ϳÙùÇ áõÅÇ μ³- ñ»÷:
ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ of care ËݳÙùÇ å³Ï³ë. ladle [΄leidl] v ß»ñ»÷áí ѳݻÉ/ÉóÝ»É. ~ (out)
for ~ of μ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý/å³Ï³ëÇ å³ï׳- the soup into plates ³ñ·³Ý³ÏÁ ³÷ë»Ý»ñÇ
éáí. ~ of means ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ å³Ï³ëáõÃÛáõÝ. Ù»ç ÉóÝ»É:
for ~ of money ÷áÕ ãáõݻݳÉáõ ѻ勉Ýùáí. lad/y [΄leidi] n ïÇÏÇÝ, ïÇñáõÑÇ, É»¹Ç. an old
~ of common sense ³éáÕç μ³Ý³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ~ ï³ñÇùáí/ѳë³Ïáí ÏÇÝ. ~ies’ fashions
å³Ï³ë: ϳݳóÇ Ýáñ³Ó¨áõÃÛáõÝ. ~ doctor μÅßÏáõÑÇ.
lack [læk] v å³Ï³ëáõÃÛáõÝ ½·³É, ϳñÇù the ~ of the house ï³ÝïÇñáõÑÇ. (¹ÇÙ»ÉÇë)
áõݻݳÉ, ãμ³í³ñ³ñ»É. ~ time ųٳݳÏÁ my ~ ïÇÏÇÝ. my dear ~ ïÇÏÇÝ. good ~ ïÇ-
ãμ³í³ñ³ñ»É. ~ will power ϳÙùÇ áõÅÇ μ³- ÏÇÝ. ~ies and gentlemen ïÇÏݳÛù ¨ å³ñá-
ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ in confidence ÇÝùݳíëï³- ݳÛù. ~ies first Ý³Ë Ï³Ý³Ûù. (ïÇïÕáë) É»-
ÑáõÃÛ³Ý μ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ: ¹Ç. First L~ ³Ù. ²é³çÇÝ ïÇÏÇÝÁ,
lackey [΄læki] n, v ëå³ë³íáñ, ɳϻÛ. ɳϻ- ݳ˳·³ÑÇ, åñ»½Ç¹»ÝïÇ ÏÇÝÁ:
ÛáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É, ùÍÝ»É: lady-bird [΄leidibə:d] n ϻݹ. ½³ïÇÏ
lackland [΄læklænd] a ³ÝÑáÕ, ÑáÕ³½áõñÏ: (ݳ¨ lady-bug)£
lack-lustre [΄læk‚lΛstə] a ³Ý÷³ÛÉ, ³Õáï lady-help [΄leidihelp] n ïÝï»ëáõÑÇ, ï³Ý
(ѳ۳óù): û·Ý³Ï³Ý:
laconic [lə΄kɒnik] a ѳÏÇñ×, ɳÏáÝÇÏ: lady-in-waiting [‚leidiin΄weitiŋ] n å³É³-
lacquer [΄lækə] n ɳù, áÕáñϳɳù: ï³Ï³Ý, ³½Ýí³Ï³Ý ÏÇÝ:
lacquer [΄lækə] v ɳù ùë»É, ɳù»É. ~ one’s lady-killer [΄leidi‚kilə] n ϳݳÝó ëñï»ñÁ
nails »ÕáõÝ·Ý»ñÇÝ É³ù ùë»É: Ýí³×áÕ ïÕ³Ù³ñ¹:
lactation [læk΄tei∫n] n ϳÃݳÃáñáõÙ, ϳÃ- ladylike [΄leidilaik] a μ³ñ»Ó¨, í³Û»Éã³·»Õ,
ݳñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ: ÏÇñÃ. (ïÕ³Ù³ñ¹áõ Ù³ëÇÝ) ÏݳÝÙ³Ý, Ïݳ-
lactiferous [læk΄tifərəs] a ϳÃݳÑÛáõà ³ñ- Ï»ñå:
ï³¹ñáÕ: lady-love [΄leidilΛv] n ëÇñáõÑÇ:
lactose [΄læktəus] n ùÇÙ. ϳÃݳ߳ù³ñ: ladyship [΄leidi∫ip] n É»¹ÇÇ ïÇïÕáëÁ/Ïáãáõ-
lacuna [lə΄kju:nə] n μ³ó, μ³ó ÃáÕ³Í ï»Õ ÙÁ. her/your ~ ÝáñÇÝ/Ó»ñ¹ ³½Ýí³÷³ÛÉáõ-
ϽÙË. Ëáéáã, ÷áëÇÏ: ÃÛáõÝ:
lacy [΄leisi] a ųÝ۳ϳÝÙ³Ý, ųÝ۳ϳӨ. lag I [læg] n áõß³óáõÙ, ѳå³íáõÙ, Ñ»ï
ó³Ýó³ÝÙ³Ý: ÙݳÉÁ. time ~ ųٳݳÏÇó Ñ»ï ÁÝÏÝ»ÉÁ:
lad [læd] n ËëÏó. ïÕ³, å³ï³ÝÇ, ç³Ñ»É lag II [læg] n (ݳ¨ old ~) ѳÝó³·áñÍ:
ïÕ³. He’s a good ~ ȳí ïÕ³ ¿. Come on, ~s lag I [læg] v Ñ»ï ÙݳÉ/ÁÝÏÝ»É. áõ߳ݳÉ,
Let’s go! ËëÏó. ¸» ïÕ»ñù, ·Ý³óÇÝù: ù³ñß ·³É. (ݳ¨ ~ behind). The children ~ged
ladder [΄lædə] n ë³Ý¹áõÕù, Ó»éݳë³Ý- behind ºñ»Ë³Ý»ñÁ Ñ»ï¨Çó ¿ÇÝ ù³ñß
¹áõÕù. folding/rope ~ ͳÉáíÇ/å³ñ³Ý³ë³Ý- ·³ÉÇë. He ~s behind of the class ܳ
¹áõÕù: ¹³ë³ñ³ÝáõÙ ³Ù»Ý³Ñ»ï³ÙݳóÝ ¿:
ladder [΄lædə] v ·áõÉå³ÛÇ Ñ³ïÁ ÇçÝ»É. lag II [læg] v ç»ñٳٻÏáõëÇã ÝÛáõûñáí å³-
Nylon tights ~ easily Ü»ÛÉáÝÇ ½áõ·³·áõÉå³- ï»É. ~ pipes ËáÕáí³ÏÝ»ñÁ ç»ñٳٻÏáõëÇã
Ý»ñÁ ßáõï »Ý å³ïéíáõÙ: ÝÛáõûñáí å³ï»É:
ladderproof [΄lædəpru:f] a ѳï»ñÁ ãÇç- lager (beer) [΄la:gə (biə)] n ûè ·³ñ»çáõñ:
ÝáÕ. ~ tights ѳï»ñÁ ãÇçÝáÕ ½áõ·³·áõÉå³: laggard [΄lægəd]1. n ¹³Ý¹³ÕÏáï/ͳÝñ³-
lade [leid]1.v μ»éÝ»É, μ³ñÓ»É. 2. a ÉÇ, ×áË: ß³ñÅ/ÍáõÛÉ Ù³ñ¹. 2. a ¹³Ý¹³ÕÏáï, ¹³Ý-
laden [΄leidn] a μ»éÝí³Í, μ³ñÓ³Í (ݳ¨ ݳ- ¹³Õ³ß³ñÅ, ͳÝñ³ß³ñÅ:
lagging 466 land

lagging [΄lægiŋ] n ç»ñٳٻÏáõë³óáõÙ, ÉÇ. ïËáõñ. áÕáñÙ»ÉÇ, ËÕ×áõÏ. The house was
ç»ñٳٻÏáõëÇã: in a ~ state îáõÝÁ ËÕ×áõÏ íÇ׳ÏáõÙ ¿ñ:
lagoon [lə΄gu:n] n Íáí³Íáó, Íáí³É׳Ï. lamentation [‚læmen΄tei∫n] ɳó, áÕμ,
(ݳ¨ lagune): ïñïáõÝç:
laic [΄leiik] n, a ³ß˳ñÑÇÏ Ù³ñ¹. ³ß˳ñ- laminate [΄læmineit] v (Ù»ï³ÕÛ³) μ³ñ³Ï
ѳϳÝ. ³ß˳ñÑÇÏ: ûñÃÇÏÝ»ñáí å³ï»É:
laid(up) [leid (Λp)] a ѳí³ù³Í, Ïáõï³- laminated [΄læmineitid] a ûñóíáñ, ß»ñ-
ϳÍ, ¹Ç½³Í: ï³íáñ. ~ glass ß»ñï³íáñ ³å³ÏÇ. ~ wood
lair [leə] n áñç, μáõÛÝ. ÷Ëμ. ÷³ñ³Ë: ý³Ý»ñ³:
laird [leəd] n ϳÉí³Í³ï»ñ (Þáïɳݹdz- lamination [‚læmi΄nei∫n] n ß»ñï³íáñáõÙ,
ÛáõÙ): ß»ñï³ïáõÙ, ·É³ÝáõÙ:
lake [leik] n ÉÇ×. on the shore/bank of the ~ É×Ç lamp [læmp] n ɳÙå, ɳåï»ñ, ç³Ñ. desk,
³÷ÇÝ. go boating on the ~ ݳí³Ïáí ½μáëÝ»É table/electric ~ ë»Õ³ÝÇ/¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³Ý ɳÙå.
É×áõÙ. ~ country/land/district É×»ñÇ »ñÏÇñ in the light of the ~ ɳÙåÇ ÉáõÛëÇ ï³Ï. red ~
(²Ý·ÉdzÛÇ ÑÛáõëÇëáõÙ): ϳñÙÇñ ÉáõÛë (ݳ¨ ÷Ëμ.). street ~ (÷nÕáóÇ)
laky [΄leiki] a É׳ÛÇÝ, É׳߳ï: ɳåï»ñ:
lam [læm] v sl ËëÏó. ͻͻÉ, óϻÉ: lamp-burner [΄læmp‚bə:nə] n ɳÙåÇ
lama I [΄la:mə] n ɳٳ (μáõ¹¹³Û³Ï³Ý ù³- í³éÇã:
ѳݳ): lamp-chimney [΄læmp‚t∫imni] n ɳÙåÇ
lama II [΄la:mə] n ϻݹ. ɳٳ, áõÕï³ÛÍ: ³å³ÏÇ:
lamb [læm] n ·³é, ·³éÝáõÏ. ·³é³Ý ÙÇë. a lamp-holder [΄læmp‚həuldə] n ɳÙå³Ï³É£
leg of ~ ·³é³Ý μáõ¹. ÷Ëμ. Ñ»½ Ù³ñ¹. like a lamp-lighter [΄læmp‚laitə] n ɳåï»ñ³-
~ Ñݳ½³Ý¹áñ»Ý. mutton dressed as a ~ (ÏÝáç í³é:
Ù³ëÇÝ) ç³Ñ»ÉÇ ÝÙ³Ý ½³ñ¹³ñí»É: lampoon [læm΄pu:n] n ÏÍáõ »ñ·ÇͳÝù.
lambency [΄læmbənsi] n ÷³ÛÉ, ßáÕ. ÷³Û- å³ñë³í³·Çñ. å³ÙýÉ»ï:
É»ÉÁ: lampooner [læm΄pu:nə] n å³ñë³í³·ñ»ñ
lambent [΄læmbənt] a ³éϳÛÍáÕ, Éáõë³íáñ, ÑáñÇÝáÕ:
Éáõë³ßáÕ: lamp-post [΄læmppəust] n ɳåï»ñ³ëÛáõÝ:
lambkin [΄læmkin] a ·³éÝáõÏ: lamp-shade [΄læmp∫eid] n Éáõë³Ù÷á÷:
lamblike [΄læmlaik] a Ñ»½, ÑÉáõ. ÙdzÙÇï: lamp-socket [΄læmp‚sɔkit] (¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³Ý
lambskin [΄læmskin] n ·³é³Ý ÙáñÃÇ£ ɳÙåÇ) Ïáóé:
lame [leim] a ϳÕ, ѳßٳݹ³Ù. a ~ man Ï³Õ lance [la:ns] 1.n Ýǽ³Ï, ï»·. μÅßÏ. Ýßï³ñ.
Ù³ñ¹. ~ in the left leg Ó³Ë áïùáí ϳճÉ. break a ~ íÇ×»É. 2.v Ýǽ³Ïáí Ëáó»É,
÷Ëμ. ³ÝѳÙá½Çã, ³Ýμ³í³ñ³ñ. ~ argu- Ýßï³ñáí Ïïñ»É. ~ a boil óñ³Ë³å³É³ñÁ
ment/excuse ³ÝѳÙá½Çã ÷³ëï³ñÏ. ÃáõÛÉ/ Ïïñ»É/Í³Ï»É (Ýßï³ñáí):
³ÝѳçáÕ å³ïñí³Ï: lance-corporal [‚la:ns΄kɔ:prəl] n é½Ù. »ý-
lame [leim] v ѳßÙ»É, ѳßٳݹ³Ù ¹³ñÓÝ»É. ñ»Ûïáñ:
He was ~d during the war гßٳݹ³Ù ¿ ¹³ñ- lancer [΄la:nsə] n é½Ù. áõɳÝ. ËëÏó. íñÇ-
Ó»É å³ï»ñ³½ÙÇ ÁÝóóùáõÙ: åáõÙ:
lameness [΄leimnəs] n ϳÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳß- lance-sergeant [‚la:ns΄sa:dзənt] n Ïñïë»ñ
ٳݹ³ÙáõÃÛáõÝ: »Ýóëå³:
lament [lə΄ment] n ѳé³ã³Ýù, ·³Ý·³ï. lancet [΄la:nsit] n Ýßï³ñ:
»Õ»ñ»ñ·, »Õ»ñ»ñ·áõÃÛáõÝ: lancinating [΄la:nsineitiŋ] a ëáõñ/ͳÏáÕ
lament [lə΄ment] v ·³Ý·³ïí»É, ïñïÝç³É. ó³í:
áÕμ³É, ë·³É. ~ the good old days ϳñáï»É land [lænd] n »ñÏÇñ, ó³Ù³ù, ÑáÕ. arable ~
ÑÇÝ, μ³ñÇ ûñ»ñÇÝ. ~ over ·³Ý·³ïí»É. ~ í³ñ»É³ÑáÕ. fertile/rich/cultivated/barren ~
over misfortunes ·³Ý·³ïí»É ³ÝѳçáÕáõ- μ»ññÇ/ѳñáõëï/Ùß³Ïí³Í/³Ýμ»ññÇ ÑáÕ.
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó: plot/ patch of ~ ÷áùñ ÑáÕ³Ïïáñ. work on the
lamentable [΄læməntəbl] a ó³í³ÉÇ, áÕμ³- ~ ÑáÕÇ íñ³ ³ß˳ï»É. (ÑáÕ³ÛÇÝ) ~ re-
land 467 lane

form/rent ÑáÕ³ÛÇÝ é»ýáñÙ/é»Ýï³. ~ law í³Ûñ¿çùÇ Ññ³å³ñ³Ï:


Çñ³í. ÑáÕ³ÛÇÝ Çñ³íáõÝù. ~ register ÑáÕ³- land-jobber [΄lænd‚dзɒbə] n ÑáÕÇ ëå»Ïáõ-
Ù³ïÛ³Ý. (ó³Ù³ù) on ~ and sea ÍáíÇ ¨ ó³- ÉÛ³ódzÛáí ½μ³ÕíáÕ Ù³ñ¹:
Ù³ùÇ íñ³. be on dry ~ again ÝáñÇó ó³Ù³ùÇ landlady [΄lændleidi] n ϳÉí³Í³ïÇñáõÑÇ.
íñ³ ÉÇÝ»É. travel by ~ ó³Ù³ùáí ׳Ù- ÑÛáõñ³ÝáóÇ/å³ÝëÇáÝÇ ïÇñáõÑÇ. ï³ÝïÇ-
÷áñ¹»É. ~ forces é½Ù. ó³Ù³ù³ÛÇÝ áõÅ»ñ. ñáõÑÇ:
sight ~ ó³Ù³ù/³÷Á/ÑáÕÁ ï»ëÝ»É. reach ~ land-law [΄lændlɔ:] n ûñ»Ýù ÑáÕ³ÛÇÝ ë»-
³÷ ѳëÝ»É. no man’s ~ áã Ù»ÏÇÝ ãå³ï- ÷³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇÝ:
ϳÝáÕ ÑáÕ. undeveloped ~ ³ÝÙß³Ï ÑáÕ, landless [΄lændləs] a ÑáÕ³½áõñÏ:
Ëáå³Ý. a ~ breeze Íáí³÷ÝÛ³ ù³ÙÇ. (»ñ- land-locked [΄lændlɒkt] a ó³Ù³ùáí ßñç³-
ÏÇñ) native ~ ѳÛñ»ÝÇù, ѳÛñ»ÝÇ »ñÏÇñ. in å³ïí³Í, ÷³Ï (ݳí³Ñ³Ý·Çëï):
all ~s μáÉáñ »ñÏñÝ»ñáõÙ. customs of different landlord [΄lændlɔ:d] n Ëáßáñ ÑáÕ³ï»ñ.
~s ï³ñμ»ñ »ñÏñÝ»ñÇ ëáíáñáõÛÃÝ»ñ. ~ of ³Ýß³ñÅ ·áõÛùÇ ë»÷³Ï³Ý³ï»ñ. ÑÛáõñ³Ýá-
cakes Þáïɳݹdz. ~ of promise ³ëïíÍß. óÇ/å³ÝëÇáÝÇ ï»ñ. The street is owned by one
²í»ïÛ³ó »ñÏÇñ. ~ of the dreams »ñ³½Ý»ñÇ ~ öáÕáóÁ å³ïϳÝáõÙ ¿ Ù»Ï ë»÷³Ï³Ý³-
»ñÏÇñ. (ï»Õ³ÛÝù) forest ~ ³Ýï³é³ÛÇÝ ï»- ïÇñáç:
Õ³ÛÝù. arid ~s ãáñ³ÛÇÝ ï»Õ³ÛÝù. marsh ~ land-lubber [΄lænd‚lΛbə] n Íáí., ËëÏó.
׳Ñ×áõïÝ»ñ: ëÏëݳÏ/³Ý÷áñÓ Ý³í³ëïÇ:
land [lænd] v ³÷ ÇçÝ»É, ó³Ù³ù ¹áõñë ·³É. landmark [΄lændma:k] n ë³Ñٳݳ·Í³ÛÇÝ
The ship ~ed in the morning ܳíÁ ³÷ ѳë³í Ýß³Ý. Ý߳ݳÓáÕ. ÏáÕÙÝáñáßáÕ ³é³ñϳ.
³é³íáïÛ³Ý. ~ the plane safely ÇÝùݳÃÇéÁ The tower was a ~ ²ßï³ñ³ÏÁ ÏáÕÙÝáñáßÇã
³å³Ñáí Ýëï»óÝ»É. ~ on the lawn í³Ûñ¿çù ¿ñ. ÷Ëμ. áõÕ»ÝÇß, ßñç³¹³ñÓ³ÛÇÝ Ï»ï. ~ in
ϳï³ñ»É Ù³ñ·³·»ïÝÇ íñ³. The rocket history å³ïÙáõÃÛ³Ý áõÕ»ÝÇß:
~ed on the moon ÐñÃÇéÁ í³Ûñ¿çù ϳï³ñ»ó landowner [΄lænd‚əunə] n ÑáÕ³ï»ñ, ϳÉ-
ÉáõëÝÇ íñ³. (μéÝ»É) ~ a good job ɳí å³ß- í³Í³ï»ñ:
ïáÝ Ó»éù ·ó»É. She always ~s the leading roles landowning [΄lænd‚əuniŋ] 1.n ÑáÕ³ïÇñáõ-
Üñ³Ý ÙÇßï ѳçáÕíáõÙ ¿ ·É˳íáñ ¹»ñ»ñ ÃÛáõÝ. 2. a ÑáÕ³ïÇñ³Ï³Ý:
Ó»éù μ»ñ»É/˳ճÉ. Your behaviour will ~ you landrail [΄lændreil] n Ù³ñ·³Éáñ, Ù³ñ·³-
in a jail Ò»ñ í³ñù³·ÇÍÁ Ó»½ μ³Ýï ѳí:
ÏѳëóÝÇ: landscape [΄lændskeip] n ³ßËñ·. ɳݹ-
land-agent [΄lænd‚eidзənt] n ϳÉí³ÍùÇ Ï³- ß³ýï, μݳå³ïÏ»ñ. a flat/mountainous~
é³í³ñÇã. ÑáÕ»ñÇ í³×³éÙ³Ý ÙÇçÝáñ¹: ѳñÃ/É»éݳÛÇÝ É³Ý¹ß³ýï. admire the ~
land-bank [΄lændbæŋk] n ÑáÕ³ÛÇÝ μ³ÝÏ: ÑÇ³Ý³É μݳå³ïÏ»ñáí. ~ painter μݳ-
landed [΄lændid] a ÑáÕ³ÛÇÝ ë»÷³Ï³Ýáõ- ÝϳñÇã. ÑÙÏñ·. ÑáñǽáÝ³Ï³Ý ¹Çñù:
ÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»óáÕ. ÑáÕ³ï»ñ: landscape-gardening [‚lændskeip΄ga:d-
landfall [΄lændfɔ:l] n ÷Éáõ½áõÙ, ÷Éí³Íù: niŋ] n μáõë³å³ïáõÙ, ϳݳã³å³ïáõÙ,
land-grabbing [΄lænd‚græbiŋ] a ½³íÃá- ϳݳ㳽³ñ¹áõÙ:
ճϳÝ, Ýí³×áճϳÝ: land-slide [΄lændslaid] n ÑáÕÇ ÷Éí³Íù. ë³-
landholder [΄lænd‚həuldə] n ÑáÕ³ï»ñ, Ñá- ÑáõÙ, ÷Éáõ½áõÙ. ÷Ëμ., ùÕù. Éáõñç ù³Õ³ù³-
ÕÇ í³ñӳϳÉ: Ï³Ý Ñ³ÕÃ³Ý³Ï (³Ýëå³ë»ÉÇ). The election
landing [΄lændiŋ] n ³ëïÇ׳ݳí³Ý¹³Ï, proved a ~ ÀÝïñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÝ ³í³ñïí»óÇÝ
ë³Ý¹Õ³í³Ý¹³Ï. Íáí. ³÷ ѳݻÉÁ. ³í. ½·³ÉÇ Ñ³ÕóݳÏáí:
í³Ûñ¿çù. é½Ù. ¹»ë³Ýï. ~ forces ¹»ë³Ý- landsman [΄lændzmən] n ó³Ù³ù³μݳÏ:
ï³ÛÇÝ ½áñù»ñ: land-surveyor [΄lændsə‚veiə] n ÑáÕ³ã³÷,
landing-place [΄lændiŋpleis] n ݳí³Ù³- »ñÏñ³ã³÷:
ïáõÛó. í³Ûñ¿çùÇ Ññ³å³ñ³Ï: land-tax [΄lændtæks] n ÑáÕ³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ñÏ:
landing-stage [΄lændiŋsteidз] n ݳí³Ù³- landward(s) [΄lændwəd(z)] adv ¹»åÇ ó³-
ïáõÛó: Ù³ù/³÷:
landing strip [΄lændiŋstrip] n ³í. ÃéÇãùÇ ¨ lane [lein] n ß³íÇÕ, ϳͳÝ, ³ñ³Ñ»ï.
language 468 large

Ýñμ³Ýóù, Ý»Õ ÷áÕáó. blind ~ ÷³ÏáõÕÇ. red lapel [lə΄pel] n ¹³ñÓ³Í³É í»ñ³ñÏáõÇ/μ³×-
~ ËëÏó. ÏáÏáñ¹. hunger ~ ëáíÇ ×³Ý³å³ñÑ, ÏáÝÇ:
·áñͳ½ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ³íïá׳ݳå³ñѳÛÇÝ lapidary [΄læpidəri] n ù³ñÇ íñ³ ÷áñ³·ñáÕ
ß³ñù fast/slow/inside/outside ~ ³ñ³·/¹³Ý- í³ñå»ï. óÝϳ·ÇÝ ù³ñ»ñ ÑÕÏáÕ í³ñ-
¹³Õ/Ý»ñùÇÝ/³ñï³ùÇÝ ß³ñù. ~s and alleys å»ï:
ËáõÉ ÷áÕáóÝ»ñ/³ÝÏÛáõÝÝ»ñ: lapis lazuli [‚læpis΄læzjuli] n ɳçí³ñ¹, ϳ-
language [΄læŋgwidз]1. n É»½áõ. native/liv- åáõÛï ù³ñ:
ing/dead ~ Ù³Ûñ»ÝÇ/ϻݹ³ÝÇ/Ù»é³Í É»½áõ. lapse [læps] n ë³ÛóùáõÙ, ë˳É. ³ÝÏáõÙ.
ancient/modern/colloquial ~ ÑÇÝ/ųٳݳϳ- There are some odd ~s in her work Üñ³ ³ß-
ÏÇó/Ëáë³Ïó³Ï³Ý É»½áõ. official/state ~ ˳ï³ÝùáõÙ áñáß íñÇå³ÏÝ»ñ ϳÝ. (ÑÇßá-
å³ßïáÝϳÝ/å»ï³Ï³Ý É»½áõ. master a ~ ÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ïáñáõëï) ~ of memory ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛ³Ý
ïÇñ³å»ï»É É»½íÇÝ. speak several ~s ÙÇ Ïáñáõëï. a moral ~ μ³ñáÛ³Ï³Ý ³ÝÏáõÙ. a ~
ù³ÝÇ É»½íáí Ëáë»É. ~ allowance/bonus from one’s prnciples ݳѳÝç»É Çñ ëϽμáõÝù-
(ûï³ñ) É»½íÇ ÇÙ³óáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ïñíáÕ Ý»ñÇó. after a long ~ of time »ñϳñ ų-
ѳí»É³í׳ñ. be good at ~s É»½í³Ï³Ý Ù³Ý³Ï ³Ýó£
áõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ áõݻݳÉ. abusive/bad/foul ~ lapse [læps] v ³ÝÏáõÙ ³åñ»É. ~ into second
ѳÛÑáÛ³Ýù. use bad ~ ѳÛÑáÛ³Ëáë»É. 2.a childhood »ñÏñáñ¹ Ù³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³åñ»É. ~
É»½í³Ï³Ý ~ components É»½íÇ μ³Õ³¹ñÇã- into silence Ó³ÛÝÁ Ïïñ»É. ~ from the path of
Ý»ñ. ~ barrier/policy/mistake É»½í³Ï³Ý virtue ×Çßï ׳ݳå³ñÑÇó ß»Õí»É. (ųÙÏ»-
å³ïÝ»ß/ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ/ë˳É. speak ïÁ Éñ³Ý³É) The term has ~d ijÙÏ»ïÝ ³Ý-
the same ~ ÁݹѳÝáõñ É»½áõ ·ïÝ»É. sign ~ ó»É ¿. The driving license has ~d ì³ñáñ¹³Ï³Ý
Å»ëï»ñÇ É»½áõ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ data É»½í³Ï³Ý Çñ³íáõÝùÁ ųÙÏ»ï³Ýó ¿ This custom has ~d
ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ. ~ processor É»½íÇ Ù»ÏÝÇã/Ù»Ï- ²Ûë ëáíáñáõÛÃÁ ³ñ¹»Ý ³ÝÑ»ï³ó»É ¿:
ݳμ³ÝÇã. ~ subset É»½íÇ »ÝÃ³μ³½Ùáõ- laptop [΄læptɒp] n ÑÙÏñ·. ¹Ûáõñ³ÏÇñ, ÍÝϳ-
ÃÛáõÝ: ¹Çñ ѳٳϳñ·Çã/ÏáÙåÛáõï»ñ:
languid [΄læŋgwid] a ÃáõÛÉ, Ù»ÕÏ, ³Ý³ß- lapwing [΄læpwiŋ] n ÏÇíÇí (ÃéãáõÝ):
ËáõÛÅ: larcenous [΄la:sənəs] a ·áÕ³ÛÇÝ, ·áÕ»ñÇÝ
languish [΄læŋgwi∫] v óé³Ù»É, ÃáõɳݳÉ, ѳïáõÏ. ·áÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç Ù»Õ³íáñ:
ïϳñ³Ý³É. áõųëå³é ÉÇÝ»É: larceny [΄la:səni] n ·áÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ÏáÕáåáõï,
languor [΄læŋgə] n ÃáõÉáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ýï³ñμ»- ·áõÛùÇ Ñ³÷ßï³ÏáõÙ. ~ by trick ˳ñ¹³-
ñáõÃÛáõÝ, Ñá·Ý³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ: ËáõÃÛáõÝ:
lank [læŋk] a ÝÇѳñ, íïÇï. ~ hair áõÕÇÕ ¨ larch [la:t∫] n μëμ. ˻ų÷Ç×Ç:
÷³÷áõÏ Ù³½: lard [la:d] n (ѳɳÍ) Ëέ׳ñå. fry in ~
lanky [΄læŋki] a »ñϳñ³Ñ³ë³Ï áõ ÝÇѳñ: Ëέ׳ñåáí ï³å³Ï»É:
lantern [΄læntən] n ɳåï»ñ. ÷Ëμ. Ï»ñáÝ, larder [΄la:də] n Ù³é³Ý:
ç³Ñ. ÷³ñáë, Éáõë³ñÓ³Ï. blind/dark ~ large [la:dз] a Ù»Í, Ëáßáñ. ½·³ÉÇ, Ý߳ݳ-
·³ÕïݳÉáõÛë ɳåï»ñ. magic ~ Ùá·³Ï³Ý Ï³ÉÇ. a ~ house Ù»Í ïáõÝ a ~ sum (of money)
ɳåï»ñ. parish ~ ÏïÏ. ÉáõëÇÝ: Ù»Í ·áõÙ³ñ. a ~ woman Ëáßáñ ÏÇÝ. on a ~
lap I [læp] n ÍÝÏÝ»ñ, ·á·. hold the baby in/on scale Ù»Í Ù³ëßï³μáí. slightly/somewhat ~
the ~ »ñ»Ë³ÛÇÝ ÍÝÏÝ»ñÇ íñ³ å³Ñ»É. live in ÙÇ ÷áùñ ³í»ÉÇ. a ~ firm Ëáßáñ ýÇñÙ³. ~
the ~ of luxury ßù»ÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ³åñ»É£ majority ·»ñ³ÏßéáÕ/½·³ÉÇ Ù»Í³Ù³ëÝáõ-
lap II [læp] n ß³Ý É³÷. Ùñ½. (í³½ùáõÕáõ) ÃÛáõÝÁ. a ~ crowd Ù³ñ¹³ß³ï ³ÙμáË. (³í»-
Ù»Ï ßñç³Ý. He fell halfway in the second ~ ܳ ÉÇ Ù»Í ù³Ý å»ïù ¿) This coat is a bit ~ for me
ÁÝÏ³í »ñÏñáñ¹ ßñç³ÝÇ Ï»ë ׳ݳå³ñÑÇÝ. ²Ûë í»ñ³ñÏáõÝ (ÙÇ ùÇã) Ù»Í ¿ ÇÝÓ íñ³. The
She is on the last ~ ܳ »½ñ³·ÇÍ/ýÇÝÇß ¿ shoes are on the ~ side ÎáßÇÏÝ»ñÁ Ù»Í »Ý. The
¹áõñë ·³ÉÇë: criminal is still at ~ гÝó³·áñÍÁ ¹»é¨ë
lap [læp] v (ëáíñ.~ up) ³·³Ñ³μ³ñ ËÙ»É. ³½³ïáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ¿. ambassador at ~ ѳïáõÏ
ɳ÷»É, ɳϻÉ: ѳÝÓݳñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ϳï³ñáÕ ¹»ë-
lap-dog [΄læpdɒg] n ë»ÝÛ³ÏÇ ßÝÇÏ: å³Ý:
large-handed 469 latch

large-handed [‚la:dз΄hændid] a ³é³ï³- í»ñçÇÝÁ, í»ñçÇÝë. at long ~ í»ñçÇí»ñçá.


Ó»éÝ, Ó»éÝμ³ó: to/till the ~ ÙÇÝ㨠í»ñç. at ~ í»ñç³å»ë. That
large-hearted [‚la:dз΄ha:tid] a ٻͳÑá·Ç: was the ~ I heard of him ºë ³Ûɨë Ýñ³ Ù³ëÇÝ
large-leaved [‚la:dз΄li:vd] a ɳÛÝ/Ù»Í ï»- áãÇÝã ã»Ù Éë»É. We’ll never hear the ~ of it
ñ¨Ý»ñáí: ¸ñ³Ý í»ñç ãÇ ÉÇÝÇ. Are we the ~ ? Ø»Ýù
largely [΄la:dзli] adv ½·³ÉÇ, Ù»Í ã³÷áí. Ù»- í»ñçDZÝÝ »Ýù:
ͳå»ë. ~ due to ½·³ÉÇ ã³÷áí ßÝáñÑÇí. It’s last II [la:st] n (ÏáßÇÏÇ) ϳճå³ñ. stick to
~ a question of ... ¸³ ÑÇÙݳϳÝáõÙ … ѳñó one’s ~ ãѳëϳó³Í ·áñÍÇÝ ã˳éÝí»É:
¿. He was ~ to blame ÐÇÙݳϳÝáõ٠ݳ ¿ñ Ù»- last [la:st] a í»ñçÇÝ, »½ñ³÷³ÏÇã. ~ instance
Õ³íáñ: í»ñçÇÝ ³ïÛ³Ý. ~ hope í»ñçÇÝ ÑáõÛëÁ. the ~
large-minded [‚la:dз΄maindid] a ɳÛÝ Ñ³- thing to worry about ³Ýѳݷëï³óÝáÕ í»ñ-
Û³óùÝ»ñÇ ï»ñ, ɳÛݳѳ۳ó: çÇÝ μ³ÝÁ. He is the ~ person I want to see ºë
largeness [΄la:dзnəs] n Ù»ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, Ëáßáñáõ- Ýñ³Ý ã»Ù áõ½áõÙ ï»ëÝ»É. ~ but one
ÃÛáõÝ. ٻͳÑá·áõÃÛáõÝ: ݳ˳í»ñçÇÝ. (³Ýó³Í) ~ year/winter
large-scale [‚la:dз΄skeil] a Ù»Í Ù³ëßï³μÇ, ³Ýó³Í ï³ñÇ/ÓÙ»é. ~ night ³Ûë ·Çß»ñ, »ñ»Ï
Ëáßáñ. ɳÛݳͳí³É. ~ industry Ëáßáñ ³ñ¹- »ñ»ÏáÛ³Ý. the night before ~ ݳ˳ÝóÛ³É
Ûáõݳμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ production ½³Ý·í³Í³- »ñ»Ïá. under the ~ government ݳËáñ¹ ϳ-
ÛÇÝ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ reforms Ù»Í Ù³ëß- é³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ûñáù. take a ~ look í»ñçÇÝ
ï³μÇ μ³ñ»÷áËáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: ³Ý·³Ù ݳۻÉ. ~ name ³½·³ÝáõÝÁ. L~ Jud-
lark I [la:k] n ³ñïáõÛï. rise with the ~ ÷Ëμ. gement ²Ñ»Õ ¹³ï³ëï³Ý:
ß³ï í³Õ ³ñÃݳݳÉ/í»ñ ϻݳÉ: last [la:st] adv í»ñçÇÝ ³Ý·³Ù, í»ñçáõÙ,
lark II [la:k] n ½í³ñ׳ÉÇ Ï³ï³Ï, ã³ñ³- í»ñç³å»ë. speak ~ í»ñçáõÙ Ëáë»É. come ~
××ÇáõÃÛáõÝ. just for a ~ ϳï³ÏÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ: í»ñçÇÝÁ ·³É. ~ but not least í»ñçÇÝÁ, μ³Ûó
larky [΄la:ki] a áõñ³Ë ϳï³Ï³ë»ñ: áã å³Ï³ë ϳñ¨áñÁ:
larrikin [΄lærikin] n ËëÏó. ËáõÉÇ·³Ý: last [la:st] v 層É, ß³ñáõݳÏí»É. The play ~ed
larva [΄la:və] n ÃñÃáõñ, ß»ñ»÷áõÏ: two hours ʳÕÁ »ñÏáõ ų٠層ó. (μ³í³-
laryngitis [‚lærin΄dзaitis] n μÅßÏ. ÏáÏáñ¹³- Ï³Ý ÉÇÝ»É. Ñ»ñÇù»É) It was too good to ~ ¸³
μáñμ, ɳñÇÝ·Çï£ ã³÷³½³Ýó É³í ¿ñ, áñ »ñϳñ 層ñ. It will
larynx [΄læriŋks] n ÏáÏáñ¹: ~ me a month ¸³ ÇÝÓ ÙÇ ³ÙÇë Ïμ³í³Ï³-
laser printer [΄leizə ΄printə] n ÑÙÏñ·. ɳ½»- ݳóÝÇ. The money ~ed only a week öáÕÁ
ñ³ÛÇÝ ïåáÕ ë³ñù: ÙdzÛÝ ÙÇ ß³μ³Ã Ñ»ñÇù»ó, The car has ~ed
lash [læ∫] n Ùïñ³Ï, ˳ñ³½³Ý. Ùïñ³ÏÇ me for years ²Ûë Ù»ù»Ý³Ý ß³ï í³Õáõó »Ù
ѳñí³Í. ~ of the tongue ÷Ëμ. ÏÍáõ É»½áõ. û·ï³·áñÍáõÙ. (¹ÇٳݳÉ) He’s not expected
(eye)~ ûñûñáõÝù, óñÃÇã: to ~ till morning г½Çí û ÙÇÝ㨠³é³íáï
lash [læ∫] v Ùïñ³Ï»É, ˳ñ³½³Ý»É (ݳ¨ ¹Çٳݳ. His secretaries usually don’t ~ long
÷Ëμ. ~ a horse ÓÇáõÝ Ùïñ³Ï»É. Hail was ~ing Üñ³ ù³ñïáõÕ³ñáõÑÇÝ»ñÁ ëáíáñ³μ³ñ »ñ-
the windows γñÏáõïÁ Í»ÍáõÙ ¿ñ å³ïáõ- ϳñ ã»Ý ¹ÇÙ³ÝáõÙ:
ѳÝÝ»ñÁ. (Çñ³ñ ϳå»É, ³Ùñ³óÝ»É) ~ the lasting [΄la:stiŋ] a 勉ϳÝ, ϳÛáõÝ. a ~
timber to the deck ·»ñ³ÝÝ»ñÝ ³Ùñ³óÝ»É peace ϳÛáõÝ Ë³Õ³ÕáõÃÛáõÝ. to his ~ shame
ï³Ëï³Ï³Ù³ÍÇÝ. ~ out with fists μéáõÝóù- Ç Ù»Í ³ÙáÃ. The illness caused no ~ damage
Ý»ñÁ ó÷³Ñ³ñ»É. ~ out on a new coat Ýáñ ÐÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝÁ Éáõñç ѻ勉ÝùÝ»ñ
í»ñ³ñÏáõÇ íñ³ ÑëÏ³Û³Ï³Ý ·áõÙ³ñ ͳË- ãÃáÕ»ó:
ë»É: lastly [΄la:stli] adv í»ñç³å»ë, í»ñçáõÙ. L~
lass [læs], lassie [læsi] n ÷Õù. ³ÕçÇÏ. let me tell you ºí í»ñç³å»ë ÃáõÛÉ ïí»ù
Ñá·Û³Ïë, ³ÝáõßÇÏë: ³ë»É my brother, my friend and ~ me »Õμ³Ûñë,
lassitude [΄læsitju:d] n Ñá·Ý³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, Ãáõ- ÁÝÏ»ñë ¨ í»ñç³å»ë »ë:
ÉáõÃÛáõÝ: latch [læt∫] n ÙÕɳÏ, ÷³Ï³Ý. ³Ý·ÉdzϳÝ
last I [la:st] n í»ñçÇÝÁ. breathe one’s ~ í»ñçÇÝ ÏáÕå»ù. The door is on the ~ ¸áõéÁ ÷³Ï³Ý-
ßáõÝãÁ ÷ã»É. the/this ~ í»ñáÑÇßÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇó í³Í ¿:
latch 470 laugh

latch [læt∫] v ÏáÕå»É, ÷³Ï»É. (ÝÇ·áí, ÏáÕ- í»ñçÇÝ, . the ~ news í»ñçÇÝ Éáõñ»ñ. the ~ de-
å»ùáí) The doors ~ securely ¸éÝ»ñÁ sign ³Ù»Ý³í»ñçÇÝ Ó¨Á/Ùá¹³Ý. at the ~
³å³Ñáí ÏáÕåíáõÙ »Ý. He ~ed on to me ³Ù»Ý³áõßÁ:
÷Ëμ., ËëÏó. ܳ Ïå»É ¿ñ ÇÝÓ: lathe [leið] n ˳é³ïÇ Ñ³ëïáó:
latch-key [΄læt∫ki:] n ³·é³íáõÏ Ï»é. ³Ý·- lather [΄la:ðə] n û׳éÇ ÷ñ÷áõñ. ùñïÇÝù.
ÉÇ³Ï³Ý ÏáÕå»ùÇ μ³Ý³ÉÇ: The horse was in a ~ ÒÇÝ ùñïÇÝùÇ Ù»ç ¿ñ:
late [leit] a áõß, áõß³ó³Í, ѳå³Õ³Í. ~ sup- lather [΄la:ðə] v û׳é»É, ÷ñ÷ñ»óÝ»É,
per áõß ÁÝÃñÇù. at this ~ hour ³Ûë áõß Å³ÙÇÝ. ÷ñ÷ñ³Ï³É»É. The soap wouldn’t ~ ú׳éÁ
be ~ áõ߳ݳÉ. in ~ autumn áõß ³ßݳÝÁ. make ã¿ñ ÷ñ÷ñáõÙ:
a ~ entry áõß Ñ³ÛïÝí»É. in the ~ twenty cen- Latin [΄lætin] n ɳïÇÝ»ñ»Ý. vulgar ~ Åá-
tury ùë³Ý»ñáñ¹ ¹³ñÇ í»ñçáõÙ. Don’t be ~ Õáíñ¹³Ï³Ý ɳïÇÝ»ñ»Ý. (Ù³ñ¹áõ Ù³ëÇÝ)
ØÇ° áõß³ó»ù. He was an hour ~ ܳ ÙÇ Å³Ù Ñ³ñ³íóÇ. He is a typical ~ ܳ ÇëϳϳÝ
áõß³ó»É ¿ñ. keep ~ hours áõß ùÝ»É. I was ~ get- ѳñ³íóÇ ¿:
ting up ºë áõß í»ñϳó³. Don’t let me make latin [΄lætin] a ɳïÇݳϳÝ, éáٳݳϳÝ. a
you ~ â»Ù áõ½áõÙ Ó»½ áõß³óÝ»É. of ~ years ~ scholar ɳïÇÝÇëï. the ~ languages éáÙ³-
í»ñçÇÝ ï³ñÇÝ»ñÁ. (ݳËÏÇÝ) the ~ president Ý³Ï³Ý É»½áõÝ»ñ. L~ American ɳïÇݳ³-
ݳËÏÇÝ åñ»½Ç¹»ÝïÁ. (ѳݷáõóÛ³É) the Ù»ñÇϳóÇ:
late Mr Brown ѳݷáõóÛ³É å-Ý ´ñ³áõÝÁ: latitude [΄lætitju:d] n ³ßËñ·. ɳÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ.
late [leit] adv áõß. sit up ~ áõß Ýëï»É (ÙÇÝ㨠low ~s ³ñ¨³¹³ñÓ³ÛÇÝ É³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. (³-
áõß ·Çß»ñ) as ~ as in 1982 ¹»é¨ë 1982 ÃíÇÝ ½³ïáõÃÛáõÝ, ÇÝùÝáõñáõÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ) allow great
~ in the year ï³ñí³ í»ñçÇÝ. Better ~ than ~ Ù»Í ³½³ïáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É. give very little ~
never È³í ¿ áõß, ù³Ý »ñμ»ù: ùÇã Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É, ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï
latecomer [΄leit‚kΛmə] n áõß³ó³ÍÁ: ÉÇÝ»É. ~ of religion ÏñáÝÇ ³½³ïáõÃÛáõÝ:
lately [΄leitli] adv í»ñç»ñë, í»ñçÇÝ Å³Ù³- latrine [lə΄tri:n] n ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ½áõ·³-
ݳÏÝ»ñë, Ýáñ»ñë. until ~ ÙÇÝ㨠í»ñç»ñë. it’s ñ³Ý£
only ~ ÙdzÛÝ í»ñç»ñë: latter [΄lætə] a í»ñçÇÝÁ. the ~ part of the arti-
lateness [΄leitnəs] n áõß³óáõÙ, áõ߳ݳÉÁ. cle Ñá¹í³ÍÇ í»ñçÇÝ Ù³ëÁ. the ~ »ñÏñáñ¹Á
owing to the ~ of the hour áõß Å³ÙÇ å³ï׳- (»ñÏáõëÇó, í»ñáÑÇßÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇó). Peter and Paul
éáí. His ~ is inexcusable Üñ³ áõ߳ݳÉÁ ³Ý- arrived the former in a coat, the ~ in a jacket
ÁݹáõÝ»ÉÇ ¿: öÇûñÝ áõ öáÉÁ »Ï³Ý. ³é³çÇÝÁ í»ñ³ñÏáõ
latent [΄leitnt] a μÅßÏ. óùáõÝ, ·³ÕïÝÇ. (ÑÇ- ¿ñ ѳ·»É, í»ñçÇÝë (»ñÏñáñ¹Á)ª μ³×ÏáÝ:
í³Ý¹áõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇÝ) ·³ÕÃÝÁÝóó, ͳÍÏ- latter-day [‚lætə΄dei] a ųٳݳϳÏÇó,
ÁÝóó. ~ partner ³Ý³ÝáõÝ/·³ÕïÝÇ ·áñÍ- Ýáñ³·áõÛÝ£
ÁÝÏ»ñ. ~ competition ͳÍáõÏ Ùñó³Ïóáõ- latterly [΄lætəli] adv í»ñç»ñë, Ýáñ»ñë£
ÃÛáõÝ: lattice [΄lætis] n, a ó³Ýó, í³Ý¹³Ï. í³Ý¹³-
later [΄leitə] a ³í»ÉÇ áõß. the ~ works of Byron ϳíáñ, ó³Ýó³å³ï:
´³ÛñáÝÇ ³í»ÉÇ áõß ßñç³ÝÇ ·áñÍ»ñÁ. con- latticed [΄lætist] a í³Ý¹³Ï³íáñ, ó³Ý-
sider at a ~ meeting ùÝݳñÏ»É Ñ»ï³·³ ѳÝ- ó³íáñ:
¹ÇåáõÙÝ»ñÇ ÁÝóóùáõÙ. a ~ version ³í»ÉÇ laudable [΄lɔ:dəbl] a ·áí³ë³Ý³Ï³Ý. μÅßÏ.
áõß í³ñϳÍ. sooner or ~ í³Õ û áõß: μ³ñáñ³Ï:
later [΄leitə] adv ³í»ÉÇ áõß. ~ on Ñ»ïá, ³í»ÉÇ laudation [lɔ:΄dei∫n] n ·áí³ë³Ýù, ·áí³-
áõß. no ~ than (yesterday) ÙdzÛÝ »ñ»Ï. not now ë³Ý³Ï³Ý ׳é, Ý»ñμáÕ:
- ~ áã ÑÇÙ³, ³í»ÉÇ áõß. a bit ~ on ÙÇ ÷áùñ laugh [la:f] n ÍÇͳÕ. merry/foolish/nervous ~
³í»ÉÇ áõß. I’ll come ~ on ºë ÙÇ ÷áùñ ³í»ÉÇ áõñ³Ë/ÑÇÙ³ñ/ÝÛ³ñ¹³ÛÇÝ ÍÇͳÕ. bitter ~
áõß Ï·³Ù: ¹³éÁ ÍÇͳÕ. hearty/good ~ ³ÙμáÕç ëñïáí
lateral [΄lætrəl] a ÏáÕù³ÛÇÝ, ÏáÕÙݳÛÇÝ. ÍÇͳջÉ. loud ~ μ³ñÓñ/ÑÝã»Õ ÍÇͳÕ. He
ÏáÕÙݳÏÇ, »ñÏñáñ¹³Ï³Ý. ~ relations ÑáñÇ- had the ~ on us ËëÏó. ܳ Ù»½ ѳÕûó:
½áÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ñ³μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: laugh [la:f] v ÍÇͳջÉ. ~ to scorn ͳÕñ»É. ~
latest [΄leitist] a ³Ù»Ý³áõß. ³Ù»Ý³í»ñçÇÝ. in one’s sleeve ùÃÇ ï³Ï ÍÇͳջÉ. ~ off ϳ-
laughable 471 law

ï³ÏÇ ï³É. We ~ed ourselves silly àõ߳ó÷- Õ³ñÏ»É. (Éí³óù, ëåÇï³Ï»Õ»Ý) do the ~
í»Éáõ ã³÷ ÍÇͳջóÇÝù. The speaker was ~ed Éí³óù ³Ý»É. ~ basket ëåÇï³Ï»Õ»ÝÇ (Éí³ó-
down ¼»ÏáõóáÕÇ μ³é»ñÁ ¹ÇÙ³íáñ»óÇÝ ùÇ) ½³ÙμÛáõÕ:
ÍÇͳÕáí. burst out ~ing ÍÇͳÕÇó å³ÛûÉ. ~ laureate [΄lɔ:riət] n ¹³÷Ý»ÏÇñ, ɳáõñ»³ï:
till one cries ³ñóáõÝùáïí»Éáõ ã³÷ ÍÇͳջÉ, laurel [΄lɒrəl] n ¹³÷ÝÇ. ~s ¹³÷ÝÇÝ»ñ,
He ~s best who ~s last ȳí ÍÇͳÕáõÙ ¿ ݳ, ÷³éùÇ åë³Ï, ¹³÷Ý»åë³Ï. reap/win ~s
áí í»ñçáõÙ ¿ ÍÇͳÕáõÙ: ¹³÷ÝÇÝ»ñ í³ëï³Ï»É. rest on one’s ~s ¹³÷-
laughable [΄la:fəbl] a ÍÇͳջÉÇ, ½³í»ßï³- ÝÇÝ»ñÇ íñ³ ѳݷã»É:
ϳÝ. ³ÝѻûÃ. It’s just ~ º÷³Í ѳíÝ ¿É lava [΄la:və] n Ññ³Ñ»ÕáõÏ ½³Ý·í³Í, ɳí³:
ÏÍÇͳÕÇ£ lavatory [΄lævətəri] n Éí³óí»Éáõ ë»ÝÛ³Ï,
laughing [΄la:fiŋ] a ÍÇͳջÉÇ. It’s no ~ mat- ½áõ·³ñ³Ý:
ter ¸³ μáÉáñáíÇÝ ¿É ÍÇͳջÉÇ ã¿: lavender [΄lævəndə] n μëμ. ݳñ¹áë, ɳ-
laughing-gas [΄la:fiŋgæs] n ÍÇͳճμ»ñ í³Ý¹. μ³ó Ù³Ýáõ߳ϳ·áõÛÝ:
·³½£ lavish [΄lævi∫] a ×áË, ßù»Õ. ³é³ï³Ó»éÝ. a ~
lauhging-stock [΄la:fiŋstɒk] n ͳÕñÇ dinner ×áË ×³ßÏ»ñáõÛÃ. ~ furnishing ßù»Õ
³é³ñϳ: ϳѳíáñáõÙ. live on a ~ scale ßé³ÛÉ/ßù»Õ
laughter [΄la:ftə] n ÍÇͳÕ, ùñùÇç. roars of ~ ³åñ»É. be ~ in one’s praise ·áí³ë³Ýù ãËݳ-
ÍÇͳÕÇ åáéÃÏáõÙÝ»ñ. burst/break into ~ ÍÇ- Û»É:
ͳÕÇó åáéÃϳÉ. ù³Ñ-ù³Ñ/μ³ñÓñ³Ó³ÛÝ lavish [΄lævi∫] v ³é³ï³Ó»éÝ/ßé³ÛÉ ÉÇÝ»É.
ÍÇͳջÉ. amid general ~ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ÍÇͳÕÇ ßé³ÛÉ»É. She ~ es money on the children ܳ
ï³Ï£ ÷áÕ»ñ ¿ ßé³ÛÉáõÙ »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñÇ íñ³:
launch [lɔ:nt∫] n (ݳ¨ motor ~) Ùáïáñ³Ý³- lavishness [΄lævi∫nəs] n ³é³ï³Ó»éÝáõ-
í³Ï. pleasure ~ ½μáë³Ý³í³Ï: ÃÛáõÝ, ßé³ÛÉáõÃÛáõÝ:
launch [lɔ:nt∫] v ݳíÁ Íáí Çç»óÝ»É. ³ñÓ³- law [lɔ:] n ûñ»Ýù, ϳÝáÝ. common ~ ã·ñí³Í
Ï»É. ëÏë»É. ~ a rocket ÑñÃÇé ³ñӳϻÉ. ~ an ûñ»Ýù. ëáíáñáõÛÃÇ/ÁݹѳÝáõñ Çñ³íáõÝù.
offensive é½Ù. ѳñÓ³ÏáõÙÁ ëÏë»É. ~ an elec-
martial ~ é³½Ù³Ï³Ý ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ breaker
tion campaign ÷Ëμ. ÁÝïñ³ñß³íÁ ëÏë»É. ~ a
ûñÇݳ˳Ëï. anti trust ~ ѳϳٻݳßÝáñ-
new company Ýáñ Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝ μ³ó»É/
ѳÛÇÝ ûñ»Ýù. according to ~ ûñ»ÝùÇ Ñ³Ù³-
ëï»ÕÍ»É. ~ out a new career Ýáñ ϳñÇ»ñ³
Ó³ÛÝ. break a/the ~ ûñ»ÝùÁ ˳Ëï»É. pass a ~
ëÏë»É. ~ into a long conversation »ñϳñ Ëá-
ûñ»Ýù ÙïóÝ»É. the bill has become a ~ ûñÇ-
ë³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý/í»×Ç Ù»ç ÙïÝ»É:
ݳ·ÇÍÁ ûñ»Ýù ¿ ¹³ñÓ»É. keep on the right
launcher [΄lɔ:nt∫ə] n Ù»ÏݳñϳÛÇÝ/ÃéãáÕ side of the ~ ûñ»ÝùÁ å³Ñå³Ý»É/ã˳Ëï»É.
ϳ۳Ý. ÏñáÕ ÑñÃÇé:
(Çñ³íáõÝù, Çñ³í³·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ) civil/crimi-
launching [΄lɔ:nt∫iŋ] n ëÏǽμ. ³ñÓ³ÏáõÙ.
nal/international ~ ù³Õ³ù³óÇ³Ï³Ý /ùñ»³-
ݳíÁ Íáí Çç»óÝ»ÉÁ. ³åñ³ÝùÁ ßáõϳ ѳ-
ϳÝ/ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ Çñ³íáõÝù. canon ~ »Ï»-
Ý»ÉÁ. ·áñÍÇ ¹Ý»ÉÁ. ~ pad ·áñͳñÏÙ³Ý
Õ»ó³Ï³Ý Çñ³íáõÝù. Roman ~ ÐéáÙ»³Ï³Ý
ë³ñù. ~ base ·áñͳñÏÙ³Ý Ï³Û³Ýù/μ³½³:
Çñ³íáõÝù. study ~ Çñ³í³μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ áõ-
launder [΄lɔ:ndə] v Éí³Ý³É, Éí³óù ³Ý»É.
ëáõÙݳëÇñ»É. go into the ~ Çñ³í³μ³Ý ¹³é-
Éí³óí»É. This material ~s badly ²Ûë ·áñÍí³Í-
ùÁ í³ï ¿ Éí³óíáõÙ. ~ drug money ÃÙñ³- ݳÉ. gap in the ~ ûñ»ÝùÇ Ã»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. domes-
¹»ÕÇ í³×³éùÇó ·áÛ³ó³Í ÷áÕ»ñÁ Éí³Ý³É£ tic ~ Ý»ñå»ï³Ï³Ý ûñ»Ýù. model ~ ïÇå³-
laundress [΄lɔ:ndres] n Éí³ó³ñ³ñáõÑÇ: ÛÇÝ ûñ»Ýù. ~ authorities Çñ³í³Ï³Ý Ù³ñÙÇÝ-
laundrette [‚lɔ:ndə΄ret] n ³íïáÙ³ï -Éí³ó- Ý»ñ. ~ court ¹³ï³ñ³Ý. ~ office ÷³ëï³μ³-
ù³ïáõÝ: Ý³Ï³Ý ·ñ³ë»ÝÛ³Ï. ~ student Çñ³í³μ³-
laundering [΄lɔ:ndriŋ] n (÷áÕ»ñÇ) Éí³óáõÙ. Ý³Ï³Ý ý³ÏáõÉï»ïÇ áõë³ÝáÕ. go to ~ ¹³-
³ÝûñÇÝ³Ï³Ý »Ï³ÙáõïÝ»ñÇÝ ûñÇÝ³Ï³Ý ï³ñ³Ý ¹ÇÙ»É. take smb to ~ Ù»ÏÇÝ ¹³ïÇ
μÝáõÛà ï³ÉÁ: ï³É. the ~s of nature μÝáõÃÛ³Ý ûñ»ÝùÝ»ñÁ.
laundry [΄lɔ:ndri] n Éí³óù³ïáõÝ. send one’s take the ~ into one’s own hands ³é³Ýó ¹³-
washing to the ~ Éí³óùÁ Éí³óù³ïáõÝ áõ- ï³ñ³ÝÇ ¹³ï³ëï³Ý ï»ëÝ»É:
law-abiding 472 laziness

law-abiding [΄lɔ:ə‚baidiŋ] a ûñÇݳå³Ñ, Ý»É. ~ foundations ÑÇÙù ·ó»É. ~ the table ë»-
ûñ»ÝùÇÝ Ñݳ½³Ý¹: Õ³Ý ·ó»É. I can’t ~ hands on that magazine â»Ù
law-breaker [΄lɔ:‚breikə] n Çñ³í³Ë³Ëï, ϳñáÕ³ÝáõÙ ³Ûë ³Ùë³·ÇñÁ Ó»éù ·ó»É.
ûñÇݳ˳Ëï. ѳÝó³·áñÍ: The city was laid flat ø³Õ³ùÁ ³í»ñí»É
lawful [΄lɔ:fl] a ûñÇݳϳÝ. ~ instrument ûñÇ- ¿ñ/·»ïÝÇÝ ¿ñ ѳí³ë³ñ»óí»É. ~ bare Ù»ñ-
Ý³Ï³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ. without ~ cause/reason ϳóÝ»É. ~ open μ³ó»É, μ³ó³Ñ³Ûï»É. ~ eggs
³é³Ýó ûñÇÝ³Ï³Ý å³ï׳éÇ: Óáõ ³Í»É. ~ a tax ѳñÏ ¹Ý»É. ~a burden μ»é
lawless [΄lɔ:ləs] a ³åûñÇÝÇ, ³ÝûñÇݳϳÝ. ¹Ý»É Ù»ÏÇ íñ³. ~ claim å³Ñ³Ýç Ý»ñϳ۳ó-
ë³ÝÓ³ñÓ³Ï: Ý»É ~ a trap óϳñ¹ ¹Ý»É. ~ plans Íñ³·ñ»ñ
law-maker [΄lɔ:‚meikə] n ûñ»Ýë¹Çñ: ϳ½Ù»É. The scene is laid óïñ. ¶áñÍáÕáõ-
law-making [΄lɔ:‚meikiŋ] n ûñÇݳëï»ÕÍ/û- ÃÛáõÝÁ ï»ÕÇ ¿ áõÝ»ÝáõÙ. ~ aside ÙÇ ÏáÕÙ
ñ»Ýë¹ñ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛáõÝ: ¹Ý»É. ËݳۻÉ. ~ down ó³Í ¹Ý»É. ~ down one’s
lawn I [lɔ:n] n ëǽ³Ù³ñ·, ÷áùñ Ù³ñ·³- life ÷Ëμ. ÏÛ³ÝùÁ ¹Ý»É. ~ down wine ·ÇÝÇÝ
·»ïÇÝ. ·³½áÝ. tennis ~ ûÝÇëÇ Ññ³å³- ÑݳóÝ»É/áñ³Ï³íáñ»É. ~ in Ùûñ»É, å³ß³-
ñ³Ï: ñ»É. ~ in stores å³ß³ñ ¹Ý»É. ~ stress Áݹ-
lawn II [lɔ:n] n μ³ïÇëï (·áñÍí³Íù): ·Í»É. ~ on ¹Ý»É. ~ on thick colours Ý»ñÏÁ
lawnmower [΄lɔ:n‚məuə] n ·³½áÝ ÑÝÓáÕ Ñ³ëï ß»ñïáí ùë»É/¹Ý»É. ~ off a risk éÇëÏÇó
Ù»ù»Ý³: ³å³Ñáí³·ñí»É. ~ out a large sum Ù»Í ·áõ-
lawny I [΄lɔ:ni] a μ³ïÇëïÇ, μ³ïÇëï»: Ù³ñ Ý»ñ¹Ý»É. ~ out a garden ³Û·ÇÝ Ý³Ë³-
lawny II [΄lɔ:ni] a ëǽ³Ù³ñ·»ñáí ѳñáõëï. ·Í»É/ѳï³Ï³·Í»É. be laid up with a broken
·³½áݳ߳ï: leg å³éÏ»É áïùÇ Ïáïñí³ÍùÇ å³ï׳éáí£
lawsuit [΄lɔ:sju:t] n ¹³ï³Ï³Ý åñáó»ë, ¹³- lay [lei] n ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ, íÇ׳Ï:
ï³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ûó. be involved in a ~ ¹³- lay [lei] a ³ß˳ñÑÇÏ. áã Ù³ëݳ·Çï³Ï³Ý£
ï³íÇ×»É, ¹³ïÇ Ù»ç ÙïÝ»É. bring a ~ against layabout [΄leiə‚baut] n ËëÏó. ³Ýμ³Ý, ¹³-
ѳÛó/·áñÍ Ñ³ñáõó»É: ï³ñϳåáñï. ó÷³é³ßñçÇÏ:
law-term [΄lɔ:‚tə:m] n Çñ³í³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý layaway [΄leiəwei] n Ñ»ï ¹Ý»ÉÁ. ËݳÛáÕáõ-
ï»ñÙÇÝ. ¹³ï³Ï³Ý Ýëï³ßñç³Ý: ÃÛáõÝ. ³åñ³ÝùÁ ·Ýáñ¹Ç ѳٳñ å³Ñ»ÉÁ. ~
lawyer [΄lɔ:jə] n ÷³ëï³μ³Ý, Çñ³í³μ³Ý, plan ËݳÛáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Íñ³·Çñ:
ûñ»Ýë·»ï. company/corporation ~ Çñ³í³- lay-by [΄leibai] n (³íïá)ϳݷ³é:
ËáñÑñ¹³ïáõ. ~’s office ÷³ëï³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý layer [΄leiə] n ß»ñï, ˳í. a thin ~ of snow
·ñ³ë»ÝÛ³Ï. ~‘s fees ÷³ëï³μ³ÝÇ ÑáÝá- ÓÛ³Ý μ³ñ³Ï ß»ñï. ~ cake ß»ñï³íáñ
ñ³ñ: ÃËí³Íù. (³ÍáÕ Ñ³í) This hen is a good ~
lax [læks] a ³Ý÷áõÛÃ, ÷ÝÃÇ, ó÷Ã÷í³Í. be ²Ûë ѳíÁ ɳí Óí»ñ ¿ ³ÍáõÙ:
~ about one’s dress/work ѳ·áõëïÇ/³ß˳- layette [lei΄et] n Ýáñ³ÍÝÇ ûÅÇï:
ï³ÝùÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ ó÷Ã÷í³Í/÷ÝÃÇ. lay-figure [‚lei΄figə] n ٳݻϻÝ. (Ù³ñ¹áõ
(ÃáõÛÉ, áã ËÇëï) too ~ with the children »ñ»- Ù³ëÇÝ) áãÝãáõÃÛáõÝ:
˳ݻñÇÝ ã³÷³½³Ýó ß³ï ³½³ïáõÃÛáõÝ layman [΄leimən] n ³ß˳ñѳϳÝ, ³ß˳ñ-
ï³É/ËÇëï ãÉÇÝ»É. a ~ teacher áã ËÇëï/ÉÇμ»- ÑÇÏ Ù³ñ¹:
ñ³É ¹³ë³ïáõ. ~ discipline ÃáõÛÉ Ï³ñ·³å³- layoff [΄leiɒf] n ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³-
ÑáõÃÛáõÝ. Standards are ~ nowadays â³÷³- ϳíáñ ÁݹѳïáõÙ. ѳñϳ¹ñí³Í ·áñͳ-
ÝÇßÝ»ñÁ ß³ï »Ý Ãáõɳó»É/³½³ï ³Ûëûñ: ½ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
laxative [΄læksətiv] n, a ÉáõÍáճϳÝ. ÉáõÍáÕ, layout [΄leiaut] n ݳ˳·ÇÍ, ѳï³Ï³·ÇÍ.
ÃáõɳóÝáÕ: ~ of an exhibition ÝÙáõßÝ»ñÇ ï»Õ³μ³ßËáõÙÁ
laxity [΄læksəti] n ÃáõÉáõÃÛáõÝ, ó÷Ã÷í³- óáõó³Ñ³Ý¹»ëáõÙ:
ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ÝáñáßáõÃÛáõÝ: laze [leiz] v ËëÏó. ÍáõÉáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É, Íáõɳ-
lay [lei] v ¹Ý»É. ~ a carpet/bricks ϳñå»ï ݳÉ. ~ in the sun ³ñ¨Ç ï³Ï ÍáõÉáñ»Ý å³é-
÷é»É. ³ÕÛáõë ß³ñ»É. ~ parquet/lino Ù³Ýñ³- Ï»É:
ѳï³Ï ß³ñ»É. ÉÇÝáÉ»áõÙ ÷é»É. ~ a cabel/ laziness [΄leiznəs] n ÍáõÉáõÃÛáõÝ, ³É³ñÏá-
pipes Ù³ÉáõË (ϳμ»É)/ËáÕáí³Ï ³Ýóϳó- ïáõÃÛáõÝ:
lazy 473 leak

lazy [΄leizi] a ÍáõÛÉ ³É³ñÏáï. be ~ ÍáõɳݳÉ, out ¹áõñë μ»ñ»É. ~ up ÙÇ μ³ÝÇ Ñ³ëóÝ»É:
³É³ñ»É. feel too ~ to ÍáõÉ³Ý³É (áñ¨¿ μ³Ý leaden [΄ledn] a ϳå³ñÇ, ϳå³ñ³ÛÇÝ.
³Ý»É): ÷Ëμ. ×ÝßáÕ, ͳÝñ. ·áñß, Ùé³ÛÉ. ÙáõÃ. ~ sky
lazybones [΄leizi‚bəuns] n ÍáõÛÉ/³É³ñÏáï ϳå³ñ³·áõÛÝ »ñÏÇÝù:
Ù³ñ¹: leader [΄li:də] n ³é³çÝáñ¹, ջϳí³ñ,
leach [li:t∫] n, v ÙáËñ³çáõñ. ÙáËñ³çñÇ Ù»ç å³ñ³·ÉáõË. ûñÃÇ ³é³çÝáñ¹áÕ Ñá¹í³Í.
Éí³Ý³É: (Ýí³·³ËÙμÇ) ³é³çÇÝ çáõóÏ. ~ writer
lead I [led] n ϳå³ñ, ³ñ×Ç×. white ~ ϳå³- ³é³çÝáñ¹áÕ Ñá¹í³ÍÝ»ñ ·ñáÕ. political ~s
ñ³ÛÇÝ ëåÇï³Ï³Ý»ñÏ. red ~ ϳñÙñ³¹»Õ: ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý ³é³çÝáñ¹Ý»ñ. indigenous ~
lead II [li:d] n ջϳí³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ݳ˳ӻé- μݳÍÇÝ ³é³çÝáñ¹/ջϳí³ñ. the ~ of the
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ³é³çÇÝ, ³é³ç³ï³ñ ï»ÕÁ. ¿É. tribe ó»ÕÇ ³é³çÝáñ¹/ó»Õ³å»ï. the ~ of the
ɳñ, ѳÕáñ¹³É³ñ. be in the/take the ~ ³- gang μ³Ý¹³ÛÇ å³ñ³·ÉáõË. project ~ ݳ-
é³çÝáñ¹»É, ݳ˳ӻéÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ Çñ Ó»éùÁ ˳·ÍÇ Õ»Ï³í³ñ£
í»ñóÝ»É. be still in the ~ ß³ñáõÝ³Ï»É ³é³ç- leadership [΄li:də∫ip] n ջϳí³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ad-
Ýáñ¹»É. lose the ~ ÏáñóÝ»É ³é³çÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ. ministrative ~ í³ñã³Ï³Ý ϳé³í³ñáõÙ. ~
It’s your ~ ÃÕÃË. Ò»ñ Ñ»ñÃÝ ¿/˳ÕÝ ¿. play qualities ջϳí³ñÇ Ñ³ïϳÝÇßÝ»ñ:
the ~ óïñ. ·É˳íáñ ¹»ñÁ ϳï³ñ»É. take leading [΄li:diŋ] a ³Ï³Ý³íáñ. ·É˳íáñ.
the ~ ݳ˳ӻéÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ Çñ íñ³ í»ñóÝ»É. ³é³çÝáñ¹áÕ. a ~ role ·É˳íáñ ¹»ñ. a ~
give the police a ~ áëïÇϳÝáõÃÛ³ÝÁ Ñ»ïùÇ politician ѳÛïÝÇ/Ëáßáñ ù³Õ³ù³·»ï. ~
íñ³ ¹áõñë μ»ñ»É. ~ country ³é³ç³ï³ñ counsel Çñ³í. ³é³ç³ï³ñ ÷³ëï³μ³Ý. ~
»ñÏÇñ. follow the ~ ûñÇݳÏÇÝ Ñ»ï¨»É. give lady ÷Ëμ. ·É˳íáñ ¹»ñ³Ï³ï³ñáõÑÇ. a ~
smb a ~ ûñÇÝ³Ï óáõÛó ï³É. (ß³Ý í½³÷áÏ) question ÑáõßáÕ Ñ³ñó. the ~ horse Ùñ½. ³é³-
The dog was on a ~ ÞáõÝÁ í½³Ï³åáí ¿ñ: ç³ï³ñ ÓÇ. ÑÙÏñ·. leading ÙÇçïáÕ³ã³÷£
lead [li:d] v ï³Ý»É, í³ñ»É, ³é³çÝáñ¹»É. ~ leading-strings [΄li:diŋstriŋz] n ù³ÛɳÃáÏ,
along the road/through the forest/to the manager ù³Ûɳë³ÝÓ. be in ~ ë³ÝÓÁ Ù»ÏÇÝ ï³É/
÷áÕáóÇ »ñϳÛÝùáí/³Ýï³éÇ ÙÇçáí/ïÝû- »ÝóñÏí»É:
ñ»ÝÇ Ùáï ï³Ý»É. ~ the way ³éç¨Çó ·Ý³É, lead-off [΄li:d‚ɒf] n ëÏǽμ:
Ñ»ï¨Çó ï³Ý»É. ~ by the hand Ó»éùÇó μéÝ³Í leaf [li:f] n μëμ. ï»ñ¨. (·ñùÇ) ûñÃ. ¿ç. The
ï³Ý»É. ~ nowhere áã ÙÇ ï»Õ ãï³Ý»É. áñ¨¿ trees are in ~ ̳é»ñÁ ï»ñ¨³Ï³É»É »Ý. loose
³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÇ ãμ»ñ»É. (³é³çÝáñ¹»É, ջϳí³- ~ Ý»ñ¹Çñ ¿ç. take over a new ~ ÷Ëμ. Ýáñ
ñ»É) ~ the expedition/the army ³ñß³í³ËáõÙ- ÏÛ³Ýù ëÏë»É. take a ~ out of smb’s book ÷Ëμ.
μÁ/μ³Ý³ÏÁ ջϳí³ñ»É. ~ the procession/ Ù»ÏÇó ûñÇÝ³Ï í»ñóÝ»É. ~ of a table ë»Õ³ÝÇ
crowd ó÷áñÇ/³ÙμáËÇ ³éç¨Çó ·Ý³É. (³é- ͳÉáíÇ ï³Ëï³Ï:
ç¨áõÙ ÉÇÝ»É) ~ by ten points ï³ëÁ Ùdzíáñáí leaf [li:f] v ï»ñ¨Ý»ñáí ͳÍÏ»É, ë³Õ³ñó-
³é³ç ÉÇÝ»É. The Swiss ~ the field in clock-
íáñ»É. ûñÃ»É (·ÇñùÁ):
making Þí»Ûó³ñ³Ï³Ý ýÇñٳݻñÁ ³é³ç-
leafage [΄li:fidз] n ë³Õ³ñÃ:
Ýáñ¹áÕ ï»Õ »Ý ·ñ³íáõ٠ųٳ·áñÍáõÃÛ³Ý
leafless [΄li:fləs] a ³Ýï»ñ¨, ï»ñ¨³½áõñÏ:
Ù»ç. (μ»ñ»É, ѳݷ»óÝ»É) ~ to crime ѳÝó³-
leaflet [΄li:flət] n ï»ñ¨ÇÏ, ûñÃÇÏ. ÃéáõóÇÏ:
·áñÍáõÃÛ³Ý μ»ñ»É. ~ to a conclusion »½ñ³-
leafy [΄li:fi] a ï»ñ¨³íáñ, ï»ñ¨³½³ñ¹:
ϳóáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ý·»óÝ»É. ~ to success ѳçá-
ÕáõÃÛ³Ý μ»ñ»É. (í³ñ»É) ~ a quiet life ѳÝ-
league [li:g] n ÙÇáõÃÛáõÝ, ÉÇ·³. in ~ with ¹³ß-
ݳÏó³Í. the L~ of Nations ²½·»ñÇ ÉÇ·³.
·Çëï ÏÛ³Ýù í³ñ»É. ~ double life »ñϳÏÇ
Ùñ½. ÉÇ·³ a ~ μ³ñÓñ³·áõÛÝ ÉÇ·³.
ÏÛ³Ýù í³ñ»É. ~ hearts ÃÕÃË. ÷áëÇÏÇó
·Ý³É/ù³ÛÉ ³Ý»É. (ï³Ý»É) The road ~s to the
league [li:g] v Ùdzíáñ(í)»É. ÙÇáõÃÛáõÝ/ÁÝÏ»-
ñ³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³½Ù»É:
village ֳݳå³ñÑÁ (¹»åÇ) ·ÛáõÕ ¿ ï³-
ÝáõÙ. ~ to nothing ÷Ëμ. áãÝãÇ ãμ»-
leak [li:k] n Ñáëù, ³Ýóù, μ³óí³Íù. spring/
start a ~ Ñáëù ï³É. stop/plug a ~ ÑáëùÁ ϳݷ-
ñ»É/ãѳëóÝ»É. ~ away ï³Ý»É, Ñ»é³óÝ»É. ~
back Ñ»ï μ»ñ»É/ï³Ý»É. This ~s us back ê³ Ý»óÝ»É, ³ÝóùÁ ÷³Ï»É. ~ of gas ·³½Ç Ñáëù.
Ù»½ í»ñ³¹³ñÓÝáõÙ ¿. ~ off ëÏë»É, μ³ó»É. ~ Ñáë³Ïáñáõëï. ~ out ¹áõñë Ñáë»É/Íáñ³É. a
leak 474 least

security ~ ÷Ëμ. ·³ÕïÝÇ ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛ³Ý learn [lə:n] v ëáíáñ»É, áõë³Ý»É, ͳÝáó-


Ñáëù: ݳÉ. ~ by heart ³Ý·Çñ ³Ý»É, μ»ñ³Ý³óÇ ëá-
leak [li:k] v Ñáë ï³É, ¹áõñë Íáñ»É. ÷Ëμ. ó- íáñ»É. ~ from one’s mistakes ë˳ÉÝ»ñÇó ëá-
÷³Ýó»É, ï³ñ³Íí»É (·³ÕïÝÇùÇ Ù³ëÇÝ). ~ íáñ»É. ~ a trade ³ñÑ»ëï ëáíáñ»É. (ÇٳݳÉ,
out ¹áõñë Íáñ³É/Ñáë»É. The pail is ~ing ¸áõÛÉÁ ѳÛïݳμ»ñ»É) ~ the news ÝáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ
çáõñ ¿ μ³ó ÃáÕÝáõÙ. Smb ~ed the information ÇٳݳÉ. ~ up all one can ÇÙ³Ý³É ÇÝã
ÆÝã-áñ Ù»ÏÁ ·³ÕïÝÇùÁ ¹áõñë ÃáÕ»ó. The Ñݳñ³íáñ ¿/ϳñáÕ »ë. We ~t about it from
roof is ~ing ÎïáõñÁ ϳÃáõÙ ¿. The news has the radio Ø»Ýù ³Û¹ Ù³ëÇÝ é³¹ÇáÛÇó »Ýù
~ed to the press ÈáõñÁ ó÷³Ýó»É ¿ Ù³ÙáõÉ: ÇÙ³ÝáõÙ. ~ one’s lesson ÷Ëμ. ¹³ë ëï³-
leakage [΄li:kidз] n Ñáëù, Ñáë³Ïáñáõëï. ݳÉ/ÉÇÝ»É. I’ll ~ him ºë Ýñ³Ý óáõÛó/¹³ë
¹áõñë Ñáë»ÉÁ. ó÷³Ýó»ÉÁ, ï³ñ³Íí»ÉÁ: Ïï³Ù. ~ to be patient ëáíáñ»É ѳÙμ»ñ»É:
leaky [΄li:ki] a ϳÃáÕ, ͳÏ, Ñ»ÕáõÏ ³Ýóϳó- learned [lə:nd] a μ³ÝÇÙ³ó, Ëáñ³·Çï³Ï.
ÝáÕ. The boat is ~ ܳí³ÏÁ Í³Ï ¿. ~ boots ·ÇïݳϳÝ, ·ÇïáõÝ. ~ people ·Çï³Ï Ù³ñ-
Í³Ï ÏáßÇÏÝ»ñ: ¹ÇÏ:
lean [li:n] n ÝÇѳñ, íïÇï. ³Ý׳ñå. a ~ learner [΄lə:nə] n ëáíáñáÕ, ³ß³Ï»ñï. a ~
horse/ man ÝÇѳñ ÓÇ/Ù³ñ¹. as ~ as a rake driver ³ß³Ï»ñï í³ñáñ¹. advanced/slow ~
ï³ß»ÕÇ ÝÙ³Ý ÝÇѳñ. ~ meat ³Ý׳ñå ÙÇë. ³é³ç³¹»Ù/ÃáõÛÉ ³ß³Ï»ñï:
grow ~ ÝÇѳñ»É. (áã ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï, ³Ý³ñ¹- learning [΄lə:niŋ] n áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ.
Ûáõݳí»ï) a ~ year ³Ýμ»ññÇ ï³ñÇ. aca- áõëáõÙ, ÏñÃáõÃÛáõÝ, ·Çï»ÉÇù. ~ period/
demically ~ year í³ï ³é³ç³¹ÇÙáõÃÛ³Ý process áõëÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³ßñç³Ý. áõëáõÙ-
áõëáõÙÝ³Ï³Ý ï³ñÇ: ݳéáõÃÛ³Ý ·áñÍÁÝóó. a man of ~ ·Çïݳ-
lean [li:n] v Ñ»Ýí»É, ûùí»É, Ïé³Ý³É. ~ the ϳÝ, ɳÛÝ ·Çï»ÉÇùÝ»ñÇ ï»ñ Ù³ñ¹:
ladder against the wall ³ëïÇ׳ÝÁ å³ïÇÝ lease [li:s] n í³ñӳϳÉáõÃÛáõÝ, í³ñÓáí ï³-
ѻݻÉ. ~ the head back ·ÉáõËÁ Ñ»ï ûù»É. ÉÁ. by/on ~ í³ñÓáí. the terms of the ~ í³ñ-
Don’t ~ your elbows on the table ²ñÙáõÝÏÝ»ñÁ ӳϳÉáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ. long/short ~ »ñ-
ë»Õ³ÝÇÝ ÙÇ Ñ»Ý»ù. ~ on a stick Ó»éݳ- ϳñ³Å³ÙÏ»ï/ϳñ׳ųÙÏ»ï í³ñӳϳ-
÷³ÛïÇÝ Ñ»Ýí»É. (ÑáõÛë ¹Ý»É, ³å³íÇÝ»É) ÉáõÃÛáõÝ. The ~ expires in ...ì³ñӳϳÉáõ-
He ~s on his son ܳ ÑáõÛëÁ ¹ñ»É ¿ Çñ áñ¹áõ ÃÛ³Ý Å³ÙÏ»ïÁ Éñ³ÝáõÙ ¿... give a new ~ of
íñ³. He ~s on her for guidance ܳ íëï³ÑáõÙ life Ýáñ áõÅ»ñ/ÏÛ³Ýù ï³É:
¿ ³Û¹ ÏÝáç ϳñÍÇùÇÝ. ~ towards the view leasehold [΄li:shəuld] a, n í³ñӳϳÉí³Í,
ϳñÍÇùÇÝ Ñ³Ïí»É: í³ñÓáí í»ñóñ³Í. í³ñÓáí í»ñóñ³Í ϳÉ-
leaning [΄li:niŋ] n ѳÏáõÙ, ѳÏí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. í³Íù. ~ property í³ñӳϳÉí³Í ë»÷³Ï³-
have ~s towards smth áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ Ñ³ÏáõÙ áõ- ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
ݻݳÉ: leaseholder [΄li:shəuldə] n í³ñӳϳÉ, í³ñ-
lean-to [΄li:ntu:] n Ïó³Ï³éáõÛó: ÓáÕ£
leap [li:p] n ÃéÇãù, ó³ïÏ, áëïÛáõÝ. difficult/ leash [li:∫]1. n ßݳϳå, ßݳÏáÃ. hold in ~
dangerous ~ ¹Åí³ñ/íï³Ý·³íáñ áëïÛáõÝ. in ÷Ëμ. ë³ÝÓ»É, ½ëå»É, ë³Ýӳѳñ»É. 2. v
one ~ Ù»Ï ó³ïÏáí. a great ~ forward ÷Ëμ. ϳåáí å³Ñ»É, ϳå»É (ßÝ»ñÇÝ):
Ù»Í ÃéÇãù (³é³ç˳ճóáõÙ). a ~ in the dark least [li:st] n ³Ù»Ý³ùÇãÁ. say the ~(of it) Ù»ÕÙ
íï³Ý·³íáñ ù³ÛÉ: ³ë³Í. at ~ ѳٻݳÛÝ ¹»åë, μáÉáñ ¹»åù»-
leap [li:p] v Ãéã»É, ó³ïÏ»É. ~ the fence ñáõÙ. in the ~ Ýí³½³·áõÛÝ ã³÷áí. not in the
ó³Ýϳå³ïÇ íñ³ÛÇó ó³ïÏ»É. ~ out of the ~ ³Ù»Ý¨ÇÝ, μݳí. the ~ you must do Ýí³-
window å³ïáõѳÝÇó ¹áõñë Ãéã»É. ~ up and ½³·áõÛÝÁ, áñ å»ïù ¿ ³ñíÇ:
down í»ñáõí³ñ ó³ïÏ»É. ~ at the opportunity least [li:st] a ³Ù»Ý³÷áùñ, Ýí³½³·áõÛÝ. the ~
ϳéã»É Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÇó. Look before of chance Ýí³½³·áõÛÝ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ.
you ~ ܳÛÇñª û áõñ »ë ÃéãáõÙ: the ~ possible time Ñݳñ³íáñÇÝ ³Ù»Ý³-
leap-day [΄li:pdei] n ÷»ïñí³ñÇ ùë³ÝÇÝÁ: ϳñ× Å³Ù³Ý³ÏáõÙ. without the ~ hesitation
leap-frog [΄li:pfrɒg] n Çͳ߳ñáõÏ (˳Õ): μ³ó³ñӳϳå»ë ³é³Ýó ï³ï³Ýí»Éáõ. the
leap-year [΄li:pjiə] n ݳѳÝç ï³ñÇ: ~ of worries ³Ù»Ý³ùÇã ³Ýѳݷëï³óÝáÕ
least 475 leech

μ³ÝÁ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ significant bit Ïñïë»ñ μÇÃ. ~ ѳë³ÏáõÙ. He left his wife ܳ Éù»ó Çñ
significant digit Ïñïë»ñ ϳñ·Ç Ãí³Ýß³Ý. ~ ÏÝáçÁ. The train left the rails ¶Ý³óùÁ é»É-
squares method ³Ù»Ý³÷áùñ ù³é³Ïáõ- ë»ñÇó ¹áõñë »Ï³í. (·Ý³É, Ñ»é³Ý³É) The
ëÇÝ»ñÇ Ù»Ãá¹: train ~s at 3 am ¶Ý³óùÁ Ù»ÏÝáõÙ ¿ ųÙÇ
least [li:st] adv ³Ù»Ý³÷áùñ ã³÷áí, ³Ù»ÝÇó »ñ»ùÇÝ. The flight ~s ÆÝùݳÃÇéÁ (ÃéÇãùÁ)
³í»ÉÇ ùÇã. the ~ able student ³Ù»Ý³- ÃéãáõÙ ¿ … ~ about/around ãáñë ÏáÕÙÁ ó-
³ÝÁݹáõÝ³Ï ³ß³Ï»ñïÁ. ~ of all μáÉáñÇó ÷»É/·ó»É. ~ the toys around ˳ճÉÇùÝ»ñÁ
³í»ÉÇ ùÇã, ³Ù»Ý³ùÇã. not the ~ tired μá- ·ó»É áñï»Õ å³ï³ÑÇ. ~ behind ÃáÕÝ»É,
ÉáñáíÇÝ ãÑá·Ý³Í. He wasn’t the ~ interested Ùáé³Ý³É. ~ off ¹³¹³ñ»É, í»ñç ï³É ëá-
ܳ μáÉáñáíÇÝ ß³Ñ³·ñ·éí³Í ã¿ñ: íáñáõÃÛ³ÝÁ. The rain has left off ²ÝÓñ¨Á
leastways, leastwise [΄li:stweiz, ΄li:stwaiz] Ïïñí»É ¿. ~ off arguing ì»ñç ïí»ù í»×ÇÝ. ~
adv ѳٻݳÛÝ ¹»åë: out μ³ó ÃáÕÝ»É. feel left out Çñ»Ý ³í»Éáñ¹
leather [΄leðə] n ϳßÇ, ϳßí»Õ»Ý. ~s ϳßí» ½·³É:
³Ý¹ñ³í³ñïÇù. patent ~ ɳù³Í ϳßÇ. Mo- leaven [΄levn] n ÃÃËÙáñ. ÷Ëμ. ³½¹»óáõ-
rocco ~ ë»Ï, ë³ýÛ³Ý(³ÛÍÇ Ï³ßÇ). ~ goods ÃÛáõÝ, Ý»ñ·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ:
ϳßí» Çñ»ñ. ~ binding ϳßí» Ï³½Ù: leaver [΄li:və] n ßñç³Ý³í³ñï. Ñ»é³ó³Í.
leatherette [‚leðə΄ret] n ³ñÑ»ëï³Ï³Ý certified/graduated ~ íϳ۳·ñÛ³É/¹ÇåÉáÙ³-
ϳßÇ: íáñ ßñç³Ý³í³ñï. school ~s ¹åñáóÇ ßñç³-
leather-head [΄leðəhed] n ѳëï³·ÉáõË. ݳí³ñïÝ»ñ.
μóÙÇï Ù³ñ¹: leavings [΄li:viŋz] n Ùݳóáñ¹Ý»ñ, ó÷áÝ-
leathery [΄leðəri] a ϳ߻ÝÙ³Ý. åÇݹ. The Ý»ñ, ï³Ï³ÝùÝ»ñ:
meat is ~ ØÇëÁ áÝó áñ ϳßÇ ÉÇÝÇ: lecherous [΄let∫ərəs] a ³Ý³é³Ï, Ñ»ßï³ë»ñ:
leave [li:v] n ÃáõÛÉïíáõÃÛáõÝ. by your ~ Ó»ñ lecture [΄lekt∫ə] n ¹³ë³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝ. give/de-
ÃáõÛÉïíáõÃÛ³Ùμ. (³ñÓ³Ïáõñ¹ ) (ݳ¨ ~ of liver a ~ ¹³ë³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³ñ¹³É. give smb
absence) be on ~ ³ñÓ³Ïáõñ¹áõÙ ÉÇÝ»É. with- a ~ Ïßï³Ùμ»É, ݳ˳ï»É. ~ theatre Éë³ñ³Ý.
out pay/unpaid ~ ³Ýí׳ñ ³ñÓ³Ïáõñ¹. sick ~ ~ tour ßñç³·³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ ¹³ë³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝÝ»-
ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛ³Ý ³ñÓ³Ïáõñ¹. maternity ~ ñáí:
ÑÕÇáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ÍÝݹ³μ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñÓ³Ïáõñ¹. lecture [΄lekt∫ə] v ¹³ë³Ëáë»É, ¹³ë³Ëáëáõ-
(Ññ³Å»ßï) take ~ Ññ³Å»ßï ï³É. take French ÃÛáõÝ Ï³ñ¹³É. ~ on history å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ
~ ³é³Ýó Ññ³Å»ßï ï³Éáõ Ñ»é³Ý³É. take ~ ¹³ë³í³Ý¹»É. Stop lecturing me! ´³í³Ï³Ý
of one’s senses ÷Ëμ. Ë»ÉùÁ ÏáñóÝ»É: ¿ ÇÝÓ Ëñ³ï»ë:
leave [li:v] v ·Ý³É, Ù»ÏÝ»É, Ñ»é³Ý³É. It’s time lecturer [΄lekt∫ərə] n ¹³ë³Ëáë. guest ~ Ññ³-
we left Ø»ñ ·Ý³Éáõ ųٳݳÏÝ ¿. ~ it to me íÇñí³Í ¹³ë³Ëáë/½»ÏáõóáÕ:
¸³ ÇÝÓ ÃáÕ»ù. ~ all alone ÉñÇí Ù»Ý³Ï ÃáÕ- lectureship [΄lekt∫ə∫ip] n ¹³ë³ËáëÇ å³ß-
Ý»É. ~ the question open ѳñóÁ μ³ó ÃáÕÝ»É. ïáÝ. He’s got a ~ at Oxford ܳ ¹³ë³ËáëÇ
Let’s ~ it at that ºÏ»ù ¹³ ³Û¹å»ë ¿É ÃáÕÝ»Ýù. å³ßïáÝ ¿ ëï³ó»É úùëýáñ¹áõÙ:
~ much to be desired μ³í³ñ³ñ ÉÇÝ»Éáõó Ñ»- lecturing [΄lekt∫əriŋ] n ¹³ë³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝ. do
éáõ ÉÇÝ»É. Some things are better left unsaid ~ ¹³ë³Ëáë»É, ¹³ë³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³ñ¹³É:
àñáß μ³Ý»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ ³í»ÉÇ É³í ¿ ãËáë»É. ledge [ledз] n »Éáõëï, ¹³ñ³Ï. window ~
Take it or ~ it ÆÝãå»ë Ïáõ½»ù. ~ it undone/un- å³ïáõѳÝÇ ·á·:
said ³Û¹å»ë ¿É ã³Ý»É/ã³ë»É. (ųé³Ý·áõ- ledger [΄ledзə] n Ñßíå. Ù³Ûñ Ù³ïÛ³Ý. pay-
ÃÛáõÝ ÃáÕÝ»É) He left everything to his son ܳ roll ~ ³ß˳ï³í³ñÓÇ ·Çñù:
³Ù»Ý ÇÝã ÃáÕ»ó Çñ áñ¹áõÝ. He left an unfin- ledger-bait [΄ledзəbeit] n (ϳñÃÇ) ˳ÛÍ:
ished novel Üñ³ÝÇó Ñ»ïá Ùݳó ÙÇ ³Ý³- lee [li:] n ù³Ùáõó å³ßïå³Ýí³Í ÏáÕÙ.
í³ñï í»å. (ÙݳÉ) How many are left? ø³- å³ßïå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ³å³ëï³ñ³Ý. under the
ÝDZëÝ »Ý Ùݳó»É. We have an hour left Ø»½ ÙÇ ~ of å³ßïå³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï. the ~ side ݳíÇ
ų٠¿ Ùݳó»É. I have no money left ÆÝÓ Ùáï ÑáÕٳѳϳé³Ï ÏáÕÙÁ:
÷áÕ ãÇ Ùݳó»É. (ÃáÕÝ»É. Éù»É) They ~ school leech [li:t∫] n ï½ñáõÏ. ÷Ëμ. ³ñÛáõݳñμáõ/
at 16 ¸åñáóÝ ³í³ñïáõÙ »Ý 16 ï³ñ»Ï³Ý ßáñÃáÕ Ù³ñ¹:
leek 476 legend

leek [li:k] n μëμ. åñ³ë (ëáËÇ ï»ë³Ï). eat Ù»ÏÇÝ ÑÇÙ³ñ³óÝ»É. have no ~ to stand on áã
the/ one’s ~ íÇñ³íáñ³ÝùÁ ÏáõÉ ï³É: ÙÇ ³ñ¹³ñ³óáõÙ ãáõݻݳÉ. no ~ room (in the
leer [liə]1. n Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏ/ó³Ýϳë»ñ/˻à ѳ- car) áïù ¹Ý»Éáõ ï»Õ ãϳ (Ù»ù»Ý³ÛáõÙ).
Û³óù. 2. v He ~ed at her ܳ Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏ/˻à (ϳÑáõÛùÇ áïù) ~ of the table ë»Õ³ÝÇ áïù.
ѳ۳óù Ó·»ó ÏÝáç íñ³: (áõï»ÉÇù) ~ of lamb, mutton/pork ·³-
leery [΄liəri] a ËëÏó. Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏ: é³Ý/áã˳ñÇ/Ëá½Ç ³½¹ñ/μáõ¹. run one’s ~s
lees [li:z] n Ýëïí³Íù, Ùñáõñ, Ùݳóáñ¹Ý»ñ. off áïùÇó/ѳÉÇó ÁÝÏÝ»É:
drink/drain to the ~ ÙÇÝ㨠í»ñç ËÙ»É.÷Ëμ. legacy [΄legəsi] n ųé³Ý·áõÃÛáõÝ. general ~
÷áñÓáõÃÛ³Ý μ³Å³ÏÁ ÙÇÝ㨠í»ñç ËÙ»É: ѳë³ñ³Ï Ïï³ÏáõÙ. specific ~ ѳïáõÏ
leeward [΄li:wəd] n ÑáÕٳѳϳé³Ï ÏáÕÙ: Ïï³ÏáõÙ. alternate ~ Éñ³óáõóÇã ųé³Ý·áõ-
leeway [΄li:wei] n Íáí., ³í. ËáïáñáõÙ ù³- ÃÛáõÝ. ~ duty ѳñÏ Å³é³Ý·áõÃÛáõÝÇó. ~ be-
Ùáõ áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï. ¹ñ»Ûý. ù³Ùáõ ùᯐ queath/devise/give a ~ ųé³Ý·áõÃÛáõÝ ÃnÕ-
ï³Ý»ÉÁ. make up ~ ¹áõñë ·³É ¹Åí³ñ ¹ñáõ- Ý»É. ÑÙÏñ·. Ñݳųé³Ý·£
ÃÛáõÝÇó: legal [΄li:gl] a ûñÇݳϳÝ, ûñÇݳϳݳóí³Í,
left [left] n Ó³Ë ÏáÕÙ/è. keep to the ~ Ó³Ë Çñ³í³Ï³Ý. É»·³É. ~ owner/government/cla-
ÏáÕÙáí ·Ý³É. go/turn to the ~ ßñçí»É ¹»åÇ im/document ûñÇÝ³Ï³Ý ë»÷³Ï³Ý³ï»ñ-
Ó³Ë. to the ~ of ¹»åÇ Ó³Ë. from ~ to right /ϳé³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝ/å³Ñ³Ýç/÷³ëï³ÃáõÕÃ.
Ó³ËÇó ³ç. the ~ ùÕù. ӳ˻ñÁ. politics of the ~ year ûñ³óáõó³ÛÇÝ ï³ñÇ. ~ abuse ûñ»ÝùÇ
~ ӳ˻ñÇ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ. L~ about ã³ñ³ß³ÑáõÙ. ~ advice Çñ³í³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý
face! é½Ù. Ò³Ë ¹³°ñÓ: ËáñÑñ¹³ïíáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ expert ¹³ï³Ï³Ý
left [left] a Ó³Ë. ~ eye/bank/side Ó³Ë ³ãù/ ÷áñÓ³·»ï, the ~ faculty Çñ³í³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý
³÷/ÏáÕÙ. on the ~ side of the street ÷áÕáóÇ ý³ÏáõÉï»ï. ~ action ¹³ï³Ï³Ý ѳÛó. ~ age
Ó³Ë ÏáÕÙáõÙ. ~ back/wing Ùñ½. Ó³Ë å³ßï- ·áñÍáõݳÏáõÃÛ³Ý ï³ñÇù. ~ capacity Çñ³-
å³Ý/è ~ wing extremist Ó³Ë Í³Ûñ³Ñ»Õ³- íáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ proceedings Çñ³í³Ï³Ý
ϳÝ. ·áñÍÁÝóó. ~ training Çñ³í³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý
left [left] adv Ó³Ë. turn ~ ßñçí»É Ó³Ë. ~ of ÏñÃáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ person Çñ³í³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý ³ÝÓ.
the door ¹éÝÇó ¹»åÇ Ó³Ë£ of ~ force ûñ»ÝùÇ áõÅ áõÝ»óáÕ. on ~ basis
left-hand [‚left΄hænd] a Ó³Ë, ӳ˳ÏáÕÙ- ûñ»ÝùÇ ÑÇÙ³Ý íñ³. ûñÇÝ³Ï³Ý ÑÇÙù»ñáí.
Û³Ý. Ó³Ë Ó»éùáí ³ñí³Í. a car with ~ drive ~ advise/office Çñ³í³Ï³Ý ËáñÑñ¹³ïíáõ-
ӳ˳ÏáÕÙÛ³Ý Õ»Ïáí Ù»ù»Ý³. a ~ turn Ó³Ë ÃÛáõÝ/·ñ³ë»ÝÛ³Ï. a ~ decision ¹³ï³ñ³ÝÇ
ßñç³¹³ñÓ: áñáßáõÙ. take ~ proceedings ¹³ï³Ï³Ý ·áñÍ
left-handed [‚left΄hændid] a Ó³ËÉÇÏ. ÷Ëμ. μ³Ý³É/ëÏë»É:
³ÝßÝáñÑù, ³Ý׳ñ³Ï. She/he is ~ ܳ legality [li΄gæləti] n ûñÇݳϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
Ó³ËÉÇÏ ¿: legalize [΄li:gəlaiz] v ûñÇݳϳݳóÝ»É. ~ the
left-hander [‚left΄hændə] n Ó³ËÉÇÏ: sale of alcohol ÃáõÛÉ ï³É/ûñÇݳϳݳóÝ»É
left–luggage office [΄left‚lΛgidз΄ɒfis] å³- ³ÉÏáÑáÉÇ í³×³éùÁ. ~ the signature ëïáñ³-
ѳë»ÝÛ³Ï (áõÕ»μ»éÇ): ·ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ѳëï³ï»É:
left-over [΄left‚əuvə] n áõï»ÉÇùÇ Ùݳóáñ¹ legate [΄legət] n ÐéáÙÇ å³åÇ ¹»ëå³Ý,
leftward(s) [΄leftwəd(z)] adv ¹»åÇ Ó³Ë. É»·³ï:
Ó³ËÇó: legate [li΄geit] v Ïï³Ï»É:
leg [leg] n áïù, ëñáõÝù. long/short/ slender legatee [‚legə΄ti:] n ųé³Ý·áñ¹ ųé³Ý·,
/shapely /lank /stout ~s »ñϳñ/ϳñ×/ μ³ñ»- Ïï³Ï³éáõ:
ϳ½Ù/·»Õ»óÇÏ/ μ³ñ³Ï/·»ñ áïù»ñ. crooked/ legation [li΄gei∫n] n ¹Çí³Ý³·Çï³-
swollen/sturdy ~ Íáõé/áõé³Í/áõÅ»Õ áïù»ñ. ϳÝ/å³ïÙ³Ï³Ý ³é³ù»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ/ÙÇëdz.
skeep one’s ~s áïùÇ íñ³ ÙݳÉ. be on one’s ¹Çí³Ý³·Çï³Ï³Ý Ý»ñϳ۳óãáõÃÛáõÝ. ~
~s áïùÇ íñ³ ÉÇÝ»É. give one a ~ up û·Ý»É asylum ³å³ëï³ñ³Ý ¹Çí³Ý³·Çï³Ï³Ý
μ³ñÓñ³Ý³É. shake a ~ å³ñ»É. stretch one’s Ý»ñϳ۳óãáõÃÛ³Ý ß»ÝùáõÙ. ~ quarter ¹»ë-
~s áïù»ñÁ Ù»ÏÝ»É (ݳ¨ ù³ÛÉ»É). trouser ~ å³Ý³Ï³Ý óճٳë:
(ï³μ³ïÇ) ÙÇ áïù. pull one’s ~ ÷Ëμ., ËëÏó. legend [΄ledзənd] n ³í³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝ, É»·»Ý¹.
legendary 477 lengthen

ٳϳ·ñáõÃÛáõÝ (¹ñ³ÙÇ/Ù»¹³ÉÇ ¨ ³ÛÉÝÇ ·Çëï/³Ýßï³å ׳Ù÷áñ¹áõÃÛáõÝ/׳Ù÷áñ-


íñ³): ¹»É:
legendary [΄ledзəndəri] a ³é³ëå»É³Ï³Ý: lemon [΄lemən]1. n ÏÇïñáÝ, ÉÇÙáÝ. ÉÇÙáÝÇ
leggings [΄legiŋz] n ·³Ù³ßÝ»ñ: ·áõÛÝ. ËëÏó. ï·»Õ ³ÕçÇÏ. 2. a ÉÇÙáÝÇ,
leggy [΄legi] a »ñϳñ³ëñáõÝù, »ñϳñ³áï: ÉÇÙáݳÛÇÝ. ~ squeezer ÉÇÙáÝÙ½Çã:
legibility [‚ledзə΄biləti] n ÁݹáõÝ»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ: lemonade [‚lemə΄neid] n ÉÇÙáݳ¹:
legible [΄ledзəbl] a ÁݹáõÝ»ÉÇ. å³ñ½. ÁÝûé- lemon-drop [΄leməndrɒp] n ÉÇÙáÝÇ ë³éݳ-
Ý»ÉÇ: ß³ù³ñ:
legion [΄li:dзən] n É»·»áÝ. ÷Ëμ. ³ÝÃÇí μ³½- lemony [΄leməni] a ÉÇÙáÝÇ:
ÙáõÃÛáõÝ: lemur [΄li:mə] n ϻݹ. ÏÇë³Ï³åÇÏ. É»Ùáõñ:
legionary [΄li:dзənəri] n, a É»·»áÝÇ ½ÇÝíáñ. lend [lend] v å³ñïù/÷áË ï³É. í³ñÏ ï³É.
É»·»áݳϳÝ: ïñ³Ù³¹ñ»É. óáõÛó ï³É The bank lent him
legislate [΄ledзisleit] v ûñ»Ýù Ññ³ï³ñ³- money ´³ÝÏÁ Ýñ³Ý í³ñÏ/å³ñïù ÷áÕ
Ï»É/ÁݹáõÝ»É: ïí»ó. (ï³É, ѳÕáñ¹»É) ~ charm ÑÙ³Ûù
legislation [‚ledзi΄slei∫n] n ûñ»Ýë¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ï³É/ѳÕáñ¹»É. ~ help û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ óáõÛó
labour ~ ³ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÛÇÝ ûñ»Ýë¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ï³É. ~ importance ϳñ¨áñáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É. ~
draft ~ ûñ»ÝùÇ Ý³Ë³·ÇÍ, ûñÇݳ·ÇÍ. ~ in oneself ѳñÙ³ñí»É. (Çñ»ñÇ Ñ»ï ϳåí³Í)
force ·áñÍáÕ ûñ»Ýë¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. welfare ~ ~ a journal ³Ùë³·Çñ ï³É ϳñ¹³Éáõ. can you
ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý ûñ»Ýë¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ: ~ me a ladder ? γñá±Õ »Ù ųٳݳϳíáñ
legislative [΄ledзislətiv] a ûñ»Ýë¹Çñ, ûñ»Ýë- í»ñóÝ»É Ó»ñ ³ëïÇ׳ÝÁ. Would you ~ a
¹ñ³Ï³Ý. ~ immunity ËáñÑñ¹³ñ³ÝÇ ³Ý- hand? ÆÝÓ ã¿Ç±ù û·ÝÇ. ~ itself åÇï³ÝÇ
¹³ÙÝ»ñÇ ³ÝÓ»éÝÙË»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ assembly ÉÇÝ»É. The system ~ s itself to ...гٳϳñ·Á
ûñ»Ýë¹Çñ ÅáÕáí. ~ power ûñ»Ýë¹Çñ Çß˳- Ñݳñ³íáñ ¿ ¹³ñÓÝáõÙ... This poem doesn’t ~
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: itself to translation ²Ûë μ³Ý³ëï»ÕÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ
legislator [΄ledзisleitə] n ûñ»Ýë¹Çñ, ûñÇݳ- Ñݳñ³íáñ 㿠óñ·Ù³Ý»É:
¹Çñ: lender [΄lendə] n í³ñϳïáõ, å³ñï³ï»ñ:
legislature [΄ledзisleit∫ə] n ûñ»Ýë¹Çñ Ù³ñ- lending [΄lendiŋ] n í³ñÏ»ñÇ /÷á˳éáõ-
ÙÇÝ/Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÙ. ~ agency í³ñϳ-
legitimacy [li΄dзitiməsi] n ûñÇݳϳÝáõ- ïáõ ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÃÛáõÝ, ûñÇݳí³ñáõÃÛáõÝ: length [leŋθ] n »ñϳñáõÃÛáõÝ. 3 metres in ~
legitimate [li΄dзitəmət] a ûñÇݳϳÝ. a ~ »ñ»ù Ù»ïñ »ñϳñáõÃÛ³Ùμ. along the whole
child ûñÇÝ³Ï³Ý »ñ»Ë³. a ~ reason for ÷Ëμ. ~ ³ÙμáÕç »ñϳÛÝùáí. at arms ~ áñáß³ÏÇ
ûñÇÝ³Ï³Ý å³ï×³é … ѳٳñ: ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³. keep at arms ~ å³ïϳ-
legitimation [li‚dзitə΄mei∫n] n ûñÇݳϳݳ- é»ÉÇ Ñ»é³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³ å³Ñ»É. measure
óáõÙ. áñ¹»·ñáõÙ: one’s ~ on the floor ѳë³Ïáí Ù»Ï ·»ïÝÇÝ
leg-pull [΄legpul] n ϳï³Ï³Ë³Õ£ ÷éí»É. go to all/any ~ ÷Ëμ. ³Ù»Ý ÇÝ㠳ݻÉ.
leguminous [le΄gju:minəs] a μëμ. å³ïÇ׳- (ųٳݳÏ, ï¨áÕáõÃÛáõÝ) of some ~ μ³í³-
íáñ, Éáμ³½·Ç: Ï³Ý »ñϳñ³ï¨. at ~ í»ñç³å»ë. ѳݷ³-
leisure [΄leзə] 1. n ³½³ï ųٳݳÏ, ų- Ù³Ýáñ»Ý. in ~ of time ųٳݳÏÇ ÁÝóó-
Ù³Ýó. at ~ ³½³ï ųٳݳÏ. have little ~ ùáõÙ. the ~ of a note/syllable Ó³ÛݳÝÇßÇ/
ùÇã ³½³ï Å³Ù³Ý³Ï áõݻݳÉ. at one’s ~ í³ÝÏÇ ï¨áÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ. He spoke at ~ ì»ñç³-
»ñμ ѳñÙ³ñ ¿. Do it at your ~ ²ñ»ù, »ñμ Ó»½ å»ë ݳ Ëáë»ó. discuss smth at ~ ѳݷ³Ù³-
ѳñÙ³ñ ¿/³½³ï ųٳݳÏÇÝ. 2. a ³½³ï Ýáñ»Ý ùÝݳñÏ»É. a stay of some ~ μ³í³Ï³Ý
~ hours ³½³ï ųٻñ: »ñϳñ³ï¨ ÙݳÉÁ. ~ of punishment å³ï-
leisured [΄leзəd] a ³½³ï, å³ñ³å, ³Ý- ųã³÷. (Ïïáñ) a skirt ~ ÷»ßÇ Ïïáñ. a ~ of
·áñÍ: pipe ËáÕáí³ÏÇ ÙÇ Ïïáñ:
leisurely [΄leзəli] a ãßï³åáÕ, ¹³Ý¹³Õ áõ lengthen [΄leŋθən] v »ñϳñ»É, »ñϳñ³óÝ»É.
ѳݷÇëï. at a ~ pace ѳݹ³ñï ù³ÛÉ»ñáí, The days are ~ing úñ»ñÁ »ñϳñáõÙ »Ý. ~ a
³Ýßï³å. have a ~ journey ѳݹ³ñï/ѳÝ- skirt ÷»ßÁ »ñϳñ³óÝ»É:
lengthways 478 let

lengthways [΄leŋθweiz] adv »ñϳÛݳÏÇ: days ÙÇ ³ÙëÇó »ñ»ù ûñ å³Ï³ë. I received


lengthwise [΄leŋθwaiz] »ñϳñáõÃÛ³Ùμ, my salary ~10% ÆÙ ³ß˳ï³í³ñÓÇó 10 %
»ñϳÛÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ, »ñϳÛÝùáí. lay the planks ~ å³Ñ»óÇÝ:
÷³Ûï»ñÁ »ñϳÛÝùáí ¹³ë³íáñ»É: lessee [le΄si:] n í³ñӳϳÉ:
lengthy [΄leŋθi] a »ñϳñ, »ñϳñ³ï¨, lessen [΄lesn] v å³Ï³ë»É, Ýí³½»É. å³Ï³-
Ó·Ó·í³Í. ~ speech »ñϳñ/Ó·Ó·í³Í ׳é. ~ ë»óÝ»É, Ýí³½»óÝ»É:
holiday »ñϳñ³ï¨ ³ñÓ³Ïáõñ¹: lesser [΄lesə] a ³í»ÉÇ ÷áùñÁ, Ýí³½³·áõÛÝÁ.
lenience [΄li:niəns] n Ù»ÕÙáõÃÛáõÝ, Ý»ñáÕ³- the ~ of two evils »ñÏáõ ã³ñÇùÝ»ñÇó Ýí³½³-
ÙïáõÃÛáõÝ, ½ÇçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ: ·áõÛÝÁ:
lenient [΄li:niənt] a Ù»ÕÙ, Ý»ñáÕ³ÙÇï, ½Ç- lesson [΄lesn] n ¹³ë, å³ñ³åÙáõÝù, Ëñ³ï.
çáÕ. μ³ñÇ. a ~ judge Ù»ÕÙ ¹³ï³íáñ. be ~ a math/singing ~ ٳûٳïÇϳÛÇ/»ñ·Ç ¹³ë.
with pupils ³ß³Ï»ñïÝ»ñÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ Ý»ñá- do/make ~ ¹³ë å³ïñ³ëï»É. give/take ~
Õ³ÙÇï/½ÇçáÕ ÉÇÝ»É: ¹³ë ï³É/³éÝ»É, í»ñóÝ»É. private ~ Ù³ë-
lens [lenz] n (ݳ¨ crystalline ~ ) ï»ë³å³ÏÇ, ݳíáñ ¹³ë. have driving ~s í³ñáñ¹³Ï³Ý
áëåݳå³ÏÇ, ÉÇݽ³. ϽÙË. ³ÏݳμÛáõñ»Õ, Ïáõñë»ñ ѳ׳˻É. teach a ~ ¹³ë/Ëñ³ï
³ãùÇ áëåÝÛ³Ï: ï³É. Let that be a ~ to you ÂáÕ ¹³ ù»½ ¹³ë
lent [lent] n ÏñáÝ. Ø»Í å³ë, Ù»Í å³Ñù: ÉÇÝÇ:
lenten [΄lentən] a Ù»Í å³ÑùÇ, å³uÇ, å³- lessor [le΄sɔ:] n í³ñÓ³ïáõ:
ëáõó (Ï»ñ³Ïáõñ): lest [lest] cnj áñå»ë½Ç ã(ÉÇÝÇ). be careful~ you
lentil [΄lentil] n μëμ. áëå: fall ½·áõÛß »ÕÇñ áñå»ë½Ç ãÁÝÏÝ»ë. He hid ~
leonine [΄li:əunain] a ³éÛáõÍÇ, ³éÛáõͳÛÇÝ: they should see him ܳ óùÝí»ó, áñå»ë½Ç
leopard [΄lepəd] n ÁÝÓ³éÛáõÍ: Can the ~ Ýñ³Ý ãï»ëÝ»Ý:
change its spots? γñÙÇñ ÏáíÁ Çñ ϳßíÇó let [let] v ÃáõÛɳïñ»É, ÃáõÛÉ ï³É, ÃáÕÝ»É. ~ me
¹áõñë ãÇ ·³: pass ÃáõÛÉ ïí»ù ³ÝóÝ»É. ~ be áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ
leper [΄lepə] n μáñáï: ã¹³ñÓÝ»É, ã˳éÝí»É. ~ drop/fall í³Ûñ ·ó»É.
leprosarium [‚leprə΄seəriəm] n μáñáï³- ~ hear/know ï»Õ»Ï³óÝ»É, ÇÙ³ó ï³É. ~
Ýáó, ÑÇí³Ý¹³Ýáó μáñáïÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ: smb/smth go μ³ó ÃáÕÝ»É. He ~ drop a hint ܳ
leprosy [΄leprəsi] n μÅßÏ. μáñ, μáñáïáõÃÛáõÝ: ³ÏݳñÏ ÃáõÛÉ ïí»ó. L~ it pass! ¸» ɳí, Ùá-
leprous [΄leprəs] a μáñáï: é³Ý³Ýù. ~ blood ³ñÛáõÝ ³éÝ»É. The house is
lesion [΄li:зn] n μÅßÏ. íݳëí³Íù, ³Ëï³Ñ³- to ~ îáõÝÁ í³ñÓáí ¿ ïñíáõÙ. They ~ rooms
ñáõÙ£ ê»ÝÛ³ÏÝ»ñ »Ý í³ñÓáí ïñíáõÙ. ‘To ~ ‘ ì³ñ-
less [les] n ³í»ÉÇ ùÇã ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. They of- Óáí ¿ ïñíáõÙ¦ ~ a contract å³Ûٳݳ·Çñ
fered ~ ²í»ÉÇ ùÇã ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ ³é³ç³ñ- ÏÝù»É. ~ him wait ÂáÕ ëå³ëÇ. Just ~ him try!
Ï»óÇÝ. in ~ than no time ÙÇ ³ÏÝóñÃáõÙ: ÂáÕ ÙdzÛÝ ÷áñÓÇ. L~‘s go/begin ºÏ»ù
less [les] a ³í»ÉÇ ÷áùñ/ùÇã. I have ~ time ºë ·Ý³Ýù/ëÏë»Ýù. ~ AB = CD ÀݹáõÝ»Ýù, áñ ~
³í»ÉÇ ùÇã Å³Ù³Ý³Ï áõÝ»Ù. grow ~ å³Ï³- AB = CD L~ me see êå³ë»ù (ÃáÕ»ù Ùï³-
ë»É, ùã³Ý³É. The pain grew ~ ò³íÁ å³- Í»Ù). ~ smb alone ѳݷÇëï ÃáÕÝ»É, Ó»éù
ϳë»ó. ~ work ³í»ÉÇ ùÇã ³ß˳ï³Ýù. It’s ãï³É. L~ alone ¾É ã³ë³Í, ØÇ ÏáÕÙ ÃáÕÝ»Ýù.
nothing ~ than ...¸³ áã ³ÛÉ ÇÝã ¿ ù³Ý... no ~ refl. prn Don’t ~ yourself fall âÁÝÏÝ»ë. He has
a person than áã ³í»É, áã å³Ï³ë ù³Ý£ ~ himself go completely ܳ ÉñÇí μ³ñá-
less [les] adv ³í»ÉÇ ùÇã/å³Ï³ë, Ýí³½. none Û³Éùí»É ¿/ÁÝÏ»É ¿. ~ down Çç»óÝ»É. The
the ~ ³ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí. ~ likely ³í»ÉÇ ùÇã weather ~s us down ºÕ³Ý³ÏÁ ï³å³ÉáõÙ ¿
ѳí³Ý³Ï³Ý. ~ and ~ easy/interesting ³í»ÉÇ Ù»ñ Íñ³·ñ»ñÁ. ~ in/into Ý»ñë ÃáÕÝ»É. The
áõ ³í»ÉÇ ¹Åí³ñ. ³í»ÉÇ áõ ³í»ÉÇ ³ÝÑ»- roof ~s in rain î³ÝÇùÁ ϳÃáõÙ ¿. ~ off μ³ó
ï³ùñùÇñ. more or ~ ³í»É ϳ٠å³Ï³ë. He ÃáÕÝ»É, Ý»ñ»É, Ïñ³Ï»É. ~ me off at the next
plays ~ and ~ ø³ÝÇ ·ÝáõÙ ³ÛÝù³Ý ùÇã ¿ μ»Ù stop ÆÝÓ Ñ³çáñ¹ ϳݷ³éáõÙ Çç»óñ»ù. ~ off
μ³ñÓñ³ÝáõÙ. in ~ than an hour ÙÇ Å³ÙÇó the gun Ññ³ó³ÝÁ Ïñ³Ï»É. ~ off the steam
³í»ÉÇ ùÇã: ßá·ÇÝ μ³ó ÃáÕÝ»É. ~ on Ó¨³Ý³É. ~ out
less [les] prep ³é³Ýó, å³Ï³ë. a month ~ three ¹áõñë ÃáÕÝ»É. ѳ·áõëïÁ »ñϳñ³óÝ»É. ~
letdown 479 lexicographer

the cat out of the bag ÷Ëμ. ·³ÕïÝÇùÁ ¹áõñë ve/below sea ~ ÍáíÇ Ù³Ï»ñ¨áõÛÃÇó
ï³É£ ó³Íñ/μ³ñÓñ. Wages ~ ²ß˳ï³í³ñÓÇ Ù³-
letdown [΄letdaun] n ËëÏó. Ñdzëó÷áõ- ϳñ¹³Ï. on a ~ with ÙǨÝáõÛÝ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÇ
ÃÛáõÝ: íñ³. fall in/of the ~ ٳϳñ¹³ÏÇ ³ÝÏáõÙ.
lethal [΄li:θl] a ٳѳóáõ, ٳѳμ»ñ. a ~ dose raise the ~ ٳϳñ¹³ÏÁ μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É. find
ٳѳóáõ ¹»Õ³μ³ÅÇÝ/ã³÷³μ³ÅÇÝ /¹á½³. one’s ~ Çñ»Ý ѳí³ë³ñÁ ·ïÝ»É. Çñ»Ý ѳ-
~ outcome ٳѳóáõ »Éù. ~ weapon ٳѳμ»ñ Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ï»ÕÁ ·ïÝ»É. He is on the ~
½»Ýù: ËëÏó. ܳ ϳñ·ÇÝ Ù³ñ¹ ¿:
lethargic [lə΄θa:dзik] a ɻóñ·Ç³Ï³Ý. level [΄levl] a ѳñÃ, ï³÷³Ï. ~ surface/ground
ÃÙñ³Í, ùÝÏáï, ³ÝÏÛ³Ýù: ѳñà ٳϻñ»ë/·»ïÇÝ. ~ plain ѳñóí³Ûñ.
letter [΄letə] n ï³é, ·Çñ. capital/initial/small ~ ~ voice Ùdzɳñ Ó³ÛÝ.The water was ~ with the
ٻͳï³é, ·É˳ï³é.÷áùñ³ï³é. write in window æáõñÁ ѳëÝáõÙ ¿ñ ÙÇÝ㨠å³ïáõ-
block ~s ïå³ï³é ·ñ»É. the ~ of the law ѳÝÁ. make the score ~ ѳßÇíÁ ѳí³ë³-
ûñ»ÝùÇ ï³éÁ. ~ for ~ ï³é ³é ï³é, ï³- ñ»óÝ»É. a ~ head ë³éݳñÛáõÝ ·ÉáõË/¹³ïá-
é³óÇ. to the ~ Ùdzݷ³Ù³ÛÝ ×Çßï. four ~ ÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ѳí³ë³ñ³Ïßéí³Í, ѳݷÇëï.
words ѳÛÑáÛ³Ýù. initial~ ³Ýí³Ý, ³½·³Ý- do one’s ~ best ³Ù»Ý Ñݳñ³íáñ μ³Ý ³Ý»É:
í³Ý ëϽμݳï³é»ñ. italic ~s ߻ճï³é. level [΄levl] adv ѳí³ë³ñ. draw ~ with ѳ-
(ݳٳÏ) registered ~ å³ïíÇñí³Í ݳٳÏ. í³ë³ñí»É. ~ with the tree tops ͳéÇ ·³·³Ã-
~ of recommendation/introduction ѳÝÓݳñ³- Ý»ñÇÝ Ñ³í³ë³ñ:
ñ³Ï³Ý ݳٳÏ. ~ of credit ³Ïñ»¹ÇïÇí. dead level [΄levl] v ѳí³ë³ñ»óÝ»É, ѳñûÉ. ~ a
~ ѳëó»³ïÇñáçÁ ãѳë³Í ݳٳÏ. ~s ·ñ³- road/lawn ׳ݳå³ñÑÁ/Ù³ñ·³·»ïÇÝÁ
ϳݳ·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ. a man of ~s ·ñ³Ï³Ý³- ѳñûÉ. ~ to the ground ÑáÕÇÝ Ñ³í³ë³ñ»ó-
·»ï. ~ and intent Çñ³í. (ûñ»ÝùÇ) ï³éÝ áõ Ý»É. (Ýß³Ý μéÝ»É, áõÕÕ»É) ~ one’s gun Ññ³-
á·ÇÝ. ~ of authority/attorney Édz½áñ³·Çñ: ó³ÝÝ áõÕÕ»É. ~ accusations against smn Ù»ÏÇ
letter-box [΄letəbɒks] n ÷áëï³ñÏÕ: ¹»Ù Ù»Õ³¹ñ³Ýù áõÕÕ»É. Wages are ~ling off
letter-card [΄letəka:d] n μ³óÇÏ, μ³ó ݳ- ²ß˳ï³í³ñÓÝ»ñÁ ѳí³ë³ñíáõÙ »Ý ~ off
Ù³Ï: the plane ÇÝùݳÃÇéÇ í³½ùÝ áõÕÕ»É:
lettered [΄letəd] a ÏñÃí³Í, ϳñ¹³ó³Í: level-crossing [‚levl΄krɒsiŋ] n áõÕ»÷³Ïáó,
lettering [΄letəriŋ] n ¹ñáßÙáõÙ, ¹ñáßÙ³- ³ÝóáõÕÇ, ·Í³Ýó:
Ýϳñ: level-headed [‚levl΄hedid] a ѳí³ë³ñ³-
letter-paper [΄letə‚peipə] n ݳٳÏÇ ÃáõÕÃ: Ïßéí³Í, ѳݹ³ñï:
letter-perfect [‚letə΄pə:fikt] a óïñ. Çñ ¹»- lever [΄li:və] 1.n ÉͳÏ. 2.v ÉͳÏáí μ³ñÓñ³ó-
ñÁ ɳí ë»ñï³Í: Ý»É. ~ open/up ÉͳÏáí μ³ó»É/μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É:
letterpress [΄letəpres] n ·ñùÇ μݳ·ñ³ÛÇÝ leverage [΄li:vəridз] n ÉͳÏÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³-
Ù³ëÁ: ϳñ·. ѻݳñ³Ý:
lettuce [΄letis] n μëμ. ɳïáõÏ, ϳÃÝáõÏ, ë³- leveret [΄levərət] n ݳå³ëï³ÏÇ Ó³·:
ɳÃ: levity [΄levəti] n ûè³ÙïáõÃÛáõÝ:
leucocyte [΄lu:kəusait] n ýǽÉ. É»ÛÏáóÇï: levy [΄levi] n ·³ÝÓáõÙ, ·³ÝÓí³Í ·áõÙ³ñÁ.
levant [lə΄vænt] v (ͳÍáõÏ) ÷³Ëã»É ³é³Ýó é½Ù. ѳí³ù³·ñáõÙ. national ~ ÅáÕáíñ¹³-
å³ñïù»ñÁ í׳ñ»Éáõ: Ï³Ý ³ß˳ñѳ½áñ£
levee [΄levi] n å³ßïáÝ³Ï³Ý ÁݹáõÝ»Éáõ- levy [΄levi] v ·³ÝÓ»É. ѳí³ù»É. ѳñÏ»É. ~
ÃÛáõÝ: taxes ѳñÏ»ñ ·³ÝÓ»É. ~ troops é½Ù. Ýáñ³-
levee [΄levi] n ³Ù. ³Ùμ³ñï³Ï, ݳí³Ù³- ÏáãÇÏÝ»ñ ѳí³ù³·ñ»É:
ïáõÛó: lewd [lu:d] a ³Ýí³Û»É, ³Ýå³ñÏ»ßï. ~ joke
level [΄levl] n ٳϳñ¹³Ï. (ë³ñù) ѳñ- ³Ýí³Û»É ϳï³Ï. ~ look í³í³ßáï ѳ-
óã³÷, ٳϳñ¹³ã³÷. low/high/average /in- Û³óù:
tellectual ~ ó³Íñ/μ³ñÓñ/ÙÇçÇÝ/Ùï³íáñ Ù³- lexical [΄leksikl] a μ³é³ÛÇÝ, μ³é³å³ß³ñÇ.
ϳñ¹³Ï. at ground/eye ~ ·»ïÝÇ/³ãùÇ Ù³- lexicographer [‚leksi΄kɒgrəfə] n μ³é³ñ³-
ϳñ¹³ÏÇÝ. sea ~ ÍáíÇ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³Ï. abo- ݳ·Çñ:
lexicology 480 licentious

lexicology [‚leksi΄kɒlədзi] n μ³é³·Çïáõ- outlook ÉÇμ»ñ³É ѳ۳óùÝ»ñÇ ï»ñ Ù³ñ¹:


ÃÛáõÝ: liberality [‚libə΄ræləti] n ³é³ï³Ó»éÝáõ-
lexicon [΄leksikən] n μ³é³ñ³Ý, μ³é³·Çñù, ÃÛáõÝ. ѳݹáõñÅáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ѳ۳óùÝ»ñÇ
μ³é³å³ß³ñ: ɳÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
liabilit/y [‚laiə΄biləti] n å³ï³ë˳ݳïíáõ- liberate [΄libəreit] v ³½³ï»É, ³½³ï³·ñ»É.
ÃÛáõÝ. å³ñï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ for the accident ùÇÙ. ³Ýç³ï»É, ³½³ï»É:
¹Åμ³Ëï å³ï³Ñ³ñÇ å³ï³ë˳ݳï- liberating [΄libəreitiŋ] a ÷ñϳñ³ñ, ³½³-
íáõÃÛáõÝ. current ~ ÁÝóóÇÏ å³ñïù»ñ. lim- ï³ñ³ñ:
ited ~ ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï å³ï³ë˳ݳïíáõ- liberation [‚libə΄rei∫n] n ³½³ï³·ñáõÙ:
ÃÛáõÝ. personal ~ ³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý å³ï³ë˳- liberator [΄libəreitə] n ³½³ï³·ñÇã, ³½³-
ݳïíáõÃÛáõÝ. contingent ~ å³ÛÙ³Ý³Ï³Ý ï³ñ³ñ:
å³ï³ë˳ݳïíáõÃÛáõÝ. vicarious ~ å³- libert/y [΄libəti] n ³½³ïáõÃÛáõÝ. civil ~ ies
ï³ë˳ݳïíáõÃÛáõÝ áõñÇßÇ ·áñÍ»ñÇ Ñ³- ù³Õ³ù³óÇ³Ï³Ý ³½³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. be at ~
Ù³ñ. producer’s ~ ³ñï³¹ñáÕÇ å³ï³ë˳- ³½³ïáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É. human ~ ies Ù³ñ¹áõ
ݳïíáõÃÛáõÝ. incur ~ å³ñï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ ³½³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ. You are at ~ ¸áõù ³½³ï
ëï³ÝÓÝ»É. remit ~ å³ï³ë˳ݳïíáõ- »ù/ϳñáÕ »ù. ~ of conscience ËÕ×Ç ³½³-
ÃÛáõÝÇó ³½³ï»É. ~ to pay taxes ѳñÏ»ñ ïáõÃÛáõÝ. be not at ~ to decide ³½³ï ãÉÇÝ»É
í׳ñ»Éáõ å³ñï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ ~ ies å³ñïù. Çñ áñáßÙ³Ý Ù»ç. take the ~ ù³çáõÃÛáõÝ áõ-
meet one’s ~ies å³ñïù»ñÁ í׳ñ»É. He’s a ݻݳÉ:
real ~ ËëÏó. ܳ ³Ñ³íáñ μ»é ¿: librarian [lai΄breəriən] n ·ñ³¹³ñ³Ý³í³ñ:
liable [΄laiəbl] a å³ñï³íáñ, å³ñï³íáñ- library [΄laibrəri] 1. n ·ñ³¹³ñ³Ý. public/pri-
í³Í, »Ýóϳ. ~ for call-up ½Çݳå³ñï. vate/scientific ~ ѳÝñ³ÛÇÝ/Ù³ëݳíáñ/·Ç-
goods ~ to duty Ù³ùëÇ »Ýóϳ ³åñ³Ýù. ~ ï³Ï³Ý ·ñ³¹³ñ³Ý. reference ~ ï»Õ»Ï³-
to a fine/illness ïáõ·³ÝùÇ/ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛ³Ý ïáõ ·ñ³¹³ñ³Ý. 2. a ·ñ³¹³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ.
»Ýóϳ. We’re all ~ to make mistakes libretto [li΄bretəu] n óïñ. Ý»ñϳ۳óÙ³Ý
ê˳Éí»ÉÁ ѳïáõÏ ¿ μáÉáñÇÝ: (ÑïÏå.ª ûå»ñ³ÛÇ) ϳñ× μáí³Ý¹³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
liaison [li΄eizn] n ϳå (ݳ¨ é½Ù.). ~ between licence [΄laisns] n ÃáõÛÉïíáõÃÛ³Ý Çñ³íáõÝù,
departments ϳå μ³Å³ÝÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨. ~ ³ñïáÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ÉÇó»Ý½Ç³, å³ï»Ýï. dri-
officer ϳåÇ ëå³. have a ~ ëÇñ³í»å áõÝ»- ver’s ~ í³ñáñ¹³Ï³Ý Çñ³íáõÝù. ~ plate ³í-
ݳÉ: ïáÙ»ù»Ý³ÛÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ³ÝÇß. ~ to practice as a
liar [΄laiə] n ëï³Ëáë, ëáõï³ë³Ý: doctor μÅÇßÏ ³ß˳ï»Éáõ Çñ³íáõÝù/íϳ۳-
libel [΄laibl] n (·ñ³íáñ) ½ñå³ñïáõÃÛáõÝ, ϳÝ. marriage ~ ³ÙáõëݳݳÉáõ ÃáõÛÉïíáõ-
³Ýí³Ý³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ. sue for ~ ½ñå³ñïáõ- ÃÛáõÝ. grant/obtain a ~ ÃáõÛÉïíáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É/
ÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ¹³ïÇ ï³É. ~ smb ½ñå³ñï»É, ëï³Ý³É. issue a ~ ÉÇó»Ý½Ç³ ï³É. import
³Ýí³Ý³ñÏ»É: under ~ ÃáõÛÉïíáõÃÛ³Ùμ Ý»ñÙáõÍ»É. ~ a car
libeller [΄laiblə] n ½ñå³ñïÇã: ³íïáÙ»ù»Ý³Ý ·ñ³Ýó»É:
libellous [΄laibləs] a ½ñå³ñïÇã, ½ñå³ñï- license [΄laisns] v ÃáõÛɳïñ»É, Çñ³íáõÝù
ã³Ï³Ý. a ~ article ½ñå³ñïÇã Ñá¹í³Í. a ~ ï³É, ³ñïáÝ»É:
remark ½ñå³ñïáõÃÛáõÝ: licensee [‚laisn΄si:] n ÃáõÛÉïíáõÃÛáõÝ/³ñïá-
liberal [΄librəl] n ÉÇμ»ñ³É. ÉÇμ»ñ³É Ïáõë³Ï- ݳ·Çñ/å³ï»Ýï áõÝ»óáÕ ³ÝÓ. ÃáõÛɳ-
óáõÃÛ³Ý ³Ý¹³Ù: ïñ³·Çñ áõÝ»óáÕ:
liberal [΄librəl] a ÉÇμ»ñ³É. ~ government/views licensing [΄laisnsiŋ] n ³ñïáݳ·ñáõÙ, ÉÇ-
ÉÇμ»ñ³É ϳé³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝ/ѳ۳óùÝ»ñ. (³- ó»Ý½³íáñáõÙ. ~ offence ³ñïáݳ·ñÙ³Ý
é³ï³Ó»éÝ, ٻͳÑá·Ç) ~ gift ³é³ï³Ó»éÝ Ï³ÝáÝÝ»ñÇ Ë³ËïáõÙ. ~ authority ÉÇó»Ý½³-
Ýí»ñ. ~ with promises/money ³é³ï Ëáë- íáñáÕ Ù³ñÙÇÝ:
ïáõÙÝ»ñ/÷áÕ ï³É, ~ entertainment ³é³ï licensor [΄laisnsə] n ÃáõÛɳïñ³·Çñ ïíáÕ,
ÑÛáõñ³ëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ. (ÑáõÙ³ÝÇï³ñ) a ~ edu- ÉÇó»Ý½³íáñáÕ:
cation ÑáõÙ³ÝÇï³ñ ÏñÃáõÃÛáõÝ. the ~ arts licentious [lai΄sen∫əs] a ë³ÝÓ³ñÓ³Ï, ³Ý-
ÑáõÙ³ÝÇï³ñ ·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. a man of ~ μ³ñá۳ϳÝ:
lichen 481 life-boat

lichen [΄laikən] n μëμ. ù³ñ³ùáë. μÅßÏ. ó³Ý»ëª ³ÛÝ ¿É ÏÑÝÓ»ë. ~ ahead ëå³ëí»É. A
ÙÏݳï³Ù, áñùÇÝ: hard winter ~s ahead Ø»½ ëå³ëáõÙ ¿ ËÇëï
lick [lik] n ÉǽáõÙ, Éǽ»ÉÁ. ÷áùñ Ïïáñ, ³Ý- ÓÙ»é. ~ back »ï ûùí»É, Ù»çùáí Ñ»Ýí»É. He
Ýß³Ý ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ËëÏó. ù³ÛÉ. at a great/ lay back in his chair ܳ Ñ»Ýí»É ¿ñ ³ÃáéÇ
full ~ ³ñ³· ù³ÛÉ»ñáí. It needs a ~ of paint Ù»çùÇÝ. ~ down å³éÏ»É (ùÝ»É). ~ in
Ü»ñÏÁ å»ïù ¿ óñÙ³óÝ»É: ³ÝÏáÕÝáõÙ ÙݳÉ, ÍÝݹ³μ»ñ»É. You can ~ in
lick [lik] v Éǽ»É, Éåëï»É. ç³ñ¹»É. ~ the till 10 γñáÕ »ù ÙÇÝ㨠10-Á ÙݳÉ
spoon/one’s fingers ·¹³ÉÁ/Ù³ïÝ»ñÁ Éǽ»É. ³ÝÏáÕÝáõÙ:
The flames were ~ing the ceiling Îñ³ÏÇ lief [li:f] adv áõñ³ËáõÃÛ³Ùμ, ѳ×áõÛùáí:
É»½áõÝ»ñÁ ÉǽáõÙ ¿ÇÝ ³é³ëï³ÕÁ. Our team lieu [lu:] n ï»Õ. in ~ of ÷á˳ñ»Ý:
was ~ed Ø»ñ ÃÇÙÇÝ ç³ñ¹»óÇÝ.~ smb’s boots lieutenant [lef΄tenənt] n É»Ûï»Ý³Ýï:
÷Ëμ. ëïáñ³ù³ñßáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É. ~ smn into lieutenant colonel [lef‚tenənt΄kə:nl] n
shape ѳñϳíáñ ï»ëù ï³É, ϳñ·Ç μ»ñ»É. ÷á˷ݹ³å»ï£
~ one’s chops ÃáõùÁ ÏáõÉ ï³É. ÷Ëμ. μ»ñ³ÝÇ lieutenant-governor [lef‚tenənt΄gΛvnə] n
çáõñÁ ·Ý³É: ݳѳݷ³å»ïÇ ï»Õ³Ï³É (²ØÜ):
licking [΄likiŋ] n Í»Í, ¹Ý·ëïáó. å³ñïáõ- life [laif] n ÏÛ³Ýù. animal/plant ~ ϻݹ³ÝÇÝ»-
ÃÛáõÝ, ç³Ëç³ËáõÙ£ ñÇ/μáõÛë»ñÇ ÏÛ³ÝùÁ. the origin of ~ ÏÛ³ÝùÇ
lickerish [΄likəri∫] a ѳٻÕ, ѳٻճϻñ. ͳ·áõÙÁ. a matter of ~ and death ÏÛ³ÝùÇ ¨
óá÷, ßí³Ûï: Ù³Ñáõ ѳñó/·áñÍ. at the cost of ~ ÏÛ³ÝùÇ
lid [lid] n ϳ÷³ñÇã, Ëáõ÷. remove/lift, raise ·Ýáí. come to ~ ÍÝí»É, ³é³ç³Ý³É. bring/
the ~ ѳݻÉ/μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É Ï³÷³ñÇãÁ. put the come to ~ áõßùÇ ·³É/μ»ñ»É. sell one’s ~ dear
~ on one’s plans ËëÏó. Íñ³·ñ»ñÁ ˳÷³Ý»É. ÏÛ³ÝùÁ óÝÏ ï³É. lay down one’s ~ ÏÛ³ÝùÁ
Ïáå (ݳ¨ eyelid). narrow one’s ~ ³ãù»ñÁ ½áѳμ»ñ»É. lose one’s ~ ½áÑí»É. take one’s ~
ÏÏáó»É: ëå³Ý»É. take one’s own ~ ÇÝùݳëå³Ýáõ-
lie I [lai] n ëáõï, ëï³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝ. deliberate/ ÃÛáõÝ ·áñÍ»É. He owes his ~ to you ܳ ÏÛ³Ý-
barefaced/transparent ~ ·Çï³Ïóí³Í/³Ý³- ùáí Ó»½ ¿ å³ñï³Ï³Ý. Upon my ~ ÎÛ³Ý-
ÙáÃ/μ³ó³Ñ³Ûï ëáõï. white ~ ³ÝÙ»Õ ëáõï. ùáíë »Ù »ñ¹íáõÙ. see ~ ÏÛ³Ýù/³ß˳ñÑ
don’t tell ~s! ØÇ ëï»ù. ~ detector ëáõïÁ ï»ëÝ»É. (³åñ»É³Ï»ñå, Ï»Ýë³Ï»ñå) regu-
ëïáõ·»Éáõ ë³ñù. ¹»ï»Ïïáñ: lar ϳÝáݳíáñ ³åñ»É³Ï»ñå. public/pri-
lie II [lai] n íÇ׳Ï, ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ¹Çñù. ÷Ëμ. vate/high ~ ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý/³ÝÓݳϳÝ/
Çñ»ñÇ ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. íÇ׳Ï. the ~ of the land μ³ñÓñ³ëïÇ×³Ý ÏÛ³Ýù. way/mode of ~ ³å-
í³ÛñÇ/ï»Õ³ÛÝùÇ μÝáõÛÃÁ: ñ»É³Ï»ñå. see much of ~ ÏÛ³Ýù ï»ëÝ»É. ~
lie I [lai] v ëï»É. ~ unblushingly ³é³Ýó span ÏÛ³ÝùÇ ï¨áÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ style ³åñ»É³-
ϳñÙñ»Éáõ ëï»É: Ï»ñå. Ï»Ýë³á×. lead a ~ ÏÛ³Ýù í³ñ»É. lead
lie II [lai] v å³éÏ»É, å³éÏ³Í ÉÇÝ»É. ~ qui- a dog’s ~ ß³Ý ÏÛ³Ýù í³ñ»É. lead an active
etly/ still/in the sun/face down/on one’s back /quiet ~ ·áñÍáõÝÛ³/ѳݷÇëï ÏÛ³Ýù í³ñ»É.
ѳݷÇëï/ѳݹ³ñï/³ñ¨ÇÝ/¹»Ùùáí Ý»ñ- for ~ ³ÙμáÕç ÏÛ³ÝùáõÙ. a portrait from ~
ù¨/Ù»çùÇÝ å³éÏ»É. ~ asleep ùÝ»É, ùÝ³Í μݳÝϳñ, μݳå³ïÏ»ñ. still ~ μݳ-
ÉÇÝ»É. ~ sick ÑÇí³Ý¹ ÉÇÝ»É. (·ïÝí»É, ÁÝÏ³Í å³ïÏ»ñ. time of ~ μÅßÏ. ÏÉÇÙ³ùë, ï»Ë.
ÉÇÝ»É) The way ~s along the river ¹ÇÙ³óÏáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ. the ~ of a battery/car
ֳݳå³ñÑÁ ³ÝóÝáõÙ ¿ ·»ïÇ ÏáÕùáí. ~ in Ù³ñïÏáóÇ/Ù»ù»Ý³ÛÇ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý Å³Ù-
ambush/wait ¹³ñ³Ý ÙïÝ»É. The ships lay at Ï»ïÁ. ~ and soul of the party ѳí³ùáõÛÃÇ
anchore ܳí»ñÁ ˳ñëËí³Í »Ý. The factory á·ÇÝ. scare the ~ out of smn Ù³Ñáõ ã³÷
lay idle ¶áñͳñ³ÝÁ Ï³Ý·Ý³Í ¿ñª í³Ë»Ý³É. ~ science Ï»Ýë³μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~
³ß˳ï³Ýù ãϳñ. The choice ~s with you imprisonment Çñ³í. óÙ³Ñ μ³Ýï³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ.
ÀÝïñáõÃÛáõÝÁ/àñáßáõÙÁ Ó»ñÝ ¿/Ó»ñ ·áñÍÝ ¿. ~ insurance ÏÛ³ÝùÇ ³å³Ñáí³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~
The responsibility/fault ~s with him interest óÙ³Ñ Çñ³íáõÝù. ~ tenant/member
ä³ï³ë˳ݳïíáõÃÛáõÝÁ/Ù»ÕùÁ ÁÝÏÝáõÙ ¿ óÙ³Ñ í³ñӳϳÉ/³Ý¹³Ù:
Ýñ³ íñ³. L~ on the bed one has made ÆÝã life-belt [΄laifbelt] n ÷ñϳ·áïÇ:
life buoy 482 light

life-boat [΄laifbəut] n ÷ñϳݳí³Ï: light [lait] n ÉáõÛë, Éáõë³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. in the ~


life buoy [΄laifbɔi] n ÷ñϳñ³ñ ßñç³Ý³Ï: of ÉáõÛëÇ Ý»ñùá. by the ~ of a candle ÙáÙÇ
life-giving [΄laif‚giviŋ] n, a ÏÛ³ÝùÇ å³ñ- ÉáõÛëÇ ï³Ï. get up at first ~ ß³ï í³Õ ³ñÃ-
·¨áõÙ. Ï»Ýë³ïáõ, ϻݳñ³ñ: ݳݳÉ. before the ~ fails ݳËù³Ý ÙÃÝ»ÉÁ.
life-guard [΄laifga:d] n ÃÇÏݳå³Ñ: you ‘re in my ~ ÉáõÛëë ÷³ÏáõÙ »ë. need more
life jacket [΄laif‚dзækit] n ÷ñϳμ³×ÏáÝ: ~ ³í»ÉÇ ß³ï ÉáõÛëÇ Ï³ñÇù áõݻݳÉ. in a
lifeless [΄laiflis] a ³Ýϻݹ³Ý: good ~ ɳí Éáõë³íáñí³Í ï»ÕáõÙ. bring to ~
life-like [΄laiflaik] a ϳñÍ»ë ϻݹ³ÝÇ, ÝÙ³Ý: ÷Ëμ. »ñ¨³Ý ѳݻÉ, Ù»ñϳóÝ»É. come to ~
life-line [΄laiflain] n ÷ñϳå³ñ³Ý: »ñ¨³Ý ·³É, ѳÛïݳμ»ñí»É. see the ~ ÷Ëμ.
lifelong [΄laiflɒŋ] a ³ÙμáÕç ÏÛ³ÝùÇ ÁÝóó- ÍÝí»É, ³ß˳ñÑ ·³É see the red ~ ÷Ëμ. í³-
ùáõÙ, óÙ³Ñ: ˻ݳÉ. throw ~ Éáõë³μ³Ý»É. show smn in a
life-office [΄laif‚ɒfis] n ÏÛ³ÝùÇ ³å³Ñí³- bad ~ ÷Ëμ. Ù»ÏÇÝ ³Ýμ³ñ»Ýå³ëï Ó¨áí
·ñáõÃÛ³Ý ·ñ³ë»ÝÛ³Ï: Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É. cast a new ~ Ýáñ ÉáõÛë ë÷é»É.
lifer [΄laifə] n ËëÏó. óÙ³Ñ ¹³ï³å³ñïí³Í He’s seen the ~ ܳ ëÏë»ó ï»ëÝ»É. northern/
μ³Ýï³ñÏÛ³É: polar ~s ÑÛáõëÇë³÷³ÛÉ. (ÉáõÛëÇ ³ÕμÛáõñ) ceil-
life saving [΄laif‚seiviŋ] n, a. ÷ñϳñ³ñ. ing ~ ç³Ñ, ³é³ëï³ÕÇ ç³Ñ. desk ~ ë»Õ³ÝÇ
÷ñϳñ³ñ³Ï³Ý. a course in ~ ÷ñϳñ³ñ- ɳÙå. bedside ~ ·Çß»ñ³ÛÇÝ É³Ùå. wall ~
Ý»ñÇ ¹³ëÁÝóóÝ»ñ: å³ïÇ É³Ùå, μñ³. street/town ~s ÷áÕáó³-
life-size [‚laif΄saiz] a μÝ³Ï³Ý Ù»ÍáõÃÛ³Ùμ: ÛÇÝ É³åï»ñ. put the ~ on/out ÉáõÛëÁ Ùdzó-
lifetime [΄laiftaim] n ÏÛ³Ýù, ÏÛ³ÝùÇ ï¨áÕáõ- Ý»É/³Ýç³ï»É. overhead ~ Éáõë³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ
ÃÛáõÝ. the work of a ~ ³ÙμáÕç ÏÛ³ÝùÇ í»ñ¨Çó. (³íïáÙ»ù»Ý³) car ~s ³íïáÙ»ù»-
³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ. once in a ~ ÏÛ³ÝùáõÙ Ù»Ï Ý³ÛÇ ÉáõÛë»ñ. óáɳɳåï»ñ (ý³é)
³Ý·³Ù. during one’s ~ ³ÙμáÕç ÏÛ³ÝùÇ ÁÝ- rear/breaking ~s ³íïáÙ»ù»Ý³ÛÇ Ñ»ï¨Ç
óóùáõÙ. It’s the chance of a ~ ²Û¹åÇëÇ Ñݳ- ÉáõÛë»ñ reversing ~ ³ñ·»É³ÏÙ³Ý ³½¹³-
ñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ ÏÛ³ÝùáõÙ Ù»Ï ³Ý·³Ù ¿ ÉÇ- Ýß³Ý. parking ~ ϳ۳ݻÉáõ ÉáõÛë»ñ emer-
ÝáõÙ: gency/flashing ~s íóñ³ÛÇÝ ³½¹³Ýß³ÝáõÙ
life-work [‚laif΄wə:k] n ³ÙμáÕç ÏÛ³ÝùÇ ³ß- landing ~s ³í. í³Ûñ¿çùÇ ÉáõÛë»ñ. (׳ݳ-
˳ï³ÝùÁ. That book is his ~ ²Û¹ ·ÇñùÁ Ýñ³ å³ñÑÇ Ýß³ÝÝ»ñ) Stop at the ~s γݷݻù
ÏÛ³ÝùÇ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ ¿: Éáõë³ýáñÇ/Éáõë³ÏÇñÇ Ùáï. Don’t cross
lift [lift] n μ³ñÓñ³óáõÙ. give one a ~ Ù»ÏÇÝ against the ~s γñÙÇñ ÉáõÛëÇ ï³Ï ÙÇ ³Ýó»ù.
÷á˳¹ñ³ÙÇçáóáí ï³Ý»É. The news gave us (Ïñ³Ï) put a ~ to the bonfire ˳ñáõÛÏ í³é»É.
a great ~ ÷Ëμ. ÜáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ù»½ ß³ï á·¨á- give me a ~ Í˳ËáïÁ í³é»É. strike a ~
ñ»ó. (í»ñ»É³Ï, ³Ùμ³ñÓÇã) ~ attendant/shaft ÉáõóÏÇ í³é»É. one of the leading ~s ÷Ëμ.
í»ñ»É³ÏÁ ëå³ë³ñÏáÕ. í»ñ»É³ÏÇ Ñáñ³ï£ ³Ï³Ý³íáñ Ù³ñ¹Ï³ÝóÇó Ù»ÏÁ. The plan
lift [lift] v μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É. ~ the child »ñ»Ë³ÛÇÝ was given the green ~ Ìñ³·ÇñÁ ϳݳã ׳-
μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É. ~ the troops by air é½Ù. ½áñ- ݳå³ñÑ ëï³ó³í:
ù»ñÁ û¹áí ï»Õ³÷áË»É. ~ potatoes/beet-root light [lait] a Éáõë³íáñ, μ³ó. It’s already ~
·Õï. ÷áñ»É/ѳí³ù»É կ³ñïáýÇÉÁ/μ³- ²ñ¹»Ý Éáõë³ó»É ¿. ~ complexion ¹»ÙùÇ μ³ó
½áõÏÁ. The blockade was ~ed ÷Ëμ. Þñç³- ·áõÛÝ. ~ blue/green »ñÏݳ·áõÛÝ. μ³ó ϳݳã:
÷³ÏáõÙÁ ѳÝí»ó/í»ñ³óí»ó. He never ~s a light [lait] a ûè. ~ breakfast/weight/steps
finger ܳ Ù³ïÁ Ù³ïÇÝ ãÇ ï³. The mist is ûè ݳ˳׳ß/ù³ß/ù³ÛÉ»ñ. ~ beer/punish-
~ing سé³ËáõÕÁ μ³ñÓñ³ÝáõÙ ¿. ËëÏó. ment/reading ÃáõÛÉ ·³ñ»çáõñ. ûè å³ïÇÅ.
·áճݳÉ. shop ~ing ·áÕáõÃÛáõÝ Ë³ÝáõÃáõÙ: ½í³ñ׳ÉÇ ÁÝûñó³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ music/com-
ligament [΄ligəmənt] n ϽÙË. çÇÉ, ɳñ, ϳ- edy ûè »ñ³ÅßïáõÃÛáõÝ, áõñ³Ë ϳï³-
å³Ý: Ï»ñ·áõÃÛáõÝ. with a ~ heart ûè ëñïáí. a ~
ligature [΄ligət∫ə] 1. n μÅßÏ. ϳå, ³Ýáó- eater ùã³Ï»ñ. a ~ sleeper ½·³ÛáõÝ/ûè ùÝáÕ.
ϳå. É»½íμ., ïå·ñ. Ïó³·Çñ, ÉÇ·³ïáõñ³. ~ railway ÙëÝ·. ݻշÇÍ »ñϳÃáõÕÇ. (μ³-
»ñÅß. É»·³ïá. 2. v μÅßÏ.³ÝáÃ³Ï³å ¹Ý»É ñ³Ï) ~ dress/coat/blanket ûè ßáñ/í»ñ³ñ-
(Ù»ï³ùë³Ã»Éáí): Ïáõ/ͳÍÏáó. give ~ weight ËëÏó. ûñ³Ïßé»É.
light 483 likeminded

travel ~ ùÇã/ûè áõÕ»μ»éáí ׳Ù÷áñ¹»É: Ù³ñ¹. Ùñ½. ûè³ù³ß Ù³ñ½ÇÏ. ÷Ëμ. áã


light [lait] v í³é»É. ~ a candle/the stove/a bon- Éáõñç/ٳϻñ»ë³ÛÇÝ Ù³ñ¹. 2. a ûè³ù³ß.
fire í³é»É ÙáÙÁ/ë³Éûç³ËÁ/˳ñáõÛÏÁ. (Éáõ- ÷Ëμ. ë³Ï³í³ñÅ»ù:
ë³íáñ»É) The clock ~s up at night ij- like [laik] n ÝÙ³Ý μ³Ý, ÝÙ³ÝÁ. and the/such ~
Ù³óáõÛóÁ ·Çß»ñÁ ÉáõÛë ¿ ï³ÉÇë. It’s time to ~ ¨ ÝÙ³Ý μ³Ý»ñ/³ÛÉÝ. or the ~ ϳ٠áñ¨¿ ÝÙ³Ý
up ųٳݳÏÝ ¿ ÉáõÛëÁ í³é»É. Her face lit up μ³Ý. Did you ever see the ~? ºñμ¨¿ ÝÙ³Ý μ³Ý
÷Ëμ. Üñ³ ¹»ÙùÁ å³Ûͳé³ó³í: ï»ë»±É »ù. That hotel is not for the ~s of us ²Ûë
light bulb [΄lait‚bΛlb] n ¿É. ɳÙå: ÑÛáõñ³ÝáóÁ Ù»ñ ÝÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ μ³ÝÁ ãÇ. L~
lighten [΄laitn] v Éáõë³íáñ»É, Éáõë³Ý³É. cures ~ ê»åÁ ë»åáí »Ý Ñ³ÝáõÙ:
ûè³óÝ»É. ~ the load μ»éÁ ûè³óÝ»É. It like [laik] 1. a ÝÙ³Ý, ѳٳÝÙ³Ý. She is/looks
~ed γÛͳÏÁ ÷³Ûɳï³Ï»ó: ~ her mother ݳ Çñ Ùáñ ÝÙ³Ý ¿. That’s ~ him
lighter I [΄laitə] n (ݳ¨ cigarette ~) í³éÇã, ¸³ Ýñ³ ÝÙ³Ý ¿. in ~ cases ÝÙ³Ý ¹»åù»ñáõÙ.
í³éáó: as ~ as two peas ÙÇ ËÝÓáñ Ï»ë ³ñ³Í. on ~
lighter II [΄laitə] n Íáí. ÉÇËï»ñ (÷áùñ ³é³- subjects ÝÙ³Ý μ³Ý»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ. ~ father ~ son
·³ëï³Ý³í): ÆÝãåÇëÇÝ Ñ³ÛñÝ ¿, ³ÛÝåÇëÇÝ ¿É áñ¹ÇÝ ¿.
light-fingered [‚lait΄fiŋgəd] a ׳ñåÇÏ, ·á- dogs of ~ breed ÙÇ ï»ë³ÏÇ/ó»ÕÇ ßÝ»ñ. very ~
Õ³μ³ñá: enough 2. adv ß³ï ѳí³Ý³Ï³Ý/Ñݳ-
light-footed [‚lait΄futid] a ³ñ³·³ß³ñÅ, ñ³íáñ. swim ~ a fish ÓÏ³Ý ÝÙ³Ý ÉáÕ³É:
׳ñåÇÏ, ÅÇñ: like [laik] prep ÝÙ³Ý. Her house is ~ mine Üñ³
light-headed [‚lait΄hedid] a ûè³ÙÇï. ïáõÝÁ ÇÙÇ ÝÙ³Ý ¿. She‘s ~ a sister to me ܳ
·É˳åïáõÛï áõÝ»óáÕ. He felt ~ ¶É˳- ÇÝÓ Ñ³Ù³ñ ùñáç ÝÙ³Ý ¿. Just ~ a man!
åïáõÛï ½·³ó: ËëÏó., ÏïÏ. ƯÝã ϳñ»ÉÇ ¿ ïÕ³Ù³ñ¹áõó
light-hearted [‚lait΄ha:tid] a ³ÝÑá·, ëå³ë»É. ~ that ³Û¹åÇëÇÝ. Do it ~ that
áõñ³Ë: ²Û¹å»ë ³ñ³. feel ~ crying ɳóÁ ·³É look ~
lighthouse [΄laithaus] n ÷³ñáë. ~ keeper nothing on earth áã ÙÇ μ³ÝÇ ÝÙ³Ý ãÉÇÝ»É.
÷³ñáëÁ å³ë³ñÏáÕ/ϳé³í³ñÇã: something ~ 100 dol Ùáï³íáñ³å»ë ѳñÛáõñ
lighting [΄laitiŋ] n Éáõë³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. μ»ÙÇ ¹áɳñ£
Éáõë³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ man μ»ÙÇ Éáõë³íáñÇã like [laik] v ëÇñ»É, ѳí³Ý»É, ѳٳÏñ»É. I ~
(Ù³ñ¹). ~ up time Éáõë³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ùdzó- grapes/playing the piano »ë ëÇñáõÙ »Ù ˳-
Ý»Éáõ ųٳݳÏÁ: ÕáÕ/¹³ßݳÙáõñ Ýí³·»É. I ~ it here ÆÝÓ ³Ûë-
lightly [΄laitli] adv ûè³ÏÇ, ùÝùßáñ»Ý. ~ ï»Õ ¹áõñ ¿ ·³ÉÇë. How do you ~ tea?
clad ûè ѳ·Ýí³Í. a ~ /soft boiled egg ÆÝãåÇëDZ Ã»Û »ù ·»ñ³¹³ëáõÙ. (áõ½»Ý³É)
ûñË³ß Óáõ. touch smth ~ ûè³ÏÇ ¹Çåã»É. As you ~ ÆÝãå»ë Ïáõ½»ù. I’d ~ Îáõ½»Ý³ÛÇ:
get off ~ Ñ»ßï ¹áõñë åñÍÝ»É. speak ~ of smn likeable [΄laikəbl] a ѳ׻ÉÇ, ¹áõñ»Ï³Ý,
Ù»ÏÇ Ù³ëÇÝ ³Ýѳñ·³ÉÇó Ëáë»É: ·ñ³íÇã£
lightmeter [΄lait‚mi:tə] n ¿ùëå³ÝáÙ»ïñ: likelihood [΄laiklihud] n ѳí³Ý³Ï³Ýáõ-
light-minded [‚lait΄maindid] a ûè³ÙÇï: ÃÛáõÝ. in all ~ ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝ Ñ³í³Ý³Ï³Ýáõ-
lightning [΄laitniŋ] n ϳÛͳÏ. sheet/heat/sum- ÃÛ³Ùμ. degree of ~ ѳí³Ý³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ³u-
mer ~ ÷³Ûɳï³ÏáõÙ, ÷³ÛɳÏ. struck by ~ ïÇ׳ÝÁ:
ϳÛͳÏݳѳñ. like ~ ϳÛͳÏݳÛÇÝ ³ñ³- likely [΄laikli] a ѳí³Ý³Ï³Ý. He is ~ to come
·áõÃÛ³Ùμ. ~ conductor ß³Ýóñ·»É: гí³Ý³Ï³Ý ¿, áñ ݳ ·³. We’re not ~ to stay
lightning-bug [΄laitniŋbΛg] n Éáõë³ïïÇÏ: г½Çí û Ù»Ýù ÙݳÝù. Where is he ~ to be?
lightning-rod [΄laitniŋrɒd] n ß³Ýóñ·»É: àñï»±Õ Ï³ñáÕ ¿ ݳ ÉÇÝ»É. a ~ story ×ßÙ³ñ-
lightship [΄lait∫ip] n ÉáÕ³óáÕ ÷³ñáë: ï³ÝÙ³Ý/×ßÙ³ñï³óÇ å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ. the
lightsome I [΄laitsəm] a ûè, ݳ½³ÝÇ, í³- most ~ time ³Ù»Ý³Ñ³í³Ý³Ï³Ý ųٳݳ-
Û»Éã³Ï³½Ù. ÏÁ:
lightsome II [΄laitsəm] a Éáõë³íáñ, í³é, likely [΄laikli] adv ѳí³Ý³μ³ñ (ݳ¨ most
å³Ûͳé: /very ~). as ~ as not Ùdzݷ³Ù³ÛÝ Ñ³í³Ý³-
light-weight [΄laitweit] 1. n ûè³ù³ß Ï³Ý ¿:
likeness 484 line

likeminded [‚laik΄maindid] a ѳٳËáÑ, ÑáõÃÛáõÝÁ ³Ýë³ÑÙ³Ý ¿. be stretched to the ~


ѳٳÙÇï ³ÝÓ. We are very ~ Ø»Ýù ÝáõÛÝ áõÅ»ñÁ ËÇëï ɳñí³Í. This is the ~! Beyond
Ó¨áí »Ýù Ùï³ÍáõÙ: ~! ê³ ³ñ¹»Ý ã³÷Ý ³ÝóÝáõÙ ¿:
likeness [΄laiknəs] n ÝÙ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. The por- limit [΄limit] v ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï»É. Our time is ~
trait is a good ~ ÜϳñáõÙ ß³ï ÝÙ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ed Ø»ñ ųٳݳÏÁ ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï ¿:
ϳ. speaking ~ Ù»ÏÇ ÇëÏ³Ï³Ý å³ïÏ»ñÁ. limitation [‚limi΄tei∫n] n ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáõÙ,
ë³ëïÇÏ ÝÙ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. in the ~ of a friend ÁÝ- ë³հÙ³Ý, ³Ù»Ý³í»ñçÇÝ Å³ÙÏ»ï. (å³Ï³-
Ï»ñáç ¹ÇÙ³ÏÇ ï³Ï: ëáõÃÛáõÝ, ûñáõÃÛáõÝ) ~ of term ųÙÏ»ïÇ
likes [laiks] n ѳٳÏñ³Ýù. ~ and dislikes ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáõÙ. know one’s own ~s áõÅ»-
ѳٳÏñ³Ýù ¨ ѳϳÏñ³Ýù: ñÁ ×Çßï ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É:
likewise [΄laikwaiz] adv Ýٳݳå»ë, ÝáõÛÝ- limited [΄limitid] a ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï. ~ person
å»ë, ݳ¨: ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï ³ÝÓݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ means
liking [΄laikiŋ] n ѳٳÏñ³Ýù, ë»ñ. have a ~ ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ. a ~ edition ë³Ñ-
for children »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñ ëÇñ»É. ~ for French ٳݳ÷³Ï ïÇñ³Å. a ~ liability company
food ѳí³Ý»É ýñ³ÝëÇ³Ï³Ý ËáѳÝáóÁ ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï å³ï³ë˳ݳïíáõÃÛ³Ùμ
(áõï»ÉÇùÁ). It is not to my ~ ¸³ Ç٠׳߳Ïáí ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
ã¿: limitless [΄laimləs] a ³Ýë³ÑÙ³Ý, ³Ýí»ñç:
lilac [΄lailək] n »Õñ¨³ÝÇ, Û³ë³Ù³Ý: limp [limp] n ϳÕáõÃÛáõÝ:
lily [΄lili] n ßáõß³Ý. water ~ çñ³ßáõß³Ý. lent ~ limp [limp] v ϳճÉ. ~ to the door ϳճÉáí
¹»ÕÇÝ Ý³ñ·Ç½. ~ of the valley Ñáíï³ßáõ- Ùáï»Ý³É ¹é³ÝÁ:
ß³Ý: limp [limp] a ÷³÷áõÏ, ϳÏáõÕ. feel ~ ÃáõÛÉ
lily-livered [‚lili΄livəd] a í³ËÏáï, »ñÏãáï: ½·³É. a ~ handshake Ó»éùÇ ÃáõÛÉ ë»ÕÙáõÙ:
lily-white [‚lili΄wait] a ßáõß³ÝÇ ÝÙ³Ý limpid [΄limpid] a ó÷³ÝóÇÏ:
ëåÇï³Ï: limy [΄laimi] a Ïñ³ÛÇÝ, Ù³ÍáõóÇÏ:
limb I [lim] n ϽÙË. í»ñç³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. ×ÛáõÕ, linage [΄lainidз] n ¿çÇ ïáÕ»ñÇ ù³Ý³ÏÁ:
áëï. ËëÏó. ãÉëáÕ »ñ»Ë³: linden [΄lindən] n ÉáñÇ, Éáñ»ÝÇ:
limb II [lim] n ëϳí³é³Ï (³ñ¨Ç, ÉáõëÝÇ): line [lain] n ·ÇÍ, áõñí³·ÇÍ. curved/straight/
limber [΄limbə] 1. n ×ÏáõÝ, ³ñ³·³ß³ñÅ, dotted ~ Ïáñ/áõÕÇÕ/Ï»ï-Ï»ï ·ÇÍ. ~s on the
׳ñåÇÏ. 2. v ×ÏáõÝ ¹³éݳÉ/¹³ñÓÝ»É. ~ up hand ³÷Ç íñ³ÛÇ ·Í»ñÁ. draw a ~ ·ÇÍ ù³ß»É,
Ù³ñ½³í³ñÅáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É: ·Í»É. ÷Ëμ. ³Ù÷á÷»É. in ~ with ѳٳå³-
lime I [laim] n ÏÇñ. quick ~ ãѳݷ³Í ÏÇñ. ï³ë˳Ý. air ~ û¹³ÛÇÝ ·ÇÍ. production/as-
slack(ed) ~ ѳݷ³Í ÏÇñ: sembly ~ ѳñ³Ñáë. white/starting ~ Ùñ½.
lime II [laim] n ÉÇÙáÝÇ (Ù³Ýñ) ï»ë³Ï, ɳÛÙ: ëåÇï³Ï/Ù»ÏݳñϳÛÇÝ (ëï³ñï³ÛÇÝ) ·ÇÍ.
lime III [laim] n (ݳ¨ ~ tree) ÉáñÇ, Éáñ»ÝÇ: all along the ~ μáÉáñ ³éáõÙÝ»ñáí. forward ~
lime-kiln [΄laimkiln] n ÏÇñ ³Ûñ»Éáõ í³é³- Ùñ½. ³é³çݳÛÇÝ ·ÇÍ. plant trees in a ~
ñ³Ý: ͳé»ñÁ ß³ñùáí (·Íáí) ïÝÏ»É. (å³ñ³Ý,
limelight [΄laimlait] n in the ~ áõß³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÃáÏ) The clothes are on the ~ êåÇï³Ï»Õ»ÝÁ
Ï»ÝïñáÝáõÙ. He loves the ~ ܳ ëÇñáõÙ ¿ ÉÇ- å³ñ³ÝÇ íñ³ ¿. fishing~ ÓÏÝáñë³Ï³Ý
Ý»É áõß³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ï»ÝïñáÝáõÙ: ϳñÃ. front ~ é½Ù. 鳽ٳ׳ϳïÇ ·ÇÍ. be-
limestone [΄laimstəun] n, a Ïñ³ù³ñ. Ïñ³- hind the enemy ~s ÃßݳÙáõ ÃÇÏáõÝùáõÙ. ~ of
ù³ñ³ÛÇÝ, Ïñ³ù³ñ»£ retreat ݳѳÝçÇ ×³Ý³å³ñÑ. ~ of defence
limey [΄laimi] n ³Ù., ËëÏó. ³Ý·ÉdzóÇ: å³ßïå³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ·ÇÍ. ship of the ~ Íáí.
limit [΄limit] n ë³ÑÙ³Ý, ͳÛñ. ÃáõÛɳïñ»ÉÇ/ ·Í³Ý³í. ~ of ancestor ³ÝÙÇç³Ï³Ý ë»-
³é³í»É³·áõÛÝ ã³÷. the ~s of the town ù³- ñáõݹ. (Ñ»é³Ëáë) The ~’s engaged ¶ÇÍÁ
Õ³ùÇ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ. within/beyond the ~s ½μ³Õí³Í ¿. He’s on the ~ ܳ ÑÇÙ³ ËáëáõÙ
ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ/ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇó ¹áõñë. speed/ ¿. Hold the ~ Èë³÷áÕÁ ÙÇ Ï³Ë»ù. It’s a bad
time/weight ~ ³é³í»É³·áõÛÝ ÃáõÛɳï»ÉÇ ~ í³ï ¿ ÉëíáõÙ. Get me a ~ to London
³ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝ/ù³ßÁ ųٳݳϳÛÇÝ ë³ÑÙ³- Ødzóñ»ù ÇÝÓ ÈáݹáÝÇ Ñ»ï. hot ~
ݳ÷³ÏáõÙ. His greed knows no ~ Üñ³ ³·³- áõÕÇÕ/ûŠ·ÇÍ. a party ~ ½áõ·³Ñ»é Ñ»é³-
line 485 lion-hearted

Ëáë. (»ñϳ÷ÇÍ) branch ~ »ñϳÃáõÕáõ ³éÝ»É Ñ³ñóÇ íñ³. Ó·Ó·»É ·áñÍÁ. »ñϳñ
×ÛáõÕ. cross the ~ by the bridge ³ÝóáõÙ »ñ- ÁÝÃñ»É. The illness ~ed on ÐÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝÁ
ϳÃáõÕ³ÛÇÝ Ï³Ùáõñçáí. fall on to the ~ »ñϳñ»ó:
é»Éë»ñÇ íñ³ ÁÝÏÝ»É. (ïáÕ) just a ~ Áݹ³Ù»- lingerie [΄lænзəri:] n ϳݳÝó ëåÇï³Ï»-
ÝÁ ÙÇ »ñÏïáÕ. He didn’t know his ~s óïñ. Õ»Ý:
ܳ Çñ ¹»ñÁ í³ï ·Çï»ñ. read between the ~s lingering [΄liŋgəriŋ] a »ñϳñ³ï¨, ï³Ý-
ïáÕ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨ Ï³ñ¹³É. (ïáÑÙ³·ÇÍ, ͳ- ç³ÉÇó, Ó·Ó·íáÕ. ~ doubts/suspicions »ñϳ-
·áõÙ) male/female ~ ³½·³Ïó³Ï³Ý ³ñ³- ñ³ï¨/Ó·Ó·íáÕ Ï³ëϳÍÝ»ñ:
ϳÝ/Ç·³Ï³Ý ·ÇÍ. in the male ~ he ³ñ³Ï³Ý lingo [΄liŋgəu] n ³ñÑÙ. ûï³ñ/³ÝѳëϳݳÉÇ
·Íáí ݳ. He is the last of the royal ~ ܳ É»½áõ. Ù³ëݳ·Çï³Ï³Ý ųñ·áÝ:
ó·³íáñ³Ï³Ý ïáÑÙÇ í»ñçÇÝ ß³é³íÇÕÝ lingual [΄liŋgwəl] a ϽÙË. É»½íÇ. É»½íμ. É»½-
¿. (ï³ñμ»ñ) hard ~s ¹Åμ³ËïáõÃÛáõÝ. know í³ÛÇÝ:
where to draw the ~ ã³÷Ý ÇٳݳÉ. ~ of linguist [΄liŋgwist] n É»½í³μ³Ý:
thought Ùïù»ñÇ ÁÝóóù. be on the wrong linguistic [liŋ΄gwistik] a É»½í³·Çï³Ï³Ý,
~ ëË³É áõÕáõ íñ³ ÉÇÝ»É. take the ~ of É»½í³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý:
least resistance ³Ù»Ý³ÃáõÛÉ ¹ÇÙ³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý linguistics [liŋ΄gwistiks] n É»½í³μ³Ýáõ-
·Íáí ÁÝóݳÉ. take a strong ~ ѳëï³- ÃÛáõÝ:
ïáõÝ ¹Çñù ·ñ³í»É. What’s your ? ËëÏó. liniment [΄linəmənt] n ùëáõù Ù»ñë»Éáõ ѳ-
ÆÝãá±í »ù ½μ³Õí³Í. a new ~ in coats Ù³ñ:
í»ñ³ñÏáõÝ»ñÇ Ýáñ Ó¨. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ chart ·Í³- lining [΄lainiŋ] n å³ëï³é, å³ëï³éÇ
ï³Ëï³Ï£ Ïïáñ. å³ëï³éáõÙ:
line [lain] v ·Í»É, ïáÕ»É. ß³ñí»É, ß³ñù link [liŋk] n ûÕ³Ï, ϳå. ~s ßÕóݻñ, ϳ-
ϳݷݻÉ. »ñϳñáõÃÛ³Ùμ ϳݷݻÉ, Ó·í»É. a å³ÝùÝ»ñ. the missing ~ μ³ó³Ï³ÛáÕ/å³Ï³-
face ~d with age Í»ñáõÃÛáõÝÇó ËáñßáÙ³Í ëáÕ ûÕ³ÏÁ. cultural ~s Ùß³ÏáõóÛÇÝ Ï³-
¹»Ùù. ~d paper ïáÕ³Í ÃáõÕÃ, ~ up on the å»ñ:
square ß³ñù Ï³Ý·Ý»É Ññ³å³ñ³ÏáõÙ. ~ up link [liŋk] v ÙdzóÝ»É, ϳå»É, ϳå³Ïó»É.
in front of the box office ïáÙë³ñÏÕÇ Ùáï ~ed by common interests ÁݹѳÝáõñ Ñ»-
Ñ»ñà ϳݷݻÉ. ~ with fur ÙáñÃÇáí ½³ñ- ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí ϳåí³Í ~ arms Ó»éù
¹³ñ»É. ~ the coat with silk í»ñ³ñÏáõÇÝ Ù»- Ó»éùÇ ï³É. be ~ed by the telephone Ñ»-
ï³ùë» ³ëï³é ϳñ»É: é³Ëáë³Ï³å áõÝ»Ý³É ~ up ÙdzݳÉ:
lineage [΄linidз] n ïáÑٳͳé, ͳ·áõÙ, link [liŋk] n ç³Ñ:
ïáÑÙ: linkage [΄liŋkidз] n ÙdzóáõÙ, ϳå. ÷á˳-
lineal [΄liniəl] a ·Í³ÛÇÝ. ųé³Ý·³Ï³Ý: ¹³ñÓ Ï³å/ϳåí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ:
lineament [΄liniəmənt] n ¹ÇÙ³·ÇÍ. ~s ï³ñ- links [liŋks] n ·áÉý ˳ճÉáõ ¹³ßï:
μ»ñÇã ·ÇÍ: linnet [΄linit] n ϻݹ. ϳݻ÷³Ï»ñ, ϳݻ÷³-
linear [΄liniə] a ·Í³ÛÇÝ: ѳí:
lined [΄laind] a ÏÝ×éáï, ³Ïáëí³Í: linocut [΄lainəukΛt] n (ÉÇÝá)÷áñ³·ñ³Ýϳñ:
lineman [΄lainmən] n (ѻ鳷Çñ, Ñ»é³Ëáë) linoleum [li΄nəuliəm] n ÉÇÝáÉ»áõÙ:
·Í³ÛÇÝ Ýáñá·áÕ (ÙáÝïÛáñ). »ñÏÃ. ßñç³- linotype [΄lainəutaip] n ïáÕ³ïÇå, ÉÇÝá-
·³ÛáÕ áõÕ»å³Ñ: ïÇå:
linen [΄linin] n, a ù³Ã³Ý, Ïï³í. ëåÇï³Ï»- linseed [΄linsi:d] n Ïï³í³ïÇ ë»ñÙ:
Õ»Ý. íáõßÇ, íáõßÛ³: linsey-woolsey [‚linzi΄wulzi] n ÏÇë³μñ¹Û³
liner [΄lainə] n Ù³ñ¹³ï³ñ ß᷻ݳí. »ñó- Ïáßï ·áñÍí³Íù:
ÛÇÝ ÇÝùݳÃÇé, ɳÛÝ»ñ. bin ~ ó»Éáý³ÝÇ liny [΄laini] a ÏÝ×éáï, ³Ïáëí³Í:
ïáåñ³Ï ³Õμ³ñÏÕÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ (ëáíñ. ë¨): lion [΄laiən] n ³éÛáõÍ. the ~’s share ÷Ëμ. ³é-
linesman [΄lainzmən] n Ùñ½. ·Í³ÛÇÝ ¹³ï³- ÛáõÍÇ μ³ÅÇÝÁ. as bold as a ~ ù³ç ÇÝãå»ë
íáñ: ³éÛáõÍ:
linger [΄liŋgə] v ѳå³Õ»É, áõ߳ݳÉ, lioness [΄laiənəs] n ¿· ³éÛáõÍ:
Ó·Ó·í»É. ~ over a problem/a job/supper ϳݷ lion-hearted [‚laiən΄ha:tid] a ³éÛáõͳ-
lip 486 litigant

ëÇñï, ù³ç, ³ñÇ: ѳ׳ËáõÙÝ»ñÇ óáõó³Ï. subscription ~ μ³-


lip [lip] n ßñÃáõÝù, ßáõñÃ. upper/lower ~ í»ñÇÝ Å³Ýáñ¹³·ñáõÃÛ³Ý óáõó³Ï. ~ of wanteds
/ëïáñÇÝ ßñÃáõÝù. full/thin/thick /well-cut /dry/ Ñ»ï³Ëáõ½íáÕ ³ÝÓ³Ýó óáõó³Ï. be on the
compressed/ twisted ~s ÉÇùÁ/μ³ñ³Ï/ѳëï / active ~ é½Ù. ͳé³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É. ~ price
Ñëï³Ï ·Í³·ñí³Í/ãáñ /ë»ÕÙí³Í / ÍéÙéí³Í ëϽμÝ³Ï³Ý ·ÇÝ. price ~ ·Ý³óáõó³Ï. ma-
ßñÃáõÝù. pout/paint/bite one’s ~s ßáõñûñÁ ke/complete/draw up a ~ óáõó³Ï ϳ½Ù»É:
ë»ÕÙ»É/Ý»ñÏ»É/ÏÍ»É. read smb’s ~s, lipread list II [list] 1. n Íáí. ûùí³Íù, Ïáճû-
ßñÃáõÝùÝ»ñÇ ß³ñÅáõÙÇó Ïé³Ñ»É ³ë³ÍÁ. ùáõÙ.The ship has a ~ to port ܳíÁ ûùíáõÙ ¿
with parted ~s μ»ñ³ÝÁ μ³ó. none of your ~s Ó³Ë ÏáÕÙÇ íñ³. 2. v Ïáճûùí»É:
ËëÏó. ³é³ó ѳݹ·ÝáõÃÛ³Ý, ãÏáåï»É. list [list] v óáõó³Ï ϳ½Ù»É, óáõó³ÏÇ Ù»ç
smack one’s ~s ßñÃáõÝùÝ»ñÁ Éåëï»É. ÷Ëμ. ÙïóÝ»É. Ãí³ñÏ»É. ïÝï. ·Ý³Ýß»É. He is not
μ»ñ³ÝÇ çáõñÁ ·Ý³É: curl one’s ~ μ»ñ³ÝÝ ~ed Üñ³ ³ÝáõÝÁ óáõó³ÏáõÙ ãϳ. ~ on stock
³ñѳٳñѳÝùáí Íé»É: exchange ³ñÅ»ÃÕûñ ·Ý³Ýᯐ μáñë³ÛáõÙ:
lip-deep [΄lip‚di:p] a Ï»ÕÍ, áã ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ: listed [listid] a óáõó³Ï³·ñí³Í. ïÝï. ·Ý³-
lip-language [΄lip‚læŋgwidз] n ßáõñûñÇ Ýßí³Í. ~ securities μáñë³ÛáõÙ ·Ý³Ýßí³Í
ß³ñÅáõÙÇó ËáëùÁ ѳëϳݳÉáõ áõݳÏáõ- ³ñÅ»ÃÕûñ:
ÃÛáõÝ (ËáõÉáõѳÙñÇ). ï»°ë ݳ¨ lipreading: listen [΄lisn] v Éë»É, áõÝÏݹñ»É. ~ to music.
lipreading [΄lip‚ri:diŋ] n ßñÃáõÝùÝ»ñÇó »ñ³ÅßïáõÃÛáõÝ Éë»É. Don’t ~ to him ØÇ° ÉëÇñ
ϳñ¹³ÉÁ. ËáëùÁ ßñÃáõÝùÝ»ñÇ ß³ñÅáõÙáí Ýñ³Ý. ~ closely/carefuly/attentively áõß³¹Çñ
ѳëϳݳÉáõ ϳñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ: Éë»É. ~ in é³¹Çá Éë»É. L~ here/to me ËëÏó.
lipstick [΄lipstik] n ßñÃÝ»ñÏ: ÆÝÓ Éë»°ù:
liqueur [li΄kjuə] n ÉÇÏÛáñ: listener [΄lisnə] n ÉëáÕ, áõÝÏݹÇñ. é½Ù.
liquid [΄likwid] 1. n Ñ»ÕáõÏ. 2. a Ñ»ÕáõÏ, çñ³- Éëáñ¹, Ó³ÛÝáñëÇã. a bad ~ áõñÇßÝ»ñÇÝ ãÇ
ÉÇ, çñÇ. ~ assets ýÇÝ. ¹ÛáõñÇñ³óÝ»ÉÇ ÙÇçáó- ÉëáõÙ:
Ý»ñ: listing [΄listiŋ] n ïÝï. ·Ý³ÝßáõÙ. ~ particu-
liquidate [΄likwideit] v í»ñ³óÝ»É, ÉáõͳñùÇ lars ·Ý³ÝßÙ³Ý ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ. black ~ ë¨ óáõ-
»ÝóñÏ»É. ëå³Ý»É, áãÝã³óÝ»É. (å³ñïùÁ) ó³Ï:
í׳ñ»É. ~d claim Çñ³í. ³ÝíÇ׳ñÏ»ÉÇ listless [΄listləs] a ³Ýï³ñμ»ñ:
ѳÛó. ~d damages íݳë³Ñ³ïáõóáõÙ ³ÝíÇ-
literacy [΄litrəsi] n ·ñ³·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ:
׳ñÏ»ÉÇ ·Ýáí:
literal [΄litrəl] a ï³é³óÇ, μ³é³óÇ, ï³é ³é
liquidation [‚likwi΄dei∫n] n ÉáõͳñáõÙ, í»- ï³é. a ~ translation μ³é³óÇ Ã³ñ·Ù³Ýáõ-
ñ³óáõÙ. å³ñïùÇ í׳ñáõÙ. go into ~ Çñ³í.
ÃÛáõÝ:
Éáõͳñí»É. voluntary ~ ϳٳíáñ ÉáõͳñáõÙ:
literally [΄litrəli] adv ï³é³óÇáñ»Ý. μ³é³-
liquidator [΄likwideitə] n ÉáõͳñáõÙÝ Çñ³ó- óÇáñ»Ý. We were ~ starving ËëÏó. Ø»Ýù ï³-
ÝáÕ ³ÝÓ, í»ñ³óÝáÕ:
é³óÇáñ»Ý ù³ÕóÇó Ù»éÝáõÙ ¿ÇÝù:
liquidize [΄likwidaiz] v Ñ»ÕáõÏ ¹³ñÓÝ»É: literary [΄litrəri] a ·ñ³Ï³Ý. a ~ man ·ñ³Ï³-
liquidizer [΄likwidaizə] n ÙÇùë»ñ:
ݳ·»ï. ·ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ·Çï³Ï. the ~ pro-
liquor [΄likə] n ËÙÇãù, ÁÙå»ÉÇù. hard ~ á·»-
fession ·ñ³Ï³Ý³·»ïÝ»ñÁ:
ÉÇó ËÙÇãù. in ~ ѳñμ³Í, ËÙ³Í. sale of ~
á·»ÉÇó ËÙÇãùÇ í³×³éù. keep off ~ Ñ»ï
literate [΄litrət] n ·ñ³·»ï. ϳñ¹³ó³Í,
ÏñÃí³Í:
å³Ñ»É/Ëáõë³÷»É á·»ÉÇó ËÙÇãùÝ»ñÇó:
lisp [lisp] n ëíëí³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝ. Ëßßáó, literature [΄litrət∫ə] n ·ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. grey
ßñßÛáõÝ: ~ ·áñß/Áݹѳï³ÏÛ³ ·ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
lisp [lisp] v ëíëí³Ëáë»É. ÃáÃáí»É (»ñ»Ë³): lithe [laið] a ×ÏáõÝ:
list I [list] n óáõó³Ï, ó³ÝÏ. put on the ~ óáõ- lithograph [΄liðəugra:f] n ïå·ñ. íÇÙ³·ñáõ-
ó³ÏÇ Ù»ç ÙïóÝ»É. take out of the ~ óáõó³ÏÇó ÃÛáõÝ, íÇÙ³ïåáõÃÛáõÝ, ÉÇÃá·ñ³ýdz, íÇ-
ѳݻÉ. shopping ~ ·ÝáõÙÝ»ñÇ óáõó³Ï. ~ of Ù³·ñ³Ï³Ý Ù³ÙáõÉ:
shareholders μ³ÅÝ»ï»ñ»ñÇ óáõó³Ï. duty ~ lithography [li΄ðɒgrəfi] n ïå·ñ. íÇ-
Ñ»ñóå³ÑáõÃÛ³Ý óáõó³Ï. attendance ~ Ù³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ, íÇÙ³ïåáõÃÛáõÝ:
litigate 487 livery

litigant [΄litigənt] n ¹³ï³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙ. littoral [΄litərəl] 1. n ³÷, Íáí³÷. 2. a


¹³ï³íÇ×áÕ ÏáÕÙ: ³é³÷ÝÛ³, Íáí³÷ÝÛ³:
litigate [΄litigeit] v ¹³ï³íÇ×»É, ¹³ïÇ Ù»ç liturgy [΄litədзi] n »Ï»Õ. å³ï³ñ³·:
ÙïÝ»É: livable [΄livəbl] a μݳϻÉÇ, ³åñ»Éáõ ѳٳñ
litigation [‚liti΄gei∫n] n ¹³ï³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝ: åÇï³ÝÇ. ï³Ý»ÉÇ, ѳݹáõñÅ»ÉÇ:
litmus [΄litməs] n ùÇÙ. ɳÏÙáõë ~ paper ɳÏ- live [liv] v ³åñ»É, ÉÇÝ»É, μݳÏí»É. ~ by one’s
ÙáõëÇ ÃáõÕÃ: labour Çñ ³ß˳ï³Ýùáí ³åñ»É. ~ to be old
litter [΄litə] n ÍÇÝ (³Ý³ëáõÝÝ»ñÇ). ³Õμ: ³åñ»É ÙÇÝ㨠ͻñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ abroad ³ñï³-
litter [΄litə] v ÍÝ»É. Ï»Õïáï»É, ß³Õ ï³É. The ë³ÑÙ³ÝáõÙ ³åñ»É. ~ on vegetables μ³Ýç³-
room is ~ed with ê»ÝÛ³Ïáõ٠ó÷Ã÷í³Í ñ»Õ»Ýáí ëÝí»É. ~ out ϻݹ³ÝÇ/áÕç ÙݳÉ. as
¿ÇÝ… The table is ~ed with papers ê»Õ³ÝÝ long as I ~ ù³ÝÇ ¹»é ³åñáõÙ »Ù. ~ and learn,
³ÙμáÕçáõÃÛ³Ùμ ͳÍÏí³Í ¿ ÃÕûñáí. The One ~s and learns ø³ÝÇ ³åñ»ë, ³ÛÝù³Ý åÇ-
cat/dog has had a ~ of 5 kittens/puppies γ- ïÇ ëáíáñ»ë. ~ alone Ù»Ý³Ï ³åñ»É. ~ double
ïáõÝ ¨ ßáõÝÁ ÍÝ»óÇÝ ÑÇÝ·³Ï³Ý Ó³· life »ñϳÏÇ ÏÛ³Ýù ³åñ»É. ~ on ~ on one`s
(ϳïíÇ Ó³· ¨ ùáÃáÃ): salary ³ß˳ï³í³ñÓáí ³åñ»É. His memory
litter-bearer [΄litə‚beərə] n ë³ÝÇï³ñ: ~s on Üñ³ ÑÇß³ï³ÏÁ ϻݹ³ÝÇ ¿. ~ out áõ-
littery [΄litəri] a ³Õμáï, ³Õμáï³Í, ³Ý- ñÇß ï»Õ ³åñ»É. Her servants ~ out Üñ³ ͳ-
ϳñ·: é³Ý»ñÁ »ñè»Ï »Ý. They ~ out on tins Üñ³Ýù
little [΄litl] n ùÇã μ³Ý. ÷áùñ/³ÝÝß³Ý ù³Ý³- ëÝíáõÙ »Ý å³Ñ³ÍáÝ»ñáí. ~ up to ³åñ»É
ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ ÙÇ ùÇã. not a ~ áã ùÇã, ß³ï. ~ ѳٳӳÛÝ (ëϽμáõÝùÝ»ñÇ, ѳÙá½ÙáõÝùÝ»-
or nothing ѳٳñÛ³ áãÇÝã. stay for a ~ ϳñ× ñÇ). ~ up to one’s reputation Çñ ѳÙμ³íÁ/
ųٳݳÏáí ÙݳÉ. Wait a ~ ØÇ ùÇã í³ñÏÁ ³ñ¹³ñ³óÝ»É. ~ with ѳßíÇ Ýëï»É.
ëå³ë»ù. after a ~ ÙÇ ùÇã Ñ»ïá. ~ by ~ You have to ~ with the situation êïÇåí³Í »ù
ϳٳó-ϳٳó, ùÇã-ùÇã. in ~ ÷áùñ³Í³- ѳßíÇ Ýëï»É/³éÝ»É Çñ³íÇ׳ÏÁ. ~ from
í³É. ÷áùñ Ù³ëßï³μáí. Give me a ~ îí»ù hand to mouth ͳÛñÁ ͳÛñÇÝ Ñ³ëóݻɣ
ÇÝÓ ÙÇ ùÇã. Very ~ helps ²Ù»Ý ùãÇó ¿É û·áõï live [laiv] a ϻݹ³ÝÇ, áÕç. Ññ³ï³å, Ï»Ýë³-
ϳ. (ùÇã) know ~ ùÇã ÇٳݳÉ. I see ~ of her ϳÝ. a ~ fish ϻݹ³ÝÇ ÓáõÏ. The programme
ºë Ýñ³Ý ùÇã »Ù ï»ëÝáõÙ I could make ~ of comes to you ~ Ìñ³·ÇñÁ áõÕÇÕ »Ã»ñáõÙ ¿. a
him ºë Ýñ³Ý ѳٳñÛ³ ã»Ù ѳëϳÝáõÙ: ~ cartridge Ù³ñï³Ï³Ý/ãû·ï³·áñÍí³Í
little [΄litl] a åëïÇÏ, ÷áùñÇÏ, áã Ù»Í. a ~ boy/ ÷³Ù÷áõßï. a ~ wire Ñáë³ÝùÇ ï³Ï ·ïÝíáÕ
bird ÷áùñÇÏ ïÕ³/ÃéãÝÇÏ. (ùÇã.÷áùñ) ~ time ¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³Ý ɳñ:
ùÇã ųٳݳÏ. the ~ finger ×ÏáõÛÃ. the ~ one’s livelihood [΄laivlihud] n ³åñ»É³ÙÇçáó,
åëïÇÏÝ»ñÁ. the ~ Browns ´ñ³áõÝÝ»ñÇ »ñ»- ³åñáõëï. pick up a ~ ³åñáõëï ѳÛóÛûÉ.
˳ݻñÁ. the L~ Bear öáùñ ²ñç (ѳٳëï»- means of ~ ·áÛáõÃÛ³Ý/³åñáõëïÇ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ.
ÕáõÃÛáõÝ). (ÙÇ ùÇã) know a ~ German ÙÇ ùÇã source of ~ ³åñáõëïÇ ³ÕμÛáõñ:
·»ñٳݻñ»Ý ÇٳݳÉ. have a ~ soup ÙÇ ùÇã liveliness [΄laivlinəs] n ³ßËáõÅáõÃÛáõÝ, Ï»Ý-
³åáõñ áõï»É. have a ~ drop ÙÇ ÏáõÙ ËÙ»É. ¹³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
Poor ~ girl! Ê»Õ× ³ÕçÇÏ. Don’t let ~ things livelong [΄livlɒŋ] a ³ÙμáÕç, áÕç (ûñ/³ÙÇë/
upset yûu ØÇ Ñáõ½í»ù Ù³Ýñ μ³Ý»ñÇó: ï³ñÇ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ):
little [΄litl] adv ùÇã. a ~ ÙÇ ÷áùñ, ÙÇ ùÇã. He’s lively [΄laivli] a ϻݹ³ÝÇ, ³ßËáõÛÅ, ϳÛï³é.
~ known ܳ ùÇã ¿ ѳÛïÝÇ, Üñ³Ý ùÇã »Ý ×³- a ~ child ϳÛï³é »ñ»Ë³. ~ mind ϻݹ³ÝÇ
ݳãáõÙ. as ~ as possible áñù³Ý Ñݳñ³íáñ ¿ ÙÇïù. a ~ argument ³ßËáõÛÅ/ûŠí»×:
ùÇã. He’s ~ more than a boy ܳ ¹»é ïÕ³ liven [΄laivn] v (ݳ¨ liven up) ϻݹ³Ý³óÝ»É.
¿/»ñ»Ë³ ¿. He’s ~ better than a thief ܳ The tourists ~ up the town ¼μáë³ßñçÇÏÝ»ñÁ
·áÕÇó áãÝãáí ɳí ã¿. It’s ~ short of madness ³ßËáõųóÝáõÙ »Ý ù³Õ³ùÁ:
¸³ ѳٳñÛ³ ˻ɳ·³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ¿. I ~ dreamt live-oak [΄laiv‚əuk] n ë¨ Ï³ÕÝÇ (³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý
that Øïùáíë ¿É ã¿ñ ³ÝóÝáõÙ: ͳé):
littleness [΄litlnəs] n ³ÝÝß³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ãÝãÇÝ liver [΄livə] n ϽÙË. ÉÛ³ñ¹ (ݳ¨ Ï»ñ³Ïáõñ):
ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. Ù³ÝñáõÃÛáõÝ: liverish [΄livəri∫] a ÷Ëμ. Ù³ÕÓáï, ÃáõÝáï.
live-stock 488 local

ųÝï: loading [΄ləudiŋ] n μ»éÝáõÙ, μ³ñÓáõÙ.


livery [΄livəri] n ëå³ë³½·»ëï, ÷Ëμ. ͳÍ- ÉÇóù³íáñáõÙ, ÉÇóù:
ÏáõÛÃ. winter ~ of birds ÃéãáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÓÙ»é³ÛÇÝ load-pack [΄ləudpæk] n ѳÏ, μ»é:
÷»ïñ³íáñáõÙ: loaf [ləuf] n, v μáùáÝ (ë¨). μ³ïáÝ, μáõÉÏÇ
live-stock [΄laivstɒk] n ÁÝï³ÝÇ Ï»Ý¹³ÝÇ- (ëåÇï³Ï). ß³ù³ñÇ ·ÉáõË (ݳ¨ sugar ~).
Ý»ñ: ËëÏó. ·ÉáõË:
livid [΄livid] a ·áñß, ϳå³ñ³·áõÛÝ. ·áõ- loafer [΄ləufə] n ¹³ï³ñϳåáñï/ÍáõÛÉ
ݳó÷, Ù»é»É³·áõÛÝ: Ù³ñ¹:
living [΄liviŋ] n ÏÛ³Ýù, ³åñ»É³Ï»ñå. Ï»Ý- loam [ləum] n å³ñ³ñï ϳí³ÑáÕ. ϳճ-
ó³Õ, Ï»Ýë³Ó¨. standard of ~, ~ standard Ï»Ý- å³ñÙ³Ý Ï³í. sandy ~ ³í³½³ÑáÕ:
ë³Ù³Ï³ñ¹³Ï. high ~ ÷³ñóÙ/×áË ÏÛ³Ýù. loamy [΄ləumi] a ϳí³ÛÇÝ, ϳí³Ë³éÝ:
plain ~ ѳٻëï/å³ñ½ ÏÛ³Ýù. ~ conditions loan [ləun] n ÷á˳éáõÃÛáõÝ, í³ñÏ. interest-
Ï»Ýó³Õ³ÛÇÝ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ. a ~ wage free ~ ³ÝïáÏáë í³ñÏ/÷á˳éáõÃÛáõÝ. long-
Ï»Ýë³å³ÑáíÙ³Ý Ýí³½³·áõÛÝ. (³å- term ~ »ñϳñ³ï¨ í³ñÏ. low–interest ~ ³ñ-
ñáõëï) make/earn one’s ~ ³åñáõëïÁ ѳÛ- ïáÝÛ³É å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáí ÷á˳éáõÃÛáõÝ. ~
óÛûÉ. ~ on the bread-line ·áÛáõÃÛ³Ý Í³Ûñ agreement ÷á˳éáõÃÛ³Ý å³Ûٳݳ·Çñ. ~
³ëïÇ׳Ý. ³Õù³ï ÏÛ³Ýù. capital ÷á˳éí³Í ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ. ~ interest ÷á-
living [΄liviŋ] a ϻݹ³ÝÇ. no man ~ ³ß˳ñ- ˳ïíáõÃÛ³Ý ß³Ñ. secured ~ »ñ³ß˳íáñ-
ÑáõÙ áã áù. within ~ memory (ϻݹ³ÝÇ) í³Í ÷á˳ïíáõÃÛáõÝ. state ~ å»ï³Ï³Ý
Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç. ~ image ÷á˳ïíáõÃÛáõÝ repayment of a ~ í³ñÏÇ
ϻݹ³ÝÇ å³ïÏ»ñ (ß³ï ÝÙ³Ý). the greatest Ù³ñáõÙ. domestic ~ Ý»ñùÇÝ ÷á˳éáõÃÛáõÝ:
~ musician ųٳݳϳÏÇó ٻͳ·áõÛÝ »ñ³- loan [ləun] v ÷á˳éáõÃÛáõÝ/÷áË/í³ñÏ ï³É.
ÅÇßïÁ: ÷áË ³éÝ»É. I ~ed my brother’s car ºÕμáñë
living-room [΄liviŋrum] n ÑÛáõñ³ë»ÝÛ³Ï: Ù»ù»Ý³Ý ÷áË í»ñóñÇ:
lizard [΄lizəd] n ÙáÕ»ë: loan-translation [΄ləuntræns‚lei∫n] n É»½íμ.
llama [΄la:mə] n ϻݹ. ɳٳ, áõÕï³ÛÍ: å³ï׻ݳíáñáõÙ, å³ï×»ÝáõÙ:
load [ləud] n μ»é, μ»éÝí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ of coal loan-word [΄ləunwə:d] n ÷á˳éÝí³Í μ³é,
³ÍËÇ μ»é. peak ~ ³é³í»É³·áõÛÝ μ»éÝí³- ÷á˳éáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ. heavy/huge/tremendous ~ ͳÝñ/ loath [ləuθ] a ³Ýïñ³Ù³¹Çñ, ¹ÅϳÙ. be ~
ÑëÏ³Û³Ï³Ý μ»é. work ~ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ Í³- ãó³ÝϳݳÉ. be ~ to leave ãó³ÝÏ³Ý³É Ù»Ï-
í³É. a ~ off one’s mind áõë»ñÇó μ»é ÁÝÏÝ»É. Ý»É. nothing ~ ëÇñáí, áõñ³ËáõÃÛ³Ùμ:
ͳÝñ μ»éÇó ³½³ïí»É. ~s ËëÏó. Ù»Í ù³- loathe [ləuð] v ½½í³Ýù ½·³É. ËëÏó. ãëÇñ»É,
ݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ~s of time/people Ù»Í ù³Ý³Ïáõ- ³ï»É. I ~ housework î³Ý»É ã»Ù ϳñáÕ
ÃÛ³Ùμ ųٳݳÏ/Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ. (ï³ñμ»ñ) teach- ïݳÛÇÝ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ:
ing ~ Ù³Ýϳí³ñÅ³Ï³Ý Í³Ýñ³μ»éÝí³- loathsome [΄ləuðsəm] a ½½í»ÉÇ, ÝáÕϳÉÇ:
ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ of rubbish ÑÇÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. a heavy lob [lɒb] n Ùñ½. “ ÙáÙ” ѳñí³Í. ~ an opponent
~ of responsibility å³ï³ë˳ݳïíáõÃÛ³Ý over ßñç³Ýó»É Ùñó³ÏóÇÝ “ÙáÙ “ ѳñí³Íáí:
ͳÝñ μ»é: lobby [΄lɒbi]1. n ݳ˳ë»ÝÛ³Ï, ݳ˳ëñ³Ñ.
load [ləud] v μ»éÝ»É, μ³ñÓ»É. ~ the ship/the car ÷Ëμ. å³éɳٻÝï³Ï³Ý ÏáõÉáõ³ñÝ»ñ.
ݳíÁ/Ù»ù»Ý³Ý μ»éÝ»É. ~ work to one’s assis- ߳ѳËáõÙμ. ÉáμμÇ. 2. v ³½¹»É å³éɳٻÝ-
tants û·Ý³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇÝ ³ß˳ï³Ýùáí ͳÝ- ïÇ/ ÏáÝ·ñ»ëÇ íñ³. ~ for/against a bill ûñÇ-
ñ³μ»éÝ»É. (å³ñ·¨³ïñ»É, ßÝáñÑ»É) ~ smb ݳ·ÍÇ ÏáÕÙ/ûñ ùí»³ñÏ»Éáõ ϳÙå³Ýdz
with honours ѳñ·³Ýù Ù³ïáõó»É/ٻͳñ»É. í³ñ»É:
(ÉóÝ»É, ÉÇóù³íáñ»É) ~ the gun/camera Ññ³- lobbyist [΄lɒbiist] n ߳ѳËÙμ³ÏÇó. Éáμ-
ó³ÝÁ/ýáïá³å³ñ³ïÁ ÉÇóù³íáñ»É: μÇëï.
loaded [΄ləudid] a μ»éÝí³Í. a ~ question lobe [ləub] n μÉóÏ, μÉÇÃ. ~ of the ear (ݳ¨
÷Ëμ. ݻݷáï ѳñó: earlobe) ³Ï³Ýç³μÉóÏ:
loader [΄ləudə] n μ»éÝÇã, μ³ñÓÇã. é½Ù. ÉÇó- lobster [΄lɒbstə] n Íáí³Ë»ó·»ïÇÝ, ûÙ³ñ.
ù³íáñáÕ: red as a ~ Ë»ó·»ïÝÇ ÝÙ³Ý Ï³ñÙÇñ. ~eyed
local 489 loftiness

ãé³Í/¹áõñë åñÍ³Í ³ãù»ñáí: lockout [΄lɒkaut] n Éáù³áõÃ. ÑÙÏñ·. ßñç³-


local [΄ləukl] n ï»Õ³óÇ, ï»ÕÇ μݳÏÇã. ~ au- ÷³ÏáõÙ, ÷³ÏáõÙ, ÏáÕåáõÙ:
thorities ï»Õ³Ï³Ý Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. ~ locksmith [΄lɒksmiθ] n ÷³Ï³Ý³·áñÍ:
usage ï»ÕÇ ëáíáñáõÛÃÝ»ñÁ. ~ union ï»Õ³- lock-stitch [΄lɒkstit∫] n Ù»ù»Ý³Ï³ñ:
Ï³Ý Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ newspaper ï»- lock-up I [΄lɒkΛp] n ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ/¹³ë»ñÇ
Õ³Ï³Ý Ã»ñÃ. the ~ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý å³Ý¹áÏ: ³í³ñï. ˳ÝáõÃÝ»ñÁ ÷³Ï»Éáõ ųÙ. ëó-
local [΄ləukl] a ï»Õ³ÛÇÝ, ï»Õ³Ï³Ý. ~ time ÷³ñ³Ý, ½·³ëï³ñ³Ý. ËëÏó. μ³Ýï:
ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ųٳݳÏ. ~ colour ï»Õ³ÛÇÝ Ïá- lock-up II [΄lɒkΛp] ÑÙÏñ·. ÷³ÏáõÕÇ Íñ³-
ÉáñÇï. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ mode ÇÝùݳí³ñ/ÉáÏ³É ·ñáõÙ:
é»ÅÇÙ. ~ variable ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ÷á÷á˳ϳÝ: locomotive [΄ləukə‚məutiv] n ç»ñÙ³ù³ñß. a
localism [΄ləuk(ə)liz(ə)m] n Ý»Õ Ñ³Ûñ»Ý³ëÇ- steam ~ ßá·»ù³ñß. ~ depot »ñÏÃ. ßá·»ù³ñß-
ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ߳ѻñ: Ý»ñÇ ¹»åá:
locality [ləu΄kæliti] n ï»Õ, í³Ûñ, ï»Õ³Ýù, locum [΄ləukəm] n Ç ï»ÕÇ. do ~s å³ñï³-
ßñç³Ï³Ûù. (ï»Õ³ÝùáõÙ) ÏáÕÙÝáñáßí»Éáõ ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ųٳݳϳíáñ ϳï³ñ»É.
ÁݹáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ. have no sense of ~ í³ï ~ tenens ųٳݳϳíáñ å³ßïáݳϳï³ñ:
ÏáÕÙÝáñáßí»É: locust I [΄ləukəst] n Ùáñ»Ë:
localize [΄ləukəlaiz] v ï³ñ³ÍáõÙÁ ë³ÑÙ³- locust II [΄ləukəst] n ëåÇï³Ï ³Ï³ódz:
ݳ÷³Ï»É. ï»Õ³÷³Ï»É, Ù»Ïáõë³óÝ»É. locution [ləu΄kju:∫n] n á×. ¹³ñÓí³Í, ǹÇáÙ:
μÅßÏ. ï»Õ³ÛݳóÝ»É: lode [ləud] n (ѳÝù³ÝÛáõÃÇ) »ñ³Ï, ѳÝù³-
locate [ləu΄keit] v ï»ÕÁ ѳÛïݳμ»ñ»É/áñá- ß»ñï:
ß»É. ~ the town on the map ù³Õ³ùÁ ù³ñï»½Ç lodestar [΄ləudsta:] n 쨻é³ÛÇÝ ³ëïÕ. ÷Ëμ.
íñ³ ·ïÝ»É. The doctor ~d the source of the áõÕ»óáõÛó ³ëïÕ:
pain ´ÅÇßÏÁ áñáß»ó ó³íÇ å³ï׳éÁ (ï»- lodge [lɒdз] n ïݳÏ, å³Ñ³ïݳÏ. hunting ~
Õ³íáñ»É, ï»Õ³Ï³Û»É). be ~d μݳÏí»É, ï»- áñëáñ¹³Ï³Ý ïݳÏ. porter’s ~ μ³ñ³å³ÝÇ
Õ³íáñí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. The office is ~d... ¶ñ³ë»Ý- ï»ÕÁ. masonic ~ Ù³ëáÝ³Ï³Ý ÅáÕáí³-
Û³ÏÁ ·ïÝíáõÙ ¿..: ñ³Ý/ûÃÛ³Ï:
location [ləu΄kei∫n] n ï»Õ, ï»Õ³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ, lodge [lɒdз] v ï»Õ³íáñí»É. μݳÏí»É (ų-
¹Çñù. a suitable ~ ѳñÙ³ñ í³Ûñ/ï»Õ. They ٳݳϳíáñ). We ~d with the doctor Ø»Ýù
are on ~ in Sochi (ÏÇÝá) Üñ³Ýù Ýϳñ³Ñ³Ý- ·Çß»ñ»óÇÝù μÅßÏÇ ï³ÝÁ. ~ a complaint
íáõÙ »Ý êáãÇáõÙ: ·³Ý·³ï ï³É. ~ power with smb Çß˳Ýáõ-
lock I [lɔk] n Ëáåáå. ~s Ù³½»ñ. ÷áõÝç ÃÛ³Ùμ ûÅï»É. ~ in the memory ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛ³Ý
(Ù³½Ç, μñ¹Ç): Ù»ç ïå³íáñ»É. The bullet ~d in his shoulder
lock II [lɔk] n ÏáÕå»ù, ÷³Ï, ÷³Ï³Ýù. keep ¶Ý¹³ÏÁ Ëñí»ó Ýñ³ áõëÇ Ù»ç. Çñ³í.
under ~ and key ÷³ÏÇ ï³Ï å³Ñ»É. (³Ùμ³ñ- Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É. ~ a claim ѳÛó Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É.
ï³Ï) ~ gate ³Ùμ³ñï³ÏÇ ¹³ñå³ë. ~ ~ an appeal í×é³μ»Ï ¹ÇÙáõÙ Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É:
keeper ³Ùμ³ñï³ÏÇ å»ï. ~ of a gun Ññ³- lodger [΄lɒdзə] n ïÝíáñ, Ï»Ýíáñ, í³ñÓáí
ó³ÝÇ ÷³Ï³Õ³Ï: ³åñáÕ. take in ~s Ï»ÝíáñÝ»ñ å³Ñ»É:
lock [lɔk] v ÏáÕå»É, ÷³Ï»É. ~ the door ¹áõéÁ lodging [΄lɒdзiŋ] n ϳó³ñ³Ý, μݳϳñ³Ý.
ÏáÕå»É. He Ñas ~ed himself out of the flat ä³- í³ñÓáõ ë»ÝÛ³Ï. dry ~ í³ñÓáõ ë»ÝÛ³Ï
ï³Ñ³μ³ñ ÷³Ïí»É ¿ μݳϳñ³ÝÇ ¹áõéÁ, ¨ (³é³Ýó å³ñ»Ý³íáñÙ³Ý). a night’s ~ ·Ç-
¹áõñëÝ ¿ Ùݳó»É. They were ~ed in combat ß»ñ»Éáõ ï»Õ. have full board and ~ ÉñÇí å³-
Üñ³Ýù Ù³ñïÇ μéÝí»óÇÝ. The parts ~ed into ñ»Ý³íáñí³Í ·Çß»ñûÃÇÏ ÑÛáõñ³Ýáó:
each other سë»ñÁ ÙdzÏóí»É »Ý. His jaws lodging-house [΄lɒdзiŋhaus] n (í³ñÓáõ)
were tightly ~ed Üñ³ ÍÝáïÝ»ñÁ ³Ùáõñ ϳѳíáñí³Í ë»ÝÛ³ÏÝ»ñ:
ë»ÕÙí»óÇÝ: lodgment [΄lɒdзmənt] n ϳó³ñ³Ý, ³å³ë-
locker [΄lɒkə] n ÏáÕåíáÕ å³Ñ³ñ³Ý: ï³ñ³Ý. μݳϳñ³Ý. ϳÛáõÝ íÇ׳Ï. ѻݳ-
locket [΄lɒkit] n Ù»¹³ÉÇáÝ: ñ³Ý:
lock-keeper [΄lɒk‚ki:pə] n çñ³ñ·»É³ÏÇ loft [lɒft] n Ó»ÕݳѳñÏ, í»ñݳëñ³Ñ, í»ñ-
å³Ñ³Ï: ݳѳñÏ. hay ~ Ëáï³Ýáó. pigeon ~ ³Õ³í-
lofty 490 long

ݳïáõÝ: loin-cloth [΄lɔinklɒθ] n ³½¹ñ³ßáñ. ÏÇë³-


loftiness [΄lɒftinəs] n μ³ñÓáõÝù, μ³ñÓñáõ- í³ñïÇù:
ÃÛáõÝ. ÷Ëμ. í»ÑáõÃÛáõÝ, í³Û»Éã³Ï³½Ùáõ- loiter [΄lɔitə] v ѳå³Õ»É, ¹³Ý¹³Õ»É, áõß³-
ÃÛáõÝ. ·áéá½áõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ùμ³ñï³í³Ýáõ- ݳÉ. ~ over a job ³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ Ó·Ó»É. Don’t
ÃÛáõÝ: ~ ØÇ° ¹³Ý¹³ÕÇ/áõß³óÝÇ. ¹³ï³ñÏ/å³-
lofty [΄lɒfti] a μ³ñÓñ. ÷Ëμ. í»Ñ, íë»Ù. μ³ñÓ- ñ³å-ë³ñ³å Ù³Ý/Ãñ¨ ·³É. ~ at street cor-
ñ³ÙÇï, ·áéá½: ners ÷nÕáóÝ»ñáõÙ Ãñ¨ ·³É:
log [lɒg] n, v ·»ñ³Ý. Íáí. ݳíÇ Ù³ïÛ³Ý, loll [lɒl] v ÷éí»É, Ù»ÏÝí»É, ÍáõɳݳÉ. ~ on the
ɳ·. ·»ñ³Ý Ïïñ»É. ݳíÇ Ù³ïÛ³ÝáõÙ sofa ÍáõÉáñ»Ý μ³½ÙáóÇÝ Ù»ÏÝí»É. The dog’s
·ñ³Ýó»É. sleep like a ~ Ù»é³ÍÇ ÝÙ³Ý ùÝ»É. ~ tongue was ~ing Þ³Ý É»½áõÝ ¹áõñë ¿ñ ϳË-
off ³ñÙ³ï³ËÇÉ ³Ý»É. ~ house ·»ñ³ÝÝ»ñÇó í»É:
ßÇÝ³Í ïáõÝ. ÑÙÏñ·. ·ñ³Ýó³Ù³ï۳ݣ lollipop [΄lɒlipɒp] n ë³éݳ߳ù³ñ. ÏáÝý»ï
log [lɒg] v ÑÙÏñ·. ·ñ³Ýó»É, ³ñӳݳ·ñ»É. ~ ÷³ÛïÇÏÇ íñ³:
in ÙïÝ»É Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·. ~ off/out »ÉÝ»É Ñ³- lone [ləun] a ٻݳÏ, ÙdzÛݳÏ. ÏïÏ. ã³Ùáõë-
ٳϳñ·Çó. ~ on ÙïÝ»É Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·. ݳó³Í. ~ parent ÙdzÛÝ³Ï ÍÝáÕ. ~ parent
log-book [΄lɒgbuk] n ѳßí³éÙ³Ý ·Çñù. family ÙdzÛÝ³Ï ÍÝáÕáí ÁÝï³ÝÇù. play a ~
ݳíÇ Ù³ïÛ³Ý. ÇÝùݳÃÇéÇ ï»Õ»Ï³Ù³ï- hand Ù»Ý³Ï ·áñÍ»É:
Û³Ý. ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ·ñ³ÝóáõÙ: lonely [΄ləunli] a ÙdzÛݳÏ, ٻݳíáñ. ³Ý-
logged [lɒgd] a ³Ýï³éÇó Ù³ùñí³Í. çñáí Ù³ñ¹³μݳÏ, ³Ù³ÛÇ. feel ~ ÙdzÛÝ³Ï ½·³É.
ѳ·»ó³Í: a ~ place ٻݳíáñ/Ù»ÏáõëÇ í³Ûñ. a ~ road
logger [΄lɒgə] n ³Ýï³é³Ñ³ï: ³Ù³ÛÇ ×³Ý³å³ñÑ. lead a ~ life Ù»Ïáõë³-
loggerhead [΄lɒgəhed] n ã³÷Çó ¹áõñë Ù»Í ó³Í ÏÛ³Ýù í³ñ»É:
·ÉáõË. be at ~s ·Åïí»É, Ïéí»É. fall to ~s Í»Í- lonesome [΄ləunsəm] a ٻݳÏ, óËÍáï,
Ïéïí»É. set at ~s Ïéí³óÝ»É: íßï³Ñ³ñ:
logging [΄lɒgiŋ] n ÷³Ûï³ÙûñáõÙ. (ï»- loner [΄ləunə] n Ù»ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ëÇñáÕ. He’s a ~
Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ) ·ñ³ÝóáõÙ: ܳ ëÇñáõÙ ¿ Ù»Ý³Ï ³åñ»É:
logic [΄lɒdзik] n ïñ³Ù³μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. a mistake long [lɒŋ] n »ñϳñ ųٳݳϳÙÇçáó. before
in ~ ïñ³Ù³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý ë˳É: ~ ßáõïáí, ß³ï ã³Ýó³Í. for ~ »ñϳñ
logical [΄lɒdзikl] a ïñ³Ù³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý, ïñ³- ųٳݳÏáí. It is ~ since ... ì³Õáõó ¿, áñ...
Ù³μ³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý. the ~ conclusion ïñ³Ù³μ³- It will not take ~ ºñϳñ ãÇ ï¨Ç. the ~ and the
Ý³Ï³Ý »½ñ³Ï³óáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ relevance ïñ³- short of it ϳñ× ³ë³Í:
Ù³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý ÑÇÙݳíáñí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ÑÙÏñ·. long [lɒŋ] a »ñϳñ. How ~ is...? àñù³±Ý ¿ …
~ block number μÉáÏÇ ïñ³Ù³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý »ñϳñáõÃÛáõÝÁ. ~ leasehold »ñϳñ³ï¨
ѳٳñ. ~ data base ïñ³Ù³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý í³ñӳϳÉáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ robe ¹³ï³íáñÇ ÃÇÏ-
ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ μ³½³. ~ multiplication ïñ³Ù³- Ýáó. ~ efforts Ñëϳ۳ϳÝ/Ù»Í ç³Ýù»ñ. (ų-
μ³Ý³Ï³Ý μ³½Ù³å³ïÏáõÙ, ÏáÝÛáõÝÏódz. ٳݳÏ) »ñϳñ³ï¨, 勉ϳÝ. a ~ time ago
~ operation ïñ³Ù³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý ûå»ñ³ódz. ß³ï í³Õáõó. a ~ talk »ñϳñ³ï¨ Ëáë³Ï-
~ product ïñ³Ù³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñÛ³É. ~ óáõÃÛáõÝ. for a ~ time »ñϳñ ųٳݳÏ. be
record ïñ³Ù³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý ·ñ³éáõÙ. ~ shift ~ in coming áõ߳ݳÉ. How ~ you are ƯÝã
ïñ³Ù³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý ï»Õ³ß³ñÅ. ~ value ͳÝñ »ë ß³ñÅíáõÙ. It’s a ~ shot øÇã ÑáõÛë
ïñ³Ù³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý ³ñÅ»ù: ϳ:
logo [΄lɔgəu] (Ïñ×. logotype-Çó) n (μ³é³ÛÇÝ ¨ long [lɒŋ] adv »ñϳñ ųٳݳÏ/áí, í³Õáõó.
·ñ³ýÇϳϳÝ) ËáñÑñ¹³ÝÇß/³åñ³Ýù³- ~ ago í³Õáõó. as ~ as, so ~ as ù³ÝÇ ¹»é. ~
ÝÇß: after »ñϳñ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ³Ýó. all day ~ ³Ù-
log-rolling [΄lɒg‚rəuliŋ] n ·»ñ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ·Éá- μáÕç ûñÁ. ~ since í³Õáõó Ç í»ñ. ~ before
ñáõÙ. ÷Ëμ. ÷á˳¹³ñÓ Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ: ß³ï ³é³ç. So ~ ËëÏó. òï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ, òÁ.
loin [lɔin] n ·áïϳï»Õ. ϻݹ³Ýáõ ëáõÏÇ. a ~ any/no ~er ³Ûɨë:
of lamb áã˳ñÇ ëáõÏÇ. gird up one’s ~s å³ï- long [lɒŋ] v ÷³÷³·»É, ËÇëï ó³ÝϳݳÉ
ñ³ëïí»É áñ¨¿ Éáõñç ù³ÛÉÇ: ëå³ë»É. ~ for a smoke ß³ï áõ½»Ý³É ÍË»É. ~
longago 491 look

for the day ëå³ë»É ³Û¹ ûñí³Ý. ~ to return long-term [‚lɒŋ΄tə:m] a »ñϳñ³Å³ÙÏ»ï. ~
there »ñ³½»É í»ñ³¹³éݳÉ. (ϳñáï»É) ~ for loan »ñϳñ³Å³ÙÏ»ï í³ñÏ. ~ plans ³å³-
one’s friends ÁÝÏ»ñÝ»ñÇÝ Ï³ñáï»É. I’m ·³ Íñ³·ñ»ñ. ~ planning Ñ»é³Ýϳñ³ÛÇÝ
~ing to sleep ËëÏó. àõßùë ·ÝáõÙ ¿ ùÝ»Éáõ åɳݳíáñáõÙ:
ѳٳñ: long-tongued [‚lɒŋ΄tΛŋd] a »ñϳÛݳɻ½áõ,
longago [΄lɒŋə‚gəu] n, a í³Õ ³ÝóÛ³É. í³- ß³ï³Ëáë:
Õáõó ³Ýó³Í, Ñ»é³íáñ: longways [΄lɒŋweiz] adv »ñϳÛÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ,
long awaited [΄lɒŋəweitid] a »ñϳñ ëå³ë- »ñϳÛÝùáí:
í³Í: long-winded [‚lɒŋ΄windid] a »ñϳñ³ßáõÝã.
long-bow [΄lɒŋbəu] n »ñϳñ, Ù»Í ³Õ»Õ. ÷Ëμ. »ñϳñ³μ³Ý, Ó³ÝÓñ³ÉÇ:
draw/pull the ~ ã³÷³½³ÝóÝ»É: loo [lu:] n ËëÏó. ½áõ·³ñ³Ý:
long-distance [‚lɒŋ΄distəns] a »ñϳñ looby [΄lu:bi] n ÑÇÙ³ñ/ïËÙ³ñ/³ÝË»Éù
ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ call ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ Ñ»é³- Ù³ñ¹:
Ëáë³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ work ³ß˳ï³Ýù Ñ»é³- loofah [΄lu:fə] n μëμ. ¹¹Ù³½·ÇÝ»ñÇÝ å³ï-
Ëáë³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³ó³Ýóáí. ~ race Ùñ½. »ñϳñ ϳÝáÕ μáõÛë. ×ÇÉáå:
ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý í³½ù: look [luk] n ѳ۳óù, ݳÛí³Íù. quick/blank/
long-drawn(-out) [‚lɒŋdrɔ:n΄aut] a ã³- sharp/vacant/longing /solemn ~ ³ñ³·/³ÝÇ-
÷³½³Ýó Ó·Ó·í³Í: Ù³ëï/μ³ó³Ï³ÛáÕ/ëáõñ/ϳñáï³ÉÇó/ѳÝ-
longevity [lɒn΄dзevəti] n »ñϳñ³Ï»óáõ- ¹Çë³íáñ ѳ۳óù. a ~ of suspicion ϳëϳ-
ÃÛáõÝ: Í»ÉÇ Ñ³Û³óù. take/give/have a ~ ݳۻÉ, ѳ-
longhand [΄lɒŋhænd] n ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý ·ñ»É³- Û³óù Ó·»É, ³ÏݳñÏ Ý»ï»É. give a searching ~
Ó¨, áã ëÕ³·Çñ. take notes in ~ ëÕ³·Çñ ùÝÝáÕ Ñ³Û³óùáí ݳۻÉ. have a ~ for
ãû·ï³·áñÍ»É: smb/smth ÷Ýïñ»É Ù»ÏÇÝ/ÙÇ μ³Ý. have a ~
long-headed [‚lɒŋ΄hedid] a Ëáñ³Ã³÷³Ýó, round ßáõñçÁ ݳۻÉ. take a close ~ áõß³¹Çñ/
Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏ: ½Ýݳμ³ñ ݳۻÉ. (ï»ëù) the ~ of him Ýñ³
longing [΄lɒŋiŋ] n μáõéÝ ó³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ï»ëùÁ. excited/unusual ~ Ñáõ½í³Í/³Ýëáíáñ
Ó·ïáõÙ, ϳñáï: ï»ëù. have a deserted ~ Éùí³Í ï»ëù áõÝ»-
longitude [΄lɒndзitju:d] n ³ßËñ·. »ñϳÛÝáõ- ݳÉ. He has a ~ of his father ܳ ÝÙ³Ý ¿ ÑáñÁ.
ÃÛáõÝ: ~s ³ñï³ùÇÝ. go by ~s ³ñï³ùÇÝÇó ¹³ï»É.
longitudinal [‚lɒndзi΄tju:dinl] a ³ßËñ·. »ñ- have good ~s ·»Õ»óÇÏ ÉÇÝ»É:
ϳÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý: look [luk] v ݳۻÉ. ~ coldly /suspiciously/ in-
long-lasting [‚lɒŋ΄la:stiŋ] a »ñϳñ³ï¨. ~ quiringly Ý³Û»É ë³éÝáñ»Ý/ ϳëϳͳÝùáí/
agreement »ñϳñ³Å³ÙÏ»ï ѳٳӳÛݳ- ѳñó³Ï³Ý. ~ straight ahead áõÕÇÕ ³é³ç
·Çñ: ݳۻÉ. ~ alive! Þï³åÇ°ñ. ³ñ³°·. L~ here!
long-lived [‚lɒŋ΄livd] a »ñϳñ³ÏÛ³ó. »ñϳ- ÈëÇ°ñ. L~ sharp! ²ã³Éáõñç »ÕÇ°ñ. (ï»ëù áõÝ»-
ñ³ï¨: ݳÉ) ~ like ÝÙ³Ý ÉÇÝ»É. ~ hideous ³Ñ³íáñ
long-range [‚lɒŋ΄reindз] a Ñ»é³Ñ³ñ, Ñ»é³- ï»ëù áõݻݳÉ. ~ well ɳí ï»ëù áõݻݳÉ. ~
ÓÇ·. Ñ»é³íáñ ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛ³Ý: heavy ͳÝñ »ñ¨³É/Ãí³É. it ~s like ϳñÍ»ë
longshoreman [΄lɒŋ∫ɔ:mən] n ݳí³- û. It ~s like rain γñÍ»ë û ³ÝÓñ¨ ¿ ·³ÉÇë.
ѳݷëï³ÛÇÝ μ»éÝÇã: it would ~ as if ÃíáõÙ ¿/ϳñÍ»ë û. ~ black
long-sighted [‚lɒŋ΄saitid] a Ñ»é³ï»ë (ݳ¨ Ùé³ÛÉ ï»ëù áõݻݳÉ. ~ blue íѳï/ïËáõñ
÷Ëμ.): ï»ëù áõݻݳÉ. (ݳۻÉ, ¹³ñÓ³Í ÉÇÝ»É) The
longspun [΄lɒŋspΛn] a »ñϳñ³Ó·í³Í, house ~ed west/on the river î³Ý å³ïáõѳÝ-
Ó³ÝÓñ³ÉÇ: Ý»ñÁ ݳÛáõÙ ¿ÇÝ ³ñ¨Ùáõïù/ßñçí³Í ¿ÇÝ ¹»-
long-standing [‚lɒŋ΄stændiŋ] a í³Õáõóí³, åÇ ·»ïÁ. You don’t ~ yourself ¸áõ ù»½ ÝÙ³Ý
í³Õ»ÙÇ, ÑÇÝ. a ~ friendship/joke í³Õ»ÙÇ ã»ë. ~ as if ³ÛÝåÇëÇ ï»ëù áõÝ»Ý³É Ï³ñÍ»ë
ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ÑÇÝ Ï³ï³Ï: û. (ѳٳñ»É) ~ on smn as a friend Ù»ÏÇÝ ÁÝ-
long-suffering [‚lɒŋ΄sΛfəriŋ] a μ³½- Ï»ñ ѳٳñ»É. ~ about ßáõñçÁ ݳۻÉ. ~ after
Ù³ã³ñã³ñ: ѻ層É, ËݳٻÉ, Ñá· ï³Ý»É. ~ after flowers
looker-on 492 lop-eared

ͳÕÇÏÝ»ñ ËݳٻÉ. L~ after yourself ¼·áõÛß. Çñ ѳٳñ ëáÕ³Ýóù (¹áõñë åñÍÝ»Éáõ ׳-
»ÕÇñ, ¼·áõß³óÇñ. ~ ahead ³é³ç ݳۻÉ, ¹»- ݳå³ñÑ) ÃáÕ»ó:
åÇ ³å³·³Ý. L~ ahead! ¼·áõÛß. ~ at ݳۻÉ. loopy [΄lu:pi] a ·Åí³Í, óݹ³Í, Ë»ÉùÁ Ïáñó-
He wouldn’t ~ at the idea ܳ ÝáõÛÝÇëÏ Éë»É ã¿ñ ñ³Í:
áõ½áõÙ ³Û¹ Ù³ëÇÝ. ~ away ³ãù»ñÁ loose [lu:s] 1. a ³½³ï (ѳ·áõëï). Ãáõ-
/ѳ۳óùÁ Ñ»é³óÝ»É. ~ back Ñ»ï ݳۻÉ. ~ ɳó³Í, ³ñÓ³Ï. a ~ collar/belt/coat ³½³ï (áã
down Ý»ñù¨ ݳۻÉ. ÷Ëμ. í»ñ¨Çó ݳۻÉ. ë»ÕÙ) ûÓÇù/·áïÇ/í»ñ³ñÏáõ. The button is ~
³ñѳٳñÑ»É. ~ for ÷Ýïñ»É. ~ for a job Îá׳ÏÁ Ãáõɳó»É ¿. wear one’s hair ~
³ß˳ï³Ýù ÷Ýïñ»É. ~ forward (to) ³ÏÝϳ- Ù³½»ñÁ ³ñÓ³Ï ÃáÕÝ»É. (ã³Ùñ³óí³Í) ~
É»É, ϳÝ˳í³Û»É»É. ~ on ѳٳñ»É, ¹Çï»É. nail/window frame/ tooth/knot Ãáõɳó³Í Ù»Ë.
~ on it as an insult ¹Çï»É áñå»ë íÇñ³íá- í³ï ³Ùñ³óñ³Í ÷»ÕÏ»ñ. ß³ñÅíáÕ ³ï³Ù.
ñ³Ýù. ~ out ½·áõ߳ݳÉ, ½·áõÛß ÉÇÝ»É. ù³Ý¹í³Í ѳݷáõÛó. ~ bandage áã ³Ùáõñ
·ïÝ»É. ~ over ³ãùÇ ³ÝóϳóÝ»É. ~ over an íÇñ³Ï³å. ~ connection í³ï ÏáÝï³Ïï.
article ûñÃÇ Ñá¹í³ÍÁ ³ãùÇ ³ÝóϳóÝ»É. ~ (ë³ÝÓ³ñÓ³Ï, ³Ýμ³ñá۳ϳÝ) ~ con-
through ³ãùÇ ³ÝóϳóÝ»É (ÙÇçáí ݳۻÉ). ~ duct/morals ë³ÝÓ³ñÓ³Ï í³ñù/μ³ñù»ñ. a ~
through a telescope ѻ鳹Çï³Ïáí (ÙÇçáí) woman/life ³Ýμ³ñáÛ³Ï³Ý ÏÇÝ/ÏÛ³Ýù. a ~
ݳۻÉ. ~ to ÑáõÛë ¹Ý»É/áõݻݳÉ. ~ to smn for translation ÷Ëμ. ³½³ï/ áã ×ß·ñÇï
help áñ¨¿ Ù»ÏÇ û·ÝáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ¹ÇÙ»É. ~ up í»ñ óñ·Ù³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. get a screw ~ ÷Ëμ. ÙÇ
ݳۻÉ. He ~ed up from his book ܳ ³ãù»ñÁ ͳÉÁ å³Ï³ë ÉÇÝ»É. be at a ~ end ÷Ëμ.
·ñùÇó Ïïñ»ó/í»ñ ݳۻó. ~ up and down ½μ³ÕÙáõÝù ãáõݻݳÉ. let ~ ³½³ï ³ñÓ³-
ѳ۳óùáí ã³÷»É/½ÝÝ»É (áïùÇó ·ÉáõË). ~ Ï»É. break/get ~ ¹áõñë åñÍÝ»É/÷³Ëã»É. 2.
up to smn ѳñ·»É, ѳñ·³Ýùáí í»ñ³μ»ñ- adv ³½³ïáñ»Ý, ɳÛÝáñ»Ý. áã ×ß·ñÇï Ï»ñ-
í»É. Things are ~ing up ÷Ëμ. ¶áñÍ»ñÁ É³í »Ý åáí:
·ÝáõÙ: loose [lu:s] n »Éù ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÙ. give (a) ~
looker-on [΄lukər‚ɒn] n ¹Çïáñ¹, ¹ÇïáÕ: to one’s feelings ½·³óÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇÝ ³½³ïáõ-
look in [΄lukin] n ³ÝóáÕ³ÏÇ Ñ³Û³óù. ³Ï- ÃÛáõÝ ï³É£
ݳñÏ. ϳñ×³ï¨ ³Ûó»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ. have a ~ in loose [lu:s] v ³ñӳϻÉ, ³½³ïáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É.
Ùñ½. ѳçáÕáõÃÛ³Ý ß³Ýë»ñ áõݻݳÉ: ϳåÁ ÃáõɳóÝ»É/³ñӳϻÉ/ù³Ý¹»É. ·Ý¹³-
looking-glass [΄lukiŋgla:s] n ѳۻÉÇ: ÏÁ ³ñӳϻÉ:
look-out [΄lukaut] n ¹Çï³Ï³Û³Ý, ¹ÇïáÕ. loose–cover [΄lu:skΛvə] n ͳÍÏáó ϳÑáõÛ-
³ã³ÉñçáõÃÛáõÝ, ½·áÝáõÃÛáõÝ. on the ~ for ùÇ (ã»ËáÉ):
½·áõÛß, ½·³ëï. (÷ÝïñáõÙ) be on the ~ for loose–leaf [‚lu:s΄li:f] n Ý»ñ¹Çñ ¿ç»ñáí:
talent ï³Õ³Ý¹Ý»ñ ÷Ýïñ»É. (Ñ»é³Ýϳñ) a loosen [΄lu:sn] v ÃáõɳóÝ»É, Ù»ÕÙ³óÝ»É.
poor ~ áã áõñ³Ë³ÉÇ Ñ»é³Ýϳñ: ÷Ëñ»óÝ»É. ³ñӳϻÉ. ~ the bandage/nut/knot
look up [΄lukΛp] n ÑÙÏñ·. áñáÝáõÙ. ~ table íÇñ³Ï³åÁ/åݹûÕ³ÏÁ/ѳݷáõÛóÁ Ãáõɳó-
áñáÝÙ³Ý ³ÕÛáõë³Ï: Ý»É. The medicine ~ed his cough ¸»ÕÁ Ù»Õ-
loom [lu:m] n çáõÉѳϳѳëïáó: Ù³óñ»ó Ýñ³ ѳ½Á. Wine ~ed his tongue
loom [lu:m] v ³Õáï Ï»ñåáí å³ïÏ»ñ³Ý³É, ¶ÇÝÇÝ ³ñӳϻó Ýñ³ É»½áõÝ. ~ the soil ÑáÕÁ
ÝßÙ³ñí»É: ÷Ëñ»óÝ»É. ~ up Ùñ½. ÃÙñ³½»ñÍí»É, ÁÝ-
loop [lu:p] n ѳݷáõÛó, ûÕ³Ï. ³Ù. Ù³Ñí³Ý ¹³ñÙ³½»ñÍ ÉÇÝ»É:
ûÕ³Ï. ~ the lup Ù³Ñí³Ý ûÕ³Ï Ï³ï³ñ»É. loot [lu:t] n ³í³ñ, óɳÝ, ÏáÕáåáõï:
The river makes a ~ round the town ¶»ïÁ looter [΄lu:tə] v, n ÏáÕáåï»É, óɳݻÉ. ·áÕ,
ßñç³ÝóáõÙ ¿ ù³Õ³ùÁ. ~ line »ñÏÃ. ßñç³- ÏáÕáåïÇã:
åïáõÛï »ñϳÃáõÕÇ. ~ letters ûճϳíáñ/ looting [΄lu:tiŋ] n ÏáÕáåáõï:
ѳݷáõó³íáñ ï³é»ñ: lop [lɒp] n, v ×ÛáõÕ»ñ, áëï³÷³Ûï. ×ÛáõÕ»ñ
loop-aerial [΄lu:p‚eəriəl] n ßñç³Ý³Ï³Ó¨ Ïïñ»É/Ëáõ½»É (ݳ¨ ~ away/off)£
³Ýï»Ýݳ: lop [lɒp] v ϳËí»É, Ï³Ë ÁÝÏÝ»É. ϳ˻É,
loop-hole [΄lu:phəul] n é½Ù. Ññ³Ïݳï. Ï³Ë ·ó»É:
÷Ëμ. ëáÕ³Ýóù, »Éù. He left himself a ~ ܳ lope [ləup] n, v ÃéÇãù, áëïÛáõÝ (ϻݹ³ÝÇ-
loppings 493 lot

Ý»ñÇ). ÃéãÏáï»Éáí í³½»É: ï³ÏÁ/ï»Õ ãѳë³í. ~ a game/a war/a lawsuit/


lop-eared [‚lɒp΄iəd] a ϳ˳ϳÝç: money at cards ˳ÕÁ/å³ï»ñ³½ÙÁ ÏáñóÝ»É.
loppings [΄lɒpiŋz] n Ïïñï³Í ×ÛáõÕ»ñ/ áë- å³ñïí»É, ÏáñóÝ»É ¹³ï³Ï³Ý ·áñÍÁ/÷áÕÁ
ï»ñ: ÃÕó˳ÕÇ ÁÝóóùáõÙ. You can’t ~ ËëÏó.
lop-sided [‚lɒp΄saidid] a ÍáõéÏáÕ ÍáõéÏá- ¸áõù ÏáñóÝ»Éáõ áãÇÝã ãáõÝ»ù:
Õ³ÝÇ: loser [΄lu:zə] n å³ñïíáÕ, ÏáñóÝáÕ, ï³ñ-
loquacious [ləu΄kwei∫əs] a ß³ï³Ëáë, ½ñáõ- íáÕ. be a good/bad ~(ã)/ ϳñáÕ³Ý³É å³ñï-
ó³ë»ñ: í»É/ï³ñí»É. come off the ~ å³ñïíáÕ ÏáÕÙÁ
loquacity [ləu΄kwæsəti] n ß³ï³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝ: ÉÇÝ»É:
lord [lɔ:d] n Éáñ¹ (ïÇïÕáë). my ~ ï»ñ ÇÙ, loss [lɒs] n Ïáñáõëï. ~ of altitude/blood/mem-
ÙÇÉáñ¹. ~ of the manor ϳÉí³Í³ï»ñ. House ory μ³ñÓñáõÃÛ³Ý/³ñÛ³Ý/ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ïá-
of L~s (Ø´) Èáñ¹»ñÇ å³É³ï. ËëÏó. ‘’Lords’’ ñáõëï. ~ of office å³ßïáÝÇ Ïáñáõëï. suf-
Èáñ¹»ñÇ å³É³ï. Lord ²ëïí³Í. The L~’s fer great/heavy ~s Ù»Í ÏáñáõëïÝ»ñ áõݻݳÉ.
prayer ‘’гÛñ Ù»ñ’’ Good L~ ! ²ëïí³Í ÇÙ. L~ ~ of nationality ù³Õ³ù³óÇáõÃÛáõÝÇó ½ñÏí»-
knows ²ëïí³Í ·Çï». the press ~s Ù³ÙáõÉÇ ÉÁ. capital ~ Çñ³í., ïÝï. ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ÙÇ-
³ñù³Ý»ñÁ: çáóÝ»ñÇ ÇÝùݳÝí³½áõÙ. total ~ ÉñÇí Ïá-
lordly [΄lɔ:dli] a Éáñ¹³í³Û»É, ³½Ýí³Ï³Ý³- ñáõëï. constructive total ~ ·áõÛùÇ ³ÙμáÕç³-
ϳÝ. ·áéá½, ïÇñ³Ï³Ý: Ï³Ý íݳë. ~ of strength áõÅ»ñÇ ÃáõɳóáõÙ.
lordship [΄lɔ:d∫ip] n Éáñ¹Ç ïÇïÕáë. Çß˳- be at a ~ Çñ»Ý ÏáñóÝ»É. be at a ~ for words μ³-
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ïÇñ³å»ïáõÃÛáõÝ. your ~ Ó»ñ¹ é»ñ ã·ïÝ»É. ~ of time ųٳݳÏÇ Ïáñáõëï.
å³Ûͳé³÷³ÛÉáõÃÛáõÝ: (íݳë) sell at a ~ íݳëáí í³×³é»É. meet
lore [lɔ:] n ·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý ×ÛáõÕ: with a ~ íݳë Ïñ»É. opeate at a ~ íݳëáí ß³-
lorgnette [lɔ:n΄jet] n ÉáéÝ»ï, óïñáÝÇ/ó- ѳ·áñÍ»É. This car is a dead ~ ËëÏó. ²Ûë Ù»-
ï»ñ³Ï³Ý ѻ鳹Çï³Ï: ù»Ý³Ý ïݳù³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝ ¿. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ of con-
lorry [΄lɒri] n μ»éݳï³ñ ³íïáÙ»ù»Ý³. trol ջϳí³ñÙ³Ý Ïáñáõëï. ~ of information
»ñÏÃ. μ³ó í³·áÝ, åɳïýáñÙ. ~ driver ÇÝýáñÙ³ódzÛÇ Ïáñáõëï. lost property office
μ»éݳï³ñ Ù»ù»Ý³ÛÇ í³ñáñ¹. a ~ load of ·ïÝí³Í Çñ»ñÇ μÛáõñá/·ñ³ë»ÝÛ³Ï:
coal ÙÇ μ»éݳï³ñ Ù»ù»Ý³ ³ÍáõË: lot [lɒt] n íÇ׳Ï, íÇ׳ϳѳÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ÷Ëμ.
lose [lu:z] v ÏáñóÝ»É, Ïáñáõëï áõݻݳÉ. ~ a μ³Ëï, ׳ϳﳷÇñ. cast/draw ~s íÇ׳Ï
friend/altitude/interest/hope/faith ÁÝÏ»ñ/μ³ñÓ- ·ó»É. by ~ íÇ׳ϳѳÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ. The ~ fell
ñáõÃÛáõÝ/Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝÁ /ÑáõÛëÁ/ ѳ- on me ìÇ׳ÏÁ ÇÝÓ ÁÝϳí. a hard ~ ͳÝñ
í³ïÁ ÏáñóÝ»É. (½ñÏí»É) ~ sight ï»ëáÕáõ- ׳ϳﳷÇñ. (³åñ³ÝùÇ Ù³ëݳù³Ý³Ï)
ÃÛáõÝÇó ½ñÏí»É. ~ chance ³éÇÃÁ Ó»éùÇó The goods were sent in three ~s ²åñ³ÝùÁ áõ-
μ³ó ÃáÕÝ»É. The watch ~s a minute a day ij- Õ³ñÏí»ó »ñ»ù Ù³ëݳù³Ý³Ïáí. (³×áõñ-
Ù³óáõÛóÁ ûñÁ Ù»Ï ñáå»áí »ï ¿ ÁÝÏÝáõÙ ~ ¹³í³×³éù/ ѳٳñ, ÃÇí. ~ 20, a table ѳ-
sight of the fact ï»ë³¹³ßïÇó ¹áõñë ÃáÕÝ»É. Ù³ñ ùë³Ý – ë»Õ³Ý. a bad ~ ÷Ëμ. ëñÇϳ,
It lost him his job ܳ ½ñÏí»ó Çñ ³ß˳ï³Ý- ëïáñ. (ÑáÕ³Ù³ë, ÑáÕ³Ïïáñ/ a vacant ~ ³-
ùÇó. I lost that word ºë ãÉë»óÇ ³Û¹ μ³éÁ. ~ ½³ï ÑáÕ³Ù³ë. parking ~ ϳ۳ݳï»Õ.
one’s temper çÕ³ÛݳݳÉ. ~ one’s head ·ÉáõËÁ ϳ۳ÝáõÙ, ÷³ñùÇÝ·. (Ù»Í ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ)
ÏáñóÝ»É. ~ one’s heart ÁÝÏ×í»É, Ñáõë³Ñ³ï- ~s and ~s ³Ñ³·ÇÝ ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ and ~ of
í»É. ~ one’s mind Ë»ÉùÁ ÃéóÝ»É. ~ weight ù³- money ÷áÕÇ ÑëÏ³Û³Ï³Ý ·áõÙ³ñ. a fat ~
ßÁ ÏáñóÝ»É/ÝÇѳñ»É. ~ one’s life ½áÑí»É. ~ ËëÏó. ËÇëï ß³ï. quite a ~ of flowers μ³-
one’s way ÙáÉáñí»É. ~ one’s wits Çñ»Ý Ïáñó- í³Ï³Ý ß³ï ͳÕÇÏÝ»ñ. such a ~ to do ³ÛÝ-
Ý»É. ~ one’s nerve ÇÝùݳïÇñ³å»ïáõÃÛáõÝÁ ù³Ý ß³ï ·áñÍ ³Ý»Éáõ. give a ~ to know
ÏáñóÝ»É. be lost at sea ˻չí»É ÍáíáõÙ. All ß³ï μ³Ý ï³É ÇٳݳÉáõ ѳٳñ. What a ~
is lost ²Ù»Ý ÇÝã Ïáñ³Í ¿. be given up as lost of rubbish ÆÝã ÑÇÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ËëÏó. μáÉáñÁ,
Ïáñ³Í ѳٳñí»É. a lost art Ùáé³óí³Í ³ñ- ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã. That’s the ~ ¸³ μáÉáñÝ ¿. Take the
í»ëï. be lost in the book ·ñùáí ï³ñí»É. The ~ ì»ñóñáõ μáÉáñÁ:
joke was lost on him ܳ ãѳëϳó³í ϳ- lot [lɒt] adv a ~ ß³ï ѳ׳Ë. I read a ~ ºë
lotion 494 low

ß³ï »Ù Ï³ñ¹áõÙ. We see a ~ of her Ø»Ýù »ñ»Ë³. (áÕçáõÛÝÝ»ñ, μ³ñ¨Ý»ñ) Give them
Ýñ³Ý Ñ³×³Ë »Ýù ï»ëÝáõÙ. change a ~ ß³ï my ~ гÕáñ¹»ù Ýñ³Ýó ÇÙ áÕçáõÛÝÝ»ñÁ.
÷áËí»É. a ~ better ß³ï ³í»ÉÇ É³í. A fat ~ Ùñ½. ½ñá. ~ all гßÇíÝ ¿ ½ñá-½ñá. one ~ to
you care ËëÏó. Þ³ï å»ïù¹ ¿: him Ù»Ï ½ñá Ýñ³ û·ïÇÝ. play for ~ ³é³Ýó
lotion [΄ləu∫n] n ¹»Õ³Ãñçáó, Ãñçáó. ÉáëÛáÝ. ÷áÕÇ Ë³Õ³É. a ~ game ãáñ-ãáñ ï³ñí³Í
ËëÏó. á·»ÉÇó ËÙÇãù: ˳Õ. for the ~ of Ç ë»ñ, ѳÝáõÝ ëÇñá:
lottery [΄lɒtəri] n íÇ׳ϳ˳Õ. ~ bonds íÇ- love [lΛv] v ëÇñ»É. deeply/passionately/faith-
׳ϳ˳ÕÇ å³ñï³ïáÙë»ñ. ~ tickets íÇ- fully/sincerely ËáñÁ/Ïñùáï ëÇñáí/ѳí³-
׳ϳ˳ÕÇ ïáÙë»ñ: ï³ñÙáñ»Ý/³ÝÏ»ÕÍáñ»Ý ëÇñ»É. I’d ~ ºë
lotto [΄lɒtəu] n Éáïá: ß³ï Ïáõ½»Ý³ÛÇ. I’d ~ to see her Þ³ï
lotus [΄ləutəs] n μëμ. Éáïáë (ͳÕÇÏ)£ Ïáõ½»Ý³ÛÇ Ýñ³Ý ï»ëݻɣ
lotus-eater [΄ləutəs‚i:tə] n ËëÏó. ¹³ï³ñÏ loveless [΄lΛvləs] a ³Ýë»ñ, ëÇñá íñ³
»ñ³½áÕ: ãÑÇÙÝí³Í (³ÙáõëÝáõÃÛáõÝ):
loud [laud] a μ³ñÓñ, μ³ñÓñ³Ó³ÛÝ, ÑÝã»Õ. a loveliness [΄lΛvlinəs] n ·ñ³íãáõÃÛáõÝ, ·»-
~ voice/cry/laugh μ³ñÓñ Ó³ÛÝ/×Çã/ÍÇͳÕ. a Õ»óÏáõÃÛáõÝ£
~ hoot (³íïáÛÇ) áõÅ»Õ ßã³Ï. ~ colours ×ã³- lovelock [΄lΛvlɒk] n ׳ϳïÇ íñ³ÛÇ ÷áù-
óáÕ ·áõÛÝ»ñ. She is very ~ ÷Ëμ. ܳ ß³ï ñÇÏ ËáåáåÇÏ:
íáõÉ·³ñ ¿. out ~ μ³ñÓñ³Ó³ÛÝ: lovely [΄lΛvli] a ÑdzݳÉÇ, ëù³Ýã»ÉÇ. ~
loudly [΄laudli] adv μ³ñÓñ³Ó³ÛÝ, ³ÕÙáõÏáí. face/woman/gift/flowers ·»Õ»óÇÏ ¹»Ùù.
³ãù ͳÏáÕ Ó¨áí: ëù³Ýã»ÉÇ ÏÇÝ. ÑdzݳÉÇ Ýí»ñ. Ñdzëù³Ýã
loud-mouthed [‚laud΄mauðd] a ·áé·áé³- ͳÕÇÏÝ»ñ. a ~ pie Ñ³Ù»Õ Ï³ñϳݹ³Ï,
óáÕ, ×Õ×Õ³Ý: What ~ view! ƯÝã Ñá۳ϳå ï»ë³ñ³Ý. a ~
loud-speaker [‚laud΄spi:kə] n é³¹. μ³ñÓ- person ÑáÛ³Ï³å ³ÝÓݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ. have a ~
ñ³Ëáë. a ~ van é³¹Çáë³ñù³íáñáõÙ áõÝ»- time/event Ñá۳ϳå ųٳݳÏ/»ñ»Ïá ³Ýó-
óáÕ ³íïáÙ»ù»Ý³: ϳóݻɣ
lounge [laundз] n ÑÛáõñ³ë»ÝÛ³Ï, ѳݷëïÇ love-making [΄lΛv‚meikiŋ] n ëÇñ³ï³ÍáõÙ:
ë»ÝÛ³Ï. a ~ suit ÏáëïÛáõÙ: love-match [΄lΛvmæt∫] n ëÇñá íñ³
lounge [laundз] v Ãñ¨ ·³É. (μ³½Ï³ÃáéÇ ÑÇÙÝí³Í ³ÙáõëÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
Ù»ç) ÷éí»É, Ó·í»É: lover [΄lΛvə] n ëÇñ»Ï³Ý. ëÇñ³Í Ù³ñ¹.
lounger [΄laundзə] n ¹³ï³ñϳßñçÇÏ, ¹³- ëÇñáÕ »ñÏñå³·áõ. a pair of ~s ëÇñ³-
ï³ñϳåáñï. ³Ýμ³Ý Ù³ñ¹: ѳñí³Í ½áõÛ·. ëÇñáÕ (áã åñáý»ëÇáݳÉ)
louse [laus] n áçÇÉ: music ~ »ñ³ÅßïáõÃÛáõÝ ëÇñáÕ/ëÇñ³Ñ³ñ:
lousy [΄lauzi] a áçÉáï. ÷Ëμ. ½½í»ÉÇ, ·³ñß»- lovesick [΄lΛvsik] a ëÇñáõó ï³Ýçí³Í. ëÇ-
ÉÇ, Ï»Õïáï: ñ³ïáãáñ. be ~ ëÇñáõó ï³Ýçí»É:
lout [laut] n Ïáßï/ÏáåÇï/³Ýï³ß Ù³ñ¹: loving [΄lΛviŋ] a ëÇñáÕ, ùÝùáõß, ÝíÇñí³Í. ~
loutish [΄lauti∫] a Ïáßï, ÏáåÇï, ³Ýï³ß: glance ëÇñáÕ Ñ³Û³óù. ~ words ùÝùáõß μ³-
lovable [΄lΛvəbl] a Ññ³åáõñÇã, ·ñ³íÇã: é»ñ. ~ friend ÝíÇñí³Í ÁÝÏ»ñ:
love [lΛv] n ë»ñ, ëÇñ³Ñ³ñí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. be in loving-cup [΄lΛviŋkΛp] n ßñç³Ý³Ã³ë, μá-
~ with ëÇñ³Ñ³ñí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. fall in ~ ëÇñ³- Éáñ³Ã³ë (ËÝçáõÛùÝ»ñáõÙ):
ѳñí»É. fall out of ~ ¹³¹³ñ»É ëÇñ»Éáõó. be low [ləu] a ó³Íñ, ó³Í. ~ price/wall/wage/fre-
always in and out of ~ Ñ»ßïáõÃÛ³Ùμ ëÇñ³- quency ó³Íñ ·ÇÝ/å³ï /³ß˳ï³í³ñÓ/
ѳñí»É. for ~ or money ³Ù»Ý ·Ýáí. There is ѳ׳˳ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ. of ~ birth ó³Íñ ͳ-
no ~ lost between them Üñ³Ýù ÙÇÙÛ³Ýó ã»Ý ·áõÙ áõÝ»óáÕ. ~ cost ¿Å³Ý, ¿Å³Ý³·ÇÝ. a ~
ëÇñáõÙ/ѳϳÏñáõÙ »Ý. ~ at first sight ë»ñ attendance ó³Íñ/í³ï ѳ׳ËáõÙ. a ~ dress
³é³çÇÝ Ñ³Û³óùÇó. marry for ~ ëÇñ»Éáí ³- ËáñÁ Ïïñí³Íùáí ѳ·áõëï. ~ water ï»-
ÙáõëݳݳÉ. my ~ ëÇñ»ÉÇë, ѳñ³½³ïë. Õ³ïíáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ income ÷áùñ/ó³Íñ »Ï³-
(ëÇñ³ÛÇÝ) ~ story ëÇñ³ÛÇÝ å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ Ùáõï. a ~ whisper Ù»ÕÙ ßßÝçáó. ~ tastes ·é»-
affair ëÇñ³í»å. ~ letter ëÇñ³ÛÇÝ Ý³Ù³Ï. ~ ÑÇÏ/ÏáåÇï ׳߳Ï. have a ~ opinion ó³Íñ
child ³ÙáõëÝáõÃÛáõÝÇó ¹áõñë/ëÇñáõó ÍÝí³Í ϳñÍÇùÇ ÉÇÝ»É. ~ behaviour ó³Íñ/í³ï
low 495 lucre

í³ñù: ݳå³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ:
low [ləu] adv ó³Íñ. fly ~ ó³Íñ Ãéã»É. The sun L. s. d, £. s. d. [‚eles΄di:] n ýáõÝï ëï»é-
is ~ ²ñ¨Á ûùí»É ¿ñ ¹»åÇ ÑáñǽáÝ. The ri- ÉÇÝ·Ý»ñ. ßÇÉÇÝ·Ý»ñ ¨ å»Ýë»ñ. ËëÏó.
vers are ~ ¶»ï»ñáõÙ ùÇã çáõñ ϳ. Stocks are ѳñëïáõÃÛáõÝ, ÷áÕ:
running ~ ä³ß³ñÝ»ñÁ ëå³éíáõÙ »Ý. feel ~ lubricant [΄lu:brikənt] n, a ùëáõù, ùë³ÝÛáõÃ.
í³ï ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É. ÑÙÏñ·. ùë»Éáõ, ÛáõÕ»Éáõ:
~ memory ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝ£ lubricate [΄lu:brikeit] v ÛáõÕ»É. ÷Ëμ., ËëÏó.
low [ləu] n, v μ³é³ã, μ³é³ã»É: ÛáõÕ»É, ϳ߳é»É, ϳ߳éù ï³É. ~ing oil/
low-born [‚ləu΄bɔ:n] a ó³Íñ ͳ·áõÙáí/ͳ- grease ùë³ÛáõÕ:
·áõÙ áõÝ»óáÕ: lubrication [‚lu:bri΄kei∫n] n ùëáõÙ, ÛáõÕáõÙ:
low-browed [΄ləubraud] a Ý»Õ׳ϳï: lubricator [΄lu:brikeitə] n ÛáõÕ³Ù³Ý. ùëÇã,
low-down [΄ləudaun] 1.a ëïáñ, ³Ý³½ÝÇí. ÛáõÕÇã. ùë³ÝÛáõÃ, ùëáõù:
2. n (Ëáñ³)·³ÕïÝÇù. He gave me the ~ ܳ lubricous [΄lu:brikəs] a ë³ÑáõÝ, ë³ÛóùáõÝ.
ÇÝÓ å³ïÙ»ó μáÉáñ ·³ÕïÝÇùÝ»ñÁ: ÷Ëμ. ׳ñåÇÏ, Ëáõë³÷áÕ:
lower [΄ləuə] a ³í»ÉÇ ó³Íñ, Ý»ñù¨Ç, .Ý»ñ- luce [lu:s] n ·³ÛɳÓáõÏ:
ùÇÝ, ëïáñÇÝ. the ~ animals/classes/school lucent [΄lu:snt] a å³Ûͳé, ÷³ÛÉáõÝ. ó÷³Ý-
ó³Íñ ϻݹ³ÝÇÝ»ñÁ/¹³ë»ñÁ/¹³ë³ñ³ÝÝ»- óÇÏ, Éáõë³ÝóÇÏ:
ñÁ. the ~ deck ëïáñÇÝ ï³Ëï³Ï³Ù³Í. a ~ lucerne [lu:΄sə:n] n μëμ. ³éíáõÛï:
tooth Ý»ñù¨Ç ³ï³Ù: lucid [΄lu:sid] a å³ñ½, Ñëï³Ï, ó÷³ÝóÇÏ.
lower [΄ləuə] v ÇçÝ»É, Çç»óÝ»É. Ýí³½»óÝ»É. a ~ style/mind å³ñ½ á×. Ñëï³Ï ÙÇïù. ѳë-
~ the blinds/the eyes/the head Çç»óÝ»É í³ñ³- ϳݳÉÇ/å³ñ½ ¹³ïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. Ñave ~ inter-
·áõÛñÝ»ñÁ/³ãù»ñÁ/·ÉáõËÁ(ϳ˻É). ~ the vals Ñëï³Ï ·Çï³ÏóáõÃ³Ý å³Ñ»ñ áõÝ»-
boat ݳí³ÏÁ çáõñÝ Çç»óÝ»É. ~ the prices/the ݳÉ:
voice ·Ý»ñÁ/Ó³ÛÝÁ Çç»óÝ»É. I wouldn’t ~ my- lucidity [lu:΄sidəti] n å³ñ½áõÃÛáõÝ, Ñëï³-
self ºë ã»Ù ëïáñ³Ý³: ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ѳëϳݳÉÇáõÃáõÝ:
lowermost [΄ləuəməust] a ³Ù»Ý³ó³Íñ, luck [lΛk] n μ³Ëï, ѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ׳ϳ-
³Ù»Ý³ëïáñÇÝ: ï³·Çñ. bad/ill ~ ¹Åμ³ËïáõÃÛáõÝ, Ó³Ëáñ-
low-grade [‚ləu΄greid] n ó³Íñáñ³Ï, í³ïá- ¹áõÃÛáõÝ. Good ~! гçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. rough ~
ñ³Ï: ¹³éÁ ׳ϳﳷÇñ. by (good) ~ μ³ñ»-
low-heeled [‚ləu΄hi:ld] a ó³Íñ³ÏñáõÝÏ. ~ μ³ËïáõÃÛ³Ùμ, μ³ñ»μ³Ëï³μ³ñ. as ~
shoes ó³Íñ³ÏñáõÝÏ ÏáßÇÏÝ»ñ: would have it μ³ñ»μ³Ëï³μ³ñ. ϳñÍ»ë
lowland [΄ləulənd] n ¹³ßï³í³Ûñ, ó³Íñ³- ¹ÇïÙ³Ùμ. try one’s ~ μ³ËïÁ ÷áñÓ»É. devil’s
own ~ ³ñï³ëáíáñ ѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. down on
í³Ûñ, ѳñóí³Ûñ:
one’s ~ Ó³Ëáñ¹áõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç. Just my ~!
low-level [΄ləulevl] a ÷áùñ μ³ñÓñáõÃÛáõÝ. a
ÆÝãå»ë ÙÇßï, μ³Ëïë ãÇ μ»ñáõÙ. Better ~
~ flight/attack ³í. ÃéÇãù ÷áùñ/ó³Íñ μ³ñÓ-
next time гçáñ¹ ³Ý·³Ù μ³Ëï¹ Ïμ»ñÇ.
ñáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³. ѳñÓ³ÏáõÙ ÷áùñ μ³ñÓñáõ-
Worse ~ ! ¸Åμ³Ëï³μ³ñ. No such ~ ! ÐáõÛë
ÃÛáõÝÇó. a ~ official Ù³Ýñ ãÇÝáíÝÇÏ:
¿É ãáõÝ»Ù:
lowly [΄ləuli] a, adv ѳٻëï, ËáݳñÑ. ѳ- luckily [΄lΛkili] adv μ³ñ»μ³Ëï³μ³ñ:
Ù»ëïáñ»Ý:
luckless [΄lΛkləs] a ¹Åμ³Ëï, ³ÝѳçáÕ³Ï,
low-paid [‚ləu΄peid] a ó³Íñ í³ñÓ³ïñíáÕ: ã³ñ³μ³Ëï:
low-powered [‚ləu΄pauəd] a ï»Ë. ë³Ï³- lucky [΄lΛki] a μ³Ëï³íáñ, ѳçáÕ³Ï, μ³-
í³½áñ/ϳñáÕ. ~ car ÷áùñ³ÉÇïñ³Å ³íïá-
ñ»μ³Ëï: ~ guess »ñç³ÝÇÏ »Ýó¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ.
Ù»ù»Ý³:
L~ you! ÆÝãå»ë ¿É μ³Ëï¹ μ»ñáõÙ ¿. be born~
low-spirited [‚ləu΄spiritid] a íѳï, μ³Ëï³íáñ ÍÝí»É. L~ beggar/dog! ËëÏó.
ÁÝÏ×í³Í:
´³Ëï³íáñ. have a ~ escape ѳçáÕ ³½³ï-
loyal [΄lɔiəl] a ѳí³ï³ñÇÙ. ûñÇݳå³Ñ. í»É:
³ÝÓÝí»ñ. ÉáÛ³É: lucrative [΄lu:krətiv] a ß³Ñáõóμ»ñ, »Ï³ÙÁ-
loyalty [΄lɔiəlti] n ѳí³ï³ñÙáõÃÛáõÝ, ûñÇ- ï³μ»ñ, ߳ѳí»ï:
ludicrous 496 lurch I

lucre [΄lu:kə] n ß³ÑáõÛÃ, ß³Ñ, û·áõï. filthy ~ å³Ûͳé. a ~ watch Éáõë³íáñ Ãí³Ñ³ñó-
³Ý³ñ· Ù»ï³Õ (áëÏÇ, ÷áÕ): Ïáí ųٳóáõÛó:
ludicrous [΄lu:dikrəs] a ³ÝѻûÃ, ³ÝÙÇï, lump [lΛmp] n ·áõݹ. Ïáßï, Ù»Í Ïïáñ. a ~ of
ÍÇͳջÉÇ: sugar/cake/butter ß³ù³ñÇ/ÃËí³ÍùÇ/ ϳñ³-
lug [lΛg] n ï»Ë. ϳÝÃ, ÏáÃ, μéݳÏ: ·Ç Ïïáñ. a ~ of clay ϳíÇ Ïïáñ. a ~ of
lug [lΛg] v ù³ñß ï³É, ù³ñß»Éáí ï³Ý»É. ÓÇ· ice/stone ë³éáõÛóÇ/ù³ñÇ Ù»Í³Ïïáñ. a ~ in
ï³É, Ó·»É. ~ the trunk ׳ÙåñáõÏÁ ù³ñß the throat ÷Ëμ. ͳÝñáõÃÛ³Ý/ϳñϳÙÇ
ï³É: ½·³óÙáõÝù. in the ~ Ù»Í ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùμ.
luggage [΄lΛgidз] n áõÕ»μ»é, μ³·³Å. ~ ÷Ëμ. ³ÙμáÕçáõÃÛ³Ùμ. ~ sum ÙdzÝí³·
rack/van »ñÏÃ. áõÕ»μ»éÇ ¹³ñ³Ï. ³åñ³Ý- ·áõÙ³ñ. It was paid in the ~ sum ¶áõÙ³ñÁ
ù³ï³ñ í³·áÝ. register the ~ ͳÝñáóÁ/ ³ÙμáÕçáõÃÛ³Ùμ í׳ñí»ó. (áõéáõóù,
áõÕ»μ»éÁ ѳÝÓÝ»É: »Éáõݹ) a ~ on one’s knee/forehead áõéáõóù
lugubrious [lə΄gu:briəs] a ïËáõñ, ïñïáõÙ: ÍÝÏÇ íñ³. »Éáõݹ ׳ϳïÇÝ. a ~ of a girl
lukewarm [‚lu:k΄wɔ:m] a ·áÉ, ·³Õç. The ѳëïÉÇÏ ³ÕçÇÏ:
water is ~ æáõñÁ ·áÉ ¿. ÷Ëμ. ³Ýï³ñμ»ñ. be lump [lΛmp] v (together) ˳éÝ»É ÙÇ ÏáõÛïÇ
~ in the support of smth ³Ýï³ñμ»ñ ÉÇÝ»É Ù»ç. ~ under one heading ÙÇ Ëáñ³·ñÇ ï³Ï
áñ¨¿ μ³Ý ë³ï³ñ»Éáõ ѳñóáõÙ: Ùdzíáñ»É. ~ it ËëÏó. ѳßïí»É, ÏáõÉ ï³É.
lull [lΛl] n ¹³¹³ñ, ÁݹÙÇçáõÙ, ˳ճÕáõ- You have to ~ it (áõ½»ë-ãáõ½»ë) êïÇåí³Í »ë
ÃÛáõÝ, ѳݷëïáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ in the fighting/con- ÏáõÉ ï³É:
versation ¹³¹³ñ Ù³ñïÇ ÁÝóóùáõÙ. Áݹ- lumper [΄lΛmpə] n μ»éÝÇã.μ³ñÓáÕ μ³Ýíáñ:
ѳïáõÙ ½ñáõÛóÇ/Ëáë³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Å³Ù³- lumping [΄lΛmpiŋ] a ËëÏó. Ñëϳ۳ϳÝ.
ݳÏ. the ~ before the storm ˳ճÕáõÃÛáõÝ Ëáßáñ. ~ weight ÉñÇí ù³ß:
÷áÃáñÏÇó ³é³ç: lumpish [΄lΛmpi∫] a ³ÝßÝáñÑù, ¹³Ý¹³Õ³-
lull [lΛl] v ûñáñ ³ë»Éáí/ûñáñ»Éáí ùÝ»óÝ»É. ~ ß³ñÅ. μáõÃ, ÑÇÙ³ñ:
the baby to sleep »ñ»Ë³ÛÇÝ ûñáñ»Éáí ùÝ»ó- lumpy [΄lΛmpi] a Ïáßï. ·áõݹ-·áõݹ:
Ý»É. ÷Ëμ. ѳݷëï³óÝ»É, ÷³ñ³ï»É. She lunacy [΄lu:nəsi] n ˻ɳ·³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ÉáõëÝá-
~ed her fears/suspicions ܳ ѳݹ³ñï»óñ»ó ïáõÃÛáõÝ:
í³ËÁ, ÷³ñ³ï»ó/óñ»ó ϳëϳÍÝ»ñÁ: lunar [΄lu:nə] a ÉáõëݳÛÇÝ, ÉáõëÝÇ:
lullaby [΄lΛləbai] n ûñáñ, ûñáñáóÇ »ñ·: lunatic [΄lu:nətik] n ˻ɳ·³ñ, ˻ɳ·³ñ-
lumber [΄lΛmbə] n ³Ýï³é³ÝÛáõÃ. ÑÇÝ í³Í. ·ÇÅ. Ñá·»Ï³Ý ÑÇí³Ý¹. ÉáõëÝáï. ~
Çñ»ñ, ÑÝáïÇù, ³Ýå»ïùáõÃÛáõÝ (ËɳÙ). ~ asylum Ñá·»μáõųñ³Ý:
camp ³Ýï³é³ÙûñáÕÝ»ñÇ ³í³Ý. ~ room lunch [lΛnt∫] n Ï»ëûñÛ³ ݳ˳׳ß/ ׳ß.
Ëáñ¹³Ýáó: É»Ýã have/take ~ Ï»ëûñÇÝ ×³ß»É/ݳ˳׳-
lumber [΄lΛmbə] v Ë×áÕ»É, Çñ³ñ íñ³ ÉóÝ»É. ß»É. have a quick ~ ûè áõï»ëï»Õ»Ý/ݳ-
³Ýï³é³ÝÛáõà Ùûñ»É: The attic is ~ ed with Ë³×³ß ³Ý»É. basket ~ ½μáë³ËÝçáõÛù, åÇÏ-
furniture Ò»ÕݳѳñÏÁ (˳éÝÇËáõéÝ) É»÷ ÝÇÏ:
É»óáõÝ ¿ ÑÇÝ Ï³ÑáõÛùáí: lunch [lΛnt∫] v (åßï.) ׳ß. (áã åßï.) ݳ˳-
lumbering [΄lΛmbəriŋ] n ³Ýï³é³Ñ³ïáõÙ: ׳ß. We ~ed off cheese Ø»Ýù å³Ýñáí ݳ-
lumberjack [΄lΛmbədзæk], lumberman ˳׳߻óÇÝù:
[΄lΛmbəmən] n ³Ýï³é³Ñ³ï: luncheon [΄lΛnt∫ən] n ѳ¹Çë³íáñ ݳ-
lumber-mill [΄lΛmbəmil] n ëÕáó³ñ³Ý: ˳׳ß:
lumber-room [΄lΛmbərum] n ó³Ë³ïáõÝ, lunchtime [΄lΛnt∫taim] n (׳ßÇ) ÁݹÙÇçáõÙ.
ó³Ë³Ýáó: It’s ~ ijٳݳÏÝ ¿ ׳߻É:
lumber-yard [΄lΛmbəja:d] n ÷³ÛïÇ å³- lung [lΛŋ] n Ãáù. the ~s Ãáù»ñ. good ~s ÷Ëμ.
Ñ»ëï: áõÅ»Õ Ó³ÛÝ. at the top of one’s ~s ³ÙμáÕç
luminary [΄lu:minəri] n Éáõë³ïáõ: áõÅáí. inflammation of ~ Ãáù»ñÇ μáñμáùáõÙ:
luminescence [‚lu:mi΄nesns] n Éáõë³ñÓ³- lunge [lΛndз] n ѳñí³Í (ëáõë»ñáí ¨ ³ÛÉÝ).
ÏáõÙ: ÑñáõÙ, ó÷áí ß³ñÅáõÙ:
luminous [΄lu:minəs] a Éáõë³ßáÕ, ÷³ÛÉáõÝ. lupus [΄lu:pəs] n μÅßÏ. ·³ÛɳËï:
lurch II 497 lyrist II

lurch I [lə:t∫] n, v »ñ»ñáõÝ ù³ÛÉí³Íù. ÏáÕ³- ßù»ÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳñëïáõÃÛáõÝ:


ûùáõÙ. »ñ»ñ³Éáí ·Ý³É. Ïáճûùí»É. ~ luxuriant [lΛg΄zjuəriənt] a ÷³ñóÙ, ×áË.
along the strret »ñ»ñáõÝ ù³ÛÉ»ñáí ÷áÕáóáí ³é³ï, ѳñáõëï. ~ growth/hair ÷³ñóÙ
·Ý³É. The lorry ~ed ´»éݳï³ñ Ù»ù»Ý³Ý ÙÇ ³×/Ù³½»ñ. ~ style ·áõݳ·»Õ/½³ñ¹ á×:
ÏáÕÙÇ íñ³ ûùí»ó: luxuriate [lΛg΄zjuərieit] v μáõéÝ/÷³ñóÙ
lurch II [lə:t∫] n leave smb in the ~ ͳÝñ Ï»ñåáí ³×»É. ×áË ³åñ»É. ÷³ñó٠ÏÛ³Ýù
ñáå»ÇÝ Ù»ÏÇÝ Éù»É: í³ñ»É:
lurcher [΄lə:t∫ə] n Ù³Ýñ μ³Ý»ñÇ ·áÕ, Éñï»ë: luxurious [lΛg΄zjuəriəs] a ßù»Õ, ×áË, ÷³ñ-
lure [ljuə] n ·³ÛóÏÕáõÃÛáõÝ, Ññ³åáõñ³Ýù óÙ:
(ݳ¨ ÷Ëμ.) the ~ of the big city Ù»Í ù³Õ³ùÇ luxur/y [΄lΛk∫əri] n ßù»ÕáõÃÛáõÝ, å»ñ׳Ýù.
Ó·áÕ³Ï³Ý áõÅÁ/·³ÛóÏÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ: live in ~ ßù»ÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ³åñ»É. a life of ~
lure [ljuə] v Ññ³åáõñ»É, ·³ÛóÏÕ»óÝ»É. ßù»Õ ÏÛ³Ýù. ~ goods å»ñ׳ÝùÇ ³é³ñϳ-
·ñ³í»É. ~ into a trap Ññ³åáõñ»Éáí ÍáõÕ³ÏÁ Ý»ñ. I can’t afford many ~ ies â»Ù ϳñáÕ ß³ï
·ó»É. ~ smb away from smth Ù»ÏÇ áõß³¹ñáõ- ßù»Õ μ³Ý»ñ ÃáõÛÉ ï³É. He denied himself
ÃÛáõÝÁ ߻ջÉ: every ~ ܳ Çñ»Ý áã ÙÇ ³í»Éáñ¹áõÃÛáõÝ ÃáõÛÉ
lurid [΄ljuərid] a μáó³í³éíáÕ. Ññ», Ññ»Õ»Ý. ã¿ñ ï³ÉÇë. It is a ~ today ²Ûëûñ ¹³ ³í»Éáñ-
ã³ñ³·áõß³Ï, Ùé³ÛÉ. a ~ sunset μáó³í³é- ¹áõÃÛáõÝ ¿. a ~ hotel ßù»Õ/×áË ÑÛáõñ³Ýáó:
íáÕ/ Ññ» Ù³Ûñ³Ùáõï. ~ details ÷Ëμ. ã³ñ³- lying [΄laiiŋ] n, a ëï³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝ, ëï»ÉÁ.
·áõß³Ï Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ»ñ: ëáõï, Ï»ÕÍ:
lurk [lə:k] v óùÝí»É, ¹³ñ³Ý»É. on the ~ ¹³- lying [΄laiiŋ] n å³éÏ»ÉÁ. å³éÏ»Éáõ ï»Õ. Ù³-
ñ³Ý Ùï³Í. ~ in the bushes Ã÷»ñáõÙ ¹³ñ³- ÑÇ×. dry/soft ~ ãáñ/÷³÷áõÏ Ù³ÑÇ×. ~ in
ݳϳɻÉ: ÍÝݹ³μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
lurking-place [΄lə:kiŋpleis] n óùëïáó, lymph [limf] n ýǽÉ. ³íÇß, ÉÇÙý³. animal ~
å³ïëå³ñ³Ý: å³ïí³ëï³ÝÛáõÃ, í³ÏóÇݳ. ~ gland ³í-
luscious [΄lΛ∫əs] a ÑÛáõóÉÇ, ù³Õóñ, ³Ýáõ- ß³ï³ñ/ÉÇÙý³ïÇÏ ·»ÕÓ/:
߳ѳÙ. a ~ lovely ËëÏó. ·ÉË³Ñ³Ý ³ÝáÕ lymphatic [lim΄fætik] a ³íß³ÛÇÝ. ³Ýï³ñ-
·»Õ»óÏáõÑÇ: μ»ñ, ýÉ»·Ù³ïÇÏ:
lush [lΛ∫] a ÑÛáõûÕ, ÷³ñó٠(μáõë³Ï³Ýáõ- lynch [lint∫] v ÉÇÝã»É, ÇÝùݳ¹³ï³ëï³ÝÇ
ÃÛáõÝ). ~ meadows/vegetation ÑÛáõÃ»Õ Ù³ñ- »ÝóñÏ»É:
·³·»ïÇÝÝ»ñ. ÷³ñó٠μáõë³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: Lynch law [΄lint∫lɔ:] n ÈÇÝãÇ ¹³ï³ëï³Ý,
lush [lΛ∫] n, v á·»ÉÇó ËÙÇãù. ËÙ»É, ÏáÝÍ»É: ÇÝùݳ¹³ï³ëï³Ý:
lust [lΛst] n ï³ñ÷³Ýù, Ñ»ßï³ëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ, lynx [liŋks] n ϻݹ. Éáõë³Ý:
ÏÇñù. ÷³÷³·, μ³ÕÓ³Ýù. ~ for power Çß- lynx-eyed [‚liŋks΄aid] a ÷Ëμ. ëñ³ï»ë:
˳ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ÷³÷³·/ï»Ýã³Ýù: lyre [΄laiə] n ùݳñ:
lustiness [΄lΛstinəs] n áõÅ, Ïáñáí, ³éáõÛ·áõ- lyre-bird [΄laiəbə:d] n ùݳñ³Ñ³í:
ÃÛáõÝ: lyric [΄lirik] n ùݳñ»ñ·³Ï³Ý. ~ poet ùݳñ-
lustre [΄lΛstə] n ÷³ÛÉ, ßáõù. ÷Ëμ. ÷³éù, »ñ·áõ μ³Ý³ëï»ÕÍ. ~ poetry ùݳñ»ñ·³Ï³Ý
ç³Ñ. add/give/throw ~ ÷³ÛÉ ï³É, ÷³é³μ³- μ³Ý³ëï»ÕÍáõÃÛáõÝ, ùݳñ»ñ·áõÃÛáõÝ. ~s
Ý»É: ùݳñ»ñ·áõÃÛáõÝ:
lustreless [΄lΛstələs] a ³Õáï, ³Ý÷³ÛÉ: lyrical [΄lirikl] a ùݳñ»ñ·³Ï³Ý, ùݳñ³-
lustrous [΄lΛstrəs] a ÷³ÛÉáõÝ, åëåÕáõÝ. ϳÝ. Ñdzó³Í. He waxed ~ about the play ܳ
ÑÕϳÍ, áÕáñÏ: ÑdzóÙáõÝùáí ¿ñ ËáëáõÙ Ý»ñϳ۳óÙ³Ý
lusty [΄lΛsti] a áõÅ»Õ, ³éáÕç. a ~ voice/infant Ù³ëÇÝ:
áõÅ»Õ Ó³ÛÝ. ³éáÕç »ñ»Ë³: lyricism [΄lirisiz(ə)m] n ùݳñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ,
lute [lu:t] n »ñÅß. íÇÝ: ÉÇñǽÙ:
luxuriance [lΛg΄zjuəriəns] n ×áËáõÃÛáõÝ, lyrist I [΄lirist] n ùݳñ»ñ·áõ, ùݳñ»ñ·³Ï:
498

M
lyrist II [΄laiərist] n ùݳñ³Ñ³ñ: Ù³ñ ѳñÙ³ñ ï»ëù. ~ intelligence ³ñÑ»ë-
ï³Ï³Ý ÇÝï»É»Ïï. ~ learning Ù»ù»Ý³-
M, m [em] n ³Ý·É»ñ»Ý ³Ûμáõμ»ÝÇ 13-ñ¹ Û³Ï³Ý áõëáõóáõÙ:
ï³éÁ£ machine-gun [mə΄∫i:ngΛn] n, a ·Ý¹³óÇñ.
ma [ma:] n ËëÏó. ٳٳ: ·Ý¹³óñÇ, ·Ý¹³óñ³ÛÇÝ:
ma‘am [mæm] n (Ïñ×. madam-Çó) ïÇÏÇÝ, machine-gunner [mə΄∫i:n‚gΛnə] n ·Ý¹³ó-
ïÇñáõÑÇ. (¹ÇÙ»ÉÇë) Ù³¹³Ù: ñáñ¹:
macaco [mə΄keikəu] n ٳϳϳ (ϳåÇÏ): machinery [mə΄∫i:nəri] n Ñíù. Ù»ù»Ý³Ý»ñ,
macabre [mə΄ka:brə] Ùé³ÛÉ, ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ. ~ Ù»ù»Ý³Ï³Ý ë³ñù³íáñáõÙ. ٻ˳ÝǽÙ.
humour Ùé³ÛÉ/ë¨ ÑáõÙáñ: å»ï³Ï³Ý ³å³ñ³ï. the ~ of law ÷Ëμ.
macadam [mə΄kædəm] n, a ËÇ×. Ë׳å³ï, ûñ»Ýë¹ñ³Ï³Ý ³å³ñ³ï:
Ë×áõÕáõ: machinist [mə΄∫i:nist] n Ù»ù»Ý³í³ñ, ٻ˳-
macadamize [mə΄kædəmaiz] v Ë×áõÕÇ ÝÇÏ, ÷³Ï³Ý³·áñÍ:
ßÇÝ»É, Ë׳å³ï»É. ѳÝù³ÓÛáõÃáí/·áõ¹ñá- mackerel [΄mækrəl] n ÃÛáõÝÇÏ, ëÏáõÙμñdz:
Ýáí ͳÍÏ»É: mackintosh [΄mækintɒ∫] n (Ïñ×. mac) Ù³-
macaroni [‚mækə΄rəuni] n ٳϳñáÝ: ÏÇÝïáß, ³Ýçñ³ÝóÇÏ í»ñ³ñÏáõ:
macaroon [‚mækə΄ru:n] n Ýßáí ÃËí³Íù: macro [‚mækrəu] a, n Ù»Í, Ù³Ïñá. ÑÙÏñ·.
mace I [meis] n ÙßÏÁÝÏáõÛ½, ÙßÏÁÝÏáõÛ½Ç Ï»- Ù³ÏñáÑñ³Ñ³Ý·. ~ definition Ù³Ïñáë³ÑÙ³-
Õ»í: ÝáõÙ. ~ code Ù³ÏñáÑñ³Ñ³Ý·. ~ processor
mace II [meis] n ·³ÛÇëáÝ, ٳϳÝ: Ù³Ïñáåñáó»ëáñ:
macerate [΄mæsəreit] v Ãñçáó ¹Ý»É, ϳÏ- macroeconomics [‚mækrəui:kə΄nɒmiks] n
Õ³óÝ»É. áõųëå³é ³Ý»É. ÑÛáõÍ»É, ٳ߻É: Ù³ÏñáïÝï»ë³·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ:
maceration [‚mæsə΄rei∫n] n ÃñçáõÙ, ϳÏ- mad [mæd] 1. a ˻ɳ·³ñ, Ë»ÝÃ, ·ÇÅ. go ~
Õ³óáõÙ. ÑÛáõÍáõÙ, Ù³ßáõÙ. áõųëå³éáõ- ·Åí»É, ˻ɳ·³ñí»É. drive/send one ~ Ë»Ý-
ÃÛáõÝ: óóÝ»É, ˻ɳ·³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ëóÝ»É. like ~
machination [‚mæki΄nei∫n] n Ù»ù»Ý³Ûáõ- ˻ɳ·³ñÇ/Ë»ÝÃÇ ÝÙ³Ý. (ϳï³ÕÇ, ϳ-
ÃÛáõÝ, ݻݷáõÃÛáõÝ. ¹³í: ï³Õ³Í) a ~ dog ϳï³Õ³Í ßáõÝ. ~ with jeal-
machine [mə΄∫i:n] n Ù»ù»Ý³, ·áñÍÇù, ¹³½- ousy ˳ݹÇó ϳï³Õ³Í. ËëÏó. ËÇëï
·³Ñ. ٻ˳ÝǽÙ, ë³ñù. washing/sewing/knit- μ³ñϳó³Í. as ~ as a hatter ÉñÇí Ë»ÉùÁ
ting ~ Éí³óùÇ/ϳñÇ/·áñÍáÕ Ù»ù»Ý³. minc- Ãéóñ³Í. get ~ μ³ñϳݳÉ, ½³Ûñ³Ý³É. Don’t
ing ~ Ùë³Õ³ó. drilling ~ ß³Õ³÷³Ñ³ëïáó. be ~ at me ØÇ° μ³ñϳóÇñ ÇÝÓ íñ³. be ~
install/start /repair a ~ ï»Õ³¹ñ»É/·áñÍÇ about smth ·Åí»É ÙÇ μ³ÝÇ íñ³. She is ~ about
¹Ý»É/í»ñ³Ýáñá·»É Ù»ù»Ý³Ý. (³å³ñ³ï) tennis »ÝÇëÁ Ýñ³Ý Ë»ÉùÇó Ñ³Ý»É ¿. 2. adv
party/state ~ Ïáõë³Ïó³Ï³Ý/å»ï³Ï³Ý ³- run like ~ ·ÅÇ å»ë í³½»É:
å³ñ³ï. a ~ language Ù»ù»Ý³ÛÇ/ѳٳ- madcap [΄mædkæp] n Ë»ÝÃ, ˻ɳé ÃáÏÇó
ϳñ·ã³ÛÇÝ É»½áõ. the ~ age Ù»ù»Ý³Ý»ñÇ ÷³Ë³Í:
¹³ñ. ~ translation Ù»ù»Ý³Û³Ï³Ý óñ·Ù³- madden [΄mædn] v Ë»ÝóóÝ»É, ˻ɳ·³-
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ readable Ù»ù»Ý³Ûáí ϳñ¹³ó- ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ëóÝ»É. Ë»ÝóݳÉ, ˻ɳ·³ñ-
íáÕ. ~ shop ٻ˳ÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý ó»Ë. ~ tool í»É:
¹³½·³Ñ, ѳëïáó. the ~ tool industry ѳë- made [meid] a ßÇÝí³Í, å³ïñ³ëí³Í. ~ dish
ïáó³ßÇÝ³Ï³Ý ³¹Ûáõݳμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ÑÙÏñ·. ûñí³ ×³ß³ï»ë³Ï (ݳËûñáù å³ïñ³ëï-
~ dependent Ù»ù»Ý³ÛÇó ϳËí³Í. ~ inde- í³Í). (Ù³ñÙݳϳ½Ù) well ~ í³Û»Éã³Ï³½Ù.
pendent Ù»ù»Ý³ÛÇó ³ÝϳË. ~ oriented lan- stoutly~ ·»ñ, ѳëï:
guage Ù»ù»Ý³Ûáí ÏáÕÙÝáñáßí³Í É»½áõ. ~ mademoiselle [‚mædəmwə΄zel] n ýñ. ûñÇ-
readable ѳٳϳñ·Çã Ùáõïù ³Ý»Éáõ ѳ- áñ¹:
madhouse 499 mail

made-up [‚meid΄Λp] a ³ñÑ»ëï³Ï³Ý, ³Ý- magnet [΄mægnit] n Ù³·ÝÇë:


μݳϳÝ, Ï»ÕÍ. μ³Õ³¹ñáíÇ, ѳí³ùáíÇ. magnetic [mæg΄netik] a Ù³·ÝÇëÇ, Ù³·ÝÇ-
å³ïñ³ëïÇ (ѳ·áõëï): ë³Ï³Ý. ÷Ëμ. ·ñ³íÇã/Ó·áÕ. a ~ personality
madhouse [΄mædhaus] n ËëÏó. ·Å³Ýáó: Ó·áÕ/·ñ³íÇã ³ÝÓݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ:
madman [΄mædmən] n ˻ɳ·³ñ, ·ÇÅ magnetics [mæg΄netiks] n ýǽ. Ù³·ÝÇë³-
Ù³ñ¹: ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
madness [΄mædnəs] n ˻ɳ·³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ϳ- magnetism [΄mægnətiz(ə)m] n Ù³·ÝÇë³-
ï³ÕáõÃÛáõÝ: ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ÷Ëμ. ÑÙ³Ûù, Ññ³åáõÛñ:
madwoman [΄mæd‚ wumən] n ˻ɳ·³ñ magnification [‚mægnifi΄kei∫n] n Ëáßáñ³-
ÏÇÝ: óáõÙ:
maelstrom [΄meilstrɒm] n çñ³åïáõÛï, magnificence [mæg΄nifisəns] n ßù»Õáõ-
ÑáñÓ³Ýáõï. ÷Ëμ. ÑáñӳݳåïáõÛï, ßñç³- ÃÛáõÝ, Ñá۳ϳåáõÃÛáõÝ:
åïáõÛï: magnificent [mæg΄nifisənt] a Ñá۳ϳå,
mafia [΄mæfiə] n Ù³ýdz. ~ tycoon Ù³ýdzÛÇ ÷³é³Ñ»Õ. ËëÏó. ½³ñٳݳÉÇ, ³åß»óáõ-
ջϳí³ñ: óÇã. M~ ! ÐáÛ³Ï³å ¿:
magazine [‚mægə΄zi:n] n ³Ùë³·Çñ, ѳÝ- magnifier [΄mægnifaiə] n Ëáßáñ³óáõÛó
¹»ë, ÅáõéݳÉ. é½Ù. ½ÇݳÙûñùÝ»ñÇ å³- ³å³ÏÇ. áõŻճóáõóÇã£
Ñ»ëï: magnify [΄mægnifai] v Ëáßáñ³óÝ»É, ٻͳó-
maggot [΄mægət] n ÃñÃáõñ, áñ¹. (ùٳѳ- Ý»É. ÷Ëμ. ã³÷³½³ÝóÝ»É. ~ problems ¹Åí³-
×áõÛù) a ~ in one’s brain Ë»ÝÃáõÃÛáõÝ: ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ã³÷³½³Ýó»É:
magic [΄mædзik] n Ùá·áõÃÛáõÝ, ϳ˳ñ¹áõ- magnifying [΄mægnifaiiŋ] a ٻͳóÝáÕ, Ëá-
ÃÛáõÝ. ÑÙ³Ûù, ϳ˳ñ¹³Ýù. black ~ ë¨ Ùá- ßáñ³óÝáÕ. ~ glass Ëáßáñ³óáõÛó:
·áõÃÛáõÝ. as if by ~ ϳñÍ»ë ϳ˳ñ¹³Ýùáí. magnitude [΄mægnitju:d] n Ù»ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ͳ-
the ~ of the song »ñ·Ç ÑÙ³ÛùÁ: í³É. ϳñ¨áñáõÃÛáõÝ. enterprise of ~ Ù»Í Í³-
magic(al) [΄mædзik(l)] a ÙᷳϳÝ, ϳ˳ñ- í³ÉÇ Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
¹³Ï³Ý. ÑÙ³ÛÇã: magnolia [mæg΄nəuliə] n μëμ. ÏÕμÇ, Ù³·-
magician [mə΄dзi∫n] n ϳ˳ñ¹, Ùá·. ÝáÉdz:
³×å³ñ³ñ: magpie [΄mægpai] n ϳã³Õ³Ï. ÷Ëμ. ß³-
magisterial [‚mædзis΄tiəriəl] a Ñ»ÕÇݳϳ- Õ³Ïñ³ï, ß³ï³Ëáë:
íáñ. ¹³ï³Ï³Ý, ¹³ï³ñ³Ý³Ï³Ý: mahogany [mə΄hɒgəni] n ϳñÙñ³÷³Ûï,
magistracy [΄mædзistrəsi] n ¹³ï³Ï³Ý ϳñÙñ³÷³Ûï ͳé:
å³ßïáÝ۳ݻñ. å»ï³Ï³Ý ³ëïÇ׳ݳ- maid [meid] n ³ÕçÇÏ, ûñÇáñ¹, ÏáõÛë. old ~
íáñÝ»ñ£ å³é³í³Í ûñÇáñ¹:
magistral [΄mædзistrəl] n, a ·É˳íáñ ·ÇÍ, maiden [΄meidn] n ³ÕçÇÏ, ûñÇáñ¹, ÏáõÛë:
Ù³·Çëïñ³É. ·É˳íáñ, Ù³·Çëïñ³É³ÛÇÝ. maiden [΄meidn] a ³Õçϳ, ûñÇáñ¹³Ï³Ý,
Ñ»ÕÇݳϳíáñ: Ïáõë³Ï³Ý. ~ aunt ã³Ùáõëݳó³Í Ñáñ³-
magistrate [΄mædзistreit] n Çñ³í. ѳßï³- ùáõÛñ/ Ùáñ³ùáõÛñ. ~ name ûñÇáñ¹³Ï³Ý ³½-
ñ³ñ ¹³ï³íáñ. ~‘s court ѳßï³ñ³ñ ¹³- ·³ÝáõÝ. ÷Ëμ. ³é³çÇÝ ~ flight (³í.) ³é³-
ï³ñ³Ý: çÇÝ ÃéÇãù. ~ speech ³é³çÇÝ »ÉáõÛÃ. ~ voy-
magnanimity [‚mægnə΄niməti] n ٻͳÑá- age (ݳíÇ) ³é³çÇÝ »ñÃ:
·áõÃÛáõÝ: maidenhood [΄meidnhud] n Ïáõë³Ï³Ý
magnanimous [mæg΄næniməs] a ٻͳ- Ù³ùñáõÃÛáõÝ. ³Ý³Õ³ñïáõÃÛáõÝ. áÕç³Ëá-
Ñá·Ç: ÑáõÃÛáõÝ:
magnate [΄mægneit] n Ëáßáñ ϳåÇï³- mail [meil] n ÷áëï, ÷áëï³é³ùáõÙÝ»ñ.
ÉÇëï, Ù³·Ý³ï. oil ~ ݳíÃÇ ³ñù³/Ù³·- air ~ û¹³ÛÇÝ ÷áëï. e ~ ¿É»Ïïñáݳ-
ݳï: ÛÇÝ ÷áëï. (ݳ¨ ~ train) ÷áëï³ï³ñ
magnesia [mæg΄ni:∫ə] n ùÇÙ. Ù³·Ý»½ÇáõÙÇ ·Ý³óù:
ûùëǹ: mail [meil] a ÷áëïÇ, ÷áëï³ÛÇÝ. ~ order
magnesium [mæg΄ni:ziəm] n ùÇÙ. Ù³·Ý»- ÷áëï³ÛÇÝ å³ïí»ñ. ~ bag ÷áëï³ÛÇÝ å³-
½ÇáõÙ, Ù³·ÝÇáõÙ: Ûáõë³Ï, ~ box ÷áëï³ñÏÕ. ~ cart ÷áëï³-
mail 500 majority

ϳéù. ~ coach Ù³Ýϳë³ÛɳÏ: ³ç³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ. ï»Ë. ËݳÙù, ëå³ë³ñ-


mail [meil] v ÷áëïáí áõÕ³ñÏ»É, ³é³ù»É: ÏáõÙ. ³åñáõëïÇ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ. the ~ of public
maim [΄meim] v íݳë»É, ˻ջÉ, ѳßÙ³Ý- order ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ϳñ·Ç å³Ñå³ÝáõÙ.
¹³Ù ¹³ñÓÝ»É. ~ed for life ³ÙáÕç ÏÛ³ÝùáõÙ ~ of human rights Ù³ñ¹áõ Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇ
ѳßٳݹ³Ù: å³Ñå³ÝáõÙ. the ~ of peace ˳ճÕáõÃÛ³Ý
main [mein] n Ù³ÛñáõÕÇ, Ù³·Çëïñ³É. water å³Ñå³ÝáõÙ. ~ costs ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý ëå³-
~ çñ³ï³ñ. turn off at the ~s Ù³ÛñáõÕáõó ë³ñÏÙ³Ý/߳ѳ·áñÍÙ³Ý Í³Ëë»ñ. ~ crew
³Ýç³ï»É. (ÑÇÙݳϳÝ, ·É˳íáñ) in the ~ ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý ëåë³ñÏÙ³Ý ËáõÙμ/μñÇ·³¹.
ÑÇÙݳϳÝáõÙ. agree in the ~ ÑÇÙݳϳÝáõÙ ~ staff ëå³ë³ñÏáÕ ³ÝÓݳϳ½Ù. pay for
ѳٳӳÛÝí»É. with (all one’s) might and ~ smb’s ~ ³å³Ñáí»É ÇÝã-áñ Ù»ÏÇ ³åñáõë-
³ÙμáÕç áõÅáí: ïÁ/í׳ñ»É. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ cycle ëå³ë³ñÏÙ³Ý
main [mein] a ·É˳íáñ, ÑÇÙݳϳÝ. ϳñ¨á- óÇÏÉ. ~ function ëå³ë³ñÏáÕ ýáõÝÏódz. ~
ñ³·áõÛÝ. the ~ street ·É˳íáñ ÷áÕáóÁ. the group ëå³ë³ñÏáÕ ËáõÙμ. ~ time ëå³-
~ thing ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý μ³ÝÁ. the ~ course (׳ßÇ) ë³ñÏÙ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï:
ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ï»ë³ÏÁ. the ~ theme ·É˳íáñ maize [meiz] n »·Çåï³óáñ»Ý:
ûٳÝ. ~ road ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ×³Ý³å³ñÑ, Ù³Û- majestic [mə΄dзestik] a í»Ñ, íë»Ù, ÷³é³-
ñáõÕÇ. ~ responsibility ·É˳íáñ å³ï³ë- Ñ»Õ:
˳ݳïíáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ line »ñÏÃ. »ñϳÃáõ- majesty [΄mædзəsti] n í»ÑáõÃÛáõÝ, íë»Ùáõ-
Õ³ÛÇÝ Ù³·Çëïñ³É, Ù³ÛñáõÕÇ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ loop ÃÛáõÝ, ·»ñ³½³ÝóáõÃÛáõÝ. His M~ ÜáñÇÝ Ù»-
·É˳íáñ/ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý óÇÏÉ. ~ memory ûå»- ÍáõÃÛáõÝ/·»ñ³½³ÝóáõÃÛáõÝ. Your M~ Ò»ñ¹
ñ³ïÇí/ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ storage Ù»ÍáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ÑÇßáÕ ë³ñù: majolica [mə΄dзɒlikə] n çݳñ³Ï³Í ¨ Ýϳ-
mainland [΄meinlənd] n Ù³Ûñó³Ù³ù. ñ³½³ñ¹ Ë»óÇ (Ù³ÛáÉÇϳ):
(ÏÕ½ÇÝ»ñÇ ËÙμáõÙ) Ù»Í ÏÕ½Ç: major [΄meidзə] a Ù»Í, ·É˳íáñ, ÑÇÙݳ-
mainly [΄meinli] adv ÑÇÙݳϳÝáõÙ, ·É˳- ϳÝ, ³í³·. the ~ part ·É˳íáñ/ÑÇÙݳϳÝ
íáñ³å»ë. Ù»Í Ù³ë³Ùμ: Ù³ëÁ. the ~ problem ·É˳íáñ ѳñóÁ. ~ re-
mainmast [΄meinma:st] n Íáí. ÙÇç³Ï³ÛÙ: pairs ϳåÇï³É í»ñ³Ýáñá·áõÙ. ~ offender
mainsail [΄mein‚seil] n Íáí. ÙÇç³Ï³ÛÙ. Ù»Í Çñ³í. Éáõñç ѳÝó³·áñÍ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ failure
³é³·³ëï: ¿³Ï³Ý ³Ýë³ñùáõÃÛáõÝ:
mainspring [΄meinspriŋ] n (·áñÍáÕ) ½ëå³- major [΄meidзə] n é½Ù. Ù³Ûáñ. »ñÅßï. Ù³Åá-
ݳÏ. ÷Ëμ. ß³ñÅÇã áõÅ. ß³ñųéÇÃ: ñ³ÛÇÝ, Ù³Åáñ. the key of C ~ ¹á Ù³Åáñ ïá-
mainstay [΄meinstei] n ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ»Ý³- ݳÛÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ:
ñ³Ý, Ý»óáõÏ: major [΄meidзə] v Ù³ëݳ·Çï³Ý³É. He has
mainswear [΄meinsweə] v Çñ³í. ëáõï íϳ- ~ed in medieval history ܳ Ù³ëݳ·Çï³ó»É ¿
ÛáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É: ÙÇçÇÝ ¹³ñ»ñÇ å³ïÙáõÃÛ³Ý ·Íáí:
maintain [mein΄tein] v å³Ñ»É, å³Ñå³Ý»É. major-domo [‚meidзə΄dəuməu] n ͳé³Û³-
Ï»ñ³Ïñ»É. ~ contacts/relations å³Ñå³Ý»É å»ï, ³½Ýí³Ï³Ý ï³Ý ϳé³í³ñÇã:
ϳå»ñ/ѳñ³μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. ~ law and order major-general [‚meidзə΄dзenrəl] n ·»Ý»-
ϳñ· áõ ϳÝáÝ å³Ñå³Ý»É. ~ the status quo ñ³É Ù³Ûáñ:
å³Ñå³Ý»É Ý»ñϳ íÇ׳ÏÁ. The state ~s the majority [mə΄dзɒrəti] n ٻͳٳëÝáõÃÛáõÝ.
army ´³Ý³ÏÁ å»ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ ¿ å³ÑáõÙ. The ~ of votes ùí»Ý»ñÇ Ù»Í³Ù³ëÝáõÃÛáõÝ. a
roads are well-~ed ֳݳå³ñÑÝ»ñÁ ɳí small/overwhelming ~ ³ÝÝß³Ý/×ÝßáÕ Ù»Í³-
íÇ׳ÏáõÙ »Ý å³ÑíáõÙ. ~ one’s dignity ³ñ- Ù³ëÝáõÃÛáõÝ. in the ~ of cases Ù»Í Ù³ë³Ùμ.
ųݳå³ïíáõÃÛáõÝÁ å³Ñ»É. ~ that åݹ»É/ a narrow ~ ³ÝÝß³Ý/ãÝãÇÝ Ù»Í³Ù³ëÝáõÃÛáõÝ.
ѳëï³ï»É, áñ. ~ nuisance ³ÝѳñÙ³ñáõ- absolute ~ μ³ó³ñÓ³Ï Ù»Í³Ù³ëÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~
ÃÛáõÝ/íݳë å³ï׳é»É. He can no longer ~ leader ٻͳٳëÝáõÃÛ³Ý ³é³çÝáñ¹. ~ rule
his family ܳ ³Ûɨë ãÇ Ï³ñáÕ å³Ñ»É/Ï»- ÷áùñ³Ù³ëÝáõÃÛ³Ý »ÝóñÏáõÙÁ ٻͳٳë-
ñ³Ïñ»É Çñ ÁÝï³ÝÇùÁ: ÝáõÃÛ³ÝÁ. qualified ~ áñ³Ï³íáñ/áñ³ÏÛ³É
maintenance [΄meintənəns] n å³Ñå³ÝáõÙ, ٻͳٳëÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ status ã³÷³Ñ³ëáõ-
make 501 make

ÃÛáõÝ. reach one’s ~ ã³÷³Ñ³ë ¹³éݳÉ: ù³ÝÇëÝ ¿. (ëïÇå»É, ѳñϳ¹ñ»É) Nothing


make [meik] n Ù³ÏÝÇß. ï»ë³Ï (³åñ³ÝùÝ»- could ~ her speak áãÇÝã ã¿ñ ϳñáÕ ëïÇå»É
ñÇ), ³åñ³Ýù³ÝÇß. What ~ is your car? ƱÝã Ýñ³Ý Ëáë»É. It ~s me think ¸³ ëïÇåáõÙ ¿
Ù³ÏÝÇß áõÝÇ Ó»ñ Ù»ù»Ý³Ý. goods of US ~ ÇÝÓ Ùï³Í»É. (·Ý³É ¹»åÇ, áõÕÕí»É) ~ for the
³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñ. door/exit/South ·Ý³É/áõÕÕí»É ¹»åÇ ¹áõ-
machines of Germany ~ ·»ñÙ³Ý³Ï³Ý ³ñ- éÁ/»ÉùÁ/ѳñ³í. make + n ~ an order
ï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ëïáóÝ»ñ. be on the ~ ϳ- ϳñ·³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É. ~ law ûñ»ÝùÝ»ñ
ñÇ»ñÇëï ÉÇÝ»É: ÁݹáõÝ»É. ~ an oath »ñ¹áõÙ ï³É. ~ peace
make [meik] v ³Ý»É, ëï»ÕÍ»É. ßÇÝ»É. ~ fur- ѳßïáõÃÛáõÝ ÏÝù»É. ~ an answer/ start / visit
niture ϳÑáõÛù ë³ñù»É/ßÇÝ»É. ~ difficulties å³ï³ë˳ݻÉ/ëÏë»É/³Ûó»É»É. ~ a complaint
¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ëï»ÕÍ»É. ~ a name ³ÝáõÝ μáÕáù/ѳÛó Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É. make + a ~
ëï»ÕÍ»É. made for one another ÙÇÙÛ³Ýó ѳ- angry/glad/happy ½³Ûñ³óÝ»É, »ñç³ÝϳóÝ»É.
Ù³ñ ëï»ÕÍí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. make ambassador/a ge- He can ~ himself understand ܳ ϳñáÕ ¿
neral ¹»ëå³Ý ¹³ñÓÝ»É, ·»Ý»ñ³ÉÇ Ïáãáõ٠ѳëϳݳÉÇ ÉÇÝ»É. Çñ»Ý ѳëϳݳÉÇ ¹³ñÓ-
ï³É. ~ a remark/offer/attempt/report/mistake Ý»É. ~ away ³½³ïí»É. åñÍÝ»É. He made
¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ/³é³ç³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ/ ÷áñÓ/½»- away/ off ܳ ÷³Ë³í. He made away with
ÏáõóáõÙ/ëË³É ³Ý»É. This doesn’t ~ sense ¸ñ³ himself ܳ Çñ»Ý í»ñç ïí»ó. ~ for áõÕÕí»É,
Ù»ç ÇÙ³ëï ãϳ. (³ñï³¹ñ»É) ~ glass/cars ·Ý³É. ~ for the exit ¹»åÇ »Éù ·Ý³É. The dog
³å³ÏÇ/Ù»ù»Ý³Ý»ñ ³ñï³¹ñ»É. It is made made for the cat ÞáõÝÁ ѳñÓ³Ïí»ó ϳïíÇ
of ... ¸³ å³ïñ³ëïí³Í ¿… Made in Italy íñ³. make out ϳ½Ù»É, ѳëϳݳÉ, ·ÉáõË
ä³ïñ³ëïí³Í ¿ Æï³ÉdzÛáõÙ. ~an impres- ѳݻÉ. I can’t ~ out his words ¶ÉáõË ã»Ù ѳ-
sion ÷Ëμ. ïå³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ ·áñÍ»É. ÝáõÙ Ýñ³ μ³é»ñÇó. I can ~ out two figures
(å³ïñ³ëï»É) ~ breakfast/supper/ tea/ coffee γñáÕ »Ù »ñÏáõ Ï»ñå³ñ³Ýù ÝßÙ³ñ»É.
ݳ˳׳ß/ÁÝÃñÇù/ûÛ/ëáõñ× å³ïñ³ëï»É. make over ѳÝÓÝ»É, ï³É. He made over his
~ hay Ëáï ÑÝÓ»É. ~ the bed ³ÝÏáÕÇÝÁ house to his son ܳ Çñ ïáõÝÁ ïí»ó/ѳÝÓÝ»ó
ѳñ¹³ñ»É. ~ a fire Ïñ³Ï í³é»É. ~ arrange- ïÕ³ÛÇÝ. make up Ñݳñ»É, ÑáñÇÝ»É. ѳßï-
ments ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñå»É. (ѳí³ë³ñ ÉÇÝ»É, í»É. å³Ûٳݳíáñí»É. The whole story was
ϳ½Ù»É. ¹³éݳÉ) 2 and 3 ~ 5 »ñÏáõëÇÝ made up ²ÙμáÕç å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÑáñÇÝí³Í
·áõÙ³ñ³Í »ñ»ù ѳí³ë³ñ ¿ ÑÇÝ·Ç. ~ a ¿ñ. They have made up Üñ³Ýù ѳßïí»óÇÝ.
good doctor ɳí μÅÇßÏ ¹³éݳÉ. ~ notes ·ñÇ Let’s ~ it up ºÏ»ù Ùáé³Ý³Ýù ³Û¹. We made
³éÝ»É. ~ a report ½»Ïáõóáõ٠ϳ½- up to meet Ø»Ýù å³Ûٳݳíáñí»óÇÝù
Ù»É/ϳñ¹³É. ~ a statement ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõ- ѳݹÇå»É. She never ~s up ܳ »ñμ»ù ßå³ñ
ÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É. ~ a list óáõó³Ï ϳ½Ù»É. (å³ï- (ÏáëÙ»ïÇϳ) ãÇ û·ï³·áñÍáõÙ/¹Çٳѳñ-
׳é»É) ~ a fuss/noise ³ÕÙáõÏ μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É. ~ ¹³ñáõÙ. (ϳ½Ù»É) ~ up the majority ٻͳ-
a scene ï»ë³ñ³Ý ë³ñù»É. ~ believe Ù³ëÝáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³½Ù»É. ~ up a sentence ݳ˳-
ѳí³ï³óÝ»É. ~ a great hit Ù»Í Ñ³çá- ¹³ëáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³½Ù»É. (÷áËѳïáõó»É, å³-
ÕáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ. (ϳï³ñ»É) ~ a journey ϳëÁ Éñ³óÝ»É) ~ up for the lost time Ïáñóñ³Í
áõÕ¨áñáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³ï³ñ»É. ~ a landing/cross- ųٳݳÏÁ »ï ß³Ñ»É ~ up one’s mind
ing í³Ûñ¿çù ϳï³ñ»É. ÙÛáõë ³÷Á ·Ý³É. We Ùï³¹ñí»É, áñáß»É. ~ the acquaintance of smb
made it in time for lunch ijٳݳÏÇÝ ×³ßÇÝ Í³ÝáÃ³Ý³É Ù»ÏÇ Ñ»ï. ~ the best of smth
ѳë³Ýù. (Ó»éù μ»ñ»É, í³ëï³Ï»É) ~ money áñ¨¿ μ³Ý É³í³·áõÛÝ Ó¨áí û·ï³·áñÍ»É. ~
÷áÕ í³ëï³Ï»É, ѳñëï³Ý³É. ~ one’s living enemies ÃßݳÙÇÝ»ñ í³ëï³Ï»É. ~ a face
by writing ³åñáõëïÁ ·ñ»Éáí ѳÛóÛûÉ. ¹»ÙùÁ ͳٳÍé»É. ~ a fool of smb Ù»ÏÇÝ
How much do you ~ a month? àñù³±Ý »ù ÑÇÙ³ñ íÇ׳ÏÇ Ù»ç ¹Ý»É. ~ friends
í³ëï³ÏáõÙ ³Ùë³Ï³Ý. ~ a lot of friends ÁÝÏ»ñ³Ý³É. ~ fun of smb ÍÇÍ³Õ»É Ù»ÏÇ
ß³ï ÁÝÏ»ñÝ»ñ Ó»éù μ»ñ»É. (»Ýó¹ñ»É. íñ³. ~ sure ѳÙá½í»É. ~ use of smth û·-
ϳñÍ»É) What do you ~ the answer? Ò»ñ ï³·áñÍ»É. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ choice ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝ
ϳñÍÇùáí DZÝãÝ ¿ å³ï³ë˳ÝÁ. What do ϳï³ñ»É. ~ correction áõÕÕ»É, áõÕÕáõ٠ϳ-
you ~ the time? ƱÝã »ù ϳñÍáõÙª ųÙÇ ï³ñ»É. ~ directory ëï»ÕÍ»É Ï³ï³Éá·. ~ ex-
make-believe 502 man

periment ÷áñÓ Ï³ï³ñ»É/³Ý»É: malice [΄mælis] n ã³ñáõÃáõÝ, áË, ã³ñ³Ï³-


make-believe [΄meikbi‚li:v] n »ñ¨³Ï³Ûáõ- ÙáõÃÛáõÝ. bear ~ áË ï³Í»É. ËëÏó. Ù»ÏÇ ¹»Ù
ÃÛáõÝ, å³ïñ³Ýù. Ï»ÕÍÇù, Ó¨³óáõÙ: ³ï³Ù áõݻݳÉ. Çñ³í. ã³ñ³ÙïáõÃÛáõÝ,
maker [΄meikə] n Ï»ñïáÕ, ëï»ÕÍáÕ, ³ñ³- ã³ñ ¹Çï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. with ~ aforethought
ñÇã: ùñ»³Ï³Ý (ѳÝó³íáñ) Ùï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ:
makeshift [΄meik∫ift] n ųٳݳϳíáñ malicious [mə΄li∫əs] a ã³ñ, ã³ñ³ëÇñï.
÷á˳ñÇÝáÕ μ³Ý/ÙÇçáó: á˳ϳÉ. ã³ñ³ÙÇï. ϳÝ˳Ùï³Íí³Í, ¹Ç-
make-up [΄meikΛp] n ßå³ñ, ¹Çٳѳñ¹³- ï³íáñÛ³É. ~ libel ½ñå³ñïáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ ru-
ñáõÙ. ϳ½ÙáõÃÛáõÝ, ϳéáõóí³Íù. μݳíá- mours ã³ñ/ã³ñ³ÙÇï Éáõñ»ñ:
ñáõÃÛáõÝ. Ñݳñí³Í/ÑݳñáíÇ μ³Ý. people of malign [mə΄lain]1. a íݳë³Ï³ñ, ã³ñáñ³Ï.
nervous ~ ÝÛ³ñ¹³ÛÇÝ Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ. It is a ~ ê³ ã³ñ, ã³ñ³Ý»Ý·. a ~ influence íݳë³Ï³ñ
Ñݳñí³Í μ³Ý ¿: ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ. 2. v ã³ñ³Ëáë»É, ½ñå³ñ-
makeweight [΄meikweit] n ù³ßÉÇó, Ïßé³- ï»É:
ÉÇó: malignant [mə΄lignənt] a ã³ñ, ã³ñ³ÙÇï,
making [΄meikiŋ] n å³ïñ³ëïáõÙ, ëï»Õ- íݳë³Ï³ñ, Ïáñͳݳñ³ñ. μÅßÏ. ã³ñáñ³Ï,
ÍáõÙ, ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. the ~ of cars/glass í³ïáñ³Ï:
Ù»ù»Ý³Ý»ñÇ/³å³Ïáõ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. in malignity [mə΄lignəti] n ã³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, íݳ-
the ~ ëï»ÕÍÙ³Ý åñó»ëáõÙ. It was the ~ of ë³Ï³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ã³ñáñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
him ¸³ Ýñ³Ý Ù³ñ¹ ¹³ñÓñ»ó. The boy has malinger [mə΄liŋgə] v Ï»ÕÍ Ó¨³óÝ»É. ëÇÙáõ-
the ~s of a pianist îÕ³Ý áõÝÇ ¹³ßݳϳѳñÇ ÉÛ³ÝïáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É. He ‘s just ~ing ä³ñ½³-
ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ: å»ë ÑÇí³Ý¹ ¿ Ó¨³ÝáõÙ:
malady [΄mælədi] n ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ëï, malingerer [mə΄liŋgərə] n Ï»ÕÍ Ó¨³óÝáÕ.
ïϳñáõÃÛáõÝ: ëÇÙáõÉÛ³Ýï:
malcontent [΄mælkən‚tent] n, a ¹Å·áÑ, ³Ý- mall [mɔ:l] n ½μáë³í³Ûñ:
μ³í³Ï³Ý. ¹Å·áÑ ³ÝÓ. ÷Ëμ. Áݹ¹ÇÙáõ- mallard [΄mæla:d] n ³ñáõ/í³ÛñÇ μ³¹:
ÃÛáõÝ: malleable [΄mæliəbl] a ¹Ûáõñ³Ïáõé, Ïé»ÉÇ.
male [meil] 1. n ïÕ³Ù³ñ¹, ³Ûñ. ³ñáõ, áñÓ. ÷Ëμ. ½ÇçáÕ, ï»ÕÇ ïíáÕ:
2. a ³ñáõ, ³ñ³Ï³Ý ë»éÇ. the ~ sex ³ñ³Ï³Ý mallet [΄mælit] n óÏ:
ë»é. ~ cat/dog ³ñáõ/áñÓ Ï³ïáõ/ßáõÝ. ~ screw mallow [΄mæləu] n μëμ. ÷Ç÷»ñÃ:
ï»Ë. åïáõï³Ï: malnutrition [‚mælnju΄tri∫n] n í³ï
malediction [‚mæli΄dik∫ən] n ³Ý»Íù, ëÝáõݹ, ûñ³ëÝáõÙ:
ݽáíù: malpractice [‚mæl΄præktis] n ѳϳûñÇݳ-
malefactor [΄mælifæktə] n ã³ñ³·áñÍ, Ï³Ý ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. ³ÝûñÇݳϳÝáõ-
á×ñ³·áñÍ: ÃÛáõÝ. Çñ³í. ѳÝó³íáñ ³Ý÷áõÃáõÃÛáõÝ:
maleficent [mə΄lefisənt] a Ïáñëï³μ»ñ, police ~ áëïÇϳÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ï³ûñÇݳϳÝ
Ïáñͳݳñ³ñ. íݳë³μ»ñ: ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ:
malevolence [mə΄levələns] n ÃßݳÙáõÃÛáõÝ, malt [mɔ:lt] 1. n ³ÍÇÏ. 2. v ³ÍÇϳóÝ»É,
ã³ñ³Ï³ÙáõÃÛáõÝ: ³ÍÇϳݳÉ. ³ÍÇÏ ¹³ñÓÝ»É/¹³éݳÉ:
malevolent [mə΄levələnt] a ã³ñ³ÙÇï, ã³- maltreat [‚mæl΄tri:t] v í³ï/ÏáåÇï í»ñ³-
ñ³Ï³Ù: μ»ñí»É:
malfeasance [mæl΄fi:zns] n Çñ³í. å³ßïá- maltreatment [‚mæl΄tri:tmənt] n í³ï/Ïá-
Ý»³Ï³Ý ѳÝó³Ýù/ѳÝó³·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ. Ç- åÇï í»ñ³μ»ñÙáõÝù:
ñ³í³Ë³ËïáõÙ: mam(m)a [mə΄ma:] n ËëÏó. Ù³ÛñÇÏ, ٳٳ:
malformation [‚mælfɔ:΄mei∫n] n ³Ûɳݹ³- mammal [΄mæml] n ϳÃݳëáõÝ Ï»Ý¹³ÝÇ:
ÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ³ÝϳÝáÝáõÃÛáõÝ, mammoth [΄mæməθ] n, a ϻݹ. Ù³ÙáÝï.
ѳßÙáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ of the spine áÕݳ߳ñÇ Ñëϳ, íÇÃ˳ñÇ:
ÍéáõÙ: mammy [΄mæmi] n ٳٳ, Ù³ÛñÇÏ. ³Ù.
malfunction [‚mæl΄fΛŋk∫n] n ÑÙÏñ·. ë³ñù³- Ý»·ñ ¹³Û³Ï. ³Ù. Í»ñ Ý»·ñáõÑÇ:
íáñÙ³Ý íóñ, ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ ÁݹѳïáõÙ: man [mæn] n Ù³ñ¹. any ~ ³Ù»Ý Ù³ñ¹/Ù»ÏÁ.
man 503 manhunt

no ~ áã áù. all to a ~ μáÉáñÝ ³ÝËïÇñ. ~ day Ó³ÛÝíáÕ:


Ù³ñ¹-ûñ. ~ hour Ù³ñ¹-ųÙ. well–known/ management [΄mænidзmənt] n ջϳí³-
lucky/middle-aged ~ ѳÝñ³Ñ³Ûï/ѳçáÕ³Ï/ ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ϳé³í³ñáõÙ. ~ and labour í³ñ-
ÙÇçÇÝ ï³ñÇùÇ Ù³ñ¹. the achievments/rights ã³Ï³½Ù ¨ ³ß˳ïáÕÝ»ñ. the ~ í³ñãáõ-
of ~ Ù³ñ¹áõ ѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ/Çñ³íáõÝù- ÃÛáõÝ. public ~ å»ï³Ï³Ý ϳé³í³ñáõÙ.
Ý»ñÁ. the ~ in the street ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý Ù³ñ¹. senior ~ ϳé³í³ñÙ³Ý í»ñÇÝ ûÕ³ÏÝ»ñ. the
(ѳë³ñ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý ³Ý¹³Ù) party ~ Ïáõë³Ï- ~ of affairs ·áñÍ»ñÇ Ï³é³í³ñáõÙ:
óáõÃÛ³Ý ³Ý¹³Ù. public ~ ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý manager [΄mænidзə] n ϳé³í³ñÇã, í³ñÇã,
·áñÍÇã. ~ of letters ·ñ³Ï³Ý³·»ï. ~ of sci- ջϳí³ñ, ïÝûñ»Ý. the ~ of a shop/canteen
ence ·ÇïݳϳÝ. ~ of business ·áñͳñ³ñ ˳ÝáõÃÇ/׳߳ñ³ÝÇ í³ñÇã. She is a good ~
Ù³ñ¹. ~ of property ë»÷³Ï³Ý³ï»ñ Ù³ñ¹. ܳ ɳí ïÝï»ëáõÑÇ ¿. top ~ ·É˳íáñ ϳ-
(ѳïϳÝÇß ÏñáÕ) ~ of genius ѳÝ׳ñ. ~ of é³í³ñÇã. the ~ of a football team ýáõïμáÉÇ
principle ëϽμáõÝùÇ ï»ñ Ù³ñ¹. ~ of note ÃÇÙÇ ³í³·. acting ~ ϳé³í³ñÇãÇ å³ßïá-
ѳÛïÝÇ Ù³ñ¹. ~ of sense áÕç³ÙÇï Ù³ñ¹. ݳϳï³ñ. assistant ~ ϳé³í³ãÇ ï»Õ³Ï³É
deep ~ Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏ Ù³ñ¹. self-made ~ ÇÝù- (ݳ¨ deputy ~):
ÝáõñáõÛÝáñ»Ý Ù³ñ¹ ¹³ñÓ³Í. ~ of iron managerial [‚mænə΄dзiəriəl] a í³ñã³Ï³Ý.
»ñϳû ϳÙù áõÝ»óáÕ Ù³ñ¹. family ~ ~ authority í³ñã³Ï³Ý Ù³ñÙÇÝ. ~ staff í³ñ-
ÁÝï³ÝÇùÇ Ù³ñ¹. (ïÕ³Ù³ñ¹. ³ÙáõëÇÝ) ~ ã³Ï³Ý ³ÝÓݳϳ½Ù:
and wife ³ÙáõëÇÝÝ»ñ. lady’s ~ ϳݳÝó managing [΄mænidзiŋ] a ջϳí³ñáÕ, ϳ-
»ñÏñå³·áõ/ ѳ×á۳ϳï³ñ. best ~ ÷»ë»Õ- é³í³ñáÕ, í³ñáÕ. ~ director ·áñͳ¹Çñ
μ³Ûñ. as ~ to ~ áñå»ë ïÕ³Ù³ñ¹Á ïÕ³- ïÝûñ»Ý. ÷áËïÝûñ»Ý:
Ù³ñ¹áõ. single ~ ã³Ùáõëݳó³Í Ù³ñ¹, mandate [΄mændeit] n ѳÝÓݳ·Çñ, Édz-
³ÙáõñÇ. ~ of action ·áñÍÇ Ù³ñ¹. plain-clothes ½áñ³·Çñ. a territory under ~ »Ã³Ù³Ý¹³ï³-
~ Ëáõ½³ñÏáõ, ÍåïÛ³É áëïÇϳÝ. old-clothes ÛÇÝ ï³ñ³Íù:
~ Ñݳí³×³é. the outer ~ ³ñï³ùÇÝ ï»ëù, mandatory [΄mændətəri] n, a ѳí³ï³ñ-
ѳ·áõëï. the inner ~ Ñá·Ç, Ý»ñùÇÝÁ: Ù³ï³ñ. ѳñϳ¹ñ³Ï³Ý, å³ñï³¹Çñ.
man [mæn] v ³ÝÓݳϳ½ÙÁ ѳٳÉñ»É. ~ a ٳݹ³ï³íáñ, ٳݹ³ïáí ϳé³í³ñíáÕ.
vessel ³ÝÓݳϳ½Ù ѳí³ù»É. ~ the lifts ~ control å³ñï³¹Çñ ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ provi-
í»ñ»É³ÏÝ»ñÁ ëå³ë³ñÏ»É: sion å³ñï³¹Çñ ϳÝáÝ/ÝáñÙ:
manacle [΄mænəkl] 1. n Ó»éݳßÕóݻñ. mane [mein] n μ³ß:
÷Ëμ. ϳå³ÝùÝ»ñ, ßÕóݻñ. 2. v ßÕó۳- manful [΄mænfl] a ù³ç³ëÇñï, ³ñÇ, í×é³-
ϳå»É, ϳßϳݹ»É. ËáãÁݹáï ѳݹÇë³- ϳÝ.
ݳÉ: mange [meindз] n ùáë:
manage [΄mænidз] v ϳé³í³ñ»É, ջϳí³- manger [΄meindзə] n Ùëáõñ. Ï»ñ³ï³ßï:
ñ»É. ~ an institution/factory Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝ/ mangle [΄mæŋgl] v Ïïñ³ï»É, Ïïáñ-Ïïáñ
ý³μñÇϳ ջϳí³ñ»É. ~ an office/a restau- ³Ý»É. ˻ջÉ, ³Ûɳݹ³Ï»É, ѳßÙ»É:
rant ÑÇÙݳñÏ Ï³é³í³ñ»É. é»ëïáñ³Ý Õ»- mangy [΄meindзi] a ùáëáï, Ï»Õïáï,
ϳí³ñ»É. (í³ñ»É) ~ a household ïݳÛÇÝ ·½·½í³Í. What a ~ dinner ËëÏó. Æ°Ýã ½½í»-
ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ í³ñ»É. Her brother ~s her af- ÉÇ ×³ß ¿:
fairs ºÕμ³ÛñÁ í³ñáõÙ ¿ Ýñ³ ·áñÍ»ñÁ. man-handle [΄mænhændl] v μ»éÝ»É, μ³ñ-
(·ÉáõË μ»ñ»É, ϳñ·³íáñ»É) He can’t ~ the Ó»É (Ó»éùáí). The box was ~d on the lorry
boat ܳ ãÇ Ï³ñáÕ³Ýáõ٠ϳñ·³íáñ»É ²ñÏÕÁ Ó»éùáí μ³ñÓ»óÇÝ μ»éݳï³ñÇ
ݳíÁ. Can you ~ the work? γñá±Õ »ë ·áñÍÁ íñ³. ËëÏó. Ññ»Éáí ¹áõñë ùß»É, ÏáåÇï í»-
·ÉáõË μ»ñ»É. (Ûáɳ ·Ý³É) One can’t ~ without ñ³μ»ñí»É The police ~d the crowd àëïÇ-
money ²é³Ýó ÷áÕÇ Ûáɳ ã»ë ·Ý³. How are ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ïáåïáñ»Ý óñ»ó ³ÙμáËÁ:
you managing? ÆÝãå»±ë »Ý ·áñÍ»ñÁ. (ѳ- man-hole [΄mænhəul] n ¹Çï³Ñáñ (ÉÛáõÏ)£
çáÕ»óÝ»É) I ~d to catch the bus гçáÕ»óñÇ manhood [΄mænhud] n ѳëáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ,
³íïáμáõë Ýëï»É: ³éÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
manageable [΄mænidзəbl] a ϳé³í³ñ»ÉÇ, manhunt [΄mænhΛnt] n Ñ»ï³Ëáõ½áõÃÛáõÝ.
ջϳí³ñ»ÉÇ. ÉëáÕ, Ñݳ½³Ý¹, Ñ»ßï ѳٳ- a ~ for the murderer Ù³ñ¹³ëå³ÝÇ Ñ»ï³-
mania 504 manual

Ëáõ½áõÃÛáõÝ: manna [΄mænə] n »ñÏݳÛÇÝ Ù³Ý³Ý³:


mania [΄meiniə] n Ùáɳ·³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ÙáÉáõ- manner [΄mænə] n »Õ³Ý³Ï, Ó¨. ~ of life
ÃÛáõÝ, ÙáÉáõóù. homicidal/persecution ~ Ù³ñ- ³åñ»É³Ï»ñå. in this/the same ~ ³ÛëåÇëáí,
¹³ëå³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý/Ñ»ï³åÝ¹Ù³Ý Chess is a ~ ³Ûë Ó¨áí. by no ~ of this áã ÙÇ ¹»åùáõÙ, áã
with him ܳ ß³ËÙ³ïÇ ÙáÉáõóù áõÝÇ: ÙÇ Ó¨áí. in a ~ áñáß ã³÷áí. in a promiscuous
maniac [΄meiniæk] n Ùáɳ·³ñ, ÙáÉáõóùáí ~ å³ï³Ñ³Ï³Ý Ó¨áí. in a ~ of speaking ϳ-
μéÝí³Í: ñ»ÉÇ ¿ ³ë»É, ³Ûëå»ë ³ë³Í. (ï»ë³Ï) all ~
manicure [΄mænikjuə] n Ó»éùÇ Ñ³ñ¹³ñáõÙ, of men ³Ù»Ý³ï³ñμ»ñ Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ. all ~ of tools
Ù³ÝÇÏÛáõñ: ³Ù»Ý ï»ë³Ï ·áñÍÇùÝ»ñ. what ~ of man DZÝã
manifest [΄mænifest] a ѳÛïÝÇ, ³ÏÝ»ñ¨, ïÇåÇ Ù³ñ¹. (í³ñí»É³Ï»ñå ß³ñÅáõÓ¨) ~s
μ³ó³Ñ³Ûï. ~ injustice μ³ó³Ñ³Ûï ³Ý³ñ- natural/pleasant/shocking ~s μݳϳÝ/ ѳ-
¹³ñáõÃÛáõÝ: ×»ÉÇ/³Ñ³íáñ ß³ñÅáõÓ¨ have no/good ~s
manifest [΄mænifest] v ¹ñë¨áñ»É, óáõÛó ï³É, í³ï /ɳí ß³ñÅáõÓ¨/í³ñí»É³Ï»ñå áõÝ»-
ѳݹ»ë μ»ñ»É. ~ interest Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝ Ý³É. Mind your ~s ø»½ ϳñ·ÇÝ å³ÑÇñ. a co-
óáõÛó ï³É. Symptoms ~ed themselves Üß³Ý- medy of ~s μ³ñù»ñÇ ÏáÙ»¹Ç³/ϳï³-
Ý»ñÁ Çñ»Ýó ¹ñë¨áñ»óÇÝ: Ï»ñ·áõÃÛáõÝ:
manifestation [‚mænife΄stei∫n] n ¹ñë¨á- mannerism [΄mæn(ə)riz(ə)m] n ³Ýμݳϳ-
ñáõÙ, óáõó³μ»ñáõÙ. óáõÛó. óáõÛóÇ »ñÃ. mass ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ßÇÝÍáõáõÃÛáõÝ. I don’t like his ~ ÆÝÓ
~ ½³Ý·í³Í³ÛÇÝ óáõÛó: ¹áõñ ãÇ ·³ÉÇë Ýñ³ ³ñÑ»ëï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ.
manifesto [‚mæni΄festəu] n Ù³ÝÇý»ëï: ~s of style ·ñ»É³Ó¨Á. á×Á:
manifold [΄mænifəuld] a, v μ³½Ù³ÃÇí, mannerliness [΄mænəlinəs] n ù³Õ³ù³í³-
μ³½Ù³ù³Ý³Ï. ½³Ý³½³Ý, μ³½Ù³½³Ý. ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
μ³½Ù³óÝ»É (÷³ëï³ÃÕûñ): mannerly [΄mænəli] a ù³Õ³ù³í³ñÇ, ÏÇñÃ:
manikin [΄mænikin] n ٳݻϻÝ, ·³×³× mannish [΄mæni∫] a ³éݳóÇ, ïÕ³Ù³ñ¹áõÝ
Ù³ñ¹áõÏ: ѳïáõÏ. ïÕ³Ù³ñ¹³ÝÙ³Ý, ³éݳÝÙ³Ý:
manipulate [mə΄nipjuleit] v ÑÙáõï/í³ñå»- manoeuvre [mə΄nu:və] n é½Ù. ½áñ³-
ïáñ»Ý í³ñí»É/μ³Ý»óÝ»É. Ï»ÕÍ»É, ݻݷ³- í³ñÅáõÃÛáõÝ, ٳݨñ. ~ for position ߳ѳ-
÷áË»É. ~ the market Ù»ù»Ý³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ í»ï ¹Çñù ·ñ³í»É. ~ the car into the garage
³Ý»É ßáõϳÛáõÙ. ~ facts ÷³ëï»ñÁ ݻݷ³- Ù»ù»Ý³Ý ·³ñ³Å ÙïóÝ»É (¹Åí³ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ).
÷áË»É/³Õ³í³Õ»É. ~ gears ³ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝÝ»- ~ smb into a good job Ù»ÏÇÝ É³í ³ß˳-
ñÁ ÷áË»É: ï³ÝùÇ ï»Õ³íáñ»É:
manipulation [mə‚nipju΄lei∫n] n Ó»éùÇ Ñ³- man-of-war [‚mænəv΄vɔ:] n 鳽ٳݳí:
ïáõÏ ß³ñÅáõÙÝ»ñ. Ù»ù»Ý³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ, Ï»Õ- manor [΄mænə] n ϳÉí³Íù:
ÍáõÙ, ³Õ³í³ÕáõÙ. ÑÙÏñ·. Ùß³ÏáõÙ, ·áñÍá- man-power [΄mænpauə] n ³ß˳ïáõÅ.
ÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: Ù³ñ¹Ï³ÛÇÝ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñ. ³ÝÓݳϳ½Ù. lack
manipulator [mə΄nipjuleitə] n ï»Ë. Ñ»é³- of skilled ~ áñ³ÏÛ³É Ï³¹ñ»ñÇ å³Ï³ë:
·ñ³·áñÍÇùÇ Ù³ë, Ù³ÝÇåáõÉÛ³ïáñ: manservant [΄mæn‚sə:vənt] n ͳé³:
mankind [mæn΄kaind] n Ù³ñ¹ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. mansion [΄mæn∫n] n Ù»Í ³é³ÝÓݳïáõÝ:
Ù³ñ¹Ï³ÛÇÝ ó»Õ. ïÕ³Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ: manslaughter [΄mæn‚slɔ:tə] n Ù³ñ¹³-
manlike [΄mænlaik] a ïÕ³Ù³ñ¹³ÝÙ³Ý, ³Û- ëå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
ñ³ÝÙ³Ý. ³éݳϳÝ, ïÕ³Ù³ñ¹áõÝ Ñ³- mantelpiece [΄mæntlpi:s], mantelshelf
ïáõÏ: [΄mæntl∫elf] n μáõ˳ñáõ íñ³ÛÇ ¹³ñ³Ï/»ñ»-
manliness [΄mænlinəs] n ³ñÇáõÃÛáõÝ, ù³- ë³å³ïí³Í Ù³ëÁ. The clock is on the ~
çáõÃÛáõÝ, ³éݳϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ: ijٳóáõÛóÁ μáõ˳ñáõ íñ³ ¿:
manly [΄mænli] a ³ñÇ, ù³ç, ³éݳϳÝ: mantle [΄mæntl] n ÃÇÏÝáó, ͳÍÏáó. ï»Ë.
man-made [‚mæn΄meid] a Ó»é³Ï»ñï, ³ñ- ͳÍÏáó, å³ïÛ³Ý:
Ñ»ëï³Ï³Ý. ~ materials ³ñÑ»ëï³Ï³Ý ÝÛáõ- manual [΄mænjuəl] n Ó»éݳñÏ, ï»Õ»Ï³-
ûñ. ~ disaster ³ñÑ»ëï³Ï³Ý/ï»ËݳÍÇÝ ·Çñù. a shorthand ~ ëÕ³·ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ó»éݳñÏ.
³Õ»ï: self-instruction ~ ÇÝùÝáõëáõÛó:
manually 505 marchpane

manual [΄mænjuəl] a Ó»éùÇ. ~ controls Ó»éùÇ ù³ñ﻽. ~ of city ù³Õ³ùÇ åɳÝ/ ݳ˳-
ջϳí³ñáõÙ. ~ labour ýǽÇÏ³Ï³Ý ³ß˳- ·ÇÍ. make /read a ~ ù³ñ﻽ ϳ½Ù»É/ϳñ-
ï³Ýù. ~ worker 먳·áñÍ μ³Ýíáñ, ýǽÇϳ- ¹³É. underground ~ Ù»ïñáÛÇ ë˻ٳÝ:
Ï³Ý ³ß˳ï³Ýù ϳï³ñáÕ Ù³ñ¹: map [mæp] v ù³ñ﻽ ·Í»É/ϳ½Ù»É. ~ a ter-
manually [΄mænjuəli] adv Ó»éùáí. These ritory ï³ñ³ÍùÇ ù³ñ﻽Á ϳ½Ù»É. ~ out
goods have been produced ~ ²Ûë ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÁ åɳݳíáñ»É, μ³ßË»É. ~ out a programme/
Ó»éùáí »Ý å³ïñ³ëïí³Í: one’s time/route Íñ³·Çñ/»ñÃáõÕÇ Ï³½Ù»É.
manufacture [‚mænju΄fækt∫ə] n ³ñï³¹- ųٳݳÏÁ åɳݳíáñ»É:
ñáõÃÛáõÝ, å³ïñ³ëïáõÙ, Ùß³ÏáõÙ. ÷Ëμ. mapping [΄mæpiŋ] n ÑÙÏñ·. ³ñï³å³ïÏ»-
³ñÑÙ. ÑáñÇÝáõÙ, Ï»ÕÍÇù. the ~ of steel åáÕ- ñáõÙ, ѳٳå³ï³ë˳ݻóáõÙ. ~ domain
å³ïÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. goods of foreign~ ³ñï³å³ïÏ»ñÙ³Ý ³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñÇ ïÇñáõÛÃ:
³ñï³ë³ÑÙ³ÝÛ³Ý ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³å- maple [΄meipl] n μëμ. ÃËÏÇ. ~ leaf ÃËÏ»Ýáõ
ñ³ÝùÝ»ñ: ï»ñ¨ (ݳ¨ γݳ¹³ÛÇ ËáñÑñ¹³Ýß³ÝÁ):
manufacture [‚mænju΄fækt∫ə] v ³ñï³¹- mar [ma:] v ÷ã³óÝ»É, íݳë»É. make or ~ ѳ-
ñ»É. The factory ~s cars ¶áñͳñ³ÝÁ Ù»ù»Ý³- çáÕáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³Ù ÏáñͳÝáõÙ:
Ý»ñ ¿ ³ñï³¹ñáõÙ: maraud [mə΄rɔ:d] v ÏáÕáåï»É, ³ëå³ï³-
manufacturer [‚mænju΄fækt∫ərə] n Ó»é- Ï»É:
ݳñϳï»ñ, ·áñͳñ³ñ, ³ñ¹Ûáõݳμ»ñáÕ. marauder [mə΄rɔ:də] n ÏáÕáåïÇã, ³í³-
~‘s brand ³ñï³¹ñáÕÇ ³åñ³Ýù³ÝÇß: ñ³éáõ, ³í³½³Ï:
manufacturing [‚mænju΄fækt∫əriŋ] a ³ñ- marble [΄ma:bl] n Ù³ñÙ³ñ. ~- worker Ù³ñ-
¹Ûáõݳμ»ñ³Ï³Ý, ³ñï³¹ñ³Ï³Ý ~ costs Ù³ñ³·áñÍ. ~s Ù³ñÙ³ñ» Çñ»ñ. Ù³ÝϳϳÝ
³ñï³¹ñ³Ï³Ý ͳËë»ñ/³ñÅ»ùÁ. ~ town ·Ý¹³Ï³Ë³Õ. a game of ~s ÙÇ ·»Û٠ûÝÇë.
³¹Ûáõݳμ»ñ³Ï³Ý ù³Õ³ù. ~ knowhow ³ñ- play ~s ·Ý¹³Ï³Ë³Õ ˳ճÉ:
ï³¹ñ³Ï³Ý ·³ÕïÝÇùÝ»ñÇ ÇÙ³óáõÃÛáõÝ: marble [΄ma:bl] a Ù³ñÙ³ñÛ³, Ù³ñÙ³ñ».
manure [mə΄njuə] n, v ·áÙ³Õμ, å³ñ³ñï³- ÷Ëμ. ë³éÁ, ³Ýï³ñμ»ñ:
ÝÛáõÃ. ÑáÕÁ å³ñ³ñï³óÝ»É/³Õμ»É: March I [ma:t∫] n, a Ù³ñï. Ù³ñïÇ, Ù³ñï-
manuscript [΄mænjuskript] 1. n ӻ鳷Çñ, Û³Ý. in ~ Ù³ñïÇÝ:
μݳ·Çñ. save/destroy/accept/refuse a ~ ÷ñÏ»É/ march II [ma:t∫] n »ñÃ, ݳ¨ é½Ù. ³ñß³í,
áãÝã³óÝ»É/ÁݹáõÝ»É/Ù»ñÅ»É Ó»é³·ÇñÁ. orig- ³ÝóáõÙ. forced ~ »ñϳñ³ï¨/³ñ³·ÁÝóó
inal ~ Ñ»ÕÇݳÏÇ Ó»é³·Çñ ûñÇݳÏ. gen- »ñÃ. a ~ past ѳݹÇë³íáñ »ñÃ. The river is a
uine/ancient ~ ÇëϳϳÝ/ÑÇÝ Ó»é³·Çñ. in ~ day’s ~ ¶»ïÁ Ù»Ï ûñáõ٠ϳñ»ÉÇ ¿ ³ÝóÝ»É.
ӻ鳷Çñ. 2. a ӻ鳷ñ³Ï³Ý, ӻ鳷Çñ: »ñÅß. ù³ÛÉ»ñ·. funeral/dead ~ óÕÙ³Ý/Ù³Ñ-
many [΄meni] n, a ß³ï»ñÁ, ß³ï. ~ of us Ù»½- í³Ý ù³ÛÉ»ñ·. (ÁÝóóù, ½³ñ·³óáõÙ) ~ of
ÝÇó ß³ï»ñÁ. in ~ cases ß³ï ¹»åù»ñáõÙ. in science ·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý ½³ñ·³óáõÙ. ~ of events
~ ways ß³ï Ó¨»ñáí/ÙÇçáóÝ»ñáí. ~ times ÷Ëμ. Çñ³¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÁÝóóù. steal a
ß³ï ³Ý·³ÙÝ»ñ. for ~ a long day ß³ï ûñ»ñ. ~ on smb Ù»ÏÇó ³é³ç ÁÝÏÝ»É:
a good ~ μ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. a march [ma:t∫] v ÁÝóݳÉ, ѳٳù³ÛÉ ·Ý³É.
great ~ ÑëÏ³Û³Ï³Ý ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. as ~ as ~ ahead ³é³ç ÁÝóݳÉ. ~ off ·Ý³É, Ñ»é³-
³ÛÝù³Ý…áñù³Ý. not so ~ as áã ³ÛÝ- ݳÉ. ï³Ý»É, Ñ»é³óÝ»É. ~ on ³é³ç ß³ñÅ-
ù³Ý…áñù³Ý. how ~ ? áñù³±Ý, ù³ÝDZ ѳï. í»É. ~ out ¹áõñë ·³É/μ»ñ»É/ï³Ý»É. The army
as ~ as that? ³Û¹ù³±Ý ß³ï. half as ~ »ñÏáõ ~ed on the town ´³Ý³ÏÁ ß³ñÅí»ó ¹»åÇ
³Ý·³Ù å³Ï³ë: ù³Õ³ù. Forward/Quick ~ ! ø³ÛÉáí Ù³°ñß:
many-coloured [΄menikΛləd] a μ³½Ù³- marching orders [΄ma:t∫iŋ ΄ɔ:dəz] n ѳñ-
·áõÛÝ: Ó³ÏÙ³Ý Ññ³Ù³Ý. ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇó Ñ»é³ó-
many-sided [‚meni΄saidid] a μ³½Ù³ÏáÕ- Ý»ÉÁ. He’s got his ~ Üñ³Ý Ñ»é³óñ»É »Ý:
Ù³ÝÇ: marching song [΄ma:t∫iŋ sɒŋ] n ³ñß³íÇ
map [mæp] n ù³ñ﻽, ݳ˳·ÇÍ, åɳÝ. po- »ñ·:
litical/geographical/economical ~ ù³Õ³ù³- marchioness [‚ma:∫ə΄nes] n Ù³ñÏǽáõÑÇ:
ϳÝ/ ³ß˳ñѳ·ñ³Ï³Ý/ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý marchpane [΄ma:t∫pein] n Ý߳߳ù³ñ³-
mare 506 market

½³Ý·í³Í, Ù³ñóÇå³Ý: ÃÇñ³Ë. hit the ~ Ýß³ÝÇÝ/Ýå³ï³Ï³Ï»ïÇÝ


mare [meə] n ½³ÙμÇÏ, Ù³ï³Ï: Ë÷»É. miss the ~ íñÇå»É, Ý߳ݳϳϻïÇÝ
mare‘s-nest [΄meəznest] n å³ïñ³Ýù, ã¹Çåã»É. ÷Ëμ. ³ÝѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ Ïñ»É. beside
ÙáÉáñáõÃÛáõÝ. the ~ áã Áëï ¿áõÃÛ³Ý, áã ï»ÕÇÝ. (Ñ»ïù,
margarine [‚ma:dзə΄ri:n] n (Ïñ×. marge) ¹ñáßÙ, ÏÝÇù) mother’s ~ ˳É. the ~ of a hoof
Ù³ñ·³ñÇÝ: ëÙμ³ÏÇ Ñ»ïù. the ~ of genius ï³Õ³Ý¹Ç
margin [΄ma:dзin] n »½ñ, ë³ÑÙ³Ý. Ýí³½³- ÏÝÇù. leave ~ in history å³ïÙáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç
·áõÛÝ ë³ÑÙ³Ý. the ~ of a page ·ñùÇ/¿çÇ Éáõ- Ñ»ïù ÃáÕÝ»É. a ~ on the jacket μÇÍ åÇç³ÏÇ
ë³Ýóù. notes on the ~ ÝßáõÙÝ»ñ Éáõë³ÝóùÝ»- íñ³. slogan ~ ·áí³½¹³ÛÇÝ Ýß³Ý. Ùñ½. On
ñáõÙ. (»½»ñù, ³÷) on the ~ of the lake É×Ç your ~s! Ø»Ïݳ°ñÏ. up to the ~ Çñ μ³ñÓñáõ-
³÷ÇÝ. ~ of error ë˳ÉÇ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ/Ñݳ- ÃÛ³Ý íñ³. not up to the ~ Çñ μ³ñÓñáõÃÛ³Ý
ñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ. wide ~ of å³Ñ³Ýçí³ÍÇó íñ³ ãÉÇÝ»É. feel not up to the ~ Çñ»Ý í³ï
³í»ÉÇ. ~ of profit ß³ÑáõÛÃÇ ã³÷Á/ٳϳñ- ½·³É. overstep the ~ ß³ï Ñ»éáõÝ ·Ý³É.
¹³ÏÁ. ~ of safety ³å³ÑáíáõÃÛ³Ý ë³Ù³Ý³- (·Ý³Ñ³ï³Ï³Ý) get high/low ~s μ³ñÓñ/
·ÇÍÁ. a narrow ~ Ó³ÛÝ»ñÇ ÷áùñ ٻͳٳë- ó³Íñ ·Ý³Ñ³ï³Ï³ÝÝ»ñ ëï³Ý³É:
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: mark [ma:k] v Ñ»ïù/μÇÍ ÃáÕÝ»É. Ýß³Ý ¹Ý»É/
marginal [΄ma:dзinl] a ë³ÑٳݳÛÇÝ, »½ñ³- ³Ý»É. ~ the date in the calendar ûñÁ Ýᯐ ûñ³-
ÛÇÝ, ͳÛñÇ. Éáõë³Ýóù³ÛÇÝ, Éáõë³ÝóùáõÙ óáõÛóáõÙ. ~ the table ë»Õ³ÝÁ ˳½»É. ~ the
·ñí³Í/Ýßí³Í. ~ notes Ýáûñ Éáõë³ÝóùáõÙ. dress ѳ·áõëïÇ íñ³ μÇÍ ÃáÕÝ»É. (Ýß»É) ~
~ cost ë³ÑٳݳÛÝ Í³Ëë. a ~ case ³Ýáñáß the anniversary ï³ñ»¹³ñÓÁ Ýß»É. The way is
¹»åù. The difference is ~ î³ñμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ~ed ֳݳå³ñÑÁ Ýßí³Í ¿. (Ýϳï»É) ~ the
³ÝÝß³Ý ¿. ~ status ͳÛñ³Ñ»Õ/³ÝÝß³Ý Ï³ñ- difference ï³ñμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ýϳï»É. M~ my
·³íÇ׳Ï: words ÐÇß»ù ÇÙ μ³é»ñÁ. The papers have been
marguerite [‚ma:gə΄ri:t] n μëμ. »ñÇóáõÏ: ~ed øÝÝáõÃÛ³Ý ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñÁ ·Ý³Ñ³ï-
marigold [΄mærigəuld] n μëμ. ݳñ·Ç½: í»É »Ý. ~ down ·ÇÝÁ Ýß»É. ~ down/up goods
marinad(t)e [‚mæri΄neid] v ÃÃáõ ¹Ý»É. ~d ³åñ³ÝùÇ ·Ý»ñÁ Çç»óÝ»É/μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É. ~
vegetables ÃÃáõ ¹ñ³Í μ³Ýç³ñ»Õ»Ý: off ½³ï»É, ѳïϳóÝ»É. ~ off an area for
marine [mə΄ri:n] n ݳí³ïáñÙ. merchant/ school ¹åñáóÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ï³ñ³Íù ѳïϳó-
mercantile ~ ³é¨ïñ³Ï³Ý ݳí³ïáñÙ. Tell Ý»É. ~ out Ýß³ÝÝ»ñ ¹Ý»É.Ýß³·Í»É. ~ out a
that to the ~s! ËëÏó., ÷Ëμ. лùdzÃÝ»ñ ÙÇ° tennis court Ýß³·Í»É ûÝÇëÇ ¹³ßïÁ:
å³ïÙÇñ: marked [ma:kt] a Ýßí³Í, ¹ñáßÙ³Í. Ýϳ-
marine [mə΄ri:n] a Íáí³ÛÇÝ, ݳí³ïáñÙÇ, ï»ÉÇ, ½·³ÉÇ. the ~ pages Ýßí³Í ¿ç»ñÁ. ~ ap-
ݳí³ïáñÙ³ÛÇÝ. ~ insurance Íáí³ÛÇÝ ³å³- provement Ýϳï»ÉÇ É³í³óáõÙ:
Ñáí³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ stores ݳíÇ å³ß³ñÝ»ñÁ. marker [΄ma:kə] n ÝßÇã, óáõóÇã:
~ artist ÍáíÇ ÝϳñÇã, Ù³ñÇÝÇëï: market [΄ma:kit] n ßáõϳ. local/covered ~ ï»-
mariner [΄mærinə] n Íáí³·Ý³ó, ݳí³ë- ճϳÝ/ͳÍÏ³Í ßáõϳ. drug ~ ÃÙñ³¹»Õ»ñÇ
ïÇ. ~ ‘s compas ݳíÇ ÏáÕÙݳóáõÛó: ³é¨ïáõñ. be on/in the ~ í³×³éùáõÙ ÉÇÝ»É.
marionette [‚mæriə΄net] n ˳ٳ×ÇÏ, Ù³- come into/to the ~ í³×³éùÇ Ñ³Ýí»É. black ~
ñÇáÝ»ï: ë¨ ßáõϳ. hours of ~ í³×³éùÇ Å³Ù»ñ. flood
marital [΄mæritl] a ³ÙáõëݳϳÝ, ³ÙáõëÝáõ. the ~ with goods ßáõÏ³Ý ³åñ³Ýùáí áÕáÕ»É.
~ union ³ÙáõëÝ³Ï³Ý Ï³å. ~ status ÁÝ- the Common Market ÀݹѳÝáõñ ßáõϳ (ºí-
ï³Ý»Ï³Ý ϳñ·³íÇ׳Ï: ñáå³). domestic ~ Ý»ñùÇÝ ßáõϳ. world ~
maritime [΄mæritaim] a Íáí³ÛÇÝ, ÍáíÇ. Íá- ѳٳß˳ñѳÛÇÝ ßáõϳ. futures ~ ³å³éÝÇ
í³÷ÝÛ³, Íáí»½ñÛ³. ~ state Íáí³ÛÇÝ å»- ·áñͳñùÝ»ñÇ ßáõϳ. underworld ~ Áݹѳ-
ïáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ power Íáí³ÛÇÝ ï»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. a ï³ÏÛ³ ³é¨ïáõñ, ³ÝûñÇÝ³Ï³Ý ßáõϳ:
~ region Ù»ñÓ³÷ÝÛ³ ßñç³Ý. ~ law Íáí³ÛÇÝ market [΄ma:kit] a ßáõϳÛÇ, ßáõϳ۳ϳÝ. a
Çñ³íáõÝù: ~ price/value ßáõÏ³Û³Ï³Ý ·ÇÝ/³ñÅ»ù. ~
mark I [ma:k] n Ù³ñÏ (÷áÕÇ Ùdzíáñ): economy ßáõÏ³Û³Ï³Ý ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ. ~
mark II [ma:k] n Ýß³Ý, Ý߳ݳϻï, ¹ñáßÙ. share ßáõϳ۳ٳë:
marketable 507 mash

market [΄ma:kit] v í³×³é»É, ßáõϳ ѳݻÉ. Ý»É. ~ for love/money ëÇñ»Éáí/ѳÝáõÝ ÷áÕÇ
go ~ing ßáõϳ ·Ý³É. ~ing goods in Africa ³å- ³ÙáõëݳݳÉ. He married off his daughter ܳ
ñ³ÝùÁ ²ýñÇϳÛáõÙ í³×³é»É: ³Ùáõëݳóñ»ó Çñ ³ÕçϳÝ:
marketable [΄ma:kitəbl] a ·Ý³ÛáõÝ, í³×³- marsh [ma:∫] n, a ׳ÑÇ×. ׳Ñ×Ç, ׳Ñ׳ÛÇÝ.
é»ÉÇ. ~ goods ·Ý³ÛáõÝ ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñ: marshal [΄ma:∫l] n Ù³ñß³É. air ~ ³ídz-
market-day [΄ma:kitdei] n í³×³éùÇ/ßáõ- ódzÛÇ Ù³ñß³É. field ~ ý»É¹Ù³ñß³É. Çñ³í.
ϳÛÇ ûñ: ¹³ï³Ï³Ý ϳï³ñ³Íáõ:
market-place [΄ma:kitpleis] n ßáõϳ, marshal [΄ma:∫l] v ϳñ·Ç μ»ñ»É, ¹³ë³íá-
³é¨ïñÇ Ññ³å³ñ³Ï: ñ»É. ѳݹÇë³íáñ Ï»ñåáí ï³Ý»É. ~ soldiers
marking [΄ma:kiŋ] n Ýß³Ý. μÇÍ (ϻݹ³ÝÇ- ½ÇÝíáñÝ»ñÇÝ ß³ñù ϳݷݻóÝ»É. The diplo-
Ý»ñÇ íñ³). a black dog with white ~s ë¨ ßáõÝ mats were ~ed into the hall ¸Çí³Ý³·»ïÝ»ñÇÝ
ëåÇï³Ï μÍ»ñáí. ~s ï³ñμ»ñÇã Ýß³ÝÝ»ñ ѳݹÇë³íáñ Ó¨áí ¹³ÑÉÇ× ï³ñ³Ý. ~ facts
(׳ݳãÙ³Ý): ÷³ëï»ñÁ ¹³ë³íáñ»É áñáß³ÏÇ Ï³ñ·áí:
marksman [΄ma:ksmən] n Ý߳ݳÓÇ·. ·»- marshy [΄ma:∫i] a ׳Ñ×áï, ׳Ñ׳߳ï:
ñ³½³Ýó Ññ³ÓÇ·: mart [ma:t] n ³é¨ïñ³Ï³Ý Ï»ÝïñáÝ, ³-
marl [ma:l] n »ñÏñμ. Ïñ³Ï³í, Ù»ñ·»É: ×áõñ¹Ç ëñ³Ñ:
marmalade [΄ma:məleid] n ÏÇïñáÝÇ/ marten [΄ma:tin] n Ͻ³ùÇë:
ݳñÝçÇ ç»Ù: martial [΄ma:∫l] a ½ÇÝíáñ³Ï³Ý, é³½Ù³-
marmot [΄ma:mət] n ³ñç³ÙáõÏ: ϳÝ. ~ law é³½Ù³Ï³Ý ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ law
maroon [mə΄ru:n] n ß³·³Ý³Ï³·áõÛÝ: court é³½Ù³Ï³Ý ¹³ï³ñ³Ý. ~ tribes é³½-
maroon [mə΄ru:n] v Éù»É ³Ù³ÛÇ í³ÛñáõÙ. Ù³ï»Ýã ó»Õ»ñ:
They were ~ed on a desert island Üñ³Ýù Martian [΄ma:∫n] n Ù³ñë³μݳÏ. سñëÇ,
ѳÛïÝí»óÇÝ ³ÝÙ³ñ¹³μÝ³Ï ÏÕ½áõÙ: Ù³ñëÛ³Ý:
marquis [΄ma:kwis] n Ù³ñÏǽ: martyr [΄ma:tə] n ݳѳï³Ï, Ù³ñïÇñáë. a
marquise [ma:΄ki:z] n Ù³ñÏǽáõÑÇ: ~ to asthma ³ëÃÙ³Ûáí ï³é³å»É. make a ~
marriage [΄mæridз] n ³ÙáõëÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ÷Ëμ. of oneself Çñ»ÝÇó ݳѳï³Ï Ó¨³óÝ»É/
ë»ñï ϳå, ¹³ßÇÝù. make an offer of ~ ³- ¹³ñÓÝ»É:
ÙáõëÝáõÃÛ³Ý ³é³ç³ñÏ ³Ý»É. a ~ of conven- martyrdom [΄ma:tədəm] n Ù³ñïÇñáëáõ-
ience ѳßíáí/߳ѳ¹Çï³Ï³Ý ³ÙáõëÝáõ- ÃÛáõÝ. ݳѳï³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ï³Ýç³Ýù, ã³ñ-
ÃÛáõÝ. civil ~ ù³Õ³ù³óÇ³Ï³Ý ³ÙáõëÝáõ- ã³ñ³Ýù:
ÃÛáõÝ. illegal ~ ³ÝûñÇÝ³Ï³Ý ³ÙáõëÝáõ- marvel [΄ma:vl] n Ññ³ß³ÉÇù, ëù³Ýã»ÉÇù.
ÃÛáõÝ. annulment of ~ ³ÙáõëÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³Ýí³- Ññ³ßù, ½³ñÙ³Ýù, ÑdzóáõÙ. the ~s of science
í»ñ ׳ݳã»É. related by ~ ³½·³Ïó³Ï³Ý ·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý Ññ³ßùÝ»ñÁ. He’s a ~ ܳ Ññ³ßù
ϳå»ñ ³ÙáõëÝáõ/ÏÝáç ÏáÕÙÇó. aunt by ~ ¿. That’s a ~ ¸³ Ññ³ß³ÉÇ ¿:
³ÙáõëÝáõ/ÏÝáç Ùáñ³ùáõÛñ/Ñáñ³ùáõÛñ: marvel [΄ma:vl] v ÑdzݳÉ, ½³ñٳݳÉ. I ~
marriage [΄mæridз] a ³ÙáõëݳϳÝ. ~ set- at his patience ¼³ñÙ³ÝáõÙ »Ù Ýñ³ ѳÙμ»-
tlement ³ÙáõëÝ³Ï³Ý å³Ûٳݳ·Çñ. ~ li- ñáõÃÛ³ÝÁ:
cence ³ÙáõëÝ³Ï³Ý ÃáõÛÉïíáõÃÛáõÝ (»Ï»Õ»- marvellous [΄ma:vləs] a ëù³Ýã»ÉÇ, Ññ³ß³-
óáõ). ~ certificate ³ÙáõëÝáõÃÛ³Ý íϳ۳ϳÝ: ÉÇ, ½³ñٳݳÉÇ:
~ -knot /bonds ³ÙáõëÝ³Ï³Ý Ï³å: mascot [΄mæskət] n óÉÇëÙ³Ý, »ñç³Ýϳ-
married [΄mærid] a ³Ùáõëݳó³Í. get ~ ³- μ»ñ (Ù³ñ¹/ÏÇÝ/ϻݹ³ÝÇ/Çñ):
ÙáõëݳݳÉ. ~ name ³ÙáõëÝ³Ï³Ý ³½·³- mascara [mæ΄ska:rə] n ûñûñáõÝùÝ»ñÇ
ÝáõÝ. ~ life ³ÙáõëÝ³Ï³Ý ÏÛ³Ýù. a ~ couple ѳٳñ Ý»ñÏ:
³ÙáõëÝ³Ï³Ý ½áõÛ·: masculine [΄ma:skjulin]1. n ù»ñ. ³ñ³Ï³Ý
marrow [΄mærəu] n áëÏñ³ÍáõÍ. ~ bone ë»é. 2. a ³ñáõ, ³ñ³Ï³Ý. ù³ç, ³ñÇ. a ~
ÍáõÍáëÏñ. to the ~ ÙÇÝ㨠áõÕÝ áõ ÍáõÍÁ. be character áõÅ»Õ/³éÝ³Ï³Ý μݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ.
chilled to the ~ ÷Ëμ. ë³éã»É ÙÇÝ㨠áõÕÝ áõ He’s very ~ ܳ ÇëÏ³Ï³Ý ïÕ³Ù³ñ¹ ¿:
ÍáõÍÁ. vegetable ~ ¹¹ÙÇÏ: mash [mæ∫] n ɳ÷ (³Ý³ëáõÝÝ»ñÇ), çñ³-
marry [΄mæri] v ³ÙáõëݳݳÉ, ³Ùáõëݳó- ˳éÝ Ï»ñ. ËëÏó. ϳñïáýÇÉÇ åÛáõñ» (ݳ¨
mash 508 mastery

~ed potatoes): ë³ñ³Ï ݳí³ëïÇ:


mash [mæ∫] v ×½Ù»É, ×ËÉ»É, ïñáñ»É. ~ pota- master [΄ma:stə] n ï»ñ, å³ñáÝ. í³ñå»ï.
toes ϳñïáýÇÉÇ åÛáõñ» å³ïñ³ëï»É: Íáí. ϳåÇï³Ý. be ~ of. ïÇñ»É, ïÇñ³å»-
mask [ma:sk] n ¹ÇÙ³Ï. ùáÕ., ͳÍÏáõÛÃ. gas ~ ï»É. be ~ of situation/of one’s fate ¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý/Çñ
ѳϳ·³½. under the ~ of ¹ÇÙ³ÏÇ ï³Ï: μ³ËïÇ ï»ñÁ ÉÇÝ»É. be one’s own ~ ÇÝùÝ Çñ
mask [ma:sk] v ¹Çٳϳíáñ»É, ùáÕ³ñÏ»É, ï»ñÁ ÉÇÝ»É. (í³ñå»ï, Ù»Í ÝϳñÇã. Ù³ë-
ͳÍÏ»É. ¹ÇÙ³Ï Ñ³·Ý»É, Ó¨³Ý³É. ~ one’s ݳ·»ï) old ~s ÑÇÝ í³ñå»ïÝ»ñÁ. ~ of fence
feelings ½·³óÙáõÝùÝ»ñÁ ùáÕ³ñÏ»É: ÑÙáõï ëáõë»ñ³Ù³ñïÇÏ. a past ~ of chess
mason [΄meisn] n áñÙݳ¹Çñ, ù³ñï³ß. Ù³- ß³ËÙ³ïÇ ³Ý·»ñ³½³Ýó»ÉÇ í³ñå»ï. ~ of
ëáÝ, ýñ³ÝÏÙ³ëáÝ: ceremonies óïñ. ³ñ³ñáÕ³å»ï. (Ù³-
masonry [΄meisnri] n ù³ñÇ/³ÕÛáõëÇ ß³ñ- ·Çëïñáë) M~ of Arts (MA) ÑáõÙ³ÝÇï³ñ
í³Íù. áñÙݳ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. Ù³ëáÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ù³·Çëïñáë. M~ of Sci-
ýñ³ÝÏÙ³ëáÝáõÃÛáõÝ: ences (MS) ×ß·ñÇï ·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ
masquerade [‚mæskə΄reid] n ¹ÇٳϳѳÝ- Ù³·Çëïñáë. M~ of Law Çñ³íáõÝùÇ Ù³-
¹»ë. ¹Çٳϳ˳Õ, Ï»ÕÍ Ó¨³óáõÙ: ·Çëïñáë. (¹åñáóÇ ¹³ë³ïáõ, ïÝûñ»Ý)
mass I [mæs] n ÏñáÝ. å³ï³ñ³·. high ~ English ~ ³Ý·É»ñ»ÝÇ ¹³ë³ïáõ. ~ of a col-
ѳݹÇë³íáñ å³ï³ñ³·. say/celebrate ~ lege ùáÉ»çÇ Õ»Ï³í³ñ. ~‘s degree Ù³-
å³ï³ñ³· Ù³ïáõó»É/³Ý»É: ·ÇëïñáëÇ ³ëïÇ׳Ý.
mass II [mæs] n, a ½³Ý·í³Í, Ù»Í ù³Ý³Ïáõ- master [΄ma:stə] a ·É˳íáñ, ÑÇÙݳϳÝ. ~
ÃÛáõÝ. ½³Ý·í³Í³ÛÇÝ, ɳÛݳͳí³É. in the ~ mason áñ³ÏÛ³É ù³ñï³ß. ~ plan ·É˳íáñ
³ÙμáÕçáõÃÛ³Ùμ. confused ~ ˳éݳß÷áà åɳÝ/ѳï³Ï³·ÇÍ. ~ switch ÑÇÙݳϳÝ
½³Ý·í³Í. a great ~ of people Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó Ù»Í ³Ýç³ïÇã (éáõμÇÉÝÇÏ). ~ copy Ù³Ûñ ûñÇݳÏ.
ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ of nerves ÝÛ³ñ¹»ñÇ ÙÇ μݳ·Çñ. ÑÙÏñ·. ·É˳íáñ, ÑÇÙݳϳÝ. ~
³ÙμáÕç ÏÍÇÏ. ~ communication/media Éñ³ï-
cell ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý μçÇç. ~ data ÑÇÙݳϳÝ
íáõÃÛ³Ý ½³Ý·í³Í³ÛÇÝ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ (¼ÈØ).
ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ. ~ routine ·É˳íáñ Íñ³·Çñ:
~es ÅáÕáíñ¹³Ï³Ý ½³Ý·í³ÍÝ»ñÁ:
master [΄ma:stə] v ïÇñ³å»ï»É, ѳÕóѳ-
mass [mæs] v Ïáõï³Ï»É, ѳٳϻÝïñáݳó- ñ»É. ջϳí³ñ»É. ~ difficulties ¹Åí³ñáõ-
Ý»É, Ï»ÝïñáݳóÝ»É. ~ troops ½áñù»ñ Ï»Ýï-
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ѳÕóѳñ»É. ~ one’s feelings/
ñáݳóÝ»É. Clouds were ~ing ²Ùå»ñÁ Ïáõ-
oneself Çñ»Ý/½·³óÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇÝ ïÇñ³å»-
ï³ÏíáõÙ ¿ÇÝ:
ï»É. ~ a foreign language ûï³ñ É»½áõ ïÇ-
massacre [΄mæsəkə] 1. n Ïáïáñ³Í, ç³ñ¹.
ñ³å»ï»É:
ëå³Ý¹, ³ñÛáõݳѻÕáõÃÛáõÝ. It was a ~
ËëÏó., Ùñ½. ¸³ ÇëÏ³Ï³Ý ç³ñ¹ ¿ñ. 2. v Ïá-
masterful [΄ma:stəfl] a ÇßËáÕ, Ññ³Ù³ÛáÕ:
ïáñ»É, ç³ñ¹»É, ëå³Ý»É:
master-key [΄ma:stəki:] n ѳٳμ³Ý³ÉÇ.
ß³ï ÷³Ï³ÝùÝ»ñ μ³óáÕ μ³Ý³ÉÇ:
massage [΄mæsa:з] n, v Ù»ñëáõÙ, Ù³ë³Å.
Ù»ñë»É, Ù³ë³Å ³Ý»É:
masterly [΄ma:stəli] a, adv í³ñå»ï,
masseuse [mæ΄sə:z] n Ù»ñëáÕ: í³ñå»ï³ÛÇÝ, ÑÙáõï. í³ñå»ïáñ»Ý, í³ñ-
massif [΄mæsif] n É»éݳ½³Ý·í³Í: å»ïáõÃÛ³Ùμ, ÑÙïáñ»Ý, ÑÙïáõÃÛ³Ùμ:
massive [΄mæsiv] a ÑáÍ, íÇÃ˳ñÇ, Ëáßáñ, mastermind [΄ma:stəmaind] n a ~ ³Ï³Ý³-
Ù»Í. a ~ building Ëáßáñ ß»Ýù. a ~ undertaking íáñ ·ÇïݳϳÝ. Who’s the ~ behind this? à±í
ÑëÏ³Û³Ï³Ý Ý³Ë³Ó»éÝáõÃÛáõÝ. on a ~ scale ¿ ëñ³ Ñ»ï¨áõ٠ϳݷݳÍ/Ùï³ÑÕ³óáÕÁ. He
Ù»Í Ù³ëßï³μáí: was the ~ behind the operation ܳ ³Ûë ·áñ-
mass-produce [‚mæsprə΄dju:s] v ½³Ý·í³- ͳéÝáõÃÛ³Ý Çñ³Ï³Ý Ñ»ÕÇݳÏÝ ¿ñ:
ͳμ³ñ ³ñï³¹ñ»É: masterpiece [΄ma:stəpi:s] n ·ÉáõË·áñÍáó:
mass-produced [‚mæsprə΄dju:sd] a ½³Ý·- mastership [΄ma:stə∫ip] n í³ñå»ïáõÃÛáõÝ,
í³Í³ÛÇÝ/ë»ñÇ³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³Ýù: ÑÙïáõÃÛáõÝ. áõëáõóãÇ/ïÝûñ»ÝÇ å³ßïáÝÁ:
massy [΄mæsi] a Ù»Í, íÇÃ˳ñÇ, Ëáßáñ. master-stroke [΄ma:stəstrəuk] n ÑÙáõï/
ͳÝñ, ͳÝñ³ù³ÛÉ: ׳ñåÇÏ ù³ÛÉ. (ÝϳñÇã) í³ñå»ïÇ íñÓݳ-
mast [ma:st] n ϳÛÙ. é³¹. é³¹ÇáϳÛ٠˳Õ:
sail/serve before the ~ ͳé³Û»É áñå»ë ѳ- mastery [΄ma:stəri] n ïÇñ³å»ïáõÃÛáõÝ, Çß-
mastic 509 mathematics

˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ of the seas Íáí»ñÇ ïÇñ³å»- ϳ·Í»ñÇ ½áõÛ·:


ïáõÃÛáõÝ. (ÑÙïáõÃÛáõÝ, ïÇñ³å»ïáõÙ) his ~ matchless [΄mæt∫ləs] a ³Ý½áõ·³Ï³Ý, ³Ý-
of violin çáõóÏÇÝ Ýñ³ ïÇñ³å»ï»ÉÁ. ÝÙ³Ý:
mastic [΄mæstik] n Ù³ÍÇÏ, Ù³ëïÇϳ: matchmaker [΄mæt∫‚meikə] n ËݳٳËáë
masticate [΄mæstikeit] v ͳٻÉ: ÏÇÝ, ÙÇçÝáñ¹, ßåå³ÝÇÏ:
mastication [‚mæsti΄kei∫n] n ͳÙáõÙ, ͳ- matchwood [΄mæt�wud] n ÉáõóÏáõ ÷³Ûï/
Ù»ÉÁ: ÓáÕÇÏ. make a ~ of ÷Ëμ. ç³ñ¹»É, ç³ñ¹áõ-
mastiff [΄mæstif] n ·³Ù÷é, å³Ñ³å³Ý ßáõÝ. ÷ßáõñ ³Ý»É:
³Ý·ÉÇ³Ï³Ý ¹á·: mate I [meit] 1.n ÁÝÏ»ñ(³ÏÇó). (ϻݹ³-
mat [mæt] n ËëÇñ, áõÕ»·áñ·. Ùñ½. Ù³ï. ÝÇÝ»ñ) ¿·, ³ñáõ. room~ ë»Ý۳ϳÏÇó ÁÝÏ»ñ.
¹ñáó, ï³Ï¹Çñ. spread a ~ on the floor ·áñ·Á (û·Ý³Ï³Ý) plumber’s ~ ÷³Ï³Ý³·áñÍÇ û·-
ѳï³ÏÇÝ ÷é»É. on the ~ ËëÏó. Ý»Õ ¹ñáõ- ݳϳÝ. first ~ Íáí. ݳí³å»ïÇ ³é³çÇÝ
ÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç. leave on the ~ Ù»ñÅ»É, ãÁݹáõÝ»É. û·Ý³Ï³Ý. 2. v ³ÙáõëݳݳÉ. (ϻݹ³ÝÇÝ»ñ)
The boss had him on the ~ ä»ïÁ Ýñ³Ý ËÇëï ½áõ·³íáñí»É:
ѳݹÇٳݻó: mate II [meit] n, v ßËÙ. Ù³ï. Ù³ï ³Ý»É:
match I [mæt∫] n (ݳ¨ safety~) ÉáõóÏÇ. strike/ material [mə΄tiəriəl] n ÝÛáõÃ. ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝ-
blow out a ~ ÉáõóÏÇÝ í³é»É/ѳݷóÝ»É. box Ý»ñ, ÷³ëï»ñ. sufficient/ample ~ μ³í³Ï³Ý
of ~es ÙÇ ïáõ÷ ÉáõóÏÇ. a ~ box ÉáõóÏáõ ³é³ï ÝÛáõÃ. raw ~ ÑáõÙ ÝÛáõÃ, ÑáõÙù. build-
ïáõ÷: ing ~ ßÇݳñ³ñ³Ï³Ý ÝÛáõûñ. ßÇݳÝÛáõÃ.
match II [mæt∫] n ½áõÛ·, ѳí³ë³ñ³ÏÇó. factual ~ ÷³ëï³Ï³Ý ÝÛáõÃ. writing ~ ·ñ»-
ѳٳå³ï³ë˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. He has no ~ as a Ý³Ï³Ý åÇïáõÛùÝ»ñ. audio-video ~ ï»ë³-
pianist àñå»ë ¹³ßݳϳѳñ ݳ ѳí³- ÉëáÕ³Ï³Ý ÝÛáõûñ. collect ~ ÝÛáõà ѳí³ù»É.
ë³ñÁ ãáõÝÇ. He found his ~ ܳ ·ï³í Çñ»Ý (·áñÍí³Íù, Ïïáñ) expensive/heavy/light ~
ѳí³ë³ñÇÝ. (³ÙáõëÝáõÃÛáõÝ) make a ~ óÝϳñÅ»ù/ͳÝñ/ûè ·áñÍí³Íù/Ïïáñ:
³ÙáõëݳݳÉ. make a good ~ ѳçáÕ material [mə΄tiəriəl] a ÝÛáõóϳÝ, Çñ»Õ»Ý.
³ÙáõëݳݳÉ. She is a good ~ ܳ É³í ¿³Ï³Ý. ~ well-being ÝÛáõÃ³Ï³Ý μ³ñíáùáõ-
ûÏݳÍáõ ¿. (·áõÛÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ë˳- ÃÛáõÝ. ~ loss/damage ÝÛáõÃ³Ï³Ý Ïáñáõëï/
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ) These colours are a good ~ ²Ûë íݳë. ~ needs ÝÛáõÃ³Ï³Ý å³Ñ³ÝçÝ»ñ. ~
·áõÛÝ»ñÝ Çñ³ñ ë³½áõÙ »Ý/ѳٳå³- evidence/fact Çñ³í. ¿³Ï³Ý/Çñ»Õ»Ý ³å³-
ï³ë˳ÝáõÙ »Ý. Ùñ½. ÙñóáõÙ, Ë³Õ a foot- óáõÛó/÷³ëï. ~ to the discussion ¿³Ï³Ý/ϳ-
ball/hockey ~ ýáõïμáÉÇ/Ñáù»ÛÇ ÙñóáõÙ. a ñ¨áñ ùÝݳñÏÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ:
home/an away ~ Ë³Õ ë»÷³Ï³Ý/áõñÇßÇ ¹³ß- materialize [mə΄tiəriəlaiz] v Çñ³Ï³Ý³Ý³É.
ïáõÙ. a return ~ å³ï³ëË³Ý Ë³Õ. His hopes/plans ~d Üñ³ ÑáõÛë»ñÁ/Íñ³·ñ»ñÁ
hold/win/lose a ~ Ë³Õ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñå»É. ѳÕ- Çñ³Ï³Ý³ó³Ý:
ûÉ/ÏáñóÝ»É Ë³ÕÁ. ~- tough ÙñóáõÙÝ»ñÇÝ materially [mə΄tiəriəli] adv ¿³å»ë. ýÇÝ.
å³ïñ³ëï (ÉÇÝ»É). ÝÛáõóå»ë. She is ~ better off ܳ ÝÛáõó-
match [mæt∫] v ÁÝïñ»É. ѳٳå³ï³ë˳- å»ë ³å³Ñáí(í³Í) ¾:
ÝÁ ·ïÝ»É. ³ÙáõëݳóÝ»É. Ùñó»É. No one maternal [mə΄tə:nl] a Ù³Ûñ³Ï³Ý, Ùáñ, Ùáñ
could ~ him àã áù ã¿ñ ϳñáÕ Ýñ³Ý ѳ- ÏáÕÙÇó. ~ instinct Ù³Ûñ³Ï³Ý μݳ½¹. a ~
í³ë³ñí»É. The blue hat ~ed with gloves aunt Ùáñ³ùáõÛñ. ~ uncle ù»éÇ, Ùáñ»Õμ³Ûñ:
γåáõÛï ·É˳ñÏÁ ë³½áõÙ ¿ñ Ó»éÝáóÝ»ñÇ maternity [mə΄tə:nəti] n Ù³ÛñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~
Ñ»ï. The boxers were equally ~ed Ùñ½. dress ÑÕÇ ÏÝáç ѳ·áõëï. ~ leave ýǽ³ñÓ³-
´éÝóù³Ù³ñïÇÏÝ»ñÁ ѳí³ë³ñ ¿ÇÝ Çñ»Ýó Ïáõñ¹. ~ home ÍÝݹ³ïáõÝ. ~ benefit ÍÝݹ³-
áõÅáí: μ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ýå³ëï:
matching [΄mæt∫iŋ] a ѳٳå³ï³ë˳Ý, mathematical [‚mæθə΄mætikl] a ٳûٳ-
ë³½áÕ, ѳí³ë³ñ. a blue hat with ~ gloves ïÇϳϳÝ, ×ß·ñÇï:
ϳåáõÛï ·É˳ñÏ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý Ó»é- mathematician [‚mæθəmə΄ti∫n] n ٳûٳ-
ÝáóÝ»ñáí. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ components ѳٳå³- ïÇÏáë:
ï³ëË³Ý μ³Õ³¹ñÇãÝ»ñ. ~ parentheses ÷³- mathematics [‚mæθə΄mætiks] n maths, math
matinee 510 maunder

ٳûٳïÇϳ£ There is smth the ~ ÆÝã- áñ μ³Ý ¿ å³ï³Ñ»É.


matinee [΄mætinei] n ó»ñ»ÏáõÛÃ, ó»ñ»Ï³ÛÇÝ ~s ·áñÍ»ñ, ѳñó»ñ. business ~s ·áñÍݳϳÝ
Ý»ñϳ۳óáõÙ/뻳Ýë: ѳñó»ñ. money ~s ÷áÕ³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍ»ñ. ~s of
mating [΄meitiŋ] n ½áõ·³íáñáõÙ: law ûñ»ÝùÝ»ñ, Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñ. How ~s stand ?
matrass [΄mætrəs] n ùÇÙ. ÏáÉμ³, ÷áñÓ³- ÆÝãå»±ë ¿ ·áñÍ»ñÇ íÇ׳ÏÁ. not to mince ~s
ÝáÃ: áõÕÇÕÝ ³ë³Í. (ϳñ¨áñáõÃÛáõÝ) no ~
matricide [΄meitrisaid] n Ù³Ûñ³ëå³Ý, Ù³Û- what/when/who/where ϳñ¨áñ ã¿ ÇÝã/»ñμ/áí/áñ-
ñ³ëå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: ï»Õ. No ~ àãÇÝã, γñ¨áñ ã¿. No ~ what he
matriculate [mə΄trikjuleit] v ѳٳÉë³- says ÆÝã ¿É áñ ݳ ³ëÇ. No ~ what the weather
ñ³Ý/μáõÑ ÁݹáõÝí»É: is ²ÝÏ³Ë »Õ³Ý³ÏÇó:
matriculation [mə‚trikju΄lei∫n] n μáõÑ ÁÝ- matter [΄mætə] v Ý߳ݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ/ϳñ¨áñáõ-
¹áõÝí»ÉÁ: ~ exams ÁݹáõÝ»ÉáõÃÛ³Ý ùÝÝáõ- ÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ. It doesn’t ~ ¸³ (áã ÙÇ) Ýß³-
ÃÛáõÝ»ñ: ݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ ãáõÝÇ. ϳñ¨áñ ã¿. áãÇÝã. What
matrimonial [‚mætri΄məuniəl] a ³Ùáõëݳ- does it ~ to you? ø»°½ ÇÝã, øá° ÇÝã ·áñÍÝ ¿. It
ϳÝ. ~ suit ³ÙáõëݳÉáõÍáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ûó. ~ law ~s very much ¸³ ß³ï ϳñ¨áñ ¿. That’s all
³ÙáõëÝ³Ï³Ý Çñ³íáõÝù: that ~s ÙdzÛÝ ¸³ Ý߳ݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝÇ. It
matrimony [΄mætriməni] n ³ÙáõëÝáõÃÛáõÝ: doesn’t ~ any more ¸³ ³Ûɨë Ý߳ݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ
matrix [΄meitriks] n ÑÙÏñ·. Ù³ïñÇó. ~ in- ãáõÝÇ:
version Ù³ïñÇóÇ ßñçáõÙ: matter-of-fact [‚mætərəv΄fækt] a ·áñÍݳ-
matron [΄meitrən] n ³Ùáõëݳó³Í ÏÇÝ, ϳÝ, åñ³ÏïÇÏ. in a ~ voice ËÇëï ·áñÍݳ-
ÁÝï³ÝÇùÇ Ù³Ûñ: Ï³Ý ïáÝáí. very ~ ß³ï ·áñÍݳϳÝ/
matted [΄mætid] a Ë××í³Í. ËëÇñáí/áõÕ»- åñ³ÏïÇÏ (³ÝÓݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ):
·áñ·áí ͳÍÏí³Í. ~ hair Ë××í³Í Ù³½»ñ: matting [΄mætiŋ] n ËëÇñ, ×ÇÉáå:
matter [΄mætə] n ÝÛáõÃ. ÷ÇÉ. Ù³ï»ñdz. mattok [΄mætək] n ùÉáõÝ·, μñÇã:
μÅßÏ. óñ³Ë. grey ~ áõÕ»ÕÇ ·áñß ÝÛáõÃÁ. mattress [΄mætrəs] n Ý»ñùݳÏ, spring ~
ËëÏó. Ë»Éù. dead ~ ³Ýûñ·³Ý³Ï³Ý ÝÛáõÃ. ½ëå³Ý³Ï³íáñ Ý»ñùݳÏ:
postal ~ ÷áëï³ÛÇÝ ³é³ùáõÙ. printed ~ mature [mə΄t∫juə] a ѳëáõÝ, ã³÷³Ñ³ë, ѳ-
ïå³·ñí³Í ÝÛáõÃ. radioactive ~ é³¹Çá³Ï- ë³Í. ųÙÏ»ïÁ Éñ³ó³Í. ~ fruit ѳë³Í
ïÇí ÝÛáõÃ. (μáí³Ý¹³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ¿áõÃÛáõÝ) ÙÇñ·. a ~ work ѳëáõÝ ³ß˳ï³Ýù. on ~
form and ~ Ó¨ ¨ μáí³Ý¹³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ at issue consideration Éáõñç ËáñÑñ¹³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÇó/
ùÝݳñÏÙ³Ý ³é³ñϳ. the main ~ of the ÙïáñáõÙÝ»ñÇó Ñ»ïá. ~ wine ѳëáõÝ,
speech ½»ÏáõóÙ³Ý ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý μáí³Ý¹³Ïáõ- ÑÝáñ³Ï/Ñݳáñ³Ï ·ÇÝÇ:
ÃÛáõÝÁ. a ~ of fact Çñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ÷³ëï, mature [mə΄t∫juə] v ѳëáõݳݳÉ, ѳëáõÝ
÷³ëï³Ï³Ý ѳݷ³Ù³Ýù. as a ~ of fact ¹³éݳÉ. ~ wine ·ÇÝÇÝ ÑÝáñ³Ï ¹³ñÓÝ»É.
Çñ³Ï³ÝáõÙ, ÷³ëïáñ»Ý. (·áñÍ, ѳñó) ur- The fruit ~d ØÇñ·Á ѳë³í. He has ~d a lot
gent/private/unpleasant ~ ßï³å/³ÝÓݳϳÝ/ ܳ μ³í³Ï³Ý ѳëáõݳó»É ¿. (ųÙÏ»ïÁ
ïÑ³× ·áñÍ. settle.arrange/complicate a ~ Éñ³Ý³É) When does the policy ~ ? º±ñμ ¿
ϳñ·³íáñ»É/μ³ñ¹»óÝ»É ·áñÍÁ. in regard ³í³ñïíáõÙ ³å³Ñáí³·ñÙ³Ý (í׳ñÙ³Ý)
to/concerning this ~ ³Ûë ѳñóÇ/·áñÍÇ í»ñ³- ųÙÏ»ïÁ:
μ»ñÛ³É. a ~ of course ÇÝùÝÁëïÇÝùÛ³Ý Ñ³ë- maturity [mə΄t∫juərəti] n ѳëáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ,
ϳݳÉÇ ·áñÍ. a ~ of opinion íÇ×»ÉÇ Ñ³ñó. ~ ã³÷³Ñ³ëáõÃÛáõÝ. ÙáõñѳÏÇ í׳ñÙ³Ý
of life and death ÏÛ³ÝùÇ áõ Ù³Ñáõ ѳñó. a ~ ųÙÏ»ï. reach ~ ã³÷³Ñ³ë ¹³éݳÉ. date of
of habit ëáíáñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ñó. The ~ is closed ~ å³ñïùÇ í׳ñÙ³Ý Å³ÙÏ»ï/Éñ³Ý³Éáõ
гñóÁ ÉáõÍí³Í ¿ (÷³Ïí³Í ¿). take up the ~ ûñÁ:
ѳñóáí ½μ³Õí»É. It is no laughing ~ гݳù maudlin [΄mɔ:dlin] a ¹Ûáõñ³½·³ó, ɳÉϳÝ:
μ³Ý ã¿. a ~ of two days »ñÏáõ ûñí³ Ñ³ñó. maul [mɔ:l] n, v ÷³Ûï» Ã³Ï, óÏÇã.
push the ~ through ·áñÍÁ ÙÇÝ㨠í»ñç ˻չ»É, ç³ñ¹»É. He was ~ed by a bear ²ñçÁ
ѳëóÝ»É. What’s the ~? ƱÝãÝ ¿ μ³ÝÁ, ƱÝã ¿ Ýñ³Ý ɳí ïñáñ»É ¿ñ:
å³ï³Ñ»É. make ~ s worse Ç ÉñáõÙÝ ³Ù»ÝÇ. maunder [΄mɔ:ndə] v ³Ýϳå Ëáë»É.
mausoleum 511 meander

÷ÝÃ÷ÝóÉ. ~ about/along »ñ»ñ³Éáí ·Ý³É, »Õμ³Ûñë. That’s/it’s me ²Û¹ »ë »Ù. He’s older
³ÝÝå³ï³Ï ó÷³é»É: than ~ ܳ ÇÝÓÝÇó Ù»Í ¿:
mausoleum [‚mɔ:sə΄li:əm] n ¹³Ùμ³ñ³Ý: mead [mi:d] n Ù»Õñ³ËÙÇãù (á·»ÉÇó ÁÙå»-
mauve [məuv] a μ³ó Ù³Ýáõ߳ϳ·áõÛÝ. ÉÇù):
ϳñÙñ³Ï³åáõÛï: meadow [΄medəu] n Ù³ñ·³·»ïÇÝ:
mawkish [΄mɔ:ki∫] a ³ÝѳÙ, ïÑ³× Ñ³Ù meager, meagre [΄mi:gə] ÝÇѳñ, íïÇï. ³Õ-
áõÝ»óáÕ. ë»ÝïÇÙ»Ýï³É, ɳÉϳÝ: ù³ïÇÏ, ËÕ×áõÏ. a ~ repast ³Õù³ïÇÏ áõï»-
maxim [΄mæksim] n ÇÙ³ëï³ÉÇó Ëáëù, ³- ÉÇù. a ~ attendance ß³ï í³ï ѳ׳ËáõÙ:
ë³óí³Íù. Çñ³í³Ï³Ý ëϽμáõÝùÝ»ñ. copy- meal I [mi:l] n áõï»ÉÇù, Ï»ñ³Ïáõñ. ݳ-
book ~s ѳÝñ³Ñ³Ûï ï³ññ³Ï³Ý ×ßÙ³ñ- ˳׳ß, ׳ß, ÁÝÃñÇù. ~ time áõï»Éáõ ų-
ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: ٳݳÏ. evening ~ ÁÝÃñÇù. square ~ Ïáõßï
maximum [΄mæksiməm] n ͳÛñ³·áõÛÝ ×³ß. a standup ~ ϳݷݳÍ/áïùÇ íñ³ áõï»É.
³ëïÇ׳Ý, ³é³í»É³·áõÛÝÁ, Ù³ùëÇÙáõÙ. to invite for a ~ Ññ³íÇñ»É ׳ßÇ/ÁÝÃñÇùÇ. dur-
the ~ ÙÇÝ㨠ٳùëÇÙáõÙ: ing ~s áõï»Éáõ ųٳݳÏ. before/after ~s
maximum [΄mæksiməm] a ³é³í»É³·áõÛÝ, áõï»Éáõó ³é³ç/Ñ»ïá. a light ~ ûè áõï»-
Ù³ùëÇÙ³É. This costs a ~ of... ¸³ ³ñÅ» ÉÇù:
Ù³ùëÇÙáõÙ… meal II [mi:l] n ³ÉÛáõñ. whole ~ ãÙ³Õí³Í ³É-
May [mei] n, a Ù³ÛÇë. ÷Ëμ. ÏÛ³ÝùÇ Í³ÕÏ- Ûáõñ:
Ù³Ý ßñç³Ý. Ù³ÛÇëÛ³Ý, Ù³ÛÇëÙ»ÏÛ³Ý: mealy [΄mi:li] a ³ÉÛáõñÇ, ³ÉÛáõñáï, ³Éñáï.
may [mei] v ÃáõÛÉïíáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ, ϳñ»- ÷³÷áõÏ, ÷ËñáõÝ:
ݳÉ. ~ I come in? γñ»ÉDZ ¿ Ý»ñë ·³É. ~ I in- mealy-mouthed [‚mi:li΄mauðd] a ù³Õóñ³-
troduce... ÂáõÛÉ ïí»ù Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É. (Ñݳ- Ëáë, ³Ýáõß³Ëáë:
ñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ) It ~ /might rain γñáÕ ¿ mean [mi:n] a Åɳï, ·ÍáõÍ. ³Ý³ñ·, ³Ý³½-
ÝÇí. be ~ with one’s money Åɳï ÉÇÝ»É. a ~
³ÝÓñ¨ ·³É. it ~ be Ñݳñ³íáñ ¿. The train ~
trick ³Ý³½ÝíáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ thing to say ëïá-
be late ¶Ý³óùÁ ѳí³Ý³μ³ñ/Ñݳñ³íáñ ¿
ñáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ ³Û¹ ³ë»ÉÁ. a ~ appearance ËÕ×áõÏ
Ïáõ߳ݳ. come what ~/might ÇÝã ÉÇÝáõÙ ¿ª
³ñï³ùÇÝ. He’s no ~ pianist ܳ í³ï ¹³ß-
ÃáÕ ÉÇÝÇ. try as he ~ áñù³Ý ¿É ݳ ç³-
ݳϳѳñ ã¿:
ݳ/÷áñÓÇ. Be that as it ~ ÂáÕ ³Û¹å»ë ÉÇÝÇ.
(³é³ç³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ) We might try writing Ø»Ýù
mean [mi:n] 1. n ÙÇçÇÝ. Ù»çï»Õ. Ù³Ã. ÙÇçÇÝ
ÃÇí/ Ù»ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. the happy/golden ~ áëÏ» ÙÇ-
ϳñáÕ ¿ÇÝù ÷áñÓ»É ·ñ»É. you might at least
çÇÝÁ. arithmetical ~ ÙÇçÇÝ Ãí³μ³Ý³Ï³ÝÁ.
¹áõù ѳٻݳÛÝ ¹»åë/·áÝ». (ÑáõÛë, í³Ë) I
2. a ÙÇçÇÝ:
hope he ~ recover Ðáõëáí »Ù, áñ ݳ
mean [mi:n] v Ùï³¹ñí»É, Ùï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ
ϳå³ùÇÝíÇ. They ~ be late Üñ³Ýù ϳñáÕ
áõݻݳÉ. ~ well/illI ɳí/í³ï Ùï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ
»Ý áõ߳ݳÉ. (μ³ÕÓ³Ýù) M~ you be happy
áõݻݳÉ. I ~ to leave tomorrow Ùï³¹Çñ »Ù
ºñç³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ »Ù ó³ÝϳÝáõÙ, ºñç³ÝÇÏ í³ÕÁ ·Ý³É/Ñ»é³Ý³É. (»Ýó¹ñ»É, ÝϳïÇ
ÉÇÝ»ë. And who~/might you be? ÆëÏ ¹áõù á±í áõݻݳÉ). I ~ to say àõ½áõÙ »Ù ³ë»É. What do
ÏÉÇÝ»ù/á±í »ù: you ~? ƱÝã ÝϳïÇ áõÝ»ù. I ~ what I say ºë
maybe [΄meibi] adv ѳí³Ý³Ï³Ý ¿, Ñݳñ³- Éáõñç »Ù ³ëáõÙ. He ~s no harm/well ܳ í³ï
íáñ ¿, ·áõó»: μ³Ý ãÇ Ï³Ù»ÝáõÙ. (ݳ˳ï»ë»É) I meant this
mayonnaise [‚meiə΄neiz] n Ù³ÛáÝ»½: for you ê³ Ó»½ ѳٳñ »Ù ݳ˳ï»ë»É. Is
mayor [meə] n ù³Õ³ù³å»ï. lord ~ Èáݹá- that remark meant for me? ¸³ DZÝÓ ¿ í»ñ³μ»-
ÝÇ ù³Õ³ù³·ÉáõËÁ: ñáõÙ. (Ý߳ݳϻÉ, ÇÙ³ëï áõݻݳÉ) What
maze [meiz] 1. n ɳμÇñÇÝÃáë, μ³íÇÕ. a ~ of does this word ~? ƱÝã ¿ ³Ûë μ³éÁ Ý߳ݳ-
streets ÷áÕáóÝ»ñÇ É³μÇñÇÝÃáë. be in a ~ ÏáõÙ. Your friendship ~s a lot to me Ò»ñ ÁÝÏ»-
÷Ëμ., ËëÏó. ÉñÇí Ë××í»É. 2. v ÷³ÏáõÕáõ/ ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ß³ï μ³Ý ¿ Ý߳ݳÏáõÙ ÇÝÓ Ñ³-
³Ýï³Ý»ÉÇ ¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ¹Ý»É: Ù³ñ. It ~s nothing ¸³ áãÇã ãÇ Ý߳ݳÏáõÙ:
mazy [΄meizi] a ³Ý»É³Ý»ÉÇ, ˳éݳß÷áÃ, meander [mi΄ændə]1. n áÉáñù, åïáõÛï. 2.
Ë××í³Í: v áÉáñí»É, åïáõÛïÝ»ñ ϳ½Ù»É (·»ï, ׳ݳ-
me [mi:] pron ÇÝÓ, »ë. ~ and my brother »ë ¨ å³ñÑ). (Ù³ñ¹) ³ÝÝå³ï³Ï ó÷³é»É
meaning 512 meat-chopper

(ݳ¨ ~ along): ûñÇ/ÉñÇí ã³÷. beyond/out of ~ ³Ýã³÷, ã³-


meaning [΄mi:niŋ] n ÇÙ³ëï, Ý߳ݳÏáõ- ÷³½³Ýó, ã³÷Çó ¹áõñë. in a/in some ~áñáß
ÃÛáõÝ. the ~ of this word ³Ûë μ³éÇ ÇÙ³ëïÁ. ã³÷áí. Ù³ë³Ùμ. made to ~ å³ïí»ñáí
independent ~ ÇÝùÝáõñáõÛÝ ÇÙ³ëï. content ~ ϳñí³Í. take one’s ~ ã³÷ëÁ í»ñóÝ»É. ÷Ëμ.
ÇÙ³ëï³ÛÇÝ μáí³Ý¹³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. What’s the ~ μݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ áñáß»É. You have got his ~
of this? ƱÝã ¿ ë³ Ý߳ݳÏáõÙ: all right ¸áõ Ýñ³Ý ×Çßï μÝáõó·ñ»óÇñ.
meaningful [΄mi:niŋfl] a Ý߳ݳϳÉÇó, (³ëïÇ׳Ý, ã³÷³ÝÇß) in great/large ~ Ýß³-
ÇÙ³ëï³ÉÇó/³ñï³Ñ³ÛïÇã. a ~ look μ³½- ݳϳÉÇó, Ù»Í ã³÷áí. in some ~ áñáß ã³-
Ù³Ýß³Ý³Ï Ñ³Û³óù. Such discussions are not ÷áí/ ³ëïÇ׳Ýáí. a certain ~ of áñáß
very ~ ²Û¹åÇëÇ ùÝݳñÏáõÙÝ»ñÇó ß³ï ³ëïÇ׳Ý. preventive ~s ϳÝ˳ñ·»ÉÇã/
û·áõï ãϳ: ݳ˳½·áõß³Ï³Ý ÙÇçáó. There ‘s a ~ of truth
meaningless [΄mi:niŋləs] a ³ÝÇÙ³ëï: ÖßÙ³ñïáõÃÛ³Ý áñáß ³ëïÇ׳Ý/ã³÷ ϳ.
meanly [΄mi:nli] adv ëïáñ³μ³ñ, ³Ý³ñ· know no ~ ã³÷ ãÇٳݳÉ. (ÙÇçáó ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ)
Ï»ñåáí. ÃáõÛÉ, ÙÇç³Ï, Ë»Õ×: lawful ~ Çñ³í. ûñÇÝ³Ï³Ý ÙÇçáó. take ~s
meanness [΄mi:nnəs] n ÅɳïáõÃÛáõÝ, ·ÍÍáõ- ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ Ó»éù ³éÝ»É. take strong/preventive
ÃÛáõÝ. ëïáñáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ý³½ÝíáõÃÛáõÝ. ÙÇç³- ~s Çñ³í. í×é³Ï³Ý/ϳÝ˳ñ·»ÉÇã ÙÇ-
ÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ËÕ×áõÏáõÃÛáõÝ: çáóÝ»ñ Ó»éù ³éÝ»É. precautionary ~s ݳ-
means [mi:nz] n ÙÇçáó, ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ. Ó¨. by all ˳½·áõß³Ï³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ£
~ ³Ýå³ÛÙ³Ý, ³Ù»Ý ·Ýáí. by any ~ áñ¨¿ measure [΄meзə] v ã³÷»É, ã³÷ë í»ñóÝ»É. ~
Ó¨áí. by no ~ áã ÙÇ ¹»åùáõÙ, μݳí. It’s by no distance/length/temperature Ñ»é³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ/
~ dear ¸³ μáÉáñáíÇÝ ¿É óÝÏ ã¿. by fair ~ or »ñϳñáõÃÛáõÝÁ/ç»ñÙáõÃÛáõÝÁ ã³÷»É. ~ smb
foul ó³Ýϳó³Í ÙÇçáóáí. by ~ of ÙÇçáóáí, ã³÷ëÁ í»ñóÝ»É. ~ one’s words ÷Ëμ. μ³é»ñÁ
ûųݹ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùμ. ~ of communication ѳ- Ïßé³¹³ï»É. ~ out ã³÷»Éáí μ³Å³Ý»É. ~ out
Õáñ¹³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ. The end justifies litre of milk to everyone Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñÇÝ
the ~ Üå³ï³ÏÁ ³ñ¹³ñ³óÝáõÙ ¿ ÙÇçáó- Ù»Ï³Ï³Ý ÉÇïñ ϳà μ³Å³Ý»É. ~ up ѳٳ-
Ý»ñÁ. There is no ~ àã ÙÇ ÙÇçáó ãϳ. by some å³ï³Ë³Ý»É, ³ñ¹³ñ³óÝ»É. He doesn’t ~
~ or other ³Ûë ϳ٠³ÛÝ Ó¨áí. (¹ñ³Ù³Ï³Ý) up the job ܳ ³Ûë ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇÝ ãÇ Ñ³Ù³-
ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ a man of ~ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ áõÝ»óáÕ å³ï³ë˳ÝáõÙ£
Ù³ñ¹. live beyond one’s ~ áõÝ»ó³Í ÙÇçáóÝ»- measured [΄meзəd] a ã³÷í³Í, éÇÃÙÇÏ, ѳ-
ñÇó ³í»É ͳËë»É, ßé³ÛÉ ³åñ»É. have no ~ Ù³ã³÷. at a ~ pace ѳٳã³÷ ù³ÛÉ»ñáí. in
of support ³åñáõëïÇ ÙÇçáó ãáõݻݳÉ. ~ test ~ tones ½áõëå ïáÝáí. a ~ reply Ùï³Íí³Í
»Ï³ÙïÇ ëïáõ·áõÙ: å³ï³ë˳Ý:
meantime [‚mi:n΄taim], meanwhile measureless [΄meзələs] a ³Ýã³÷, ³Ýë³Ñ-
[΄mi:nwail] adv ÙǨÝáõÛÝ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï, ÝáõÛÝ Ù³Ý.
ÙÇçáóÇÝ (ݳ¨ in the meantime): measurement [΄meзəmənt] n ã³÷. ~s ã³÷-
measles [΄mi:zlz] n ϳñÙñáõÏ. German ~ ë»ñ. system of ~ ã³÷»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·. uro-
ϳñÙñ³Ëï: logical ~ áõéáÉá·Ç³Ï³Ý ѻﳽáïáõÃÛáõÝ:
measly [΄mi:zli] a ËëÏó. Ë»Õ×, ËÕ×áõÏ. a~ measuring [΄meзəriŋ] n ã³÷áõÙ. ~ glass ã³-
present ËÕ×áõÏ Ýí»ñ. What a ~ helping ! ƯÝã ÷³ÝáÃ. ~ tape ã³÷³Å³å³í»Ý:
ËÕ×áõÏ μ³ÅÇÝ ¿ (ÑÛáõñ³ëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ): meat [mi:t] n (ݳ¨ butcher’s ~) ÙÇë. raw/fro-
measurable [΄meзərəbl] a ã³÷»ÉÇ, ã³÷³- zen/lean/fat ~ ÑáõÙ/ë³é»óí³Í/ÝÇѳñ/ÛáõÕáï
íáñ: ÙÇë. beat up /cook/roast/boil ~ ͻͻÉ/ å³ï-
measurably [΄meзərəbli] adv ã³÷³íáñ ñ³ëï»É/ï³å³Ï»É/»÷»É ÙÇëÁ. tender/soft /
Ï»ñåáí: tough ~ Ýáõñμ/÷³÷áõÏ/Ïáßï(»÷³Í) ÙÇë.
measure [΄meзə] n ã³÷. »ñÅß. ï³Ïï, ã³÷. His work is ~ and drink to him ²ß˳ï³ÝùÁ
cubic/square/metric ~ Ëáñ³Ý³ñ¹/ù³é³Ïáõ- Ýñ³ ѳٳñ ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã ¿. ~ pie Ùëáí ϳñ-
ëÇ/Ù»ïñ³Ï³Ý ã³÷. dry ~s ëáñáõÝ Ù³ñÙÇÝ- ϳݹ³Ï. ~ soup Ùëáí ³åáõñ. ~ balls
Ý»ñÇ ã³÷. linear/long ~ »ñϳñáõÃÛ³Ý ã³- Ù볷ݹÇÏ, ÏáÉáɳÏ:
÷»ñ. severe ~s ËÇëï ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ. short/full ~s meat-chopper [΄mi:t‚t∫ɒpə], meat-grin-
meaty 513 meet

der [΄mi:t‚grəində] n Ùë³Õ³ó£ nation μÅßÏ³Ï³Ý ëïáõ·áõÙ ³ÝóÝ»É. ~ re-


meaty [΄mi:ti] a Ùëáï. ÷Ëμ. μáí³Ý¹³Ï³- cord/card ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛ³Ý å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ,
ÉÇó. a ~ lecture ß³ï μáí³Ý¹³Ï³ÉÇó ¹³ë³- μÅßÏ³Ï³Ý ù³ñï. the ~ profession μÅÇßÏÝ»ñ.
ËáëáõÃÛáõÝ: ~ officer μáõÅͳé³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý ëå³. ~ treatment
mechanic [mi΄kænik] n ٻ˳ÝÇÏ. motor ~ μáõÅáõÙ. ~ evidence μÅßÏ³Ï³Ý ³å³óáõÛó.
³íïáٻ˳ÝÇÏ: army ~ corps é³½Ù³μÅßÏ³Ï³Ý Í³é³Ûáõ-
mechanical [mi΄kænikl] a Ù»ù»Ý³Û³Ï³Ý, ÃÛáõÝ. ~ practitioner ·áñÍáÕ μÅÇßÏ. ~ secrecy
ٻ˳ÝÇϳϳÝ. ~ engineer ÇÝŻݻñ ٻ˳- μÅßÏ³Ï³Ý ·³ÕïÝÇù:
ÝÇÏ. ~ engineering Ù»ù»Ý³ßÇÝáõÃÛáõÝ: medicament [mə΄dikəmənt] n ¹»Õ:
mechanically [mi΄kænikli] adv Ù»ù»Ý³- medicate [΄medikeit] v μáõÅ»É (¹»Õ»ñáí):
Ûáñ»Ý, Ù»ù»Ý³μ³ñ, ÇÝùݳμ»ñ³μ³ñ: medicinal [mə΄disnl] a ¹»ÕÇ, ¹»Õáñ³Ûù³-
mechanics [mi΄kæniks] n ٻ˳ÝÇϳ: ÛÇÝ. μáõÅÇã, ³ÙáùÇã. ~ springs/herbs μáõÅÇã
mechanization [‚mekənai΄zei∫n] n Ù»ù»Ý³- çñ»ñ/¹»Õ³μáõÛë»ñ. for ~ purposes μáõÅÇã
Û³óáõÙ: Ýå³ï³ÏÝ»ñáí:
mechanize [΄mekənaiz] v Ù»ù»Ý³Û³óÝ»É. medicine [΄meds(ə)n] n μÅßÏáõÃÛáõÝ ¹»Õ.
practice ~ áñå»ë μÅÇßÏ ³ß˳ï»É. compre-
~d transport ³íïáïñ³Ýëåáñï:
hensive ~ ÁݹѳÝáõñ μÅßÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ for a
medal [΄medl] n Ù»¹³É, ßù³Ýß³Ý. award a ~
cough ѳ½Ç ¹»Õ. ~ box/chest ¹»Õ³ñÏÕ. ~ -
Ù»¹³Éáí å³ñ·¨³ïñ»É. win a ~ Ù»¹³É ß³-
man ϳ˳ñ¹-μÅÇßÏ, Ñ»ùÇÙ:
Ñ»É. long-service ~ ßù³Ýß³Ý »ñϳñ³ï¨ ͳ-
é³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ:
medieval [‚medi΄i:vl] a ÙÇçݳ¹³ñÛ³Ý:
medallion [mə΄dæliən] n Ù»¹³ÉÇáÝ: mediocre [‚mi:di΄əukə] a ÙÇç³Ï, ëáíáñ³-
ϳÝ:
media [΄mi:diə] n Éñ³ïí³Ï³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ. mediocrity [‚mi:di΄ɒkrəti] n ÙÇç³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
»Õ³Ý³ÏÝ»ñ, áõÕÇÝ»ñ:
meditate [΄mediteit] v ËáñÑ»É, Ùï³Í»É.
mediation [‚mi:di΄ei∫n] n ÙÇçÝáñ¹áõÃÛáõÝ, ÝÛáõûÉ, ¹³í»É. ~ revenge íñ»Å ¹³í»É. ~ on
ÙÇç³ÙïáõÃÛáõÝ Ñ³ßïáõÃÛ³Ý Ýå³ï³Ïáí.
smth ËáñÑ»É/Ùï³Í»É ÙÇ μ³ÝÇ Ù³ëÇÝ:
~ board ѳßï³ñ³ñ ËáñÑáõñ¹/ѳÝÓݳÅá-
meditation [‚medi΄tei∫n] n ËáñÑñ¹³ÍáõÙ,
Õáí:
ÙïáñáõÙ. Ùï³ë¨»éáõÙ, ѳۻóáõÃÛáõÝ. deep
meddle [΄medl] v ˳éÝí»É, ÙÇç³Ùï»É. in ~ ÙïáñáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ù»ç Ëáñ³ëáõ½í³Í:
Don’t ~ in my affairs ØÇ° ˳éÝíÇñ ÇÙ meditative [΄meditətiv] a ËáñÑáÕ, Ùï³ËáÑ.
·áñÍ»ñÇÝ.: ѳۻó³Ï³Ý, »ñ³½Ïáï:
meddler [΄medlə] n áõñÇßÇ ·áñÍ»ñÇÝ mediterranean [‚meditə΄reiniən] a ÙÇç»ñÏ-
˳éÝíáÕ: ñ³Ï³Ý, ÙÇç»ñÏñÛ³. the M~ coast ØÇç»ñÏñ³-
meddlesome [΄medlsəm] a ùÇÃÁ ³Ù»Ý ï»Õ ϳÝÇ ³÷Á. the M~ ØÇç»ñÏñ³Ï³Ý ÍáíÁ:
ËáÃáÕ. a ~ old woman ÏåãáõÝ å³é³í: medium [΄mi:diəm] n ýǽ., Ï»Ýë. ÙÇç³-
medial [΄mi:diəl] a ÙÇçÇÝ, Ù»çï»ÕÇ, ÙÇç³- í³Ûñ, ßñç³å³ï. through/by the ~ of ÙÇçá-
ϳ: óáí. the ~ of communication ½³Ý·í³Í³ÛÇÝ
median [΄mi:diən]1. n Ù³Ã. ÙÇçݳ·ÇÍ. 2. a Éñ³ïíáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ. the happy ~ áëÏ»
ÙÇçÇÝ: ÙÇçÇÝÁ. ~s ᷻ѳñó, á·»ÙÇçÝáñ¹. Ù»¹ÇáõÙ:
mediate [΄mi:diit] a ÙÇçÝáñ¹»É, ÙÇçÝáñ¹ ÉÇ- medium [΄mi:diəm] a ÙÇçÇÝ, ÙÇç³Ï. of ~
Ý»É. ÙÇç³Ùï»É. ~` in a dispute í»×ÇÝ ÙÇçÝáñ- height ÙÇçÇÝ μ³ñÓñáõÃÛ³Ý. ~ wave band
¹»É/ÙÇç³Ùï»É: é³¹. ÙÇçÇÝ ³ÉÇùÝ»ñÇ ¹Ç³å³½áÝ:
mediation [‚mi:di΄ei∫n] n ÙÇçÝáñ¹áõÃÛáõÝ, medley [΄medli] n ˳éÝáõñ¹, ÷Ëμ. ßÇɳ-
ÙÇç³ÙïáõÃÛáõÝ: ÷ɳí. ˳éÁ, ˳éÝÇËáõéÝ:
mediator [΄mi:dieitə] n ÙÇçÝáñ¹, ѳßï³- meed [mi:d] n μÝëï. å³ñ·¨:
ñ³ñ: meek [mi:k] a Ñ»½³Ñ³ÙμáõÛñ, Ñ»½, ËáݳñÑ:
medical [΄medikl] n ËëÏó. áõë³ÝáÕ-μÅÇßÏ: meekness [΄mi:knəs] n Ù»ÕÙáõÃÛáõÝ, Ñ»½áõ-
medical [΄medikl] a μÅßϳϳÝ. ~ atten- ÃÛáõÝ:
tion/care μÅßÏ³Ï³Ý ëå³ë³ñÏáõÙ. ~ check meet [mi:t] n ѳݹÇåáõÙ. ѳݹÇåÙ³Ý
up μÅßÏ³Ï³Ý ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. have a ~ exami- í³Ûñ. tracks/athletic ~ Ùñ½. ûè ³ïÉ»ïÇ-
meet 514 memorable

ϳÛÇ ÙñóáõÙÝ»ñ: ñ³Ëáë:


meet [mi:t] v ѳݹÇå»É, å³ï³Ñ»É, ¹ÇÙ³- mellow [΄meləu] a ÑÛáõûÕ, ù³Õóñ, ѳëáõÝ.
íáñ»É. ~ by chance/unexpectedly å³ï³Ñ³- ~ wine Ñݳóñ³Í ·ÇÝÇ. ~ land μ»ññÇ/å³-
μ³ñ/³Ýëå³ë»ÉÇ Ñ³Ý¹Çå»É. He wouldn’t ~ ñ³ñï ÑáÕ. ~ voice ÑÝãáõÝ/ÑÛáõÃ»Õ Ó³ÛÝ. ~
my eye Êáõë³÷áõÙ ¿ñ ³ãù»ñÇë ݳۻÉ. ~ colours Ù»ÕÙ ·áõÛÝ»ñ. ~ with age ÷Ëμ. ï³-
smb halfway Ù»ÏÇÝ Áݹ³é³ç ·Ý³É. (ѳݹÇ- ñÇùÇ Ñ»ï ³í»ÉÇ Ù»ÕÙ³ó³Í:
å»É, ¹ÇÙ³íáñ»É) ~ at the station ϳ۳ñ³- mellowness [΄meləunəs] n μ³ñ»ëñïáõÃÛáõÝ,
ÝáõÙ ¹ÇÙ³íáñ»É. The guide met us at the hotel. μ³ñ»Ñá·áõÃÛáõÝ:
¾ùëÏáõñë³í³ñÁ Ù»½ ¹ÇÙ³íáñ»ó ÑÛáõñ³Ýá- melodious [mə΄ləudiəs] a μ³ñ»ÑÝãÛáõÝ,
óáõÙ. (ͳÝáóݳÉ, ׳ݳã»É) ~ my brother ù³Õóñ³Éáõñ:
̳Ýáóó»ù »Õμáñë Ñ»ï. Pleased to ~ you melodrama [΄melə‚dra:mə] n Ù»Éá¹ñ³Ù³,
àõñ³Ë »Ù Ó»½ Ñ»ï ͳÝáóݳÉ. (μ³í³ñ³- óï»ñ³Ë³Õ:
ñ»É, ѳٳå³ï³ë˳ݻÉ) ~ demands/requi- melody [΄melədi] n Ù»Õ»¹Ç, »Õ³Ý³Ï:
rements å³Ñ³ÝçÝ»ñÁ μ³í³ñ³ñ»É. ~ the cri- melon [΄melən] n ë»Ë. water ~ ÓÙ»ñáõÏ. ripe/
teria ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ë˳ݻÉ. juicy ~ ѳë³Í/ÑÛáõÃ»Õ ë»Ë. slice of ~ ÙÇ
~ smb’s wishes μ³í³ñ³ñ»É ó³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ- Ïïáñ ë»Ë:
Ý»ñÁ. ~ expenses ͳËë»ñÁ /ѳßÇíÁ í׳- melt [melt] n Ñ³É³Í Ù»ï³Õ, ѳÉí³Íù:
ñ»É/÷³Ï»É. ~ a challenge (Ù³ñï³)Ññ³í»ñÝ melt [melt] v (ݳ¨ ~ down) ѳÉ(í)»É. ÉáõÍí»É.
ÁݹáõÝ»É. ~ objections ³é³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ The snow ~ed ÒÛáõÝÁ ѳÉí»ó. ~ into rain ³ÝÓ-
å³ï³ë˳ݻÉ. (ѳݹÇå»É) The roads ~ ñ¨Ç í»ñ³Íí»É. ~ into tears ë³ëïÇÏ É³ó
ֳݳå³ñÑÝ»ñÁ ˳ãíáõÙ »Ý. The society ~s ÉÇÝ»É. (ÃáõɳݳÉ, Ù»ÕٳݳÉ) His heart ~ed
once a months ÀÝÏ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÅáÕáíÁ ³ÙÇëÁ with pity ÷Ëμ. êÇñïÁ ËÕ׳ѳñáõÃÛ³Ùμ
Ù»Ï ³Ý·³Ù ¿. When does the council ~ ? º±ñμ Éóí»ó. Money ~s away öáÕ»ñÁ ѳÉíáõÙ »Ý.
¿ ËáñÑñ¹Ç ѳݹÇåáõÙÁ. The teams ~ in the The fog ~ed away سé³ËáõÕÁ óñí»ó£
final Ùñ½. ÂÇÙ»ñÁ ѳݹÇåáõÙ »Ý í»ñçݳ- melting [΄meltiŋ] n ѳÉáõÙ, ѳɻóáõÙ. ~ point
˳ÕáõÙ. ~ with ѳݹÇå»É. ~ with difficulties ѳɻóÙ³Ý Ï»ï:
¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ý¹Çå»É. make both member [΄membə] n ³Ý¹³Ù, å³ï·³Ù³-
ends ~ ͳÛñÁ ͳÛñÇÝ Ñ³ëóÝ»É: íáñ, ËáñÑñ¹³ïáõ. be a ~ of ³Ý¹³Ù ÉÇÝ»É. ~
meeting [΄mi:tiŋ] n ÅáÕáí, ѳݹÇåáõÙ, of a family/party ÁÝï³ÝÇùÇ/Ïáõë³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý
ѳÝñ³Ñ³í³ù, ÙÇïÇÝ·. annual/general ~ ³Ý¹³Ù. M~ of Parliament ä³éɳٻÝïÇ
ï³ñ»Ï³Ý/ÁݹѳÝáõñ ÅáÕáí. hold a ~ Åá- ³Ý¹³Ù. a full ~ ÉÇÇñ³í ³Ý¹³Ù. ~ of the
Õáí ³ÝóϳóÝ»É. call/convene a ~ ÅáÕáí public ѳÝñáõÃÛ³Ý Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇã. a ~
Ññ³íÇñ»É. public ~ ѳÝñ³ÛÇÝ ÅáÕáí. faculty country of the UN زÎ-Ç ³Ý¹³Ù »ñÏÇñ. ~
~ ³ÙμÇáÝÇ ÝÇëï. creditor’s ~ å³ñï³- state ³Ý¹³Ù å»ïáõÃÛáõÝ. unruly ~ ËëÏó.,
ï»ñ»ñÇ ÅáÕáí. race ~ Ùñ½. Ódzñß³í. athlet- ÏïÏ. É»½áõÝ:
ics’ ~ ûè ³ïÉ»ïÇϳÛÇ ÙñóáõÙÝ»ñ: membership [΄membə∫ip] n ³Ý¹³ÙáõÃÛáõÝ,
mega [΄megə] n Ù»Ï ÙÇÉÇáÝ. ~ star Ù»·³- ³Ý¹³Ù³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ý¹³ÙÝ»ñÇ Ï³½ÙÁ/ ÃÇ-
³ëïÕ (Ù»Ï ÙÇÉÇáÝ ³ëïÕ»ñ): íÁ. apply for ~ ³Ý¹³ÙáõÃÛ³Ý ¹ÇÙáõÙ ï³É. ~
megaphone [΄megəfəun] n Ëáë³÷áÕ: fee/card ³Ý¹³Ù³í׳ñ, ³Ý¹³Ù³ïáÙë:
megalomania [‚megələu΄meiniə] n í»Ñáõ- membrane [΄membrein] n ϽÙË. óճÝÃ,
ÃÛ³Ý ÙáÉáõóù: Ýñμ³Ù³ßÏ. ï»Ë. Ù»Ùμñ³Ý:
melancholic [‚melən΄kɒlik] a ٻɳٳÕÓáï, membranous [΄membrənəs] a óճÝó-
ïËáõñ, ïñïáõÙ, óËÍáï: íáñ, óճÝóå³ï:
melancholy [΄melənkəli] n, a ٻɳٳÕÓáõ- memento [mə΄mentəu] n ÑÇß»óáõÙ. Ñáõß³-
ÃÛáõÝ, óËÇÍ. ٻɳٳÕÓáï, Ùé³ÛÉ: ÝÇß, Ñáõß³Ýí»ñ. Take it as a ~ ì»ñóñáõ
meliorate [΄mi:liəreit] v μ³ñíáù(í)»É, μ³- áñå»ë Ñáõß³Ýí»ñ:
ñ»É³í»É. ·Õï. Ù»ÉÇáñ³óÝ»É. μ³ñ»É³í»É memoir [΄memwa:] n Ñáõß»ñ. (ÇÝùݳ)Ï»Ý-
(ÑáÕÁ): ë³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~s ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ:
mellifluous [mə΄lifluəs] a Ù»Õñ³Íáñ, Ù»Õ- memorable [΄memərəbl] a ³ÝÙáé³Ý³ÉÇ,
memorandum 515 mental

ÑÇß³ñųÝ. ³ñųݳÑÇß³ï³Ï: menace [΄menəs] v ëå³éݳÉ. The regions are


memorandum [‚memə΄rændəm] n (Ïñ×. ~d by flood/famine ²Ûë ßñç³ÝÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ»Õ»Õ/
memo) Ñáõ߳ûñÃÇÏ. explanatory ~ μ³ó³ï- ëáí ¿ ëå³éÝáõÙ:
ñ³·Çñ, ½»Ïáõó³·Çñ. ¹íÝ·. Ñáõß³·Çñ, Ù»- menagerie [mi΄nædзəri] n ·³½³Ý³Ýáó:
Ùáñ³Ý¹áõÙ. official ~ å³ßïáÝ³Ï³Ý Ñáõ- mend [mend] n ϳñϳï³Ý. on the ~ ¹»åÇ
ß³·Çñ. (ÑÇÙݳ¹ñ³·Çñ) ~ of association ÁÝ- ɳí³óáõÙ/ ɳíÁ:
Ï»ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÑÇÙݳ·Çñ. send in a ~ ½»Ïáõó³- mend [mend] v Ýáñá·»É, ϳñ·Ç μ»ñ»É, ϳñ-
·Çñ áõÕ³ñÏ»É. ~ of agreement ѳٳӳÛÝáõ- ϳï»É. ~ clothes/a watch/shoes ѳ·áõëïÁ
ÃÛ³Ý Ñáõß³·Çñ: Ýáñá·»É. ÏáßÇÏÝ»ñÁ í»ñ³Ýáñá·»É. ųٳ-
memorial [mə΄mɔ:riəl] n Ñáõß³ñÓ³Ý, Ñáõ- óáõÛóÁ í»ñ³Ýáñá·»É/ϳñ·Ç μ»ñ»É. ~ socks/
ß³ï³Ëï³Ï. Ñáõ߳ѳٳÉÇñ. ~- monument stockings ·áõÉå³Ý»ñÁ/ÏÇë³·áõÉå³Ý»ñÁ
Ñáõß³ÏáÃáÕ. war ~ å³ï»ñ³½ÙÇ ½áÑ»ñÇ Ï³ñϳï»É/Ýáñá·»É. ~ a TV set/water pipe
Ñáõß³ñÓ³Ý. erect a ~ Ñáõß³ñÓ³Ý Ï³Ý·- í»ñ³Ýáñá·»É Ñ»éáõëï³óáõÛóÁ/çñÇ ËáÕá-
Ý»óÝ»É: í³ÏÁ. ~ one’s ways/manner ÷Ëμ. áõÕÕí»É,
memorial [mə΄mɔ:riəl] a ÑÇß³ñųÝ, ÑÇß³- ûñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó ³½³ïí»É.This won’t ~
ï³ÏÇ. ~ plaque Ñáõß³ï³Ëï³Ï. ~ service matters ¸ñ³Ýáí ·áñÍÇÝ ã»ë û·ÝÇ. ~ one’s
ù³Õ³ù³óÇ³Ï³Ý Ñ᷻ѳݷÇëï: health ³éáÕç³Ý³É. ~ the fire Ïñ³ÏÁ í³é
memorize [΄meməraiz] v ÑÇß»É, ÙïùáõÙ å³Ñ»É. It’s never too late to ~ ºñμ»ù áõß ã¿
å³Ñ»É. ³Ý·Çñ ³Ý»É. ѳí»ñųóÝ»É, ³ÝÙ³- áõÕÕí»É/ ûñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó ³½³ïí»É:
ѳóÝ»É: mendacious [men΄dei∫əs] a ëáõï, Ï»ÕÍ:
memory [΄meməri] n ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, Ñáõß. ÑÇ- mender [΄mendə] n Ýáñá·áÕ, í»ñ³Ýáñá·áÕ
ß³ï³Ï. extraordinary/poor/visual/for faces ~ í³ñå»ï:
³ñï³Ï³ñ·/í³ï/ï»ëáÕ³Ï³Ý ÑÇßáÕáõ- mending [΄mendiŋ] n ϳñϳïáõÙ, í»ñ³Ýá-
ÃÛáõÝ. ¹»Ùù»ñÇ ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. develop/strain/ ñá·áõÙ. invisible ~ ·»Õ³ñí»ëï³Ï³Ý Ýáñá-
overburden ~ ½³ñ·³óÝ»É/ɳñ»É/·»ñͳÝñ³- ·áõÙ/ϳñϳïáõÙ:
μ»éÝ»É ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ slip/escape from one’s menfolk [΄menfəuk] n ïÕ³Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ:
~ ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝÇó íñÇå»É/Ùáé³óí»É/ÙïùÇó menial [΄mi:niəl] n, a ͳé³, ɳù»Û (ݳ¨
ÁÝÏÝ»É. bear/keep in ~ ÑÇß»É, ÙïùáõÙ å³Ñ»É. ÷Ëμ.) ͳé³Û³Ï³Ý, ëïñϳÙÇï. help with ~
speaking from ~ áñù³Ýáí ÑÇßáõÙ »Ù. in ~ of Ç tasks û·Ý»É ïݳÛÇÝ ·áñÍ»ñáõÙ:
ÑÇß³ï³Ï. jog one’s ~ ÑÇᯐ ï³É. within the men-of-war [‚menəv΄vɔ:] pl (»½. man-of-
~ of men, within (living) ~ Ý»ñϳ ë»ñÝ¹Ç ÑÇ- war) 鳽ٳݳí. é³½Ù³Ï³Ý Ý³í³ë-
ßáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç. if my ~ doesn’t fail me áñù³- ïÇÝ»ñ:
Ýáí ÑÇßáõÙ »Ù, »Ã» ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝë ÇÝÓ ãÇ menopause [΄menəupɔ:z] n ¹³ßï³Ý³-
¹³í³×³ÝáõÙ. ~s ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ, Ñáõß»ñ. ¹³¹³ñ:
~s of childhood Ù³ÝÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ñáõß»ñ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ mental [΄mentl] a Ùï³íáñ, Ñ᷻ϳÝ. ~
allocation ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛ³Ý μ³ßËáõÙ. ~ array ÑÇ- work/ability/strain Ùï³íáñ ³ß˳ï³Ýù/áõ-
ßáÕáõÃÛ³Ý ïÇñáõÛÃ. ~ capacity ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ/ɳñáõÙ. (ÙïùáõÙ å³ïÏ»-
ͳí³É. ~ hierarchy ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛ³Ý ÑÇ»ñ³ñ- ñ³óíáÕ) ~ image Ùï³íáñ å³ïÏ»ñ. ~ arith-
Ëdz. ~ management ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Õ»Ï³í³- metic ѳßÇí ÙïùáõÙ. make a ~ note of smth
ñáõÙ. ~ management unit ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛ³Ý ÙïùáõÙ Ýß»É. (Ñá·»μ³Ý³Ï³Ý, Ñ᷻ϳÝ) ~
ջϳí³ñÙ³Ý ë³ñù/ ¹Çëå»ïã»ñ. ~ map ÑÇ- deficiency Ñ᷻ϳÝ/Ùï³íáñ Ñ»ï³Ùݳóáõ-
ßáÕáõÃÛ³Ý ï»Õ³μ³ßËÙ³Ý ë˻ٳ. ~ page ÃÛáõÝ. ~ illness Ñá·»Ï³Ý ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝ. a ~
ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛ³Ý ¿ç: patient/case Ñá·»Ï³Ý ÑÇí³Ý¹. a ~ case
menace [΄menəs] n ëå³éݳÉÇù. nuclear ~ Ñá·»Ï³Ý ÑÇí³Ý¹. He’s ~ ËëÏó. ܳ Ñá-
ÙÇçáõϳÛÇÝ ëå³éݳÉÇù. ~ of war å³ï»- ·»Ï³Ý ÑÇí³Ý¹ ¿. ~ hospital/home Ñá·»μáõ-
ñ³½ÙÇ íï³Ý·. standing ~ Ùßï³Ï³Ý ëå³é- ųñ³Ý. ~ specialist Ñá·»μáõÛÅ. ~ skills Ñá·»-
ݳÉÇù. He’s a ~ at the wheel Ô»ÏÇ Ùáï ݳ μ³Ý³Ï³Ý Ý»ñáõÅ. ~ test Ñá·»μ³Ý³Ï³Ý
íï³Ý·³íáñ ¿. Üñ³Ý ãÇ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ Õ»Ï íëï³- ÷áñÓ. ~ training Ñá·»μ³Ý³Ï³Ý å³ïñ³ë-
Ñ»É. That child is a ~ ²Û¹ »ñ»Ë³Ý å³ïÇÅ ¿: ïáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ incapacity Ùï³íáñ ³Ýϳñá-
mentality 516 merman

ÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ violence Ñá·»Ï³Ý μéÝáõÃÛáõÝ: mercurial [mə:΄kjuəriəl] n ëݹÇϳÛÇÝ,


mentality [men΄tæləti] n Ë»ÉùÇ Ï»ñïí³Íù. ëݹÇÏ å³ñáõݳÏáÕ. ³ßËáõÛÅ, ³ñ³·³-
Ùï³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ. Ùï³ÍáÕ³Ï³Ý ÁݹáõݳÏáõ- ß³ñÅ:
ÃÛáõÝ. ÇÝï»É»Ïï. low ~ Ùï³íáñ Ñ»- mercury [΄mə:kjuri] n, a ëݹÇÏ. ëݹÇϳÛÇÝ,
ï³Ùݳó ³ÝÓ. I don’t understand his ~ ëݹÇÏÇ:
Üñ³ Ùï³Í»É³Ï»ñåÁ ã»Ù ÁÝϳÉáõÙ/ѳë- merc/y [΄mə:si] n ·Ã³ëñïáõÃÛáõÝ, ·Ãáõ-
ϳÝáõÙ: ÃÛáõÝ. ϳñ»Ïó³Ýù, ÃnÕáõÃÛáõÝ. Çñ³í. Ý»-
mentally [΄mentəli] adv ÙïáíÇ, Ùïùáí: ñáõÙ. act of ~ ·ÃáõÃÛ³Ý ³Ïï/·áñÍ. sisters of
menthol [΄menθɒl] n ùÇÙ. Ù»ÝÃáÉ: ~ ·ÃáõÃÛ³Ý ùáõÛñ»ñ. ~ killing ¿íóݳ½Ç³.
mention [΄men∫n] n ÑÇß³ï³ÏáõÙ, ³ÏݳñÏ, works of ~ μ³ñ»·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ. cry/beg/plead
ÝßáõÙ. No ~ was made àã ÙÇ Ëáëù ã³ëí»ó: for ~ ·ÃáõÃÛáõÝ Ñ³Ûó»É. at the ~ of ϳÙùÇÝ/
mention [΄men∫n] v ÑÇß³ï³Ï»É, ÑÇß»É, Ýß»É. ·Ã³ëñïáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ÃáÕÝí³Í. show ~ ·Ã³-
~ smb in a letter Ù»ÏÇÝ Ý³Ù³ÏáõÙ ÑÇß³ï³- ëñïáõÃÛáõÝ/Ý»ñáÕ³ÙïáõÃÛáõÝ óáõó³μ»ñ»É.
Ï»É. His name was ~ed Üñ³ ³ÝáõÝÁ Ýßí»ó. Have ~! ¶Ã³ó»ù, Êݳۻù. M~ on us! ²ëï-
He never ~ed it ܳ ³Û¹ Ù³ëÇÝ ÝáõÛÝÇëÏ í³Í ÇÙ. small ~ies ÷áùñ ßÝáñÑÝ»ñ. preroga-
ãÑÇß»ó. Don’t ~ it â³ñÅ» (thank you-ÇÝ å³- tive of ~ Ý»ñÙ³Ý μ³ó³éÇÏ Çñ³íáõÝù:
ï³ë˳Ý). I’ll ~ it to her ºë Ýñ³Ý ÏÑÇß»óݻ٠mere [miə] a μ³ó³ñÓ³Ï, ½áõï, ϳï³ñÛ³É,
³Û¹ Ù³ëÇÝ. not to ~ ÙÇ ÏáÕÙ ÃáÕÝ»Éáí, ¿É ëáëÏ. ~ accident μ³ó³ñÓ³Ï å³ï³Ñ³Ï³-
ã³ë³Í: ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. She is a ~ child ܳ ϳï³ñÛ³É »ñ»-
mentor [΄mentɔ:] n ¹³ëïdzñ³Ï, áõëáõóÇã. ˳ ¿. That’s a ~ prejudice ¸³ å³ñ½³å»ë
Ëñ³ïáÕ, Ù»Ýïáñ: ݳ˳å³ß³ñÙáõÝù ¿. by ~ chance, the ~st
menu [΄menju:] n ׳߳óáõó³Ï, ׳߳ó³ÝÏ, chance ½áõï å³ï³Ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý å³ï׳-
Ï»ñ³Ïñ³ó³ÝÏ£ éáí. the ~ thought of it ÙdzÛÝ ÙÇïùÁ ³Û¹ Ù³-
mercantile [΄mə:kəntail] a ³é¨ïñ³Ï³Ý, ëÇÝ. a ~ trifle ëáëÏ Ù³Ýñáõù. It’s ~ guessing
í³×³é³Ï³Ý³Ï³Ý. ~ law ³é¨ïñ³ÛÇÝ ¸³ å³ñ½³å»ë »Ýó¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ¿:
Çñ³íáõÝù: merely [΄miəli] adv å³ñ½³å»ë, ÉáÏ, ÙdzÛÝ.
mercenary [΄mə:snəri] n í³ñÓÏ³Ý (ûï³ñ- He ~ said ܳ ÙdzÛÝ/å³ñ½³å»ë ³ë³ó:
³½·Ç) ½ÇÝíáñ: merge [mə:dз] v ÓáõÉ(í)»É, Ùdz˳éÝí»É,
mercenary [΄mə:snəri] a í³ñÓí³Í, í³ñÓ- ÙdzݳÉ. ~ two companies ÙdzóÝ»É »ñÏáõ
ϳÝ. ߳ѳ¹Çï³Ï³Ý. ߳ѳë»ñ, ߳ѳÙáÉ. ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ. The rivers ~ here ¶»ï»ñÁ
from ~ motive ߳ѳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝÇó ¹ñ¹í³Í. Ùdz˳éÝíáõÙ »Ý ³Ûëï»Õ:
~ marriage ѳßí»Ýϳï/ѳßí³ñÏáí ³Ùáõë- merger [΄mə:dзə] n ÙdzóáõÙ, ÓáõÉáõÙ, Ùdz-
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: íáñáõÙ. corporate ~ ÙdzíáñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ÓáõÉáõÙ:
merchandise [΄mə:t∫əndaiz] n ³åñ³Ýù, meridian [mə΄ridiən] n ÙÇçûñ»³Ï³Ý. ÙÇçû-
³é¨ïáõñ. stolen ~ ·áÕ³óí³Í ³åñ³Ýù, ñ», Ï»ëûñ:
·áÕáõÝ: meringue [mə΄ræŋ] n μ»½» (ÃËí³Íù):
merchant [΄mə:t∫ənt] n ³é¨ïñ³Ï³Ý, í³- merino [mə΄ri:nəu] n Ù»ñÇÝáë (ݳ¨ μáõñ¹Á)£
׳é³Ï³Ý. wine/tea ~ ·ÇÝáõ/ûÛÇ ³é¨ïñ³- merit [΄merit] n ³ñųÝÇù. í³ëï³Ï, ͳé³-
ϳÝ. speed ~ ³Ýϳñ·/˳μ»μ³ (ù۳ɳ- ÛáõÃÛáõÝ appreciate/belittle ~ ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É/Ýë»-
·Ûá½) í³ñáñ¹: Ù³óÝ»É ³ñųÝÇùÝ»ñÁ. artistic ~s ·»Õ³ñ-
merchant [΄mə:t∫ənt] a ³é¨ïñ³Ï³Ý/³é¨ï- í»ëï³Ï³Ý ³ñųÝÇùÝ»ñ. an award for ~
ñ³ÛÇÝ. ~ bank ³é¨ïñ³Ï³Ý μ³ÝÏ. ~ navy å³ñ·¨ ³ñųÝÇùÝ»ñÇ/í³ëï³ÏÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ.
³é¨ïñ³Ï³Ý ݳí³ïáñÙ. ~ vessel ³é¨ï- treat smth on its ~s ·áñÍÁ Áëï ¿áõÃÛ³Ý
ñ³Ï³Ý ݳí: ùÝݳñÏ»É. decision on the ~s Çñ³í. Áëï
merchantman [΄mə:t∫əntmən] n ³é¨ïñ³- ¿áõÃÛ³Ý Ï³ï³ñí³Í áñáßáõÙ:
Ï³Ý Ý³í: merit [΄merit] v ³ñųÝÇ ÉÇÝ»É:
merciful [΄mə:sifl] a μ³ñ»·áõÃ, ·Ã³ëÇñï: meritorious [‚meri΄tɔ:riəs] a ·áí³ë³ÝùÇ/
merciless [΄mə:siləs] a ³Ý·áõÃ, ³ÝáÕáñÙ. å³ñ·¨Ç ³ñųÝÇ. ·áí»ÉÇ:
ËÇëï: mermaid [΄mə:meid] n çñ³Ñ³ñë:
merrily 517 meteorology

merman [΄mə:mæn] n çñá·Ç, ïñÇïáÝ: γñá±Õ »ù Ýñ³Ý ѳÕáñ¹»É. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ block


merrily [΄merili] adv áõñ³Ë, ½í³ñÃ: ѳÕáñ¹³·ñáõÃÛ³Ý μÉáÏ. ~ box ѳÕáñ-
merriment [΄merimənt] n áõñ³ËáõÃÛáõÝ, ¹³·ñáõÃÛ³Ý å³ïáõѳÝ. ~ channel ѳÕáñ-
óÝÍáõÃÛáõÝ: ¹³·ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ï³Ý³É. ~ class ѳÕáñ-
merry [΄meri] a áõñ³Ë, ½í³ñÃ. ~ laugh/look ¹³·ñáõÃÛ³Ý ¹³ë. ~ header ѳÕáñ¹³·ñáõ-
áõñ³Ë ÍÇͳÕ. ½í³ñà ѳ۳óù. make ~ áõ- ÃÛ³Ý í»ñݳ·Çñ:
ñ³Ë³Ý³É, ½í³ñ׳ݳÉ. make ~ at/over ÍÇ- messenger [΄mesndзə] n μ³Ýμ»ñ, ÃÕó-
ͳջÉ, ͳÕñ»É. (ÏáÝͳÍ) be a bit ~ ÙÇ ùÇã ï³ñ, ëáõñѳݹ³Ï. é½Ù. ϳå³íáñ:
ÏáÝÍ³Í ÉÇÝ»É: mess-jacket [΄mes‚dзækit] n Íáí. ïáõÅáõñ-
merry-go-round [΄merigəu‚raund] n ϳ- ϳª ï³ñ³½³ÛÇÝ μ³×ÏáÝ£
ñáõë»É. messmate [΄mesmeit] n ë»Õ³Ý³ÏÇó, ׳ß-
merry-maker [΄meri‚meikə] n ½í³ñ׳- ÁÝÏ»ñ:
Ëáë, ϳï³Ï³μ³Ý, ½í³ñ׳ë»ñ Ù³ñ¹: Messrs [΄mesəz] n pl å³ñáݳÛù (ݳٳÏÝ»-
merry-making [΄meri‚meikiŋ] n áõñ³Ëáõ- ñáõ٠ջϳí³ñÝ»ñÇ ³ÝáõÝÝ»ñÇó ³é³ç):
ÃÛáõÝ, ËݹáõÃÛáõÝ. ïáݳËÙμáõÃÛáõÝ: messy [΄mesi] a ˳éݳß÷áÃ, Ï»Õïáï You ~
mesalliance [me΄zæliəns] n ³Ýѳí³ë³ñ child λÕïáï/÷ÝÃÇ »ñ»Ë³. It’s a ~ job ¸³
³ÙáõëÝáõÃÛáõÝ: Ï»Õïáï ·áñÍ ¿. ~ painting ˳éݳß÷áÃ
mesh [me∫] n μçÇç (ó³Ýó), ûÕ³Ï. ÷Ëμ. áõé- Ýϳñ:
ϳÝ, óϳñ¹: metabolism [mə΄tæbə‚liz(ə)m] n ÝÛáõó÷á-
meshy [΄me∫i] a ó³Ýó³íáñ, ͳÏ-ͳÏ: ˳ݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
mesmerism [΄mezm(ə)riz(ə)m] n ÑÇåÝáë³- metal [΄metl]1. n Ù»ï³Õ. ferrous ~ ë¨ Ù»-
óáõÙ, ÑÇåÝáëáõÙ, ÑÇåÝáë: ï³Õ. white ~ ëåÇï³Ï Ù»ï³Õ, ³ñÑ»ëï³-
mesmerize [΄mezməraiz] v ÑÇåÝáë³óÝ»É, Ï³Ý ³ñͳÃ. yellow ~ ³ñáõÛñ. all ~ Ùdzٻ-
ÑÇåÝáëÇ »ÝóñÏ»É. ÷Ëμ. ·ñ³í»É, ÑÙ³Û»É: ï³Õ, ³ÙμáÕç³Ù»ï³Õ. heavy ~ ͳÝñ
mess [mes] n ³Ýϳñ·áõÃÛáõÝ, ˳éݳß÷á- Ññ»ï³ÝÇ: 2. a Ù»ï³ÕÛ³:
ÃáõÃÛáõÝ. My desk is in a ~ ê»Õ³Ýë ˳éݳ- metallic [me΄tælik] a Ù»ï³Õ», Ù»ï³ÕÛ³. a
÷ÝÃáñ íÇ׳ÏáõÙ ¿. make a ~ ˳éݳ- ~ sound Ù»ï³Õ» Ó³ÛÝ:
ß÷áÃáõÃÛáõÝ ³é³ç³óÝ»É. unholy ~ ³Ñ³íáñ metallurgical [‚metə΄lə:dзikl] a Ù»ï³Õ³-
³Ýϳñ·áõÃÛáõÝ/ó÷Ã÷í³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. get into ·áñͳϳÝ:
a ~ ÷áñÓ³ÝùÇ Ù»ç ÁÝÏÝ»É. get out of a ~ metallurgy [me΄tælədзi] n Ù»ï³Õ³·áñ-
³Ý³ËáñÅáõÃÛáõÝÇó ¹áõñë ·³É. make a ~ of ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, Ù»ï³Éáõñ·Ç³:
one’s life Çñ ÏÛ³ÝùÁ ¹ÅáËù ¹³ñÓÝ»É. Their metamorphose [‚metə΄mɔ:fəuz] v Ï»ñå³-
marriage is in a ~ Üñ³Ýó ³ÙáõëÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ñ³Ý³÷áË»É, ÷á˳ϻñå»É:
íï³Ý·Ç ï³Ï ¿. (Ï»Õï) What a ~ are you in! metamorphosis [‚metə΄mɔ:fəsis] n Ï»ñ-
²Ñ³íá°ñ Ï»Õïáï »ë. The child made a ~ on å³ñ³Ý³÷áËáõÃÛáõÝ, ÷á˳ϻñåáõÃÛáõÝ:
the carpet ºñ»Ë³Ý Ï»Õïáï»É ¿ ϳñå»ïÁ: metaphor [΄metəfə] n ÷á˳μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
mess [mes] v ˳éݳß÷áà ³é³ç³óÝ»É. metaphorical [‚metə΄fɒrikl] a ÷á˳μ»ñ³-
Ï»Õïáï»É. ¶áñÍÁ ÷ã³óÝ»É. The weather ~ed ϳݣ
up all our plans ºÕ³Ý³ÏÁ ˳éÝ»ó Ù»ñ μáÉáñ metaphysics [‚metə΄fiziks] n μݳ½³Ýóáõ-
Íñ³·ñ»ñÁ/åɳÝÝ»ñÁ. He loves ~ing about in ÃÛáõÝ, Ù»ï³ýǽÇϳ:
the garden ܳ ëÇñáõÙ ¿ ³Û·áõÙ ÷áñ÷ñ»É: mete [mi:t] n ë³ÑÙ³Ý, ë³ÑٳݳÛÇÝ ëÛáõÝ:
mess [mes] n, v ÁݹѳÝáõñ ݳí³ë»ÝÛ³Ï/ meteor [΄mi:tiə] n û¹»ñ¨áõÛÃ, ³ëáõå, Ù»-
׳߳ñ³Ý. (μ³Ý³Ï, ݳí³ïáñÙ). The offi- ï»áñ:
cers ~ together êå³Ý»ñÁ ÙdzëÇÝ »Ý ׳ßáõÙ: meteoric [‚mi:ti΄ɒrik] a ³ëáõå³ÛÇÝ, ÙÃÝá-
message [΄mesidз] n ѳÕáñ¹³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ, Éáñï³ÛÇÝ, ÃéáõóÇÏ, ³ñ³·. a ~ career ·É˳-
ѳÕáñ¹áõÙ. ½»ÏáõÛó, áõÕ»ñÓ. ³é³ç³¹- åïáõÛï ϳñÇ»ñ³:
ñ³Ýù. transmit a ~ by radio é³¹ÇáÛáí ѳÕáñ- meteorite [΄mi:tiərait] n û¹³ù³ñ, »ñÏݳ-
¹áõÙ ï³É. leave a ~ for smn Ù»ÏÇÝ Ý³Ù³Ï/ ù³ñ, ³ëáõå:
»ñÏïáÕ ÃáÕÝ»É. Can you give him a ~? meteorology [‚mi:tiə΄rɒlədзi] n û¹»ñ¨áõÛ-
meter 518 middling

óμ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ÙÃÝáÉáñï³ÛÇÝ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ: mi [mi:] n »ñÅß. ‘ÙÇ’ Ó³ÛݳÝÇß:


meter [΄mi:tə] n ѳßíÇã, ã³÷Çã, ã³÷áÕ ·áñ- miaow [mi΄au] n, v Ùɳíáó. Ùɳí»É:
ÍÇù. gas/electric ~ ·³½³Ñ³ßíÇã, ¿É»Ïïñ³- mica [΄maikə] n ûñóù³ñ:
ѳßíÇã ~ reading ѳßíÇãÇ ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ: microbe [΄maikrəub] n Ù³Ýñ¿, ÙÇÏñáμ:
methane [΄mi:θein] n ùÇÙ. ٻóÝ, ׳Ñ׳- microbiology [‚maikrəubai΄ɒlədзi] n ÙÇÏñá-
·³½: Ï»Ýë³μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
method [΄meθəd] n Ù»Ãá¹, ÙÇçáó, »Õ³Ý³Ï. microcosm [΄maikrəukɒzəm] n ÙÇÏñáÏáë-
ѳٳϳñ·, ϳñ·. the latest ~ Ýáñ³·áõÛÝ Ùáë, ÷áùñ³Í³í³É μ³Ý:
Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñÁ: a man of ~ ×ßï³å³Ñ/ϳñ·³- microeconomics [‚maikrəui:kə΄nɒmiks] n
å³Ñ Ù³ñ¹: ÙÇÏñáïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ:
methodical [mə΄θɒdikl] a Ù»ÃṳϳÝ, Ù»- microphone [΄maikrəfəun] n Ëáë³÷áÕ,
Ãá¹ÇÏ: ÙÇÏñáýáÝ:
methodology [‚meθə΄dɒlədзi] n Ù»Ãá¹³μ³- microcode [΄maikrəu΄kəud] n ÑÙÏñ·. ÙÇÏ-
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: ñáÑñ³Ù³Ý£
methyl [΄meθl] n ùÇÙ. Ù»ÃÇÉ: microscope [΄maikrəskəup] n Ù³Ýñ³¹Ç-
methylated spirits [‚meθileitid΄spirit] n ï³Ï, ÙÇÏñáëÏáå:
¹»Ý³ïáõñ³ï: microscopic(al) [‚maikrə΄skɒpik(l)] n Ù³Ý-
meticulous [mə΄tikjuləs] a μͳËݹÇñ, ñ³¹Çï³Ïáí ï»ë³Ý»ÉÇ:
Ù³Ýñ³ËݹÇñ. be ~ in one’s work μͳËݹÇñ mid [mid] a ÙÇçÇÝ, Ù»çï»ÕÇ. in ~ winter
ÉÇÝ»É Çñ ³ß˳ï³ÝùáõÙ: ÓÙ»éí³ Ï»ëÇÝ. The bomb exploded in ~ air
metonymy [me΄tɒnəmi] n ÷á˳ÝáõÝáõ- èáõÙμÁ å³Ûûó û¹áõÙ. the ~ morning coffee
ÃÛáõÝ, Ù»ïáÝÇÙdz: break ³é³íáïÛ³Ý ëáõñ×Ç ÁݹÙÇçáõÙ:
metre [΄mi:tə] n Ù»ïñ. μÝëï. áïù, éÇÃÙ midchildhood [΄midt∫aildhud] n í³Õ å³-
(áï³Ý³íáñÇ): ï³Ý»ÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
metric(al) [΄metrik(l)] a Ù»ïñ³Ï³Ý. the ~ midday [‚mid΄dei] n, a Ï»ëûñ. Ï»ëûñÛ³,
system ã³÷»ñÇ Ù»ïñ³Ï³Ý ѳٳϳñ·: Ï»ëûñí³. a ~ snack Ï»ëûñÛ³ ݳ˳׳ß:
metropolis [mə΄trɒpəlis] n Ù³Ûñ³ù³Õ³ù. middle [΄midl] n Ù»çï»Õ, Ï»ÝïñáÝ. in the ~
Ù³Ûñ »ñÏÇñ, Ù»ïñáåáÉdz: of the room ë»ÝÛ³ÏÇ Ï»ÝïñáÝáõÙ. in/the ~ of
metropolitan [‚metrə΄pɒlitən] n, a Ù³Ûñ³- a meal/speech áõï»Éáõ/½»ÏáõóÙ³Ý, ׳éÇ
ù³Õ³ùÇ μݳÏÇã. »Ï»Õ. ³ñù»åÇëÏáåáë, ųٳݳÏ:
Ù»ïñáåáÉÇï. Ù³Ûñ³ù³Õ³ùÇ, Ù³Ûñ³ù³- middle [΄midl] a ÙÇçÇÝ, Ù»çï»ÕÇ, Ï»Ýïñá-
Õ³ù³ÛÇÝ. »Ï»Õ. ûٳϳÝ, ûÙÇ: ݳϳÝ. ~ finger/ear ÙÇçݳٳï, ÙÇçÇÝ ³-
mettle [΄metl] n ˳éÝí³Íù, μݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ. ϳÝç. ~ distance ³ñí. ÙÇçÇÝ åɳÝ. ~ line
»é³Ý¹, ³íÛáõÝ. be on one’s ~ »é³Ý¹ ѳݹ»ë ÙÇçݳ·ÇÍ. M~ ages ÙÇçݳ¹³ñ. steer/take a
μ»ñ»É. put one on his ~ ëïÇå»É Ù»ÏÇÝ Ó»é- ~ course ÙÇçÇÝ ¹Çñù ·ñ³í»É:
ùÇó »Ï³ÍÝ ³Ý»É. show one’s ~ Çñ μ³ñÓñáõ- middle-aged [‚midl΄eidзd] a ѳë³Ï³íáñ,
ÃÛ³Ý íñ³ ÉÇÝ»É: ÙÇçÇÝ ï³ñÇùÇ. a ~ woman ÙÇçÇÝ ï³ñÇ-
mettlesome [΄metlsəm] a »é³Ý¹áõÝ, ³ß- ùÇ/ï³ñ»ó ÏÇÝ:
ËáõÛÅ, Ïñ³Ïáï: middle–class [‚midl΄kla:s] a ÙÇçÇÝ ¹³ë, ÙÇ-
mew I [mju:] n, v Ùɳíáó. Ùɳí»É: çÇÝ Ë³íÇ å³ïϳÝáÕ. ~ residential area ù³-
mew II [mju:] n, v í³Ý¹³Ï (μ³½»Ç). í³Ý- Õ³ùÇ ³ÛÝ μݳϻÉÇ Ù³ëÁ, áñï»Õ μݳÏíáõÙ
¹³ÏÇ Ù»ç ¹Ý»É/÷³Ï»É. ÷Ëμ. μ³Ýï³ñÏ»É: »Ý ÙÇçÇÝ Ë³íÇÝ å³ïϳÝáÕ Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ:
mewl [mju:l] v ï½ï½³É, ÃÝ·ÃÝ·³É: middleman [΄midlmæn] n ÙÇçÝáñ¹:
mezzanine [΄metsəni:n] n ÙÇçݳѳñÏ, ÏÇ- middle weight [΄midlweit] a Ùñ½. ÙÇçÇÝ
ë³Ñ³ñÏ: ù³ß áõÝ»óáÕ. a ~ boxer ÙÇçÇÝ ù³ßÇ
mezzo (~ soprano) [‚metsəusə΄pra:nəu] n μéÝóù³Ù³ñïÇÏ. ~ wrestling ÙÇçÇÝ ù³ßÇ
Ù»óóá-ëáåñ³Ýá (ϳݳóÇ Ó³ÛÝ). She ‘s a ÁÙμß³Ù³ñï:
wonderful ~ ܳ ·»Õ»óÇÏ Ù»óóá-ëáåñ³Ýá middling [΄midliŋ] a ÙÇç³Ï, ÙÇçÇÝ. »ñÏñáñ¹
áõÝÇ: ï»ë³ÏÇ/ϳñ·Ç. of ~ size ÙÇçÇÝ ã³÷ëÇ. fair
middling 519 militant

to ~ μ³í³Ï³Ý ÙÇç³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ: easy ¸³ ß³ï Ñ»ßï ¿ That’s ~ awkward ¸³


middling [΄midliŋ] adv ÙÇç³Ï. áã ³Ûë á㠳ѳíáñ ³ÝѳñÙ³ñ ¿:
³ÛÝ, áã ɳí áã í³ï. ~ tall μ³í³Ï³Ý mignonette [‚minjə΄net] n μëμ. ѳ÷ñáõÏ:
μ³ñÓñ³Ñ³ë³Ï. How are you feeling? M~ migraine [΄mi:grein] n ·É˳ó³í, ÙÇ·ñ»Ý:
ÆÝãå»±ë »ù. àãÇÝã, ÙÇç³Ï (áã ³Ûë, áã ³ÛÝ): migrant [΄maigrənt] n íï³ñ³Ý¹Ç, ï³ñ³-
midge [midз] n ÙÅ»Õ, ÙɳÏ, ÙáͳÏ: ·Çñ, í»ñ³μݳÏÇã, ï³ñ³μݳÏ. ùáãíáñ,
midget [΄midзit] n ýáõÏ, ÉÇÉÇåáõï: ó÷³é³ÏÛ³ó. ãíáÕ ÃéãáõÝ:
midland [΄midlənd] n »ñÏñÇ Ï»ÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý migrate [mai΄greit] v í»ñ³μݳÏí»É, ·³Õ-
Ù³ëÁ. the M~s ²Ý·ÉdzÛÇ Ï»ÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý Ã»É. ãí»É (ÃéãáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ). These birds ~
¹ùëáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ: to the South ²Ûë ÃéãáõÝÝ»ñÁ ãíáõÙ »Ý ѳñ³í:
midnight [΄midnait] n, a Ï»·Çß»ñ. Édzϳ- migration [mai΄grei∫n] n ·³ÕÃ, ï³ñ³μݳ-
ï³ñ ÙÃáõÃÛáõÝ, ˳í³ñ. after ~ Ï»ë·Çß»ñÇó Ï»óáõÙ, ÙÇ·ñ³ódz, ãáõ (ÃéãáõÝÝ»ñÇ) flow
Ñ»ïá. Ï»ë·Çß»ñí³, Ï»ë·Çß»ñ³ÛÇÝ: of ~ Ý»ñ·³ÕÃÇ Ñáëù. labour ~ ³ß˳ï³Ý-
midriff [΄midrif] n ëïáͳÝÇ: ù³ÛÇÝ ï»Õ³ß³ñÅ:
midship [΄mid∫ip] n ݳíÇ ÙÇçÇÝ Ù³ëÁ: migratory [΄maigrətəri] a ó÷³é³Ï³Ý,
midshipman [΄mid∫ipmən] n Íáí³ÛÇÝ »Ý- í³ãϳïáõÝ. ùáãíáñ, ãíáÕ:
óëå³: mike [maik] n ËëÏó. Ëáë³÷áÕ, ÙÇÏñáýáÝ:
midst [midist] n ÙÇçÇÝ ï»Õ, ÙÇçÇÝÁ. in the ~ milch [milt∫] a ϳÃݳïáõ, ÏóÝ:
of Ù»ç, ÙÇç¨, Ù»çï»ÕáõÙ. in/from our ~ Ù»ñ mild [maild] a Ù»ÕÙ, Ñ»½. μ³ñ»Ë³éÝ ã³÷³-
Ù»ç, Ù»ñ ÙÇç³í³ÛñáõÙ: íáñ. ~character/climate/sentence Ù»ÕÙ μݳíá-
midsummer [‚mid΄sΛmə] n ³Ù³éݳٻç, ñáõÃÛáõÝ/ÏÉÇÙ³/¹³ï³í×Çé a ~ evening
³Ù³éí³ Ï»ëÁ. ³Ù³é³ÛÇÝ ³ñ¨³¹³ñÓ ï³ù »ñ»Ïá. ~ tobacco ÃáõÛÉ Í˳Ëáï. a ~
(ÑáõÝÇëÇ ùë³ÝÙ»Ï). ~ day ÑáõÝÇëÇ surprise ûè ½³ñÙ³Ýù. a ~ form of flue
ùë³ÝãáñëÁ: ·ñÇåÇ Ã»Ã¨ ï»ë³Ï:
midway [‚mid΄wei] adv Ï»ë ׳ݳå³ñÑÇÝ, mildew [΄mildju:] n μëμ. (μáõÛë»ñÇ ÑÇí³Ý-
׳Ù÷Ç Ï»ëÇÝ. turn back ~ Ï»ë ׳ݳå³ñ- ¹áõÃÛáõÝ) ãáé. μáñμáë:
ÑÇó í»ñ³¹³éݳÉ: mildly [΄maildli] adv Ù»ÕÙ. to put it ~ Ù»ÕÙ
midweek [‚mid΄wi:k] a, adv ß³μ³Ãí³ ³ë³Í:
»ñÏñáñ¹Çó ãáññáñ¹ ûñ»ñÁ. It’s cheaper to mildness [΄maildnəs] n Ù»ÕÙáõÃÛáõÝ, ù³Õó-
travel ~ îñ³ÝëåáñïÇ ïáÙë»ñÁ ß³μ³Ãí³ ñáõÃÛáõÝ. μ³ñ»Ë³éÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ã³÷³íáñáõ-
»ñÏñáñ¹Çó ãáññáñ¹ ûñ»ñÁ ³í»ÉÇ ¿Å³Ý »Ý: ÃÛáõÝ:
midwest [‚mid΄west] n ÙÇçÇÝ ³ñ¨Ùáõïù. the mile [mail] n ÙÕáÝ (1609, 3Ù). nautical ~ Íá-
~ ²ØÜ- Ç ÙÇçÇÝ ³ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý Ý³Ñ³Ý·Ý»ñÁ: í³ÛÇÝ ÙÕáÝ, (1852 Ù). a long ~ »ñϳñ ׳-
midwife [΄midwaif] n Ù³Ýϳμ³ñÓáõÑÇ: ݳå³ñÑ. 30 mph (miles per hour) ųÙáõÙ 30
midwinter [‚mid΄wintə] n ÓÙ»éݳٻç, ÙÕáÝ. She is ~ better г½³ñ ³Ý·³Ù/²Ýѳ-
ÓÙ»éí³ Ï»ëÁ. ÓÙ»é³ÛÇÝ ³ñ¨³¹³ñÓ (¹»Ï- Ù»Ù³ï ³í»ÉÇ É³í ¿. You can tell it a ~ off
ï»Ùμ»ñÇ ùë³ÝÙ»ÏÁ): Þ³ï Ñ»éíÇó/г½³ñ Ù»ïñÇó »ñ¨áõÙ ¿. ~ s
mien [mi:n] n ¹»Ùù, Ï»ñå³ñ³Ýù, ¹»ÙùÇ ³ñ- away ß³ï Ñ»éáõ:
ï³Ñ³ÛïáõÃÛáõÝ: mileage [΄mailidз] n Ñ»é³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÙÕáÝ-
might [mait] n ѽáñáõÃÛáõÝ, ½áñáõÃÛáõÝ with Ý»ñáí. What ~ has the car done? ø³ÝDZ ÙÕáÝ
all one’s ~ ³ÙμáÕç áõÅáí. with ~ and main ³Ù- ¿ Ù»ù»Ý³Ý ³ñ»É/³Ýó»É. ~ indicator ÏÇÉáÙ»ï-
μáÕç áõÅáí: ñ³ÅÇ Ñ³ßíÇã:
mightily [΄maitili] adv áõÅ»Õ Ï»ñåáí. ËëÏó. milepost [΄mailpəust] n ÙÕáݳóáõÛó ëÛáõÝ:
ß³ï, ã³÷³½³Ýó: milestone [΄mailstəun] n ÙÕáݳóáõÛó ù³ñ.
mighty [΄maiti] 1. a áõÅ»Õ, ѽáñ, ÑáõÅÏáõ, ÷Ëμ. áõÕ»ÝÇß (ÏÛ³ÝùÇ å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ) a ~ in
íÇÃ˳ñÇ. 2. adv ß³ï. ã³÷³½³Ýó. a ~ na- the history of Europe ºíñáå³ÛÇ å³ïÙáõ-
tion ѽáñ ³½·/»ñÏÇñ. a ~ ocean íÇÃ˳ñÇ ÃÛ³Ý áõÕ»ÝÇß:
ûíÏdzÝáë. a ~ blow áõÅ»Õ Ñ³ñí³Í. be in a milieu [΄mi:ljə:] n ÙÇç³í³Ûñ, ßñç³å³ï:
~ hurry ã³÷³½³Ýó ßï³å»É. That is ~ militant [΄militənt] a, n ³ÏïÇíÇëï. é³½Ù³-
militarist 520 mind

ï»Ýã, Ù³ñïÝãáÕ. The students are less ~ now mill [mil] v ³Õ³É, Ù³Ýñ»É. ~ steel ·É³Ý³Íá
²ÛÅÙ áõë³ÝáÕÝ»ñÝ ³ÛÝù³Ý ¿É é³½Ù³ï»Ýã åáÕå³ï. People were ~ing about the square
ã»Ý: ÷Ëμ. سñ¹ÇÏ ËéÝí»É ¿ÇÝ Ññ³å³ñ³ÏáõÙ:
militarist [΄militərist] n é³½Ù³ÙáÉ: millboard [΄milbɔ:d] n ѳëï ëïí³ñ³-
militarization [‚militərai΄zei∫n] n é³½Ù³- ÃáõÕÃ:
ϳݳóáõÙ: millennium [mi΄leniəm] n ѳ½³ñ³ÙÛ³Ï:
militarize [΄militəraiz] v 鳽ٳϳݳóݻɣ miller [΄milə] n çñ³Õ³óå³Ý:
military [΄militəri] n Ñíù. the ~ ½ÇÝíáñ³- millet [΄milit] n Ïáñ»Ï:
ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ: mill-hand [΄milhænd] n ·áñͳñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ
military [΄militəri] a ½ÇÝíáñ³Ï³Ý, é³½Ù³- μ³Ýíáñ:
Ï³Ý ~ service ½ÇÝáñ³Ï³Ý ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ milliner [΄milinə] n ϳݳóÇ ·É˳ñÏÝ»ñ
train ½ÇÝíáñ³Ï³Ý ·Ý³óù/¿ß»ÉáÝ. ~ police ϳñáÕ:
½ÇÝíáñ³Ï³Ý áëïÇϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ tribunal millinery [΄milinəri] n ϳݳóÇ ·É˳ñÏÝ»ñ.
½ÇÝíáñ³Ï³Ý ¹³ï³ñ³Ý/ïñÇμáõݳÉ. ~ per- ϳݳóÇ ·Ë³ñÏÝ»ñÇ Ë³ÝáõÃ/³ñÑ»ëï³-
sonnel ½ÇÝͳé³ÛáÕÝ»ñ. ~ offence ½ÇÝíáñ³- Ýáó:
Ï³Ý ½³Ýó³Ýù. ~ age ½áñ³ÏáãÇ ï³ñÇù. ~ million [΄miljən] n ÙÇÉÇáÝ. ÷Ëμ. ß³ï Ù»Í
attache é³½Ù³Ï³Ý Ïóáñ¹: ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ~s of people ÙÇÉÇáݳíáñ
militate [΄militeit] v å³ï»ñ³½Ù»É, ¹»Ù Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ. feel like ~ dollars Çñ»Ý Ñá۳ϳå
Ïéí»É/ ·áñÍ»É. ˳ݷ³ñ»É. These factors will ½·³É:
~ against us ²Ûë ·áñÍáÝÝ»ñÁ Ï·áñÍ»Ý Ù»ñ millionaire [‚miljə΄neə] n ٻͳѳñáõëï,
¹»Ù: ÙÇÉÇáݳï»ñ:
milk [milk] n ϳÃ. condenced/evaporated ~ mill-pond [΄milpɒnd] n çñ³Õ³óÇ çñ³Ù-
Ëï³óñ³Í ϳÃ. skimmed ~ ù³ß³Í ϳÃ. μ³ñ:
powdered ~ ÷áßÇ Ï³Ã. pigeon’s ~ ÷Ëμ. ÃéãÝÇ millstone [΄milstəun] n çñ³Õ³ó³ù³ñ, »ñÏ-
ϳÃ: ݳù³ñ. see far into ~ ÷Ëμ. ã³÷³½³Ýó
milk [milk] v ÏûÉ. ϳà ï³É. ÷Ëμ. ß³Ñ/û- Ëáñ³Ã³÷³Ýó ÉÇÝ»É. be a ~ round one`s neck
·áõï μ»ñ»É: Ù»ÏÇ í½ÇÝ Í³Ýñ μ»é ÉÇÝ»É:
milk bar [΄milkba:] n ϳÃݳÛÇÝ μ³ñ: mime [maim] n, v óïñ. ¹ÇÙ³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝ,
milk bottle [΄milkbɒtl] n ϳÃÇ ßÇß: ÙÇÙÇϳ. ¹ÇÙ³ËáëáõÃÛ³Ùμ/ÙÇÙÇϳÛáí ³ñ-
milk-and-water [‚milkən΄wɔ:tə] a ÷³÷- ï³Ñ³Ûï»É:
ϳëáõÝ, ϳٳ½áõñÏ. çñÇÏ, ¹³ï³ñÏ, ³Ý- MIME [‚mΛlti΄pə:pəs΄intə:net meil iks΄ten-
μáí³Ý¹³Ï: ∫ənz] ÑÙÏñ·. Multipurpose Internet Mail Exten-
milkmaid [΄milkmeid] n ϳÃݳí³×³éáõ- sions ÇÝï»ñÝ»ïÇ ¿É»ÏïñáݳÛÇÝ ÷áëïÇ
ÑÇ. ÏÃíáñáõÑÇ: μ³½Ù³Ýå³ï³Ï ÁݹɳÛÝáõÙ:
milkman [΄milkmən] n ϳÃݳí³×³é, mimic [΄mimik] n, v ÝٳݳÏáÕ, ÙÇÙÇëï
ÏÃíáñ: (¹»ñ³ë³Ý). ÝٳݳϻÉ. ͳÕñ³Ï³Ý Ó¨áí
milkshake [΄milk∫eik] n ϳÃÇ ÏáÏï»ÛÉ: ÁݹûñÇݳϻÉ:
milksop [΄milksɒp] n ϳٳ½áõñÏ/Ãáõɳϳ٠mimicry [΄mimikri] n ÝٳݳÏáõÙ, ÁݹûñÇ-
Ù³ñ¹. ɳóϳÝ: ݳÏáõÙ. protective ~ Ï»Ýë. ßñç³å³ïÇÝ
milk-white [΄milkwait] n ϳÃݳ·áõÛÝ. ÝÙ³Ýí»Éáõ å³ßïå³Ý³Ï³Ý ѳïÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
ϳÃÇ å»ë ëåÇï³Ï: mince [mins] n ͻͳÍ/³Õ³ó³Í ÙÇë (ý³ñß):
milky [΄milki] a ϳÃÇ, ϳÃݳÛÇÝ. Ùßáõß³- mince [mins] v ͻͻÉ/³Õ³É ÙÇëÁ. ÷Ëμ. Ù»Õ-
å³ï, ³Ùå³Ù³Í. M~ Way ³ëïÕ·. ÌÇñ Ù³óÝ»É (μ³é»ñÁ). Let’s not ~ words ºÏ»ù
γÃÇÝ, гñ¹³·áÕÇ Ö³Ý³å³ñÑ: áõÕÇÕ/å³ñ½ Ëáë»Ýù/³é³Ýó ³ÏݳñÏÝ»ñÇ:
mill [mil] n ³Õ³ó. water ~ çñ³Õ³ó. wind ~ mincemeat [΄minsmi:t] n ÉóáÝ (ý³ñß). Ëá-
ÑáÕÙ³Õ³ó. coffee ~ ëñ׳ճó. (ý³μñÇϳ) ñǽ (ËÙáñ»Õ»ÝÇ):
cotton/paper ~ μ³Ùμ³Ï³½ïÇã/ÃÕÃÇ ·áñͳ- mincer [΄minsə] n (ݳ¨ ~ing machine) Ùë³-
ñ³Ý/ý³μñÇϳ. put smb through the ~ ÷Ëμ. Õ³ó:
÷áñÓáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ »ÝóñÏ»É: mind [maind] n μ³Ý³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. Ë»Éù,
mind 521 mine-thrower

ÙÇïù. ÷ÇÉ. Ñá·Ç, á·Ç. analytical/critical/clear me/the expence àõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ÙÇ ¹³ñÓñáõ


~ í»ñÉáõͳϳÝ/ùÝݳ¹³ï³Ï³Ý/å³ñ½ ÇÝÓ/ͳËë»ñÇ íñ³. M~ what you’re doing
ÙÇïù/ Ë»Éù. public ~ ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ϳñ- Øï³ÍÇ°ñ, ÇÝã »ë ³ÝáõÙ. M~ out! ¼·áõÛß,
ÍÇù. spacious ~ ɳÛÝ ÑáñǽáÝ/ÙÇïù. a man of ¼·áõß³óÇñ. M~ the steps ! ¼·áõÛß, ³ëïÇ-
great ~ Ù»Í Ë»ÉùÇ ï»ñ Ù³ñ¹. the great/best ׳ÝÝ»ñ »Ý. Who’s ~ing the baby? à±í ¿
~s of our time Ù»ñ ųٳݳÏÇ É³í³·áõÛÝ »ñ»Ë³ÛÇÝ ËݳÙáõÙ. M~ the children while
Ùï³ÍáÕÝ»ñÁ. cross one’s ~ Ùïùáõ٠ͳ·»É, I’m away ÆÙ μ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛ³Ùμ áõß³¹Çñ
Ùïùáí ³ÝóÝ»É. disburden one’s ~ ëÇñïÁ û- »ÕÇñ »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ. M~ your own
è³óÝ»É/μ³ó ³Ý»É. ~ and body Ñá·Ç ¨ Ù³ñ- business ¼μ³ÕíÇñ ùá ·áñÍáí:
ÙÇÝ. sound ~ ³éáÕç ¹³ïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. be in minded [΄maindid] a ïñ³Ù³¹ñí³Í, å³ï-
one’s right ~ ³éáÕç Ùï³Í»É. get out of one’s ñ³ëï. if she were so ~ »Ã» ݳ ³Û¹å»ë ¿ñ
~, lose one`s ~ Ë»ÉùÁ ÃéóÝ»É. triumph of ~ ïñ³Ù³¹ñí³Í. broad -~ Ý»Õ Ùï³Ñáñǽá-
over matter Ñá·áõ ѳÕÃ³Ý³Ï Ù³ñÙÝÇ Ýáí. narrow -~ Ý»Õ Ùï³ÑáñǽáÝáí. quick -~
ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ. (Ùï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ó³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ) ³ñ³· ÁÙμéÝáÕ, Ñݳñ³ÙÇï. slow -~ ¹³Ý-
have a (good) ~ (Ù»Í) ó³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ. ¹³Õ³ÙÇï, ³Ý˻ɳѳë:
have half a ~ Ùï³¹ñí»É, å³ïñ³ëï ÉÇÝ»É. mindful [΄maindfl] a áõß³¹Çñ, Ñá·³ï³ñ. ~
set one’s ~ on smth ѳëï³ï áñáß»É. out of of duties å³ñï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ÑÇßáÕ£
sight out of ~ ³ãùÇó Ñ»éáõ, ëñïÇó ¹áõñë. mindless [΄maindləs] a ³ÝÇÙ³ëï, ³ÝÙÇï.
(ϳñÍÇù) be of one/the same ~ ÝáõÛÝ Ï³ñÍÇ- ãÙï³ÍáÕ, ѳßíÇ ã³éÝáÕ:
ùÇÝ ÉÇÝ»É. speak one’s ~ ³ÝÏ»ÕÍáñ»Ý Ëáë»É, mine [main] prn ÇÙ, ÇÙÁ. This is ~ ¸³ ÇÙÝ ¿.
³ë»É ÇÝã Ùï³ÍáõÙ »ë. in one’s ~ ÙïùáõÙ, a friend of ~ ÇÙ ÁÝÏ»ñÁ. No business of ~ ÆÙ
ÙïùÇ Ù»ç. to my ~ Ç٠ϳñÍÇùáí. make up ·áñÍÁ ã¿:
one’s ~ áñáß»É. change one’s ~ ÙÇïùÁ ÷áË»É mine I [main] 1. n ѳÝù, ѳÝù³Ñáñ. copper
be in two ~s »ñÏáõ ÙïùÇ ÉÇÝ»É. keep one’s ~ ~ åÕÝӳѳÝù. a gold ~ áëÏáõ ѳÝù. ÷Ëμ.
on smth ³ÝÁݹѳï Ùï³Í»É. not to know ³ÕμÛáõñ He’s a ~ of information ܳ ï»Õ»Ïáõ-
one’s own ~ ãÇÙ³Ý³É áõ½³ÍÝ ÇÝã ¿. read ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ³ÕμÛáõñ ¿. 2. v ѳÝù Ù߳ϻÉ,
smb’s ~ Ù»ÏÇ Ùïù»ñÁ ϳñ¹³É. give a piece ѳÝù³ù³ñ ѳï»É:
of one’s ~ Çñ ϳñÍÇùÝ ³ñï³Ñ³Ûï»É. have mine II [main] n é½Ù. ³Ï³Ý. land ~ ýáõ·³ë.
smth on one’s ~ ÙïùáõÙ ÇÝã-áñ μ³Ý áõݻݳÉ. lay ~s ³Ï³Ý³å³ï»É. hit a ~ ³Ï³ÝÇÝ ¹Çå-
give one’s ~ Ùï³Í»É, áõß³¹Çñ ÉÇÝ»É. (ÑÇßá- ã»É. ~ field ³Ï³Ý³¹³ßï, ³Ï³Ý³÷³Ïáó. ~
ÕáõÃÛáõÝ) bear/keep in ~ ÑÇß»É, ÙïùáõÙ detector ³Ï³Ýáñë (·áñÍÇù), ³Ï³ÝáñëÇã
å³Ñ»É. go/pass out of ~ Ùáé³óí»É. come to (ë³Ïñ³íáñ):
one’s ~ Ùïùáí ³ÝóÝ»É, ÙÇïùÁ ·³É. It slipped mine [main] v ³Ï³Ý»É, ³Ï³Ý ¹Ý»É, ³Ï³Ý³-
my ~ ¶ÉËÇóë Ãé»É ¿. bring/call to ~ ÑÇß»óÝ»É. å³ï»É. ~ a bridge ϳÙáõñçÁ ³Ï³Ý³å³-
(ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ) frame/state of ~ ïñ³- ï»É. The lorry was ~d ´»éݳï³ñÁ å³Ûûó-
Ù³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. I was easy/uneasy in my ~ Ñá- í»ó:
·Çë ѳݷÇëï/³ÝѳݷÇëï ¿ñ. presence of ~ mine layer [΄main‚leiə] n ³Ï³Ý³¹Çñ (ݳí):
á·áõ ³ñÇáõÃÛáõÝ, Çñ»Ý ãÏáñóÝ»ÉÁ. happy/ miner [΄mainə] n ѳÝù³·áñÍ, ѳÝù³÷áñ.
sad/anxious/cheerful frame of ~ »ñç³ÝÇÏ/ é½Ù. ³Ï³Ýáñ¹, ³Ï³Ý³¹Çñ:
ïËáõñ/ ³ÝѳݷÇëï/³ßËáõÛÅ ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõ- mineral [΄minrəl]1. n ѳÝù, ѳÝù³ù³ñ,
ÃÛáõÝ: ÙÇÝ»ñ³É. ~s ËëÏó. ѳÝù³ÛÇÝ çáõñ (ݳ¨ ~
mind [maind] v ³é³ñÏ»É. ¹»Ù ÉÇÝ»É. Do you water). 2.a ѳÝù³ÛÇÝ, ³Ýûñ·³Ý³Ï³Ý, áã
~ my smoking? ¸»Ù ã»±ù, »Ã» »ë ÍË»Ù. I don’t ûñ·³Ý³Ï³Ý. ~ deposits/resources û·ï³Ï³ñ
~ in the least ´áÉáñáíÇÝ/´³ó³ñӳϳå»ë ѳݳÍáÝ»ñ:
ã»Ù ³é³ñÏáõÙ. Would you ~ keeping quiet? mineralogy [‚minə΄rælədзi] n ѳÝù³μ³-
âDZ ϳñ»ÉÇ ÉéáõÃÛáõÝ å³Ñå³Ý»É. I should- ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳÝù³·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ.
n’t ~ a cup of coffee ØÇ ·³í³Ã ëáõñ×ÇÝ ¹»Ù mine-sweeper [΄main‚swi:pə] n ³Ï³-
ã¿Ç ÉÇÝÇ. (áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ¹³ñÓÝ»É) Never ~ ݳѳÝ, ³Ï³ÝáñëÇã ݳí.
áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ÙÇ ¹³ñÓÝÇ, áãÇÝã. Don’t ~ mine-thrower [΄main‚θrəuə] n ³Ï³Ý³-
mingle 522 minutely I

Ý»ï: minor [΄mainə] a »ñÏñáñ¹³Ï³Ý, ³ÝÝß³Ý,


mingle [΄miŋgl] v ˳éÝ(í)»É ~ with ß÷í»É, å³Ï³ë ϳñ¨áñ. Ïñïë»ñ. a ~ position ³Ý-
ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É. ~ with the crowd Ýß³Ý å³ßïáÝ. a ~ composer »ñÏñáñ¹³Ï³Ý
˳éÝí»É ³ÙμáËÇÝ: ÏáÙåá½Çïáñ. a ~ detail ³Ýϳñ¨áñ/áã ϳ-
mingy [΄mindзi] a Åɳï (Ù³ñ¹). ³Õù³ïÇÏ ñ¨áñ Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ. ~ repairs Ù³Ýñ í»ñ³Ýá-
(Çñ»ñ): ñá·áõÙ. ~ offence Çñ³í. ÷áùñ ½³Ýó³Ýù. ~
mini [΄mini] n ï»°ë miniskirt: injuries ûè íݳëí³ÍùÝ»ñ. Brown the ~
miniature [΄minət∫ə] n, a Ù³Ýñ³Ýϳñ, Ïñïë»ñ ´ñ³áõÝÁ:
Ù³Ýñ³ÝϳñãáõÃÛáõÝ. Ù³Ýñ³Ýϳñã³Ï³Ý. minorit/y [mai΄nɒrəti] n ÷áùñ³Ù³ëÝáõ-
÷Ëμ. ÷áùñÇÏ, Ù³ÝñÇÏ, Ýáõñμ: ÃÛáõÝ, ³Ýã³÷³Ñ³ëáõÃÛáõÝ. national/racial ~
minibus [΄minibΛs] n ÙÇÏñá³íïáμáõë: ies ³½·³ÛÇÝ/é³ë³Û³Ï³Ý ÷áùñ³Ù³ëÝáõ-
minikin [΄minikin] n, a ÷áùñÇÏ/Ýñμ³·»Õ ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. be in the ~ ÷áùñ³Ù³ëÝáõÃÛáõÝ
Çñ/¿³Ï. Ù³ÝñÇÏ, åëïÉÇÏ: ϳ½Ù»É. ~ rule ÷áùñ³Ù³ëÝáõÃÛ³Ý »ÝóñÏ-
minimal [΄miniml] a Ýí³½³·áõÛÝ, ÷áùñ³- í»ÉÁ ٻͳٳëÝáõÃÛ³ÝÁ. ~ interest ÷áùñ³-
·áõÛÝ, ÙÇÝÇÙ³É: Ù³ëÝáõÃÛ³Ý ß³Ñ»ñÁ. ~ shareholding μ³Å-
minimize [΄minimaiz] v ÷áùñ³óÝ»É, å³Ï- Ý»ïáÙë»ñÇ ÷áùñ³Ù³ëÝáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉÁ:
ë»óÝ»É, ÙÇÝÇÙáõÙÇ Ñ³ëóÝ»É: minster [΄minstə] n Ù³Ûñ ï³×³ñ, »Ï»Õ»óÇ:
minimum [΄miniməm] n Ýí³½³·áõÛÝ Ù»- minstrel [΄minstrəl] n μ³Ý³ëï»ÕÍ, »ñ·Çã
ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, ÙÇÝÇÙáõÙ. cut the expenditure to the (ÙÇçݳ¹³ñÛ³Ý ºíñáå³ÛáõÙ):
~ ͳËë»ñÁ Ýí³½³·áõÛÝÇ Ñ³ëóÝ»É. a ~ mint I [mint] n, a μëμ. ³Ý³ÝáõË, ¹³ÕÓ (ݳ¨
wage Ýí³½³·áõÛÝ ³ß˳ï³í³ñÓ. ~ term ³Ý³ÝáõËÇ ÏáÝý»ï):
Ýí³½³·áõÛÝ Å³ÙÏ»ï: mint II [mint] n ¹ñ³Ù³Ñ³ï³Ï³Ý. a ~ of
mining [΄mainiŋ] n ѳÝù³·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ, money ÷áÕÇ Ù»Í ·áõÙ³ñ. He made a ~ on the
ѳÝù³ñ¹Ûáõݳμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ: deal ²Û¹ ·áñͳñùÇó ݳ Ù»Í ·áõÙ³ñ ߳ѻó:
miniskirt [΄miniskə:t] n (ËëÏó. mini) ÙÇÝÇ mint [mint] v ¹ñ³Ù ѳï»É, ÷áÕ Ïïñ»É. ~
÷»ß (Ûáõμϳ): coins ¹ñ³Ù ѳï»É:
minister [΄ministə] n ݳ˳ñ³ñ. ¹íÝ·. ¹»ë- minuend [΄minjuend] n Ù³Ã. Ýí³½»ÉÇ:
å³Ýáñ¹, ¹»ëå³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ËáñÑñ¹³ïáõ. minuet [‚minju΄et] n »ñÅß. Ù»Ýáõ»ï:
cabinet ~ ϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³Ý¹³Ù. Prime ~ minus [΄mainəs] n ÙÇÝáõë. the ~ sign ѳÝÙ³Ý
í³ñã³å»ï, åñ»ÙÇ»ñ ÙÇÝÇëïñ. resident ~ Ýß³Ý. It’s ~ 5 today ²Ûëûñ — 5 ³ëïÇ×³Ý ¿.
¹Çí³Ý³·Çï³Ï³Ý Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇã. ~ of (ѳݳÍ, ³é³Ýó) He appeared ~ his shirt ܳ
state å»ïݳ˳ñ³ñ. ÏñáÝ. ù³Ñ³Ý³: ѳÛïÝí»ó ³é³Ýó ß³åÇÏÇ. a ~ quantity
minister [΄ministə] v ͳé³Û»É, ëå³ë³ñÏ»É. Ù³Ã. μ³ó³ë³Ï³Ý Ù»ÍáõÃÛáõÝ:
~ to (the needs of) a sick man ÑÇí³Ý¹ÇÝ minute [΄minit] n ñáå». the ~(that) Ñ»Ýó áñ.
ËݳٻÉ: on the ~ ×Çßï ųÙÇÝ, ųٳݳÏÇÝ. at the
ministerial [‚mini΄stiəriəl] a ݳ˳ñ³ñ³- last ~ í»ñçÇÝ ñáå»ÇÝ. Just/Wait a ~ ØÇ ñáå».
ϳÝ. ûųݹ³Ï. ~ duties ݳ˳ñ³ñÇ å³ñ- a matter of ~s ñáå»³Ï³Ý ·áñÍ. any ~ ñáå»
ï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ. ~ changes ÷á÷áËáõ- ³é ñáå». 10 ~s walk 10 ñáå»Ç ׳ݳå³ñÑ.
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ϳμÇÝ»ïÇ Ï³½ÙáõÙ: (ѳٳéáï ·ñ³éáõÙ, ³ñӳݳ·ñáõÃÛáõÝ)
ministry [΄ministri] n ݳ˳ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, the ~s ³ñӳݳ·ñáõÃÛáõÝ (ÅáÕáíÇ). record in
ϳé³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ÏñáÝ. Ñá·¨áñ³Ï³Ýáõ- ~s ³ñӳݳ·ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÙïóÝ»É. keep the
ÃÛáõÝ: ~s ³ñӳݳ·ñáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³½Ù»É:
mink [miŋk] n ϻݹ. çñ³ùÇë. a ~ coat çñ³- minute [΄minit] a Ù³Ýñ, ³Ù»Ý³÷áùñ. ³Ý-
ùÇëÇ Ùáõßï³Ï: Ýß³Ý, ãÝãÇÝ ~ particles ÷áùñÇÏ Ù³ëÝÇÏÝ»ñ.
minnow [΄minəu] n ˳ñ³Ï³ÓáõÏ. Ù³Ý- a ~ quantity ãÝãÇÝ ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. (Ù³Ýñ³-
ñáõù, Ù³Ýñ ϻݹ³ÝÇÝ»ñ: ÏñÏÇï) a ~ examination Ù³Ýñ³ÏñÏÇï
minor [΄mainə] n »ñÅß. ÙÇÝáñ, óËͳÉÇ ùÝݳñÏáõÙ:
ïáÝ. Çñ³í. ³Ýã³÷³Ñ³ë, ¹»é³Ñ³ë. con- minute-hand [΄minithænd] n (ųٳóáõÛóÇ)
certo in G ~ ëáÉ ÙÇÝáñ ѳٻñ·: ñáå»Ç ëɳù:
minutely II 523 mischief

minutely I [mai΄nju:tli] adv Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝá- ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ÃÛáõñÇÙ³óáõÃÛáõÝ. ëË³É Ï³ñÍÇù/


ñ»Ý, Ù³Ýñ³ÏñÏÇï. ×ß·ñïáñ»Ý: ѳëϳݳÉÁ. be under a ~ ÙáÉáñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç
minutely II [΄minitli] a, adv ³Ù»Ý ñáå» Ï³- ÉÇÝ»É. There is some ~ here ²Ûëï»Õ ÇÝã-áñ
ï³ñíáÕ ³ÝÁݹѳï. ³Ù»Ý/Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ ÃÛáõñÇÙ³óáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³:
ñáå»: misappropriate [‚misə΄prəuprieit] v ³åû-
minuteness [mai΄nju:tnəs] n Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ë- ñÇÝÇ ë»÷³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É/ͳËë»É. accuse of
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, Ù³Ýñ³ÏñÏÇïáõÃÛáõÝ. misappropriating the funds Ù»Õ³¹ñ»É ³ÝûñÇ-
minx [miŋks] n ѳݹáõ·Ý ³ÕçÇÏ/ÏÇÝ. ÏáÏ»- Ý³Ï³Ý Í³Ëë³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç:
ïáõÑÇ, ûè³μ³ñá ÏÇÝ: misappropriation [‚misəprəupri΄ei∫n] n
miracle [΄mirəkl] n Ññ³ßù, Ññ³ß³ÉÇù. work/ ³åûñÇÝÇ ë»÷³Ï³Ý³óáõÙ, Ûáõñ³óáõÙ. ~ of
perform /accomplish ~s Ññ³ßùÝ»ñ ·áñÍ»É. by power Çß˳ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ³åûñÇÝÇ Ûáõñ³óáõÙ:
some ~ ÇÝã-áñ Ññ³ßùáí. ~s of modern medi- misbehave [‚misbi΄heiv] v í³ï í³ñù³·ÇÍ
cine ųٳݳϳÏÇó μÅßÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ññ³ßùÝ»- ѳݹ»ë μ»ñ»É. Çñ»Ý í³ï å³Ñ»É:
ñÁ: misbehaviour [‚misbi΄heivjə] n í³ï í³ñ-
miraculous [mi΄rækjuləs] a Ññ³ß³ÉÇ, Ñdz- ù³·ÇÍ. criminal ~ ѳÝó³íáñ í³ñù³·ÇÍ:
ݳÉÇ, ·»ñμݳϳÝ, Ññ³ß³·áñÍ. His recov- misbelief [‚misbi΄li:f] n ÙáÉáñáõÃÛáõÝ, ë˳É
ery seemed ~ Üñ³ ³å³ùÇÝáõÙÁ Ññ³ßù ¿ñ ϳñÍÇù. Ñ»ñ»ïÇÏáëáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÃíáõÙ: misbeliever [‚misbi΄li:və] n Ñ»ñÓí³ÍáÕ, Ñ»-
mirage [΄mira:з] n å³ïñ³Ýù, Ùï³Ë³μáõ- ñ»ïÇÏáë:
ÃÛáõÝ. ÙÇñ³Å, û¹³ï»ëÇÉ: miscalculate [‚mis΄kælkjuleit] v ëË³É Ñ³ß-
mire [΄maiə] n ׳Ñ×áõï, ïÕÙáõï, ó»Ë. knee í»É, Çñ ѳßÇíÝ»ñÇ Ù»ç ë˳Éí»É. ~ the dis-
deep in the ~ ÙÇÝ㨠ÍáõÝÏÁ ó»ËÇ Ù»ç. stick/ tance/the expenses ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ/ͳËë»ñÁ
find oneself in the ~ ¹Åí³ñÇÝ Ï³óáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ëË³É Ñ³ßí»É:
ÉÇÝ»É: miscalculation [‚miskælkju΄lei∫n] n ë˳É
mirror [΄mirə] n ѳۻÉÇ, ѳۻɳÝÙ³Ý Ñ³ßíáõÙ, ѳßí»ë˳É:
ٳϻñ»ë. hand ~ Ó»éùÇ Ñ³Û»ÉÇ. rear/wing ~ miscall [‚mis΄kɔ:l] v ëË³É Ïáã»É. áõñÇßÇ ³-
³íïá. ÏáÕùÇ/Ñ»ï¨Ç ï»ëùÇ Ñ³Û»ÉÇ. false ~ ÝáõÝÁ ï³É:
Íáõé ѳۻÉÇ. look at oneself in the ~ Çñ»Ý miscarriage [mis΄kæridз] n ³ÝѳçáÕáõ-
ѳۻÉáõ Ù»ç ݳۻÉ: ÃÛáõÝ, Ó³Ëáñ¹áõÃÛáõÝ. μÅßÏ. íÇÅáõÙ. ~ of
mirroring [΄mirəriŋ] n ÑÙÏñ·. ѳۻɳÛÇÝ justice ÷Ëμ. ¹³ï³Ï³Ý ë˳É. ~ of goods
³ñï³å³ïÏ»ñáõÙ: ³åñ³ÝùÁ Ý߳ݳÏí³Í í³ÛñÁ ãѳëóÝ»ÉÁ:
mirth [mə:θ] n áõñ³ËáõÃÛáõÝ, óÝÍáõÃÛáõÝ: miscarr/y [mis΄kæri] v ³ÝѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ
mirthful [΄mə:θfl] a áõñ³Ë, ½í³ñÃ, μ»ñÏ- Ïñ»É, Ó³ËáÕí»É. (³åñ³ÝùÁ) ïÇñáçÁ
ñ³ÉÇó: ãѳëóÝ»É. ׳ݳå³ñÑÇÝ Ïáñã»É. The plan ~
miry [΄mairi] a ׳Ñ×áï. ó»Ëáï, ïÕÙáï, ied äɳÝÁ Ó³ËáÕí»ó:
Ï»Õïáï: miscast [‚mis΄ka:st] a (¹»ñÇÝ) ³Ýѳٳå³-
misadventure [‚misəd΄vent∫ə] n ¹Åμ³Ë- ï³ë˳Ý/ãѳٳå³ï³ë˳ÝáÕ. He’s ~ in
ïáõÃÛáõÝ, Ó³Ëáñ¹áõÃÛáõÝ. ÷áñÓ³Ýù. death that role ܳ ³Û¹ ¹»ñÇÝ ãÇ Ñ³Ù³å³-
by ~ Ù³Ñ ¹Åμ³Ëï å³ï³Ñ³ñÇó: ï³ë˳ÝáõÙ:
misanthrope [΄misnθrəup] n Ù³ñ¹³ïÛ³ó: miscellaneous [‚misə΄leiniəs] a ï³ñμ»ñ,
misapplication [‚misæpli΄kei∫n] n ã³ñ³ß³- μ³½Ù³½³Ý. ~ goods ³Ù»Ý³ï³ñμ»ñ ³å-
ÑáõÙ, ½»ÕÍáõÙ: ñ³ÝùÝ»ñ. ~ cûllection of people μ³½Ù»ñ³Ý·
misapply [‚misə΄plai] v ëË³É û·ï³·áñÍ»É. μ³½ÙáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ expenses ³ÛÉ Í³Ëë»ñ. ~ col-
ã³ñ³ß³Ñ»É. Çñ³í. ã³ñ³ß³Ñ»É. ½»ÕÍ»É. lection of stories ï³ñμ»ñ Ñ»ÕÇݳÏÝ»ñÇ
The word is often misapplied ´³éÁ Ñ³×³Ë å³ïÙí³ÍùÝ»ñÇ ÅáÕáí³Íáõ.
ëË³É ¿ û·ï³·áñÍíáõÙ: miscellany [mi΄seləni] n ˳éÝáõñ¹, ³Û-
misapprehend [‚misæpri΄hend] v ëË³É É¨³ÛÉù. ÅáÕáí³Íáõ, ·ñ³Ï³Ý ³ÉٳݳË:
ѳëϳݳÉ: mischance [‚mis΄t∫a:ns] n Ó³Ëáñ¹áõÃÛáõÝ,
misapprehension [‚misæpri΄hen∫n] n ÙáÉá- ÷áñÓ³Ýù. by ~ ¹Åμ³Ëï³μ³ñ:
mischief-maker 524 mishear

mischief [΄mist∫if] n ã³ñÇù, íݳë. make ~ ù³ï. ËÕ×áõÏ, áÕáñÙ»ÉÇ, ¹Åμ³Ëï. feel ~
íݳë»É, íݳë ï³É/å³ï׳é»É. Ïéí»óÝ»É. Çñ»Ý ¹Åμ³Ëï ½·³É. look ~ ËÕ×áõÏ ï»ëù
He made ~ between the brothers ܳ »Õμ³Ûñ- áõݻݳÉ. lead a ~ existence ËÕ×áõÏ ÏÛ³Ýù
Ý»ñÇÝ Ïéí»óñ»ó. (ã³ñ³××ÇáõÃÛáõÝ) eyes full í³ñ»É. a ~ sum ËÕ×áõÏ/áÕáñÙ»ÉÇ ·áõÙ³ñ. ~
of ~ ã³ñ³××Ç ³ãù»ñ. out of ~ ã³ñáõÃÛáõÝÇó. weather ³Ñ³íáñ »Õ³Ý³Ï. a ~ hovel ³Õù³-
That boy is full of /a little ~ ²Ûë ïÕ³Ý ã³ñ³- ïÇÏ Ëñ×ÇÃ. a ~ failure ³ÙáóÉÇ ï³å³ÉáõÙ
××Ç ¾. keep smn out of ~ ã³ñÇó Ñ»éáõ å³Ñ»É: (Ý»ñϳ۳óÙ³Ý):
mischief-maker [΄mist∫if‚meikə] n ÇÝïñÇ- miserably [΄mizərəbli] adv ËÕ×áõÏ/áÕáñÙ»-
·³Ý, ˳ñ¹³í³ÝÇ㣠ÉÇ Ï»ñåáí£
mischievous [΄mist∫ivəs] a ã³ñ, íݳë³Ï³ñ. miserly [΄maizəli] a Åɳï, ·ÍáõÍ:
a ~ rumour ã³ñ μ³Ùμ³ë³ÝùÝ»ñ. ~ child ã³- misery [΄mizəri] n Ë»Õ×áõÃÛáõÝ, Ãßí³éáõ-
ñ³××Ç/ã³ñ »ñ»Ë³: ÃÛáõÝ. ¹Åμ³ËïáõÃÛáõÝ, ï³é³å³Ýù. She
misconceive [‚miskən΄si:v] v ëË³É å³ï- made his life a ~ ܳ ³Û¹ Ù³ñ¹áõ ÏÛ³ÝùÁ
Ï»ñ³óáõÙ áõݻݳÉ, ëË³É Ñ³ëϳݳÉ/ÁÙ- ï³é³å³ÝùÇ í»ñ³Í»ó. He’s an old ~ ËëÏó.
μéÝ»É. The plan was ~d from the start Ìñ³- ܳ ÷ÝÃ÷ÝÃ³Ý Í»ñáõÏ ¿:
·ÇñÁ ëË³É ¿ñ Ñ»Ýó ³Ù»Ý³ëϽμÇó: misfeasance [‚mis΄fi:zəns] n Çñ³í. Çß˳-
misconception [‚miskən΄sep∫n] n ëË³É ÝáõÃÛ³Ý/å³ßïáÝ³Ï³Ý ¹ÇñùÇ ã³ñ³ß³-
ÁÙμéÝáõÙ, ÃÛáõñ ϳñÍÇù. a popular ~ ÑáõÙ:
(ѳÙÁݹѳÝáõñ) ÃÛáõñ å³ïÏ»ñ³óáõÙ: misfire [‚mis΄faiə] n ãÏñ³Ï»É. The gun ~d
misconduct [‚mis΄kɒndΛkt] n ë˳É/í³ï Ðñ³ó³ÝÁ ãÏñ³Ï»ó. His plans ~d Üñ³
í³ñù³·ÇÍ. professional ~ å³ßïáÝ³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñ»ñÁ ï³å³Éí»óÇÝ:
Çñ³í³Ë³ËïáõÙ/½³Ýó³Ýù: misfit [΄misfit] n ãѳñÙ³ñí³Í Ù³ñ¹, ³Ýѳ-
misconstruction [‚miskən΄strΛk∫n] n ëË³É çáÕ³Ï. social ~ ѳÝñ³ÛÝáñ»Ý ãѳñÙ³ñí³Í
Ù»Ïݳμ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ/ ÁÙμéÝáõÙ/ Ù»Ïݳμ³- Ù³ñ¹. This dress is a ~ г·áõëïÁ í³ï ¿
ÝáõÙ. Your words are open to ~ Ò»ñ μ³é»ñÁ ÝëïáõÙ. He’s a ~ in that job ܳ ãÇ Ñ³Ù³-
ϳñ»ÉÇ ¿ ëË³É Ù»Ïݳμ³Ý»É: å³ï³³ë˳ÝáõÙ ³Ûë ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇÝ:
misconstrue [‚miskən΄stru:] v ëË³É Ù»Ïݳ- misfit [΄misfit] v í³ï Ýëï»É (ѳ·áõëïÇ
μ³Ý»É. You have ~d my words ¸áõù ëË³É Ù³ëÇÝ)£
ѳëϳó³ù ÇÙ μ³é»ñÁ: misfortune [mis΄fɔ:t∫ən] n ¹Åμ³ËïáõÃÛáõÝ,
miscount [‚mis΄kaunt] n, v ëË³É Ñ³ßÇí. Ó³Ëáñ¹áõÃÛáõÝ. meet with ~ Ó³Ëáñ¹áõÃÛ³Ý
ѳßÇíÝ»ñÇ Ù»ç ë˳Éí»É. ~ the pages ¿ç»ñÁ ѳݹÇå»É. have the ~ ¹Åμ³ËïáõÃÛáõÝ
ëË³É Ñ³ßí»É: áõݻݳÉ:
misdeal [‚mis΄di:l] v ëË³É í³ñí»É: misgive [mis΄giv] v í³ï μ³Ý ·áõß³-
misdealing [‚mis΄di:liŋ] n ³Ý³½ÝÇí í³ñ- Ï»É/ݳ˳·áõ߳ϻÉ:
ÙáõÝù. ³ÝëϽμáõÝù í³ñù³·ÇÍ: misgiving [mis΄giviŋ] n ϳëϳÍ, í³Ë, ݳ-
misdeed [‚mis΄di:d] n ã³ñ³·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ, ˳½·³óáõÙ. not without ~s áã ³é³Ýó ϳë-
ѳÝó³·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ѳÝó³Ýù, ë˳ÉÙáõÝù, ϳÍÝ»ñÇ. have grave ~s Éáõñç ϳëϳÍÝ»ñ
ë˳ɣ áõݻݳÉ:
misdemeanour [‚misdi΄mi:nə] n ½³Ýó³Ýù, misgovern [‚mis΄gΛvn] v í³ï/ëË³É Ï³é³-
Ù³Ýñ ѳÝó³·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ: í³ñ»É:
misdirect [‚misdə΄rekt] v ëË³É Ñ³ëó»³- misguide [mis΄gaid] v ÙáÉáñ»óÝ»É, ë˳É
·ñ»É, ëË³É óáõóÙáõÝù ï³É. The letter was ׳ݳå³ñÑáí ï³Ý»É:
~ed ܳٳÏÁ ëË³É ¿ñ ѳëó»³·ñí³Í. Smb mishandle [‚mis΄hændl] v áã ÑÙáõï/ë˳É
~ed us Ø»½ ëË³É áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ ï³ñ³Ý/áõ- í³ñí»É. The watch has been ~d ijٳóáõÛóÁ
Õ³ñÏ»óÇÝ: ëË³É »Ý í»ñ³Ýáñá·»É:
misdirection [‚misdə΄rek∫n] n ëË³É Ñ³ë- mishap [΄mishæp] n Ó³Ëáñ¹áõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ýѳ-
ó»³·ñáõÙ. ëË³É áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝ ï³ÉÁ: çáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. without ~ ³é³Ýó ³ñϳÍÝ»ñÇ. a
miser [΄maizə] n Åɳï/·ÍáõÍ/³·³Ñ Ù³ñ¹: ~ in the kitchen ËëÏó. ïÑ³× å³ï³Ñ³ñ
miserable [΄mizərəbl] a Ë»Õ×, Ãßí³é, ³Õ- ËáѳÝáóáõÙ:
misinform 525 mis-step

mishear [‚mis΄hiə] v ëË³É Éë»É/ѳëϳݳÉ: miss II [mis] n íñÇåáõÙ, μ³óÃáÕáõÙ. Ó³Ëá-


misinform [‚misin΄fɔ:m] v ëË³É ï»Õ»Ïáõ- ÕáõÙ. give a ~ Ëáõë³÷»É, ËáõÛë ï³É. I’ll give
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ï³É, ³å³ÏáÕÙÝáñáß»É: the soup a ~ ²åáõñ ã»Ù áõï»Éáõ:
misinformation [‚misinfə΄mei∫n] n ëË³É miss [mis] v íñÇå»É, Ýå³ï³ÏÇÝ ãѳëÝ»É.
Ù»Ïݳμ³ÝáõÙ delibrate ~ ÙÇáõÙݳíáñ ëË³É The bullet ~ed him ¶Ý¹³ÏÁ Ýñ³Ý ãÏå³í. He
Ù»Ïݳμ³ÝáõÙ: ~ed the ball ܳ ãÏå³í ·Ý¹³ÏÇÝ. ~ the target
misinterpret [‚misin΄tə:prit] v ëË³É Ý»ñ- ÃÇñ³ËÇÝ ãË÷»É. íñÇå»É. I ~ed what he said
ϳ۳óÝ»É, ˻ճÃÛáõñ»É. ëË³É Ù»Ïݳμ³- âÉë»óÇ, û ݳ ÇÝã ³ë»ó. ~ classes ¹³ë»ñÁ
Ý»É. They ~ed my words Üñ³Ýù ëË³É Ñ³ë- μ³ó ÃáÕÝ»É. ~ a plane/a train áõß³Ý³É ·Ý³ó-
ϳó³Ý ÇÙ μ³é»ñÁ: ùÇó /ÇÝùݳÃÇéÇó. You’ve just ~ed him ܳ
misjudge [‚mis΄dзΛdз] v ëË³É Ï³ñÍÇù Ñ»Ýó Ýáñ ·Ý³ó. ~ the point ÷Ëμ. μ³ÝÇ
ϳ½Ù»É. ë˳Éí»É. ~ the situation Çñ³¹ñáõ- ¿áõÃÛáõÝÁ ãѳëϳݳÉ. ~ the chance Ñݳñ³-
ÃÛáõÝÁ ëË³É ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É. I ~d him ºë ëË³É íáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ μ³ó ÃáÕÝ»É. (ϳñáï»É) She ~
ϳñÍÇù ϳ½Ù»óÇ Ýñ³ Ù³ëÇÝ: es her mother ܳ ϳñáïáõÙ ¿ Çñ ÙáñÁ. We
mislay [mis΄lei] v ëË³É ï»Õ ¹Ý»É, ÏáñóÝ»É. ~ed you very much Ø»Ýù Ó»½ ß³ï ¿ÇÝù
I have mislaid my book â·Çï»Ùª áõñ »Ù ¹ñ»É ϳñáï»É. (μ³ó ÃáÕÝ»É) ~ out a whole para-
·Çñùë: graph ÙÇ ³ÙμáÕç å³ñ³·ñ³ý μ³ó ÃáÕÝ»É.
mislead [mis΄li:d] v ÙáÉáñ»óÝ»É, ˳μ»É. (Ýϳï»É μ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ) I didn’t ~ the key
ëË³É ³é³çÝáñ¹»É. You have been misled ºë ãÝϳï»óÇ, áñ μ³Ý³ÉÇÝ ï»ÕáõÙ ã¿ñ.
Ò»½ ÃÛáõñÇÙ³óáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç »Ý ·ó»É: When did you first ~ the bag? º±ñμ Ýϳï»óÇù
misleading [mis΄li:diŋ] a ÙáÉáñ»óÝáÕ, ˳- å³Ûáõë³ÏÇ μ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ:
μáõëÇÏ. a ~ title ˳μáõëÇÏ í»ñݳ·Çñ The mis-shapen [‚mis΄∫eipən] a ïÓ¨, ï·»Õ:
advertisment is ~ ¶áí³½¹Á ÙáÉáñ»óÝáÕ ¿: missile [΄misail] n ÑñÃÇé. guided ~ ջϳ-
mismanage [‚mis΄mænidз] v í³ï ϳé³- í³ñíáÕ ÑñÃÇé. a ~ base ÑñÃÇé³ÛÇÝ μ³½³:
í³ñ»É. ³ÝßÝáñÑù í³ñí»É. ~ the affair ·áñ- missing [΄misiŋ] a ûñÇ, å³Ï³ë, μ³ó³Ï³,
ÍÇó ·ÉáõË ãѳݻÉ: Ïáñ³Í. the ~ pages å³Ï³ë ¿ç»ñÁ. the ~ link
mismatch [‚mis΄mæt∫] n ÑÙÏñ·. ³Ýѳٳ- å³ÏëáÕ/μ³ó³Ï³ÛáÕ ûÕ³ÏÁ. ~ persons ³Ý-
å³ï³ë˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ãѳÙÁÝÏÝ»ÉÁ: Ñ»ï Ïáñ³ÍÝ»ñÁ. my bag is ~ ÇÙ å³Ûáõë³ÏÁ
misplace [‚mis΄pleis] v ëË³É ï»ÕÁ ¹Ý»É. ï»- Ïáñ»É ¿. ~ in action Ù³ñïáõÙ ³ÝѳÛï Ïá-
ÕÁ ã¹Ý»É. The book is ~d ¶ÇñùÁ Çñ ï»ÕáõÙ ñ³Í:
ã¿. His confidence in her was ~d ܳ ë˳Éí»ó mission [΄mi∫n] n Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóãáõÃÛáõÝ, ³é-
ÏÝáçÁ íëï³Ñ»Éáí: ³ù»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ.å³ïíÇñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ѳÝÓݳ-
misprint [΄misprint] v íñÇå³Ï, ïå³·ñ³- ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ³é³ç³¹ñ³Ýù. trade, comer-
Ï³Ý ë˳ɣ cial/diplomaic ~ ³é¨ïñ³Ï³Ý/¹Çí³Ý³·Ç-
mispronunciation [‚misprənΛnsi΄ei∫n] n ï³Ï³Ý Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóãáõÃÛáõÝ. He considers
ëË³É ³ñï³ë³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: it his ~ in life ܳ ¹³ ѳٳñáõÙ ¿ Çñ ÏÛ³ÝùÇ
misquote [‚mis΄kwəut] v ëË³É Ó¨áí Ù»ç- ÏáãáõÙÁ:
μ»ñ»É. ~ the words μ³é»ñÝ ³Õ³í³Õ»É: missionary [΄mi∫nəri] n, a ÙÇëÇáÝ»ñ, ÙÇ-
misread [‚mis΄ri:d] v ëË³É Ï³ñ¹³É/Ù»Ïݳ- ëÇáÝ»ñ³Ï³Ý:
μ³Ý»É: missive [΄misiv]1. n å³ßïáÝ³Ï³Ý Ý³Ù³Ï,
misrepresent [‚misrepri΄zent] v ëË³É Ý»ñ- áõÕ»ñÓ. 2. a Ññáí³ñï³Ï³ÛÇÝ, áõÕ»ñÓ³ÛÇÝ£
ϳ۳óÝ»É, ˻ճÃÛáõñáõÙ. ˻ճÃÛáõñ»É: mis-spell [‚mis΄spel] v ï³é³ëË³É ³Ý»É. ~
misrepresentation [‚misreprizen΄tei∫n] n one’s name ³ÝáõÝÁ ëË³É ·ñ»É:
˻ճÃÛáõñáõÙ. ~ of facts ÷³ëï»ñÇ Ë»Õ³- mis-spend [‚mis΄spend] v í³ïÝ»É, ÙëË»É:
ÃÛáõñáõÙ. fraudulent ~ ÙÇïáõÙݳíáñ ˻ճ- mis-state [‚mis΄steit] v ëË³É Ñ³Ûï³ñ³ñáõ-
ÃÛáõñáõÙ: ÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É. Ï»ÕÍ íϳÛáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É:
misrule [‚mis΄ru:l] n í³ï ϳé³í³ñáõÙ. mis-statement [‚mis΄steitmənt] n ë˳É
ËéáíáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ýϳñ·áõÃÛáõÝ: ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
miss I [mis] n ûñÇáñ¹: mis-step [‚mis΄step] v ëË³É ù³ÛÉ ³Ý»É.
mist 526 mixed up

ë³Ûóù»É: ¿. It’s getting ~ Øßáõß ¿ μ³ñÓñ³ÝáõÙ:


mist [mist] n Ù»·. Ùßáõß, Ù³é³ËáõÕ. Ù³Ýñ³- misunderstand [‚misΛndə΄stænd] v ë˳É
Ù³Õ ³ÝÓñ¨£ ѳëϳݳÉ/ÁÙμéÝ»É. Don’t ~ me ÆÝÓ ×Çßï
mist [mist] v Ù³é³ËáõÕáí/Ùßáõßáí å³ï»É. ѳëϳó»ù:
³ñóáõÝùáí/·áÉáñßÇáí Ùßáõßí»É. The mirror misunderstanding [‚misΛndə΄stændiŋ] n
~ed up гۻÉÇÝ ·áÉáñßÇáí å³ïí»É ¿ñ: ÃÛáõñÇÙ³óáõÃÛáõÝ, ï³ñ³Ó³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ. clear
mistake [mi΄steik] n ë˳É, íñÇå³Ï, ÃÛáõñÇ- up a ~ ÃÛáõñÇÙ³óáõÃÛáõÝÁ å³ñ½»É:
Ù³óáõÃÛáõÝ by ~ ë˳ÉÙ³Ùμ. a serious/fool- misuse [‚mis΄ju:s] n ã³ñ³ß³ÑáõÙ. a ~ of pub-
ish/obvious ~ ϳñ¨áñ/ÑÇÙ³ñ/³ÏÝѳÛï lic money/power Çß˳ÝáõÃÛ³Ý/å»ï³Ï³Ý
ë˳É. clerical ~ ·ñ³ë»Ý۳ϳÛÇÝ ë˳É/íñÇ- ·áõÙ³ñÝ»ñÇ ã³ñ³ß³ÑáõÙ:
å³Ï. ~ of fact ÷³ëï³Ï³Ý ë˳É. ~ of law misuse [‚mis΄ju:z] v ëË³É û·ï³·áñÍ»É/
Çñ³íáõÝùÇ ëË³É ÏÇñ³éáõÙ. make a big ~ ·áñͳͻÉ. ã³ñ³ß³Ñ»É. ~ the word μ³éÁ
Ù»Í ëË³É ÃáõÛÉ ï³É. learn from one’s ~s ëË³É û·ï³·áñÍ»É:
ë˳ÉÝ»ñÇ íñ³ ëáíáñ»É. There must be some mite [mait] n ãÝãÇÝ/åëïÇÏ μ³Ý. ÉáõÙ³, ѳ-
~ ²Ûëï»Õ ÇÝã-áñ ëË³É Ï³. no ~ about it ³Ý- Ù»ëï ³í³Ý¹. not a ~ ³Ù»Ý¨ÇÝ. Poor/Little
ϳëϳÍ. My ~ ! ػճíáñ »Ù, ê˳Éí»É »Ù: ~ ! Ê»¯Õ× ÷áùñÇÏ:
mistake [mi΄steik] v ë˳Éí»É, ÙáÉáñáõÃÛ³Ý mitigat/e [΄mitigeit] v Ù»ÕÙ³óÝ»É, ã³÷³íá-
Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É. ~ the meaning ëË³É Ñ³ëÏ³Ý³É ñ»É, ûè³óÝ»É. ~ ing circumstances Ù»ÕÙ³-
ÇÙ³ëïÁ. He gets ~n for his brother Üñ³Ý óáõóÇã ѳݷ³Ù³ÝùÝ»ñ£
»Õμáñ ï»Õ »Ý ÁݹáõÝáõÙ. ~ the turning ëË³É mitigation [‚miti΄gei∫n] n Ù»ÕÙ³óáõÙ, ³Ùá-
ßñç³¹³ñÓ Ï³ï³ñ»É: ùáõÙ, ûè³óáõÙ ~ of damages íݳë³Ñ³-
mistaken [mi΄steikən] a ë˳É, áã ×Çßï. a ~ ïáõóÙ³Ý Ù»ÕÙ³óáõÙ. He pleaded in ~ that...
opinion ëË³É Ï³ñÍÇù. be ~ ë˳Éí»É. He is àñå»ë Ù»ÕÙ³óáõóÇã ѳݷ³Ù³Ýù ݳ
never ~ ܳ »ñμ»ù ãÇ ë˳ÉíáõÙ: μ»ñ»ó..:
mister [΄mistə] n (Ïñ×. Mr.) å³ñáÝ. Mr. mitten [΄mitn] n óÃÙ³Ý, óÃå³Ý.
Chairman å³ñáÝ Ý³Ë³·³Ñ: μéÝóù³Ù³ñïÇÏÇ Ã³Ãå³Ý. ÷Ëμ. μéáõÝóù.
mistimed [‚mis΄taimd] a ³ÝųٳݳÏ, ³Ý- tip one’s ~ μ³ñ¨»É (Ó»éùáí). give the ~ Ù»ñ-
å³ï»Ñ: Å»É (÷»ë³óáõÇÝ):
mistiness [΄mistinəs] n ÙßáõßáïáõÃÛáõÝ, mix [miks] n ˳éÝáõñ¹:
Ùßáõß, Ù³é³ËáõÕ: mix [miks] v ˳éÝ(í)»É, ÙdzóÝ»É, ß÷í»É. ~
mistletoe [΄misltəu] n μëμ. ÙÕ³Ùáõñ×, up ɳí ˳éÝ»É. be ~ed up ˳éÁ ÉÇÝ»É áñ¨¿
ûٻɳ: μ³ÝÇ Ù»ç. They don’t ~ well Üñ³Ýù Çñ³ñ ã»Ý
mistreatment [‚mis΄tri:tmənt] n ë˳É/í³ï ѳٳå³ï³ë˳ÝáõÙ. ~ sugar with the flour
í»ñ³μ»ñÙáõÝù: ˳éÝ»É ß³ù³ñÁ ¨ ³ÉÛáõñÁ. ~ business with
mistress [΄mistrəs] n ïÇÏÇÝ, ï³ÝïÇÏÇÝ. pleasure ÷Ëμ. ÙdzÏó»É ѳ×áõÛùÁ ¨ û·ï³-
ï³ÝïÇñáõÑÇ. áõëáõóãáõÑÇ. head ~ í³ñÇã, ϳñÁ. She doesn’t ~ well ܳ ß÷íáÕ Ù³ñ¹ ã¿.
ïÝûñ»Ý. ~ of the situation ÷Ëμ. ¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý (ß÷áûÉ) I always ~ them up ºë ÙÇßï Ýñ³Ýó
ïÇñáõÑÇ. She is her own ~ ܳ ÇÝùÝ Çñ ï»ñÝ ß÷áÃáõÙ »Ù. He ~ed up their names ܳ ß÷á-
¿. (Ïñ×. Mrs.). ïÇÏÇÝ (¹ÇÙáõÙÇ Ó¨) Mrs ûó Ýñ³Ýó ³ÝáõÝÝ»ñÁ. Don’t get ~ up in that
Brown ïÇÏÇÝ ´ñ³áõÝ: affair ØÇ° ˳éÝíÇñ ³Û¹ ·áñÍÇÝ. (ÙdzݳÉ)
mistrial [‚mis΄traiəl] n ëË³É ¹³ï³í³ñáõ- Oil and water don’t ~ ÚáõÕÝ áõ çáõñÁ ã»Ý
ÃÛáõÝ: ÙdzÝáõÙ:
mistrust [‚mis΄trΛst] 1. n ³Ýíëï³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ, mixed [mikst] a ˳éÁ, ï³ñ³μÝáõÛÃ. a ~
ϳëϳÍ. 2. v ϳëϳͻÉ, ãíëï³Ñ»É: marriage ˳éÁ ³ÙáõëÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ farming
mistrustful [‚mis΄trΛstfl] a ϳëϳͳÙÇï, ˳éÁ/áã Ù³ëݳ·Çï³óí³Í ïÝï»ëáõ-
ãíëï³ÑáÕ: ÃÛáõÝ. ~ sweets ÏáÝý»ïÝ»ñÇ Ñ³í³ù³Íáõ.
misty [΄misti] a ÙÇ·³å³ï, ÙÇ·³Ù³Í. ÷Ëμ. (have) ~ feelings ï³ñμ»ñ ½·³óÙáõÝùÝ»ñ
³Õáï, ³Ýå³ñ½, Ùßáõß³å³ï. ~ outlines (áõݻݳÉ):
³Õáï áõñí³·ÇÍ. It’s ~ today ²Ûëûñ Ùßáõßáï mixed up [΄mikst Λp] a Ë××í³Í, ˳éÝí³Í.
mixer 527 moderation

He’s all ~ ܳ μáÉáñáíÇÝ Ë××í»É ¿ He ‘s a ~ óñÏ»É:


kid ܳ ¹Åí³ñ »ñ»Ë³ ¿: mocker [΄mɒkə] n ͳÕñáÕ, ͳÕñ³μ³Ý.
mixer [΄miksə] n ˳éÝÇã. ˳éÝáÕ Ù»ù»Ý³. ͳÕñ³ë³ñÛ³Ï:
ÙÇùë»ñ. good/bad ~ ß÷íáÕ. Ù³ñ¹³Ùáï/áã mockery [΄mɒkəri] n ͳÕñ, ͳÕñ³Ýù.
Ù³ñ¹³Ùáï Ù³ñ¹: ͳÕñÇ ³é³ñϳ. They made a ~ of the cere-
mixture [΄mikst∫ə] n ˳éÝáõñ¹, ˳éÝáõÙ. mony Üñ³Ýù ³Û¹ ³ñ³ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ ͳÕñÇ
¹Õ·Í. ˳éÁ Ñ»Õáõϳ¹»Õ, ÙÇùëïáõñ³. a ~ í»ñ³Í»óÇÝ:
of tragedy and farce áÕμ»ñ·áõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ý³ñëÇ mocking-bird [΄mɒkiŋbə:d] n ͳÕñ³ë³ñ-
˳éÝáõñ¹: Û³Ï (ÃéãáõÝ)£
mix-up [΄miksΛp] n ÏéÇí, ˳éݳß÷áÃáõ- mock up [΄mɒkΛp] ٳϻï:
ÃÛáõÝ, Í»ÍÏéïáó. get into a ~ ˳éÁ å³ï- modal [΄məudl] a Ùá¹³É, »Õ³Ý³Ï³íáñáÕ. ~
ÙáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÁÝÏÝ»É: verb Ùá¹³É/»Õ³Ý³Ï³íáñáÕ μ³Û:
moan [məun] 1. n ѳé³ã³Ýù, áÕμ. ïÝùáó. mod cons [mɒd kɒns] n ËëÏó. (Ïñ×. modern
~ with pain ó³íÇó ïÝù³É. The wind ~ed conveniences-Çó) ųٳݳϳÏÇó ѳñÙ³-
ø³ÙÇÝ áéÝáõÙ ¿ñ. He is always ~ing ܳ ñ³ÝùÝ»ñ/ѳñÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ:
³ÝÁݹѳï ïñïÝçáõÙ ¿. 2. v ѳé³ã»É, mode [məud] n »Õ³Ý³Ï, Ï»ñå, Ó¨. ~ of life
áÕμ³É, ïñïÝç³É: ³åñ»É³Ï»ñå. ~ of action ·áñͻɳӨ a
moat [məut] n ÷áë, Ëñ³Ù. working ~ ·áñÍáÕ ûñÇݳÏ. the latest Paris ~s
mob [mɒb] n ³ÙμáË, ³Ýϳ½Ù³Ï»ñå ÅáÕá- ö³ñÇ½Û³Ý Ýáñ³·áõÛÝ Ùá¹»ÉÝ»ñÁ. a ~ of
íáõñ¹. an angry ~ ϳï³Õ³Í ³ÙμáË: virtue ³é³ùÇÝáõÃÛ³Ý ïÇå³ñ. a sport’s ~
mob [mɒb] v ËéÝí»É, ³ÙμáËí»É, ³ÙμáËáí Ù³ñ½³Ï³Ý ÝÙáõß/Ùá¹»É. artist’s ~ μÝáñ¹/
ßñç³å³ï»É. The singer was ~bed ²ÙμáËÁ μÝáñ¹áõÑÇ. fashion ~ ٳݻϻÝ.
ßñç³å³ï»ó »ñ·ãÇÝ: model [΄mɒdl] a ûñÇݳϻÉÇ, ïÇå³ÛÇÝ. a ~
school ûñÇݳϻÉÇ ¹åñáó. a ~ train/plane ˳-
mobile [΄məubail] a ß³ñųϳÝ, ß³ñÅáõÝ. a
Õ³ÉÇù ·Ý³óù/ÇÝùݳÃÇé:
~ face ß³ñÅáõÝ ¹»Ùù. ~ library ß³ñųϳÝ
·ñ³¹³ñ³Ý. ~ telephone ß³ñÅ³Ï³Ý Ñ»é³-
model [΄mɒdl] v ÝÙáõß/ûñÇݳÏ, Ùá¹»É å³ï-
ñ³ëï»É. ~ dresses ѳ·áõëïÝ»ñ Ó¨³íáñ»É.
Ëáë. ~ forces é½Ù. ³ñ³·³ß³ñÅ ½áñù»ñ.
áñå»ë μÝáñ¹/Ù³Ý»Ï»Ý ³ß˳ï»É. ~ a figure
He’s ~ again ËëÏó. ܳ ÝáñÇó Ç íÇ׳ÏÇ ¿
³ñÓ³ÝÇÏ ßÇÝ»É. ~ oneself on smb Ù»ÏÇÝ
ß³ñÅí»É:
ÁݹûñÇݳϻÉ, Ù»ÏÇó ûñÇÝ³Ï í»ñóÝ»É:
mobility [məu΄biləti] n ß³ñÅáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ, modelling [΄mɒdliŋ] n Ó¨³íáñáõÙ, ÁݹûñÇ-
³ÝϳÛáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ¹Ûáõñ³ß³ñÅáõÃÛáõÝ:
ݳÏáõÙ. ٳݻϻÝÇ/μÝáñ¹Ç (μÝáñ¹áõÑáõ)
mobilization [‚məubəlai΄zei∫n] n ½áñ³- ³ß˳ï³Ýù:
ѳí³ù, 鳽ٳϳݳóáõÙ. Ï»ÝïñáݳóáõÙ:
modem [΄məudem] n ÑÙÏñ·. Ùá¹»Ù:
mobilize [΄məubəlaiz] v 鳽ٳϳݳóÝ»É, moderate [΄mɒdərət] n ͳÛñ³Ñ»Õ Ñáë³Ýù-
ÙáμÇÉǽ³óÝ»É:
Ý»ñÇÝ ãѳñáÕ, ã³÷³íáñ Ù³ñ¹:
moccasin [΄mɒkəsin] n ÙáϳëÇÝ, ³Ù»ñÇÏ- moderate [΄mɒdərət] a ã³÷³íáñ, ÙÇçÇÝ.
Û³Ý ÑݹϳóÇÝ»ñÇ ÷³÷áõÏ ÏáßÇÏ/Ù³ßÇÏ: ½áõëå, μ³ñ»Ë³éÝ, Ù»ÕÙ. ~ prices ã³÷³íáñ
mocha [΄mɒkə] n (ݳ¨ ~ coffee) ÙáÏÏá ·Ý»ñ. ~ demands ã³÷³íáñ å³Ñ³ÝçÝ»ñ. ~
(ÁÝïÇñ ëáõñ×): in views ã³÷³íáñ ѳ۳óùÝ»ñÇ ï»ñ:
mock [mɒk] n ͳÕñ, ͳÕñáõÙ, Ýß³í³ÏáõÙ. moderat/e [΄mɒdəreit] v ã³÷³íáñ»É, ã³÷
make a ~ of smn Ýñ³Ý ͳÕñÇ »ÝóñÏ»óÇÝ£ ¹Ý»É, Ù»ÕٳݳÉ. ~ one’s demands å³-
mock [mɒk] a Ï»ÕÍ, ßÇÝÍáõ, Ó¨³óñ³Í. ~ ѳÝçÝ»ñÁ ã³÷³íáñ»É. The wind is ~ing
modesty Ï»ÕÍ/ßÇÝÍáõ ѳٻëïáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ trial ø³ÙÇÝ ÃáõɳÝáõÙ ¿:
ë³ñùáíÇ ¹³ï. ¹³ï³Ë³Õ£ moderately [΄mɒdərətli] adv ~ successful
mock [mɒk] v ͳÕñ»É, ã³ñ³óÝ»É, ·ñ·é»É. áñáß Ñ³çáÕáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ/ѳëÝ»É:
The children ~ed the fat boy ºñ»Ë³Ý»ñÁ ͳÕ- moderation [‚mɒdə΄rei∫n] n ã³÷³íáñáõ-
ñáõÙ ¿ÇÝ Ñ³ëïÉÇÏÇÝ. They ~ed at my efforts ÃÛáõÝ, ½ëåí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, ÅáõÅϳÉáõÃÛáõÝ. in ~
Üñ³Ýù ÍÇͳÕáõÙ ¿ÇÝ ÇÙ ·áñÍ³Í ×Ç·»ñÇ ã³÷³íáñ Ï»ñåáí. taken in ~ ã³÷³íáñ
íñ³. ~ and ridicule ͳÕñáõͳݳÏÇ »Ý- ù³Ý³Ïáí. ~ in eating ã³÷³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ áõ-
moderator 528

ï»ÉáõÙ: óáõÃÛáõÝ:
moderator [΄mɒdəreitə] n ϳñ·³íáñÇã, molar [΄məulə] n ë»Õ³Ý³ï³Ù:
ϳÝáݳíáñÇã. ÙÇçÝáñ¹. ѳßï³ñ³ñ ¹³- molasses [məu΄læsiz] n Ù³Ã, Ï»ñ³Ù³Ã:
ï³íáñ: mole I [məul] n ˳É:
modern [΄mɒdn] n ųٳݳϳÏÇó Ù³ñ¹: mole II [məul] n ϻݹ. ËÉáõñ¹:
modern [΄mɒdn] a ųٳݳϳÏÇó, ³ñ¹Ç. mole III [məul] n Íáí³å³ïÝ»ß, ³Ùμ³ñ-
~ languages ųٳݳϳÏÇó É»½áõÝ»ñ. in ~ ï³Ï, ÃáõÙμ:
times Ù»ñ ûñ»ñáõÙ/ųٳݳÏÝ»ñáõÙ. ~ law molecular [mə΄lekjulə] a ÙáÉ»ÏáõÉÇ, ÙáÉ»-
·áñÍáÕ ûñ»Ýù: ÏáõɳÛÇÝ:
modernize [΄mɒdənaiz] v ³ñ¹Ç³Ï³Ý³ó- molecule [΄mɒlikju:l] n ÙáÉ»ÏáõÉ:
Ý»É: mole-hill [΄məulhil] n ËÉáõñ¹Ç ÃáõÙμ/ÃÙμÇÏ.
modest [΄mɒdist] a ѳٻëï, å³ñÏ»ßï, ³Ý- make a mountain out of a ~ ÉáõÝ áõÕï ¹³ñÓ-
ßáõù, å³ñ½. a ~ house/income/person ѳ- Ý»É:
Ù»ëï ïáõÝ/»Ï³Ùáõï/³ÝÓݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ: moleskin [΄məulskin] n ËÉáõñ¹Ç ÙáñÃÇ/
modesty [΄mɒdəsti] n å³ñÏ»ßïáõÃÛáõÝ, ϳßÇ. ¹ñ³ÝÇó ϳñí³Í ï³μ³ï:
ѳٻëïáõÃÛáõÝ, å³ñ½áõÃÛáõÝ: molest [mə΄lest] v ³Ýѳݷëï³óÝ»É, ïѳ-
modicum [΄mɒdikəm] n ß³ï ÷áùñ ù³Ý³- ×áõÃÛáõÝ å³ï׳é»É. Ó³Ýñ³óÝ»É:
ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ of common sense ³éáÕç ¹³ïá- mollification [‚mɒlifi΄kei∫n] n ѳݹ³ñï»ó-
ÕáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇ Ï³ÃÇÉ. a ~ of effort ³é³Ýó Ù»Í Ý»ÉÁ. Ù»ÕÙ³óÝ»ÉÁ:
ç³Ýù»ñÇ: mollify [΄mɒlifai] v Ù»ÕÙ³óÝ»É, ѳݷëï³ó-
modification [‚mɒdifi΄kei∫n] n ÷á÷áËáõ- Ý»É:
ÃÛáõÝ, Ó¨³íáñáõÙ: mollusc [΄mɒləsk] n ϳÏÕ³ÙáñÃ, ÙáÉÛáõëÏ:
modify [΄mɒdifai] v ÷á÷áË»É, Ó¨³÷áË»É. molly-coddle [΄mɒli‚kɒdl]1. n ÷³÷ϳ-
The old buildings were modified ÐÇÝ ßÇÝáõ-
ëáõÝ/÷³÷ϳë»ñ Ù³ñ¹. 2. v ÷³Û÷³Û»É,
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ Ó¨³÷áËí»É ¿ÇÝ:
»ñ»ë ï³É:
modish [΄məudi∫] a Ýáñ³Ó¨, Ùṳ۳ϳÝ: molten [΄məultən] a ÓáõɳÍá, ÓáõɳÍ, ѳ-
modular [΄mɒdju:lə] a ÑÙÏñ·. Ùá¹áõɳÛÇÝ. ɳÍ:
~ programming Ùá¹áõɳÛÇÝ Íñ³·ñ³íáñáõÙ:
modulate [΄mɒdjuleit] v »ñÅß. »É¨¿ç»É. ýǽ. moment [΄məumənt] n å³Ñ, ÙáÙ»Ýï,
í³ÛñÏÛ³Ý. just a/wait a ~ ÙÇ ñáå». at the pres-
ѳ׳˳ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÷á÷áË»É:
ent ~ Ý»ñϳÛÇë å³ÑÇÝ. at any ~, any ~ now
modulation [‚mɒdju΄lei∫n] n »ñÅß. »É¨¿çáõÙ,
ó³Ýϳó³Í å³ÑÇÝ. This is not the right ~ ê³
ïáÝÇ ÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝ. ѳ׳˳ϳÝáõÃÛ³Ý
ѳñÙ³ñ å³Ñ ã¿. at odd ~s ³½³ï ų-
÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝ:
ٳݳÏ. to the ~ ×ßïáñ»Ý, ×Çßï ųٳ-
module [΄mɒdju:l] n ÑÙÏñ·. Ùá¹áõÉ. Íñ³·ñÇ
ݳÏÇÝ. from ~ to ~ ³Ù»Ý ñáå». for the ~
ѳٻٳï³μ³ñ ³ÝÏ³Ë Ù³ë:
modus [΄məudəs] n ɳï. »Õ³Ý³Ï, Ù»Ãá¹. ~ ³é³ÛÅÙ. at a moment’s notice ³é³çÇÝ ÇëÏ
operandi/vivandi ·áñͻɳϻñå/³åñ»É³- å³Ñ³Ýçáí. of great/little ~ ϳñ¨áñ/³Ý-
Ï»ñå: ϳñ¨áñ, ùÇã ϳñ¨áñ. of no ~ ³Ýϳñ¨áñ.
mohair [΄məuheə] n ³Ý·áñ³Ï³Ý ³ÛÍÇ Ù³½. matters of ~ ϳñ¨áñ ·áñÍ»ñ:
ÙáÑ»ñ: momentarily [΄məuməntərəli] adv ïíÛ³É
moil [mɔil]1. n ͳÝñ ³ß˳ï³Ýù. ÷Ëμ. å³ÑÇÝ:
ï³Ýç³Ýù. 2. v ͳÝñ, ë¨ ³ß˳ï³Ýù momentary [΄məuməntəri] a í³Ûñϻݳ-
ϳï³ñ»É (ݳ¨ ËëÏó. toil and ~): ϳÝ, ñá廳ϳÝ. í³Õ³ÝóÇÏ, ϳñ׳ï¨. a
moist [mɔist] a Ëáݳí, óó³íáõÝ. eyes ~ ~ flash í³ÛñÏ»Ý³Ï³Ý ÷³Ûɳï³ÏáõÙ. a ~
with tears ³ñóáõÝùÝ»ñÇó Ëáݳí³ó³Í lapse of memory ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛ³Ý ñá廳ϳÝ
³ãù»ñ: Ïáñáõëï:
moisten [΄mɔisn] v Ëáݳí³óÝ»É, Ãñç»É. ~ momently [΄məuməntli] adv ñáå» ³é ñáå»,
one’s lips ßñÃáõÝùÝ»ñÁ Ëáݳí³óÝ»É/ ß³ï ßáõïáí. ÙÇ å³Ñ/ í³ÛñÏÛ³Ý:
Éåëï»É: momentous [məu΄mentəs] a ϳñ¨áñ, , Ù»Í
moisture [΄mɔist∫ə] n ËáݳíáõÃÛáõÝ, ó- Ý߳ݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»óáÕ.ÙÇ å³Ñ/í³ÛñÏÛ³Ý.
momentum 529 monotonous

a ~ discovery/occasion ϳñ¨áñ ѳÛïݳ·áñ- ñáõݹ. ˳éݳÍÇÝ, áã ³½Ýí³ó»Õ:


ÍáõÃÛáõÝ/¹»åù, Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ: monitor [΄mɒnitə] n ¹³ë³ñ³ÝÇ/ËÙμÇ ³-
momentum [məu΄mentəm] n ß³ñÅÇã áõÅ, í³·. ÑÙÏñ·. ÙáÝÇïáñ, ¹Çë÷É»Û. ~ program-
ÙÕáõÙ. ýǽ. ß³ñÅÙ³Ý ù³Ý³Ï/ ³ñ³- me ջϳí³ñáÕ Íñ³·Çñ. TV ~ Ñ»éáõë-
·áõÃÛáõÝ. gather/lose ~ ٻͳóÝ»É/ÏáñóÝ»É ï³óáõÛóÇ ¿Ïñ³Ý. é³¹Çá ѳÕáñ¹áõÙÝ»ñÇ
³ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝÁ. áõÅ/ó÷ ѳí³ù»É: ËÙμ³·Çñ/ÑëÏÇã:
monadic operation [mɒ΄nædik‚ɒpə΄rei∫n] monitoring [΄mɒnitəriŋ] n í»ñ³ÑëÏáõÙ,
ÑÙÏñ·. Ù»Ï ûå»ñ³Ý¹áí ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝ: ·³ÕïݳÉëáõÙ. ~ committee í»ñ³ÑëÏáÕ
monarch [΄mɒnək] n Ùdzå»ï, ÇÝùݳϳÉ: ѳÝÓݳËáõÙμ:
monarchy [΄mɒnəki] n Ùdzå»ïáõÃÛáõÝ. ab- monk [mΛŋk] n í³Ý³Ï³Ý, Ïáõë³ÏñáÝ,
solute ~ μ³ó³ñÓ³Ï Ùdzå»ïáõÃÛáõÝ. Con- monkey [΄mΛŋki] n ϳåÇÏ. You little ~! ¸áõ,
stitutioal/limited ~ ë³Ñٳݳ¹ñ³Ï³Ý Ùdz- ÷áùñÇ°Ï ã³ñ³××Ç. make a ~ of smn Ù»ÏÇÝ
å»ïáõÃÛáõÝ: ÍÇͳÕÇ ³é³ñϳ ¹³ñÓÝ»É:
monastery [΄mɒnəstəri] n í³Ýù, ٻݳë- monkey [΄mΛŋki] v ͳÕñ»É, Ñ»·Ý»É, ·ÉËÇÝ
ï³Ý (ïÕ³Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó): Ë³Õ Ë³Õ³É. Stop ~ing! ì»°ñç ïáõñ
monastic [mə΄næstik]1. n í³Ý³Ï³Ý, ³μ»- ϳåÇÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñǹ:
Õ³. 2. a í³ÝùÇ, í³Ý³Ï³Ý: monkey-business [΄mΛŋki‚biznəs] n
Monday [΄mΛndei] n »ñÏáõß³μÃÇ: ³ÝÇÙ³ëï ³ß˳ï³Ýù. ÑÇÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ:
monetary [΄mΛnitəri] a ¹ñ³Ù³Ï³Ý, ¹ñ³- monkeyish [΄mΛŋkii∫] a ϳåϳÛÇÝ, ϳå-
Ù³ÛÇÝ. ~ system ¹ñ³Ù³Ï³Ý ѳٳϳñ·. ~ ϳÝÙ³Ý, ã³ñ³××Ç:
unit ÷áÕÇ Ùdzíáñ: monkey nut [΄mΛŋkinΛt] n ·»ïݳÝáõß,
money [΄mΛni]1. n ¹ñ³Ù, ÷áÕ. paper/pub- ³ñ³ËÇë:
lic/ready/pocket ~ ÃÕó¹ñ³Ù. ѳë³ñ³Ï³- monkey-wrench [΄mΛŋkirent∫] n μ³óáíÇ
Ï³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ/¹ñ³Ù. ϳÝËÇÏ/³éÓ»éÝ åïáõï³Ï³μ³Ý³ÉÇ:
÷áÕ. ·ñå³ÝÇ ÷áÕ. make (good) ~ (ɳí) ÷áÕ monkish [΄mΛŋki∫] a Ïñáݳíáñ³Ï³Ý, í³-
³ß˳ï»É/ßÇÝ»É. dirty ~ Ï»Õïáï ÷áÕ»ñ. ݳϳÝ:
easy ~ ³Ý³ß˳ï ÷áÕ»ñ. hush ~ í׳ñ monocle [΄mɒnəkl] n ÙÇ ³ãùÇ ³ÏÝáó,
ÉéáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ. ~ laundering/washing ÷á- ٻݳÏÝáó, ÙáÝáÏÉ:
Õ»ñÇ Éí³óáõÙ. put ~ aside, save ~ ÷áÕ Ëݳ- monogamy [mə΄nɒgəmi] n ٻݳÙáõëÝáõ-
Û»É/»ï ·ó»É. short of ~ ÷áÕÇ Ï³ñÇù áõÝ»- ÃÛáõÝ, ÙáÝá·³Ùdz:
ݳÉ. come into ~ ųé³Ý·áõÃÛáõÝ ëï³Ý³É. monograph [΄mɒnəgra:f] n ٻݳ·ñáõÃÛáõÝ,
throw ~ about ÷áÕÁ ÙëË»É. made of/rolling in ÙáÝá·ñ³ýdz:
~ ÷áÕÇ Ù»ç ÉáÕ³É, ß³ï ѳñáõëï ÉÇÝ»É. put monolithic [‚mɒnə΄liθik] a ÙÇ ù³ñÇó. ÙáÝá-
~ into ÷áÕ Ý»ñ¹Ý»É. not for love or ~ áã ÙÇ ÉÇï. ÷Ëμ. ÙdzÏáõé, ÙdzÓáõÛÉ:
·Ýáí. ~ bag ÷áÕÇ ïáåñ³Ï. ÷Ëμ. ѳñáõëï monologue [΄mɒnəlɒg] n ٻݳËáëáõÃÛáõÝ:
Ù³ñ¹. ~ box Ëݳ۳ïáõ÷, ·³ÝÓ³ïáõ÷. 2. monome [mɒ΄nəum] n Ù³Ã. Ùdzݹ³Ù:
a ¹ñ³Ù³Ï³Ý, ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý. the ~ market monopolist [mə΄nɒpəlist] n ٻݳßÝáñѳ-
÷áÕÇ ßáõϳ: ï»ñ, ÙáÝáåáÉÇëï:
money-grubber [΄mΛni‚grΛbə] n ߳ѳ- monopolize [mə΄nɒpəlaiz] v ٻݳßÝáñÑ»É:
ë»ñ/ ·ÍáõÍ/Åɳï Ù³ñ¹. ÷áÕ åáÏáÕ: monopoly [mə΄nɒpəli] n ٻݳßÝáñÑ, ÙáÝá-
money-lender [΄mΛni‚lendə] n í³ß˳éáõ: åáÉdz. ~ power/privilege/right ·Ý³·áÛ³ó-
money-order [΄mΛni‚ɔ:də] n ¹ñ³Ù³Ï³Ý Ù³Ý/ßáõϳÛÇ í»ñ³ÑëÏÙ³Ý Ù»Ý³ßÝáñÑÇ
÷á˳¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ: Çñ³íáõÝù:
money wise [΄mΛni‚waiz] adv ËëÏó. We’re monosyllabic [‚mɒnəusi΄læbik] a Ùdz-
OK ~ öáÕÇ Ñ³ñó»ñáõÙ Ù»½ Ùáï ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã í³ÝÏ:
ϳñ·ÇÝ ¿: monosyllable [΄mɒnəu‚siləbl] n Ùdzí³ÝÏ
mongoose [΄mɒŋgu:s] n ϻݹ. ٳݷáõëï: μ³é:
mongrel [΄mΛŋgrəl] n, a áã ³½Ýí³ó»Õ ßáõÝ. monotone [΄mɒnətəun] n ÙdzɳñáõÃÛáõÝ,
μ³Ï³å³Ñ ßáõÝ. ³ñÑÙ. ˳éݳ½·Ç ë»- ÙÇûñÇݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
monotony 530 moral

monotonous [mə΄nɒtənəs] a Ùdzɳñ, Ùdz- ÉáõëÝÛ³Ï, ÉáõëÝϳ. a ~ night (ݳ¨ moonlit


å³Õ³Õ, ÙÇûñÇݳÏ: night) ÉáõëÝϳ ·Çß»ñ: by ~ ÉáõëÝÇ ÉáõÛëÇ
monotony [mə΄nɒtəni] n ÙdzɳñáõÃÛáõÝ, ï³Ï:
Ùdzå³Õ³ÕáõÃÛáõÝ: moonlighter [΄mu:nlaitə] n ·Çß»ñáí ѳÝ-
monsoon [‚mɒn΄su:n] n ÙáõëëáÝ (ù³ÙÇ). ó³·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³ï³ñáÕ:
³ÝÓñ¨³ÛÇÝ ë»½áÝ: moonshine [΄mu:n∫ain] n ÉáõëÝÇ ßáÕ. ËëÏó.
monster [΄mɒnstə] n, a Ññ»ß, ×Çí³Õ. Ñëϳ- ³ÝÙïáõÃÛáõÝ, ÑÇÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
۳ϳÝ, íÇÃ˳ñÇ. a ~ pumpkin ³Ñé»ÉÇ moonstone [΄mu:nstəun] n ÑÝù. Éáõëݳù³ñ:
Ù»ÍáõÃÛ³Ý ¹¹áõÙ: moonstruck [΄mu:nstrΛk] a ÉáõëÝáï,
monstrosity [‚mɒn΄strɒsəti] n Ññ»ß³íáñáõ- óݹ³Í:
ÃÛáõÝ, ³Ý×áéÝÇáõÃÛáõÝ: moor [muə] n Ùáñáõï, ׳Ñ×áõï:
monstrous [΄mɒnstrəs] a Ññ»ß³ÛÇÝ, moor [muə] v (ݳ¨ be moored) ϳé³Ý(í)»É,
Ññ»ß³íáñ. ³Ý×áéÝÇ, ï·»Õ. ³Ñé»ÉÇ, íÇÃ- ϳå(í)»É (³÷ÇÝ, ·»ïÝÇÝ). The yacht is ~ed
˳ñÇ. ~ crimes Ññ»ß³íáñ ѳÝó³·áñÍáõ- nearby ¼μáë³Ý³íÁ ϳé³Ý»É ¿ Ùáï»ñùáõÙ:
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: moorings [΄muəriŋz] n ³Ýß³ñŠ˳ñÇëË-
montage [mɒn΄ta:з] n (ÏÇÝá) ÙáÝï³Å: Ý»ñ. (ݳíÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ) ϳé³ÝÝ»ñ, ×áå³ÝÝ»ñ.
month [mΛnθ] n ³ÙÇë. this/next/last ~ ³Ûë/ ϳé³Ý³ñ³Ý:
ѳçáñ¹/³Ýó³Í ³ÙÇë. once/twice a ~ ³ÙÇëÁ moorland [΄muəlænd] n ׳Ë׳Ëáõï,
Ù»Ï/»ñÏáõ ³Ý·³Ù. every ~ ³Ù»Ý ³ÙÇë. a ~ Ùáñáõï:
of Sundays ³Ýáñáß »ñϳñ ųÙÏ»ï: moot [mu:t] a íÇ×»ÉÇ, íÇ׳ñÏ»ÉÇ. ~ point
monthly [΄mΛnθli]1. n ³Ùë³·Çñ, ÙdzÙëÛ³ íÇ×»ÉÇ Ñ³ñó:
ѳݹ»ë. 2. a ³Ùë³Ï³Ý, ÙdzÙëÛ³. 3. adv moot [mu:t] v ѳñóÁ ùÝݳñÏÙ³Ý ¹Ý»É. The
³Ù»Ý ³ÙÇë, ³ÙÇëÁ Ù»Ï ³Ý·³Ù: question was first ~ed a year ago гñóÁ
monument [΄mɒnjumənt] n Ñáõß³ñÓ³Ý, ѳñáõóí»ó Ù»Ï ï³ñÇ ³é³ç:
ÏáÃáÕ: mop [mɒp] n ßí³μñ (ѳï³ÏÁ Ù³ùñ»Éáõ).
monumental [‚mɒnju΄mentl] a Ñá۳ϳå, ÷Ëμ., ËëÏó. Ù³½»ñÇ ÷áõÝç/¹»½ a ~ of hair
÷³é³Ñ»Õ. í»Ñ³Ï»ñï, Ñá۳ϻñï. ~ igno- Ù³½»ñÇ ¹»½, ·½áõ½:
rance ³Õ³Õ³ÏáÕ ï·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ: mop [mɒp] v ßí³μñáí Éí³Ý³É. ~ up ãáñ³ó-
moo [mu:] n, v μ³é³ã, μ³é³ã³Ýù. μ³é³ã»É: Ý»É, ó³Ù³ù»óÝ»É. é½Ù. ÃßݳÙáõó Ù³ùñ»É.
mood [mu:d] n ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. in the ~ ~ the floor ѳï³ÏÁ Éí³Ý³É. ~ the brow ׳-
ïñ³Ù³¹Çñ. in no ~ ³Ýïñ³Ù³¹Çñ: ϳïÁ ëñμ»É. ~ up an area ï³ñ³ÍùÁ Ãßݳ-
mood [mu:d] n ù»ñ. »Õ³Ý³Ï. »ñÅß. ïáݳÛ- Ùáõó Ù³ùñ»É:
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: mop [mɒp] n ~ and mow ͳٳÍéáõÃÛáõÝ. ~s
moody [΄mu:di] a Ùé³ÛÉ, ¹ÅϳÙ, ÝáÃáï. be and mows ¹»ÙùÁ ͳٳÍé»É:
~ ³Ýïñ³Ù³¹Çñ ÉÇÝ»É: mope [məup]1. n ٻɳٳÕÓáï Ù³ñ¹. the ~s
moon [mu:n] n ÉáõëÇÝ. full ~ ÉdzÉáõëÇÝ. half ٻɳٳÕÓáïáõÃÛáõÝ, í³ï ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõ-
~ ÏÇë³ÉáõëÇÝ. mock ~ Ï»ÕÍ ÉáõëÇÝ. new ~ ÃÛáõÝ. 2. v ٻɳٳÕÓáï ÉÇÝ»É:
Ýáñ³ÉáõëÇÝ. cry for the ~ ³Ýϳñ»ÉÇÝ ó³Ý- moped [΄məuped] n Ùá廹:
ϳݳÉ. once in a blue ~ ß³ï ѳ½í³¹»å. moral [΄mɒrəl] n μ³ñáÛ³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝ, μ³ñá-
cover with the ~ ËëÏó. μ³ó »ñÏÝùÇ ï³Ï Û³Ëáë³Ï³Ý Ëñ³ï. a story with a ~ μ³ñá-
ùÝ»É: Û³Ëáë³Ï³Ý å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ. ~s μ³ñáÛ³-
moon [mu:n] v ËëÏó. ~ about/around ³Ý- ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ, μ³ñù»ñ. draw a ~ μ³ñá۳ϳÝ
ѳݷÇëï/³Ý¹³¹ñáõÙ ÉÇÝ»É: Ñ»ï¨áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ³Ý»É/¹³ë»ñ ù³Õ»É. point
moonbeam [΄mu:nbi:m] n ÉáõëÝÇ ÉáõÛë/ the ~ μ³ñáÛ³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝÁ Áݹ·Í»É. have no
óáÉù. ~s μ³ñá۳ϳÝáõÃÛ³Ý ÝáñÙ»ñ ãáõݻݳÉ. a
moon-blindness [΄mu:n‚blaindnəs] n μÅßÏ. person of loose ~s ³Ýμ³ñáÛ³Ï³Ý Ù³ñ¹:
ѳíÏáõñáõÃÛáõÝ: moral [΄mɒrəl] a μ³ñá۳ϳÝ, μ³ñáÛ³·Ç-
mooncalf [΄mu:nka:f] n ³åáõß, ÑÇÙ³ñ: ï³Ï³Ý. ³é³ùÇÝÇ. ~ victory/support/duty
moonlight [΄mu:nlait] n, a ÉáõëÝÇ ÉáõÛë. μ³ñá۳ϳÝ. ѳÕóݳÏ/Ý»óáõÏ/å³ñï³-
morale 531 mortar-board

ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ values μ³ñáÛ³Ï³Ý ³ñÅ»ù- ÉñáõÙÝ... ÑÙÙï. ³ëï. ³í»ÉÇ ~ easily ³í»ÉÇ
Ý»ñ. ~ standards μ³ñáÛ³Ï³Ý ÝáñÙ»ñ. ~ phi- Ñ»ßïáõÃÛ³Ùμ:
losophy μ³ñáÛ³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝ, ¿ÃÇϳ. a ~ man more [mɔ:] n ³í»ÉÇ /ß³ï/. the ~ the better
μ³ñÓñ μ³ñá۳ϳÝáõÃÛ³Ý ï»ñ Ù³ñ¹. It’s a ÇÝãù³Ý ß³ï, ³ÛÝù³Ý ɳí. the ~…the ~ áñ-
~ certainty ËëÏó. γñáÕ »ù íëï³Ñ ÉÇÝ»É: ù³Ý… ÝáõÛÝù³Ý The ~ he gets the ~ he wants
morale [mə΄ra:l] n μ³ñáÛ³Ï³Ý íÇ׳Ï/á·Ç. ÆÝãù³Ý ß³ï ¿ ëï³ÝáõÙ, ³ÛÝù³Ý ³í»ÉÇ
undermine ~ ù³Ûù³Û»É μ³ñáÛ³Ï³Ý á·ÇÝ£ ß³ï ¿ áõ½áõÙ:
moralist [΄mɒrəlist] n μ³ñá۳ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ moreover [mɔ:r΄əuvə] adv μ³óÇ ³Û¹, ¹»é
ù³ñá½áÕ. μ³ñá۳ϳÝ/³é³ùÇÝÇ Ù³ñ¹: ³í»ÉÇÝ:
morality [mə΄ræləti] n μ³ñáÛ³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝ, morgue [mɔ:g] n ¹Ç³ñ³Ý:
Ëñ³ï. μ³ñáÛ³Ï³Ý í³ñù³·ÇÍ. ¿ÃÇϳ. morn [mɔ:n] n μÝëï. ³é³íáï, ³Û·:
copy-book ~ ï³ññ³Ï³Ý μ³ñá۳ϳÝáõ- morning [΄mɔ:niŋ] n ³é³íáï. early in the ~
ÃÛáõÝ. Standards of ~ have gone down ´³ñá- í³Õ ³é³íáïÛ³Ý. fine/beautiful/bright/rainy ~
۳ϳÝáõÃÛ³Ý ÝáñÙ»ñÁ/ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñÁ Çç»É ·»Õ»óÇÏ/å³Ûͳé/³ÝÓñ¨áï ³é³íáï. ~s
»Ý: ³é³íáïÝ»ñÁ. Good ~ ´³ñÇ ÉáõÛë:
moralize [΄mɒrəlaiz] v μ³ñáÛ³Ëáë»É, μ³- morning [΄mɔ:niŋ] a ³é³íáïÛ³Ý, ³é³-
ñáÛ³Ï³Ý ¹³ë ù³Õ»É. ~ on the young ùÝݳ- íáïí³. ~ post/mail/papers ³é³íáïÛ³Ý
¹³ï»É »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹Ý»ñÇ μ³ñù»ñÁ: ÷áëï/ ûñûñ.
morally [΄mɒrəli] adv μ³ñáÛ³å»ë, ÷³ëïá- morning-glory [‚mɔ:niŋ΄glɔ:ri] n μëμ. å³-
ñ»Ý. Áëï ¿áõÃÛ³Ý. I’m ~ certain of it ¸ñ³ÝáõÙ ïáõï³Ï, μ³Õ»Õ:
ϳëÏ³Í ãϳ: morocco [mə΄rɒkəu] n, a ë³ýÛ³Ý, ë»Ï
morass [mə΄ræs] n ׳ÑÇ×, Ùáñáõï, ׳Ñ- (³ÛÍÇ μ³ñÓñáñ³Ï ϳßÇ). ë»ÏÇ, ë³ý۳ݻ:
×áõï. ~ of detail ÷Ëμ. Ù³ÝñáõùÝ»ñÇ ×³Ñ- moron [΄mɔ:rɒn] a ³åáõß, ÑÇÙ³ñ:
×áõï: morose [mə΄rəus] a Ùé³ÛÉ. ËáÅáé:
moratorium [‚mɒrə΄tɔ:riəm] n í׳ñáõÙÝ»- morphia [΄mɔ:fiə] ÙáñýÇÝ, μݳ÷ÇáÝ:
ñÇ Ñ»ï³Ó·áõÙ, Ùáñ³ïáñÇáõÙ: morphine [΄mɔ:fi:n] n μݳ÷ÇáÝ, ÙáñýÇÝ:
morbid [΄mɔ:bid] a ÑÇí³Ý¹³·ÇÝ, ÑÇí³Ý- morphology [mɔ:΄fɒlədзi] n Ï»Ýë. ϳ½Ù³-
¹áï. ~ curiosity ÑÇí³Ý¹³·ÇÝ Ñ»ï³ùñùñ³- μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ÙáñýáÉá·Ç³. ù»ñ. Ó¨³μ³Ýáõ-
ëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ subject Ùé³ÛÉ Ã»Ù³: ÃÛáõÝ:
morbidness [΄mɔ:bidnəs] n ¹Ûáõñ³½·³óáõ- morse [mɔ:s] n ϻݹ. Íáí³÷ÇÕ, Íáí³óáõÉ:
ÃÛáõÝ, ϳëϳͳÙïáõÃÛáõÝ. ÑÇí³Ý¹³·ÇÝ morsel [΄mɔ:sl] n å³ï³é, ÷áùñ Ïïáñ. a
»ñ¨³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ: tasty ~ Ñ³Ù»Õ å³ï³é:
mordant [΄mɔ:dnt] n, a ³ÛñÇã ÝÛáõÃ, ùÇÙdz- mortal [΄mɔ:tl] n Ù³Ñϳݳóáõ, Ù³ñ¹:
ÝÛáõÃ. áõïÇã, ù³Ûù³ÛÇã. ÷Ëμ. ÏÍáõ, ͳÕ- mortal [΄mɔ:tl] a Ù³Ñϳݳóáõ, ٳѳóáõ. ~
ñÇã, ˳ÛÃÇã: enemy/fear/blow ٳѳóáõ ÃßݳÙÇ/ë³ñë³÷/
more [mɔ:] a ³í»ÉÇ ß³ï. ~ people came ѳñí³Í. All men are ~ ´áÉáñ Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ Ù³Ñ-
³í»ÉÇ ß³ï Ù³ñ¹ »Ï³í. He has ~ experience ϳݳóáõ »Ý:
ܳ ³í»ÉÇ ß³ï ÷áñÓ áõÝÇ. (¿ÉÇ, ¨ë) Have mortality [mɔ:΄tæləti] n ٳѳóáõÃÛáõÝ, Ù³-
you any ~? ¾ÉÇ áõÝ»±ù. Do you like some ~? ѳμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ statistics ٳѳóáõÃÛ³Ý íÇ-
¾ÉÇ áõ½á±õÙ »ù. Bring some ~ ¾ÉÇ μ»ñ»ù. ~ ׳ϳ·ñáõÃÛáõÝ. infant ~ Ù³ÝÏ³Ï³Ý Ù³-
weeks ¨ë »ñÏáõ ß³μ³Ã. ³Ûɨë. No ~ for me ѳóáõÃÛáõÝ. a high ~ rate ٳѳóáõÃÛ³Ý
²Ûɨë ã»Ù áõ½áõÙ. He doesn’t live here any ~ μ³ñÓñ ïáÏáë:
ܳ ³ÛÉ¨ë ³Ûëï»Õ ãÇ ³åñáõÙ. (³í»ÉÇ) I like mortally [΄mɔ:təli] adv Ù³Ñáõ ã³÷, ٳѳ-
this ~ »ë ¹³ ³í»ÉÇ »Ù ѳí³ÝáõÙ. ~ and~ in- óáõ Ï»ñåáí:
teresed ³í»ÉÇ áõ ³í»ÉÇ Ñ»ï³ùñùñí³Í/ß³- mortar [΄mɔ:tə] n ѳí³Ý·, ÷áùñÇÏ ë³Ý¹.
ѳ·ñ·éí³Í. ~ than enough ³í»ÉÇ ù³Ý ó»Ù»Ýï, ó»Ù»ÝïÇ ß³Õ³Ë:
μ³í³Ï³Ý ¿ ~ or less ³í»É ϳ٠å³Ï³ë, ùÇã mortar-board [΄mɔ:təbɔ:d] n ²Ý·ÉdzÛÇ
û ß³ï. (ÏñÏÇÝ) once ~ Ù»Ï ³Ý·³Ù ¨ë. åñáý»ëáñÝ»ñÇ ¨ áõë³ÝáÕÝ»ñÇ ³í³Ý¹³-
never ~ »ñμ»ù. What is ~ ... ´³óÇ ³Û¹, Ç Ï³Ý ·É˳ñÏ:
mortgage 532 motive

mortgage [΄mɔ:gidз] n (³Ýß³ñÅ ·áõÛùÇ) mothballs [΄mɒθbɔ:ls] n ݳíóÉÇÝÇ ·Ý¹ÇÏ-


·ñ³í, ·ñ³í³¹ñáõÙ, ·ñ³í³ÃáõÕÃ. ~ deed Ý»ñ:
·ñ³í³·Çñ. pay off the ~ ÉñÇí í׳ñ»É/Ù³ñ»É moth-eaten [΄mɒθi:tn] n ó»ó³Ï»ñ. ÷Ëμ.
í³ñÏÁ. get a ~ from the bank μ³ÝÏÇó í³ñÏ Ñݳó³Í, ß³ï ÑÇÝ:
ëï³Ý³É: mother [΄mΛðə] n Ù³Ûñ. young/devoted/tender
mortgage [΄mɔ:gidз] v ·ñ³í ¹Ý»É. »ñ³ß- ~ »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹/ÝíÇñí³Í/ëÇñáÕ Ù³Ûñ. ex-
˳íáñ»l. ~ one’s house ïáõÝÁ ·ñ³í ¹Ý»É: pectant ~ ³å³·³ Ù³Ûñ, ÑÕÇ ÏÇÝ. artificial ~
mortgagee [‚mɔ:gi΄dзi:] n ·ñ³í³éáõ: ÇÝÏáõμ³ïáñ, ³ñÑ»ëï³Ï³Ý Ù³Ûñ. nursing
mortification [‚mɔ:tifi΄kei∫n] n ëå³Ý»ÉÁ, ~ Ï»ñ³ÏñáÕ Ù³Ûñ, single ~ ÙdzÛÝ³Ï Ù³Ûñ.
Ù»éóÝ»ÉÁ. Ýí³ëï³óáõÙ, ëïáñ³óáõÙ, ³Ý- ~ of pearls ë³¹³÷. ~ tongue Ù³Ûñ»ÝÇ É»½áõ:
³ñ·³Ýù. μÅßÏ. ³Ý½·³ÛݳóáõÙ, ³Ýϻݹ³Ý mother [΄mΛðə] v Ùáñ å»ë ËݳٻÉ, Ñá·
¹³éݳÉÁ, ٳѳݳÉÁ. ËëÏó. ³ÙáÃÇ ½·³- ï³Ý»É, Ù³ÛñáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É:
óáõÙ. to my ~ Ç ³Ùáà ÇÝÓ: motherhood [΄mΛðəhud] n Ù³ÛñáõÃÛáõÝ:
mortify [΄mɔ:tifai] v Ù»éóÝ»É. ëïáñ³óÝ»É. mother-in-law [΄mΛðəriŋlɔ:] n ½áù³Ýã,
íÇñ³íáñ»É .³Ù³ã»É. I was mortified ºë ëÏ»ëáõñ:
³Ù³ã»óÇ: motherland [΄mΛðəlænd] n ѳÛñ»ÝÇù:
mortuary [΄mɔ:tjuəri] n, a ¹Ç³ñ³Ý. óÕ- motherless [΄mΛðələs] a ³ÝÙ³Ûñ, áñμ. a ~
Ù³Ý: child ³ÝÙ³Ûñ/Ù³Ûñ³½áõñÏ »ñ»Ë³:
mosaic [məu΄zeiik] n Ë׳Ýϳñ, Ùá½³Çϳ: motherly [΄mΛðəli] a Ù³Ûñ³Ï³Ý:
moslem [΄mɒzlem] n, a Ù³ÑÙ»¹³Ï³Ý, Ùáõ- motif [məu΄ti:f] n ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ÙÇïù/Ù»Õ»¹Ç.
ëáõÉÙ³Ý. ÙáõëáõÉٳݳϳÝ: É»ÛïÙáïÇí:
mosque [mɒsk] n Ù½ÏÇÃ: motion [΄məu∫n] n ß³ñÅáõÙ, ÁÝóóù. for-
mosquito [mə΄ski:təu] n ÙáͳÏ, ÙÅ»Õ. ~ bite ward/backward ~ ³é³çÁÝóó/Ñ»ïÁÝóó
ÙáͳÏÇ Ë³ÛÃ: ß³ñÅáõÙ. perpetual ~ ³ÝÁݹѳï ß³ñÅáõÙ.
moss [mɒs] n Ù³Ùáõé, ïáñý³ÛÇÝ ×³ÑÇ×: in ~ ß³ñÅÙ³Ý Ù»ç. set/put in ~ ß³ñÅÙ³Ý Ù»ç
mossy [΄mɒs] a Ù³Ùéáï, Ù³Ùé³å³ï: ¹Ý»É. Ù³ñÙÝÇ ß³ñÅáõÙ, Å»ëï. by/with a ~ of
most [məust] n Ù»Í Ù³ëÁ, ٻͳٳëÝáõÃÛáõÝ. hand Ó»éùÇ ß³ñÅáõÙáí. (ÙÕáõÙ, ûɳ¹-
at the ~³Ù»Ý³ß³ïÁ. ~ of them Ýñ³Ýó Ù»Í ñ³Ýù) of one’s own ~ Ñáųñ³Ï³Ù. (³é³-
Ù³ëÁ. ~ of the time ųٳݳÏÇ Ù»Í Ù³ëÁ. ç³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ ÅáÕáíáõÙ) table a ~ ³é³ç³ñ-
He is 20 at the ~ ܳ ³Ù»Ý³ß³ïÁ 20 ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¹Ý»É ùÝݳñÏÙ³Ý. bring forward a
ï³ñ»Ï³Ý ¿: ~ ³é³ç³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ ÙïóÝ»É. carry the ~ ³-
most [məust] a ³Ù»Ý³ß³ï. in ~ cases ٻͳ- é³ç³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ ÁݹáõÝ»É. reject the ~ ³é³-
Ù³ëÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ. for the ~ part ·É˳íáñ³å»ë, ç³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ù»ñÅ»É. vote on the ~ ³é³-
Ù»Í Ù³ë³Ùμ. M~ Holy Father ¶»ñ³·áõÛÝ ç³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ ùí»³ñÏ»É. Çñ³í. ѳñ-
êáõñμ гÛñ, ÜáñÇÝ êñμáõÃÛáõÝ (ÐéáÙÇ ó³¹ÝáõÙ, ѳñó³¹ñáõÙ, ѳñóáõÙ:
å³å): motion [΄məu∫n] v Å»ëï»ñáí óáõÛó ï³É. ~
most [məust] adv ٻͳå»ë, ³é³í»É³å»ë, to a seat (Å»ëï»ñáí) Ññ³íÇñ»É Ýëï»É:
³Ù»ÝÇó ³í»ÉÇ ³é³í»É. ~ probably ³Ù»Ý³- motional [΄məu∫nl] a ß³ñÅÇã, ß³ñÅáÕ.
ѳí³Ý³Ï³Ý. ~ certainly ³Ýßáõßï, ³Ýå³Û- motionless [΄məu∫nləs] a ³Ýß³ñÅ, ѳÝ-
Ù³Ýáñ»Ý. ~ odd ³Ù»Ý³ï³ñûñÇݳÏ. ·»ñ., ·Çëï:
³ëï. the ~ successful ³Ù»Ý³Ñ³çáÕ. the ~ motion picture [‚məu∫n΄pikt∫ə] n
important ³Ù»Ý³Ï³ñ¨áñ: ÏÇÝáÝϳñ, ýÇÉÙ, ÏÇÝá:
mostly [΄məustli] adv Ù»Í Ù³ë³Ùμ, ·É˳íá- motivate [΄məutiveit] v ¹ñ¹»É, ÙÕ»É. ³éÇÃ
ñ³å»ë£ ͳé³Û»É. å³ï׳é³μ³Ý»É, ÑÇÙݳíáñ»É.
mote [məut] n ÷áßáõ ѳïÇÏ: What ~d her? ƱÝãÁ ¹ñ¹»ó Ýñ³Ý. ~d by am-
motel [məu΄tel] n ³íïáå³ÝëÇáݳï, ÙáûÉ: bition ÷³é³ëÇñáõÃÛáõÝÇó ¹ñ¹í³Í:
motet [məu΄tet] n »Ï»Õ»ó³Ï³Ý »ñ·, Ùá- motivation [‚məuti΄vei∫n] n ¹ñ¹áõÙ, ÑÇÙݳ-
ï»ï: íáñáõÙ:
moth [mɒθ] n ·Çß»ñ³ÃÇûé, ó»ó: motive [΄məutiv] n ß³ñųéÇÃ, ¹ñ¹³å³ï-
motiveless 533 mountaineering

׳é. interior ~ óùÝí³Í ¹ñ¹³å³ï׳é. mould I [məuld] n 먳ÑáÕ, μáõë³ÑáÕ. man


the ~ for the crime ѳÝó³·áñÍáõÃÛ³Ý ¹ñ¹³- of ~ ÑáÕ»Õ»Ý, Ù³Ñϳݳóáõ:
å³ï׳é. a religious ~ ÏñáÝ³Ï³Ý ¹ñ¹³- mould II [məuld] n (ÓáõÉÙ³Ý) ϳճå³ñ.
å³ï׳é. from the best ~s É³í³·áõÛÝ ÙÕáõÙ- Ï»ñïí³Íù, ˳éÝí³Íù. people of a special ~
Ý»ñáí. ~ power ï»Ë. ß³ñÅÇã áõÅ: ѳïáõÏ Ï»ñïí³ÍùÇ Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ. jelly ~ ŻɻÇ
motiveless [΄məutivləs] a ³ÝÑÇÙÝ, ãÑÇÙݳ- ϳճå³ñ:
íáñí³Í: mould I [məuld] v ϳճå³ñ»É. Ó¨ ï³É, ßÇ-
motley [΄mɒtli] n »ñ÷Ý»ñ³Ý·, μ³½Ù»ñ³Ý·, Ý»É. ~ smth in/out of clay ϳíÇó ÙÇ μ³Ý ßÇ-
·áõÛݽ·áõÛÝ: Ý»É/Ó¨³íáñ»É. ~ smb’s character μݳíáñáõ-
motor [΄məutə] n ß³ñÅÇã, Ùáïáñ. Ù»ù»Ý³, ÃÛáõÝ Ó¨³íáñ»É:
³íïáÙáμÇÉ: mould II [məuld] n, v μáñμáë. μáñμáëÝ»É,
motor [΄məutə] v Ù»ù»Ý³Ûáí ·Ý³É/ï³Ý»É. ~ μáñμáë»óÝ»É:
out into the country Ù»ù»Ý³Ûáí ù³Õ³ùÇó moulder [΄məuldə] n ÓáõÉáñ¹, ϳճå³ñÇã
¹áõñë ·Ý³É: μ³Ýíáñ. ÷Ëμ. ëï»ÕÍáÕ, Ï»ñïáÕ:
motorbike [΄məutəbaik] n ÙáïáóÇÏÉ»ï: moulder [΄məuldə] v ù³Ý¹í»É, ù³Ûù³Ûí»É.
motorboat [΄məutəbəut] n ß³ñÅÇãáí ݳ- ÷ï»É, ÑáÕ ¹³éݳÉ:
í³Ï: moulding [΄məuldiŋ] n ÓáõÉáõÙ, ϳճå³-
motorcade [΄məutəkeid] n ³íïáß³ñ³- ñáõÙ, ÓáõɳÍá. stucco ~s Í»÷³Íá ½³ñ¹³-
ëÛáõÝ: ñ³ÝùÝ»ñ:
motor-car [΄məutəka:] n Ù³ñ¹³ï³ñ mouldy [΄məuldi] a μáñμáëݳÍ, ٷɳÍ.
³íïáÙ»ù»Ý³. ³Ù. ïñ³Ùí³ÛÇ Ùáïáñ³ÛÇÝ ËëÏó. Ó³ÝÓñ³ÉÇ. a ~ smell μáñμáëÇ Ñáï,
í³·áÝ: ٷɳÑáï. The jam was ~ Øáõñ³μ³Ý μáñμáë-
motor coach [΄məutəkəut∫] n ÙÇçù³- Ý»É ¿. go ~ μáñμáëÝ»É, Ù·É»É:
Õ³ù³ÛÇÝ ³íïáμáõë: mound [maund] n ÃáõÙμ, μÉáõñ. ·»ñ»½Ù³-
motorcycle [΄məutə‚saikl] n ÙáïáóÇÏÉ»ï. ~ ݳÃáõÙμ:
race Ùáïá³ñß³í/ÙñóáõÛÃ: mount [maunt] n É»é, ë³ñ. (Ñ»ÍÝ»Éáõ) ÓÇ.
motocyclist [΄məutə‚saiklist] n ÙáïáóÇÏ- ï»Ë. å³ïí³Ý¹³Ý. é½Ù. Ññ»ï³ë³ÛÉ.
ÉÇëï: (ÝϳñÇ) ßñç³Ý³Ï. ³ÏݳïáõÝ (³ÏݻջÝÇ
motoring school [΄məutəriŋsku:l] n ³íïá- ѳٳñ):
¹åñáó: mount [maunt] v μ³ñÓñ³Ý³É, Ù³·Éó»É. ~ a
motorist [΄məutərist] n Ùñ½. ³íïáÙáμÇ- ladder ³ëïÇ×³Ý μ³ñÓñ³Ý³É. ~ a horse/by-
ÉÇëï: cicle ÓÇ Ñ»ÍÝ»É, ѻͳÝÇí Ýëï»É. ~ a gun
motorman [΄məutəmən] n í³·áݳí³ñ, Ùá- Ãݹ³ÝáÃÁ å³ïí³Ý¹³ÝÇ íñ³ ¹Ý»É. ~ pho-
ïáñ³í³ñ: tos ÝϳñÁ ßñç³Ý³ÏÇ Ù»ç ¹Ý»É. ~ a jewel
³ÏݻջÝÁ ³·áõó»É. ~ an exhibition óáõó³-
motorized [΄məutəraizd] a ß³ñÅÇã³íáñ. ~
ѳݹ»ë ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñå»É. ~ an attack/offensive
transport ³íïáïñ³Ýëåáñï. a ~ division
é½Ù. ѳñÓ³ÏÙ³Ý ³ÝóÝ»É. ~ guard ųٳ-
é½Ù. Ù»ù»Ý³Û³íáñí³Í ¹Çíǽdz:
å³Ñ ϳݷݻÉ. ~ up ³×»É, ³í»É³Ý³É. The
motor racing [‚məutə΄reisiŋ] n ³íïá-
bills are ~ing up гßÇíÝ»ñÝ ³í»É³ÝáõÙ/Ïáõ-
Ùñó³ñß³í:
ï³ÏíáõÙ »Ý:
motor rally [‚məutə΄ræli] n ³íïáÙáμÇ- mountain [΄mauntin] n É»é, ë³ñ. high in the
ɳÛÇÝ í³½ù³ñß³í, é³ÉÉÇ:
~s μ³ñÓñ É»éÝ»ñáõÙ. a land of ~s
motor scutter [‚məutə΄skΛtə] ÙáïáñáÉ»ñ: É»éݳß˳ñÑ. ~ range É»éݳßÕó:
motorway [΄məutəwei] n ³íïáÙ³ÛñáõÕÇ: mountain [΄mauntin] a É»éݳÛÇÝ. ~ pass/air
mottle [΄mɒtl] n, v μÇÍ, åÇë³Ï. μͳíáñ»É, É»éݳÝóù, É»éݳÛÇÝ û¹. ~ rescue team
μÍ»ñáí ͳÍÏ»É:
É»éݳ÷ñϳñ³ñ ÃÇÙ/ËáõÙμ:
mottled [΄mɒtld] a μͳíáñ, μÍ»ñáí ͳÍÏ- mountaineer [‚maunti΄niə] n É»éݳμݳÏ,
í³Í. white ~ with red ëåÇï³Ï ϳñÙÇñ É»éÝóÇ, ³ÉåÇÝÇëï:
μÍ»ñáí: mountaineering [‚maunti΄niəriŋ] n ³ÉåÇ-
motto [΄mɒtəu] n Ý߳ݳμ³Ý, μݳμ³Ý: ÝǽÙ:
mountainous 534 movement

mountainous [΄mauntinəs] a É»éÝáï, É»é- movable [΄mu:vəbl] a ß³ñÅíáÕ, ß³ñųϳÝ.


ݳÛÇÝ. ÷Ëμ. ß³ï Ù»Í, Ñëϳ۳ϳÝ. ~ waves ~ property Çñ³í. ß³ñÅ³Ï³Ý ·áõÛù (ݳ¨
íÇÃ˳ñÇ ³ÉÇùÝ»ñ: ~s):
mountebank [΄mauntibæŋk] n ˳μ»μ³, move [mu:v] n ß³ñÅáõÙ, ï»Õ³ß³ñÅ. It’s time
ß³éɳï³Ý: we ~ Ø»ñ ß³ñÅí»Éáõ ųٳݳÏÝ ¿. be always
mounted [΄mauntid] a Ñ»ÍÛ³É, Ódzíáñ. a ~ on the ~ ÙÇßï ß³ñÅÙ³Ý Ù»ç/³ÝÇíÝ»ñÇ íñ³
policeman Ñ»ÍÛ³É áëïÇϳÝ: ÉÇÝ»É. Get a ~ on ! Þ³ñÅíÇ°ñ. on the ~ ß³ñÅ-
mounting [΄mauntiŋ] n ÓÇ Ñ»ÍÝ»ÉÁ, Ù»ù»Ý³ Ù³Ý/½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ù»ç. make a ~ áõÕ¨áñí»É.
Ýëï»ÉÁ: (ù³ÛÉ) watch one’s every ~ Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ
mourn [mɔ:n] v áÕμ³É, ë·³É, ëáõ· ³Ý»É: ù³ÛÉÇÝ Ñ»ï¨»É. make the first ~ ³é³çÇÝ
mourner [΄mɔ:nə] n áÕμ³óáÕ ÏÇÝ/ïÕ³- ù³ÛÉÝ ³Ý»É. (˳ÕÇ Ù³ëÇÝ) make a ~ ù³ÛÉ
Ù³ñ¹. óÕÙ³Ý Ù³ëݳÏÇó: ³Ý»É. Whose ~ is it ? à±õÙ ù³ÛÉÝ ¿. know all
mournful [΄mɔ:nfl] a áÕμ³ÉÇ, ë·³ÉÇ. the ~s μáÉáñ ù³ÛÉ»ñÝ ÇٳݳÉ. (ï»Õ³÷á-
ïËáõñ, ïñïáõÙ: ËáõÙ) This is our third ~ ºññáñ¹ ³Ý·³Ù »Ýù
mourning [΄mɔ:niŋ] n ëáõ·, áÕμ, ë·³- μݳϳñ³Ý ÷áËáõÙ:
½·»ëï. in ~ ë·Ç Ù»ç. wear ~, go into ~ ë·³- move [mu:v] v ß³ñÅ»É, ï»Õ³÷áË»É. ~ the
½·»ëï ѳ·Ý»É: furniture ϳÑáõÛùÁ ï»Õ³ß³ñÅ»É. be ~d to a
mouse [maus] n, v ÙáõÏ. ÙáõÏ μéÝ»É/áñë³É. new job Ýáñ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ ³ÝóÝ»É/ï»Õ³-
ÑÙÏñ·. ÙáõÏ, ÙÏÝÇÏ. ~ pointer ÙÏÝÇÏÇ óáõ- ÷áËí»É. ~ one’s fingers/lips Ù³ïÝ»ñÁ/ßáõñ-
óÇã: ûñÁ ß³ñÅ»É. He couldn’t ~ hand or foot â¿ñ
moushole [΄maushəul] n ÙÏ³Ý Í³Ï /μáõÝ: ϳñáÕ ß³ñÅ»É áã Ó»éùÁ, áã áïùÁ. Don’t ~!
mousetrap [΄maustræp] n ÙÏ³Ý Ã³Ï³ñ¹: âß³ñÅí»°É (Ñáõ½»É) be deeply ~d Ëáñ³å»ë
moustache [mə΄sta:∫] n μ»Õ, ÁÝã³óù. a man Ñáõ½í»É. ~ to tears ÙÇÝ㨠³ñóáõÝùÝ»ñÁ Ñáõ-
with a ~ μ»Õ»ñáí Ù³ñ¹: ½»É. ~ to anger çÕ³ÛݳóÝ»É. ~ a resolution
mouth [mauθ] n μ»ñ³Ý, ßñÃáõÝù. (ÁÝï³ÝÇ- ³é³ç³ñÏ»É. ~ to another city/into a new
ùÇ ³Ý¹³Ù) ßáõÝã, μ»ñ³Ý. in/out of one’s ~ house/into the country áõñÇß ù³Õ³ù/Ýáñ ïáõÝ
μ»ñ³ÝáõÙ, μ»ñ³ÝÇó ¹áõñë. (μ³óí³Íù, ï»Õ³÷áËí»É. ·ÛáõÕ/³Ù³é³Ýáó ï»Õ³-
Ùáõïù) ~ of the river ·»ï³μ»ñ³Ý. ~ of the ÷áËí»É. ~ an amendment áõÕÕÙ³Ý/÷á÷á-
cave ù³ñ³ÝÓ³íÇ Ùáõïù by word of the ~ μ»- ËáõÃÛ³Ý ³é³ç³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É. (ß³ñÅí»É)
ñ³Ý³óÇ. 5 ~s to feed ÑÇÝ· ßáõÝã/Ù³ñ¹ å³- The bus wasn’t ~ing ²íïáμáõëÁ ã¿ñ ß³ñÅ-
Ñ»Éáõ. make one’s ~ water μ»ñÝÇ çñ»ñÁ ·Ý³É. íáõÙ. I couldn’t ~ because of... â¿Ç ϳñáÕ
My ~ was dry ´»ñ³Ýë/ÎáÏáñ¹ë ãáñ³ó³í. ß³ñÅí»É ….å³ï׳éáí. Things are ~ing
Keep your ~ shut! ËëÏó. һݹ ÏïñÇ. put ÷Ëμ. ¶áñÍÁ ï»ÕÇó ß³ñÅíáõÙ ¿. ~ in artistic
words into smn’s ~ Ù»ÏÇÝ Ý»ñßÝã»É. feel down circles ³ñí»ëï³·»ïÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç³í³ÛñáõÙ
in the ~ ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ ÁÝÏÝ»É. stop smb’s ·ïÝí»É/ß÷í»É. Your turn to ~ Ò»ñ ù³ÛÉÝ
~ Ù»ÏÇ μ»ñ³ÝÁ ÷³Ï»É. flap one’s ~ ß³ï³- ¿/Ñ»ñÃÝ ¿. ~ about/around ï»Õ³÷áËí»É,
Ëáë»É, ß³Õ³Ïñ³ï»É. live from hand to ~ ÙÇ ßñç»É. ~ around among the guests ÑÛáõñ»ñÇ Ù»ç
Ï»ñå ͳÛñÁ ͳÛñÇÝ Ñ³ëóÝ»É: ßñç»É/Ñ»ñÃáí Ùáï»Ý³É. ~ aside ÙÇ ÏáÕÙ
mouthful [΄mauθful] n å³ï³é, ÙÇ μ»ñ³Ý/ ù³ßí»É. She ~d aside to let us pass ܳ ÙÇ ÏáÕÙ
ÏáõÙ. at one ~ ÙÇ ÏáõÙáí. Just a ~, please ØÇ ù³ßí»ó. áñ Ù»Ýù ³ÝóÝ»Ýù. ~ away ÷á-
÷áùñ Ïïáñ, Ëݹñ»Ù. His surname is a proper ˳¹ñí»É, ï»Õ³÷áËí»É. ~ back Ñ»ï ·Ý³É.
~ È»½áõ¹ Ïç³ñ¹»ë ÙÇÝ㨠Ýñ³ ³½·³ÝáõÝÁ They have ~d back to London Üñ³Ýù
³ñï³ë³Ý»ë: í»ñ³¹³ñÓ³Ý ÈáݹáÝ. ~ forward ï»Õ³÷á-
mouth organ [΄mauθ‚ɔ:gən] n ßñÃѳñÙáÝ: Ë»É, ³é³ç ï³Ý»É/ß³ñÅí»É. His name was
mouthpiece [΄mauθpi:s] n ÙáõßïáõÏ, Í˳- ~d forward Üñ³ ³ÝáõÝÁ ³é³ç ß³ñÅ-
÷áÕ. Ëáë³÷áÕ, Ó³Ûݳ÷áÕ. ÷Ëμ. Ó³Ûݳ- í»ó/ï³ñí»ó. ~ in/into Ý»ñë ß³ñÅí»É. ~ off
÷áÕ áõñÇßÇ Ùïù»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ: Ñ»ï ù³ßí»É, ß³ñÅ»Éáí Ñ»é³óÝ»É. The bus
mouthwash [΄mauθ‚wɒ∫] n μ»ñ³ÝÁ áÕáÕ»- ~d off ²íïáμáõëÁ Ñ»é³ó³í:
Éáõ Ñ»ÕáõÏ: movement [΄mu:vmənt] n (ݳ¨ ï»Ë., ùÕù.)
mover 535 muffin

ß³ñÅáõÙ, ï»Õ³÷áËáõÃÛáõÝ, ï»Õ³ß³ñÅ. in ÷ã³óÝ»É. ~ up all plans ˳÷³Ý»É μáÉáñ


and out ~ ³é³çÁÝÃ³ó ¨ Ñ»ï³¹³ñÓ ß³ñ- åɳÝÝ»ñÁ. ~ in ˳éÝí»É. We all ~ed Ø»Ýù
ÅáõÙ. spontaneous ~ ÇÝùݳμáõË ß³ñÅáõÙ. ÙdzëÇÝ ·áñÍÇ ³Ýó³Ýù:
»ñÅß. ÙëÝ·., ųÙ. ٻ˳ÝǽÙ: mucker [΄mΛkə] n Ï»Õïáï/ÏáåÇï Ù³ñ¹.
mover [΄mu:və] n ß³ñÅÇã, ß³ñÅÇã áõÅ, ݳ- ÷Ëμ. Ù»Í ³ÝѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. come a ~ ÷áñ-
˳ӻéÝáÕ: Ó³ÝùÇ Ù»ç ÁÝÏÝ»É. go a ~ ã³÷³½³Ýó ß³ï
movie [΄mu:vi] n ËëÏó. ÏÇÝáÝϳñ. the ~s ͳËë»É:
ËëÏó. ÏÇÝá. ~ camera ÏÇÝáϳٻñ³/³å³- muck-rake [΄mΛkreik] n ·áÙ³ÕμÇ ÷áóË£
ñ³ï. ~ theatre ÏÇÝáóïñáÝ: muck-worm [΄mΛkwə:m] n ·áÙ³ÕμÇ áñ¹.
movietone [΄mu:vitəun] n ËëÏó. ÑÝãáõÝ/ Ëá- ÷Ëμ. ³·³Ñ/ÁÝã³ù³Õó Ù³ñ¹:
ëáÕ ÏÇÝá: mucky [΄mΛki] a Ï»Õïáï. My shirt/trousers
moving [΄mu:viŋ] a ß³ñÅíáÕ. ÷Ëμ. Ñáõ½Çã, are ~ Þ³åÇÏë ¨ ï³μ³ïë Ï»Õïáï »Ý:
ëñï³ß³ñÅ. a ~ staircase ß³ñÅíáÕ ³ëïÇ- mucous [΄mju:kəs] a ÉáñÓ³ÛÇÝ, ÉáñÓáï. ~
׳Ý, ¿ëϳɳïáñ. the ~ spirit ß³ñÅÇã áõÅÁ/ membrane ϽÙË. ÉáñӳóճÝÃ:
á·ÇÝ: mucus [΄mju:kəs] n ÉáñÓáõÝù, ÉáñÓ:
mow [məu] n ¹»½, Ëáï³Ýáó. mud [mΛd] n ïÇÕÙ, ó»Ë. (·»ïÇ) Ýëïí³Íù.
mow [məu] v ÑÝÓ»É, ù³Õ»É, ~ the lawn Ù³ñ- çñϳó»Ë. çñÇÏ ó»Ë. stick in the ~ ó»ËÇ Ù»ç
·³·»ïÇÝÁ ÑÝÓ»É. Fire ~ed down the men Ëñí»É. covered in ~ ó»Ëáí ͳÍÏí³Í/å³-
Îñ³ÏÁ ÑÝÓ»ó Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó: ï³Í. throw ~ at smb ÷Ëμ. Ù»ÏÇ íñ³ Ï»Õ-
mower [΄məuə] n ÑÝÓíáñ, ÑÝÓáÕ Ù»ù»Ý³: ï³çáõñ ÉóÝ»É. My name will be ~ Æ٠ѳÙμ³-
MS-DOS [΄maikrəu΄sɒft disk ΄ɒpəreitiŋ íÁ ÉñÇí ÏïáõÅÇ. ~ therapy ó»ËÇ μáõÅáõÙ. ~
΄sistəm] ÑÙÏñ·. (Microsoft Disk Operating Sys- bath ó»ËÇ í³Ýݳ:
tem) Øê-¸àê ëϳí³é³Ï³ÛÇÝ ûå»ñ³óÇáÝ muddle [΄mΛdl] n ˳éݳß÷áÃáõÃÛáõÝ,
ѳٳϳñ·: Ë××í³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. Papers are in a ~ ÂÕûñÝ
much [mΛt∫] n ß³ï μ³Ý, ß³ïÁ. ~ remains to ³Ýϳñ· íÇ׳ÏáõÙ »Ý. make a ~ of ÙÇ Ï»ñå
be done Þ³ï μ³Ý ¿ ÙÝáõÙ ³Ý»Éáõ. We don’t ³Ý»É, Ë××»É.There is some ~ ÆÝã-áñ Ë××í³-
see ~ of her Ø»Ýù Ýñ³Ý ß³ï ã»Ýù ï»ëÝáõÙ. ÍáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³. Things got into a ~ ²Ù»Ý ÇÝã
do as ~ as one can ³Ý»É ³ÛÝ, ÇÝã Ñݳñ³íáñ ˳éÝí»É ¿. be in a terrible ~ ÉñÇí Ë××í»É.
¿. as ~ again ÝáõÛÝù³Ý ¿É. That’s a bit ~ ¸³ make a ~ about the date ûñ»ñÁ ˳éÝ»É:
³ñ¹»Ý ã³÷Çó ß³ï ¿. make ~ of μ³ñÓñ ·Ý³- muddle [΄mΛdl] v Ë××»É, ˳éÝ»É. ~ up with
ѳï»É. She is not ~ to look at ܳ μáÉáñáíÇÝ his brother »Õμáñ Ñ»ï ˳éÝ»É/ß÷áûÉ. ~
¿É ·»Õ»óÇÏ ã¿/ݳۻÉáõ μ³Ý ãÇ much a ß³ï. ~ through somehow ÙÇ Ï»ñå ϳñ·³íáñ»É. ~
time/food ß³ï ųٳݳÏ/áõï»ÉÇù. half as ~ along ÙÇ Ï»ñå Ûáɳ ·Ý³É:
ÏÇëáí ã³÷ Ù»Í. be too ~ for Ù»ÏÇ áõÅ»ñÇó muddle-headed [‚mΛdl΄hedid] a ÑÇÙ³ñ,
í»ñ ÉÇÝ»É. ÑÙÙï. ³ëï. more, most ³í»- μóÙÇï:
ÉÇ/³Ù»Ý³ß³ï: muddy [΄mΛdi] a Ï»Õïáï, ó»Ëáï. åÕïáñ,
much [mΛt∫] adv ß³ï, ËÇëï, ã³÷³½³Ýó. ~ ˳Ùñ³Í. ~ boots Ï»Õïáï ÏáßÇÏÝ»ñ. a ~ liq-
obliged ß³ï å³ñï³Ï³Ý. ~ to one’s surprise uid åÕïáñ ÉáõÍáõÛÃ:
Ç Ù»Í ½³ñÙ³Ýù. He’s ~ taller ܳ ß³ï ³í»ÉÇ mudguard [΄mΛdga:d] n è, ³Ýí³Í³ÍÏáó.
μ³ñÓñ³Ñ³ë³Ï ¿. ~ as I would like ÆÝãù³Ý ¿É (³íïá)ó»Ë³å³ßïå³Ý í³Ñ³Ý³Ï:
áõ½»Ý³ÛÇ. ~ of a size ѳٳñÛ³ ÝáõÛÝ ã³÷Ç. mudpack [΄mΛd‚pæk] n ¹Çٳѳñ¹³ñÙ³Ý
~ better ß³ï ³í»ÉÇ É³í. so ~ the better ³í»ÉÇ ¹ÇÙ³Ï:
ɳí: muff I [mΛf] n Ó»éݳÙáõßï³Ï (Ùáõýï³):
muck [mΛk] n ·áÙ³Õμ, Ï»Õï. ËëÏó. ½½í»- muff II [mΛf] n Ùñ½. ë˳É, íñÇåáõÙ. ³Ý-
ÉÇ/ ·³ñß»ÉÇ μ³Ý. make a ~ of things ³Ù»Ý ßÝáñÑù/³ÝÑÙáõï Ù³ñ¹£
ÇÝã ˳éÝ»É, ˳éݳß÷áà ë³ñù»É: muff [mΛf] v íñÇå»É, Ó»éùÇó μ³ó ÃáÕÝ»É.
muck [mΛk] v ·áÙ³Õμáí å³ñ³ñï³óÝ»É. ~ a ball/a catch ·Ý¹³ÏÁ μ³ó ÃáÕÝ»É. ~ one’s
÷Ëμ. Ï»Õïáï»É, ³Õïáï»É. ~ out a stable lines óïñ. ¹»ñÇ μ³é»ñÁ ˳éÝ»É:
³ËáéÁ Ù³ùñ»É. ~ up everything ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã muffin [΄mΛfin] n ÏÉáñ, ï³ù-ï³ù μáõÉÏÇ:
muffle 536 mumps

muffle [΄mΛfl] v ÷³Ã³Ã»É, ͳÍÏ»É. well ~d ÁݹѳÝáõñ μ³½Ù³å³ïÇÏÁ. ~ sclerosis


up ÉñÇí ÷³Ã³Ãí³Í. (ËɳóÝ»É, ˻չ»É) a μÅßÏ. μ³½Ù³ÏÇ ëÏÉ»ñá½. ÑÙÏñ·. multiple ~
~d sound ËáõÉ/˻չí³Í Ó³ÛÝ: access ËÙμ³ÛÇÝ ¹ÇÙ»Éáõ Çñ³íáõÝù. ~ decla-
muffler [΄mΛflə] n ß³ñý, ϳßÝ». ï»Ë. ³Õ- ration μ³½Ù³ÏÇ Ñ³Ûï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÙáõÏÁ ËɳóÝáÕ ë³ñù. μéÝóù³Ù³ñïÇ multiplicand [‚mΛltipli΄kænd] n μ³½Ù³-
Ó»éÝáó. å³ïÏÇã:
mug I [mΛg] n ·³í³Ã (ËÙ»Éáõ), óë, multiplication [‚mΛltipli΄kei∫n] n Ù³Ã.
·³í³Ã (ÏñáõÅϳ): μ³½Ù³å³ïÏáõÙ. Ï»Ýë. μ³½Ù³óáõÙ, ß³-
mug II [mΛg] n ¹áõÝã, ÙéáõÃ. ËëÏó. ÑÇÙ³ñ, ï³óáõÙ. ~ tables μ³½Ù³å³ïÏÙ³Ý ³ÕÛáõ-
å³ñ½³ÙÇï£ ë³Ï. ~ time ÑÙÏñ·. μ³½Ù³å³ïÏÙ³Ý Å³-
mug I [mΛg] v ³åï³Ï»É, ͻͻÉ. She was ٳݳÏÁ:
~ged yesterday ºñ»Ï Ýñ³ íñ³ ѳñÓ³Ï- multiplicity [‚mΛlti΄plisəti] n μ³½Ù³½³-
í»óÇÝ: ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, μ³½Ù³ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. the ~ of
mug II [mΛg] v ³Ý·Çñ ³Ý»É. ÃáõóÏÇ å»ë μ³½Ù³½³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ:
ë»ñï»É. ~ up history å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³Ý·Çñ multiplier [΄mΛltiplaiə] n μ³½Ù³å³ïÏÇã,
³Ý»É: ·áñͳÏÇó:
muggy [΄mΛgi] a ï³ù, Ëáݳí (»Õ³Ý³Ï). multiply [΄mΛltiplai] v Ù³Ã. μ³½Ù³å³ï-
˻չáõÏ, Ñ»ÕÓáõÏ. It’s ~ today ²Ûëûñ Ï»É. ~ 2 members »ñÏáõ ÃÇí μ³½Ù³å³ïÏ»É:
Ñ»ÕÓáõóÇã ¿: multipoint line [΄mΛltipɔint lain] ÑÙÏñ·.
mulatto [mju΄lætəu] n Ùáõɳï (ëåÇï³Ï ¨ μ³½Ù³Ï»ï³ÛÇÝ ·ÇÍ£
ë¨ ó»Õ»ñÇ Ë³éÝáõñ¹): multiset [΄mΛltiset] n ÑÙÏñ·. ÙáõÉïÇμ³½-
mulberry [΄mΛlbəri] 1. n μëμ. ÃûÝÇ, ÃáõÃ. ÙáõÃÛáõÝ:
2. a Ùáõ· ϳñÙÇñ: multitasking system [΄mΛlti΄ta:skiŋ
mulch [mΛlt∫] 1. n ó³ÝϳͳÍÏ. 2. v ó³Ý- ΄sistəm] ÑÙÏñ·. μ³½Ù³Ëݹñ³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³-
ϳͳÍÏ ·ó»É: ϳñ·:
mule I [mju:l] n çáñÇ. ˳éݳÍÇÝ. ÑÇμñǹ. multivalued logic [΄mΛlti΄vælju:d΄lɒdзik]
÷Ëμ. ïËÙ³ñ, ¿ß, ѳٳé. as stubborn as a ~ ÑÙÏñ·. μ³½Ù³ñÅ»ù ïñ³Ù³μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
¾ßÇ å»ë ѳٳé: multitude [΄mΛltitju:d] n μ³½ÙáõÃÛáõÝ, Ù»Í
mule II [mju:l] n ³ÝÏñáõÝÏ ÏáßÇÏ, ÑáÕ³- ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ of people μ³½ÙáõÃÛáõÝ,
ó÷: ³ÙμáË:
muleteer [‚mju:lə΄tiə] n çáñ»å³Ý£ multitudinous [‚mΛlti΄tju:dinəs] a μ³½Ù³-
mull [mΛl] n ˳éÝ»É, ß÷áûÉ. ~ wine ·ÉÇÝï- ÃÇí, μ³½Ù³ù³Ý³Ï:
í»ÛÝ å³ïñ³ëï»É: mum [mΛm] a Éáõé, ³ÝËáë. keep ~ Éé»É,
mull [mΛl] v Ùï³Í»É, ËáñÑ»É, ÁÙμéÝ»É. keep ãËáë»É. sit ~ Éáõé Ýëï»É:
~ing over problems ËáñÑ»É ãÉáõÍí³Í ѳñó»- mum [mΛm] v ÙÝçϳï³Ï ˳ճÉ:
ñÇ ßáõñçÁ: mumble [΄mΛmbl] n, v ÙñÃÙñÃáó, ùÃÇ ï³Ï
mullet [΄mΛlit] n red ~ ϳñÙñáõÏ, ³ñù³Û³- Ëáë»ÉÁ. Don’t ~, speak up ØÇ° ÙñÃÙñó,
ÓáõÏ. grey ~ »ñϳÛݳÓáõÏ, Ï»ý³É: å³ñ½/áõÕÇÕ ³ë³:
multiengined [‚mΛlti΄endзind] a μ³½Ù³- mumbo-jumbo [‚mΛmbəu΄dзΛmbəu] n
ß³ñÅÇã, μ³½Ù³Ùáïáñ: ËëÏó. ³ÝѻûÃáõÃÛáõÝ, ¹³ï³ñϳμ³Ýáõ-
multifarious [‚mΛlti΄feəriəs] a μ³½Ù³½³Ý, ÃÛáõÝ:
½³Ý³½³Ý³Ï»ñå£ mummery [΄mΛməri] n ÙÝç³Ë³Õ.
multiform [΄mΛltifɔ:m] a μ³½Ù³Ï»ñå, Ë»Õϳï³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ½³í»ßï³Ë³Õ.
μ³½Ù³Ó¨: mummify [΄mΛmifai] v ÙáõÙdz ¹³ñÓÝ»É.
multilateral [‚mΛlti΄lætrəl] a μ³½Ù³ÏáÕ- ãáñ³óÝ»É, ãáñ³Ý³É, ëÙù»É:
Ù³ÝÇ: mummy [΄mΛmi] n ÙáõÙdz, ½Ùéë³Í ¨
multinational [‚mΛlti΄næ∫nəl] a μ³½Ù³½·: ãáñ³óñ³Í ¹Ç³Ï:
multiple [΄mΛltipl] n Ù³Ã. μ³½Ù³å³ïÇÏ mummy [΄mΛmi] n ËëÏó. ٳٳ. Ù³ÛñÇÏ:
ÃÇí, least/lowest common ~ ³Ù»Ý³÷áùñ, mumps [mΛmps] n ËëÏó. Ëá½áõÏ. He’s got ~
munch 537 muster

ܳ Ëá½áõÏáí ÑÇí³Ý¹ ¿: muscular [΄mΛskjulə] a ÙϳݳÛÇÝ.


munch [mΛnt∫] v ͳٻÉ, áñá×»É, ×å×å³ó- ÙϳݻÕ, çÉáõï:
Ý»Éáí áõï»É. He was ~ing a buiscuit/apple ܳ muse [mju:z] n the ~ Ùáõë³:
ÃËí³Íù/ËÝÓáñ ¿ñ ͳÙáõÙ: muse [mju:z] v »ñ³½»É, Ùïù»ñÇ Ù»ç Ëáñ³-
mundane [mΛn΄dein] a ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý, åñá- ëáõ½í»É. ~ about/on/over smth »ñ³½»É/Ùï³-
½³ÇÏ, ³ß˳ñÑÇÏ: Í»É áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ Ù³ëÇÝ:
municipal [mju΄nisipl] a ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ÇÝùݳ- museum [mju΄zi:əm] n óݷ³ñ³Ý. a ~ piece
ϳé³í³ñÙ³Ý. ÙáõÝÇóÇå³É: óݷ³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ÝÙáõß:
municipality [mju‚nisi΄pæləti] n ÇÝùݳí³ñ mushroom [΄mΛ∫rum] n ëáõÝÏ. go ~ing
ù³Õ³ù/ßñç³Ý. ÙáõÝÇóÇå³ÉÇï»ï: ·Ý³É ëáõÝÏ Ñ³í³ù»Éáõ:
munificent [mju΄nifisənt] a ³é³ï³Ó»éÝ: music [΄mju:zik] n »ñ³ÅßïáõÃÛáõÝ. sheet ~
munitions [mju΄ni∫nz] n é³½Ù³Ùûñù, Ó³ÛݳÝÇßÝ»ñ, Ýáï³Ý»ñ. read ~ Ó³ÛݳÝÇß-
ѳݹ»ñÓ³Ýù: Ý»ñÁ ϳñ¹³É. play with ~ Ó³ÛݳÝÇßÝ»ñáí
mural [΄mjuərəl] n áñÙݳÝϳñãáõÃÛáõÝ, Ýí³·»É. set to ~ »ñ³ÅßïáõÃÛáõÝ ·ñ»É
áñÙݳÝϳñ. áñÙݳÛÇÝ: (ëï»ÕÍ. ѳٳñ). face the ~ ÷Ëμ. ãí³Ë»Ý³É
murder [΄mə:də] n ëå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. judicial ~ ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó. ~ hall ÙÛáõ½Çù-ÑáÉÉ. ~
ûñÇݳϳݳóí³Í ëå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. attempted school »ñ³Åßï³Ï³Ý ¹åñáó. ~ stand Ýá-
~ ٳѳ÷áñÓ. commit ~ ëå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³- ï³Ï³É:
ï³ñ»É. first degree ~ ³é³çÇÝ ³ëïÇ׳ÝÇ musical [΄mju:zikl] 1. a »ñ³Åßï³Ï³Ý. μ³-
ͳÝñ ëå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. second degree ~ ëå³- ñ»ÑÝãÛáõÝ. a ~ box »ñ³Åßï³Ï³Ý ³ñÏÕÇÏ.
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ Ù»ÕÙ³óáõóÇã ѳݷ³Ù³ÝùÝ»ñáí. 2. n a ~ »ñ³Åßï³Ï³Ý ϳï³Ï»ñ·áõÃÛáõÝ.
cry ~ ﳷݳå μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É, û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÛáõ½ÇùÉ:
ϳÝã»É. capital ~ ëå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ Í³Ýñ³- musician [mju΄zi∫n] n »ñ³ÅÇßï, Ýí³·áÕ:
óáõóÇã ѳݷ³Ù³ÝùÝ»ñáõÙ. She gets away musicology [‚mju:zi΄kɒlədзi] n »ñ³Åßï³-
with ~ ËëÏó. ܳ ³Ýå³ïÇÅ ¿ ÙÝáõÙ, ³Ù»Ý ·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÇÝã Ù³ñëáõÙ ¿. ~ will out س˳ÃÁ ïáåñ³- musing [΄mju:ziŋ] n »ñ³½ÏáïáõÃÛáõÝ,
ÏáõÙ ã»ë å³ñï³ÏÇ: ѳ÷ßï³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. Ùï³ÍÏáïáõÃÛáõÝ:
murder [΄mə:də] v ëå³Ý»É. ëå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ musk [mΛsk] n ÙáõßÏ, ÙßϳÛáõÕ:
ϳï³ñ»É. ~ the play ÷Ëμ. Ý»ñϳ۳óáõÙÝ musket [΄mΛskit] n ÙáõßÏ»ï (Ññ³ó³Ý):
³Ûɳݹ³Ï»É: musketeer [‚mΛskə΄tiə] n Ññ³ó³Ý³ÏÇñ:
murderer [΄mə:dərə] n Ù³ñ¹³ëå³Ý: muslin [΄mΛzlin] n ÙÇïÏ³É (·áñÍí³Íù):
murderous [΄mə:dərəs] a ٳѳóáõ, ٳѳ- musquash [΄mΛskwɒ∫] n ϻݹ. ÙßϳÙáõÏ:
μ»ñ. ³ñÛáõݳѻÕ. ³ñÛáõݳñμáõ: mussel [΄mΛsl] n ϻݹ. Ë»ó»ÙáñÃÇ, Ùǹdz:
murk [mə:k] n, a ÙÃáõÃÛáõÝ, ˳í³ñ. ÙáõÃ, must [mΛst] n å³ñï³¹Çñ μ³Ý, å³ñï³íá-
˳í³ñ: ñáõÃÛáõÝ. It’s a ~ ¸³ å³ñï³¹Çñ ¿:
murky [΄mə:ki] a ³Õáï, ÙÃÇÝ, Ùé³Û. a ~ must [mΛst] v å»ïù ¿, å³ñï³íáñ (ÉÇÝ»É).
night Ùáõà ·Çß»ñ. a ~ business ÷Ëμ. Ùáõà You ~ do it ¸áõ å³ñï³íáñ »ë ³Û¹ ³Ý»É.
·áñÍ: (³ÝËáõë³÷»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ) All men ~ die ´áÉáñ
murmur [΄mə:mə] n ËáËáçÛáõÝ, ßñßÛáõÝ. Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ Ù»éÝ»Éáõ »Ý. One ~ eat to live ä»ïù
ßßÝçÛáõÝ, ÷ë÷ëáó. a ~ of voices/bees ¿ áõï»É ³åñ»Éáõ ѳٳñ. (ѳí³Ý³Ï³Ýáõ-
ßßÝçÛáõÝ, Ù»ÕáõÝ»ñÇ μ½½áó. the ~ of a brook ÃÛáõÝ) It ~ have been yesterday ¸³ ѳí³-
³éí³ÏÇ ËáËáçÛáõÝ. agree without a ~ ³Ý- ݳμ³ñ »ñ»Ï ¿ »Õ»É:
Ó³ÛÝ Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝí»É a heart ~ μÅßÏ. ³ÕÙáõÏ mustachioed [mə΄sta:∫i‚əud] a μ»Õ³íáñ:
ëñïáõÙ: mustang [΄mΛstæŋ] n ϻݹ. í³Ûñdzó³Í ÓÇ:
murmur [΄mə:mə] v ßßÝç³É, ÷ë÷ë³É, mustard [΄mΛstəd] n ٳݳݻË. ~ plaster
ùñÃÙÝç³É, ¹Å·áÑ»É. ~ at high taxation ٳݳݻËÇ ëå»Õ³ÝÇ. apply ~ plaster Ù³-
¹Å·áÑ»É μ³ñÓñ ѳñÏ»ñÇó: ݳݻËÇ ëå»Õ³ÝÇ ¹Ý»É. ~ pot ٳݳݻËÇ
muscle [΄mΛsl] n ÙϳÝ. ËëÏó. áõÅ. move ~s ³Ù³Ý.
ÙϳÝÝ»ñÁ ß³ñÅ»É/˳ճóÝ»É: muster [΄mΛstə] n ѳí³ù, ½áñ³Ñ³í³ù.
muster 538 mythology

ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ëïáõ·³ï»ë. pass ~ åÇï³ÝÇ muzzle [΄mΛzl] n ¹áõÝã, ¹Ýã³Ï³É. ~ of the


ѳٳñí»É: gun Ññ³½»ÝÇ ÷áÕ³μ»ñ³Ý:
muster [΄mΛstə] v ѳí³ù(í)»É. ~ (up) one’s muzzle [΄mΛzl] v ¹Ýã³Ï³É ¹Ý»É. ÷Ëμ. μ»-
courage ³ñÇáõÃÛáõÝÁ ѳí³ù»É£ ñ³ÝÁ ÷³Ï»É, Éé»óÝ»É. ~ a dog ß³ÝÁ ¹Ýã³-
musty [΄mΛsti] a μáñμáëݳÍ, ٷɳÍ, Ï³É ¹Ý»É. ~ smb ÷Ëμ. Ù»ÏÇÝ Éé»óÝ»É:
÷ï³Í. a ~ atmosphere É׳ó³Í/·³Õç ÙÃÝá- my [mai] prn ÇÙ. to ~ surprise Ç ½³ñÙ³Ýë:
Éáñï. The room looks ~ ê»ÝÛ³ÏÁ ³ÝËݳ٠myopia [mai΄əupiə] n ϳñ׳ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ:
ï»ëù áõÝÇ. The books smell ~ ¶ñù»ñÇó myriad [΄miriəd] n, a μÛáõñ, ³ÝÃÇí/³Ýѳ-
μáñμáëÇ Ñáï ¿ ·³ÉÇë: Ù³ñ ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. μÛáõñ³íáñ, ³Ýѳٳñ:
mutable [΄mju:təbl] a ³Ýѳëï³ï, ÷á÷á- myrrh [mə:] n ½Ùáõéë, ³Ýáõß³Ñáï Ë»Å:
˳ϳÝ, Ñ»ÕÑ»ÕáõÏ: myrtle [΄mə:tl] n μëμ. Ùñï»ÝÇ, ÙñïÇ:
mutation [mju΄tei∫n] n ÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝ, ÷á- myself [mai΄self] prn ÇÝùë. refl. ÇÝùë ÇÝÓ.
÷áËáõÙ. Ï»Ýë. Ùáõï³ódz. ÑÝã. áõÙɳáõï: emph. »ë ÇÝùë. I saw her ~ ºë ÇÝùë Ýñ³Ý
mute [mju:t] 1. n ѳÙñ (Ù³ñ¹). »ñÅß. ï»ë³. I made it all by ~ ºë ³Û¹ μáÉáñÁ ÇÝùë
Ù»ÕÙáó, ëáõñ¹ÇÝϳ, 2. a ѳÙñ. become ~ ³ñ»óÇ. I speak just for ~ ºë ÙdzÛÝ ÇÝÓ Ñ³-
ѳÙñ³Ý³É: Ù³ñ »Ù ³ëáõÙ. I have hurt ~ ºë ÇÝÓ
mutilate [΄mju:tileit] v ˻ջÉ, ѳßٳݹ³Ù íݳë»óÇ:
¹³ñÓÝ»É. a ~d manuscript ÷Ëμ. ËÇëï mysterious [mi΄stiəriəs] a ËáñÑñ¹³íáñ,
÷ã³óñ³Í ӻ鳷Çñ: ³ÝÁÙμéÝ»ÉÇ. ³é»ÕÍí³Í³ÛÇÝ. ~ disappear-
mutilation [‚mju:ti΄lei∫n] n ѳßÙáõÃÛáõÝ, ance/crime/story ËáñÑñ¹³íáñ ³ÝÑ»ï³óáõÙ/
Ë»ÕáõÙ. ³Õ׳ïáõÙ, ˻ճÃÛáõñáõÙ, ³Õ³- ѳÝó³·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ³Ýëáíáñ å³ïÙáõ-
í³ÕáõÙ: ÃÛáõÝ:
mutineer [‚mju:ti΄niə] n Ëéáí³ñ³ñ, ³åÁë- mystery [΄mistri] n ·³ÕïÝÇù, ³é»ÕÍí³Í.
ï³Ùμ: unsolved ~ ãμ³ó³Ñ³Ûïí³Í ³é»ÕÍí³Í.
mutinous [΄mju:tinəs] a Ëéáí³ñ³ñ, Ëéá- wrapped in ~ ³é»ÕÍí³Íáí å³ñáõñí³Í. It’s
í³ñ³ñ³Ï³Ý. a ~ spirit Ëéáí³ñ³ñ á·Ç£ a ~ to me ¸³ ÇÝÓ Ñ³Ù³ñ ÙÝáõÙ ¿
mutiny [΄mju:təni] n ËéáíáõÃÛáõÝ, ³åÁë- ³é»ÕÍí³Í. a ~ play ÙÇçݳ¹³ñÛ³Ý Ïñáݳ-
ï³ÙμáõÃÛáõÝ£ Ï³Ý ¹ñ³Ù³. ÙÇëï»ñdz. ~ book/story/novel
mutter [΄mΛtə] n ÙñÃÙñóÉ, ÷ÝÃ÷ÝóÉ. a ~ ³ñϳͳËݹñ³ÛÇÝ ·ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ¹»-
of disapproval ¹Å·áÑ ÙñÃÙñÃáó: ï»ÏïÇí:
mutter [΄mΛtə] v ÙñÃÙñóÉ. ÷ÝÃ÷ÝóÉ: mystic [΄mistik] n ËáñÑñ¹³íáñ, ³é»ÕÍí³-
mutton [΄mΛtn] 1. n áã˳ñÇ ÙÇë. 2. a áã- ͳÛÇÝ:
˳ñÇ ~ chop áã˳ñÇ ÏáïÉ»ï. ~ chop whis- mysticism [΄mistisiz(ə)m] n ËáñÑñ¹³ÙáÉáõ-
kers ³Ûï³Ùáñáõù: ÃÛáõÝ, ÙÇëïÇóǽÙ:
mutual [΄mju:t∫uəl] a ÷á˳¹³ñÓ, »ñÏÏáÕ- mystification [‚mistifi΄kei∫n] n ˳μ»áõ-
Ù³ÝÇ, ÁݹѳÝáõñ. ~ feeling »ñÏÏáÕÙ³ÝÇ ÃÛáõÝ, ÙáÉáñ»óáõÙ:
½·³óÙáõÝù. ~ understanding ÷áËÁÙμéÝáõÙ. mystify [΄mistifai] n ˳μ»É, ÙáÉáñ»óÝ»É.
by ~ agreement »ñÏÏáÕÙ³ÝÇ Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝáõ- ËáñÑñ¹³íáñáõÃÛ³Ùμ ßñç³å³ï»É:
ÃÛ³Ùμ. ~ aid ÷áËû·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ understand-
mystique [mi΄sti:k] n ³é»ÕÍí³Í, ÙÇëïÇϳ,
³Ýμ³ó³ïñ»ÉÇ μ³Ý:
ing ÷áËѳëϳóáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ friend Áݹ-
myth [miθ] n ³é³ëå»É, ÙÇý, ÙÛáõÃáë:
ѳÝáõñ ÁÝÏ»ñ. ~ wills ÷á˳¹³ñÓ μÝáõÛÃÇ
mythical [΄miθikl] a ³é³ëå»É³Ï³Ý:
Ïï³ÏÝ»ñ. ~ insurance company ÷á˳¹³ñÓ
³å³Ñáí³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
mythological [‚miθə΄lɒdзikl] a ¹Çó³μ³Ý³-
ϳÝ, ³é³ëå»É³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý:
mutually [΄mju:t∫uəli] adv ÷á˳¹³ñÓ³-
μ³ñ. ~ dependent ÙÇÙÛ³ÝóÇó ÷á˳¹³ñÓ³-
mythology [mi΄θɒlədзi] n ¹Çó³μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ,
μ³ñ ϳËí³Í: ³é³ëå»É³μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
539

N, n [en] ³Ý·É»ñ»Ý ³Ûμáõμ»ÝÇ 14-ñ¹ ï³éÁ. nail [neil] v ٻ˻É, ·³Ù»É, 먻é»É. ~ down the
Ù³Ã. ³Ýáñáß Ù»ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. to the N th ÙÇÝ㨠N lid ϳ÷³ñÇãÁ ٻ˻É/ٻ˻ñáí ³Ùñ³óÝ»É.
(ó³Ýϳó³Í ³ëïÇ׳ÝÁ). ÙÇÝ㨠³Ýí»ñçáõ- ~ a poster/a notice board on the wall å³ïÇÝ
ÃÛáõÝ. ËëÏó. ³Ýë³ÑÙ³Ý: åɳϳï/óáõó³Ý³Ï ³Ùñ³óÝ»É. ~ together
nab [næb] n Ññ³Ñ³Ý, ßÝÇÏ: ٻ˻Éáí Çñ³ñ ³Ùñ³óÝ»É. ~ the bargain
nab [næb] v ËëÏó. ѳÝó³ÝùÇ ï»ÕáõÙ μéÝ»É/ ·áñͳñùÁ Ó¨³Ï»ñå»É. ~ up ٻ˻Éáí ÷³-
Ó»ñμ³Ï³É»É. The police ~bed him àëïÇϳ- Ï»É. They ~ed up all the windows Üñ³Ýù μáÉáñ
ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ï»ÕÝáõï»ÕÁ Ýñ³Ý μéÝ»ó: å³ïáõѳÝÝ»ñÁ ٻ˻óÇÝ. ~ down ÷Ëμ.
nabob [΄neibɒb] n ÑݹÇÏ Çß˳Ý. ÷Ëμ. ß³ï Ý»ÕÁ ÉÍ»É. He ~ed me down in the corridor ܳ
ѳñáõëï Ù³ñ¹: ÇÝÓ ÙÇç³ÝóùáõÙ μéݳóñ»ó. ~ down the exact
nacelle [nə΄sel] n (ÇÝùݳÃÇé) μ³ó ËóÇÏ. expression ³ñï³Ñ³Ûï»É ëïáõÛ·/ ×ß·ñÇï
(û¹³å³ñÇÏ) ½³ÙμÛáõÕ: ÇÙ³ëïÁ. be ~ed at Çñ ï»ÕáõÙ ·³Ùí»É:
nadir [΄neidiə] n ³ëïÕ·. ݳ¹Çñ (·³·³Ãݳ- nailing [΄neiliŋ]1. a ËëÏó. ³é³çݳϳñ·,
Ï»ïÇ/½»ÝÇÃÇ Ñ³Ï³é³Ï Ï»ïÁ). ÷Ëμ. ͳÛ- ·»ñ³½³Ýó. 2. adv ·»ñ³½³Ýó, Ññ³ß³ÉÇ
ñ³Ñ»Õ ³ÝÏÙ³Ý ßñç³Ý. be at the ~ of one’s Ï»ñåáí:
hopes áã ÙÇ ÑáõÛë ãáõݻݳÉ: naïve, naive [nai΄i:v] a ÙdzÙÇï, å³ñ½³-
nag [næg] n ϳñ׳ѳë³Ï ó»ÕÇ ÓÇ. ѳÉÇó ÙÇï. μݳϳÝ, ³Ýå³×áõÛ×:
ÁÝÏ³Í ÓÇ: naïvete΄, naivety, [nai΄i:vətei, nai΄i:vəti] n
nag [næg] v ÏéíÇ ³éÇà áñáÝ»É. μͳËݹñáõ- ÙdzÙïáõÃÛáõÝ, å³ñ½³ÙïáõÃÛáõÝ. å³ñ½áõ-
ÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É. íñ³Ý Ëáë»É. ~ at smb Ñá·ÇÝ ÃÛáõÝ, μݳϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
ѳݻÉ. Don’t ~ гݷÇëï ÃáÕ ÇÝÓ. ØÇ° naked [΄neikid] a Ù»ñÏ, ïÏÉáñ. (ݳ¨ ÷Ëμ.).
÷ÝÃ÷Ýó. (ÏÝáç Ù³ëÇÝ) ï³Ýç»É, ѳÝ- a ~ body Ù»ñÏ Ù³ñÙÇÝ. go about ~ Ù»ñÏ
·Çëï ãï³É. She ~s him all day long ²ÙμáÕç ÉÇÝ»É. strip ~ ÉñÇí Ù»ñϳݳÉ. ~ as the day he
ûñÁ ËáëáõÙ ¿ Ýñ³ íñ³. His conscious ~ged was born ÷Ëμ., ËëÏó. ÙáñÇó Ù»ñÏ. ~
him ÊÇÕ×Á Ýñ³Ý ï³ÝçáõÙ ¿ñ: light/bulb ÷Ëμ. ³é³Ýó Éáõë³Ù÷á÷Ç É³Ùå.
nagger [΄nægə] n Ïéí³ËݹÇñ/Ù³Ýñ³ËݹÇñ (μ³ó, ãÙ»Ïáõë³óí³Í) a ~ wire ãÙ»Ïáõ-
Ù³ñ¹. ùñÃÙÝçáÕ/÷ÝÃ÷ÝÃ³Ý ÏÇÝ: ë³óí³Í ¿É»Ïïñ³É³ñ. a ~ tree ë³Õ³ñó-
nagging [΄nægiŋ] a ÷ÝÃ÷ÝóÝ, ÙáñÙáùáõÝ, ½áõñÏ Í³é. (³Ý½»Ý) a ~ eye ³Ý½»Ý ³ãù.
ÙÕÏï³Ý. a ~ pain ÙáñÙáùáõÝ/ÙÕÏï³Ý ó³í. (μ³ó³Ñ³Ûï) ~ facts Ù»ñÏ ÷³ëï»ñ. ~ asser-
a ~ anxiety ï³ÝçáÕ ³ÝѳݷëïáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ tion Ù»ñϳå³ñ³Ýáó/³ÝÑÇÙÝ åݹáõÙ/
wife Ïéí³ñ³ñ/÷ÝÃ÷ÝÃ³Ý ÏÇÝ: ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ promise ¹³ï³ñÏ
nail I [neil] n ϽÙË. »ÕáõÝ· (ϻݹ³Ýáõ), Ù³- ËáëïáõÙ. a ~ truth μ³ó³Ñ³Ûï/Ù»ñÏ
·ÇÉ, ׳ÝÏ. ׳ÝÏ»ñ. ~ brush »ÕáõÝ·Ý»ñÇ Ëá- ×ßÙ³ñïáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ blade Ù»ñÏ ³Í»ÉÇ.
½³Ý³Ï. ~ file »ÕáõÝ·Ý»ñÇ Ë³ñïáó/ëÕá- ÑÙÏñ·. ~ machine ‘Ù»ñÏ’ Ù»ù»Ý³ (³é³Ýó
óÇÏ. ~ polish/varnish »ÕáõÝ·Ý»ñÇ É³ù. ~ po- Íñ³·ñÇ):
lish remover ɳùÁ Ù³ùñ»Éáõ Ñ»ÕáõÏ, ³ó»- namby-pamby [‚næmbi΄pæmbi] n, a
ïáÝ. cut/do one’s ~s »ÕáõÝ·Ý»ñÁ Ïïñ»É/ ë»Ã¨»Ã³Ýù, ݳ½. ë»Ã¨»Ã, ³ÝμݳϳÝ,
ѳñ¹³ñ»É. bite one’s ~s »ÕáõÝ·Ý»ñÁ ÏñÍ»É: ÏáïñïíáÕ. a ~ child ËëÏó. ɳÉÏ³Ý »ñ»-
nail II [neil] n Ù»Ë, ·³Ù. on the ~ ³Ý- ˳:
ÙÇç³å»ë, ÇëÏáõÛÝ. right as ~s ÷Ëμ. name [neim] n ³ÝáõÝ. first/christian/given ~
Ùdzݷ³Ù³ÛÝ ×Çßï ¿. hit the ~ on the head ³ÝáõÝ. family/second ~ ³½·³ÝáõÝ. pet ~ ÷³-
÷Ëμ. ×Çßï Ïé³Ñ»É/·áõ߳ϻÉ. hard as ~s Õ³ùß³Ï³Ý ³ÝáõÝ. maiden ~ ûñÇáñ¹³Ï³Ý
Ïá÷í³Í, »÷í³Í. drive home a ~ Ù»- ³ÝáõÝ. married ~ ³ÙáõëÝ³Ï³Ý ³½·³ÝáõÝ.
ËÁ/·ÉËÇÏÁ ÙÇÝ㨠í»ñç Ë÷»É£ in the ~ of ѳÝáõÝ, ³ÝáõÝÇó. use smb’s ~
name 540 narrow

íϳ۳Ïáã»É Ù»ÏÇÝ. full ~ ÉñÇí ³ÝáõÝÁ (³- nankeen [næŋ΄ki:n] n ݳÝÏÇÝ (·áñÍí³Íù).
ÝáõÝÁ ¨ ³½·³ÝáõÝÁ). assumed ~ Ï»ÕͳÝáõÝ. ~s ݳÝÏÇÝÇó ϳñ³Í ï³μ³ïÝ»ñ:
known only by ~ ÙdzÛÝ ³ÝáõÝÝ ÇٳݳÉ. put nanny [΄næni] n ¹³Û³Ï:
one’s ~ to ëïáñ³·ñ»É. in ~ ³Ýí³Ý³å»ë. nanny (goat) [΄nænigəut] n ¿· ³ÛÍ:
trade ~ ýÇñÙ³ÛÇÝ/³é¨ïñ³ÛÇÝ ³ÝáõÝ. busi- nap I [næp] n ÝÇÝç, ÝÇñÑ. have/snatch/take a ~
ness ~ Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛ³Ý ³Ýí³ÝáõÙ. call ~s ÝÝç»É, ÝÇñÑ»É. steal a ~ ·³Õï³·áÕÇ ÝÇñÑ»É.
ѳÛÑáÛ»É. give a ~ ³Ýí³Ý»É, ³ÝáõÝ ï³É. a be caught ~ping ÷Ëμ. ѳÝϳñͳÏÇ/
girl, Ann by ~ ²Ýݳ ³ÝáõÝáí ÙÇ ³ÕçÇÏ. ³Ý³ÏÝϳÉÇ ·³É:
write under another ~ Ù»Ï ³ÛÉ ³Ýí³Ý ï³Ï nap II [næp] n ˳í, Ù³½³Ë³í (·áñÍ-
·ñ»É. ~ day ³Ýí³Ý³ÏáãáõÃÛ³Ý ûñ. ~ part í³ÍùÇ):
óïñ. ·É˳íáñ ¹»ñÁ. (Çñ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ) the ~ nape [neip] n ÍáÍñ³Ï. the ~ of the neck
of a book ·ñùÇ í»ñݳ·ÇñÁ. the ~ of the å³ñ³ÝáóÇ Ñ»ï¨Ç Ù³ëÁ:
river/street ·»ïÇ/÷áÕáóÇ ³ÝáõÝÁ. ù»ñ. ·á- naphtha [΄næfθə] n ݳíÃ, Ï»ñáëÇÝ:
Û³Ï³Ý ³ÝáõÝ proper/common ~ ѳïáõÏ/ ѳ- napkin [΄næpkin] n ³ÝÓ»éáóÇÏ. »ñ»Ë³ÛÇ
ë³ñ³Ï ³ÝáõÝ. (ѳÙμ³í, Ñ»ÕÇݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ) ï³Ï³ßáñ/˳ÝÓ³ñáõñ. lay up in a ~ ÷Ëμ.
bad/ill ~ í³ï ѳÙμ³í. He’s made a ~ for him- óùëïáóáõÙ å³Ñ»É, ãû·ï³·áñÍ»É:
self ܳ ÇÝùÝ ¿ ëï»ÕÍ»É Çñ ³ÝáõÝÁ. get one- narcissus [na:΄sisəs] n (pl ݳ¨ narcissi)
self a bad ~ í³ï ѳÙμ³í Ó»éù μ»ñ»É. call ݳñ·Ç½:
bad ~s ѳÛÑáÛ»É, íÇñ³íáñ³Ï³Ý ³ÝáõÝÝ»ñ narcosis [na:΄kəusis] n ݳñÏá½, ÃÙñ»óáõÙ£
ï³É. speak in smb’s ~ ÇÝã-áñ Ù»ÏÇ ³ÝáõÝÇó narcotic [na:΄kɒtik] n ÃÙñ³¹»Õ, ÃÙñ³ÝÛáõÃ.
Ëáë»É. He’s manager only in ~ ܳ ÙdzÛÝ Ý³ñÏáïÇÏ ÙÇçáó. ~ addiction ÃÙñ³ÙáÉáõ-
³ÝáõÝáí ¿ ïÝûñ»Ý. mention no ~ ³ÝáõÝÝ»ñ ÃÛáõÝ. ~ trade ÃÙñ³ÝÛáõûñÇ ³é¨ïáõñ:
ãÑÇß³ï³Ï»É. He hasn’t a penny to his ~ ܳ nark [na:k] n ËëÏó. Ëáõ½³ñÏáõ, Éñï»ë:
ÙÇ ùáé Ïáå»Ï ãáõÝÇ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ - address table narrate [nə΄reit] v å³ïÙ»É. ~ one’s adven-
³ÝáõÝ-ѳëó» ³ÕÛáõë³Ï. ~ conflict ³ÝáõÝ- tures å³ïÙ»É Çñ ³ñϳÍÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ:
Ý»ñÇ ÏáÝýÉÇÏï. ~ space ³ÝáõÝÝ»ñÇ ïÇ- narration [nə΄rei∫n] n å³ïÙí³Íù, å³ï-
ñáõÛã ÙáõÃÛáõÝ. å³ïÙ»ÉÁ:
name [neim] v ³Ýí³Ý»É, Ïáã»É. They ~d him narrative [΄nærətiv] n, a å³ïÙí³Íù,
Aram îÕ³ÛÇÝ ²ñ³Ù ³Ýí³Ý»óÇÝ. a young å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ. å³ïÙáճϳÝ:
man ~d Tom ÂáÙ ³ÝáõÝáí ÙÇ »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹. narrator [nə΄reitə] n å³ïÙáÕ, ³ëáÕ,
The street was ~d in his honour öáÕáóÁ ³ëÙáõÝùáÕ:
Ïáãí»ó Ýñ³ å³ïíÇÝ. (ÑÇß³ï³Ï»É, ÑÇß»É) narrow [΄nærəu] a Ý»Õ, ë»ÕÙ. ~ street Ý»Õ
the magazines ~d above í»ñÁ Ýßí³Í ³Ù- ÷áÕáó. The coat is too ~ í»ñ³ñÏáõÝ ß³ï
ë³·ñ»ñÁ. N~ all the leaders ´áÉáñ ³é³ç- Ý»Õ ¿ ÇÝÓ Ñ³Ù³ñ. a ~ circle of acquaintance
Ýáñ¹Ý»ñÇ ³ÝáõÝÁ Ýß»ù. (Ý߳ݳϻÉ. Ýß»É) ~ ͳÝáÃÝ»ñÇ Ý»Õ ßñç³Ý³Ï. (ë»ÕÙ, ë³ÑÙ³-
a day for meeting Ýß³Ý³Ï»É ÅáÕáíÇ ûñÁ. ~ ݳ÷³Ï) ~ interpretation ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï/Ý»Õ
your price ³ë»ù/Ý߳ݳϻù Ó»ñ ·ÇÝÁ. Ù»Ïݳμ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ term ë»Õ٠ųÙÏ»ï. ~
ÑÙÏñ·. ~d field ³Ýí³Ý³Ïáãí³Í ¹³ßï. ~d terms ËÇëï å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ. in the ~ sense of the
user ·ñ³Ýóí³Í û·ï³·áñÍáÕ: word μ³éÇ Ý»Õ ÇÙ³ëïáí. a man of ~ views
name-day [΄neimdei] n ³Ýí³Ý³ÏáãáõÃÛ³Ý Ý»Õ Ñ³Û³óùÝ»ñÇ ï»ñ Ù³ñ¹. ~ examination
ûñ: Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ ëïáõ·áõÙ/ѻﳽáïáõÙ. (³Ý-
nameless [΄neimləs] a ³Ý³ÝáõÝ, ³ÝѳÛï, Ýß³Ý ·»ñ³ÏßéáõÃÛáõÝ) a ~ majority ٻͳ-
³Ýëïáñ³·Çñ. He wished to remain ~ ܳ Ù³ëÝáõÃÛ³Ý ³ÝÝß³Ý ·»ñ³ÏßéáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~
ó³Ýϳó³í ³ÝѳÛï ÙݳÉ: escape ѳ½Çí/¹Åí³ñÇÝ ³½³ïáõÙ:
namely [΄neimli] adv ³ÛëÇÝùÝ, ³ÛÝ ¿. narrow [΄nærəu] n ÏÇñ×. Ý»ÕáõóÇ, ·»ïÇ ¨
nameplate [΄neimpleit] n ³Ýí³Ý³ï³Ë- ³ÛÉÝÇ Ý»Õ Ù³ëÁ:
ï³Ï: narrow [΄nærəu] v ë»ÕÙ»É, ݻճóÝ»É, ݻճ-
namesake [΄neimseik] n ³Ýí³Ý³ÏÇó, ÝáõÛÝ Ý³É. ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï»É. where the river ~s áñ-
³ÝáõÝÝ áõÝ»óáÕ: ï»Õ ·»ïÁ ݻճÝáõÙ ¿. The argument ~s
narrow-gauge 541 natural

down to this point ì»×Á ѳëóíáõÙ ¿ ³Ûë »ñÏñáõÙ. the ~ press Ï»ÝïñáÝ³Ï³Ý Ù³ÙáõÉ.
Ï»ïÇÝ. The search has been ~ed down лï³- ~ defence »ñÏñÇ å³ßïå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ. ~ secu-
½áïáõÃÛáõÝÁ ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ïí»ó: rity ³½·³ÛÇÝ ³Ýíï³Ý·áõÃÛáõÝ. ~ service
narrow-gauge [‚nærəu΄geidз] a »ñÏÃ. ½ÇÝíáñ³Ï³Ý ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ:
Ý»ÕáõÕÇ: nationalism [΄næ∫nəliz(ə)m] n ³½·³Ûݳ-
narrowly [΄nærəuli] adv áõß³¹Çñ, Ù³Ý- ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
ñ³½ÝÇÝ Ï»ñåáí. ë»ÕÙáñ»Ý. He regarded her nationalist [΄næ∫nəlist] n ³½·³ÛݳϳÝ:
~ ܳ ËÇëï áõß³¹Çñ ݳÛáõÙ ¿ñ ³ÕçϳÝ. He nationality [‚næ∫ə΄næləti] n ³½·áõÃÛáõÝ,
~ missed being killed ܳ ùÇã ¿ñ ÙÝáõÙ ³½·³ÛÇÝ å³ïϳݻÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ. What is her
ëå³Ýí»ñ: ~? à±í ¿ ³½·áõÃÛ³Ùμ. dual ~ »ñϳÏÇ ù³Õ³-
narrow-minded [‚nærəu΄maindid] a ù³óÇáõÃÛáõÝ:
Ý»ÕÙÇï, ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï, ϳñ×ÙÇï: nationalization [‚næ∫nəlai΄zei∫n] n ³½·³Û-
narrowness [΄nærəunəs] n Ý»ÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ë³Ñ- ݳóáõÙ, å»ï³Ï³Ý³óáõÙ:
ٳݳ÷³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ: nationalize [΄næ∫nəlaiz] v ³½·³Ûݳóݻɣ
nasal [΄neizl] n, a ÑÝã. éÝ·³ÛÇÝ ÑÝãÛáõÝ. native [΄neitiv] n μÝÇÏ, ïíÛ³É ï»ÕáõÙ
éÝ·³ÛÇÝ, éÝ·áõÙ ËáëáÕ, éÝ·³Ëáë. speak ÍÝí³Í. ï»Õ³óÇ. a ~ of London μÝÇÏ ÉáÝ-
with a ~ twang ùÃáõÙ Ëáë»É: ¹áÝóÇ. She speaks Italian like a ~ Æï³É»ñ»ÝÁ
nasalize [΄neizəlaiz] v ÑÝã. éÝ·³ÛݳóÝ»É: Ýñ³ ѳٳñ ϳñÍ»ë Ù³Ûñ»ÝÇ É»½áõ ÉÇÝÇ:
nascent [΄næsnt] a ÍÝáõݹ/ëÏÇ½μ ³éÝáÕ: native [΄neitiv] a ѳñ³½³ï, ѳÛñ»ÝÇ, Ù³Û-
nasturtium [nə΄stə:∫əm] n μëμ. çñÏáï»Ù, ñ»ÝÇ. μÝÇÏ. ~ land ѳÛñ»ÝÇù. ~ language Ù³Û-
ݳëïáõñódz: ñ»ÝÇ É»½áõ. the ~ population ï»ÕÇ/μÝÇÏ
nasty [΄na:sti] a ½½í»ÉÇ, ·³ñß»ÉÇ, ÝáÕϳÉÇ. μݳÏãáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ flora and fauna ï»Õ³Ï³Ý
³Ñ³íáñ. a ~ smell/taste ·³ñß»ÉÇ Ñáï, μáõë³Ï³Ý ¨ ϻݹ³Ý³Ï³Ý ³ß˳ñÑÁ.
½½í»ÉÇ Ñ³Ù. What ~ weather! Æ°Ýã ½½í»ÉÇ ÷Ëμ. μݳϳÝ, μݳÍÇÝ. ~ wit μݳ-
»Õ³Ý³Ï ¿. have a ~ temper ëáëϳÉÇ μݳíá- ϳÝ/ μݳïáõñ Ë»Éù. ~ talent μݳÍÇÝ
ñáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ. a ~ trick ³Ýí³Û»É ³ñ³ñù. ï³Õ³Ý¹:
It’s a ~ business ²Ñ³íáñ ¿. give a ~ look ã³ñ native-born [‚neitiv΄bɔ:n] a μÝÇÏ, ï»Õ³-
ѳ۳óùáí ݳۻÉ. be ~ to smn Ù»ÏÇ Ñ»ï ß³ï ϳÝ, ï»Õ³óÇ£
í³ï í³ñí»É. He’s a ~ piece of work ËëÏó. nativity [nə΄tivəti] n ÍÝáõݹ. the N~ øñÇïáëÇ
ܳ Ï»Õïáï ïÇå ¿. Don’t be ~ ËëÏó. ²Ý- ÍÝáõݹÁ:
ѳÙáõÃÛáõÝ ÙÇ ³ÝÇ, гÙÁ ÙÇ Ñ³ÝÇ. turn ~ natter [΄nætə] v ËëÏó. ß³Õ³Ïñ³ï»É, ³÷»Õ-
ë³ëïÇÏ μ³ñϳݳÉ/ã³ñ³Ý³É/½³Ûñ³Ý³É: ó÷»Õ Ëáë»É£
natal [΄neitl] a ÍÝݹ۳Ý. ~ place ÍÝݹ³í³Ûñ: natty [΄næti] a ÏáÏÇÏ, Ýñμ³·»Õ:
natality [nei΄tæləti] n ÍÝ»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ, μݳÏ- natural [΄næt∫rəl] n μÅßÏ. Ç ÍÝ» ³åáõß.
ãáõÃÛ³Ý μÝ³Ï³Ý ³×: »ñÅß. μ»Ï³ñ C ~ ¹á μ»Ï³ñ. ËëÏó. ßÝáñ-
nation [΄nei∫n] n ÅáÕáíáõñ¹, ³½·. the Ar- ѳÉÇ/ûÅïí³Í Ù³ñ¹. He ‘s a ~ for the part ܳ
menian ~ Ñ³Û ³½·Á. United N ~s Ødzíáñ- ëï»ÕÍí³Í ¿ ³Ûë ¹»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ:
í³Í ³½·»ñ, peace-loving ~s ˳ճճë»ñ natural [΄næt∫rəl] a μݳϳÝ, μݳÍÇÝ. ~ har-
ÅáÕáíáõñ¹Ý»ñ. ~ wide ѳٳÅáÕáíñ¹³Ï³Ý, bour μÝ³Ï³Ý Ý³í³Ñ³Ý·Çëï. ~ environment
ѳٳ½·³ÛÇÝ: μÝ³Ï³Ý ÙÇç³í³Ûñ. ~ disaster μݳϳÝ, ï³-
national [΄næ∫nəl] n ѳÛñ»Ý³ÏÇó, ѳٳù³- ñ»ñ³ÛÇÝ ³Õ»ï. death from ~ causes μݳϳÝ
Õ³ù³óÇ. Ñå³ï³Ï. foreign ~s ûï³ñ Ñå³- Ù³Ñ. sound ~ μÝ³Ï³Ý Ó³ÛÝáí Ëáë»É. ~ his-
ï³ÏÝ»ñ. tory μݳ·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ science(s) μݳϳÝ
national [΄næ∫nəl] a ³½·³ÛÇÝ, ÅáÕáíñ¹³- ·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. ~ course of events Çñ»ñÇ
ϳÝ, å»ï³Ï³Ý. ~ dress/holiday ³½·³ÛÇÝ μÝ³Ï³Ý ÁÝóóù. ~ resources μݳϳÝ
ѳ·áõëï/ïáÝ. ~ anthem/flag å»ï³Ï³Ý ѳñëïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. ~ talent/instinct μݳϳÝ
ûñÑÝ»ñ·/¹ñáß. ~ park ³ñ·»Éáó, ³ñ·»É³- ï³Õ³Ý¹/μݳ½¹. ~ orator/musician μݳÍÇÝ
í³Ûñ. ~ economy ÅáÕáíñ¹³Ï³Ý ïÝï»ëáõ- Ñé»ïáñ/»ñ³ÅÇßï. It comes ~ to him Üñ³
ÃÛáõÝ. ~ emergency ³ñï³Ï³ñ· ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ Ùáï ¹³ ÇÝùÝÁëïÇÝùÛ³Ý ëï³óíáõÙ ¿. (áã
naturalism 542 near

³ñÑ»ëï³Ï³Ý) ~ silk/leather μݳϳÝ/Çëϳ- å³ïß³× å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ:


Ï³Ý Ù»ï³ùë/ϳßÇ. ~ flowers ϻݹ³ÝÇ Í³- nausea [΄nɔ:siə] n ëñï˳éÝáõù. Íáí³Ëï.
ÕÇÏÝ»ñ. ~ phenomenon μÝáõÃÛ³Ý »ñ¨áõÛÃ. a ~ ÝáÕϳÝù, ½½í³Ýù, ·³ñß³Ýù:
mistake ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý ë˳É. (³ñï³Ùáõëݳ- nauseate [΄nɔ:sieit] v ½½í³Ýù/ÝáÕϳÝù
ϳÝ) a ~ child/son ³åûñÇÝÇ »ñ»Ë³/áñ¹Ç. ³é³ç³óÝ»É. ëñï˳éÝáõù/ ÝáÕϳÝù ½·³É.
ÑÙÏñ·. ~ language interface μÝ³Ï³Ý É»½- The very thought of it ~s me ØdzÛÝ ³Û¹ ÙïùÇó
í³Ï³Ý ÷áË·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝ/ÇÝï»ñý»Ûë. ~ ëÇñïë ˳éÝáõÙ ¿:
number μÝ³Ï³Ý ÃÇí£ nauseous [΄nɔ:siəs] a ½½í»ÉÇ, ÝáÕϳÉÇ,
naturalism [΄næt∫rəliz(ə)m] n ݳïáõñ³- ëÇñï ˳éÝÇã:
ÉǽÙ: nautical [΄nɔ:tikl] a Íáí³ÛÇÝ, ݳíáñ¹³Ï³Ý,
naturalist [΄næt∫rəlist] n μݳ·»ï, μݳ- Íáí³·Ý³ó³Ï³Ý:
ËáõÛ½. ݳïáõñ³ÉǽÙÇ Ñ»ï¨áñ¹: naval [΄neivl] a é³½Ù³Íáí³ÛÇÝ, ݳí³ïáñ-
naturalization [‚næt∫rəlai΄zei∫n] n Ñå³ï³- Ù³ÛÇÝ. ݳí³ÛÇÝ. a ~ base é³½Ù³Íáí³ÛÇÝ
ϳ·ñáõÙ. É»½í. ûï³ñ μ³é»ñÇ ÓáõÉáõÙ μ³½³. a ~ battle Íáí³ÛÇÝ Ù³ñï. a ~ power
É»½íÇ Ù»ç. ÏÉÇÙ³Û³í³ñÅ»óáõÙ (μáõÛë»ñÇ, Íáí³ÛÇÝ ïÇñáõÃÛáõÝ:
ϻݹ³ÝÇÝ»ñÇ): navel [΄neivl] n ϽÙË. åáñï:
naturalize [΄næt∫rəlaiz] v ïíÛ³É »ñÏñÇ ù³- navigable [΄nævigəbl] a ݳí³ñÏ»ÉÇ.
Õ³ù³óÇáõÃÛ³Ý Çñ³íáõÝù ï³É/ëï³Ý³É. (ݳíÇ Ù³ëÇÝ) ݳí³ñÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ
Ñå³ï³Ï³·ñí»É. Ýáñ ÏÉÇÙ³ÛÇÝ í³ñ- åÇï³ÝÇ:
Å»óÝ»É: navigate [΄nævigeit] v ݳí³ñÏ»É. (ÇÝùݳ-
naturally [΄næt∫rəli] adv μݳϳÝáñ»Ý. be- ÃÇé) Ãéã»É. ~ a ship/plane ݳíÇ/ÇÝùݳÃÇéÇ
have ~ Çñ»Ý μݳϳÝáñ»Ý å³Ñ»É. He’s ~ ׳ݳå³ñÑ μ³Ý³É. ݳíÁ/ÇÝùݳÃÇéÁ
jealous ܳ Ç μÝ» ˳ݹáï ¿. (μÝ³Ï³Ý ¿, ³Û¹ ·Íáí í³ñ»É. ÑÙÏñ·. áõÕÕáñ¹»É, áõÕ-
ÇѳñÏ») N~ he didn’t answer ´Ý³Ï³Ý ¿, áñ Õ»É:
ݳ ãå³ï³ë˳ݻó£ navigating officer [΄nævigeitiŋ‚ɒfisə] Õ»-
nature [΄neit∫ə] n μÝáõÃÛáõÝ. the laws of ~ ϳå»ï, ßïáõñÙ³Ý. (ݳ¨ navigator)£
μÝáõÃÛ³Ý ûñ»ÝùÝ»ñÁ. a student of ~ μݳ- navigation [‚nævi΄gei∫n] 1. n ݳí³ñÏáõ-
ËáõÛ½. (¿áõÃÛáõÝ, ˳éÝí³Íù) by ~ ¿áõ- ÃÛáõÝ. inland ~ ·»ï³ÛÇÝ Ý³í³·Ý³óáõÃÛáõÝ.
ÃÛ³Ùμ, μÝáõÛÃáí. kind by ~ ¿áõÃÛ³Ùμ μ³ñÇ. It aerial ~ û¹³·Ý³óáõÃÛáõÝ. 2. a ݳí³-
is in the ~ of things ¸³ Çñ»ñÇ μÝáõÛÃÝ ¿. in the ·Ý³ó³ÛÇÝ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ bar áõÕÕáñ¹Çã í³Ñ³-
course of ~ Çñ»ñÇ μÝ³Ï³Ý ÁÝóóùáí. ݳÏ:
against ~ ѳϳμݳϳÝ. good ~ μ³ñ»Ñá·áõ- navvy [΄nævi] n ÑáÕ³÷áñ, ÑáÕ³Ñ³Ý Ù»ù»-
ÃÛáõÝ. shy by ~ ˳éÝí³Íùáí ³Ù³ãÏáï. ݳ:
ill/bad ~ í³ï μݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ. (ï»ë³Ï) navy [΄neivi] 1. n é³½Ù³Íáí³ÛÇÝ Ý³í³-
events of this ~ ³Ûë ï»ë³ÏÇ Çñ³¹³ñÓáõ- ïáñÙ. μÝëï. ݳí³ËáõÙμ, ݳí³ïáñÙÇÕ.
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. smth of that ~ ÝÙ³Ý ÙÇ μ³Ý. see The Royal ~ ´ñÇï³Ý³Ï³Ý ݳí³ïáñÙ. 2. a
lions in a state of ~ ³éÛáõÍÝ»ñÇÝ μÝ³Ï³Ý é³½Ù³Íáí³ÛÇÝ:
íÇ׳ÏáõÙ ï»ëÝ»É. It isn’t in his ~ ¸³ Ýñ³Ý navy-blue [‚neivi΄blu:] a Ùáõ· ϳåáõÛï:
ÝÙ³Ý ã¿. ³ñí. (μÝûñÇݳÏ) draw from ~ nazi [΄na:tsi] n, a ݳóÇëï, ý³ßÇëï. ݳ-
μÝûñÇݳÏÇó/μݳϳÝÇó Ýϳñ»É: óÇëï³Ï³Ý, ý³ßÇëï³Ï³Ý:
naught [nɔ:t] n ½ñá, áãÇÝã. set at ~ ³ñ- NB [‚en΄bi:] (Ïñ×. nota bene-Çó) ‘ɳí ÑÇ߻ɒ:
Å»ù/ϳñ¨áñáõÃÛáõÝ ãï³É. bring to ~ ÷Ëμ. neap [ni:p] n Ù³ÏÁÝóóáõÃÛ³Ý ³Ù»Ý³ó³Íñ
½ñáÛÇ Ñ³í³ë³ñ»óÝ»É: Ï»ïÁ. be ~ed (ݳíÇ Ù³ëÇÝ) ͳÝͳÕáõïáõÙ
naughtiness [΄nɔ:tinəs] n ³ÝÑݳ½³Ý¹áõ- ÙݳÉ:
ÃÛáõÝ, ã³ñ³××ÇáõÃÛáõÝ: near [niə] a Ùáï, ÙáïÇÏ. The post is quite ~
naughty [΄nɔ:ti] n ã³ñ³××Ç, ãÉëáÕ, ³ÝÑݳ- öáëïÁ μ³í³Ï³Ý Ùáï ¿. Holidays are ~ Þáõ-
½³Ý¹. a ~ child ã³ñ³××Ç »ñ»Ë³. You ~ boy! ïáí ³ñÓ³Ïáõñ¹Ý»ñ »Ý. in the very ~ future
²Ý廯ïù ïÕ³. Don’t be ~ ø»½ ϳñ·ÇÝ ³Ù»Ý³Ùáï ³å³·³ÛáõÙ. on the ~ bank/side
å³ÑÇñ. a ~ story áã μáÉáñáíÇÝ í³Û»Éáõã/ ³Ûë ³÷ÇÝ/ÏáÕÙáõÙ. (Ù»ñÓ³íáñ) ~ relation/
near 543 neck

friend Ù»ñÓ³íáñ μ³ñ»Ï³Ù/ÁÝÏ»ñ. ~est and í³Û»Éã³Ï³½ÙáõÃÛáõÝ. (˻ɳóÇ, ׳ñåÇÏ) a


~est ѳñ³½³ïÝ»ñÁ ¨ Ù»ñÓ³íáñÝ»ñÁ. It ~ answer ׳ñåÇÏ/˻ɳóÇ å³ï³ë˳Ý. a ~
was a ~ thing to accident г½Çí íóñÇó Ëáõ- turn of phrase ѳçáÕ ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~
ë³÷»óÇÝù/³½³ïí»óÇÝù. ~ victory ¹Åí³- drink ³Ý(çñ³)˳éÝ ³ÉÏáÑáÉ. drink whisky ~
ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ Ó»éù μ»ñí³Í ѳÕóݳÏ. a ~ íÇëÏÇÝ ËÙ»É ³Ýçñ³Ë³éÝ:
guess ѳٳñÛ³ ·áõß³ÏáõÙ. be ~ with money neat-handed [΄ni:t‚hændid] a ׳ñåÇÏ,
Åɳï ÉÇݻɣ ÷áñÓí³Í, ÑÙáõï:
near [niə] adv ÙáïÇó, Ùáï»ñùÁ, ÏáÕùÇÝ. live nebulous [΄nebjuləs] a Ùßáõß³å³ï, ³Õáï,
~ ÏáÕùÇÝ/Ùáï»ñùáõÙ ³åñ»É. stay somewhere ³Ýáñáß:
~ Ùáï»ñùáõÙ ÙݳÉ. far and ~ ³Ù»Ýáõñ»ù. necessar/y [΄nesəsri] n (³Ù»Ý) ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï
come/draw ~ Ùáï»Ý³É, Ùáï ·³É. ~ at hand μ³Ý. (μáÉáñÁ ÙdzëÇÝ). do the ~ ³Ù»Ý³³Ý-
Ó»éùÇ ï³Ï, Ùáï. The exams are ~ at hand Ññ³Å»ßï μ³ÝÁ ³Ý»É. ~ies ³é³çÇÝ ³Ý-
Þáõïáí ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ »Ý. The hall’s nowhere Ññ³Å»ßïáõÃÛ³Ý ³é³ñϳݻñ. household
~ full ¸³ÑÉÇ×Á Ñ»éáõ ¿ ÉÇùÁ ÉÇÝ»Éáõó£ ~ies ³é³çÇÝ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõÃÛ³Ý Ï»Ýó³-
near [niə] prep Ùáï, ÏáÕùÇÝ. ~ the house/win- Õ³ÛÇÝ Çñ»ñ the ~ies of life ÏÛ³ÝùÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ
dow ï³Ý/å³ïáõѳÝÇ Ùáï, ~ here ³Ûëï»- ³Ù»Ý³³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïÁ:
ÕÇó áã Ñ»éáõ. be ~ despair Ñáõë³Ñ³ïáõÃÛ³Ý necessary [΄nesəsri] a ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï, ѳñϳ-
Ù»ç ÁÝÏÝ»É. The ceremony is ~ its end ²ñ³ñá- íáñ, å»ïù³Ï³Ý. ~ conditions ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï
ÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ùáï»ÝáõÙ ¿ Çñ ³í³ñïÇÝ. He is ~ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ. the ~ formalities ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï
50 ܳ Ùáï³íáñ³å»ë 50 ï³ñ»Ï³Ý ¿. It is Ó¨³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. It is not ~ for you...
~ dinner time Þáõïáí Ï׳߻Ýù (׳ßÇ Å³Ù³- γñÇù ãϳ, áñ ¹áõù... if ~ »Ã» ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï
Ý³Ï ¿): ¿. a ~ evil ³ÝËáõë³÷»ÉÇ ã³ñÇù. do no
near [niə] v Ùáï»Ý³É, Ù»ñӻݳÉ. The bus is more than ~ ³í»ÉÇÝ ã³Ý»É, ù³Ý ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï
~ing the stop ²íïáμáõëÁ Ùáï»ÝáõÙ ¿ ϳÝ- ¿:
·³éÇÝ. He is ~ing 40 Þáõïáí ݳ 40 necessitate [nə΄sesiteit] v ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï
ï³ñ»Ï³Ý Ϲ³éݳ: ¹³ñÓÝ»É. ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõÃÛáõÝ ³é³ç³óÝ»É.
near-by [‚niə΄bai]1. a ѳñ¨³Ý, Ùáï³Ï³, It ~d my immediate return ¸ñ³ å³ï׳éáí
ÙáïÇÏ. a ~ house Ùáï³Ï³ ïáõÝÁ. 2. adv »ë ³ÝÙÇç³å»ë í»ñ³¹³ñÓ³:
Ùáï³Ï³, áã Ñ»éáõ£ necessity [nə΄sesiti] ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõÃÛáõÝ,
(the) Near-East [‚niə΄i:st] Ø»ñÓ³íáñ ϳñÇù. logical ~ ïñ³Ù³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý ³ÝÑñ³-
²ñ¨»Éù: Å»ßïáõÃÛáõÝ. extreme ~ ͳÛñ³Ñ»Õ ³ÝÑñ³-
nearly [΄niəli] adv ·ñ»Ã», ѳٳñÛ³, ùÇã ¿ñ Å»ßïáõÃÛáõÝ. urge the ~ of åݹ»É áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ
ÙÝáõÙ. ~ 5 years/3 o’clock ѳٳñÛ³ ÑÇÝ· ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõÃÛáõÝÁ. be under the ~ of å³ñ-
ï³ñÇ. ųÙÇ Ñ³Ù³ñÛ³ »ñ»ùÁ. ~ naked ·ñ»- ï³íáñ/ëïÇåí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. in case of ~ ³Ý-
û Ù»ñÏ. He ~ drowned ùÇã ¿ñ ÙÝáõ٠˻չ- Ññ³Å»ßïáõÃÛ³Ý ¹»åùáõÙ. A computer is a ~
í»ñ. not ~ μáÉáñáíÇÝ ¿É áã. That’s not ~ гٳϳñ·ÇãÝ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõÃÛáõÝ ¿. out of
enough! ¸³ μáÉáñáíÇÝ ¿É μ³í³Ï³Ý ã¿. ~ Áëï ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõÃÛ³Ý/³ÝÑñ³Å»ß-
(Ùáï, ÙáïÇÏ) be ~ related Ùáï μ³ñ»Ï³ÙÝ»ñ ïáõÃÛáõÝÇó »ÉÝ»Éáí. of ~ ³ÝËáõë³÷»ÉÇá-
ÉÇÝ»É. It concerns me ~ ! ¸³ ³ÝÙÇç³Ï³- ñ»Ý:
Ýáñ»Ý ÇÝÓ ¿ í»ñ³μ»ñáõÙ£ neck [nek] n ϽÙË. íǽ, å³ñ³Ýáó. break
near-sighted [‚niə΄saitid] a ϳñ׳ï»ë: one’s ~ Çñ íǽÁ Ïáïñ»É. break the ~ of ÷Ëμ.
near-sightedness [‚niə΄saitidnəs] n ϳñ- ·áñÍÇ ÙÇ Ù³ëÁ ϳï³ñ»É/Ù»çùÁ Ïáïñ»É.
׳ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ: get it in the ~ ËëÏó. í½³ÏáÃÇÝ Ñ³ñí³Í
near-silk [‚niə΄silk] n ³ñÑ»ëï³Ï³Ý Ù»- ëï³Ý³É. ÷Ëμ. ËÇëï ÝϳïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ
ï³ùë: ëï³Ý³É. put one’s ~ into the noose ÇÝùÝ Çñ
neat [ni:t] a ÏáÏÇÏ, Ù³ùáõñ. His desk is always ·ÉËÇÝ ÷áñÓ³Ýù μ»ñ»É. ~ and ~ Ùñ½.
~ Üñ³ ·ñ³ë»Õ³ÝáõÙ ÙÇßï ϳñ·áõϳÝáÝ Ñ³í³ë³ñ, ÏáÕù ÏáÕùÇ (í³½ùÇ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï).
ϳ. be ~ in one’s dress ÙÇßï ÏáÏÇÏ Ñ³·Ýí»É. win/lose by a ~ Ùñ½. ÙÇ ·ÉáõË ³é³ç ÁÝÏ-
~ handwriting ϳÝáݳíáñ ӻ鳷Çñ. ~ figure Ý»É/»ï ÙݳÉ. risk one’s ~ ·ÉáõËÁ íï³Ý·Ç
neck-band 544 nefarious

ï³Ï ¹Ý»É. save one’s ~ íï³Ý·Çó ³½³ïí»É. ÇÝÓ Ñ³ñϳíáñ ¿. The door ~s painting ¸áõéÁ
~ or nothing ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã ϳ٠áãÇÝã. ³ßËñ·. å»ïù ¿ Ý»ñÏ»É. She ~s money Üñ³Ý ÷áÕ ¿
å³ñ³Ýáó a ~ of land å³ñ³Ýáó, Ññí³Ý- ѳñϳíáñ. He ~ed no second invitation Üñ³Ý
¹³Ý. a ~ of a bottle ßßÇ μ»ñ³Ý. ~ of a violin å»ïù ã¿ñ Ëݹñ»É. Everything that ~ed doing
çáõóÏÇ ÏáÃ/ μéݳï»Õ. ~ of a dress ²ÛÝ ³Ù»ÝÁ, ÇÝã å»ïù ¿ñ ³Ý»É. ~ no reply
ѳ·áõëïÇ Ïïñí³Íù. the ~ of the shirt å³ï³ë˳ÝÇ Ï³ñÇù ãÉÇÝ»É. (ѳñϳíáñ ¿,
ß³åÇÏÇ ûÓÇùÁ. wring one’s ~ Ù»ÏÇ íǽÁ å»ïù ¿) You only ~ to ask Ò»½ ÙdzÛÝ å»ïù
áÉáñ»É. have some ~ ³Ýå³ïϳé ÉÇÝ»É. be a ¿ ѳñóÝ»É. He ~n’t be told γñÇù ãϳ Ýñ³Ý
pain in the ~ ÷Ëμ. í½ÇÝ ïÑ³× μ»é ÉÇÝ»É. be ³Û¹ Ù³ëÇÝ ³ë»É. You ~n’t go there γñÇù
up to ~ ÙÇÝ㨠ÏáÏáñ¹Á ½μ³Õí³Í ÉÇÝ»É: ãϳ, áñ ¹áõù ³ÛÝï»Õ ·Ý³ù. Nobody ~s ever
neck-band [΄nekbænd] n ûÓÇù, (ß³åÇÏÇ) know àã áù ³Û¹ Ù³ëÇÝ ãå»ïù ¿ Çٳݳ It
íǽ: ~ed her to do it ØdzÛÝ Ý³ Ïϳñáճݳñ ³Û¹
neck-cloth [΄nekklɒθ] n ÷áÕϳå, ß³ñý: ³Ý»É. It would ~ a miracle ØdzÛÝ Ññ³ßù ¿
neckerchief [΄nekət∫if] n ß³ñý, å³ñ³ÝáóÇ å»ïù£
óßÏÇݳÏ: needful [΄ni:dfl] a ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï, ѳñϳíáñ.
necklace [΄nekləs] n Ù³ÝÛ³Ï: the ~ ËëÏó. ÷áÕ, ¹ñ³Ù:
necklet [΄neklət] n Ù³ÝÛ³Ï, Ùáñû í½Ýáó, needle [΄ni:dl] n ³ë»Õ. ÑÝù. ³ëÕ³μÛáõñ»Õ.
í½³ÙáñÃÇ: ply one’s ~ ϳñáí ½μ³Õí»É, ϳñ ³Ý»É. as
neckline [΄neklain] n ѳ·áõëïÇ Ïïñí³Íù: sharp as a ~ ÷Ëμ. ëáõñ, Ëáñ³Ã³÷³Ýó. Look
a dress with a low ~ ËáñÁ Ïïñí³Íùáí ѳ- for a ~ in a haystack ËáïÇ ¹»½Ç Ù»ç ³ë»Õ
·áõëï: ÷Ýïñ»É. ³ÝÑáõë³ÉÇ ·áñÍáí ½μ³Õí»É.
neck-tie [΄nektai] n í½Ï³å, ÷áÕϳå: (ëɳù) the ~ of the compass ÏáÕÙݳóáõÛóÇ
neck-wear [΄nekweə] n Ñíù. ûÓÇùÝ»ñ, ÷áÕ- ëɳùÁ. (³ë»Õݳï»ñ¨) pine ~s ëá×áõ
ϳåÝ»ñ, ß³ñý»ñ: ³ë»Õݳï»ñ¨. ~ case ³ëÕ³Ù³Ý, ³ëÕ³-
necrology [ne΄krɒlədзi] n ٳѳËáë³Ï³Ý, ïáõ÷. ~ of the rock É»é³Ý ëáõñ ͳÛñÁ/·³-
¹³Ùμ³Ý³Ï³Ý. ٳѳóáõó³Ï: ·³ÃÁ, the ~ ËëÏó. çÕ³ÛÇÝ Ýáå³. get/have
nectar [΄nektə] n Ý»Ïï³ñ, ͳÕÏÇ ÑÛáõÃ. the ~ çÕ³ÛÇÝ íÇ׳ÏáõÙ ÉÇÝ»É:
÷Ëμ. ëù³Ýã»ÉÇ ËÙÇãù: needl/e [΄ni:dl] v ϳñ»É, ϳñ ³Ý»É. keep
neddy [΄nedi] n ËëÏó. ÇßáõÏ: ~ing ËëÏó. (³ÝÁݹѳï) Ïåã»É, ˳ÛûÉ:
nee [nei] a ÍÝÛ³É, ûñÇáñ¹³Ï³Ý ³½·³ÝáõÝÁ. needle-lace [΄ni:dlleis] n ųÝÛ³Ï, ³ë»Õݳ-
Mrs Thomas ~ Green ï-Ý ÂáÙ³ë, ÍÝÛ³É ·áñÍ:
¶ñÇÝ: needless [΄ni:dləs] a ³Ýû·áõï, ³Ýϳñ¨áñ,
need [ni:d] n ³ÝÑñ³Å»ïáõÃÛáõÝ, ϳñÇù, ³Ýå»ïù. ~ to say ³í»Éáñ¹ ¿ ³ë»É. ¹»
å³Ñ³Ýç. in case of ~ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõÃÛ³Ý ÇѳñÏ»:
¹»åùáõÙ. be in ~ of rest ѳݷëïÇ Ï³ñÇù needlewoman [΄ni:dl‚wumən] n ϳñ ³ÝáÕ
áõݻݳÉ. if ~ be »Ã» ѳñϳíáñ/ϳñÇù ÉÇÝÇ. ÏÇÝ, ųÝ۳ϳ·áñÍ. ӻ鳷áñÍ/³ë»Õݳ-
~ of repair í»ñ³Ýáñá·Ù³Ý ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõ- ·áñÍ ÏÇÝ:
ÃÛáõÝ. ~s å³Ñ³ÝçÙáõÝùÝ»ñ. be in ~ (of) ϳ- needlework [΄ni:dlwə:k] n ³ë»Õݳ·áñÍáõ-
ñÇùÁ ½·³É. What ~ is there? ƱÝã ³ÝÑñ³- ÃÛáõÝ:
Å»ßïáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³. There is a ~ ²ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿£ needs [΄ni:dz] adv ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï³μ³ñ. ~ must
My ~s are few ÆÙ å³Ñ³ÝçÝ»ñÁ Ù»Í ã»Ý. ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï³μ³ñ, å³ñï³¹Çñ Ï»ñåáí.
stand in ~ ϳñÇù áõݻݳÉ. have ~ of ÙÇ μ³ÝÇ We ~ must walk Ø»Ýù ëïÇåí³Í å»ïù
ϳñÇù áõݻݳÉ. in times of ~ ¹Åí³ñÇÝ ñá- ¿ ÉÇÝ»Ýù ù³ÛÉ»É. if ~ must »Ã» ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï
å»ÇÝ. meet the ~s ϳñÇùÝ»ñÁ μ³í³ñ³ñ»É. ¿:
daily ~s ³éûñÛ³ ϳñÇùÝ»ñ. ~s assessment needy [΄ni:di] a ϳñÇù³íáñ, ³Õù³ï£
ϳñÇùÝ»ñÇ ·Ý³Ñ³ïáõÙ: ne‘er-do-well [΄neədu‚wel] n, a ³ÝåÇï³Ý/
need [ni:d] v ϳñÇù áõݻݳÉ/½·³É. ϳñÇùÇ ÷áõã Ù³ñ¹. ³Ýå»ïù. ÷áõã:
Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É. ~ support ë³ï³ñ»Éáõ ϳñÇù nefarious [ni΄feəriəs] a åÇÕÍ, ëïáñ, ³Ý³½-
áõݻݳÉ. It is just what I ~ ¸³ Ñ»Ýó ³ÛÝ ¿, ÇÝã ÝÇí:
negate 545 neither

negate [ni΄geit] v ÅËï»É, μ³ó³ë»É: negotiable [ni΄gəu∫iəbl] a ùÝݳñÏ»ÉÇ, μ³-


negation [ni΄gei∫n] n ÅËïáõÙ, μ³ó³ëáõÙ. ݳÏó»ÉÇ. ·áñͳñùÇ/ μ³Ý³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý »Ý-
Ù³Ã. μ³ó³ë³Ï³Ý Ù»ÍáõÃÛáõÝ: óϳ. ~ points ùÝݳñÏ»ÉÇ Ï»ï»ñ. ~ securi-
negative [΄negətiv] n ÅËïáõÙ. μ³ó³ëáõÙ. ties ÷á˳Ýó»ÉÇ ³ñÅ»ÃÕûñ. a ~ cheque
μ³ó³ë³Ï³Ý å³ï³ë˳Ý. ÉëÝÏ. Ý»·³- ÷á˳ÝóÙ³Ý Çñ³íáõÝùáí ã»Ï:
ïÇí. He answered in the ~ ܳ μ³ó³ë³μ³ñ negotiate [ni΄gəu∫ieit] v μ³Ý³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ
å³ï³ë˳ݻó. return a ~ ³ë»É “áã’. in the ~ í³ñ»É, μ³Ý³Ïó»É. å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ ëï»ÕÍ»É. ~
μ³ó³ë³μ³ñ: terms/a loan å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ/í³ñÏÁ ùÝݳñÏ»É.
negative [΄negətiv] a ÅËï³Ï³Ý, μ³ó³ë³- ËëÏó. (ѳÕóѳñ»É) ~ a bridge ϳÙñçáí
ϳÝ. a ~ quantity μ³ó³ë³Ï³Ý Ù»ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ ³ÝóÝ»É. ~ obstacles ³ñ·»ÉùÝ»ñÁ ѳÕóѳ-
views μ³ó³ë³Ï³Ý ѳ۳óùÝ»ñ. ~ act ñ»É. They are negotiating now ÐÇÙ³ μ³Ý³Ï-
³ñ·»ÉÇã ûñ»Ýù. ³Ý·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ: óáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ »Ý ·ÝáõÙ:
neglect [ni΄glekt] n ³ñѳٳñѳÝù, negotiation [ni‚gəu∫i΄ei∫n] n μ³Ý³Ïóáõ-
μ³ñÓÇÃáÕ íÇ׳Ï. ~ of safety regulations ³Ý- ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. enter into ~s μ³Ý³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ
íï³Ý·áõÃÛ³Ý Ï³ÝáÝÝ»ñÇ ½³Ýó³éáõÙ. ëÏë»É. break down of (the) ~s μ³Ý³Ïóáõ-
parental ~ ÍÝáÕ³Ï³Ý áõß³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý/ ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï³å³ÉáõÙ/Ó³ËáÕáõÙ. The mat-
å³ñï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ μ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ. ter is under ~ ²Û¹ ѳñóÇ Ï³å³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ùμ
The house is in ~ îáõÝÁ μ³ñÓÇÃáÕ ¿ ³ñ- μ³Ý³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ »Ý í³ñíáõÙ. round of ~s
í³Í: μ³Ý³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÷áõÉ:
neglect [ni΄glekt] v ³ñѳٳñÑ»É, μ³ÝÇ ï»Õ negotiator [ni΄gəu∫ieitə] n μ³Ý³ÏóáÕ,
ã¹Ý»É. ~ duties/friends/opportunities å³ñï³- ÙÇçÝáñ¹:
ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ/ÁÝÏ»ñÝ»ñÇÝ/Ñݳñ³íáñáõ- negro [΄ni:grəu] n, a Ý»·ñ, 먳ÙáñÃ.
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ³Ýáõß³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ïÝ»É. ~ Ý»·ñ³Ï³Ý, 먳ÙáñÃ:
one’s appearance ³ñï³ùÇÝÇÝ μáÉáñáíÇÝ neigh [nei] n, v ËñËÝçáó, íñÝçÛáõÝ.
ãѻ層É. ~ the garden ³Û·ÇÝ ³Ýáõß³¹ñáõ- ËñËÝç³É, íñÝç³É:
ÃÛ³Ý Ù³ïÝ»É. Historians have ~ed these facts neighbour [΄neibə] 1.n ѳñ¨³Ý, ¹ñ³óÇ.
ä³ïÙ³μ³ÝÝ»ñÁ ѳßíÇ ã»Ý ³é»É ³Ûë next door ~s ³Ù»Ý³Ùáï ѳñ¨³ÝÝ»ñÁ. ~ at
÷³ëï»ñÁ: dinner ë»Õ³ÝÇ ßáõñçÁ Çñ³ñ ÏáÕùÇ Ýëï³Í.
neglected [ni΄glektid] a ³Ýáõß³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý 2. a ѳñ¨³Ý, ÙáïÇÏ. 3. v ë³Ñٳݳ-
Ù³ïÝí³Í, ³ÝËݳ٠ÃáÕÝí³Í, ³ñѳ- ÏÇó/ÏáÕùÇÝ ÉÇÝ»É:
Ù³ñÑíáÕ. He looked ~ ܳ ó÷Ã÷í³Í neighbourhood [΄neibəhud] n ѳñ¨³Ýáõ-
ï»ëù áõÝ»ñ. feel ~ Çñ»Ý Éùí³Í ½·³É£ ÃÛáõÝ. ѳñ¨³ÝÝ»ñ. good ~ μ³ñǹñ³ódz-
neglectful [ni΄glektfl] a ³ÝÑá·, ³Ýï³ñμ»ñ, Ï³Ý Ñ³ñ³μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ»ñ. (Ùnï³Ï³Ûù,
³Ý÷áõÛÃ. ½³Ýó³éáõ, be ~ of one’s duties ³Ý- ßñç³Ï³Ûù) in the ~ Ùáï³Ï³ÛùáõÙ. in this ~
÷áõÛà ÉÇÝ»É Çñ å³ñï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáõÙ: ³Ûë ßñç³ÝáõÙ. ~ of the crime ßñç³Ý, áñï»Õ
neglige [΄negli:зei] n (ϳݳóÇ) ûè ïݳÛÇÝ Ñ³Ýó³Ýù ¿ ϳï³ñí»É. in the ~ of
ѳ·áõëï: 5000 drams ÷Ëμ. Ùáï³íáñ³å»ë 5000
negligence [΄neglidзəns] n ³Ý÷áõÃáõÃÛáõÝ, ¹ñ³Ù:
³Ýáõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ½³Ýó³éáõÃÛáõÝ. ³ÝÑá- neighbouring [΄neibəriŋ] a ѳñ¨³Ý,
·áõÃÛáõÝ. The fire was due to the ~ Ðñ¹»ÑÇ ÙáïÇÏ, ѳñ³ÏÇó:
å³ï׳éÁ ³Ý÷áõÃáõÃÛáõÝÝ ¿ñ. criminal ~ neighbourly [΄neibəli] adv μ³ñǹñ³-
ѳÝó³íáñ ³Ý÷áõÃáõÃÛáõÝ. ódzϳÝ:
negligent [΄neglidзənt] a ³Ý÷áõÛÃ, ³Ýáõß³- neither [΄naiðə] 1. prn neg, a áã ÙÇ, áã Ù»ÏÁ.
¹Çñ, ó÷Ã÷í³Í. ³ÝÑá·. be ~ in work ³ß- N~ of them knows Üñ³ÝóÇó áã Ù»ÏÁ ã·ÇïÇ.
˳ï³ÝùÇÝ ³Ý÷áõÛà í»ñ³μ»ñí»É. ~ per- (áã Ù»ÏÁ, áã ÙÛáõëÁ) in ~ case áã Ù»Ï, áã ¿É
formance of the duty å³ñï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÙÛáõë ¹»åùáõÙ. ~ question áã ³ÛÝ, áã ¿É ÙÛáõë
³Ý÷áõÛà ϳï³ñáõÙ: ѳñóÁ. 2. cnj áã ¿É. If you don’t go ~ will I ºÃ»
negligible [΄neglidзəbl] a ³ÝÝß³Ý, ãÝãÇÝ. ¹áõù ã·Ý³ù, »ë ¿É ã»Ù ·Ý³. 3. adv neither
³Ý³ñÅ»ù, ³ñѳٳñÑ»ÉÇ: …nor áã … áã. He can neither ski nor skate ܳ
nenuphar 546 network

áã ãÙßÏ»É, áã ¹³ÑáõÏ»É ·ÇïÇ£ ness [nes] n Ññí³Ý¹³Ý:


nenuphar [΄nenjufa:] n μëμ. çñ³ßáõß³Ý. nest [nest] n μáõÛÝ, μáõÝ. bird’s/wasp’s ~
ë³÷áñáõÏ: ÃéãÝÇ/Ïñ»ïÇ μáõÛÝ. build a ~ μáõÝ ßÇÝ»É. ~
neologism [ni΄ɔlə‚dзiz(ə)m] n É»½í. Ýáñ³- of thieves ·áÕ»ñÇ áñç. take a ~ μáõÝÁ ù³Ý-
μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: ¹»É, Óí»ñÁ ï³Ý»É. foul one’s own ~ ³ÕμÁ
neon [΄ni:ɔn] n, a ùÇÙ. Ý»áÝ. Ý»áÝ». ~ ïÝÇó ¹áõñë ѳݻÉ. ·³ÕïÝÇùÁ ïÝÇó ¹áõñë
light/sign Ý»áÝ» ɳÙå/·áí³½¹: ï³É£
nephew [΄nefju:] n »Õμáñáñ¹Ç, ù»éáñ¹Ç: nest [nest] v μáõÝ ¹Ý»É, μݳ¹ñ»É. Ý»ñ¹Ý»É.
nepotism [΄nepə‚tiz(ə)m] n ËݳÙÇáõÃÛáõÝ, ÑÙÏñ·. ~ed loops Ý»ñ¹ñí³Í óÇÏÉ»ñ£
ÁÝï³Ý»í³ñáõÃÛáõÝ: nesting [΄nestiŋ] Ý»ñ¹ñí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ:
nerve [nə:v] n ϽÙË. ÝÛ³ñ¹, çÇÕ. visual ~ nestle [΄nesl] v ѳñÙ³ñ Ó¨áí Ýëï»É, μ³½-
ï»ëáÕ³Ï³Ý ÝÛ³ñ¹. sympathetic ~ ëÇÙå³- Ù»É. ~ down in a chair ѳñÙ³ñ ï»Õ³íáñí»É
ïÇÏ ÝÛ³ñ¹. strain every ~ μáÉáñ áõÅ»ñÁ μ³½Ï³ÃáéáõÙ. ~ against/up to smb ÷³ñí»É/
ɳñ»É. ~s ÝÛ³ñ¹»ñ. a fit of ~s çÕ³ÛÇÝ Ýáå³. ë»ÕÙí»É Ù»ÏÇÝ. The village ~d down
get on one’s ~s ÝÛ³ñ¹»ñÇ íñ³ ³½¹»É, among the hills ¶ÛáõÕÁ Íí³ñ»É ¿ñ μÉáõñÝ»ñÇ
ÝÛ³ñ¹³ÛݳóÝ»É. iron ~s »ñϳû çÕ»ñ. Ù»ç:
¹ÇÙ³óÏáõÝ/³Ùáõñ ϳÙù. suffer from ~s nestling [΄nestliŋ] n Ó³·áõÏ, ×áõïÇÏ:
ÝÛ³ñ¹³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Çó ï³é³å»É. be in net [net] n ó³Ýó, ÓÏÝáñë³Ï³Ý áõéÏ³Ý (ݳ¨
a state of ~s çÕ³ÛݳݳÉ. Nerves are all on edge fishing net). tennis ~ ûÝÇëÇ ó³Ýó. ~ game
ÜÛ³ñ¹»ñÁ ɳñí³Í »Ý ÙÇÝ㨠í»ñç. a bundle Ùñ½. Ë³Õ ó³ÝóÇ Ùáï. ~ judge Ùñ½. Ùñó³-
of ~s ÝÛ³ñ¹»ñÇ ÏÍÇÏ. live on one’s ~s, seem, to í³ñ ó³ÝóÇ Ùáï ~ rusher Ùñ½. ó³ÝóÇ Ùáï
have no ~s ³Ýíñ¹áí/³ÝËéáí Ãí³É. ³ÏïÇí ˳ճóáÕ. spread/cast a ~ ó³Ýó/áõé-
(³ñÇáõÃÛáõÝ, ÇÝùݳïÇñ³å»ïáõÙ) have the Ï³Ý ·ó»É. haul a ~ áõéϳÝÁ ¹áõñë ù³ß»É. be
~ to do smth ÙÇ μ³Ý ³Ý»Éáõ ³ñÇáõÃÛáõÝ caught in a ~ ó³ÝóÇ Ù»ç ÁÝÏÝ»É. inter ~ ÇÝ-
áõݻݳÉ. That took some ~ àñáß ÇÝùݳ- ï»ñÝ»ï. ѳٳó³Ýó:
ïÇñ³å»ïáõÙ ¿ñ å»ïù. lose one’s ~ net [net] v áõéϳÝáí áñë³É, ó³Ýó ¹Ý»É. ó-
ݳñ¹»ñÁ ã¹ÇٳݳÉ. ËëÏó. ѳݹ·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³ñ¹ ɳñ»É:
of all the ~! What a ~ ! the ~ of it ! net [net] a Ù³ùáõñ, ½áõï. ~ weight ½áõï/Ù³-
Æ°Ýã ѳݹ·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ/³Ýå³ïϳéáõÃÛáõÝ. ùáõñ ù³ß. ~ income ½áõï »Ï³Ùáõï. ~ cost/
have got some/a ~ μ³í³Ï³Ý ³Ýå³ïϳé profit Ù³ùáõñ ³ñÅ»ù/»Ï³Ùáõï. ~ salary ³ß-
ÉÇÝ»É: ˳ï³í³ñÓÁ ³é³Ýó ѳñÏ»ñÇ. the ~ result
nerve [nə:v] v áõÅ ï³É, ù³ç³É»ñ»É. ~ one- ÷Ëμ. í»ñçÝ³Ï³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÁ:
self áõÅ»ñÁ ѳí³ù»É. I ~ed myself to tell the nether [΄neðə] a ó³Íñ, ëïáñÇÝ. ëïáñ»ñÏÁñ-
truth ºë ·áï»åݹí»óÇ ¨ ³ë³óÇ ×ßÙ³ñ- Û³, ¹Åá˳ÛÇÝ:
ïáõÃÛáõÝÁ: Netherlander [΄neðələndə] n Ñáɳݹ³óÇ:
nerveless [΄nə:vləs] a ³ÝçÇÕ. ÝÛ³ñ¹³½áõñÏ. nethermost [΄neðə‚məust] a ³Ù»Ý³ó³Íñ,
ÃáõÛÉ, ³Ý½áñ: ³Ù»Ý³ëïáñÇÝ:
nerve racking [΄nə:v‚rækiŋ] a ÝÛ³ñ¹³Û- netting [΄netiŋ] n ó³Ýó, ó³Ýó³ÛÇÝ Ïïáñ.
ݳóÝáÕ, μáñμáùÇã. The suspense is quite ~ wire ~ Ù»ï³Õ³É³ñ» ó³Ýó:
²ÝáñáßáõÃÛáõÝÁ μ³í³Ï³Ý ÝÛ³ñ¹³ÛݳóÝáÕ nettle [΄netl]1. n »ÕÇÝç. small ~ ¹³ÕáÕ »-
¿£ ÕÇÝç. ~ rash μÅßÏ. »ÕÝç³ï»Ý¹. suffer from ~
nervous [΄nə:vəs] a ÝÛ³ñ¹³ÛÇÝ, ÝÛ³ñ¹Ç. a ~ stings »ÕÇÝçÇ ÏͳÍÇó ï³é³å»É. grasp one’s
breakdown çÕ³ÛÇÝ Ë³Ý·³ñáõÙ. be/get ~ ~ ÷Ëμ. ѳÕóѳñ»É ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ.
Ñáõ½í»É, íñ¹áíí»É. feel ~ about smth Ñáõ½í»É 2.v »ÕÇÝçáí ¹³Õ»É. ÷Ëμ. ½³Ûñ³óÝ»É,
ÇÝã-áñ μ³ÝÇ å³ï׳éáí£ ·ñ·é»É:
nervousness [΄nə:vəsnəs] n ÝÛ³ñ¹³ÛÝáõ- network [΄netwə:k] n ó³Ýó, í³Ý¹³Ï³-
ÃÛáõÝ: ó³Ýó. TV ~ Ñ»éáõëï³ï»ë³ÛÇÝ ó³Ýó. a ~
nervy [΄nə:vi] a ËëÏó. çÕ³ÛÇÝ, Ñáõ½í³Í. of roads/spies »ñϳÃáõÕ³ÛÇÝ/Éñï»ë³Ï³Ý
ù³ç, ëñïáï: ó³Ýó. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ drive ó³Ýó³ÛÇÝ ë³ñù³-
neuralgia 547 newsdealer

íáñáõÙ. ~ computer (NC) ó³Ýó³ÛÇÝ ÏáÙåÛáõ- ܳ áõñÇß Ù³ñ¹ ¿ ¹³ñÓ»É. I’m ~ in these parts
ï»ñ. ~ access ó³ÝóÇÝ ¹ÇÙ»Éáõ Ñݳñ³- ºë ³Ûëï»Õ Ýáñ Ù³ñ¹ »Ù. She is still very ~
íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ analysis ë˻ٳݻñÇ ³Ý³Éǽ. ܳ ¹»é ³Ý÷áñÓ ¿. the old and the ~ ÑÇÝÁ ¨
~ layer ó³Ýó³ÛÇÝ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³Ï. ~ structure ÝáñÁ. What’s ~ ? ƱÝã Ýáñ μ³Ý ϳ. That’s not
ó³Ýó³ÛÇÝ Ï³éáõóí³Íù: ~ ¸³ Ýáñ/ÝáñáõÃÛáõÝ ã¿. ÑÙÏñ·. - line char-
neuralgia [nju΄rældзə] n μÅßÏ. ÝÛ³ñ¹³ó³í, acter Ýáñ ïáÕÇ ëÇÙíáÉ:
ݨñ³É·Ç³: new-blown [΄nju:bləun] a Ýáñ³μáÕμáç,
neuroses [nju΄rəusi:z] n μÅßÏ. ݨñá½: Ñ»Ýó Ýáñ μ³óí³Í:
neurotic [nju΄rɒtik] a Ý»ñí³ÛÇÝ, ÝÛ³ñ¹³ÛÇÝ new-born [΄nju:bɔ:n] a Ýáñ³ÍÇÝ, í»ñ³ÍÁÝ-
μÅßÏ. ݨñáïÇÏ: í³Í:
neuter [nju΄tə] n ù»ñ. 㻽áù ë»é. 㻽áù ë»éÇ new-built [΄nju:bilt] a Ýáñ³Ï³éáõÛó, í»ñ³-
·á۳ϳÝ. ³ÙáñÓ³ï³Í ϻݹ³ÝÇ. stand ~ ϳéáõóí³Í:
㻽áù ÙݳÉ: new-comer [΄nju:‚kΛmə] n Ýáñ»Ï, ³Ýͳ-
neutral [΄nju:trəl] n 㻽áù, ³Ýáñáß. ~ zone ÝáÃ:
㻽áù ·áïÇ. remain ~ 㻽áùáõÃÛáõÝ å³Ñ- new-fallen [΄nju:‚fɔ:lən] a Ñ»Ýó Ýáñ
å³Ý»É: »Ï³Í/Çç³Í. ~ snow óñÙ/Ýáñ »Ï³Í ÓÛáõÝ:
neutrality [nju΄træləti] n 㻽áùáõÃÛáõÝ (ݳ¨ new-fangled [‚nju:΄fæŋgld] a Ýáñ³Ó¨.
ùÕù.)£ ³ñÑÙ. Ýáñ³ÃáõË:
neutralize [΄nju:trəlaiz] n 㻽áù³óÝ»É. new-fashioned [‚nju:΄fæ∫ənd] a Ýáñ³Ó¨,
íݳ볽»ñÍ»É. é½Ù. (ѳϳé³Ïáñ¹ÇÝ) Çñ Ùá¹³ÛÇÏ:
Ïñ³Ïáí ˻չ»É: new-found [΄nju:faund] Ýáñ³·Ûáõï, Ýáñ
never [΄nevə] adv »ñμ»ù. You can ~ tell ºñμ»ù ѳÛïݳ·áñÍí³Í:
ã·Çï»ë. ~ in all my life ÏÛ³ÝùáõÙë »ñμ»ù. newish [΄nju:i∫] a μ³í³Ï³Ý Ýáñ:
Will he ~ come? ì»ñç³å»ë ݳ »±ñμ ¿ ·³Éáõ. new-laid [‚nju:΄leid] a Ýáñ ³Í³Í. ~ eggs Ýáñ
~ fear ØÇ° ³Ýѳݷëï³ó»ù. ~ mind àãÇÝã, ³Í³Í, ÉñÇí óñÙ Óí»ñ/ѳíÏÇÃÝ»ñ£
ØÇ° Ùï³Ñá·í»ù. N~ say die ºñμ»ù ÙÇ Ñáõ- newly [΄nju:li] adv ÝáñÇó, ÏñÏÇÝ, ÝáñáíÇ.
ë³Ñ³ïí»ù. N~ say ~ ºñμ»ù ÙÇ ³ë³ ‘»ñ- í»ñç»ñë, Ñ»Ýó Ýáñ. ~ arrived Ýáñ/í»ñç»ñë
μ»ù’. ~ a one ¨ áã Ù»ÏÁ. ~ ending ³Ýí»ñç³- »Ï³Í. ~ painted Ñ»Ýó Ýáñ Ý»ñϳÍ. ~ weds
ݳÉÇ. ~ to be forgotten ³ÝÙáé³Ý³ÉÇ. Well I Ýáñ³åë³ÏÝ»ñ:
~! ºñμ»ù ÝÙ³Ý μ³Ý ã»Ù ï»ë»É/Éë»É. ~! You news [nju:z] n ÝáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ, Éáõñ»ñ. What’s
~ did! Ñ»·Ý. ØDZû: the ~? Is there any ~? ƱÝã Éáõñ/ÝáñáõÃÛáõÝ
nevermore [‚nevə΄mɔ:] adv ³ÛÉ¨ë »ñμ»ù: ϳ. good ~ ɳí/ѳ׻ÉÇ ÝáñáõÃÛáõÝ. front pa-
never-never [‚nevə΄nevə] n ³ÝÇñ³Ï³Ý³ÉÇ ge ~ Éñ³·ñ³ÛÇÝ ë»Ýë³ódz. distressing ~
»ñ³½³Ýù. ËëÏó. ÏïÏ. ³å³éÇÏ. buy smth óÝóáÕ/ íßï³ÉÇ Éáõñ. That’s no ~ ¸³ Ýáñáõ-
on the ~ ³å³éÇÏ ·Ý»É áñ¨¿ μ³Ý: ÃÛáõÝ ã¿. No ~ is good ~ Èáõñ ãÉÇÝ»ÉÁ ÇÝùÝÇÝ
nevertheless [‚nevəðə΄les] adv, cnj ³ÛÝáõ- ɳí Éáõñ ¿. Bad ~ travels quickly, Il ~ flies fast
³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí, ãݳ۳Í. He came ~ ²ÛÝáõ- ì³ï ÉáõñÁ ßáõï ¿ ï³ñ³ÍíáõÙ. I haven`t a
³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí ݳ »Ï³í: piece of ~ àã ÙÇ Éáõñ ãáõÝ»Ù. foreign ~ ³ñï³-
new [nju:] a Ýáñ, Ýáñ³Ñ³Ûï, ³ñ¹Ç³Ï³Ý. in ë³ÑÙ³ÝÛ³Ý Éáõñ»ñ. be in the ~ again ÝáñÇó
a ~ way Ýáñ Ó¨áí. ~ bread óñ٠ѳó. ~ po- Ëáë³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ÝÛáõÃ/³é³ñϳ ¹³éݳÉ.
tatoes óñÙ/Ýáñ ϳñïáýÇÉ. the ~ moon Ýá- brake the ~ ͳÝñ Éáõñ ѳÕáñ¹»É:
ñ³ÉáõëÇÝ. There is nothing ~ under the sun ²ß- news-agent [΄nju:z‚eidзənt] n, Éñ³·ñ³-
˳ñÑáõÙ áã ÙÇ Ýáñ μ³Ý ãϳ. ~ wine »ñÇ- í³×³é£
ï³ë³ñ¹ ·ÇÝÇ. ~ fashions Ýáñ³·áõÛÝ/í»ñ- news-boy [΄nju:zbɔi] n Éñ³·ñ³í³×³é
çÇÝ Ùá¹³/Ýáñ³Ó¨áõÃÛáõÝ. the N~ World Üáñ ïÕ³, Éñ³·ñ³μ»ñ:
³ß˳ñÑ, ²Ù»ñÇϳ. Tomorrow is a ~ day newscast [΄nju:zka:st] n Éáõñ»ñÇ Ñ³Õáñ¹áõÙ
гñóÇ ÉáõÍáõÙÁ ÃáÕÝ»Ýù í³Õí³Ý. úñÁ ·³ é³¹ÇáÛáí:
μ³ñÇÝ Ñ»ïÁ. ì³ÕÝ ¿É ûñ ϳ. begin a ~ life newsdealer [΄nju:z‚di:lə] n Éñ³·ñ³í³-
Ýáñ/³ÛÉ ÏÛ³Ýù ëÏë»É. He’s become a ~ man ׳é:
newseditor 548 nice-looking

newseditor [΄nju:z‚editə] n ÝáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÏáÕùÇ ë»ÝÛ³ÏáõÙ/·ÛáõÕáõÙ ~ of kin ³Ù»Ý³-


μ³ÅÝÇ ËÙμ³·Çñ: Ùáï μ³ñ»Ï³ÙÁ:
newsflash [΄nju:zflæ∫] n é³¹. ßï³å/ ³ñ- next [nekst] adv Ñ»ïá, ³ÛÝáõÑ»ï¨. What ~?
ï³Ï³ñ· ѳÕáñ¹áõÙ: Whatever ~? лïá DZÝã. What will we do ~?
news group [΄nju:z‚gru:p] n ÑÙÏñ·. Ñ»é³- лïá DZÝã »Ýù ³Ý»Éáõ. Until we meet ~
ËáñÑñ¹³ÅáÕáí: ØÇÝ㨠ѳçáñ¹ ѳݹÇåáõÙ. When will you
newsletter [΄nju:z‚letə] n Éñ³ïí³Ï³Ý see him ~? º±ñμ »ë Ýñ³Ý ÝáñÇó ï»ëÝ»Éáõ.
ݳٳϣ the ~ largest city Çñ Ù»ÍáõÃÛ³Ùμ »ñÏñáñ¹ ù³-
news-man [΄nju:zmæn] n Éñ³·ñÇ ÃÕóÏÇó: Õ³ùÁ. the ~ most important fact ѳçáñ¹ ϳ-
news media [΄nju:zmi:diə] n Éñ³ïíáõÃÛ³Ý ñ¨áñ³·áõÛÝ ÷³ëïÁ:
ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ: next [nekst] prep ÏáÕùÇÝ, Ùáï. I was sitting ~
newsmonger [΄nju:z‚mΛŋgə] n Éáõñ»ñ ï³- to him ºë Ýñ³ ÏáÕùÇÝ ¿Ç Ýëï³Í. the shop ~
ñ³ÍáÕ, μ³Ùμ³ë³Ýù ³ÝáÕ: to our house Ù»ñ ï³Ý ÏáÕùÇ Ë³ÝáõÃÁ. wear
newspaper [΄nju:s‚peipə] n, a Éñ³·Çñ. Éñ³- wool ~ to the skin μñ¹»Õ»Ý Ïñ»É Ù»ñÏ Ù³ñÙÝÇ
·ñ³Ï³Ý, Éñ³·ñ³ÛÇÝ£ íñ³. ÷Ëμ.( ѳٳñÛ³) ~ to nothing ѳٳñ-
news-print [΄nju:zprint] n Éñ³·ñÇ ÃáõÕÃ, Û³ áãÇÝã. It cost ~ to nothing ¸³ ѳٳñÛ³
Ù»Ï ¿ç³Ýáó Éñ³Ã»ñÃÇÏ: áãÇÝã ã³ñÅ»ñ:
newsreel [΄nju:zri:l] n ÏÇÝáËñáÝÇϳ. ÏÇÝá- nexus [΄neksəs] n ϳå, ϳå³Ýù, ûÕ³Ï.
ÅáõéݳÉ: É»½í. Ý»ùëáõë. causal ~ å³ï׳é³Ï³Ý
news-sheet [΄nju:z∫i:t] n Éñ³·Çñ, ûñÃ: ϳå:
news-stand [΄nju:zstænd] n Éñ³·ñÇ Ïñå³Ï. nib [nib] n ·ñã³Í³Ûñ. (³é³ñϳÛÇ) ëáõñ
·ñùÇ ï³Õ³í³ñ: ͳÛñ. fountain pen ~ ÇÝùݳÑáëÇ Í³Ûñ:
newsworthy [΄nju:z‚wə:ði] a (Ù³ÙáõÉáõÙ) nibble [΄nibl] n ÏÍáïáõÙ, (÷áùñ) ÏͳÍ
Éáõë³μ³ÝÙ³Ý ³ñųÝÇ, ϳñ¨áñ. ~ event Ïïáñ, take a ~ ÙÇ ÷áùñ Ïïáñ ÏÍ»É. I didn’t
Éáõë³μ³ÝÙ³Ý ³ñųÝÇ Çñ³¹³ñÓáõ- have a ~ all day ºë ³ÙμáÕç ûñÁ áãÇÝã ã»Ù
ÃÛáõÝ: Ï»ñ»É:
newsy [΄nju:zi] n, a Éñ³·ñ³í³×³é ïÕ³. nibble [΄nibl] v ÏñÍáï»É, ûè³ÏÇ ÏÍ»É/˳-
Éáõñ»ñáí ѳñáõëï, μ³Ùμ³ë³Ýùáí ÉÇ. a ~ Í»É. The boy just ~d at his dinner îÕ³Ý Ñ³-
letter ÝáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí ÉÇ Ý³Ù³Ï: Ù³ñÛ³ Ó»éù ãïí»ó Çñ Ï»ñ³ÏáõñÇÝ:
New Testament [΄nju:΄testmənt] n Üáñ niblick [΄niblik] n ·áÉýÇ Ù³Ï³Ý:
Îï³Ï³ñ³Ý: nice [nais] a ѳ׻ÉÇ, ¹áõñ»Ï³Ý, ѳٳÏñ»ÉÇ.
New Year [‚nju:΄jiə] n Üáñ ï³ñÇ. Happy ~ ! ɳí. What a ~ girl ! ƯÝã ѳ׻ÉÇ ³ÕçÇÏ ¿.
ÞÝáñѳíáñ Üáñ ï³ñÇ. see the ~ in ¹ÇÙ³íá- That’s very ~ of you ¸³ ß³ï ·»Õ»óÇÏ ¿ Ó»ñ
ñ»É Üáñ ï³ñÇÝ. ~‘s Üáñ ï³ñí³. ~‘s eve Üáñ ÏáÕÙÇó. You are looking very ~ Þ³ï ɳí
ï³ñí³ Ý³ËûñÛ³Ï: ï»ëù áõÝ»ù. He was very ~ about it all ܳ ³Ûë
New-year‘s [‚nju:΄jiəz] a Üáñ ï³ñí³: å³ñ³·³ÛáõÙ Çñ»Ý ß³ï Ýñμ³Ýϳï å³-
next [nekst] a ѳçáñ¹. the ~ train/stop ѳçáñ¹ Ñ»ó. It’s very ~ here ²Ûëï»Õ ß³ï ѳ׻ÉÇ ¿.
·Ý³óùÁ/ϳݷ³éÁ. the ~ turning to the right That smells ~ ȳí Ñáï ¿ ·³ÉÇë. Have a ~ time
ѳçáñ¹ ßñç³¹³ñÓÁ ¹»åÇ ³ç. The ~ to come ȳí Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ³Ýóϳóñ»ù. What a ~ day!
was Ann гçáñ¹Á »Ï³í ²ÝݳÝ. I’m ~ after Æ°Ýã ѳ׻ÉÇ ûñ ¿. ~ weather ѳ׻ÉÇ »Õ³Ý³Ï.
this boy ºë ³Ûë ïÕ³ÛÇó Ñ»ïá »Ù. in the ~ life a ~ cold drink ½áí³óáõóÇã ËÙÇãù. (Ù³Ý-
³ÛÝ ³ß˳ñÑáõÙ, ѳçáñ¹ ÏÛ³ÝùáõÙ. the ~ ñ³ÏñÏÇï, Ýáõñμ) have a ~ judgement Ýáõñμ
time ѳçáñ¹ ³Ý·³Ù. on Monday ~ ѳçáñ¹ ¹³ï»É áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ Ù³ëÇÝ. have a ~ eye
»ñÏáõß³μÃÇ. the ~ day but one ûñÁ Ù»ç. by áõß³¹Çñ ¹ÇïáÕ ÉÇÝ»É. He isn’t too ~ ܳ ß³ï
this time ~ year ѳçáñ¹ ï³ñÇ ³Ûë ųٳ- μͳËݹÇñ ã¿. (Ñ»·Ý³Ýù) A ~ friend you
ݳÏ. (ѳñ¨³Ý, ÙáïÇÏ) ~ door ÏáÕùÇÝ, are! Êáëù ãϳª ɳí ÁÝÏ»ñ »ë. A ~ mess
ѳñ¨³Ý ïáõÝÁ. the house ~ door ѳñ¨³Ý you’ve got into ȳí å³ïÙáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç »ë
ïáõÝÁ the ~ door neighbours ³Ù»Ý³Ùáï ѳ- ÁÝÏ»É:
ñ¨³ÝÝ»ñÁ. in the ~ room/village ѳñ¨³Ý/ nice-looking [‚nais΄lukiŋ] a h³×»ÉÇ, ëÇñáõ-
nicely 549 night-walker

ݳï»ë, ¹áõñ»Ï³Ý. Ññ³åáõñÇã: ·Çß»ñÇó ß³ï ³Ýó. last ~ »ñ»Ï »ñ»ÏáÛ³Ý. at


nicely [΄naisli] adv ɳí, ëÇñ³ÉÇñ Ï»ñåáí, dead of ~ áõß/ËáñÁ ·Çß»ñÇÝ. starlight ~ ³ëï-
ѳ׻ÉÇáñ»Ý. get on ~ μ³ñ·³í³×»É. that will Õ³ÉÇó ·Çß»ñ. good ~ μ³ñÇ ·Çß»ñ. have
do very ~ ¸³ ß³ï ѳñÙ³ñ ÏÉÇÝÇ. ËëÏó. bad/good ~ ·Çß»ñÁ í³ï/ɳí ùÝ»É. the ~ be-
лÝó, ×Çßï ÇëÏÁ: fore last ݳ˳ÝóÛ³É »ñ»Ïá. The ~ is young
nicet/y [΄naisəti] n ×ß·ñïáõÃÛáõÝ, ëïáõ·áõ- ¸»é ßáõï ¿/áõß ã¿. spend the ~ ·Çß»ñÝ ³Ýó
ÃÛáõÝ. ù³Õóñ»Õ»Ý, ѳÙáí μ³Ý. to a ~ ϳóÝ»É, ·Çß»ñ»É. make a ~ ³ÙμáÕç ·Çß»ñ
×ß·ñïáñ»Ý, ×ß·ñÇï Ï»ñåáí. (ÝñμáõÃÛáõÝ, ù»ý ³Ý»É, áõñ³Ë³Ý³É. first ~ óïñ. ³é³-
Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝáõÃÛáõÝ) the ~ of the question çÇÝ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõÙ. a ~ out »ñ»ÏáõÛÃ
ѳñóÇ μáÉáñ Ýáõñμ ÏáÕÙ»ñÁ. an exchange of (¹ñëáõÙ), ѳݷëïÇ »ñ»Ïá. a ~ duty/club
~ies ѳ×áÛ³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÷á˳ݳÏáõÙ: ·Çß»ñ³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ñóå³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ/³ÏáõÙμ. go
niche [ni:∫] n áñÙݳËáñß. ÷Ëμ. ³å³ëï³- forth into the ~ ³ÝÑ»ï³Ý³É/ãù³Ý³É
ñ³Ý. find a ~ ͳÍÏ ·ïÝ»É. He found the right ÙÃáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç:
~ for himself ÷Ëμ. ܳ ÏÛ³ÝùáõÙ Çñ ï»ÕÁ night-bird [΄naitbə:d] n ·Çß»ñ³ÛÇÝ ÃéãáõÝ.
·ï³í: ÷Ëμ. ·Çß»ñÝ»ñÁ ó÷³éáÕ. ·Çß»ñ³ßñçÇÏ:
Nick I [nik] n ûld ~ ë³ï³Ý³, ¹¨£ night-blindness [΄nait‚blaindnəs] n ѳí-
nick II [nik] n Ýß³Ý, ï³ñμ»ñ³ÝÇß. ×Çßï ÏáõñáõÃÛáõÝ:
ųٳݳÏ, ÏñÇïÇÏ³Ï³Ý ÙáÙ»Ýï. in the night-cap [΄naitkæp] n ·Çß»ñ³ÛÇÝ Ã³ë³Ï.
very ~ of time Ñ»Ýó ×Çßï ųٳݳÏÇÝ. ÷Ëμ. ÙÇ μ³Å³Ï ³ÉÏáÑáÉ ùÝ»Éáõó ³é³ç:
ËëÏó. μ³Ýï be in the ~ μ³ÝïáõÙ Ýëï³Í night-dress [΄naitdres] n ·Çß»ñ³½·»ëï£
ÉÇÝ»É: nightfall [΄naitfɔ:l] n ·Çß»ñ³Ùáõï, ÙÃÝß³Õ:
nick [nik] v Ýß³Ý ³Ý»É. Ù³ßÏÁ Ïïñ»É. He nightgown [΄naitgaun] n ·Çß»ñ³Ýáó (ϳ-
~ed his chin with the razor ¸áõÝãÁ ³Í»ÉÇáí ݳóÇ, Ù³ÝϳϳÝ)£
Ïïñ»ó. ËëÏó. (·áճݳÉ) The watch has been night-hag [΄naithæg] n ÙÕÓ³í³Ýç:
~ed ijٳóáõÛóÁ ·áÕ³ó»É »Ý. ËëÏó. (Ó»ñ- nightingale [΄naitiŋgeil] n, a ëá˳Ï, ëá˳-
μ³Ï³É»É) get ~ed Ó»ñμ³Ï³Éí»É: ÏÇ:
nickel [΄nikl] n ùÇÙ. ÝÇÏ»É. ³Ù. ÑÇÝ· ó»Ýï³- night-light [΄naitlait] n ·Çß»ñ³×ñ³·, ·Çß»-
Ýáó Ù»ï³Õ³¹ñ³Ù: ñ³É³Ùå:
nicker [΄nikə] v ËñËÝç³É, íñÝç³É. ÷Ëμ. night-long [‚nait΄lɒŋ] a, adv ³ÙμáÕç ·Çß»ñ
ùñùç³É, ÑñÑé³É: ï¨áÕ. ³ÙμáÕç ·Çß»ñí³ ÁÝóóùáõÙ:
nick-nack [΄niknæk] n Ù³Ýñ ½³ñ¹, ½³ñ¹³- nightly [΄naitli] 1. a ·Çß»ñ³ÛÇÝ. 2. adv ³Ù»Ý
ñ³Ýù: ·Çß»ñí³. ·Çß»ñÁ. ³Ù»Ý ·Çß»ñ:
nick-name [΄nikneim] n, v ٳϳÝáõÝ, ÷³- nightmare [΄naitmeə] n ÙÕÓ³í³Ýç:
Õ³ù߳ϳÝ/Ïñ×³ï ³ÝáõÝ. ٳϳÝáõÝ ï³É. night-rider [‚nait΄raidə] n ³Ù. ·Çß»ñ³ÛÇÝ
They ~d him ‘Fatty’ Üñ³Ý ’ã³ÕÉÇÏ’ ³Ýí³Ý»- ³í³½³Ï:
óÇÝ: night-school [΄naitsku:l] n »ñ»ÏáÛ³Ý
nidnod [΄nidnɒd] v ·ÉËáí ³Ý»É (μ³ñ¨ ϳ٠¹³ëÁÝóó, ·Çß»ñ³ÛÇÝ ¹åñáó:
ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ýß³Ý)£ nightshift [΄nait∫ift] n ·Çß»ñ³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ñ-
niece [ni:s] n ùñáç/ »Õμáñ ³ÕçÇÏ: ó÷áË. I’m on ~ ºë ·Çß»ñ³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ñó÷á-
niggard [΄nigəd] n, a ·ÍáõÍ/Åɳï Ù³ñ¹. ËÇ »Ù£
·ÍáõÍ, Åɳï: night-shirt [΄nait∫ə:t] n (ïÕ³Ù³ñ¹áõ) ·Çß»-
niggardly [΄nigədli] a, adv Åɳï, ·ÍáõÍ. ³Õ- ñ³Ýáó:
ù³ïÇÏ, ËÕ×áõÏ. a ~ sum ËÕ×áõÏ ·áõÙ³ñ. a night-soil [΄naitsɔil] n ³Õμ, ³ÕïáïáõÃÛáõÝ,
~ grant ·ÍáõÍ å³ñ·¨: ÏÕÏÕ³Ýù:
nigh [nai] 1. a μÝëï. Ùáï, ÙáïÇÏ.2. adv ÏáÕ- night-suit [΄naitsu:t] n ·Çß»ñ³½·»ëï,
ùÇÝ, Ùáï³íáñ³å»ë: ÝÝç³½·»ëï:
night [nait] n ·Çß»ñ, »ñ»Ïá. at/by/in the ~ ·Ç- night-time [΄naittaim] n ·Çß»ñ. at/in ~ ·Çß»ñ
ß»ñÁ. during the ~ ·Çß»ñí³ ÁÝóóùáõÙ. all ųٳݳÏ, ·Çß»ñÁ:
~ long ³ÙμáÕç ·Çß»ñÁ. far into the ~ Ï»ë- night-walker [΄nait‚wɔ:kə] n ·Çß»ñ³ßñçÇÏ,
night-watch 550 nob

ó÷³é³ßñçÇÏ. ÉáõëÝáï: bit of ~ ȏ ë³éݳٳÝÇù ¿. a ~ of wine ÙÇ


night-watch [΄naitwɒt∫] n ·Çß»ñ³å³Ñ, ÏáõÙ ·ÇÝÇ. freshen the ~ ÷Ëμ. ½³ñÃËáõÙÇó
·Çß»ñ³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ñóå³Ñ: ¹áõñë ·³É:
night-wear [΄naitweə] n ·Çß»ñ³Ýáó£ nipper [΄nipə] n μéݳã³Ýã (Ë»ó·»ïÝÇ).
nil [nil] n ½ñá, áãÇÝã. (ÑïÏå.ª ˳ÕÇ Ñ³ßÇí). ³ùó³Ý, áõÝ»ÉÇ. ÷áùñÇÏ ïÕ³, Ù³ÝãáõÏ. ~s
They won 3:0 Üñ³Ýù ѳÕûóÇÝ 3£0 ѳßíáí: »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñ£
nimble [΄nimbl] a ³ñ³·³ß³ñÅ, ÅÇñ, ׳ñ- nipping [΄nipiŋ] a óáõñï, ë³éÁ. ÏÍáÕ, ËÇëï
åÇÏ. ~ fingers ³ñ³·³ß³ñÅ Ù³ïÝ»ñ. a ~ (ù³ÙÇ). ÏÍáõ, ˳ÛÃáÕ:
mind ×ÏáõÝ ÙÇïù, ˻ɳÙÇï: nipple [΄nipl] n ÏñÍù³åïáõÏ. ÍͳÏ. ÃÙμÇÏ.
nimbus [΄nimbəs] n ³ÝÓñ¨³μ»ñ ³Ùå. Éáõ- ËáõÉ. μßïÇÏ:
ë³åë³Ï: nippy [΄nipi] a óñïáï. ÏÍáõ (ѳÙ). It’s a bit ~
nine [nain]1. num ÇÝÝ, ÇÝÁ. 2. n ÇÝÝÛ³Ï, ÇÝÁ this morning ²Ûë ³é³íáï ÙÇ Ã»Ã¨ ë³éݳ-
ѳٳñÁ. A nine days wonder ÷Ëμ. ϳñ׳- Ù³ÝÇù ¿:
ï¨ ë»Ýë³ódz. dressed up to the ~s ³ñ- nitrate [΄naitreit] n ùÇÙ. ³½áï³ÃÃíÇ ³Õ,
ï³Ï³ñ· ßù»Õ ѳ·Ýí³Í, ½áõ·í³Í£ ÝÇïñ³ï:
ninefold [΄nainfəuld] a, adv ÇÝݳå³ïÇÏ. nitre [΄naitə] n ùÇÙ. μáñ³Ï, ë»ÉÇïñ³:
ÇÝÝ ³Ý·³Ù: nitric [΄naitrik] a ùÇÙ. ³½áï³ÛÇÝ, ³½áï³-
ninepins [΄nainpinz] n Ï»·É³Ë³Õ. play at ~ ϳݣ
Ï»·É³Ë³Õ ˳ճÉ: nitrogen [΄naitrədзən] n ùÇÙ. ³½áï, μáñ³-
nineteen [‚nain΄ti:n] num ï³ëÝÇÝÁ. a girl of ϳÍÇÝ:
~ ï³ëÝÇÝÁ ï³ñ»Ï³Ý ³ÕçÇÏ. talk 19 to the nitwit [΄nitwit] n ÑÇÙ³ñ, ïϳñ³ÙÇï:
dozen ß³ï³Ëáë»É, ¹áõñë ï³É: nix [niks] n, adv ½ñá, áãÇÝã. áã:
nineteenth [‚nain΄ti:nθ] num ï³ëÝÇÝÝ»- nixie [΄niksi] n çñ³Ñ³ñë:
ñáñ¹. He is in his 19th ܳ ï³ëÝÇÝÝÇ Ù»ç ¿. no [nəu] 1.n μ³ó³éáõÙ, Ñ»ñùáõÙ, ÅËïáõÙ. áã.
the 19th ³ÙëÇ 19£ Two ~ es make a yes ºñÏáõ áãÁ ÙÇ ³Ûá ¿. ~s
ninetieth [΄naintiəθ] num ÇÝÝëáõÝ»ñáñ¹. She ùí»Ý»ñ. The ayes ad the nûes ûñ ¨ ¹»Ù
is in her 90th year Þáõïáí ݳ 90 ï³ñ»Ï³Ý
ùí»Ý»ñ. the ~ have it ٻͳٳëÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¹»Ù
ÏÉÇÝÇ:
¿. He couldn’t say no ܳ ã¿ñ ϳñáÕ Ù»ñÅ»É.
ninety [΄nainti] num ÇÝÝëáõÝ. on page 90 2. a áã ÙÇ. make ~ reply å³ï³ëË³Ý ãï³É.
ÇÝÝëáõÝ»ñáñ¹ ¿çÇ íñ³. a 90-year old man 90
It’s of ~ importance ¸³ ϳñ¨áñ ã¿. There is ~
ï³ñ»Ï³Ý Ù³ñ¹. in the nineties ÇÝÝëáõ-
alternative ²ÛÉ »Éù ãϳ. ~ wonder ¼³ñٳݳÉÇ
ݳϳÝÝ»ñÇÝ:
ã¿. It’s ~ go àãÇÝã ¹áõñë ãÇ ·³. It’s ~ easy task
ninny [΄nini] n å³ñ½³ÙÇï/ϳñ׳ÙÇï ¸³ Ñ»ßï μ³Ý ã¿. It’s ~ joke γï³Ï ã¿, Éáõñç
Ù³ñ¹:
μ³Ý ¿. He is ~ dancer ܳ ³Ù»Ý¨ÇÝ ¿É å³ñáÕ
ninth [΄nainθ] 1. num ÇÝÝ»ñáñ¹. 2. n the ~
ã¿. in ~ time ß³ï ³ñ³·, ÙÇ í³ÛñÏÛ³ÝáõÙ. ~
(³ÙëÇ) ÇÝÁ. on the ~ of May Ù³ÛÇëÇ ÇÝÝÇÝ:
talking ãËáë»É. There is ~ denying ²ÝÅËï»ÉÇ
nip [nip] v ÏëÙûÉ, ÏßÙûÉ. ÏÍ»É. ËëÏó.
¿. There is ~ knowing àã áù ãÇ Ï³ñáÕ ³ë»É. 3.
ÃéóÝ»É. The crab ~ped my finger Ê»ó·»ïÇÝÁ
adv whether he comes or ~ ³ÝÏ³Ë Ýñ³ÝÇó
Ù³ïë ÏÍ»ó. I ~ped my fingers in the door
سïÝ»ñë ¹é³Ý ï³Ï ÙݳóÇÝ. The frost has ݳ ·³ÉÇë ¿ û áã. I have ~ more to say ²Ûɨë
~ped the roses ì³ñ¹»ñÁ óñï³Ñ³ñí»É »Ý. ~ ³ë»Éáõ μ³Ý ãáõÝ»Ù. The weather is ~ better
smth in the bud ë³ÕÙÇ Ù»ç ˻չ»É. ~ away today ºÕ³Ý³ÏÝ ³Ûëoñ ³í»ÉÇ É³í ã¿. He is ~
ÍÉÏ»É. ~ in ÙÇç³Ùï»É, ˳éÝí»É. ~ off ÏÍ»- more ܳ ³Ûɨë ãϳ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ instrucion ¹³-
Éáí åáÏ»É. (ßï³å»É) ~ along/down to the ï³ñÏ Ññ³Ñ³Ý·. ~ operation ¹³ï³ñÏ ·áñ-
shop ³ñ³· ˳Ýáõà ·Ý³É. ~ upstairs ³ñ³· ÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ wrap ³é³Ýó ïáÕ³¹³ñÓÇ.
í»ñ í³½»É. ~ in and out of the traffic Ëáõë³- non - printing character ãïåíáÕ ·ñ³Ýß³Ý.
ݳí»É Ù»ù»Ý³Ý»ñÇ ÑáëùÇ Ù»ç: non-proportional font ³Ýѳٳã³÷ ï³é³-
nip [nip] n ÏßÙÃáó, ÏëÙÃáó. ÏÍáó, ˳ÛÃáó, ï»ë³Ï:
óáõñï. give smb a ~ Ù»ÏÇÝ ÏëÙûÉ. There is a nob [nɒb] n ËëÏó. »ñ¨»ÉÇ Ù³ñ¹, çáç:
nobble 551 nominate

nobble [΄nɒbl] v ˳μ»É, ·áճݳÉ, ϳ߳- noddy [΄nɒdi] n ϻݹ. Íáí³·é³í, çñ³-
é»É: ·é³í. ËëÏó. ³åáõß, ¹¹áõÙ:
nobby [΄nɒbi] a ËëÏó. ßù»Õ, å»ñ׳ßáõù, node [nəud] n ѳݷáõÛó. μÅßÏ. áõéáõóù, å³-
³é³çݳϳñ·: ɳñ. ÑÙÏñ·. node ó³ÝóÇ Ñ³Ý·áõÛó. ~ list
Nobel prize [nəu΄bel praiz] n Üáμ»ÉÛ³Ý Ñ³Ý·áõÛóÝ»ñÇ óáõó³Ï. ~ number ѳݷáõÛóÇ
Ùñó³Ý³Ï: ѳٳñ. ~ position ѳݷáõÛóÇ ¹Çñù. ~ split-
nobility [nəu΄biləti] n ³½ÝíáõÃÛáõÝ, í»Ñ³ÝÓ- ting ѳݷáõÛóÝ»ñÇ ïñáÑáõÙ:
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ٻͳÑá·áõÃÛáõÝ. the ~ ³½Ýí³Ï³- nodus [΄nəudəs] n ϳå, ѳݷáõÛó. ÷Ëμ.
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. marry into the ~ ³½Ýí³Ï³ÝÇ Ñ»ï μ³ñ¹ Çñ³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
³ÙáõëݳݳÉ: nog I [nɔg] n ë»å, ÷³Ûï» Ù»Ë£
noble [΄nəubl]1. a ³½ÝÇí, í»Ñ³ÝÓÝ, ٻͳ- nog II [nɒg] n ·á·ÉÇ-Ùá·ÉÇ. Ãáõݹ ·³ñ»çáõñ:
Ñá·Ç. of ~ birth ³½Ýí³ïáÑÙ, ³½Ýí³Ï³Ý noggin [΄nɒgin] n ÷áùñÇÏ ·³í³Ã. Ñ»ÕáõÏ-
ͳ·áõÙ áõÝ»óáÕ. How ~ of him ƯÝã í»- Ý»ñÇ ã³÷, (0, 12-0, 14 ÉÇïñ)£
ѳÝÓÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ gases ùÇÙ. ÇÝ»ñï ·³½»ñ. no-go [‚nəu΄gəu] n ³Ý»É³Ý»ÉÇ ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ,
~ metals ³½ÝÇí Ù»ï³ÕÝ»ñ. 2. n ³½Ýí³- ÷³ÏáõÕÇ:
ϳÝ, μ³ñÓñ ïÇïÕáë áõÝ»óáÕ ³ÝÓݳíá- no-how [΄nəuhau] adv áã ÙÇ Ï»ñå:
ñáõÃÛáõÝ: noise [nɔiz] n ³ÕÙáõÏ ³Õ³Õ³Ï. make a ~
nobleman [΄nəublmən] n ³½Ýí³Ï³Ý. å»ñ ³ÕÙÏ»É, ³ÕÙáõÏ μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É. make a great
(μ³ñÓñ ïÇïÕáë ²Ý·ÉdzÛáõÙ): ~ Ù»Í ³ÕÙáõÏ μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É. make a ~ in the
noble-minded [‚nəubl΄maindid] a ٻͳ- world ³ÕÙáõÏ Ñ³Ý»É, ÁݹѳÝáõñ áõß³¹ñáõ-
Ñá·Ç, ³½Ýí³Ñá·Ç, í»Ñ³ÝÓÝ: ÃÛáõÝ ·ñ³í»É. What’s (all) that ~? ¸³ DZÝã
noble-woman [΄nəubl‚wumən] n ³½Ýí³- ³ÕÙáõÏ ¿. a big ~ ϳñ¨áñ ³ÝÓݳíáñáõ-
ϳÝáõÑÇ, ³½Ýí³Ï³Ý ÏÇÝ: ÃÛáõÝ. çáç. (Ó³ÛÝ, ÑÝãÛáõÝ) atmospheric ~
nobly [΄nəubli] adv ³½Ýíáñ»Ý, Ññ³ß³ÉÇ, Ñá- ÙÃÝáÉáñï³ÛÇÝ ³ÕÙáõÏ/Ó³ÛÝ»ñ:
۳ϳåáñ»Ý: noise [nɔiz] v ï³ñ³Í»É, Ññ³å³ñ³Ï»É. ~
nobody [΄nəubədi]1. prn áã áù. N~ knows smth abroad Ññ³å³ñ³Ï»É. It was ~d abroad
anything about it àã áù ³Û¹ Ù³ëÇÝ áãÇÝã ²ñï³ë³ÑÙ³ÝáõÙ Éáõñ ï³ñ³Íí»ó:
ã·ÇïÇ. Tell ~ ! áã áùÇ áã ÙÇ Ëáëù. I saw ~ noiseless [΄nɔizləs] a ³Ý³ÕÙáõÏ, ³ÝÓ³ÛÝ:
else ºë ³Ûɨë áã áùÇ ãï»ë³. It’s ~‘s business noiseproof [΄nɔizpru:f] a ³ÝÓ³Ûݳó÷³Ý-
¸³ áã Ù»ÏÇ ·áñÍÁ ã¿. There is ~ who might ó»ÉÇ, ³ÕÙáõÏ/Ó³ÛÝ ã³ÝóϳóÝáÕ:
help me àã áù ÇÝÓ ãÇ Ï³ñáÕ û·Ý»É. 2. n noisome [΄nɔisəm] a ³Ý¹áõñ, ·³ñß»ÉÇ, ·³ñ-
áãÝãáõÃÛáõÝ. He is just a ~ ܳ å³ñ½³å»ë ß³Ñáï:
áãÝãáõÃÛáõÝ ¿: noisy [΄nɔizi] a ³ÕÙÏáï, ³ÕÙϳÉÇ, ³ÕÙϳ-
nocturnal [nɒk΄tə:nl] a ·Çß»ñ³ÛÇÝ: ñ³ñ. ~ children ³ÕÙÏáï »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñ. It’s very
nocturne [΄nɒktə:n] n »ñÅß. ÝáÏïÛáõñÝ. ~ here ²Ûëï»Õ ß³ï ³ÕÙÏáï ¿. ~ colours
ÝÏñã. ·Çß»ñ³Ýϳñ, ·Çß»ñ³ÛÇÝ ï»ë³- í³é/³Õ³Õ³ÏáÕ ·áõÛÝ»ñ:
ñ³Ý: nomad [΄nəumæd] n, a ùnãíáñ. ó÷³é³-
nod [nɒd] n ·ÉËÇ ß³ñÅáõÙ, ·ÉËáí ³Ý»ÉÁ. ßñçÇÏ. ùáãíáñ³Ï³Ý. ~ tribes ùáãíáñ ó»Õ»ñ:
ÝÇñÑ, ÏÇë³ùáõÝ íÇ׳Ï. give a ~ ·ÉËáí μ³- nomadic [nəu΄mædik] a ùáãíáñ, ó÷³é³-
ñ¨»É. a ~ of approval ѳí³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ýß³Ý Ï³Ý:
(·ÉËáí): nomenclature [nəu΄meŋklət∫ə] n ³Ýí³Ý³-
nod [nɒd] v ·ÉËáí/Ýß³Ý ³Ý»É. ~ one’s head ϳñ·áõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ýí³Ý³óáõó³Ï:
·ÉËáí μ³ñ¨»É. a ~ding aquaintance ûè³ÏÇ nominal [΄nɒminl] a ³Ýí³Ý³Ï³Ý. å³ÛÙ³-
ͳÝáÃ. He ~ded as he passed ²ÝóÝ»ÉÇë Ý³Ï³Ý (¹³ï³í×Çé). ~ cost ãÝãÇÝ/ËáñÑÁñ-
·ÉËáí μ³ñ¨»ó. (ÝÝç»É, ÝÇñÑ»É) sit ~ding ¹³Ýß³Ï³Ý ³ñÅ»ù. ~ value ³Ýí³Ý³Ï³Ý
in the armchair μ³½Ï³ÃáéáõÙ Ýëï³Í ³ñÅ»ù:
ÝÝç»É: nominally [΄nɒminəli] adv ³Ýí³Ý³Ï³-
nodal [΄nəudl] a ѳݷáõó³ÛÇÝ£ Ýáñ»Ý, ³Ýí³Ý³å»ë:
noddle [΄nɒdl] n ËëÏó. ·ÉáõË: nominate [΄nɒmineit] v ûÏݳÍáõ ³é³-
nomination 552 non-lending

ç³ñÏ»É. ~ a candidate/chairman å³ßïáÝÇ noncontent [‚nɒnkən΄tent] a ¹Å·áÑ, ¹»Ù


ûÏݳÍáõ/ݳ˳·³Ñ ³é³ç³ñÏ»É: ùí»³ñÏáÕ:
nomination [‚nɒmi΄nei∫n] n ³Ýí³Ý³Ï³ñ·. non-cooperation [‚nɒnkəuɒpə΄rei∫n] n ³Ý-
ûÏݳÍáõ ³é³ç³¹ñ»ÉÁ. (å³ßïáÝáõÙ) ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõÃÛáõÝ:
Ý߳ݳϻÉÁ. ~s to be in by the... ûÏݳ- nondescript [΄nɒndiskript] a ³Ýáñáß,
ÍáõÝ»ñÇ ³é³ç³¹ñáõÙÁ ÙÇÝã¨..£ ï³ñûñÇݳÏ. a ~ colour ³Ýáñáß ·áõÛÝ. He is
nominative [΄nɒmənətiv] 1. n ù»ñ. áõÕÕ³- a bit of ~ ÇÝã-áñ ³ÝÝß³Ý ï»ëù áõÝÇ:
ϳÝ. ~ case áõÕÕ³Ï³Ý ÑáÉáí. 2. a (å³ß- none [nΛn] prn áã áù, áã Ù»ÏÁ. ~ of them
ïáÝÇ) Ý߳ݳÏí³Í: Ýñ³ÝóÇó áã Ù»ÏÁ. Can ~ of you help me?
nominee [‚nɒmi΄ni:] n ûÏݳÍáõ (å³ß- رÇû Ó»½ÝÇó áã áù ãÇ Ï³ñáÕ ÇÝÓ û·Ý»É. ~
ïáÝÇ, ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ): but he ÙdzÛÝ Ý³. μ³óÇ Ýñ³ÝÇó áã áù. N~ but
nonage [΄nəunidз] n ˳ÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ïѳëáõ- he knows ØdzÛÝ Ý³ ·ÇïÇ. ~ other than áã ³ÛÉ
ÃÛáõÝ. Çñ³í. ³Ýã³÷³Ñ³ëáõÃÛáõÝ: áù, ù³Ý. ~ of these magazines ³Ûë ³Ùë³·ñ»-
non-aggression [‚nɒnə΄gre∫n] n ãѳñÓ³- ñÇó áã Ù»ÏÁ. (áãÇÝã) next to ~ ѳٳñÛ³
ÏáõÙ. ~ pact ãѳñÓ³ÏÙ³Ý/ãѳñÓ³Ïí»Éáõ áãÇÝã. It’s ~ of your business ¸³ Ó»ñ ·áñÍÁ
å³Ïï: ã¿. N~ of this is relevant ¸ñ³ÝóÇó áã Ù»ÏÁ
nonaggressive [‚nɒnə΄gresiv] a áã ѳñÓ³- ·áñÍÇÝ ãÇ í»ñ³μ»ñáõÙ:
ÏáճϳÝ: none [nΛn] adv μáÉáñáíÇÝ/³Ù»Ý¨ÇÝ áã. He
non-aligned [‚nɒnə΄laind] a ãÙdzó³Í. ~ was ~ too polite ܳ ³ÛÝù³Ý ¿É ù³Õ³ù³í³-
countries ãÙdzó³Í »ñÏñÝ»ñ/å»ïáõÃÛáõÝ- ñÇ ã¿ñ. ~ the less ³ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí, ³Ù»-
Ý»ñ: ݨÇÝ. He was ~ the worse of it ¸ñ³ÝÇó ݳ
non-alignment [‚nɒnə΄lainmənt] n ãÙdzíá- ³í»ÉÇ í³ï ã»Õ³í/ã½·³ó:
ñáõÙ. policy of ~ ãÙdzíáñí»Éáõ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³- non-effective [‚nɒni΄fektiv] n ³Ýå»ïù, áã
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: åÇï³ÝÇ. ³Ý½áñ. ½ÇÝíáñ³Ï³Ý ͳé³Ûáõ-
non-appearance [‚nɒnə΄piərəns] n Çñ³í., ÃÛ³Ý áã åÇï³ÝÇ:
Ùñ½. ãÝ»ñϳ۳ݳÉÁ: nonentity [nɒ΄nentəti] n ³ÝÝß³Ý Ù³ñ¹,
nonattendance [‚nɒnə΄tendəns] n ãѳ׳- áãÝãáõÃÛáõÝ. ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ ãáõÝ»óáÕ μ³Ý£
Ë»ÉÁ: nonequvivalence [nɒn i΄kwivələns] n
non-belligerent [‚nɒnbə΄lidзrənt] a ãå³- ÑÙÏñ·. ³ÝѳٳñÅ»ùáõÃÛáõÝ£
ï»ñ³½ÙáÕ. å³ï»ñ³½Ù³Ï³Ý ¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý nonetheless [‚nΛnðə΄les] adv ³ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³Û-
Ù»ç ã·ïÝíáÕ: ÝÇí, ³ÛÝáõѳݹ»ñÓ, ãÝ³Û³Í ¹ñ³Ý:
nonchalance [΄nɒn∫ələns] n ³ÝÑá·áõÃÛáõÝ, nonexistent [‚nɒnig΄zistənt] a ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ
³Ýï³ñμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ³Ý÷áõÃáõÃÛáõÝ: ãáõÝ»óáÕ:
nonchalant [΄nɒn∫ələnt] a ³ÝÑá·, ³Ýï³ñ- non-ferrous [‚nɒn΄ferəs] a ·áõݳíáñ
μ»ñ. ³Ý÷áõÛÃ: (Ù»ï³Õ). (ݳ¨ ~ metals) ·áõݳíáñ Ù»-
non-combatant [‚nɒn΄kɒmbətənt] a ³å³- ï³ÕÝ»ñ:
ß³ñ³ÛÇÝ/áã ß³ñ³ÛÇÝ (½ÇÝíáñ): non-flammable [‚nɒn΄flæməbl] a ãμáó³-
non-commissioned [‚nɒnkə΄mi∫ənd] a í³éíáÕ, ³ÝμéÝÏ»ÉÇ, ãÑñÏǽíáÕ:
»Ýóëå³Û³Ï³Ý ϳ½ÙÇÝ å³ïϳÝáÕ: non-freezing [‚nɒn΄fri:ziŋ] a óñï³¹ÇÙ³ó-
non-committal [‚nɒnkə΄mitl] n Ëáõë³÷á- ÏáõÝ, ãë³éãáÕ:
ճϳÝ. give a ~ answer Ëáõë³÷áÕ³Ï³Ý non-intervention [‚nɒnintə΄ven∫n] n ãÙÇ-
å³ï³ëË³Ý ï³É: ç³ÙïáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ policy ãÙÇç³ÙïÙ³Ý ù³Õ³-
non-compliance [‚nɒnkəm΄plaiəns] n ù³Ï³ÝnõÃÛáõÝ:
³ÝÑݳ½³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝ, ³ÝѳٳӳÛÝáõ- non-iron [‚nɒn΄aiən] a áã ³ñ¹áõÏ»ÉÇ. This
ÃÛáõÝ: material is ~ ²Ûë ·áñÍí³ÍùÁ ³ñ¹áõÏí»Éáõ
non-conductor [‚nɒnkən΄dΛktə] n ýǽ. áã ϳñÇù ãáõÝÇ:
ѳÕáñ¹Çã, ³ÝѳÕáñ¹Çã. Ù»ÏáõëÇã: non-lending [‚nɒn΄lendiŋ] a ·ñù»ñ/³ÛÉ
nonconformist [‚nɒnkən΄fɔ:mist] n ³Õ³Ý- Çñ»ñ ¹áõñë ãïñíáÕ (·ñ³¹³ñ³ÝÇó ¨
¹³íáñ, ³Ûɳ¹³í³Ý: ³ÛÉÝ):
non-member 553 normal

non-member [nɒn΄membə] n ³Ý¹³Ù Ù³Ý, ³ÝÁݹѳï. ~ work ³Ý¹³¹³ñ ³ß˳-


ãѳݹÇë³óáÕ. á㠳ݹ³Ù. ~ state á㠳ݹ³Ù ï³Ýù. a ~ flight ³í. ³Ýí³Ûñ¿çù ÃéÇãù.
å»ïáõÃÛáõÝ. Open to ~s ÎáÕÙݳÏÇ ³ÝÓ³Ýó/ (·Ý³óù, ³íïáμáõë) ³é³Ýó ϳݷ³éÇ. 2.
à㠳ݹ³ÙÝ»ñÇ ÙáõïùÁ ³½³ï ¿: adv The train goes to Paris ~ ¶Ý³óùÁ ÙÇÝã¨
non-metal [‚nɒn΄metl] n ùÇÙ. áã Ù»ï³Õ, áã ö³ñǽ ·ÝáõÙ ¿ ³é³Ýó ϳݷ³éÇ. She talked
Ù»ï³Õ³ÛÇÝ ¿É»Ù»Ýï. Ù»ï³Éáǹ: ~ ܳ ³Ý¹³¹³ñ ËáëáõÙ ¿ñ:
non-party [nɒn΄pa:ti] a ³ÝÏáõë³Ïó³Ï³Ý nonsuch [΄nɒnsΛt∫] n ËëÏó. ϳï³ñ»Éáõ-
(³ÝÓ). áã Ïáõë³Ïó³Ï³Ý (Ùáï»óáõÙ): ÃÛáõÝ, ÝÙ³ÝÁ ãáõÝ»óáÕ. ³Ý½áõ·³Ï³Ý
non-persistent [‚nɒnpə΄sistənt] a ³Ýϳ- Ù³ñ¹/³é³ñϳ:
ÛáõÝ. ~ gas ³ÝϳÛáõÝ ·³½: non-suit [‚nɒn΄su:t] n Çñ³í. ·áñÍÁ ϳñ×»É
non-plus [‚nɒn΄plΛs] n ß÷áÃÙáõÝù, ¹Åí³- (ѳÛóÇó Ññ³Å³ñí»Éáõ å³ï׳éáí):
ñÇÝ Ï³óáõÃÛáõÝ. at a ~ ³Ý»É³Ý»ÉÇ ¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý non-union [‚nɒn΄ju:niən] a ³ñï³ñÑÙÇáõ-
Ù»ç be ~sed ß÷áÃáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÁÝÏÝ»É: ûݳϳÝ:
non-political [‚nɒnpə΄litikl] a ù³Õ³ù³Ï³- non-unionist [‚nɒn΄ju:niənist] n ³ñÑÙÇáõ-
ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ï ϳå ãáõÝ»óáÕ: ÃÛ³Ý ãå³ïϳÝáÕ. ³ñï³ñÑÙÇáõûݳϳÝ
nonprocedural language [nɒn prə΄si:- ³ÝÓ:
dзərəl ΄læŋgwidз] áã åñáó»¹áõñ³ÛÇÝ É»½áõ£ noodle [΄nu:dl] n ³ñÇßï³, ɳåß³. ~ soup
non-productive [‚nɒnprə΄dΛktiv] a ³Ý³ñ- ɳåß³Ûáí ³ñ·³Ý³Ï. ËëÏó. ÑÇÙ³ñÇ
ï³¹ñáճϳÝ. ³Ýû·áõï. ³å³ñ¹ÛáõÝ, áã ·ÉáõË, ³åáõß Ù³ñ¹:
³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï: nook [nuk] n ³ÝÏÛáõÝ, ³é³ÝÓݳñ³Ý,
non-profitmaking [‚nɒn΄prɒfit‚meikiŋ] a óùëïáó. ÷áùñÇÏ Íáí³Ëáñß. Search every
áã ß³Ñáõóμ»ñ, ß³ÑáõÛà ãÑ»ï³åݹáÕ. ~ ~ and cranny ´áÉáñ ³ÝÏÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ÷Ýïñ»ù:
organization áã ß³Ñáõóμ»ñ ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõ- noon [nu:n]1. n Ï»ëûñ. ÷Ëμ. ͳÕÏáõÙ,
ÃÛáõÝ: ÷ÃÃáõÙ, ·³·³Ãݳϻï. at (high) ~ (×Çßï)
nonprogramming user [nɒn ΄prəug- Ï»ëûñÇÝ. before ~ Ï»ëûñÇó ³é³ç. ~ day
ræmiŋ ΄ju:zə] û·ï³·áñÍáÕ, áã Íñ³- Ï»ëûñ, ÙÇçûñ». 2. a Ï»ëûñí³:
·ñáÕ£ noontide, noontime [΄nu:ntaid, ΄nu:ntaim]
non-resident [‚nɒn΄rezidənt] a ïíÛ³É í³Û- n Ï»ëûñ, ÙÇçûñ»:
ñáõÙ ãμݳÏíáÕ. The hotel restaurant is open to noose [nu:s] n ûÕ³Ï, ûÕ³å³ñ³Ý. ÷Ëμ.
~s ÐÛáõñ³ÝáóÇ é»ëïáñ³ÝÁ μ³ó ¿ ݳ¨ ÍáõÕ³Ï, óϳñ¹. put one’s neck into the ~
³ÛÉ/ÏáÕÙݳÏÇ ³ÝÓ³Ýó ѳٳñ: ÇÝùÝ Çñ Ó»éùáí å³ñ³ÝÁ íǽÁ ·ó»É:
non-resistant [‚nɒnri΄zistənt] n ã¹ÇÙ³¹ñáÕ nor [nɔ:] conj áã. ¨ …áã ¿É. He could neither
ãÁݹ¹ÇÙ³¹ñáÕ: read ~ write ܳ áã ϳñ¹³É ¿ñ ϳñáÕ³ÝáõÙ,
nonsense [΄nɒnsəns] n ³ÝÇÙ³ëï μ³Ý, ³Ý- áã ¿É ·ñ»É. He ~ I was there àã ݳ, áã ¿É »ë
ѻûÃáõÃÛáõÝ. arrant/clotted/flat ~ ϳï³ñÛ³É ³ÛÝï»Õ ã¿ÇÝù:
³ÝѻûÃáõÃÛáõÝ. What ~ ! Æ°Ýã ³ÝѻûÃáõ- nordic [΄nɔ:dik] a ÑÛáõëÇë³ÛÇÝ, ëϳݹÇݳí-
ÃÛáõÝ. stark ~ μ³ó³ñÓ³Ï ³ÝÙïáõÃÛáõÝ. talk Û³Ý:
~ ³ÝѻûÃáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ¹áõñë ï³É. It is ~ norland [΄nɔ:lənd] n (áñ¨¿ »ñÏñÇ) ÑÛáõëÇ-
²ÝÇÙ³ëï ¿. I won’t stand any ~ ÂáõÛÉ ã»Ù ï³ ë³ÛÇÝ ßñç³Ý:
áã ÙÇ ÑÇÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ/ÑÇÙ³ñ ϳï³Ï: norm [nɔ:m] n ë³ÑÙ³Ýí³Í ϳñ·/ã³÷, Ýáñ-
nonsensical [nɒn΄sensikl] a ³ÝѻûÃ, Ù³. set a ~ ÝáñÙ³ ë³ÑٳݻÉ. fulfil one’s ~
³ÝÙÇï. ³ÝÇÙ³ëï. ¹³ï³ñÏ: ÝáñÙ³Ý Ï³ï³ñ»É:
non-shrink [‚nɒn΄∫riŋk] a ãÝëïáÕ (·áñÍ- normal [΄nɔ:ml] a μݳϳÝáÝ, ϳÝáݳíáñ,
í³ÍùÇ Ù³ëÇÝ), ãϳñ׳óáÕ. ~ material ÝáñÙ³É. Ù³Ã. áõÕճѳ۳ó. ùÇÙ. ÝáñÙ³É
ãÝëïáÕ ·áñÍí³Íù: ÉáõÍáõÛÃ. ~ temperature (of the human body)
non-smoker [‚nɒn΄sməukə] ãÍËáÕ. ï»Õ, μÅßÏ. ÝáñÙ³É ç»ñÙ³ëïÇ׳Ý. He’s ~ today
ï³ñ³Íù (ãÍËáÕÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ). »ñÏÃ. ²Ûëûñ Ýñ³ ç»ñÙ³ëïÇ׳ÝÁ ÝáñÙ³É ¿. It’s ~
í³·áÝ ãÍËáÕÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ: weather êáíáñ³Ï³Ý »Õ³Ý³Ï ¿:
non-stop [‚nɒn΄stɒp] 1. a ³é³Ýó ÁݹÙÇç- normal [΄nɔ:ml] n μݳϳÝ/ÝáñÙ³É íÇ׳Ï.
normalcy 554 nose-bleed

above/below ~ ÝáñÙ³ÛÇó μ³ñÓñ/ó³Íñ. North-polar [‚nɔ:ð΄pəulə] a 쨻é³ÛÇÝ,


Everything is getting back to ~ ²Ù»Ý ÇÝã ³ñÏïÇϳϳÝ:
ϳñ·³íáñíáõÙ ¿/μݳϳÝáÝ ¿ ¹³éÝáõÙ. northwards [΄nɔ:θwədz] adv ¹»åÇ ÑÛáõ-
ÑÙÏñ·. ~ algorithm ÝáñÙ³É ³É·áñÇÃÙ. ~ dis- ëÇë:
tribution ÝáñÙ³É μ³ßËáõÙ. ~ equation Ýáñ- north-west [‚nɔ:θ΄west] 1. n ÑÛáõëÇë ³ñ¨-
Ù³É Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙ: Ùáõïù. 2. a ÑÛáõëÇë ³ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý. 3. adv ¹»åÇ
normalcy [΄nɔ:mlsi] n ÝáñÙ³ÉáõÃÛáõÝ, ÑÛáõëÇë ³ñ¨Ùáõïù:
μݳϳÝáÝ/ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý íÇ׳Ï: north-wester [‚nɔ:θ΄westə] n áõÅ»Õ
normality [nɔ:΄mæləti] μݳϳÝáÝ/ëáíáñ³- ÑÛáõëÇë³ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý ù³ÙÇ:
Ï³Ý íÇ׳Ï, ÝáñÙ³ÉáõÃÛáõÝ: north-westward [‚nɔ:θ΄westwəd] 1. n
normalize [΄nɔ:məlaiz] v ã³÷³íáñ»É, ÑÛáõëÇë ³ñ¨Ùáõïù. 2. a ÑÛáõëÇë³ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý.
ϳÝáݳíáñ»É. ÝáñÙ³É ¹³ñÓÝ»É: 3. adv ¹»åÇ ÑÛáõëÇë ³ñ¨Ùáõïù:
normally [΄nɔ:məli] adv ϳÝáݳíáñ³å»ë, nose [nəuz] n ùÇÃ. long/straight/turned up/
ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý Ï»ñåáí, áñå»ë ϳÝáÝ: aquiline ~ »ñϳñ/áõÕÇÕ/Ï׳ï.í»ñ óóí³Í/
Norman [΄nɔ:mən] n, a Ýáñٳݹ³óÇ, Ýáñ- ³ñÍí³ÛÇÝ ùÇÃ. pull a long ~ ÷Ëμ. ͳÕñ»É.
ٳݳϳÝ. åïÙ. ÝáñÙ³Ý, ÝáñٳݳϳÝ: blow one’s ~ ùÇÃÁ Ù³ùñ»É/ËÝã»É. cock one’s ~
normative [΄nɔ:mətiv] a ã³÷áñáß, ϳÝá- ùÇÃÁ óó»É. ·áéέݳÉ. count/tell ~s Ý»ñϳ-
ݳíáñÇã: Ý»ñÇ/Ó³ÛÝ»ñÇ ÃÇíÁ ѳßí»É. poke/ thrust/
Norse [nɔ:s] n Ýáñí»·Ý»ñ, Ýáñí»·³óÇÝ»ñ. stick one’s ~ into ùÇÃÁ ËáûÉ, ÙÇç³Ùï»É.
ÑÇÝ Ýáñí»·³óÇÝ»ñ/ëϳݹÇݳíóÇÝ»ñ: speak through the ~ ùÃÇ Ù»ç Ëáë»É.
north [nɔ:θ] n ÑÛáõëÇë. Íáí. ÑÛáõëÇë³ÛÇÝ wrinkle/hold/rub one’s ~ ùÇÃÁ ÏÝ×é»É/÷³Ï»É/
áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ÑÛáõëÇë³ÛÇÝ ù³ÙÇ, Ýáñ¹. to the ß÷»É. breath through one’s ~ ùÃáí ßÝã»É. the
~ ¹»åÇ ÑÛáõëÇë. in the ~ ÑÛáõëÇëáõÙ. from the bridge of the ~ ùóñÙ³ï. look down one’s ~
~ ÑÛáõëÇëÇó. magnetic ~ ÑÛáõëÇë³ÛÇÝ í»ñ¨Çó ݳۻÉ. (Ñáï³éáõÃÛáõÝ) have a good
Ù³·ÝÇë³Ï³Ý 쨻é: ~ ɳí Ñáï³éáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ. have a good ~
north [nɔ:θ] 1. a ÑÛáõëÇë³ÛÇÝ. a ~ wind for scandal ³é³çÇÝÝ ÇÙ³Ý³É μáÉáñ μ³Ùμ³-
ÑÛáõëÇë³ÛÇÝ ù³ÙÇ. the N ~ sea ÑÛáõëÇë³ÛÇÝ ë³ÝùÝ»ñÁ. the ~ of the kettle û۳ٳÝÇ
Íáí. ~ American ÑÛáõëÇë³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý: 2. adv ùÃÇÏÁ. the ~ of a ship/boat ݳíÇ/ݳí³ÏÇ
¹»åÇ ÑÛáõëÇë. ~ of (ÙÇ ï»ÕÇó) ÑÛáõëÇë. The óéáõÏÁ. under one’s ~ Ù»ÏÇ ùÃÇ ï³Ï, ËÇëï
area ~ of London ÈáݹáÝÇó ÑÛáõëÇë ÁÝÏ³Í Ùáï. follow one’s ~ Ñáï³éáõÃÛ³Ùμ ջϳ-
ï³ñ³ÍùÁ: í³ñí»É. ·Ý³É áõñ ³ãùÁ ÏïñÇ/áõñ å³ï³-
north-east [‚nɔ:θ΄i:st] 1. n ÑÛáõëÇë ³ñ¨»Éù. ÑÇ. lead smn by the ~ ùÃÇó μéÝ³Í Ù³Ý ï³É.
Íáí. ÑÛáõëÇë-³ñ¨»ÉÛ³Ý ù³ÙÇ, Ýáñ¹ ûëï. 2. turn one’s ~ up ùÇÃÁ ßáõé ï³É/³ñѳٳñÑ»É.
a ÑáõëÇë³ñ¨»ÉÛ³Ý. 3. adv ¹»åÇ ÑÛáõëÇë bite one’s ~ off Ïáßï áõ ÏáåÇï å³ï³ë-
³ñ¨»Éù: ˳ݻÉ. pay through the ~ ã³÷³½³Ýó Ù»Í
north-easter [‚nɔ:θ΄i:stə] n (ݳ¨ Norther) ·áõÙ³ñ í׳ñ»É. ùÃÇó μ»ñ»É. have a good ~
ÑÛáõëÇë³ñ¨»ÉÛ³Ý áõÅ»Õ ù³ÙÇ: around ɳí áõëáõÙݳëÇñ»É ßáõñçÁ:
north-easterly [‚nɔ:θ΄i:stəli] a ÑÛáõëÇë- nose [nəuz] v Ñáï ù³ß»É, Ñáïáï»É. ùÃáí
³ñ¨»ÉÛ³Ý. a ~ wind ÑÛáõëÇë³ñ¨»ÉÛ³Ý ù³ÙÇ. ßÝã»É. ~ out smth ÑáïÝ ³éÝ»É. ÇٳݳÉ. ï»-
in a ~ direction ÑÛáõëÇë³ñ¨»ÉÛ³Ý áõÕÕáõ- ջϳݳÉ. ~ after/for Ñ»ïù»ñáí ÷Ýïñ»É. ~
ÃÛ³Ùμ: about/around ÷áñÓ»É áñáß ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝ
north-eastwards [‚nɔ:θ΄i:stwədz] ÑÛáõëÇë Ó»éù μ»ñ»É/·³ÕïÝÇùÁ å³ñ½»É. (ݳíÇ/ݳ-
³ñ¨»Éù. ÑÛáõëÇë³ñ¨»ÉùáõÙ ·ïÝíáÕ. ¹»åÇ í³ÏÇ Ù³ëÇÝ) ½·áõßáõÃÛ³Ùμ ³é³ç ß³ñÅ-
ÑÛáõëÇë ³ñ¨»Éù: í»É. The ship ~d its way forward ܳíÁ ¹³Ý-
northern [΄nɔ:ðn] a ÑÛáõëÇë³ÛÇÝ: ¹³Õáñ»Ý ³é³ç ¿ñ ß³ñÅíáõÙ:
northerner [΄nɔ:ðənə] n ÑÛáõëÇë»óÇ, nose-bag [΄nəuzbæg] n (ÓÇáõ í½Çó ϳËí³Í)
ÑÛáõëÇë³μݳÏ: Ï»ñÇ ïáåñ³Ï:
northernmost [΄nɔ:ðnməust] a ³Ù»Ý³ÑÛáõ- nose-bleed [΄nəuzbli:d] n ³ñÛáõݳ-
ëÇë³ÛÇÝ: ÑáëáõÃÛáõÝ ùÃÇó. have a ~ ùÃÇó ³ñÛáõÝ ·³É:
nose-dive 555 nothing

nose-dive [΄nəuzdaiv] n ³í. í³Ûñ³ëɳó ·ñÇ ³éÝ»É. take ~s of a lecture ¹³ë³Ëáëáõ-


ÃéÇãù, fall into a ~ í³Ûñ³ëɳó ÃéÇãù ϳ- ÃÛáõÝÁ ·ñÇ ³éÝ»É speak without ~s Ëáë»É
ï³ñ»É: ³é³Ýó ·ñ³éáõÙÝ»ñ û·ï³·áñÍ»Éáõ. com-
nosegay [΄nəuzgei] n ͳÕÏ»÷áõÝç, ³Ýáõß³- pare ~s ï»ë³Ï»ïÝ»ñ/ϳñÍÇùÝ»ñ ÷á˳-
μáõÛñ ÷áõÝç: ݳϻÉ. (»ñÏïáÕ) write a short ~ ÙÇ »ñÏïáÕ
nose-piece [΄nəuzpi:s] n ï»Ë. (ß³ñ- ·ñ»É. ¹íÝ·. Ýáï³, ѳÛï³·Çñ protest ~ μá-
ÅÇãÇ) ³é³ç³Ù³ë. ͳÛñ³å³Ý³Ï, ͳÛñ³- ÕáùÇ Ñ³Ûï³·Çñ. ~s for the article ͳÝáó-
÷áÕ: ·ñáõÃÛáõÝ Ñá¹í³ÍÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. (ëï³ó³Ï³Ý,
nose-rag [΄nəuzræg] n ËëÏó. óßÏÇ- ëï³ó³·Çñ) promissory ~ å³ñï³ÙáõñѳÏ.
ݳÏ: circular ~ ßñç³μ»ñ³Ï³Ý. (Ñéã³Ï, ѳÙμ³í)
nos(e)y [΄nəuzi] a Ù»Í ùÃáí. ÷Ëμ. Ñ»- a man of ~ Ñéã³Ï³íáñ Ù³ñ¹. a composer of ~
ï³ùñùñ³ë»ñ. Don’t be so ~ ²Û¹ù³Ý Ñ»- ѳÛïÝÇ ÏáÙåá½Çïáñ. (ÃÕó¹ñ³Ù) a ten
ï³ùñùñ³ë»ñ ÙÇ ÉÇÝÇ. a real ~ parker ùÇÃÝ dollar ~ ï³ëÁ ¹áɳñ³Ýáó ÃÕó¹ñ³Ù. ~
³Ù»Ý ï»Õ ËáÃáÕ: issue ÃÕó¹ñ³ÙÇ ÃáÕ³ñÏáõÙ. (ïáÝ, ³ñï³-
nostalgia [nɒ΄stældзə] n ѳÛñ»Ý³μ³ÕÓáõ- ѳÛïáõÃÛáõÝ) change the ~ ïáÝÁ ÷áË»É, ³ÛÉ
ÃÛáõÝ, ѳÛñ»ÝÇùÇ Ï³ñáï: Ó¨áí Ëáë»É. strike the right ~ ×Çßï ïáÝ
nostalgic [nɒ΄stældзik] a ѳÛñ»Ý³μ³ÕÓ. be í»ñóÝ»É/ÁݹáõÝ»É. (³½¹³Ýß³Ý) a ~ of warn-
in a ~ mood ѳÛñ»ÝÇùÇ Ï³ñáï ½·³É. be ~ ing ݳ˳½·áõß³óáõÙ. (ÝÇß, Ýß³Ý) ~ of ex-
for the past ϳñáï»É ³ÝóÛ³ÉÁ, ³ÝóÛ³ÉÇ Ï³- clamation/interrogation μ³ó³Ï³Ýã³Ï³Ý/
ñáï ½·³É:. ѳñó³Ï³Ý Ýß³Ý:
nostril [΄nɒstrəl] n éáõÝ·, ùóͳÏ: note [nəut] v Ýϳï»É, ÝßÙ³ñ»É. áõß³¹ñáõ-
not [nɒt] adv ã.., áã. He is ~ at home ܳ ï³ÝÁ ÃÛáõÝ ¹³ñÓÝ»É. ·ñÇ ³éÝ»É, ÝßáõÙÝ»ñ ³Ý»É
ã¿. ~ tÑinking about ³é³Ýó Ùï³Í»Éáõ, ãÙï³- (ݳ¨ ~ down). We duly ~ that Ø»Ýù ѳßíÇ
Í»Éáí. ~ at all μݳí, »ñμ»ù. ~ in the least μá- »Ýù ³éÝáõÙ:
ÉáñáíÇÝ, ³Ù»Ý¨ÇÝ. ~ a bit of it ÝáõÛÝÁ. ~ note-book [΄nəutbuk] n ï»ïñ, Ñáõß³ï»ïñ,
but/that/what û¨. ãݳ۳Í, áã ÙdzÛÝ. ~ once Íáó³ï»ïñ:
but many times áã û Ù»Ï, ³ÛÉ μ³½Ù³ÃÇí note case [΄nəutkeis] n ÃÕóå³Ý³Ï:
³Ý·³ÙÝ»ñ. ~ once nor twice ѳ׳Ë. ~ too noted [΄nəutid] a Ý߳ݳíáñ, Ñéã³Ï³íáñ. ~
loud áã ³Û¹ù³Ý μ³ñÓñ. Why ~? ÆÝãá±õ áã. ~ for one’s talent/wit Çñ ï³Õ³Ý¹áí/ ëñ³Ùïáõ-
that áã û áñ. ~ to say »Ã» ã³ë»É. ~ on your ÃÛ³Ùμ ѳÛïÝÇ:
life áã ÙÇ ¹»åùáõÙ. ~ for the world áã ÙÇ note-paper [΄nəut‚peipə] n ݳٳÏÇ
¹»åùáõÙ. ~ worth a button ÙÇ ùáé Ïáå»Ï ¿É ÃáõÕÃ:
ã³ñÅ»óáÕ. ~ a few ß³ï»ñÁ. ~ likely ѳ½Çí/ note-shaver [΄nəut‚∫eivə] n ³Ù. í³ß˳-
¹Åí³ñ û. ~ without (reason) áã ³é³Ýó éáõ:
(å³ï׳éÇ): noteworthy [΄nəut‚wə:ði] a áõß³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý
notability [‚nəutə΄biləti] n Ñéã³Ï, ÷³éù. ³ñųÝÇ:
Ý߳ݳíáñ/ٻͳÝáõÝ Ù³ñ¹: nothing [΄nΛθiŋ] prn, n ½ñá, áãÇÝã, ¹³ï³ñÏ
notable [΄nəutəbl] a, n Ý߳ݳíáñ, μ³Ý. ~ of the kind áã ÙÇ ÝÙ³Ý μ³Ý. N~ doing
³Ï³Ý³íáñ. ³ãùÇ ÁÝÏÝáÕ. Ý߳ݳϳÉÇó, ËëÏó. âÇ Ñ³çáÕíÇ, ´³Ý ¹áõñë ãÇ ·³. all to
ϳñ¨áñ: ~ ³å³ñ¹ÛáõÝ. come to ~ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝù ãáõ-
notably [΄nəutəbli] adv ѳïϳå»ë: ݻݳÉ, ³å³ñ¹ÛáõÝ í»ñç³Ý³É. ~ would in-
notarial [nəu΄teəriəl] a Ýáï³ñ³Ï³Ý, Ýá- duce me ÆÝÓ áãÇÝã ãÇ ëïÇåÇ. It’s ~ serious àã
ï³ñÇ. ~ act Ýáï³ñÇ ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝ: ÙÇ ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ/Éáõñç μ³Ý ãϳ. I see ~ of
notarize [΄nəutəraiz] v í³í»ñ³óÝ»É, ѳë- him ºë Ýñ³Ý μáÉáñáíÇÝ ã»Ù ï»ëÝáõÙ N~
ï³ï»É (÷³ëï³ÃÕûñ): venture ~ have èÇëÏ ã³Ý»ëª áã ÙÇ μ³ÝÇ ã»ë
notary [΄nəutəri] n Ýáï³ñ (ݳ¨ ~ public). ѳëÝÇ. the little ~s of life ÏÛ³ÝùÇ Ù³Ýñáõù-
~s certificate Ýáï³ñÇ íϳ۳ϳÝ: Ý»ñÁ (áã ÙÇ μ³Ý) It’s ~ to be proud of Ðå³ñ-
notch [nɒt∫] n Ëáõ½, Ïïñí³Íù, ù³éÃ: ï³Ý³Éáõ áã ÙÇ μ³Ý ãϳ. There is ~ more to
note [nəut] n ·ñ³éáõÙ, ÝßáõÙ. take/make a ~ be said ²ÛÉ¨ë ³ë»Éáõ μ³Ý ãϳ. There is ~ in it
nothing 556 nourish

for us ¸³ Ù»½ áãÇÝã ãÇ ï³ÉÇë. It’s ~ to do notice-board [΄nəutisbɔ:d] n ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõ-


with you ¸³ Ó»½ ãÇ í»ñ³μ»ñáõÙ. There is ~ to ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ï³Ëï³Ï:
it ¸³ ß³ï Ñ»ßï ¿. I can make ~ of it ºë notifiable [΄nəutifaiəbl] a ·ñ³ÝóÙ³Ý »Ýó-
¹ñ³ÝÇó áãÇÝã ã»Ù ѳëϳÝáõÙ. You get in for ϳ, ~ diseases å³ñï³¹ñáñ»Ý ï»ÕÛ³Ï
~ ØáõïùÁ ÓñÇ ¿. next to ~ ѳٳñÛ³ ÓñÇ. It’s å³ÑíáÕ í³ñ³ÏÇã ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ:
not for ~ ƽáõñ ã¿. It’s a mere ~ ¸³ï³ñÏ μ³Ý notification [‚nəutifi΄kei∫n] n ͳÝáõóáõÙ,
¿. ~ of the kind áã ÙÇ ÝÙ³Ý μ³Ý. N~ doing ²Û¹ ³½¹, ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
μ³ÝÁ ³Ûëï»Õ ãÇ ³ÝóÝÇ: notify [΄nəutifai] v ͳÝáõó»É, ï»Õ»Ï³óÝ»É.
nothing [΄nΛθiŋ] adv ³Ù»Ý¨ÇÝ, μݳí, ѳÛï³ñ³ñ»É, ³½¹³ñ³ñ»É. We will ~ you
»ñμ»ù. It’s ~ like her ¸³ Ýñ³Ý μݳí ÝÙ³Ý Ø»Ýù Ó»½ Ïï»Õ»Ï³óÝ»Ýù/ï»ÕÛ³Ï Ïå³-
ã¿: Ñ»Ýù ~ the police áëïÇϳÝáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ï»Õ»-
nothingness [΄nΛθiŋnəs] n áãÝãáõÃÛáõÝ, ϳóÝ»É. ÑÙÏñ·. ׳ݳã»É:
¹³ï³ñÏ μ³Ý. ³ÝÇñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: notion [΄nəu∫n] n ѳëϳóáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, å³ï-
notice [΄nəutis] n ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ³½¹. Ï»ñ³óáõÙ, ·³Õ³÷³ñ. have no ~ ·³Õ³÷³ñ
post/plate up/put up a ~ ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ãáõݻݳÉ. have a ~ of ÙÇïù áõݻݳÉ. have a
÷³ÏóÝ»É. obituary ~ ٳѳ½¹, ¹³Ùμ³Ý³- ~ that Ãí³É û. as the ~ takes him »ñμ Ë»ÉùÁ
ϳÝ. put a ~ in the papers ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ÏïñÇ. have no slightest ~ ³Ù»Ý³ãÝãÇÝ
ï³É ûñûñáõÙ. (ݳ˳½·áõß³óáõÙ, ï»Õ»- å³ïÏ»ñ³óáõÙ ãáõݻݳÉ:
ϳóáõÙ) give a ~ ѳÕáñ¹»É, ï»Õ»Ï³óÝ»É. notional [΄nəu∫nəl] a ï»ë³Ï³Ý, »ñ¨³Ï³Û³-
have a ~ ÇٳݳÉ. ï»ÕÛ³Ï ÉÇÝ»É. send a ~ ͳ- ϳÝ, Ùï³Ñ³Û»óáճϳÝ. a purely ~ distinc-
ÝáõóáõÙ áõÕ³ñÏ»É. at a moment’s ~ ³ÝÙÇç³- tion ½áõï ï»ë³Ï³Ý ï³ñμ»ñ³ÏáõÙ/ï³ñ-
å»ë, ³Ýѳå³Õ. without (prior) ~ ³é³Ýó μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
ݳËûñáù ݳ˳½·áõß³óÙ³Ý. give a week’s notoriety [‚nəutə΄raiəti] n í³ï ѳÙμ³í,
~ ÙÇ ß³μ³Ã ³é³ç ݳ˳½·áõß³óÝ»É. at í³ï³Ñ³Ùμ³íáõÃÛáõÝ. He seems to seek ~
very short ~ í»ñçÇÝ ñáå»ÇÝ. until further ~ ÂíáõÙ ¿ª í³ï ѳÙμ³íÇ ¿ Ó·ïáõÙ:
ÙÇÝ㨠ѳçáñ¹ ϳñ·³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ. N~ is notorious [nəu΄tɔ:riəs] a ³ÏÝѳÛï í³ï³-
hereby given ...êñ³Ýáí ݳ˳½·áõß³óíáõÙ/ ѳÙμ³í/ïËñ³Ñéã³Ï. a ~ criminal /liar
ͳÝáõóíáõÙ ¿, áñ... (áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ) take ~ Ñéã³Ï³íáñ á×ñ³·áñÍ/ëï³Ëáë. be ~ for
áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ¹³ñÓÝ»É. come into ~ áõß³¹- smth ѳÙμ³í³íáñ ÉÇÝ»É. It is ~ that гÝ-
ñáõÃÛáõÝ ·ñ³í»É. beneath one’s ~ áõß³¹ñáõ- ñ³Ñ³Ûï ¿, áñ... ~ crime ³ÕÙáõÏ Ñ³Ý³Í
ÃÛ³Ý áã ³ñųÝÇ. take no ~ of áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ Ñ³Ýó³·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ:
ã¹³ñÓÝ»É. attract one’s ~ áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ·ñ³- notoriously [nəu΄tɔ:riəsli] adv ѳÝñ³Ñ³Ûï.
í»É. escape one’s ~ áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÇó íñÇå»É. He is ~ unreliable гÝñ³Ñ³Ûï ¿, áñ Ýñ³ íñ³
vacancy ~ ó÷áõñ ï»ÕÇ Ù³ëÇÝ Ñ³Ûï³ñ³- ÑáõÛë ãÇ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ¹Ý»É. It is ~ difficult to prove
ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ to pay í׳ñÙ³Ý Ù³ëÇÝ ÑÇß»- гÝñ³Ñ³Ûï ¿, áñ (¹³) ¹Åí³ñ ¿ ³å³-
óáõÙ. (å³ßïáݳÃáÕáõÃÛáõÝ) give in one’s ~ óáõó»É:
å³ßïáÝÇó ³½³ïí»Éáõ ¹ÇÙáõÙ ·ñ»É. be notwithstanding [‚nɒtwið΄stændiŋ]1. prep
given a month’s ~ Ù»Ï ³ÙÇë Ñ»ïá ³ß- ãݳ۳Í, ѳϳé³Ï. 2. adv ³ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³Û-
˳ï³ÝùÇó ³½³ïí»Éáõ ݳ˳½·áõß³- ÝÇí, μ³Ûó ¨ ³ÛÝå»ë. N~ what you say I be-
óáõÙ. be dismissed without ~ ³é³Ýó ݳ˳- lieve him гϳé³Ï Ó»ñ ³ë³ÍÇÝ »ë Ýñ³Ý
½·áõß³óÝ»Éáõ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇó Ñ»é³óÝ»É. ѳí³ïáõÙ »Ù:
óïñ. (·ñ³Ëáë³Ï³Ý) bad ~ í³ï ·ñ³- nought [nɔ:t] n áãÇÝã, ½ñá, bring to ~ áãÝã³ó-
Ëáë³Ï³Ý: Ý»É, ÙÇÝ㨠í»ñç çÝç»É. set at ~ ³ñѳٳñÑ»É.
notice [΄nəutis] v Ýϳï»É, ï»ëÝ»É. áõß³¹- a game of ~s and crosses ˳ã»ñÇ ¨ ½ñáÝ»ñÇ
ñáõÃÛáõÝ ¹³ñÓÝ»É. Ýß»É, ÑÇß³ï³Ï»É. I did- ˳Õ:
n’t ~ you ºë Ó»½ ãÝϳï»óÇ: noun [naun] n ù»ñ. ·á۳ϳÝ. proper/common
noticeable [΄nəutisəbl] a Ýϳï»ÉÇ, ³ãùÇ /collective ~ ѳïáõÏ/ѳë³ñ³Ï/ѳí³ù³-
ÁÝÏÝáÕ, ³Ïݳéáõ. a ~ decline Ýϳï»ÉÇ ³Ý- Ï³Ý ·á۳ϳÝ:
ÏáõÙ. It’s hardly ~ г½Çí ÝßÙ³ñíáõÙ ¿: nourish [΄nΛri∫] v ëÝ»É. ëÝáõó»É. ~ children
nourishing 557 nuisance

»ñ»Ë³Ý»ñÇÝ Ï»ñ³Ïñ»É. ~ hopes ÷Ëμ. appear from ~ ã·Çï»ëª áñï»ÕÇó ѳÛïÝí»É.


ÑáõÛë»ñ ÷³Û÷³Û»É: It’s ~ near here ¸³ μáÉáñáíÇÝ ¿É Ùáï ã¿/μ³-
nourishing [΄nΛri∫iŋ] a ëÝݹ³ñ³ñ: í³Ï³Ý Ñ»éáõ ¿. ~ else áõñÇß áã ÙÇ ï»Õ. I’ve
nourishment [΄nΛri∫mənt] n ëÝáõóáõÙ, ~ to go ·Ý³Éáõ ï»Õ ãáõÝ»Ù. There ‘s ~ to play
ëÝáõݹ, Ï»ñ³Ïáõñ: here ²Ûëï»Õ ˳ճÉáõ ï»Õ ãϳ. This is get-
novel [΄nɒvl] n í»å. dime ~ ¿Å³Ý³·ÇÝ/³ñ- ting us ~ ê³ Ù»½ áãÇÝã ãÇ ï³ÉÇë/áãÝãÇ ãÇ
ϳͳËݹÇñ í»å. problem ~ åñáμɻٳÛÇÝ Ñ³Ý·»óÝáõÙ. come ~ in the competition
í»å: ÙñóáõÛÃáõÙ áã ÙÇ ï»Õ ã·ñ³í»É:
novel [΄nɒvl] a Ýáñ, ³ÝͳÝáÃ. ûñÇ·ÇݳÉ: noxious [΄nɒk∫əs] a íݳë³Ï³ñ, Ãáõݳíáñ,
novelese [‚nɒvə΄li:z] n íÇå³Ï³Ý á×/É»- Ïáñͳݳñ³ñ:
½áõ: nozzle [΄nɒzl] n Íáñ³Ï. ùÃÇÏ (û۳ٳÝÇ).
novelette [‚nɒvə΄let] n íÇå³Ï, å³ïÙí³Íù: ï»Ë. μ³óÃáÕÇ ³Ýóù. ËáÕáí³Ï³Í³Ûñ:
novelist [΄nɒvəlist] n íÇå³ë³Ý: nuance [nju:΄a:ns] n »ñ³Ý·, Ýñμ»-
novelt/y [΄nɒvlti] n ÝáñáõÃÛáõÝ, ÝáñáõÛÃ. ñ³Ý·:
Ýáñ³ÙáõÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ ies in footwear nub [nΛb] n »Éáõݹ, áõéáõóù. ËëÏó. ¿áõÃÛáõÝ.
fashion ÏáßÇÏÝ»ñÇ Ùá¹³ÛÇ ÝáñáõÛÃÝ»ñ. ~ in That’s the ~ of the question ê³ ¿ ·áñÍÇ/ѳñóÇ
printing process ÝáñáõÛà ïå³·ñáõÃÛ³Ý ·áñ- ¿áõÃÛáõÝÁ:
ÍáõÙ: nubbin [΄nΛbin] n ÷áùñ Ïïáñ, ·Ý¹ÇÏ.
November [nəu΄vembə] n, a ÝáÛ»Ùμ»ñ. »·Çåï³óáñ»ÝÇ Ë³Ï ÏáÕñ£
ÝáÛ»Ùμ»ñÛ³Ý: nubble [΄nΛbl] n ÷áùñ Ïïáñ, ·áõݹ (ѳï-
novice [΄nɒvis] n Ýáñ»Ï, ëÏëݳÏ, ³Ý÷áñÓ Ï³å»ë ³ÍáõËÇ/ÑáÕÇ)
Ù³ñ¹. í³Ý³Ï³Ý »Õμ³Ûñ/ùáõÛñ: nuclear [΄nju:kliə] a ÙÇçáõϳÛÇÝ, ³ïáÙ³-
now [nau]1. adv ÑÇÙ³, ³ÛÅÙ. just/right ~ Ñ»Ýó ÛÇÝ. ~ energy ÙÇçáõϳÛÇÝ/³ïáÙ³ÛÇÝ ¿Ý»ñ-
ÑÇÙ³, ³ÝÙÇç³å»ë. Summer won’t be long ~ ·Ç³. ~ free zone ÙÇçáõϳ½»ñÍ ·áïÇ. ~ fall-
Þáõïáí ³Ù³é ¿. every ~ and then Å³Ù³Ý³Ï out é³¹Çá³ÏïÇí Ýëïí³Íù. ~ fission ÙÇçáõ-
³é ųٳݳÏ, ѳ׳Ë. before ~ ³í»ÉÇ Ï³ÛÇÝ ïñáÑáõÙ. ~ fuel ³ïáÙ³ÛÇÝ í³é»ÉÇù.
í³Õ/ßáõï. by ~ ³Û¹ å³ÑÇÝ/ųٳݳÏ, ~ weapon ³ïáÙ³ÛÇÝ ½»Ýù. ~ test ³ïáÙ³ÛÇÝ
ÑÇÙ³. That’s all for ~ ²é³ÛÅÙ ³Ûëù³ÝÁ. a ½»ÝùÇ ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙ. ~ power/state ³ïáÙ³-
month from ~ ³Ûëûñí³ÝÇó ÙÇ ³ÙÇë Ñ»ïá. ÛÇÝ ½»Ýù áõÝ»óáÕ å»ïáõÃÛáõÝ:
from ~ on ³Ûë å³ÑÇó/ûñí³ÝÇó. until /up to ~ nucleate [΄nju:klieit] v ÙÇçáõÏ Ï³½Ù»É:
ÙÇÝ㨠³ÛÅÙ. now … now Ù»ñÃ... Ù»ñÃ. ~ here nucleus [΄nju:kliəs] n ÙÇçáõÏ, Ïáñǽ. (ݳ¨
~ there Ù»ñà ³Ûëï»Õ, Ù»ñà ³ÛÝï»Õ. (¹») ~ ÷Ëμ.) ÝÛ³ñ¹³ÛÇÝ Ï»ÝïñáÝ, ë³ÕÙ:
(then) What’s wrong? ¸»°, DZÝã ¿ å³ï³Ñ»É. nude [nju:d] n Ù»ñÏ Ù³ñÙÇÝ. ³ñí. ÝϳñãÇ
N~ stop playing the fool ¸», í»ñç ïáõñ ÑÇ- Ù»ñÏ μÝáñ¹. in the ~ Ù»ñÏ. swim (in the) ~
Ù³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñǹ. come ~ ¹», ÙDZû. Ù»ñÏ ÉáճݳÉ. studies from the ~ Ù»ñÏ
now…now, that ’ll do ¹», ¹», μ³í³Ï³Ý ¿. Ù³ñÙÝÇ ¿ïÛáõ¹:
2. cnj ù³ÝÇ áñ. N~ you are here, why not nude [nju:d] 1. a Ù»ñÏ, ÑáɳÝÇ. Ù³ñÙ-
stay? ø³ÝÇ áñ ³ñ¹»Ý ³Ûëï»Õ »ë, ÇÝãá±õ ݳ·áõÛÝ. 2. á (·»Õ³ÝϳñãáõÃÛ³Ý/ ù³Ý¹³-
ãÙݳÉ: ϳ·áñÍáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç) Ù»ñÏ ýÇ·áõñ³:
nowaday [΄nauədei] a ³ÛÅÙÛ³Ý, ³ñ¹Ç³- nudge [nΛdз] 1. á ûè³ÏÇ ÑñáõÙ ³ñ-
ϳÝ: ÙáõÝÏáí. give a ~ ³ñÙáõÝÏáí ûè³ÏÇ Ññ»É.
nowadays [΄nauədeiz] adv Ý»ñϳÛáõÙë, Ù»ñ 2. v ³ñÙáõÝÏáí ûè³ÏÇ Ññ»É:
ûñ»ñáõÙ. That’s very expensive ~ ÐÇÙ³ ¹³ nudity [΄nju:dəti] n Ù»ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
ß³ï óÝÏ ¿: nugget [΄nΛgit] n μݳÏïáñ (áëÏáõ) (ݳ¨ a
noway(s) [΄nəuweiz] adv áã ÙÇ ¹»åùáõÙ/ gold ~):
Ï»ñå. Are you coming? Noway. ¶³ÉÇ±ë »ë. nuisance [΄nju:sns] n ïѳ×áõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ý³-
àã ÙÇ ¹»åùáõÙ: ËáñÅáõÃÛáõÝ. ëñïÝ»ÕáõÃÛáõÝ. What a ~ !
nowhere [΄nəuweə] adv áã ÙÇ ï»Õ. He was ~ ²÷ëá¯ë, ÇÝã ïÑ³× μ³Ý. make a ~ of oneself
to be seen ܳ áã ÙÇ ï»Õ ãϳñ/ã¿ñ »ñ¨áõÙ. Ó³ÝÓñ³óÝ»É. a perfect ~ ϳï³ñÛ³É Ó³ÝÓ-
null 558 numerical

ñáõÛÃ, ³Ñ³íáñ Ó³ÝÓñ³ÉÇ Ù³ñ¹. These flies ÙÇÉÇáÝ ³Ý·³Ù. room ~ 7 ѳٳñ Ûáà ë»Ý-
are an awful ~ ²Ûë ׳Ý×»ñÇó åñÍáõÙ ãϳ. Û³Ï. Baghramyan str.~ 1 ´³Õñ³ÙÛ³Ý ÷.
public ~ ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ϳñ·Á ˳ݷ³- ïáõÝ Ñ³Ù³ñ 1. (Ñ»é³Ëáë) telephone ~ Ñ»-
ñáÕ. Don’t make a ~ of yourself ËëÏó. ¼³Ñɳ é³ËáëÇ Ý³Ù³ñ. Wrong ~ êË³É »ù ÁÝÏ»É/
ÙÇ ï³ÝÇ: ê˳Éí»É »ù. reference ~ ï»Õ»Ï³ïáõ ѳ-
null [nΛl] n ½ñá, ¹³ï³ñÏ, ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ ãáõÝ»- Ù³ñ. catalogue ~ ·ñ³óáõó³ÏÇ ·ñ³ÝÇßÁ/
óáÕ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ information ÇÝýáñÙ³ódzÛÇ ßÇýñÁ. registration ~ ·ñ³ÝóÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ. ~
μ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ list ¹³ï³ñÏ óáõó³Ï. plate ѳٳñ³ÝÇß. a ~ 9 bus ³íïáμáõë
~ method ½ñáÛ³Ï³Ý Ù»Ãá¹. ~ set ¹³ï³ñÏ Ñ³Ù³ñ ÇÝÁ. (ѳٻñ·Ç/Íñ³·ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ) for
μ³½ÙáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ statement ¹³ï³ñÏ ûå»ñ³- the next ~ the singer ѳçáñ¹ ѳٳñáí »ñ-
ïáñ. ~ string ¹³ï³ñÏ ïáÕ: ·ÇãÁ. look after ~ one ÷Ëμ., ËëÏó. ùá Ù³ëÇÝ
null [nΛl] a ³Ýí³í»ñ, ûñÇÝ³Ï³Ý áõÅ ãáõÝ»- Ñá·³/Ùï³ÍÇñ. His ~s are up Üñ³ »ñ·Á
óáÕ. Çñ³í. áõÅÁ Ïáñóñ³Í ~ and void ³Ýí³- »ñ·í³Í ¿. She is a nice, little ~ ܳ ³ÛÝù³Ý
í»ñ. The contract is ~ and void гٳӳÛݳ- ɳíÇÏÝ ¿. He is my opposite ~ in Paris ö³ñÇ-
·ÇñÁ áõÅÁ Ïáñóñ»É ¿: ½áõ٠ݳ ½μ³Õ»óÝáõÙ ¿ ÝáõÛÝ å³ßïáÝÁ, ÇÝã
nullification [‚nΛlifi΄kei∫n] n áãÝã³óáõÙ, áñ »ë ³Ûëï»Õ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ code ÃíÇ Ïá¹. ~ shift
í»ñ³óáõÙ: ÃíÇ ï»Õ³ß³ñÅ. ~ system ѳÙñ³ÝùÇ Ñ³-
nullify [΄nΛlifai] v çÝç»É, í»ñ³óÝ»É. ³Ýí³- ٳϳñ·:
í»ñ ¹³ñÓÝ»É, ã»ÕÛ³É Ñ³Ûï³ñ³ñ»É: number [΄nΛmbə] v ѳٳñ³Ï³É»É, ѳÙ-
nullity [΄nΛləti] n áãÝãáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ÝÝß³Ýáõ- ñ»É. ѳßí»É. ~ pages ¿ç»ñÁ ѳٳñ³Ï³É»É.
ÃÛáõÝ. Çñ³í. ³Ýí³í»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ of marriage His days are ~ed Üñ³ ûñ»ñÁ ѳßí³Í »Ý. ~
³ÙáõëÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³ÝûñÇݳϳÝ/³Ýí³í»ñ off Ý»ñϳ-μ³ó³Ï³ ³Ý»É. The group ~s about
׳ݳã»ÉÁ: 10 persons ÊáõÙμÁ å³ñáõݳÏáõÙ ¿ Ùáï
numb [nΛm] a ÃÙñ³Í, ³Ý½·³. ÷³Ûï³ó³Í, ï³ëÁ Ñá·Ç. The exhibitiion ~s some 50 items
ë³é³Í. ~ fingers ÃÙñ³Í Ù³ïÝ»ñ. My leg is òáõó³Ñ³Ý¹»ëáõÙ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í »Ý Ùáï
~ àïùë ÃÙñ»É ¿. be ~ with terror/grief ÷Ëμ. ÑÇëáõÝ óáõó³ÝÙáõß. I ~ him among my best
ë³ñë³÷Çó ë³é»É, É»½áõÝ Ï³å ÁÝÏÝ»É. friends ºë Ýñ³Ý ѳٳñáõÙ »Ù ÇÙ ³Ù»-
íßïÇó ϳñÍ»ë ÷³Ûï³Ý³É: ݳɳí ÁÝÏ»ñÝ»ñÇó Ù»ÏÁ:
number [΄nΛmbə] n ÃÇí, ù³Ý³Ï, ѳٳñ. numberless [΄nΛmbələs] a ³ÝÃÇí, ³Ýѳ-
broken ~Ù³Ã. Ïáïáñ³Ï. even/odd ~ ½áõÛ·/ Ù³ñ. ѳٳñ ãáõÝ»óáÕ:
Ï»Ýï ÃÇí. prime/whole ~ å³ñ½/³ÙμáÕç³- numbness [΄nΛmnəs] n ÃÙñáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ý-
Ï³Ý ÃÇí. a ~ of ÙÇ ß³ñù, ß³ï. quite a ~ ½·³Û³óáõÙ:
μ³½Ù³ÃÇí, ÙÇ ³ÙμáÕç ß³ñù. without ~ ³Ý- numerable [΄nju:mərəbl] a ѳßí»ÉÇ,
ÃÇí, ³Ýѳٳñ. (ѳٳñ) the current ~ í»ñ- Ãí»ÉÇ:
çÇÝ Ñ³Ù³ñÁ (ûñÃ, ³Ùë³·Çñ). serial ~ ѳ- numeral [΄nju:mrəl] n Ãí³Ýß³Ý, ÃÇí. ù»ñ.
çáñ¹³Ï³Ý ѳٳñ. (Éñ³·ñÇ) μ³óÃáÕÙ³Ý Ãí³Ï³Ý ³ÝáõÝ. Arabic/Roman ~s ³ñ³μ³-
ѳٳñ. file ~ ·áñÍÇ /·ñ³ÝóÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ. ac- ϳÝ/ÑéáÙ»³Ï³Ý Ãí»ñ:
count ~ ѳßíÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. back ~ ÑÇÝ Ñ³Ù³ñ numerary [΄nju:mərəri] a Ãí³Ï³Ý, Ãí³ÛÇÝ.
(ûñÃÇ, ³Ùë³·ñÇ). ~s Ù»Í ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. numeration [‚nju:mə΄rei∫n] n ѳÙñáõÙ,
in ~s Ù»Í ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùμ. Ù³Ã. Ãí³Ï³Ý. ѳÙñ³Ýù. ѳٳñ³Ï³ÉáõÙ, ѳٳñ³Ï³-
ù»ñ. ÃÇí, ÃíÇ Ï³ñ·. μÝëï. ã³÷, éÇÃÙ. car- ÉáõÃÛáõÝ. decimal ~ ѳÙñ³ÝùÇ ï³ëÝáñ¹³-
dinal/ordinal ~s ù³Ý³Ï³Ï³Ý/¹³ë³Ï³Ý Ï³Ý ëÇëï»Ù:
Ãí³Ï³Ý round ~s ÏÉáñ Ãí»ñ. in round ~s ÏÉáñ numerator [΄nju:məreitə] n Ù³Ã. ѳٳñÇã.
Ãí»ñáí, ÏÉáñ³óÝ»Éáí. be not good at ~s ѳٳñ³óáõÛó:
Ãí³μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÇó ÃáõÛÉ ÉÇÝ»É. (ù³Ý³Ï) one numerical [nju:΄merikl] a Ãí³ÛÇÝ, Ãí³-
of their ~ Ýñ³ÝóÇó Ù»ÏÁ. in a ~ of cases Ý߳ݳÛÇÝ, ÃíÇ. ~ data Ãí³ÛÇÝ ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ. ~
áñáß/ÙÇ ß³ñù ¹»åù»ñáõÙ. quite a ~ of people superiority Ãí³ÛÇÝ ·»ñ³½³ÝóáõÃÛáõÝ.
μ³í³Ï³Ý ß³ï Ù³ñ¹. any ~ of reasons ß³ï ÑÙÏñ·. ~ control (NC) Ãí³ÛÇÝ Íñ³·ñ³ÛÇÝ
å³ï׳éÝ»ñ. time without ~ ³ÝÁݹѳï, ϳé³í³ñáõÙ. ~ data Ãí³ÛÇÝ ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ. ~
numeric character 559 nymph

error Ãí³ÛÇÝ ë˳É. ~ value Ãí³ÛÇÝ ³ñ- ëÏëÝ³Ï ¹³ÑáõÏáñ¹Ý»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ:


Å»ù£ nursing [΄nə:siŋ] n ËݳÙù. go in for ~
numeric character [nju:΄merik ΄kærəktə] μáõÅùáõÛñ ¹³éݳÉ:
Ãí³Ý߳ݖëÇÙíáÉ. nursing [΄nə:siŋ] a Ï»ñ³ÏñáÕ, ëïÝïáõ. ~
numeric field [nju:΄merik fi:ld] Ãí³- mother Ï»ñ³ÏñáÕ/ëïÝïáõ Ù³Ûñ. ~ home
ÛÇÝ ¹³ßï. ~ keypad Ãí³ÛÇÝ ëï»Õݳ- Ù³ëݳíáñ μáõųñ³Ý. ~ staff μáõÅùáõÛñ:
ËáõÙμ: nurture [΄nə:t∫ə] n ¹³ëïdzñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ.
numerous [΄nju:mərəs] a μ³½Ù³ÃÇí, áõëáõóáõÙ, ³×»óáõÙ, ëÝáõóáõÙ:
ëïí³ñ. in ~ cases μ³½Ù³ÃÇí ¹»åù»ñáõÙ. nut [nΛt] n ÁÝÏáõÛ½. a hard ~ to crack ¹Åí³ñ
too ~ to mention ã³÷Çó ³í»ÉÇ ß³ïª ÑÇ- ËݹÇñ. ѳٳé/³ÝÏáïñáõÙ Ù³ñ¹. ËëÏó.
ß³ï³Ï»Éáõ/Ãí»Éáõ ѳٳñ: ·ÉáõË. off one’s ~ ѳñμ³Í, Ë»ÉùÁ Ãéóñ³Í.
numismatics [‚nju:miz΄mætiks] n ¹ñ³Ù³- ~s ÑÇÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ÝѻûÃáõÃÛáõÝ. He drives
·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ£ me ~s ܳ ÇÝÓ å³ñ½³å»ë ϳï³Õ»óÝáõÙ
numskull [΄nΛmskΛl] n μóÙÇï, ÑÇÙ³ñÇ ¿. be ~s on ß³ï ëÇñ»É:
·ÉáõË: nut crackers [΄nΛt‚krækəz] n ÁÝÏáõÛ½-
nun [nΛn] n ÙdzÝÓÝáõÑÇ, ÏáõÛë: ÏáïñÇã:
nunnery [΄nΛnəri] n Ïáõë³Ý³ó í³Ýù, nutmeg [΄nΛtmeg] n ÙßÏÁÝÏáõÛ½:
Ïáõë³Ýáó: nutria [΄nju:triə] n ϻݹ. ׳Ñ׳ÏáõÕμ,
nuptial [΄nΛp∫l] n, a ѳñë³ÝÇù. ѳñë³- Ýáõïñdz:
ݻϳÝ, ³ÙáõëݳϳÝ: nutrient [΄nju:triənt] a ëÝݹ³ñ³ñ ÝÛáõÃ,
nurse [nə:s] n ÍÍÙ³Ûñ, ¹³Û³Ï, ëïÝïáõ. ëÝáõݹ, Ï»ñ:
μáõÅùáõÛñ (ݳ¨ trained ~). male ~ ïÕ³Ù³ñ¹ nutrition [nju΄tri∫n] n ëÝáõݹ, ëÝáõóáõÙ,
μáõųß˳ïáÕ. district ~ ßñç³Ý³ÛÇÝ μáõ- Ï»ñ³ÏñáõÙ:
ųÏ: nutritional, nutritious, nutritive
nurse [nə:s] v Ï»ñ³Ïñ»É, ëÝáõó»É (»ñ»Ë³- [nju΄tri∫nəl, nju΄tri∫əs, ΄nju:trətiv] a ëÝݹ³-
ÛÇÝ). ~ a child »ñ»Ë³ÛÇÝ ÏñÍùáí Ï»ñ³Ïñ»É. ñ³ñ, ëÝáõóÇã. óñÙ:
~ a patient/ plants ËÝ³Ù»É ÑÇí³Ý¹ÇÝ/ nutshell [΄nΛt∫el] n ÁÝÏáõÛ½Ç Ï»Õ¨. in a ~
μáõÛë»ñÇÝ. ~ smb back to health ³éáÕç³óÝ»É, ϳñ×, »ñÏáõ μ³éáí. put it in a ~ ϳñ×
áïùÇ Ï³Ý·Ý»óÝ»É. He is at home nursing ³ë³Í:
a cold ܳ ï³ÝÝ ¿ª áõÅ»Õ Ñ³ñμáõË áõÝÇ. ~ nutting [΄nΛtiŋ] n ÁÝÏáõÛ½Ç Ñ³í³ùáõÙÁ,
resentment/wrath ÷Ëμ. áËÁ å³Ñ»É. ~ a ÁÝÏáõÛ½ ѳí³ù»ÉÁ:
hope ÷Ëμ. ÑáõÛë ÷³Û÷³Û»É. to ~ in nut tree [΄nΛt‚tri:] n åݹáõÏ»ÝÇ. Ã÷³-
London ÈáݹáÝáõÙ áñå»ë μáõÅùáõÛñ ³ß˳- ϳÕÝÇ:
ï»É: nutty [΄nΛti] a ÁÝÏáõ½³Ñ³Ù. ËëÏó. ßù»Õ,
nurse-child [΄nə:st∫aild] n ë³Ý, Ñá·»½³- å×ݳÙáɳϳÝ. ˻ɳé, óݹ³Í:
í³Ï, áñ¹»·Çñ: nutwood [΄nΛtwud] n Ã÷³Ï³ÕÝáõï, ÁÝ-
nurseling [΄nə:sliŋ] ÍÍÏ»ñ »ñ»Ë³. Ù³ïÕ³ß Ïáõ½»Ýáõ ÷³Ûï:
μáõÛë: nuzzle [΄nΛzl] v Ñáï ù³ß»É, Ñáïáï»É (ßÝ»-
nurse-maid [΄nə:smeid] n ¹³Û³Ï: ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ). ÑáÕÁ ÷áñ»É (ùÃáí. ¹Ýãáí):
nursery [΄nə:sri] n Ù³Ýϳë»ÝÛ³Ï. μáõͳ- nylon [΄nailɒn] n, a ݳÛÉáÝ. ݳÛÉáÝ». ~s
ñ³Ý, ïÝϳñ³Ý. public ~ Ù³ÝϳÙëáõñ. ~ ݳÛÉáÝ» ·áõÉå³Ý»ñ:
school Ù³Ýϳå³ñ﻽. ~ rhymes Ù³Ýϳ- nymph [nimf] n ѳí»ñųѳñë. μÝëï.
Ï³Ý áï³Ý³íáñ. ~ slopes Ùñ½. ɳÝç»ñ ëÇñáõÝ ³ÕçÇÏ:
560

O
O, o [əu] n ³Ý·É»ñ»Ý ³Ûμáõμ»ÝÇ 15-ñ¹ ï³éÁ obdurate [΄ɒbdjurət] a ϳٳÏáñ, ѳٳé,
an ~ / a round ~ ÏÉáñ Ýß³Ý, ½ñá: ³ÝÑá·Ç. be ~ in one’s refusal ѳٳéáñ»Ý
O! [əu] int ú, ³¯Ë, O, dear me! ²¯Ë, ²ëïí³°Í Ññ³Å³ñí»É:
ÇÙ: obedience [ə΄bi:diəns] n Ñݳ½³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝ,
oak [əuk] n, a ϳÕÝÇ. ϳÕÝáõ ÷³Ûï³ÝÛáõÃ. Ñå³ï³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. in ~ to ѳٳӳÛÝ. act in ~
ϳÕÝÇ. ϳÕÝáõó, ϳÕÝáõó å³ïñ³ëï³Í, to smb’s orders ·áñÍ»É Ù»ÏÇ Ññ³Ù³ÝÝ»ñÇ/
dwarf ~ ýáõÏ Ï³ÕÝÇ: ϳñ·³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝ. show ~
oaken [΄əukən] a ϳÕÝ», ϳÕÝáõ: Ñݳ½³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝ óáõÛó ï³É/óáõó³μ»ñ»É.
oar [ɔ:] 1. n ÃdzÏ, ÃÇ. pull an ~ Ãdzí³ñ»É. demand total ~ ³ÝËáë Ñݳ½³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝ å³-
rest on one’s ~s ÷Ëμ. ¹³÷ÝÇÝ»ñÇ íñ³ ѳÝç»É:
ѳݷã»É. have an ~in everyman’s boat ÷Ëμ. obedient [ə΄bi:diənt] a Ñݳ½³Ý¹, ÑÉáõ:
áõñÇßÇ ·áñÍ»ñÇ Ù»ç ˳éÝí»É. put one’s ~ in obedisance [əu΄beisns] 1. n ѳñ·³Ýù, Ù»-
÷Ëμ. ùÇÃÁ áõñÇßÇ ·áñÍ»ñÇ Ù»ç ËáûÉ. a ͳñ³Ýù. do/make/pay ~ ѳñ·³Ýù Ù³ïáõ-
good/ practised ~ ɳí/÷áñÓí³Í Ãdzí³ñ. 2. ó»É. 2. v ѳñ·³ÉÇó áÕçáõÛÝ (·ÉáõËÁ Ëá-
v Ãdzí³ñ»É: ݳñÑ»Éáí):
oared [ɔ:d] a Ãdzíáñ, Ãdzϳíáñ: obelisk [΄ɒbəlisk] n ÏáÃáÕ, ûμ»ÉÇëÏ:
oarlock [΄ɔ:lɔk] n ÃdzϳÉ, ÃdzÝóù: obese [əu΄bi:s] a ·»ñ, ã³Õ, Ù³ñÙÝ»Õ:
oarsman [΄ɔ:zmən] n Ãdzí³ñ: obesity [əu΄bi:səti] n ·ÇñáõÃÛáõÝ, Ù³ñÙÝ»-
oasis [əu΄eisis] n û³½Çë: ÕáõÃÛáõÝ:
oat [əut] n í³ñë³Ï. feel one’s ~s Çñ áõÅÁ obey [ə΄bei] v Ñݳ½³Ý¹í»É, Ñå³ï³Ïí»É,
½·³É. áõñ³Ë /³ßËáõÛÅ ÉÇÝ»É. saw one’s wild »ÝóñÏí»É. ~ one’s parents/the law. Ñݳ-
~s ÷Ëμ. ç³Ñ»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É. »ñÇï³ë³ñ- ½³Ý¹í»É ÍÝáÕÝ»ñÇÝ. »ÝóñÏí»É ûñ»ÝùÇÝ.
¹³Ï³Ý ÙáÉáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ ³ÝÓݳïáõñ ~ orders ϳñ·³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ/Ññ³Ù³Ý ϳ-
ÉÇÝ»É: ï³ñ»É. ~ common sense Éë»É/»ÝóñÏí»É
oatcake [΄əutkeik] n í³ñë³ÏÇ μÉÇÃ: ³éáÕç μ³Ý³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³ÝÁ. They command,
oatflakes [΄əut‚fleiks] n í³ñë³ÏÇ ÷³ÃÇÉ, we ~ Üñ³Ýù Ññ³Ù³ÛáõÙ »Ý, Ù»Ýù »ÝóñÏ-
û÷áõÏ: íáõÙ »Ýù:
oath [əuθ] n »ñ¹áõÙ. administer an ~ »ñ¹í»ó- obituary [ə΄bit∫juəri] n ~ notice ٳѳ½¹,
Ý»É. under/on ~ »ñ¹Ù³Ùμ, »ñ¹í»Éáí. Hippo- ٳѳËáë³Ï³Ý, ¹³Ùμ³Ý³Ï³Ý:
cratic ~ ÐÇåáÏñ³ïÇ »ñ¹áõÙ. make/take/swaer object [΄ɒbdзikt] n Çñ, ³é³ñϳ, ûμÛ»Ïï.
an ~ »ñ¹í»É, »ñ¹áõÙ ï³É. break/violate one’s ~ in space ³é³ñϳ ïÇ»½»ñùáõÙ. a strange ~
~ »ñ¹áõÙÁ ˳Ëï»É. put smb on ~ ½ÇÝ., ï³ñûñÇÝ³Ï ³é³ñϳ. an unidentified flying
Çñ³í. ѳݹÇë³íáñ »ñ¹áõÙ ï³ÉÁ. ~ of alle- ~ (UFO) ãѳÛïݳμ»ñí³Í ÃéãáÕ ûμÛ»Ïï
giance ½ÇÝíáñ³Ï³Ý »ñ¹áõÙ. be bound by ~ (âÂú). become an ~ of ridicule ͳÕñÇ ³é³ñ-
»ñ¹áõÙáí ϳåí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. swear it on ~ ϳ ¹³éݳÉ. A nice ~ you look ! ÍÕñ. ÐáÛ³-
»ñ¹í»É. (³Ý»Íù, ݽáíù, ѳÛÑáÛ³Ýù) mutter ϳ¯å ï»ëù áõÝ»ë. (Ýå³ï³Ï) ~ of expendi-
an ~ under one’s breath ùÃÇ ï³Ï ³Ý»Íù/ѳÛ- ture ͳËë»ñÇ Ýå³ï³ÏÁ. the ~ of my visit
ÑáÛ³Ýù ùñÃÙÝç³É. judical ~ »ñ¹áõÙ ¹³ï³- ÇÙ ³Ûó»ÉáõÃÛ³Ý Ýå³ï³ÏÁ. have no ~ in life
ñ³ÝnõÙ: ÏÛ³ÝùáõÙ Ýå³ï³Ï ãáõݻݳÉ. Cost is no ~
oath-breaking [΄əuθ‚breikiŋ] n »ñ¹Ùݳ- ¶ÇÝÁ Ý߳ݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ ãáõÝÇ. ù»ñ. ËݹÇñ di-
½³ÝóáõÃÛáõÝ: rect/indirect ~ áõÕÇÕ/³ÝáõÕÕ³ÏÇ ËݹÇñ. ~
oatmeal [΄əutmi:l] n í³ñë³ÏÇ ³ÉÛáõñ/ßÇɳ: lesson ¹ÇïáճϳÝ/½ÝÝáÕ³Ï³Ý ¹³ë/ûñÇ-
obduracy [΄ɒbdjurəsi] n Ëëï³ëñïáõÃÛáõÝ, ݳÏ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ oriented ûμÛ»ÏïÝ»ñÇÝ ÏáÕÙÝá-
ϳٳÏáñáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳٳéáõÃÛáõÝ: ñáßí³Í. ~ code ûμÛ»Ïï³ÛÇÝ Ïá¹/Íñ³·Çñ. ~
object 561 oblivious

computer Ýå³ï³Ï³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Çã. ~ obligation [‚ɒbli΄gei∫n] n å³ñï³íáñáõ-


language ûμÛ»Ïï³ÛÇÝ (óñ·Ù³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý) ÃÛáõÝ, å³ñï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. fulfill one’s ~
É»½áõ: å³ñï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ϳï³ñ»É. undertake
object [əb΄dзekt] v ³é³ñÏ»É, ѳϳ׳é»É. I ~s å³ñï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ í»ñóÝ»É. under ~
~ »ë ¹»Ù »Ù. ~ most strongly Ëëïáñ»Ý ѳ- å³ñï³íáñí³Í ~s under contract å³ñï³-
ϳ׳é»É. It will be ~ed ¸ñ³Ý ¹»Ù ÏÉÇÝ»Ý. íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ Áëï/ѳٳӳÛÝ å³ÛÙ³-
Do you ~ my smoking? ¸»Ù ã»±ù, »Ã» »ë ݳ·ñÇ. be under an ~ to smb Ù»ÏÇÝ å³ñ-
ÍË»Ù. I don’t ~ to a drink ØÇ μ³Å³ÏÇó (ûÛ, ï³Ï³Ý ÉÇÝ»É. ~ of conscience ËÕ×Ç
ëáõñ×, ³ÉÏáÑáÉ) ã»Ù Ññ³Å³ñíÇ: å³ñïù/å³ñï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ.:
object-finder [΄ɒbdзikt‚faində] n ÉëÝÏ. ï»- obligatory [ə΄bligətəri] a å³ñï³¹Çñ. å³ñ-
ë³¹³ßï áñáÝáÕ Ñ³ñÙ³ñ³Ýù: ï³íáñ»óÝáÕ, ѳñϳ¹ñáÕ. attendance is ~
object-glass [΄ɒbdзiktgla:s] n ÉëÝÏ. oμÛ»Ï- ѳ׳ËáõÙÁ å³ñï³¹Çñ ¿. ~ bill å³ñï³-
ïÇí:
ÙáõñѳÏ. ~ insurance å³ñï³¹Çñ ³å³Ñá-
objection [əb΄dзek∫n] n ³é³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ, μá- í³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
Õáù. take/have an ~ ³é³ñÏ»É, ѳϳ׳é»É,
oblige [ə΄blaidз] v å³ñï³íáñ»óÝ»É. be ~d
³é³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ. Nobody made any
å³ñï³íáñ ÉÇÝ»É. feel ~d å³ñï³íáñ
~s àã áù ã³é³ñÏ»ó.
½·³É. You are not ~d ¸áõù å³ñï³íáñ ã»ù.
objectionable [əb΄dзek∫nəbl] a ³é³ñÏ»ÉÇ, (ëÇñ³ÉÇñáõÃÛáõÝ/ßÝáñÑ ³Ý»É) I did it to ~ him
ѳϳ׳é»ÉÇ. ïѳ×, ³Ý³ËáñÅ. ³Ýó³Ý-
ºë ¹³ Ýñ³Ý ßÝáñÑ ³ñ»óÇ. Could you ~ me
ϳÉÇ. íÇ×»ÉÇ. an ~ man/smell/child ïѳ×
with a cigarette? ÞÝáñÑ ³ñ»ù, ÇÝÓ ÙÇ
³ÝÓݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ. ½½í»ÉÇ Ñáï. ³Ýï³Ý»ÉÇ
·É³Ý³Ï ïí»ù. ~ a friend ÁÝÏ»ñáçÁ ͳé³-
»ñ»Ë³. a thoroughly ~ behaviour ËÇëï ¹³-
ÛáõÃÛáõÝ Ù³ïáõó»É. (å³ñï³Ï³Ý ÉÇÝ»É) be
ï³å³ñï»ÉÇ í³ñù(³·ÇÍ):
much ~d for advice ËáñÑñ¹Ç ѳٳñ ß³ï
objective [əb΄dзektiv]1. n Ýå³ï³Ï,
å³ñï³Ï³Ý ÉÇÝ»É. I don’t want to be ~d
Ó·ïáõÙ, ËݹÇñ. the ~ of the research Ñ»ï³-
â»Ù áõ½áõÙ å³ñï³Ï³Ý/å³ñï³íáñí³Í
½áïáõÃÛ³Ý Ýå³ï³ÏÁ. with this ~ in view
³Ûë Ýå³ï³Ïáí. ù»ñ. ûμÛ»Ïï³ÛÇÝ ÑáÉáí ÉÇÝ»É:
(ݳ¨ ~ case). ÉëÝÏ. ûμÛ»ÏïÇí. 2. a Çñ³- obliging [ə΄blaidзiŋ] a uÇñ³ÉÇñ, å³ïñ³ë-
ϳÝáñ»Ý ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»óáÕ, ûμÛ»ÏïÇí. ï³Ï³Ù:
³Ý³ã³é, ³ÝÏáÕÙݳϳÉ. ~ test ×ßÙ³ñÇï oblique [ə΄bli:k] 1. a ûù, ß»Õ, Íáõé. ÷Ëμ.
ã³÷³ÝÇß: ½³ñïáõÕÇ, áã ßÇï³Ï. ù»ñ. ³ÝáõÕÕ³ÏÇ ~
objectivity [‚ɒbdзek΄tivəti] n ûμÛ»ÏïÇíáõ- case ³ÝáõÕÕ³ÏÇ/ûù ÑáÉáí. an ~ angle Ù³Ã.
ÃÛáõÝ, ³ÝÏáÕÙݳϳÉáõÃÛáõÝ: ߻ճÝÏÛáõÝ. an ~ reference ³ÝáõÕÕ³ÏÇ
objectless [΄ɒbdзiktləs] a ³Ý³é³ñϳ, ³Ý- ÑÕáõÙ. 2. v ß»Õí»É, ûùí»É:
Ýå³ï³Ï: obliquity [ə΄blikwəti] n ß»ÕáõÙ, ËáïáñáõÙ.
objector [əb΄dзektə] n conscienscious ~ ù³- ÷Ëμ. áõÕÇÕ ×³Ý³å³ñÑÇó ß»Õí»ÉÁ. ½³ñ-
Õ³ù³Ï³Ý/ÏñáÝ³Ï³Ý ß³ñųéÇÃÝ»ñáí ïáõÕÇ ×³Ý³å³ñÑÇÝ ¹ÇÙ»ÉÁ. ß»ÕáõÙ ÁÝ-
½ÇÝíáñ³Ï³Ý ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÇó Ññ³Å³ñíáÕ ¹áõÝí³Í ϳÝáÝÝ»ñÇó/ÝáñÙ»ñÇó:
³ÝÓ: obliterate [ə΄blitəreit] v çÝç»É, Ù³ùñ»É,
objurgate [΄ɒbdзəgeit] v Ïßï³Ùμ»É, ѳÝ- áãÝã³óÝ»É. The town was completely ~d ø³-
¹ÇٳݻÉ: Õ³ùÁ ÉñÇí ³í»ñí³Í ¿ñ/ÏáñͳÝí³Í. The
objurgation [‚ɒbdзə΄gei∫n] n Ïßï³Ùμ³Ýù, text is ~d here ²Ûë ѳïí³ÍáõÙ ï»ùëïÁ ãÇ
ѳݹÇÙ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: å³Ñå³Ýí»É/çÝçí»É ¿. ~ footprints Çñ³í.
objurgatory [ɒb΄dзə:gətəri] a ѳݹÇÙ³- áïݳѻïù»ñÁ í»ñ³óÝ»É/Ù³ùñ»É:
ݳϳÝ, ݳ˳ï³ÉÇó: obliteration [ə‚blitə΄rei∫n] n áãÝã³óáõÙ,
oblation [ə΄blei∫n] n ½áѳμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ½áÑ. çÝçáõÙ:
ÝíÇñ³μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ÝíÇñ³ïíáõÃÛáõÝ: oblivion [ə΄bliviən] n Ùáé³óáõÙ. Çñ³í. Ý»-
obligate [΄ɒbligeit] v å³ñï³íáñ»óÝ»É, ñáõÙ, ѳٳݻñáõÙ. fall/pass/sink into ~ Ùáé³-
å³ñï³¹ñ»É: óáõÃÛ³Ý ïñí»É/Ù³ïÝí»É:
oblivious 562 obsession

oblivious [ə΄bliviəs] a Ùáé³óáÕ, Ùáé³óÏáï. rules »ñè»ÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³ÝáÝÝ»ñÇ å³Ñå³-


óñí³Í, ³Ýáõß³¹Çñ, ³Ýï³ñμ»ñ He was ~ of ÝáõÙ:
his surroundings ܳ ³Ýï³ñμ»ñ ¿ñ ßñç³- observant [əb΄zə:vnt] a áõß³¹Çñ. ûñÇ-
ϳÛùÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ. She was quite ~ of what ݳå³Ñ, ×ßï³å³Ñ:
was going on ܳ ã¿ñ ·Çï³ÏóáõÙ, û ßáõñçÝ observation [‚ɒbzə΄vei∫n] n ¹ÇïáõÙ,
ÇÝã ¿ ϳï³ñíáõÙ: ½ÝÝáõÙ, ÑëÏáõÙ. ¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ of habits
oblong [΄ɒblɒŋ] a »ñϳñ³íáõÝ: ëáíáñáõÛÃÝ»ñÇ ¹ÇïáõÙ/áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõ-
obloquy [΄ɒbləkwi] n íÇñ³íáñ³Ýù, ˳Û- ÃÛáõÝ. scientific ~s ·Çï³Ï³Ý áõëáõÙݳëÇ-
ï³é³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ý³ñ·³Ýù: ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. This escaped ~ ê³ íñÇå»ó Ñ»-
obnoxious [əb΄nɒk∫əs] a ½½í»ÉÇ, ³Ýï³Ý»- ï³½áïáõÙÇó. be under police/medical ~
ÉÇ, íÇñ³íáñ³Ï³Ý. ~ person ½½í»ÉÇ ³ÝÓݳ- ·ïÝí»É áëïÇϳÝáõÃÛ³Ý/μÅÇßÏÝ»ñÇ ÑëÏá-
íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ conduct ³Ýå³ñÏ»ßï í³ñù³- ÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ý»ñùá. ~ of a law ûñ»ÝùÇ å³Ñå³-
·ÇÍ: ÝáõÙ:
oboe [΄əubəu] n ÑáμáÛ (÷áÕ³íáñ »ñ³Åßï³- observations [‚ɒbzə΄vei∫ns] n ¹Çï³ñÏáõÙ-
Ï³Ý ·áñÍÇù): Ý»ñ, áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝù-
obscene [əb΄si:n] a ³Ýå³ñÏ»ßï, ³Ýí³Û»É, Ý»ñ, ¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. ~ in reply å³ï³ë-
˳Ûï³é³Ï: Ë³Ý ¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. ~ on the merits
obscenity [əb΄senəti] n ³Ýå³ïϳéáõÃÛáõÝ, Áëï ¿áõÃÛ³Ý ¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. submit writ-
³Ýå³ñÏ»ßïáõÃÛáõÝ. ѳÛÑáÛ³Ýù. he mut- ten ~ ·ñ³íáñ ¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ Ý»ñϳ۳ó-
tered some ~ ܳ ÇÝã-áñ ѳÛÑáÛ³Ýù Ý»É:
ùñÃÙÝç³ó. criminal ~ ùñ»áñ»Ý å³ïÅ»ÉÇ observatory [əb΄zə:vətri] n ³ëïÕ³¹Çï³-
³Ýå³ïϳéáõÃÛáõÝ: ñ³Ý, ¹Çï³Ï»ï:
obscure [əb΄skjuə] a ÙáõÃ, ˳í³ñ. ³Ý- observe [əb΄zə:v] v ¹Çï»É, áõëáõÙݳëÇñ»É,
å³ñ½. ³ÝѳÛï. ã׳ݳãí³Í. an ~ corner ½ÝÝ»É. ~ the behaviour of bees Ù»ÕáõÝ»ñÇ
ÙáõÃ/˳í³ñ ³ÝÏÛáõÝ. The meaning is ~ í³ñùÁ áõëáõÙݳëÇñ»É. ~ the progress of the
ÆÙ³ëïÁ å³ñ½ ã¿. an ~ poet ùÇã ѳÛïÝÇ μ³- game Ñ»ï¨»É Ë³ÕÇ ÁÝóóùÇÝ. ~ proprieties
ݳëï»ÕÍ: å³ïß³×áõÃÛáõÝ å³Ñå³Ý»É. He was ~d
obscure [əb΄skjuə] v ÙÃÝ»óÝ»É, Ùó·Ý»É, leaving the house î»ë»É ¿ÇÝ, áñ ݳ Ñ»é³ÝáõÙ
³Õáï³óÝ»É. The trees ~d our view ̳é»ñÁ ¿ñ ïÝÇó. Allow me to ~ ÂáõÛÉ ïí»ù ³ë»É/
÷³ÏáõÙ ¿ÇÝ ï»ë³ñ³ÝÁ. The moon was ~d Ýϳï»É. /å³Ñ»É, å³Ñå³Ý»É, ϳï³ñ»É/ ~
by clouds ²Ùå»ñÁ å³ï»É/ͳÍÏ»É ¿ÇÝ Éáõ- a birthday/an anniversary ÍÝáõݹÁ/ï³ñ»¹³ñ-
ëÇÝÁ. ~ the issue ·áñÍÁ μ³ñ¹³óÝ»É: ÓÁ Ýß»É/ϳï³ñ»É. ~ silence ÉéáõÃÛáõÝ å³Ñ-
obscurit/y [əb΄skjuərəti] n ˳í³ñ. ³Ýѳë- å³Ý»É. ~ the speed limit ³ñ³·áõÃÛ³Ý ë³Ñ-
ϳݳÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ. ³ÝѳÛïáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ÝÝϳ- Ù³ÝÁ ã˳Ëï»É:
ï»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ. live in ~ ÷Ëμ. ³ÝѳÛïáõÃÛ³Ý observer [əb΄zə:və] n ¹ÇïáÕ, ¹Çïáñ¹,
Ù»ç ³åñ»É. The passage is full of ~ies ²Ûë
ÑëÏáÕ. ~ delegate ¹Çïáñ¹ å³ï·³Ù³íáñ. ~
ѳïí³ÍáõÙ ß³ï ÙáõÃ/³Ýå³ñ½ ï»Õ»ñ
status ¹Çïáñ¹Ç ϳñ·³íÇ׳Ï:
ϳÝ:
obsess [əb΄ses] v Ñ³Ù³Ï»É (í³Ë, ë³ñë³÷).
obsequies [΄ɒbsəkwiz] n óÕÙ³Ý ÍÇë³- Ñ»ï³åݹ»É, ï³Ýç»É. ѳݷÇëï ãï³É. This
ϳñ·, ÑáõÕ³ñϳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ:
thought ~ed him ²Ûë ÙÇïùÁ Ñ³Ù³Ï»É ¿ñ
obsequious [əb΄si:kwiəs] a ùÍÝáÕ, ëïáñ³- Ýñ³Ý. be ~ed by a feeling of guilt Ù»ÕùÇ
ù³ñß:
½·³óáõÙÇó ï³Ýçí»É£
observable [əb΄zə:vəbl] a Ýϳï»ÉÇ. ÝßÙ³-
ñ»ÉÇ. ¹Çï³ñųÝ, áõß³·ñ³í:
obsession [əb΄se∫n] n ÙáÉ»·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ѳ-
Ù³Ïí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. 먻éáõÝ ·³Õ³÷³ñ. It has
observance [əb΄zə:vns] n Í»ë, ÍÇë³Ï³ñ·.
become an ~ with him ¸³ Ýñ³ ѳٳñ ¹³ñ-
(ûñ»ÝùÇ, ëáíáñáõÛÃÇ) å³ÑáõÙ, ϳï³ñáõÙ.
Ó»É ¿ñ 먻éáõÝ ·³Õ³÷³ñ. He’s got an ~
~ of rules ϳÝáÝÝ»ñÇ å³Ñå³ÝáõÙ. religious
about fresh air سùáõñ û¹Á Ýñ³ ÃáõÉáõÃÛáõÝÝ
~s ÏñáÝ³Ï³Ý Í»ë»ñ. ~ of an anniversary
ï³ñ»¹³ñÓÇ Ï³ï³ñáõÙ/ÝßáõÙ. ~ of traffic ¿:
obsessive 563 occasion

obsessive [əb΄sesiv] a 먻éáõÝ, ÏåãáõÝ, another copy Ù»Ï ³ÛÉ ûñÇÝ³Ï Ó»éù μ»ñ»É. ~
Ó³ÝÓñ³óÝáÕ: by blackmail ßáñÃáõÙáí Ó»éù μ»ñ»É. (áõÅÇ
obsolescent [‚ɒbsə΄lesnt] a μ³ñáÛ³å»ë Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É, ÏÇñ³éí»É) The rule no longer ~s
Ñݳó³Í/Ù³ßí³Í: γÝáÝÁ ³Ûɨë áõÅ ãáõÝÇ. The custom still ~s
obsolete [΄ɒbsəli:t] a Ñݳó³Í, áã ·áñͳ- ²Û¹ ëáíáñáõÛÃÁ ¹»é¨ë ÏÇñ³éíáõÙ ¿. under
ͳϳÝ. ~ words ·áñͳÍáõÃÛáõÝÇó ¹áõñë conditions then ~ing ³ÛÝ Å³Ù³Ý³Ïí³ å³Û-
»Ï³Í μ³é»ñ. Ï»Ýë. ûñ³×, éáõ¹ÇÙ»Ýï³ñ. Ù³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»óáÕ. ~ experience
~ norm Ñݳó³Í ÝáñÙ/ϳÝáÝ: ÷áñÓ Ó»éù μ»ñ»É. ~ recognition ׳ݳãáõÙ
obstacle [΄ɒbstəkl] n ³ñ·»Éù, ËáãÁݹáï. be ëï³Ý³É/Ó»éù μ»ñ»É£
an ~ ³ñ·»Éù ѳݹÇë³Ý³É. unforseen ~ obtainable [əb΄teinəbl] a ѳë³Ý»ÉÇ, Ñݳ-
ãݳ˳ï»ëí³Í ËáãÁݹáï. overcome/sur- ñ³íáñ, Ù³ïã»ÉÇ. It’s ~ at any shop ²ÛÝ Ï³-
mount ~s ³ñ·»ÉùÝ»ñÁ ѳÕóѳñ»É. throw~ ñ»ÉÇ ¿ ·Ý»É ó³Ýϳó³Í ˳ÝáõÃáõÙ. It’s not
in one’s way ³ñ·»ÉùÝ»ñ ѳñáõó»É/ëï»ÕÍ»É. ~ anywhere ²ÛÝ áã ÙÇ ï»Õ ãÇ ×³ñíáõÙ:
put ~s in smb’s path Ù»ÏÇ ×³Ý³å³ñÑÇÝ obtrude [əb΄tru:d] v μéÝÇ ÁݹáõÝ»É ï³É.
³ñ·»ÉùÝ»ñ ¹Ý»É. ~ race ËáãÁݹáïÝ»ñáí í½ÇÝ ÷³Ã³Ã»É. ~ one’s opinion Çñ ϳñÍÇùÁ
í³½ù: Ù»ÏÇ í½ÇÝ ÷³Ã³Ã»É:
obstetrician [‚ɒbstə΄tri∫n] n Ù³Ýϳμ³ñÓ/ obtrusive [əb΄tru:siv] a ³Ý»ñ»ë, ÏåãáõÝ,
Ù³Ýϳμ³ñÓáõÑÇ: Ó³ÝÓñ³óÝáÕ:
obstetrics [əb΄stetriks] n Ù³Ýϳμ³ñÓáõ- obturate [΄ɒbtjureit] v ÷³Ï»É, Ëó³Ý»É:
ÃÛáõÝ: obturator [΄ɒbtjureitə] n Ëó³Ý, Ëó³Ï.
obstinacy [΄ɒbstinəsi] n ѳٳéáõÃÛáõÝ, ÉëÝÏ. ÷³Ï³Ý³Ï:
ϳٳÏáñáõÃÛáõÝ. ѳëï³ï³Ï³ÙáõÃÛáõÝ: obtuse [əb΄tju:s] a μáõÃ, μóͳÛñ. ³Ýѳë-
obstinate [΄ɒbstinət] a ѳٳé, ϳٳÏáñ, ϳóáÕ, μóÙÇï:
³ÝÏáïñáõÙ. be ~ in one’s refusal ѳٳéáñ»Ý obverse [΄ɒbvə:s] 1. n »ñ»ë³ÏáÕÙ. (¹ñ³ÙÇ)
Ññ³Å³ñí»É. put up an ~ resistance Ñ³Ù³é »ñ»ë. 2. a ÷Ëμ. ѳϳ¹³ñÓ, ѳϳé³Ï,
¹ÇÙ³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ óáõÛó ï³É: ѳϳ¹Çñ:
obstreperous [əb΄strepərəs] a ³ÕÙϳñ³ñ, obviate [΄ɒbvieit] v Ëáõë³÷»É, ËáõÛë ï³É,
³ÝѳݷÇëï, ³Ý½áõëå. Children are ϳÝË»É, ³é³çÝ ³éÝ»É. ~ the difficulty
very ~ today ºñ»Ë³Ý»ñÝ ³Ûëûñ ß³ï ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³é³çÝ ³éÝ»É/ѳÕóѳ-
³ÕÙÏáï »Ý: ñ»É:
obstruct [əb΄strΛkt] v ÷³Ï»É, ³ñ·»É»É, obvious [΄ɒbviəs] a ³ÏÝѳÛï, μ³ó³Ñ³Ûï,
˳ݷ³ñ»É. ~ the road/view ׳ݳå³ñÑÁ/ å³ñ½. ~ disappointment ³ÏÝѳÛï Ñdzëó-
ï»ë³ñ³ÝÁ ÷³Ï»É. ~ traffic »ñè»ÏáõÃÛáõ- ÷áõÃÛáõÝ. The reason is ~ ä³ï׳éÁ å³ñ½
ÝÁ ÷³Ï»É/Ëó³Ý»É. ~ legal procedure Çñ³í. ¿. ~ misunderstanding ³ÏÝѳÛï ÃÛáõñÇÙ³óáõ-
˳ݷ³ñ»É ¹³ï³í³ñáõÃÛ³ÝÁ. ~ an oppo- ÃÛáõÝ. become more and more ~ ³í»ÉÇ áõ
nent Ùñ½. Ùñó³ÏóÇÝ áõÕ»÷³Ï»É/áõջϳ- ³í»ÉÇ μ³ó³Ñ³Ûï ¹³éݳÉ. He is the ~ man
å»É: ²ÏÝѳÛïáñ»Ý ¹³ Ñ»Ýó ³ÛÝ Ù³ñ¹Ý ¿. You’re
obstruction [əb΄strΛk∫n] n ÷³ÏáõÙ, ˳- just stating the ~ ¸áõù μ³ó³Ñ³Ûï ×ßÙ³ñïáõ-
÷³ÝáõÙ, ³ñ·»Éù, ËáãÁݹáï. The lorry was ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ »ù ³ëáõÙ:
causing an ~ ´»éݳï³ñ Ù»ù»Ý³Ý ÷³Ï»É ¿ñ obviously [΄ɒbviəsli] adv ³ÏÝѳÛï, μ³ó³-
׳ݳå³ñÑÁ: ѳÛï. be ~ upset ³ÏÝѳÛïáñ»Ý Ñáõ½í³Í/
obstructive [əb΄strΛktiv] a ˳ݷ³ñáÕ, íßï³ó³Í ÉÇÝ»É. She wasn’t ~ upset ܳ μá-
³ñ·»É³ÏáÕ, ËáãÁݹáïáÕ. Why are you ÉáñáíÇÝ ¿É Ñáõ½í³Í ã¿ñ »ñ¨áõÙ:
being so ~? ÆÝãá±õ »ù ³Û¹åÇëÇ ³ñ·»ÉùÝ»ñ occasion [ə΄keiзn] n ¹»åù, Ñݳñ³íáñáõ-
ëï»ÕÍáõÙ. ~ tactics ËáãÁݹáïáÕ Ù³ñï³- ÃÛáõÝ, ѳݷ³Ù³Ýù. a special ~ ѳïáõÏ
í³ñáõÃÛáõÝ: ¹»åù. on ~ áñáß ¹»åù»ñáõÙ. ³éÇÃÁ Ý»ñϳ-
obtain [əb΄tein] v ëï³Ý³É, Ó»éù μ»ñ»É, ѳÛ- ۳ݳÉÇë. »ñμ»ÙÝ. improve/seize/take the ~
óÛûÉ. ~ permission/results ÃáõÛÉïíáõÃÛáõÝ ³éÇÃÇó û·ïí»É. on/upon all ~s ѳٻݳÛÝ
ëï³Ý³É. ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÇ Ñ³ëÝ»É/Ó»éù μ»ñ»É. ~ ¹»åë, ³Ù»Ý å³ñ³·³ÛáõÙ. rise to the ~
occasion 564 ocean

¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý μ³ñÓñáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³ ·ïÝí»É. There ñ³ëï ¿ μݳϻóÙ³Ý. right of ~ μݳÏáõÃÛ³Ý


is no ~ for... (áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ) ä³ï׳é/ Çñ³íáõÝù. (½μ³ÕÙáõÝù, Ù³ëݳ·Çïáõ-
ÐÇÙù ãϳ. on the ~ of å³ï׳éáí, ³éÇÃáí. ÃÛáõÝ) favourite/useful ~ ëÇñ»ÉÇ/û·ï³Ï³ñ
dinner on the ~ of ׳߅³éÇÃáí. Ñave the ~ ½μ³ÕÙáõÝù. What’s your ~ ƱÝã ¿ Ó»ñ Ù³ë-
³éÇà áõݻݳÉ. If the ~ arises ºÃ» ³ÝÑñ³- ݳ·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝÁ. a teacher by ~ ٳݳ·Çïáõ-
Å»ßïáõÃÛáõÝ Í³·Ç. (³Ý·³Ù) on many ~s ÃÛ³Ùμ ¹³ë³ïáõ. female-dominated ~s ϳ-
ß³ï ³Ý·³Ù/Ý»ñ. on another ~ Ù»Ï ³ÛÉ Ý³Ýó Ù³ëݳ·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. non-demand ~
³Ý·³Ù. have no ~ to complain μáÕáù»Éáõ å³Ñ³Ýç³ñÏ ãáõÝ»óáÕ Ù³ëݳ·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ-
å³ï׳é ãϳ. (Çñ³¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ýóù) Ý»ñ. unhealthy ~ ³éáÕçáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ íݳ-
celebrate the ~ Çñ³¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ýß»É. It was ë³Ï³ñ ½μ³ÕÙáõÝù:
quite an ~ ¸³ ÙÇ ³ÙμáÕç Çñ³¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝ occupational [‚ɒkju΄pei∫nəl] a Ù³ëݳ·Ç-
¿ñ. This is a great ~ ê³ Ý߳ݳϳÉÇó ï³Ï³Ý. an ~ disease Ù³ëݳ·Çï³Ï³Ý ÑÇ-
Çñ³¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝ ¿. for the ~ Çñ³¹³ñÓáõ- í³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝ. ~ therapy Ù³ëݳ·Çï³Ï³Ý
ÃÛ³Ý ³éÇÃáí. We’ve met on two ~s Ø»Ýù ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ μáõÅáõÙ/ϳÝ˳ñ·»-
»ñÏáõ ³Ý·³Ù/³éÇÃáí ѳݹÇå»É »Ýù. do ÉáõÙ. ~ health ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ ÑǷǻݳ:
what the ~ demands ³Ý»É ³ÛÝ, ÇÝã å³Ñ³Ý- occupier [΄ɒkjupaiə] n μݳÏÇã, í³ñÓ³-
çáõÙ »Ý ѳݷ³Ù³ÝùÝ»ñÁ. This is not the ~ ϳÉ:
ÐÇÙ³ (¹ñ³) ųٳݳÏÁ ã¿: occupy [΄ɒkjupai] v ½μ³Õ»óÝ»É, í³ñӳϳ-
occasion [ə΄keiзn] v ³éÇà ͳé³Û»É. å³ï- É»É. ~ a house/seat ïáõÝ/ï»Õ ½μ³Õ»óÝ»É. ~ a
׳é ѳݹÇë³Ý³É, ѳñáõó»É. That ~ed me to position å³ßïáÝ ½μ³Õ»óÝ»É/·ñ³í»É. (ïÇ-
be late ²Ñ³ û ÇÝãáõ, »ë áõß³ó³: ñ»É. ½³íûÉ) ~ a country/city »ñÏÇñ/ù³Õ³ù
occasional [ə΄keiзnəl] a å³ï³Ñ³Ï³Ý, áã ·ñ³í»É. The enemy occupied the village
Ùßï³Ï³Ý. ~ thunderstorm ѳ½í³¹»å/»ñ- ÂßݳÙÇÝ ·ñ³í»ó ·ÛáõÕÁ. ~ing forces
μ»ÙÝ ³Ùåñáå. an ~ visit å³ï³Ñ³Ï³Ý/ ½³íÃáÕ³Ï³Ý áõÅ»ñ. ½μ³Õ»óÝ»É (ÙÇïùÁ,
ѳ½í³¹»å ³Ûó»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ verses áñ¨¿ ųٳݳÏÁ) He was occupied with his thoughts
³éÇÃáí ·ñí³Í μ³Ý³ëï»ÕÍáõÃÛáõÝ: Üñ³Ý ½μ³Õ»óÝáõÙ ¿ÇÝ Çñ Ùïù»ñÁ. Are you
occasionally [ə΄keiзnəli] adv å³ï³Ñ³μ³ñ, occupied just now ¸áõù ÑÇÙ³ ½μ³Õí³±Í »ù.
»ñμ»ÙÝ, ѳ½í³¹»å. Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ³é ųٳ- His work occupied most of his time ²ß-
ݳÏ: ˳ï³ÝùÁ ½μ³Õ»óÝáõÙ ¿ñ Çñ ³ÙμáÕç
Occident [΄ɒksidənt] n ²ñ¨Ùáõïù, ²ñ¨- ųٳݳÏÁ. ~ a fitting place ³ñųÝÇ ï»Õ
ÙáõïùÇ »ñÏñÝ»ñ: ·ñ³í»É:
occidental [‚ɒksi΄dentl] a ³ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý: occur [ə΄kə:] v ï»ÕÇ áõݻݳÉ, å³ï³Ñ»É.
occlude [ə΄klu:d] v ÷³Ï»É, Ëó³Ý»É. ùÇÙ. When did this ~? º±ñμ ³Û¹ å³ï³Ñ»ó. It
ÏÉ³Ý»É (·³½»ñ): won’t ~ again ¸³ ³Ûɨë ãÇ ÏñÏÝíÇ. (Ùïùáí
occult [΄ɒkΛlt] a ͳÍáõÏ, ·³ÕïÝÇ, ËáñÑÁñ- ³ÝóÝ»É, ÙÇïù ͳ·»É) It ~red/never ~red to
¹³íáñ, ·³ÕïݳËáñÑáõñ¹. the ~ arts me Øïùáíë ³Ýó³í/»ñμ»ù ã¿ñ ³Ýó»É. should
·³ÕïݳËáñÑáõñ¹ ·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. the ~ the oportunity ~ »Ã» ³éÇà /Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ
·»ñμݳϳÝÁ, ³Ý¹ñ³ß˳ñÑÁ: Ý»ñϳ۳ݳ. If a vacancy ~s ºÃ» ó÷áõñ
occupancy [΄ɒkjupənsi] n ·ñ³íáõÙ, ½μ³- ï»Õ ÉÇÝÇ. (·ïÝí»É, ѳݹÇå»É) This plant ~s
Õ»óÝ»ÉÁ. ųٳݳϳíáñ ïÇñ³å»ïáõ- in many countries ²Ûë μáõÛëÁ ß³ï »ñÏñÝ»-
ÃÛáõÝ: ñáõÙ ¿ ѳݹÇåáõÙ:
occupant [΄ɒkjupənt] n μݳÏÇã, í³ñӳϳÉ. occurence [ə΄kΛrəns] n ¹»åù, ³Ýóù, å³-
½³íÃÇã. the ~s of the house ï³Ý μݳÏÇã- ï³Ñ³ñ. an every day ~ ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý »ñ¨áõÛÃ.
Ý»ñÁ. ~s of the car Ù»ù»Ý³ÛáõÙ Ýëï³ÍÝ»ñÁ: a strange ~ ï³ñûñÇÝ³Ï å³ï³Ñ³ñ. rare ~
occupation [‚ɒkju΄pei∫n] n ·ñ³íáõÙ, ïÇ- ѳ½í³¹»å »ñ¨áõÛÃ. be of common/frequent
ñáõÙ, ½³íÃáõÙ. temporary/military ~ ųٳ- ~ ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý/ѳ׳˳ÏÇ »ñ¨áõÛà ÉÇÝ»É.
ݳϳíáñ/é³½Ù³Ï³Ý ½³íÃáõÙ. ~ of the mutually exclusive ~s ÷áËμ³ó³éáÕ Çñ³-
country »ñÏñÇ ½³íÃáõÙ/·ñ³íáõÙ. (μݳϻ- ¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ:
óáõÙ) The house is ready for ~ îáõÝÁ å³ï- ocean [΄əu∫n] n ûíÏdzÝáë. ÷Ëμ. Ù»Í ù³Ý³-
ocean-going 565 off

ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. in the open ~ μ³ó ûíÏdzÝáëáõÙ. ³ÝÏ³Ë ³Ù»Ý ÇÝãÇó. What are the ~? ƱÝã
across the ~ ûíÏdzÝáëÇ ³ÛÝ ³÷ÇÝ. a drop in ß³Ýë»ñ ϳÝ. The ~ are that it will rain гí³-
the ~ ÙÇ Ï³ÃÇÉ ÍáíáõÙ. an ~ bed ûíÏdzÝáëÇ Ý³Ï³Ý ¿ª ³ÝÓñ¨ ·³. (·ñ³½) The ~ are ten to
ѳï³ÏÁ: one ʳճ·áõÙ³ñÁ Ù»ÏÇÝ ï³ëÝ ¿. What ~
ocean-going [΄əu∫n‚gəuiŋ] a ûíÏdzÝáë³ÛÇÝ do you suggest? ƱÝã ˳ճ·áõÙ³ñ »ù ³é³-
Ý³í£ ç³ñÏáõÙ. be at ~ ³Ýѳٻñ³ßË ÉÇÝ»É:
oceanic [‚əu∫i΄ænik] ûíÏdzÝáëÇ, ûíÏdzÝáë- ode [əud] n Ý»ñμáÕ, ·áí»ñ·:
Û³Ý: odious [΄əudiəs] a ³ï»ÉÇ, ·³ñß»ÉÇ, ½½í»ÉÇ.
ochre [΄əukə] n ûËñ³ (¹»ÕÇÝ/ϳñÙÇñ ѳÝ- ËÇëï ³Ýó³ÝϳÉÇ. an ~ man ½½í»ÉÇ Ù³ñ¹:
ù³ù³ñ). ¹»ÕÇÝ ·áõÛÝ. ËëÏó. ÷áÕ, áëÏÇ: odium [΄əudiəm] n ³ï»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ, Ïßï³Ù-
o‘clock [ə΄klɒk] adv ųÙ. at seven ~ in the μ³Ýù. ³Ý³ñ·³Ýù, ˳Ûï³é³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. It
evening »ñ»ÏáÛ³Ý Å³ÙÇ ÛáÃÇÝ: caused a great deal of ~ ¸³ Ñëϳ۳ϳÝ
octagon [΄ɒktəgən] n áõóÝÏÛáõÝ: ³ï»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ ³é³ç³óñ»ó£
octane [΄ɒktein] n ûÏï³Ý. high ~ petrol odorant [΄əudərənt] a Ñáï³í»ï, ³Ýáõ-
ûÏï³ÝÇ μ³ñÓñ ïáÏáëáí μ»Ý½ÇÝ: ß³Ñáï:
October [ɒk΄təubə] n, a ÑáÏï»Ùμ»ñ, odoriferous [‚əudə΄rifərəs] a ³Ýáõß³Ñáï,
ÑáÏï»Ùμ»ñÛ³Ý: ù³½óñ³μáõÛñ. μáõñ³í»ï:
octopus [΄ɒktəpəs] n ϻݹ. áõÃáïݳÝÇ, odorous [΄əudərəs] a ³Ýáõß³Ñáï, Ñáï³-
áõÃáïÝáõÏ: í»ï, μáõñ³í»ï:
ocular [΄ɒkjulə] n ³Ïݳå³ÏÇ, ûÏáõÉÛ³ñ: odour [΄əudə] n Ñáï, μáõñÙáõÝù. ÷Ëμ. û-
ocular [΄ɒkjulə] a ³ãùÇ, ³ÏݳÛÇÝ. ³Ïݳéáõ, è³ÏÇ Ñ³ÏáõÙ. ѳÙμ³í, Ñéã³Ï. be in bad ~
³ÏÝ»ñ¨. ~ proof ³ÏÝ»ñ¨ ³å³óáõÛó: í³ï Ñéã³Ï áõݻݳÉ:
oculist [΄ɒkjulist] n ³ÏݳμáõÅ, ûÏáõÉÇëï: odourless [΄əudələs] a ³ÝÑáï, Ñáï ãáõÝ»-
odd [ɒd] a Ï»Ýï. ~ numbers Ï»Ýï Ãí»ñ. ~ and óáÕ. This gas is ~ ²Ûë ·³½Á Ñáï ãáõÝÇ:
even ½áõÛ· áõ Ï»Ýï. ³Ý½áõÛ·, Ï»Ýï (Ó»éÝáó, of [ɒv, əv] prep å³ïϳݻÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ the hat ~
·áõÉå³ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ) an ~ glove Ï»Ýï Ó»éÝáó. (a my friend ÇÙ ÁÝÏ»ñáç ·É˳ñÏÁ. (³ÙμáÕçÇ
few) ~ volumes (ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ) ï³ñμ»ñ ѳïáñ- Ù³ë) a cup ~ tea ÙÇ ·³í³Ã ûÛ. none ~ the
Ý»ñ. (³í»Éáñ¹, ³í»ÉÇ) the ~ man out ³í»- paintings ÝϳñÝ»ñÇó áã Ù»ÏÁ. (Ñ»ÕÇݳÏ)
Éáñ¹ Ù³ñ¹Á. twenty ~ ùë³ÝÇó ÙÇ μ³Ý ¿É works ~ Shiller ÞÇÉÉ»ñÇ ·áñÍ»ñÁ/ëï»Õͳ-
³í»ÉÇ. (å³ï³Ñ³Ï³Ý) ~ jobs å³ï³Ñ³- ·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ. (å³ï׳é) He died ~
Ï³Ý ³ß˳ï³Ýù. at ~ moments/times »ñ- hunger ܳ ëáíÇó ٳѳó³í. (ͳ·áõÙ) a
μ»ÙÝ. ~ visitor å³ï³Ñ³Ï³Ý ³Ûó»Éáõ. bridge ~ wood ÷³Ûï» Ï³Ùáõñç. (·áñÍáÕ
(ï³ñûñÇݳÏ, ³Ýëáíáñ) an ~ sort of chap ³ÝÓ) How stupid ~ him! Æ°Ýã ÑÇÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ
ï³ñûñÇÝ³Ï ïÕ³. the ~ thing ï³ñûñÇÝ³Ï Ýñ³ ÏáÕÙÇó. a man ~ tact ï³Ïïáí Ù³ñ¹. a
μ³ÝÁ. How ~ ! ƯÝã ï³ñûñÇÝ³Ï ¿: man ~ genius ѳÝ׳ñ»Õ Ù³ñ¹. (ųٳݳÏ,
odd [ɒd] n ˳ݷ³ñnÕ Ñ³Ý·³Ù³Ýù, ËáãÁÝ- ï»Õ) ~ late í»ñç»ñë. ~ old í³Õáõó. (ù³Ý³Ï)
¹áï: a glass ~ milk ÙÇ μ³Å³Ï ϳÃ. (ϳå) a cousin
oddity [΄ɒdəti] n ï³ñûñÇݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ï³ñ- ~ my friend ÇÙ ÁÝÏ»ñáç ù»éáõ ïÕ³Ý. hard ~
ûñÇÝ³Ï ¹»åù. ½³ñٳݳÉÇ μ³Ý: hearing ɳí ãÉëáÕ. short ~ money ÷áÕÇ
oddly [΄ɒdli] adv ï³ñûñÇÝ³Ï Ï»ñåáí. ~ å³Ï³ëáõÃÛáõÝ. free ~ tax ãѳñÏíáÕ. de-
enough áñù³Ý ¿É ï³ñûñÇÝ³Ï ¿. They are ~ prived ~ rights Çñ³í³½áõñÏ:
like each other ¼³ñٳݳÉÇáñ»Ý/î³ñûñÇ- off [ɒf] a ³½³ï. an ~ day ѳݷëïÛ³Ý ûñ.
Ý³Ï Ï»ñåáí Çñ³ñ ÝÙ³Ý »Ý: (Ù»éÛ³É) in the ~ season Ù»éÛ³É ë»½áÝÇ Å³-
odds [ɒdz] n ï³ñμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ýѳí³ë³- ٳݳÏ. (³ç³ÏáÕÙÛ³Ý) ²Ý·ÉdzÛáõÙ. the
ñáõÃÛáõÝ. make ~s even ï³ñμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ í»- ~ side of the street ÷áÕáóÇ ³ç ÏáÕÙÁ. It’s one
ñ³óÝ»É. ~ and ends Ùݳóáñ¹Ý»ñ. It makes no of my ~ days ¸³ ÇÙ ³ÝѳçáÕ ûñ»ñÇó Ù»ÏÝ
~ ¸ñ³ÝÇó áãÇÝã ãÇ ÷áËíáõÙ. (ß³Ýë) The ¿:
~ were in our favour/against us гݷ³Ù³Ýù- off [ɒf] adv Ñ»éáõ, Ñ»é³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. a long
Ý»ñÁ Ù»ñ ¹»Ù/Ù»ñ û·ïÇÝ ¿ÇÝ. whatever the ~ way ~ Ñ»éáõ. ~ with you Ñ»é³ó»ù. He’s ~ to
ûff 566 office

London ܳ ÈáݹáÝ ¿ ·Ý³ó»É. voices ~ ·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ. hit and run ~ ÷³Ëáõëïáí


óïñ. Ó³ÛÝ»ñ μ»ÙÇ Ñ»ï¨Çó. (Ñ»ï³Ó·áõÙ) íñ³»ñÃ:
TÑe concert/match is ~ гٻñ·Á/ʳÕÁ Ñ»- offend [ə΄fend] v íÇñ³íáñ»É, ³Ý³ñ·»É. be
ï³Ó·íáõÙ ¿. The water has been ~ all day ~ed at/by smb/smth íÇñ³íáñ»É Ù»ÏÇÝ/ÙÇ
²ÙμáÕç ûñÁ çáõñ ãϳñ. turn ~ the gas μ³ÝÇ å³ï׳éáí. ~ against the law ûñ»ÝùÁ
³Ýç³ï»É ·³½Á. switch ~ the light ³Ýç³ï»É ˳Ëï»É:
ÉáõÛëÁ. The meat / milk has gone ~ ØÇëÁ /γÃÁ offender [ə΄fendə] n ³Ý³ñ·áÕ, íÇñ³íáñáÕ.
÷ã³ó»É ¿/ÃÃí»É ¿. ~ and on Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ³é Çñ³í. ûñÇݳ˳Ëï/ûñÇݳ½³Ýó ³ÝÓݳ-
ųٳݳÏ. Hats ~ ! гݻù ·É˳ñÏÝ»ñ¹. íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. juvenile ~ ³Ýã³÷³Ñ³ë ѳÝó³-
How are they ~? ÆÝãå»±ë »Ý Ýñ³Ýó ·áñÍ»ñÁ ·áñÍ. old ~ ÏñÏݳѳÝó³·áñÍ. joint ~ ѳÝ-
(¹ñ³Ù³Ï³Ý ѳñó»ñáõÙ). be well ~ ³å³- ó³ÏÇó:
Ñáíí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. He doesn’t know when he is offensive [ə΄fensiv] n ѳñÓ³ÏáõÙ, ·ñáÑ. take
well ~ ܳ Çñ μ³ËïÁ ã·ÇïÇ: the ~ ѳñÓ³ÏÙ³Ý ³ÝóÝ»É. ÷Ëμ. ѳñÓ³-
ûff [ɒf] prep (-Çó). take smth ~ a shelf ÏáÕ³Ï³Ý ¹Çñù ·ñ³í»É. be on the ~ ѳñÓ³-
¹³ñ³ÏÇó ÙÇ μ³Ý í»ñóÝ»É. Two buttons are Ïáõ٠ϳï³ñ»É:
~ ºñÏnõ Ïá×³Ï åáÏí»É ¿. (ß»ÕáõÙ) ~ colour offer [΄ɒfə] n ³é³ç³ñÏ, ³é³ç³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ.
¹Å·áõÛÝ, ÑÇí³Ý¹ ï»ëù. (ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ) make/accept/refuse an ~ ³é³ç³ñÏ ³Ý»É. ÁÝ-
live ~ the main road ³åñ»É Ù³ÛñáõÕáõ Ùáï. ¹áõÝ»É/Ù»ñÅ»É ³é³ç³ñÏÁ. counter ~ ѳݹÇ-
live ~ the tourists ½μáë³ßñçÇÏÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ßíÇÝ å³Ï³Ý ³é³ç³ñÏ. the goods on ~ ³é³-
³åñ»É. be ~ school with a cold ¹åñáó ã·Ý³É ç³ñÏíáÕ ³åñ³ÝùÁ. be open to ~s ó³Ýϳ-
ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛ³Ý å³ï׳éáí. be ~ drugs ó³Í ³é³ç³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ Éë»É. close witÑ an ~
¹³¹³ñ»É ÃÙñ³¹»Õ»ñ û·ï³·áñÍ»É. be ~ ³é³ç³ñÏÝ ÁݹáõÝ»É:
one’s head. Ë»ÉùÁ ÃéóÝ»É. ÑÙÏñ·. off –bit offer [΄ɒfə] v ³é³ç³ñÏ»É, ç³Ý³É, ÷áñÓ»É. ~
½ñá ³ñÅ»ùáí μÇÃ. ~ -line ÇÝùݳí³ñ, ³Ý- help/one’s services û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ/ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ
ϳË. ~-line equipment ÇÝùݳí³ñ/ãÙdzó³Í ³é³ç³ñÏ»É. ~ no explanation áã ÙÇ μ³ó³ï-
ë³ñù³íáñáõÙ. ~-line mode ÇÝùݳí³ñ é»- ñáõÃÛáõÝ ã·ïÝ»É. ~ resistance ¹ÇÙ³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ
ÅÇÙ. ~-line storage ÇÝùݳí³ñ ÑÇßáÕ ë³ñù. óáõÛó ï³É. if opportunity ~s »Ã» ³éÇÃ
~ time ѳßíáÕ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç ³Ýç³ï- ëï»ÕÍíÇ. ³éÇÃÇ ¹»åùáõÙ:
í³Í ųٳݳÏ: offering [΄ɒfəriŋ] n ³é³ç³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ÁÝͳ,
offal [΄ɒfl] n ÷áñáïÇù, ó÷Ã÷áõÏ, ó÷áÝ: Ýí»ñ. ½áѳμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
offbeat [‚ɒf΄bi:t] a ËëÏó. ³Ýëáíáñ, ³ñï³- offhand [‚ɒf΄hænd] a ѳÝå³ïñ³ëïÇó.
ϳñ·: ³ÝÝñμ³Ýϳï, ³Ýå³ñÏ»ßï. treat smb in an
offcast [΄ɒfka:st] a Ù»ñÅí³Í, ¹»Ý ·óí³Í: ~ manner ³Ýù³Õ³ù³í³ñÇ/³Ýå³ñÏ»ßï
off chance [΄ɒft∫a:ns] n ³ÝÝß³Ý ß³Ýë. It is å³Ñ»É áñ¨¿ Ù»ÏÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ:
a bit of an ~ Ø»Í ÑáõÛë»ñ/Þ³ï ß³Ýë»ñ ãϳÝ. offhand [‚ɒf΄hænd] adv ÇëÏáõÛÝ, ³ÝÙÇç³-
~ of meeting smn Ù»ÏÇÝ å³ï³Ñ³μ³ñ ѳÝ- å»ë, ѳÝå³ïñ³ëïÇó:
¹Çå»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí: office [΄ɒfis] n å³ßïáÝ. take ~ å³ßïáÝ
off colour [‚ɒf΄kΛlə] a ³Ýëáíáñ ·áõÛÝÇ. ëï³ÝÓÝ»É. get/come into ~ å³ñï³Ï³Ýáõ-
í³ï áñ³ÏÇ. look ~ í³ï ï»ëù áõݻݳÉ. feel ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ï³ï³ñÙ³ÝÝ ³ÝóÝ»É. ·áñÍ»ñÝ
~ Çñ»Ý í³ï ½·³É: ÁݹáõÝ»É. honorary ~ å³ïí³íáñ å³ßïáÝ.
offence [ə΄fens] n íÇñ³íáñ³Ýù, ³Ýå³ï- be in ~ ·áñÍÇ ·ÉáõË ÉÇÝ»É. run for the ~ of
íáõÃÛáõÝ. é½Ù. ѳñÓ³ÏáõÙ, ·ñáÑ. give ~ president Çñ ûÏݳÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³é³ç³ñÏ»É
íÇñ³íáñ»É. No ~ meant ºu ã¿Ç áõ½áõÙ Ó»½ ݳ˳·³ÑÇ å³ßïáÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. (ͳé³Ûáõ-
íÇñ³íáñ»É. be quick to take ~ ß³ï ßáõï ÃÛáõÝ) an ill ~ í³ï ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ. (·ñ³-
íÇñ³íáñí»É. Çñ³í. ûñÇݳ½³ÝóáõÃÛáõÝ, ë»ÝÛ³Ï, ÑÇÙݳñÏ) He is in the ~ ܳ ÑÇÙݳñ-
ѳÝó³Ýù. an ~ against the law ûñ»ÝùÇ Ë³Ë- ÏáõÙ ¿. editorial ~ ËÙμ³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ. head ~
ïáõÙ. the first ~ ûñ»ÝùÇ ³é³çÇÝ Ë³ËïáõÙ. ·É˳íáñ í³ñãáõÃÛáõÝ. informaton ~ ï»Õ»-
commit an ~ ѳÝó³Ýù ·áñÍ»É. petty/minor ~ ϳïí³Ï³Ý ·ñ³ë»ÝÛ³Ï. branch ~ ÁÝÏ»-
³ÝÝß³Ý Çñ³í³Ë³ËïáõÙ, Ù³Ýñ ѳÝó³- ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëݳ×ÛáõÕ. booking ~ ïáÙë³ñÏÕ.
office-boy 567 often

publishing ~ Ññ³ï³ñ³ÏãáõÃÛáõÝ. post ~ officious [ə΄fi∫əs] a ÏÇë³å³ßïáݳϳÝ.


÷áëï³ïáõÝ. inquiry ~ ï»Õ»Ï³ïáõ μÛáõñá. ³Ý»ñ»ë, åݹ»ñ»ë:
(í³ñãáõÃÛáõÝ, ·»ñ³ï»ëãáõÃÛáõÝ) foreign ~ offing [΄ɒfiŋ] n Íáí»½ñ. in the ~ ÷Ëμ. Ùáï»ñ-
³ñï³ùÇÝ ·áñÍ»ñÇ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ùáõÙ, Ùáï ³å³·³ÛáõÙ:
record ~ å»ï³Ï³Ý ³ñËÇí. holy ~ åïÙ. offish [΄ɒfi∫] a ËëÏó. ³ÝÙ³ñ¹³Ùáï. ÇÝùÝ-
ÇÝÏíǽÇódz. ~ hours ³ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ Å³- ³Ù÷á÷. ë³éÁ, ½áõëå:
Ù»ñ. ~ supplies ·ñ³ë»Ý۳ϳÛÇÝ åÇïáõÛù- off-peak [‚ɒf΄pi:k] a áã ͳÝñ³μ»éÝí³Í
Ý»ñ. ~ procedures ·ñ³ë»Ý۳ϳÛÇÝ ·áñͳé- ųٻñ. ~ traffic áã ͳÝñ³μ»éÝí³Í ųٻñÇ
ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. for ~ use Ý»ñùÇÝ ·áñͳÍ- »ñè»ÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
Ù³Ý/û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ. (Çß˳Ýáõ- offprint [΄ɒfprint] n ³é³ÝÓÇÝ ïåí³Íù:
ÃÛáõÝ) the party now in ~ ջϳí³ñáÕ Ïáõ- offscourings [΄ɒf‚skauəriŋz] n Ùݳóáñ¹-
ë³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ. enter ~ Çß˳ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ·ÉáõË Ý»ñ, ó÷Ã÷áõÏÝ»ñ:
³ÝóÝ»É. (å³ñï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ) perform
offset [‚ɒf΄set] v ÷áËѳïáõó»É, í³ñӳѳ-
the ~(s) of chairman ݳ˳·³ÑÇ å³ñï³Ï³-
ïáõÛó ÉÇÝ»É. í³ñÓ³ïñ»É. Our gain ~s our
ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ϳï³ñ»É. good ~s of a friend
losses Ø»ñ »Ï³ÙáõïÁ ͳÍÏáõÙ ¿ Ïá-
ÁÝÏ»ñáç û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. (»Ï»Õ»ó³Ï³Ý Í»ë/³-
ñáõëïÝ»ñÁ:
ñ³ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ) the last ~ óÕÙ³Ý ³ñ³-
offset [΄ɒfset] n ßÇí, ×ÛáõÕ, ×ÛáõÕ³íáñáõÙ.
ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ:
÷áËѳïáõóáõÙ. ïå·ñ. é»ïÇݳïåáõ-
office-boy [΄ɒfisbɔi] n ÑÇÙݳñÏÇ óñÇã, ÃÛáõÝ (ݳ¨ ~ printing):
÷áëï³ï³ñ:
officer [΄ɒfisə] n ëå³. ~ of the day Ñ»ñó- offshoot [΄ɒf∫u:t] n ßÇí, ÁÝÓÛáõÕ, ß³é³íÇÕ:
å³Ñ ëå³. non-comissioned ~ »Ýóëå³.
off-shore [‚ɒf΄∫ɔ:] a Ù»ñÓ³÷ÝÛ³, ³Ý¹ñ-
³÷ÝÛ³. ³ÛÉ »ñÏñáõÙ ·áñÍáÕ. ~ wind/breeze
customs ~ Ù³ùë³ï³Ý å³ßïáÝÛ³. (å³ß-
³÷Çó ÷ãáÕ ù³ÙÇ. ~ islands ³é³÷ÝÛ³
ïáÝÛ³) associate ~ Ïñïë»ñ ³ß˳ïáÕ. reg-
ÏÕ½ÇÝ»ñ. ~ companies ³Ý¹ñ³÷ÝÛ³ ÁÝÏ»ñáõ-
istration ~ ·ñ³ÝóáÕ å³ßïáÝÛ³. top ranking
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. ~ trade ³é³÷ÝÛ³ ³é¨ïáõñ:
~ μ³ñÓñ³ëïÇ×³Ý å³ßïáÝÛ³, μ³ñÓñ
ÏáãáõÙ áõÝ»óáÕ ëå³. (í³ñãáõÃÛ³Ý ³Ý¹³Ù) offside [‚ɒf΄said] adv Ùñ½. ˳ÕÇó ¹áõñë,
administrative ~ í³ñã³Ï³Ý ³ß˳ïáÕ. elect ûýë³Û¹. be ~ ˳ÕÇó ¹áõñë íÇ׳ÏáõÙ ÉÇÝ»É:
new ~s Ýáñ í³ñãáõÃÛáõÝ ÁÝïñ»É: offspring [΄ɒfspriŋ] n ųé³Ý·, ë»ñáõݹ.
official [ə΄fi∫l] n å³ßïáÝÛ³, ͳé³ÛáÕ. cus- ϻݹ. Ù³ïÕ³ß ³Ý³ëáõÝÝ»ñ:
toms ~ Ù³ùë³ï³Ý ³ß˳ïáÕ. trade union offspur [΄ɒfspə:] n É»éݳ×ÛáõÕ, É»éݳßÕó-
~(s) ³ñÑÙÇáõÃÛ³Ý ·áñÍÇã/Ý»ñ: ÛÇ ×ÛáõÕ³íáñáõÙ:
official [ə΄fi∫l] a å³ßïáݳϳÝ, ͳé³ÛáÕ³- offstage [‚ɒf΄steidз] adv óïñ. ³Ý¹ñÏáõ-
ϳÝ. ~ duties ͳé³ÛáÕ³Ï³Ý å³ñï³Ï³- ÉÇëÛ³Ý, óùÝí³Í. voices ~ ³Ý¹ñÏáõÉÇëÛ³Ý
ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. for ~ use only ÙdzÛÝ Í³é³ÛáÕ- Ó³ÛÝ»ñ. She is/went ~ ܳ ÏáõÉÇëÝ»ñáõÙ ¿/
Ý»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. ~ journey/travel å³ßïáÝ³Ï³Ý ·Ý³ó:
áõÕ¨áñáõÃÛáõÝ, ·áñÍáõÕáõÙ. ~ circles å³ß- offstreet [‚ɒf΄stri:t] n ÏáÕÙݳÛÇÝ ÷áÕáó(Ç).
ïáÝ³Ï³Ý ßñç³ÝÝ»ñ. ~ news å³ßïáݳ- ~ parking ϳ۳ݻÉÁ ÏáÕÙݳÛÇÝ ÷áÕáóáõÙ:
Ï³Ý Ñ³Õáñ¹áõÙ. an ~ representative å³ßïá- off-the-cuff [‚ɒfðə΄kΛf] a ѳÝå³ïñ³ë-
Ý³Ï³Ý Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇã. ~ briefing å³ßïá- ïÇó. ѳÝå³ïñ³ïÇó ëï»ÕͳÍ/ ë³ñù³Í:
Ý³Ï³Ý ×»å³½ñáõÛó: off-the-peg [‚ɒfðə΄peg] a å³ïñ³ëïÇ. ~
officialese [ə‚fi∫ə΄li:z] adv ·ñ³ë»Ý۳ϳÛÇÝ clothes å³ïñ³ëïÇ Ñ³·áõëï:
á×. ãÇÝáíÝÇÏÝ»ñÇ/μÛáõñáÏñ³ï³Ï³Ý É»½áõ: off-white [‚ɒf΄wait] a ÙáËñ³íáõÝ/áã ÉñÇí
officially [ə΄fi∫əli] adv å³ßïáݳå»ë: ëåÇï³Ï:
officiate [ə΄fi∫ieit] v å³ßïáݳϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ- often [΄ɒfn] adv ѳ׳Ë. ~ and ~ ß³ï ѳ-
Ý»ñ ϳï³ñ»É. å³ßïáݳí³ñ»É. ~ as host ׳Ë, ѳ׳˳ÏÇ. as ~ as twice a day áã
ï³ÝïÇñáç ¹»ñ ϳï³ñ»É, ï³ÝïÇñáõÃÛáõÝ å³Ï³ë ù³Ý ûñÁ »ñÏáõ ³Ý·³Ù. as ~ as not,
³Ý»É. ~ as chairman at the meeting ÅáÕáíÇ more ~ than not ³Ù»ÝÇó ѳ׳Ë. every so ~
ݳ˳·³Ñ ÉÇÝ»É: Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ³é ųٳݳÏ:
ogre 568 olive-branch

ogre [΄əugə] n Ù³ñ¹³Ï»ñ Ñëϳ: 2. a ɳí, ϳñ·ÇÝ. 3. v ѳí³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É.


oh [əu] int o. Oh no ! ¸» áã. Oh how awful ! ú, Everything is ~ ²Ù»Ý ÇÝã ϳñ·ÇÝ ¿. It’s ~
ÇÝ㠳ѳíáñ ¿: with/by me ¸³ ÇÝÓ Ñ³ñÙ³ñ ¿. Are you feeling
ohm [əum] n ûÑÙ: ~? ¸áõ ù»½ ɳ±í »ë ½·áõÙ:
oil [ɔil] n Ó»Ã, ÛáõÕ. vegetable/olive ~ μáõë³- old [əuld] a Í»ñ, å³é³í. get/grow ~ Í»ñ³-
ϳÝ/ÓÇóåïÕÇ ÛáõÕ. essential/volatile ~s ݳÉ, å³é³í»É. an ~ man./woman/people Í»ñ
»Ã»ñ³ÛáõÕ»ñ. cod-liver ~ ÓÏ³Ý ÛáõÕ. (ݳíÃ) ÏÇÝ/ïÕ³Ù³ñ¹/Í»ñáõÏÝ»ñ, Í»ñáõÝÇÝ»ñ. ~
crude ~ ³ÝÙß³Ï Ý³íÃ. strike ~ ݳíà ·ïÝ»É, age Í»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. (ÑÇÝ, ÑݳٻÝÇ) a very ~ tomb
ѳÛïݳμ»ñ»É. ~s ÛáõճݻñÏ. paint in ~s Ûáõ- ÑÇÝ ·»ñ»½Ù³Ý. ~ music ÑݳÙÛ³ »ñ³Åßïáõ-
ճݻñÏáí Ýϳñ»É. check the ~ ëïáõ·»É ÃÛáõÝ. ~ castle/custom ÑݳٻÝÇ ³Ùñáó/ëáíá-
ÛáõÕÇ ù³Ý³ÏÁ (³íïá). the ~ industry ݳíÃ- ñáõÛÃ. (ݳËÏÇÝ) ~ president/director ݳËÏÇÝ
³ñ¹Ûáõݳμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ lamp ݳíÃÇ É³Ùå. åñ»½Ç¹»Ýï/ïÝûñ»Ý. ~ friend í³Õ»ÙÇ μ³-
pour ~ on the troubled waters ÷Ëμ. ·áñÍÁ ˳- ñ»Ï³Ù. as ~ as the hills ß³ï/³ß˳ñÑÇ å»ë
Õ³ÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ ³í³ñï»É. pour ~ on the flame ÑÇÝ. (ï³ñÇù) How ~ are you ? ø³ÝDZ ï³-
Ïñ³ÏÇ íñ³ ÛáõÕ ÉóÝ»É. (μáñμáù»É). ~ rig/well ñ»Ï³Ý »ë. She’s ~ enough ܳ μ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ
ݳíÃÇ ³ßï³ñ³Ï/Ñáñ. an ~ refinery ݳí- Ù»Í ¿. One is never too ~ to learn êáíáñ»ÉÁ
óÙß³ÏÙ³Ý ·áñͳñ³Ý. ~ of birth å³ï- »ñμ»ù áõß ã¿. the ~ man ËëÏó. ß»ýÁ, ѳÛñÁ.
ų×Çåáï. burn the midnight ~ ·Çß»ñáí ³ß- the ~ boys of the school ¹åñáóÇ Ý³ËÏÇÝ
˳ï»É: ³ß³Ï»ñïÝ»ñÁ. ~ man (¹ÇÙáõÙ) Í»ñáõÏ. the
oil [ɔil] v ÛáõÕ»É, ÓÇûÉ, ûÍ»É. ÷Ëμ. ÛáõÕ»É, same ~ faces ÝáõÛÝ Í³Ýáà ¹»Ùù»ñÁ. an ~ hand
ϳ߳é»É: ÷Ëμ. ÷áñÓí³Í/í³ñå»ï Ù³ñ¹/Ù³ë-
oil-bearing [΄ɔil‚beəriŋ] a ݳíóμ»ñ: ݳ·»ï. Any ~ thing will do ËëÏó. ²Ù»Ý
oilcake [΄ɔilkeik] n ùáõëå, ÏáåïáÝ: μ³Ý ѳñÙ³ñ Ï·³. ~ pension/benefit
oil-can [΄ɔilkæn] n ï»Ë. ÛáõÕ³Ù³Ý: Í»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ãáß³Ï. ~ pensioner Ãá߳ϳéáõ.
oil-cloth [΄ɔilklɒθ] n ÙáÙɳÃ: ~ people’s home Í»ñ³Ýáó. the ~ Í»ñ»ñÁ. of ~
oil-colour [΄ɔil‚kΛlə] n ÛáõճݻñÏ: ÑÇÝ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï, ÑÝáõÙ. from ~ of ÑÝáõó,
oil-derrick [΄ɔil‚derik] n ݳíóßï³- í³Õáõó:
ñ³Ï: olden [΄əuldən] a ÑÇÝ, í³Õ»ÙÇ. in ~ days
oiler [΄ɔilə] n ÛáõÕÇã (μ³Ýíáñ). ÛáõÕ³Ù³Ý, ÓÇ- ÑÇݳíáõñó ųٳݳÏÝ»ñáõÙ:
óٳÝ: old-fashioned [‚əuld΄fæ∫nd] a Ñݳó³Í,
oil-field [΄ɔil‚fi:ld] n ݳíóѳÝù: ÑÇÝ, ÑݳӨ:
oil-gauge [΄ɔil‚geidз] n ÛnõÕÇ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÇ old maid [‚əuld΄meid] n å³é³í³Í ûñÇáñ¹:
óáõóÇã (³íïá). oldster [΄əuldstə] n ËëÏó. ѳë³Ï³-
oil-painting [΄ɔil‚peintiŋ] n ÛáõÕ³Ýϳñãáõ- íáñ/ï³ñ»ó Ù³ñ¹:
ÃÛáõÝ, ÛáõÕ³Ýϳñ: Old Testament [΄əuld΄testəmənt] n ÐÇÝ
oil-paper [΄ɔil‚peipə] n ÛáõÕ³ÃáõÕÃ, ÙáÙ³- Îï³Ï³ñ³Ý:
ÃáõÕÃ: old-time [‚əuld΄taim] a í³Õ»ÙÇ, ÑÇÝ:
oilskin [΄ɔilskin] n ³Ýçñ³ÝóÇÏ/³Ýçñ³Ã³- old-timer [‚əuld΄taimə] n ÑÇÝ μݳÏÇã,
÷³ÝóÇÏ ÃÇÏÝáó: ÑݳμݳÏ:
oilstone [΄ɔilstəun] n ÛáõÕ³ù³ñ, ëñáó: old-world [‚əuld΄wə:ld] a ÑÇÝ ³ß˳ñÑÇÝ
oiltanker [΄ɔil‚tæŋkə] n (ݳí) ï³ÝÏ»ñ. í»ñ³μ»ñáÕ:
(³íïá) ݳíóï³ñ Ù»ù»Ý³: oligarchy [΄ɒliga:ki] n ûÉÇ·³ñËdz:
oil-well [΄ɔilwel] n ݳíóÑáñ: olio [΄əuliəu] n ˳éÝáõñ¹. ³Ù»Ý ï»ë³Ï μ³Ý.
oily [΄ɔili] a ÛáõÕ³ÛÇÝ. (Ï»Õïáï) ÛáõÕáï, ÓÇ- »ñÅß. åáåáõñÇ:
Ãáï. ÷Ëμ. (Ù³ñ¹) ßáÕáùáñÃ, ã³÷³½³Ýó olive [΄ɒliv] n, a ÓÇûÝÇ, ÓÇóåïáõÕ.
ëÇñ³ÉÇñ. ~ hair ÛáõÕ³ÉÇ Ù³½»ñ: ·áõÛÝÁ. ~ green ¹»Õݳϳݳ㠷áõÛÝ:
ointment [΄ɔintmənt] n ùëáõù, ÛáõÕ³- olive-branch [΄ɒlivbra:nt∫] n ÓÇûÝáõ ×ÛáõÕ.
ùëáõù: ˳ճÕáõÃÛ³Ý ËáñÑñ¹³ÝÇß. hold out the ~
O.K., o kay [əu΄kei] 1. n ËëÏó. ɳí, »Õ³í. ˳ճճëÇñ³Ï³Ý ³é³ç³ñÏ ³Ý»É:
olive-oil 569 once

olive-oil [΄ɒlivɔil] n ÓÇóåïÕÇ ÛáõÕ: »ññáñ¹ ¿çÇ íñ³. ~ foot áïùáí. ~ horseback
olive wood [΄ɒlivwud] n ÓÇûÝáõ åáõ- ÓÇáõ íñ³. (çñ³ÛÇÝ ï³ñ³Íù) ~ the Themes
ñ³Ï: »ٽ³ÛÇ íñ³. ~ lake Sevan ꨳÝÇ ³÷ÇÝ. ~
olympiad [ə΄limpiæd] n Ùñ½. ûÉÇÙådz- board the ship ݳíÇ íñ³. (ųٳݳÏ) ~
¹³: Wednesday ãáñ»ùß³μÃÇ ûñÁ. ~ the tenth of
olympic [ə΄limpik] n ûÉÇÙådzϳÝ. the ~ September ë»åï»Ùμ»ñÇ ï³ëÇÝ. ~ the next
games ûÉÇÙåÇ³Ï³Ý Ë³Õ»ñ: day ѳçáñ¹ ûñÁ. ~ time ųٳݳÏÇÝ. ~ the
ombudsman [΄ɒmbudzmən] n ûÙμáõ¹ëÙ»Ý. occasion of ³éÇÃáí. (ÑÇÙù, å³ï׳é) ~ this
Ù³ñ¹áõ Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇ å³ßïå³Ý: account ³Ûë å³ï׳éáí. ~ principle
omelet(te) [΄ɒmlət] n Óí³Í»Õ, ûÙÉ»ï: ëϽμáõÝùÇó. an article ~ music Ñá¹í³Í
omen [΄əumen] n ݳ˳Ýß³Ý. a good/bad ~ »ñ³ÅßïáõÃÛ³Ý í»ñ³μ»ñÛ³É. rely ~
ɳí/í³ï ݳ˳Ýß³Ý: ëϽμáõÝùÇó. (be have) The game is ~ ʳÕÁ
ominous [΄ɒminəs] a ã³ñ³·áõß³Ï, ³Õ»ï³- ï»ÕÇ ¿ áõÝ»ÝáõÙ. What’s ~ TV? ƱÝã ϳ
ÉÇó. an ~ silence ã³ñ³·áõß³Ï ÉéáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ Ñ»éáõëï³óáõÛóáí. The deal is ~ ¶áñͳñùÁ
clouds ÷áÃáñϳÉÇó ³Ùå»ñ: ÏÝùí³Í ¿. Have you anything ~ tomorrow
omission [əu΄mi∫n] n μ³ó ÃáÕáõÙ, íñÇåáõÙ, ì³ÕÁ ½μ³Õí³±Í »ë I’m ~ duty лñóå³Ñ
³Ý÷áõÃáõÃÛáõÝ. ~s in the text μ³óÃáÕáõÙÝ»ñ »Ù. live ~ one’s wages ³ß˳ï³í³ñÓáí ³å-
ï»ùëïáõÙ. It was an ~ on my part ¸³ ñ»É. live ~ fish/vegetables ëÝí»É ÓÏÝáí, μ³Ý-
³Ý÷áõÃáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ñ ÇÙ ÏáÕÙÇó. ~ of important ç³ñ»Õ»Ýáí. be ~ a grant Ãáß³Ï ëï³Ý³É.
facts ϳñ¨áñ ÷³ëï»ñÇ μ³óÃáÕáõÙ: spend money/time ~ ųٳݳÏ/÷áÕ Í³Ëë»É
omit [əu΄mit] v μ³óÃáÕÝ»É. ãÑÇß³ï³Ï»É, ÇÝã-áñ μ³ÝÇ íñ³. ~ trust íëï³Ñ»Éáí. ~ a
³Ýáõß³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ïÝ»É. ~ a word μ³é diet ¹Ç»ï³ÛÇ íñ³. I’m not ~ speaking terms
μ³ó ÃáÕÝ»É. I ~ted to tell her ºë Ùáé³ó³ with him ºë Ýñ³ Ñ»ï ã»Ù ËáëáõÙ. goods ~
Ýñ³Ý ³Û¹ Ù³ëÇÝ ³ë»É: sale í³×³éùáõÙ »Õ³Í ³åñ³Ýù/Ý»ñ. ~ the
omnibus [΄ɒmnibəs] n ѳÝñ³Ï³éù: contrary Áݹѳϳé³ÏÁ. ~ behalf of Ù»ÏÇ
omnipotent [ɒm΄nipətənt] a ³Ù»Ý³Ï³ñáÕ, ³ÝáõÝÇó. be ~ the phone Ñ»é³Ëáëáí Ëáë»É.
³Ù»Ý³Ñ½áñ: be ~ leave ³ñÓ³Ïáõñ¹áõÙ ÉÇÝ»É. He is ~ to a
omnipresence [‚ɒmni΄prezəns] n ³Ù»Ý³- good thing ܳ ß³Ñáõóμ»ñ ·áñÍ ¿ ·ï»É. I’ll
·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ. Ý»ñϳÛáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ù»Ý ÇÝãáõÙ: get ~ to him ºë Ïϳåí»Ù Ýñ³ Ñ»ï. He was ~
omnipresent [‚ɒmni΄prezənt] a ³Ù»Ý³·á, to it at once ܳ ³ÝÙÇç³å»ë ѳëϳó³í
³Ù»Ýáõñ»ù ·ïÝíáÕ. ÏïÏ. ³Ù»Ý³Ñ³ë, ¿áõÃÛáõÝÁ£
³Ù»Ý ÇÝãÇ Ù³ëݳÏÇó: on bit [ɒn bit] ÑÙÏñ·. Ù»Ï ³ñÅ»ùáí μÇã
omniscient [ɒm΄nisiənt] a ³Ù»Ý³·»ï, on-line [ɒn lain] ÑÙÏñ·. ûå»ñ³ïÇí/
³Ù»Ý³·Çï³Ï: ÇÝï»ñ³ÏïÇí é»ÅÇÙ£
omnivorous [ɒm΄nivərəs] a ³Ù»Ý³Ï»ñ, on-line data [ɒn lain ΄deitə] ÑÙÏñ·.
³Ù»Ý ÇÝã ɳ÷áÕ. an ~ reader ÷Ëμ. ³Ýå³- ѳßíáÕ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõ-
ѳÝçÏáï ÁÝûñóáÕ: ÝáõÙ å³Ñå³ÝíáÕ ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ:
on [ɒn] 1. adv ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ ß³ñáõݳϻÉ. once [wΛns] n ÙÇ ³Ý·³Ù(Á). for this/that ~
read/work/walk ~ ß³ñáõÝ³Ï»É Ï³ñ¹³É/³ß- ³Ûë/³Û¹ ³Ý·³Ù. O~ is enough ØÇ ³Ý·³ÙÁ
˳ï»É/½μáëÝ»É. later ~ ³í»ÉÇ áõß. from that μ³í³Ï³Ý ¿:
time ~ ³Û¹ ųٳݳÏí³ÝÇó ëÏë³Í. and so ~ once [wΛns] adv ÙÇ ³Ý·³Ù. ~ a week/a day
¨ ³ÛÉÝ. (ٻ˳ÝǽÙ) turn/switch ~ ÙdzóÝ»É ß³μ³ÃÁ/ûñÁ ÙÇ ³Ý·³Ù. ~ in a while ųٳ-
(·³½Á, ¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ). The radio/ Ý³Ï ³é ųٳݳÏ. We met ~ before Ø»Ýù ÙÇ
light is ~ è³¹ÇáÝ/ÈáõÛëÁ Ùdzóñ³Í ¿. Who ³Ý·³Ù ³ñ¹»Ý ѳݹÇå»É »Ýù. ~ again/more
left the tape ~? à±í ¿ çñÇ Íáñ³ÏÁ μ³ó ÃáÕ»É. ÙÇ ³Ý·³Ù ¨ë. ~ or twice Ù»Ï Ï³Ù »ñÏáõ
(ѳ·áõëï) put ~ ѳ·Ý»É. have a dress/coat ~ ³Ý·³Ù. more than ~ ÙÇ ß³ñù ³Ý·³ÙÝ»ñ. ~
ßáñ/í»ñ³ñÏáõ ѳ·³Í ÉÇÝ»É. 2. prep íñ³ and for all Ù»ÏÁݹÙÇßï. not ~ áã ÙÇ ³Ý·³Ù,
(ï»Õ, ¹Çñù). ~ the table/floor/ground ë»- »ñμ»ù. ~ in a way ß³ï ѳ½í³¹»å. not to
Õ³ÝÇ/ѳï³ÏÇ/·»ïÝÇ íñ³. ~ page three hesitate ~ μáÉáñáíÇÝ ãï³ï³Ýí»É. (ųٳ-
once 570 only

ݳÏ) ~ upon a time ųٳݳÏáí (Ñ»ùdzÃ). ·Çß»ñÁ. at ~ time ÇÝã-áñ ÙÇ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï.


There lived ~ ²åñáõÙ ¿ñ. I knew him ~ ØÇ Å³- (ÙdzÏ) his ~ talent Ýñ³ ÙÇ³Ï ï³Õ³Ý¹Á.
Ù³Ý³Ï Ù»Ýù ͳÝáà ¿ÇÝù. at ~ ³ÝÙÇç³å»ë. There is only ~ answer ØdzÛÝ Ù»Ï å³-
all at ~ ѳÝϳñͳÏÇ£ ï³ëË³Ý Ï³. (áÙÝ) ~ Miller by name áÙÝ
once [wΛns] conj Ñ»Ýó áñ. »Ã». ~ you ØÇÉ»ñ:
understand Ñ»Ýó áñ ѳëϳݳë. O~ I’ve fin- one act [‚wΛn΄ækt] a Ù»Ï ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ. ~
ished my work лÝó áñ í»ñç³óݻ٠³ß˳- play Ù»Ï ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ åÇ»ë:
ï³Ýùë: onearmed [‚wΛn΄a:md] a ÙÇ Ó»éù³ÝÇ. ~
oncoming [΄ɒn‚kΛmiŋ] n Ùáï³Éáõï í»ñ³- bandit ³íïáÙ³ï ˳ջñ:
ѳë. ~ traffic ѳݹÇå³Ï³ó ß³ñÅáõÙ/»ñ- one-eyed [‚wΛn΄aid] a Ùdzãù³ÝÇ:
è»ÏáõÃÛáõÝ: onefold [΄wΛnfəuld] a å³ñ½, ѳë³ñ³Ï:
one [wΛn] num Ù»Ï, Ùdzíáñ. ~ pair of gloves one-horse(d) [‚wΛn΄hɔ:s] a ÙdzÓÇ. ËëÏó.
Ù»Ï ½áõÛ· Ó»éÝáó. ~ by ~ Ù»Ï ³é Ù»Ï. Ù»ÏÁ ë³Ï³í³½áñ:
ÙÛáõëÇ Ñ»ï¨Çó. He’s not yet ~ ܳ ¹»é ÙÇ one-idea‘d [‚wΛnai΄diəd] a ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï,
ï³ñ»Ï³Ý ãϳ. the last but ~ ݳ˳í»ñçÇÝÁ. Ý»ÕÙÇï (Ù³ñ¹):
for ~ thing Ý³Ë ¨ ³é³ç. for another ~ one-legged [‚wΛn΄legid] a ÙÇáï³ÝÇ:
»ñÏñáñ¹Á. in ~s and twos ٻϳϳÝ, oneness [΄wΛnnəs] n ÙdzëÝáõÃÛáõÝ, μ³ó³-
»ñÏáõ³Ï³Ý. ~ after another Ù»ÏÁ ÙÛáõëÇ éÇÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
Ñ»ï¨Çó. We’re ~ up Ùñ½. Ø»Ýù ÙÇ onerous [΄əunərəs] a ͳÝñ, ¹Åí³ñÇÝ, ͳÝ-
Ùdzíáñáí/ÝÇß/·áÉ ³é³ç »Ýù. ~ more mis- ñ³μ»éÝáÕ:
take Ù»Ï ëË³É ¨ë. part/chapter ~ Ù³ë/·ÉáõË oneself [wΛn΄self] pron (ÇÝùÝ) Çñ»Ý. walk by
³é³çÇÝ. ten to ~ Ù»ÏÇÝ ï³ë. ~-address in- ~ Ù»Ý³Ï ½μáëÝ»É. hurt ~ íݳëí»É. wash/dress
struction ÑÙÏñ·. Ùdzѳëó» Ññ³Ñ³Ý·. ~-di- ~ Éí³óí»É, ѳ·Ýí»É. force ~ Çñ»Ý ëïÇå»É.
mensional array Ùdzã³÷ ³ÕÛáõë³Ï. ~-for-one see smth for ~ Çñ ³ãù»ñáí ï»ëÝ»É. be angry
translation Ù»ÏÁ-Ù»ÏÇÝ Ã³ñ·Ù³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. with ~ Çñ íñ³ ½³Ûñ³Ý³É. keep ~ to ~ ÇÝùÝ-
~-to ~ relationship Ù»ÏÁ-Ù»ÏÇÝ Ï³å. ~-to- ³Ù÷á÷ ÉÇÝ»É:
many relationship Ù»ÏÁ ß³ïÇÝ Ï³å. ~’s one-sided [‚wΛn΄saidid] a ÙdzÏáÕ, ÙÇ ÏáÕù
complement ѳϳ¹³ñÓ Ïá¹£ áõÝ»óáÕ.ÙÇ ÏáÕÙ³ÝÇ/ »ñ»ë³ÝÇ. ~ interpreta-
one [wΛn] prn ÇÝã-áñ Ù»ÏÁ, ÙÇ Ù³ñ¹. O~ must tion ÙdzÏáÕÙ³ÝÇ Ù»Ïݳμ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ con-
not forget âå»ïù ¿ Ùáé³Ý³É. O~ never knows test ³Ýѳí³ë³ñ ÙñóáõÛÃ:
ºñμ»ù ã·Çï»ë. offer ~‘s services Çñ ͳ- one-track [‚wΛn΄træk] a »ñÏÃ. ÙǷͳÝÇ.
é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ³é³ç³ñÏ»É. How can ~ do ÷Ëμ. ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï, Ý»Õ:
it? ÆÝãå»±ë ϳñ»ÉÇ ¿ ³Û¹ ³Ý»É. the little ~s onfall [΄ɒnfɔ:l] n ѳñÓ³ÏáõÙ:
÷áùñ»ñÁ, »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñÁ. our dear ~s Ù»ñ one way [‚wΛn΄wei] a ÙdzÏáÕÙ³ÝÇ. ~ traffic
ëÇñ»ÉÇÝ»ñÁ. He is the clever ~ of the family ÙdzÏáÕÙ³ÝÇ »ñè»ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ street
ܳ ÁÝï³ÝÇùÇ ³Ù»Ý³Ë»É³óÇ ³Ý¹³ÙÝ ¿. ÙdzÏáÕÙ³ÝÇ ÷áÕáó:
(Ù»Ï, ÙÇ) with ~ voice ÙdzӳÛÝ. ~ and all onion [΄Λnjən] n ëáË, ëá˳ñÙ³ï, ëáËÇ
μáÉáñÁ ÙdzëÇÝ. as ~ man Ù»Ï Ù³ñ¹áõ å»ë. ·ÉáõË. spring ~s ϳݳã ëáË. He knows his
each ~ Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ. never a ~ áã Ù»ÏÁ. the ~s ÷Ëμ. ܳ ¹ñ³ÝÇó É³í ¿ ѳëϳÝáõÙ. ~
~ and the other ¨° Ù»ÏÁ, ¨° ÙÛáõëÁ. (ÙdzÝÙ³Ý, soup ëáËáí ³åáõñ:
ÙǨÝáõÛÝ) It’s all ~ γñ¨áñ ã¿. at ~ and the on line [΄ɒn‚lain] a ·áñÍáõÝ, ûå»ñ³ïÇí.
same time ÙǨÝáõÛÝ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï. be of ~ opin- ó³ÝóÇÝ Ùdzó³Í íÇ׳ÏáõÙ ·ïÝíáÕ. ~ re-
ion ÙǨÝáõÛÝ Ï³ñÍÇùÇ ÉÇÝ»É. You’re the sly ~ gistration ·ñ³Ýóáõ٠ѳٳó³ÝóÇ ÙÇçáóáí:
ËëÏó. ²Ë, ¹áõ Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏ. He’s a great ~ for onlooker [΄ɒn‚lukə] n ¹ÇïáÕ. (å³ï³Ñ³-
football ܳ ýáõïμáÉÇ Ù»Í ëÇñ³Ñ³ñ ¿. have ϳÝ) ³Ï³Ý³ï»ë:
~ for the road ׳Ù÷Çó ³é³ç ÙÇ μ³Å³Ï only [΄əunli] a ÙdzÛÝ, ÙÇÙdzÛÝ. an ~ child
ËÙ»É. (÷á˳ñÇÝáÕ μ³é) a new law and an ÙÇ³Ï »ñ»Ë³. not ~ áã ÙdzÛÝ. if ~ »Ã»
old ~ ÙÇ Ýáñ ûñ»Ýù ¨ ÙÇ ÑÇÝÁ£ ÙdzÛÝ. ~ just Ñ»Ýó Ýáñ, ~ not ѳ½Çíѳ½, ùÇã
one [wΛn] a ÙÇ. ~ day/night ÙÇ ûñ/ÙÇ ³Ý·³Ù ¿ñ ÙÝáõÙ. ~ too glad ß³ï áõñ³Ë. ~ think
only 571 open-hearted

»ñ¨³Ï³Û»ù. ä³ïÏ»ñ³óñ»ù. the ~ chance go with eyes ~ ÇÙ³Ý³É ÇÝã ¿ ³ÝáõÙ/ÇÝãÇ ¿


ÙÇ³Ï Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ. the ~ good thing ¹ÇÙáõÙ. an ~ car μ³ó Ù»ù»Ý³. ~ air μ³ó-
ÙÇ³Ï É³í μ³ÝÁ: ûÃÛ³. on the ~ sea μ³ó ÍáíáõÙ. (μáÉáñÇÝ
only [΄əunli] adv ÙdzÛÝ, μ³Ûó. ~ he knows Ù³ïã»ÉÇ) an ~ competition/ballot/letter μ³ó
ØdzÛÝ Ý³ ·ÇïÇ. You ~ have to ask Ò»½ ÙñóáõÛÃ/ùí»³ñÏáõÙ/ݳٳÏ. an ~ secret μ³ó
å»ïù ¿ ÙdzÛÝ Ëݹñ»É. ¸áõù å»ïù ¿ ÙdzÛÝ ·³ÕïÝÇù (áã áùÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ·³ÕïÝÇù ã¿).
Ëݹñ»ù. That’s ~ too obvious ¸³ μ³í³Ï³Ý keep an ~ house ï³Ý ¹éÝ»ñÁ μáÉáñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ
³ÏÝѳÛï ¿: μ³ó ÉÇÝ»É. (³ÝÏ»ÕÍ, ëñï³μ³ó) an ~ face
onrush [΄ɒnrΛ∫] n ·ñáÑ, ѳñÓ³ÏáõÙ: ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ ¹»Ùù. be ~ about smth ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ
onset [΄ɒnset] n ßËÙ. ѳñÓ³ÏáõÙ, ×ÝßáõÙ. Ëáë»É áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ Ù³ëÇÝ. ~ hostility μ³ó
ëÏǽμ. at the first ~ Ñ»Ýó ëϽμÇó, ³ÝÙÇç³- ÃßݳٳÝù. What possibilities are ~ to him?
å»ë. give a fresh ~ í»ñëïÇÝ ÷áñÓ»É: ƱÝã Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ »Ý μ³óíáõÙ Ýñ³
onslaught [΄ɒnslɔ:t] n ϳï³ÕÇ ·ñáÑ, ³éç¨. have an ~ mind ¹»é áñ¨¿ áñáßáõÙ
ѳñÓ³ÏáõÙ. make a furious ~ ϳï³Õáñ»Ý ãÁݹáõÝ»É. ~ to offers ëå³ë»É ³é³-
ѳñÓ³Ïí»É: ç³ñÏÝ»ñÇ:
onto [΄ɒntu] prep íñ³. get ~ a horse ÓÇ open [΄əupən] v μ³ó»É. μ³Ý³É. ~ a book/um-
Ýëï»É/Ñ»ÍÝ»É: brella/bottle ·ÇñùÁ/³ÝÓñ¨³ÝáóÁ/ßÇßÁ μ³-
onus [΄əunəs] n μ»é, ͳÝñáõÃÛáõÝ: ó»É. The road is ~ to traffic ֳݳå³ñÑÁ
onward [΄ɒnwəd] 1. a (ݳ¨ onwards) ³é³ç å³ïñ³ëï ¿ »ñè»ÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ. ~ a
ß³ñÅíáÕ, ³é³ç³¹»Ù. the ~ movement ß³ñ- branch Ù³ëݳ×ÛáõÕ μ³ó»É. ~ an abscess
ÅáõÙ ¹»åÇ ³é³ç. 2. adv ¹»åÇ ³é³ç. Ïïñ»É/μ³ó»É óñ³Ë³å³É³ñÁ. ~ out ÷³-
³é³ç. from that time ~ ³Û¹ ųٳݳÏ- óóÝÁ μ³ó»É. ï³ñ³Í»É/å³ñ½»É è»ñÁ.
í³ÝÇó: ~ up ÙáõïùÁ μ³ó»É, ѳÛïݳμ»ñ»É. ~ smb’s
ooze [u:z] n ïÇÕÙ. Ñ»ÕáõÏÇ ³ñï³Ñáëù£ eyes ÷Ëμ. Ù»ÏÇ ³ãù»ñÁ μ³ó»É. ~ up new
ooze [u:z] v ¹³Ý¹³Õáñ»Ý ³ñï³Ñáë»É, Íá- possibilities Ýáñ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ëï»Õ-
ñ»É. ÷Ëμ. ãù³Ý³É, ³ÝÑ»ï³Ý³É. His
Í»É/ ѳÛïݳμ»ñ»É. (ëÏë»É) ~ a conversation/a
courage ~d away Üñ³ ³ÙμáÕç ù³çáõÃÛáõÝÁ
game ½ñáõÛó /Ë³Õ ëÏë»É. ~ a book account
ãù³ó³í. The secret ~d out ¶³ÕïÝÇùÁ μ³-
μ³ÝÏÇ Ñ³ßÇí μ³ó»É. ~ fire Ïñ³Ï μ³ó»É.
ó³Ñ³Ûïí»ó/μ³óí»ó:
(μ³óí»É) Flowers ~ed in the sun ̳ÕÇÏÝ»ñÁ
oozy [΄u:zi] a ïÕÙáï, ïÕÙ³é³ï: μ³óí»óÇÝ ³ñ¨Ç ï³Ï. The door ~s to a bal-
opacity [əu΄pæsəti] n ³Ýó÷³ÝóÇÏáõÃÛáõÝ. cony ¸áõéÁ μ³óíáõÙ ¿ ¹»åÇ å³ïß·³Ùμ.
acoustic ~ ³ÝÓ³Ûݳó÷³ÝóÇÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ of
The play ~s tomorrow ²é³çÇÝ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõÙÁ
thought (ÙïùÇ) ³Ýå³ñ½áõÃÛáõÝ:
ï»ÕÇ Ïáõݻݳ í³ÕÁ. A view ~ed out ´³ó-
opal [΄əupl] n ÑÝù. ³ñ¨³ù³ñ, Ídzͳݳ-
í»ó ÙÇ ï»ë³ñ³Ý. ÑÙÏñ·. μ³ó, μ³ó»É. ~ a
ù³ñ:
file μ³ó»É ý³ÛÉÁ. ~ file table μ³ó ý³ÛÉ»ñÇ
opaque [əu΄peik] a ³Ýó÷³ÝóÇÏ, ³ÝÉáõ-
³ÕÛáõë³Ï. ~ subroutine μ³ó »ÝóÍñ³·Çñ.
ë³ÝóÇÏ. ³Õáï, ÙáõÃ, ³ÝÉáõÛë. μóÙÇï,
ÑÇÙ³ñ: ~ system μ³ó ѳٳϳñ·:
open [΄əupən] n μ³ó û¹/ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ in the openair [‚əupən΄eə] a μ³óû¹Û³. ~ life μ³ó-
~ μ³óûÃÛ³. come out into the ~ ³ñï³Ñ³Ûï- û¹Û³ ÏÛ³Ýù. an ~ theatre ³Ù³é³ÛÇÝ Ã³ï-
í»É, ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ Ëáë»É: ñáÝ:
open [΄əupən] a μ³ó, ³½³ï, Ù³ïã»ÉÇ. with open-armed [‚əupən΄a:md] a ·ñϳ-
~ mouth μ³ó μ»ñ³Ýáí. leave the door ~ ¹áõ- μ³ó:
éÁ μ³ó ÃáÕÝ»É/å³Ñ»É. break ~ ɳÛÝ μ³ó open-eared [‚əupən΄iəd] a áõß³¹Çñ, áõß³¹-
³Ý»É. ~ mind ÁÝϳÉáõÝ³Ï ÙÇïù. cut/tear ~ ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ ÉëáÕ:
ÏÝÇùÁ åáÏ»É (Íñ³ñÇ, ÷³Ã»ÃÇ). μ³ó»É ~ open-eyed [‚əupən΄aid] a ³ãù»ñÁ ɳÛÝ μ³-
meeting ¹éÝμ³ó ÅáÕáí. ~ at the neck ûÓÇùÁ ó³Í, ½³ñÙ³ó³Í. ÷Ëμ. ½·áÝ, ³ã³Éáõñç:
μ³ó. ~ circuit ¿É. μ³ó ßÕó۳·ÇÍ. keep one’s open-handed [‚əupən΄hændid] a ³é³ï³-
ears ~ ÷Ëμ. ½·áÝ ÉÇÝ»É, ³Ï³ÝçÝ»ñÁ ëñ»É. Ó»éÝ:
open-hearted 572 opportunity

open-hearted [‚əupən΄ha:tid] a ëñï³μ³ó operation [‚ɒpə΄rei∫n] n ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝ,


³ÝÏ»ÕÍ: ·áñͳéÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ·áñÍÁÝóó, ³ß˳ï³Ýù.
opener [΄əupənə] n μ³óÇã (å³Ñ³ÍáÛÇ, ݳ¨ in ~ ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç. the law came into ~
ßß»ñÇ): ûñ»ÝùÁ áõÅÇ Ù»ç Ùï³í. ïÝï., ½ÇÝ. ûå»-
opening [΄əupəniŋ] n ³Ýóù, μ³óí³Íù, ñ³ódz business/military ~s ·áñͳñ³ñ³-
×»Õù. an ~ in the wall μ³óí³Íù å³ïÇ Ù»ç. ϳÝ/é³½Ù³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. He
an ~ in the forest μ³ó³ï. (ëÏǽμ, μ³óáõÙ) planned the whole ~ ܳ Íñ³·ñ»É ¿ñ ³ÙμáÕç
the ~ of the novel í»åÇ ëÏǽμÁ. the ~ of an ·áñÍÁÝóóÁ. mining ~s ѳÝù³ÛÇÝ
exhibition óáõó³Ñ³Ý¹»ëÇ μ³óáõÙÁ. (Ñݳ- ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñ. ~s room Ññ³Ù³Ý³ï³-
ñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ, ³½³ï å³ßïáÝ) an ~ for a ñ³Ï³Ý Ï»ï. μÅßÏ. íÇñ³Ñ³ïáõÃÛáõÝ He had
doctor μÅßÏÇ Ã³÷áõñ å³ßïáÝ. ~s for school a heart ~ ܳ ëñïÇ íÇñ³Ñ³ïáõÃÛáõÝ ï³-
leavers Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ßñç³Ý³- ñ³í£
í³ñïÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ: operational [‚ɒpə΄rei∫nəl] a ·áñÍáÕ, ·áñ-
opening [΄əupəniŋ] a ëϽμݳϳÝ, ³é³çÇÝ. ͳéݳϳÝ, ³ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ. ~ methods
μ³óÙ³Ý, Ý»ñ³Í³Ï³Ý. the ~ chapters ëϽμÇ/ ߳ѳ·áñÍÙ³Ý »Õ³Ý³ÏÝ»ñ. ~ unit ·áñÍáÕ
³é³çÇÝ ·ÉáõËÝ»ñÁ. an ~ address μ³óÙ³Ý ëïáñ³μ³Å³ÝáõÙ:
Ëáëù. ~ ceremony ѳݹÇë³íáñ μ³óáõÙ. ~ operation code [‚ɒpə΄rei∫n kəud] ÑÙÏñ·.
night ³é³çÇÝ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõÙ. åñ»ÙÇ»ñ³. ~ ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ïá¹£
price ïÝï. ݳËÝ³Ï³Ý ·ÇÝÁ: operation decoder [‚ɒpə΄rei∫n di΄kəudə]
openly [΄əupənli] adv μ³ó»Çμ³ó, μ³ó³Ñ³Û- ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ í»ñͳÝÇã:
ïáñ»Ý. ³ÝÏ»ÕÍáñ»Ý: operative [΄ɒpərətiv] 1. n μ³Ýíáñ. ³ñï³¹-
open-minded [‚əupən΄maindid] a ɳÛÝ ñáõÃÛ³Ý áÉáñïÇ ³ß˳ïáÕ. Ñ»ï³Ëáõ½áõ-
Ùï³ÑáñǽáÝ áõÝ»óáÕ. ³ÝϳÝ˳ϳÉ, ÃÛ³Ý ³ß˳ïáÕ. 2. a ·áñÍáÕ (ûñ»Ýù ¨
³ñ¹³ñ³óÇ: ³ÛÉÝ), ·áñÍáõÝ, áõÅÇ Ù»ç. become ~ áõÅÇ Ù»ç
openness [΄əupənnəs] n ³ÝÏ»ÕÍáõÃÛáõÝ, ßÇ- ÙïÝ»É. The regulations become ~on 10 Sep-
ï³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ³ÏÝѳÛïáõÃÛáõÝ: tember γÝáÝÝ»ñÁ áõÅÇ Ù»ç »Ý ÙïÝáõÙ
open-work [΄əupənwə:k] n ó³Ýó³Ï³ñ (Ù»- ë»åï»Ùμ»ñÇ ï³ëÇó:
ñ»Åϳ): operator [΄ɒpəreitə] n íÇñ³μáõÛÅ, ûå»ñ³-
opera [΄ɒprə] n ûå»ñ³. ~ house ûå»ñ³ÛÇÝ ïáñ (Ù»ù»Ý³ÛÇ, ¹³½·³ÑÇ). (é³¹Çá, Ñ»é³-
óïñáÝ. ~ glasses óï»ñ³Ï³Ý ѻ鳹Ç- Ëáë) ٻ˳ÝÇÏ, Ñ»é³Ëáë³í³ñ. He is a big
ï³Ï. I was at the ~ last night ºñ»Ï »ñ»ÏáÛ³Ý time ~ ܳ Ëáßáñ ·áñͳñ³ñ ¿. slick/smooth ~
»ë ûå»ñ³ ¿Ç ·Ý³ó»É: ׳ñåÇÏ Ù³ñ¹:
operate [΄ɒpəreit] v ·áñÍ»É, ³ß˳ï»É. ~ on ophthalmic [ɒf΄θælmik] a ³ãùÇ. ~ surgeon
electricity ¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ ³ß˳ï»É. ³ãùÇ íÇñ³μáõÛÅ:
~ under certain conditions áñáß³ÏÇ å³ÛÙ³Ý- opinion [ə΄pinjən] n ϳñÍÇù, ï»ë³Ï»ï,
Ý»ñáõÙ ³ß˳ï»É. (í³ñ»É, ջϳí³ñ»É) ~ »½ñ³Ï³óáõÃÛáõÝ£
the machine Ù»ù»Ý³Ý ß³ñÅÙ³Ý Ù»ç ¹Ý»É. opinionated [ə΄pinjəneitid] a ÇÝùݳíëï³Ñ,
(íÇñ³Ñ³ï»É) be ~d on for appendicitis ÏáõÛ- ѳٳé:
ñ³ÕÇùÁ íÇñ³Ñ³ï»É. They ~d on his lungs opium [΄əupiəm] n ³÷ÇáÝ, ûåÇáõÙ:
Üñ³ ÃáùÁ íÇñ³Ñ³ï»óÇÝ. These factors will opponent [ə΄pəunənt] 1. n ѳϳé³Ïáñ¹,
~ to his advantage ²Ûë ѳݷ³Ù³ÝùÝ»ñÁ Áݹ¹ÇÙ³Ëáë. 2. a ÃßݳٳϳÝ, ³Ýμ³ñÛ³-
Ï·áñÍ»Ý Ýñ³ û·ïÇÝ: ó³Ï³Ù, ѳϳ¹Çñ:
operatic [‚ɒpə΄rætik] a ûå»ñ³ÛÇÝ: opportune [΄ɒpətju:n] a å³ï»Ñ, ѳñÙ³ñ,
operating [΄ɒpəreitiŋ] a ·áñÍáÕ. ~ mecha- ųٳݳÏÇÝ. å³ïß³×. an ~ remark ï»ÕÇÝ
nism. ·áñÍáÕ Ù»Ë³ÝǽÙ. ~ costs ïÝï. ß³- ¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. at an ~ moment ѳñÙ³ñ å³-
ѳ·áñÍÙ³Ý/ÁÝóóÇÏ Í³Ëë»ñ. μÅßÏ. íÇ- ÑÇÝ. Your arrival was most ~ Ò»ñ ųٳÝáõÙÁ
ñ³Ñ³ï³Ï³Ý. ~ knife/table íÇñ³Ñ³ï³Ï³Ý ß³ï ųٳݳÏÇÝ ¿ñ:
¹³Ý³Ï/ë»Õ³Ý. ~ theatre ³Ý³ïáÙÇ³Ï³Ý opportunity [‚ɒpə΄tju:nəti] n Ñݳñ³íáñáõ-
¹³ÑÉÇ×, Ñ»ñÓ³ñ³Ý: ÃÛáõÝ, å³ï»Ñ/ѳñÙ³ñ ³éÇÃ. take/seize the
oppose 573 oral

~ ³éÇÃÇó û·ïí»É. ~ gap Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ- Ï³Ý ~ illusion ï»ëáÕ³Ï³Ý Ë³μϳÝù:


Ý»ñÇ ³Ýѳí³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. lose an ~ ³éÇÃÁ optician [ɒp΄ti∫n] n ûåïÇϳÛÇ Ù³ëݳ·»ï.
ÏáñóÝ»É. miss/let an ~ slip ³éÇÃÁ μ³ó ÃáÕ- the ~‘s(shop) ûåïÇϳ:
Ý»É. await one’s ~ ѳñÙ³ñ ³éÇÃÇ ëå³ë»É. optics [΄ɒptiks] n ûåïÇϳ:
get the ~ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ: optimization [‚ɒptimai΄zei∫n] n ûåïÇÙ³-
oppose [ə΄pəuz] v ¹ÇÙ³¹ñ»É, Áݹ¹ÇٳݳÉ, ɳóáõÙ, μ³ñ»Ýå³ëï å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ÁÝï-
³é³ñÏ»É. ÅËï»É. ~ the enemy ÃßݳÙáõÝ ¹Ç- ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
Ù³¹ñ»É. ~ the decision Áݹ¹ÇÙ³Ý³É áñáßÙ³- optimism [΄ɒptimiz(ə)m] n ɳí³ï»ëáõ-
ÝÁ. ~ the scheme Íñ³·ñÇÝ ¹»Ù ÉÇÝ»É. ~ the ÃÛáõÝ, ûåïÇÙǽÙ:
motion ³é³ç³ñÏÇÝ ¹»Ù ÉÇÝ»É: optimist [΄ɒptimist] n ɳí³ï»ë, ûåïÇ-
opposed [ə΄pəuzd] a ѳϳ¹Çñ. diametrically ÙÇëï:
~ view ïñ³Ù³·Íáñ»Ý ѳϳé³Ï ϳñÍÇù- optimistic [΄ɒptimistik] a ɳí³ï»ë³Ï³Ý,
Ý»ñ: ûåïÇÙÇëï³Ï³Ý: be ~ ɳí³ï»ë ÉÇÝ»É. ѳ-
opposite [΄ɒpəzit] n ѳϳ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳϳ- Ùá½í³Í ÉÇÝ»É:
å³ïÏ»ñ. direct ~ ϳï³ñÛ³É Ñ³Ï³¹ñáõ- optimum [΄ɒptiməm] n ûåïÇÙáõÙ, ³Ù»Ý³-
ÃÛáõÝ the exact ~ áõÕÇÕ Ñ³Ï³¹ÇñÁ. think just μ³ñ»Ýå³ëï (³Ù»Ý³μ³ñ»Ýå³ëï å³Û-
/quite the ~ ÉñÇí ѳϳé³Ï ϳñÍÇùÇ ÉÇݻɣ Ù³ÝÝ»ñÇ ³ÙμáÕçáõÃÛáõÝ):
opposite [΄ɒpəzit] a ѳϳé³Ï, ѳϳ¹Çñ. in option [΄ɒp∫n] n ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝ, ï³ñμ»ñ³Ï.
the ~ direction ѳϳé³Ï áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ: have no ~ ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝ/ï³ñμ»ñ³Ï ãáõÝ»-
opposite [΄ɒpəzit] 1. adv ¹ÇÙ³ó, ¹»Ù. He ݳÉ. keep one’s ~ open ¹»é¨ë ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝ
lives (directly) ~ ܳ áõÕÇÕ Ù»ñ ¹ÇÙ³ó ¿ Ï³ï³ñ³Í ãÉÇÝ»É. life-style ~ Ï»Ýë³á×Ç
³åñáõÙ. 2. prep sit ~ each other ¹»Ù ¹ÇÙ³ó ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝ. have the ~of going to Paris or
Ýëï»É. the house ~ ours Ù»ñ ï³Ý ¹ÇÙ³óÇ London ö³ñǽ ϳ٠ÈáݹáÝ ·Ý³Éáõ ÙÇç¨
ß»ÝùÁ: ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³ï³ñ»É. imprisonment with-
opposition [‚ɒpə΄zi∫n] n ¹ÇÙ³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ, out the ~ of a fine Çñ³í. ³é³Ýó ïáõ·³Ýùáí
Áݹ¹ÇÙáõÃÛáõÝ meet with ~ ¹ÇÙ³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý/ ÷á˳ñÇÝ»Éáõ μ³Ýï³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
³é³ñÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ý¹Çå»É. offer ~ to the optional [΄ɒp∫nəl] a ÁÝïñáíÇ, áã å³ñï³-
enemy ÃßݳÙáõÝ ¹ÇÙ³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ óáõÛó ¹Çñ, ϳٳíáñ. ~ courses ϳÙÁÝïñ³Ï³Ý
ï³É.run up against ~ ¹ÇÙ³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ý- ¹³ëÁÝóóÝ»ñ. French is ~ üñ³Ýë»ñ»ÝÁ
¹Çå»É the ~ ùÕù. Áݹ¹ÇÙáõÃÛáõÝ (´ñÇï³- ϳÙÁÝïñ³Ï³Ý ¿/å³ñï³¹Çñ ã¿:
ÝdzÛáõÙ): opulence [΄ɒpjuləns] n ѳñëïáõÃÛáõÝ£
oppress [ə΄pres] v ×Ýß»É. ϻջù»É. feel ~ed opulent [΄ɒpjulənt] a ѳñáõëï, ÷³ñóÙ,
ÁÝÏ×í³Í ÉÇÝ»É, Ý»Õí»É. be ~ed by heat/ by ×áË:
gloomy thoughts ßá·Çó/Ùé³ÛÉ Ùïù»ñÇó Ý»Õ- opus [΄əupəs] n »ñ³Åßï³Ï³Ý ëï»Õͳ·áñ-
í»É: ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, ûåáõë. magnum ~ ³Ù»Ý³Ù»Í
oppression [ə΄pre∫n] n ×ÝßáõÙ, ϻջùáõÙ, ëï»Õͳ·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ:
ѳɳͳÝù. ÁÝÏ×í³Í íÇ׳Ï: or [ɔ:] cj ϳÙ. for a day ~ two Ù»Ï Ï³Ù »ñÏáõ
oppressive [ə΄presiv] a ×ÝßáÕ, ͳÝñ, Ùé³ÛÉ. ûñáí. a brush ~ something Ëá½³Ý³Ï Ï³Ù
¹³Å³Ý, ËÇëï. an ~ regime ËÇëï/ ¹³Å³Ý ¹ñ³ ÝÙ³Ý ÙÇ μ³Ý. either ~ ϳمϳÙ. ~ else
ϳé³í³ñáõÙ. ~ heat ×ÝßáÕ ï³å/ ßá·. ~ ³Ûɳå»ë. ~ so Ùáï³íáñ³å»ë. without help
taxes ͳÝñ ѳñÏ»ñ: ~ advice ³é³Ýó áñ¨¿ û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³Ù
oppressor [ə΄presə] n ϻջùÇã, ѳñëï³- ËáñÑñ¹Ç:
ѳñÇã: oracle [΄ɒrəkl] n ·áõß³Ï, Ù³ñ·³ñ».
opt [ɒpt] v ÁÝïñ»É, ݳËÁÝïñ»É, ·»ñ³¹³- åïÙ. å³ï·³Ù³Ëáë, å³ï·³Ù³Ëáë³-
ë»É: ~ for science ·»ñ³¹³ë»É ×ß·ñÇï ·Ç- ñ³Ý:
ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ: oracular [ɒ΄rækjulə] a Ù³ñ·³ñ»³-
optic [΄ɒptik] a ï»ëáճϳÝ, ³ãùÇ ~ nerve ϳÝ, ÇÙ³ëïáõÝ. ѳݻÉáõϳÛÇÝ, ³é»ÕÍí³-
ϽÙË. ï»ëáÕ³Ï³Ý ÝÛ³ñ¹: ͳÛÇÝ:
optical [΄ɒptikl] a ï»ëáճϳÝ, ûåïÇϳ- oral [΄ɔ:rəl] a μ³Ý³íáñ. μÅßÏ. μ»ñ³Ý³μáõ-
oral 574 ordering relation

ųϳÝ. μ»ñ³ÝÇ, μ»ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ. ~ presentation ordain [ɔ:΄dein] v ϳñ·³¹ñ»É, ë³ÑٳݻÉ,


μ³Ý³íáñ »ÉáõÛÃ: ïÝoñÇÝ»É. what fate has ~ed ÇÝãÁ ë³ÑÙ³Ý-
oral [΄ɔ:rəl] n μ³Ý³íáñ ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ: í³Í ¿ ׳ϳﳷñáí. be ~ed ÏñáÝ. Ó»éݳ-
orally [΄ɔ:rəli] adv μ³Ý³íáñ Ï»ñåáí. not to ¹ñí»É:
be taken ~ μÅßÏ. áã Ý»ñùÇÝ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý ordeal [ɔ:΄di:l] n ͳÝñ ÷áñÓáõÃÛáõÝ. åïÙ.
ѳٳñ: »ñÏݳÛÇÝ ¹³ï³ëï³Ý:
orange [΄ɒrindз] n ݳñÇÝç. blood ~ ³ñù³Û³- order [΄ɔ:də] n ϳñ·. Ùdzμ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ûñ-
ݳñÇÝç. ݳñÝç»ÝÇ (ͳéÁ). ݳñÝç³- ¹»Ý. in alphabetical ~ ³Ûμμ»Ý³Ï³Ý ϳñ·áí.
·áõÛÝ: in ~ of importance Áëï ϳñ¨áñáõÃÛ³Ý. the
orange [΄ɒrindз] a ݳñÝçÇ, ݳñÝç³·áõÛÝ. ~ natural ~ of things Çñ»ñÇ μÝ³Ï³Ý Ï³ñ·Á.
tree ݳñÝç»ÝÇ. ~ juice ݳñÝçÇ ÑÛáõÃ. ~ blos- ½ÇÝí. ß³ñù, ß³ñ³Ï³ñ· in battle ~ Ù³ñï³-
som ÃáõñÇÝçÇ (ݳñÝçÇ ï»ë³Ï) ·áõÛÝ. ~ peel Ï³Ý ß³ñùáí/ϳñ·áí. (ϳñ·, ϳÝáݳíáñ/
ݳñÝçÇ Ï»Õ¨/óáõϳï: ϳñ·ÇÝ íÇ׳Ï) in good ~ ϳÝáݳíáñ
orangery [΄ɒrindзəri] n ݳñÝç³Ýáó, /ϳñ·ÇÝ/μ³ñíáù íÇ׳ÏáõÙ. out of ~ ÑÇ-
ݳñÝç³ëï³Ý: í³Ý¹. ³Ýë³ñù. The lift is out of ~ ì»ñ»-
orate [ɔ:΄reit] v ÏïÏ. ׳é»É, ׳ٳñï³Ï»É: ɳÏáõÙ ³Ýë³ñùáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³. The car is in
oration [ə΄rei∫n] n Ññ³å³ñ³Ï³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝ, working ~ Ø»ù»Ý³Ý ÝáñÙ³É ³ß˳ïáõÙ ¿. Is
Ññ³å³ñ³Ï³ÛÇÝ ×³é. ù»ñ. Ëáëù. direct/in- it in ~ to? ²ñ¹Ûá±ù ×Çßï ÏÉÇÝÇ, ... àãDZÝã,
direct ~ áõÕÕ³ÏÇ/³ÝáõÕÕ³ÏÇ Ëáëù: »Ã»... put in ~ ϳñ·Ç μ»ñ»É. get out of ~
orator [΄ɒrətə] n Ñé»ïáñ, ׳é³Ëáë: ÷ã³Ý³É, ˳ݷ³ñí»É. in bad ~ ³ÝϳÝáÝ
oratorical [‚ɒrə΄tɒrikl] a Ñé»ïáñ³Ï³Ý, íݳëí³Í. keep ~ ϳñ· å³Ñå³Ý»É. restore
׳ñï³ë³Ý³Ï³Ý: ~ ϳñ·Á (ϳñ·³å³ÑáõÃÛáõÝÁ) í»ñ³-
oratory I [΄ɒrətəri] n Ñé»ïáñ³Ï³Ý/ ׳ñ- ϳݷݻÉ. public ~ ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ϳñ·.
ï³ë³Ý³Ï³Ý ³ñí»ëï: (ϳÝáݳ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ϳÝáݳϳñ·, ÁݹáõÝ-
oratory II [΄ɒrətəri] n Ù³ïáõé, ³Õáó- í³Í ϳñ·.) the ~ of the day ûñ³Ï³ñ·.
ïáõÝ: The question is not in ~ ²Û¹ ѳñóÁ
orb [ɔ:b] n ·áõݹ, ·Ý¹³Ó¨ Ù³ñÙÇÝ. ûñ³Ï³ñ·áõÙ ãϳ. call smb to ~ ϳñ·Ç Ññ³-
»ñÏݳÛÇÝ Ù³ñÙÇÝ. áõÕ»ÍÇñ. ³ÏݳËÝÓáñ, íÇñ»É (Ù»ÏÇÝ). standing ~ ËáñÑñ¹³ñ³ÝÇ
³ãùÇ ËÝÓáñ: ûñ³Ï³ñ·. standing ~s ϳÝáݳ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ,
orbit [΄ɔ:bit] n (ÙáÉáñ³ÏÇ) áõÕ»ÍÇñ. ³ãùÇ Ï³Ýáݳϳñ·£
Ëáéáã. the ~ of the Earth ºñÏñÇ áõÕ»ÍÇñÁ. put order [΄ɔ:də] v ϳñ·Ç μ»ñ»É. ~ one’s time ų-
a satellite into ~ ³ñμ³ÝÛ³ÏÁ áõÕ»ÍÇñ ¹áõñë ٳݳÏÁ μ³ßË»É/ϳñ·³íáñ»É. (Ññ³Ù³Û»É)
μ»ñ»É. The rocket is now in ~ ÐñÃÇéÝ ³ñ¹»Ý He likes to ~ people ܳ ëÇñáõÙ ¿ μáÉáñÇÝ
áõÕ»ÍñáõÙ ¿: Ññ³Ù³Û»É. ~ off the field ¹³ßïÇó Ñ»é³óÝ»É.
orbit [΄ɔ:bit] v áõÕ»Íñáí åïïí»É. The space- The doctor ~ed her to stay in bed ´ÅÇßÏÁ ϳñ-
craft is ~ing (round) the moon îÇ»½»ñ³Ý³íÁ ·³¹ñ»ó Ýñ³Ý ÙÝ³É ³ÝÏáÕÝáõÙ. (å³ï-
åïïíáõÙ ¿ ÉáõëÝÇ ßáõñçÁ: íÇñ»É) ~ a taxi/lunch ï³ùëÇ/ݳ˳׳ß
orchard [΄ɔ:t∫əd] n åïÕ³ïáõ ³Û·Ç, Ùñ·³ë- å³ïíÇñ»É. She has ~ed a new coat ܳ Ýáñ
ï³Ý. a cherry ~ μ³É»Ýáõ ³Û·Ç: í»ñ³ñÏáõ ¿ å³ïíÇñ»É. ~ book å³ï-
orchestra [΄ɔ:kistrə] n Ýí³·³ËáõÙμ. ³Ù. í»ñÝ»ñÇ ·Çñù. ~ form å³ïí»ñÇ μɳÝÏ:
óïñ. å³ñï»ñ: ordered pair [΄ɔ:dəd peə] ÑÙÏñ·. ϳñ-
orchestral [΄ɔ:kestrəl] a Ýí³·³ËÙμÇ, Ýí³- ·³íáñí³Í ½áõÛ·£
·³ËÙμ³ÛÇÝ. with ~ accompaniment Ýí³·³- ordering relation [΄ɔ:dəriŋ ri΄lei∫n] ϳñ·Ç
ËÙμÇ Ýí³·³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ùμ: ѳñ³μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. (Ññ³Ù³Ý, ϳñ·³¹ñáõ-
orchestrate [΄ɔ:kistreit] v (»ñ³Åßï³Ï³Ý ÃÛáõÝ) by ~ Ññ³Ù³Ýáí. by ~ of the general ·»-
»ñÏÁ) ·áñÍÇù³íáñ»É: Ý»ñ³ÉÇ Ññ³Ù³Ýáí. be under ~s Ññ³Ù³ÝÇ
orchestration [‚ɔ:ki΄strei∫n] n ·áñÍÇù³íá- ï³Ï ÉÇÝ»É. confirming ~ ѳëï³ïáÕ Ññ³-
ñáõÙ, Ýáï³·ñáõÙ Ýí³·³ËÙμÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ: Ù³Ý. follow/obey ~s Ññ³Ù³ÝÁ ϳï³ñ»É.
orchid [΄ɔ:kid] n μëμ. ËáÉáñÓ: disobey ~s Ññ³Ù³ÝÁ ãϳï³ñ»É. I won’t take
orderliness 575 orient

~s ºë ÃáõÛÉ ã»Ù ï³ ÇÝÓ Ï³ñ·³¹ñ»Ý. an ~ of ore [ɔ:] n ѳÝù³ÝÛáõÃ, ѳÝù³ù³ñ:


the court Çñ³í. ¹³ï³ñ³ÝÇ Ï³ñ·³¹ñáõ- ore-dressing [΄ɔ:‚dresiŋ] n ѳÝù³ÝÛáõÃÇ
ÃÛáõÝÁ. (å³ïí»ñ) place an ~ for smth áñ¨¿ Ùß³ÏáõÙ, ѳÝùÇ Ñ³ñëï³óáõÙ:
μ³Ý å³ïíÇñ»É. made to ~ å³ïí»ñáí/Áëï organ [΄ɔ:gən] n ϽÙË., ùÕù. ûñ·³Ý. »ñÅß.
å³ïí»ñÇ ³ñí³Í. That’s a pretty tall ~ ÷Ëμ. »ñ·»ÑáÝ. (Ù³ÙáõÉ) ûñÃ, Éñ³·Çñ. ~s of go-
¸³ μ³ñ¹ ËݹÇñ ¿. (ýÇݳÝëÝ»ñ) ban- vernment ϳé³í³ñ³Ï³Ý ûñ·³ÝÝ»ñ. Ï»Ýë.
ker’s/standing ~ Ùßï³Ï³Ý/ϳÝáݳíáñ ϳñ- ûñ·³Ý, Ù³ñÙÇÝ the reproductive ~s μ³½Ù³ó-
·³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ μ³ÝÏÇÝ. money/postal ~ ¹ñ³- Ù³Ý ûñ·³ÝÝ»ñ. ~ of speech/digestion Ëáë»-
Ù³ÛÇÝ/÷áëï³ÛÇÝ ÷á˳ÝóáõÙ. abilities of a Éáõ/Ù³ñëáÕáõÃÛ³Ý ûñ·³Ý. play the ~ »ñ·»-
high ~ ³ñï³Ï³ñ· áõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. spend ÑáÝ Ýí³·»É:
in the ~ of a million ͳËë»É Ùáï³íáñ³å»ë organ-grinder [΄ɔ:gən‚graində] n ó÷³-
Ù»Ï ÙÇÉÇáÝÇ ßñç³Ý³ÏÝ»ñáõÙ. (ßù³Ýß³Ý, é³ßñçÇÏ »ñ·»Ñáݳѳñ:
å³ïí³Ýß³Ý) be awarded an ~ ßù³Ýß³Ýáí organic [ɔ:΄gænik] a ÑÇÙݳϳÝ, ë³ÑÙ³-
å³ñ·¨³ïñí»É. He was wearing his ~s ܳ ݳ¹ñ³Ï³Ý. Ï»Ýë., ùÇÙ. ûñ·³Ý³Ï³Ý£
ѳ·ÝáõÙ ¿ñ Çñ μáÉáñ ßù³Ýß³ÝÝ»ñÁ. in ~ organism [΄ɔ:gəniz(ə)m] n ûñ·³ÝǽÙ, Ï»Ý-
to/that áñå»ë½Ç: ¹³ÝÇ Ù³ñÙÇÝ. ÷Ëμ. ϳéáõóí³Íù. social ~
orderliness [΄ɔ:dəlinəs] n ϳÝáݳíáñáõ- ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ϳéáõóí³Íù:
ÃÛáõÝ, ×ßï³å³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ: organist [΄ɔ:gənist] n »ñ·»Ñáݳѳñ:
orderly [΄ɔ:dəli] n ½ÇÝ. ѳÝÓݳϳï³ñ, organization [‚ɔ:gənai΄zei∫n] n ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñ-
ϳå³íáñ. μÅßÏ. ë³ÝÇï³ñ£ åáõÃÛáõÝ. international ~s ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ Ï³½-
orderly [΄ɔ:dəli] a ϳñ·³å³Ñ, å³ñï³×³- ٳϻñåáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. civic ~ ù³Õ³ù³ódz-
ݳã, ϳñ·ÇÝ. ~ work ÏáÏÇÏ/É³í ³ß˳- Ï³Ý Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝ. non-profit ~ ß³-
ï³Ýù. ~ clothes ÏáÏÇÏ Ñ³·áõëï. ½ÇÝ. Ñ»ñ- ÑáõÛà ãÑ»ï³åݹáÕ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝ.
óå³Ñ. The crowd was quite ~ ´³½- non-governmental ~ (NGO) áã ϳé³í³ñ³-
ÙáõÃÛáõÝÁ ϳñ·áõϳÝáÝ ¿ñ å³Ñå³ÝáõÙ. an Ï³Ý Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝ. the World Health ~
~ mind ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåí³Í/ϳñ·³å³Ñ ²éáÕç³å³ÑáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ß˳ñѳÛÇÝ
ÙÇïù/μ³Ý³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝ. United Nations ~ (UNO)
ordinal [΄ɔ:dinl] n ¹³ë³Ï³Ý Ãí³Ï³Ý (ݳ¨ ØdzóÛ³É ³½·»ñÇ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝ
~ number). ¹³ë³Ï³Ý, Ñ»ñóϳÝ: (زÎ). (ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÙ) ~ of a conference
ordinance [΄ɔ:dinəns] n Ññ³Ù³Ý³·Çñ, ·Çï³ÅáÕáíÇ/ÏáÝý»ñ³ÝëÇ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñ-
í×Çé. Í»ë, ³ñ³ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ: åáõÙ. ~ of a new club/circle Ýáñ ³ÏáõÙμÇ/
ordinarily [΄ɔ:dinrəli] adv ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý ËÙμ³ÏÇ ëï»ÕÍáõÙ:
Ó¨áí, ëáíáñ³μ³ñ. She behaved quite~ ܳ organize [΄ɔ:gənaiz] v ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñå»É. ~ a
Çñ»Ý ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý Ó¨áí ¿ñ å³ÑáõÙ. He was party »ñ»ÏáõÛà ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñå»É. ~ a project
more than ~ polite ܳ ëáíáñ³Ï³ÝÇó ³í»ÉÇ Ý³Ë³·ÇÍ Ý³Ë³å³ïñ³ëï»É. be good at
ù³Õ³ù³í³ñÇ ¿ñ: organizing ɳí ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåÇã ÉÇÝ»É:
ordinary [΄ɔ:dnəri] a ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý, ѳë³- organized [΄ɔ:gənaizd] a ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåí³Í.
ñ³Ï, ß³ñù³ÛÇÝ, ÙÇç³Ï. out of ~ ³ñï³ëá- ~ resistance ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåí³Í ¹ÇÙ³¹ñáõ-
íáñ. ~ way of talking Ëáë»Éáõ ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý ÃÛáõÝ. a well ~ crime ɳí ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåí³Í
Ó¨. He’s no ~ man ܳ ³Ýëáíáñ Ù³ñ¹ ¿. an ~ ѳÝó³·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ. get oneself ~ ÇÝùÝ Çñ»Ý
country doctor ѳë³ñ³Ï ·ÛáõÕ³Ï³Ý μÅÇßÏ. ѳí³ù»É/ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñå»É:
the ~ American ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý/ÙÇçÇÝ ³Ù»ñÇ- organizer [΄ɔ:gənaizə] n ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñ-
ϳóÇ. ~ reader ß³ñù³ÛÇÝ ÁÝûñóáÕ: åáÕ, ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåÇã. ·ñ³ë»Ý۳ϳÛÇÝ
ordination [‚ɔ:di΄nei∫n] n ϳñ·³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ëå³ëù:
Ó»éݳ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ£ orgy [΄ɔ:dзi] n ë³ÝÓ³ñÓ³Ï ù»ý. ·ÇÝ-
ordnance [΄ɔ:dnəns] n é½Ù. Ññ³ÝáÃÝ»ñ, ³ñμáõù:
Ññ»ï³ÝÇ: oriel [΄ɔ:riəl] n ÷³Ï å³ïß·³Ùμ. (ß»ÝùÇ)
ordure [΄ɔ:djuə] n ÃñÇù, ·áÙ³Õμ. ÷Ëμ. ³å³Ï»å³ï »Éáõëï:
³Ýå³ñÏ»ßïáõÃÛáõÝ: orient [΄ɔ:riənt] 1. n ²ñ¨»Éù. the ~ ²ñ¨»ÉùÇ
orient 576 ossification

»ñÏñÝ»ñ. 2. a ³ñ¨»É۳ݣ brother Ìñ³·ÇñÁ ³é³ç³ó³í/ͳ·»ó ÇÙ


orient [΄ɔ:rient] v ÏáÕÙÝáñáß»É, ï»Õáñáß»É. »Õμáñ ·ÉËáõÙ. Where did the fire ~ ? àñï»±Õ
~ oneself ÏáÕÙÝáñáßí»É: ëÏÇ½μ ³é³í Ññ¹»ÑÁ/Ïñ³ÏÁ:
oriental [‚ɔ:ri΄entl] n, a ²ñ¨»ÉùÇ μݳÏÇã, origination [ə‚ridзə΄nei∫n] n ͳ·áõÙ, ë»-
³ñ¨»ÉóÇ. ³ñ¨»ÉÛ³Ý: ñáõÙ, ëÏǽμ:
orientalist [‚ɔ:ri΄entəlist] n ³ñ¨»É³·»ï: originator [ə΄ridзəneitə] n Ñ»ÕÇݳÏ, ëï»Õ-
orientate [΄ɔ:riənteit] v ÏáÕÙÝáñáß»É. ~ one- ÍáÕ, ݳ˳ӻéÝáÕ:
self ÏáÕÙÝáñáßí»É: ornament [΄ɔ:nəmənt] n ½³ñ¹³ñ³Ýù,
orientation [‚ɔ:riən΄tei∫n] n ÏáÕÙÝáñáßáõÙ, ½³ñ¹£
ÏáÕÙÝáñáßí»ÉÁ: ornament [΄ɔ:nəment] v ½³ñ¹³ñ»É:
orienteering [‚ɔ:riən΄tiəriŋ] n Ùñ½. ï»ÕÇ ornamental [‚ɔ:nə΄mentl] a ½³ñ¹³ÛÇÝ, ¹»-
ÏáÕÙÝáñáßáõÙ, ï»ÕáñáßáõÙ: Ïáñ³ïÇí. The vase is pure ~ ²Ûë ëϳѳÏÁ
orifice [΄ɒrəfis] n ³Ýóù, μ³óí³Íù: å³ñ½³å»ë ½³ñ¹ ¿:
origin [΄ɒridзin] n ͳ·áõÙ, ³ÕμÛáõñ, ëÏǽμ. ornamentation [‚ɔ:nəmen΄tei∫n] n ½³ñ¹³-
å³ï׳é. the ~ of species/of a word ï»ë³Ï- ñ³Ýù:
Ý»ñÇ/μ³éÇ Í³·áõÙ. of immigrant ~ Ý»ñ·³Õ- ornate [ɔ:΄neit] a ·»Õ³½³ñ¹, ѳñáõëï
óÍÝ»ñÇó ë»ñí³Í. of humble ~ ѳë³ñ³Ï ½³ñ¹³ñí³Í. í»ñ³Ùμ³ñÓ, ×áéáÙ (á×):
ͳ·áõÙáí. the ~s of civilization ù³Õ³ù³- orphan [΄ɔ:fn] 1. n áñμ, ÍÝáÕ³½áõñÏ
ÏñÃáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñÙ³ïÝ»ñÁ. the ~s of dispute »ñ»Ë³. 2. a áñμÇ, áñμ³ÛÇÝ. 3. v áñμ³óÝ»É,
í»×Ç å³ï׳éÝ»ñÁ. the ~ of the disease ÑÇ- ÍÝáÕÝ»ñÇó ½ñÏ»É. Many children were ~ed by
í³Ý¹áõÃÛ³Ý ëÏǽμÁ: the war Þ³ï »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñ áñμ³ó³Ý
original [ə΄ridзnəl] n μݳ·Çñ, ëϽμݳ·Çñ. å³ï»ñ³½ÙÇ Ñ»ï¨³Ýùáí:
The ~ is lost ´Ý³·ÇñÁ ãÇ å³Ñå³Ýí»É/Ïáñ»É orphanage [΄ɔ:fənidз] n áñμ³Ýáó:
¿. read Green in the ~ ¶ñÇÝÇÝ μݳ·ñáí ϳñ- orphaned [΄ɔ:fnd] a áñμ³ó³Í, ÍÝáÕÝ»ñÇó
¹³É. He was the ~ of this character ܳ ³Ûë ½ñÏí³Í:
Ï»ñå³ñÇ Ý³Ë³ïÇåÝ ¿. (ï³ñûñÇ- orphanhood [΄ɔ:fnhud] n áñμáõÃÛáõÝ:
ݳÏ/ÇÝùݳïÇå Ù³ñ¹) He’s a bit of an ~ ܳ orthodox [΄ɔ:θədɒks] a áõÕÕ³÷³é, áõÕÕ³-
ÇÝùݳïÇå Ù³ñ¹ ¿: ѳí³ï. ÁݹáõÝí³Í, ³í³Ý¹³Ï³Ý. the ~
original [ə΄ridзnəl] a ëϽμݳϳÝ, ݳËݳ- church áõÕÕ³÷³é »Ï»Õ»óÇ. ~ interpretation
ϳÝ, ³é³çÇÝ. the ~ edition ³é³çÇÝ Ññ³- ³í³Ý¹³Ï³Ý Ù»Ïݳμ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ views
ï³ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ. the ~ source ëϽμݳÕμÛáõñ. ÁݹáõÝí³Í ѳ۳óùÝ»ñ:
the ~ meaning of the word μ³éÇ ëϽμÝ³Ï³Ý orthodoxy [΄ɔ:θədɒksi] n áõÕÕ³÷³éáõ-
ÇÙ³ëïÁ. (μáõÝ, ÑÇÙݳϳÝ, ÇëϳϳÝ) the ~ ÃÛáõÝ:
inhabitants μÝÇÏÝ»ñÁ. ~ member ÑÇÙݳ¹Çñ orthoepy [΄ɔ:θəuepi] n áõÕÕ³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝ:
³Ý¹³Ù. the ~ document ÇëÏ³Ï³Ý ÷³ë- orthographic [‚ɔ:θə΄græfik] a É»½í. áõÕ-
ï³ÃáõÕÃÁ. ~ text μݳ·Çñ. (ÇÝùݳïÇå, Õ³·ñ³Ï³Ý:
ÇÝùÝûñÇݳÏ) an ~ piece of work ÇÝùݳ- orthography [ɔ:΄θɒgrəfi] n áõÕÕ³·ñáõ-
ïÇå ³ß˳ï³Ýù. an ~ artist ÇÝùݳïÇå ÃÛáõÝ:
ÝϳñÇã: orthopedics [‚ɔ:θə΄pi:diks] n áëÏñ³μáõÅáõ-
originality [ə‚ridзə΄næləti] n ÇëÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ÃÛáõÝ, ûñÃá廹dz:
Ûáõñ³ï»ë³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ÇÝùÝáõÃÛáõÝ. The work oscillate [΄ɒsileit] v ×á×í»É. ÷Ëμ. ï³ï³Ý-
lacks ~ ²ß˳ï³ÝùÁ ½áõñÏ ¿ ÇÝùݳïÇ- í»É. ~ between two opinions ï³ï³Ýí»É »ñ-
åáõÃÛáõÝÇó: Ïáõ ϳñÍÇùÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨:
originally [ə΄ridзnəli] adv Ç ÍÝ», ͳ·áõÙáí, oscillation [‚ɒsi΄lei∫n] n ×á×áõÙ, ï³ï³-
ëϽμݳå»ë: ÝáõÙ:
originate [ə΄ridзəneit] v ëï»ÕÍ»É, ëϽμݳ- osier [΄əuziə] n çñáõéÇ, áõéÇ, áõé»ÝÇ:
íáñ»É. ͳ·»É, ëÏÇ½μ ³éÝ»É. ³é³ç³Ý³É. osseous [΄ɒsiəs] a áëÏñáï. ÷ßáï, ÷ß³é³ï.
She ~d a new fashion ܳ Ýáñ Ùá¹³ ëï»ÕÍ»ó. áëÏñÇ, áëÏñ³ÛÇÝ:
A dispute ~d ì»× ͳ·»ó. The plan ~d with my ossification [‚ɒsifi΄kei∫n] n áëÏñ³óáõÙ:
ossify 577 out

ossify [΄ɒsifai] v áëÏñ³óÝ»É, áëÏñ³Ý³É: ³í»ÉÇ í³Õ ·Ý³óÇ ³ÛÝï»Õ, ³Ûɳå»ë Ýñ³Ý
ossuary [΄ɒsjuəri] n ßÇñÇÙ, ·»ñ»½Ù³Ý. ³×- ³ÛÝï»Õ ã¿Ç ·ïÝÇ:
Ûáõݳë³÷áñ: otherwise-minded [΄Λðəwaiz‚maindid] a
ostensible [ɒ΄stensəbl] a Ï»ÕÍ, óáõó³¹ñ³- ³ÛÉ Ùï³ÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý ï»ñ, ³ÛɳËáÑ:
ϳÝ. ~ reason ßÇÝÍáõ å³ï׳é. ~ authority otherworldly [‚Λðə΄wə:ldli] a áã ³Ûë ³ß-
ϳñÍ»óÛ³É Édz½áñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. ~ ownership ˳ñÑÇó. ³Ýï»ÕÛ³Ï. »ñ³½áÕ:
Ãí³óÛ³É ë»÷³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: otologist [əu΄tɒlədзist] n ³Ï³ÝçÇ μÅÇßÏ:
ostensibly [ɒ΄stensəbli] adv ³ñï³ùݳå»ë. otophone [΄əutəfəun] n ûïáýáÝ (Éë»Éáõ
Çμñ û. He called ~ to deliver a note ܳ »Ï»É ë³ñù):
¿ñ Çμñ û »ñÏïáÕÁ ѳÝÓÝ»Éáõ: otoscope [΄əutəskəup] n μÅßÏ. ûïáëÏáå:
ostentation [‚ɒsten΄tei∫n] n óáõÛó, óáõó³Ùá- otter [΄ɒtə] n çñ³ë³ÙáõÛñ (ݳ¨ ÙáñÃÇÝ):
ÉáõÃÛáõÝ. This is simply ~ ê³ å³ñ½³å»ë ottoman [΄ɒtəmən] n ³ÝÃÇÏÝáó μ³½Ùáó/
óáõó³ÙáÉáõÃÛáõÝ ¿: óËï:
ostentatious [‚ɒsten΄tei∫əs] a óáõó³Ï³Ý, ought [ɔ:t] v å»ïù ¿ (áñ). You ~ to tell her
óáõó³ÙáɳϳÝ. behave in an ~ way/manner ä»ïù ¿ áñ Ýñ³Ý ³ë»Çù. She ~ to come ܳ
Çñ»Ý óáõó³¹ñ»É/Ç óáõÛó ¹Ý»É: å»ïù ¿ áñ ·³. (ѳí³Ý³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ) He ~
ostler [΄ɒslə] n Ódzå³Ý, ³Ëáé³å³Ý: to be there by now ܳ ѳí³Ý³μ³ñ ³ñ¹»Ý
ostracism [΄ɒstrə‚siz(ə)m] n ³ñï³ùëáõÙ ³ÛÝï»Õ ¿:
(»ñÏñÇó), ûëïñ³ÏǽÙ: ounce I [auns] n (Ïñ×. oz) áõÝódz (28, 3 ·ñ):
ostracize [΄ɒstrəsaiz] v ³ñï³ùë»É, ûëïñ³- ounce II [auns] n Ñáí³½, ÇÝÓ:
ÏǽÙÇ »ÝóñÏ»É: our [΄auə] prn Ù»ñ. at ~ place Ù»ñ ï³ÝÁ. ~
ostritch [΄ɒstrit∫] n ç³ÛɳÙ. an ~ feather ç³Û- own house Ù»ñ ë»÷³Ï³Ý ïáõÝÁ. We changed
ɳÙÇ ÷»ïáõñ: ~ clothes Ø»Ýù ѳ·áõëïÝ»ñë ÷áË»-
other [΄Λðə] prn ÙÛáõë(Á). One brother is a law- óÇÝù:
yer, the ~ a doctor ØÇ »Õμ³ÛñÁ Çñ³í³μ³Ý ¿, ours [΄auəz] prn a Ù»ñÁ, Ù»ñáÝù. O~ is a large
ÙÛáõëÁª μÅÇßÏ. Where are the ~s? àñï»±Õ »Ý room Ø»ñÁ ÙÇ Áݹ³ñÓ³Ï ë»ÝÛ³Ï ¿. O~ will
ÙÛáõëÝ»ñÁ. We help each ~ Ø»Ýù û·ÝáõÙ »Ýù come later Ø»ñáÝù ³í»ÉÇ áõß Ï·³Ý:
ÙÇÙÛ³Ýó. one or the ~ Ù»ÏÁ ϳ٠ÙÛáõëÁ. no ~ ourselves [‚auə΄selvz] prn ÇÝùÝ»ñë. We de-
than áõñÇß áã áù μ³óÇ. she and ~s like her ݳ corated the hall ~ Ø»Ýù ÇÝùÝ»ñë ½³ñ¹³ñ»-
¨ Ýñ³ ÝÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ. Someone or ~ told me ÆÝã- óÇÝù ¹³ÑÉÇ×Á. between ~ Ù»ñ Ù»ç:
áñ Ù»ÏÝ ÇÝÓ ³ë³ó. I’ll find her somehow or ~ oust [aust] v ¹áõñë ÙÕ»É, ï»ÕÇó/¹ÇñùÇó
ºë Ýñ³Ý ³Ûë ϳ٠³ÛÝ Ï»ñå Ï·ïÝ»Ù: ѳݻÉ. ~ from å³ßïáÝÇó Ñ»é³óÝ»É/
other [΄Λðə] a ³ÛÉ, áõñÇß. ÙÛáõë. on the ~ side ½ñÏ»É:
ÙÛáõë ÏáÕÙáõÙ. some ~ day/time Ù»Ï ³ÛÉ ûñ/ out [aut] n, a »Éù, ëáÕ³Ýóù, ݳѳÝçÇ
áõñÇß ³Ý·³Ù. for quite ~ reasons μáÉáñáíÇÝ ×³Ý³å³ñÑ. ¹ñëÇ, ³ñï³ùÇÝ. ˳ÕÇó
³ÛÉ å³ï׳éÝ»ñáí. none ~ than áã ³ÛÉ áù, ¹áõñë:
ù³Ý. in ~ words ³ÛÉ Ï»ñå ³ë³Í. the ~ day out [aut] adv ¹»åÇ ¹áõñë áõÕÕí³Í. go ~
í»ñç»ñë. every ~ day ³Ù»Ý »ñÏñáñ¹ ûñ. ¹áõñë ·Ý³É. take/fly ~ ¹áõñë ù³ß»É/Ãéã»É.
every ~ line ³Ù»Ý »ñÏñáñ¹ ïáÕ. every ~ per- She/He is ~ î³ÝÁ/î»ÕáõÙ ã¿. His arm is ~ Üñ³
son Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ »ñÏñáñ¹Á. every ~ person èÁ Ñṳ˳Ëï ¿ »Õ»É. The secret is ~
you meet Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ ѳݹÇå³ÍÇÝ: ¶³ÕïÝÇùÁ μ³óí»É ¿. The magazine is ~ ²Ù-
other [΄Λðə] adv ³ÛÉ Ï»ñå/Ó¨áí. I could have ë³·ÇñÁ ÉáõÛë ¿ ï»ë»É. The flowers are ~ ̳-
done no ~ ºë ã¿Ç ϳñáÕ ³ÛÉ Ï»ñå í³ñí»É£ ÕÇÏÝ»ñÁ μ³óí»É »Ý. way ~ »Éù. O~ you go !
otherwise [΄Λðəwaiz] adv think ~ ³ÛÉ Ï»ñå ¸á°õñë ÏáñÇñ. The sun came ~ ²ñ¨Á ¹áõñë
Ùï³Í»É. be ~ engaged áõñÇß ·áñÍáí ½μ³Õ- »Ï³í. leave a word ~ μ³é μ³ó ÃáÕÝ»É. (íÇ-
í³Í ÉÇÝ»É. O~ he is a nice chap ÀݹѳÝáõñ ׳Ï) ~ at sea μ³ó ÍáíáõÙ. ~ in the open μ³ó
³éÙ³Ùμ ݳ ɳí ïÕ³ ¿: û¹áõÙ. a night ~ ³½³ï »ñ»Ïá. have a night ~
otherwise [΄Λðəwaiz] cnj ³Ûɳå»ë, û ã¿. I »ñ»ÏáÛ³Ý áñ¨¿ ï»Õ ·Ý³É. (³í³ñï»É) fill ~
went there early ~ I would have missed him ºë ÉÇùÁ ÉóÝ»É. clear ~ ÙÇÝ㨠í»ñç å³ñ½»É.
outage 578 outfit

(å³ï׳é) ~ of pity/curiosity/gratitude ϳ- í³Í ³ÝÓ. ï³ñ³·Çñ. ³ùëáñÛ³É. ³ÝïáõÝ,


ñ»Ïó³ÝùÇó/Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝÇó/ »ñ³Ë- ³Ý³å³ëï³Ý£
ï³·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝÇó ¹ñ¹í³Í. the biggest crook outclass [‚aut΄kla:s] v ·»ñ³Ïßé»É, ·»ñ³-
~ ³ß˳ñÑÇ ³Ù»Ý³Ù»Í ˳ñ¹³ËÁ. The ½³Ýó»É. ~ all competitors μáÉáñ Ùñó³ÏÇó-
dockers are ~ ܳí³ßÇݳñ³ñÝ»ñÁ ·áñͳ- Ý»ñÇÝ ·»ñ³½³Ýó»É:
¹áõÉ »Ý ³ÝáõÙ. be ~ and about again ÝáñÇó outcome [΄autkΛm] n ³ñ¹ÛáõÝù, ѻ勉Ýù.
áïùÇ íñ³ ÉÇÝ»É. The Tories are ~ ÂáñÇÝ»ñÁ »Éù, ³Ýóù:
³Ûɨë Çß˳ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ·ÉáõË ã»Ý. The fire is ~ outcry [΄autkrai] 1. n ³Õ³Õ³Ï, μ³ó³Ï³Ý-
Îñ³ÏÁ ѳݷ»É ¿. before the year is ~ ÙÇÝ㨠ãáõÃÛáõÝ. μáÕáù. public ~ ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý
ï³ñí³ í»ñçÁ. She’s ~ to get a husband ÏïÏ. μáÕáù. The press raised an ~ سÙáõÉÁ ³Õ³-
ܳ ³ÙáõëÇÝ ¿ ÷ÝïñáõÙ. (ѳïϳÝÇßÇ μ³- Õ³Ï μ³ñÓñ³óñ»ó. 2. v ·áé³É, ³Õ³Õ³Ï»É,
ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ) ~ of colour ·áõÛÝÁ ·ó³Í, μ³ñÓñ μÕ³í»É:
Ëáõݳó³Í. ~ of shape ïÓ¨. ~ of wear outdated [‚aut΄deitid] a Ñݳó³Í, ·áñͳ-
Ùá¹³ÛÇó ¹áõñë »Ï³Í/ÁÝϳÍ. ~ of health ÍáõÃÛáõÝÇó/Ùá¹³ÛÇó ¹áõñë »Ï³Í:
ÑÇí³Ý¹. ~ of hearing Éë»ÉÇáõÃÛ³Ý ë³Ñ- outdistance [‚aut΄distəns] v Ù»ÏÇó ³ÝóÝ»É/
Ù³ÝÝ»ñÇó ¹áõñë. ~ of mind Ùáé³óáõÃÛ³Ý ³é³ç ÁÝÏÝ»É. ~ all the competitors μáÉáñ
ïí³Í. ~ of sight ~ of mind ²ãùÇó Ñ»éáõ Ùñó³ÏÇóÝ»ñÇó ³é³ç ³ÝóÝ»É:
ëñïÇó ¹áõñë. ~ of tune ³ÝÝ»ñ¹³ßݳÏ. tell outdo [‚aut΄du:] v ·»ñ³½³Ýó»É, ³ÝóÝ»É. He
straight/right ~ áõÕÇÕ ³ë»É. run flat ~ ³ÙμáÕç outdid them all in generosity ܳ μáÉáñÇÝ
áõÅáí í³½»É. ~ and away ³ÝϳëϳÍ: ·»ñ³½³Ýó»ó Çñ ٻͳÑá·áõÃÛ³Ùμ:
outage [΄autidз] n å³ñ³åáõñ¹. Ñáë³Ïá- outdoor [΄autdɔ:] a ïÝÇó ¹áõñë, ¹ñëÇ,
ñáõëï. μ³ó ÃáÕÝ»Éáõ ³Ýóù: μ³óûÃÛ³. an ~ theater ³Ù³é³ÛÇÝ Ã³ïñáÝ.
out-and-out [‚autn΄aut] a ÉñÇí, ϳï³ñÛ³É. ~ clothes í»ñݳ½·»ëï:
»ñ¹íÛ³É. ÏïñáõÏ. ~ republican »ñ¹íÛ³É Ñ³Ý- outdoors [‚aut΄dɔ:z] adv ¹ñëáõÙ, μ³ó û¹áõÙ.
ñ³å»ï³Ï³Ý: It’s warm ~ ¸áõñëÁ ï³ù ¿. She’s just gone ~
outbalance [‚aut΄bæləns] v ³í»ÉÇ Í³Ýñ ܳ Ñ»Ýó Ýáñ ¹áõñë »Ï³í. spend time ~
Ïßé»É, ·»ñ³Ïßé»É: ¹ñëáõÙ ÉÇÝ»É/Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ³ÝóϳóÝ»É:
outbid [‚aut΄bid] v ³í»ÉÇ μ³ñÓñ ·ÇÝ ³é³- outdrive [aut΄draiv] v í³½³Ýó ³Ý»É:
ç³ñÏ»É: outer [΄autə] a ¹ñëÇ, ³ñï³ùÇÝ. the ~ islands
outboard [΄autbɔ:d] a Ý³í»½ñÇó ¹áõñë. ~ Ñ»é³íáñ ÏÕ½ÇÝ»ñ. ~ circle ³ñï³ùÇÝ
motor Ý³í»½ñÇó ¹áõñë ϳËáíÇ ß³ñ- ßñç³Ý. the ~ suburbs Ñ»é³íáñ ³ñí³ñÓ³Ý-
ÅÇã: Ý»ñ:
outbound [΄autbaund] a Ù»ÏÝáÕ, áõÕ¨áñ- outermost [΄autəməust] a (Ï»ÝïñáÝÇó)
íáÕ. ~ ship Íáí Ù»ÏÝáÕ Ý³í. ~ airplane ³ñ- ³Ù»Ý³Ñ»éáõ:
ï³ë³ÑÙ³Ý Ù»ÏÝáÕ ÇÝùݳÃÇé: outface [‚aut΄feis] v Çñ»Ý ѳݹáõ·Ý å³Ñ»É.
outbrave [‚aut΄breiv] v ³ñÇáõÃÛ³Ùμ ·»ñ³- ѳݹáõ·Ý ѳ۳óùáí ÙáÉáñ»óÝ»É/ß÷áûó-
½³Ýó»É. ëå³éݳÉÇùÇó ãí³Ë»Ý³É: Ý»É:
outbreak [΄autbreik] n å³ÛÃÛáõÝ, åáéÃÏáõÙ. outfall [΄autfɔ:l] n ³ÏáõÝù, ëÏǽμ, ·»ï³-
an ~ of anger/violence ½³ÛñáõÛÃÇ/μéÝáõÃÛ³Ý, μ»ñ³Ý:
í³Ûñ³·áõÃÛ³Ý åáéÃÏáõÙ. the ~ of hostilities outfield [΄autfi:ld] n Ñ»é³íáñ ¹³ßï»ñ.
å³ï»ñ³½Ù³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÷Ëμ. ³ÝѳÛï/ãáõëáõÙݳëÇñí³Í μݳ·³-
ëÏǽμ: í³é. Ùñ½. ˳ճ¹³ßïÇ Ñ»é³íáñ Ù³ëÁ:
outbuilding [΄aut‚bildiŋ] n ÏÇó/Éñ³óáõóÇã out-fight [‚aut΄fait] v é½Ù. Ïéíáõ٠ѳÕûÉ.
ϳéáõÛó. ~s ûųݹ³Ï ß»Ýù»ñ: Ùñ½. ѳϳé³Ïáñ¹ÇÝ ·»ñ³½³Ýó»É/ѳÕûÉ:
outburst [΄autbə:st] n å³ÛÃÛáõÝ, åáéÃÏáõÙ. outfit [΄autfit] n ë³ñù, u³ñù³íáñáõÙ, ѳÝ-
an ~ of anger/indignation/applause ½³ÛñáõÛÃÇ/ ¹»ñÓ³Ýù. camping ~ ׳Ùμ³ñ³ÛÇÝ ë³ñù³-
íñ¹áíÙáõÝùÇ/ͳ÷³Ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ åáéÃ- íáñáõÙ. a carpenter’s ~ ÑÛáõëÝÇ ·áñÍÇùÝ»ñ.
ÏáõÙ: skiing ~ ¹³ÑáõÏáñ¹Ç ѳݹ»ñÓ³Ýù. ËëÏó.
outcast [΄autka:st] n, a íï³ñ³Ý¹Ç. ѳɳÍ- ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝ, μ³ÅÇÝ He was trans-
outflank 579 out of

ferred to another ~ Üñ³Ý ï»Õ³÷áË»óÇÝ Ù»Ï ÙÇçáó ·ïÝ»É. Çñ³óÙ³Ý ßáõϳ, ³é¨ïñÇ
³ÛÉ Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝ/μ³ÅÇÝ: Ï»ï. ~ for goods ßáõϳ/˳Ýáõà ³åñ³ÝùÇ
outflank [‚aut΄flæŋk] v è³Ýó»É. ~ the enemy ѳٳñ:
ÃßݳÙáõÝ Ã¨³Ýó»É: outline [΄autlain] n áõñí³·ÇÍ, ÁݹѳÝáõñ
outflow [΄autfləu] n ³ÏáõÝù, ·»ïÇ ëÏǽμ. Ýϳñ³·Çñ. draw smth in ~ áõñí³·Í»É ÇÝã-
³ñï³ÑáëáõÙ, »Éù: áñ μ³Ý. in broad/general ~s ÁݹѳÝáõñ
outfly [aut΄flai] v Ãéã»É-³ÝóÝ»É: ·Í»ñáí. ~ of conditions å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³-
outgiving [‚aut΄giviŋ] n ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, Ù³éáï Ýϳñ³·Çñ. (³ÏݳñÏ, ѳٳéáï
³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÙ: ß³ñ³¹ñ³Ýù) ~ of European art ³ÏݳñÏ
outgo [΄autgəu] n »ÉÝ»ÉÁ, ¹áõñë ·³ÉÁ. Ù»Ï- »íñáå³Ï³Ý ³ñí»ëïÇ Ù³ëÇÝ. »íñáå³-
ÝáõÙ, áõÕ¨áñáõÙ£ Ï³Ý ³ñí»ëïÇ áõñí³·ÇÍ:
outgo [‚aut΄gəu] v ·»ñ³½³Ýó»É, Ù»ÏÇó ³- outline [΄autlain] v áõñí³·Í»É, áõñí³Ýϳñ
é³ç ÁÝÏÝ»É: ϳ½Ù»É. ~ the drawing áõñí³·Í»É ·Í³·ÇñÁ/
outgoing [‚aut΄gəuiŋ] a Ñ»é³óáÕ, ·Ý³óáÕ. ÝϳñÁ. (Ýß»É) ~ the main points ÑÇÙݳϳÝ
Ù»ÏÝáÕ, áõÕ¨áñíáÕ. the ~ cabinet Ññ³Å³- Ï»ï»ñÁ Ýß»É. (Ýϳñ³·ñ»É, Ç ÙÇ μ»ñ»É) ~
ñ³Ï³Ý ïíáÕ Ï³μÇÝ»ï/ϳé³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. one’s views Ýϳñ³·ñ»É/Áݹ·Í»É Çñ ï»ë³-
the ~ ambassador å³ßïáݳÃáÕ ¹»ëå³Ý. ~ Ï»ïÝ»ñÁ:
mail/documents »ÉÇó ÷áëï/·ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ, outlive [‚aut΄liv] v (Ù»ÏÇó) ³í»ÉÇ »ñϳñ
÷³ëï³ÃÕûñ. ~ characters ß÷íáÕ Ù³ñ¹/ ³åñ»É. ¹ÇٳݳÉ. ϻݹ³ÝÇ ÙݳÉ, í»ñ³å-
μݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ: ñ»É. She ~d her husband ܳ Çñ ³ÙáõëÝáõó
outgrow [‚aut΄grəu] v í»ñ³×»É, ·»ñ³×»É. ³í»ÉÇ »ñϳñ ³åñ»ó. ~ the disgrace ˳Û-
ѳ·áõëïÁ ÷áùñ³Ý³É. ëáíáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó ï³é³ÏáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ¹ÇٳݳÉ:
³½³ïí»É. ~ one’s clothes ѳ·áõëïÁ ÷áùñ outlook [΄autluk] n ï»ë³ñ³Ý, ï»ëù. the ~
·³É/÷áùñ³Ý³É. ~ the habit ëáíáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ for the harvest μ»ñùÇ ³ÏÝϳÉÇùÁ. (ѳ۳óù,
÷áË»É: Ùï³ÑáñǽáÝ) pessimistic ~ Ñáé»ï»ë³Ï³Ý
outgrowth [΄autgrəuθ] n ·»ñ³×. ßÛáõÕ, ѳ۳óù. the ~ for Sunday û¹»ñ¨Ã. ÏÇñ³ÏÇ
×ÛáõÕ. ³ñ¹ÛáõÝù: ûñí³ »Õ³Ý³ÏÇ ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ:
outhouse [΄authaus] n μ³ÏÇ Ï³éáõÛóÝ»ñ. outlying [΄aut‚laiiŋ] a Ñ»é³íáñ, Ñ»éáõ. ³ñ-
è³ß»Ýù: ï³ùÇÝ, ¹ñëÇ:
outing [΄autiŋ] n ½μáë³Ýù (ù³Õ³ùÇó outmarch [‚aut΄ma:t∫] n ³é³ç ³ÝóÝ»É/ÁÝÏ-
¹áõñë). go on an ~ to the forest ³Ýï³é ·Ý³É Ý»É. ~ all the participants μáÉáñ Ù³ëݳÏÇóÝ»-
½μáë³ÝùÇ: ñÇó ³é³ç ³ÝóÝ»É:
out-jockey [aut΄dзɒki] v ËëÏó. ˳μ»É. Ëá- outmatch [‚aut΄mæt∫] v ·»ñ³½³Ýó»É.
ñ³Ù³ÝÏáõÃÛ³Ùμ ·»ñ³½³Ýó»É: ëïí»ñÇ ï³Ï ÃáÕÝ»É (ÙÛáõëÝ»ñÇÝ):
outlandish [aut΄lændi∫] a ³ñï³³ÑÙ³ÝÛ³Ý, outmoded [‚aut΄məudid] a Ñݳá×, Ùá¹³ÛÇó
ûï³ñ»ñÏñÛ³. ï³ñûñÇݳÏ, ³Ýëáíáñ: ¹áõñë »Ï³Í. Ñݳï³ñ³½:
outlast [‚aut΄la:st] v »ñϳñ ¹ÇٳݳÉ, ³í»ÉÇ outnumber [‚aut΄nΛmbə] v Ãíáí ·»ñ³-
»ñϳñ ³åñ»É. These shoes ~ leather one’s ²Ûë Ïßé»É, ·»ñ³½³Ýó»É. The enemy was ~ed г-
ÏáßÇÏÝ»ñÁ ³í»ÉÇ »ñϳñ »Ý ¹ÇÙ³ÝáõÙ, ù³Ý ϳé³Ïáñ¹Ý»ñÁ Ãíáí ·»ñ³ÏßáõÙ ¿ÇÝ/·»ñ³-
ϳßíÇ ÏáßÇÏÝ»ñÁ: ½³ÝóáõÙ ¿ÇÝ:
outlaw [΄autlɔ:]1. n ûñ»ÝùÇó ¹áõñë ѳÛï³- out of [aut əv] prep ¹áõñë. He ‘s ~ town/the of-
ñ³ñí³Í Ù³ñ¹. 2. v ûñ»ÝùÇó ¹áõñë ѳÛï³- fice/prison ܳ ù³Õ³ùáõÙ ã¿/³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ ãÇ
ñ³ñ»É, ³ñï³ùë»É. ûñ»ÝùÇ áõÅÇó ½ñÏ»É: »Ï»É/μ³ÝïÇó ³½³ïí»É ¿. ~ place áã ï»ÕÇÝ.
outlay [΄autlei] n ͳËë, ݳ˳ѳßÇí. ~ on ~ port ݳí³ñÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç. When I get ~ here
clothes ѳ·áõëïÇ íñ³ ϳï³ñ³Í ͳËë»ñ£ ºñμ »ë ³Ûëï»ÕÇó ¹áõñë ·³Ù. Strawberries
outlay[‚aut΄lei] v ͳËë»É: are ~ season ¸»é »É³ÏÇ Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÁ ã¿. It’s ~
outlet [΄autlet] n çñÑáë, Ï»Õï³çñ³ï³ñ. »Éù the question ²Û¹ Ù³ëÇÝ Ëáëù ãÇ Ï³ñáÕ
(ݳ¨ ÷Ëμ.). μ³ó ÃáÕÝ»ÉÁ, ¹áõñë ·³ÉÁ. find ÉÇÝ»É. He’s just ~ school лÝó Ýáñ ¿ ¹åñáóÝ
an ~ for one’s energy ¿Ý»ñ·Ç³Ý ·áñÍÇ ¹Ý»Éáõ ³í³ñï»É. ~ respect for you (»ÉÝ»Éáí) Ó»ñ
out-of-date 580 outside

ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ áõÝ»ó³Í ѳñ·³ÝùÇó. be ~ ¹»Ù. feelings of ~ íñ¹áíÙáõÝùÇ/½³ÛñáõÛÃÇ


bread ѳó ãáõݻݳÉ. Run ~ sugar Þ³ù³ñÁ ½·³óáõÙÝ»ñ. It’s an ~ ¸³ ½³Ûñ³óáõóÇã ¿:
í»ñç³ó»É ¿. ~ fear í³ËÇó. It’s ~ stock ì³- outrage [΄autreidз] v íÇñ³íáñ»É, ³Ýå³ï-
׳éí»É ¿. I’m ~ breath ÞáõÝãë ÏïñíáõÙ ¿. í»É. μéÝáõÃÛáõÝ ·áñÍ ¹Ý»É. Public opinion was
You‘re ~ luck ´³Ëï¹ ãμ»ñ»ó: ~d гë³r³Ï³Ï³Ý ϳñÍÇùÁ ½³Ûñ³ó³Í ¿ñ.
out-of-date [‚autəv΄deit] a Ñݳó³Í, ÑݳӨ, My sense of justice was ~d ²ñ¹³ñ³¹³ïáõ-
Ñݳ¹³ñÛ³Ý: ÃÛ³Ý ÇÙ ½·³óáõÙÁ íÇñ³íáñí³Í ¿ñ:
out-of-doors [‚autəv΄dɔ:z] a ¹ñëÇ, μ³óû¹- outrageous [aut΄reidзəs] a ϳï³ÕÇ, ÙáÉ»-
Û³. ¹ñëáõÙ, μ³ó û¹áõÙ: ·ÇÝ. ½³Ûñ³óáõóÇã. íÇñ³íáñ³Ï³Ý. an ~
out-of-the-way [‚autəvðə΄wei] a Ñ»éáõ, price ãÉëí³Í ·ÇÝ. ~ treatment ³ÝÙ³ñ¹Ï³ÛÇÝ
Ñ»é³íáñ. ³Ýëáíáñ, ³ñï³ëáíáñ. I noticed í»ñ³μ»ñÙáõÝù:
nothing ~ ºë áã ÙÇ ³ñï³ëáíáñ μ³Ý ãï»ë³. outride [‚aut΄raid] v (ùß»Éáí) ³é³ç ³ÝóÝ»É/
an ~ farm Ñ»é³íáñ ý»ñÙ³: ï³É. ¹ÇٳݳÉ. ïáϳÉ:
out-of-work [‚autəv΄wə:k] n ·áñͳ½áõñÏ, outright [΄autrait] a μ³ó, ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ. ϳï³ñ-
³Ý·áñÍ: Û³É, áñáß³ÏÇ, í×é³Ï³Ý. an ~ manner ³Ý-
outpace [aut΄peis] v ³é³ç ³ÝóÝ»É/ÁÝÏÝ»É. Ï»ÕÍ í³ñí»É³Ï»ñå. an~ refusal/lie Ïïñ³-
Ù»ÏÇó ³í»ÉÇ ³é³ç ù³ÛÉ»É: Ï³Ý Ù»ñÅáõÙ. ³Ý³Ùáà ëáõï:
out-patient [΄aut‚pei∫nt] n ³Ùμáõɳïáñ outright [aut΄rait] adv áõÕÕ³ÏÇ, ³ÝÏ»ÕÍá-
ÑÇí³Ý¹, »ñè»Ï ÑÇí³Ý¹. ~ department ñ»Ý. Ïïñ³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý. I’ll tell him so ~ ºë
ÑÇí³Ý¹³ÝáóÇÝ ÏÇó åáÉÇÏÉÇÝÇϳ: Ýñ³Ý áõÕÕ³ÏÇ ³Û¹å»ë ¿É ϳë»Ù. He
outplay [‚aut΄plei] v ˳ÕÁ ï³Ý»É: laughed at it ~ ܳ ³ÝÏ»ÕÍáñ»Ý ÍÇͳջó.
outpost [΄autpəust] n ³é³ç³íáñ Ï»ï/¹Çñù. win the contest ~ í×é³Ï³Ý ѳÕóݳÏ
³é³ç³å³Ñ áõÕ»Ï³É (ݳ¨ ÷Ëμ.). an ~ of ï³Ý»É. reject the offer ~ Ïïñ³Ï³Ý³å»ë
civilization ù³Õ³ù³ÏñÃáõÃÛ³Ý ³é³ç³íáñ Ù»ñÅ»É ³é³ç³ñÏÁ. He was killed ~ ܳ
Ï»ï: ³ÝÙÇç³å»ë ëå³Ýí»ó. buy a house ~ ïáõÝÁ
outpour [΄autpɔ:] n ½»ÕáõÙ, ¹áõñë ó÷áõÙ. ·Ý»Éª í׳ñ»Éáí ³Ùμáç ·áõÙ³ñÁ ÙdzÝ-
~ of feelings ½·³óÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ ½»ÕáõÙ. ·³ÙÇó:
outpour[‚aut΄pɔ:] v ¹áõñë ó÷»É/³Í»É. outrival [‚aut΄raivl] v ·»ñ³½³Ýó»É, ³ÝóÝ»É:
½»Õ»É: outrun [‚aut΄rΛn] v í³½»Éáí ³é³ç ³ÝóÝ»É/
outpouring [‚aut΄pɔ:riŋ] n ½»ÕáõÙ (½·³ó- ÁÝÏÝ»É:
ÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ) ~s of the heart ëñïÇ ½»ÕáõÙ: outset [΄autset] n Ù»ÏÝáõÙ. ëÏǽμ. at the ~
output [΄autput] n ³ñï³¹ñ³Ýù. ³ñ- ëϽμáõÙ. from the ~ Ñ»Ýó ëϽμÇó:
ï³¹ñáճϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ. the ~ of new goods outshine [‚aut΄∫ain] v ·»ñ³½³Ýó»É. Ýë»-
Ýáñ ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ ³ñï³¹ñ³Ýù. the fac- Ù³óÝ»É, ëïí»ñÇ Ù»ç ÃáÕÝ»É:
tory’s ~ for the year ·áñͳñ³ÝÇ ï³ñ»Ï³Ý outside [‚aut΄said] n ¹ñëÇ ÏáÕÙ, ³ñï³ùÇÝ
³ñï³¹ñáճϳÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ. ÑÙÏñ·. »Éù, Ù³ë. from the ~ ¹ñëÇó. judging from the ~ ¹³-
ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ »Éù. ~ alphabet »Éù³ÛÇÝ ³Û- ï»Éáí ³ñï³ùÇÝÇó. the window opens to the
μáõμ»Ý. ~ channel »ÉùÇ Ï³Ý³É. ~ data »É- ~ å³ïáõѳÝÁ ¹»åÇ ¹áõñë ¿ μ³óíáõÙ. re-
ù³ÛÇÝ ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ. ~ device »ÉùÇ/»Éù³ÛÇÝ pairs to the ~ ³ñï³ùÇÝ í»ñ³Ýáñá·áõÙ. im-
ë³ñù. ~ file »ÉùÇ ý³ÛÉ. ~ information »É- pressions from the ~ ³ñï³ùÇÝ ³ß˳ñÑÇ
ù³ÛÇÝ ÇÝýáñÙ³ódz. ~ instruction »ÉùÇ ïå³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. (ͳÛñ³Ñ»Õ ³ëïÇ-
Ññ³Ñ³Ý·. ~ quantity »Éù³ÛÇÝ Ù»ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ ׳Ý) at the ~ ³Ù»Ý³ß³ïÁ, ͳÛñ³Ñ»Õ ¹»å-
queue »ÉùÇ Ñ»ñÃ. ~ routine »ÉùÇ Íñ³·Çñ. ~ ùáõÙ. it will take an hour at the ~ ³Ù»Ý³ß³ïÁ
signal »Éù³ÛÇÝ ³½¹³Ýß³Ý. ~ unit »ÉùÇ/»É- ÙÇ Å³Ù Ïï¨Ç. (¹ñëÇ, ³ñï³ùÇÝ. ÏáÕÙݳÏÇ,
ù³ÛÇÝ ë³ñù: ûï³ñ) the ~ world ³ñï³ùÇÝ ³ß˳ñÑÁ. the
outrage [΄autreidз] n μéÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ý³ñ- ~ edge ³ñï³ùÇÝ »½ñÁ/ͳÛñÁ. ~ appearance
·³Ýù, íÇñ³íáñ³Ýù. ÏáåÇï ˳ËïáõÙ. an ³ñï³ùÇÝ ï»ëù. an ~ seat ï»Õ å³ïáõ-
~ against/on humanity á×Çñ Ù³ñ¹ÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ÝÇ Ùáï (³íïáμáõëáõÙ, ÇÝùݳÃÇéáõÙ).
outside 581 ouzel

get an ~ opinion áõñÇßÇ Ï³ñÍÇùÁ ѳñóÝ»É. outstep [aut΄step] v ë³ÑÙ³Ý ³ÝóÝ»É, ë³Ñ-
an ~ chance of winning ѳÕûÉáõ ãÝãÇÝ Ù³ÝÝ»ñÇó ¹áõñë ·³É:
Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ left Ùñ½. Ó³Ë »½ñ³- outstretched [‚aut΄stret∫t] a »ñϳñ³Í,
ÛÇÝ: å³ñ½í³Í. an ~ hand/arm »ñϳñ³Í/å³ñ½-
outside [‚aut΄said] adv ¹áõñë, ¹ñëÇó, í³Í Ó»éù. with ~ arms/wings ·ñϳμ³ó, û-
³ñï³ùáõëï. ¹áõñëÁ (÷áÕáóáõÙ, μ³ÏáõÙ). í»ñÁ å³ñ½³Í:
painted ~ ¹ñëÇó Ý»ñÏí³Í. go ~ ¹áõñë ·Ý³É. outstrip [‚aut΄strip] v ³é³ç ³ÝóÝ»É/ÁÝÏÝ»É.
It’s cold ~ ¸ñëáõÙ óáõñï ¿. The kitchen is ~ ·»ñ³½³Ýó»É:
ÊáѳÝáóÁ μ³ÏáõÙ ¿/¹ñëáõÙ ¿. work ~ μ³ó- out-talk [aut΄tɔ:k] v Ó³ÝÓñ³óÝ»É Ëáë»Éáí.
ûÃÛ³/¹áõñëÁ ³ß˳ï»É. ~ and in ¹ñëÇó ¨ Ëáë»Éáõ Ñ»ñà ãï³É:
Ý»ñëÇó: out-top [aut΄tɒp] v ³í»ÉÇ μ³ñÓñ ÉÇÝ»É.
outside [‚aut΄said] prep ¹ñëÇ, ¹ñëÇ ÏáÕÙÇó. ÷Ëμ. ·»ñ³½³Ýó»É:
Ùáï, ÏáÕùÇÝ. wait ~ the door ¹é³Ý Ùáï outtray [΄auttrei] ³ñÏÕ »ÉÇó ·ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ/
ëå³ë»É. meet ~ the cinema ѳݹÇå»É ÏÇÝá- ݳٳÏÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ:
óïñáÝÇ ÙáõïùÇ Ùáï. That’s ~ my plan ¹³ outvoice [aut΄vɔis] v μáÉáñÇó μ³ñÓñ Ëáë»É.
ÇÙ Íñ³·ñÇó ¹áõñë ¿. ~ the range ѳë³Ý»- ÷Ëμ. ѳÙá½»É:
ÉÇáõÃÛ³Ý ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇó ¹áõñë. ~ the area outvote [‚aut΄vəut] v Ó³ÛÝ»ñÇ Ù»Í³Ù³ëÝáõ-
ï³ñ³ÍùÇó ¹áõñë. ~ working hours ³ß˳- ÃÛáõÝ ëï³Ý³É/߳ѻÉ:
ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ Å³Ù»ñÇó ¹áõñë. It’s ~ my experi- outward [΄autwəd] 1. a ³ñï³ùÇÝ, ¹ñëÇ.
ence ²Ûë ·áñÍáõÙ »ë ÷áñÓ ãáõÝ»Ù. be famous judging by ~ appearance ³ñï³ùÇÝ ï»ëùÇó
~ one’s own country Çñ »ñÏñÇ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇó ¹³ï»Éáí. on the ~ voyage Íáí. »ñÏñÇó ¹áõñë
¹áõñë ѳÛïÝÇ ÉÇÝ»É. This species isn’t found ~ ݳí³ñÏ»ÉÇë. ~ bound Ù»ÏÝáÕ, áõÕ¨áñíáÕ.
Africa ²Ûë ï»ë³ÏÇÝ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ¿ ѳݹÇå»É 2. adv ¹áõñë, ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇó ¹áõñë. ships ~
ÙdzÛÝ ²ýñÇϳÛáõÙ: bound from London ÈáݹáÝÇ Ý³í³Ñ³Ý·Áë-
outsider [‚aut΄saidə] n ÏáÕÙݳÏÇ ³ÝÓ, ïÇó ³ñï³ë³ÑÙ³Ý áõÕ¨áñíáÕ Ý³í»ñ:
ûï³ñ³Ï³Ý. He’s looked on as an ~ ËëÏó. outwardly [΄autwədli] adv ³ñï³ùáõëï,
Üñ³Ý áñå»ë ûï³ñÇ »Ý ÁݹáõÝáõÙ: ¹ñëÇó. remain ~ calm ³ñï³ùáõëï ѳÝ-
outsit [‚aut΄sit] v áõñÇßÝ»ñÇó ³í»ÉÇ »ñϳñ ¹³ñï ÙݳÉ:
Ýëï»É/ÙݳÉ: outwards [΄autwədz] adv ¹»åÇ ¹áõñë,
outsized [‚aut΄saizd] a ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý ã³÷ë»- ¹áõñë. turn it ~ ßñç»É ¹áõñë/¹»åÇ ¹áõñu:
ñÇó ³í»ÉÇ Ù»Í. ~ clothes Ù»Í/áã ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý outwash [΄aut‚wɒ∫] v Éí³Ý³É, Ù³ùñ»É:
ã³÷ë»ñÇ Ñ³·áõëï: outwear [‚aut΄weə] v ٳ߻É. ÷Ëμ. ëå³é»É
outskirts [΄autskə:ts] n ³ñí³ñÓ³Ý, ͳÛñ³- (ѳÙμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ). (ѳ·áõëï) ¹ÇÙ³óÏáõÝ
Ù³ë. on the ~ of London ÈáݹáÝÇ ³ñí³ñ- ÉÇÝ»É, »ñϳñ ¹ÇٳݳÉ:
Ó³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ: outweigh [‚aut΄wei] v ù³ßáí/ÏßÇéáí ·»ñ³-
outspoken [aut΄spəukən] a ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ/ßÇï³Ï ½³Ýó»É. ÷Ëμ. ·»ñ³Ïßé»É, ·»ñ³ÏßéáõÃÛáõÝ
³ëí³Í/³ñï³Ñ³Ûïí³Í: Ó»éù μ»ñ»É. This ~ed all other considerations
outspread [‚aut΄spred] 1. n ï³ñ³Íí³Í, ê³ ·»ñ³½³Ýó»ó μáÉáñ ÙÛáõë ѳݷ³Ù³Ýù-
÷éí³Í. with ~ wings è»ñÁ ÷é³Í/ï³ñ³Í- Ý»ñÁ:
í³Í. 2. v ï³ñ³Íí»É, ë÷éí»É: outwit [‚aut΄wit] v ·»ñ³½³Ýó»É ëñ³Ùïáõ-
outstanding [‚aut΄stændiŋ] a ϳñϳéáõÝ, ÃÛ³Ùμ/ Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏáõÃÛ³Ùμ:
³ãùÇ ÁÝÏÝáÕ. ѳÛïÝÇ. ãí׳ñí³Í, ųÙÏ»- outwork [΄autwə:k] 1. n ³ñÑ»ëï³ÝáóÇó
ï³Ýó. ³Ý³í³ñï, ãϳï³ñí³Í. ~ bills ¹áõñë ϳï³ñíáÕ ³ß˳ï³Ýù. é½Ù. ³ñ-
ãí׳ñí³Í ѳßÇíÝ»ñ. Buisiness is still ~ ¶áñ- ï³ùÇÝ ³ÙñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. 2. [aut΄wə:k] v ³ß-
ÍÁ ¹»é¨ë ³Ý³í³ñï ¿: ˳ï³ÝùáõÙ ·»ñ³½³Ýó»É Ù»ÏÇÝ:
outstay [‚aut΄stei] v »ñϳñ ÙݳÉ, ¹ÇٳݳÉ, outworn [΄autwɔ:n] a Ù³ßí³Í. ÑÇÝ, Ñݳ-
ïáϳÉ. ~ one’s welcome. ã³ñ³ß³Ñ»É ÑÛáõñ- ó³Í. áõųëå³é, ÑÛáõÍí³Í, Í»Íí³Í. ~ quo-
ÁÝϳÉáõÃÛáõÝÁ. She ~ed the other guests ܳ tations Í»Íí³Í Ù»çμ»ñáõÙ:
μáÉáñ ÑÛáõñ»ñÇó ³í»ÉÇ »ñϳñ Ùݳó: ouzel [΄u:zl] n ϻݹ. Ï»éÝ»Ë:
oval 582 overcook

oval [΄əuvl] n, a Óí³Ó¨ ·Í³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»- overall [΄əuvərɔ:l] n ³ñï³Ñ³·áõëï:


óáÕ. Óí³Ó¨: overall [‚əuvər΄ɔ:l] a ÁݹѳÝáõñ, ѳÙÁݹ-
ovary [΄əuvəri] n ϽÙË. Óí³ñ³Ý: ѳÝáõñ. ~ responsibility ÁݹѳÝáõñ å³-
ovation [əu΄vei∫n] n μáõéÝ Í³÷³Ñ³ñáõÃáõÝ- ï³ë˳ݳïíáõÃÛáõÝ. an ~ survey Áݹѳ-
Ý»ñ, å³ïí³óáõÛó. ûí³ódz. give smb an ~ Ýáõñ ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ. the ~ result ÁݹѳÝáõñ
μáõéÝ Í³÷³Ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí ÁݹáõÝ»É/ ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÁ. ÑÙÏñ·.. ~ efficiency ÁݹѳÝáõñ
¹ÇÙ³íáñ»É. get a standing ~ μáõéÝ Í³÷³Ñ³- ¿ý»ÏïÇíáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ length ÁݹѳÝáõñ »ñϳ-
ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ëï³Ý³É£ ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ processing speed/time Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý
oven [΄Λvn] n ÷áõé, í³é³ñ³Ý. ç»éáó: ÁݹѳÝáõñ ³ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝ/ųٳݳÏ:
ovenproof [΄Λvnpru:f] a Ññ³Ï³ÛáõÝ, ç»ñ- overarch [‚əuvər΄a:t∫] v ϳٳñ ϳå»É. ϳ-
ٳϳÛáõÝ: Ù³ñ³Ó¨ Ó·í»É:
ovenware [΄Λvnweə] n Ññ³Ï³ÛáõÝ/ç»ñÙ³- overawe [‚əuvər΄ɔ:] v í³Ë»óÝ»É, ³Ñ³μ»-
ϳÛáõÝ ³Ù³Ý»Õ»Ý: Ï»É. He was quite ~d by his teacher ¸³ë³ïáõÝ
over [΄əuvə] n ³í»ÉóáõÏ, ѳí»É³í׳ñ. é½Ù. Ýñ³Ý ³Ñ³μ»Ï»É ¿ñ:
(·Ý¹³ÏÇ, ³ñÏÇ) ³ÝóáõÙ Ý߳ݳϻïÇó: overbalance [‚əuvə΄bæləns]1. n ³í»É³ù³ß.
over [΄əuvə] adv ï»Õ. ~ here/there ³Ûëï»Õ, 2. v ·»ñ³Ïßé»É. ѳí³ë³ñ³ÏßéáõÃÛáõÝÇó
³ÛÝï»Õ. all ~ ³Ù»Ýáõñ»ù. the world ~ ³Ù- ѳݻÉ/ÏáñóÝ»É. Don’t ~ the boat Þáõé ãï³ë
μáÕç ³ß˳ñÑáõÙ. shake all ~ ³ÙμÕçáíÇÝ Ý³í³ÏÁ:
¹áÕ³É. That’s him all ~ ¸³ Ýñ³Ý ß³ï ÝÙ³Ý overbear [‚əuvə΄beə] v ѳÕûÉ, Ýí³×»É. ·»-
¿. children aged 13 and ~ ÷Ëμ. 13 ¨ ³í»ÉÇ ñ³Ïßé»É, ·»ñ³½³Ýó»É:
ï³ñ»Ï³Ý ¨ »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñ. jump ~ íñ³ÛÇó overbearing [‚əuvə΄beəriŋ] a Ññ³Ù³Û³-
Ãéã»É. sail ~ ݳí³ñÏ»Éáí ³ÝóÝ»É. Come ~ ϳÝ, ÇßËáÕ, μéݳå»ï³Ï³Ý:
here ²Ûëï»Õ ³ñÇ. ~ again ÝáñÇó. ~ and ~ overboard [΄əuvəbɔ:d] adv ݳíÇó ¹áõñë
again ß³ï ³Ý·³ÙÝ»ñ. ~ and above Ç ÉñáõÙÝ. çñÇ Ù»ç. Man~ ! (ݳíÇó ) سñ¹ ¿ ÁÝÏ»É çáõ-
The lecture is ~ ¸³ë³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³í³ñï- ñÁ!, æñáõÙ Ù³ñ¹ ϳ. throw ~ ݳíÇó ÍáíÁ/
í³Í ¿ It’s all ~ ²Ù»Ý ÇÝã í»ñç³ó³Í ¿. knock çáõñÁ Ý»ï»É:
smth ~ ÙÇ μ³Ý ßáõé ï³É. look smth ~ ½ÝÝ»É overbold [‚əuvə΄bəuld] a ã³÷³½³Ýó ѳÝ-
ÇÝã-áñ μ³Ý. hand smth ~ ѳÝÓÝ»É. The milk ¹áõ·Ý/ѳٳñÓ³Ï:
has boiled ~ γÃÁ ó÷í»ó/÷³Ë³í: overbrim [‚əuvə΄brim] v μ»ñÝ»μ»ñ³Ý ÉóÝ»É,
over [΄əuvə] prep íñ³, í»ñ¨áõÙ, í»ñ¨. a »½ñ»ñÇó ó÷í»É:
bridge ~ the river ϳÙáõñç ·»ïÇ íñ³Ûáí. a overburden [‚əuvə΄bə:dn] v ·»ñͳÝñ³μ»é-
blanket ~ the bed ͳÍÏáó Ù³Ñ׳ϳÉÇ íñ³. Ý»É, ·»ñ³μ»éÝ»É:
lean ~ the table Ñ»Ýí»É ë»Õ³ÝÇ íñ³. look ~ overcast [‚əuvə΄ka:st] a ³Ùåáï, ³Ùå³Ù³Í.
spectacles ³ÏÝáóÇ íñ³ÛÇó ݳۻÉ. live ~ the The sky became ~ ºñÏÇÝùÁ ³Ùå»ñáí å³ï-
road ׳ݳå³ñÑÇ ³ÛÝ/ѳϳé³Ï ÏáÕÙáõÙ í»ó:
³åñ»É. ~ the border ë³ÑÙ³ÝÇó ³ÛÝ ÏáÕÙ. overcharge [‚əuvə΄t∫a:dз] n ã³÷³½³Ýó
worry ~ smth ÙÇ μ³ÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ³Ýѳݷëï³- μ³ñÓñ ·ÇÝ. é½Ù. ·»ñÉÇóù:
ݳÉ. quarrel ~ smth íÇ×»É ÇÝã-áñ μ³ÝÇ Ñ³- overcharge [‚əuvə΄t∫a:dз] v ã³÷³½³Ýó
Ù³ñ. win an advantage ~ ³é³í»ÉáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ë- μ³ñÓñ ·ÇÝ ¹Ý»É. They have ~d me for it ÆÝÓ-
Ý»É. ~ the whole period ³ÙμáÕç ųٳݳÏÇ ÝÇó ß³ï ÷áÕ í»ñóñÇÝ ¹ñ³ ѳٳñ. ¿É.
ÁÝóóùáõÙ. stay ~ the weekend ÙÝ³É ß³μ³Ã/ ÉÇóù³íáñ»É:
ÏÇñ³ÏÇ ûñ»ñÁ. ~ two years »ñÏáõ ï³ñáõó overcoat [΄əuvəkəut] n í»ñ³ñÏáõ:
³í»ÉÇ. He’s ~ 90 now ܳ ÇÝÝëáõÝÇó ³í»ÉÇ overcome [‚əuvə΄kΛm] v ѳÕûÉ, ѳÕó-
¿. hear ~ the radio é³¹ÇáÛáí Éë»É. ~ the break- ѳñ»É. ~ difficulties ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ѳÕ-
fast ݳ˳׳ßÇ ÁÝóóùáõÙ stumble ~ a stone óѳñ»É. (ѳٳϻÉ, å³ï»É) ~ by ѳٳÏ-
ë³Ûóù»É. talk ~ the matter Ëáë»É ·áñÍÇ í³Í. ~ by grief íßïáí ѳٳÏí³Í:
Ù³ëÇÝ: overconfident [‚əuvə΄kɒnfidənt] a ÇÝùݳ-
overact [‚əuvər΄ækt] v (¹»ñÁ ˳ճÉÇë) íëï³Ñ, ÇÝùݳѳí³Ý:
ã³÷Ý ³ÝóϳóÝ»É. ·»ñ³Ë³Õ³É: overcook [‚əuvə΄kuk] v ã³÷Çó ³í»ÉÇ ß³ï
overcrowd 583 overindulge

»÷»É/ï³å³Ï»É. ÷ã³óÝ»É: overflow [΄əuvəfləu] n ³ñï³Ñáëù, ѻջ-


overcrowd [‚əuvə΄kraud] v Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýóáí ÕáõÙ, áÕáÕáõÙ. feel the cup to ~ing μ³Å³ÏÁ
ÉÇùÁ ÉóÝ»É. ËéÝí»É, ³ÙμáËí»É: ÉóÝ»É ÙÇÝ㨠»½ñ»ñÁ. population ~ ÷Ëμ.
overcrowded [‚əuvə΄kraudid] a Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ý- ·»ñμݳϻóí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ pipe Ï»Õï³çñ³-
óáí ÉÇùÁ Éóí³Í, É»÷ É»óáõÝ (óïñáÝ ¨ ï³ñ ËáÕáí³Ï:
³ÛÉÝ)£ overflow [‚əuvə΄fləu] v Ñáñ¹»É, »½ñ»ñÇó
overcrowding [‚əuvə΄kraudiŋ] n ·»ñ- ¹áõñë Ñáë»É. The water ~ed the barriers æáõñÝ
μݳϻóí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ: ³Ýó³í μáÉáñ ³ñ·»ÉùÝ»ñÁ. The crowd ~ed
overdo [‚əuvə΄du:] v ã³÷Ý ³ÝóϳóÝ»É, into the street ÷Ëμ. ²ÙμáËÁ ÷áÕáó ¹áõñë
ã³÷Çó ³í»ÉÇÝ ³Ý»É. ã³÷³½³Ýó»É. ã³÷Çó ó÷í»ó. ~ with Éóí³Í/ѳٳÏí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. ~
³í»ÉÇ ï³å³Ï»É, í³é»É. The actor overdid with kindness μ³ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ Éóí³Í/ѳٳÏ-
tÑe part ¸»ñ³ë³ÝÁ ã³÷³½³ÝóáõÙ ¿ñ Çñ í³Í ÉÇÝ»É. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ area/data ·»ñÉóÙ³Ý ïÇ-
¹»ñÁ. ~ the apologies ã³÷Çó ³í»ÉÇ »ñϳñ ñáõÛÃ/ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ:
Ý»ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ Ëݹñ»É: overgrow [‚əuvə΄grəu] v ã³÷³½³Ýó ³ñ³·
overdone [‚əuvə΄dΛn] a ã³÷³½³Ýóí³Í. ³×»É. ~ one’s clothes Çñ ßáñ»ñÇó ·»ñ³×»É:
ã³÷Çó ³í»ÉÇ ï³å³Ï³Í, í³é³Í. ã³÷³- overgrown [‚əuvə΄grəun] a ·»ñ³×³Í. μáõ-
½³Ýó Ñá·Ý³Í. The meat is ~ ØÇëÁ í³é³Í ¿. ë³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ/ϳݳãáí ͳÍÏí³Í. an ~
overdose [΄əuvədəus] n ã³÷Çó ³í»ÉÇ/·»ñ- schoolboy ï³ñÇù³Ýó ³ß³Ï»ñï:
¹»Õ³ù³Ý³Ï/¹á½³. take an ~ ã³÷Çó ³í»ÉÇ overgrowth [΄əuvəgrəuθ] n ·»ñ³×.
Ù»Í ¹»Õ³ù³Ý³Ï/¹á½³ ÁݹáõÝ»É: áõéáõóù:
overdraft [΄əuvədra:ft] n í³ñÏÇ ·»ñ³½³Ý- overhang [΄əuvəhæŋ] n ͳÍÏ£
óáõÙ. have a huge ~ at the bank μ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ overhang [‚əuvə΄hæŋ] v ϳËí»É, ϳË
·»ñ³½³Ýó»É μ³ÝÏÇ í³ñÏÁ: ÁÝÏÝ»É. ϳËí³Í ÉÇÝ»É:
overdraw [‚əuvə΄drɔ:] v ³í³Ý¹Çó ³í»ÉÇ overhanging [‚əuvə΄hæŋiŋ] a ϳËí³Í:
Ù»Í ·áõÙ³ñ ¹áõñë ·ñ»É: overhaul [΄əuvəhɔ:l] v ½ÝÝáõÙ, ëïáõ·áõÙ,
overdress [‚əuvə΄dres] v ã³÷³½³Ýó ßù»Õ í»ñ³Ýáñá·áõÙ. The engine needs an ~ Þ³ñ-
ѳ·Ýí»É. ã³÷Çó ³í»ÉÇ ï³ù ѳ·Ýí»É. be ÅÇãÁ í»ñ³Ýáñá·Ù³Ý ϳñÇù áõÝÇ. The doc-
~ed for the occasion áñ¨¿ ³éÇÃáí ßù»Õ ѳ·Ý- tor gave me a thorough ~ ËëÏó. ´ÅÇßÏÝ ÇÝÓ
í³Í. It’s very hot,- I’m ~ed. Þ³ï ßá· ¿, »ë ß³ï áõß³¹Çñ ½ÝÝ»ó/ùÝÝ»ó£
ã³÷³½³Ýó ï³ù »Ù ѳ·Ýí³Í. overhaul [‚əuvə΄hɔ:l] v ½ÝÝ»É, ùÝÝ»É, ëïáõ-
overdue [‚əuvə΄dju:] a áõß³ó³Í. ųÙÏ»- ·»É. í»ñ³Ýáñá·»É:
ï³Ýó. The train is ~ ¶Ý³óùÝ áõß³ÝáõÙ ¿. The overhead [‚əuvə΄hed] a í»ñ¨Ç, í»ñ»ñÏÁñ-
change was long ~ ²Ûë ÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝÁ Û³.(û¹áõÙ) ·ÉËÇó í»ñ ·ïÝíáÕ. í»ñ³¹Çñ
í³Õáõó ëå³ëíáõÙ ¿ñ. ~ bill ųÙÏ»ï³Ýó (ͳËë»ñ). ~ wires û¹³ÛÇÝ É³ñ»ñ. ~ charges/
ÙáõñѳÏ: costs/expenses í»ñ³¹Çñ ͳËë»ñ:
overeat [‚əuvər΄i:t] v ß³ï/ã³÷Çó ³í»ÉÇ áõ- overhead [‚əuvə΄hed] adv í»ñ¨áõÙ, ·ÉËÇ
ï»É: í»ñ¨. in the room ~ í»ñÇÝ Ñ³ñÏÇ/í»ñ¨Ç
overestimate [‚əuvər΄estimət] v ·»ñ³·Ý³- ë»ÝÛ³ÏáõÙ:
ѳï»É. ã³÷³½³Ýóí³Í ݳ˳ѳßÇí ϳ½- overhear [‚əuvə΄hiə] v å³ï³ÑÙ³Ùμ/ ³Ï³-
Ù»É: Ù³ Éë»É. I couldn’t help ~ing them â¿Ç ϳñáÕ
overexcited [‚əuvərik΄saitid] a ·»ñÑáõ½í³Í, Ýñ³Ýó ãÉë»É. She was overheard to say Èë»É
ã³÷Çó ³í»ÉÇ Ñáõ½í³Í. Everybody was ~ ´á- ¿ÇÝ, û ݳ ÇÝã ¿ñ ³ë»É:
ÉáñÁ ã³÷³½³Ýó Ñáõ½í³Í ¿ÇÝ: overheat [‚əuvə΄hi:t]1. n ·»ñï³ù³óáõÙ. 2.
overexert [‚ouvərig΄zə:t] v ·»ñɳñ(í)»É. ~ v ·»ñï³ù³óÝ»É, ·»ñï³ù³Ý³É. The engine
oneself ·»ñɳñí»É: shouldn’t ~ Þ³ñÅÇãÁ ãÇ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ·»ñï³ù³ó-
overexpose [‚əuvərik΄spəuz] v ÉëÝÏ. ųå³- Ý»É/ãå»ïù ¿ ·»ñï³ù³Ý³:
í»ÝÁ »ñϳñ å³Ñ»Éáí ÷ã³óÝ»É: overindulge [‚əuvərin΄dΛldз] v ã³÷³½³Ýó
overfeed [‚əuvə΄fi:d] v ·»ñëÝ»É, ·»ñëÝ»Éáí ï³ñí»É, ã³ñ³ß³Ñ»É. ~ one’s child »ñ»Ë³-
íݳë»É: ÛÇÝ ß³ï »ñ»ë ï³É. I ~d last night ºñ»Ï »ñ»-
overindulgent 584 overproduction

ÏáÛ³Ý »ë ã³ñ³ß³Ñ»óÇ ÑÛáõñÁÝϳÉáõÃÛáõ- ݳۻÉ) ~ smb’s faults áñ¨¿ Ù»ÏÇ Ã»ñáõ-


ÝÁ/ß³ï Ï»ñ³ ¨ ËÙ»óÇ: ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ íñ³ Ù³ïÝ»ñÇ ³ñ³Ýùáí ݳۻÉ.
overindulgent [‚əuvərin΄dΛldзənt] a ã³- I’ll ~ it this time ²Ûë ³Ý·³Ù »ë ³ãù»ñë Ï÷³-
÷³½³Ýó ½ÇçáÕ/Ý»ñnÕ³ÙÇï/ ѳݹáõñÅáÕ. Ï»Ù:
~ parents ã³÷Çó ³í»ÉÇ Ý»ñáÕ³ÙÇï ÍÝáÕ- overmaster [‚əuvə΄ma:stə] v ѳÕûÉ, Çñ»Ý
Ý»ñ: »ÝóñÏ»É. ³ÙμáÕçáíÇÝ Ñ³Ù³Ï»É (½·³ó-
overjoy [‚əuvə΄dзɔi] v ß³ï/³Ýã³÷ áõñ³- ÙáõÝùÁ). an ~ing feeling ³ÙμáÕçáíÇÝ Ñ³Ù³-
˳óÝ»É, »ñç³ÝϳóÝ»É: ÏáÕ ½·³óÙáõÝù:
overjoyed [‚əuvə΄dзɔid] a ã³÷³½³Ýó ·áÑ, overmatch [‚əuvə΄mæt∫] v ·»ñ³½³Ýó»É,
³Ýã³÷ áõñ³Ë/»ñç³ÝÇÏ. We were ~ about ѳÕûÉ:
the news ²Û¹ ÉáõñÁ Ù»½ ³Ýã³÷ áõñ³- overmature [‚əuvəmə΄tjuə] a ·»ñѳëáõݳ-
˳óñ»ó: ó³Í, ·»ñѳëáõÝ:
overlabour [‚əuvə΄leibə] v ã³÷³½³Ýó overmuch [‚əuvə΄mΛt∫] a ã³÷Çó ¹áõñë/
ËݳÙùáí ³ß˳ï»É. ³ß˳ï³Ýùáí ·»ñ- ß³ï. ~ homework ã³÷Çó ß³ï ïݳÛÇÝ ³ß-
Ñá·Ý»óÝ»É: ˳ï³Ýù. ~ praise ã³÷Çó ¹áõñë ·áí³μ³-
overladen [‚əuvə΄leidn] a ͳÝñ³μ»éÝí³Í, Ý»É:
·»ñμ»éÝí³Í: overnight [‚əuvə΄nait] a ݳËáñ¹ »ñ»ÏáÛÇ.
overland [΄əuvəlænd] 1. a ó³Ù³ùÇ, ó³Ù³- ݳËáñ¹ »ñ»Ïá ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»ó³Í:
ù³ÛÇÝ, ó³Ù³ù³·Ý³ó. an ~ route ó³Ù³ù³- overnight [‚əuvə΄nait] adv ݳËáñ¹ »ñ»Ïá-
·Ý³ó »ñÃáõÕÇ. 2. adv ó³Ù³ùáí, ó³Ù³ùÇ Û³Ý, ³ÙμÕç ·Çß»ñÁ. We drove there ~ Ø»Ýù
íñ³Ûáí travel ~ ó³Ù³ùáí ׳Ù÷áñ¹»É: ·ÝáõÙ ¿ÇÝù ³ÛÝï»Õ ³ÙμáÕç ·Çß»ñÁ. The
overlap [‚əuvə΄læp] v Ù³ë³Ùμ ѳÙÁÝÏÝ»É/ weather changed ~ ºÕ³Ý³ÏÁ ÷áËí»ó ÙÇ ·Ç-
Çñ³ñ ͳÍÏ»É. The planks must ~ î³Ë- ß»ñáõÙ/·Çß»ñí³ ÁÝóóùáõÙ. stay ~ ·Çß»ñÝ
ï³ÏÝ»ñÁ å»ïù ¿ Çñ³ñ íñ³ ·³Ý. His du- ³ÝóϳóÝ»É:
ties and mine ~ ÆÙ ¨ Ýñ³ å³ñï³Ï³Ýáõ- overpass [΄əuvəpa:s] n ¿ëï³Ï³¹£
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ Ù³ë³Ùμ ѳÙÁÝÏÝáõÙ »Ý. ÑÙÏñ·. overpass [‚əuvə΄pa:s] v Ïïñ»É-³ÝóÝ»É. ·»-
ñ³½³Ýó»É. ³Ýáõß³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ïÝ»É.
~ping events ÙÇÙÛ³Ýó ͳÍÏáÕ Çñ³¹³ñ-
ãÝϳï»É:
ÓáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ:
overlay [΄əuvəlei] n ϳ÷³ñÇã, Ëáõ÷£ overpast [‚əuvə΄pa:st] a í³Õáõó ³Ýó³Í.
³Ýó³Í-·Ý³ó³Í:
overlay [‚əuvə΄lei] v ÑÙÏñ·. ͳÍÏ»É:
overleaf [‚əuvə΄li:f] adv (¿çÇ) ÙÛáõë ÏáÕÙáõÙ. overpay [‚əuvə΄pei] v ³í»ÉÇ í׳ñ»É, ·»ñ³-
í׳ñ»É:
see ~ ¿çÁ ßáõé ïáõñ. continued ~ ß³ñáõݳ-
ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¿çÇ ÙÛáõë ÏáÕÙáõÙ:
overpayment [‚əuvə΄peimənt] n ·»ñ³í׳-
ñáõÙ:
overleap [‚əuvə΄li:p] v ó³ïÏ»Éáí/Ãéã»Éáí overpeopled [‚əuvə΄pi:pld] a ·»ñμݳϻó-
³ÝóÝ»É:
í³Í, μ³½Ù³Ù³ñ¹:
overlive [‚əuvə΄liv] v ÏÛ³ÝùÁ í³ïÝ»É, óá÷ overpersuade [‚əuvəpə΄sweid] v Ñáñ¹áñ»É.
ÏÛ³Ýù ³åñ»É. ÇÝã-áñ Ù»ÏÇó ³í»ÉÇ »ñϳñ
ËÇëï ѳÙá½»É:
³åñ»É:
overplus [΄əuvəplΛs] n ³í»ÉóáõÏ, ³é³ïáõ-
overload [΄əuvələud] n ͳÝñ³μ»éÝáõÙ, ·»ñ- ÃÛáõÝ:
μ»éÝáõÙ£ overpopulation [‚əuvəpɒpju΄lei∫n] n ·»ñ-
overload [‚əuvə΄ləud] v ͳÝñ³μ»éÝ»É, μݳÏí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ:
·»ñμ»éÝ»É. ¿É. í»ñ³ÉÇóù³íáñ»É: overpower [‚əuvə΄pauə] v ѳÕûÉ, ѳÕ-
overlook [‚əuvə΄luk] v μ³óí»É, ݳۻÉ. the óѳñ»É. ÁÝÏ×»É. ~ an opponent ѳϳ-
window ~s the garden ä³ïáõѳÝÁ å³ñï»- é³Ïáñ¹ÇÝ Ñ³ÕûÉ:
½ÇÝ ¿ ݳÛáõÙ. (ãÝϳï»É, μ³ó ÃáÕÝ»É) ~ the overpowering [‚əuvə΄pauəriŋ] a ³ÝѳÕ-
possibility Ñݳñ³ínñáõÃÛáõÝÁ μ³ó ÃáÕÝ»É. I óѳñ»ÉÇ. ×ÝßáÕ, ÁÝÏ×áÕ:
~ed his name on the list âÝϳï»óÇ Ýñ³ ³- overproduction [‚əuvəprə΄dΛk∫n] n
ÝáõÝÁ óáõó³ÏáõÙ. (Ù³ïÝ»ñÇ ³ñ³Ýùáí ·»ñ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
overrate 585 overstrung

overrate [‚əuvə΄reit] v ·»ñ³·Ý³Ñ³- overshadow [‚əuvə΄∫ædəu] v ëïí»ñ ·ó»É.


ï»É: ëïí»ñ³Í³ÍÏ ³Ý»É. ÷Ëμ. Ýë»Ù³óÝ»É,
overreach [΄əuvəri:t∫] n ˳μ»áõÃÛáõÝ, Ëá- ëïí»ñÇ Ù»ç ÃáÕÝ»É:
ñ³Ù³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ oneself Çñ ѳßÇíÝ»ñáõÙ overshoe [΄əuvə∫u:] n ÏñÏݳÏáßÇÏ:
ë˳Éí»É/˳μí»É£ overshoot [΄əuvə∫u:t] v íñÇå»É, Ý߳ݳϻ-
overreach [‚əuvə΄ri:t∫] v ï³ñ³Íí»É, ѳë- ïÇó ³ÛÝ ÏáÕÙ ³ÝóÝ»É. ÷Ëμ. ã³÷Ý ³ÝóÝ»É,
Ý»É. ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ ³ÝóÝ»É, ·»ñ³½³Ýó»É. Ëá- ѳÙÁ ѳݻÉ. ~ the runway í³Ûñ¿çùÇ Ññ³-
ñ³Ù³ÝÏ»É: å³ñ³ÏÇ íñ³Ûáí Ãéã»É-³ÝóÝ»É. ~ the mark
override [‚əuvə΄raid] v ï³ÏáíÝ ³Ý»É. ÓÇáõ ÷Ëμ. ß³ï Ñ»éáõÝ ·Ý³É:
ï³Ï ·ó»É. áïݳï³Ï ï³É. (ÓÇÝ) áõų- oversight [΄əuvəsait] n íñÇåáõÙ, ³Ý÷áõÃáõ-
ëå³é ³Ý»É: ÃÛáõÝ. ë˳É, μ³óÃáÕáõÙ. by an ~ ³Ý÷áõÃáõ-
overriding [‚əuvə΄raidiŋ] n ·É˳íáñ, ÑÇÙ- ÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ï¨³Ýùáí. It was an ~ on my part ¸³
ݳϳÝ, ·»ñÇßËáÕ. ~ principle ³é³çݳ- íñÇåáõÙ ¿ñ ÇÙ ÏáÕÙÇó. (í»ñ³ÑëÏáõÙ) rights
ÛÇÝ/·É˳íáñ ëϽμáõÝù: of ~ í»ñ³ÑëÏÙ³Ý Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñ:
overripe [‚əuvə΄raip] a ã³÷Çó ³í»ÉÇ oversized [‚əuvə΄saiz(d)] a ã³÷Çó ³í»ÉÇ
ѳë³Í, ÉËÏ³Í (ÙÇñ· ¨ ³ÛÉÝ)£ Ù»Í:
overrule [‚əuvə΄ru:l] v ÇßË»É, ïÇñ»É. ÷Ëμ. oversleep [‚əuvə΄sli:p] v ã³÷Çó ß³ï/³í»ÉÇ
ѳÕûÉ. Ù»ñÅ»É, ãÁݹáõÝ»É. ~ all objections ùÝ»É. ùÝáí ³ÝóÝ»É, áõ߳ݳÉ:
áã ÙÇ ³é³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ ãÁݹáõÝ»É. ~ a decision oversleeve [΄əuvəsli:v] n èÝáó, èù³ß£
ã»ÕÛ³É Ñ³Ûï³ñ³ñ»É áñáßáõÙÁ. ~d by the ma- overspend [‚əuvə΄spend] v ³í»ÉÇ Í³Ëë»É,
jority ٻͳٳëÝáõÃÛ³ÝÁ »ÝóñÏí»É£ í³ïÝ»É. We’ve overspent by 50 dol. Ø»Ýù
overrun [‚əuvə΄rΛn] v Ñáñ¹»É, »½ñ»ñÇó ÑÇëáõÝ ¹áɳñ ³í»ÉÇ Í³Ëë»óÇÝù:
¹áõñë Ñáë»É. ÷Ëμ. ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇó ¹áõñë overspill [΄əuvəspil] n ѳí»ÉÛ³É μݳÏãáõ-
·³É. ³ëå³ï³Ï»É, ³Ù³Û³óÝ»É. The town is ÃÛáõÝ. an ~ town ù³Õ³ù-³ñμ³ÝÛ³Ï:
~ by tourists ø³Õ³ùÁ ѻջÕí³Í ¿ ½μáë³- overspread [‚əuvə΄spred] v óñ»É, ß³Õ ï³É.
ßñçÇÏÝ»ñáí. Rabbits have ~ the whole garden ï³ñ³Í(í)»É:
Ö³·³ñÝ»ñÁ ³Ù³Û³óñ»É »Ý ³ÙμáÕç ³Û·ÇÝ. overstaff [‚əuvə΄sta:f] v áõé׳óÝ»É
the programme overran the time by 5 minutes ѳëïÇùÝ»ñÁ. The department is ~ed
Ìñ³·ÇñÁ ݳ˳ï»ëí³ÍÇó ÑÇÝ· ñáå» ´³ÅÝáõÙ ³í»ÉÇ ³ß˳ïáÕ Ï³, ù³Ý ³Ý-
³í»ÉÇ ï¨»ó: Ññ³Å»ßï ¿:
overscrupulous [‚əuvə΄skru:pjələs] a ã³- overstate [‚əuvə΄steit] v ã³÷³½³Ýó»É:
÷Çó ³í»ÉÇ μͳËݹÇñ. One needn’ t be ~ in overstatement [‚əuvə΄steitmənt] n ã³÷³-
âÇ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ã³÷³½³Ýó μͳËݹÇñ ÉÇÝ»É ½³ÝóáõÃÛáõÝ:
³ÛëåÇëÇ Ñ³ñóáõÙ: overstay [‚əuvə΄stei] v ß³ï »ñϳñ ÙݳÉ. ~
oversea(s) [‚əuvə΄si:(z)] 1. a ³Ý¹ñÍáíÛ³Ý, one’s welcome ã³ñ³ß³Ñ»É ÑÛáõñÁÝϳÉáõ-
³ñï³ë³ÑÙ³ÝÛ³Ý, ³ñï³ùÇÝ. ~ territories ÃÛáõÝÁ:
³Ý¹ñÍáíÛ³Ý ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñ. ~ trade ³ñï³- overstep [‚əuvə΄step] v íñ³Ûáí ³ÝóÝ»É.
ùÇÝ ³é¨ïáõñ. ~ tourists ³ñï³ë³ÑÙ³ÝÛ³Ý ÷Ëμ. ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ ³ÝóÝ»É:
½μáë³ßñçÇÏÝ»ñ. 2. adv ³ñï³ë³ÑÙ³ÝáõÙ, overstock [΄əuvəstɒk] n ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñáí
ÍáíÇ ³ÛÝ ÏáÕÙÁ. study ~ ³ñï³ë³ÑÙ³ÝáõÙ ÉóÝ»É. ã³÷Çó Ù»Í å³ß³ñÝ»ñ ѳí³ù»É. ~ a
ëáíáñ»É. visitors from ~ ³Ûó»ÉáõÝ»ñ ³ñï³- shop with goods ˳ÝáõÃÁ ³åñ³Ýùáí ѻջ-
ë³ÑÙ³ÝÇó. go ~ ³ñï³ë³ÑÙ³Ý ·Ý³É/Ù»Ï- Õ»É. The farm is ~ed ü»ñÙ³ÛáõÙ ³í»ÉÇ ß³ï
Ý»É: ³Ý³ëáõÝ Ï³, ù³Ý Ñݳñ³íáñ ¿ Ï»ñ³-
oversee [‚əuvə΄si:] v ÑëÏ»É, í»ñ³ÑëÏ»É: Ïñ»É:
overseer [΄əuvəsiə] n í»ñ³Ï³óáõ, í»ñ³- overstrain [΄əuvəstrein] n, v ·»ñɳñáõÙ,
ÑëÏÇã. í³ñå»ï: ·»ñɳñí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ·»ñɳñ»É, ·»ñÑá·-
overset [‚əuvə΄set] v ϳñ·Á ˳Ëï»É. Ý»óÝ»É:
ßáõé ï³É/·³É. ~ one’s plans Íñ³·ñ»ñÁ overstrung [‚əuvə΄strΛŋ] a ·»ñɳñ-
˳Ëï»É: í³Í:
overt 586 owing

overt [əu΄və:t] a μ³ó, μ³ó³Ñ³Ûï: ïÇ×³Ý ÷³é³ëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ:


overtake [‚əuvə΄teik] v ѳëÝ»É, μéÝ»É. í³- overweigh [‚əuvə΄wei] v ·»ñ³Ïßé»É. ³í»ÉÇ
½³Ýó ³Ý»É. ѳÝϳñͳÏÇÇ μ»ñ»É. ~ a car ͳÝñ ù³ß áõݻݳÉ:
(Ù»ù»Ý³) í³½³Ýó ³Ý»É. Russia has ~n Ame- overweight [΄əuvəweit] n ѳí»ÉÛ³É ù³ß£
rica in... èáõë³ëï³ÝÝ ²Ù»ñÇϳÛÇó ³é³ç ¿ overweight [‚əuvə΄weit] a ÝáñÙ³ÛÇó ³í»ÉÇ
³Ýó»É… be ~n by events Çñ³¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝ- ͳÝñ£
Ý»ñÇó ѳÝϳñͳÏÇÇ ·³É: overweight [‚əuvə΄weit] v ·»ñμ»éÝ»É, ã³-
overtaking [‚əuvə΄teikiŋ] n í³½³Ýó. ’No’ ~ ÷Çó ³í»ÉÇ Í³Ýñ³μ»éÝ»É. He’s ~ for his
‘ì³½³ÝóÝ ³ñ·»ÉíáõÙ ¿’: height Æñ ѳë³ÏÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ μ³í³Ï³Ý Ù»Í
overtax [‚əuvə΄tæks] v ã³÷Çó ³í»ÉÇ Ù»Í ù³ß áõÝÇ. The parcel is ~ ö³Ã»ÃÁ ã³÷³-
ѳñÏ»ñ ¹Ý»É. ѳñÏ»ñáí ͳÝñ³μ»éÝ»É: The ½³Ýó ͳÝñ ¿. ~ luggage ÝáñÙ³ÛÇó ³í»É
country is ~ed ºñÏÇñÁ áõÅÇó í»ñ ͳÝñ³- áõÕ»μ»é:
μ»éÝí³Í ¿ ѳñÏ»ñáí. ~ oneself ÷Ëμ. ·»ñ- overwhelm [‚əuvə΄welm] v áÕáÕ»É, ѻջ-
ɳñí»É. Don’t ~ my patience! гÙμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝë Õ»É. ÷Ëμ. íñ³Ý ó÷»É. ï»Õ³É. ÁÝÏÝ»É,
ÙÇ° ÷áñÓÇñ: ç³Ëç³Ëí»É. ~ with questions ѳñó»ñ
overthrow [΄əuvəθrəu] n ï³å³ÉáõÙ, Ïáñ- ï»Õ³É. (ѳٳϻÉ, ïá·áñ»É) His kindness
ͳÝáõÙ, ³ÝÏáõÙ£ ~ed me Üñ³ μ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ ÇÝÓ ³åß»óñ»ó. ~
overthrow[‚əuvə΄θrəu] v ï³å³É»É, an opponent ѳϳé³Ïáñ¹ÇÝ Ñ³ÕûÉ. ~ with
ÏáñͳݻÉ. Ëáñï³Ï»É: grief íßïáí ѳٳÏí³Í:
overtime [΄əuvətaim] 1. n ³ñï³Å³ÙÛ³ ³ß- overwhelming [‚əuvə΄welmiŋ] a ³ÝѳÕ-
˳ï³Ýù. 2. a ³ñï³Å³ÙÛ³. do/work/be on óѳñ»ÉÇ, ×ÝßáÕ. an ~ majority ×ÝßáÕ Ù»-
~ ³ñï³Å³ÙÛ³ ³ß˳ï»É. ~ pay ³ñï³- ͳٳëÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ. an ~ defeat Édzϳï³ñ
ųÙÛ³ í³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛáõÝ/í׳ñáõÙ: å³ñïáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ pressure ³ÝѳÕóѳñ»ÉÇ/
overtone [΄əuvətəun] n »ñÅß. ÑÝã»ñ³Ý·, ç³Ëç³ËÇã ×ÝßáõÙ:
»É¨¿ç. ûμ»ñïáÝ. ÷Ëμ. »Ýóï»ùëï, ³Ï- overwind [‚əuvə΄waind] v ã³÷Çó ³í»ÉÇ
ݳñÏáõÙ. His words had certain ~ Üñ³ åïáõï³Ï»É/ɳñ»É. ~ a watch ųٳóáõÛóÇ
μ³é»ñáõÙ ÇÝã-áñ ³ÏݳñÏ Ï³ñ: ½ëå³Ý³ÏÁ ã³÷Çó ³í»ÉÇ É³ñ»É:
overtop [‚əuvə΄tɒp] v μ³ñÓñáõÃÛ³Ùμ ·»- overwork [‚əuvə΄wə:k] n ³ñï³Å³ÙÛ³ ³ß-
ñ³½³Ýó»É. í»ñ μ³ñÓñ³Ý³É. ÷Ëμ. ·»- ˳ï³Ýù. ·»ñɳñí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ·»ñͳÝñ³-
ñ³½³Ýó»É. Ýë»Ù³óÝ»É, ëïí»ñÇ ï³Ï μ»éÝí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÃáÕÝ»É: overwork [‚əuvə΄wə:k] v ã³÷³½³Ýó ß³ï
overture [΄əuvətjuə] n ѳßïáõÃÛ³Ý ÷áñÓ/ ³ß˳ï»É. ~ oneself ·»ñÑá·Ý»É. ~ a horse
³é³ç³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ~s μ³Ý³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÓÇÝ áõųëå³é ³Ý»É. ~ smb ͳÝñ³μ»éÝ»É
ëÏǽμ. make peace ~s Ë³Õ³Õ ³é³ç³ñÏáõ- ³ß˳ï³Ýùáí. He’s been ~ing ܳ ·»ñÑá·-
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ³Ý»É. »ñÅß. ݳ˻ñ·³Ýù: Ý»É ¿:
overturn [΄əuvətə:n] n ï³å³ÉáõÙ, Ïáñͳ- overwrought [‚əuvə΄rɔ:t] a Ù»Í ËݳÙùáí
ÝáõÙ. å³ñïáõÃÛáõÝ: ³ñí³Í/ϳï³ñí³Í. ·»ñÑá·Ý³Í. ·»ñɳñ-
overturn [‚əuvə΄tə:n] v ßáõé ï³É/·³É. ÁÝÏ- í³Í, ·»ñ·ñ·éí³Í:
Ý»É, í³Ûñ ·Éáñí»É. ï³å³É»É, ÏáñͳݻÉ. ~ a owe [əu] v å³ñïù/å³ñï³Ï³Ý ÉÇÝ»É. He
theory ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ ÅËï»É. ~ a decision Çñ³í. ~s me 100 dol. ܳ ÇÝÓ Ñ³ñÛáõñ ¹áɳñ ¿
áñáßáõÙ μ»Ï³Ý»É: å³ñïù. I’ll ~ it to you ºë ù»½ å³ñïù
overvalue [‚əuvə΄vælju:]1. n ·»ñ³·Ý³Ñ³- ÏÉÇÝ»Ù. He ~s everything to his mother ܳ
ïáõÙ. 2.v ·»ñ³·Ý³Ñ³ï»É. ~ one’s power ³Ù»Ý ÇÝãáí Çñ ÙáñÝ ¿ å³ñï³Ï³Ý. ~ smb a
áõÅ»ñÁ ·»ñ³·Ý³Ñ³ï»É: grudge Ù»ÏÇ ¹»Ù ³ï³Ù áõݻݳÉ:
overwatch [‚əuvə΄wɒt∫] v ³ÝùÝáõÃÛáõÝÇó owing [΄əuiŋ] a ãí׳ñí³Í.í׳ñÙ³Ý »Ýó-
áõųëå³é ÉÇÝ»É: ϳ. ѳٳñ. There ‘s still 20 dol ~ to me ÆÝÓ
overweening [‚əuvə΄wi:niŋ] a ·áéá½, Ù»- ¹»é ùë³Ý ¹áÉ. å³ñïù »Ý. the amount still ~
ͳÙÇï, ³Ùμ³ñï³í³Ý. ~ ambition ͳÛñ³ë- on the house ï³Ý ѳٳñ ¹»é¨ë ãí׳ñí³Í
owl 587 ozonize

·áõÙ³ñÁ. ~ to ßÝáñÑÇí, ѻ勉Ýùáí, å³ï- í³Ý»É, ³ÝÏ»ÕÍáñ»Ý ÁݹáõÝ»É. He ~ed up


׳éáí. ~ to illness ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛ³Ý å³ï׳- to the theft ܳ Ëáëïáí³Ý»ó, áñ ·áÕáõÃÛáõÝ
éáí. ~ to bad weather í³ï »Õ³Ý³ÏÇ å³ï- ¿ ³ñ»É. on one’s ~ account Çñ ݳ˳ӻé-
׳éáí: ÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ. She ~ed to telling lies ܳ
owl [aul] n μáõ. eagle ~ μí»×. ~ train/car ³Ù. Ëáëïáí³Ý»ó, áñ ëï»É ¿:
·Çß»ñ³ÛÇÝ ·Ý³óù/ïñ³Ùí³Û/ï³ùëÇ: owner [΄əunə] n ï»ñ, ë»÷³Ï³Ý³ï»ñ (ݳ¨
owlet [΄aulət] n μíÇ Ó³·/×áõï. μíÇÏ: property ~). the ~ of a house ï³Ý ï»ñÁ. ben-
owlish [΄auli∫] a μíÇ ÝÙ³Ý: eficial ~ ѳí³ï³ñÙ³·ñí³Í ë»÷³Ï³Ýáõ-
owl-light [΄aullait] n ÙÃÝß³Õ. ³Õç³ÙáõÕç: ÃÛ³Ý ß³Ñ³ï»ñ. the ~ ËëÏó. ݳí³å»ï.
own [əun] a ³ÝÓݳϳÝ, ë»÷³Ï³Ý. with joint ~ ѳٳï»ñ. sole ~ ÙdzÝÓÝÛ³ ë»÷³-
one’s ~ eyes ë»÷³Ï³Ý ³ãù»ñáí. his ~ idea ϳݳï»ñ:
Çñ ë»÷³Ï³Ý ·³Õ³÷³ñÁ. I have a copy of ownerless [΄əunələs] a ³Ýï»ñ, ÉùÛ³É, ïÇñ³-
my ~ ºë ÇÙ ë»÷³Ï³Ý ûñÇݳÏÝ áõÝ»Ù. hold ½áõñÏ:
one’s ~ Çñ ï»ë³Ï»ïÁ åݹ»É. My time is my ownerhsip [΄əunə∫ip] n ë»÷³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ.
~ ºë Ç٠ųٳݳÏÇ ï»ñÝ »Ù. my ~ joint ~ ѳٳë»÷³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
father/brother Ç٠ѳñ³½³ï ѳÛñÁ/»Õμ³ÛñÁ. ox [ɒks] n óáõÉ, »½. the black ~ Í»ñáõÃÛáõÝ,
for reasons of his ~ ÙdzÛÝ Çñ»Ý ѳÛïÝÇ ¹Åμ³ËïáõÃÛáõÝ. The black ~ has trod on my
å³ï׳éÝ»ñáí. (ÇÝùÁ, ٻݳÏ) I’m (all) on foot ÷Ëμ. ÆÝÓ Ñ»ï ¹Åμ³ËïáõÃÛáõÝ ¿
my ~ now ºë ÑÇÙ³ ÉñÇí Ù»Ý³Ï »Ù. They left å³ï³Ñ»É:
her on her ~ Üñ³Ýù Ù»Ý³Ï ÃáÕ»óÇÝ Ýñ³Ý. oxalic [ɒk΄sælik] a ùÇÙ. ÃñÃÝçáõϳÛÇÝ,
on one’s ~ ÇÝùÝáõñáõÛÝ Ï»ñåáí. She does all ÃñÃÝçáõÏÇ:
the cooking on her ~ ܳ ÇÝùÝ ¿ ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã oxbow [΄ɒksbəu] n »½Ý»ñÇ ÉáõÍ:
»÷áõÙ. be one’s ~ man ³ÝÏ³Ë ÉÇÝ»É. come oxen [΄ɒksn] n Ëáßáñ »Õç»ñ³íáñ ³Ý³ëáõÝ.
into one’s ~ å³ïß³×Á ëï³Ý³É. The patient as strong as an ~ óáõÉÇ/»½Ç ÝÙ³Ý ³-
is holding his ~ ÐÇí³Ý¹Á ¹ÇÙ³ÝáõÙ ¿. get éáÕç/áõÅ»Õ:
one’s ~ back on smb Ù»ÏÇ Ñ»ï ѳßÇíÝ»ñÁ oxeye [΄ɒksai] n »½³ãÛ³. ×ñï. ÏÉáñ/ ûí³É³-
Ù³ùñ»É. He can hold his ~ with anybody àã Ó¨ å³ïáõѳÝ:
áùÇ ÃáõÛÉ ãÇ ï³ Çñ»Ý íÇñ³íá- oxford [΄ɒksfəd] n ÏÇë³ÏáßÇÏ (ݳ¨ ~ shoe).
ñ»É/ݻճóÝ»É: ~ grey ÙáËñ³·áõÛÝ, åáÕå³ïÇ ·áõÛÝ. Ox-
own [əun] v áõݻݳÉ, ïÇñ»É. ~ property ë»- ford man úùëýáñ¹áõÙ ÏñÃáõÃÛáõÝ ëï³ó³Í
÷³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ï»ñ ÉÇÝ»É. Who ~s this car? Ù³ñ¹:
à±í ¿ Ù»ù»Ý³ÛÇ ï»ñÁ. The factory is ~ed by oxide [΄ɒksaid] n ùÇÙ. ûùëǹ. carbonic ~ ³Í-
my brother ¶áñͳñ³ÝÁ å³ïϳÝáõÙ ¿ Ç٠˳ÍÝÇ ûùëǹ£
»ÕμáñÁ. He acts as though he ~s the place ܳ oxidize [΄ɒksidaiz] v ûùëǹ³óÝ»É, ûùëǹ³-
Çñ»Ý ³Ûë ï»ÕÇ ïÇñáç ÝÙ³Ý ¿ å³ÑáõÙ. ݳÉ:
(׳ݳã»É, Ëáëïáí³Ý»É, ÁݹáõÝ»É) He ~s oxygen [΄ɒksidзən] n ÃÃí³ÍÇÝ:
himself indebted ܳ Çñ»Ý å³ñï³Ï³Ý ¿ oxygenous [΄ɒksidзənəs] a ÃÃí³ÍݳÛÇÝ,
½·áõÙ/׳ݳãáõÙ. He wouldn’t ~ himself in the ÃÃí³ÍÝÇ:
wrong ܳ ã¿ñ áõ½áõÙ ÁݹáõÝ»É, áñ ëË³É ¿. I oyster [΄ɔistə] n áëïñ». ~ bed áëïñ»Ý»ñÇ
~ I was surprised ÀݹáõÝáõÙ »Ù, áñ »ë ½³ñ- μáõͳñ³Ý. ~ bay áëïñ»Ý»ñÇ Íáí³Ëáñß:
Ù³ó³. ~ one’s faults ë˳ÉÝ»ñÁ/å³Ï³ëáõ- ozone [΄əuzəun] n ùÇÙ. û½áÝ.
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ÁݹáõÝ»É. ~ up ËëÏó. Ëáëïá- ozonize [΄əuzənaiz] v ùÇÙ. û½áݳóÝ»É:
588

P
P, p [pi:] ³Ý·É»ñ»Ý ³Ûμáõμ»ÝÇ 16–ñ¹ ï³éÁ. ×Ëïí³Í. ~ off ùß»É, áõÕ³ñÏ»É. ~ the children
mind one’s P’s and Q’s ù³Õ³ù³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý off to bed »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñÇÝ áõÕ³ñÏ»É ùÝ»Éáõ. ~
ϳÝáÝÝ»ñÁ å³Ñå³Ý»É, ½·áõÛß ÉÇÝ»É: smth in ÷Ëμ. ѳñóÁ/·áñÍÁ ÷³Ï»É. Let’s ~
P code [pi‚kəud] ÑÙÏñ·. Ï»ÕÍ (å먹á) Ïá¹£ up ÷Ëμ. ²í³ñï»Ýù (·áñÍÁ):
P-machine [pi mə΄∫in] åÇ Ù»ù»Ý³, Ï»ÕÍ package [΄pækidз] n ͳÝñáó, ÷³Ã»Ã, ϳ-
(å먹á) åñáó»ëáñ: åáó. a ~ deal ¹íÝ·. ³ÙμáÕç³Ï³Ý ѳٳ-
pace [peis] n ù³ÛÉ. go at a good ~ ɳí ù³Û- Ó³Ûݳ·ñáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ tour ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñå-
É»ñáí ÁÝóݳÉ. quicken one`s ~ ù³ÛÉ»ñÝ í³Í/ËÙμ³Ï³ÛÇÝ ½μáë³ßñçÇÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
³ñ³·³óÝ»É. keep ~ with smb. Ñ»ï ãÙݳÉ, pack-animal [΄pæk‚æniml] n μ»éݳÏÇñ
ѳÙÁÝóó ù³ÛÉ»É. (³ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝ, ï»Ùå) ϻݹ³ÝÇ, ·ñ³ëï:
hit the ~ ëɳݳÉ. at a slow ~ ß³ï ¹³Ý¹³Õ. at packed [pækt] a ÷³Ã»Ã³íáñí³Í. ÑÙÏñ·. ~
a snail‘s ~ ÏñdzÛÇ ù³ÛÉ»ñáí. put on the ~ ù³Û- array Ëï³óí³Í ½³Ý·í³Í. ~ decimal ÷³-
É»ñÝ ³ñ³·³óÝ»É. set the ~ ÁÝóóù ï³É. the ûóíáñí³Í ï³ë³Ï³Ý ÃÇí. ~ format ÷³-
~ of development ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ï»Ùå»ñÁ: ûóíáñí³Í ýáñÙ³ï. ~ word ÷³Ã»-
pace [peis] v ù³ÛÉ»É, ³Ýóáõ¹³ñÓ ³Ý»É. ù³Û- óíáñí³Í μ³é:
É»ñáí ã³÷»É. ~ a room ë»ÝÛ³ÏáõÙ ù³ÛÉ»É. ~ packer [΄pækə] n ÷³Ã»Ã³íáñáÕ:
off a distance Ñ»é³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ù³ÛÉ»ñáí packet [΄pækit] n ϳåáó, ÷áùñ ÷³Ã»Ã.
ã³÷»É. ~ up and down »ïáõ³é³ç ·Ý³É: ͳÝñáó³Íñ³ñ. ïáõ÷. a ~ of cigarettes/letters
pace [peis] prep Ù»ÏÇ ÃáõÛÉïíáõÃÛ³Ùμ: ÙÇ ïáõ÷ ëÇ·³ñ»ï. ÙÇ Ï³åáó ݳٳÏ. a ~
pacific [pə΄sifik] a ˳ճÕ, ˳ճճë»ñ. of sweets ÙÇ ÷³Ã»Ã ÏáÝý»ï. make a ~ ËëÏó.
the P~ (ocean) Ê³Õ³Õ ûíÏdzÝáë: Ù»Í Ë³Õ³·áõÙ³ñ ߳ѻÉ/ï³Ý»É:
pacifier [΄pæsifaiə] n ѳݷëï³óÝáÕ ³ÝÓ. packet-boat [΄pækitbəut] n ÷áëï³ï³ñ/
Ù³ÝÏ³Ï³Ý ÍͳÏ: Ù³ñ¹³ï³ñ ݳí:
pacifist [΄pæsifist] n ˳ճճë»ñ, ˳ճ- pack-horse [΄pækhɔ:s] n μ»éݳÏÇñ ÓÇ:
ÕáõÃÛ³Ý ç³ï³·áí. å³óÇýÇëï: packing [΄pækiŋ] n ÷³Ã»Ã³íáñáõÙ, ϳå-
pacify [΄pæsifai] v ѳݷëï³óÝ»É, ѳݹ³ñ- ÏåáõÙ. ~ material ÷³Ã»Ã³íáñÙ³Ý å³ñ³-
ï»óÝ»É, ˳ճջóÝ»É. I managed to ~ them ·³Ý»ñ/ÝÛáõÃ. a ~ case ÷³Ã»Ã³íáñÙ³Ý
ÆÝÓ Ñ³çáÕí»ó Ýñ³Ýó ѳݷëï³óÝ»É: ï³ñ³. I’ve done my ~ ºë ³ñ¹»Ý Çñ»ñë
pack [pæk] n ѳÏ, ϳåáó, ÷³Ã»Ã. ½ÇÝ. ϳåÏå»É »Ù. ~ not included ·ÇÝÝ ³é³Ýó
ïáåñ³Ï, Ïéݳå³Ûáõë³Ï. a ~ of cards ˳- ÷³Ã»Ã³íáñÙ³Ý:
Õ³ÃÕûñÇ Ï³åáõÏ. a ~ of wolves/hounds pact [pækt] n å³Ûٳݳ·Çñ, ¹³ßÇÝù. make a
·³ÛÉ»ñÇ/ßÝ»ñÇ áÑÙ³Ï. (ËáõÙμ, μ³Ý¹³) a ~ ~ enter into a ~ å³Ûٳݳ·Çñ/¹³ßÇÝù ÏÝù»É.
of thieves ·áÕ»ñÇ μ³Ý¹³. a ~ of lies ÷Ëμ. ÙÇ non-agression ~ ãѳñÓ³Ïí»Éáõ ¹³ßÇÝù:
ïáåñ³Ï ëáõï. ~ sack Ù»çùÇ å³ñÏ (׳Ù- pad [pæd] n ÷³÷áõÏ ÙÇç³¹Çñ, μ³ñÓÇÏ.
÷áñ¹³Ï³Ý). ~ thread μ³ñ³Ï ÃáÏ (³å- writing ~ Íáó³ï»ïñ, μÉáÏÝáï. launching ~
ñ³Ýù/ Çñ»ñ ϳå»Éáõ ѳٳñ)£ ³ñÓ³ÏÙ³Ý (ÑñÃÇé ¨ ³ÛÉÝ) Ññ³å³ñ³Ï:
pack [pæk] v ÷³Ã»Ã³íáñ»É/ѳϳíáñ»É. ÉÇ- pad [pæd] v ÷³÷áõÏ μ³Ýáí ÉóÝ»É. ÷³÷áõÏ
ùÁ ÉóÝ»É. ~ up ϳåÏå»É (Çñ»ñÁ) ~ with ÙÇç³¹Çñ ¹Ý»É. a ~ded jacket ÷³÷áõÏ ÙÇç³-
ÉÇùÁ/É»÷-É»óáõÝ ÉóÝ»É. ³ÙμáË»É. ~ one’s ¹Çñáí åÇç³Ï. a ~ded quilt μ³Ùμ³ÏÛ³ í»ñ-
case Çñ»ñÁ/å³Ûáõë³ÏÁ ѳí³ù»É. The food Ù³Ï:
comes ~ed êÝݹ³ÙûñùÁ ëï³óíáõÙ ¿ paddle [΄pædl] n ÃÇ, ÃdzÏ, ÃdzÝÇí. ~ stea-
÷³Ã»Ã³íáñí³Í íÇ׳ÏáõÙ. The bus was mer ³ÝÇí³íáñ ß᷻ݳí. ~ wheel ÃdzÝÇí.
~ed ²íïáμáõëÁ É»÷-É»óáõÝ ¿ñ. a ~ed lunch paddle [΄pædl] v Ãdzí³ñ»É. çñáõÙ ã÷ã÷³ó-
÷³Ã»Ã³íáñí³Í ݳ˳׳ß. ~ed like sar- Ý»É. Ducks were ~ing in the pond ´³¹»ñÁ Éá-
dines ã³÷³½³Ýó ËÇïª ï³é»ËÇ å»ë ÕáõÙ ¿ÇÝ É׳ÏáõÙ:
paddling pool 589 palatal

paddling pool [΄pædliŋpu:l] n ·áñï»ñÇ ¹Åí³ñÇÝ ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝ. My leg is ~ àïùë


³í³½³Ý: ó³íáõÙ ¿:
paddock [΄pædək] n ó³Ýϳå³ï³Í ¹³ßï painfully [΄peinfli] adv ó³í³ÉÇáñ»Ý:
(Ódzí³ñÅáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ). ³ñáï³í³Ûñ. painkiller [΄pein‚kilə] n ó³í³½ñÏáÕ/ó³íÁ
³ñï: ѳݷëï³óÝáÕ ÙÇçáó:
padlock [΄pædlɒk] 1. n ϳËáíÇ ÏáÕå»ù. 2. painless [΄peinləs] a ³Ýó³í, ó³í ãå³ï׳-
v ϳËáíÇ ÏáÕå»ùáí ÷³Ï»É. The door was éáÕ:
~ed ¸é³Ý íñ³ ÏáÕå»ù ¿ñ ϳ˳Í: painstaking [΄peinz‚teikiŋ] a ç³Ý³¹Çñ,
pediatrician [‚pi:diə΄tri∫n] n Ù³ÝϳμáõÛÅ: ÷áõóç³Ý. ³ß˳ï³ë»ñ:
pagan [΄peigən] 1. n, a ѻóÝáë, ѻóÝá- paint [peint] n Ý»ñÏ, ·áõÛÝ. a box of ~s ÙÇ
ë³Ï³Ý: ïáõ÷ Ý»ñÏ. Wet ~ ! ¼·á°õÛߪ Ý»ñÏí³Í ¿. get
page I [peidз] 1. n ¿ç. title ~ ïÇïÕáë³Ã»ñÃ. too much ~ ã³÷Çó ³í»ÉÇ ßå³ñí»É:
specimen ~ ÷áñÓÝ³Ï³Ý ¿ç. on ~ ¿ç 12-Ç paint [peint] v Ý»ñÏ»É, Ý»ñÏ»Éáí Ýϳñ»É. ~ a
íñ³, ¿ç 12-áõÙ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ data set ¿ç³ÛÇÝ door ¹áõéÁ Ý»ñÏ»É. ~ one’s face ßå³ñí»É.
ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ Ñ³í³ù³Íáõ. ~ directory ¿ç»ñÇ (Ýϳñ»É) ~ a picture Ýϳñ Ýϳñ»É. ~ in oils
³ÕÛáõë³Ï. ~ frame table ¿ç³ÛÇÝ μÉáÏÝ»ñÇ ÛáõճݻñÏáí Ýϳñ»É. ~ the town red ËëÏó.
³ÕÛáõë³Ï. ~ layout ¿çÇ Ù³Ï»ï. 2. v ¿ç»ñÁ ³Ýϳñ·áõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É, ³ÕÙáõÏáí áõñ³-
ѳٳñ³Ï³É»É: ˳ݳÉ. He is not as black as he is ~ed ܳ
page II [peidз] n (ݳ¨ ~ boy) ëå³ë³íáñ ³ÛÝù³Ý ¿É í³ï Ù³ñ¹ ã¿, áñù³Ý Ý»ñϳ۳ó-
ïÕ³ (ÑÛáõñ³ÝáóáõÙ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ). åïÙ. å³Å: ÝáõÙ »Ý. (Ýϳñ³·ñ»É) No words can ~ the
pageant [΄pædзənt] n Ý»ñϳ۳óáõÙ, ѳÝ- beauty of the sea àã ÙÇ μ³éáí ãÇ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ
¹»ë. ßù»Õ ï»ë³ñ³Ý: Ýϳñ³·ñ»É ÍáíÇ ·»Õ»óÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ:
pageantry [΄pædзəntri] n ÷³ÛÉ. ßù»Õáõ- paintbrush [΄peintbrΛ∫] n íñÓÇÝ:
ÃÛáõÝ. ³ñï³ùÇÝ ßáõù: painted [΄peintid] a Ý»ñÏí³Í, ·áõݳíáñ,
paid-in [‚peid΄in] a í׳ñí³Í, ÙáõÍí³Í. ~ Ýϳñí³Í:
shares í׳ñí³Í μ³ÅÝ»ïáÙë»ñ: painter [΄peintə] n ÝϳñÇã, ·»Õ³ÝϳñÇã.
pail [peil] n ¹áõÛÉ: Ý»ñϳñ³ñ:
pailful [΄peilful] n ÙÇ ÉÇùÁ ¹áõÛÉ, ÙÇ ¹áõÛÉ: painting [΄peintiŋ] n Ýϳñ, ½³ñ¹³Ýϳñ.
pain [pein] n ó³í. a sharp/dull ~ ëáõñ/μáõà ·»Õ³ÝϳñãáõÃÛáõÝ. ·áõݳÝϳñãáõÃÛáõÝ.
ó³í. a great ~ áõÅ»Õ ó³í. cause ~ ó³í Ý»ñÏáõÙ. Ý»ñϳñ³ñ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍ. Ý»ñϳñ³-
å³ï׳é»É (ݳ¨ ÷Ëμ.). on ~ of death Ù³Ñ- ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
í³Ý ëå³éݳÉÇùÇ ï³Ï. feel the ~ ó³í pair [peə] n ½áõÛ·. a ~ of gloves/shoes ÙÇ ½áõÛ·
½·³É. stand the ~ ó³íÇÝ ¹ÇٳݳÉ. ~ killer Ó»éÝáó/ÏáßÇÏ. a ~ of trousers/tights ï³μ³ï/
ó³í³½ñÏáÕ. (³ÝѳݷëïáõÃÛáõÝ) take great ½áõ·³·áõÉå³. a ~ of scales/scissors/tongs
~s Ù»Í ç³Ýù ó÷»É. save one’s ~s áõÅ»ñÁ Ïß»éù/ÙÏñ³ï/áõÝ»ÉÇ. in ~s ½áõÛ·»ñáí,
ËݳۻÉ. ~ and penalties ïáõÛÅ, å³ïÇÅ, ïáõ- ½áõÛ·-½áõÛ·. (³ÙáõëÝ³Ï³Ý ½áõÛ·) a happy ~
·³Ýù. (ç³Ýù»ñ, ×Ç·) for my ~s ÇÙ ç³Ýù»- Ýáñ³åë³ÏÝ»ñ£
ñÇ/ ×Ç·»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. spare no ~s ç³Ýù ãËݳ- pair [peə] v ½áõÛ·-½áõÛ· ÙdzݳÉ/ÙdzóÝ»É.
Û»É: ³ÙáõëݳݳÉ. (ϻݹ.) ½áõ·³íáñí»É. ~ off
pain [pein] v ó³í»É, ó³í å³ï׳é»É. My ½áõÛ·»ñÇ μ³Å³Ý(í)»É:
foot ~s me àïùë ó³íáõÙ ¿. Your behaviour pal [pæl]1. n ËëÏó. ÁÝÏ»ñ, μ³ñ»Ï³Ù. 2. v
~s me ÷Ëμ. øá í³ñÙáõÝùÁ ÇÝÓ ó³í ¿ å³ï- ÁÝÏ»ñ³Ý³É, Ùï»ñٳݳÉ. ~ up with smb
׳éáõÙ: Ù»ÏÇ Ñ»ï ÁÝÏ»ñ³Ý³É:
pained [peind] a íßï³ó³Í, ¹³éݳó³Í, íÇ- palace [΄pæləs] 1. n å³É³ï, ³å³ñ³Ýù,
ñ³íáñí³Í. a ~ expression ¹»ÙùÇ íßï³ó³Í ßù»Õ ïáõÝ, ³é³ÝÓݳïáõÝ. 2. a å³É³ï³-
³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÃÛáõÝ. look ~ íÇñ³íáñí³Í ϳÝ, å³É³ïÇ:
ï»ëù áõݻݳÉ: palatable [΄pælətəbl] a ѳٻÕ, ³Ëáñų-
painful [΄peinfl] a ó³íáï, ó³í å³ï׳éáÕ. ѳÙ. ÷Ëμ. ѳ׻ÉÇ:
a ~ sting ó³íáï ˳ÛÃáó. a ~ disease ͳÝñ/ palatal [΄pælətl]1. n ÑÝã. ùÙ³ÛÇÝ ÑÝãÛáõÝ. 2.
palatalization 590 pancake

a ùÇÙùÇ, ùÇÙ³ÛÇÝ. ÑÝã. ùÙ³ÛÇÝ: palm I [pa:m] n ϽÙË. Ó»éùÇ ³÷. grease/oil
palatalization [‚pælətəlai΄zei∫n] n ÑÝã. a person’s ~ ‘Ûáõջɒ Ù»ÏÇ ³÷Á, ϳ߳éù ï³É:
ùÙ³ÛݳóáõÙ, ÷³÷ϳóáõÙ: palm II [pa:m] n μëμ. ³ñÙ³í»ÝÇ. ÷Ëμ.
palatalize [΄pælətəlaiz] v ùÙ³ÛݳóÝ»É, ѳÕóݳÏ. ~ oil ³ñÙ³í»Ýáõ ÛáõÕ. bear/carry
÷³÷ϳóÝ»É: the ~ ѳÕÃ³Ý³Ï ï³Ý»É. P~ Sunday ÏñÝ.
palate [΄pælət] n ùÇÙù. ѳÏáõÙ, Ñ»- ̳Õϳ½³ñ¹(Ç ÏÇñ³ÏÇ), ̳齳ñ¹³ñ£
ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝ. hard/soft ~ Ïáßï/÷³÷áõÏ palm [pa:m] v ³÷áí ßáÛ»É. ÷Ëμ. ϳ߳é»É.
ùÇÙù. ׳߳Ï, ³ËáñųÏ. a fine ~ ÷Ëμ. ~ smth off on smb, ~ smb off with smth Ù»ÏÇ
Ýáõñμ ׳߳Ï: μáõéÁ ÙÇ μ³Ý ËáûÉ:
palatial [pə΄lei∫l] a å³É³ïÇ, å³É³ï³Ï³Ý. palmist [΄pa:mist] n Ó»éݳ·áõß³Ï, ËÇñá-
(»ñμ»ÙÝ »ñ·ÇͳϳÝ) ßù»Õ, ÷³é³Ñ»Õ: Ù³Ýï:
palaver [pə΄la:və] n ß³Õ³Ïñ³ïáõÃÛáõÝ, ¹³- palmy [΄pa:mi] a ³ñÙ³í»Ýáõ ÝÙ³Ý. ͳÕ-
ï³ñϳËáëáõÃÛáõÝ. They had a long ~ Þ³ï
ÏáõÝ, μ³ñ·³í³×:
¹³ï³ñϳμ³Ý»óÇÝ. Why make so much ~ ?
palpable [΄pælpəbl] a ³ÏÝѳÛï, å³ñ½. ßá-
à±õÙ ¿ å»ïù ³Ûë ¹³ï³ñϳμ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ:
ß³÷»ÉÇ, ½·³ÉÇ. a ~ error ÷Ëμ. ³ÏÝѳÛï
pale [peil] a ·áõݳï, ¹³ÉáõÏ. ³Ý·áõÛÝ, áã ë˳É:
å³Ûͳé. ~ blue/yellow »ñÏݳ·áõÛÝ, μ³ó
ϳåáõÛï. μ³ó ¹»ÕÇÝ. ~ face ¹³Éϳ¹»Ù,
palpate [pæl΄peit] v μÅßÏ. ßáß³÷»É, ßáß³-
÷»Éáí ùÝÝ»É:
ëåÇï³Ï³ÙáñÃ. turn ~ ·áõݳïí»É:
pale [peil] 1. n óÇó. ó³Ýϳå³ï. 2. v ó³Ý- palpitant [΄pælpitənt] a ïñá÷áÕ, μ³-
μ³ËáÕ:
ϳå³ï»É, óó³å³ï»É£
paled [peild] a ó³Ýϳå³ï³Í, óó³å³ïáí palpitate [΄pælpiteit] v μ³μ³Ë»É, ïñá÷»É.
ÃñÃé³É, Ã÷ñï³É. ~ with fear í³ËÇó ëÇñïÁ
ßñç³å³ï³Í:
ÃñÃé³É£
palette [΄pælət] n Ý»ñϳåݳÏ. a ~ knife
³ñí. Ù³ëïÇËÇÝ. ËÑñ. ÷áùñ ÃÇ, Ãdzϣ palpitation [‚pælpi΄tei∫n] n ëñïÇ áõÅ»Õ
paling [΄peiliŋ] n óó³å³ï, ó³Ýϳå³ï: μ³μ³ËáõÙ/Ë÷áó:
palisade [‚pæli΄seid] n ó³Ýϳå³ï³Í ÷áù- palsy [΄pɔ:lzi] n, v ϳÃí³Í, ϳÃí³Í³Ñ³-
ñÇÏ å³ñ﻽: ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ³Ý¹³Ù³ÉáõÍ»É, ϳÃí³Í³Ñ³ñ»É:
palish [΄peili∫] a ¹Å·áõÛÝ, ¹³ÉϳíáõÝ: palter [΄pɔ:ltə] v Ï»ÕÍ»É, Ï»ÕͳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ
pall [pɔ:l] n ͳÍÏáó (¹³·³ÕÇ). óÝÓñ / ³Ý»É. ë³Ï³ñÏ»É, ¹³ï³ñϳμ³Ý»É:
Ùé³ÛÉ ùáÕ. ÷Ëμ. ͳÍÏáõÛÃ. under a ~ of snow paltry [΄pɔ:ltri] a ³ÝÝß³Ý, ãÝãÇÝ, Ù³Ýñ.
ÓÛ³Ý Í³ÍÏáõÛÃÇ ï³Ï. a ~ of smoke ÍËÇ ËÕ×áõÏ, áÕáñÙ»ÉÇ:
³Ùå: pampas [΄pæmpəs] n ѳñ³í-³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý
pall [pɔ:l] v Ñá·Ý»óÝ»É, Ó³ÝÓñ³óÝ»É. ѳÙÁ ï³÷³ëï³ÝÝ»ñ, å³Ùå³ëÝ»ñ:
ѳݻÉ. These stories began to ~ ²Ûë å³ïÙáõ- pamper [΄pæmpə] v ÷³Û÷³Û»É, »ñ»ë ï³É.
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ëÏë»óÇÝ Ó³ÝÓñ³óÝ»É: ÉÏëï»É:
pallet [΄pælət] n ÍÕáï» Ý»ñùݳÏ: pamphlet [΄pæmflət] n å³ñë³í³·Çñ,
palliate [΄pælieit] v Ù»ÕÙ³óÝ»É, ÃáõɳóÝ»É: å³ÙýÉ»ï, μñáßÛáõñ:
palliation [‚pæli΄ei∫n] n ûè³óáõÙ, Ù»ÕÙ³- pan [pæn] n (ݳ¨ frying ~) óí³, ï³å³Ï.
óáõÙ. ëùáÕáõÙ. Ý»ñ»ÉÁ, ³ñ¹³ñ³óÝ»ÉÁ£ Ù»ï³ÕÛ³ ³Ù³Ý, óë. Ïß»éùÇ Ã³Ã. lavatory
palliative [΄pæliətiv] n ó³í³ÙáùÇã, μ³Ûó ~ ½áõ·³ñ³Ý³ÏáÝù, ÏáÝù:
ãμáõÅáÕ ¹»Õ. ÷Ëμ. ÏÇë³ÙÇçáó: panacea [‚pænə΄siə] n ѳٳ¹³ñÙ³Ý, ѳ-
pallid [΄pælid] a Ù»é»É³·áõÛÝ, ·áõݳó÷, Ù³μݳμáõÛÅ ÙÇçáó:
ÃáßݳÍ: panama [΄pænəma:] n (ݳ¨ ~ hat) ³Ù³é³-
pallidness [΄pælidnəs] n ËÇëï ·áõݳó- ÛÇÝ ·É˳ñÏ, å³Ý³Ù³:
÷áõÃÛáõÝ. Ù»é»É³ÛÇÝ ·áõÛÝ: panamerican [‚pænə΄merikən] a ѳٳ-
pallor [΄pælə] n ·áõݳïáõÃÛáõÝ, ¹³ÉÏáõ- ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý:
ÃÛáõÝ: pancake [΄pænkeik] n ÓÇóμÉÇÃ, ÛáõÕ³μÉÇÃ.
pally [΄pæli] a ß÷íáÕ, ³ÝÙÇç³Ï³Ý. ˳éÝ- as flat as ~ ÓÇóμÉÇÃÇ ÝÙ³Ý ï³÷³Ï, ß³ï
íáÕ: ï³÷³Ï:
pandemonium 591 paper

pandemonium [‚pændə΄məuniəm] n ËëÏó. pan-out [΄pænaut] v ·ÉáõË ·³É, ѳçáÕí»É. It


¹Åá˳ÛÇÝ Ë³éݳß÷áÃáõÃÛáõÝ. This caused all ~ned out quite well ¶áñÍÁ ѳçáÕ ·Ý³ó.
~ ¸³ ˳éݳß÷áÃáõÃÛáõÝ ëï»ÕÍ»ó: How did it all ~ ? ÆÝãá±í ³Û¹ μáÉáñÝ ³í³ñï-
pander [΄pændə] n ÙÇçÝáñ¹£ í»ó:
pander [΄pændə] v ϳí³ïáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É. panoplied [΄pænəplid] a Édzϳï³ñ ëå³-
í³ï μ³Ý Ëñ³Ëáõë»É. ~ to low tastes ó³Íñ é³½ÇÝí³Í:
׳߳ÏÇÝ Ñ³×á۳ݳÉ/ïáõñù ï³É: panoply [΄pænəpli] n ½»Ýùáõ½ñ³Ñ, ëå³é³-
pane [pein] n (ݳ¨ a window ~) Éáõë³ÙáõïÇ ½ÇÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
³å³ÏÇ. å³ïÇ ï³Ëï³Ï³¹ñí³·, å³Ý»É: panorama [‚pænə΄ra:mə] n ѳٳÛݳ-
paned [peind] a ³å³Ï»å³ï³Í, ³å³ÏÇ å³ïÏ»ñ£
·ó³Í: pan-pipe [΄pænpaip] n ëñÇÝ·:
panegyric [‚pænə΄dзirik] n ·áí³ë³Ý³Ï³Ý pansy [΄pænzi] n μëμ. »é³·áõÛÝ/½³é Ù³Ýáõ-
׳é, Ý»ñμáÕ: ß³Ï (²ÝÛáõï³ÛÇ ³ãÇÏÝ»ñ):
panel [΄pænl] n ï³Ëï³Ï³¹ñí³Í, ÙÇç³- pant [pænt] n ͳÝñ ßÝã³éáõÃÛáõÝ, Ѩù.
ï³Ëï³Ï. μ³ñ³Ï ï³Ëï³Ï (·»ÕÝÏ. ѳ- ÷Ýãáó. (ëñïÇ) Ë÷áó, ÃñÃéáó:
Ù³ñ). ٻͳÝϳñ, Ù»Í ã³÷Ç Éáõë³Ýϳñ. pant [pænt] v ͳÝñ ßÝã»É, Ѩ³É, ÷Ýã³óÝ»É.
control ~ ï»Ë. ϳé³í³ñÙ³Ý Ï»ï. instru- The runner/fat man was ~ing ì³½áñ¹Á/
ment ~ ³í. ջϳí³ñÙ³Ý/ë³ñù»ñÇ í³Ñ³Ý. гëïÉÇÏÁ ͳÝñ ѨáõÙ ¿ñ. ~ from effort
ë³ñù³í³Ñ³Ý. (Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó ËáõÙμ, ѳÝÓ- ͳÝñ ×Ç·»ñÇó Ѩ³É. ~ out ÙÇ ßÝãáí μ»ñ³-
ݳËáõÙμ) jury ~, a panel of jurors ³ï»Ý³- ÝÇó ¹áõñë ï³É:
ϳÉÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ÝÓݳËáõÙμ. a ~ of experts pantechnicon [pæn΄teknikən] n ϳÑáõÛù
Ù³ëݳ·»ïÝ»ñÇ ËáõÙμ. be on a doctor’s ~ ï»Õ³÷áË»Éáõ Ù»ù»Ý³:
ïíÛ³É μÅßÏÇ ÑÇí³Ý¹Á ÉÇÝ»É. the ~ of a quiz pantaloon [‚pæntə΄lu:n] n Ý»Õ ß³Éí³ñ:
show é³¹Çá/Ñ»éáõëï³ï»ë³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ý»Éáõ- pantheon [΄pænθiən] n å³ÝûáÝ:
ϳ˳ÕÇ/íÇÏïáñÇݳÛÇ Ù³ëݳÏÇó: panther [΄pænθə] n ϻݹ. Ñáí³½, Ñáí³-
panelled [΄pænld] a ï³Ëï³Ï³¹ñí³·áí ½³éÛáõÍ:
å³ï³Í: panties [΄pæntiz] n ËëÏó. ϳݳóÇ Ý»ñùݳ-
panelling [΄pænliŋ] n ï³Ëï³Ï³¹ñí³- ½·»ëï. í³ñïÇù, ÏÇë³í³ñïÇù:
·áõÙ: pantomime [΄pæntəmaim] n óïñ. ÙÝç³-
pang [pæŋ] n ëáõñ ó³í. feel a sharp ~ ëáõñ ˳Õ, ÙÝç³Ï³ï³Ï:
ó³í ½·³É. ~s of hunger ù³ÕóÇ ï³é³- pantry [΄pæntri] n Ù³é³Ý, Ùûñ³Ýáó:
å³ÝùÝ»ñ. ~ of conscience ËÕ×Ç Ë³ÛÃ: pants [pænts] n ïÕ³Ù³ñ¹áõ Ý»ñùݳ½·»ëï.
panhandle [΄pæn‚hændl] n óí³ÛÇ/ϳÃë³- í³ñïÇù, ÷á˳Ý:
ÛÇÏÇ ÏáÃ, μéݳÏ: panzer [΄pænsə] a ½ñ³Ñ³ï³ÝϳÛÇÝ:
panic [΄pænik] 1. n Ëáõ׳å, ѳÝϳñ- papa [pə΄pa:] n ѳÛñÇÏ:
Í³Ï³Ý ë³ñë³÷. cause/create ~ Ëáõ׳å papacy [΄peipəsi] n å³åáõÃÛáõÝ, å³å³-
³é³ç³óÝ»É. siezed by ~ë³ñë³÷áí/³Ñáí Ï³Ý Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
μéÝí³Í. throw into a ~ Ëáõ׳åÇ Ù³ïÝ»É. 2. papal [΄peipl] a å³å³Ï³Ý, å³åÇ:
v Ëáõ×³å ³é³ç³óÝ»É, Ëáõ׳åÇ Ù»ç paper [΄peipə] n ÃáõÕÃ. ûñÃ. ·Çï³Ï³Ý ½»-
ÁÝÏÝ»É: ÏáõóáõÙ. smooth/rough/crumpled ~ ѳñÃ/³Ý-
panic-monger [΄pænik‚mΛŋgə] n Ëáõ׳- ѳñÃ/ ×ÙéÃí³Í ÃáõÕÃ. carbon ~ å³ï׻ݳ-
å³ñ³ñ: Ñ³Ý ÃáõÕÃ. brown/wrapping ÷³Ã»Ã³íáñ-
panic-stricken [΄pænik‚strikən] a Ëáõ׳- Ù³Ý ÃáõÕÃ. plotting ~ ÙÇÉÇÙ»ïñ³í³Ý¹³Ï-
å³Ñ³ñ, ë³ñë³÷³Ñ³ñ: Ý»ñáí ÃáõÕÃ. lined/blank ~ ·Í³íáñ/Ù³ùáõñ
panicky [΄pæniki] a Ëáõ׳å³ÛÇÝ. be ~ ÃáõÕÃ. a piece/sheet of ~ ÙÇ Ã»ñà ÃáõÕÃ. wall
ËëÏó. Ëáõ׳åÇ Ù³ïÝí»É: ~ å³ëï³é. commit to ~ ·ñ³Ýó»É. ÃÕÃÇÝ
pannier [΄pæniə] n ùÃáó, ÏáÕáí: ѳÝÓÝ»É. put on ~ ·ñÇ ³éÝ»É. identity ~s
pannikin [΄pænikin] n óë, óëÇÏ. ³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý ÷³ëï³ÃÕûñ. published ~s
ÃÇûÕÛ³ ·³í³Ã: Ññ³ï³ñ³Ïí³Í Ñá¹í³ÍÝ»ñ. read a ~ at the
paper 592 parasitism

seminar ë»ÙÇݳñÇÝ ½»Ïáõóáõ٠ϳñ¹³É. paraffin [΄pærəfin] n å³ñ³ýÇÝ, ݳíÃ. liq-


write a ~ ·Çï³Ï³Ý ³ß˳ï³Ýù ·ñ»É. set uid ~ å³ñ³ýÇÝÇ ÛáõÕ. ~ lamp ݳíÃÇ É³Ùå:
exam ~s ùÝÝ³Ï³Ý ÝÛáõûñ ϳ½Ù»É. send in paragon [΄pærəgən] n ûñÇݳÏ, ïÇå³ñ. a ~
one’s ~s ·áñÍ»ñÁ/÷³ëï³ÃÕûñÁ Ý»ñϳ- of virtue ³é³ùÇÝáõÃÛ³Ý ïÇå³ñ:
Û³óÝ»É/áõÕ³ñÏ»É (³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ/áõëÙ³Ý paragraph [΄pærəgra:f] n å³ñμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ,
ѳٳñ): ѳïí³Í. Çñ³í. Ñá¹í³Í. a ~ in the paper
paper [΄peipə] a ÃÕû. ~ money/handkerchiefs ÷áùñÇÏ Ñá¹í³Í ûñÃáõÙ:
ÃÕó¹ñ³Ù, ÃÕû ³ÝÓ»éáóÇÏ: parallel [΄pærəlel] n Ù³Ã., ³ßËñ. ½áõ·³-
paper [΄peipə] v ÃÕóå³ï»É. ~ a room Ñ»é³Ï³Ý, ½áõ·³Ñ»é ·ÇÍ. ½áõ·³Ñ»é³·ÇÍ.
ë»ÝÛ³ÏÁ å³ëï³é³å³ï»É: draw a ~ ½áõ·³Ñ»é ³ÝóϳóÝ»É. It is smth
paperback [΄peipəbæk] n ÃÕû/÷³÷áõÏ without ~ ¸³ Çñ ½áõ·³Ñ»éÁ ãáõÝÇ:
ϳ½Ùáí ·Çñù: ~ clip ³Ùñ³Ï: parallel [΄pærəlel] a ½áõ·³Ñ»é, ½áõ·³Ñ»é³-
paper-hanger [΄peipə‚hæŋə] n å³ëï³é³- ϳÝ. ÝÙ³Ý, ÝáõÛÝûñÇݳÏ. ~ lines/bars ½áõ-
·áñÍ: ·³Ñ»é ·Í»ñ. ½áõ·³÷³Ûï. The road runs ~
paper-knife [΄peipənaif] n ÃÕóѳï/ûñ- with the river ֳݳå³ñÑÁ ·»ïÇ Ñ»ï
Ã³Ñ³ï ¹³Ý³Ï: ½áõ·³Ñ»é ¿ ·ÝáõÙ. not a ~ case áã ÝáõÛÝ-
paper-mill [΄peipəmil] n ÃÕÃÇ ·áñͳñ³Ý: ûñÇÝ³Ï ¹»åù. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ access ½áõ·³Ñ»é
paper work [΄peipəwə:k] a ·ñ³ë»Ý۳ϳÛÇÝ ÁÝïñ»ÉÁ. ~ adder ½áõ·³Ñ»é ·áõÙ³ñÇã. ~
³ß˳ï³Ýù: search ½áõ·³Ñ»é áñáÝáõÙ:
papery [΄peipəri] a ÃÕÃÇ Ñ³ëïáõÃÛ³Ý, ß³ï paralyse [΄pærəlaiz] v ϳÃí³Í³Ñ³ñ ³Ý»É,
μ³ñ³Ï: ³Ý¹³Ù³ÉáõÍ»É. çɳï»É. ~d with terror ë³ñ-
paprika [΄pæprikə] n ù³Õóñ, ϳݳã ë³÷Çó ³Ñ³μ»Ïí³Í. ~ the movement ß³ñ-
åÕå»Õ, å³åñÇϳ: ÅáõÙÁ çɳï»É:
papyrus [pə΄pairəs] n å³åÇñáõë: paralysis [pə΄ræləsis] n ϳÃí³Í, ³Ý¹³Ù³-
par [pa:] n ѳí³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. on a ~ ѳí³- ÉáõÍáõÃÛáõÝ. traffic ~ ÷Ëμ. »ñè»ÏáõÃÛ³Ý
ë³ñ/ѳٳѳí³ë³ñ Ï»ñåáí. put smn on a çɳïáõÙ/ϳÃí³Í³Ñ³ñáõÙ:
~ with áñ¨¿ Ù»ÏÇÝ ÏáÕùÇÝ ¹Ý»É/ѳí³ë³ñ paralytic [‚pærə΄litik] a ϳÃí³Í³Ñ³ñ,
·ïÝ»É. (³Ýí³Ý³Ï³Ý ·ÇÝ) above/below ~ ³Ý¹³Ù³ÉáõÛÍ. ËëÏó. ËÇëï ѳñμ³Í:
³Ýí³Ý³Ï³Ý ·ÝÇó μ³ñÓñ/ó³Íñ. at ~ parameter [pə΄ræmitə] n μÝáõó·ñíáÕ Ù»-
³Ýí³Ý³Ï³Ý ·Ýáí. feel a bit under ~ ÷Ëμ. ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, å³ñ³Ù»ïñ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ list å³-
Çñ»Ý í³ï ½·³É: ñ³Ù»ïñ»ñÇ óáõó³Ï. ~ mismatch å³ñ³-
parable [΄pærəbl] n ³é³Ï, ³Ûɳμ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: Ù»ïñ»ñÇ ³Ýѳٳå³ï³ë˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~
parachute [΄pærə∫u:t] 1. n å³ñ³ßÛáõï. ~ passing by reference/by value ÑÕáõÙáí/ ³ñ-
landing å³ñ³ßÛáõï³ÛÇÝ ¹»ë³Ýï. ~ jumper Å»ùáí ÷á˳ÝóíáÕ å³ñ³Ù»ïñ:
å³ñ³ßÛáõïÇëï. 2. v å³ñ³ßÛáõïáí ÇçÝ»É / paramount [΄pærəmaunt] a ³é³çݳϳñ·,
Çç»óÝ»É: ϳñ¨áñ³·áõÛÝ. of ~ importance ³é³çݳ-
parade [pə΄reid] n ½áñ³Ñ³Ý¹»ë, óáõÛó, óáõ- ϳñ· ϳñ¨áñáõÃÛ³Ý:
ó³¹ñáõÙ. »ñÃ, ßù»ñÃ. ~ ground í³ñųÑñ³- paramour [΄pærəmuə] n ëÇñáõÑÇ, ëÇñ»Ï³Ý:
å³ñ³Ï. make a ~ of óáõó³¹ñ»É, Ç óáõÛó parapet [΄pærəpit] n ó³ÍñÇÏ »½ñ³å³ï.
ѳݻÉ. a mannequin ~ Ýáñ³Ó¨áõÃÛ³Ý óáõ- ׳ճ߳ñ. é½Ù. ÑáÕ³å³ïÝ»ß:
ó³¹ñáõÙ: paraphernalia [‚pærəfə΄neiliə] n Çñ»ñ:
parade [pə΄reid] v é½Ù. »ñóù³ÛÉ»É, ß³ñùáí paraphrase [΄pærəfreiz] n í»ñ³å³ïÙáõÙ,
·Ý³É. Ç óáõÛó ¹Ý»É. ~ one’s learning ·Çï»ÉÇù- ÷á˳¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
Ý»ñáí å³ñͻݳÉ: parasite [΄pærəsait] n ٳϳμáõÛÍ, å³ñ³-
paradigm [΄pærədaim] n ÝÙáõß, ûñÇݳÏ. ½Çï. ÷Ëμ. Óñdzϻñ, åáñï³μáõÛÍ:
ù»ñ. ѳñ³óáõÛó: parasitic [‚pærə΄sitik] a ٳϳμáõͳϳÝ,
paradise [΄pærədais] n ¹ñ³Ëï, ³ñù³Ûáõ- åáñï³μáõͳϳÝ:
ÃÛáõÝ. a fool’s ~ ³ÝÇñ³Ï³Ý ³ß˳ñÑ. parasitism [΄pærəsaitiz(ə)m] n ٳϳμáõÍáõ-
óïñ. í»ñݳëñ³Ñ (·³ÉÛáñϳ): ÃÛáõÝ, åáñï³μáõÍáõÃÛáõÝ:
parasol 593 parlance

parasol [΄pærəsɒl] n Ñáí³Ýáó: parental [pə΄rentl] a ÍÝáճϳÝ. ѳÛñ³-


parataxis [‚pærə΄tæksis] n ù»ñ. ³Ýß³Õϳå ϳÝ/Ù³Ûñ³Ï³Ý (½·³óÙáõÝù). ~ Ñûme ѳÛ-
ÙdzóáõÙ: ñ³Ï³Ý ïáõÝ:
parathyroid [‚pærə΄θairɔid] n μÅßÏ. í³Ñ³- parenthesis [pə΄renθəsis] n ÏÉáñ ÷³Ï³-
ݳ·»ÕÓ, í³Ñ³Ý³Ó¨ ·»ÕÓ: ·Í»ñ. ù»ñ. ÙÇç³ÝÏÛ³É μ³é/ݳ˳¹³ëáõ-
paratrooper [΄pærətru:pə] n å³ñ³ßÛáõ- ÃÛáõÝ. in ~ ÷³Ï³·ÍáõÙ, ÷³Ï³·Í»ñÇ Ù»ç:
ïÇëï-¹»ë³Ýï³íáñ: parenthetic [‚pærən΄θetik] a ÙÇç³ÝÏÛ³É,
paratroops [΄pærətru:ps] n å³ñ³ßÛáõï³- ÷³Ï³·Í»ñÇ Ù»ç ³éÝí³Í. ÷Ëμ. Ç ÙÇçÇ
íáñ ½áñ³Ù³ë»ñ: ³ÛÉáó/ѳñ¨³ÝóÇáñ»Ý ³ëí³Í:
parcel [΄pa:sl] 1. n ÷³Ã»Ã, ϳåáó. ͳÝñáó. parenthood [΄peərənthud] n ѳÛñáõÃÛáõÝ,
make a ~ ÷³Ã»Ã³íáñ»É. send/deliver a ~ Ù³ÛñáõÃÛáõÝ. ÍÝáÕ ÉÇÝ»ÉÁ:
ͳÝñáó áõÕ³ñÏ»É/ѳÝÓÝ»É. 2. v Ù³ë»ñÇ par excellence [pa:΄eksəla:ns] adv ³é³-
μ³Å³Ý»É. ~ smth up ÷³Ã³Ã»É, ÷³Ã»Ã³- í»É³å»ë, ·É˳íáñ³å»ë:
íáñ»É: parings [΄peəriŋz] n Ùݳóáñ¹Ý»ñ, ÏÉ»åÝ»ñ,
parch [pa:t∫] v ãáñ³óÝ»É, ó³Ù³ù»óÝ»É. ãá- Ïïáñï³ÝùÝ»ñ:
ñ³Ý³É, ó³Ù³ù»É. ˳ÝÓ»É, í³é»É: parish [΄pæri∫]1. n »Ï»Õ»ó³Ï³Ý ÍáõË. civil~
parched [pa:t∫t] a ˳ÝÓí³Í, ³Ûñí³Í, ãá- ßñç³Ý, ûÏñáõ·. 2. a Í˳ϳÝ. ~ school Í˳-
ñ³ó³Í, ó³Ù³ù³Í. My throat is ~ ÎáÏáñ¹ë Ï³Ý ¹åñáó. go on the ~ ãù³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý
ãáñ³ó»É ¿. I’m ~ ̳ñ³íÇó Ù»éÝáõÙ »Ù. The Ýå³ëï ëï³Ý³É:
ground is ~ ¶»ïÇÝÁ ë³ëïÇÏ ãáñ³ó»É ¿: parishioner [pə΄ri∫nə] n Í˳ϳÝ, ÍËÇ ³Ý-
parching [΄pa:t∫iŋ] a ³ÛñáÕ, ÏǽÇã, ïáãá- ¹³Ù:
ñáÕ: Parisian [pə΄riziən] n ÷³ñǽ»óÇ, ÷³ñǽáõ-
parchment [΄pa:t∫mənt] n Ù³·³Õ³Ã. Ù³- ÑÇ. ÷³ñǽ۳Ý:
·³Õ³Ã³ÝÙ³Ý ÃáõÕÃ: parity [΄pærəti] n ѳí³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳٳ-
pardon [΄pa:dn] n Ý»ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ÃáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. å³ï³ë˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ïÝï., ýÇÝ. ѳٳñ-
Çñ³í. Ý»ñáõÙ, Ý»ñáõÙ ßÝáñÑ»ÉÁ. general ~ Å»ùáõÃÛáõÝ, å³ñÇï»ï. ~ of votes ùí»Ý»ñÇ
ÁݹѳÝáõñ Ý»ñáõÙ/³ÙÝÇëïdz. grant smb a ѳí³ë³ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
~ Ý»ñáõÙ ßÝáñÑ»É. I beg your ~ Ü»ñ»ó»ù, park [pa:k] n ½μáë³Û·Ç, åáõñ³Ï, å³ñ﻽.
Ü»ñáÕ »Õ»ù. P~ ! ÎÝ»ñ»ù, ãÉë»óÇ: national/game ~ ³ñ·»É³Ýï³é, ³ñ·»É³-
pardon [΄pa:dn] v Ý»ñ»É. Çñ³í. Ý»ñáõÙ í³Ûñ. (ϳ۳Ý) car ~ ³íïáϳ۳Ý:
ßÝáñÑ»É. ~ smb for smth ÙÇ μ³ÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ Ý»- park [pa:k] v ½μáë³Û·Ç ·ó»É. ~ a car Ù»ù»-
ñ»É: Ý³Ý Ï³Û³Ý»É. No ~ ! γ۳ݻÉÝ ³ñ·»ÉíáõÙ
pardonable [΄pa:dnəbl] a Ý»ñ»ÉÇ: ¿. ~ yourself in the room ËëÏó. êå³ë»ù ë»Ý-
pare [peə] v Ù³ùñ»É. ~ potatoes ϳñïáýÇÉ Û³ÏáõÙ. ËëÏó. ÃáÕÝ»É Where can I ~ my case.
ÏÉå»É. ~ one’s nails/hair »ÕáõÝ·Ý»ñÁ/Ù³½»ñÁ àñï»±Õ Ï³ñáÕ »Ù ׳ÙåñáõÏë ÃáÕÝ»É:
Ïïñ»É. ~ an apple ËÝÓáñÁ ϻը»É/Ï×å»É. ~ parking [΄pa:kiŋ] n ϳ۳ݻÉÁ, ϳ۳ÝáõÙ. ~
down Ïñ׳ï»É. Expenses have been ~d down lights ϳ۳ݳí³ÛñÇ ÉáõÛë»ñ. ~ metre ϳ-
÷Ëμ. ̳Ëë»ñÁ Ïñ׳ïí»óÇÝ: ۳ݻÉáõ ųٳݳϳѳßíÇã. ~ ticket ϳ۳-
parent [΄peərənt] n ÍÝáÕ. ~s ÍÝáÕÝ»ñ. one ~ Ý»Éáõ ϳÝáÝÝ»ñÇ Ë³ËïÙ³Ý ïáõÛÅ. No ~ !
family ÙÇ ÍÝáÕ³ÝÇ ÁÝï³ÝÇù/»ñ»Ë³. ~s-in- γ۳ݻÉÝ ³ñ·»Éí³Í ¿:
law ³ÙáõëÝáõ/ÏÝáç ÍÝáÕÝ»ñÁ. ~ company parkland [΄pa:klænd] n ³Ýï³é³ï³÷³ë-
ÑÇÙݳ¹Çñ/Ù³Ûñ ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ language ï³Ý³ÛÇÝ ßñç³Ý:
ݳ˳ɻ½áõ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~- child relation ‘ÍÝáÕ- parkway [΄pa:kwei] n ͳéáõÕÇ:
Ñ»ïÝáñ¹’ ïÇåÇ Ñ³ñ³μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ node parky [΄pa:ki] a ËëÏó. ½áí, Ñáí. It’s a bit ~
·³·³Ã-ÍÝáÕ (ÍÝáÕ³Ï³Ý ·³·³Ã). ~ of a today ²Ûëûñ ÙÇ ùÇã ½áí ¿:
class ¹³ë, áñÇó ѳïÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ »Ý ų- parlance [΄pa:ləns] n Ëáë»Éáõ/³ñï³Ñ³Ûï-
é³Ý·íáõÙ: í»Éáõ á×/»Õ³Ý³Ï. in common ~ å³ñ½/ѳ-
parentage [΄peərəntidз] n ͳ·áõÙ, ³½·³Ï- ë³ñ³Ï É»½íáí. in legal ~ Çñ³í³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý
óáõÃÛáõÝ. ³½·³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ·ÇÍ: É»½íáí:
parlay I 594 partake

parlay [΄pa:li] n, v ·ñ³½. ·ñ³½ ·³É/μéÝ»É: parsing [΄pa:ziŋ] n É»½í. ù»ñ³Ï³Ý³Ï³Ý


parley [΄pa:li] n ѳݹÇåáõÙ, ÏáÝý»ñ³Ýë, í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛáõÝ:
μ³Ý³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ (é½Ù.) beat/sound a ~ parsley [΄pa:sli] n μëμ. ϳñáë, Ù³Õ³¹³Ýáë:
μ³Ý³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ í³ñ»Éáõ ³½¹³Ýß³Ý parsnip [΄pa:snip] n μëμ. í³ÛñÇ ·³½³ñ,
ï³É: ëï»åÕÇÝ:
parliament [΄pa:ləmənt] n å³éɳٻÝï, parson [΄pa:sn] n ËëÏó. ù³Ñ³Ý³, å³ëïáñ:
ËáñÑñ¹³ñ³Ý: parsonage [΄pa:sənidз] n ù³Ñ³Ý³ÛÇ ïáõÝ
parliamentarian [‚pa:ləmen΄teəriən] n /μݳϳí³Ûñ:
å³éɳٻÝïÇ ³Ý¹³Ù/·áñÍÇã. å³éɳٻÝ- part [pa:t] n Ù³ë. equal/great/small/best/worst ~
ï³Ï³Ý: ѳí³ë³ñ/Ù»Í/÷áùñ/É³í³·áõÛÝ/³Ù» ݳ -
parliamentary [‚pa:lə΄mentəri] a å³é- í³ï Ù³ëÁ. an integral ~ ³Ýμ³Å³Ý»ÉÇ Ù³ë.
ɳٻÝï³Ï³Ý. ѳñ·³ÉÇó, ù³Õ³ù³í³ñÇ: a novel in six ~s í»ó Ù³ëÇó μ³Õϳó³Í í»å.
parlo(u)r [΄pa:lə] n ÑÛáõñ³ë»ÝÛ³Ï, ѳݷÁë- ~ and parcel ³Ýμ³Å³Ý Ù³ëÁ. in ~ Ù³ë³Ùμ.
ïÇ ë»ÝÛ³Ï. ~ games ë»Ý۳ϳÛÇÝ Ë³Õ»ñ. ~ for the most ~ Ù»Í Ù³ë³Ùμ. ~s of speech ù»ñ.
maid ëå³ëáõÑÇ: ËáëùÇ Ù³ë»ñ. principal ~s of the ÑÇÙݳϳÝ
parochial [pə΄rəukiəl] a Í˳ϳÝ. ÷Ëμ. Ù³ë»ñÁ/Ó¨»ñÁ. early/latter ~ of the week ß³-
ï»Õ³Ï³Ý, Ý»Õ. ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï: μ³Ãí³ ëϽμáõÙ/í»ñçáõÙ. spare ~s ï»Ë.
parody [΄pærədi] n ͳÕñ³ÝÙ³ÝáõÙ. ~ of jus- å³Ñ»ëï³Ù³ë»ñ. (μ³ÅÇÝ, Ù³ëݳÏóáõ-
tice ³ñ¹³ñ³¹³ïáõÃÛ³Ý Í³Õñ: ÃÛáõÝ) have/take ~ in Ù³ëݳÏó»É. have no ~
parole [pə΄rəul] n ³½ÝÇí Ëáëù, ѳݹÇë³- Ù³ëݳÏóáõÃÛáõÝ/Ù³ë ãáõݻݳÉ. (ÏáÕÙ) take
íáñ ËáëïáõÙ. release on ~ ³½ÝÇí Ëáëùáí smb’s ~, take the ~ of Ù»ÏÇ ÏáÕÙÁ å³Ñ»É. for
³½³ï ³ñӳϻÉ. on ~ í³Õ³Ï»ï ³½³ï- my ~ ÇÝã í»ñ³μ»ñáõÙ ¿ ÇÝÓ. take ~ with Ù»ÏÇ
í³Í: ϳñÍÇùÁ å³ßïå³Ý»É. take smth in good ~
parolee [‚pærə΄li:] n ³½ÝÇí Ëáëùáí/ í³Õ³- ɳí ÁݹáõÝ»É. óïñ. ¹»ñ act/play a ~ ¹»ñ
Ï»ï ³½³ï ³ñÓ³Ïí³Í Ù³ñ¹: ϳï³ñ»É. look the ~ ¹»ñÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ë-
paroxysm [΄pærəksiz(ə)m] n ѳÝϳñͳ- ˳ݻÉ. just play a ~ ÷Ëμ. å³ñ½³å»ë Ó»-
Ï³Ý Ýáå³, å³ñáùëǽÙ: í³Ý³É. the violin ~ »ñÅß. çáõóÏÇ Ù³ëÁ/
parquet [΄pa:kei] n, a Ù³Ýñ³ï³Ëï³Ï, å³ñïdzÝ. (ï»Õ³Ýù, »ñÏÇñ.) in these ~s
å³ñÏ»ï. å³ñÏ»ïÇ, å³ñÏ»ï³ÛÇÝ: ³Ûë í³Ûñ»ñáõÙ. Are you from these ~s? ¸áõù
parquetry [΄pa:kitri] n ï³Ëï³Ï» ë³ÉÇÏ, ï»Õ³óDZ »ù/³Ûëï»ÕDZó »ù. all ~s of the
÷³Ûï³ë³ÉÇÏ. å³ñϻﳹñí³·: country »ñÏñÇ μáÉáñ Ù³ë»ñÁ. in foreign ~s
parricide [΄pærisaid] n ѳÛñ³ëå³Ý, ѳÛ- ûï³ñ »ñÏñÝ»ñáõÙ:
ñ³ëå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: part [pa:t] adv Ù³ë³Ùμ. ~ brick ~ wood
parrot [΄pærət] n ÃáõóÏ. repeat (in) ~ fashion Ù³ë³Ùμ ³ÕÛáõë, Ù³ë³Ùμ ÷³Ûï. He’s ~ poet
ÃáõóÏÇ ÝÙ³Ý ÏñÏݻɣ ~ philosopher ܳ ÙÇ ùÇã åá»ï ¿, ÙÇ ùÇã
parrotry [΄pærətri] n ÃáõóÏáõÃÛáõÝ, áõñÇßÇ ÷ÇÉÇëá÷³. ~ payment Ù³ëݳÏÇ í׳ñáõÙ:
Ëáëù»ñÁ ³ÝÇÙ³ëï Ï»ñåáí ÏñÏÝ»ÉÁ: part [pa:t] v μ³Å³Ý(í)»É, ³Ýç³ï(í)»É. We
parry [΄pæri] n Ñ»ïÙÕáõÙ, ˳÷³ÝáõÙ, ϳ- ~ed at the station Ø»Ýù μ³Å³Ýí»óÇÝù ϳ۳-
ë»óáõÙ: ñ³ÝáõÙ. The war ~ed them ä³ï»ñ³½ÙÝ ³Ý-
parry [΄pæri] v Ñ»ï ÙÕ»É, ϳë»óÝ»É. ~ a ç³ï»ó Ýñ³Ýó ÙÇÙÛ³ÝóÇó. ~ the fighters
blow/a question ÷Ëμ. ѳñí³ÍÁ ϳë»óÝ»É. ÏéíáÕÝ»ñÇÝ μ³Å³Ý»É ÙÇÙÛ³ÝóÇó. ~ one’s
ѳñó»ñÁ ˳÷³Ý»É/óñ»É: hair Ù³½»ñÁ μ³Å³Ý»É, Ñ»ñ³μ³Å³Ý ³Ý»É.
parse [pa:z] v ù»ñ. í»ñÉáõÍ»É, í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛáõÝ ~ company with smb μ³Å³Ýí»É Ù»ÏÇó.They
ϳï³ñ»É. ~ a sentence ݳ˳¹³ëáõÃÛáõÝ ~ed the best of friends Üñ³Ýù μ³Å³Ýí»óÇÝ
í»ñÉáõͻɣ: áñå»ë É³í³·áõÛÝ ÁÝÏ»ñÝ»ñ. The roads ~
parsimonious [‚pa:si΄məuniəs] a ËݳÛáÕ, here Ö³Ù÷³μ³Å³ÝÝ ³Ûëï»Õ ¿. The curtain
ïÝï»ëáÕ, Åɳï: ~ed ì³ñ³·áõÛñÁ μ³óí»ó:
parsimony [΄pa:siməni] n ËݳÛáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, partake [pa:΄teik] v Ù³ëݳÏó»É. ËëÏó.
ïÝï»ëáõÙ. ÅɳïáõÃÛáõÝ: ׳߳ϻÉ, áõï»É, û·ïí»É:
partaker 595 partnerhsip

partaker [pa:΄teikə] n Ù³ëݳÏÇó: ëÝáõݹÇ/ÁÝÏ»ñÝ»ñÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ. be most ~


parted [΄pa:tid] a μ³Å³Ýí³Í, ³Ýç³ïí³Í: about one’s appearance Ù»Í áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ
parterre [pa:΄teə] n óïñ. å³ñï»ñ. ³Ù. ¹³ñÓÝ»É Çñ ³ñï³ùÇÝÇÝ/ѳ·áõëïÇÝ:
ͳÕϳÝáó: particularism [pə΄tikjuləriz(ə)m] n ѳïáõÏ
partial [΄pa:∫əl] a Ù³ëݳÏÇ, áã ÉñÇí, Ù³ë- ÝíÇñí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ÝÓÝíÇñáõÃÛáõÝ:
ݳíáñ. ~ success Ù³ëݳÏÇ Ñ³çáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. particularity [pə‚tikju΄lærəti] n ³é³ÝÓݳ-
(áã ³Ýï³ñμ»ñ) be ~ ³Ýï³ñμ»ñ ãÉÇÝ»É. He’s ѳïÏáõÃÛáõÝ. Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝáõÃÛáõÝ. Ù»Í
~ to blonds ܳ ³Ýï³ñμ»ñ ã¿ ßÇϳѻñÝ»ñÇ ½·áõßáõÃÛáõÝ. ×ß·ñïáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ. I’m ~ to grapes ºë ³Ýï³ñμ»ñ particularize [pə΄tikjuləraiz] v Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ë-
ã»Ù ˳ÕáÕÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ differen- Ý»ñÇ Ù»ç ÁÝÏÝ»É:
tial equation Ù³ëݳÏÇ ¹Çý»ñ»ÝóÇ³É Ñ³í³- particularly [pə΄tikjuləli] adv ËÇëï, ß³ï,
ë³ñáõÙ. ~ matching Ù³ëݳÏÇ Ñ³Ù³å³- ѳïϳå»ë, ³é³ÝÓݳå»ë, ~ the youngest
ï³ë˳ݻóáõÙ. ~ path ѳñ³μ»ñ³Ï³Ý ѳïϳå»ë ³Ù»Ý³÷áùñ»ñÁ. She ~ said ܳ
׳ݳå³ñÑ. ~ name μ³Õ³¹ñÛ³É ³ÝáõÝ. ~ ѳïϳå»ë ³ë³ó/åݹ»ó:
sum Ù³ëݳÏÇ ·áõÙ³ñ: parting [΄pa:tiŋ]1. n μ³Å³ÝáõÙ, ³Ýç³ïáõÙ,
partiality [‚pa:∫i΄æləti] n ÏáÕÙݳå³Ñáõ- Ù»ÏÝáõÙ. Ññ³Å»ßï. ×ÛáõÕ³íáñáõÙ. at the ~
ÃÛáõÝ, ³ã³éáõÃÛáõÝ£ of the ways ׳Ù÷³μ³ÅÝÇÝ. a ~ gift Ññ³Å»ß-
partially [΄pa:∫li] adv Ù³ë³Ùμ: ïÇ Ýí»ñ. ~ μ³ÅáõÏ (Ù³½»ñÇ). central ~ áõ-
participant [pa:΄tisipənt] n Ù³ëݳÏÇó, ÕÇÕ μ³ÅáõÏ. side ~ ûù μ³ÅáõÏ. 2. a Ññ³-
Ù³ëݳÏóáÕ: Å»ßïÇ, μ³Å³ÝáÕ, ×ÛáõÕ³íáñíáÕ:
participate [pa:΄tisipeit] v Ù³ëݳÏó»É: partisan [‚pa:ti΄zæn] n, a ÏáÕÙݳÏÇó, ѳ-
participation [pa:‚tisi΄pei∫n] n Ù³ëݳÏóáõ- Ù³ËáÑ. é½Ù. å³ñïǽ³Ý. å³ñïǽ³Ý³-
ÃÛáõÝ: ϳÝ:
participator [pa:΄tisipeitə] n Ù³ëݳÏÇó: partition [pa:΄ti∫n] n ÙÇçݳå³ï, ÙÇçÝáñÙ.
participial [‚pa:ti΄sipiəl] a ù»ñ. ¹»ñμ³- μ³Å³ÝÙáõÝù, ³ãù (ë»Õ³ÝÇ, å³Ñ³ñ³ÝÇ ¨
۳ϳÝ: ³ÛÉÝ). Ù³ëݳïáõÙ:
participle [΄pa:tisipl] n ù»ñ. ¹»ñμ³Û. pres- partition [pa:΄ti∫n] v μ³Å³Ý»É, Ù³ëݳï»É
ent/past ~ Ý»ñϳ/³ÝóÛ³É ¹»ñμ³Û: ³é³ÝÓݳóÝ»É. ~ off ÙÇçÝáñÙáí ³Ýç³ï»É.
particle [΄pa:tikl] n ýǽ., ù»ñ., Ù³ëÝÇÏ, ~ off a corner of a room ³ÝÏÛáõÝÁ ÙÇçÝáñÙáí
ÑÛáõÉ». a ~ of dust ÷áßáõ ÑÛáõÉ»: ³Ýç³ï»É:
particoloured [‚pa:ti΄kΛləd] a ˳Ûï³- partitive [΄pa:tətiv] n Ù³ëÝ³Ï³Ý μ³é (ûñ.
μÕ»ï, μ³½Ù³·áõÛÝ: some, few, any). ~ genitive Ù³ëÝ³Ï³Ý ë»é³-
particular [pə΄tikjulə] n Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝáõ- ϳÝ:
ÃÛáõÝ. in ~ ٳݳíáñ³å»ë, ѳïϳå»ë. ~s partly [΄pa:tli] adv Ù³ë³Ùμ, áñáß ã³÷áí. ~
of the case ·áñÍÇ Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ»ñÁ. go into destroyed Ù³ë³Ùμ ù³Ý¹í³Í/íݳëí³Í. a ~
~s Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ»ñÇ Ù»ç ÙïÝ»É. give all the opened door ÏÇë³μ³ó ¹áõé. ~ angry áñáß
~s Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ Ñ³ßí»ïíáõÃÛáõÝ Ý»ñϳ- ã³÷áí ½³Ûñ³ó³Í:
Û³óÝ»É/μáÉáñ Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ»ñÁ. remember partner [΄pa:tnə] n Ù³ëݳÏÇó. ·áñÍÁÝÏ»ñ.
in ~ ѳïϳå»ë ÑÇß»É: μ³ÅÝ»ï»ñ. senior ~ ýÇñÙ³ÛÇ ³í³· ·áñÍ-
particular [pə΄tikjulə] a ѳïáõÏ, ³é³ÝÓÇÝ, ÁÝÏ»ñÁ/·É˳íáñÁ. dancing ~ å³ñÁÝÏ»ñ.
³é³ÝÓݳѳïáõÏ. Ûáõñ³Ñ³ïáõÏ. ~ cases Ùñ½., ÃÕÃË. ˳ÕÁÝÏ»ñ, ˳ճÏÇó, Ù³ñ½-
ѳïáõÏ ¹»åù»ñ. in this ~ case ïíÛ³É ¹»å- ÁÝÏ»ñ. marriage ~s ³ÙáõëÇÝÝ»ñ. ½áõ·ÁÝÏ»ñ.
ùáõÙ. I need that ~ article ÆÝÓ Ñ»Ýó ³Û¹ Ñá¹- ~s in crime ѳÝó³·áñÍáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëݳÏÇó-
í³ÍÝ ¿ å»ïù. with ~ interest ³é³ÝÓݳÏÇ Ý»ñ:
Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛ³Ùμ. with no ~ reason ³é³Ýó partner [΄pa:tnə] v ÁÝÏ»ñ³Ïó»É, ·áñÍÁÝÏ»ñ
áñ¨¿ ѳïáõÏ å³ï׳éÇ. Nothing ~ hap- ÉÇÝ»É/¹³éݳÉ. He ~ed her îÕ³Ý Ýñ³ ÁÝ-
pened àã ÙÇ ³é³ÝÓÇÝ μ³Ý ã¿ñ å³ï³Ñ»É. Ï»ñ³ÏÇóÝ ¿ñ:
(μͳËݹÇñ, å³Ñ³ÝçÏáï) be ~ about one’s partnerhsip [΄pa:tnə∫ip] n Ù³ëݳÏóáõ-
food/company ܳ ß³ï μͳËݹÇñ ¿ Çñ ÃÛáõÝ, ÁÝÏ»ñ³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ. ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ,
part owner 596 pass

μ³ÅÝ»ïÇñáõÃÛáõÝ. go into ~ μ³ÅÝ»ï»ñ without speaking ܳ ³ÝËáë ³Ýó³í. ~ the


¹³éݳÉ. be in ~ μ³ÅÝ»ï»ñ ÉÇÝ»É. offer a ~ building ß»ÝùÇ Ùáïáí/ ÏáÕùáí ³ÝóÝ»É. I just
μ³ÅÝ»ïÇñáõÃÛáõÝ ³é³ç³ñÏ»É: ~ed her лÝó Ýáñ Ýñ³Ý ѳݹÇå»óÇ. ~ a car
part owner [΄pa:t‚əunə] n ѳٳï»ñ, í³½³Ýó ³Ý»É. ~ one’s hand over the surface
ïÇñ³ÏÇó: Ó»éùÁ ٳϻñ»ëÇ íñ³Ûáí ë³Ñ»óÝ»É. ~ a rope
part payment [΄pa:t‚peimənt] n in ~ í׳ñ- round the parcel ÷³Ã»ÃÁ å³ñ³Ýáí ϳåÏÁ-
Ù³Ý/í׳ñÇ Ñ³ßíÇÝ: å»É. (ѳÝÓÝ»É) ~ an exam ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ Ñ³ÝÓ-
partridge [΄pa:tridз] n ϳù³í: Ý»É. ~ a letter Ý³Ù³Ï Ñ³ÝÓÝ»É. (ųٳݳÏ
parttime [‚pa:t΄taim] n áã ÉñÇí/ ųٳݳ- ³ÝóϳóÝ»É) ~ the time playing cards ųٳ-
ϳíáñ. ~ work áã ÉñÇí ³ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ ûñ, ݳÏÁ ÃÕó˳Õáí ³ÝóϳóÝ»É. Where did
Ï»ë ¹ñáõÛù. ~ teachers Ï»ë ¹ñáõÛùáí ³ß˳- you ~ the summer? àñï»±Õ »ù ³Ù³éÝ ³Ýó-
ïáÕ ¹³ë³ïáõÝ»ñ: ϳóñ»É. (μéÝ»É, ¹ÇٳݳÉ) ~ one’s medical
party [΄pa:ti] n Ïáõë³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ. join a ~ μÅßÏ³Ï³Ý ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ ³ÝóÝ»É. ~ an exam
Ïáõë³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÙïÝ»É, ³Ý¹³Ù³·ñí»É. ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ μéÝ»É. The film ~ed the censors
a member of a ~ Ïáõë³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ³Ý¹³Ù üÇÉÙÝ ³Ýó³í ·ñ³ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ. He didn’t ~
Çñ³í. ÏáÕÙ. injured ~ íݳë Ïñ³Í/ïáõÅ³Í in geography ²ß˳ñѳ·ñáõÃÛ³Ý ùÝÝáõÃÛáõ-
ÏáÕÙ. interested ~ ߳ѳ·ñ·Çé ÏáÕÙ. oppo- ÝÁ ãμéÝ»ó. (ѳí³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ëï³Ý³É, Áݹáõ-
site/opposing ~ Áݹ¹ÇÙ³¹Çñ/ѳϳé³Ï Ý»É) ~ a bill/a law/a resolution ûñ»Ýù/μ³Ý³Ó¨
ÏáÕÙ. the parties in a dispute í»×Ç ÏáÕÙ»ñÁ. ÁݹáõÝ»É. (ѳÛï³ñ³ñ»É, ³Ý»É) ~ a remark
be a ~ to Ù³ëݳÏÇó ÉÇÝ»É. (ËáõÙμ, çáϳï) ¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É. ~ an opinion ϳñÍÇùÁ
a ~ of geologists/tourists »ñÏñ³μ³ÝÝ»- ѳÛïÝ»É. ~ a sentence ¹³ï³í×ÇéÁ ϳ-
ñÇ/½μáë³ßñçÇÏÝ»ñÇ ËáõÙμ. a rescue ~ Û³óÝ»É. (·»ñ³½³Ýó»É, ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ ³ÝóÝ»É) It
÷ñϳñ³ñÝ»ñÇ çáϳï. A small ~ had gath- ~es belief ²Ýѳí³Ý³Ï³Ý ¿, ²Ýѳí³ï³ÉÇ
ered ØÇ ÷áùñ ËáõÙμ ¿ñ ѳí³ùí»É. ¿. It ~es my comprehension ¸³ Ç٠ѳëϳ-
give/throw a ~ »ñ»Ïá ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñå»É. a dinner óáÕáõÃÛáõÝÇó í»ñ ¿. (·Ý³É, ³ÝóÝ»É) The road
~ ׳ßÏ»ñáõÛÃ. dancing ~ å³ñÇ »ñ»Ïá. ~es near the river ֳݳå³ñÑÝ ³ÝóÝáõÙ ¿
farewell ~ Ññ³Å»ßïÇ »ñ»Ïá. a children’s ~ ·»ïÇ ÏáÕùáí. Letters ~ed between them
Ù³ÝÏ³Ï³Ý ó»ñ»ÏáõÛÃ. a birthday ~ ÍÝÝ¹Û³Ý Üñ³Ýù ݳٳÏÝ»ñ ÷á˳ݳϻóÇÝ. We can’t
ïáݳϳï³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. housewarming ~ μݳ- let that ~ Ø»Ýù ã»Ýù ϳñáÕ ÃáõÛÉ ï³É, áñ ¹³
ϳñ³Ý³ÙáõïÇ ËÝçáõÛù. fancy dress ~ ³ÝóÝÇ. Two months ~ed ²Ýó³í »ñÏáõ ³ÙÇë.
¹Çٳϳѳݹ»ë. a ~ frock ïáÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³- ~ down ÷á˳Ýó»É. The tradition is ~ed
·áõëï. stout ~ ËëÏó., ÏïÏ. ·»ñ/ã³ÕÉÇÏ down ²í³Ý¹áõÛÃÁ ÷á˳ÝóíáõÙ ¿. ~ away
ïÇÏÇÝ/³ÝÓݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ: í³Ë׳Ýí»É, ³ÝѳÛï³Ý³É. ~ for ѳ-
party [΄pa:ti] a Ïáõë³Ïó³Ï³Ý. ~ spirit Ù³ñí»É. He can easily ~ for a French Üñ³Ý
Ïáõë³Ïó³Ï³Ý á·Ç. ~ line Ïáõë³Ïó³Ï³Ý ß³ï Ñ»ßïáõÃÛ³Ùμ ϳñ»ÉÇ ¿ ýñ³Ýëdzóáõ
·ÇÍ/áõÕÕí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ: ï»Õ ¹Ý»É/ѳٳñí»É. what ~es for art today
pass [pa:s] n ³Ýó³ÃáõÕÃ, ³Ýó³·Çñ. a free ~ ³ÛÝ, ÇÝã ³Ûëûñ ³ñí»ëï ¿ ѳٳñíáõÙ. ~ off
»ñÏÃ. ¨ ³ÛÉÝ. ÓñÇ ïáÙë. show all ~es ³Ýó³- Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É, Ý»ñϳ۳ݳÉ. ~ it off as a joke
ÃáõÕà ݻñϳ۳óÝ»É. (¹ñ³Ï³Ý ·Ý³Ñ³ï³- áñå»ë ϳï³Ï Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É. ~ on ³é³ç
ϳÝ) get a ~ in English ³Ý·É»ñ»ÝÁ ѳÝÓÝ»É. ³ÝóÝ»É. ~ on to the next subject ѳçáñ¹ ѳñ-
~ mark ³ÝóáõÙ³ÛÇÝ ÝÇß. »ñÏñμ. ÏÇñ×, É»éÝ- óÇÝ/ûٳÛÇÝ ³ÝóÝ»É. ~ out ѳçáÕ ³í³ñ-
³Ýóù a ~ through/over the Alps ³ÝóáõÙ ï»É. He ~ed out of the college ܳ ѳçáÕ
²Éå»ñÇ É»éݳÝóùáí/íñ³Ûáí. Things have ³í³ñï»ó ùáÉ»çÁ. ~ over ãÝϳï»É, áõß³¹-
come to a pretty ~ ¶áñÍ»ñÁ í³ï ÁÝóóù »Ý ñáõÃÛáõÝ ã¹³ñÓÝ»É. ~ over the events Çñ³-
ëï³ó»É (ͳÛñ³Ñ»Õ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÇÝ »Ý ѳë»É). ¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ã¹³ñÓ-
make a ~ ËëÏó. ëÇñ³Ñ»ï»É. Tom made a ~ at Ý»É. ~ through ³ÝóÝ»É, Ïñ»É. ~ through the dif-
her ÂáÙÁ Ýñ³Ý ëÇñ³Ñ»ïáõÙ ¿ñ. ÃÕÃÕ. ÷³ë, ficulties ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÙÇçáí ³Ýó-
˳ÕÇó Ññ³Å³ñí»É. Ùñ½. ÷á˳ÝóáõÙ: Ý»É/Ïñ»É. ~ round (Ù»ÏÁ ÙÛáõëÇÝ) ÷á˳Ýó»É.
pass [pa:s] v ³ÝóÝ»É, ³ÝóϳóÝ»É. He ~ed ~ round the cake ÃËí³ÍùÁ Ù³ïáõó»É. ~
passable 597 pastor

round the hat ѳݷ³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É. bring passport [΄pa:spɔ:t] n ³ÝÓݳ·Çñ:


to ~ Çñ³·áñÍ»É, ϳï³ñ»É. come to ~ å³- password [΄pa:swə:d] n Ý߳ݳμ³é, å³Û-
ï³Ñ»É, ï»ÕÇ áõݻݳÉ: ٳݳμ³é, Ý߳ݳμ³Ý. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ authentifi-
passable [΄pa:səbl] a ³Ýó³Ý»ÉÇ. ï³Ý»ÉÇ, cation ͳÍϳ·ñÇ/Ý߳ݳμ³éÇ ëïáõ·áõÙ. ~
ѳݹáõñÅ»ÉÇ, μ³í³ñ³ñ. ~ roads ³Ýó³Ý»ÉÇ identification ͳÍϳμ³éÇ ÝáõÛݳóáõÙ. ~
׳ݳå³ñÑÝ»ñ. His article is ~ Üñ³ Ñá¹í³- propagation Ý߳ݳμ³éÇ ÷á˳ÝóáõÙ. ~ pro-
ÍÁ ï³Ý»ÉÇ ¿: tection å³ßïå³Ýí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ Áëï Ý߳ݳ-
passably [΄pa:səbli] adv μ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷/ μ³éÇ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý:
μ³í³Ï³Ý ɳí: past [pa:st] n ³ÝóÛ³É, ³Ýó³ÍÁ (ݳ¨ the ~).
passage [΄pæsidз] n ÃéÇãù. ݳí³ñÏáõÙ. have in the ~ ³ÝóÛ³ÉáõÙ. a thing of the ~ ³ÝóÛ³ÉÇ
a rough ~ ¹Åí³ñ/ͳÝñ ÃéÇãù ϳï³ñ»É. pay ·áñÍ, the shadowy ~ ëïí»ñáï ³ÝóÛ³ÉÁ.
one’s own ~ ÇÝùÁ í׳ñ»É ׳ݳå³ñѳ- ù»ñ. ³ÝóÛ³É Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÇ Ó¨Á:
ͳËëÁ. ~ of birds ÃéãáõÝÝ»ñÇ ãáõ. The bill
past [pa:st]1. a ³ÝóÛ³É, ³Ýó³Í, ³Ýó³Í-
had a ~ through parliament úñ»ÝùÁ ѳë-
·Ý³ó³Í. for some time ~ í»ñçÇÝ Å³Ù³-
ï³ïí»ó å³éɳٻÝïáõÙ. with the ~ of time
ݳÏÝ»ñë. ~ generation ³Ýó³Í ë»ñáõݹÁ. in
ųٳݳÏÝ ³ÝóÝ»Éáõ Ñ»ï Ù»Ïï»Õ. (μ³-
the ~ week ³Ýó³Í ß³μ³Ã. All that is ~ ²ÛÅÙ
ËáõÙ, ÁݹѳñáõÙ) have stormy ~s with Ù»ÏÇ
³Û¹ ³ÙμáÕçÝ ³ÝóÛ³É ¿. a ~ master of the
Ñ»ï ËÇëï Áݹѳñí»É. (ѳïí³Í) ~s in the
game ÷Ëμ. ³Ûë ˳ÕáõÙ Ýñ³Ý ѳí³ë³ñÁ
book ѳïí³ÍÝ»ñ ·ñùáõÙ:
ãϳñ. 2. adv Ùáïáí, ÏáÕùáí. The years have
passage-way [΄pæsidзwei] n ÙÇç³Ýóù, ³Ý- flown ~ î³ñÇÝ»ñÁ Ãé³Ý/³Ýó³Ý£
óáõÕÇ:
pass-book [΄pa:sbuk] n μ³ÝϳÛÇÝ Ñ³ßí»- past [pa:st] prep ³Ýó, ³í»ÉÇ. That’s ~ belief
¸³ ³Ýѳí³Ý³Ï³Ý ¿. He is ~ sixty ܳ 60-Ý
·ñùáõÛÏ:
³Ýó ¿. He’s ~ his best Üñ³ ɳí ųٳݳÏ-
passenger [΄pæsindзə] n áõÕ¨áñ. ~ trains
Ý»ñÝ ³ñ¹»Ý ³Ýó»É »Ý. I’m ~ caring about it
Ù³ñ¹³ï³ñ ·Ý³óù:
¸³ ÇÝÓ ³Ûɨë ãÇ Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÙ. ~ the wit of
passer-by [‚pa:sə΄bai] n ³Ýóáñ¹:
passing [΄pa:siŋ] n in ~ ѳñ¨³ÝóÇ Ï»ñåáí, man Ù³ñ¹Ï³ÛÇÝ ÙïùÇó í»ñ. (ÏáÕùáí) walk
Ç ÙÇçÇ ³ÛÉáó: ~ ÏáÕùáí ³ÝóÝ»É. Buses go ~ here ²íïá-
passing [΄pa:siŋ] a ³ÝóÝáÕ, ³ÝóáÕÇÏ, ϳñ- μáõëÝ»ñÝ ³ÝóÝáõÙ »Ý ³Ûëï»Õáí. (ųٳ-
׳ï¨. í³Õ³ÝóÇÏ. a ~ car ³ÝóÝáÕ Ù»ù»Ý³. ݳÏ) at half ~ three ųÙÁ »ñ»ù ³Ýó Ï»ëÇÝ.
a ~ fancy ϳñ×³ï¨ ùٳѳ×áõÛù. a ~ glance well ~ midnight Ï»ë ·Çß»ñÇó ß³ï Ñ»ïá/
ÃéáõóÇÏ Ñ³Û³óù. a ~ remark ѳñ¨³ÝóÇ ³í»ÉÇ áõߣ
¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ: paste I [peist] n Ù³ÍáõÏ, ùëáõù, ëáëÇÝÓ. tooth
passingly [΄pa:siŋli] adv ѳñ¨³ÝóÇ Ï»ñ- ~ ³ï³ÙÇ Ù³ÍáõÏ. fish ~ ÓÏ³Ý å³ßï»ï:
åáí, ѳñ¨³ÝóÇáñ»Ý. Ç ÙÇçÇ ³ÛÉáó: paste II [peist] n ËÙáñ:
passion [΄pæ∫n] n μáõéÝ ½·³óÙáõÝù. ÏÇñù, paste [peist] v ëáëÝÓ»É, ÏåóÝ»É, ÷³ÏóÝ»É. ~
˳ݹ³í³éáõÃÛáõÝ. ³íÛáõÝ. speak with ~ together Çñ³ñ ÏåóÝ»É. ~ a notice on the wall
³íÛáõÝáí Ëáë»É. (ó³ëáõÙ, åááéÃÏáõÙ) fly å³ïÇÝ Ñ³Ûï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ÷³ÏóÝ»É:
into a ~ ó³ëÙ³Ý Ù»ç ÁÝÏÝ»É, ·³½³½»É. be pasteboard [΄peistbɔ:d] n ëïí³ñ³ÃáõÕÃ,
in a ~ ½³ÛñáõÛÃáí μéÝí³Í ÉÇÝ»É, ½³Ûñ³Ý³É. ˳í³ù³ñï:
(μáõéÝ ë»ñ) have a ~ for music/sweets ËëÏó. pastel [΄pæstl] n ·áõݳٳïÇï. ϳåáõÛï
å³ßï»É/ß³ï ëÇñ»É ͳÕÇÏÝ»ñ/ù³Õóñ»Õ»Ý: Ý»ñÏ:
passionate [΄pæ∫nət] a Ïñ³Ïáï, Ïñùáï. ëÇ- pasteurize [΄pa:st∫əraiz] v å³ëï»ñ³óÝ»É:
ñ³ï»Ýã. ¹Ûáõñ³·ñ·Çé, μéÝÏíáÕ: pastime [΄pa:staim] n ѳ׻ÉÇ Å³Ù³Ýó,
passionless [΄pæ∫nləs] a ³ÝÏÇñù, ³Ýíñ¹áí, ½μáë³Ýù, ˳Õ. Reading/Music is his fa-
³ÝËéáí: vourite ~ ÀÝûñó³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ/ºñ³Åßïáõ-
passive [΄pæsiv] a, n ³Ýï³ñμ»ñ, ³Ý·áñ- ÃÛáõÝÁ Ýñ³ ëÇñ»ÉÇ Å³Ù³ÝóÝ ¿:
ÍáõÝÛ³, å³ëëÇí. ù»ñ. Ïñ³íáñ³Ï³Ý. the ~ pastiness [΄peistinəs] n ÏåãáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ, Ù³-
voice ù»ñ. Ïñ³íáñ³Ï³Ý ë»é: ÍáõóÇÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
pastor 598 patience

pastor [΄pa:stə] n ù³Ñ³Ý³, Ñá·¨áñ ÑáíÇí, patency [΄peitnsi] n ³ÏÝѳÛïáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ÏÝ»-


å³ëïáñ: ñ¨áõÃÛáõÝ:
pastoral [΄pa:strəl] n, a ·ñÏ. Ñáíí»ñ·áõ- patent [΄pætnt] n ³ñïáݳ·Çñ, ¹ÇåÉáÙ.
ÃÛáõÝ. Ñáíí³Ï³Ý, Ñáíí»ñ·³Ï³Ý: ÷Ëμ. Ýß³Ý, ¹ñáßÙ (Ë»ÉùÇ, ѳÝ׳ñÇ). P~
pastorate [΄pa:stərət] n å³ëïáñÇ å³ßïáÝ, Office ³ñïáݳ·ñáõÃÛ³Ý ·ñ³ë»ÝÛ³Ï/μÛáõ-
å³ëïáñ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛáõÝ: ñá. take out a ~ ³ñïáݳ·Çñ í»ñóÝ»É. ~ law
pastry [΄peistri] n ËÙáñ(»Õ»Ý). short/flaky ~ ³ñïáݳ·ñ³ÛÇÝ Çñ³íáõÝù. ~ rights ³ñïá-
÷ËñáõÝ/ß»ñï³íáñ ËÙáñ. pastries ËÙá- ݳ·ñ³ÛÇÝ Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñ. ~ infringement ³ñ-
ñ»Õ»Ý: ïáݳ·ñÇ Ë³ËïáõÙ. ~ medicines ³ñïáݳ-
pasture [΄pa:st∫ə] n, v ³ñáï³í³Ûñ, ³ñá- ·ñí³Í ¹»Õáñ³Ûù:
ï³ï»Õ. ³ñ³Í»óÝ»É, ³ñ³Í»É: patent [΄peitnt] a ³ñïáݳ·ñí³Í. ÷Ëμ.
pasty [΄peisti] a ËÙáñ³ÝÙ³Ý, ÏåãáõÝ. ·áõ- ³ÏÝѳÛï, ³ÏÝ»ñ¨. (ɳù³Í) ~ shoes/leather
ݳï (ݳ¨ ~ faced), ÑÇí³Ý¹áï: ɳù³Í ÏáßÇÏÝ»ñ/ϳßÇ£
pasty [΄pæsti] n Ùë³Ï³ñϳݹ³Ï, å³ßï»ï: patent[΄pætnt] v ³ñïáݳ·Çñ ï³É/ ëï³-
pat [pæt] n Ã÷Ã÷³óÝ»ÉÁ, ³÷áí ûè ݳÉ:
Ë÷»ÉÁ. Ã÷Ã÷áó, ÃñËÏáó: patentee [‚peitn΄ti:] n ³ñïáݳï»ñ:
pat [pæt] v ³÷áí ûè Ë÷»É, Ã÷Ã÷³óÝ»É. paternal [pə΄tə:nl] a ѳÛñ³Ï³Ý, Ñáñ. Ñáñ
ûè ¹á÷»É. ßáÛ»É. ~ a dog ß³ÝÁ ßáÛ»É. ~ smb ÏáÕÙÇó ³½·³Ï³Ý. ~ grandfather ѳÛñ³Ï³Ý
in the back Ù»çùÇÝ Ã»Ã¨³ÏÇ Ë÷»É. ÷Ëμ. å³å:
ù³ç³É»ñ»É: paternity [pə΄tə:nəti] n ѳÛñáõÃÛáõÝ, ͳ·áõÙ
pat [pæt] adv ÇëÏ ¨ ÇëÏ.Ùdzݷ³Ù³ÛÝ Ñ³Ù³- Ñáñ ÏáÕÙÇó. ÷Ëμ. acknowledgement of ~
å³ï³ë˳Ý. He always has his excuse ~ Çñ³í. ѳÛñáõÃÛ³Ý ×³Ý³ãáõÙ. ~ suit ѳÛñáõ-
ØÇßï å³ïß³× å³ï׳é/å³ïñí³Ï Ïáõ- ÃÛ³Ý ×³Ý³ãÙ³Ý Ñ³Ûó:
ݻݳ. know smth off ~ ËëÏó. ÑdzݳÉÇ path [pa:θ] n ³ñ³Ñ»ï, ß³íÇÕ, ϳͳÝ.
ÇٳݳÉ. stand ~ ËëÏó. Çñ áñáßÙ³Ý Ù»ç ÷Ëμ. áõÕÇ, ׳ݳå³ñÑ. a ~ through the
ѳëï³ï ÉÇÝ»É: woods ³Ýï³éÇ ³ñ³Ñ»ï/ϳͳÝ. flagstone
patch [pæt∫] n ϳñϳï³Ý, ɳÃ. trousers with ~ ù³ñ»ë³É³Ñ³ï³Ï ׳ݳå³ñÑ. Our ~s
~ es ϳñϳï³ÝÝ»ñáí ß³Éí³ñ. (˳É, μÇÍ) never crossed again Ø»ñ áõÕÇÝ»ñÁ ³Ûɨë
a damp ~ on the wall å³ïÇÝ Ëáݳí μÇÍ. a »ñμ»ù ãѳïí»óÇÝ. cross one’s ~ Ù»ÏÇ ×³-
dog with a white ~ ëåÇï³Ï ˳Éáí ßáõÝ. an ݳå³ñÑÇÝ Ï³Ý·Ý»É/ËáãÁݹáï»É:
eye ~ ³ãùÇ íÇñ³Ï³å. (Ïïáñ, Íí»Ý) a ~ of pathetic [pə΄θetik] a ëñï³ß³ñÅ, ëñï³éáõã,
blue sky ϳåáõÛï »ñÏÝùÇ ÙÇ Ïïáñ. a veg- Ñáõ½Çã. Ë»Õ×, ËÕ×áõÏ. a ~ creature ËÕ×áõÏ/
etable ~ μ³Ýç³ñ³Ýáó. a bad ~ of the road ׳- ¹Åμ³Ëï ³ñ³ñ³Í. ~ voice ËÕ×áõÏ Ó³ÛÝ. at
ݳå³ñÑÇ í³ï ѳïí³Í/Ïïáñ. go through a ~ excuse ! ƯÝã ËÕ×áõÏ/Ñáõ½Çã å³ïñí³Ï:
a bad ~ ³ÝѳçáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É. not a ~ pathfinder [΄pa:θ‚faində] n Ñ»ï³ËáõÛ½:
on Ù»ÏÇ »ÕáõÝ·Á ã³ñŻݳÉ, áãÝãáõÃÛáõÝ pathless [΄pa:θləs] a ³Ý׳ݳå³ñÑ, ãïñáñ-
ÉÇÝ»É: í³Í:
patch [pæt∫] v ϳñϳï»É, Ýáñá·»É (ݳ¨ ~ pathological [‚pæθə΄lɒdзikl] a ³Ëï³μ³-
up). ~ a shoe ÏáßÇÏÁ ϳñϳï»É. ~ up an old ݳϳÝ, å³ÃáÉá·Ç³Ï³Ý:
bike ÑÇÝ Ñ»Í³ÝÇíÁ Ýáñá·»É. ~ up a quarrel pathos [΄peiθɒs] n å³Ãáë:
÷Ëμ. í»×Á ѳñûÉ: pathway [΄pa:θwei] n ³ñ³Ñ»ï, ß³íÇÕ, ϳ-
patchwork [΄pæt∫wə:k]1. n ·áõÛݽ·áõÛÝ Í³Ý:
ÏïáñÝ»ñÇó ϳñ³Í í»ñÙ³Ï/ͳÍÏáó. a ~ patience [΄pei∫ns] n ѳÙμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. have ~
quilt ɳûñÇó ϳñ³Í ͳÍÏáó. 2. a Ïïáñ- ѳÙμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ. have got no ~ ѳÙ-
Ý»ñÇó ϳñí³Í, ˳Ûï³μÕ»ï: μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ ãáõݻݳÉ. the ~ of Job Ññ»ßï³-
patchy [΄pæt∫i] a μͳíáñ, ˳Ûï³μÕ»ï. ϳÛÇÝ Ñ³Ùμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. be out of ~ ѳÙμ»ñáõ-
÷Ëμ. ÏóÏïáõñ, ÏÇë³ï-åé³ï: ÃÛáõÝÇó ¹áõñë ·³É. My ~ is exhausted гÙμ»-
pate [peit] n ·ÉáõË, ·³·³Ã. ÷Ëμ. Ë»Éù, Ë»É- ñáõÃÛáõÝë ѳï»ó. try everybody’s ~ ѳÙμ»-
ùÇ ïáåñ³Ï: ñáõÃÛáõÝÇó ѳݻÉ. ½³Ñɳ ï³Ý»É. ÃÕÃË.
patient 599 pawnee

å³ëÛ³Ýë. play ~ ˳ճÃÕûñáí μ³Ëï/íÇ- Ëáë»É, μÉμɳóÝ»É. have got the sales-
×³Ï μ³ó ³Ý»É£ man’s/conjuror’s ~ ³×å³ñ³ñÇ/³é¨ïñ³Ï³-
patient [΄pei∫nt] 1. n μáõÅíáÕ ÑÇí³Ý¹. in - ~ ÝÇ Ëáë»É³Ó¨Ý áõݻݳÉ:
ÑÇí³Ý¹³Ýáó³ÛÇÝ ÑÇí³Ý¹. out ~ ³Ùμáõɳ- pattern [΄pætn] n ûñÇݳÏ, ÝÙáõß, Ùá¹»É.
ïáñ³ÛÇÝ/»ñè»Ï ÑÇí³Ý¹ ~‘s file ÑÇí³Ý¹Ç Ó¨í³Íù, Ó¨. Ýϳñ, ݳËß³Ýϳñ. on/follow-
ù³ñï. 2. a ѳÙμ»ñáÕ, ѳÙμ»ñ³ï³ñ. be ~ ing the ~ of ³Û¹ Ó¨áí, ûñÇݳÏÇÝ Ñ»ï¨»É.
with smn ѳÙμ»ñ³ï³ñ ÉÇÝ»É: take the ~ of áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ Ó¨Á ѳݻÉ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~
patio [΄pætiəu] n Ý»ñëÇ μ³Ï, Ý»ñùݳ·³íÇÃ: matching ÝáõÛݳóáõÙ ÝÙáõßÇ Ñ»ï. ~ recogni-
patisserie [pə΄ti:sri] n Ññáõ߳ϻջÝ: tion Ï»ñå³ñÇ ×³Ý³ãáõÙ. ~ search áñáÝáõÙ
patriarch [΄peitria:k] n Ñáíí³å»ï, ѳÛñ³- Áëï ÝÙáõßÇ:
å»ï, å³ïñdzñù: patty [΄pæti] n ÷áùñÇÏ Ï³ñϳݹ³Ï, μÉÇÃ:
patriarchal [‚peitri΄a:kl] a ݳѳå»ï³- paunch [pɔ:nt∫] n ËëÏó. ÷áñ, áñáí³ÛÝ. He’s
ϳÝ, ѳÛñ³å»ï³Ï³Ý: getting quite a ~ ܳ ëÏë»É ¿ ÷áñ ·ó»É:
patriarchy [΄peitria:ki] n ѳÛñ³å»ïáõ- paunchy [΄pɔ:nt∫i] a ѳëï³÷áñ:
ÃÛáõÝ, å³ïñdzñùáõÃÛáõÝ: pauper [΄pɔ:pə] n ³Õù³ï, Ùáõñ³óϳÝ:
patrician [pə΄tri∫n] n ³ñÇëïáÏñ³ï, pauperize [΄pɔ:pəraiz] v ³Õù³ï³óÝ»É,
³½Ýí³Ï³Ý, å³ïñÇÏ: ÁÝã³½áõñÏ ¹³ñÓÝ»É:
patricide [΄pætrisaid] n ѳÛñ³ëå³Ýáõ- pause [pɔ:z] n ¹³¹³ñ, ÁݹÙÇçáõÙ, ϳñ׳-
ÃÛáõÝ: ï¨ Ñ³Ý·Çëï. »ñÅß. ý»ñÙ³ïá. (ß÷áÃáõ-
patriot [΄peitriət] n ѳÛñ»Ý³ë»ñ: ÃÛáõÝ, ß÷áÃÙáõÝù) give ~ to ß÷áÃáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç
patriotic [‚pætri΄ɒtik] a ѳÛñ»Ý³ëÇñ³Ï³Ý: ·ó»É. at ~ ³Ýí×é³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç:
patrol [pə΄trəul] 1. n é½Ù. å³ñ»Ï, å³Ñ³Ï³- pause [pɔ:z] v ϳݷ ³éÝ»É, ¹³¹³ñ ï³É.
ËáõÙμ. å³ñ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝ, å³Ñå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. on ¹³Ý¹³Õ»É, ѳå³Õ»É, í³ñ³Ý»É. speak with-
out pausing once Ëáë»É ³é³Ýó ϳݷ ³é-
~ å³ñ»ÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç. 2. a å³ñ»Ï³ÛÇÝ, å³-
Ý»Éáõ:
ѳϳÛÇÝ. 3. v å³ñ»Ï»É, å³Ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ
³Ý»É. ~ the streets ÷áÕáóÝ»ñáõÙ å³ñ»Ïáõ-
pave [peiv] v ë³É³ñÏ»É, ù³ñ»É. ͳÕÇÏÝ»ñ
ë÷é»É. ÷Ëμ. ÑáÕ Ý³Ë³å³ïñ³ëï»É. ~ the
ÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É:
way for smth ׳ݳå³ñÑ μ³ó»É áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ
patrolman [pə΄trəulmən] n ¹Çï³å³Ñ³Ï. ѳٳñ:
å³ñ»Ï³ÛÇÝ å³Ñ³Ï³ËÙμÇ ³Ý¹³Ù:
patron [΄peitrən] n Ñáí³Ý³íáñ, å³ßïå³Ý. pavement [΄peivmənt] n Ù³ÛÃ, Ë׳Ýϳñáí
ѳï³Ï. ³Ù. ë³É³ñÏ, ë³É³Ñ³ï³Ï:
ËݳٳϳÉ. Ùßï³Ï³Ý ·Ýáñ¹/ѳ׳Ëáñ¹.
paving-stone [΄peiviŋstəun] n ë³É³ù³ñ,
a ~ of the arts ٻϻݳë:
ë³É³ñÏ:
patronage [΄pætrənidз] n Ñáí³Ý³íáñáõ- pavilion [pə΄viliən] n ï³Õ³í³ñ. íñ³Ý,
ÃÛáõÝ, å³ßïå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ËݳٳϳÉáõ-
ͳÍÏ:
ÃÛáõÝ. ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: paving [΄peiviŋ] n ë³É³ñÏ, ë³É³Ñ³ï³Ï.
patronize [΄pætrənaiz] v Ñáí³Ý³íáñ»É, ë³É³ñÏ»Éáõ ÝÛáõÃ:
å³ßïå³Ý»É, ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ paw [pɔ:] 1. n óÃ. ËëÏó. Ó»éù. 2. v óÃáí
óáõÛó ï³É. a pub ~d by journalists μ³ñ, áñÇ ¹Çåã»É, ׳ÝÏé»É:
ѳ׳Ëáñ¹Ý»ñÁ ÑÇÙݳϳÝáõÙ Éñ³·ñáÕ- pawn I [pɔ:n] n ·ñ³í, ·ñ³í³Ï³Ý. at/in ~
Ý»ñ »Ý: ·ñ³í ¹ñ³Í. put smth in ~ ·ñ³í ¹Ý»É áñ¨¿
patronymic [‚pætrə΄nimik] n ѳÛñ³ÝáõÝ, μ³Ý. ~ ticket ·ñ³í³ñ³Ý, ·ñ³íÇ ëï³-
ïáÑÙ³ÝáõÝ: ó³Ï³Ý:
patter I [΄pætə] 1. n ûè³ÏÇ Ã÷Ã÷áó. pawn II [pɔ:n] n ß³ËÙ³ïÇ ½ÇÝíáñ. ÷Ëμ.
³ÝÓñ¨Ç ϳÃÇÉÝ»ñÇ ÏïÏïáó. 2. v ³ÝÝß³Ý/ãÝãÇÝ Ù³ñ¹:
ÃËÏÃËϳóÝ»É. ÏïÏï³óÝ»É. The rain ~ed on pawn [pɔ:n] v ·ñ³í ¹Ý»É. ÷Ëμ. »ñ³ß˳íá-
the window ²ÝÓñ¨Á ÏïÏï³óÝáõÙ ¿ñ Éáõ- ñ»É:
ë³ÙáõïÇ ³å³ÏÇÝ: pawnbroker [΄pɔ:nbrəukə] n ·ñ³í³éáõ,
patter II [΄pætə] 1. n ³ñ³·³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝ, ·ñ³í³ï³Ý ï»ñ:
ͳÍϳɻ½áõ: 2. v ³ñ³·³Ëáë»É, ß³ï³- pawnee [pɔ:΄ni:] n ·ñ³í³¹Çñ:
pawnshop 600 peaceable

pawnshop [΄pɔ:n∫ɒp] n ·ñ³í³ïáõÝ: payer [΄peiə] n í׳ñáñ¹, í׳ñáÕ ³ÝÓ:


pay [pei] n í³ñÓ³ïñáõÙ, í³ñÓ. ³ß˳ï³- paying [΄peiiŋ] a û·ï³í»ï, ߳ѳí»ï,
í³ñÓ, éá×ÇÏ. full/half ~ ÉñÇí/Ï»ë ¹ñáõÛù. be »Ï³Ùï³μ»ñ. ~ proposition ߳ѳí»ï ³é³-
on full ~ ÙÇ ¹ñáõÛùáí ³ß˳ï»É. be on half ~ ç³ñÏ:
Ï»ë ¹ñáõÛùáí ³ß˳ï»É. weekly/low/high ~ paymaster [΄peima:stə] n ·³ÝÓ³å³Ñ. ~
ß³μ³Ã³Ï³Ý/μ³ñÓñ/ó³Íñ ³ß˳ï³í³ñÓ. general ·É˳íáñ ·³ÝÓ³å³Ñ:
basic rate of ~ í³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛ³Ý ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý payment [΄peimənt] n í׳ñáõÙ, í׳ñ. down
ÝáñÙÁ. take home ~ Ù³ùáõñ ³ß˳ï³í³ñÓ. ~ ³é³çÇÝ/ݳËÝ³Ï³Ý ÙáõÍáõÙ. cash ~ ϳÝ-
draw one’s ~ ³ß˳ï³í³ñÓ ëï³Ý³É. ËÇÏ í׳ñ. ~ by the hour ųٳí׳ñ. ~ on
What’s the ~ like here? àñù³±Ý »Ý ³Ûëï»Õ delivery í»ñ³¹Çñ í׳ñ. defer ~ í׳ñÙ³Ý
í׳ñáõÙ: ~ freeze ³ß˳ï³í³ñÓÇ ë³é»- ųÙÏ»ïÁ Ñ»ï³Ó·»É. ~ by instalment ï³ñ³-
óáõÙ. strike ~ Ýå³ëï ·áñͳ¹áõɳíáñÇÝ. ųÙÏ»ïáí/Ù³ë-Ù³ë í׳ñ»É. make a down
holiday without ~ ³Ýí׳ñ ³ñÓ³Ïáõñ¹: ~ ϳï³ñ»É ³é³çÇÝ ÙáõÍáõÙÁ. ~ in full ÉñÇí
pay [pei] v í׳ñ»É, í³ñÓ³ïñ»É. ~ for oneself í׳ñáõÙ. ~ in kind í׳ñáõÙ ³åñ³Ýùáí/
Çñ ѳٳñ í׳ñ»É. ~ extra money ѳí»ÉÛ³É Í³é³ÛáõÃÛ³Ùμ. advance ~ ϳÝ˳í׳ñ.
÷áÕ í׳ñ»É. a badly paid job í³ï í׳ñíáÕ terms of ~ í׳ñÙ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ:
³ß˳ï³Ýù. paid up capital í׳ñí³Í pay-off [΄peiɒf] n ³ß˳ï³í³ñÓÇ í׳ñáõÙ/
ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ. paid up shares í׳ñí³Í μ³ÅÝ»- í׳ñÙ³Ý Å³ÙÏ»ï:
ïáÙë»ñ. (÷áËѳïáõó»É, Ù³ñ»É) ~ a bill pay-office [΄peiɒfis] n ¹ñ³Ù³ñÏÕ, ·³ÝÓ-
ѳßÇíÁ í׳ñ»É/÷³Ï»É. ~ one’s debts ³ñÏÕ:
å³ñïù»ñÁ Ù³ñ»É. ~ damages íݳëÁ ÷áË- pay packet [΄peipækit] n ³ß˳ï³í³ñÓ:
ѳïáõó»É. ~ in advance/in full ϳÝ˳å»ë/ payphone [΄peifəun] n Ñ»é³Ëáë-³íïá-
ÉñÇí í׳ñ»É. ~ in installments ï³ñ³Å³Ù- Ù³ï:
Ï»ïáí í׳ñ»É. ~ in cash/in kind ϳÝ- pay-roll [΄peirəul], pay-sheet [΄pei∫i:t] n
ËÇÏ/μݳÙûñùáí í׳ñ»É. (ß³Ñáõóμ»ñ, ³ß˳ï³í³ñÓÇ óáõó³Ï, í׳ñ³óáõó³Ï.
߳ѳí»ï ÉÇÝ»É) It ~s to advertize ¶á- be on the ~ óáõó³ÏáõÙ ÉÇÝ»É:
í³½¹»ÉÁ ÙÇßï ß³Ñáõóμ»ñ ¿. ~ as you go in pea [pi:] n ëÇë»é. split ~s ÏÉå³Í ëÇë»é. sweet
í׳ñ»É ÙáõïùÇ Ùáï. ~ one’s respects ~s Ñáï³í»ï ëÇë»é/áÉáé. green/ garden ~
ѳñ·³Ýù Ù³ïáõó»É. ~ attention áõß³¹- ϳݳã ëÇë»é. as like as two ~s ÇÝãå»ë çñÇ
ñáõÃÛáõÝ ¹³ñÓÝ»É. ~ a call /a visit ³Ûó»É»É. It »ñÏáõ ϳÃÇÉ. ~ soup ëÇë»éáí ³åáõñ:
~s to be careful ÷Ëμ. âÇ Ë³Ý·³ñáõÙ áõß³- peace [pi:s] n ˳ճÕáõÃÛáõÝ. universal/world
¹Çñ ÉÇÝ»É. ~ back ÷áÕÁ »ï í»ñ³¹³ñÓÝ»É. ~ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ˳ճÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ˳ճÕáõ-
~ back a debt å³ñïùÁ í»ñ³¹³ñÓÝ»É. ~ back ÃÛáõÝ ³ÙμáÕç ³ß˳ñÑáõÙ. P~ was signed
in the same coin ÷Ëμ. ÝáõÛÝ Ó¨áí ѳïáõó»É. êïáñ³·ñí»ó ˳ճÕáõÃÛ³Ý å³Ûٳݳ-
~ for í׳ñ»É, ѳïáõóáõÙ Ïñ»É. He’ll ~ for ·Çñ. ensure ~ ³å³Ñáí»É ˳ճÕáõÃÛáõÝ.
this ܳ Ïí׳ñÇ ¹ñ³ ѳٳñ. ~ down ϳÝ- make ~ ѳßïáõÃÛáõÝ ÏÝù»É, ѳßïí»É. make
ËÇÏ í׳ñ»É. ~ off ѳßÇíÁ ÷³Ï»É, ÉñÇí ~ with smn ѳßïí»É Ù»ÏÇ Ñ»ï. ~ talks ˳-
í׳ñ»É. ~ off the mortgage í³ñÏÁ ÉñÇí í׳- Õ³ÕáõÃÛ³Ý μ³Ý³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. (ϳñ·áõ-
ñ»É. ~ out í׳ñ»É, ѳïáõó»É. ~ out a huge ϳÝáÝ) keep/break the ~ å³Ñå³Ý»É/˳Ë-
sum Ù»Í ·áõÙ³ñ í׳ñ»É. ~ up ÉñÇí í׳ñ»É, ï»É ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ϳñ·áõϳÝáÝÁ. main-
ѳßÇíÁ ÷³Ï»É: tain the ~ ϳñ·áõϳÝáÝÁ å³Ñå³Ý»É. (ѳÝ-
payable [΄peiəbl] a í׳ñ»ÉÇ, í׳ñÙ³Ý »Ý- ·Çëï, ³Ý¹áññ) ~ of mind Ñá·áõ ³Ý¹áñ-
óϳ. ߳ѳí»ï, »Ï³Ùï³μ»ñ. total amount ñáõÃÛáõÝ. give no ~ ѳݷÇëï ãï³É/ãÃáÕÝ»É.
~ í׳ñÙ³Ý »Ýóϳ ·áõÙ³ñ: never get a moment’s ~ áã ÙÇ í³ÛñÏÛ³Ý
pay-day [΄peidei] n ³ß˳ï³í³ñÓÇ í׳ñ- ѳݷëïáõÃÛáõÝ ãáõݻݳÉ. live at ~ ˳ճÕ
Ù³Ý ûñ: ³åñ»É. leave smb in ~ Ù»ÏÇÝ Ñ³Ý·Çëï ÃáÕ-
Paydesk [΄peidesk] ¹ñ³Ù³ñÏÕ: Ý»É. hold one’s ~ Éé»É:
payee [‚pei΄i:] n í׳ñ³·Çñ/ã»Ï/ÙáõñÑ³Ï peaceable [΄pi:səbl] a ˳ճÕ, ˳ճճ-
Ý»ñϳ۳óÝáÕÁ. ÷áÕ ëï³óáÕÁ£ ë»ñ:
peaceful 601 peculiarit/y

peaceful [΄pi:sfl] a ˳ճÕ, ѳݹ³ñï, ѳÝ- (ݳ¨ ~ tree). 2. a ï³ÝÓÇ:


·Çëï. a ~ demonstration Ë³Õ³Õ óáõÛó. a ~ pearl [pə:l] n Ù³ñ·³ñÇï, Ù³ñ·³ñï³Ñ³ï.
summer day ѳݹ³ñï ³Ù³é³ÛÇÝ ûñ£ a ~ Ù³ñ·³ñï³Ñ³ïÇÏ. venetian ~ ³ñÑ»ë-
peace keeping [΄pi:ski:piŋ] a ˳ճճ- ï³Ï³Ý Ù³ñ·³ñÇï. cultivated ~s ³×»óí³Í/
å³Ñ. a UN ~ force Ø²Î Ç (˳ճճå³Ñ) Ùß³Ïí³Í Ù³ñ·³ñÇïÝ»ñ. a ~ necklace Ù³ñ-
½áñù»ñ: ·³ñï» í½Ýáó. throw ~s before swine
peace-lover [΄pi:slΛvə] n ˳ճÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ñ·³ñÇïÁ Ëá½»ñÇ ³é³ç ·ó»É:
ÏáÕÙݳÏÇó: pearl-barley [΄pə:lba:li] n ·³ñ»Ó³í³ñ:
peace-loving [΄pi:slΛviŋ] a ˳ճճë»ñ: pearl-diver [΄pə:ldaivə] n Ù³ñ·³ñÇï
peacemaker [΄pi:smeikə] n ˳ճճñ³ñ, áñáÝáÕ:
ѳßï³ñ³ñ: pearly [΄pə:li] a Ù³ñ·³ñïÛ³. Ù³ñ·³ñï³-
peace-time [΄pi:staim] n Ë³Õ³Õ Å³Ù³- å³ï, Ù³ñ·³ñï³ß³ï:
ݳÏ: peasant [΄peznt] n, a ·ÛáõÕ³óÇ, ·»ÕçáõÏ.
peach [pi:t∫] n ¹»ÕÓ. ¹»ÕÓÇ Í³é, ¹»ÕÓ»ÝÇ ·ÛáõÕ³ódzϳÝ:
(ݳ¨ ~ tree). ËëÏó. ·»Õ»óÏáõÑÇ. She’s a ~ ! peasantry [΄pezntri] n ·ÛáõÕ³óÇáõÃÛáõÝ£
ܳ å³ñ½³å»ë ·»Õ»óÏáõÑÇ ¿£ peat [pi:t] n, a ïáñý. ïáñýÇ, ïáñý³ÛÇÝ. ~
peach-coloured [΄pi:t∫‚kΛləd] a μ³ó bog ïáñý³í³Ûñ, ïáñý³×³ÑÇ×:
í³ñ¹³·áõÛÝ, ¹»ÕÓÇ ·áõÛÝ: peatery [΄pi:təri] n ïáñýÇ Ùß³ÏáõÙ, ïáñýÇ
peachy [΄pi:t∫i] a ¹»ÕÓ³ÝÙ³Ý. ËëÏó. Ñdz- Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý í³Ûñ:
ݳÉÇ, Ññ³ß³ÉÇ: peaty [΄pi:ti] a ïáñý³ÛÇÝ:
peacock [΄pi:kɒk]1. n ëÇñ³Ù³ñ·. 2. a pebble [΄pebl]1. n ÑÕÏí³Í ·»ï³ù³ñ/Ù³Ý-
ëÇñ³Ù³ñ·Ç. 3. v ÷ùí»É, »ñ¨³Ï³Û»É: ñ³ù³ñ. É»éݳÛÇÝ μÛáõñ»Õ. You’re not the
peacockery [pi:΄kɒkəri] n ·áéá½áõÃÛáõÝ, only ~ on the beach ÷Ëμ. ¸áõ ÙdzÏÁ ã»ë ³Ûë
ëݳå³ñÍáõÃÛáõÝ, Ó¨³ÙáÉáõÃÛáõÝ: ³ß˳ñÑáõÙ 2. v Ë×»É, Ë׳å³ï»É:
peafowl [΄pi:faul] n ëÇñ³Ù³ñ·: pebbly [΄pebli] a Ë×áí ͳÍÏí³Í, Ë׳-
peahen [΄pi:hen] n (¿·) ëÇñ³Ù³ñ·: å³ï, Ë׳å³ï³Í:
pea-jaket [΄pi:‚dзækit] n Íáí. ݳí³ëïáõ peccant [΄pekənt] a Ù»Õ³íáñ, Ù»Õë³ÉÇó:
μñ¹Û³ μ³×ÏáÝ. ï³ù μ³×ÏáÝ: peck [pek] n ÏïáõóÇ Ñ³ñí³Í. ÏïÏ. ûè
peak [pi:k] n ·³·³Ã, É»éݳ·³·³Ã. μ³ñÓ- ѳÙμáõÛñ. ËëÏó. áõï»ÉÇù:
ñ³·áõÛÝ Ï»ï/³ëïÇ׳Ý. Traffic is at its ~ peck [pek] v Ïïó³Ñ³ñ»É. ͳϻÉ, ÷áñ»É. The
÷Ëμ. ºñè»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ Çñ ·³·³ÃݳϻïÇÝ parrot ~ed my finger ÂáõóÏÁ Ïïó³Ñ³ñ»ó
¿ ѳë»É. at the ~ of one’s fame ÷³éùÇ ·³- ÇÙ Ù³ïÁ. ~ a hole in the sack ïáåñ³ÏÇ Ù»ç
·³ÃÇÝ. ~ load ³é³í»É³·áõÛÝ Í³Ýñ³μ»éÝ- ³Ýóù μ³ó»É. She just ~ed at her food ÷Ëμ.
í³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ: ܳ å³ñ½³å»ë å³ï³é³ù³Õáí ùã÷áñ»ó
peak [pi:k] v ÃáõɳݳÉ, ÑÛáõÍí»É. ~ and pine áõï»ÉÇùÁ:
ï³Ýçí»É: pecker [΄pekə] n ËëÏó. ùÇÃ, Ïïáõó. Keep
peaked [pi:kt] a ëñ³Í³Ûñ, ëñ³·³·³Ã. a ~ your ~ up ¶Éáõ˹ μ³ñÓñ å³ÑÇñ, ÙÇ
cap ½ÇÝíáñ³Ï³Ý ·É˳ñÏ:
ÁÝÏ×íÇñ:
peaky [΄pi:ki] a ÑÛáõÍí³Í. She’s looking ~ peckish [΄peki∫] a ËëÏó. ù³Õó³Í. feel ~
ÐÛáõÍí³Í ï»ëù áõÝÇ:
ù³Õó ½·³É:
peal [pi:l] n ½³Ý·»ñÇ ÕáÕ³Ýç, ѳٳÕá- pecktoral [΄pektərəl] a ÏñÍù³ÛÇÝ (ݳ¨ Ó³Û-
Õ³Ýç. ~ of bells ½³Ý·»ñÇ ÕáÕ³Ýç a ~ of
ÝÇ Ù³ëÇÝ):
laughter ÍÇͳÕÇ åáéÃÏáõÙ. a ~ of thunder
³ÙåñáåÇ ·áéáó/׳ÛÃÛáõÝ£
peculiar [pi΄kju:liə] a Ûáõñ³Ñ³ïáõÏ, μÝá-
ñáß, ³Ýëáíáñ. ï³ñûñÇݳÏ. ~ style Ûáõñ³-
peal [pi:l] v ÑÝã»É, ÕáÕ³Ýç»É. The bells ~ed out
ѳïáõÏ á×. humour ~ to the English ³Ý·Édz-
¼³Ý·»ñÁ ÕáÕ³Ýç»óÇÝ:
óÇÝ»ñÇÝ μÝáñáß ÑáõÙáñ. ~ sort of man ï³ñ-
peanut [΄pi:nΛt] n ·»ïݳÝáõß, ³ñ³ËÇë.
ûñÇÝ³Ï Ù³ñ¹. a matter of ~ interest ѳïáõÏ
His pay is just ~s Üñ³Ý ãÝãÇÝ ·ñáßÝ»ñ »Ý
ï³ÉÇë: Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝ Ý»ñϳ۳óÝáÕ ·áñÍ:
pear [peə]1. n ï³ÝÓ, ï³ÝÓÇ Í³é. ï³ÝÓ»ÝÇ peculiarit/y [pi‚kju:li΄ærəti] n ÛáõñûñÇݳ-
pecuniary 602 peg

ÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ï³ñûñÇݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ³é³ÝÓݳ- åáÏíáõÙ ¿. We ~ed off our clothes ËëÏó.,


ѳïÏáõÃÛáõÝ. the ~ies of ³é³ÝÓݳѳïÏáõ- ÷Ëμ. Ø»Ýù ѳ·áõëïÝ»ñë ѳݻóÇÝù:
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ. We all have our ~ies Ø»Ýù μáÉáñë peelings [΄pi:liŋz] n ÏÉ»å, Ï×»å. ϻը.
áõÝ»Ýù Ù»ñ ï³ñûñÇݳÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ: ó÷Ã÷áõÏÝ»ñ:
pecuniary [pi΄kju:niəri] a ¹ñ³Ù³Ï³Ý, peep I [pi:p] n ·³Õï³·áÕÇ Ñ³Û³óù. get a ~
÷áÕ³ÛÇÝ: of ï»ëÝ»É. have/take a ~ at ѳ۳óù Ý»ï»É.
pedagogic(al) [‚pedə΄gɒdзik(l)] a Ù³Ýϳ- the ~ of day/dawn Éáõë³μ³ó:
í³ñųϳÝ: peep II [pi:p] n ÍíÍíáó, ÍÉíÉáó, ×éíáÕÛáõÝ.
pedagogics [‚pedə΄gɒdзiks] n Ù³Ýϳí³ñ- One ~ out of you ! ËëÏó. öáñÓÇñ Ó³ÛÝ
ÅáõÃÛáõÝ: ѳݻÉ. (ßã³Ï) The car gave a ~ Ø»ù»Ý³Ý
pedal [΄pedl] 1. n áïÝ³Ï (廹³É). 2. a áï- ³½¹³Ý߳ݻó:
ݳÏÇ (廹³ÉÇ, 廹³É³ÛÇÝ)£ peep [pi:p] v ³ñ³· ѳ۳óù Ó·»É. ³ÝóùÇ
pedal [΄pedl] v áïݳÏÁ (廹³ÉÁ) ë»ÕÙ»É, ÙÇçáí ݳۻÉ. (ÍÏɳï»É) She ~ed into the
áïݳÏÝ»ñáí (廹³ÉÝ»ñáí) ³ß˳ï»É: room/round the door ܳ ѳ۳óù Ý»ï»ó
loud/soft ~ ³ç/Ó³Ë áïÝ³Ï (廹³É). brake ~ ë»ÝÛ³ÏÇ Ù»ç/ݳۻó ¹é³Ý »ï¨Á. The moon
(³íïá)áïùÇ ³ñ·»É³ÏÇ áïݳÏÁ (å»- ~ed out ÈáõëÇÝÁ ¹áõñë »Ï³í/ÍÏɳï»ó£
¹³ÉÁ)£ peeper [΄pi:pə] n Éñï»ë, ·³Õï³·áÕÇ ¹Ç-
pedant [΄pednt] n Ù³Ýñ³ËݹÇñ/μͳËݹÇñ ïáÕ. ËëÏó. ³ãù:
Ù³ñ¹. 廹³Ýï: peep-hole [΄pi:phəul] n ¹Çï³Ýóù:
pedantic [pi΄dæntik] a Ù³Ýñ³ËݹÇñ, μͳ- peer I [piə] n ѳí³ë³ñ³ÏÇó, ѳí³ë³ñÁ,
ËݹÇñ: ½áõÛ·Á. ï³ñ»ÏÇó. without ~ ³Ý½áõ·³Ï³Ý:
peddle [΄pedl] v Ù³Ýñ³í³×³éáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É, peer II [piə] n å»ñ, Éáñ¹. Èáñ¹»ñÇ å³É³ïÇ
ßñçÇÏ ³é¨ïáõñ ³Ý»É: ³Ý¹³Ù. He was made a ~ Üñ³Ý å»ñÇ ïÇï-
peddling [΄pedliŋ] a Ù³Ýñ, Ù³ÝñáõÝùÝ»ñáí/ Õáë å³ñ·¨»óÇÝ. a life ~ óÙ³Ñ å»ñ:
¹³ï³ñÏ μ³Ý»ñáí ½μ³ÕíáÕ: peer [piə] v áõß³¹Çñ ¹Çï»É, ѳ۳óùáí
pedestal [΄pedistl] n å³ïí³Ý¹³Ý, ÑÇÙù. put ½ÝÝ»É. She ~ed at him ܳ áõß³¹Çñ ½ÝÝ»ó
smn on a ~ ÷Ëμ. Ù»ÏÇÝ Ù»Í³ñ»É£ ïÕ³ÛÇÝ. ~ through the key hole μ³Ý³Éáõ
pedestrian [pə΄destriən] n Ñ»ïÇáïÝ: ³ÝóùÇó ·³Õï³·áÕÇ Ý³Û»É:
pedestrian [pə΄destriən] a Ñ»ïÇáïÝ. a ~ peerage [΄piəridз] n å»ñÇ ÏáãáõÙ. μ³ñÓñ
crossing Ñ»ïÇáïÝÇ ³ÝóáõÙ. (ïËáõñ, Ó³ÝÓ- ³½Ýí³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
ñ³ÉÇ) a ~ article ³ÝÑ»ï³ùñùÇñ Ñá¹í³Í. He peeve [pi:v] 1. n ½³Ûñ³óáõóÇã. ·ñ·éÇã ѳÝ-
is very ~ ܳ ÙïùÇ ÃéÇãù ãáõÝÇ: ·³Ù³Ýù. one’s pet ~ Ù»ÏÇ ó³íáï ï»ÕÁ. 2. v
pedigree [΄pedigri:] n ïáÑÙ³μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ·ñ·é»É, ½³Ûñ³óÝ»É:
ïáÑÙ³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý ͳé. ~ dog/cattle ó»Õ³- peeved [pi:vd] a ·ñ·éí³Í, ½³Ûñ³ó³Í. be ~
ϳÝ/ ½ï³ñÛáõÝ ßáõÝ/³Ý³ëáõÝ. be proud of at the delay ½³Ûñ³ó³Í Ñ»ï³Ó·Ù³Ý/
one’s ~ Çñ ͳ·áõÙáí Ñå³ñï³Ý³É: Ó·Ó·Ù³Ý å³ï׳éáí:
pediment [΄pedimənt] n ×ñï. í»ñݳ׳- peevish [΄pi:vi∫] a ½³Ûñ³ó³Í, ¹Å·áÑ. ³Ý-
ϳï, ýñáÝïáÝ: ѳßï ãѳñÙ³ñíáÕ. ËëÏó. ùٳѳ×:
pedlar [΄pedlə] n ßñçÇÏ Ù³Ýñ³í³×³é: peg [peg] n ë»å, óÇó. Ï»éÇÏ. ϳ˳ñ³Ý.
pedlary [΄pedləri] n ßñçÇÏ ³é¨ïáõñ.Ù³Ýñ- clothes ~ Éí³óù³ë»ÕÙ³Ï. hang one’s coat on
ÙáõÝñ ³åñ³Ýù: a ~ í»ñ³ñÏáõÝ Ï»éÇó ϳ˻É. bug clothes off
pedometer [pi΄dɒmitə] n ù³Ûɳã³÷: the ~ ÷Ëμ. å³ïñ³ëïÇ Ñ³·áõëï ·Ý»É. a
peek [pi:k] n, v ·³Õï³·áÕÇ/³ñ³· ѳ۳óù. square ~ in a round hole ÷Ëμ. μáÉáñáíÇÝ ³Ý-
ѳñ¨³ÝóÇ/ͳÍáõÏ Ý³Û»É: ѳٳå³ï³ë˳Ý/ãѳñÙ³ñíáÕ μ³Ý. come
peel [pi:l] n ϻը, ÏÉ»å. Ï×»å. candied ~ ß³- down a ~ ÷Ëμ. ïáÝÁ Çç»óÝ»É. take one down
ù³ñ³Í Ùñ·³Ï»Õ¨, óáõϳï: a ~ (or two) ÷Ëμ. ï»ÕÁ Ýëï»óÝ»É/óáõÛó
peel [pi:l] v ÏÉå»É, Ï×å»É. ׳ù×ù»É. û÷ ï³É:
ï³É. Ù³ßÏÁ ÷áË»É. My back is ~ing Ø»çùÇë peg [peg] v óó»ñáí ³Ùñ³óÝ»É, ë»å»ñ Ë÷»É.
Ù³ßÏÁ ÏÉåíáõÙ ¿. The paint is ~ off Ü»ñÏÁ ÷Ëμ. ·ÇÝÁ ÝáõÛÝ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÇ íñ³ å³Ñ»É.
peg-top 603 penetrate

~ down a tent ë»å»ñáí/óó»ñáí ³Ýç³ï»É/ ûñ»Ýë·Çñù. ~ servitude ï³Å³Ý³ÏÇñ ³ß-


Ýᯐ ï³ñ³ÍùÁ. ~ out an area íñ³ÝÁ óó»ñáí ˳ï³Ýù:
³Ùñ³óÝ»É, íñ³Ý ¹Ý»É. ~ out/up the washing penalize [΄pi:nəlaiz] v å³ïÅ»É. Ùñ½. ïáõ-
Éí³óùÁ ÷é»É. ~ prices/wages ·Ý»ñÁ, ³ß˳- ·³Ý»É. High prices ~ the poor ÷Ëμ. ´³ñÓñ
ï³í³ñÓÁ ë³é»óÝ»É. ~ away ѳٳé Ï»ñ- ·Ý»ñÁ Ë÷áõÙ »Ý ãáõݨáñÝ»ñÇ ·ñå³ÝÇÝ:
åáí ³ß˳ï»É, ïùÝ»É: penalty [΄penlti] n å³ïÇÅ. Ùñ½. ïáõ·³Ýù,
peg-top [΄pegtɒp] n ÑáÉ: ïáõÛÅ. ~ clause ïáõÛŠݳ˳ï»ëáÕ ¹ñáõÛÃ.
pejorative [pi΄dзɒrətiv] a Ýí³ëï³óáõ- What’s the ~ for this? êñ³Ý DZÝã å³ïÇÅ/
óÇã. ~ meaning É»½í. Ýí³ëï³óáõóÇã ïáõ·³Ýù ¿ ѳÝáõÙ. death ~ ٳѳå³ïÇÅ.
ÇÙ³ëï: ~ area Ùñ½. ïáõ·³Ý³ÛÇÝ Ññ³å³ñ³Ï. ~ kick
Pekinese [‚pi:ki΄ni:z] n ãÇÝ³Ï³Ý Ùáåë: Ùñ½. ïáõ·³Ý³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ñí³Í:
pelf [pelf] n ³ñÑÙ. ÷áÕ, ³Ý³ñ· Ù»ï³Õ: penance [΄penəns] n ³å³ß˳ñ³Ýù, Ù»Õ-
pelican [΄pelikən] n ϻݹ. ÓÏÝÏáõÉ: ù»ñÇ Ëáëïáí³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. do ~ for one’s sins
pelisse [pe΄li:s] n ϳݳóÇ Ùáñû ÃÇÏÝáó: Ù»Õù»ñÁ ù³í»É:
pellet [΄pelit] n ¹»Õ³Ñ³μ. ·Ý¹³Ï, Ïáïáñ³Ï. pen-and-ink [‚penən΄iŋk] a ·ñãáí ³ñí³Í.
a ~ of bread ѳóÇ ·Ý¹ÇÏ: ~ drawings ·ñãáí ³ñí³Í Ýϳñ, ·ñãáí
pell-mell [‚pel΄mel] n ³Ýϳñ· Ó¨áí, ÙÇ Ýϳñí³Í:
Ï»ñå. ˳éÝÇËáõéÝ: penchant [΄pa:ŋ∫a:ŋ] n ѳÏáõÙ áñ¨¿
pellucid [pe΄lu:sid] a ó÷³ÝóÇÏ, å³ñ½, Ù»ÏÇ/μ³ÝÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ:
ѳëϳݳÉÇ: pencil [΄pensl] n Ù³ïÇï. á× (ÝϳñãÇ) lead ~
pelt I [pelt] n ÙáñÃÇ, ϳßÇ: ѳë³ñ³Ï Ù³ïÇï. indelible ~ ùÇÙdzϳÝ
pelt II [pelt] n áõÅ»Õ Ñ³ñí³Í. at full ~ Ù³ïÇï. an eyebrow ~ ÑáÝù»ñÁ Ý»ñÏ»Éáõ
³ÙμáÕç áõÅáí/ó÷áí£ Ù³ïÇï. in ~ Ù³ïÇïáí. a propelling ~ ³í-
pelt [pelt] v Ý»ï»É, ßåñï»É. é½Ù. áõÅ»Õ Ïñ³Ï ïáÙ³ï Ù³ïÇï ~ drawing Ù³ïÇï³Ýϳñ.
μ³ó»É, ·Ý¹³ÏáÍ»É. ~ smb with stones/toma- ~ case ·ñã³ïáõ÷ (å»Ý³É). ~ sharpener Ù³-
toes Ù»ÏÇ íñ³ ù³ñ»ñ/ÉáÉÇÏÝ»ñ ßåñï»É. The ïÇïÇ ëñÇã:
rain was ~ing down Ðáñ¹³é³ï ³ÝÓñ¨ ¿ñ pencil [΄pensl] v ·ñ»É (Ù³ïÇïáí). Ýϳñ»É,
·³ÉÇë. She ~ed past me ËëÏó. ܳ ëɳó³í ëïí»ñ³Ý»ñÏ»É. ~led eyebrows (Ù³ïÇïáí
ÇÙ ÏáÕùáí: Ý»ñϳÍ) Ýáõñμ ·Í³·ñí³Í ÑáÝù»ñ:
peltry [΄peltri] n ÙáñûջÝ: pendant [΄pendənt] n ϳ˳½³ñ¹. ϳ½Ù³-
pen I [pen] n ·ñÇã, ·ñã³Í³Ûñ. ÷Ëμ. á×. ~ and Ù³ÝÛ³Ï. ×ñï. ϳËáíÇ ½³ñ¹³ù³Ý¹³Ï:
ink ·ñ»Ý³Ï³Ý åÇïáõÛùÝ»ñ. fountain ~ ÇÝù- pending [΄pendiŋ] a ãí×éí³Í, ãáñáßí³Í,
ݳÑáë, ball point ~ ·Ý¹Çϳíáñ ·ñÇã. put ~ ³éϳË. a ~ tray (ûýÇëáõÙ) ‘‘ùÝݳñÏÙ³Ý
to paper ëÏë»É ·ñ»É, ·ñ³Ï³Ý ³ß˳ï³Ýùáí ѳٳñ’’ (ÃÕóå³Ý³Ï). ÑÙÏñ·. ~ event
½μ³Õí»É. live by one’s ~ ·ñ³Ï³Ý ³ß˳- Ùß³ÏÙ³Ý ëå³ëáÕ Çñ³¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ in-
ï³Ýùáí ³åñ»É/ѳÛóÛÃ»É Çñ ³åñáõëïÁ. terrupt Ñ»ï³Ó·í³Í ÁݹѳïáõÙ. ~ job
fluent ~ ûè/ë³ÑáõÝ á×. (·ñáÕ) the best ~s ‘’ϳËí³Í’’ ËݹÇñ/³é³ç³¹ñ³Ýù:
of the day ųٳݳϳÏÇó É³í³·áõÛÝ ·ñáÕ- pending [΄pendiŋ] prep ÙÇÝã¨, ÁÝóóùáõÙ.
Ý»ñÁ: ~ their arrival ÙÇÝ㨠Ýñ³Ýó ·³ÉÁ:
pen II [pen] n ·Õï. ÷³ñ³Ë, ³Ý³ëݳÝáó: pendulous [΄pendjuləs] a ϳËí³Í, ϳË.
pen I [pen] v ·ñ»É, ß³ñ³¹ñ»É, ÑáñÇÝ»É. ~ a ×á×íáÕ, ï³ñáõμ»ñíáÕ:
note ÙÇ »ñÏïáÕ ·ñ»É: pendulum [΄pendjuləm] n ×á׳ݳÏ. ×á׳-
pen II [pen] v Ý»ñë ùᯐ (³Ý³ëáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ), ÝÇ (ųٳóáõÛóÇ). ÷Ëμ. ³ÝϳÛáõÝ Ù³ñ¹:
÷³Ï ï»ÕáõÙ å³Ñ»É. ~ sheep áã˳ñÝ»ñÇÝ penetrable [΄penətrəbl] a ó÷³Ýó»ÉÇ, ó-
Ý»ñë ùß»É. feel ~ned ÷Ëμ. Çñ»Ý μ³Ý- ÷³ÝóÇÏ:
ï³ñÏÛ³É ½·³É: penetrate [΄penətreit] v ó÷³Ýó»É, Ý»ñó-
penal [΄pi:nl] a å³ïÅÇã, ï³Å³Ý³ÏÇñ. a ~ ÷³Ýó»É. Ý»ñë ÙïÝ»É, Ùáõïù ·áñÍ»É. A ray
offence å³ïÅ»ÉÇ ½³Ýó³Ýù. ~ law ùñ»³- of light ~d the room/a darkness ÈáõÛëÇ ßáÕÁ
Ï³Ý Çñ³íáõÝù. the P~ code ùñ»³Ï³Ý ó÷³Ýó»ó ë»ÝÛ³Ï/ÙÃáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç. ~ a mys-
penetrating 604 people

tery Ý»ñó÷³Ýó»É ·³ÕïÝÇùÇ Ù»ç. The nee- μáÉáñáíÇÝ, áã ÙÇ Ï³ÃÇÉ. a good/bad ~


dle ~d the skin ²ë»ÕÁ Ùï³í Ù³ßÏÇ Ù»ç. The ɳí/í³ï ·áñͳñù. 2. a ·ñáß³Ýáó, ³ñÅ»ù
troops ~d the town ¼áñù»ñÁ Ý»ñËáõÅ»óÇÝ ãáõÝ»óáÕ:
ù³Õ³ù. (ÁÙμéÝ»É, ѳëϳݳÉ) Your words pension I [΄pen∫n]1. n Ï»Ýë³Ãáß³Ï,
~d him Ò»ñ μ³é»ñÁ ï»Õ ѳë³Ý. Ëáñ ³½- Ýå³ëï. old age/disability Í»ñáõÃÛ³Ý/³Ý-
¹»É, Ñáõ½»É, ѳٳϻÉ: ¹³Ù³ÉáõÛÍÇ Ãáß³Ï. retire on a ~ Ãáß³ÏÇ
penetrating [΄penətreitiŋ] a ó÷³ÝóáÕ, ³ÝóÝ»É. draw a ~ Ãáß³Ï ëï³Ý³É. ~ benefits
Ëáñ³Ã³÷³Ýó. ëñ³Ã³÷³Ýó. ëáõñ, ³Ï³Ýç Ãá߳ϳÛÇÝ ³ñïáÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. ~ fund Ï»Ý-
ͳÏáÕ (Ó³ÛÝ): ë³Ãá߳ϳÛÇÝ ÑÇÙݳ¹ñ³Ù. 2. v ~ off
penetration [‚penə΄trei∫n] n ó÷³Ýó»ÉÇáõ- Ãáß³ÏÇ áõÕ³ñÏ»É:
ÃÛáõÝ, Ëáñ³Ã³÷³ÝóáõÃÛáõÝ. é½Ù. ѳñÓ³- pension II [΄pa:ŋsjɔ:ŋ] n å³ÝëÇáÝ. terms
Ïáõ٠׳ϳïÁ ×»Õù»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí: with full ~ μáÉáñ ͳËë»ñÁ ÉñÇí Áݹ·ñÏí³Í
penfriend [΄penfrend] n ݳٳϳ·ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ »Ý:
ͳÝáÃ. ݳٳϳ·ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÁÝÏ»ñ: pensionary [΄pen∫nəri] a Ï»Ýë³Ãáß³ÏÇ,
penguin [΄peŋgwin] n ϻݹ. è³ï, ³Ýû- Ï»Ýë³Ãá߳ϳÛÇÝ:
íáõÏ, åÇÝ·íÇÝ: pensioner [΄pen∫nə] n Ãá߳ϳéáõ:
penholder [΄penhəuldə] n ·ñã³ÏáÃ: pensive [΄pensiv] a Ùï³ËáÑ, Ùï³½μ³Õ:
peninsula [pə΄ninsjulə] n ûñ³ÏÕ½Ç: pentagon [΄pentəgən] n ÑÝ·³ÝÏÛáõÝ. the P~
peninsular [pə΄ninsjulə] a ûñ³ÏÕ½áõ, ²ØÜ –Ç é³½Ù³Ï³Ý Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ:
ûñ³ÏÕ½³ÛÇÝ: pentathlon [pen΄tæθlɔn] n Ùñ½. ÑÝ·³Ù³ñï,
penitence [΄penitəns] n ½ÕçáõÙ, ³å³ß- ÑÝ·³ÙñóáõÙ:
˳ñ³Ýù: penthouse [΄penthaus] n ²ØÜ. ßù»Õ/ѳ-
penitent [΄penitənt] n, a ½Õç³óáÕ/³å³ß- ñáõëï μݳϳñ³Ý Ó»ÕݳѳñÏáõÙ/ï³ÝÇùÇ
˳ñáÕ Ù»Õ³íáñ. ½Õç³óáÕ, ³å³ß˳ñáÕ: ï³Ï:
penitential [‚peni΄ten∫l] a ³å³ß˳ñáõ- pent-up [‚pent΄Λp] a ½ëåí³Í. ~ fury
ÃÛ³Ý, ³å³ß˳ñ³ÝùÇ, ½ÕçÙ³Ý: ½ëåí³Í ½³ÛñáõÛÃ. be all ~ ËÇëï ɳñí³Í
penitentiary [‚peni΄ten∫əri] n μ³Ýï, áõÕÕÇã ÉÇÝ»É:
ïáõÝ. ï³Å³Ý³ÏñáõÃÛ³Ý μ³Ýï: penultimate [pə΄nΛltimət] a ݳ˳í»ñçÇÝ:
penknife [΄pennaif] n ·ñã³Ñ³ï: penurious [pə΄njuəriəs] a ËÕ×áõÏ, ³Õù³-
pen-name [΄penneim] n (·ñáÕÇ) Ï»ÕͳÝáõÝ, ïÇÏ:
ͳÍϳÝáõÝ: penury [΄penjəri] n ͳÛñ³Ñ»Õ ³Õù³ïáõ-
pennant [΄penənt] n Íáí. å³ïí³¹ñáß, ÃÛáõÝ, ãù³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ:
Ý³í³¹ñáß: peon [pju:n] n μ³ïñ³Ï, ûñ³í³ñÓ Ùß³Ï:
penniless [΄peniləs] a ³Ý÷áÕ, ³é³Ýó peonage [΄pi:ənidз] n μ³ïñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ,
Ïáå»ÏÇ/¹ñ³ÙÇ: ×áñïáõÃÛáõÝ:
penny [΄peni] n å»ÝÝÇ (³Ý·ÉÇ³Ï³Ý Ù»ï³- peony [΄piəni] n μëμ. ù³çí³ñ¹ (åÇáÝ):
Õ³¹ñ³Ù). I haven’t a ~ to my name ¶ñå³- people [΄pi:pl] n Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ. ~ of good will μ³ñÇ
ÝáõÙë ÙÇ ùáé Ïáå»Ï ãϳ. turn/earn an honest ϳÙùÇ ï»ñ Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ. most/some ~ ß³ï/áñáß
~ ³½ÝÇí ³ß˳ï³Ýùáí í³ëï³Ï»É. a pretty Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ. country ~ ·ÛáõÕÇ μݳÏÇãÝ»ñÁ.
~ ÙÇ ½·³ÉÇ ·áõÙ³ñ. Take care of pence and young ~ »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹Ý»ñÁ. all the best ~ ÁÝï-
the pounds will take care of themselves ñÛ³ÉÝ»ñÁ. ~ say (Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ) ³ëáõÙ »Ý. (ÅáÕá-
ÊÝ³Û³Í Ïáå»ÏÁ/ÉáõÙ³Ý éáõμÉÇÝ»ñ/¹ñ³Ù- íáõñ¹) free/independent ~ ³½³ï/³ÝÏ³Ë Åá-
Ý»ñ, ѳ½³ñÝ»ñ Ïμ»ñÇ£ Õáíáõñ¹. a proud ~ Ñå³ñï ÅáÕáíáõñ¹. the
penny-a-liner [‚peniə΄lainə] n í³ñÓáõ English speaking ~s ³Ý·ÉdzËáë ÅáÕáíáõñ¹-
·ñã³Ï: Ý»ñÁ. P~‘s courts ÅáÕáíñ¹³Ï³Ý ¹³ï³ñ³Ý-
penny pinching [΄peni΄pint∫iŋ] a Åɳï, Ý»ñ. (ÁÝï³ÝÇùÇ ³Ý¹³ÙÝ»ñ, ѳñ³½³ï-
·ÍáõÍ: Ý»ñ) His ~ live in London Üñ³ ÍÝáÕÝ»ñÁ
penny-worth, pennyworth [΄penəθ] 1. ³åñáõÙ »Ý ÈáݹáÝáõÙ. (μݳÏãáõÃÛáõÝ) coun-
n ÙÇ å»ÝÝÇÇ ³ñÅáÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ, not a ~ try/town ~ ·ÛáõÕÇ/ù³Õ³ùÇ μݳÏÇãÝ»ñÁ:
people 605 peremptory

people [΄pi:pl] v μݳϻóÝ»É, μݳÏãáõÃÛ³Ùμ perceive [pə΄si:v] v Ýϳï»É. ~ a figure in the


ÉóÝ»É. an island ~d by primitive tribes ݳËݳ- distance Ñ»éíáõÙ Ï»ñå³ñ³Ýù Ýϳï»É. (ÁÙ-
¹³ñÛ³Ý ó»Õ»ñáí μݳϻóí³Í ÏÕ½Ç: μéÝ»É, ÁÝϳɻÉ) ~ one’s mistake ·Çï³Ïó»É
pep [pep] n »é³Ý¹ áõÅ. ~ up Ñá·áõ ³ñÇáõ- Çñ ë˳ÉÁ:
ÃÛáõÝ Ý»ñßÝã»É. put some ~ into the work percent [pə΄sent] n ïáÏáë. three ~ »ñ»ù
³í»ÉÇ »é³Ý¹áõÝ ³ß˳ï»É. ~ pills Ëó- ïáÏáë. in ten ~ of such cases ³ÛëåÇëÇ
ÝÇã/»é³Ý¹, áõÅ ïíáÕ Ñ³μ»ñ: ¹»åù»ñÇ ï³ëÁ ïáÏáëÁ. a discount of five ~
pepper [΄pepə] n åÕå»Õ, ï³ù¹»Õ, μÇμ³ñ. ÑÇÝ· ïáÏáë ·Ý»ñÇ Çç»óáõÙ/½»Õç:
÷Ëμ. ÏÍíáõÃÛáõÝ. stuffed ~ ÉóáÝ³Í åÕå»Õ. percentage [pə΄sentidз] n ïáÏáë, ïáÏáë³-
put too much ~ ã³÷Çó ³í»ÉÇ ß³ï åÕå»Õ ÛÇÝ Ñ³ñ³μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. what ~ of wool? ù³ÝDZ
·ó»É£ ïáÏáë μáõñ¹. a high ~ of profits ß³ÑáõÛÃÇ
pepper [΄pepə] v åÕå»Õ»É. ó÷»É, ß³Õ Ù»Í ïáÏáë:
ï³É. ~ smb with questions ÷Ëμ. ѳñó»ñÇ perceptible [pə΄septəbl] a Ýϳï»ÉÇ, ßáß³-
ï³ñ³÷ ï»Õ³É. The article ~ed with quota- ÷»ÉÇ, ½·³ÉÇ. ׳ݳã»ÉÇ, ÁÝϳɻÉÇ The
tions Ðá¹í³ÍáõÙ ß³ï Ù»çμ»ñáõÙÝ»ñ ϳÛÇÝ: sound was scarcely ~ Ò³ÛÝÁ ѳ½Çí ¿ñ ÁÝϳÉ-
pepper-and-salt [‚peprən΄sɔ:lt] n Ùáõ· áõ íáõÙ. ~ improvement ½·³ÉÇ μ³ñ»É³íáõÙ:
μ³ó ûɻñÇó ÑÛáõë³Í ·áñÍí³Íù. ÷Ëμ. perception [pə΄sep∫n] n ÁÝϳÉáõÙ, ׳ݳ-
³É»Ë³éÝ (Ù³½»ñ): ãáõÙ, ÇÙ³óáõÃÛáõÝ:
pepper-box [΄pepəbɒks], pepper-castor perceptive [pə΄septiv] a ÁÝϳÉáÕ, ׳ݳãáÕ
[΄pepə‚ka:stə] n åÕå»Õ³Ù³Ý: ÁÙμéÝáÕ:
peppercorn [΄pepəkɔ:n] n åÕå»Õ³Ñ³ï: perch [pə:t∫] n å»ñÏ»ë (ÓáõÏ):
peppermill [΄pepəmil] n åÕå»Õ³Õ³ó: perch [pə:t∫] n óé (ѳí»ñÇ). ÷Ëμ.
peppermint [΄pepəmint] n μëμ. ³Ý³ÝáõË. μ³ñÓñ/ѳëï³ïáõÝ ¹Çñù. Come off your ~
³Ý³ÝáõËáí ÃËí³Íù: ØÇ »ñ¨³Ï³ÛÇñ. knock smb off his ~ Ù»ÏÇÝ Çñ
pepper-pot [pepəpɔt] n ï»°ë pepper- ï»ÕÁ óáõÛó ï³É:
box: perch [pə:t∫] v μ³ñÓñ ï»ÕáõÙ/μ³ñÓñáõÃÛ³Ý
peppery [΄pepəri] a åÕå»Õ³Í, ÏÍáõ. ÷Ëμ. íñ³ ·ïÝí»É. a castle ~ed on top μ³ñ-
μéÝÏíáÕ, ¹Ûáõñ³μáñμáù. a ~ old man Ù³Õ- ÓáõÝùáõÙ ·ïÝíáÕ ³Ùñáó. (óé»É, ×ÛáõÕÇ
Óáï/ÃáõÝáï Í»ñáõÏ: íñ³ Ýëï»É) The birds ~ed on wires ÂéãáõÝ-
peppy [΄pepi] a ËëÏó. »é³Ý¹áõÝ, ³ßËáõÛÅ, Ý»ñÁ óé»É ¿ÇÝ É³ñ»ñÇ íñ³:
ÏÛ³Ýùáí ÉÇ: perchance [pə΄t∫a:ns] adv ѳí³Ý³μ³ñ,
peptic [΄peptik] a Ù³ñëáճϳÝ, Ù³ñëáÕáõ- ·áõó»:
ÃÛ³Ý Ýå³ëïáÕ: percolate [΄pə:kəleit] v ù³Ù»É. ýÇÉïñ»É. ~
peptalk [΄peptɔ:k] n ËëÏó. The teacher gave coffee ëáõñ×Á ù³ÙÇãáí »÷»É:
us a ~ àõëáõóÇãÁ ÷áñÓáõÙ ¿ñ Ù»½ ³ßËáõ- percolator [΄pə:kəleitə] n ù³ÙÇã, ýÇÉïñ.
ųóÝ»É: ù³ÙÇãáí ëñ׳ٳÝ:
per [pə:] prep ÙÇçáóáí. ~ post/steamer ÷áë- percussion [pə΄kΛ∫n] n ѳñí³Í, μ³ËáõÙ.
ïáí, ß᷻ݳíáí. (Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ, ³Ù»Ý μÅßÏ. Ù³ïݳμ³ËáõÙ, å»ñÏáõëdz the ~
ÙÇ) ~ day/week ûñ³Ï³Ý, ß³μ³Ã³Ï³Ý. cost »ñÅß. ѳñí³Í³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍÇùÝ»ñ. ~ player
~ head Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñÇÝ ÁÝÏÝáÕ ³ñÅ»ùÁ. ~ ѳñí³Í³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍÇùÝ»ñÇ íñ³ Ýí³·áÕ:
capita Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ/³Ù»Ý ÙÇ ßÝãÇÝ. (Áëï, percussive [pə΄kΛsiv] a ѳñí³ÍáÕ,
ѳٳӳÛÝ) as ~ instructions ѳٳӳÛÝ/Áëï μ³Ë³Ï³Ý:
Ññ³Ñ³Ý·Ç. as ~ usual Áëï ëáíáñ³Ï³ÝÇ: perdition [pə΄di∫n] n ݽáíù, ÏáñͳÝáõÙ:
peradventure [pərəd΄vent∫ə] n ³ÝѳÛ- perdu(e) [pə:΄dju:] a óùÝí³Í. lie ~
ïáõÃÛáõÝ, ϳëϳÍ, ϳëϳͻÉÇ ÷³ëï: ¹³ñ³ÝáõÙ å³éÏ»É. óùÝí»É:
perambulator [pə΄ræmbjuleitə] n (Ïñ×. perdurable [pə΄djuərəbl] a ã³÷³½³Ýó
pram) Ù³ÝÏ³Ï³Ý ë³ÛɳÏ: ¹ÇÙ³óÏáõÝ, ѳíÇï»Ý³Ï³Ý, Ùßï³Ï³Ý:
perceivable [pə΄si:vəbl] a Ýϳï»ÉÇ, ßáß³- peremptory [pə΄remptri] a ³Ý³é³ñÏ»ÉÇ,
÷»ÉÇ, ½·³ÉÇ: Ññ³Ù³Û³Ï³Ý, ïÇñ³Ï³Ý:
perennial 606 periodical

perennial [pə΄reniəl] n μëμ. μ³½Ù³ÙÛ³ has ~ed all over the country ܳ ѳٻñ·Ý»ñáí
μáõÛë. ÷Ëμ. ѳíÇï»Ý³Ï³Ý, ³Ýóé³Ù. ~ ßñç»ó ³ÙμáÕç »ñÏñáí Ù»Ï:
subject of debate ùÝݳñÏÙ³Ý Ùßï³Ï³Ý performance [pə΄fɔ:məns] n ·áñÍáÕáõ-
ûٳ: ÃÛáõÝ, ³ñ³ñù. óïñ. Ý»ñϳ۳óáõÙ. »ÉáõÛÃ.
perfect [΄pə:fikt] n ù»ñ. å»ñý»Ïï. the ~ tense ϳï³ñáõÙ. the first ~ of a symphony
í³Õ³Ï³ï³ñ Ó¨: ëÇÙýáÝdzÛÇ ³é³çÇÝ Ï³ï³ñáõÙÁ. No ~
perfect [΄pə:fikt] a ϳï³ñí³Í, ϳï³ñÛ³É, tonight ²Ûëûñ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõÙ ãϳ. be satisfied
³í³ñïáõÝ. a ~ stranger ÉñÇí ûï³ñ³Ï³Ý. with the car’s ~ ³íïáÙ»ù»Ý³ÛÇ ³ß˳ï³Ý-
speak ~ French ³ÝûñÇ ýñ³Ýë»ñ»Ý Ëáë»É. a ùÇó ·áÑ ÉÇÝ»É. The team put up a good ~
~ wife ǹ»³É³Ï³Ý ÏÇÝ. a ~ copy ×ß·ñÇï ËëÏó. ÂÇÙÁ ɳí Ë³Õ óáõÛó ïí»ó. part ~ (of
å³ï×»Ý. The weather was ~ ºÕ³Ý³ÏÁ Ñdz- a conract) Ù³ëݳÏÇ Ï³ï³ñáõÙ (å³ÛÙ³-
ݳÉÇ ¿ñ. We had a ~ day ÐdzݳÉÇ ûñ ³Ýó- ݳ·ñÇ):
ϳóñÇÝù. ~ nonsense μ³ó³ñÓ³Ï ÑÇÙ³ñáõ- performer [pə΄fɔ:mə] n ϳï³ñáÕ (¹»ñ³-
ÃÛáõÝ. ~ silence ϳï³ñÛ³É ÉéáõÃÛáõÝ: ë³Ý, »ñ³ÅÇßï ¨ ³ÛÉÝ). The ~s were tired
perfect [pə΄fekt] v ϳï³ñ»É³·áñÍ»É, γï³ñáÕÝ»ñÁ Ñá·Ý»É ¿ÇÝ:
μ³ñ»É³í»É. ³í³ñï»É, í»ñç³óÝ»É. I’m try- performing [pə΄fɔ:miŋ] a ϳï³ñáÕ. ~ ani-
ing to ~ my language öáñÓáõÙ »Ù É»½áõë mals í³ñÅ»óí³Í ϻݹ³ÝÇÝ»ñ:
ϳï³ñ»É³·áñÍ»É: perfume [΄pə:fju:m] 1. n μáõñÙáõÝù, ³Ýáõ-
perfection [pə΄fek∫n] n ϳï³ñ»É³·áñÍáõÙ. ß³ÑáïáõÃÛáõÝ. å³ñýÛáõÙ, ûͳݻÉÇù. the ~
ϳï³ñ»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ. ³í³ñïáõÙ, ³í³ñï»ÉÁ. of lilac Û³ë³Ù³ÝÇ μáõñÙáõÝùÁ. a bottle of ~
~s ³ñųÝÇùÝ»ñ, ϳï³ñ»ÉáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. play ÙÇ ëñí³Ï ûͳݻÉÇù. 2. v ûͳݻÉÇù ó³Ý»É,
the piano to ~ ÑdzݳÉÇ ¹³ßݳÙáõñ Ýí³·»É: ³Ýáõß³μáõÛñ Ñ»ÕáõÏ ëñëÏ»É:
perfectionist [pə΄fek∫nist] n ³Ù»Ý ÇÝãáõÙ perfumer [pə΄fju:mə] n ûͳݻÉÇù å³ï-
ϳï³ñ»ÉáõÃÛ³Ý Ó·ïáÕ Ù³ñ¹: ñ³ëïáÕ/í³×³éáÕ. å³ñýÛáõÙ»ñ:
perfectly [΄pə:fiktli] adv ϳï³ñ»É³å»ë, perfunctory [pə΄fΛŋktri] a ³Ý÷áõÛÃ, ٳϻ-
ÉñÇí, ÉÇáíÇÝ, ·»ñ³½³Ýó act the part ~ ¹»ñÁ ñ»ë³ÛÇÝ, ³Ýáõß³¹Çñ£
Ñá۳ϳå ϳï³ñ»É. ~ happy ϳï³ñÛ³É perhaps [pə΄hæps, pər΄æps] adv ·áõó»,
»ñç³ÝÇÏ. You’re ~ right ¸áõù ÉÇáíÇÝ ×Çßï ѳí³Ý³μ³ñ. P~ so γñáÕ ¿ å³ï³Ñ»É:
»ù: peril [΄perəl] n íï³Ý·, éÇëÏ. in ~ íï³Ý·Ç
perfidious [pə΄fidəs] a ¹³í³×³Ý³Ï³Ý, Ù»ç. in ~ of life ÏÛ³ÝùÁ íï³Ý·Ç »ÝóñÏ»-
áõËï³¹ñáõÅ: Éáí. at the ~ of íï³Ý·Ç ·Ýáí:
perfidy [΄pə:fədi] n ¹³í³×³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, perilous [΄perələs] a íï³Ý·³íáñ, éÇëÏáï:
áõËï³¹ñÅáõÃÛáõÝ: period [΄piəriəd] n ßñç³Ý, ųٳݳϳ-
perforate [΄pə:fəreit] v ·³ÛÉÇÏáÝáí ͳϻÉ, ßñç³Ý. ųٳݳϳÙÇçáó, ¿åá˳. ¹åñ.
ß³Õ³÷»É. a ~d ulcer μÅßÏ. å³ïéí³Í/ͳÏ- ¹³ë. ù»ñ. ݳ˳¹³ëáõÃÛáõÝ, å³ñμ»ñáõ-
í³Í Ëáó: ÃÛáõÝ. the postwar ~ Ñ»ïå³ï»ñ³½ÙÛ³Ý
perforation [‚pə:fə΄rei∫n] n ·³ÛÉÇÏáÝáí ųٳݳϳßñç³Ý. a painting of the early ~
ͳϻÉÁ, ³Ýóù»ñ μ³Ý³ÉÁ. μÅßÏ. ͳÏáõÙ, í³Õ ßñç³ÝÇ Ýϳñ. for a ~ of three months
å³ïéí»ÉÁ: »ñ»ù ³Ùëí³ ÁÝóóùáõÙ. for a short ~ ϳñ×
perforce [pə΄fɔ:s] adv ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï³μ³ñ, ųٳݳϳÙÇçáóáõÙ. a trial ~ ÷áñÓݳϳÝ
μéÝÇ, ϳٳ-³Ï³Ù³£ ųٳݳϳßñç³Ý. ~ of validity ·áñͳÍ-
perform [pə΄fɔ:m] v ϳï³ñ»É, Ý»ñϳ۳ó- Ù³Ý/û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý Å³ÙÏ»ïÁ ~ furniture
Ý»É. ~ one’s task ³é³ç³¹ñ³ÝùÁ ϳï³ñ»É. Ùá¹³ÛÇÏ Ï³ÑáõÛù. (í»ñç³Ï»ï) put a ~ to
~ an experiment ÷áñÓ ³ÝóϳóÝ»É. ~ an oper- í»ñç³Ï»ï ¹Ý»É:
ation μÅßÏ. íÇñ³Ñ³ïáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³ï³ñ»É. perimeter [pə΄rimitə] n ×ñïñ. å³ñ³·ÇÍ,
óïñ., »ñÅß. ˳ճÉ, ϳï³ñ»É. The or- ßñç³Ï³Ûù:
chestra is ~ing Schubert Üí³·³ËáõÙμÁ periodic [‚piəri΄ɒdik] a å³ñμ»ñ³Ï³Ý,
Þáõμ»ñï ¿ ϳï³ñáõÙ. They are ~ing Othello å³ñμ»ñ³μ³ñ ϳï³ñíáÕ, óÇÏɳÛÇÝ:
tonight ²Ûëûñ úûÉÉá »Ý Ý»ñϳ۳óÝáõÙ. He periodical [‚piəri΄ɒdikl]1. n å³ñμ»ñ³Ï³Ý
peripheral 607 pernicious

Ù³ÙáõÉ. 2. a å³ñμ»ñ³Ï³Ý, å³ñμ»ñ³μ³ñ ë³éݳٳÝÇù/ë³éáõÛó:


ÉáõÛë ï»ëÝáÕ: permanence [΄pə:mənəns] n Ùßï³Ï³Ýáõ-
peripheral [pə΄rifrəl] a ͳÛñ³Ù³ë³ÛÇÝ, ÃÛáõÝ, ѳñ³ï¨áõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ý÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝ:
·³í³é³Ï³Ý. ÑÙÏñ·. ³ñï³ùÇÝ ë³ñù³íá- permanent [΄pə:mənənt] a Ùßï³Ï³Ý,
ñáõÙ. ~ bound program ³ñï³ùÇÝ ë³ñùÇ ³Ý÷á÷áË, ѳñ³ï¨. ~ job/address Ùßï³-
Ñ»ï ϳåí³Í Íñ³·Çñ. ~ controller ³ñ- Ï³Ý ³ß˳ï³Ýù/ѳëó». a ~ solution of the
ï³ùÇÝ ë³ñùÇ ëïáõ·Çã. ~ computer ³ñï³- problem ѳñóÇ í»ñçÝ³Ï³Ý ÉáõÍáõÙ. a ~
ùÇÝ ë³ñùÁ ջϳí³ñáÕ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Çã: wave Ù³½»ñÇ ·³Ý·ñ³óáõÙ, å»ñٳݻÝï:
periphery [pə΄rifəri] n ßñç³·ÇÍ, ٳϻ- permanently [΄pə:mənəntli] adv Ùßï³å»ë,
ñ»ë³Ù»ñÓ Ù³ë. ͳÛñ³Ù³ë, ·³í³é: ³Ý÷á÷áË Ï»ñåáí. We live here ~ Ø»Ýù
periphrastic [‚peri΄fræstik] a ßñç³ë³Ï³Ý, Ùßï³å»ë ³Ûëï»Õ »Ýù ³åñáõÙ. He’s ~
³Ûɳμ³Ý³Ï³Ý: drunk ܳ ÙÇßï ѳñμ³Í ¿:
periscope [΄periskəup] n ßñç³¹Çï³Ï, permeable [΄pə:miəbl] a ó÷³Ýó»ÉÇ,
å»ñÇëÏáå: çñ³Ã³÷³Ýó»ÉÇ:
perish [΄peri∫] v ÏáñͳÝí»É, Ù»éÝ»É, ½áÑí»É. permeate [΄pə:mieit] v ³ÝóÝ»É, Ý»ñó÷³Ý-
~ in the war/earthquake å³ï»ñ³½ÙáõÙ/»ñÏ- ó»É, Ý»ñÍÍí»É (Ñ»ÕáõÏ). ï³ñ³Íí»É (Ñáï,
ñ³ß³ñÅÇó ½áÑí»É. be ~ed with cold ËëÏó. Ùïù»ñ). Water ~s sand ²í³½Á Ý»ñÍÍáõÙ ¿
óñïÇó ï³é³å»É. P~ the thought ! ÷Ëμ., çáõñÁ. The smell ~d the room ÐáïÁ Ý»ñ-
ÏïÏ. ²ëïí³Í ÙÇ° ³ñ³ëó». (Çñ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ) ó÷³Ýó»ó ë»ÝÛ³Ï:
The tyre has ~ed ²Ýí³¹áÕÁ Ù³ßí»É ¿. The permissible [pə΄misəbl] a ÃáõÛɳïñ»ÉÇ.
wool has ~ed ´áõñ¹Á Ù³ßí»É ¿: Such conduct is not ~ ²ÛëåÇëÇ í³ñù³·ÇÍÁ
perishable [΄peri∫əbl]1. n ßáõï ÷ã³óáÕ/áã ÃáõÛɳïñ»ÉÇ ã¿:
¹ÇÙ³óÏáõÝ áõï»ÉÇù/³åñ³Ýù. 2. a ³Ýϳ- permission [pə΄mi∫n] n ÃáõÛÉïíáõÃÛáõÝ,
ÛáõÝ, áã ¹ÇÙ³óÏáõÙ, ßáõï ÷ã³óáÕ: ÃáõÛɳïñáõÙ. written ~ ·ñ³íáñ ÃáõÛÉïíáõ-
perishing [΄peri∫iŋ] a ËëÏó. ë³ëïÇÏ óáõñï. ÃÛáõÝ. with your ~ Ó»ñ ÃáõÛÉïíáõÃÛ³Ùμ:
It’s ~ here ²Ñ³íáñ óáõñï ¿ ³Ûëï»Õ. I’m ~ permissive [pə΄misiv] a ÃáõÛɳïñ»ÉÇ, ÃáõÛÉ
ÈñÇí ë³é»É/÷³Ûï³ó»É »Ù: ïñíáÕ. ~ society ³½³ï μ³ñù»ñÇ Ñ³ë³ñ³-
peritonitis [‚peritəu΄naitis] n μÅßÏ. áñá- ÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
í³ÛݳóճÝÃÇ μáñμáùáõÙ. å»ñÇïáÝÇï: permit [΄pə:mit] n ÃáõÛÉïíáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ýó³-
periwig [΄periwig] n Ï»ÕͳÙ, å³ñÇÏ: ·Çñ. an import ~ Ý»ñÙáõÍÙ³Ý ÃáõÛÉïíáõ-
perjure [΄pə:dзə] v ~ oneself »ñ¹Ùݳ½³Ýó ÃÛáõÝ. You can’t enter without ~ ²é³Ýó ³Ý-
ÉÇÝ»É. Ï»ÕÍ íϳÛáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É: ó³·ñÇ Ý»ñë ãÇ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ÙïÝ»É:
perjurer [΄pə:dзərə] n »ñ¹Ùݳ½³Ýó, ëáõï permit [pə΄mit] v Çñ³íáõÝù /ÃáõÛÉ ï³É,
íϳ, áõËï³¹ñáõÅ: ÃáõÛɳïñ»É. The doctor doesn’t ~ him ´ÅÇßÏÁ
perjury [΄pə:dзəri] n »ñ¹Ùݳ½³ÝóáõÃÛáõÝ, Ýñ³Ý ÃáõÛÉ ãÇ ï³ÉÇë. ~ oneself the luxury of
ëáõï íϳÛáõÃÛáõÝ, áõËï³¹ñÅáõÃÛáõÝ: Çñ»Ý áñ¨¿ μ³Ý ÃáõÛÉ ï³É. The public is not
perk [pə:k] n ËëÏó. (Ïñ×. perquisite-Çó) ~ted ÃáõÛÉ ãÇ ïñíáõÙ. weather ~ting »Ã» »Õ³-
³é³í»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ. one of the ~s of the job ³ß- ݳÏÁ ÃáõÛÉ ï³/ɳíÁ ÉÇÝÇ The situation ~s of
˳ï³ÝùÇ ³é³í»ÉáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó Ù»ÏÁ: no delay Æñ³íÇ׳ÏÁ å³Ñ³ÝçáõÙ ¿ ³Ýѳ-
perk [pə:k] v ³ßËáõųݳÉ, ϻݹ³Ý³Ý³É, å³Õ ·áñÍ»É:
ϻݹ³ÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ Éóí»É. ~ up ùÇÃÁ ïÝÏ»É, permittance [pə΄mitəns] n ÃáõÛÉïíáõÃÛáõÝ.
·ÉáõËÁ μ³ñÓñ å³Ñ»É. She ~ed up when she ¿É. ѳÕáñ¹³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
saw us Ø»½ ï»ëÝ»Éáí ݳ ³ßËáõųó³í permutation [‚pə:mju΄tei∫n] n Ù³Ã. ï»Õ³-
Business is ~ing up ¶áñÍ»ñÁ ѳçáÕ »Ý ·ÝáõÙ: ÷áËáõÃÛáõÝ:
perky [΄pə:ki] a áõñ³Ë, ³ßËáõÛÅ. ÇÝùݳ- pernicious [pə΄ni∫əs] a íݳë³Ï³ñ, Ïáñͳ-
íëï³Ñ, ѳݹáõ·Ý: ݳñ³ñ, ã³ñáñ³Ï. ~ habit íݳë³Ï³ñ ëáíá-
perm [pə:m] n ËëÏó. Ù³½»ñÇ ·³Ý·ñ³óáõÙ. ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ influence Ïáñͳݳñ³ñ ³½¹»-
have a ~ Ù³½»ñÁ ·³Ý·ñ³óÝ»É: óáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ anaemia μÅßÏ. ã³ñáñ³Ï ³ñÛ³Ý
permafrost [΄pə:məfrɒst] n ѳí»ñÅ³Ï³Ý å³Ï³ëáõÃÛáõÝ:
pernickety 608 personal

pernickety [pə΄nikəti] a ËëÏó. ¹Åí³ñ³- perseverance [‚pə:si΄viərəns] n ѳٳéáõ-


ѳ×, ùٳѳ×. ãٳѳí³Ý. very ~ in one’s ÃÛáõÝ, ѳëï³ï³Ï³ÙáõÃÛáõÝ:
food/clothes áõï»ÉÇùÇ/ѳ·áõëïÇ Ýϳï- persevere [‚pə:si΄viə] v ѳٳéáõÃÛáõÝ/ѳë-
Ù³Ùμ ùٳѳ×/¹Åí³ñ³Ñ³×: ï³ï³Ï³ÙáõÃÛáõÝ Ñ³Ý¹»ë μ»ñ»É. You have
perorate [΄perəreit] v ׳é»É, ׳é³Ëáë»É: to ~ ä»ïù ¿ ѳٳéáñ»Ý ß³ñáõݳϻÉ:
peroration [‚perə΄rei∫n] n ٻͳËáëáõÃÛáõÝ, persevering [‚pə:si΄viəriŋ] a ѳٳé, ѳ-
׳ٳñï³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ: ï³ï³Ï³Ù:
peroxide [pə΄rɒksaid] n ùÇÙ. ·»ñûùëǹ, persist [pə΄sist] v ѳٳé»É. ß³ñáõݳϻÉ. ¹Ç-
å»ñûùëǹ: ٳݳÉ, å³Ñå³Ýí»É. If you ~ in doing this
perpendicular [‚pə:pən΄dikjulə]1. n áõÕÕ³- ºÃ» ѳٳé»ë/ß³ñáõÝ³Ï»ë ³Û¹ ³Ý»É. ~ in
ѳ۳ó, áõÕճɳñ. ËëÏó. ϳݷݳÍ/áïùÇ Ñ³Ù³éáñ»Ý ß³ñáõݳϻÉ. If the rain ~s ºÃ»
íñ³ áõï»ÉÁ. out of ~ áã áõÕճѳ۳ó, áã ³ÝÓñ¨Á ß³ñáõݳÏíÇ£
áõÕÇÕ ³ÝÏÛ³Ý ï³Ï. 2. a áõÕճѳ۳ó, persistence [pə΄sistəns] n ѳٳéáõÃÛáõÝ,
áõÕÕ³ÓÇ·: ѳëï³ï³Ï³ÙáõÃÛáõÝ. show ~ ѳëï³ï³-
perpetrate [΄pə:pətreit] v ·áñÍ»É, ϳï³- ϳÙáõÃÛáõÝ óáõó³μ»ñ»É:
ñ»É. ~ a crime/blunder ѳÝó³Ýù ·áñÍ»É, persistent [pə΄sistənt] a ѳٳé, ѳëï³-
ëË³É ³Ý»É/ϳï³ñ»É: ï³Ï³Ù. ϳÛáõÝ, ¹ÇÙ³óÏáõÝ. ѳñ³ï¨,
perpetrator [΄pə:pətreitə] n ѳÝó³·áñÍ, Ùßï³Ï³Ý. He’s very ~ ܳ ß³ï Ñ³Ù³é ¿. ~
á×ñ³·áñÍ: demands ѳٳé å³Ñ³ÝçÝ»ñ. ~ rain ß³ñáõ-
perpetual [pə΄pet∫juəl] a ѳí»ñųϳÝ, ѳ- ݳÏíáÕ/³Ý¹³¹³ñ ³ÝÓñ¨. a ~ pain/cough
ñ³ï¨. ³Ýí»ñç. ËëÏó. Ùßï³Ï³Ý, ³Ý¹³- ³ÝÁݹѳï ãÃáõɳóáÕ ó³í/ã¹³¹³ñáÕ
¹³ñ. ~ motion ѳí»ñÅ³Ï³Ý ß³ñÅáõÙ. ~ ѳ½:
anxiety ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï ³ÝѳݷëïáõÃÛáõÝ/ person [΄pə:sn] n Ù³ñ¹, ³ÝÓ, ³ÝÓݳíáñáõ-
ﳷݳå: ÃÛáõÝ. ù»ñ. ¹»Ùù. young/nice/unpleasant/re-
perpetually [pə΄pet∫juəli] adv Ùßï³å»ë, served ~ »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹/ѳ׻ÉÇ/ïѳ×/½áõëå
ѳí»ñÅáñ»Ý. ³ÝÁݹѳï. They’re ~ qua- ³ÝÓݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ. nice/lovely/fine ѳ׻ÉÇ/
relling Üñ³Ýù ³Ý¹³¹³ñ ÏéíáõÙ »Ý: ëÇñáõÝÇÏ/·»Õ»óÇÏ ³ÝÓ. legal ~ Çñ³í³μ³-
perpetuate [pə΄pet∫jueit] v ѳí»ñųóÝ»É: Ý³Ï³Ý ³ÝÓ. natural ~ ýǽÇÏ³Ï³Ý ³ÝÓ a
perpetuity [‚pə:pə΄tju:əti] n ѳí»ñÅáõÃÛáõÝ, very important ~ (Ïñ×. VIP) ß³ï ϳñ¨áñ
ѳíÇï»Ý³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. in ~ ÁݹÙÇßï. ѳ- ³ÝÓ. in ~, in one’s own ~ ³ÝÓ³Ùμ, ÇÝùÁ. not
í»ñÅ. right of ownership in ~ Çñ³í. óÙ³Ñ û·- a single ~ áã Ù»ÏÁ, áã áù. in the ~ of Ç ¹»Ùë,
ï³·áñÍ»Éáõ Çñ³íáõÝù: displaced ~ μݳϳ÷áË/ѳÛñ»Ý³÷áË ³ñ-
perplex [pə΄pleks] v ³åß»óÝ»É, ßí³ñ»óÝ»É. í³Í ³ÝÓ. accept the ~ of, accept ~s ³ã³éáõ/
ÙáÉáñ»óÝ»É. ß÷áûóÝ»É. ï³ñ³Ïáõë»É: ÏáÕÙݳå³Ñ ÉÇÝ»É:
perplexed [pə΄plekst] a ßí³ñ³Í, ß÷áÃí³Í. personable [΄pə:snəbl] a í³Û»Éã³ï»ë,
thoroughly ~ ÉñÇí ß÷áÃí³Í/ßí³ñ³Í£ å³ïϳé»ÉÇ:
perplexing [pə΄pleksiŋ] a ³åß»óáõóÇã, ß÷á- personage [΄pə:snidз] n Ý߳ݳíáñ ³ÝÓݳ-
ûóÝáÕ. It’s all very ~ ²Û¹ μáÉáñÁ ËÇëï íáñáõÃÛáõÝ/³ÝÓ. ³Ýѳï. ·áñÍáÕ ³ÝÓ:
Ùï³Ñá·Çã/ï³ñ³ÏáõëÇã ¿: personal [΄pə:snəl] a ³ÝÓݳϳÝ, ³Ýѳï³-
perplexity [pə΄pleksəti] n ß÷áÃí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, ϳÝ. Ù³ëݳíáñ, ~ example/contribution/re-
ï³ñ³Ïáõë³Ýù. be in ~ ï³ñ³Ïáõë»É. look sponsibility/letter/experience ³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý ûñÇ-
in ~ ï³ñ³Ïáõë³Ýùáí ݳۻÉ: ݳÏ/Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ/å³ï³ë˳ݳïíáõÃÛáõÝ/
persecute [΄pə:sikju:t] v Ñ»ï³åݹ»É, ѳ- ݳٳÏ/÷áñÓ. ~ property ³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý ë»÷³-
ɳͻÉ. ݻջÉ, Ó³ÝÓñ³óÝ»É: ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ß³ñÅ³Ï³Ý ·áõÛù. ~ car ³ÝÓ-
persecution [‚pə:si΄kju:∫n] n ѳɳÍáõÙ, Ý³Ï³Ý Ù»ù»Ý³. a ~ matter ³ÝÓݳϳÝ
Ñ»ï³åݹáõÙ. ~ mania/complex Ñ»ï³- ѳñó. become ~ ³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý íÇñ³íáñ³Ýù
åÝ¹Ù³Ý Ùáɳ·³ñáõÃÛáõÝ: ѳëóÝ»É. make ~ remarks ³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý íÇñ³-
persecutor [΄pə:sikju:tə] n ѳɳÍÇã, Ñ»- íáñ³Ýù ѳëóÝ»É:
ï³åݹáÕ: personal [΄pə:snəl] n ³Ù. Éñ³·ñ³ÛÇÝ ÷áù-
personality 609 pesticide

ñÇÏ Ñá¹í³Í (áñ¨¿ Ù»ÏÇ Ù³ëÇÝ)£ pert [pə:t] a ѳݹáõ·Ý, ѳٳñÓ³Ï, ãù³ß-
personality [‚pə:sə΄næləti] n ³Ýѳï, ³Ý- íáÕ:
ѳï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. a striking ~ Ñ»ï³ùñùÇñ pertain [pə΄tein] v í»ñ³μ»ñ»É, ϳå áõÝ»-
³Ýѳï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. a split ~ »ñϳïí³Í ݳÉ. å³ïϳݻÉ. The documents ~ to this case
³ÝÓݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ. ѳϳë³Ï³Ý μݳíá- ö³ëï³ÃÕûñÁ í»ñ³μ»ñáõÙ »Ý ³Ûë ¹»å-
ñáõÃÛáõÝ. His ~ is seen/felt in his painting Üñ³ ùÇÝ/ϳåí³Í »Ý ³Ûë ¹»åùÇ Ñ»ï:
³Ýѳï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ½·³óíáõÙ ¿ Çñ pertinacious [‚pə:ti΄nei∫əs] a ϳٳÏáñ,
ÝϳñÝ»ñáõÙ: ѳٳé:
personally [΄pə:snəli] adv ³ÝÓ³Ùμ, ³ÝÓݳ- pertinent [΄pə:tinənt] a ï»ÕÇÝ, ѳñÙ³ñ. a
å»ë. take smth ~ Çñ ѳßíÇÝ/íñ³ í»ñóݻɣ ~ remark ï»ÕÇÝ ¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. That’s scar-
personify [pə΄sɒnifai] v ³ÝÓݳíáñ»É, Ù³ñÙ- cely ~ to the matter ¸³ ѳ½Çí û í»ñ³μ»ñÇ
ݳíáñ»É. ~ various vices ï³ñμ»ñ ³ñ³ïÝ»ñ ·áñÍÇÝ:
Ù³ñÙݳíáñ»É. a good nature personified ÇÝùÁ perturb [pə΄tə:b] v ³Ýѳݷuï³óÝ»É, Ëéá-
μ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ñÙݳíáñáõÙ: í»É, íñ¹áí»É. No need to get ~ed γñÇù ãϳ
personification [pə‚sɒnifi΄kei∫n] n ³ÝÓݳ- ³Ýѳݷëï³Ý³É:
íáñáõÙ, Ù³ñÙݳíáñáõÙ: peruke [pə΄ru:k] n Ï»ÕͳÙ, å³ñÇÏ:
personnel [‚pə:sə΄nel] n ³ÝÓݳϳ½Ù, ³ß- perusal [pə΄ru:zl] n ÁÝûñóáõÙ. (¹³Ý¹³Õ ¨
˳ï³Ï³½Ù, ϳ¹ñ»ñ. ~ department ϳ¹ñ»- áõß³¹Çñ) ϳñ¹³ÉÁ. It’s for your ~ ¸³ ùá
ñÇ/³ß˳ï³Ï³½ÙÇ μ³ÅÇÝ. ~ manager ϳ¹- ϳñ¹³ÉáõÝ Ñ³ñÙ³ñ ¿:
ñ»ñÇ μ³ÅÝÇ å»ï: pervade [pə΄veid] v ÉóÝ»É, ѳ·»óÝ»É. ï³-
perspective [pə΄spektiv] n Ñ»é³Ýϳñ. ñ³Íí»É. å³ñáõñ»É. a strange smell ~d the flat
å³ïÏ»ñ, ï»ë³ñ³Ý. out of ~ Ñ»é³ÝϳñÁ ´Ý³Ï³ñ³ÝáõÙ ï³ñ³Íí»ó ÙÇ ï³ñûñÇݳÏ
˳Ëïí³Í. get into ~ ¹Çï»É Çñ³Ï³Ý ÉáõÛëÇ Ñáï:
ï³Ï. ~ drawing å³ïÏ»ñÁ Ñ»é³ÝϳñáõÙ: perverse [pə΄və:s] a ϳٳÏáñ, Çñ ³ë³ÍÇ,
perspex [΄pə:speks] n åÉ»ÏëǷɳë (Ïáßï ãѳÙá½íáÕ. You’re just being ~ ¸áõ å³ñ½³-
åɳëïÇÏ ÝÛáõÃ)£ å»ë ϳٳÏáñáõÃÛáõÝ »ë ³ÝáõÙ:
perspicacious [‚pə:spi΄kei∫əs] a ëñ³Ã³- perversion [pə΄və:∫n] n ³Ûɳë»ñáõÙ, ³Õ³-
÷³Ýó, Ëáñ³Ã³÷³Ýó£ í³ÕáõÙ, ˻ճÃÛáõñáõÙ a ~ of the truth
perspicuous [pə΄spikjuəs] a å³ñ½, ѳëϳ- ×ßÙ³ñïáõÃÛ³Ý Ë»Õ³ÃÛáõñáõÙ. sexual ~
ݳÉÇ, Ñëï³Ï: ë»é³Ï³Ý ³Ûɳë»ñáõÙ:
perspiration [‚pə:spə΄rei∫n] n ùñïÇÝù, pervert [΄pə:və:t] n áõñ³ó³Í/áõËï³¹ñáõÅ
ùñïÝáõÙ. drip with ~ ³ÙμáÕçáíÇÝ ùñïÇÝùÇ Ù³ñ¹£
Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É: perverted [pə΄və:tid] a ³Ûɳë»ñí³Í,
perspire [pəs΄paiə] v ùñïÝ»É: ÷ã³ó³Í. áõËï³¹ñáõÅ, ¹³í³×³Ý:
persuade [pə΄sweid] v ѳÙá½»É, ѳí³ï³ó- pervious [΄pə:vjəs] a ¹Ûáõñ³ÝóÇÏ, ó÷³Ý-
ó»ÉÇ. (³½¹»óáõÃÛ³Ý) »ÝóñÏíáÕ:
Ý»É. Ñáñ¹áñ»É. try to ~ ÷áñÓ»É Ñ³Ùá½»É.
They ~d me Üñ³Ýù ÇÝÓ Ñ³Ùá½»óÇÝ. I’m ~d
pesky [΄peski] a ³Ù. Ó³Ýñ³óÝáÕ, ½³Ñɳ
ï³ÝáÕ:
that... ºë ѳÙá½í³Í »Ù, áñ... ~ from/out of ÙÇ
μ³ÝÇó Ñ»ï ϳݷݻóÝ»É:
pest [pest] n å³ïÇÅ, å³ïáõѳë, ã³ñÇù.
What a ~ that boy is ²Ûë ïÕ³Ý ÙÇ ÇëϳϳÝ
persuader [pə΄sweidə] n ѳÙá½áÕ/Ñáñ-
å³ïÇÅ ¿. garden ~s ³Û·áõ íݳë³ïáõÝ»ñÁ.
¹áñáÕ ³ÝÓ:
The flies are a ~ ËëÏó. Ö³Ý×»ñÇó åñÍáõÙ
persuasion [pə΄sweiзn] n ѳÙá½ÙáõÝù, ѳ- ãϳ:
í³ï. by means of ~ ѳÙá½»Éáõ ÙÇçáóáí,
pester [΄pestə] v Ó³ÝÓñ³óÝ»É. ï³Õï-
ѳÙá½»Éáí. I’m not of that ~ ºë ã»Ù ÏÇëáõÙ
ϳóÝ»É. ~ smb with questions ѳñó»ñáí
³Û¹ ѳÙá½ÙáõÝùÁ:
Ó³ÝÓñ³óÝ»É. be ~ed with mosquitoes ÙáͳÏ-
persuasive [pə΄sweisiv] n ѳÙá½Çã, ѳÙá- Ý»ñÇ Ó»éùÇó ï³Ýçí»É:
½»óáõóÇã. ~ arguments ѳÙá½Çã ÷³ëï³ñÏ-
pesticide [΄pestisaid] n ÙÇç³ïÝ»ñ áãÝã³ó-
Ý»ñ. be very ~ ß³ï ѳÙá½í³Í ÉÇÝ»É/Ëáë»É: ÝáÕ ÃáõݳùÇÙÇϳï. å»ëïÇóǹ£
pest-house 610 philosophic(al)

pest-house [΄pesthaus] n ųÝï³Ëï³íáñ- pettish [΄peti∫] a ¹Ûáõñ³·ñ·Çé, ݻճóÏáï:


Ý»ñÇ μ³ñ³ù: petty [΄peti] a Ù³Ýñ. ãÝãÇÝ, ¹³ï³ñÏ. Ù³Ý-
pestiferous [pes΄tifərəs] a íݳë³Ï³ñ, ñ³ËݹÇñ. ~ details/officials Ù³ÝñáõùÝ»ñ.
íݳë³μ»ñ. í³ñ³ÏÇã: Ù³Ýñ å³ßïáÝÛ³/ãÇÝáíÝÇÏ. ~ cash ·ñå³ÝÇ
pet [pet] n ëÇñ»ÉÇ/÷³Û÷³Û³Í ³ÝÓ/Çñ. She’s ÷áÕ. ~ larseny/theft /crime Çñ³í. Ù³Ýñ ·á-
granny’s ~ ܳ ï³ïÇÏÇ ëÇñ»ÉÇÝ ¿. He’s on his ÕáõÃÛáõÝ/ѳÝó³·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ person
~ subject ܳ Çñ ëÇñ³Í ûٳÛáí ¿ ½μ³Õ- Ù³Ýñ³ËݹÇñ Ù³ñ¹£
íáõÙ. a ~ name ÷³Õ³ùß³Ï³Ý ³ÝáõÝ. (ëÇ- petty officer [‚peti΄ɒfisə] n Íáí. ³í³·:
ñ³Í ϻݹ³ÝÇ) keep ~s ï³ÝÁ ϻݹ³ÝÇÝ»ñ petulance [΄petjuləns] n ¹Ûáõñ³μáñμáùáõ-
å³Ñ»É. keep a dog/monkey as a ~ ßáõÝ/ϳåÇÏ ÃÛáõÝ, ݻճóÏáïáõÃÛáõÝ:
å³Ñ»É ï³ÝÁ: petulant [΄petjulənt] a ¹Ûáõñ³·ñ·Çé, ¹Ûáõ-
pet [pet] v ÷³Û÷³Û»É, ·áõñ·áõñ»É. ëÇñ»É, ñ³μáñμáù. ݻճóÏáï. a ~ child/old man
»ñ»ë ï³É: ùÙ³Ñ³× »ñ»Ë³. ÷ÝÃ÷ÝÃ³Ý å³é³í£
pet [pet] n í³ï ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ: pew [pju:] n »Ï»Õ»óáõ Ýëï³ñ³Ý:
petal [΄petl] n μëμ. åë³Ï³Ã»ñÃ, ͳÕϳ- pewter [΄pju:tə] a ³Ý³·», ³ñ×Ç×»:
ûñÃ: phantom [΄fæntəm] n áõñí³Ï³Ý, ï»ëÇÉù.
peter [΄pi:tə] v ~ out å³Ï³ë»É, ëå³éí»É. His óÝáñù, å³ïñ³Ýù:
enthusiasm soon ~ed out Üñ³ á·¨áñáõÃÛáõÝÁ Pharaoh [΄feərəu] n ÷³ñ³íáÝ:
ßáõïáí ³Ýó³í: pharmacy [΄fa:məsi] n ¹»Õ³ïáõÝ, ¹»Õ³-
petition [pi΄ti∫n] n Ëݹñ³Ýù, Ëݹñ³·Çñ. ·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ:
present a ~ Ëݹñ³·Çñ Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É. ~ for pharos [΄feərɒs] n ÷³ñáë:
mercy Çñ³í. Ý»ñÙ³Ý Ëݹñ³·Çñ. file a ~ for pharynx [΄færiŋks] n ϽÙË. ÁÙå³Ý:
divorce ³å³Ñ³ñ½³ÝÇ ¹ÇÙáõÙ ï³É: phase [feiz] n ÷áõÉ, ý³½. a new ~ of history
petition [pi΄ti∫n] v Ëݹñ»É, ÙÇçÝáñ¹»É, å³ïÙáõÃÛ³Ý Ýáñ ÷áõÉ. the ~s of illness
Ëݹñ³·Çñ Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É. ~ a minister for
ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛ³Ý Ýáñ ÷áõÉ»ñÁ:
smth ¹ÇÙ»É Ý³Ë³ñ³ñÇÝ áñ¨¿ ѳñóáí:
phase [feiz] v ý³½³íáñ»É, ÷áõɳíáñ»É. The
petitioner [pə΄ti∫nə] n Ëݹñ³ñÏáõ. Çñ³í. planes are being ~d out ²Ûë ÇÝùݳÃÇéÝ»ñÁ
ѳÛóíáñ:
³ëïÇ׳ݳμ³ñ ¹áõñë »Ý μ»ñíáõÙ ·áñ-
petrel [΄petrəl] n ϻݹ. Ùññϳѳí: ͳÍáõÃÛáõÝÇó:
petrifaction [‚petri΄fæk∫n] n ù³ñ³óáõÙ, pheasant [΄feznt] n ÷³ëdzÝ:
ϳñÍñ³óáõÙ. ù³ñ³ó³Í ϻݹ³ÝÇ/μáõÛë:
petrify [΄petrifai] v ù³ñ³Ý³É, ϳñÍñ³Ý³É. phenomenal [fə΄nɒminl] a ³ñï³Ï³ñ·,
μ³ó³éÇÏ, ãï»ëÝí³Í. ý»ÝáٻݳÉ:
³åß»É, ù³ñ Ïïñ»É. She was petrified ܳ
³åáõß ¿ñ Ïïñ»É:
phenomenon [fə΄nɒminən] n (pl. phenome-
na) »ñ¨áõÛÃ. ³Ýëáíáñ/³ñï³Ï³ñ· »ñ¨áõÛÃ/
petrochemicals [‚petrəu΄kemikls] n ݳí-
Ù³ñ¹. natural ~ μÝ³Ï³Ý »ñ¨áõÛÃ:
óùÇÙÇ³Ï³Ý ÝÛáõûñ:
petrol [΄petrəl] n μ»Ý½ÇÝ, ·³½áÉÇÝ. ~ gauge phew [fju:] int ÃáõÑ, Ãáõ, ³Û ù»½ μ³Ý:
μ»Ý½Çݳã³÷, μ»Ý½ÇÝÇ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÇ philander [fi΄lændə] v ëÇñ³μ³Ý»É, ëÇñ³-
óáõóÇã. ~ pump μ»Ý½ÇÝÇ ÙÕÇã/åáÙå. μ»Ý½Ç- Ñ»ï»É:
ÝÇ Éó³Ï³Û³Ý. ~ tank μ»Ý½Çݳμ³ù: philanderer [fi΄lændərə] n ÏݳÙáÉ Ù³ñ¹,
petroleum [pə΄trəuliəm] n ݳíÃ. ~ jelly ¹áÝÅáõ³Ý:
í³½»ÉÇÝ: philanthropy [fi΄lænθrəpi] n Ù³ñ¹³ëÇñáõ-
petrol tanker [΄petrəltæŋkə] n μ»Ý½Çݳï³ñ: ÃÛáõÝ:
petticoat [΄petikəut] n ï³ÏÇ ßñç³½·»ëï. philistine [΄filistain] n ù³Õù»ÝÇ:
Ù³ÝÏ³Ï³Ý Ï³ñ× ßñç³½·»ëï: philological [‚filəu΄lɒdзikl] a μ³Ý³ëÇñ³-
pettifog [΄petifɒg] v ù³ßùßáõÏ ëï»ÕÍ»É. ϳÝ:
Ù³Ýñ ¹³ï³Ï³Ý ·áñÍ»ñáí ½μ³Õí»É. philology [fi΄lɒlədзi] n μ³Ý³ëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ:
Ïéí³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É: philosopher [fə΄lɒsəfə] n ÷ÇÉÇëá÷³:
pettiness [΄petinəs] n Ù³Ýñ³ËݹñáõÃÛáõÝ: philosophic(al) [‚filə΄sɒfik(l)] a ÷ÇÉÇëá-
philosophize 611 pick

÷³Û³Ï³Ý. be ~ ÷ÇÉÇëá÷³Ûáñ»Ý Ùáï»Ý³É phrase [freiz] v μ³é»ñáí ³ñï³Ñ³Ûï»É,


ÏÛ³ÝùÇÝ/ѳñó»ñÇÝ: Ó¨³Ï»ñå»É. The request was well ~d
philosophize [fə΄lɒsəfaiz] v ÷ÇÉÇëá÷³Û»É: Êݹñ³ÝùÁ É³í ¿ñ Ó¨³Ï»ñåí³Í:
phiz [fiz] n ËëÏó. ¹»Ùù, Ï»ñå³ñ³Ýù: phrase-book [΄freizbuk] n ½ñáõó³·Çñù,
phlegm [flem] n μÅßÏ. ËáñË, ÉáñÓ. ÷Ëμ. ½ñáõó³ñ³Ý:
u³éݳñÛáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ýï³ñμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ£ phraseological [‚freiziə΄lɒdзikl] a ¹³ñÓ-
phlegmatic [fleg΄mætik] a ë³éݳñÛáõÝ, í³Í³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý:
³Ýï³ñμ»ñ. ³É³ñÏáï: phraseology [‚freizi΄ɒlədзi] n ¹³ñÓí³Í³-
phobia [΄fəubiə] n μÅßÏ. í³Ë, ë³ñë³÷, ýá- μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
μdz. have a ~ about rats ³éÝ»ïÝ»ñÇó í³- phrenetic [frə΄netik] a ÙáÉ»·Ý³Í, ϳï³-
˻ݳÉ/ë³ñë³÷»É: Õ³Í:
phoenix [΄fi:niks] n ÷ÛáõÝÇÏ. ϳï³ñ»Éáõ- physic [΄fizik] n μÅßÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ËëÏó. ¹»Õ:
ÃÛ³Ý ïÇå³ñ: physical [΄fizikl] a ýǽÇϳϳÝ. ÝÛáõóϳÝ,
phone [fəun] 1. n (Ïñ×. telephone-Çó) Ñ»- Ù³ñÙݳϳÝ. ~ force/fitness ýǽÇϳϳÝ
é³Ëáë. 2. v ½³Ý·³Ñ³ñ»É: áõÅ/å³ïñ³ëïí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ injury Ù³ñÙ-
phoneme [΄fəuni:m] n ÑÝã. ÑÝãáõÛÃ: Ý³Ï³Ý íݳëí³Íù. ~ training ýǽÇϳϳÝ
phonemic [fəu΄ni:mik] a ÑÝãáõÛóÛÇÝ: ¹³ëïdzñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ýǽÏáõÉïáõñ³. the ~
phonetic [fə΄netik] a ÑÝãÛáõݳÛÇÝ, ÑÝãÛáõݳ- world ÷ÇÉ. ÝÛáõÃ³Ï³Ý ³ß˳ñÑ:
ϳÝ. ÑÝãÛáõݳμ³Ý³Ï³Ý: physician [fi΄zi∫n] n μÅÇßÏ, ûñ³å¨ï. con-
phonetician [‚fəuni΄ti∫n] n ÑÝãÛáõݳμ³Ý: sulting ~ μÅÇßÏ-ËáñÑñ¹³ïáõ:
phonetics [fə΄netiks] n ÑÝãÛáõݳμ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: physicist [΄fizisist] n ýǽÇÏáë:
phoney [΄fəuni] ï³ñûñÇݳÏ, Ï»ÕÍ, ³Ýμݳ- physics [΄fiziks] n ýǽÇϳ:
ϳÝ, ˳ñ¹³Ë. There’s smth ~ about him Üñ³ physique [fi΄zi:k] n Ù³ñÙݳϳ½ÙáõÃÛáõÝ,
Ù»ç ÇÝã-áñ ï³ñûñÇÝ³Ï μ³Ý ϳ: Ù³ñÙÝÇ Ï³½Ùí³Íù:
phonic [΄fɒnik] a Ó³ÛݳϳÝ, ÑÝãÛáõݳÛÇÝ: pianist [΄pi:ənist] n ¹³ßݳϳѳñ:
photocopy [΄fəutəu‚kɒpi] n ýáïáå³ï×»Ý, piano [pi΄ænəu] n ¹³ßݳÙáõñ. grand/upright
ùë»ñáå³ï×»Ý: ~ éáÛ³É, ådzÝÇÝá. play the ~ ¹³ßݳÙáõñ
photograph [΄fəutəgra:f] n photo Éáõë³- Ýí³·»É. ~ tuner ¹³ßݳÙáõñ ɳñáÕ. ~ stool
Ýϳñ. get/have one’s ~ taken Éáõë³Ýϳñí»É. I ¹³ßݳÙáõñÇ ³Ãáé. ~ concerto ÏáÝó»ñï
don’t ~ well ºë ÝϳñÝ»ñáõ٠ɳí ã»Ù ëï³ó- ¹³ßݳÙáõñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. ~ player ¹³ßݳϳ-
íáõÙ: ѳñ:
photographer [fə΄tɒgrəfə] n Éáõë³ÝϳñÇã: picaroon [‚pikə΄ru:n] n ˳μ»μ³, μ³Ý¹Çï.
photographic [‚fəutə΄græfik] a Éáõë³Ýϳñ- Íáí³Ñ»Ý:
ã³Ï³Ý: piccolo [΄pikələu] n »ñÅß. ÷áùñ ýÉ»Ûï³:
photography [fə΄tɒgrəfi] n Éáõë³Ýϳñãáõ- pick [pik] v åáÏ»É, ѳí³ù»É, ù³Õ»É. ~ flow-
ÃÛáõÝ, Ýϳñ³Ñ³ÝáõÙ. colour/airial ~ ·áõݳ- ers ͳÕÇÏÝ»ñ ù³Õ»É. ~ berries/fruit/mush-
íáñ Éáõë³ÝϳñãáõÃÛáõÝ. ³»ñáÝϳñ³Ñ³- rooms ѳï³åïáõÕ/ÙÇñ·/ëáõÝÏ Ñ³í³ù»É.
ÝáõÙ. first class ~ ³é³çݳϳñ· Ýϳñ³Ñ³- ~ a hen ѳíÁ ÷»ïñ»É. (ÁÝïñ»É) ~ a tie ÷áÕ-
ÝáõÙÝ»ñ: ϳå ÁÝïñ»É. ~ the right person ×Çßï ÁÝï-
photosensitive [‚fəutəu΄sensətiv] a Éáõë³½- ñáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É. ~ sides ÃÇÙÁ ÁÝïñ»É. ~ a win-
·³ÛáõÝ: ner μ³Ëï³Ë³ÕÇ ¹Ý»É (ѳÕÃáÕÇ íñ³).
phrase [freiz] n ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÃÛáõÝ, ¹³ñÓ- (÷áñ÷ñ»É, ùã÷áñ»É) ~ one’s teeth ³-
í³Í. μ³é³Ï³å³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ. »ñÅß. ýñ³½. ï³ÙÝ»ñÁ ùã÷áñ»É. ~ a lock ÏáÕå»ùÁ ³·-
set ~ ϳÛáõÝ μ³é³Ï³å³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ. in sim- é³íáõÏáí μ³ó»É. ~ smb’s pocket ·ñå³ÝÁ
ple ~ å³ñ½ á×áí/É»½íáí. an empty ~ ¹³ï- ѳï»É. ~ the bone clean áëÏáñÁ ÙÇÝ㨠í»ñç
³ñϳμ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ¹³ï³ñÏ Ëáëù»ñ. as the ÏñÍ»É. ~ one’s brains áõñÇßÇ Ë»ÉùÁ û·ï³-
~ goes ÇÝãå»ë ³ëáõÙ »Ý, ÇÝãå»ë ÁݹáõÝ- ·áñÍ»É. ~ and choose ÁÝïñ»É. ~ at Ïïó³-
í³Í ¿ ³ë»É a prepositional ~ ݳ˹ñ³íáñ ѳñ»É. ÷áùñ ÏïáñÝ»ñáí áõï»É ~ off åáÏ»É.
ϳéáõóí³Íù: ~ on Ó³ÝÓñ³óÝ»É, Ïåã»É. He ~ed on his
pick 612 piece

brother every time ܳ ³Ù»Ý ³Ý·³Ù »ÕμáñÇó pickpocket [΄pik‚pɒkit] ·ñå³Ý³Ñ³ï:


¿ñ ÏåãáõÙ. ~ out ÁÝïñ»É, ¹áõñë ù³ß»É. They pick-up [΄pikΛp] n öÇù³÷ ³íïáÙ»ù»Ý³
~ed out three names Üñ³Ýù »ñ»ù Ñá·Ç (ݳ¨ ~ van). å³ï³Ñ³Ï³Ý ͳÝáÃáõÃÛáõÝ.
ÁÝïñ»óÇÝ. ~ up μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É (·»ïÝÇó). ~ (é³¹.) Ó³ÛݳѳÝ. Ó³ÛݳñÏÇã (³¹³åï»ñ):
up from the floor ѳï³ÏÇó μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É. ~ picnic [΄piknik] n (ݳ¨ basket ~) ½μáë³-
up the receiver Ñ»é³Ëáë³÷áÕÁ μ³ñÓ- ËÝçáõÛù. go for a ~ ½μáë³ËÝçáõÛù ϳ½Ù³-
ñ³óÝ»É. I’ll ~ you up ºë ù»½ Ïï³Ý»Ù (Ù»- Ï»ñå»É. ~ basket åÇÏÝÇÏÇ ½³ÙμÛáõÕ:
ù»Ý³Ûáí), ùá Ñ»ï¨Çó Ï·³Ù. The police ~ed pictorial [pik΄tɔ:riəl] 1. n å³ïÏ»ñ³½³ñ¹
him up àëïÇϳÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ó»ñμ³Ï³É»ó ³Ùë³·Çñ. 2. a ·»Õ³ï»ëÇÉ, ·»Õ»óÇÏ,
Ýñ³Ý. (׳ñ»É, ÇٳݳÉ. Ó»éù μ»ñ»É) Where å³ïÏ»ñ³íáñ. ·»Õ³Ýϳñã³Ï³Ý. ~ art ·»-
did you ~ up that picture? àñï»ÕDZó »ù ³Û¹ Õ³ÝϳñãáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÝϳñÁ ׳ñ»É. ~ up an expression ³ñï³Ñ³Û- picture [΄pikt∫ə] n Ýϳñ, å³ïÏ»ñ. ÏÇÝá-
ïáõÃÛáõÝÁ ëáíáñ»É. ~ up things quickly Ñ»ß- Ýϳñ. ~ book/frame/gallery/postcard Ýϳñ³-
ïáõÃÛ³Ùμ/³ñ³·áñ»Ý ëáíáñ»É ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã. ~ ½³ñ¹ ·Çñù/ÝϳñÇ ßñç³Ý³Ï/å³ïÏ»ñ³-
up London (é³¹.) ÈáݹáÝ μéÝ»É/áñë³É. ëñ³Ñ. ·»Õ³ï»ëÇÉ μ³óÇÏ. ~ show ÏÇÝá-
(μ³ñ»É³íí»É) The patient/business is begin- óïñáÝ, ÏÇÝáÝϳñ. a good ~ on TV ɳí
ning to ~ up ÐÇí³Ý¹Ý ³éáÕç³ÝáõÙ ¿, ¶áñÍÝ å³ïÏ»ñ Ñ»éáõëﳿÏñ³ÝÇ íñ³. a gloomy
³é³ç ¿ ·ÝáõÙ. I ~ed up with him again ºë ~ of the future ÷Ëμ. ³å³·³ÛÇ Ùé³ÛÉ å³ï-
í»ñëÏë»óÇ Í³ÝáÃáõÃÛáõÝÁ: Ï»ñÁ. the general ~ ÁݹѳÝáõñ å³ïÏ»ñ. the
pick [pik] n ùÉáõÝ·, μñÇã. ice ~ ë³éó³ï³- very ~ of health ³éáÕçáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ñÙݳóáõÙ.
å³ñ. tooth ~ ³ï³Ùݳ÷áñÇã. (ÁÝïñáõ- another side of the ~ ÝϳñÇ Ñ³Ï³é³Ï ÏáÕÙÁ.
ÃÛáõÝ) take your ~ ÁÝïñÇñ. the ~ of the bunch put smn in the ~ ͳÝáóóÝ»É Çñ³íÇ׳ÏÇÝ.
³Ù»Ý³É³íÁ: the ~s ÏÇÝáýÇÉÙ/Ýϳñ:
pick-a-back [΄pikəbæk] adv Ù»çùÇÝ, ߳ɳ- picture [΄pikt∫ə] v Ýϳñ»É, Ýϳñ³·ñ»É.
ÏÇÝ. He carried his son ~ àñ¹áõÝ ï³ÝáõÙ ¿ñ »ñ¨³Ï³Û»É. å³ïÏ»ñ³óÝ»É. ~ the scene
áõë»ñÇÝ: å³ïÏ»ñ³óñ»ù ³Û¹ ï»ë³ñ³ÝÁ:
pickaninny [‚pikə΄nini] a ÷áùñÇÏ: picturesque [‚pikt∫ə΄resk] a ·»Õ³ï»ëÇÉ,
pickax(e) [΄pikæks] n ùÉáõÝ·, μñÇã: å³ïÏ»ñ³íáñ, ·áõÝ»Õ:
picked [pikt] a ÁÝïÇñ, ÁÝïñí³Í, çáϳÍ: piddling [΄pidliŋ] a ¹³ï³ñÏ, ãÝãÇÝ, Ù³Ýñ:
picket [΄pikit] n óÇó, ó³Ýϳå³ï. å³Ñ³- pie [pai] n ϳñϳݹ³Ï. meat/apple ~ Ùëáí/
ϳËáõÙμ, ¹Çï³ËáõÙμ. ~ line å³Ñ³Ï³- ËÝÓáñáí ϳñϳݹ³Ï. eat humble ~ ÷Ëμ.
ËÙμÇ ³ñ·»É³å³ïݻߣ ËáݳñÑí»É, Ñݳ½³Ý¹í»É:
picket [΄pikit] v å³Ñ³Ï³ËáõÙμ/çáϳï pie [pai] n ϳã³Õ³Ï:
ϳݷݻóÝ»É. ~ a factory ·áñͳñ³ÝáõÙ piebald [΄paibɔ:ld] n, a åÇë³Ï³íáñ ÓÇ.
å³Ñ³Ï³çáϳï ï»Õ³íáñ»É: ˳Ûï³μÕ»ï, åÇë³Ï³íáñ, ˳ïáõïÇÏ:
picking [΄pikiŋ] n Ùñ·³Ñ³í³ù. Ùݳóáñ¹- piece [pi:s] n Ïïáñ, Ù³ë. μ³ÅÇÝ. a ~ of
Ý»ñ. He left us the ~s ܳ Ù»½ Ùݳóáñ¹Ý»ñÁ cheese/material/paper ÙÇ Ïïáñ å³ÝÇñ./ ·áñÍ-
ÃáÕ»ó: í³Íù. ÙÇ Ã»ñà ÃáõÕÃ. a ~ of land ÑáÕ³-
pickle [΄pikl] 1. n ÃÃíÇ ³Õ³çáõñ, ÃÃí³çáõñ. Ïïáñ. ~ by ~ Ïïáñ-Ïïáñ. Ù³ë-Ù³ë. take to
ÃÃáõ ¹ñ³Í μ³Ýç³ñ»Õ»Ý/í³ñáõÝ·. ÷Ëμ. ~s Ù³ëݳï»É. μ³Å³Ý-μ³Å³Ý ³Ý»É. ~s
³Ý³ËáñÅ ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. be in a sad ~ ÷áñÓ³Ý- Ïïáñï³Ýù, μ»Ïáñ. The vase broke to ~s
ùÇ Ù»ç ÁÝÏÝ»É. be in a bit of a ~ ³Ý³ËáñŠ̳ÕϳٳÝÁ Ïïáñ-Ïïáñ »Õ³í. pick up the
íÇ׳ÏÇ Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É ËëÏó. ã³ñ³××Ç »ñ»Ë³. ~s μ»ÏáñÝ»ñÁ ѳí³ù»É. The model comes to
This child is a little ~ ²Ûë »ñ»Ë³Ý å³ïáõѳë ~ Øá¹»ÉÁ ѳí³ùáíÇ ¿. go to ~s ù³ñáõù³Ý¹
¿. 2. v ÃÃáõ ¹Ý»É: ÉÇÝ»É, ÏáñͳÝí»É. tear to ~s å³ï³éáï»É.
picklock [΄piklɒk] n Ïáïñ³Ýù ϳï³ñáÕ (³é³ÝÓÇÝ ³é³ñϳ, ѳï) a valuable ~ of
·áÕ. ³·é³íáõÏ, ÏáÕå»ùÝ»ñ μ³ó»Éáõ Ï»é: china/silver ׻ݳå³Ïáõó/³ñͳÃÇó ³ñÅ»-
pick-me-up [΄pikmiΛp] n ·ñ·éÇã ÙÇçáó. ù³íáñ ³é³ñϳ. a ~ of furniture ϳÑáõÛùÇ
Let’s have a ~ ØÇ Ã»Ã¨ ËÙ»Ýù£ ³é³ñϳ. How many ~s in the dinner set?
piece 613 pile

ø³ÝDZ Ïïáñ ϳ ׳ßÇ ëå³ëùáõÙ. two ~s of piercing [΄piəsiŋ] a ³Ï³Ýç ͳÏáÕ, ½ÇÉ,
luggage áõÕ»μ»éÇ »ñÏáõ Ïïáñ. sell by the ~ ëáõñ. a ~ wind/cold ëáõñ/ͳÏáÕ ù³ÙÇ/óáõñï:
ѳïáí í³×³é»É. get paid by the ~ ·áñͳñ- pier-glass [΄piəgla:s] n Ù»Í. ϳݷáõÝ
ùáí í׳ñ»É. a two/three ~ suit »ñÏáõ/»ñ»ù ѳۻÉÇ, ïñÛáõÙá:
ÏïáñÇó μ³Õϳó³Í ÏáëïÛáõÙ. a chess ~ piety [΄paiəti] n μ³ñ»å³ßïáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ëïí³-
ß³ËÙ³ïÇ ýÇ·áõñ. (·áñÍ, »ñÏ, ëï»Õͳ- ͳí³ËáõÃÛáõÝ:
·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ) write a ~ for the magazine ³Ù- piffle [΄pifl] n ËëÏó. ¹³ï³ñϳμ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ,
ë³·ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ Ñá¹í³Í ·ñ»É. a ~ of art/mu- ÑÇÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
sic/poetry /painting »ñ³Åßï³Ï³Ý »ñÏ/ áï³- pig [pig] n Ëá½. suckling ~ Ëá×Ïáñ, ·á×Ç. buy
ݳíáñ, μ³Ý³ëï»ÕÍáõÃÛáõÝ/Ýϳñ, ·»Õ³- a ~ in a poke ³ãùÁ Ëáõ÷ ÙÇ μ³Ý ·Ý»É/³Ý»É.
Ýϳñ/ ·»Õ³ñí»ëï³Ï³Ý ·áñÍ. museum ~ make a ~ of oneself ËÅé»É, Ëá½Ç å»ë áõï»É.
óݷ³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ÝÙáõß, ѳ½í³·Ûáõï μ³Ý. raise/ breed ~s Ëá½³μáõÍáõÃÛ³Ùμ ½μ³Õí»É.
(Ù»ï³Õ³¹ñ³Ù) 5 cent ~ ÑÇÝ· ó»Ýï³Ýáó. a ~ breeding Ëá½³μáõÍáõÃÛáõÝ. roast ~ ï³å³-
~ of luck μ³Ëï, ѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. all in one ~ Ï³Í Ëá×Ïáñ:
áÕç ¨ ³éáÕç (Ù³ñ¹). ÙÇ Ïïáñáí (³é³ñϳ). pig [pig] v ÍÝ»É, Ó³· μ»ñ»É. Ï»ÕïÇ Ù»ç/Ëá½Ç
a ~ of news ÝáñáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ of folly ˻ɳé å»ë ³åñ»É:
í³ñÙáõÝù. It’s a ~ of cake Þ³ï Ñ»ßï μ³Ý ¿. pigeon [΄pidзən] n ³Õ³íÝÇ. å³ñ½³ÙÇï/
give a ~ of one’s mind Çñ ϳñÍÇùÝ ³ë»É, ÙdzÙÇï Ù³ñ¹. home ~ ÷áëï³ï³ñ ³Õ³í-
ѳݹÇٳݻÉ: ÝÇ. pluck a ~ ÙdzÙÇï Ù³ñ¹áõÝ ÏáÕáåï»É/
piece [pi:s] v ѳí³ù»É, ÙdzóÝ»É, ÏåóÝ»É. åÉáÏ»É:
ϳñϳï»É. ~ the clock together ųٳóáõÛóÁ pigeon fancier [΄pidзən ΄fænsiə] n ³Õ³í-
ѳí³ù»É. ~ the vase together ͳÕϳٳÝÇ Ý³å³Ñ/³Õ³íݳë»ñ Ù³ñ¹:
ÏïáñÝ»ñÁ Çñ³ñ ÏåóÝ»É. ~ the story together pigeon-hearted [‚pidзən΄ha:tid] a í³Ë-
÷Ëμ. å³ïÙí³ÍùÇó/å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝÇó Ïáï, »ñÏãáï:
·ÉáõË Ñ³Ý»É: pigeon-hole [΄pidзənhəul]1. n ·ñ³ë»Õ³ÝÇ/
piece goods [΄pi:sgudz] n ѳïáí/ѳï³í³- ¹³ñ³ÏÇ μ³Å³ÝÙáõÝù (ݳٳÏÝ»ñÇ, ÷³ë-
×³é ³åñ³Ýù: ï³ÃÕûñÇ ¨ ³ÛÉÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ). 2. v ÷³ëï³-
piecemeal [΄pi:smi:l] a Ù³ë-Ù³ë ³ñíáÕ, ÃÕûñÁ ¹³ë³íáñ»É/¹³ë¹³ë»É. Ù³Ñáõ¹Ç
³ëïÇ׳ݳϳÝ. The work has been done ~ ï³Ï ¹Ý»É, ³Ýáõß³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ïÝ»É:
²ß˳ï³ÝùÁ Ù³ë-Ù³ë ¿ ³ñí»É: pigeonry [΄pidзənri] n ³Õ³íݳïáõÝ:
piece-work [΄pi:swə:k] n ·áñͳñù³ÛÇÝ/ѳ- piggery [΄pigəri] n Ëá½³Ýáó, Ëá½³μáõÛÝ:
ï³í׳ñ ³ß˳ï³Ýù£ piggy [΄pigi] n Ëá½áõÏ, Ëá×Ïáñ:
piece-worker [΄pi:s‚wə:kə] n ·áñͳñù³- pig-headed [‚pig΄hedid] a ѳٳé, μóÙÇï:
ÛÇÝ/ ѳï³í׳ñáí ³ß˳ïáÕ: piglet [΄piglət] n Ëá½áõÏ:
pie crust [΄paikrΛst] n ϳñϳݹ³ÏÇ ãá- pig-iron [΄pig‚aiən] n Ãáõç»/ãáõ·áõÝÇ Óáõ-
ñ³ÏÁ /ϻըÁ: ɳÓáÕ:
pied [paid] a åÇë³Ï³íáñ, ˳Ûï³μÕ»ï, ë¨- pignut [΄pignΛt] n ·»ïݳÝáõß:
ëåÇï³Ï: pigskin [΄pigskin] n Ëá½Ç ϳßÇ. ³Ù., ËëÏó.
pier [piə] n Íáí³å³ïÝ»ß, ϳÙñç³Ý»óáõÏ/ ýáõïμáÉÇ ·Ý¹³Ï:
ëÛáõÝ. Íáí. ϳé³Ý³óÇó (åÇñë). ݳí³Ù³- pigsty [΄pigstai] n Ëá½³Ýáó (ݳ¨ ÷Ëμ.):
ïáõÛó: pigtail [΄pigteil] n ͳÙÇÏ, ÷áùñÇÏ ÑÛáõë:
pierce [piəs] v Ëáó»É, ͳϻÉ, ß³Ù÷ñ»É. pike [paik] n ·³ÛɳÓáõÏ:
Ëñ»É, ÙËñ×»É. ó÷³Ýó»É. The nail ~d the pike [paik] n, v ï»·, Ýǽ³Ï, ÷áõß. ͳϻÉ,
tyre Ø»ËÁ Í³Ï»É ¿ñ ³Ýí³¹áÕÁ. have one’s Ëáó»É (Ýǽ³Ïáí, ï»·áí):
ears ~d ³Ï³ÝçÝ»ñÁ Í³Ï»É ï³É. A ray of pikestaff [΄paiksta:f] n Ýǽ³ÏÇ ÏáÃ:
light ~d the darkness ÈáõÛëÇ ×³é³·³ÛÃÁ pilaster [pi΄læstə] n ×ñï. ù³é³ÝÏÛáõÝÇ,
Ý»ñó÷³Ýó»ó ÙÃáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç. The bullet ~d ѳñà áñÙݳëÛáõÝ:
his shoulder ¶Ý¹³ÏÁ /÷³Ù÷áõßïÁ ͳϻó pilchard [΄pilt∫əd] n ë³ñ¹ÇÝ (ÓáõÏ):
Ýñ³ áõëÁ: pile I [pail] n ÏáõÛï, ¹»½. ËáõñÓ, ϳå. ~ of
pile 614 pincers

sand/rubbish ³í³½³ÏáõÛï, ³Õμ³ÏáõÛï. ~ of ݳÏÇ »ÝóñÏí»É. put to the ~ ³Ý³ñ·³ÝùÇ


books/plates ·ñù»ñÇ/³÷ë»Ý»ñÇ ¹»½. ~ of ëÛ³ÝÁ ·³Ù»É:
planks ï³Ëï³ÏÝ»ñÇ ¹³ñë³ÏáõÛï. atomic pillow [΄piləu] n μ³ñÓ. ï»Ë. Ý»ñ¹ñ³Ï,
~ ³ïáÙ³ÛÇÝ/ÙÇçáõϳÛÇÝ é»³Ïïáñ ËëÏó. ï³Ï¹Çñ.
ϳñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳñëïáõÃÛáõÝ. make one’s ~ pillow-case, pillow-slip [΄piləukeis, ΄piləu-
ѳñëï³Ý³É, ѳñëïáõÃÛáõÝ ¹Ç½»É. make a slip] n μ³ñÓÇ »ñ»ë:
tidy ~ Ù»Í Ë³Õ³·áõÙ³ñ ï³Ý»É: pilot [΄pailət] 1. n Íáí. ݳí³ï³ñ, ջϳϳÉ,
pile II [pail] n ˳í, Ù³½³Ë³í. μáõñ¹, ³Õ- ÉáóÙ³Ý. ~ boat ݳí³ï³ñÇ Ý³í³Ï. ³í.
í³Ù³½: û¹³ãáõ. 2. a ÷áñÓݳϳÝ. ~ plant ÷áñÓ³-
pile [pail] v ÏÇï»É, ¹Ç½»É, Çñ³ñ íñ³ Ïáõï³- ñ³ñ³Ï³Ý ·áñͳñ³Ý:
Ï»É. ~ a table ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã ë»Õ³ÝÇÝ ¹Ç½»É/ÏÇ- pilot [΄pailət] v í³ñ»É, ݳí»É, Ëáõë³Ý³í»É.
ï»É. ~ boxes ïáõ÷»ñÝ Çñ³ñ íñ³ ¹³ñë»É. ~ áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É. ~ a vessel (through a strait)
it on ÷Ëμ. ã³÷³½³Ýó»É. ~ up evidence ݳíÁ (Ý»ÕáõóÇ ÙÇçáí) ³ÝóϳóÝ»É. ~ a bill
³å³óáõÛóÝ»ñ/íϳÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ѳí³ù»É. ÷Ëμ. ûñÇݳ·ÇÍÁ ³ÝóϳóÝ»É:
He ~d up his car ËëÏó. ܳ Ù»ù»Ý³Ý ç³ñ¹»ó/ pilotage [΄pailətidз] n ݳí³í³ñáõÙ. ݳíÁ/
Ë÷»ó. The work is piling up ²ß˳ï³ÝùÁ û¹³Ý³íÁ í³ñ»ÉÁ/ջϳí³ñ»ÉÁ:
ѳí³ùíáõÙ ¿/ÏÇïíáõÙ ¿. ~ up Ïáõï³Ïí»É, pilot-cloth [΄pailətklɒθ] n ѳëï, ϳåáõÛï
Ëó³Ýí»É. The cars ~d up Ø»ù»Ý³Ý»ñÁ Ïáõ- Ù³Ñáõ¹:
ï³Ïí»óÇÝ: pilothouse [΄pailəthaus] n ջϳå»ïÇ
piled [paild] a ˳íáï, ˳í³íáñ: ËóÇÏ:
pile-driver [΄pail‚draivə] n ï»Ë. óó³Ñ³ñ pilot officer [΄pailət‚ɒfisə] n û¹³ÛÇÝ áõÅ»ñÇ
Ù»ù»Ý³. μ³ñÓñ³Ï: É»Ûï»Ý³Ýï:
piles [pailz] n μÅßÏ. ÃáõÃù, ÃáõÃù³ÛÇÝ pimp [pimp] n, v ϳí³ï. ϳí³ïáõÃÛáõÝ
áõéáõóù, Ñ»ÙáéáÛ: ³Ý»É:
pilfer [΄pilfə] v ·áճݳÉ, ÃéóÝ»É: pimping [΄pimpiŋ] a Ù³Ýñ.ÃáõÛÉ, ÑÇí³Ý¹áï:
pilferage [΄pilfəridз] n Ù³Ýñ ·áÕáõÃÛáõÝ. pimple [΄pimpl] n å½áõÏ, μßïÇÏ come out in
pilferer [΄pilfərə] n Ù³Ýñ ·áÕáõÃÛáõÝ ³ÝáÕ: ~s å½áõÏÝ»ñáí ͳÍÏí»É. goose ~ ë³·³-
pilgrim [΄pilgrim] n áõËﳷݳó, å³Ý- Ù³ßÏ:
¹áõËï: pimpled, pimply [΄pimpld, ΄pimpli] a
pilgrimage [΄pilgrimidз] n áõËﳷݳóáõ- å½áõϳíáñ. å½áõÏÝ»ñáí ͳÍÏí³Í:
ÃÛáõÝ, å³Ý¹ËïáõÃÛáõÝ. áõÕ¨áñáõÃÛáõÝ, »ñ-
pin [pin] n ·Ý¹³ë»Õ, ùáñáó. Ñ»ñ³Ï³É, ͳÙ-
ϳÉ. drawing ~ Ïá×·³Ù. safety ~ ³Ý·ÉdzϳÝ
ϳñ³ï¨ ׳Ù÷áñ¹áõÃÛáõÝ:
ùáñáó. be on ~s and needles ³ë»ÕÝ»ñÇ íñ³
pill [pil] n ¹»Õ³Ñ³μ, ѳμ. gild the ~ ¹»Õ³-
Ýëï³Í ÉÇÝ»É. as neat as a new ~ ÏáÏÇÏ. hear
ѳμÁ áëÏ»½ûÍ»É, ïÑ³× μ³ÝÁ Ù»ÕÙ³óÝ»É. a
a ~ drop ׳Ý×Ç ÃéÇãùÝ ³Ý·³Ù Éë»É. not a ~
bitter ~ to swallow ïÑ³× ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõ-
to choose ÙÇÙÛ³ÝóÇó ãï³ñμ»ñ»É. not care a
ÃÛáõÝ:
~ Ù³½³ã³÷ ³Ý·³Ù ãÙï³Í»É:
pillage [΄pilidз] n, v ÏáÕáåáõï, óɳÝ, pin [pin] v ·Ý¹³ë»Õáí ÏåóÝ»É/³Ùñ³óÝ»É. ~
³í³ñ. ÏáÕáåï»É, óɳݻÉ:
a notice ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ÷³ÏóÝ»É. ~ a
pillar [΄pilə] n ëÛáõÝ, ѻݳñ³Ý, ÏáÃáÕ. ~ of medal on a person ÏñÍùÇÝ Ù»¹³É ÏåóÝ»É. ~
strength Ñáõë³ÉÇ Ñ»Ý³ñ³Ý. ~ of smoke ÷Ëμ.
up one’s hair Ù³½»ñÁ ͳÙϳÉáí ѳí³ù»É. ~
ÍËÇ ëÛáõÝ:
one’s hopes on smb/smth ÑáõÛë»ñÁ Ù»ÏÇ/ÙÇ
pillar-box [΄piləbɒks] n ÷áëï³ñÏÕ: μ³ÝÇ íñ³ ¹Ý»É. ~ down ϳßϳݹ»É, å³ñ-
pill-box [΄pilbɒks] n ¹»Õ³Ñ³μ»ñÇ ïáõ÷. ï³íáñ»óÝ»É. He’s difficult to~ down Üñ³Ý
ÏïÏ. ÷áùñÇÏ ³íïáÙ»ù»Ý³: ¹Åí³ñ ¿ å³ñï³íáñ»óÝ»É. ~ the blame on
pillion [΄piljən] n óÙμÇ μ³ñÓÇÏ. Ùáïá- smn Ù»ÕùÁ Ù»ÏÇ íñ³ ·ó»É:
óÇÏÉÇ Ñ»ï¨Ç Ýëï»Éáõ ï»ÕÁ: pinafore [΄pinəfɔ:] n ·á·Ýáó:
pillory [΄piləri] n ³Ý³ñ·³ÝùÇ ëÛáõÝ. be in the pince-nez [‚pæns΄nei] n å»ÝëÝ»:
~ ³Ý³ñ·³ÝùÇ ëÛ³ÝÁ ·³Ùí»É, ͳÕñáõͳ- pincers [΄pinsəz] n ³ùó³Ý. ϻݹ. ã³Ýã (Ë»ó-
pinch 615 pipe

·»ïÇÝ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ). a pair of ~ áõÝ»ÉÇ: ³ßï³ñ³Ï (ßÇÝáõÃÛ³Ý í»ñ¨áõÙ). μ»Éí»¹»ñ:


pinch [pint∫] n ÏëÙÃáó, Ï×ÙÃáó. åïÕáõÝó. pinpoint [΄pinpɔint] v ×ß·ñÇï Ó¨áí áñáß»É.
ͳÛñ³Ñ»Õ ϳñÇù. at a ~ ͳÛñ³Ñ»Õ ¹»å- ×ß·ñÇï óáõÛó ï³É:
ùáõÙ. a ~ of salt ÙÇ åïÕáõÝó ³Õ. take smth pinny [΄pini] n ËëÏó. ·á·Ýáó:
with a ~ of salt ÷Ëμ. áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ ß³ï pinprick [΄pinprik] n ·Ý¹³ë»ÕÇ Í³Ïáó. get
ѳí³ï ãÁÝͳۻÉ: ~s from smn ·Ý¹³ë»ÕÇ Í³ÏáóÝ»ñ/˳ÛÃáó-
pinch [pint∫] v ÏëÙûÉ, Ï×ÙûÉ. ë»ÕÙ»É, Ý»ñ ëï³Ý³É:
×½Ù»É. ~ the child’s cheek »ñ»Ë³ÛÇ ³ÛïÁ pinstripe [΄pinstraip] a Ýáõñμ ·Í³íáñ
ÏëÙûÉ. ~ one’s finger Ù³ïÁ ×½Ù»É. The shoes (Ïïáñ). a ~ suit ÏáëïÛáõÙ Ýáõrμ, ·Í³íáñ
are ~ing ÎáßÇÏÝ»ñÁ ë»ÕÙáõÙ »Ý. ÷Ëμ. û·ï. ÏïáñÇó:
~ed with cold óñïÇó ÏÍÏí³Í. ~ed for money pint [paint] n ÷ÇÝà (Ñ»ÕáõÏÝ»ñÇ ã³÷` 0,56
÷áÕ³ÛÇÝ ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ áõÝ»ó³Í. ÉÇïñ):
ËëÏó. (ÃéóÝ»É, ·áճݳÉ) Smb has ~ed my pin up [΄pinΛp] n ËëÏó. ³Ùë³·ñÇ ³é³çÇÝ
pen ÆÝã-áñ Ù»ÏÁ ·ñÇãë Ãéóñ»É ¿. ~ other’s ¿çÇ ·»Õ»óÏáõÑáõ/ÏÇÝá³ëïÕÇ Éáõë³Ýϳñ
ideas áõñÇßÇ Ùïù»ñÁ ë»÷³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É. ~ and (ݳ¨ å³ïÇÝ ÷³ÏóÝ»Éáõ). a ~ girl ÏïÏ.
scrape ïÝï»ë»É ³Ù»Ý ÇÝãáõÙ: ǹ»³É:
pincushion [΄pin‚ku∫n] n ³ë»ÕÝ»ñÇ μ³ñ- piny [΄paini] a ëá×áõ, ëá×ÇÝ»ñáí ѳñáõëï:
ÓÇÏ£ pioneer [‚paiə΄niə] 1. n é³ÑíÇñ³, ³é³çÇÝ
pinchers [΄pint∫əz] n ³ùó³Ý, áõÝ»ÉÇ: Ýáñ³μݳÏ. ݳ˳ӻéÝáÕ. åÇáÝ»ñ. 2. a
pine [pain] n (ݳ¨ ~ tree) ëá×Ç: åÇáÝ»ñ³Ï³Ý. 3. v ݳ˳ӻéÝáÕ ÉÇÝ»É.
pine [pain] v (ݳ¨ ~ away) ¹³ÉϳݳÉ, Ãáß- áõÕÇ Ñ³ñûÉ. ~ new methods Ýáñ Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñ
Ý»É, ÑÛáõÍí»É. ~ away for smb/smth Ù»ÏÇÝ/ÙÇ ÏÇñ³é»É:
μ³ÝÇ ß³ï ϳñáï»É: pious [΄paiəs] a Ïñáݳå³ßï, μ³ñ»å³ßï.
pine-apple [΄painæpl] n ³Ý³Ý³ë, ³ñù³Û³- ³ëïí³Í³í³Ë:
ËÝÓáñ: pip [pip] n Ù³Ýñ Ïáñǽ (ݳñÇÝç, ˳ÕáÕ,
pine-cone [΄painkəun] n ëá×áõ ÏáÝ: ë»Ë ¨ ³ÛÉÝ). (¹áÙÇÝá, ˳ճù³ñï) Ï»ï,
pine needle [΄pain‚ni:dl] n ëá×áõ ÷ß³ï»ñ¨/ ³ãù. é½Ù. ѳ·áõëïÇ ³ëïÕ(ÇÏ) áõë³¹Çñ-
³ë»Õݳï»ñ¨: Ý»ñÇ íñ³. give smn the ~s ï³ÕïÏáõ-
pinery [΄painəri] n ëá×áõï, ëá×áõ ³Ýï³é: ÃÛáõÝ/Ó³ÝÓñáõÛà å³ï׳é»É:
pinfold [΄pinfəuld] n ÷³ñ³Ë: pip [pip] 1. n é³¹., Ñ»é. ϳñ× ³½¹³Ýß³Ý/
ping-pong [΄piŋpɒŋ] n ë»Õ³ÝÇ Ã»ÝÇë: ëǷݳÉ. 2. v ËëÏó., ÷Ëμ. ~ smn Ù»ÏÇó
pinhead [΄pinhed] n ·Ý¹³ë»ÕÇ ·ÉáõË. ³é³ç ³ÝóÝ»É:
ËëÏó. μóÙÇï, ѳëï³·ÉáõË: pip [pip] v ùí»³ñÏáõÃÛ³Ùμ ï³å³É»É, ë¨
pinion [΄pinjən] n ï»Ë. ³ï³Ùݳíáñ ³ÝÇí. ùí» ï³É:
åïÙ. å³ñëåÇ ³ï³Ù. ϻݹ. ÷»ïáõñ. pipage [΄paipidз] n ݳíóÙáõÕ/·³½³ÙáõÕ/
μÝëï. è (ÃéãáõÝÇ): çñÙáõÕ ËáÕáí³Ï³ß³ñ:
pink [piŋk] n μëμ. ٻ˳Ï. í³ñ¹Ç ·áõÛÝ. the pipe [paip] n ËáÕáí³Ï, ËáÕáí³Ï³ß³ñ. gas
~ ïÇå³ñ ϳï³ñ»ÉáõÃÛ³Ý. the ~ of health ~ ·³½Ç ËáÕáí³Ï(³ß³ñ). rain ~ çñ³ï³ñ
³éáÕçáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ñÙݳóáõÙ. the ~ of perfec- ËáÕáí³Ï, çñÑáñ¹³Ý. waste ~ çñÑáë ѳñ-
tion ϳï³ñ»ÉáõÃÛ³Ý ·³·³Ãݳϻï. be in Ù³ñ³Ýù. organ ~ »ñ·»ÑáÝÇ ËáÕáí³Ï. the ~
the ~ ËëÏó. ÑáÛ³Ï³å ½·³É. be in the ~ of of peace ˳ճÕáõÃÛ³Ý Í˳Ùáñ×. »ñÅß.
condition Ùñ½. ß³ï ɳí Ó¨Ç Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É: ëñÇÝ·, ßíÇ, ÃáõóÏ. ~s ßÝã³é³Ï³Ý áõÕÇ-
pink [piŋk] a í³ñ¹³·áõÛÝ: Ý»ñ. ~ tobacco Í˳Ùáñ×Ç Í˳Ëáï/Ãáõ-
pink [piŋk] v ͳϻÉ, Í³Ï μ³ó»É: ÃáõÝ:
pinkish [΄piŋki∫] a μ³ó í³ñ¹³·áõÛÝ: pipe [paip] v Ýí³·»É (÷áÕ. ·áñÍÇù). »ñ·»É,
pin money [΄pin‚mΛni] n ·ñå³ÝÇ ÷áÕ: ëáõñ Ó³ÛÝ Ñ³Ý»É. ~ one’s eye μ³ñÓñ³Ó³ÛÝ
pinnace [΄pinəs] n ݳí³Ï, ϳï»ñ: ɳÉ/×ã³É. ~ down Éé»É. (ËáÕáí³Ï³ß³ñ
pinnacle [΄pinəkl] n μ³ñÓñ É»éݳ·³·³Ã, ³ÝóϳóÝ»É) Oil is ~d across the desert ܳíÃÇ
·³·³Ãݳϻï. ×ñï. ëñ³Í³Ûñ ÷áùñ ËáÕáí³Ï³ß³ñ ¿ ³ÝóϳóíáõÙ ³Ý³-
pipe-clay 616 piteous

å³ïáí. ~ away Íáí. ݳíÇ Ù»ÏÝ»Éáõ pit [pit]1. n Ñáñ, ÷áë. ËáñáõÃÛáõÝ, Ëáñß. dig
³½¹³Ýß³Ý ï³É: a ~ ÷áë ÷áñ»É. the ~ óïñ. å³ñï»ñÇ í»ñ-
pipe-clay [΄paipklei] n ׻ݳÑáÕ, ϳáÉÇÝ: çÇÝ ß³ñù»ñÁ. orchestra ~ Ýí³·³ËÙμÇ ÷á-
pipe cleaner [΄paip΄kli:nə] n ËáÕáí³Ï ëÁ/ï»ÕÁ. a potato ~ ϳñïáýÇÉ å³Ñ»Éáõ
Ù³ùñ»Éáõ ËέݳÏ: Ñáñ. ~ of the stomach ëñï³·¹³ÉÇ ï³ÏÇ
pipe dream [΄paipdri:m] n ³ÝÇñ³Ï³- ÷áëÇÏÁ. (ѳÝù³÷áñ) go down a ~ ѳÝù³-
ݳݳÉÇ »ñ³½³Ýù: ÷áñ ÇçÝ»É. ³Ù. Ïáñǽ (åïáõÕÝ»ñÇ). 2. v
pipeful [΄paipful] n ÙÇ ÉÇùÁ Í˳Ùáñ× Ïáñǽ³Ñ³Ý ³Ý»É:
(Í˳Ëáï): pit [pit] v ÷áë ÷áñ»É. ÷áëÇ Ù»ç å³Ñ»É. ͳÍ-
pipe-line [΄paiplain] n ËáÕáí³Ï³ß³ñ (çñ³- Ï»É, ݳËß»É, å³ï»É. The moon is ~ted with
ï³ñ, ݳíóï³ñ, ·³½³ï³ñ): craters ÈáõëÇÝÁ å³ïí³Í ¿ ˳éݳ-
piper [΄paipə] n ëñÝ·³Ñ³ñ, ýÉ»Ûï³Ñ³ñ: ñ³ÝÝ»ñáí. His face is ~ted by small pox Üñ³
piping [΄paipiŋ] n ËáÕáí³Ï³ß³ñ. ËáÕá- ¹»ÙùÁ ã»ãáï ¿ ͳÕÇÏÇ Ñ»ï¨³Ýùáí:
í³ÏÝ»ñ, ËáÕáí³ÏÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·:
pitch [pit∫] n Ùñ½. (ýáõïμáÉ) ¹³ßï. (Ñáù»Û,
pipkin [΄pipkin] n Ï³í» ³Ù³Ý, åïáõÏ: íáÉ»ÛμáÉ) Ññ³å³ñ³Ï. »ñÅß. μ³ñÓñáõÃÛáõÝ
ÏÍí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, μ³ñϳѳÙáõÃÛáõÝ, ÷Ëμ.
(Ó³ÛÝÇ, ïáÝÇ, ÑÝãÛáõÝÇ). the ~ of the voice
Ññ³åáõñãáõÃÛáõÝ£
Ó³ÛÝÇ μ³ñÓñáõÃÛáõÝÁ. perfect ~ μ³ó³ñÓ³Ï
piquancy [΄pi:kənsi] n ÏÍíáõÃÛáõÝ. μ³ñϳ- ÉëáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. The ~ of the piano is low ¸³ß-
ѳÙáõÃÛáõÝ. ÷Ëμ. Ññ³åáõñãáõÃÛáõÝ:
ݳÙáõñÁ ó³Íñ ïáÝáí ¿ ɳñí³Í. sing off ~
piquant [΄pi:kənt] a ÏÍáõ, ëáõñ, μ³ñϳѳÙ. ý³Éß/Ï»ÕÍ ïáÝáí »ñ·»É. give the ~ ïáÝ
÷Ëμ. ë³ëïÇÏ Ñ»ï³ùñùñ³ß³ñÅ, Ññ³åáõ-
ï³É. Matters reached the ~ гݷ³Ù³ÝùÝ»ñÝ
ñÇã, ·³ÛóÏÕÇã:
Çñ»Ýó ·³·³ÃݳϻïÇÝ Ñ³ë³Ý:
pique [pi:k] n ¹³éÝáõÃÛ³Ý ½·³óáõÙ, íÇñ³-
íáñ³Ýù, ½³ÛñáõÛÃ. in a fit of ~ çÕ³Ûݳó³Í,
pitch [pit∫]1. n ÓÛáõÃ, Ïáõåñ. as black as ~
(ݳ¨ ~ black) ÏáõåñÇ/ÓÛáõÃÇ ÝÙ³Ý ë¨. 2. v
ëñïݻճÍ. out of ~ ëñïÝ»ÕáõÃÛáõÝÇó, ½³Û-
ÓÛáõûÉ, Ïáõåñ»É, ˻ŻÉ:
ñáõÛÃÇó:
pique [pi:k] v íÇñ³íáñ»É, ˳ÛûÉ. Ñ»- pitch [pit∫] v ·ó»É, Ý»ï»É, ßåñï»É. ~ the ball
ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝ ³ñÃݳóÝ»É/·ñ·é»É. be ~d higher ·Ý¹³ÏÁ ³í»ÉÇ μ³ñÓñ Ý»ï»É. ~ out of
at smth íÇñ³íáñí»É, ëñïݻջÉ, ÇÝùݳëÇ- the car Ù»ù»Ý³ÛÇó ¹áõñë ßåñï»É. (¹Ý»É,
ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ëáóí»É: Ë÷»É) ~ a tent/camp íñ³Ý Ë÷»É, ׳Ùμ³ñ
piracy [΄pairəsi] n Íáí³Ñ»ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. Ñ»ÕÇݳ- ¹Ý»É. »ñÅß. ïáݳÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É, ɳñ»É áñá-
ϳÛÇÝ Çñ³íáõÝùÇ Ë³ËïáõÙ: ß³ÏÇ μ³ñÓñáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³. The part is ~ed too
pirate [΄pairət] n Íáí³Ñ»Ý, Íáí³ÛÇÝ ³í³- high ¸»ñ»ñ·Á ã³÷³½³Ýó μ³ñÓñ ïáݳÛ-
½³Ï. Ñ»ÕÇݳϳÛÇÝ Çñ³íáõÝù ˳ËïáÕ. a ÝáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝÇ. ~ one’s hopes too high ã³÷Çó
~ radio station áõñÇßÇ é³¹Çá³ÉÇùáí ³ß˳- ³í»ÉÇ ëå³ëáõÙÝ»ñ áõݻݳÉ. ~ smth a bit
ïáÕ é³¹Çáϳ۳Ý: strong ËëÏó. ã³÷³½³Ýó»É. (ÁÝÏÝ»É, Ý»ï-
pirate [΄pairət] v ÏáÕáåï»É.~ a book ³Ýûñ»Ý í»É) The plane ~ed into the sea ÆÝùݳÃÇéÁ
Ï»ñåáí í»ñ³Ññ³ï³ñ³Ï»É ·ÇñùÁ. ~ smb’s ÍáíÇ Ù»ç ÁÝϳí. Don’t ~ into me ØÇ° ѳñ-
ideas Çñ»Ý í»ñ³·ñ»É áõñÇßÇ Ùïù»ñÁ: Ó³ÏíÇñ íñ³ë:
piratical [pai΄rætikl] a Íáí³Ñ»ÝÇ, Íáí³Ñ»- pitch-dark [‚pit∫΄da:k] a ã³÷³½³Ýó ÙáõÃ,
ݳϳÝ, ³í³½³Ï³ÛÇÝ: ˳í³ñ:
pisciculture [΄pisikΛlt∫ə] n ÓÏݳμáõÍáõ- pitcher [΄pit∫ə] n ë³÷áñ, ÏáõÅ. Little ~s have
ÃÛáõÝ: long ears ä³ï»ñÝ ¿É ³Ï³Ýç áõÝ»Ý:
pistachio [pi΄sta:∫iəu] n, a åÇëï³Ï, åÇë- pitcher [΄pit∫ə] n Ùñ½. ·Ý¹³Ï Ý»ïáÕ:
ï³Ï»ÝÇ. μ³ó ϳݳ㳷áõÛÝ: pitchfork [΄pit∫fɔ:k] n »Õ³Ý. It rains ~
pistol [΄pistl] n ³ïñ׳ݳÏ: лջÕÇ å»ë ³ÝÓñ¨ ¿ ·³ÉÇë:
piston [΄pistən] n ÙËáó, ϳ÷áõÛñ: pitchy [΄pit∫i] a Ïåñáï, Ë»Åáï ÓÛáõÃáï:
piston-hold [΄pistənhəuld] n ï»Ë. ÙËáó³- piteous [΄pitiəs] a ËÕ׳ÉÇ, áÕáñÙ»ÉÇ, ËÕ׳-
ÓáÕ, ÙËáó³ÏáÃ: ѳñáõÃÛáõÝ ³é³ç³óÝáÕ:
pitfall 617 placket

pitfall [΄pitfɔ:l] n ÍáõÕ³Ï, óϳñ¹, áñá- ϳݷݻÉáõ/ϳݷ³éÇ ï»Õ. ~ of birth/work


·³ÛÃ: ÍÝݹ³í³Ûñ, ³ß˳ï³í³Ûñ. buy a ~ ÑáÕ³-
pith [piθ] n μëμ. ÙÇçáõÏ, ÍáõÍ, Ùë³ÛÇÝ Ù³ë. Ïïáñ/ïáõÝ/³Ù³é³Ýáó ·Ý»É. (ïáõÝ, μݳ-
÷Ëμ. ¿áõÃÛáõÝ. the ~ and marrow μáõÝ ¿áõ- ϳñ³Ý) come to my ~ ѳٻó»ù/»Ï»ù Ù»ñ
ÃÛáõÝÁ, áõÕÝ áõ ÍáõÍÁ: ïáõÝ She often drops at my ~ ܳ ѳ׳Ë
pithless [΄piθləs] a ÙÇçáõÏ ãáõÝ»óáÕ, ³ÝÙÇ- ·³ÉÇë ¿ Ù»½ Ùáï. (ï»Õ, Ýëï»Éáõ ï»Õ) book
çáõÏ. ÷Ëμ. ÃáõÛÉ, ÷³÷áõÏ. ÃáõɳϳÙ. ³Ý- a ~ ï»Õ å³ïíÇñ»É. Keep me a ~ ÆÝÓ Ñ³-
μáí³Ý¹³Ï: Ù³ñ ï»Õ å³ïíÇñÇñ. change ~s ï»Õ»ñÁ
pitiful [΄pitifl] a ËÕ׳ÉÇ, ËÕ×áõÏ. áÕáñÙ»ÉÇ, ÷áË»É. hold a ~ for smb Ù»ÏÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ï»Õ
ãÝãÇÝ. a ~ sight ËÕ×áõÏ ï»ë³ñ³Ý: å³Ñ»É. set a ~ (׳߳)ëå³ëù/å³ñ³·³Ý»ñ
pitifully [΄pitifli] adv ³ÕÇÕáñÙ, ëñï³×ÙÉÇÏ. ¹Ý»É. take one’s ~ Ýëï»É. (å³ßïáÝ, ¹Çñù) a
sob ~ ³ÕÇáÕáñÙ/ëñï³×ÙÉÇÏ É³ó ÉÇÝ»É. a ~ ~ in the ministry å³ßïáÝ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõ-
inadequate sum ãÝãÇÝ ·áõÙ³ñ: ÃÛáõÝáõÙ. have got a ~ at the university ѳ-
pitiless [΄pitiləs] a ³ÝËÇÕ×, ³Ý·áõÃ: Ù³Éë³ñ³Ý ÁݹáõÝí»É. high ~s ³½¹»óÇÏ
pitman [΄pitmən] n ѳÝù³÷áñ, ѳÝù³- ßñç³ÝÝ»ñ. vacant ~ ³½³ï å³ßïáÝ. going
·áñÍ. ³Í˳ѳï: ~s ÷Ëμ. ѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ áõÕ»Ïó»É. loose
pit-pat [΄pitpæt] (ݳ¨ pit-a-pat) adv His heart one’s ~ in the team ÃÇÙÇó ¹áõñë ÙݳÉ, ï»ÕÁ
went ~ Üñ³ ëÇñïÁ ëÏë»ó Ãåñï³É: ÏáñóÝ»É. look out of ~ Çñ ï»ÕáõÙ ãÉÇÝ»É. in ~
pitsaw [΄pit‚sɔ:] n »ñϳÛݳѳï ëÕáó: ï»ÕÇÝ Ñ³ñÙ³ñ. out of ~ áã ï»ÕÇÝ, ³Ý-
pittance [΄pitns] n ãÝãÇÝ Ýå³ëï, Ïáå»ÏÝ»ñ. ѳñÙ³ñ. (·ñ³í³Í ï»ÕÁ ݳ¨ ÙñóáõÛÃáõÙ)
³Õù³ïÇÏ »Ï³Ùáõï. a mere ~ ËÕ×áõÏ áÕáñ- the first/second ~ ³é³çÇÝ/»ñÏñáñ¹ ï»ÕÁ. in
ÙáõÃÛáõÝ. get paid a ~ ·ñáßÝ»ñ ëï³Ý³É: the first/second ~ ݳË, ³é³çÇÝ. »ñÏñáñ¹ in
pitter-patter [΄pitəpætə] n ѳ׳˳ÏÇ/û- the next ~ ³ÛÝáõÑ»ï¨. take ~ ï»ÕÇ áõݻݳÉ.
è³ÏÇ ÃËÏÃËÏáó: in ~ of ÷á˳ñ»Ý:
pity [΄piti]n. n ËÕ׳ѳñáõÃÛáõÝ, ϳñ»Ï- place [pleis] v ¹Ý»É, ï»Õ³íáñ»É. ~ a notice in
ó³Ýù. have/take ~ on smb Ù»ÏÇÝ ËÕ׳É, a paper ûñÃáõ٠ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É. ~
ϳñ»Ïó»É. It is a (great) ~ (ß³ï) ²÷ëáë, the child in smb’s care »ñ»Ë³ÛÇÝ áñ¨¿ Ù»ÏÇ
ó³í³ÉÇ ¿. for ~’s sake ²ëïÍáõ ëÇñáõÝ. the ~ ËݳÙùÇÝ Ñ³ÝÓÝ»É. ~ smn among the best
of it ß³°ï ³÷ëáë. out of ~ ËÕ׳Éáí. the É³í³·áõÛÝÝ»ñÇ ß³ñùáõÙ ¹³ë»É. ~ an order
more’s the ~ ³í»ÉÇ í³ï. 2. v ËÕ׳É, ϳ- å³ïí»ñ ï³É, å³ïíÇñ»É. ~ the matter in
ñ»Ïó»É, ·Ã³É: smn’s hands ·áñÍÁ Ù»ÏÇÝ Ñ³ÝÓÝ»É. (³ß˳-
pityingly [΄pitiiŋli] adv ϳñ»Ïó³Ýùáí, ³÷- ï³ÝùÇ ï»Õ³íáñ»É) They ~d him at the office
ëáë³Ýùáí: Üñ³Ý ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ ï»Õ³íáñ»óÇÝ ·ñ³-
pivot [΄pivət]1. n ëéÝÇ, ³é³Ýóù. åïïÙ³Ý ë»ÝÛ³ÏáõÙ/ûýÇëáõÙ. (ÑÇß»É, ï»ÕÁ μ»ñ»É) I
Ï»ï, ѻݳϻï, ³é³Ýóù³Ï»ï. ÷Ëμ. ÑÇÙù. can’t ~ her â»Ù ϳñáÕ ï»ÕÁ μ»ñ»É/ÑÇß»É:
Ï»ÝïñáÝ. 2. v åïïí»É, åïáõÛï ï³É/·³É:
place-hunter [΄pleis‚hΛntə] n ϳñÇ»ñÇëï:
pivotal [΄pivətl] a ÑÇÙݳϳÝ, Ï»Ýïñá- placeman [΄pleismən] n å»ï³Ï³Ý å³ß-
ݳϳÝ, ³é³Ýóù³ÛÇÝ:
ïáÝÛ³, ãÇÝáíÝÇÏ, μÛáõñáÏñ³ï:
placable [΄plækəbl] a Ñ»½, Ù»ÕÙ, μ³ñ»Ñá·Ç: placemat [΄pleismæt] n ¹ñáó, ï³Ï¹Çñ (³÷-
placard [΄plæka:d] n åɳϳï, ³½¹: ë»Ý»ñÇ, μ³Å³ÏÝ»ñÇ, ï³ù áõï»ÉÇùÇ ï³Ï):
placate [plə΄keit] v ѳݷëï³óÝ»É, ѳßï»ó- placename [΄pleisneim] n ³ß˳ñѳ·ñ³-
Ý»É:
Ï³Ý ³ÝáõÝ, ï»Õ³ÝáõÝ:
place [pleis] n ï»Õ, í³Ûñ. dangerous/quiet/ placid [΄plæsid] a ѳݹ³ñï, ˳ճÕ, ³Ý-
well-known/gloomy ~ íï³Ý·³íáñ/ѳÝ-
íñ¹áí:
·Çëï/ ѳÝñ³Ñ³Ûï/Ùé³ÛÉ ï»Õ/í³Ûñ ~ of
residence μݳÏáõÃÛ³Ý í³Ûñ. ~ of delivery
placidity [plə΄sidəti] n ѳݷëïáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ý-
¹áññáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ÝËéáíáõÃÛáõÝ:
³é³ùÙ³Ý í³Ûñ. from ~ to ~ ï»ÕÇó-ï»Õ.
give ~ ï»ÕÁ ½Çç»É ï»Õ ï³É. keep one in his
placket [΄plækit] n ßñç³½·»ëïÇ/í»ñݳ߳-
åÇÏÇ Ïïñí³Íù/·ñå³Ý:
~ Ù»ÏÇÝ Çñ ï»ÕÁ ׳ݳã»É ï³É. a stopping ~
plafond 618 planning

plafond [plæ΄fɔ:ŋ] n ×ñï. Ýϳñ³½³ñ¹ plan [plæn] n Íñ³·Çñ, åɳÝ, ѳï³Ï³·ÇÍ.


³é³ëï³Õ: detailed/daring/succesful ~ Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ/ѳ-
plagiarism [΄pleidзəriz(ə)m] n ·ñ³·áÕáõ- Ù³ñÓ³Ï/ѳçáÕ Íñ³·Çñ. draw up, make/sug-
ÃÛáõÝ, μ³Ý³·áÕáõÃÛáõÝ: gest/carry out a ~ ϳ½Ù»É/³é³ç³ñ-
plagiarist [΄pleidзərist] n ·ñ³·áÕ, μ³Ý³- Ï»É/Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É Íñ³·Çñ/åɳÝ. according
·áÕ: to ~ ѳٳӳÛÝ åɳÝÇ. the ~ of the building
plagiarize [΄pleidзəraiz] v ·ñ³·áÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ ß»ÝùÇ Ñ³ï³Ï³·ÇÍÁ:
½μ³Õí»É ~ one’s ideas Ù»ÏÇ Ùïù»ñÁ ·á- plan [plæn] v Íñ³·ñ»É, åɳݳíáñ»É, Ùï³-
ճݳÉ: ¹ñí»É. ~ a holiday ³ñÓ³Ïáõñ¹ Íñ³·ñ»É/
plague [pleig] n ųÝï³Ëï. avoid smth/smn åɳݳíáñ»É. ~ a garden ³Û·Ç ݳ˳·Í»É:
like a ~ ËëÏó. ÷³Ëã»É/Ëáõë³÷»É áñ¨¿ plane [plein] 1. n é³Ý¹³. 2. v é³Ý¹»É, ѳñ-
Ù»ÏÇó/μ³ÝÇó ÇÝãå»ë ųÝï³ËïÇó: ûóÝ»É. ù»ñ»É, ï³ß»É. ~ a board ï³Ëï³ÏÁ
plaguesome [΄pleigsəm] a ËëÏó. Ó³ÝÓñ³- é³Ý¹»É:
óáõóÇã, ëñïÝ»ÕÇã, ½³Ñɳ ï³ÝáÕ: plane [plein] n ëáëÇ, ãÇݳñÇ:
plaid [plæd] n ͳÍÏáó³ß³É, åÉ»¹: plane [plein] n Ù³Ã. ѳñÃáõÃÛáõÝ, ٳϳñ-
plain [plein] a å³ñ½, ³ÏÝ»ñ¨, ѳëϳݳÉÇ. ¹³Ï:
ѳë³ñ³Ï. ~ man/food ѳë³ñ³Ï Ù³ñ¹, plane [plein] a ѳñÃ, ѳí³ë³ñ. a ~ surface
å³ñ½ ëÝáõݹ/áõï»ÉÇù. The sense is ~ ÆÙ³ë- ѳñà ٳϻñ»ë. ~ geometry ѳñóã³÷áõ-
ïÁ å³ñ½ ¿. make ~ ѳëϳóÝ»É, ѳëϳ- ÃÛáõÝ:
ݳÉÇ ¹³ñÓÝ»É. make oneself ~ å³ñ½ plane [plein] 1. n ÇÝùݳÃÇé. go by ~ ÇÝùݳ-
³ñï³Ñ³Ûïí»É. (å³ñ½, Ñëï³Ï) ~ water ÃÇéáí ·Ý³É. single-engined/twin-engined ~
Ù³ùáõñ çáõñ. a ~ fabric/skirt Ùdz- Ù»Ï/»ñÏáõ ß³ñÅÇãáí ÇÝùݳÃÇé. jet ~ 黳Ï-
·áõÛÝ/³é³Ýó ݳËß»ñÇ ·áñÍí³Íù/ ÷»ß ïÇí ÇÝùݳÃÇé. The ~ took off/landed ÆÝù-
(³ÝÏ»ÕÍ, ßÇï³Ï) Let me be ~ with you ºë ݳÃÇéÁ Ãé³í/í³Ûñ¿çù ϳï³ñ»ó. 2. v ë³-
ù»½ ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ/ßÇï³Ï ϳë»Ù. believe in ~ deal- Ñ»É, ë³í³éÝ»Éáí ó³Íñ³Ý³É. ë³Ñ³ë³-
ing/speaking ëÇñ»É áõÕÕ³ÙïáõÃÛáõÝ, í³éÝ»É:
ßÇï³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. (áã ·»Õ»óÇÏ) ~ face/woman planet [΄plænit] n ÙáÉáñ³Ï:
ï·»Õ ¹»Ùù/ÏÇÝ: planetary [΄plænətəri] a ÙáÉáñ³Ï³ÛÇÝ, ó-
plain [plein] n ѳñóí³Ûñ, ѳñÃáõÃÛáõÝ. ~s ÷³éáÕ:
ï³÷³ëï³ÝÝ»ñ. ³Ù. ÑÛáõëÇë³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý planetree [΄pleintri:] n ëáëÇ, ãÇݳñÇ:
ï³÷³ëï³ÝÝ»ñ: planet-struck [΄plænitstrΛk] a Ëáõ׳å³-
plain-clothes [΄plein‚kleuðz] n ù³Õ³ù³- ѳñ. ³Ñ³μ»Ïí³Í£
óÇ³Ï³Ý Ñ³·áõëïáí áëïÇϳÝÝ»ñ/½ÇÝíá- plangent [΄plændзənt] a ³ÕÙáõÏáí ³÷ÇÝ
ñ³Ï³ÝÝ»ñ: ½³ñÝíáÕ (³ÉÇùÝ»ñ):
plainly [΄pleinli] adv ³ÝÏ»ÕÍáñ»Ý, å³ñ½á- plank [plæŋk] n ï³Ëï³Ï, ß»ñï³ÓáÕÇÏ.
ñ»Ý, ßÇï³Ïáñ»Ý: ùÕù. Íñ³·ñÇ Ï»ï:
plainsman [΄pleinzmən] n ѳñóí³ÛñÇ plank-bed [plæŋkbed] n ùݳï³Ëï³-
μݳÏÇã. ¹³ßï³μݳÏ: ϳٳÍ:
plain-song [΄pleinsɒŋ] n ÙdzӳÛÝ ËÙμ»ñ·: planking [΄plæŋkiŋ] n ï³Ëï³ÏáõÙ, ï³Ë-
plain-spoken [‚plein΄spəukən] a å³ñ½³- ï³Ï³å³ïáõÙ:
Ëáë. áõÕÕ³Ëáë. ßÇï³Ï: planned [plænd] a Íñ³·ñí³Í, åɳݳÛÇÝ. a
plaint [pleint] n μáÕáù, ·³Ý·³ï. Çñ³í. ~ economy åɳݳÛÇÝ ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ:
ѳÛó: planner [΄plænə] n åɳݳíáñáÕ, åɳÝÝ»ñ
plaintiff [΄pleintif] n Çñ³í. ѳÛóíáñ/áõÑÇ: ϳ½ÙáÕ. war ~s ÷Ëμ. å³ï»ñ³½ÙÇ ÑñÓÇ·-
plaintive [΄pleintiv] a óËͳÉÇ, ³ÕÇáÕáñÙ, Ý»ñ:
ëñï³×ÙÉÇÏ: planning [΄plæniŋ] n åɳݳíáñáõÙ. town ~
plait [plæt] 1. n ÑÛáõë, ͳÙ. ͳÉù ßáñÇ íñ³. ù³Õ³ùÇ åɳݳíáñáõÙ. family ~ ÍÝݹ³μ»-
wear one’s hair in a ~/~ s Ù³½»ñÁ ÑÛáõë»É, ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³ñ·³íáñáõÙ. ~ commission åɳ-
ÑÛáõë å³Ñ»É. 2. v ÑÛáõë»É (Ù³½»ñÁ): ݳíáñáÕ Ñ³ÝÓݳÅáÕáí:
plant 619 play

plant I [pla:nt] n μëμ. μáõÛë, ë³ÍÇÉ. garden ~ plasticity [plæ΄stisəti] n ×ÏáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ, åɳë-
å³ñï»½Ç μáõÛë. in ~ ³×áÕ: ïÇÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
plant II [pla:nt] n ë³ñù³íáñáõÙ, ë³ñù. ·áñ- plat [plæt] n ÷áùñ ÑáÕ³Ù³ë:
ͳñ³Ý, ý³μñÇϳ. It’s a ~ ËëÏó. ¸³ ë³ñ- platan [΄plætən] n ëáëÇ, ãÇݳñÇ:
ùáíÇ μ³Ý ¿, ˳μ»áõÃÛáõÝ ¿: plate [pleit] n ³÷ë», åݳÏ. ³Ù³Ý»Õ»Ý,
plant [pla:nt] v ïÝÏ»É, ë³ÍÇÉ»É. ~ a tree/pota- ë»Õ³ÝÇ ëå³ëù. ÃÇûÕÇÏ (ݳ¨ ÉëÝÏ.),
toes/flowers ͳé/ϳñïáýÇÉ/ͳÕÇÏÝ»ñ ûñÃÇÏ. ï³Ëï³Ï (ݳ¨ ¹é³Ý íñ³). ÷á-
ïÝÏ»É. (³ñÙ³ï³íáñ»É) ~ an idea in smb’s ñ³·ñ³Ýϳñ, ¿ëï³Ùå. silver/gold ~ ³ñͳ-
head ·³Õ³÷³ñ ³ñÙ³ï³íáñ»É. ~ in an arm- û/áëÏ» ëå³ëù. a soup/dinner ~ ËáñÁ/ »ñ»ë
chair ï»Õ³íáñí»É μ³½Ï³ÃáéáõÙ. have one’s ³÷ë». dental ~ ¹ÝáíÇ ÍÝáï. hand on a ~
feet firmly ~ed áïù»ñÇ íñ³ ³Ùáõñ Ï³Ý·Ý³Í ÷Ëμ. ëÏáõï»ÕÇ íñ³ Ù³ïáõó»É£
ÉÇÝ»É: plate [pleit] v áëÏ»½ûÍ»É, ³ñͳóå³ï»É.
plantain [΄plæntin] n μëμ. çÕ³Ëáï. »½³Ý ½ñ³Ñ³íáñ»É, ½ñ³Ñ³å³ï»É. ~ smth with
É»½áõ: gold/silver áëÏáí, ³ñͳÃáí å³ï»É:
plantation [pla:n΄tei∫n] n ïÝϳ¹³ßï. plateau [΄plætəu] n μ³ñÓñ³í³Ý¹³Ï, ë³-
ïáõÝÏ»ñ, ͳé³ïáõÝÏ»ñ: ñ³Ñ³ñÃ:
planter [΄pla:ntə] n Ëáßáñ ÑáÕ³ï»ñ: plateful [΄pleitful] n ÙÇ ÉÇùÁ ³÷ë». a ~ of
plant-louse [‚pla:nt΄laus] n ϻݹ. áõïÇ×, porridge ÙÇ ³÷ë» ßÇɳ:
μáõë³××áõ: plate glass [‚pleit΄gla:s] n ѳۻÉáõ ³å³ÏÇ. a
plaque [plæk] n ï³Ëï³Ï. a memorial ~ ~ window ѳۻɳå³ï å³ïáõѳÝ:
Ñáõß³ï³Ëï³Ï: plate rack [΄pleitræk] n ³Ù³Ý»Õ»Ý ãáñ³ó-
plash [plæ∫] n ×áÕ÷ÛáõÝ£ Ý»Éáõ ¹³ñ³Ï (ݳ¨ ϳËáíÇ):
plash [plæ∫] v ×áÕ÷»É, ×Õ÷³É. ×Õ÷ÛáõÝ platform [΄plætfɔ:m] n ϳé³Ù³ïáõÛó.
ѳݻÉ, ×Õ÷ÛáõÝáí ½³ñÏí»É/μ³Ëí»É: ѳñÃ³Ï (í³·áÝÇ). ë³Ý¹Õ³Ñ³ñóÏ.
plashy [΄plæ∫i] a ׳Ñ×áï, Ëáݳí. ×Õ÷³- ÷Ëμ., ùÕù. ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý åɳïýáñÙ.
(³ÙμÇáÝ, ׳é³μ»Ù, μ»Ù) speak from the ~
óáÕ:
μ»ÙÇó ×³é ³ñï³ë³Ý»É:
plasma [΄plæzmə] n ýǽÉ. ßÇ×áõÏ, åɳ½Ù³.
Ï»Ýë. åñáïáåɳ½Ù³:
plating [΄pleitiŋ] n ÝÇϻɳå³ïáõÙ, áëÏ»-
½ûÍáõÙ, ³ñͳóå³ïáõÙ:
plaster [΄pla:stə] n ëí³Õ, Í»÷. μÅßÏ.
ëå»Õ³ÝÇ. ~ work Í»÷³·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ of
platinum [΄plætinəm] n, a ÉáõëÝáëÏÇ, åɳ-
ïÇÝ. åɳïÇÝ»:
Paris ·Çåë. His arm is in ~ ¨Á ·ÇåëÇ Ù»ç ¿:
plaster [΄pla:stə] v ·³ç»É, Í»÷»É. ÷³ÏóÝ»É. platitude [΄plætitju:d] n ï³÷³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ,
³ÝѳÙáõÃÛáõÝ:
~ a wall å³ïÁ ëí³Õ»É. ~ a wall with posters
platitudinous [‚plæti΄tju:dinəs] a ï³÷³Ï,
å³ïÇÝ åɳϳï ÷³ÏóÝ»É. ~ one’s hair with
³ÝѳÙ, Í»Íí³Í:
oil Ù³½»ñÁ ùëáõùáí ѳñ¹³ñ»É. be absolutely
platoon [plə΄tu:n] n é½Ù. ¹³ë³Ï, áëïÇϳ-
~ed ËëÏó. Ãáõݹ ѳñμ³Í ÉÇÝ»É:
Ý³Ï³Ý çáϳï:
plaster cast [‚pla:stə΄ka:st] n ·Çåë» Í»÷³- plausibility [‚plɔ:zə΄biləti] n ѳí³Ý³Ï³-
å³ï×»Ý/ϳճå³ñ. μÅßÏ. ·ÇåëÇ (íÇñ³) ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ×ßÙ³ñï³ÝÙ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
ϳå: plausible [΄plɔ:zəbl] a ѳí³Ý³Ï³Ý, ×ßÙ³ñ-
plasterer [΄pla:stərə] n ·³ç³·áñÍ. Í»÷áÕ/ ï³Ýٳݣ
ëí³ÕáÕ μ³Ýíáñ: play [plei] n ˳Õ. fair ~ ³½ÝÇí ù³ÛÉ/í³ñ-
plastic [΄plæstik] n åɳëïÙ³ëë³. åɳëïÇ- ÙáõÝù. Ùñ½. Ë³Õ Áëï ϳÝáÝÝ»ñÇ. foul ~
Ï³Ï³Ý ½³Ý·í³Í: ã³ñ³·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ. Ùñ½. ³Ý³½ÝÇí ˳Õ. the
plastic [΄plæstik] a åɳëïÙ³ëë³ÛÇó. ·»Õ³- ~ of the fancy »ñ¨³Ï³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý Ë³Õ. a ~ on
Ï»ñï, ѳٳã³÷. the ~ arts ù³Ý¹³Ï³·áñ- words μ³é³Ë³Õ, ϳï³Ï. be at ~ ˳ճÉ.
Í³Ï³Ý ³ñí»ëï, Ï»ñï³ñí»ëï, Ï»ñå³ñ- be out of ~ ˳ÕÇó ¹áõñë ÉÇÝ»É. positional ~
í»ëï. ~ surgery åɳëïÇÏ íÇñ³μáõÅáõ- ѳٳÏóí³Í ˳Õ. (Ý»ñϳ۳óáõÙ) go to the
ÃÛáõÝ: ~ óïñáÝ ·Ý³É. produce a ~ Ý»ñϳ۳-
play 620 pleased

óáõÙ/åÇ»ë ¹Ý»É/μ»Ù³¹ñ»É. bring/call into ~ playing-card [΄pleiiŋka:d] n (ëáíñ. Ñá·Ý.)


ß³ñÅÙ³Ý Ù»ç/·áñÍÇ ¹Ý»É. come into ~ ·áñ- ˳ճÃÕûñ:
Í»É, ëÏë»É ³ß˳ï»É (ݳ¨ ÷Ëμ.). (˳Õ, playing-field [΄pleiiŋfi:ld] n (ݳ¨ play
÷³ÛÉ) the ~ of the light ÉáõÛëÇ Ë³ÕÁ/÷³ÛÉÁ. ground) ˳ճÑñ³å³ñ³Ï, Ù³ñ½³Ññ³-
(ÃáõɳóÝ»É) give the rope more ~ å³ñ³ÝÁ å³ñ³Ï:
ÃáõɳóÝ»É. rough ~ Ùñ½. ÏáåÇï ˳Õ. The play off [΄pleiɒf] n í×é³Ï³Ý ˳Õ:
ball is in/out of ~ Ùñ½. ¶Ý¹³ÏÁ ˳ÕÇ Ù»ç ¿. plaything [΄pleiθiŋ] n ˳ճÉÇù (ݳ¨
˳ÕÇó ¹áõñë ¿: ÷Ëμ.):
play [plei] v ˳ճÉ. ~ tennis/chess ûÝÇë/ playtime [΄pleitaim] n ѳݷëïÇ/ѳݷëï³-
ß³ËÙ³ï ˳ճÉ. ~ fast and loose ÷Ëμ. ³Ý- ݳÉáõ ųٳݳÏ:
í×é³Ï³Ý ÉÇÝ»É. ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ ãÉÇÝ»É. ~ high Ù»Í playwright [΄pleirait] n ¹ñ³Ù³ïáõñ·,
·áõÙ³ñáí ˳ճÉ. ~ into smb’s hands Ù»ÏÇ Ã³ï»ñ³·Çñ:
çñ³Õ³óÇÝ çáõñ ÉóÝ»É. ~ upon one’s feelings plea [pli:] n Ëݹñ³Ýù, ³Õ»ñë³Ýù, ³Õ³-
Ù»ÏÇ ½·³óÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï ˳ճÉ. ~ a trick ã³Ýù. a ~ for help û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ÛóáõÙ. a ~
ϳï³Ï ³Ý»É, ûÛÇÝ ë³ñù»É. ~ a major role for mercy Çñ³í. Ý»ñÙ³Ý Ëݹñ³·Çñ. hold
ϳñ¨áñ ¹»ñ ˳ճÉ. ~ the fool ÑÇÙ³ñ ~s ¹³ï³ñ³Ý Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É. (å³ïñí³Ï,
Ó¨³Ý³É. ~ for time ųٳݳÏÁ Ó·»É. »ñÅß. ³ñ¹³ñ³óáõÙ) on the ~ that he was ill ÑÇí³Ý¹
ϳï³ñ»É, Ýí³·»É. ~ the piano/violin ¹³ß- ÉÇÝ»Éáõ å³ïñí³Ïáí:
ݳÙáõñ/çáõÃ³Ï Ýí³·»É. ~ Mozart Øáó³ñï plead [pli:d] v Ëݹñ»É, ³Õ»ñë»É. ~ for more
ϳï³ñ»É. (ó³Ûï»É, Ë÷»É) Fountains were time Ëݹñ»É ųÙÏ»ïÁ »ñϳñ³óÝ»É. ~
~ing Þ³ïñí³ÝÝ»ñÁ Ë÷áõÙ ¿ÇÝ. ~ to the gal- guilty/not guilty Çñ³í. Ù»Õ³íáñ ã/׳ݳã»É.
lery ÷Ëμ. ~ off Ù»ÏÇ ·ÉËÇÝ Ë³Õ Ë³Õ³É. ~ ~ insanity ³ÝÙ»Õë³·Çï³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ, ³ÝÙ»Õ-
on/upon μ³é³Ë³Õ ³Ý»É. û·ï³·áñÍ»É. ~ ëáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ å³ï׳é μ»ñ»É/μéݻɣ
on smn’s credulity íëï³ÑáõÃÛáõÝÝ û·ï³·áñ- pleader [΄pli:də] n å³ßïå³Ý, ÷³ëï³μ³Ý:
Í»É. ~ through ÙÇÝ㨠í»ñç ѳëóÝ»É, ³í³ñ- pleading [΄pli:diŋ] n ÙÇçÝáñ¹áõÃÛáõÝ, μ³ñ»-
ï»É: ËáëáõÃÛáõÝ. Çñ³í. å³ßïå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ.
playable [΄pleiəbl] a Ýí³·»Éáõ/˳ճÉáõ Çñ³í. ѳÛóíáñÇ ¨ å³ï³ë˳ÝáÕÇ Ñ³Û-
ѳٳñ åÇï³ÝÇ/ѳñÙ³ñ: ï³ñ³ñáõÃáõÝÝ»ñÁ. Çñ³í. ¹³ï³Ï³Ý
play-actor [΄plei‚æktə] n ÷Ëμ. Ï»ÕÍ/áã ³ñ³ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ:
ßÇï³Ï Ù³ñ¹: pleasant [΄pleznt] a ѳ׻ÉÇ, ¹áõñ»Ï³Ý,
play-bill [΄pleibil] n ³½¹, ³ýÇß: ѳٳÏñ»ÉÇ. ëÇñ³ÉÇñ. ~ smell/voice/work
playboy [΄pleibɔi] ûèëáÉÇÏ/Ãñ¨ »ÏáÕ Ñ³×»ÉÇ μáõñÙáõÝù /Ó³ÛÝ/³ß˳ï³Ýù. make
»ñÇï³ë³ñ¹: oneself ~ to ëÇñ³ÉÇñ ÉÇÝ»É. ~ person ѳٳÏ-
play-day [΄pleidei] n ³ñÓ³Ïáõñ¹ ¹åñáó³- ñ»ÉÇ ³ÝÓݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ weather É³í »Õ³-
ϳÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. áã ³ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ ûñ: ݳÏ:
player [΄pleiə] n Ùñ½. ˳ճóáÕ, ˳ÕÇ pleasantness [΄plezntnəs] n ѳ׻ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ,
Ù³ëݳÏÇó. ˳ճÙáÉ, ÙáÉÇ Ë³Õ³óáÕ. ¹áõñ»Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
»ñÅß. »ñ³ÅÇßï-ϳï³ñáÕ. óïñ. ¹»ñ³- please [pli:z] 1. v ·áѳóÝ»É, ѳ×áõÛù å³ï-
ë³Ý. viola ~ ³Éï Ýí³·áÕ: ׳é»É. ¹áõñ ·³É. be ~d ·áÑ ÉÇÝ»É. Your work
playfellow [΄plei‚feləu] n (ݳ¨ ~ mate) ~d me ÆÝÓ ¹áõñ »Ï³í Ó»ñ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ. be
˳ÕÁÝÏ»ñ, Ù³ÝÏáõÃÛ³Ý ÁÝÏ»ñ: anxious to ~ ç³Ý³É ·áѳóÝ»É. You can’t ~
playful [΄pleifl] a ÅÇñ, ϳÛï³é. í³éíéáõÝ, everyone âÇ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ μáÉáñÇÝ ·áѳóÝ»É.
áõñ³Ë. ˳ÕáõÝ, Ñ»·Ý³Ï³Ý: (áõ½»Ý³É, ϳٻݳÉ) As you ~ ÆÝãå»ë
playfulness [΄pleiflnəs] n ÅñáõÃÛáõÝ, ϳÛ- Ïϳٻݳù. As many as you ~ àñù³Ý
ï³éáõÃÛáõÝ, ã³ñ³××ÇáõÃÛáõÝ: Ïϳٻݳù. 2. adv Ëݹñ»Ù. Come in, ~
playgoer [΄plei‚gəuə] n óï»ñ³ë»ñ, óï- Êݹñ»Ù, Ý»ñë »Ï»ù. If you ~ ´³ñÇ »Õ»ù:
ñáݳë»ñ: pleased [pli:zd] a ·áÑ, áõñ³Ë. ~ to meet you
playhouse [΄pleihaus] n ¹ñ³Ù³ïÇÏ³Ï³Ý àõñ³Ë »Ù Ó»½ Ñ»ï ͳÝáóݳÉ. be ~ with
óïñáÝ: the results ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÇó ·áÑ ÉÇÝ»É. I‘m ~
pleasing 621 plot

for you àõñ³Ë »Ù Ó»½ ѳٳñ. You can’t ~ time Ø»Ýù ³ÛÝï»Õ ݳËûñáù ·Ý³óÇÝù:
everyone âÇ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ μáÉáñÇÝ ·áѳóÝ»É: plenty [΄plenti] adv ËëÏó. μ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ, ÉÇá-
pleasing [΄pli:ziŋ] a ѳ׻ÉÇ, ¹áõñ»Ï³Ý, íÇÝ, Ùdzݷ³Ù³ÛÝ. ~ big enough μ³í³Ï³-
·ñ³íÇã: ÝÇÝ Ù»Í. ~ rich enough ÉÇáíÇÝ Ñ³ñáõëï:
pleasurable [pleзərəbl] a ·áѳóÝáÕ, ѳ- pleura [΄pluərə] n ɳÝç³Ã³Õ³ÝÃ, åɨñ³:
×»ÉÇ£ pleurisy [΄pluərəsi] n μÅßÏ. Ãáù³ÙÇ½Ç μáñ-
pleasure [΄pleзə] n ѳ×áõÛù, μ³í³Ï³Ýáõ- μáùáõÙ, åɨñÇï:
ÃÛáõÝ. ½í³ñ׳Ýù. great/real ~ Ù»Í/ÇëÏ³Ï³Ý pliable [΄plaiəbl] a ×ÏáõÝ, ¹Ûáõñ³Ã»ù. ÷Ëμ.
ѳ×áõÛù. get/receive/derive ~ ѳ×áõÛù ëï³- ½ÇçáÕ, ï»ÕÇ ïíáÕ:
ݳÉ. with ~ ѳ×áõÛùáí. It’s my ~ ¸³ ÇÝÓ Ñ³- pliability [‚plaiə΄biləti] n ×ÏáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ,
Ù³ñ ѳ×áõÛù ¿. It gives me great ~ ÆÝÓ Ù»Í ¹Ûáõñ³Ã»ùáõÃÛáõÝ. ½ÇçáճϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
ѳ×áõÛù ¿ å³ï׳éáõÙ. take ~ in μ³í³- pliant [΄plaiənt] a ×ÏáõÝ£
ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ ëï³Ý³É. at ~ ϳÙùáí, ó³ÝÏáõ- pliers [΄plaiəz] n ï³÷³Ï³μ»ñ³Ý ³ùó³Ý:
ÃÛ³Ùμ. on ~ bent ½í³ñ׳ë»ñ. ½í³ñ×áõ- plight [plait] n íÇ׳Ï, ϳóáõÃÛáõÝ. in a
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ïí³Í. ~ craft ½μáë³Ý³í. wretched ~ Ãßí³é íÇ׳ÏáõÙ. in an evil ~
(Ññ³íÇñ³ïáÙë-ݳٳÏ) I/We request the ~ ß³ï í³ï íÇ׳ÏáõÙ:
of your company at dinner Ðñ³íÇñáõÙ »Ýù Ó»½ plimsolls [΄plimslz] n Ù³ñ½³Ï³Ý Ù³ßÇÏ-
Ý»ñϳ ÉÇÝ»É (ѳݹÇë³íáñ) ׳ßÏ»ñáõÛÃÇÝ£ Ý»ñ/ãëï»ñ:
pleat [pli:t]1. n ͳÉù, åÉÇë». accordian ~s plod [plɒd] n ͳÝñ ù³ÛÉí³Íù/³ß˳ï³Ýù:
·áýñ». a skirt with ~s ͳÉù»ñáí ßñç³- plod [plɒd] v ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ ù³ÛÉ»É. He ~ded
½·»ëï. 2. v ͳÉù»ñ ³Ý»É (ѳ·áõëïÇ íñ³): his weary way ܳ Ñá·Ý³Í ù³ÛÉáõÙ ¿ñ Çñ
plebeian [plə΄bi:ən] n é³ÙÇÏ, åÉ»μ»Û: ׳ݳå³ñÑáí. He is still ~ding at his home
plebiscite [΄plebisait] n ѳÝñ³ùí»: work. ËëÏó. ܳ ¹»é ïùÝáõÙ ¿ Çñ ïݳÛÇÝ
pledge [pledз] n ·ñ³í, ·ñ³í³Ï³Ý. put in ~ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ íñ³:
·ñ³í ¹Ý»É. take out of ~ ·ñ³íÇó ѳݻÉ/ plodder [΄plɒdə] n ËëÏó. ³Ý¹áõÉ/³ÝËáÝç
³½³ï»É. leave in ~ ·ñ³í ÃáÕÝ»É. as a ~ of ³ß˳ïáÕ Ù³ñ¹:
one’s intentions ÷Ëμ. áñå»ë Ùï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ- plodding [΄plɒdiŋ] a ïáÏáõÝ, ³ß˳ï³ë»ñ,
Ý»ñÇ ·ñ³í³Ï³Ý: Åñ³ç³Ý:
pledge [pledз] v ·ñ³í ¹Ý»É, »ñ³ß˳íáñ»É, plosion [΄pləuзn] n ÑÝã. å³ÛÃÛáõÝ:
ËáëïáõÙ ï³É. ~ one’s help Ëáëï³Ý³É û·- plosive [΄pləusiv] n ÑÝã. å³ÛÃ³Ï³Ý μ³Õ³-
Ý»É. be ~d to secrecy »ñ¹í»É Éé»É: Ó³ÛÝ:
pledgee [‚pledз΄i:] n ·ñ³í³éáõ: plonk [plɒŋk] v ßåñï»É. ~ the picture down
plenary [΄pli:nəri] a Éñ³Ï³½Ù, Édz·áõÙ³ñ. on the table ÝϳñÁ ßåñï»É ë»Õ³ÝÇÝ. ~ one-
~ meeting Édz·áõÙ³ñ ÝÇëï. self on the sofa (í»ñ)ÁÝÏÝ»É μ³½ÙáóÇÝ:
plenipotentiary [‚plenipə΄ten∫əri]1. n Édz- plop [plɒp] n ãÉÙ÷áó. ×ÉÙ÷áó. It fell with a ~
½áñ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇã. 2. a Édz½áñí³Í, Édz- into the water ²ÛÝ ãÉÙ÷áóáí çáõñÝ ÁÝϳí:
½áñ: plot [plɒt] n μ³Ýë³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ·ñÏ. ѳٳ-
plentitude [΄plentitju:d] n ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ, ³é³- éáï μáí³Ý¹³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ëÛáõÅ». ùÕù. ¹³-
ïáõÃÛáõÝ: í³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ¹³í. discover a ~ ¹³í³¹ñáõ-
plentiful [΄plentifl] a ³é³ï, ÉÇáõÉÇ, ѳ- ÃÛáõÝÁ μ³ó»É/ѳÛïݳμ»ñ»É:
ñáõëï. Apples are ~ this year ²Ûë ï³ñÇ plot [plɒt] n ÑáÕ³Ù³ë, ÑáÕ³Ïïáñ. ³Ù.
ËÝÓáñÇ ³é³ï μ»ñù ϳ. a ~ supply Ù»Í åɳÝ, ·Í³·Çñ. a vegatable ~ μ³Ýç³ñ³ÝáóÇ
å³ß³ñ/Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñáõÙ: ÑáÕ³Ïïáñ. a building ~ ßÇݳñ³ñ³Ï³Ý
plenty [΄plenti] n ³é³ïáõÃÛáõÝ, ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ ï³ñ³Íù:
of ß³ï. in ~ ³é³ï. ~ of food/reasons ß³ï plot [plɒt] v ¹³í ÝÛáõûÉ, μ³Ýë³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ
³é³ï áõï»ÉÇù/å³ï׳éÝ»ñ. (μ³í³Ï³- ³Ý»É ~ to overthrow the government ¹³í³¹-
ݳã³÷) ~ of time μ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ ųٳ- ñáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñå»É ϳé³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ
ݳÏ. have got ~ to live on ³åñáõëïÇ/ÏÛ³ÝùÇ ï³å³É»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí. ~ a murder ëå³-
ѳٳñ μ³í³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É. We got there in ~ of ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ¹³í»É:
plou(gh) 622 plural

plou(gh) [plau] n ·áõóÝ. the P~ ³ëïÕ·. íÇÝ. ~ crazy ÉñÇí Ë»ÉùÁ Ãéóñ³Í:
Ø»Í ²ñçÇ Ñ³Ù³ëï»ÕáõÃÛáõÝ: plumber [΄plΛmə] n çñÙáõÕ³·áñÍ, ½á¹áÕ
plough [plau] v í³ñ»É, Ñ»ñÏ»É. ~ (up) a field í³ñå»ï:
¹³ßïÁ Ñ»ñÏ»É. ~ up one’s way ÷Ëμ. ׳ݳ- plumbery [΄plΛməri] n çñÙáõÕ³ÛÇÝ ³ß-
å³ñÑ Ñ³ñûÉ, ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ ³ÝóÝ»É. ~ up ˳ï³Ýù. ½á¹Ù³Ý ³ñÑ»ëï³Ýáó:
the book through to the end ÷Ëμ. ·ÇñùÁ ÙÇÝ㨠plumbing [΄plΛmiŋ] n çñÙáõÕ. the ~ çñÙáõÕ-
í»ñç ѳÕóѳñ»É. ~ back profits ïÝï. ß³- ÏáÛáõÕÇ:
ÑáõÛÃÁ ßñç³Ý³éáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ¹Ý»É. (Ïïñí»É, plumbline [΄plΛmlain] n (ݳ¨ plummet)
Ó³ËáÕí»É) ~ the exam ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝÇó ½³éÇí³Ûñ, áõÕÕ³μ»ñÓ É³Ýç:
Ïïñí»É. They ~ed me in physics üǽÇϳÛÇó plumbum [΄plΛmbəm] n ùÇÙ. ϳå³ñ:
Ïïñ»óÇÝ: plume [plu:m] n ÷»ïáõñ, ÷»ïñ³½³ñ¹. ~
ploughman [΄plaumən] n ÑáÕ³·áñÍ, í³ñ oneself ·áéέݳÉ, ÷ùí»É:
³ÝáÕ, Ù³×ϳÉ: plummet [΄plΛmit] v ÏïñáõÏ (Ï»ñåáí)
plover [΄plΛvə] n ϻݹ. ¹³ßï³Ïïó³ñ ÁÝÏÝ»É. The plane ~ed ino the sea ÆÝùݳÃÇéÁ
(ÃéãáõÝ): ÁÝϳí ÍáíÇ Ù»ç. Prices have ~ed ¶Ý»ñÁ
pluck [plΛk] n ³ñÇáõÃÛáõÝ, Ëǽ³ËáõÃÛáõÝ, ÏïñáõÏ ÁÝϳÝ:
ù³çáõÃÛáõÝ. full of ~ Ëǽ³Ë, ³Ýí»Ñ»ñ, plummy [΄plΛmi] a ݳ˳ÝÓ»ÉÇ, ɳí,
ù³ç³ñÇ: Ó»éÝïáõ:
pluck [plΛk] v ù³Õ»É, ѳí³ù»É. ~ a flower/ plump [plΛmp] a ÉÇùÁ, ÃÙμÉÇÏ. a ~ baby
an apple ͳÕÇÏ ù³Õ»É. ËÝÓáñ ѳí³ù»É. ÃÙμÉÇÏ »ñ»Ë³. a ~ bird ã³ÕÉÇÏ ÃéãáõÝ:
(÷»ïñ»É, Ù³ùñ»É) ~ a bird/one’s eyebrows plump [plΛmp] v ·»ïÝÇÝ ¹ËϳÉ. ¹Ù÷³Éáí
ÃéãáõÝ ÷»ïñ»É, ÑáÝù»ñÁ ѳݻÉ. »ñÅß. ~ í³Ûñ ÁÝÏÝ»É:
strings ɳñ»ñÇÝ Ë÷»É/¹Çåã»É ~ at μéÝ»É. ~ plumy [΄plu:mi] a ÷»ïáõñÝ»ñáí ͳÍÏí³Í,
up courage ÷Ëμ. áõÅ»ñÁ ѳí³ù»É. ëÇñï ³- ÷»ïñ³½³ñ¹:
Ý»É: plunder [΄plΛndə] n ÏáÕáåáõï, óɳÝ,
plucky [΄plΛki] a ù³ç, Ëǽ³Ë, ³Ýí»Ñ»ñ: ³í³ñ:
plug [plΛg] n Ëó³Ý, ÷³ÏÇã, ϳÉÝÇã. ¿É. Ëñá- plunder [΄plΛndə] v ÏáÕáåï»É, óɳݻÉ:
ó³Ï, a three point ~ »ñ»ù ý³½» Ëñáó³Ï. the plunderer [΄plΛndərə] n ÏáÕáåïÇã, ³í³-
socket for the ~ Ëñáó³ÏÇ í³ñ¹³ÏÁ. pull the ñ³éáõ:
~ (½áõ·³ñ³ÝÇ) çáõñÁ ù³ß»É. ~ hole ÏáÝ- plunge [plΛndз] n ëáõ½áõÙ, Ëáñ³ëáõ½áõÙ,
ùÇ/Éá·³ñ³ÝÇ ³Ýóù. ÑÙÏñ·. ~- in card Áݹ- Ëáñ³ëáõ½í»ÉÁ. ÁÝÏÕÙáõÙ. take the ~ ÷Ëμ.
ɳÛÙ³Ý ïå³ë³É: í×é³Ï³Ý ù³ÛÉ ³Ý»É, ѳٳñÓ³Ïí»É, ëÇñï
plug [plΛg] v Ëó³Ý»É, ÷³Ï»É. Ëñáó³ÏÁ ³Ý»É. go for a ~ ëáõ½í»É:
ÙïóÝ»É. ~ in ÙdzóÝ»É. ~ in a radio/a lamp é³- plunge [plΛndз] v ÁÝÏÕÙ(í)»É, ëáõ½(í)»É. ~
¹ÇáÝ/ɳÙåÁ ÙdzóÝ»É. ~ a new product into the water Ý»ïí»É/ëáõ½í»É çñÇ Ù»ç.
ïÝï., ËëÏó. Ýáñ ³åñ³Ýù ·áí³½¹»É. ~ (ÙïóÝ»É, ËáûÉ) ~ one’s hand into the hole
away ËëÏó. ïùÝ»É: Ó»éùÁ ³ÝóùÇ Ù»ç ÙïóÝ»É. ~ the sword ~
plug-switch [΄plΛgswit∫] n Ëñáó³Ï³ÛÇÝ ¹³ßáõÛÝÁ Ëñ»É. ~d into the darkness ÙÃáõ-
³Ýç³ïÇã: ÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÁÝÏÕÙí³Í. ~d into gloom ÷Ëμ.
plum [plΛm] n ë³Éáñ, ë³Éáñ»ÝÇ. French ~ íѳïí³Í:
¹³ÙμáõÉ ~ jam ë³ÉáñÇ Ùáõñ³μ³/ç»Ù. ËëÏó. plunger [΄plΛndзə] n ËëÏó. çñ³ëáõ½³Ï,
ÁÝïÇñ μ³Ý. have a ~ job ÷Ëμ. ÁÝïÇñ ëáõ½³Ï. ˳ճÙáÉ. ï»Ë. ÙËáó:
³ß˳ï³Ýù áõݻݳÉ: plunging [΄plΛndзiŋ] a ëáõ½íáÕ, ÁÝÏÕÙíáÕ:
plumage [΄plu:midз] n ÷»ïñ³íáñáõÙ, plunk [plΛŋk] n ÑÝãÛáõÝ, Ó³ÛÝ (ÏÇóéÇ É³-
÷»ïáõñÝ»ñ: ñ»ñÇ):
plumb [plΛm] 1. n ϳå³ñ, ϳå³ñ³É³ñ. plunk [plΛŋk] v ½Ý·áõÝ Ó³ÛÝ ³ñӳϻÉ. áõ-
2. a áõÕÕ³ÓÇ·, áõÕճѳ۳ó. 3. adv ×Çßï, Å»Õ Ññ»É. ·ó»É, Ý»ï»É, ßåñï»É:
×ßïáñ»Ý. áõÕճѳ۳ó. ~ in the middle ×Çßï plural [΄pluərəl] n, a ù»ñ. Ñá·Ý³ÏÇ ÃÇí.
Ù»çï»ÕáõÙ. ËëÏó. Ùdzݷ³Ù³ÛÝ, μáÉáñá- μ³½Ù³ÏÇ, μ³½Ù³ù³Ý³Ï, Ñá·Ý³ÏÇ:
plurality 623 point

plurality [pluə΄ræləti] n Ñá·Ý³ÏÇáõÃÛáõÝ, Ñáõß³ï»ïñ. ¹ñ³Ù³å³Ý³Ï. ³Ù. ËëÏó.


μ³½Ù³ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ, Ó³ÛÝ»ñÇ Ù»Í³Ù³ë- ϳݳóÇ å³Ûáõë³Ï:
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: pocketful [΄pɒkitful] a ÉÇùÁ ·ñå³Ý:
plus [plΛs] n ·áõÙ³ñÙ³Ý Ýß³Ý, åÉÛáõë: pockmark [΄pɒkma:k] n ͳÕϳëåÇ, ͳÕ-
plus [plΛs] a ¹ñ³Ï³Ý, Éñ³óáõóÇã. a ~ quantity ϳã»ã:
¹ñ³Ï³Ý Ù»ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. the ~ sign åÉÛáõë pockmarked [΄pɒkma:kt] a ͳÕϳï³ñ,
Ýß³ÝÁ: ã»ãáï:
plus-fours [‚plΛs΄fɔ:z] n Ùñ½. ϳñ× ß³É- pod [pɒd] 1. n å³ïÇ×, å³ïÛ³Ý, μáÅáÅ. 2.
í³ñ: v ÏÉå»É, å³ïÇ×³Ñ³Ý ³Ý»É. ~ peas ëÇë»éÁ
plush [plΛ∫] n åÉÛáõß. åÉÇë. (μ³Ùμ³Ï», ѳ- å³ïÇ×³Ñ³Ý ³Ý»É:
ë³ñ³Ï) óíÇß: pod [pɒd] n »ñ³Ù³Ï (Ï»ï»ñÇ, Íáí³óáõ-
plushy [΄plΛ∫i] a óíßÛ³, óíß³ÝÙ³Ý: É»ñÇ). »ñ³Ù (ÃéãáõÝÝ»ñÇ):
pluvious [΄plu:viəs] a ³ÝÓñ¨³ÛÇÝ: podded [΄pɒdid] a å³ïÇ׳íáñ. ÷Ëμ. áõÝ»-
íáñ, ѳñáõëï:
ply [plai] v ͳÉù, ß»ñï.
ply [plai] n ͳÉù, ß»ñï. ~ wood »é³ß»ñï podgy [΄pɒdзi] a ËëÏó. ϳñ× áõ ѳëï:
ý³Ý»ñ³. 3 ~wool »é³ß»ñï μñ¹Û³ ûÉ:
podium [΄pəudiəm] n ÑÇÙݳå³ïí³Ý¹³Ý:
ply-wood [΄plaiwud] n Ýñμ³ï³Ëï³Ï, poem [΄pəuim] n μ³Ý³ëï»ÕÍáõÃÛáõÝ, åá»Ù.
ý³Ý»ñ³:
poesy [΄pəuizi] n åỽdz:
pneumatic [nju΄mætik] n û¹Ç ×ÝßÙ³Ùμ poet [΄pəuit] n åá»ï, μ³Ý³ëï»ÕÍ:
·áñÍáÕ. åݨٳïÇÏ:
poetess [‚pəui΄tes] n μ³Ý³ëï»ÕÍáõÑÇ:
pneumonia [nju΄məuniə] n Ãáù»ñÇ μáñ- poetic [pəu΄etik], poetical [pəu΄etikl] a
μ³Ý³ëï»ÕͳϳÝ, åá»ï³Ï³Ý:
μáùáõÙ:
poetry [΄pəuətri] n åỽdz, μ³Ý³ëï»Õͳ-
poach I [pəut∫] v ~ eggs ËÑñ. ÓáõÝ ³é³Ýó Ï³Ý ³ñí»ëï. English ~ ³Ý·ÉÇ³Ï³Ý åá»-
Ï×»åÇ »÷»É (»é³óáÕ çñÇ Ù»ç.) ~ fish ÓáõÏÁ
½Ç³. write ~ μ³Ý³ëï»ÕÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ·ñ»É. a
ß᷻˳߻É:
book of ~ μ³Ý³ëï»ÕÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÅáÕáí³-
poach II [pəut∫] v áñë³·áÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ Íáõ:
½μ³Õí»É. ³åûñÇÝÇ ÓáõÏ áñë³É, áõñÇßÇ poignancy [΄pɔinjənsi] n ëñáõÃÛáõÝ, ˳ÛÃá-
ÑáÕ³Ù³ëÇ ËáïÁ ïñáñ»É. don’t ~ on my pre- ÕáõÃÛáõÝ:
serves ÷Ëμ. ÇÙ Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ poignant [΄pɔinjənt] a ëáõñ, ÏÍáõ, ˳ÛÃÇã.
áïÝÓ·áõÃÛáõÝ ã³Ý»É: ÷Ëμ. ¹³éÁ, ³ÕÇ, ï³Ýç³ÉÇó:
poacher [΄pəut∫ə] n áñë³·áÕ: poignantly [΄pɔinjəntli] adv ëáõñ/ÏÍáõ/
pocket [΄pɒkit] n ·ñå³Ý. ÷Ëμ. ÷áÕ, ï³Ýç³ÉÇó Ï»ñåáí:
ѳñëïáõÃÛáõÝ. ³í. û¹³ÛÇÝ ÷áë. inside/out- point [pɔint] n Ï»ï. boiling/freezing ~ »é-
side/empty ~ Ý»ñëÇ/¹ñëÇ/¹³ï³ñÏ ·ñå³Ý. Ù³Ý/ë³é»óÙ³Ý Ï»ï. ~ of view ï»ë³Ï»ï.
~ flashlight ·ñå³ÝÇ ¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³Ý ɳåï»ñ. (ѳßíÇ Ùdzíáñ) five ~ three ÑÇÝ· ³ÙμáÕç
deep ~s ѳñëïáõÃÛáõÝ/÷áÕ áõݻݳÉÁ. be »ñ»ù ï³ëÝáñ¹³Ï³Ý. The temperature went
in/out of ~ ÷áÕ áõݻݳÉ. ÷áÕ»ñ ÏáñóÝ»É, up two ~s æ»ñÙ³ëïÇ׳ÝÁ »ñÏáõ ³ëïÇ׳-
íݳë Ïñ»É. s of resistance ÷Ëμ. ¹ÇÙ³¹- Ýáí μ³ñÓñ³ó³í. gain/score a ~ Ùdzíáñ ß³-
ñáõÃÛ³Ý ûç³ËÝ»ñ. dip into one’s ~ ³é³ï³- Ñ»É. Ùñ½. number of ~s ÙdzíáñÝ»ñÇ ù³Ý³-
Ó»éÝ ÉÇÝ»É, ÷áÕ Í³Ëë»É. line one’s ~ ÏÁ. Ùñ½. You have a ~ Ø»Ï Ùdzíáñª Ó»ñ
·ñå³ÝÝ»ñÁ ÉóÝ»É. ~ money/knife ·ñå³ÝÇ û·ïÇÝ. Ùñ½. (ï»Õ, í³Ûñ) ~ of departure Ù»Ï-
÷áÕ/¹³Ý³Ï: ݳϻï. ~ of starting Ù»ÏݳñÏÇ Ï»ï. ~s of the
pocket [΄pɒkit] v ·ñå³ÝÁ ¹Ý»É, ·ñå³Ý»É, compass ÏáÕÙݳóáõÛóÇ ÏáÕÙ»ñÁ. cardinal ~s
Ûáõñ³óÝ»É. ~ the change Ù³ÝñÁ ·ñå³ÝÁ ³ß˳ñÑÇ ãáñë ÏáÕÙ»ñÁ. a turning ~
¹Ý»É. ~ all the money ³ÙμáÕç ÷áÕÁ ·ñå³- ßñç³¹³ñÓ³ÛÇÝ Ï»ï. the highest ~ in Scotland
Ý»É/ Ûáõñ³óÝ»É. ~ one’s pride ÷Ëμ. Ñå³ñ- ³Ù»Ý³μ³ñÓñ Ï»ïÁ ÞáïɳݹdzÛáõÙ. at this
ïáõÃÛáõÝÁ ½áѳμ»ñ»É/Ññ³Å³ñí»É: ~ ³Ûë ï»ÕáõÙ. at any ~ ó³Ýϳó³Í ï»-
pocket-book [΄pɒkitbuk] n Íáó³ï»ïñ, ÕáõÙ/í³ÛñáõÙ. be on the ~ of å³ïñ³ëïí»É.
point 624 pole

(·áñÍ, ѳñó) in ~ of fact Çñ³Ï³ÝáõÙ. the ~ in ѳÍ. a ~ existence ³ÝÙÇï ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ. Talk-
question ùÝݳñÏíáÕ ÝÛáõÃÁ. speak to the ~ ing about it is ~ ²Û¹ Ù³ëÇÝ Ëáë»ÉÁ ³ÝÙÇï ¿.
Ëáë»É ÝÛáõÃÇ ßáõñçÁ. at all ~s μáÉáñ ÏáÕÙ»- ~ remark ³Ýï»ÕÇ/ï³ñ³å³ï»Ñ ¹ÇïáÕáõ-
ñÇó/¹»åù»ñáõÙ. keep to the ~ ãß»Õí»É. a ~ of ÃÛáõÝ:
honour å³ïíÇ Ñ³ñó. the main ~s ·É˳íáñ poise [pɔiz] n ѳí³ë³ñ³ÏßéáõÃÛáõÝ, ϳÛáõ-
Ï»ï»ñÁ. ~ by ~ Ï»ï ³é Ï»ï. make one’s ~ ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ÷Ëμ. Ï»óí³Íù:
clear Çñ ï»ë³Ï»ïÝ ³ñï³Ñ³Ûï»É. in ~ of poise [pɔiz] v ѳí³ë³ñ³Ïßé»É. ÷Ëμ.
ÇÝã í»ñ³μ»ñáõÙ ¿, ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ. (ë³Ûñ, ͳÛñ. Ïßé³¹³ï»É. The tiger ~d ready to jump
μ»ñ³Ý) a sharp ~ ëáõñ ͳÛñ. the ~ of a nee- ì³·ñÁ å³ïñ³ëïí»ó ÃéÇãùÇ:
dle/pencil ³ë»ÕÇ/Ù³ïÇïÇ Í³ÛñÁ. at the ~ of poison [΄pɔizn] n ÃáõÛÝ, Ãáõݳíáñ ÝÛáõÃ. hate
ݳËûñ»ÇÝ, »½ñÇÝ, ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ. (¿áõ- like ~ ë³ëïÇÏ ³ï»É. ~ gas Ãáõݳíáñ ·³½:
ÃÛáõÝÁ, ϳñ¨áñ Ù³ëÁ) That’s just the ~ poison [΄pɔizn] v Ãáõݳíáñ»É. ~ oneself Çñ»Ý
¶áñÍÁ/гñóÁ Ñ»Ýó ¹³ ¿. I don’t get the ~ â»Ù Ãáõݳíáñ»É. (÷ã³óÝ»É. íݳë³Ï³ñ ³½¹»-
ѳëϳÝáõÙ ÇÙ³ëïÁ. miss the whole ~ óáõÃÛáõÝ ·áñÍ»É) a ~ed finger óñ³Ë³-
ÇÙ³ëïÁ ãѳëϳݳÉ. The ~ is that ... гñóÝ Ï³É³Í Ù³ï:
³ÛÝ ¿, áñ... the ~ of the joke ϳï³ÏÇ poisoner [΄pɔiznə] n ÃáõݳíáñÇã. Ãáõݳ-
ÙÇïùÁ/³ÕÁ. one’s strong/week ~ Ù»ÏÇ áõ- íáñáÕ:
Å»Õ/ÃáõÛÉ ÏáÕÙÁ. have one’s ~s ³ñųÝÇùÝ»ñ poisoning [΄pɔizniŋ] n ÃáõݳíáñáõÙ, Ãáõݳ-
áõݻݳÉ. the ~s »ñÏÃ. ëɳù, áõÕ»÷áË ëɳù. íáñ»ÉÁ. í³ñ³ÏáõÙ:
switch the ~s over ëɳùÝ»ñÁ ÷áË»É: poisonous [΄pɔiznəs] a Ãáõݳíáñ. ÷Ëμ. Ãáõ-
point [pɔint] v Ýß»É, óáõÛó ï³É, Ù³ïݳÝß»É. Ýáï, ÃáõݳÉÇó. ã³ñ. a ~ snake Ãáõݳíáñ ûÓ.
check- out ~í»ñ³ÑëÏÇã/ëïáõ·Çã Ï»ï/ϳ- a ~ tongue ÃáõÝáï/ÏÍáõ É»½áõ. a ~ remark
Û³Ý.~ the way ׳ݳå³ñÑÁ óáõÛó ï³É. ~ out ÃáõÝáï/ÏÍáõ ¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ:
smb’s faults Ù»ÏÇ Ã»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ Ýß»É. ~ a poke [pəuk] n Ññáó, μáÃáó. ËëÏó. ÍáõÛÉ/¹³Ý-
moral/a contrast Áݹ·Í»É μ³ñá۳ϳ- ¹³Õ³ß³ñÅ Ù³ñ¹:
ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ/ѳϳ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ. (áõÕÕ»É) ~ a gun poke [pəuk] v Ññ»É, μáûÉ. ~ with a stick ÷³Û-
Ññ³½»ÝÝ áõÕÕ»É. ~ a telescope ѻ鳹Çï³ÏÝ ïáí μáûÉ. ~ the fire Ïñ³ÏÁ ˳éÝ»É. ~ one’s
áõÕÕ»É. ~ one’s finger Ù³ïݳóáõÛó ³Ý»É: head out of the widnow ·ÉáõËÁ å³ïáõѳÝÇó
point-blank [‚pɔint΄blæŋk]1. a áõÕÇÕ Ýß³- ¹áõñë ѳݻÉ.. ~ one’s nose into other’s business
ݳéáõÃÛ³Ùμ. í×é³Ï³Ý, Ïïñ³Ï³Ý, ÷Ëμ. ùÇÃÝ áõñÇßÇ ·áñÍ»ñÇ Ù»ç ËáûÉ. ~
ÏïñáõÏ. a ~ refusal ÏïñáõÏ/Ïïñ³Ï³Ý one in the ribs ûè Ññ»É. ~ and pry ùÇÃÝ
Ù»ñÅáõÙ. fire at ~ range ¹Çٳѳñ Ïñ³Ï»É. 2. áõñÇßÇ ·áñÍ»ñÇ Ù»ç ËáûÉ. ~ fun at smb
adv í×é³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý, Ïïñ³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý, ¹ÇÙ³- ÷Ëμ. Ù»ÏÇÝ Ï³ï³Ïáí ͳÕñ»É:
ѳñ. ask ~ ¹Çٳѳñ ѳñóÝ»É: poker [΄pəukə] 1. n Ïñ³Ï˳éÝÇã, ß³Ù÷áõñ.
point-duty [΄pɔint‚dju:ti] n ÷áÕáó³ÛÇÝ »ñ- ÃÕÃË. åáÏ»ñ. as still as a ~ ÷Ëμ. ϳñÍ»ë
è»ÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³Ýáݳíáñáõ٠˳ãÙ»ñáõÏáõÙ. ß³Ù÷áõñ ÏáõÉ ïí³Í ÉÇÝÇ. a.~ faced ³Ýï³ñ-
a policeman on ~ ÷áÕáó³ÛÇÝ »ñè»ÏáõÃÛ³Ý μ»ñ/³ÝËéáí/ù³ñ³ó³Í ¹»Ùùáí:
ϳñ·³íáñáÕ (Çñ åáëïáõÙ): poker-work [΄pəukəwə:k] n ÷³ÛïÇ íñ³
pointed [΄pɔintid] a ëñ³Í³Ûñ. ×ñï. ëɳù³- ˳ñ³÷áñ³·ñáõÙ:
Ó¨. ~ arch ëɳù³Ó¨ ϳٳñ. a ~ nose ëñ³- poky [΄pəuki] a ËÕ×áõÏ, Ý»Õ. ³Ý×³ß³Ï (ѳ-
ͳÛñ ùÇÃ. shoes with ~ toes ëñ³ùÇà ÏáßÇÏ- ·áõëï). a ~ flat Ý»Õí³Íù μݳϳñ³Ý. a ~ job
Ý»ñ. a ~ remark ÷Ëμ. ëáõñ/ùÝݳ¹³ï³Ï³Ý å³ï³Ñ³Ï³Ý ³ß˳ï³Ýù:
¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ gun Ý߳ݳϻïÇÝ áõÕÕ- polar [΄pəulə] a 쨻é³ÛÇÝ, 쨻éÇ. ïñ³Ù³-
í³Í Ññ³½»Ý: ·Íáñ»Ý ѳϳé³Ï/ѳϳ¹Çñ. a ~ bear ÑÛáõ-
pointer [΄pɔintə] n ëɳù. ³ÏݳñÏ, ³Ïݳñ- ëÇë³ÛÇÝ/ëåÇï³Ï ³ñç:
ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. óáõó³÷³Ûï, óáõóÇã. ÷áÛÝûñ polarity [pəu΄lærəti] n ýǽ. 쨻é³Ï³Ýáõ-
(áñëÇ ß³Ý ï»ë³Ï): ÃÛáõÝ. Édzϳï³ñ ѳϳ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
pointless [΄pɔintləs] a ³ÝÙÇï, ³ÝÝå³ï³Ï. pole [pəul] n 쨻é (ݳ¨ ýǽ.). Arctic/North ~
³ÝѳÙ, ï³÷³Ï. Ùñ½. áã ÙÇ Ùdzíáñ ãß³- ÐÛáõëÇë³ÛÇÝ μ¨»é. Antarctic/South ~ гñ³-
pole 625 polling

í³ÛÇÝ μ¨»é. the ~s of a magnet Ù³·ÝÇëÇ shoes ϳÑáõÛùÁ áÕáñÏ»É.ѳï³ÏÁ Ù³ëïÇ-


쨻éÝ»ñÁ. be ~s apart 쨻éÝ»ñÇ ÝÙ³Ý Ï»É. ³ñͳÃÁ ÷³ÛÉ»óÝ»É. ~ one’s manners/
ѳϳ¹Çñ: style ÷Ëμ. ÑÕÏ»É ß³ñÅáõÓ¨Á/á×Á. ~ up your
pole [pəul] n ÓáÕ, ÓáÕ³Ï (ݳ¨ Ùñ½.). ϳñ- Italian ÐÕÏ»ù Ó»ñ Çï³É»ñ»ÝÁ. The children
óÓáÕ, Ï»é³ÓáÕ. ëÛáõÝ. telegrapÑ ~ Ñ»é³- ~ed off everything ºñ»Ë³Ý»ñÁ ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã
·ñ³ëÛáõÝ. tent ~ ÓáÕ³Ý íñ³ÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. ~ ÙÇÝ㨠í»ñç Ï»ñ³Ý/Ù³ùñ³½³ñ¹»óÇÝ:
vault(ing) ÓáÕ³ó³ïÏ, ó³ïÏ ÓáÕáí. ~ star polished [΄pɒli∫t] a áÕáñÏ, ÷³ÛÉ»óñ³Í. ÏáÏ,
쨻é³ÛÇÝ ³ëïÕ. ÷Ëμ. áõÕ»óáõÛó ³ëïÕ: ÷³ÛÉáõÝ. μ³ñ»ÏÇñÃ, í³Û»Éáõã. a ~ table
pole-axe [΄pəulæks] Ùë³·áñÍÇ É³Ûݳμ»ñ³Ý áÕáñÏ ë»Õ³Ý. ~ manners μ³ñ»ÏÇñÃ/í³-
¹³Ý³Ï, ï³å³ñ: Û»Éáõã ß³ñÅáõÓ¨£
pole-cat [΄pəulkæt] n ųÝï³ùÇë: polite [pə΄lait] a μ³ñ»ÏÇñÃ, ù³Õ³ù³í³ñÇ,
polemic(al) [pə΄lemik(l)] a μ³Ý³ÏéíÇ, ÏÇñÃ. ~ answer/refusal/person ÏÇñà å³ï³ë-
μ³Ý³í»×Ç: ˳Ý/ Ù»ñÅáõÙ/³ÝÓ. a ~ move Ýñμ³Ýϳï
polemics [pə΄lemiks] n μ³Ý³ÏéÇí, μ³Ý³- ù³ÛÉ. It is not ~ to interfere ʻɳóÇ ù³ÛÉ ã¿ñ
í»×: ÉÇÝÇ ÙÇç³Ùï»ÉÁ:
police [pə΄li:s] 1. n (ݳ¨ the ~ force) áëïÇ- politeness [pə΄laitnəs] n ù³Õ³ù³í³ñáõ-
ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ. the ~ áëïÇϳÝÝ»ñÁ. moun- ÃÛáõÝ, μ³ñ»ÏñÃáõÃÛáõÝ:
ted/military ~ Ñ»ÍÛ³É/½ÇÝíáñ³Ï³Ý áëïÇϳ- politic [΄pɒlətik] a ˻ɳóÇ, Ùï³Íí³Í. ¹Ç-
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. the traffic ~ ³íïáï»ëãáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ í³Ý³·»ï, ï³Ïïáí:
station áëïÇϳݳïáõÝ. ~ dog áëïÇϳ- political [pə΄litikl] a ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý, å»ï³-
Ý³Ï³Ý ßáõÝ. ~ court áëïÇÏ³Ý³Ï³Ý ¹³- ϳÝ. ~ argument/move/struggle ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý
ï³ñ³Ý. 2. v ϳñ· å³Ñå³Ý»É. å³Ñ- í»×/ù³ÛÉ/å³Ûù³ñ. for ~ reasons ù³Õ³-
å³Ý»É, å³ßïå³Ý»É. The army is policing ù³Ï³Ý å³ï׳éÝ»ñáí/Ýϳï³éáõÙÝ»ñáí:
the border ´³Ý³ÏÁ å³ßïå³ÝáõÙ ¿ politician [‚pɒli΄ti∫n] n ù³Õ³ù³·»ï, å»-
ë³ÑÙ³ÝÁ: ï³Ï³Ý/ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý ·áñÍÇã:
policeman [pə΄li:smən] n áëïÇϳÝ: politics [΄pɒlətiks] n ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ,
policy [΄pɒləsi] n ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. for- ù³Õ³ù³·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ. go into ~ ù³Õ³ù³-
eign ~ ³ñï³ùÇÝ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. Ï³Ý ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ùμ ½μ³Õí»É. talk ~ ù³-
peace ~ ˳ճÕáõÃÛ³Ý ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ýáõ- Õ³ù³Ï³Ý ѳñó»ñ ùÝݳñÏ»É. party ~ Ïáõ-
ÃÛáõÝ. a give and take ~ ÷á˳¹³ñÓ ½ÇçáõÙ- ë³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. local ~
Ý»ñÇ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. for reasons of ~ ï»Õ³Ï³Ý/ï»Õ³ÛÇÝ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ.
ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý Ýϳï³éáõÙÝ»ñáí. It’s my ~ power ~ áõÅÇ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
not to interfere àñå»ë ϳÝáÝ »ë ã»Ù polka [΄pɒlkə] n åáÉϳ (å³ñ). ~ dot åáõï»-
˳éÝíáõÙ: ñáí/ëÇë»é³Ý³Ëß Ïïáñ:
policy [΄pɒləsi] n ³å³Ñáí³·Çñ. an insurance poll I [pəul] n ùí»³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝ-
~ ³å³Ñáí³·Çñ. take out a ~ of insurance Ý»ñ. go to the ~s ÁÝïñ»É. a heavy/light ~ ÁÝï-
³å³Ñáí³·Çñ Ó»éù μ»ñ»É. take out a life ~ ñáÕÝ»ñÇ Ù»Í/÷áùñ ïáÏáë ݳëݳÏóáõ-
ÏÛ³ÝùÁ ³å³Ñáí³·ñ»É. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ é»ëáõñëÇ ÃÛáõÝ. ѳñóáõÙ (ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý) conduct a ~
ï»Õ³μ³ßËÙ³Ý ³É·áñÇÃÙ: about smth ѳñóáõÙ ³ÝóϳóÝ»É áñ¨¿ åñáμ-
policyholder [΄pɒləsi‚həuldə] n ³å³Ñá- É»ÙÇ Ï³å³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ùμ. ÑÙÏñ·. ѳñóáõÙ,
í³·ñ»ñÇ ï»ñ: ѳñóáõ٠ϳï³ñ»É. head the ~ ·É˳íáñ»É
polish [΄pɒli∫] n ɳù, áÕáñϳɳù. ùëáõù. óáõó³ÏÁ:
shoe ~ Ïáßϳùëáõù. furniture/floor ~ ϳ- poll II [pəul] n ÁÝïñáÕÝ»ñÇ óáõó³Ï³·ñáõÙ/
ÑáõÛùÇ ùëáõù. ѳï³ÏÇ Ù³ÍÇÏ (Ù³ëïÇϳ). óáõó³Ï:
nail ~ »ÕáõÝ·Ý»ñÇ É³ù. (÷³ÛÉ, ßáõù, í³Û»É- poll [pəul] v ÁÝïñáÕÝ»ñÇÝ óáõó³Ï³·ñ»É.
ãáõÃÛáõÝ) His style lacks ~ Üñ³ á×ÇÝ ÷³ÛÉ ¿ Ó³ÛÝ ï³É, Ó³ÛÝ»ñÁ ѳßí»É:
å³Ï³ëáõÙ: pollinate [΄pɒləneit] v μëμ. ÷áßáï»É:
polish [΄pɒli∫] v ÑÕÏ»É, áÕáñÏ»É. ÏáßÇÏÝ»ñÁ polling [΄pəuliŋ] n ùí»³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ booth
Ù³ùñ»É/÷³ÛÉ»óÝ»É. the furniture/floor/ silver/ ùí»³ñÏÙ³Ý ËóÇÏ. ~ day ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ
poll-tax 626 pop

ûñ. ~ station ÁÝïñ³Ï³Ý ï»Õ³Ù³ë. gallop ~ pontiff [΄pɒntif] n ÐéáÙÇ å³å. ù³Ñ³Ý³Û³-
μݳÏãáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ñóáõÙª ѳë³ñ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý å»ï, ѳÛñ³å»ï, Ñáíí³å»ï:
ϳñÍÇùÁ å³ñ½»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí: pontificate [pɒn΄tifikeit] v ٻͳËáë»É,
poll-tax [΄pəultæks] n ·É˳ѳñÏ: ß³Õ³Ïñ³ï»É. ~ about smth ß³Õ³Ïñ³ï»É
pollute [pə΄lu:t] v Ï»Õïáï»É: ÙÇ μ³ÝÇ Ù³ëÇÝ:
pollution [pə΄lu:∫n] n ³ÕïáïáõÙ. ýǽÉ. pontoon [pɒn΄tu:n] n ï³÷³Ï³Ý³í,
ë»ñÙݳÑáëáõÃÛáõÝ. water ~ çñÇ ³ÕïáïáõÙ. ϳÙñç³Ý³í. åáÝïáÝ:
~ of the environment ßñç³Ï³ ÙÇç³í³ÛñÇ pony [΄pəuni] n åáÝÇ (ϳñ׳ѳë³Ï ÓÇ). ~
³ÕïáïáõÙ: tail ÓÇáõ åáã. She wears her hair in a pony ~
polo [΄pəuləu] n Ùñ½. åáÉá, Ù³ñ½³Ë³Õ. ܳ Ù³½»ñÁ ÓÇáõ åáãÇ Ó¨Ç ¿ ϳåáõÙ:
water ~ çñ³ÛÇÝ åáÉá: poodle [΄pu:dl] n ·³Ý·ñ³Ù³½ ßáõÝ, åáõ¹»É:
poloneck [΄pəuləunek] a a ~ sweater μ³ñÓñ pooh! [pu:] int Ãá°õÑ, ÷á°õÑ£
áõ ë»ÕÙ ûÓÇùáí ëíÇï»ñ (íá¹áɳ½Ï³)£ pooh-pooh [‚pu:΄pu:] v ͳÕñ»É, ³ñѳٳñ-
poltroon [pɒl΄tru:n] n í³ËÏáï. ѳÝùáí ³ñï³Ñ³Ûïí»É. ~ the idea Ññ³Å³ñ-
polychromatic [‚pɒlikrə΄mætik] a μ³½Ù³- í»É ÙïùÇó:
·áõÛÝ, μ³½Ù»ñ³Ý·: pool I [pu:l] n çñ³÷áë. ÷áùñ É׳Ï. ·»ï³-
polygamy [pə΄ligəmi] n μ³½Ù³ÙáõëÝáõ- ÷áë. ³í³½³Ý swimming ~ ÉáÕ³í³½³Ý:
ÃÛáõÝ: pool II [pu:l] n μ³ÅÇÝ, ÙdzíáñáõÙ, μÛáõñá.
polyphony [pə΄lifəni] n »ñÅß. μ³½Ù³Ó³Û- transport ~ ÷á˳¹ñ³ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ μ³ÅÇÝ.
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: typing ~ Ù»ù»Ý³·ñ³Ï³Ý μÛáõñá. ˳Õ.
polysyllabic [‚pɒlisi΄læbik] a μ³½Ù³í³ÝÏ: μ³ÝÏ, ˳ճ·áõÙ³ñ the football ~ Ù³ñ½³-
polysyllable [΄pɒli‚siləbl] n μ³½Ù³í³ÝÏ Ï³Ý íÇ׳ϳ˳Õ:
μ³é: pool [pu:l] v Ùdzíáñ»É, ÙdzóÝ»É. ~ informa-
polythene [΄pɒliθi:n] n åáÉÇ¿ÃÇÉ»Ý. a ~ bag tion ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛáõÝÁ Çñ³ñ Ù»ç ÏÇë»É. ~
åáÉÇ¿ÃÇɻݳÛÇÝ ïáåñ³Ï: resources Ùdzíáñ»É ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÁ:
polyvalent [‚pɒli΄veilənt] a μ³½Ù³ñÅ»ù³- poor [pɔ:] a ³Õù³ï, ãù³íáñ. the ~ ³Õù³ï-
ÛÇÝ/μ³½Ù³í³É»Ýï³Ï³Ý: Ý»ñÁ. (Ë»Õ×, í³ï) ~ healtÑ í³ï³éáÕç. of ~
pomade [pəu΄meid] n ßñÃÝ»ñÏ: quality ó³Íñ áñ³ÏÇ, í³ïáñ³Ï. have a ~
pomegranate [΄pɒmigrænət] n Ýáõé, Ýé»ÝÇ. opinion í³ï ϳñÍÇù áõݻݳÉ, ɳí ϳñÍÇ-
Ýé³Ý ͳé: ùÇ ãÉÇÝ»É. ~ thing Ë»Õ× ³ñ³ñ³Í. ~ soil
pomp [pɒmp] n ßù»ÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ñï³ùÇÝ ³Ýμ»ññÇ/³Ý³ñ·³í³Ý¹ ÑáÕ. ~ pay ùÇã ³ß-
ßáõù: ˳ï³í³ñÓ. ~ harvest ³Õù³ï μ»ñù:
pomposity [pɒm΄pɒsəti] n óáõó³¹ñ³Ï³Ý poor-house [΄pɔ:haus] n ³ÝϻɳÝáó:
ѳݹÇë³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ: poor-law [΄pɔ:lɔ:] n ³Õù³ïÝ»ñÇÝ û·Ý»Éáõ
pompous [΄pɒmpəs] a å»ñ׳ßáõù, ÷ù³- ûñ»Ýù:
ßáõù. ÷ùáõÝ, ×áéáÙ: poorly [΄pɔ:li] adv í³ï, ³ÝѳçáÕ Ï»ñåáí.
pond [pɒnd] n É׳Ï, (³ñÑ»ëï³Ï³Ý) ÉÇ× look/feel ~ í³ï ï»ëù áõݻݳÉ. ɳí ã½·³É:
/çñ³Ùμ³ñ, ³í³½³Ý. ÓÏݳμáõͳñ³Ý: poorness [΄pɔ:nəs] n ³Õù³ïáõÃÛáõÝ, ë³Ï³-
ponder [΄pɒndə] v Ùï³Í»É, ËáñÑ»É, Ïßé³- íáõÃÛáõÝ:
¹³ï»É. ~ on/about smth ËáñÑ»É ÙÇ μ³ÝÇ Ù³- poor-spirited [‚pɔ:΄spiritid] a í³ËÏáï,
ëÇÝ. ~ a question ËáñÑ»É/Ùï³Í»É ѳñóÇ ÷áùñá·Ç:
ßáõñçÁ: pop [pɒp] n ÃñËÏáó, ûè å³ÛÃÛáõÝ. Ïñ³-
ponderable [΄pɒndərəbl] a Ïßé»ÉÇ. ͳÝñáõ- Ïáó. go ~ å³ÛûÉ. come out with a ~ å³ÛÃ-
ÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»óáÕ. ÝÛáõóϳÝ: ÛáõÝáí ¹áõñë ÃéÝ»É:
ponderous [΄pɒndərəs] a ͳÝñ, ͳÝñ³- pop [pɒp] v å³ÛûÉ, ïñ³ù»É. Ïñ³Ï»É. ·ñ³í
ÏßÇé. Ó³ÝÓñ³ÉÇ, ï³ÕïϳÉÇ. a ~ style ÷Ëμ. ¹Ý»É. ~ one’s watch ųٳóáõÛóÁ ·ñ³í ¹Ý»É.
ͳÝñ á×: (·ó»É, ÙïÝ»É) ~ the letter in tÑe post ݳٳÏÁ
ponderously [΄pɒndərəsli] adv ͳÝ- ÷áëï³ñÏÕ ·ó»É. ~ one’s head into ·ÉáõËÁ
ñ³Ïßéáñ»Ý£ Ý»ñë ÙïóÝ»É. ~ in to say good-bye ÙïÝ»É
pop 627 portfolio

Ññ³Å»ßï ï³Éáõ ѳٳñ. ~ up ѳÝϳñͳ- ·³íÇÃ. ëÛáõݳëñ³Ñ:


ÏÇ/³Ýëå³ë»ÉÇ Ñ³ÛïÝí»É. ÑÙÏñ·. Ññ»É, pore [pɔ:] n ͳÏáïÇ. ³Ýóù:
ëï»ÏÇó ѳݻÉ. pore [pɔ:] v ËáñÑ»É, Ùï³Í»É. ~ over a prob-
pop [pɒp] a (Ïñ×. popular) ѳÝñ³Í³ÝáÃ, lem ËáñÑ»É Ñ³ñóÇ Ù³ëÇÝ. ~ over the prob-
ѳÝñ³Ù³ïã»ÉÇ. ~ art ѳÝñ³Ù³ïã»ÉÇ ³ñ- lem åñáμÉ»Ùáí ½μ³Õí»É. åñáμÉ»ÙÇ íñ³
í»ëï. ~ music ѳÝñ³Ù³ïã»ÉÇ »ñ³Åßïáõ- ïùÝ»É:
ÃÛáõÝ: pork [pɔ:k] n Ëá½Ç ÙÇë. Ëá½Ç ÙëÇó å³ï-
pop-corn [΄pɒpkɔ:n] n »·Çåï³óáñ»ÝÇ ñ³ëï³Í. cold ~ Ëá½Ç ˳ßÙÇë (μáõÅ»-
μáí³Í ѳïÇÏÝ»ñ: ÝÇݳ). a ~ chop Ëá½Ç óϳÍá (ÏáïÉ»ï):
pope [pəup] n the Pope ÐéáÙÇ å³åÁ: porky [΄pɔ:ki] a Ëá½Ç. ËëÏó. ÛáõÕ³ÉÇ, Ùëáï:
pop-gun [΄pɒpgΛn] n ˳ճÉÇù/Ï»ÕÍ ³ïÁñ- porosity [pɔ:΄rɒsəti] n ͳÏáïÏ»ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
׳ݳÏ. û¹³ÓÇ· Ññ³ó³Ý: porous [΄pɔ:rəs] a ͳÏáïÏ»Ý. ~ limestone
popinjay [΄pɒpindзei] n ÷áõã/ûèëáÉÇÏ Í³ÏáïÏ»Ý Ïñ³ù³ñ. Sponge is ~ êåáõÝ·Á
Ù³ñ¹. å×ݳÙáÉ: ͳÏáïÏ»Ý ¿:
poplar [΄pɒplə] n μ³ñ¹Ç, ϳճٳËÇ: porpoise [΄pɔ:pəs] n Íáí³Ëá½:
poppy [΄pɒpi] n ϳϳã, ɳɳ: porridge [΄pɒridз] n (í³ñë³Ï³Ó³í³ñÇ)
populace [΄pɒpjuləs] n (ѳë³ñ³Ï) ÅáÕá- ßÇɳ:
íáõñ¹: porringer [΄pɒrindзə] n óë, óëÇÏ:
popular [΄pɒpjulə] a ÅáÕáíñ¹³Ï³Ý. ѳÝ- port I [pɔ:t] n ݳí³Ñ³Ý·Çëï. ~ dues/charges
ñ³×³Ý³ã, ï³ñ³Íí³Í. ÅáÕáíñ¹³Ï³Ýáõ- ݳí³Ñ³Ý·ëïÇ Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ í³ñÓ.
ÃÛáõÝ í³Û»ÉáÕ. ~ front ÅáÕáíñ¹³Ï³Ý ׳- free ~ μ³ó/Ù³ùëÇó ³½³ï ݳí³Ñ³Ý·Çëï.
ϳï. be ~ ÅáÕáíñ¹³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ í³Û»É»É. ~ ~ of destination/entry í»ñçݳϳ۳Ý. Áݹáõ-
literature ѳÝñ³Ù³ïã»ÉÇ ·ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ ÝáÕ Ý³í³Ñ³Ý·Çëï. ~ of registration ·ñ³Ýó-
prices Ù³ïã»ÉÇ ·Ý»ñ: Ù³Ý Ý³í³Ñ³Ý·Çëï. ~ authority ݳí³-
popularity [‚pɒpju΄lærəti] n ÅáÕáíñ¹³Ï³- ѳݷëïÇ í³ñãáõÃÛáõÝ/ջϳí³ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: port II [pɔ:t] n Íáí. ݳí³ÏáÕ³Ýóù. Ó³Ë
popularize [΄pɒpjuləraiz] v ÅáÕáíñ¹³- ݳí³ÏáÕ. land to ~ Ó³Ë Ý³í³ÏáÕÙÇó
ϳݳóÝ»É. ѳÝñ³Í³Ýáà ¹³ñÓÝ»É: ó³Ù³ùÝ ¿. on the ~ bow ݳí³ùÃÇ Ó³Ë
popularly [΄pɒpjuləli] adv ÅáÕáíñ¹³ÛÝá- ÏáÕÙáõÙ:
ñ»Ý. It’s ~ supposed ÄáÕáíáõñ¹Ý ³ëáõÙ ¿: port III [pɔ:t] n åáñïí»ÛÝ:
populate [΄pɒpjuleit] v μݳϻóÝ»É ~d by port IV [pɔ:t] n Ï»óí³Íù:
μݳϻóí³Í£ portability [‚pɔ:tə΄biləti] n ¹Ûáõñ³ï³ñáõ-
populated [΄pɒpjuleitid] a ÑÙÏñ·. μݳ- ÃÛáõÝ, ¹Ûáõñ³ÏñáõÃÛáõÝ:
Ï»óí³Í. μ»éÝí³Í. ~ data base μ»éÝí³Í portable [΄pɔ:təbl] a ¹Ûáõñ³ï³ñ, ¹Ûáõñ³-
ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ μ³½³: ÏÇñ. ß³ñųϳÝ. ~ lamp/TV ß³ñųϳÝ
population [‚pɒpju΄lei∫n] n μݳÏãáõÃÛáõÝ, ɳÙå/Ñ»éáõëï³óáõÛó:
μݳÏÇãÝ»ñ. surplus ~ ·»ñμݳÏãáõÃÛáõÝ. per portage [΄pɔ:tidз] n ÷á˳¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ÷á-
head of ~ μݳÏãáõÃÛ³Ý ³Ù»Ý ÙÇ ßÝãÇÝ. ~ ex- ˳¹ñáõÙ. ÷á˳¹ñ³í׳ñ:
plosion μݳÏãáõÃ۳ݪ ëå³ë³ÍÇó ³í»ÉÇ portal [΄pɔ:tl] n ßù³Ùáõïù, ׳ϳï³Ùáõïù:
ß³ï ÍÝ»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ/μݳÏãáõÃÛ³Ý ·»ñÍÝ»- portative [΄pɔ:tətiv] a ¹Ûáõñ³ï³ñ, ß³ñų-
ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ£ ϳÝ:
populous [΄pɒpjuləs] a ËÇï μݳϻóí³Í, portend [pɔ:΄tend] v ϳÝ˳·áõ߳ϻÉ:
μ³½Ù³Ù³ñ¹: portent [΄pɔ:tənt] n ݳ˳Ýß³Ý, Ññ³ßù:
pop–up menu [΄pɒp Λp ΄menju:] ÉáÕ³óáÕ, porter I [΄pɔ:tə] n μ»éݳÏÇñ. å³Ñ³Ï.
ë³ÑáÕ, í³Ûñ ÁÝÏÝáÕ Ù»ÝÛáõ: ¹éݳå³Ý, μ³ñ³å³Ý, ßí»Ûó³ñ:
porcelain [΄pɔ:slin] n, a ׻ݳå³ÏÇ, porter II [΄pɔ:tə] n åáñï»ñ (·³ñ»çáõñ):
׻ݳå³ÏÛ³: porter-house [΄pɔ:təhaus] n ·³ñ»çñ³-
porch [pɔ:t∫] n ׳ϳï³Ùáõïù, ë³Ý¹Õ³- ïáõÝ, å³Ý¹áÏ:
Ùáõïù. ݳ˳·³íÇÃ. ëÛáõݳ½³ñ¹ ݳ˳- portfolio [‚pɔ:t΄fəuliəu] n ÃÕóå³Ý³Ï,
port hole 628 possibilit/y

ÃÕóå³Ûáõë³Ï. ³ñÅ»ÃÕûñÇ ÷³Ã»Ã. ݳ- ùÁ. an awkward ~ ³ÝѳñÙ³ñ ¹Çñù. fix one’s
˳ñ³ñ³Ï³Ý å³ßïáÝ: ~ Íáí., ݳí. áñáᯐ ¹ÇñùÁ. (íÇ׳Ï) the
port hole [΄pɔ:thəul] n Íáí. Éáõë³ÝóáõÛó, country‘s economic ~ »ñÏñÇ ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý íÇ-
ÇÉÛáõÙÇݳïáñ: ׳ÏÁ. false ~ Ï»ÕÍ íÇ׳Ï. be in the best ~ to
portico [΄pɔ:tikəu] n ×ñï. ëÛáõݳ½³ñ¹ judge ³Ù»ÝÇó ×Çßï/ɳí ϳñáÕ³Ý³É ¹³-
·³íÇÃ: ï»É. (å³ßïáÝ, ï»Õ) Put yourself in my ~
portion [΄pɔ:∫n] n Ù³ë, μ³ÅÇÝ. μ³Ëï, ׳- Ò»½ ÇÙ ï»ÕÁ ¹ñ»ù:
ϳﳷÇñ. ûÅÇï. a ~ of the population μݳÏ- position [pə΄zi∫n] v ¹Ý»É, ï»Õ³íáñ»É. ~ one-
ãáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇ Ù³ëÁ: self on the tree ͳéÇ íñ³ ï»Õ³íáñí»É:
portion [΄pɔ:∫n] v Ù³ë»ñÇ μ³Å³Ý»É. Ù³ë/ positive [΄pɒzətiv] n ¹ñ³Ï³Ý ù³Ý³Ïáõ-
μ³ÅÇÝ Ñ³Ý»É. ûÅÇï ï³É. ~ out ·áõÛù³μ³- ÃÛáõÝ. ù»ñ. ¹ñ³Ï³Ý ³ëïÇ׳Ý. ÉëÝÏ. åá½Ç-
ųÝáõ٠ϳï³ñ»É: ïÇí:
portionless [΄pɔ:∫nləs] a ³ÝûÅÇï: positive [΄pɒzətiv] a ¹ñ³Ï³Ý. ËëÏó. å³ñ½,
portliness [΄pɔ:tlinəs] n ͳÝñ³μ³ñáÛáõ- μ³ó³ñÓ³Ï. ~ criticism ÏáÝëïñáõÏïÇí
ÃÛáõÝ, í³Û»Éã³ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ. å³ïϳé»ÉÇ ùÝݳ¹³ïáõÃÛáõÝ. (áñáß³ÏÇ) It’s a ~ disgrace
³ñï³ùÇÝ. ·ÇñáõÃÛáõÝ, ã³ÕáõÃÛáõÝ: ËëÏó. ¸³ å³ñ½³å»ë ˳Ûï³é³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ
portly [΄pɔ:tli] a Ëáßáñ, ·»ñ, ѳÕóݹ³Ù: ¿. be a ~ danger áñáß³ÏÇ íï³Ý·/ ëå³éݳ-
portrait [΄pɔ:trət] n Ýϳñ, ¹ÇÙ³Ýϳñ. Ýϳ- ÉÇù Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É. I’m ~ about it/that ºë
ñ³·Çñ, μÝáõó·Çñ. full/half length ~ Ýϳñ ¹ñ³Ýáõ٠ѳÙá½í³Í »Ù:
³ÙμáÕç ѳë³Ïáí/ÙÇÝ㨠·áïϳï»ÕÁ. sit possess [pə΄zes] v ïÇñ³å»ï»É, ïÇñ»É. ~
for one’s ~ Ï»óí³Íù ÁݹáõÝ»É ¹ÇÙ³ÝϳñÇ property/house/land ë»÷³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ/ ïáõÝ/
ѳٳñ. ~ painter å³ïÏ»ñ³ÝϳñÇã. ¹ÇÙ³- ÑáÕ»ñ áõݻݳÉ. ~ great ability Ù»Í Ñݳñ³-
ÝϳñÇã: íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ/áõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ áõÝ»Ý³É be
portraiture [΄pɔ:trit∫ə] n å³ïÏ»ñ³Ýϳñ- ~ed by the idea ·³Õ³÷³ñáí ѳٳÏí³Í
ãáõÃÛáõÝ, ¹ÇÙ³ÝϳñãáõÃÛáõÝ: ÉÇÝ»É. What ~ed you to do that? ƱÝãÁ ¹ñ¹»ó
portray [pɔ:΄trei] v å³ïÏ»ñ»É. ¹ÇÙ³Ýϳñ ù»½ ³Û¹ ³Ý»É:
Ýϳñ»É. óïñ. Ï»ñå³ñ ëï»ÕÍ»É. Ý»ñϳ- possessed [pə΄zest] a μéÝí³Í (½·³óÙáõÝ-
Û³óÝ»É: ùáí, Ïñùáí ¨ ³ÛÉÝ). óݹ³Í, ¹Çí³Ñ³ñ, ³Û-
portrayal [pɔ:΄treiəl] n å³ïÏ»ñáõÙ, Ýϳ- ë³Ñ³ñ:
ñ³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ¹ÇÙ³Ýϳñ Ýϳñ»ÉÁ: possession [pə΄ze∫n] n ïÇñáõÙ, ïÇñ³å»-
pose [pəuz] n ¹Çñù, Ï»óí³Íù strike a ~ ÷Ëμ. ïáõÙ. actual ~ ÷³ëï³óÇ ïÇñ³å»ïáõÙ.
¹Çñù/Ï»óí³Íù ÁݹáõÝ»É. It’s just a ~ with him take ~ of the house ï³Ý ï»ñÁ ¹³éݳÉ. in the
ܳ å³ñ½³å»ë Ï»óí³Íù ¿ ÁݹáõÝ»É: ~ of Ó»éù»ñáõÙ, ïÇñ³å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï. be
pose [pəuz] v ³é³ç³¹ñ»É, ³é³ç ù³ß»É. ~ a in the ~ of Çñ ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï áõÝ»-
question ѳñó ³é³ç³¹ñ»É. ~ certain prob- ݳÉ. be in full ~ of ÉÇáíÇÝ ïÇñ³å»ï»É. (ë»-
lems áñáß åñáμÉ»ÙÝ»ñ ³é³ç³óÝ»É. Ï»ó- ÷³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ·áõÛù) loose all one’s ~ Ïáñó-
í³Íù ÁݹáõÝ»É (μÝáñ¹, Éáõë³Ýϳñí»ÉÇë) ~ Ý»É Çñ ³ÙμáÕç ·áõÛùÁ. personal ~s ³ÝÓݳ-
for an artist/one’s portrait ¹Çñù/Ï»óí³Íù ÁÝ- Ï³Ý Çñ»ñ. overseas ~s ë»÷³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ
¹áõÝ»É ÝϳñãÇ/¹ÇÙ³ÝϳñãÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ: ³ñï³ë³ÑÙ³ÝáõÙ:
poser I [΄pəuzə] n μÝáñ¹, μÝûñÇݳÏ. Ï»ó- possessive [pə΄zesiv] a ë»÷³Ï³Ý³ïÇñ³-
í³Íù³ÙáÉ, ßÇÝÍáõ Ï»óí³Íù ÁݹáõÝáÕ ³ÝÓ: Ï³Ý (½·³óáõÙ). be ~ about one’s cÑildren Çñ
poser II [΄pəuzə] n ËëÏó. ¹Åí³ñ »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ ˳ݹáï ÉÇÝ»É. ~
ѳñó/ËݹÇñ. That’s a ~ ! ²°Û ù»½ ·ÉáõË- case ù»ñ. ëï³ó³Ï³Ý ÑáÉáí. ~ pronouns ù»ñ.
ÏáïñáõÏ: ëï³ó³Ï³Ý ¹»ñ³ÝáõÝÝ»ñ:
posh [pɒ∫] a ËëÏó. ßù»Õ, ÷³é³Ñ»Õ, ·»ñ³- possessor [pə΄zesə] n ï»ñ, ë»÷³Ï³Ý³ï»ñ:
½³Ýó: possibilit/y [‚pɒsə΄biləti] n Ñݳñ³íáñáõ-
position [pə΄zi∫n] n ¹Çñù, ï»Õ, ï»Õ³¹ñáõ- ÃÛáõÝ, ѳí³Ý³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. beyond human ~
ÃÛáõÝ. in ~ ï»ÕáõÙ. out of ~ Çñ ï»ÕÇó ¹áõñë. ies Ù³ñ¹Ï³ÛÇÝ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó
the ~ of a town/army ù³Õ³ùÇ/μ³Ý³ÏÇ ¹Çñ- í»ñ. limited/limitless ~ies ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï/
possible 629 postscript

³Ýë³ÑÙ³Ý Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: ѳÝç (Ý³Ù³Ï ¨ ³ÛÉÝ)£


possible [΄pɒsəbl] a Ñݳñ³íáñ, ѳí³Ý³- posterior [pɒ΄stiəriə] a ѻﳷ³, ³í»ÉÇ áõß:
ϳÝ. ~ solution/change/candidate Ñݳñ³íáñ posterity [pɒ΄sterəti] n ë»ñáõݹ, ųé³Ý·-
ÉáõÍáõÙ/÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝ. ѳí³Ý³Ï³Ý ûÏ- Ý»ñ, Ñ»ïÝáñ¹Ý»ñ:
ݳÍáõ. do everything ~ ³Ù»Ý Ñݳñ³íáñ μ³Ý postfix notation [pəustfiks nəu΄tei∫n]
³Ý»É. as often as ~ áñù³Ý Ñݳñ³íáñ ¿ »ï·Çñ (åáëïýÇùë) ËÙμ³·ñáõÙ:
ѳ׳Ë: post-free [‚pəust΄fri:] adv ³é³Ýó ÷áë-
possibly [΄pɒsəbli] adv Áëï Ñݳñ³íáñÇÝ. ï³ÛÇÝ Í³Ëù»ñÇ, ³Ýí׳ñ:
ûñ¨ë, ѳí³Ý³μ³ñ: post-graduate [‚pəust΄grædзjuət]1. n ³ë-
post I [pəust] n ëÛáõÝ, ÓáÕ. gate/lamp ~ ¹³ñ- åÇñ³Ýï. 2. a ³ëåÇñ³Ýï³Ï³Ý. ~ studies
å³ëÇ/ɳåï»ñÇ ëÛáõÝ. starting/winning ~ ³ëåÇñ³Ýïáõñ³:
Ùñ½. Ù»ÏݳñÏÇ/³í³ñïÇ, ýÇÝÇßÇ ëÛáõÝÁ: post-haste [΄pəustheist] adv ËÇëï ßï³å,
post II [pəust] n ÷áëï, ÷áëïÇ μ³Å³Ý- ß³ï ³ñ³·:
ÙáõÝù. ÷áëï³ÛÇÝ ³é³ùáõÙÝ»ñ. by ~ ÷áë- posthumous [΄pɒstjuməs] a Ñ»ïÙ³Ñáõ,
ïáí. by registered ~ å³ïí»ñáí ÷áëïáí. re- Ñ»ïÙ³Ñí³Ý£
turn ~ ѻﳹ³ñÓ ÷áëï. military ~ ¹³ßï³- posthumously [΄pɒstjuməsli] adv Ù³ÑÇó
ÛÇÝ ÷áëï. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ editing »ï ËÙμ³·ñáõÙ£ Ñ»ïá. be born ~ ÍÝí»É Ñáñ Ù³ÑÇó Ñ»ïá. be
post III [pəust] n ¹Çñù, å³ßïáÝ, åáëï (ݳ¨ published ~ Ñ»ÕÇݳÏÇ Ù³ÑÇó Ñ»ïá Ññ³-
é½Ù.) apply for ~ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ ¹ÇÙáõÙ ï³É. ï³ñ³Ïí»É:
get a lecturing ~ ¹³ë³ËáëÇ å³ßïáÝ ëï³- postman [΄pəustmən] n ÷áëï³ï³ñ:
ݳÉ: postmark [΄pəustma:k] n, v ÷áëï³ÛÇÝ
post I [pəust] v ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ÷³Ïó- ÏÝÇù. ÏÝù»É (ݳٳÏÁ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ):
Ý»É, ѳÛï³ñ³ñ»É. ~ up an announcement postmaster [΄pəust‚ma:stə] n ÷áëïÇ Ï³é³-
ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ϳ˻É/÷³ÏóÝ»É be í³ñÇã:
~ ed as missing ³ÝÑ»ï Ïáñ³Í ѳÛï³ñ³ñ»É: postmeridian [‚pəustmə΄ridiən] a Ñ»ïÙÇç-
post II [pəust] v ÷áëïáí áõÕ³ñÏ»É, ÷áëï- ûñ»Ç, Ñ»ïÏ»ëûñÛ³:
³ñÏÕÇ Ù»ç ·ó»É. The letter was ~ed ܳٳÏÁ post meridiem [‚pəustmə΄ridiəm] adv (Ïñ×.
áõÕ³ñÏí»ó. keep smn ~ed Ù»ÏÇÝ ï»ÕÛ³Ï p.m.) Ï»ëûñÇó Ñ»ïá. at six p.m. »ñ»ÏáÛ³Ý
/ÏáõñëÇ Ù»ç å³Ñ»É: ųÙÁ í»óÇÝ:
post III [pəust] v Ý߳ݳϻÉ, ï»Õ³íáñ»É. ~ post mortem [‚pəust΄mɔ:tem] n ¹Ç³-
sentries å³Ñ³ÏÝ»ñ Ý߳ݳϻÉ. be ~ed to the Ñ»ñÓáõÙ, ¹Ç³½ÝÝáõÙ:
embassy Ýß³Ý³Ï»É ¹»ëå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝáõÙ ³ß- post natal [‚pəust΄neitl] a Ñ»ïÍÝݹ³-
˳ï³ÝùÇ: μ»ñ³Ï³Ý. ~ care Ñ»ïÍÝݹ³μ»ñ³Ï³Ý
postage [΄pəustidз] n ÷áëï³ÛÇÝ Í³Ëù»ñ. ËݳÙù:
inland ~ Ý»ñùÇÝ ÷áëï³ÛÇÝ ï³ñÇý. ~ stamp post-office [΄pəust‚ɒfis] n ÷áëï, ϳåÇ
ݳٳϳÝÇß: μ³Å³ÝÙáõÝù. general ~ ·É˳íáñ ÷áëï³-
postal [΄pəustl] n ÷áëï³ÛÇÝ. ³Ù. μ³óÇÏ. ~ ïáõÝ:
code ÷áëï³ÛÇÝ Çݹ»ùë. ~ order ÷áëï³- post-paid [‚pəust΄peid] a ÷áëï³ÛÇÝ Í³Ë-
ÛÇÝ/¹ñ³Ù³Ï³Ý ÷á˳ÝóáõÙ: ù»ñÁ í׳ñí³Í:
post box [΄pəustbɒks] n ÷áëï³ñÏÕ: postpone [pəust΄pəun] v Ñ»ï³Ó·»É. ~ the
post-boy [΄pəustbɔi] n ݳٳϳμ»ñ, ÷áë- meeting ѳݹÇåáõÙÁ/ÅáÕáíÁ Ñ»ï³Ó·»É. ~
ï³ï³ñ: the payment í׳ñÙ³Ý Å³ÙÏ»ïÁ »ñϳñ³ó-
post-card [΄pəustka:d] n μ³óÇÏ: Ý»É:
post-chaise [΄pəust∫eiz] n ÷áëï³Ï³éù: postponement [pəust΄pəunmənt] n Ñ»ï³-
post date [΄pəust‚deit] v ³í»ÉÇ áõß Ãíáí Ó·áõÙ, ųÙÏ»ïÇ »ñϳñ³óáõÙ:
Ãí³·ñ»É: postposition [‚pəustpə΄zi∫n] n Ñ»ïÇÝ ¹Çñù.
poster [΄pəustə] n ³½¹, ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ù»ñ. ѻﳹñáõÃÛáõÝ:
³ýÇß: postrider [΄pəust‚raidə] n Ódzíáñ/ѻͳÝ-
posterestante [΄pəust ΄resta:nt] adv óå³- í³íáñ ÷áëï³ï³ñ:
posture 630 pound

postscript [΄pəustskript] n (Ïñ×. p.s) (Ñ) »ï- ñÇÝ/ϳñ»ÉíáõÛÝ:


·ñáõÃÛáõÝ (ݳٳÏáõÙ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ): pot-herb [΄pɒthə:b] n ËëÏó. μ³Ýç³ñ»Õ»Ý,
posture [΄pɒst∫ə] n Ï»óí³Íù, ¹Çñù. íÇ׳Ï, ϳݳãÇ:
¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ: pot-hole [΄pɒthəul] n ׳ݳå³ñÑÇ ÷áë,
post-war [‚pəust΄wɔ:] a Ñ»ïå³ï»- áÕáÕ³÷áë:
ñ³½ÙÛ³Ý: pot-house [΄pɒthaus] n ·³ñ»çñ³ïáõÝ:
posy [΄pəuzi] n ÷áõÝç, ͳÕÏ»÷áõÝç: potion [΄pəu∫n] n ¹»Õ, ¹»Õ³ÝÛáõÃ, ¹»Õ³-
pot [pɒt] n ³Ù³Ý, ϳÃë³. (ϳí») åáõïáõÏ, ÃáõÛÝ. a love ~ ëÇñá ¹»Õ³ÝÛáõÃ. a herbal ~
Ï×áõ×. flower ~ ͳÕϳٳÝ. chamber ~ ·Çß»- Ëáï³μáõÛë»ñÇ ÃáõñÙ:
ñ³ÛÇÝ ³ÝáÃ. ~s and pans ËáѳÝáó³ÛÇÝ ³- pot luck [‚pɒt΄lΛk] n (áõï»ÉÇù) ²ëïÍáõ
ٳݻջÝ. a ~ of jam ÙÇ μ³Ýϳ/³Ù³Ý Ùáõ- ïí³Í. Come and take ~ with us ¶Ý³Ýù
ñ³μ³. ~s of money ËëÏó. ÷áÕÇ Ù»Í ù³Ý³- áõï»Ýù, ÇÝã ²ëïí³Í ïí»É ¿:
ÏáõÃÛáõÝ/·áõÙ³ñ. go to ~s ËëÏó. ëݳÝϳ- pot plant [΄pɒtpla:nt] n ë»Ý۳ϳ-
ݳÉ, ù³Ûù³Ûí»É. keep the ~ boiling ÷Ëμ., ÛÇÝ/ïݳÛÇÝ Í³ÕÇÏÝ»ñ:
ËëÏó. ß³ñáõÝ³Ï»É Çñ ·áñÍáí ½μ³Õí»É. potted [΄pɒtid] a å³Ñ³ÍáÛ³óí³Í. ~ mush-
make the ~ boiling ÷Ëμ. (ѳóÇ) ÷áÕ í³ë- rooms å³Ñ³Íá ëáõÝÏ. a ~ biography ϳñ×
ï³Ï»É: Ï»Ýë³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
pot [pɒt] v μáõÛë/ͳé ïÝÏ»É. »÷»É, ˳߻É. potter [΄pɒtə] n Ï³í³·áñÍ, μñáõï. a ~‘s
å³Ñ³Íá ë³ñù»É. ~ flowers ͳÕÇÏÝ»ñ wheel Ï³í³·áñÍÇ ³ÝÇí:
ïÝÏ»É (óճñÇ Ù»ç). ~ jam Ùáõñ³μ³Ý μ³Ý- potter [΄pɒtə] v ³Ý÷áõÛà ³ß˳ï»É, ÍáõÉáõ-
ϳݻñÇ Ù»ç ÉóÝ»É: ÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É:
potassic [pə΄tæsik] a ùÇÙ. ϳÉÇáõٳϳÝ, pottery [΄pɒtəri] n Ï³í» ³Ù³Ý»Õ»Ý. Ë»ó»-
ϳÉÇáõÙ³ÛÇÝ: Õ»Ý. μñáõïÇ ³ñÑ»ëï³Ýáó. Ë»ó»·áñͳ-
potassium [pə΄tæsiəm] n ùÇÙ. ϳÉÇáõÙ: ñ³Ý:
potato [pə΄teitəu] n ϳñïáýÇÉ. a ~ ÙÇ Ñ³- potty [΄pɒti] a ËëÏó. Ù³Ýñ, ³ÝÝß³Ý. ~ little
ïÇÏ Ï³ñïáýÇÉ. new ~es óñ٠ϳñïáýÇÉ. details Ù³Ýñ/³ÝÝß³Ý Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ»ñ.
~es in jacket ÏÉ»åáí »÷³Í ϳñïáýÇÉ. (óݹ³Í, Ë»ÉùÁ ·Ý³ó³Í) He’s ~ ܳ óݹ³Í
baked/boiled/fried ~ Ëáñáí³Í/ ˳߳Í/ ï³- ¿. be ~ about smth/smn Ù»ÏÇ/ÙÇ μ³ÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ
å³Ï³Í ϳñïáýÇÉ. mashed ~es ϳñïáýÇÉÇ Ë»ÉùÁ ·Ý³É:
ËÛáõë/åÛáõñ»: pot-valiant [΄pɒt‚væliənt] a ù³çª ѳñμ³Í
pot-bellied [pɒt΄belid] a ËëÏó. ѳëï³÷áñ, ųٳݳÏ:
óÙ÷áñ: pouch [paut∫] n ïáåñ³Ï, å³ñÏ. é½Ù. ÷³Ù-
pot-boiler [΄pɒt‚bɔilə] n ËëÏó. ˳Éïáõñ³. ÷áõßï³Ù³Ý. tobacco ~ Í˳ËáïÇ ùë³Ï:
(˳ÉïáõñßãÇÏ) ÷ÝÃÇ/³ÝËݳÙ//³Ýμ³ñ»- poult [pəult] n ×áõï (ѳíÇ, ÑݹϳѳíÇ):
ËÇÕ× ·áñÍ Ï³ï³ñáÕ: poulterer [΄pəultərə] n ÁÝï³ÝÇ ÃéãáõÝÝ»ñ
potency [΄pəutnsi] n áõÅ, ½áñáõÃÛáõÝ, ϳ- í³×³éáÕ:
ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. μÅßÏ. ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛáõÝ, ¿ý»Ï- poultice [΄pəultis] n ï³ù Ãñçáó³É³Ã:
ïÇíáõÃÛáõÝ. ÃݹáõÃÛáõÝ (ËÙÇãùÇ): poultry [΄pəultri] n ÁÝï³ÝÇ ÃéãáõÝÝ»ñ. ~
potent [΄pəutnt] a ϳñáÕ, ½áñ»Õ. μÅßÏ. ³½- breeding ÃéãݳμáõÍáõÃÛáõÝ:
¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»óáÕ. Ãáõݹ (ËÙÇãù). ~ rea- pounce [pauns] n ѳÝϳñͳÏÇ í³Ûñ¿çù/
son ѳÙá½Çã å³ï׳é: ó³ïÏáõÙ. Ù³·ÇÉ, ׳ÝÏ:
potentate [΄pəutnteit] n ïÇñ³Ï³É, ·»ñÇß- pound [paund] n ýáõÝï (³Ý·É. 453 ·ñ.).
˳Ý, Ùdzå»ï: ýáõÝï ëï»ñÉÇÝ· (÷áÕÇ Ùdzíáñ). a ~ note
potential [pə΄ten∫l] n, a Ý»ñáõÅ, åáï»Ý- Ù»Ï ýáõÝï³Ýáó ÃÕó¹ñ³Ù:
ódzÉ. Ñݳñ³íáñ, Ý»ñáõųÛÇÝ. åáï»Ý- pound [paund] v ͻͻÉ, Ë÷»É, óϻÉ.
ódzÉ: ÷ßñ»É, Ù³Ýñ»É. ~ at the door ¹é³ÝÁ áõÅ·ÇÝ
potentiality [pə‚ten∫i΄æləti] n Ñݳñ³íá- ½³ñÏ»É. ~ smth in a mortar ѳí³Ý·Ç Ù»ç
ñáõÃÛáõÝ, Ý»ñáõÅáõÃÛáõÝ, Ý»ñáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ: ÇÝã-áñ μ³Ý ͻͻÉ. (áõÅ·ÇÝ Ë÷»É/μ³μ³Ë»É)
potentially [pə΄ten∫li] n Áëï Ñݳñ³íá- His heart was ~ing Üñ³ ëÇñïÁ áõÅ·ÇÝ
pour 631 practically

μ³μ³ËáõÙ ¿ñ: å³ÛÃÛáõÝÇ áõÅÁ. ~ of imagination »ñ¨³Ï³-


pour [pɔ:] v Ñáñ¹»É, ÉóÝ»É, ó÷í»É. ~ some ÛáõÃÛ³Ý áõÅÁ. holding ~ ½ëåáÕ áõÅ. ~ station
coffee ëáõñ× ÉóÝ»É. ~ the milk into the jug ¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³Û³Ý. ~ point í³ñ¹³Ï. (áõݳÏáõ-
ϳÃÁ ë³÷áñÇ Ù»ç ÉóÝ»É. Blood was ~ing ÃÛáõÝ) mental ~ Ùï³íáñ ϳñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ/áõ-
²ñÛáõÝÁ ·³ÉÇë ¿ñ/ó÷íáõÙ ¿ñ. ~ out ó÷»É, ݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ of speech Ëáë»Éáõ áõݳÏáõ-
¹áõñë ó÷»É. The crowd was ~ing out ´³½- ÃÛáõÝ. It is not in my ~ ºë ³ÝϳñáÕ »Ù. That’s
ÙáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¹áõñë ¿ñ ó÷íáõÙ. ÷Ëμ. û·ï. ~ beyond my ~ ¸³ ÇÙ áõÅ»ñÇó í»ñ ¿. (Édz-
cold water on smb’s idea Ù»ÏÇ ·³Õ³÷³ñÇ ½áñáõÃÛáõÝ) ~ of attorney Édz½áñ³·Çñ. emer-
íñ³ ë³éÁ çáõñ ÉóÝ»É. ~ it out all to smn gency ~s ³ñï³Ï³ñ· Édz½áñáõÃÛáõÝ. sover-
Ñá·ÇÝ μ³ó»É/¹³ï³ñÏ»É Ù»ÏÇ ³éç¨. Sun- eign/supreme ~ ·»ñ³·áõÛÝ Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝ.
light ~ed into the room ê»ÝÛ³ÏÁ áÕáÕí»ó (å»ïáõÃÛáõÝ, ï»ñáõÃÛáõÝ, Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝ)
³ñ¨Ç ÉáõÛëáí. Protests ~ed in ´áÕáùÝ»ñ the great ~s Ù»Í å»ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ. come to ~
ï»Õ³óÇÝ. It never rains but ~s ¸Åμ³Ë- Çß˳ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ·ÉáõË ·³É. the ~s of the presi-
ïáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ù»Ý³Ï ãÇ ·³ÉÇë, γñÏáõïÁ dent åñ»½Ç¹»ÝïÇ Édz½áñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ. the ~
Í»Í³Í ï»ÕÝ ¿ Í»ÍáõÙ: behind the throne ·³ÑÇ Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ. the ~
pourparler [puə΄pa:lei] n ݳËÝ³Ï³Ý μ³- of veto í»ïáÛÇ Çñ³íáõÝùÁ. ~ cabel ¿É»Ïïñ³-
ݳÏóáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: Ï³Ý Ï³μ»É. ~ cut ¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³Ý Ñáë³ÝùÇ
pout [paut] n be in the ~ ݻճݳÉ, ÷ùí»É. ³Ýç³ïáõÙ. 64 is the 6th ~ of 2 64-Á 2-Ç 6-ñ¹
with a ~ ݻճó³Í, ùÇÃÁ ϳË: ³ëïÇ׳ÝÝ ¿:
pout [paut] v Ëéáí»É, ùÇÃÁ ϳ˻É. ~ one’s power-boat [΄pauəbəut] n Ùáïáñ³Ý³í³Ï:
lips ßñÃáõÝùÝ»ñÝ áõéóÝ»É, Ëéáí»É: powerful [΄pauəfl] a áõÅ»Õ, ѽáñ, ½áñ»Õ. a ~
pouter [΄pautə] n ÷ùí³Í/ݻճó³Í/ÙÇßï man áõÅ»Õ Ù³ñ¹. a ~ engine/blow ѽáñ ß³ñ-
¹Å·áÑ Ù³ñ¹: ÅÇã. áõÅ»Õ Ñ³ñí³Í. ~ state ѽáñ ïÇñáõ-
poverty [΄pɒvəti] n ³Õù³ïáõÃÛáõÝ, ãù³íá- ÃÛáõÝ. a ~ drug áõÅ»Õ ³½¹áÕ ÃÙñ³¹»Õ. a ~
ñáõÃÛáõÝ. live/die in ~ ³Õù³ïáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç novel ÷Ëμ. ÷³ÛÉáõÝ í»å. ~ emotions áõÅ»Õ
³åñ»É/Ù»éÝ»É. sink/fall into ~ ³Õù³ïáõ- ½·³óÙáõÝùÝ»ñ:
ÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÁÝÏÝ»É. a ~ of ideas ÷Ëμ. Ùïù»ñÇ power-house [΄pauəhaus], power plant
³Õù³ïáõÃÛáõÝ: [΄pauəpla:nt] n áõųϳ۳Ý, ¿É»Ïïñ³-
poverty-stricken [΄pɒvəti‚strikən] a ³Õ- ϳ۳Ý:
ù³ï, ³Õù³ïáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ïÝí³Í, ãù³íáñ: powerless [΄pauələs] a ³Ý½áñ, ³ÝáõÅ,
powder [΄paudə] n ÷áßÇ, ¹»Õ³÷áßÇ. tooth ~ ³ÝϳñáÕ.
³ï³ÙÇ ÷áßÇ. gun ~ í³éá¹. ~ flask í³éá- power-shovel [΄pauə‚∫Λvl] n ³ñï³÷áñÇã
¹³Ù³Ý. ~ mill í³éá¹Ç ·áñͳñ³Ý. ~ maga- Ù»ù»Ý³, ¿ùëϳí³ïáñ:
zine í³éá¹Ç ÝÏáõÕ. ~ compact ¹ÇÙ³÷áß³- power station [΄pauə‚stei∫n] n áõųϳ۳Ý,
Ù³Ý. ~ room ϳݳóÇ ë»ÝÛ³Ï/½áõ·³ñ³Ý. ~ ¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³Û³Ý:
puff ßå³ñ³÷ÝçÇÏ: practicable [΄præktikəbl] a Çñ³·áñÍ»ÉÇ,
powder [΄paudə] v ͻͻÉ, ÷áßÇ ¹³ñÓÝ»É. Çñ³Ï³Ý:
÷áßÇ ó³Ý»É. ¹ÇÙ³÷áßÇ ùë»É. ~ one’s practical [΄præktikl] a ·áñÍݳϳÝ. ~ train-
face/nose ¹»ÙùÇÝ/ùÃÇÝ ¹ÇÙ³÷áßÇ ùë»É: ing/measures ·áñÍÝ³Ï³Ý å³ñ³åÙáõÝùÝ»ñ/
powdered [΄paudəd] a ÷áßdzóñ³Í. ~ milk ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ. ~ experience ·áñÍÝ³Ï³Ý ÷áñÓ/
ϳÃÇ ÷áßÇ: Ï»Ýë³÷áñÓ. a ~ mind/plan åñ³ÏïÇÏ Ùï³-
powdery [΄paudəri] a ÷áß»ÝÙ³Ý. a ~ snow ÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. Çñ³Ï³Ý åɳÝ. a ~ wife/kitchen
Ù³Ýñ. ÷áß»ÝÙ³Ý ÓÛáõÝ: ïÝï»ëáÕ ÏÇÝ, ѳñÙ³ñ³í»ï ËáѳÝáó. ~
power [΄pauə] n áõÅ, ¿Ý»ñ·Ç³, ѽáñáõÃÛáõÝ. shoes ѳñÙ³ñ ÏáßÇÏÝ»ñ. a ~ joke ϳï³Ï³-
extraordinary/exceptional ~ ³ñï³Ï³ñ·/³ñ- ˳Õ:
ï³ëáíáñ áõÅ. electric/nuclear ~ ¿É»Ïïñ³- practically [΄præktikli] adv ·áñÍݳ-
ϳÝ/ÙÇçáõϳÛÇÝ ¿Ý»ñ·Ç³. horse ~ ÓÇáõ áõÅ. ϳÝáñ»Ý, ÷³ëïáñ»Ý, ·áñÍݳϳÝáõÙ. ~
the ~ of an engine ß³ñÅÇãÇ áõÅÁ. the ~ of a everybody ÷³ëïáñ»Ý μáÉáñÁ. P~ we had no
blow ѳñí³ÍÇ áõÅÁ. the ~ of an explosion holiday Ø»Ýù ѳٳñÛ³/·ñ»Ã» ³ñÓ³Ïáõñ¹
practice 632 precarious

ãáõÝ»ó³Ýù: prairie [΄preəri] n Áݹ³ñÓ³Ï ï³÷³ëï³Ý.


practice [΄præktis] n ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛáõÝ, Ù³ñ·³·»ïÇÝ. åñ»ñdz (гñ³í³ÛÇÝ
ÑÙïáõÃÛáõÝ, ÷áñÓ. í³ñÅí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. legal ~ ²Ù»ñÇϳÛáõÙ):
Çñ³í³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛáõÝ. in ~ prairie-schooner [΄preəri‚sku:nə] n ³Ù.
·áñÍݳϳÝáõÙ. be out of ~ ÷áñÓ/í³ñÅ- åïÙ. ·³ÕóϳÝÝ»ñÇ ýáõñ·áÝ:
í³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ ãáõݻݳÉ. put theory into ~ praise [preiz]1. n ·áí³ë³Ýù, ·áí»ëï, ·áíù.
ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÁ ·áñÍݳϳÝáõÙ Çñ³Ï³- beyond ~ ³Ù»Ý ·áí³ë³ÝùÇó í»ñ. sing the ~
ݳóÝ»É. (μÅßÏ., Çñ³í. ·áñÍ, ³ß˳ï³Ýù) of ·áí»ñ·»É, ·áí³μ³Ý»É. keep ~ on smb
have a large ~ ß³ï ѳ׳Ëáñ¹Ý»ñ áõݻݳÉ. Ù»ÏÇÝ ³ÝÁÝ¹Ñ³ï ·áí³μ³Ý»É. 2. v ·áí»É,
set up in ~ Ù³ëݳíáñ ·áñÍ ÑÇÙݳ¹ñ»É. (ëá- ·áí³μ³Ý»É. ~ to the skies ·áí»Éáí »ñÏÇÝù
íáñáõÃÛáõÝ) in accordance with the usual ~ ѳݻÉ:
ÇÝãå»ë ëáíáñ³μ³ñ. It is not our ~ êáíá- praiseworthy [΄praiz‚wə:di] a ·áí³ë³ÝùÇ
ñ³μ³ñ Ù»Ýù ¹³ ã»Ýù ³ÝáõÙ. sharp ~ ³ñųÝÇ, ·áí»ÉÇ, ·áí³Ï³Ý:
˳μ»μ³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ, ˳ñ¹³ËáõÃÛáõÝ. corrupt pram I [præm] n ËëÏó. Ù³ÝÏ³Ï³Ý ë³ÛɳÏ:
~s ϳ߳é³Ï»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. (í³ñųÝù, Ù³ñ- pram II [pra:m] n ѳñóѳï³Ï ݳí:
½áõÙ) conversational ~ Ëáë³Ïó³Ï³Ý åñ³Ï- prance [pra:ns] 1. n áëïÛáõÝ, ó³ïÏáõÙ. 2. v
ïÇϳ. do an hour’s ~ Ù»Ï Å³Ù í³ñųÝù ϳ- ëÇ·³ñß³í»É (ÓÇáõ Ù³ëÇÝ). ~ on the grass
ï³ñ»É. be out of ~ ³Ýí³ñÅ ÉÇÝ»É, ÑÙïáõ- ÃéãÏáï»É Ëáï»ñÇ íñ³:
ÃÛáõÝÁ ÏáñóÝ»É. football ~ ýáõïμáÉÇ Ù³ñ- prank [præŋk] n ϳï³Ï, ã³ñ³××ÇáõÃÛáõÝ.
½áõÙ. a ~ match Ùñ½. Ù³ñ½Ù³Ý ˳գ play ~s ϳï³ÏÝ»ñ ³Ý»É. ûÛÇÝÝ»ñ ˳ճÉ.
practician [præk΄ti∫n] n åñ³ÏïÇÏ. åñ³Ï- prank [præŋk] v å×Ýí»É, ½áõ·í»É, ½³ñ¹³ñ-
ïÇϳÛáí Çñ ·áñÍÇÝ ïÇñ³å»ï³Í Ù³ñ¹: í»É:
practise [΄præktis] v ·áñÍݳϳÝáõÙ ÏÇñ³- prate [preit] n, v ¹³ï³ñϳμ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ.
é»É. Çñ Ù³ëݳ·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ùμ ³ß˳ï»É. ·áñ- ¹³ï³ñϳμ³Ý»É, ¹³ï³ñϳËáë»É:
ͳ¹ñ»É. »ñÅß. å³ñ³å»É, Ýí³·»É. ~ a new prattle [΄prætl] n, v ÃáÃáí³Ýù, ÃáÃáíáõÙ.
method/deceit Ýáñ Ù»Ãá¹/˳μ»áõÃÛáõÝ ÃáÃáí»É, ß³ï³Ëáë»É, ß³Õ³Ïñ³ï»É:
ÏÇñ³é»É. ˳μ»É. ~ medicine/law μÅßÏáõ- prattler [΄prætlə] n ÃáÃáí³Ëáë Ù³ÝÏÇÏ.
ÃÛ³Ùμ/Çñ³í³·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ùμ ½μ³Õí»É. ß³ï³Ëáë, ß³Õ³Ïñ³ï:
(Ù³ñ½í»É, í³ñÅí»É) ~ one’s language É»½íÇ pray [prei] v ³ÕáûÉ. She ~ed it wouldn’t hap-
íñ³ ³ß˳ï»É. ~ shooting Ïñ³Ï»Éáõ Ù»ç pen ÷Ëμ. ܳ ËݹñáõÙ ¿ñ ²ëïÍáõó, áñ
Ù³ñ½í»É. The team ~s on Mondays ÂÇÙÁ ÙdzÛÝ Ã» ¹³ ãå³ï³ÑÇ. ~ be seated ÞÝáñÑ
Ù³ñ½íáõÙ ¿ »ñÏáõß³μÃÇ ûñ»ñÇÝ: ³ñ»ù, Ýëï»ù£
practised [΄præktist] a ÷áñÓí³Í, í³ñÅ- prayer [΄preiə] n ³ÕáÃù. Êݹñ³Ýù, ³Õ³-
í³Í. a ~ player ÷áñÓí³Í ˳ճóáÕ. a ~ ã³Ýù. say one’s ~s ³ÕáûÉ. a ~ book ³Õá-
eye/movement ÷áñÓ³éáõ ³ãù. í³ñÅ»óí³Í ó·Çñù:
ß³ñÅáõÙ: preach [pri:t∫] v ù³ñá½»É, Ëñ³ï»É ~ the
practising [΄præktisiŋ] a ·áñÍáÕ. a ~ doctor Gospel/tolerance ²í»ï³ñ³Ý/ѳݹáõñÅáÕ³-
³ß˳ïáÕ, ·áñÍáÕ μÅÇßÏ. ~ catholic ѳí³- ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ ù³ñá½»É. ~ a sermon ù³ñá½
ï³óÛ³É Ï³ÃáÉÇÏ: ϳñ¹³É:
practitioner [præk΄ti∫nə] n Ù³ëݳíáñ preacher [΄pri:t∫ə] n ù³ñá½Çã:
·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ùμ/åñ³ÏïÇϳÛáí ½μ³ÕíáÕ preamble [pri΄æmbl] n ³é³ç³μ³Ý, ݳ˳-
μÅÇßÏ/Çñ³í³μ³Ý. general ~ μÅßÏ. Áݹѳ- μ³Ý. ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ å³Ûٳݳ·ñÇ Ý»ñ³Í³-
Ýáõñ åñ³ÏïÇϳÛáí ½μ³ÕíáÕ μÅÇßÏ, û- ϳÝ:
ñ³å¨ï: prearranged [‚pri:ə΄reindзd] a ݳËûñáù
pragmatic [præg΄mætik] a ÷ÇÉ. åñ³·Ù³- åɳݳíáñí³Í/å³Ûٳݳíáñí³Í. at a ~
ïÇÏ. ·áñÍÝ³Ï³Ý μÝáõÛÃ/ÏÇñ³éáõÙ áõÝ»- time ݳËûñáù å³Ûٳݳíáñí³Í ų-
óáÕ: ÙÇÝ/ųٳݳÏ. The meeting was ~ гݹÇ-
pragmatism [΄prægmətiz(ə)m] n ÷ÇÉ. åáõÙÁ ݳËûñáù ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåí³Í/ݳ-
åñ³·Ù³ïǽÙ: ˳ï»ëí³Í ¿ñ:
precaution 633 predict

precarious [pri΄keəriəs] a ³ÝÑáõë³ÉÇ, precise [pri΄saiz] a ×ß·ñÇï. Ñëï³Ï. ëïáõÛ·.


³Ýíëï³Ñ»ÉÇ, íï³Ý·³íáñ: at that ~ moment ×Çßï Ñ»Ýó ³Û¹ å³ÑÇÝ. ~
precaution [pri΄kɔ:∫n] n ݳ˳½·áõßáõ- measurements ×ß·ñÇï ã³÷ë»ñ/ã³÷áõÙÝ»ñ:
ÃÛáõÝ, ݳ˳½·áõß³óáõÙ. take ~s ݳ˳- precision [pri΄siзn] n ×ß·ñïáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ in-
½·áõß³Ï³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ Ó»éù ³éÝ»É: struments ×ß·ñÇï ·áñÍÇùÝ»ñ:
precautionary [pri΄kɔ:∫nəri] a ݳ˳½·áõ- preclude [pri΄klu:d] v ϳÝË»É. ˳ݷ³ñ»É,
߳ϳÝ: ³ñ·»É»É. ~ all doubts ÷³ñ³ï»É μáÉáñ ϳë-
precautious [pri΄kɔ:∫əs] a ½·áõÛß, ½·áÝ: ϳÍÝ»ñÁ. ~ smn from joining ˳ݷ³-
precede [pri΄si:d] v ݳËáñ¹»É. the week ~ing ñ»É/ËáãÁݹáï»É Ù»ÏÇÝ Ùdzݳɣ
the events Çñ³¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ Ý³Ëáñ- precocious [pri΄kəu∫əs] a í³Õ³Ñ³ë. a ~
¹áÕ ß³μ³ÃÁ: child ï³ñÇùÇó ßáõï ѳëáõݳó³Í/ ½³ñ·³-
precedence [΄presidəns] n ݳËáñ¹áõÙ. ó³Í »ñ»Ë³:
have/take ~ of å³ßïáÝáí/ÏáãÙ³Ùμ ³í»ÉÇ precocity [pri΄kɒsəti] n í³Õ³Å³Ù ½³ñ·³-
μ³ñÓñ ÉÇÝ»É. order of ~ ³í³·áõÃÛ³Ý óáõÙ í³Õ³Ñ³ëáõÃÛáõÝ:
ϳñ·Á: preconceived [‚pri:kən΄si:vd] a ϳÝ˳-
precedent [΄presidənt] n ݳ˳¹»å. create a ϳÉ. a ~ idea ϳÝË³Ï³É Ï³ñÍÇù:
~ ݳ˳¹»å ëï»ÕÍ»É. There is no ~ ê³ precondition [‚pri:kən΄di∫n] n å³ñï³¹Çñ
ݳ˳¹»å ãáõÝÇ: å³ÛÙ³Ý:
preceding [pri΄si:diŋ] a ݳËáñ¹áÕ, ݳ- precursor [pri΄kə:sə] n ݳ˳·áõß³Ï, ³í»-
Ëáñ¹£ ï³μ»ñ:
precept [΄pri:sept] n óáõóáõÙ, Ññ³Ñ³Ý·, precursory [pri΄kə:səri] a ݳ˳·áõß³Ï,
å³ïíÇñ³Ý. Çñ³í. ·ñ³íáñ ϳñ·³¹ñáõ- ϳÝ˳·áõß³Ï:
ÃÛáõÝ: predator [΄predətə] n ·Çß³ïÇã ϻݹ³ÝÇ£
preceptor [pri΄septə] n ¹³ëïdzñ³Ï, áõ- predatory [΄predətəri] a ·Çß³ïÇã. ÷Ëμ.
ëáõóÇã:
ѳ÷ßï³ÏÇã, ÏáÕáåïÇã. ~ instincts/habits
precinct [΄pri:siŋkt] n ÑáÕ³Ïïáñ, ï³ñ³Íù ·Çß³ïÇã μݳ½¹Ý»ñ/í³ñù³·ÇÍ, ëáíá-
(ѳï³ïáõÃÛ³Ý ÏÇó). ³Ù. áëïÇϳݳϳÝ
ñáõÛÃÝ»ñ:
ï»Õ³Ù³ë. within the ~s of the church/city
predecease [‚pri:di΄si:s] v ݳËáñ¹»É:
»Ï»Õ»óáõ/ù³Õ³ùÇ ï³ñ³ÍùáõÙ. a shopping
~ ³é¨ïñÇ Ï»ÝïñáÝ. electoral ~ ÁÝïñ³Ï³Ý
predecessor [΄pri:disesə] n ݳËáñ¹, ݳ-
˳ѳÛñ, ݳËÝÇ:
ï»Õ³Ù³ë:
precious [΄pre∫əs] 1. a óÝϳñÅ»ù. a ~ stone predestination [pri:‚desti΄nei∫n] n ݳ˳-
ë³ÑÙ³ÝáõÙ, μ³Ëï, ׳ϳﳷÇñ:
óÝϳñÅ»ù ù³ñ. ~ metals ³½ÝÇí Ù»ï³Õ-
Ý»ñ. (óÝϳ·ÇÝ, ëÇñ»ÉÇ) my ~ óÝϳ-
predestine [pri:΄destin] v ݳ˳ë³ÑٳݻÉ:
·ÇÝë, ëÇñ»ÉÇë. get into a ~ mess ËëÏó.
predestined [pri:΄destind] a ݳ˳ë³Ñ-
Ù³Ýí³Í. He seemed ~ to succeed ֳϳï³-
¹Åí³ñÇÝ Ï³óáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÁÝÏÝ»É. 2. adv
·ÇñÁ Ýñ³Ý ѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ ݳ˳ë³ÑÙ³-
ËëÏó. ã³÷³½³Ýó, ë³ëïÇÏ, ß³ï ɳí:
precipice [΄presəpis] n ³Ý¹áõݹ, ·³Ñ³í»Å: Ý»É:
precipitant [pri΄sipitənt] a ëñÁÝóó, predicament [pri΄dikəmənt] n ïÑ³× ¹ñáõ-
³ñ³·ÁÝóó, ѳå×»å: ÃÛáõÝ, ³Ý³ËáñÅáõÃÛáõÝ. be in a ~ ³Ý-
precipitate [pri΄sipitət] n ùÇÙ. Ýëïí³Íù: ѳñÙ³ñ íÇ׳ÏáõÙ ÉÇÝ»É:
precipitate [pri΄sipiteit] v Ý»ïí»É, ·³Ñ³- predicate [΄predikət] n ù»ñ. ëïáñá·Û³É£
íÇÅ»É, ó÷í»É. ³ñ³·³óÝ»É. ~ the crisis predicate [΄predikeit] v ѳëï³ï»É. ù»ñ.
÷Ëμ. ׷ݳųÙÝ ³ñ³·³óÝ»É: ëïáñá·»É:
precipitation [pri‚sipi΄tei∫n] n ëñÁÝóóáõ- predication [‚predi΄kei∫n] n ù»ñ. ëïáñá-
ÃÛáõÝ, ·³Ñ³í»Å ³ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝ: ·áõÙ£
precipitous [pri΄sipitəs] a ·³Ñ³í»Å: predicative [pri΄dikətiv] n ù»ñ. ³Ýí³Ý³-
precis [΄preisi:] n ϳñ× ß³ñ³¹ñáõÙ, ѳٳ- Ï³Ý Ù³ë, ëïáñá·»ÉÇ³Ï³Ý í»ñ³¹Çñ:
éáï ß³ñ³¹ñ³Ýù: predict [pri΄dikt] v ·áõ߳ϻÉ, ϳÝ˳·áõß³-
predictable 634 premature

Ï»É: preferment [pri΄fə:mənt] n ·»ñ³¹³ëáõÙ.


predictable [pri΄diktəbl] a ·áõ߳ϻÉÇ, ϳÝ- ݳ˳å³ïíáõÃÛáõÝ ï³ÉÁ. å³ßïáÝÇ
˳ï»ë»ÉÇ: μ³ñÓñ³óáõÙ:
prediction [pri΄dik∫n] n ·áõß³ÏáõÙ, ϳÝ- prefix [΄pri:fiks] n ù»ñ. ݳ˳ͳÝó£
˳·áõß³ÏáõÙ: pregnancy [΄pregnənsi] n ÑÕÇáõÃÛáõÝ (ݳ¨
predilection [‚pri:di΄lek∫n] n ݳ˳ëÇñáõ- ÷Ëμ.):
ÃÛáõÝ, ѳÏáõÙ: pregnant [΄pregnənt] a ÑÕÇ, ѻ勉ÝùÝ»ñáí
predispose [‚pri:di΄spəuz] v ݳ˳ïñ³- ÑÕÇ. a ~ silence ÷Ëμ. μ³½Ù³Ý߳ݳÏ
Ù³¹ñ»É, ïñ³Ù³¹ñ»É: ÉéáõÃÛáõÝ. words ~ with meaning ÇÙ³ëï³ÉÇó
predisposition [‚pri:dispə΄zi∫n] n ݳ˳- μ³é»ñ:
ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ: preheat [‚pri:΄hi:t] v ݳËûñáù ï³ù³óÝ»É:
predominance [pri΄dɒminəns] n ·»ñ³- prehistoric [‚pri:hi΄stɒrik] a ݳ˳å³ï-
ÏßéáõÃÛáõÝ: ٳϳÝ:
predominant [pri΄dɒminənt] a ·»ñ³ÏßéáÕ, prejudge [‚pri:΄dзΛdз] v ϳÝ˳í×é»É,
·»ñ³ÏßÇé. ~ characteristics/features ·»ñ³- ϳÝËáñáß»É. ~ the issue ϳÝËáñáß»É Ñ³ñ-
ÏßéáÕ μÝáñáß ·Í»ñÁ: óÁ:
predominate [pri΄dɒmineit] v ·»ñ³Ïßé»É, prejudice [΄predзudis] n ϳÝË³Ï³É Ï³ñ-
·»ñÇßË»É, ÇßË»É: ÍÇù. ݳ˳å³ß³ñÙáõÝù. without ~ ³ÝϳÝ-
pre-eminent [pri΄eminənt] a Ý߳ݳíáñ, Ë³Ï³É Ó¨áí. Çñ³í. íݳë ãå³ï׳é»Éáí.
³ãùÇ ÁÝÏÝáÕ: racial ~ é³ë³Û³Ï³Ý ݳ˳å³ß³ñÙáõÝù
preemptive [pri:΄emptiv] a ݳ˳å³ï- steeped in ~ ݳ˳å³ß³ñÙáõÝùí ÉÇ. in ~ of,
í»ÉÇ: to the ~ of Çñ³í. Ç íݳë. to the ~ of smb Ç
pre-establish [‚pri:is΄tæbli∫] v ݳ˳³Ñ- íݳë Ù»ÏÇ:
ٳݻÉ: prejudice [΄predзudis] v ݳ˳ïñ³Ù³¹ñ»É.
prefab [΄pri:fæb] n ËëÏó. ù³Ý¹áíÇ/ѳí³- ~ smb against smb/smth ïñ³Ù³¹ñ»É Ù»ÏÇ/ÙÇ
ùáíÇ Çñ/³é³ñϳ: μ³ÝÇ ¹»Ù. ~ smb in favour of Ç û·áõï
prefabricated [‚pri:΄fæbrikeitid] a ѳí³- Ù»ÏÇ/ÙÇ μ³ÝÇ ïñ³Ù³¹ñ»É. be ~d against
ùáíÇ. a ~ house ѳí³ùáíÇ ïáõÝ: smn Ù»ÏÇ ¹»Ù ïñ³Ù³¹ñí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. ~ smn’s
preface [΄prefəs] n ݳ˳μ³Ý, Ý»ñ³Í³Ï³Ý chances of success Ù»ÏÇ Ñ³çáÕáõÃÛ³ÝÁ
Ù³ë: íݳë»É/˳ݷ³ñ»É:
prefatory [΄prefətəri] a Ý»ñ³Í³Ï³Ý, prejudicial [‚predзu΄di∫l] a íݳë³Ï³ñ,
ݳ˳μ³ÝÇ: Ïáñͳݳñ³ñ. ~ to smb’s interests íݳë³-
prefer [pri΄fə:] v ·»ñ³¹³ë»É, ݳËÁÝïñ»É. ϳñ Ù»ÏÇ ß³Ñ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ:
~ coffee ëáõñ× Ý³ËÁÝïñ»É. ~ to remain silent prejudiced [΄predзədist] a ݳ˳å³ß³ñ-
ݳËÁÝïñ»É Éáõé ÙݳÉ. ~ charges against smb í³Í, ݳ˳ïñ³Ù³¹ñí³Í:
Çñ³í. Ù»ÏÇ ¹»Ù Ù»Õ³¹ñ³Ýù Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É: prelate [΄prelət] n μ³ñÓñ³ëïÇ×³Ý Ñá·¨á-
ñ³Ï³Ý, åñ»É³ï. ³Ù. ù³Ñ³Ý³:
preferable [΄prefrəbl] a ·»ñ³¹³ë»ÉÇ, ݳ-
˳å³ïí»ÉÇ:
preliminar/y [pri΄liminri] 1. a ݳËݳϳÝ,
ëϽμݳϳÝ. 2. n ݳ˳å³ïñ³ëï³Ï³Ý
preferably [΄prefrəbli] adv ·»ñ³¹³ë»Éáí,
ÙÇçnó³éáõÙ. ~ies ݳËÝ³Ï³Ý μ³Ý³Ïóáõ-
ݳËÁÝïñ»Éáí:
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ/³Ù. ÁÝïñ³Ï³Ý ѳٳϳñ·/
preference [΄prefrəns] n ݳ˳å³ïíáõ-
ݳËÝ³Ï³Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. ~ hearing/in-
ÃÛáõÝ, ݳ˳å³ïíáõÃÛ³Ý Çñ³íáõÝù. give
vestigation Çñ³í. ݳËÝ³Ï³Ý ¹³ï³ùÝÝáõ-
smn ~ Ù»ÏÇÝ Ý³Ë³å³ïíáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É. have
ÃÛáõÝ, ݳ˳ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
no particular ~ ÙǨÝáõÛÝÁ ÉÇÝ»É. ~ share
prelude [΄prelju:d] n ݳ˳μ³Ý, Ý»ñ³Í³-
³ñïáÝÛ³É μ³ÅÝ»ïáÙë:
ϳÝ. »ñÅß. ݳ˻ñ·³Ýù, åñ»ÉÛáõ¹Ç³:
preferential [‚prefə΄ren∫l] a ·»ñ³¹³ë»ÉÇ. premarital [pri:΄mæritl] a ݳ˳Ùáõëݳ-
ïÝï. ³ñïáÝÛ³É. buy on ~ terms ³ñïáÝÛ³É
ϳÝ:
·Ý»ñáí ·Ý»É:
premature [΄premət∫ə] a í³Õ³Å³Ù, í³Õ³-
prematurely 635 prerequisite

ѳë ~ baldness í³Õ³Ñ³ë ׳ճïáõÃÛáõÝ. a prepackaged, prepacked [‚pri:΄pækidзd,


~ baby í³Õ³ÍÇÝ/ûñ³å³Ï³ë »ñ»Ë³. ~ op- ‚pri:΄pækt] a ݳËûñáù Ïßé³÷³Ã»Ã³íá-
timism í³Õ³Å³Ù ɳí³ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ: ñ³Í:
prematurely [΄premət∫əli] adv ѳå×»å, prepaid [‚pri:΄peid] a ݳËûñáù í׳ñí³Í. ~
ßï³å, í³Õ³Å³Ù: carriage í׳ñí³Í ï»Õ³÷áËáõÙ. ~ reply
premeditated [pri:΄mediteitid] a ϳÝ˳- ݳ˳í׳ñí³Í å³ï³ë˳Ý:
Ùï³Íí³Í, ¹Çï³íáñÛ³É (ݳ¨ Çñ³í.): preparation [‚prepə΄rei∫n] n ݳ˳å³ï-
premeditation [pri:‚medi΄tei∫n] n ϳÝ˳- ñ³ëïáõÃÛáõÝ. å³ïñ³ëïáõÃÛáõÝ. å³ï-
Ùï³Íí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ.¹Çï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ: ñ³ëïáõÙ. without ~ ѳÝå³ïñ³ëïÇó,
premier [΄premiə] a, n ³é³çÇÝ. í³ñã³- ³é³Ýó ݳ˳å³ïñ³ëïí»Éáõ A new play
å»ï, åñ»ÙÇ»ñ ÙÇÝÇëïñ: is in ~ Üáñ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõÙ ¿ ݳ˳å³ï-
premiere [΄premieə] n óïñ. ³é³çÝ³Ë³Õ ñ³ëïíáõÙ. ~ for an exam ùÝÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ý³Ë³-
Ý»ñϳ۳óáõÙ, åñ»ÙÇ»ñ³: å³ïñ³ëïáõÙ. (å³ïñ³ëïáõÏ, åñ»å³-
premise [΄premis] 1. n ݳ˳¹ñÛ³É. ~s ß»Ýù, ñ³ï) the ~ of a medicine ¹»ÕÇ å³ïñ³ë-
ïáõÝ, ÑÇÙù. business ~s ͳé³ÛáÕ³Ï³Ý ïáõÙ. ~s for a party »ñ»ÏáõÛÃÇ Ý³Ë³å³ï-
ß»Ýù. be consumed on the ~ ï³ñÉóáíÇ / μ³- ñ³ëïáõÙ. in ~ for ÝϳïÇ áõݻݳÉáí£
Å³Ï³Í³Ë í³×³éù. 2. v ݳ˳Ïó»É, ݳ- preparatory [pri΄pærətəri] n ݳ˳å³ï-
˳¹ñ»É: ñ³ëï³Ï³Ý:
premium [΄pri:miəm] n ¹ñ³Ù³Ï³Ý å³ñ·¨. prepare [pri΄peə] v å³ïñ³ëï(í)»É. ݳ˳-
³å³Ñáí³·ÇÝ. insurance ~ ³å³Ñáí³- å³ïñ³ëï»É. ~ food/dinner áõï»ÉÇù/׳ß
·ñÙ³Ý å³ñ·¨. ³å³Ñáí³·ÇÝ. ~ bond ˳- å³ïñ³ëï»É. ~ a lesson ¹³ëÁ å³ïñ³ë-
Õ³ñÏáõÃÛ³Ý ïáÙë. put a ~ on ù³ç³É»ñ»É, ï»É. ~ a surprise ³Ý³ÏÝÏ³É å³ïñ³ëï»É. ~
Ëñ³Ëáõë»É. ýÇÝ. ѳí»É³í׳ñ Flats are at a for exams ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ å³ïñ³ëïí»É:
~ now ÷Ëμ. ²Ûëûñ μݳϳñ³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ù»Í prepared [pri΄peəd] a å³ïñ³ëï. ~ to help
å³Ñ³Ýç ϳ£ û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ý å³ïñ³ëï. not to be ~
premonition [‚premə΄ni∫n] n ݳ˳½·³- å³ïñ³ëï ãÉÇÝ»É:
óáõÙ, ݳ˳½·áõß³óáõÙ. have a ~ ݳ˳- preparedness [pri΄peədnəs] n å³ïñ³ë-
½·³É. have a ~ of disaster ¹Åμ³ËïáõÃÛáõÝ ïáõÃÛáõÝ, å³ïñ³ëïí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ:
ݳ˳½·³É/ݳ˳½·³óáõÙ áõݻݳÉ: prepay [‚pri:΄pei] v ݳËûñáù í׳ñ»É:
premonitory [pri΄mɒnitəri] a ݳ˳½·áõ- preponderance [pri΄pɒndərəns] n ·»ñ³-
ß³óÝáÕ: ÏßéáõÃÛáõÝ, ³é³í»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ:
prenatal [‚pri:΄neitl] a ݳ˳ÍÝݹ³μ»ñ³- preponderant [pri΄pɒndərənt] a ·»ñ³-
ϳÝ: ÏßÇé, ·»ñ³ÏßéáÕ:
prentice [΄prentis] n ³ß³Ï»ñï, ³ßÏ»ñï: preponderate [pri΄pɒndəreit] v ·»ñ³Ïßé»É,
preoccupation [pri‚ɒkju΄pei∫n] n Ùï³Ñá- ·»ñ³ÏßéáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ. ·»ñ³½³Ýó»É,
·áõÃÛáõÝ, Ùï³Ñá·í³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. óñí³Íáõ- μ³ñÓñ ÉÇÝ»É:
ÃÛáõÝ, ³Ýáõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. forget in ~ óñí³- preposition [‚prepə΄zi∫n] n ù»ñ. ݳ˹Çñ£
ÍáõÃÛáõÝÇó Ùáé³Ý³É. one’s chief ~ ·É˳- prepositional [‚prepə΄zi∫nəl] a ݳ˹ñ³ÛÇÝ,
íáñ/ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý Ñá·ëÁ: ݳ˹ñ³íáñ:
preoccupied [pri΄ɒkjupaid] a Ùïù»ñáí prepossess [‚pri:pə΄zes] v Ý»ñßÝã»É. ïÇñ»É,
ï³ñí³Í, Ùï³Ñá·, Ùï³Ñá·í³Í. be ~ with ѳٳϻÉ. ݳ˳ïñ³Ù³¹ñ»É, ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõ-
Ùï³Ñá·í³Í/½μ³Õí³Í ÉÇÝ»É: ÃÛáõÝ ëï»ÕÍ»É:
preoccupy [pri΄ɒkjupai] v Ùï³Ñá·»É, prepossessing [‚pri:pə΄zesiŋ] a ·ñ³íÇã,
áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ½μ³Õ»óÝ»É/·ñ³í»É: Ññ³åáõñÇã. ѳٳÏñ³Ýù ß³ñÅáÕ. ѳ-
pre-ordain [‚pri:ɔ:΄dein] v ϳÝËáñáß»É, Ù³Ïñ»ÉÇ. be not ~ ·ñ³íÇã ãÉÇÝ»É:
ݳËáñáß»É: prepossession [‚pri:pə΄ze∫n] n ݳ˳ïñ³-
prep [prep] n ËëÏó. ݳ˳å³ïñ³ëï³Ï³Ý Ù³¹ñí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ϳÝË³Ï³É Ï³ñÍÇù:
¹åñáó. ËëÏó. ¹åñáó. ³é³ç³¹ñ³Ýù. do preposterous [pri΄pɒstərəs] a ³ÝÙÇï,
one’s ~ ¹³ë»ñÝ ³Ý»É: ³ÝѻûÃ, ³Õ³í³Õí³Í:
prerogative 636 press

prerequisite [pri:΄rekwəzit] n ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É, ïáÙë»ñÁ óáõÛó ï³É. ~ a peti-


ݳ˳å³ÛÙ³Ý, ݳ˳¹ñÛ³É: tion ѳÝñ³·Çñ ï³É. ~ a cheque for payment
prerogative [pri΄rɒgətiv] n ³ñïáÝáõÃÛáõÝ, í׳ñ»Éáõ ѳٳñ ã»Ï Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É:
μ³ó³éÇÏ Çñ³íáõÝù, μ³ó³éÇÏáõÃÛáõÝ: presentable [pri΄zentəbl] a Ý»ñϳ۳ݳÉÇ,
presage [΄presidз] n ݳ˳·áõ߳ϻÉ, í³Û»Éáõã, å³ïß³×:
ϳÝ˳·áõ߳ϻÉ. ݳ˳½·³óáõÙ áõݻݳÉ: presentation [‚prezn΄tei∫n] n ѳÝÓÝáõÙ.
presbyter [΄prezbitə] n ù³Ñ³Ý³, »ñ»ó: óïñ. Ý»ñϳ۳óáõÙ. Ù³ïáõóáõÙ. ~ of
preschool [‚pri:΄sku:l] a ݳ˳¹åñáó³- prizes Ùñó³Ý³ÏÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ÝÓÝáõÙ. (ÝíÇñ»ÉÁ) ~
ϳÝ. ~ age ݳ˳¹åñáó³Ï³Ý ѳë³Ï£ of a clock ųٳóáõÛó ÝíÇñ»ÉÁ. (ѳٳéáï
prescribe [pri΄skraib] v Ýß³Ý³Ï»É (¹»Õ) ~ a ß³ñ³¹ñ³Ýù) the ~ of a case/ideas ¹»åùÇ/
course of treatment μáõÅÙ³Ý Ïáõñë Ý߳ݳ- Ùïù»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³éáï ß³ñ³¹ñ³Ýù. ~ of food
Ï»É. ~d textbooks å³ñï³¹Çñ ·ñ³Ï³Ýáõ- ׳߳ï»ë³ÏÝ»ñÇ Ó¨³íáñáõÙ/Ù³ïáõóáõÙ.
ÃÛáõÝ: (ßÝáñѳݹ»ë) ~ of a new book Ýáñ ·ñùÇ
prescript [΄pri:skript] n Ññ³Ù³Ý, ϳñ·³- ßÝáñѳݹ»ë:
¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ: present-day [‚preznt΄dei] n ųٳݳϳ-
prescription [pri΄skrip∫n] n μÅßÏ. ¹»Õ³- ÏÇó, ³Ûëûñí³.
ïáÙë. write/make out a ~ ¹»Õ³ïáÙë ·ñ»É. presentee [‚prezn΄ti:] n Ýí»ñ ëï³óáÕÁ:
make up a ~ ¹»Õ³ïáÙëáí ¹»Õ å³ïñ³ë- presentiment [pri΄zentimənt] n ݳ˳½·³-
ï»É: óáõÙ:
prescriptive [pri΄skriptiv] a Ññ³Ñ³Ý·ã³- presently [΄prezntli] adv ßáõïáí. ùÇã ųٳ-
ϳÝ, ϳñ·³¹ñáճϳÝ: Ý³Ï ³Ýó. ³ÛÅÙ, ÑÇÙ³:
presence [΄prezns] n Ý»ñϳÛáõÃÛáõÝ. at smb’s preservation [‚prezə΄vei∫n] n å³Ñå³ÝáõÙ.
~ Ù»ÏÇ Ý»ñϳÛáõÃÛ³Ùμ. the ~ of mind Ñá·áõ å³ßïå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. the ~ of historic buildings
³ñÇáõÃÛáõÝ, ë³éݳëñïáõÃÛáõÝ make one’s ~ å³ïÙ³Ï³Ý Ï³éáõÛóÝ»ñÇ å³Ñå³ÝáõÙ. the
felt Çñ Ý»ñϳÛáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇÝ ï»Õ»Ï³ó- ~ of wild life μÝáõÃÛ³Ý å³Ñå³ÝáõÙ:
Ý»É/½·³óÝ»É ï³É: preservative [pri΄zə:vətiv] a å³Ñå³Ý³-
presence-chamber [΄prezns‚t∫eimbə] n ϳÝ, ݳ˳å³ßïå³Ý³Ï³Ý:
Áݹáõݳñ³Ý: preserve [pri΄zə:v] n å³Ñ³ñ³Ý ³ñ³·
present I [΄preznt] n Ý»ñϳ ųٳݳÏ. ù»ñ. ÷ã³óáÕ ÙûñùÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. ~s å³Ñ³Íá
Ý»ñϳ ųٳݳÏÁ. at ~ ³ÛÅÙ, Ý»ñϳÛáõÙë. Ùáõñ³μ³. (³ñ·»Éáó) a game ~ áñë³ñ·»Éáó:
for the ~ ³é³ÛÅÙ, ³Ûë ³Ý·³Ù. those ~ Ý»ñ- preserve [pri΄zə:v] v å³Ñ»É, å³Ñå³Ý»É.
ϳݻñÁ£ å³ßïå³Ý»É. ~ an old building å³Ñå³Ý»É
present II [΄preznt] n Ýí»ñ, ÁÝͳ. make a ~ ÑÇÝ ß»ÝùÁ. ~ from harm ¹Åμ³ËïáõÃÛáõÝÇó
ÝíÇñ»É: å³Ñå³Ý»É. The painting is well-~d ÜϳñÁ
present [΄preznt] a Ý»ñϳ, ųٳݳϳÏÇó, É³í ¿ å³Ñå³Ýí»É:
³ñ¹Ç³Ï³Ý. in the ~ case ïíÛ³É ¹»åùáõÙ. be preserved [pri΄zə:vd] a å³Ñ³ÍáÛ³óí³Í£
~ at a meeting ÅáÕáíÇÝ Ý»ñϳ ÉÇÝ»É. the ~ preside [pri΄zaid] v ݳ˳·³Ñ»É:
government Ý»ñϳÛÇë ϳé³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ: presidency [΄prezidənsi] n ݳ˳·³Ñáõ-
present [pre`zent] v ÝíÇñ»É, ÁÝͳۻÉ. ï³É, ÃÛáõÝ:
ѳÝÓÝ»É, Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É. ~ a bouquet ͳÕÏ»- president [΄prezidənt] n ݳ˳·³Ñ, åñ»½Ç-
÷áõÝç ÝíÇñ»É. ~ a prize/a cup Ùñó³Ý³Ï/·³- ¹»Ýï. ~ elect ÁÝïñí³Í, μ³Ûó ¹»é å³ßïáÝ
í³Ã ѳÝÓÝ»É. (Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É) May I ~ my ãëï³ÝÓÝ³Í åñ»½Ç¹»Ýï:
brother γñá±Õ »Ù Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É »Õμáñë. ~ a presidential [‚prezi΄den∫l] a ݳ˳·³Ñ³-
report/thesis ½»ÏáõóáõÙ/û½ Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É. ~ ϳÝ. ~ elections ݳ˳·³Ñ³Ï³Ý ÁÝïñáõ-
a problem (Çñ»ÝÇó) åñáμɻ٠ݻñϳ۳óÝ»É. ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. a ~ candidate ݳ˳·³Ñ³Ï³Ý
~ evidence ³å³óáõÛóÝ»ñ Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É. ~ å³ßïáÝÇ Ã»ÏݳÍáõ£
some interest áñáß Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝ Ý»ñ- presidium [pri΄sidiəm] n ݳ˳·³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ
ϳ۳óÝ»É. Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É, óáõÛó ï³É (÷³ë- (ϳ½Ù):
ï³ÃáõÕÃ) one’s passport/tickets ³ÝÓݳ·ÇñÁ press [pres] n Ù³ÙáõÉ, å³ñμ»ñ³Ï³Ý Ññ³-
press 637 pretension

ï³ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ, Éñ³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ. yellow ~ ×ÝßáõÙ. the ~s of modern life ųٳݳϳÏÇó


ͳËáõ Ù³ÙáõÉ. gutter ~ μáõÉí³ñ³ÛÇÝ Ù³- ÏÛ³ÝùÇ ·»ñμ»éÝáõÙÁ. ~ cooker ³ñ³·³»÷
ÙáõÉ. the freedom/liberty of the ~ Ù³ÙáõÉÇ Ï³Ãë³. ~ gauge ï»Ë. ×Ýß³ã³÷. ~ group
³½³ïáõÃÛáõÝ. (Ññ³ï³ñ³ÏãáõÃÛáõÝ) Cam- ݳ˳ӻéÝáÕ ËáõÙμ:
bridge University ~ ø»ÙμñÇçÇ Ñ³Ù³Éë³ñ³ÝÇ pressurize [΄pre∫əraiz] v Ñ»ñÙ»ïÇϳóÝ»É,
Ññ³ï³ñ³ÏãáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ agency/box/cuttings Ñ»ñÙ»ïǽ³ódzÛÇ »ÝóñÏ»É. be ~ed ÷Ëμ.
Ù³ÙáõÉÇ ·áñͳϳÉáõÃÛáõÝ/ûÃÛ³Ï. Ïïñ³Íá- ×ÝßáõÙ ·áñÍ ¹Ý»É£
Ý»ñ Éñ³·ñ»ñÇó. (ïå³·ñáõÙ) be in the ~ prestige [pre΄sti:з] n í³ñÏ, Ñ»ÕÇݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ£
ïå³·ñí»É. (ÑñÙßïáó. Ù³ÙɳÏ) a ~ at the prestigious [pres΄tidзəs] a Ñ»ÕÇݳϳíáñ.
entrance ÑñÙßïáó ÙáõïùÇ Ùáï. get lost in the ³½¹»óÇÏ. μ³ñÓñ í³ñϳÝÇß áõÝ»óáÕ:
~ ³ÙμáËÇ Ù»ç »ÉùÁ ã·ïÝ»É/ÙáÉáñí»É. presumable [pri΄zju:məbl] a Ñݳñ³íáñ,
(Ù»ù»Ý³, ٻ˳ÝǽÙ) typing ~ ïå³·ñÇã ѳí³Ý³Ï³Ý:
Ù»ù»Ý³. wine ~ ˳ÕáÕÇ Ù³ÙÉÇã. give a ~ presumably [pri΄zju:məbli] adv ѳí³Ý³-
³ñ¹áõÏ»É. in the ~ of business ·áñÍ»ñÇ μ³ñ, »Ýó¹ñ³μ³ñ:
×ÝßÙ³Ý ï³Ï. (å³Ñ³ñ³Ý) linen ~ ëåÇ- presume [pri΄zju:m] v »Ýó¹ñ»É, ÁݹáõÝ»É,
ï³Ï»Õ»ÝÇ å³Ñ³ñ³Ý: ѳٳñ»É. Let us ~ that... ºÝó¹ñ»Ýù, áñ... ~
press [pres] v ë»ÕÙ»É. ~ the button/trigger on one’s good nature û·ïí»É Ù»ÏÇ μ³ñáõÃÛáõ-
Ïá׳ÏÁ/Ó·³ÝÁ ë»ÕÙ»É. ~ to one’s breast ÝÇó/ã³ñ³ß³Ñ»É. I wouldn’t ~ â¿Ç ѳٳñ-
ÏñÍùÇÝ ë»ÕÙ»É. ~ smn’s hand Ó»éùÁ ë»ÕÙ»É. Ó³ÏíÇ. ~ too much Çñ»Ý ß³ï μ³Ý ÃáõÛÉ
~ a cork into a bottle Ëó³ÝÁ ßßÇ Ù»ç ÙïóÝ»É. ï³É:
(×½Ù»Éáí ù³Ù»É, Ù½»É) ~ juice ÑÛáõà ù³Ù»É. ~ presumedly [pri΄zju:midli] adv »Ý-
grapes/olives ˳ÕáÕ/ÓÇóåïáõÕ ù³Ù»É. ~ ó¹ñ³μ³ñ, ѳí³Ý³μ³ñ£
flowers ͳÕÇÏÝ»ñ ãáñ³óÝ»É. ~ trousers presumption [pri΄zΛmp∫n] n »Ýó¹ñáõ-
ï³μ³ï ³ñ¹áõÏ»É. (ßï³å»óÝ»É, ßï³å»É) ÃÛáõÝ. ÷ÇÉ. ϳÝ˳í³ñϳÍ. Çñ³í. ~ of in-
~ for an answer ßï³å å³ï³ëË³Ý nocence ³ÝÙ»ÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³Ý˳í³ñϳÍ:
å³Ñ³Ýç»É. ~ one’s claims åݹ»É å³- presumptive [pri΄zΛmptiv] a »Ýó¹ñ³-
ѳÝçÝ»ñÇ íñ³. be ~ed by creditors ϳÝ, ѳí³Ý³Ï³Ý:
å³ñï³ï»ñ»ñÇ ×ÝßÙ³Ý ï³Ï ÉÇÝ»É. ~ed for presumptuous [pri΄zΛmpt∫uəs] a ѳÝ-
time ųٳݳÏÁ ãμ³í³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É. ~ the ¹áõ·Ý, ³Ùμ³ñï³í³Ý£
enemy/opponents ×Ýᯐ ÃßݳÙáõÝ/ѳϳé³- presuppose [‚pri:sə΄pəuz] v »Ýó¹ñ»É£
Ïáñ¹Ý»ñÇÝ. ~ for higher wages å³Ñ³Ýç»É presupposition [‚pri:sΛpə΄zi∫n] n »Ýó¹-
μ³ñÓñ ³ß˳ï³í³ñÓ: ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ݳ˳¹ñ۳ɣ
press-agency [΄pres‚eidзənsi] n ·áí³½- pretence [pri΄tens] n Ï»ÕÍÇù, ßÇÝÍáõ μ³Ý.
¹³ÛÇÝ ·áñͳϳÉáõÃÛáõÝ£ false ~s ˳μ»áõÃÛáõÝ, Ï»ÕÍÇù. (å³ïñí³Ï,
press-agent [΄pres‚eidзənt] n ·áí³½¹³ÛÇÝ Ï»ÕÍ å³ï׳é³μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ) under the ~ of
·áñͳϳÉ: helping/being tired û·Ý»Éáõ/Ñá·Ý³Í ÉÇÝ»Éáõ
press-gallery [΄pres‚gæləri] n Ù³ÙáõÉÇ å³ïñí³Ïáí:
Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇãÝ»ñÇ ï»Õ»ñÁ: pretend [pri΄tend] v Ó¨³Ý³É. Ó¨³óÝ»É. ~ to
pressing [΄presiŋ] a ßï³å, Ññ³ï³å. be ill/asleep ÑÇí³Ý¹/ùÝ³Í Ó¨³Ý³É. ~ to be
³ÝÑ»ï³Ó·»ÉÇ. ѳٳé, ëïÇåáճϳÝ. ~ ignorant ³Ýï»ÕÛ³Ï Ó¨³Ý³É. (ѳí³ÏÝ»É) I
debts ³ÝÑ»ï³Ó·»ÉÇ å³ñïù»ñ. ~ business don’t ~ to be a painter ºë ÝϳñãÇ Ñ³í³ÏÝáõ-
ßï³å ·áñÍ. a ~ need Ññ³ï³å å³Ñ³Ýç. be ÃÛáõÝ ãáõÝ»Ù:
~ åݹ»É, ×Ýß»É: pretended [pri΄tendid] a ßÇÝÍáõ, Ï»ÕÍ,
pressman [΄presmæn] n ÃÕóÏÇó, Éñ³·ñáÕ: »ñ¨³Ï³Û³Ï³Ý. å³Ñ³ÝçíáÕ:
pressure [΄pre∫ə] n ×ÝßáõÙ (ݳ¨ ÷Ëμ.). pretender [pri΄tendə] n ѳí³ÏÝáñ¹:
high/low ~ μ³ñÓñ/ó³Íñ ×ÝßáõÙ. financial ~ pretense [pri΄tens] n å³ïñí³Ï. Ï»ÕÍÇù,
¹ñ³Ù³Ï³Ý ëÕáõÃÛáõÝ. under ~ ×ÝßÙ³Ý ßÇÝÍáõ μ³Ý:
ï³Ï. put ~ upon ×ÝßáõÙ ·áñͳ¹ñ»É. atmos- pretension [pri΄ten∫n] n å³Ñ³Ýç, ѳí³Ï-
pheric/blood ~ ÙÃÝáÉáñï³ÛÇÝ/ ³ñÛ³Ý ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. have no ~s áã ÙÇ å³Ñ³Ýç/ѳí³Ï-
pretentious 638 prick

ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ãáõݻݳÉ: ¹ÇïáõÙ:


pretentious [pri΄ten∫əs] a ѳí³ÏÝáï, previous [΄pri:viəs] 1. a ݳËáñ¹, ݳËáñ-
å³Ñ³ÝçÏáï: ¹áÕ. ~ years ݳËáñ¹ ï³ñÇÝ»ñÁ. ~ experi-
preterite [΄pretərit] n ù»ñ. ³ÝóÛ³É Å³Ù³- ence ݳËÝ³Ï³Ý ÷áñÓ. ~ history ݳ˳-
ݳÏÇ Ó¨Á: å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ convictions ¹³ïí³Íáõ-
preternatural [‚pri:tə΄næt∫rəl] a ·»ñμݳ- ÃÛáõÝ ³ÝóÛ³ÉáõÙ. ~ case history ÑÇí³Ý-
ϳÝ: ¹áõÃÛ³Ý å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ. (í³Õ³Å³Ù, ϳÝ-
pretext [΄pri:tekst] n å³ïñí³Ï, Ï»ÕÍ Ë³Ñ³ë) a bit ~ ÙÇ ÷áùñ í³Õ³Å³Ù. 2. ~ to
å³ï׳é³μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. on the ~ of å³ïÁñ- prep, adv ÙÇÝã¨, ݳËù³Ý, ³é³ç. ~ to going
í³Ïáí: home ݳËù³Ý ïáõÝ ·Ý³ÉÁ. ~ to his illness
prettiness [΄pritinəs] n ëÇñáõݳï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ: ÑÇí³Ý¹³Ý³Éáõó ³é³ç:
pretty [΄priti] a ·ñ³íÇã, ëÇñáõݳï»ë, ɳ- previously [΄pri:viəsli] adv ݳ˳å»ë,
íÇÏ. ~ girls ëÇñáõݳï»ë/·ñ³íÇã/ѳٳÏñ»- ݳËûñáù:
ÉÇ ³ÕçÇÏÝ»ñ. ~ ring/dress ·»Õ»óÇÏ Ù³ï³- prevision [pri΄viзn] n ϳÝ˳ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ,
ÝÇ/ѳ·áõëï. (μ³í³Ï³Ý Ù»Í, ÏÉáñÇÏ) a ~ ݳ˳ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ:
sum ÏÉáñÇÏ ·áõÙ³ñ. a ~ mess ËëÏó. μ³- pre-war [‚pri:΄wɔ:] a ݳ˳-/ÙÇÝãå³ï»-
í³Ï³Ý Ù»Í ³Ý³ËáñÅáõÃÛáõÝ. A ~ state of ñ³½ÙÛ³Ý:
affairs! ²°Û ù»½ íÇ׳Ï: prey [prei] n áñë, ³í³ñ, ½áÑ. birds of ~
pretty [΄priti] adv μ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ. That’s ~ good ·Çß³ïÇã ÃéãáõÝÝ»ñ. fall a ~ to ½áÑ ¹³éݳÉ.
¸³ μ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ É³í ¿/í³ï ã¿. ~ tired μ³- a ~ to anxiety ÷Ëμ. Ñá·ë»ñÇ ½áÑ:
í³Ï³ÝÇÝ Ñá·Ý³Í. do ~ well at exams μ³í³- prey [prei] v áñë ³Ý»É, áñë³É, μéÝ»É. ÏáÕáå-
ϳÝÇÝ Ñ³çnÕ Ñ³ÝÓÝ»É ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ. ï»É, óɳݻÉ. keep ~ing ÷Ëμ. Ñ»ï³åݹ»É:
that’s ~ much/well ѳٳñÛ³, ·ñ»Ã»: price [prais] n ·ÇÝ. high/low/moderate ~
prevail [pri΄veil] v ÇßË»É, ïÇñ»É. ·»- μ³ñÓñ/ó³Íñ/ã³÷³íáñ ·ÇÝ. cash ~ í³×³é-
ñ³Ïßé»É. Common sense ~ed àÕç³Ùïáõ- ùÇ ·ÇÝ. ceiling ~s ã³÷³½³Ýó μ³ñÓñ/
ÃÛáõÝÁ ·»ñ³Ïßé»ó. ~ over one’s enemies ѳÕ- áõé׳óñ³Í ·Ý»ñ. fixed ~s ϳÛáõÝ ·Ý»ñ. cost
Ã»É ÃßݳÙÇÝ»ñÇÝ. ~ upon smn Ù»ÏÇÝ ~ ÇÝùݳñÅ»ù. trade ~ ·áñͳñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ·ÇÝ.
ѳÙá½»É: cut ~s ·Ý»ñÝ Çç»óÝ»É. at any ~ ³Ù»Ý ·Ýáí.
prevailing [pri΄veiliŋ] a ·»ñÇßËáÕ. ï³- above/beyond ~ ³Ý·ÇÝ, ß³ï óÝϳ·ÇÝ. rise
ñ³Íí³Í: in ~ ·ÝÇ μ³ñÓñ³óáõÙ. reduce the ~ ·ÇÝÝ
prevalence [΄prevələns] n ·»ñ³ÏßéáõÃÛáõÝ£ Çç»óÝ»É/å³Ï³ë»óÝ»É/¿Å³Ý³óÝ»É. pay high
prevalent [΄prevələnt] a ·»ñ³ÏßÇé. ·»ñÇß- ~ Ù»Í/μ³ñÓñ ·ÇÝ í׳ñ»É. reduced ~s
ËáÕ. ɳÛÝ ï³ñ³Íí³Í: Çç»óí³Í ·Ý»ñ. ~ index ·Ý»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ÃÇí. ~
prevaricate [pri΄værikeit] v Ëáõë³÷»É, list ·Ý³óáõó³Ï. at the ~ of ·Ýáí. ~ control
Ï»ÕÍ»É: ·Ý»ñÇ ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ cutting ·Ý»ñÇ Çç»-
prevent [pri΄vent] v ϳÝË»É, ³é³çÝ ³éÝ»É. óáõÙ. not to be in one’s ~ range ·ñå³ÝÇÝ
˳ݷ³ñ»É, ËáãÁݹáï»É. ~ a war/catastrophe ѳñÙ³ñ ãÉÇÝ»É, Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó
ϳÝË»É å³ï»ñ³½ÙÝ»ñ/³Õ»ïÝ»ñ. ~ crime ¹áõñë ÉÇÝ»É:
ËáãÁݹáï»É/˳ݷ³ñ»É á×ÇñÇ Çñ³·áñÍ- price [prais] v ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É, ·ÇÝ Ý߳ݳϻÉ. ~
Ù³ÝÁ. The rain ~ed us ²ÝÓñ¨Á Ù»½ ˳ݷ³- goods ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñ ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É. ~ out of the
ñ»ó: market ß³ï μ³ñÓñ ·Ý»ñ, ß³ï ùã»ñÇÝ
prevention [pri΄ven∫n] n ϳÝËáõÙ, ˳Ý- Ù³ïã»ÉÇ:
·³ñáõÙ. ~ of accidents ³Ýíï³Ý·áõÃÛ³Ý priceless [΄praisləs] a ³Ý·ÇÝ, ³Ý·Ý³Ñ³ï»-
ï»ËÝÇϳ. crime ~ ѳÝó³-ϳÝËáõÙ: ÉÇ:
preventive [pri΄ventiv] n ݳ˳½·áõß³- pricey [΄praisi] a ËëÏó. óÝϳíáõÝ. a bit ~
ϳÝ, ݳ˳å³ßïå³Ý³Ï³Ý. ϳÝËÇã. ~ ÙÇ ÷áùñ óÝϳíáõÝ:
measures ݳ˳½·áõß³Ï³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ. ~ prick [prik] n ˳ÛÃ, ˳ÛÃáó, ͳÏáó.
medicine ϳÝËÇã μÅßÏáõÃÛáõÝ: (í³ñ¹Ç) ÷áõß. ~ of a needle ³ë»ÕÇ Í³Ïáó. ~
preview [΄pri:vju:] n ݳËÝ³Ï³Ý (÷³Ï) of conscious ËÕ×Ç Ë³ÛÃ:
prick-eared 639 principle

prick [prik] v ͳϻÉ, Ëáó»É, ˳ÛûÉ. ~ one’s prime [praim] n ͳÕÏáõÙ, ÷ÃÃáõÙ. in one’s
finger Ù³ïÁ ͳϻÉ. ~ a balloon ÷áõãÇÏÁ ~, in the ~ of life áõÅ»ñÇ Í³ÕÏÙ³Ý ßñç³ÝáõÙ.
ͳϻÉ. ~ out plants μáõÛë»ñ ïÝÏ»É. His con- (ëÏǽμ, ³Û·³μ³ó) the ~ of the year ÷Ëμ.
scious ~ed him ÷Ëμ. ÊÇÕ×Á Ýñ³Ý ï³ÝçáõÙ ·³ñáõÝ:
¿ñ: prime [praim] a ÑÇÙݳϳÝ, ϳñ¨áñ. the ~
prick-eared [‚prik΄iəd] a óóí³Í ³Ï³ÝçÝ»- reason ÑÇÙݳϳÝ/·É˳íáñ å³ï׳éÁ. a ~
ñáí. ëñ³Ï³Ýç (ßáõÝ): advantage ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ³é³í»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ. ~
prick-ears [‚prik΄iəz] n ëáõñ/óóí³Í ³Ï³Ýç- number Ù³Ã. ѳë³ñ³Ï/å³ñ½ ÃÇí. ~ minis-
Ý»ñ (ßáõÝ). ÷Ëμ. ³Ï³ÝçÝ»ñÁ ɳñ³Í/ëñ³Í: ter í³ñã³å»ï. (É³í³·áõÛÝ) ~ beef μ³ñÓ-
prickle [΄prikl] n 1. ÷áõß, ³ë»Õ (ϻݹ³Ýáõ). ñ³Ï³ñ· ÙÇë. a ~ example ÷³ÛÉáõÝ ûñÇݳÏ.
2. v ͳϻÉ. ͳÏáó ½·³É. ÷Ëμ. Ññ³Ññ»É, in ~ condition ·»ñ³½³Ýó íÇ׳ÏáõÙ:
·ñ·é»É: prime [praim] v ݳ˳ݻñÏ»É, å³ëï³é³-
prickly [΄prikli] a ÷ßáï, ͳÏáÕ. a ~ beard Ý»ñÏ»É. ~ walls å³ï»ñÁ ݳ˳ݻñÏ»É. ~
ͳÏáÕ ÙÇñáõù. ~ roses ÷ßáï í³ñ¹»ñ. a ~ canvas å³ëï³é³Ý»ñÏ»É. well ~d ɳí ݳ-
subject ó³íáï ѳñó/ûٳ: ˳å³ïñ³ëïí³Í. (ÉóÝ»É) ~ with drink
pride [praid] n Ñå³ñïáõÃÛáõÝ. take ~ in ËÙ»óÝ»É:
Ñå³ñï³Ý³É. hurt/injure smb’s ~ Ëáó»É/ primer [΄praimə] n ³Ûμμ»Ý³ñ³Ý, ï³ññ³-
íÇñ³íáñ»É Ù»ÏÇ Ñå³ñïáõÃÛáõÝÁ. have no Ï³Ý ¹³ë³·Çñù:
(proper) ~ (áã ÙÇ) Ñå³ñïáõÃÛáõÝ ãáõݻݳÉ. primeval [prai΄mi:vl] a ݳËݳ¹³ñÛ³Ý:
false ~ ·áéá½áõÃÛáõÝ, ëݳå³ñÍáõÃÛáõÝ. primitive [΄primətiv] a å³ñ½áõݳÏ, ѳ-
pocket one’s ~ íÇñ³íáñ³ÝùÁ ÏáõÉ ï³É. ѳÕ- ë³ñ³Ï, ݳËݳ¹³ñÛ³Ý. ÷Ëμ. å³ñ½, ѳ-
óѳñ»É/×Ýᯐ Ñå³ñïáõÃÛáõÝÁ: ë³ñ³Ï. ³ñí. åñÇÙÇïÇí. ~ tools/tribes ݳË-
pride [praid] v ~ oneself on Ñå³ñï³Ý³É. He ݳ¹³ñÛ³Ý ·áñÍÇùÝ»ñ/ó»Õ»ñ:
~s himself on his French ܳ Ñå³ñï³ÝáõÙ ¿ primordial [prai΄mɔ:diəl] a í³Õ»ÙÇ, ݳ-
Çñ ýñ³Ýë»ñ»Ýáí: ˳ëϽμݳϳÝ:
priest [pri:st] n ù³Ñ³Ý³, ùáõñÙ, ùñÙ³å»ï: primp [primp] v ׳߳Ïáí ѳ·Ýí»É:
prig [prig] n μͳËݹÇñ/Ù³Ýñ³ÏñÏÇï Ù³ñ¹. primrose [΄primrəuz] n μëμ. ·³ñݳݳͳ-
ËëÏó. ÇÝùݳ·áÑ, ÇÝùݳѳí³Ý: ÕÇÏ, ·ÇݳñμáõÏ:
priggish [΄prigi∫] a 廹³Ýï, ÇÝùݳ·áÑ£ prince [prins] n ³ñù³Û³½Ý, ³ñù³Ûáñ¹Ç.
prim [prim] a Ëëï³μ³ñá, μͳËݹÇñ. ~ and Çß˳Ý. the prince of Wales àõ»ÉëÇ Çß˳ÝÁ.
proper Ó·í³Í, ³ÝμݳϳÝ: P~ Consort ó·áõÑáõ ³ÙáõëÇÝÁ:
primacy [΄praiməsi] n ³é³çÝáõÃÛáõÝ. »Ï»Õ., princely [΄prinsli] a ³ñù³Û³Ï³Ý, ³ñù³Û³-
ÏñáÝ. ³é³çÝáñ¹³ñ³Ý: í³Û»É. Ñá۳ϳå, ßù»Õ: live in ~ style ÏïÏ.
primadonna [‚pri:mə΄dɒnə] n ûå»ñ³ÛÇ Ã³·³íáñÇ å»ë ³åñ»É. a ~ sum Ñëϳ۳-
·É˳íáñ »ñ·ãáõÑÇ: Ï³Ý ·áõÙ³ñ:
primal [΄praiml] a ݳËݳϳÝ. ÑÇÙݳϳÝ, princess [‚prin΄ses] n ³ñù³Û³¹áõëïñ. Çß-
·É˳íáñ: ˳ÝáõÑÇ. Çß˳ݳ¹áõëïñ:
primarily [΄praimrəli] adv ÑÇÙݳϳÝáõÙ, principal [΄prinsəpl] 1. n å»ï, ·É˳íáñ,
·É˳íáñ³å»ë: ï»ñ, ïÝûñ»Ý. ~ of school ¹åñáóÇ ïÝûñ»Ý.
primary [΄praiməri] n ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý (·áõÛÝ). é»Ïïáñ (ѳٳÉë³ñ³ÝÇ). the ~s óïñ.
³Ù. ùÕù. ݳËÝ³Ï³Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. ³é³ç³ï³ñ ¹»ñ³ë³ÝÝ»ñÁ. ýÇÝ. hÇÙݳ-
³ëïÕ. ÙáÉáñ³Ï. ¿É. ³é³çݳÛÇÝ Ñáë³ÝùÇ Ï³Ý Ï³åÇï³É, ÁݹѳÝáõñ ·áõÙ³ñ. 2. a
Ïá×. »ñÏñμ. ³é³çݳÛÇÝ. ~ cause ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ·É˳íáñ, ÑÇÙݳϳÝ, ³é³ç³ï³ñ:
å³ï׳éÁ. ~ meaning ëϽμÝ³Ï³Ý ÇÙ³ë- principally [΄prinsəpli] adv ·É˳íáñ³å»ë,
ïÁ. ~ concern ³é³çݳϳñ· ËݹÇñ. of ~ im- ³é³í»É³å»ë:
portance ³é³çݳѻñà ϳñ¨áñáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»- principle [΄prinsəpl] n ëϽμáõÝù. ûñ»Ýù. a
óáÕ. ~ education ï³ññ³Ï³Ý ÏñÃáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ matter of ~ ëϽμáõÝùÇ Ñ³ñó. a man of ~
school ï³ññ³Ï³Ý ¹åñáó. ~ colours ÑÇÙݳ- ëϽμáõÝù³ÛÇÝ Ù³ñ¹. on ~ ëϽμáõÝùÇó »ÉÝ»-
Ï³Ý ·áõÛÝ»ñ: Éáí. guiding ~ áõÕ»ÝÇß ëϽμáõÝù. make a ~
prink 640 privatize

ëϽμáõÝù/ûñ»Ýù ¹³ñÓÝ»É. in ~ ëϽμáõÝùá- Ù³:


ñ»Ý. the ~ of relativity ѳñ³μ»ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý prison [΄prizn] n μ³Ýï. put in ~ μ³Ýï
ûñ»Ýù. the first ~s of ÑÇÙáõÝùÝ»ñÁ: Ýëï»óÝ»É, μ³Ýï³ñÏ»É. cast into ~ μ³Ýï
prink [priŋk] v ½áõ·í»É, ½³ñ¹³ñí»É. Ý»ï»É. break ~ μ³ÝïÇó ÷³Ëã»É. ~ break
print [print] n ¹ñáßÙ, Ñ»ïù. (ïå³·ñáõÙ) be ÷³Ëáõëï μ³ÝïÇó. be in ~ μ³ÝïáõÙ ÉÇÝ»É.
in ~ ïå³·ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É. out of ~ ~ camp μ³Ýï³ñÏÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ ×³Ùμ³ñ:
ëå³éí³Í ÉÇÝ»É (·Çñù ¨ ³ÛÉÝ). (ïå³ï³é, prison-breaker [΄prizn‚breikə] n μ³ÝïÇó
ï³é) bold/small ~ Ëáßáñ/Ù³Ýñ ïå³ï³é. ÷³Ë³Í ³ÝÓ:
blue ~ Éáõë³å³ï×»Ý. ³ñí. ÷áñ³·ñ³- prisoner [΄priznə] n μ³Ýï³ñÏÛ³É. state/po-
Ýϳñ. ¿ëï³Ùå. ÉëÝÏ. Éáõë³Ýϳñ. ~ maker litical ~ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý μ³Ýï³ñÏÛ³É. take ~
ÝϳñÇã - ÷áñ³·ñáÕ, ÷áñ³·ñ³ÝϳñÇã. ·»ñ»É, ·»ñÇ í»ñóÝ»É. ~s of war å³ï»-
ÑÙÏñ·. ~ head ïåáÕ ·ÉËÇÏ. ~ needle ïåáÕ ñ³½ÙÇ ·»ñÇÝ»ñ. a ~ to one’s chair ³ÃáéÇÝ
³ë»Õ. ~ quality ïå³·ñáõÃÛ³Ý áñ³Ï. ~ ser- ·³Ùí³Í ѳßٳݹ³Ù:
ver ïå³·ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³Û³Ý/åñáó»ëáñ: privacy [΄privəsi] n Ù»ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ³é³ÝÓݳ-
print [print] v ïå»É, Ññ³ï³ñ³Ï»É. ¹ñáß- ó³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ³é³ÝÓÝáõÃÛáõÝ. in the ~ of one’s
Ù»É. ÉëÝÏ. ³ñï³ïå»É. ¹³ç»É, ¹³ç³Ý³Ë- house Çñ ï³ÝÁ. invade smb‘s ~ ³é³ÝÓÝáõ-
ß»É: ÃÛáõÝÁ ˳Ëï»É. There is no ~ in a hostel/in a
printed [΄printid] a ïå³·ñ³Ï³Ý, large family гÝñ³Ï³ó³ñ³ÝáõÙ/Ø»Í ÁÝ-
ïå³·ñí³Í. ~ cotton ãÇÃ. ~ matter ï³ÝÇùáõÙ ³é³ÝÓÝáõÃÛáõÝ ãϳ (¹Åí³ñ ¿ Çñ
ïå³·ñí³Í ÝÛáõÃ: ÏÛ³Ýùáí ³åñ»É):
printer [΄printə] n ïå³·ñÇã. ~’s ink ïå³- private [΄praivət] n (ݳ¨ ~ soldier) é½Ù.
·ñ³Ï³Ý Ý»ñÏ£ ß³ñù³ÛÇÝ ½ÇÝíáñ:
priáter plotter [΄printə΄plɔtə] ÑÙÏñ·. ·ñ³- private I [΄praivət] a ·³ÕïÝÇ, óùáõÝ. in ~
ýÇÏ³Ï³Ý ïåÇã/åñÇÝï»ñ: ·³Õïݳμ³ñ, ·³ÕïÝÇ. speak in ~ ³é³Ý-
printing [΄printiŋ] n ïå³·ñ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍ., ÓÇÝ Ëáë»É. held a meeting in ~ ÷³Ï ÅáÕáí
ïå³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ office/works ïå³ñ³Ý. ³ÝóϳóÝ»É:
(ïå³ù³Ý³Ï) a ~ of 1000 copies 1000 private II [΄praivət] a ³ÝÓݳϳÝ, Ù³ë-
ïå³ù³Ý³Ï: ݳíáñ. ~ enterprise Ù³ëݳíáñ Ó»éݳñ-
printing-press [΄printiŋpres] n ïå³·ñ³- ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ opinion ³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý Ï³ñÍÇù. ~
Ï³Ý Ù»ù»Ý³. ïå³·ñ³Ñ³ëïáó: life ³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý ÏÛ³Ýù. ~ property Ù³ëݳíáñ
print-shop [΄print∫ɒp] n ÷áñ³·ñ³ÝϳñÝ»- ë»÷³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. a strictly ~ matter ËÇëï
ñÇ Ë³ÝáõÃ: ³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍ. ~ sector Ù³ëݳíáñ
prior [΄praiə] n í³Ý³Ñ³Ûñ, ³μμ³: ѳïí³Í. a ~ secretary ³ÝÓݳϳÝ
prior [΄praiə] a ݳËݳϳÝ, ݳËáñ¹. ~ com- ù³ñïáõÕ³ñ. a ~ school Ù³ëݳíáñ ¹åñáó.
mitment ݳËÝ³Ï³Ý å³Ûٳݳíáñí³Íáõ- a ~ detective Ù³ëݳíáñ Ëáõ½³ñÏáõ. P~ and
ÃÛáõÝ. without ~ warning ³é³Ýó ݳËûñáù Confidential (ݳٳÏÇ íñ³) ³ÝÓ³Ùμ
ݳ˳½·áõß³óÙ³Ý. have ~ knowledge ݳË- ѳÝÓÝ»É. ~ international law ÙÇç³½·³ÛÇÝ
Ý³Ï³Ý ·Çï»ÉÇù áõݻݳɣ ³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý Çñ³íáõÝù. We’re not ~ here Ø»Ýù
prior [΄praiə] prep, adv ݳËù³Ý, ³é³ç. ³Ûëï»Õ Ù»Ý³Ï ã»Ýù. ~ individual Ù³ëݳíáñ
ÙÇÝã¨. ~ to the game ÙÇÝ㨠˳ÕÁ, ˳ÕÇó ³ÝÓ. a ~ viewing ÷³Ï ¹ÇïáõÙ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ cir-
³é³ç. ~ to making a decision ݳËù³Ý áñá- cuit ùáÕ³ñÏí³Í/Ù³ëݳíáñ ϳݳÉ. ~ data
ßáõÙ ÁݹáõÝ»ÉÁ: ùáÕ³ñÏí³Í/³Ýѳï³Ï³Ý ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ. ~ li-
priorit/y [prai΄ɒrəti] n ³é³çÝáõÃÛáõÝ. brary ÃáÕ³ñÏí³Í/³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý ·ñ³¹³ñ³Ý.
³é³çݳѻñÃáõÃÛáõÝ, Ñ»ñóϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ. in ~ type ùáÕ³ñÏí³Í ïÇå:
order of ~ Ñ»ñóϳÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ. ~ies right privately [΄praivətli] adv ³ÝÓݳå»ë, Ù³ë-
Ñ»ñóϳÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³ñ·Á. give top ~ ³é³ç- ݳíáñ Ó¨áí. speak ~ ·³Õïݳμ³ñ Ëáë»É.
ݳѻñÃáõÃÛáõÝÁ ï³É. publish a book ~ Çñ ѳßíÇÝ ·Çñù Ññ³-
priory [΄praiəri] n ٻݳëï³Ý: ï³ñ³Ï»É:
prism [΄priz(ə)m] n ѳïí³Í³ÏáÕÙ, åñǽ- privation [prai΄vei∫n] n ½ñϳÝù, ϳñÇù:
privilege 641 proceeding

privatize [΄praivətaiz] v ë»÷³Ï³Ý³ßÝáñ- on ~ ÷áñÓ³ßñç³ÝáõÙ. be put on ~ Çñ³í.


Ñ»É, Ù³ëݳíáñ»óÝ»É: ÷áñÓ³ßñç³ÝÇ Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É (å³ÛٳݳϳÝ
privilege [΄privəlidз] n ³ñïáÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ³é³- ¹³ïí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ):
í»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ. diplomatic ~ ¹Çí³Ý³·Çï³Ï³Ý probationary [prə΄bei∫nəri] a ÷áñÓݳϳÝ:
³ñïáÝáõÃÛáõÝ. It is my ~ to ä³ïÇí áõÝ»Ù: probationer [prə΄bei∫nə] n ÷áñÓݳÏ,
privileged [΄privəlidзd] a ³ñïáÝÛ³É. ~ in- ÷áñÓÝ³Ï³Ý ßñç³Ý ³ÝóÝáÕ Ù³ñ¹:
formaton Çñ³í. ¹³ï³ñ³ÝáõÙ Ññ³å³- probe [prəub] 1. n ½áݹ. μÅßÏ. Ñ»ï³-
ñ³ÏÙ³Ý áã »Ýóϳ ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. ½áïáõÙ. a space ~ ïÇ»½»ñ³Ï³Ý ѻﳽá-
ÑÙÏñ·. ~ instruction ³ñïáÝÛ³É Ññ³- ï³Ï³Ý ÑñÃÇé. 2. v ½áݹ»É, ½áݹáí Ñ»-
ѳݷ/Ññ³Ñ³Ý·³íáñáõÙ. ~ user ³ñïáÝÛ³É ï³½áï»É. ~ into the matter ³í»ÉÇ Ëáñ
û·ï³·áñÍáÕ. ~ violation ³ñïáÝáõÃÛáõÝ- áõëáõÙݳëÇñ»É ѳñóÁ:
Ý»ñÇ Ë³ËïáõÙ: problem [΄prɒbləm] n ËݹÇñ, ѳñó, åñáμ-
privy [΄privi] a ËëÏó. ·³ÕïÝÇ. Ù³ëݳíáñ. ɻ٠(ݳ¨ Ù³Ã.). the housing ~ μݳϳñ³Ý³-
³é³ÝÓݳó³Í. be ~ to Ù³ëݳÏÇó ÉÇÝ»É: ÛÇÝ Ñ³ñó. face a ~ ËݹñÇ ³é³ç ϳݷݻÉ.
prize [praiz] n Ùñó³Ý³Ï, ¹ñ³Ù³Ï³Ý å³ñ- solve a ~ ËݹÇñ ÉáõÍ»É. ~ children ¹Åí³ñ
»ñ»Ë³Ý»ñ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ oriented language ¹»åÇ
·¨. first ~ ³é³çÇÝ Ùñó³Ý³Ï. a Nobel ~
ïÇñáõÛÃÁ ÏáÕÙÝáñáßí³Í É»½áõ. ~ program-
Üáμ»ÉÛ³Ý Ùñó³Ý³Ï. the ~ of life ÏÛ³ÝùÇ
mer ÏÇñ³é³Ï³Ý Íñ³·ñáñ¹. ~ reformulation
μ³ñÇùÝ»ñÁ. a ~ horse é»Ïáñ¹³ÏÇñ ÓÇ. a ~
ËݹñÇ í»ñ³Ó¨³Ï»ñåáõÙ:
idiot ËëÏó. ϳï³ñÛ³É/³ÝÑáõë³ÉÇ ÑÇÙ³ñ.
~ fighter åñáý»ëÇáݳÉ/Ù³ëݳ·»ï ÁÙμß³-
problematic(al) [‚prɒblə΄mætik(l)] a ¹»é
ãÉáõÍí³Í, íÇ×»ÉÇ. ùÇã ѳí³Ý³Ï³Ý:
Ù³ñïÇÏ. ~ winner Ùñó³Ý³Ï³ÏÇñ, ¹³÷Ý»-
ÏÇñ£
procedure [prəu΄si:dзə] n ÁÝóó³Ï³ñ·,
·áñÍÇ ÁÝóóù. ·áñͻɳϻñå, í³ñù³·ÇÍ:
prize [΄praiz] v ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É, μ³ñÓñ ·Ý³Ñ³- legal/the usual ~ Çñ³Ï³Ý/ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý ÁÝ-
ï»É:
óó³Ï³ñ·. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ body åñáó»¹áõ-
pro [prəu] n Ùñ½., ËëÏó. Ù³ëݳ·»ï, åñá- ñ³ÛÇ/·áñÍÁÝóóÇ Ù³ñÙÇÝ. ~ call åñáó»-
ý»ëÇáݳɣ
¹áõñ³ÛÇ ³ÏïÇí³óáõÙ, ¹ÇÙáõÙ »ÝóÍñ³·-
pro [΄prəu] pref ÏáÕÙݳÏÇó, ߳ѻñÇ ñÇÝ. ~ declaration åñáó»¹áõñ³ÛÇ Ýϳñ³·-
å³ßïå³Ý, ÏáÕÙ. ~s and cons ÏáÕÙ ¨ ¹»Ù
ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ header åñáó»¹áõñ³ÛÇ í»ñݳ-
Ó³ÛÝ»ñÁ. (÷á˳ñÇÝáÕ, ï»Õ³Ï³É) ~-rector ·Çñ. ~ invocation ¹ÇÙáõÙ »ÝóÍñ³·ñÇÝ:
åñáé»Ïïáñ£ proceed [prə΄si:d] v ß³ñáõݳϻÉ. í»ñëÏë»É,
pro [prəu] prep ÏáÕÙ (ÏáÕÙݳÏÇó ÇÙ³ëïáí). ëÏë»É. ~ on one’s way/with one’s work ß³-
~ the Common Market ÁݹѳÝáõñ ßáõϳÛÇ ñáõÝ³Ï»É ×³Ý³å³ñÑÁ/³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ. The
ÏáÕÙݳÏÇó. ~ going ·Ý³Éáõ ÏáÕÙݳÏÇó: traffic ~ed slowly Ø»ù»Ý³Ý»ñÁ ¹³Ý¹³Õ ¿ÇÝ
probability [‚prɒbə΄biləti] n ѳí³Ý³Ï³- ß³ñÅíáõÙ. ~ to ³ÝóÝ»É (Ù»Ï ³ÛÉ μ³ÝÇ/ï»Õ).
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. in all ~ ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝ Ñ³í³Ý³Ï³Ýáõ- ~ further ³é³ç³Ý³É. (ÁÝóݳÉ) ~ according
ÃÛ³Ùμ. The ~ is that ... ÈÇáíÇÝ Ñ³í³Ý³Ï³Ý to ÁÝÃ³Ý³É Áëï/ѳٳӳÛÝ. ~ to explain
¿, áñ... balance of ~ Çñ³í. ѳí³Ý³Ï³- ëÏë»É μ³ó³ïñ»É. How should we ~? ÆÝã-
ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ÏßÇé: å»±ë í³ñí»É. Çñ³í. ~ against ·áñÍ Ñ³-
probable [΄prɒbəbl] a ѳí³Ý³Ï³Ý, Ñݳ- ñáõó»É (Áݹ¹»Ù):
ñ³íáñ, »Ýó¹ñ»ÉÇ. the ~ outcome ѳí³Ý³- proceeding [prə΄si:diŋ] n ³ñ³ñù, í³ñ-
Ï³Ý »ÉùÁ. it seems ~ ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝ Ñ³í³Ý³Ï³- ÙáõÝù. ù³ÛÉ. a strange ~ ï³ñûñÇÝ³Ï ³-
ÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ: ñ³ñù. a rather doubtful ~ μ³í³Ï³Ý ϳë-
probably [΄prɒbəbli] adv ѳí³Ý³μ³ñ: ϳͻÉÇ ·áñÍ. ~s ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ, Çñ³-
probate [΄prəubeit] n Ïï³ÏÇ å³ßïáÝ³Ï³Ý ¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. take no part in ~s Çñ³-
í³í»ñ³óáõÙ: ¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ ãÙ³ëݳÏó»É. P~s began
probation [prə΄bei∫n] n ÷áñÓÝ³Ï³Ý Å³Ù- at 3 oclock ÄáÕáíÁ ëÏëí»ó ųÙÇ »ñ»ùÇÝ.
Ï»ï, ëï³Å³íáñáõÙ. He’s still on ~ Üñ³ legal ~s Çñ³í. ¹³ï³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. take/drop
÷áñÓÝ³Ï³Ý Å³ÙÏ»ïÁ ¹»é ãÇ ³í³ñïí»É. legal ~ ¹³ï³Ï³Ý ·áñÍ Ñ³ñáõó»É/ϳñ×»É.
proceeds 642 profane

divorce ~ ³ÙáõëݳÉáõÍáõÃÛ³Ý ·áñÍ: prodigy [΄prɒdədзi] n Ññ³ßù, ëù³Ýã»ÉÇù,


proceeds [΄prəusi:dz] n ѳëáõÛÃ, ß³Ñ, ½³ñÙ³Ýù. ßÝáñѳÉÇ/ï³Õ³Ý¹³íáñ Ù³ñ¹.
»Ï³Ùáõï: an infant/child ~ Ññ³ßù »ñ»Ë³, íáõݹ»ñ-
process [΄prəuses] n ÁÝóóù. ·áñÍÁÝóó. ÏÇݹ:
åñáó»ë. in the ~ of ÁÝóóùáõÙ. due ~ of law produce [΄prɒdju:s] n ³ñï³¹ñ³Ýù,
Çñ³í. å³ïß³× Çñ³í³Ï³Ý ÁÝóó³Ï³ñ·: ³ñ¹ÛáõÝù, μ»ñù:
process [΄prəuses] v Ù߳ϻÉ. ~ leather/infor- produce [prə΄dju:s] v ³ñï³¹ñ»É, å³ï-
mation/film Ùß³Ï»É Ï³ßÇÝ/ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõ- ñ³ëï»É. The factory ~s paper ü³μñÇϳÝ
ÃÛáõÝÁ/ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ. ųå³í»ÝÁ »ñ¨³- ÃáõÕà ¿ ³ñï³¹ñáõÙ. (³é³ç³óÝ»É) ~ re-
Ï»É: sults/sparks ³ñ¹ÛáõÝù ï³É. ϳÛÍ»ñ ³é³-
processed [΄prəusest] a Ùß³Ïí³Í, í»ñ³- ç³óÝ»É. (Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É) ~ one’s passport/a
Ùß³Ïí³Í: proof ³ÝÓݳ·Çñ/³å³óáõÛó Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É.
procession [prə΄se∫n] n ó÷áñ. »ñÃ, ßù»ñÃ. ~ a pen from the pocket ·ñå³ÝÇó ·ñÇã
walk in the ~ »ñÃáí/ßù»ñÃáí ù³ÛÉ»É. torch- ѳݻÉ. ~ a play óïñ. Ý»ñϳ۳óáõÙ μ»-
light ~ ç³Ñ»ñáí »ñÃ. funeral ~ óÕÙ³Ý Ã³- Ù³¹ñ»É:
÷áñ: producer [prə΄dju:sə] n ³ñï³¹ñáÕ. ï»Ë.
processor [΄prəusesə] n ÑÙÏñ·. Ññ³Ñ³Ý· ·»Ý»ñ³ïáñ. óïñ., ÏÇÝá. é»ÅÇëáñ, μ»-
ϳï³ñáÕ ë³ñù. ~ active task ÁÝóóÇÏ Ù³¹ñáÕ. åñá¹Ûáõë»ñ:
ËݹÇñ, ³é³ç³¹ñ³Ýù. ~ bound task ѳß- producible [prə΄dju:səbl] a ³ñï³¹ñ»ÉÇ:
í³ñϳÛÇÝ ËݹÇñ, ³é³ç³¹ñ³Ýù. ~ defined product [΄prɒdΛkt] n ³ñï³¹ñ³Ýù, ³å-
function ¹»åÇ Ù»ù»Ý³Ý ÏáÕÙÝáñáßí³Í ñ³Ýù. Gross National P~ GNP ѳٳ˳éÝ
ýáõÝÏódz. ~ interrupt åñáó»ëáñÇ Áݹѳ- ³½·³ÛÇÝ ³ñï³¹ñ³Ýù. food ~s Ùûñù. dairy
ïáõÙ. ~ time ѳßí³ñÏÇ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï: ~s ϳÃݳÙûñù. the finished ~ å³ïñ³ëïÇ
proclaim [prə΄kleim] v ѳÛï³ñ³ñ»É, Ñéã³- ³ñï³¹ñ³Ýù. ~ liability Çñ³í. ³åñ³Ý-
Ï»É. ~ king ó·³íáñ Ñéã³Ï»É. ~ a republic ù³ÛÇÝ å³ï³ë˳ݳïíáõÃÛáõÝ:
ѳÝñ³å»ïáõÃÛáõÝ Ñéã³Ï»É. ~ a holiday production [prə΄dΛk∫n] n ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ.
ïáÝ Ñ³Ûï³ñ³ñ»É: ³ñï³¹ñ³Ýù, ³åñ³Ýù. »ñÏ, ·áñÍ. car ~
proclamation [‚prɒklə΄mei∫n] ѳÛï³ñ³- Ù»ù»Ý³Ý»ñÇ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. mass ~
ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ³½¹³ñ³ñáõÙ: ½³Ý·í³Í³ÛÇÝ ³ñï³¹ñ³Ýù. full ~ ÉñÇí
proclivity [prəu΄klivəti] n ѳÏáõÙ, ѳÏ- ѽáñáõÃÛ³Ùμ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ licence
í³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ϳÝ˳ïñ³Ù³¹ñí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ: ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÃáõÛÉïíáõÃÛáõÝ the annual ~
procrastinate [prəu΄kræstineit] v Ó·Ó·»É, ï³ñ»Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³Ýù. ~ costs ³ñï³¹-
¹³Ý¹³Õ»É. Ñ»ï³Ó·»É: ñ³Ï³Ý ͳËë»ñ. ~ line ѳñ³Ñáëù. (Ý»ñϳ-
procreate [΄prəukrieit] v ÍÝ»É, ÍÝáõݹ ï³É: Û³óÝ»ÉÁ) the ~ of new evidence Ýáñ ³å³-
procreation [‚prəukri΄ei∫n] n ÍÝáõݹ, óáõÛó Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»ÉÁ. ~ of one’s pass ³Ýó³-
åïáõÕ. ÍÝáõݹ ï³ÉÁ: ÃÕÃÇ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõÙ. óïñ., ÏÇÝá μ»Ù³¹-
procure [prə΄kjuə] v ѳÛóÛûÉ, ·ïÝ»É, ñáõÙ:
Ó»éù μ»ñ»É: productive [prə΄dΛktiv] a ³ñï³¹ñáÕ³-
prod [prɒd] n ѳñí³Í, ½³ñÏ. a ~ with a bay- ϳÝ, ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï. É»½í. ·áñÍáõÝ, ϻݹ³-
onet ëíÇÝÇ Ñ³ñí³Í£ ÝÇ. (ÑáÕ) åïÕ³μ»ñ, μ»ÕáõÝ, ³ñ·³í³Ý¹.
prod [prɒd] v Ë÷»É. ~ smb in the ribs ÏáÕ»ñÇÝ ÷Ëμ. ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï. The meeting was very ~
Ë÷»É. ~ at the rubbish with a stick ÷³Ûïáí гݹÇåáõÙÁ ß³ï ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï ¿ñ:
³ÕμÁ ˳éÝ»É: productivity [‚prɒdΛk΄tivəti] n ³ñï³¹ñá-
prodigal [΄prɒdigl] n ßé³ÛÉ, í³ïÝáÕ. ճϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ïáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ of
³é³ï, ѳñáõëï. the ~ son ³Ý³é³Ï áñ¹ÇÝ: labour ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ ³ñï³¹ñáճϳÝáõ-
prodigality [‚prɒdi΄gæləti] n ßé³ÛÉáõÃÛáõÝ, ÃÛáõÝ:
½»ËáõÃÛáõÝ. ³é³ïáõÃÛáõÝ: profanation [‚prɒfə΄nei∫n] n ³å³Ï³ÝáõÙ,
prodigious [prə΄didзəs] a ½³ñٳݳÉÇ, ˻ճÃÛáõñáõÙ, ·é»ÑϳóáõÙ:
³åß»óáõóÇã. íÇÃ˳ñÇ, Ñëϳ۳ϳÝ: profane [prə΄fein] v åÕÍ»É. ˻ճÃÛáõñ»É,
profane 643 program(me)

³å³Ï³Ý»É: »Ï³Ùáõï. ~ and loss ß³ÑáõÛà ¨ Ïáñáõëï. loss


profane [prə΄fein] a åÇÕÍ, ³Ýûñ»Ý. of ~ ß³ÑáõÛÃÇ Ïáñáõëï. split the ~ ß³-
³Ýí³Û»É, ³Ýå³ñÏ»ßï: ÑáõÛÃÁ/»Ï³ÙáõïÁ ÏÇë»É (ß³Ñ, û·áõï). sell
profess [prə΄fes] v (μ³ó³Ñ³Ûï Ï»ñåáí) at a ~ ß³ÑáõÛÃáí í³×³é»É. to one’s ~ Ù»ÏÇ
ѳÛï³ñ³ñ»É, ÁݹáõÝ»É. ³ñï³Ñ³Ûï»É, û·ïÇÝ. ~ margins ß³ÑáõÛÃÇ/»Ï³ÙïÇ ã³÷-
óáõó³μ»ñ»É. ~ an interest Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝ ëÁ:
óáõó³μ»ñ»É. (Ó¨³Ý³É, Ó¨³óÝ»É) ~ to know profit [΄prɒfit] v û·áõï ëï³Ý³É/μ»ñ»É/ù³-
nothing Ó¨³óÝ»É, áñ áãÇÝã ã·Çï»ë. Õ»É. ~ from a book ·ñùÇó û·áõï ù³Õ»É. ~
(ѳí³ÏÝ»É) I don’t ~ to be an expert ºë ã»Ù from the change of air û¹³÷áËáõÃÛáõÝÇó
ѳí³ÏÝáõÙ, áñ Ù³ëݳ·»ï »Ù. (¹³í³Ý»É) û·áõï ëï³Ý³É. What will it ~ me? ºë
~ a faith áñ¨¿ ÏñáÝ ¹³í³Ý»É: ¹ñ³ÝÇó DZÝã û·áõï áõÝ»Ù:
professed [prə΄fest] a be a ~ liberal ѳÛïÝÇ profitable [΄prɒfitəbl] a ߳ѳí»ï,
ÉÇÝ»É Çñ ÉÇμ»ñ³É ѳ۳óùÝ»ñáí. ~ liberalism »Ï³Ùï³μ»ñ, Ó»éÝïáõ. ÷Ëμ. û·ï³Ï³ñ:
óáõó³¹ñ³Ï³Ý ÉÇμ»ñ³ÉǽÙ: profiteer [‚prɒfi΄tiə] n ã³ñ³ß³Ñáñ¹, ëå»-
profession [prə΄fe∫n] n Ù³ëݳ·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ, ÏáõÉÛ³Ýï. war ~s å³ï»ñ³½ÙÇ ã³ñ³-
½μ³ÕÙáõÝù. legal/medical ~ Çñ³í³μ³ÝÇ/ ß³Ñáñ¹Ý»ñ:
μÅßÏÇ Ù³ëݳ·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ. the ~ ¹»ñ³ë³Ý- profligacy [΄prɒfligəsi] n ³Ýμ³ñá۳ϳ-
Ý»ñ. (Ëáëïáí³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ) ~ of friend- ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ý³é³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
ship/love/faith ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý/ëÇñá/¹³í³Ý³Ý- profligate [΄prɒfligət] a ³Ýμ³ñá۳ϳÝ,
ùÇ Ñ³í³ëïdzóáõÙ/Ëáëïáí³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: ³Ý³é³Ï:
professional [prə΄fe∫nəl] n Ù³ëݳ·»ï, profound [prə΄faund] a Ëáñ, ËáñÇÙ³ëï.
³ñÑ»ëï³í³ñÅ, ³ñÑ»ëï³·»ï. åñáý»- ˻ɳóÇ, Ñ»é³ï»ë. a ~ thinker/thought ËáñÁ
ëÇáݳÉ. a ~ performance μ³ñÓñ³ñí»ëï Ùï³ÍáÕ, ËáñÇÙ³ëï ÙÇïù. (Édzϳï³ñ,
Ý»ñϳ۳óáõÙ. seek ~ advice ¹ÇÙ»É Ù³ë- ÉñÇí, μ³ó³ñÓ³Ï) ~ ignorance μ³ó³ñÓ³Ï
ݳ·»ïÇÝ ËáñÑñ¹Ç ѳٳñ. a ~ foot- ï·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ. with ~ regret ËáñÁ ÏëÏÇÍáí:
baller/writer Ù³ëݳ·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ùμ ýáõïμá- profundity [prə΄fΛndəti] n ËáñáõÃÛáõÝ.
ÉÇëï.åñáý»ëÇáÝ³É ·ñáÕ. ~ people, the ~ ³Ý¹áõݹ, íÇÑ:
classes Ùï³íáñ³Ï³ÝÝ»ñ. turn ~ Ùñ½. åñá- profuse [prə΄fju:s] a ³é³ï, ѳñáõëï. ³é³-
ý»ëÇáݳÉ/Ù³ëݳ·»ï ¹³éݳÉ: ï³Ó»éÝ. a ~ growth ³é³ï μáõë³Ï³Ýáõ-
professor [prə΄fesə] n (Ïñ×. prof-Çó) ÃÛáõÝ. ~ apologies/praise ã³÷Çó ¹áõñë
åñáý»ëáñ, ¹³ë³Ëáë. áõëáõóã³å»ï. ~ of Ý»ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. ·áí³ë³Ýù:
history å³ïÙáõÃÛ³Ý ¹³ë³Ëáë: profusely [prə΄fju:sli] adv ³é³ïáñ»Ý,
professorial [‚prɒfe΄sɔ:riəl] a åñáý»ëá- ÉÇáõÉÇ. ã³÷³½³Ýó:
ñ³Ï³Ý: profusion [prə΄fju:зn] n ³é³ïáõÃÛáõÝ, ÉÇáõ-
professorship [prə΄fesə∫ip] n åñáý»ëáñáõ- ÃÛáõÝ. ßé³ÛÉáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÃÛáõÝ. åñáý»ëáñÇ ÏáãáõÙ ¨ å³ßïáÝ: progeny [΄prɒdзəni] n ë»ñáõݹ, ųé³Ý·.
proffer [΄prɒfə] n, v ³é³ç³ñÏ, ³é³ç³ñÏ»É. ÷Ëμ. Ñ»ïÝáñ¹Ý»ñ, ³ß³Ï»ñïÝ»ñ. She came
~ help û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ³é³ç³ñÏ»É: with all her ~ ËëÏó., ÏïÏ. ܳ »Ï»É ¿ñ Çñ
proficiency [prə΄fi∫nsi] n ÷áñÓ³éáõÃÛáõÝ, μáÉáñ ųé³Ý·Ý»ñáí ѳݹ»ñÓ:
ÑÙïáõÃÛáõÝ: prognosis [prɒg΄nəusis] n ݳ˳·áõß³ÏáõÙ,
proficient [prə΄fi∫nt] n ÑÙáõï, ÷áñÓ³éáõ, ݳ˳ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ£
·Çï³Ï. a ~ carpenter/typist ÑÙáõï ³ï³ÕÓ³- prognostic [prɒg΄nɒstik] n ݳ˳Ýß³Ý,
·áñÍ/ÑÛáõëÝ. ÷áñÓ³éáõ Ù»ù»Ý³·ñáõÑÇ. be ϳÝ˳Ýß³Ý:
~ in French ýñ³Ýë»ñ»ÝÇ ·Çï³Ï ÉÇÝ»É: prognostication [prɒg‚nɒsti΄kei∫n] n ݳ-
profile [΄prəufail] n ÏÇë³¹»Ù, åñáýÇÉ. ˳ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ, ݳ˳·áõß³ÏáõÙ: My ~ is
(³é³ñϳÛÇ) áõñí³·ÇÍ, »½ñ³·ÇÍ. a fine ~ that he will soon recover ºë ϳÝ˳ï»ëáõÙ
Ýáõñμ ÏÇë³¹»Ù/áõñí³·ÇÍ: »Ù, áñ ݳ ßáõïáí ϳéáÕç³Ý³:
profit [΄prɒfit] n »Ï³Ùáõï, ѳëáõÛÃ, ß³- program(me) [΄prəugræm] 1. n Íñ³·Çñ.
ÑáõÛÃ. gross/net ~ ѳٳ˳éÝ/½áõï, Ù³ùáõñ radio/TV ~ é³¹Çá/Ñ»éáõëï³ï»ë³ÛÇÝ Ñ³-
programme 644 prominency

Õáñ¹áõÙ. study ~ áõëáõÙÝ³Ï³Ý Íñ³·Çñ. an »Ý/ϳï³Õ³Í »Ý:


item on the ~ (ѳٻñ·³ÛÇÝ ) Íñ³·ñÇ Ñ³- project [΄prɒdзekt] n ݳ˳·ÇÍ, Íñ³·Çñ.
Ù³ñ: What’s our ~ for today? ²Ûëûñ DZÝã Íñ³- ³é³ç³ñÏ. start a ~ ݳ˳·ÇÍ Ý»ñϳ۳ó-
·Çñ áõÝ»ù. 2. a Íñ³·ñÇ, Íñ³·ñ³ÛÇÝ. Ý»É. ³é³ç³ñÏ ÙïóÝ»É. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ software
ÑÙÏñ·. ~ body Íñ³·ñÇ Ù³ñÙÇÝ/ϳï³ñíáÕ Õ»Ï³í³ñáÕ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç Íñ³·ñ³ÛÇÝ
Ù³ëÁ. ~ breakpoint ëïáõ·Çã Ï»ï. ~ checkout ³å³ÑáíáõÙ:
Íñ³·ñÇ Ï³ñ·³μ»ñáõÙ/í»ñ³Ý³ÛáõÙ. ~ de- project [prə΄dзekt] v ݳ˳·Í»É, Íñ³·ñ»É.
sign Íñ³·ñÇ Ý³Ë³·ÍáõÙ. ~ development ³ñӳϻÉ, ·ó»É (ÉáõÛë, ׳ݳå³ñÑ). ¹áõñë
Íñ³·ñÇ Ùß³ÏáõÙ. ~ driven Íñ³·ñ³ÛÇÝ Õ»- óóí»É, ϳñϳéí»É. The balkony ~s over the
ϳí³ñáõÙáí. ~ maintenance Íñ³·ñ»ñÇ ³ß- street ä³ïß·³ÙμÁ ϳñϳéí»É ¿ ÷áÕáóÇ
˳ïáõݳÏáõÃÛ³Ý ³å³ÑáíáõÙ. ~ specifica- íñ³. ~ light ÉáõÛë ³ñӳϻÉ, ë÷é»É:
tion Íñ³·ñ»ñÇ ëå»óÇýÇϳódz/Ýϳñ³- projectile [prəu΄dзektail] n ³ñÏ, éáõÙμ,
·ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ verification Íñ³·ñ»ñÇ ×ßïáõ- ·Ý¹³Ï:
ÃÛ³Ý ³å³óáõÛó: projection [prə΄dзek∫n] n ݳ˳·ÍáõÙ,
programme [΄prəugræm] v Íñ³·ñ»É, ݳ˳·ÇÍ. (ÏÇÝá) åñáÛ»Ïódz. »Éáõëï,
Íñ³·ñ³íáñ»É. The meeting is ~d for tomor- ¹áõñë óóí³Í Ù³ë:
row гݹÇåáõÙÁ í³ÕÝ ¿ Íñ³·ñí³Í: projector [prə΄dзektə] n ݳ˳·ÇÍ Ï³½ÙáÕ,
programmer [΄prəugræmə] n Íñ³·ñ³íá- ݳ˳·ÍáÕ Ù³ëݳ·»ï. åñáÛ»ÏóÇáÝ É³å-
ñáÕ. computer ~ ѳٳϳñ·ãÇ Íñ³·ñ³íá- ï»ñ. Éáõë³ñÓ³Ï:
ñáÕ: proletarian [‚prəulə΄teəriən] n åñáÉ»ï³ñ,
progress [΄prəugres] n ³é³ç³¹ÇÙáõÃÛáõÝ, åñáÉ»ï³ñ³Ï³Ý:
³é³çÁÝóó. ½³ñ·³óáõÙ. the ~ of science proliferate [prəu΄lifəreit] v μ³½Ù³Ý³É,
·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý ½³ñ·³óáõÙÁ/³é³çÁÝóóÁ. be ï³ñ³Íí»É:
in the ~ ÁÝóóùÇ Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É, ½³ñ·³Ý³É. The proliferation [prəu‚lifə΄rei∫n] n μ³½Ù³-
match/exam is in ~ ʳÕÁ/øÝÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ï»ÕÇ óáõÙ, ï³ñ³ÍáõÙ. the ~ of nuclear weapons
¿ áõÝ»ÝáõÙ/ÁÝóóùÇ Ù»ç ¿, Negotiations are ÙÇçáõϳÛÇÝ ½»ÝùÇ ï³ñ³ÍáõÙ:
in ~ ´³Ý³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ »Ý ï³ñíáõÙ. make prolific [prəu΄lifik] a åïÕ³μ»ñ, ³ñ·³-
~ ³é³ç³¹ÇÙ»É. The patient is ~ing ÐÇí³Ý¹Á í³Ý¹, μ»ÕÙݳíáñ:
ɳí³ÝáõÙ ¿: prolix [΄prəuliks] a μ³½Ù³Ëáë, ß³ï³Ëáë.
progression [prəu΄gre∫n] n ³é³ç˳ճ- Ó³ÝÓñ³ÉÇ, Ó·Ó·í³Í:
óáõÙ, ³é³çÁÝóó. Ù³Ã. åñá·ñ»ëdz. arith- prologue [΄prəulɒg] n ݳ˳μ³Ý, ݳ˻ñ-
metic(al)/geometric(al) ~ Ãí³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý/ »ñÏ- ·³Ýù:
ñ³ã³÷³Ï³Ý åñá·ñ»ëdz: prolong [prəu΄lɒŋ] v »ñϳñ³óÝ»É, »ñϳñ³-
progressive [prəu΄gresiv] a ³é³ç³¹ÇÙ³- Ó·»É. »ñϳñ³ï¨ ¹³ñÓÝ»É. ~ a line/a visit
ϳÝ. ³ëïÇ׳ݳμ³ñ ³×áÕ/ áõŻճóáÕ. ~ ·ÇÍÁ »ñϳñ³óÝ»É. ³Ûó»ÉáõÃÛáõÝÁ »ñϳñ³-
taxation åñá·ñ»ëÇí ѳñÏáõÙ: Ó·»É. ~ the agony ËëÏó. ï³Ýç³ÝùÁ »ñ-
progressively [prəu΄gresivli] adv ³é³çÁÝ- ϳñ³Ó·»É:
óóáñ»Ý. ³Ýß»Õáñ»Ý, ³ÝÁݹѳï. The si- prolongation [‚prəulɒŋ΄gei∫n] n »ñϳñ³-
tuation got ~ worse ìÇ׳ÏÁ ù³ÝÇ ·ÝáõÙ óáõÙ, »ñϳñ³Ó·áõÙ. ï³ñÏ»ïáõÙ:
³ÛÝù³Ý í³ï³ÝáõÙ ¿ñ: prolonged [prəu΄lɒŋd] a »ñϳñ³ï¨,
prohibit [prəu΄hibit] v ³ñ·»É»É, ÃáõÛÉ ãï³É. Ó·Ó·í³Í. ~ applause »ñϳñ³ï¨ ͳ÷³Ñ³-
be ~ed ³ñ·»Éí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. Smoking is ~ed ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ:
ÌË»ÉÝ ³ñ·»ÉíáõÙ ¿: promenade [‚prɒmə΄na:d]1. n ½μáë³Ýù,
prohibition [‚prəui΄bi∫n] n ³ñ·»Éù, ³ñ- åïáõÛï. ͳéáõÕÇ. Íáí³÷ÝÛ³/ ·»ï³÷ÝÛ³
·»ÉáõÙ. P~ ³Ù. á·»ÉÇó ËÙÇãùÝ»ñÇ ³ñ·»ÉáõÙ ÷áÕáó. ËëÏó. å³ñ³Ñ³Ý¹»ë a high school ~
²ØÜ áõÙ: ¹åñáó³Ï³Ý å³ñ³Ñ³Ý¹»ë. 2. v ½μáëÝ»É,
prohibitive [prəu΄hibitiv] a ³ñ·»É³Ï³Ý, Ù³Ý ·³É:
³ñ·»ÉÇã. ³ñ·»ÉáÕ. ³ñ·»Éù ѳݹdzóáÕ. prominence [΄prɒminəns] n óóí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ,
Prices are ~ ËëÏó. ¶Ý»ñÁ ³Ýѳë³Ý»ÉÇ ³ÝѳñÃáõÃÛáõÝ. ³ãùÇ ÁÝÏÝáÕ ¹Çñù:
prominent 645 pronouncement

prominency [΄prɒminənsi] n ³ãùÇ ÁÝÏÝáÕ prompt [prɒmpt] a ³ñ³·, ßï³å. a ~ reply


¹Çñù. ³Ï³Ý³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ: ³ÝÙÇç³Ï³Ý å³ï³ë˳Ý. The service is
prominent [΄prɒminənt] a ³ãùÇ ÁÝÏÝáÕ, very ~ Þ³ï ³ñ³· »Ý ëå³ë³ñÏáõÙ.
³Ï³Ý³íáñ. Ý߳ݳíáñ, ѳÛïÝÇ. a ~ posi- prompt [prɒmpt] adv ×Çßï, ×ß·ñÇï. at 9
tion ³ãùÇ ÁÝÏÝáÕ ï»Õ/¹Çñù/å³ßïáÝ. a ~ o’clock ~ ×Çßï ųÙÇ ÇÝÝÇÝ:
scientist ³Ï³Ý³íáñ ·ÇïݳϳÝ. (óóí³Í, prompt [prɒmpt] v ·ñ·é»É, Ññ³Ññ»É. ÙÕ»É.
¹áõñë åñͳÍ) ~ teeth/cheekbones ¹áõñë ¹åñ., óïñ. Ñáõß»É, Ñáõß³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ
åñͳÍ, óóí³Í ³ï³ÙÝ»ñ/³ÛïáëÏñÝ»ñ: ³Ý»É. ~ the feeling/thought ½·³óáõÙ/ÙÇïù
promiscuity [‚prɒmi΄skju:əti] n ï³ñ³ï»- Ñáõß»É. ~ box Ñáõß³ñ³ñÇ ËóÇÏ:
ë³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ûɳ½³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ˳éݳ- prompter [΄prɒmptə] n óïñ. Ñáõß³ñ³ñ:
ß÷áÃáõÃÛáõÝ: prompting [΄prɒmptiŋ] n ÑáõßáõÙ. ¹ñ¹áõÙ,
promiscuous [prə΄miskjuəs] a ë³ÝÓ³ñ- ÙÕáõÙ. at his ~ Ýñ³ Ñáõß»Éáí. No ~ ! à°ã ÙÇ
Ó³Ï, ³Ýϳñ·. ³ÝËïñ³Ï³Ý (ë»é³Ï³Ý ÑáõßáõÙ. without any ~ ³é³Ýó Ñáõß»Éáõ. the
ѳñó»ñáõÙ): ~s of conscious ËÕ×Ç Ó³ÛÝÁ:
promise [΄prɒmis] n ËáëïáõÙ. give /make a ~ promptly [΄prɒmptli] adv ³ñ³·, ³ÝÙÇç³-
Ëáëï³Ý³É. keep/ break one’s ~ ËáëïáõÙÁ å»ë. ×ß·ñïáñ»Ý:
ϳï³ñ»É/ãϳï³ñ»É, Ïáïñ»É. of great ~ promulgate [΄prɒmlgeit] v Ññ³å³ñ³Ï»É,
ËáëïáõÙݳÉÇó. a young man of ~ Ëáë- ѳÛï³ñ³ñ»É. ï³ñ³Í»É (áõëÙáõÝù, ÏñáÝ):
ïáõÙݳÉÇó »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹. show ~ ÑáõÛë»ñ promulgation [‚prɒml΄gei∫n] n Ññ³ï³-
Ý»ñßÝã»É: ñ³ÏáõÙ, Ññ³å³ñ³ÏáõÙ:
promise [΄prɒmis] v Ëáëï³Ý³É, ÑáõÛë»ñ prone [prəun] a ÷éí³Í, »ñ»ëÝÇí³Ûñ å³é-
Ý»ñßÝã»É, ³å³·³ Ëáëï³Ý³É. He ~d to be ϳÍ. lie/fall ~ å³éÏ»É/ÁÝÏÝ»É »ñ»ëÝÇí³Ûñ.
in time ܳ Ëáëï³ó³í ųٳݳÏÇÝ ·³É. It (ѳÏí³Í, ѳϳٻï) ~ to colds ѳ׳Ë
~s to be a good harvest ȳí μ»ñùÇ ÑáõÛë»ñ ÑÇí³Ý¹³Ý³Éáõ ѳÏáõÙ. ~ to put on weight
ϳÝ: ·Çñ³Ý³Éáõ ѳÏáõÙ áõݻݳÉ:
promising [΄prɒmisiŋ] a ÑáõÛë»ñ Ý»ñßÝãáÕ, prong [prɒŋ] n ³ï³Ù (ï»Ë.). »Õ³Ý:
ËáëïáõÙݳÉÇó. a ~ start ËáëïáõÙݳÉÇó pronominal [prəu΄nɒminl] a ù»ñ. ¹»ñ³Ý-
ëÏǽμ. The weather is not ~ ºÕ³Ý³ÏÁ áã ÙÇ í³Ý³Ï³Ý, ¹»ñ³Ýí³Ý:
ɳí μ³Ý ãÇ Ëáëï³ÝáõÙ: pronoun [΄prəunaun] n ¹»ñ³ÝáõÝ. demon-
promissory [΄prɒmisəri] a ËáëïáõÙ å³- strative~ óáõó³Ï³Ý ¹»ñ³ÝáõÝ. indefinite ~
ñáõݳÏáÕ£ ³Ýáñáß ¹»ñ³ÝáõÝ. interrogative ~ ѳñó³-
promontory [΄prɒməntəri] n ³ßËñ·. Ï³Ý ¹»ñ³ÝáõÝ. personal ~ ³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý ¹»-
Ññí³Ý¹³Ý: ñ³ÝáõÝ. possessive ~ ëï³ó³Ï³Ý ¹»ñ³ÝáõÝ.
promote [prə΄məut] v μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É, ³é³ç relative ~ ѳñ³μ»ñ³Ï³Ý ¹»ñ³ÝáõÝ:
ù³ß»É. ÏáãáõÙ ï³É, ³ëïÇ×³Ý μ³ñÓ- pronounce [prə΄nauns] v ³ñï³ë³Ý»É,
ñ³óÝ»É. ~ manager/colonel ïÝûñ»Ý ¹³ñÓÝ»É. ³éᷳݻÉ. How is the word ~d? ²Ûë μ³éÁ
·Ý¹³å»ïÇ ³ëïÇ×³Ý ï³É. (ûųݹ³Ï»É, ÇÝãå»±ë ¿ ³ñï³ë³ÝíáõÙ. (ѳÛï³ñ³ñ»É.
³ç³Ïó»É) ~ trade/friendship ûųݹ³Ï»É ѳÛïÝ»É) ~ a decree í×ÇéÁ Ññ³å³ñ³Ï»É. ~
³é¨ïñÇÝ/ ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛ³ÝÁ, μ³ñ»Ï³Ùáõ- the decision acceptable áñáßáõÙÁ ÁݹáõÝ»ÉÇ
ÃÛ³ÝÁ. ~ a new product Ýáñ ³åñ³Ýù ·á- ѳÛï³ñ³ñ»É. ~ a sentence ¹³ï³í×ÇéÁ
í³½¹»É. (ÑÇÙÝ»É) ~ a new company/campaign ѳÛï³ñ³ñ»É. ~ for/against smb Çñ³í. áñá-
Ýáñ ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ ÑÇÙÝ»É. Ýáñ ϳÙå³Ýdz ßáõ٠ϳ۳óÝ»É Ñû·áõï Ù»ÏÇ/Ù»ÏÇ ¹»Ù:
ëÏë»É: pronounced [prə΄naunst] a áñáß³ÏÇ,
promûter [prə΄məutə] n ÑÇÙݳ¹Çñ, ݳ˳- å³ñ½, ³Ïݳéáõ. ó³ÛïáõÝ Ï»ñåáí ³ñï³-
Ó»éÝáÕ. Ñáí³Ý³íáñ, å³ßïå³Ý: ѳÛïí³Í. a ~ limp/accent ËÇëï ϳճÉ.
promotion [prə΄məu∫n] n ³é³çù³ßáõÙ áõÅ»Õ ³Ïó»Ýïáí Ëáë»É. have ~ views
(ͳé³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç). ÏáãáõÙ/³ëïÇ×³Ý ï³- å³ñ½áñáß ï»ë³Ï»ï áõݻݳÉ:
ÉÁ. ³ç³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ. have no hope of ~ ³é³ç pronouncement [prə΄naunsmənt] n áñá-
·Ý³Éáõ ÑáõÛë»ñ ãáõݻݳÉ: ßáõÙÁ/í×ÇéÁ ѳÛï³ñ³ñ»ÉÁ. å³ßïáݳϳÝ
pronunciation 646 proportional

ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ: the word μ³éÇë ɳÛÝ ÇÙ³ëïáí. Do as you


pronunciation [prə‚nΛnsi΄ei∫n] n ³ñï³- think ~ ²ñ»ù ÇÝãå»ë ѳñÙ³ñ »ù ·ïÝáõÙ.
ë³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ³éá·³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: (ÇëϳϳÝ, ×ßÙ³ñÇï, μáõÝ) the war ~
proof [pru:f] n ³å³óáõÛó, ÷³ëï³ñÏ. as/in ÇëϳϳÝ/μáõÝ å³ï»ñ³½ÙÁ. linguistic ~
~ of Ç/áñå»ë ³å³óáõÛó. as ~ of his regard É»½í³μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ áñå»ë ³Û¹åÇëÇÝ. a ~
áñå»ë ѳñ·³ÝùÇ ³å³óáõÛó. ~ of claim noun ù»ñ. ѳïáõÏ ³ÝáõÝ. a ~ fraction Ù³Ã.
Çñ³í. ѳÛóÇ ÑÇÙݳíáñáõÙ. burden of ~ ϳÝáݳíáñ Ïáïáñ³Ï. a ~ rogue ËëÏó.
³å³óáõóÙ³Ý å³ñï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. (÷áñÓ, ϳï³ñÛ³É ëñÇϳ. be in a ~ mess ³Ý³ËáñÅ
ëïáõ·áõÙ) put the theory to the ~ ëïáõ·»É/ íÇ׳ÏáõÙ ÉÇÝ»É, ÷áñÓ³ÝùÇ Ù»ç ÁÝÏÝ»É:
÷áñÓ³ñÏ»É ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÁ. ïå·ñ. ëñμ³- properly [΄prɒpəli] adv ×Çßï, ÇÝãå»ë
·ñáõÙ. ÉëÝÏ. ÷áñÓÝ³Ï³Ý ïåí³Íù. galley ѳñÏÝ ¿, å³ïß³× Ï»ñåáí. treat smb ~
~s ß³ñí³Í³ëÛáõÝ»ñ. page ~s ß³ñí³Íù. ~ å³ïÍ³× Ó¨áí í³ñí»É Ù»ÏÇ Ñ»ï. ~ speak-
sheets ëñμ³·ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñï³ïÇå. ³ÉÏáÑáÉÇ ing Çëϳå»ë, ×ÇßïÝ ³ë³Í. ~ protest
ÃݹáõÃÛ³Ý ³ëïÇ׳ÝÁ. 40% ~ ù³é³ëáõÝ ³ñ¹³ñ³óÇ(áñ»Ý) μáÕáù(»É):
³ëïÇ×³Ý ÃݹáõÃÛáõÝ: propert/y [΄prɒpəti] n ë»÷³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ,
proof [pru:f] a áã ó÷³ÝóÇÏ, ¹ÇÙ³óÏáõÝ, áõÝ»óí³Íù. real/immovable ~ ³Ýß³ñÅ ·áõÛù.
ã»ÝóñÏíáÕ. water/ shower ~ ³Ýçñ³Ã³- portable ~ ß³ñÅ³Ï³Ý ·áõÛù, public ~ ѳë³-
÷³Ýó. shrink ~ ãÙïÝáÕ (Ïïáñ). sound ~ Ó³Û- ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý áõÝ»óí³Íù. personal ~ ³ÝÓݳ-
ݳٻÏáõëÇã. ~ against temptation ã·³Û- Ï³Ý áõÝ»óí³Íù. intellectual ~ Ùï³íáñ
óÏÕíáÕ: ë»÷³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. leave smn all one’s ~ Çñ
proofread [΄pru:fri:d] v ëñμ³·ñ»É: ³ÙμáÕç áõÝ»óí³ÍùÁ Ù»ÏÇÝ ÃáÕÝ»É. The
proof-reader [΄pru:fri:də] n ëñμ³·ñÇã: news is a common ~ ÷Ëμ. ²Û¹ ÉáõñÁ ³ñ¹»Ý
prop [prɒp] n Ý»óáõÏ, Ñ»ÝáõÏ, ѻݳñ³Ý. μáÉáñÇÝ ¿ ѳÛïÝÇ. lost ~ office ·ïÝí³Í
÷Ëμ. ѻݳñ³Ý, ³å³í»Ý: Çñ»ñÇ μÛáõñá/μ³ÅÇÝ. ~ ies óïñ. μ»ÙÇñ»ñ,
prop [prɒp] v Ý»óáõÏ/ѻݳñ³Ý ÉÇÝ»É/¹Ý»É. é»ÏíǽÇï, μáõï³ýáñdz:
~ a roof up ï³ÝÇùÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ѻݳñ³Ý ¹Ý»É. prophecy [΄prɒfəsi] n Ù³ñ·³ñ»áõÃÛáõÝ:
~ the bicycle against the wall ѻͳÝÇíÁ prophesy [΄prɒfəsai] v Ù³ñ·³ñ»³Ý³É,
å³ïÇÝ Ñ»Ý»É: ·áõ߳ϻÉ:
propagate [΄prɒpəgeit] v μ³½Ù³óÝ»É. ï³- prophet [΄prɒfit] n Ù³ñ·³ñ», ·áõß³Ï:
ñ³Í»É. ýǽ. ѳÕáñ¹»É, ³ÝóϳóÝ»É (Ó³ÛÝ, prophetic [prəu΄fetik] a Ù³ñ·³ñ»³Ï³Ý:
ÉáõÛë)£ propinquity [prəu΄piŋkwəti] n Ù»ñÓ³íá-
propagation [‚prɒpə΄gei∫n] n μ³½Ù³óáõÙ, ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ÙáïÇÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ³½·³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ:
ï³ñ³ÍáõÙ, ѳÕáñ¹³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: propitiate [prəu΄pi∫ieit] v ˳ճջóÝ»É.
propel [prə΄pel] v ³é³ç ÙÕ»É, ß³ñÅÙ³Ý Ù»ç ѳßï»óÝ»É, ѳݷëï³óÝ»É:
¹Ý»É. ~led by jet engines ÑñÃÇé³ÛÇÝ propitious [prə΄pi∫əs] a Ýå³ëï³íáñ, μ³-
ß³ñÅÇãáí ·áñÍÇ ¹ñíáÕ. ~ through the water ñ»Ñ³×. The weather was ~ ºÕ³Ý³ÏÁ Ýå³ë-
çñÇ ÙÇçáí ³é³ç ß³ñÅí»É. ~ smn towards the ï³íáñ ¿ñ:
doûr Ù»ÏÇÝ ¹»åÇ ¹áõéÁ ÙÕ»É: proportion [prə΄pɔ:∫n] n ѳٳã³÷áõÃÛáõÝ,
propeller [prə΄pelə] n ³í. ÇÝùݳÃÇéÇ Ñ³Ù³Ù³ëÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ïáÏáë³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ñ³μ»-
åïáõï³Ï (åñáå»É»ñ). Íáí. Ãdzí³ñáÕ ñáõÃÛáõÝ. in ~ of ѳٻٳï, ѳٻٳïáõ-
åïáõï³Ï, Ãdzåïáõï³Ï: ÃÛ³Ùμ. out of ~ ³Ýѳٻٳï, ³Ýѳٳå³-
propensity [prəu΄pensəti] n ѳϳٻïáõ- ï³ë˳Ý. the ~ of boys and girls in the group
ÃÛáõÝ, ѳÏáõÙ. ÙáÉáõÃÛáõÝ: ËÙμáõÙ ïճݻñÇ ¨ ³ÕçÇÏÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ù³ë-
proper [΄prɒpə] a ×Çßï, ѳñÙ³ñ, å³ïß³×. ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ. sense of ~ ã³÷Ç ½·³óáõÙ. ~s
~ pronunciation ×Çßï ³ñï³ë³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ ã³÷ë»ñÁ. a car of vast ~ Ù»Í ã³÷ë»ñÇ Ù»-
use ×Çßï û·ï³·áñÍáõÙ. with ~ respect ù»Ý³. (Ù³ë, ù³Ý³Ï) in equal ~s ѳí³ë³ñ
å³ïß³× Ñ³ñ·³Ýùáí. at the ~ time ѳñÙ³ñ Ù³ë»ñáí. a large ~ of the audience ѳÝ-
å³ÑÇÝ. in the ~ way å³ïß³× Ó¨áí. ~ ¹Çë³ï»ëÝ»ñÇ ½·³ÉÇ Ù³ëÁ:
clothes ѳñÙ³ñ ѳ·áõëï. in the ~ sense of proportional [prə΄pɔ:∫nəl] a ѳٳٳëݳ-
proportionate 647 prosperous

ϳÝ, ѳٳã³÷. Ù³Ã. ѳٻٳï³Ï³Ý. The prorogue [prəu΄rəug] v Ñ»ï³Ó·»É, ¹³¹³-


pay is ~ to the work ì³ñÓÁ ѳٳå³ï³ë- ñ»óÝ»É (å³éɳٻÝïÇ Ýëï³ßñç³ÝÁ):
˳ÝáõÙ ¿ ϳï³ñí³Í ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇÝ: prosaic [prəu΄zeiik] a ³éûñÛ³, ·áñß,
proportionate [prə΄pɔ:∫nət] a ѳٳٳë- ï³ÕïϳÉÇ:
ݳϳÝ, ѳٳã³÷: proscenium [prəu΄si:niəm] n ݳ˳μ»Ù:
proposal [prə΄pəuzl] n ³é³ç³ñÏ. ³é³ç³ñ- proscribe [prəu΄skraib] v ûñ»ÝùÇó ¹áõñë
ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. make a ~ (³ÙáõëÝáõÃÛ³Ý) ³é³- ѳÛï³ñ³ñ»É. íéݹ»É, ³ñï³ùë»É:
ç³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É. peace ~s ˳ճÕáõÃÛ³Ý prose [prəuz] n ³ñÓ³Ï, ³ñӳϳ·ñáõÃÛáõÝ.
³é³ç³ñÏÝ»ñ: ÏÛ³ÝùÇ åñá½³. in ~ ³ñÓ³Ïáí. a ~ writer
propose [prə΄pəuz] v ³é³ç³ñÏ»É, ³é³- ³ñӳϳ·Çñ. ~ works ³ñÓ³Ï ëï»Õͳ·áñ-
ç³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ ÙïóÝ»É. ~ a toast ϻݳó ³é³- ÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ:
ç³ñÏ»É. ~ smn for the job ûÏݳÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ prosecute [΄prɒsikju:t] v Çñ³í. ¹³ï³Ï³Ý
³é³ç³¹ñ»É ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. He was
ϳñ·áí Ñ»ï³åݹ»É. be ~d for theft ¹³ï»É
~d as chairman Üñ³Ý Ý»ñϳ۳óñÇÝ Ý³Ë³-
·áÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ. ~ an action ·áñÍ Ñ³-
·³ÑÇ å³ßïáÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. ~ a motion ³é³-
ñáõó»É:
ç³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ ÙïóÝ»É:
prosecution [‚prɒsi΄kju:∫n] n ¹³ï³Ï³Ý
proposition [‚prɒpə΄zi∫n] n ³é³ç³ñÏáõ- Ñ»ï³åݹáõÙ. the ~ Ù»Õ³¹ñ³Ýù, Ù»Õ³¹ñáÕ
ÃÛáõÝ, ÑÇÙݳíáñáõÙ, åݹáõÙ. ݳ¨ ÷ÇÉ.,
ÏáÕÙÁ. counsil/witness for the ~ Ù»Õ³¹ñáÕ,
Ù³Ã., ËëÏó. ·áñÍ. Ó»éݳñÏáõÙ. It’s a tough/
Ù»Õ³¹ñáÕ ÏáÕÙÇ íϳ. liable to ~ å³ïÅÇ
paying ~ ¸³ ¹Åí³ñ/߳ѳí»ï ·áñÍ ¿. quite
»Ýóϳ:
a different ~ μáÉáñáíÇÝ ³ÛÉ ·áñÍ:
propound [prə΄paund] v ³é³ç ù³ß»É, prosecutor [΄prɒsikju:tə] n Çñ³í. Ù»-
Õ³¹ñáÕ. Public P~ ä»ï³Ï³Ý Ù»Õ³¹ñáÕ,
³é³ç³¹ñ»É. ~ a theory ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ ³é³ç
¹³ï³Ë³½:
ù³ß»É:
proprietary [prə΄praiətəri] n ë»÷³Ï³Ýáõ- prosit [΄prəusit] int Ó»ñ ϻݳóÁ:
ÃÛ³Ý Çñ³íáõÝù, ë»÷³Ï³Ý³ï»ñ»ñ:
prosody [΄prɒsədi] n í³Ýϳã³÷áõÃÛáõÝ. ac-
proprietary [prə΄praiətəri] a ë»÷³Ï³Ý³- centual ~ ß»ßï³Ï³Ý ï³Õ³ã³÷áõÃÛáõÝ:
ïÇñ³Ï³Ý. ~ rights ë»÷³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Çñ³- prospect [΄prɒspekt] n ï»ë³ñ³Ý, μÝáõÃÛ³Ý
íáõÝù. ~ interest ë»÷³Ï³Ý³ïÇñ³Ï³Ý ß³- å³ïÏ»ñ, ѳٳÛݳå³ïÏ»ñ. a fine ~
ѳ·ñ·éí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ medicines íϳ۳- Ñá۳ϳå ï»ë³ñ³Ý. ~s ÷Ëμ. Ñ»é³Ýϳñ,
·ñí³Í ¹»Õáñ³Ûù. a ~ name ïÝï. ýÇñÙ³ÛÇÝ ÑáõÛë»ñ. cheerful/gloomy ~s ÷³ÛÉáõÝ/Ùé³ÛÉ
³ÝáõÝÁ. a ~ brand ·áñͳñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ Ù³ÏÝÇß/ Ñ»é³ÝϳñÝ»ñ. with good ~s ɳí Ñ»é³Ýϳñ
åÇï³Ï: áõÝ»óáÕ. with no ~ Ñ»é³Ýϳñ ãáõÝ»óáÕ. the
proprietor [prə΄praiətə] n ë»÷³Ï³Ý³ï»ñ, ~ of success ѳçáÕáõÃÛ³Ý ÑáõÛë»ñ. a good ~
ï»ñ: as a client Ñݳñ³íáñ ߳ѳí»ï ѳ׳Ëáñ¹.
propriet/y [prə΄praiəti] n å³ïß³×áõÃÛáõÝ, »ñÏñμ. Ñ»ï³Ëáõ½áõÃÛáõÝ ~ for gold. nëÏáõ
í³Û»Éáõã/å³ïß³× ÉÇÝ»ÉÁ. ù³Õ³ù³í³ñáõ- Ñ»ï³Ëáõ½áõÃÛáõÝ:
ÃÛ³Ý Ï³ÝáÝÝ»ñÁ. observe the ~ ies å³ïß³- prospective [prə΄spektiv] a ³å³·³, ·³-
×áõÃÛáõÝ å³Ñå³Ý»É. a breach of ~ ÉÇù, ëå³ëíáÕ. a ~ customer ѳí³Ý³Ï³Ý
å³ïß³×áõÃÛ³Ý (ϳÝáÝÝ»ñÇ) ˳ËïáõÙ: ·Ýáñ¹. a ~ husband ³å³·³ ³ÙáõëÇÝ:
propulsion [prə΄pΛl∫n] n ÙÕáõÙ, ³é³ç prospector [prə΄spektə] n »ñÏñμ. Ñ»ï³-
ß³ñÅáõÙ. ß³ñÅÇã áõÅ. jet ~ ÑñÃÇé³ÛÇÝ ß³ñ- ËáõÛ½, áñáÝáÕ. áëÏÇ áñáÝáÕ:
ÅÇã: prospectus [prə΄spektəs] n (·ñùÇ, Ññ³ï³-
propulsive [prə΄pΛlsiv] a ÙÕÇã, ·ñ·éÇã. ñ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý) áõñí³·Çñ, åɳÝ, åñáëå»Ïï:
ß³ñÅÇã, ëïÇåáճϳÝ: prosper [΄prɒspə] v μ³ñ·³í³×»É, ͳÕÏ»É,
pro-rector [΄prəu΄rektə] åñáé»Ïïáñ£ ѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ. The business is ~ing
prorogation [‚prəurəu΄gei∫n] n å³éɳٻÝ- ¶áñÍÁ μ³ñ·³í³×áõÙ ¿:
ïÇ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ ÁݹѳïáõÙ/¹³¹³ñ»- prosperity [prɒ΄sperəti] n ͳÕÏáõÙ, μ³ñ»-
óáõÙ: Ï»óáõÃÛáõÝ, μ³ñ·³í³×áõÙ:
prosthesis 648 provenance

prosperous [΄prɒspərəs] a ͳÕÏáõÝ, μ³ñ- Ù»ÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ ѳëï³ï»É:


·³í³×, μ³ñ»Ï»óÇÏ. ѳçáÕ³Ï. ÝÛáõóå»ë protestant [΄prɒtistənt] n ÏñáÝ. μáÕá-
³å³Ñáí: ù³Ï³Ý:
prosthesis [prɒs΄θi:sis] n μÅßÏ. åñáû½: protestation [‚prɒti΄stei∫n] n μáÕáù, ³é³ñ-
prostitute [΄prɒstitju:t] n, v ͳËáõ ÏÇÝ, ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ѳݹÇë³íáñ ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
åáéÝÇÏ. åáéÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É: protocol [΄prəutəukɒl] n ³ñӳݳ·ñáõÃÛáõÝ.
prostrate [΄prɒstreit] 1. a ·»ïݳï³ñ³Í, ¹íÝ·. ¿ÃÇÏ»ïÇ Ï³ÝáÝÝ»ñ. ³ñ³ñáճϳñ·.
·»ïÇÝ ï³å³Éí³Í, ÷éí³Í. ~ with grief according to the ~ ³ñ³ñáճϳñ·Ç (åñá-
÷Ëμ. íßïÇó Ïáïñí³Í/áõųëå³é. 2. v ïáÏáÉÇ) ѳٳӳÛÝ. the ~ department ³ñ³-
ï³å³É»É, ·Éáñ»É. ~ oneself »ñ»ëÝÇí³Ûñ ñáճϳñ·Ç ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÁÝÏÝ»É, ÍÝÏÇ ·³É: protract [prə΄trækt] v Ó·»É, »ñϳñ³óÝ»É.
prostration [prɒ΄strei∫n] n áõųëå³- ¹³Ý¹³Õ»É, ѳå³Õ»É. The meeting was ~ing
éáõÃÛáõÝ, ÑÛáõÍáõÙ. áõųëå³é Ñáõë³ÉùáõÙ: ÄáÕáíÁ »ñϳñáõÙ ¿ñ:
prosy [΄prəuzi] a ³ñÓ³Ï, ³ñÓ³Ï ·ñí³Í. protracted [prə΄træktid] a »ñϳñ³ï¨,
³éûñÛ³, ï³ÕïϳÉÇ. åñá½³ÇÏ: Ó·Ó·í³Í. 勉ϳÝ. a ~ argument/visit
protagonist [prəu΄tægənist] n ·É˳íáñ Ñ»- Ó·Ó·í³Í í»×/³Ûó»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ:
ñáë. ç³ï³·áí, »é³Ý¹áõÝ å³ßïå³Ý: protraction [prə΄træk∫n] n ù³ßùßáõÏ,
protean [prəu΄ti:ən] a μ³½Ù³¹ÇÙÇ, μ³½- Ó·Ó·áõÙ. ¹³Ý¹³ÕáõÙ, ѳå³ÕáõÙ:
Ù³Ó¨. ¹Ûáõñ³÷á÷áË, Ñ»ÕÑ»ÕáõÏ: protractor [prə΄træktə] n ¹³Ý¹³ÕÏáï
protect [prə΄tekt] v å³ßïå³Ý»É. The fence Ù³ñ¹. ï»Ë. ³ÝÏÛáõݳã³÷. ϽÙË. å³ñ½Çã
~s the flowers ò³Ýϳå³ïÁ å³ßïå³ÝáõÙ ¿ ÙϳÝ:
ͳÕÇÏÝ»ñÇÝ. ~ by a bodyguard ÃÇÏݳå³ÑÇ protrude [prə΄tru:d] v ¹áõñë óóí»É. his
ÏáÕÙÇó å³ßïå³ÝíáÕ£ teeth/eyes ~d ³ï³ÙÝ»ñÁ ¹áõñë óóí³Í. ³ã-
protection [prə΄tek∫n] n å³ßïå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ù»ñÁ ¹áõñë åñͳÍ:
Ñáí³Ý³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. å³Ñå³ÝáõÙ. ïÝï. protruding [prə΄tru:diŋ] a ¹áõñë åñͳÍ/
åñáï»ÏóÇáÝǽÙ: óóí³Í, ¹áõñë ѳÝí³Í:
protective [prə΄tektiv] a å³ßïå³Ý³Ï³Ý, protrusion [prə΄tru:зn] n »Éáõëï, ¹áõñë
å³ßïå³ÝáճϳÝ. Ñáí³Ý³íáñ³Ï³Ý. ~ óóí³Í Ù³ë:
clothing/colouring å³ßïå³Ý³Ï³Ý ѳ- protrusive [prə΄tru:siv] a ¹áõñë óóí³Í.
·áõëï/·áõÛÝ»ñ. ~ tariffs ïÝï. Ñáí³Ý³íá- ³é³ç Ó·í³Í:
ñáÕ/å³ßïå³Ý³Ï³Ý ï³ñÇý: protuberance [prə΄tju:brəns] n áõéáõóÇÏáõ-
protector [prə΄tektə] n å³ßïå³Ý, å³Ñ³- ÃÛáõÝ, áõéáõóù. ³ëïÕμ. Ññ³íÇųÏ, ųÛÃ-
å³Ý, Ñáí³Ý³íáñ. ï»Ë. ³å³ÑáíÇã, å³Ñ- ù³É»½áõ, åñáïáõμ»ñ³Ýó:
å³Ý³Ï: proud [praud] a Ñå³ñï. be ~ of Ñå³ñ-
protectorship [prə΄tektə∫ip] n Ëݳٳϳ- ï³Ý³É. (·áéá½, ³Ùμ³ñï³í³Ý) as ~ as a
ÉáõÃÛáõÝ, Ñáí³Ý³íáñáõÙ. ùÕù. åñáï»Ï- peacock ëÇñ³Ù³ñ·Ç å»ë Ñå³ñï. a ~ day
ïáñ³ï: ѳݹÇë³íáñ ûñ. do smn ~ ËëÏó. å³ïÇí
protegee [΄prɒtəзei] n Ñáí³Ý³íáñÛ³É: ³Ý»É:
protein [΄prəuti:n] n ëåÇï³Ïáõó, åñáï»ÇÝ prove [pru:v] v ³å³óáõó»É. be able/unable to
pro tem [prəu΄tem] adv (Ïñ×. pro tempere- ~ Ç íÇ׳ÏÇ ÉÇÝ»É/ãÉÇÝ»É ³å³óáõó»É. ~
Çó) ËëÏó. ³é³ÛÅÙ. I can’t answer ~ ºë one’s identity ÇÝùÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ѳëï³ï»É. He
³é³ÛÅÙ ã»Ù ϳñáÕ å³ï³ë˳ݻÉ: was ~d innocent ²å³óáõóí»ó, áñ ݳ ³ÝÙ»Õ
protest [΄prəutest] n μáÕáù. make/lodge a ~ ¿. The exception that ~s the rule ´³ó³-
μáÕáù Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É. under ~ ϳÙùÇÝ Ñ³- éáõÃÛáõÝ, áñ ѳëï³ïáõÙ ¿ ϳÝáÝÁ.
ϳé³Ï, ѳñϳ¹ñí³Í. arouse ~ μáÕáù (å³ñ½í»É) It ~d useless ¸³ ³Ýû·áõï ¹áõñë
³é³ç³óÝ»É: »Ï³í. The report ~d to be very interesting
protest [΄prəutest] v μáÕáù»É, ³é³ñÏ»É. ä³ñ½í»ó, áñ ½»ÏáõóáõÙÁ ß³ï Ñ»ï³ùñùÇñ
μáÕáù³ñÏ»É. ~ loudly μ³ñÓñ³Ó³ÛÝ μáÕá- ¿ñ:
ù»É. (ѳëï³ï»É) ~ one’s innocence Çñ ³Ý- provenance [΄prɒvənəns] n ͳ·áõÙ,
proverb 649 prudent

ëϽμݳÕμÛáõñ. Its ~ is doubtful ̳·áõÙÁ ϳñ³ñ»É:


ϳëϳͻÉÇ ¿. settle the ~ of ͳ·áõÙÁ/ provisional [prə΄viзnəl] a ݳËݳϳÝ,
ëϽμݳÕμÛáõñÁ áñáß»É: å³ÛٳݳϳÝ. ųٳݳϳíáñ. a ~ govern-
proverb [΄prɒvə:b] n ³é³Í, ³ë³óí³Íù: ment ųٳݳϳíáñ ϳé³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~
proverbial [prə΄və:biəl] a ³ë³óí³Íù date ݳËÝ³Ï³Ý ï³ñ»ÃÇí/³Ùë³ÃÇí:
¹³ñÓ³Í, ѳÝñ³Ñ³Ûï. ~ truth ѳÝñ³Ñ³Ûï proviso [prə΄vaizəu] n í»ñ³å³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ,
×ßÙ³ñïáõÃÛáõÝ: í»ñ³å³ÑáõÙ.å³ÛÙ³Ý. with the ~ that
provide [prə΄vaid] v ³å³Ñáí»É, Ù³ï³Ï³- å³ÛÙ³Ýáí, áñ:
ñ³ñ»É. ѳÛóÛûÉ. ~ with money ÷áÕ Ù³- provocation [‚prɒvə΄kei∫n] n ë³¹ñ³Ýù,
ï³Ï³ñ³ñ»É. ~ one’s own transport Çñ»Ý Ñáõ½áõÙ, ·ñ·Çé. acts of ~ ë³¹ñÇã ·áñÍáÕáõ-
÷á˳¹ñ³ÙÇçáóáí ³å³Ñáí»É. The flat is ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. under ~ ѳí³ë³ñ³ÏßéáõÃÛáõÝÇó
~d with fridge ´Ý³Ï³ñ³ÝáõÙ ë³éݳñ³Ý ¿ ѳݳÍ:
ï»Õ³¹ñí³Í. (ݳ˳ï»ë»É) The contract ~s provocative [prə΄vɒkətiv] n ë³¹ñÇã. ½³Û-
for... ä³Ûٳݳ·ÇñÁ ݳ˳ï»ëáõÙ ¿..: ñ³óáõóÇã, ·ñ·éÇã, ѳñáõóÇã. ~ remarks ½³Û-
provided [prə΄vaidid] cnj (ݳ¨ ~ that) ñ³óÝáÕ ¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. a ~ smile ·ñ·éÇã
å³ÛÙ³Ýáí, áñ. ѳßíÇ ³éÝ»Éáí: ÅåÇï:
providence [΄prɒvidəns] n ݳ˳ËݳÙáõ- provoke [prə΄vəuk] v ³é³ç³óÝ»É. ·ñ·é»É,
ÃÛáõÝ, Ñ»é³ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ. ßñç³Ñ³Û»óáõÃÛáõÝ. ½³Ûñ³óÝ»É, ¹ñ¹»É. ~ a scandal ÏéÇí/íÇ-
ËݳÛáÕáõÃÛáõÝ: ׳μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ³é³ç³óÝ»É. ~ the dog ß³ÝÁ
provident [΄prɒvidənt] a ßñç³Ñ³Û³ó, Ñ»- ·ñ·é»É. Don’t ~ your brother ØÇ° çÕ³ÛݳóÝÇ
é³ï»ë, ϳÝ˳ï»ë: »Õμáñ¹:
providential [‚prɒvi΄den∫l] a »ñç³ÝÇÏ, provoking [prə΄vəukiŋ] a ·ñ·éÇã, ½³Û-
ϳÝËáñáßí³Í. a ~ escape »ñç³ÝÇÏ ÷ñÏáõ- ñ³óáõóÇã, ïѳ×:
ÃÛáõÝ/³½³ïáõÙ: provost [΄prɒvəst] n (ùáÉ»çÇ) é»Ïïáñ.
provider [prə΄vaidə] n Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñáÕ, ù³Õ³ù³·ÉáõË (ÞáïɳݹdzÛáõÙ) ~ marshall
Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñ: é³½Ù³Ï³Ý áëïÇϳÝáõÃÛ³Ý å»ï:
providing [prə΄vaidiŋ] cnj å³ÛÙ³Ýáí, prow [prau] n ݳíÇ/ÇÝùݳÃÇéÇ ùÇÃ:
ѳßíÇ ³éÝ»Éáí: prowess [΄prauəs] n ù³çáõÃÛáõÝ, Ëǽ³Ëáõ-
province [΄prɒvins] n ݳѳݷ, ·³í³é. ÃÛáõÝ.
ͳÛñ³Ù³ë. ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý/ ·Çï»ÉÇùÝ»ñÇ prowl [praul] v í³½í½»Éáí ßñç»É/÷Ýïñ»É.
μݳ·³í³é. in the ~ ·³í³éáõÙ. That’s out- ã³÷ã÷»É. Wild beasts ~ in these forests ¶³-
side my ~ ÷Ëμ. ¸³ ÇÙ Çñ³í³ëáõÃÛáõÝÇó ½³ÝÝ»ñÁ ³½³ï ßñçáõÙ »Ý ³Ûë ³Ýï³é-
¹áõñë ¿: Ý»ñáõÙ. Hooligans are ~ing about the streets
provincial [prə΄vin∫l] n ·³í³é³Ï³Ý. Ùdz- ÊáõÉÇ·³ÝÝ»ñÁ ã³÷ã÷áõÙ »Ý ÷áÕáóÝ»ñÁ:
ÙÇï, å³ñ½, ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï: proximate [΄prɒksimət] a Ù»ñÓ³·áõÛÝ, ³Ý-
provincialism [prə΄vin∫liz(ə)m] n ·³í³é³- ÙÇç³Ï³Ý:
óÇáõÃÛáõÝ£ proximity [prɒk΄siməti] n ÙáïÇÏáõÃÛáõÝ,
provision [prə΄viзn]1. n Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñáõÙ, Ù»ñÓ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ of blood ³ñÛáõݳÏóáõ-
³å³ÑáíáõÙ. ~ of food supples ÙûñùÇ ÃÛáõÝ:
Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñáõÙ. the ~ of housing μݳϳ- proxy [΄prɒksi] n Édz½áñ, ѳí³ï³ñÙ³-
ñ³ÝÇ ³å³ÑáíáõÙ. ~ of essential services ³Ý- ï³ñ, ÷á˳Ýáñ¹. vote by ~ Édz½áñ³·ñáí
Ññ³Å»ßï ëå³ë³ñÏÙ³Ý ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÙ. ÁÝïñ»É. stand ~ for smn Ù»ÏÇ íëï³Ñí³Í
make ~s ³å³Ñáí»É. make ~s for one’s future ³ÝÓÁ ÉÇÝ»É, Ù»ÏÇ ÏáÕÙÇó Édz½áñí³Í ÉÇÝ»É:
³å³Ñáí»É ³å³·³Ý (å³Ûٳݳ·ñÇ Ï»ï, prude [pru:d] n Ïáïñ³ïíáÕ/ë»Ã¨»ÃáÕ ÏÇÝ:
å³ÛÙ³Ý) statutory ~ Çñ³í. ûñ»ÝùÇ ¹ñáõÛÃ. prudence [΄pru:dns] n ½·áõßáõÃÛáõÝ,
the ~s of the agreement å³Ûٳݳ·ñÇ Ï»ï»- ßñç³Ñ³Û»óáõÃÛáõÝ. ËáÑ»ÙáõÃÛáõÝ, ˻ɳ-
ñÁ. The law has made ~ for that ¸³ ݳ˳- ÙïáõÃÛáõÝ:
ï»ëí³Í ¿ ûñ»Ýùáí. áõï»ÉÇùÇ å³ß³ñÝ»ñ, prudent [΄pru:dnt] a ËáÑ»Ù, ½·áõÛß, ßñç³-
å³ñ»Ý, Ùûñù. 2. v Ùûñù/å³ñ»Ý Ù³ï³- ѳ۳ó. ËݳÛáÕ, ïÝï»ëáÕ. a ~ housekeeper
prudish 650 pudding

ËݳÛáÕ ïÝï»ëáõÑÇ: å»ï³Ï³Ý Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ figure ѳë³-


prudish [΄pru:di∫] a Ï»ÕÍ μ³ñ»å³ßï/ѳ- ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ·áñÍÇã. ~ spirit ù³Õ³ù³ódzϳÝ
Ù»ëï: á·Ç. ~ library/debate ѳÝñ³ÛÇÝ ·ñ³¹³ñ³Ý.
prune [pru:n] n ë¨ ë³Éáñ. ë¨ ë³ÉáñÇ ãÇñ: μ³ó ùÝݳñÏáõÙÝ»ñ. ~ property ѳÝñ³ÛÇÝ
prune [pru:n] v ³Û·»·áñÍ. ¿ï»É, Ïïñ»É. ë»÷³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ prosecutor Çñ³í. å»-
Ïñ׳ï»É. ~ costs ÷Ëμ. ͳËë»ñÁ Ïñ׳ï»É: ï³Ï³Ý Ù»Õ³¹ñÛ³É, ¹³ï³Ë³½. ~ transport
pruning [΄pru:niŋ] n ¿ïáõÙ. ~ shears ³Û·»- ù³Õ³ù³ÛÇÝ/ѳÝñ³ÛÇÝ ïñ³Ýëåáñï. ~
·áñÍ³Ï³Ý ÙÏñ³ï, ¿ïÇã. ë»Ï³ïáñ: school Ù³ëݳíáñ ¹åñáó. make smth ~
pry [prai] n Ñ»ï³ùñùñí»É, ˳éÝí»É. ~ into Ññ³å³ñ³Ï³ÛÇÝ ¹³ñÓݻɣ
other people’s affairs ùÇÃÁ ËáÃ»É áõñÇßÇ public II [΄pΛblik] a ÑÙÏñ·. ѳë³Ý»ÉÇ, Áݹ-
·áñÍ»ñÇ Ù»ç. I don’t want to ~ â»Ù áõ½áõ٠ѳÝáõñ. ~ data ѳë³Ý»ÉÇ ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ. ~ data
˳éÝí»É: base ѳë³Ý»ÉÇ ïÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ μ³½³. ~ domain
prying [΄praiiŋ] a Ñ»ï³ùñùñ³ë»ñ, ѳñ- software ³Ýí׳ñ ·ñ³¹³ñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ ³å³-
ó³ë»ñ. Nothing escaped her ~ eyes àãÇÝã ã¿ñ ÑáíáõÙ:
ϳñáÕ Ëáõë³÷»É Ýñ³ Ñ»ï³ùñùñ³ë»ñ publication [‚pΛbli΄kei∫n] n ïå³·ñáõÙ,
ѳ۳óùÇó: Ññ³å³ñ³ÏáõÙ, Ññ³ï³ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ ~s
psalm [sa:m] n ë³ÕÙáë: Ññ³ï³ñ³Ïí³Í ·áñÍ»ñ:
pseudo [΄sju:dəu] a Ï»ÕÍ. ßÇÝÍáõ, ë˳É. ~ publicity [pΛb΄lisəti] n Ññ³å³ñ³Ï³ÛÝáõ-
scientist Ï»ÕÍ ·ÇïݳϳÝ: ÃÛáõÝ. ·áí³½¹. seek/avoid ~ Ó·ï»É/ Ëáõë³-
pseudonym [΄sju:dənim] n Ï»ÕͳÝáõÝ: ÷»É Ññ³å³ñ³Ï³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝÇó. give a film ~
pshaw [p∫ɔ:] 1. int å³Ñ, ÷áõÑ. 2. v ³ñ- ÏÇÝáÝϳñÁ ·áí³½¹»É. get a lot of ~ Ëá-
ѳٳñѳÝù ³ñï³Ñ³Ûï»É, ÷Ýã³óÝ»É: ë³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ³é³ñϳ ¹³éݳÉ:
psyche [΄saiki] n Ñá·»Ï³Ý Ï³éáõóí³Íù, publicize [΄pΛblisaiz] v Ññ³å³ñ³Ï»É,
åëÇËÇϳ:
ѳÛïÝÇ ¹³ñÓÝ»É, ·áí³½¹»É:
psychiatric [‚saiki΄ætrik] a Ñá·»μáõųϳÝ: public relations [‚pΛblik ri΄lei∫nz] n ѳë³-
psychiatrist [sai΄kaiətrist] n Ñá·»μáõÛÅ: ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ϳå»ñ/ϳñÍÇù. ~ department
psychic [΄saikik] a Ñ᷻ϳÝ: ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛ³Ý μ³ÅÇÝ:
psychoanalysis [‚saikəuə΄næləsis] n publicly [΄pΛblikli] adv Ññ³å³ñ³Ï³í,
Ñá·»í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛáõÝ:
μ³ó³Ñ³Ûï Ï»ñåáí:
psychological [‚saikə΄lɒdзikl] a Ñá·»μ³- publish [΄pΛbli∫] v Ññ³ï³ñ³Ï»É, ÉáõÛë ÁÝ-
ݳϳÝ. ~ warfare Ñá·»μ³Ý³Ï³Ý å³ï»-
ͳۻÉ. Ññ³å³ñ³Ï»É, ѳÛïÝÇ ¹³ñÓÝ»É. The
ñ³½Ù:
article was ~ed Ðá¹í³ÍÁ Ññ³ï³ñ³Ïí»ó.
psychology [sai΄kɒlədзi] n Ñá·»μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
There is no need to ~ the fact γñÇù ãϳ
psychopath [΄saikəupæθ] n Ñ᷻ϳÝ
Ññ³å³ñ³Ï»É ³Û¹ ÷³ëïÁ:
ÑÇí³Ý¹:
pub [pΛb] n (Ïñ×. public house-Çó) ËëÏó. publisher [΄pΛbli∫ə] n Ññ³ï³ñ³ÏÇã:
å³Ý¹áÏ, ·ÇÝ»ïáõÝ. go on a ~ crawl
publishing [΄pΛbli∫iŋ] a Ññ³ï³ñ³Ïã³Ï³Ý
·ÇÝ»ïÝ»ñáí ÙÇ åïáõÛï ϳï³ñ»É: ·áñÍ, Ññ³ï³ñ³ÏáõÙ. ~ firm/house Ññ³ï³-
puberty [΄pju:bəti] n ë»é³Ï³Ý ѳëáõ- ñ³ÏãáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: puck [pΛk] n Ùñ½. ï³÷ûÕ³Ï:
public [΄pΛblik] n ѳë³ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ, Åá- pucker [΄pΛkə] n ÏÝ×Çé, ËáñßáÙ. ÷áÃ. ~
Õáíáõñ¹. the general ~ ɳÛÝ Ñ³ë³- one’s brow áõÝù»ñÁ ÏÝ×éáï»É:
ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ the theatre-going ~ óï»ñ³ë»ñ puckery [΄pΛkəri] a ÏÝ×éí³Í, ËáñßáÙ³Í:
ѳë³ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ in ~ ѳë³ñ³Ï³ÛÝáñ»Ý: puckish [΄pΛki∫] a ã³ñ³××Ç, ã³ñ£
public I [΄pΛblik] a ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý, Åá- pud [pud] n óÃÇÏ:
Õáíñ¹³Ï³Ý, ѳÝñ³ÛÇÝ. å»ï³Ï³Ý³ó- pudding [΄pudiŋ] n ÷áõ¹ÇÝ·., hasty ~ »÷áíÇ
í³Í, å»ï³Ï³Ý. ~ buildings/toilets ѳë³- ÷áõ¹ÇÝ·. black ~ ³ñÛáõÝ»÷ »ñßÇÏ. pease ~
ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ß»Ýù»ñ/½áõ·³ñ³ÝÝ»ñ. ~ holidays ëÇë»éÇ åÛáõñ». Yorkshire ~ ËÙáñáí ¨ Ùëáí
ÅáÕáíñ¹³Ï³Ý/³½·³ÛÇÝ ïáÝ»ñ. ~ authority ϳñϳݹ³Ï. The proof of the ~ is in it’s eating
puddle 651 puma

²Ù»Ý ÇÝã ·áñÍݳϳÝáõÙ ¿ ëïáõ·íáõÙ: ù³ß»É. ~ a muscle ÙϳÝÁ Ó·³íݳë»É. ~ a


puddle [΄pΛdl] n çñ÷áë. ï³ßï, ÷áùñÇÏ tooth/cork ³ï³ÙÁ/ Ëó³ÝÁ ѳݻÉ. ~ a trigger
Éá·³ñ³Ý£ Ó·³ÝÁ Ó·»É. ~ face/faces ͳٳÍéáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ
puddly [΄pΛdli] a çñ³÷áë»ñáí ͳÍÏí³Í: ³Ý»É. ~ smth to pieces Ù³u»ñÇ μ³Å³Ý»É.
puerile [΄pjuərail] a »ñ»Ë³Û³Ï³Ý, Ù³Ýϳ- ÷Ëμ. ËÇëï ùÝݳ¹³ï»É. ~ smb’s leg ÷Ëμ.
ϳÝ: ùÃÇó μéÝ³Í Ù³Ý ³Í»É, ˳μ»É. ~ ahead
puerperal fever [pju΄ə:prəl΄fi:və] n μÅßÏ. ³é³ç ÁÝÏÝ»É. ~ ashore ¹»åÇ ³÷ Ãdzí³-
ÍÝݹ³μ»ñ³Ï³Ý ï»Ý¹: ñ»É. ~ apart ³Ýç³ï»É, Ù³ë»ñÇ μ³Å³Ý»É.
puff [pΛf] n ûè ÷ã»ÉÁ. ûè ßáõÝã, û¹Ç The table ~s apart ê»Õ³ÝÁ μ³óáíÇ ¿. ~ down
Ñáë³Ýù. a ~ of wind ûè ù³ÙÇ. (ùáõɳ) a ~ Çç»óÝ»É. ~ down the blinds í³ñ³·áõÛñÝ»ñÁ
of smoke ÍËÇ ùáõɳ. be out of ~ ßÝã³Ïïáõñ Çç»óÝ»É. ~ down the house ß»ÝùÁ ù³Ý¹»É. ~
ÉÇÝ»É. take a few ~s (Í˳ËáïÁ) ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ off íñ³ÛÇó ѳݻÉ. Ñ»é³Ý³É. ~ off the road
³Ý·³Ù Í˳óÝ»É. get a good ~ in the paper ׳ݳå³ñÑÇó ¹áõñë ·³É. ~ out ѳݻÉ,
ËëÏó. Ù³ÙáõÉáõÙ É³í ·ñ³Ënë³Ï³ÝÇ ³ñ- ¹áõñë ù³ß»É. ~ out the troops ½áñù»ñÁ ¹áõñë
ųݳݳÉ. jam ~ ËÑñ. Ùáõñ³μ³Ûáí ß»ñï³- μ»ñ»É. ~ through ѳÕóѳñ»É (ÑÇí³Ý¹áõ-
ËÙáñ. ~ sleeves ͳÉù»ñáí èù»ñ: ÃÛáõÝ, ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝ). ~ together Ùdzíáñí»É.
puff [pΛf] v ÷Ýã³óÝ»É, ÷Ýã³É. ~ out áõéóÝ»É. ~ the family together Ùdzíáñ»É/ѳٳËÙμ»É
~ out one’s cheeks ³Ûï»ñÝ áõé»óÝ»É. ~ out ÁÝï³ÝÇùÁ. ~ oneself together Çñ»Ý ѳí³-
smoke ÍËÇ ùáõɳݻñ μ³ó ÃáÕÝ»É/³ñӳϻÉ. ù»É, ½·³ëï³Ý³É. ~ the plant up by the roots
~ and blow/pant ͳÝñ ßÝã»É/Ѩ³É. The train μáõÛëÁ ³ñÙ³ïáí ¹áõñë ù³ß»É. ~ up sharply
~ed out of the station ¶Ý³óùÁ ÷Ýã³óÝ»Éáí ÏïñáõÏ ³ñ·»É³Ï»É:
Ù»ÏÝ»ó. ÷Ëμ. áõéã»É, ÷ùí»É. ~ up with pride pullet [΄pulit] n í³é»Ï:
Ñå³ñïáõÃÛáõÝÇó ÷ùí»É: pulley [΄puli] n ï»Ë. ÑáÉáí³Ï, ׳Ëñ³Ý-
puff ball [΄pΛfbɔ:l] n ³ÝÓñ¨³ëáõÝÏ: í³Ï. ׳Ëñ³Ï. driving ~ ß³ñųÝí³Ï:
puff-box [΄pΛfbɒks] n ¹ÇÙ³÷áß³Ù³Ý: pull-in [΄pulin] n ׳ݳå³ñѳٻñÓ ëñ׳-
puff pastry, puff paste [΄pΛfpeistri, ñ³Ý:
΄pΛfpeist] n ß»ñï³íáñ ËÙáñ:
pullman [΄pulmən] n ÝÝç³í³·áÝ:
puffy [΄pΛfi] a áõé³Í. å³ñÍ»ÝÏáï, ëݳ- pull-over [΄pul‚əuvə] n ³ÝûÓÇù/³ÝÏá׳Ï
å³ñÍ. ~ wind åáéÃÏáõÝ, ëñÁÝóó ù³ÙÇ. ~
ëíÇï»ñ:
style ÷ùáõÝ/×áéáÙ á×:
pulmonary [΄pΛlmənəri] a Ãáù³ÛÇÝ, Ãá-
pug [pΛg] n Ùáåë, ßÝÇÏ. Ï׳ï ùÇÃ: ù»ñÇ, ÃáùÇ:
pugilist [΄pju:dзilist] n μéÝóù³Ù³ñïÇÏ: pulp [pΛlp] n ÙÇçáõÏ. åïáõÕÝ»ñÇ Ï³ÏÕ³ÝÁ/
pugnacious [pΛg΄nei∫əs] a Ïéí³ñ³ñ, ÷³÷áõÏ Ù³ëÁ. wood ~ ÷³Ûï³ÝÛáõÃÇ
Ïéí³ë»ñ:
½³Ý·í³Í. The heat reduced me to ~ ÷Ëμ.,
pug-nosed [‚pΛg΄nəuzd] a Ï׳ï ùÃáí:
ËëÏó. Þá·Çó ϳÏÕ»É »Ù:
puke [pju:k] v ëÇñïÁ Ñ»ï ï³É:
pull [pul] n Ó·áõÙ, Ó·³Ýù, Ó·áÕáõÃÛáõÝ. pulpy [΄pΛlpi] a ÷³÷áõÏ, Ùëáï (åïáõÕ-
Ý»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ):
ÃdzÏÇ Ñ³ñí³Í, Ãdzí³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. give the
rope a ~ å³ñ³ÝÁ Ó·»É. take a ~ at the ciga-
pulsate [pΛl΄seit] v μ³μ³Ë»É, ½³ñÏ»É:
rette Í˳ËáïÁ Ý»ñë ù³ß»É. a dead ~ pulse [pΛls]1. n ϽÙË. ½³ñÏ»ñ³Ï. μ³μ³Ë-
³å³ñ¹ÛáõÝ ç³Ýù. the ~ ÷Ëμ. Ó·áÕ³Ï³Ý ÛáõÝ, ïñá÷áõÙ. ÃñÃÇé. feel/take smb’s ~ ½³ñ-
áõÅ. (ÏáõÙ/áõÙå) take a ~ at ÏáõÙ/áõÙå ³Ý»É. Ï»ñ³ÏÁ ßáß³÷»É. ÷Ëμ. Ù»ÏÇ Ùï³¹ñáõ-
a hard ~ uphill ¹Åí³ñ í»ñ»Éù ë³ñÝÇí»ñ. ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÝ ÇٳݳÉ. 2. v μ³μ³Ë»É, ½³ñÏ»É.
ËëÏó. ͳÝáÃáõÃÛáõÝ, ϳå»ñ have ~ with the ïñá÷»É:
head office í³ñãáõÃÛáõÝáõ٠ϳå»ñ áõݻݳÉ. pulverize [΄pΛlvəraiz] v ÷áßdzóÝ»É, ÷á-
have the ~ of ³é³í»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ: ß»óñÇí ³Ý»É:
pull [pul] v Ó·»É, ÓÇ· ï³É ù³ß»É. ~ a bell pulverizer [΄pΛlvəraizə] n Ñ»ÕáõϳóÇñ,
½³Ý·Á ï³É/ù³ß»É. ~ smb’s hair Ù»ÏÇ Ù³- ÷áß»óÇñ (åáõÉí»ñǽ³ïáñ):
½»ñÁ ù³ß»É. ~ the curtains í³ñ³·áõÛñÝ»ñÁ puma [΄pju:mə] n ϻݹ. ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý
pumice(-stone) 652 purchasable

ϳïí³éÛáõÍ: Ýß³ÝÝ»ñ ¹Ý»É. ÷Ëμ. Áݹѳï»É, ÁݹÙÇç»É.


pumice(-stone) [΄pΛmisstəun] n å»Ù½³ a speech ~ed by bursts of applause ͳ÷³Ñ³-
(ù³ñ): ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí ÁݹѳïíáÕ ×³é:
pummel [΄pΛml] v μéáõÝóùÝ»ñáí ¹Ý·ë»É, punctuation [‚pΛŋkt∫u΄ei∫n] n ϻﳹñáõ-
ͻͻÉ: ÃÛáõÝ. ~ marks ϻﳹñáõÃÛ³Ý Ýß³ÝÝ»ñ:
pump I [pΛmp] n åáÙå, çñѳÝ. air ~ û¹³- puncture [΄pΛŋkt∫ə] 1. n ͳÏ, ͳÏí³Íù
åáÙå. petrol ~ μ»Ý½³åáÙå: (³Ýí³¹áÕÇ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ). I’ve got a ~ ²Ýí³¹áÕÁ
pump II [pΛmp] n å³ñ³Ñ³Ý¹»ëÇ ÏÇë³Ïá- ͳÏí»É ¿. 2. v ͳÏ(í)»É, å³ÛûÉ. ~ a tyre
ßÇÏ: ³Ýí³¹áÕÁ ͳϻÉ:
pump [pΛmp] v ù³ß»É, ѳݻÉ. ~ water out of pungency [΄pΛndзənsi] n ÏÍí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ,
a tank/into a tank åáÙåáí çáõñÁ ¹áõñë Ñ³Ý»É ¹³éÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
çñ³Ùμ³ñÇó/ÉóÝ»É çñ³Ùμ³ñ: pungent [΄pΛndзənt] a ÏÍáõ, ¹³éÁ, μ³ñÏ:
pumping station [΄pΛmpiŋ ΄ stei∫n] n åáÙ- punish [΄pΛni∫] v å³ïÅ»É, ïáõÛÅÇ »Ý-
å³Ï³Û³Ý: óñÏ»É. ËëÏó. (Ù»ÏÇ Ñ»ï) í³ï í³ñí»É. ~
pumpkin [΄pΛmpkin] n ¹¹áõÙ: the car ÷Ëμ., ËëÏó. ãËÝ³Û»É Ù»ù»Ý³Ý:
pump-room [΄pΛmpru:m] n åáÙå³Ï³- punishable [΄pΛni∫əbl] a å³ïÅ»ÉÇ. ~ by a
Û³Ý: fine ïáõ·³Ýùáí å³ïÅ»ÉÇ:
pun [pΛn] n μ³é³Ë³Õ. perpetrate a ~ μ³é³- punishment [΄pΛni∫mənt] n å³ïÇÅ. corpo-
Ë³Õ ëï»ÕÍ»É: ral ~ Ù³ñÙÝ³Ï³Ý å³ïÇÅ. capital ~ ٳѳ-
punch I [pΛnt∫]1. n μéáõÝóùÇ Ñ³ñí³Í. give å³ïÇÅ. set a ~ å³ïÇÅ ï³É. avoid/escape ~
a ~ μéáõÝóùáí ѳñí³Í»É. (áõÅ) lack ~ áõÅ Ëáõë³÷»É å³ïÅÇó. take one’s ~ å³ïÇÅÁ
ãáõݻݳÉ. pack quite a ~ áõÅ»Õ μéáõÝóù Ïñ»É:
áõݻݳÉ: 2. v μéáõÝóùáí Ë÷»É. I ~ed him on punitive [΄pju:nətiv] a å³ïÅÇã:
the jaw ºë Ýñ³ ÍÝáïÇÝ Ñ³ëóñÇ: punster [΄pΛnstə] n ëñ³Ëáë:
punch II [pΛnt∫] n ¹³ÏÇã, ¹ñáßÙÇã: punt I [pΛnt] n ѳñóѳï³Ï ݳí³Ï:
punch III [pΛnt∫] n ÷áõÝç, ç»ñÙûÕÇ. åáõÝß: punt II [pΛnt] n ·Ý¹³ÏÁ Ó»éùÇó ¹áõñë ·ó»É
punch [pΛnt∫] v ¹³Ï»É, ͳϻÉ. ¹ñáßÙ»É. ~ a (¹³ñå³ë³å³ÑÁ):
hole ͳϻÉ. ~ a ticket ïáÙëÁ ¹³Ï»É. ~ out puny [΄pju:ni] a ÷áùñ, Ýí³½, ïϳñ. ~
computer cards ¹³Ï»É ѳٳϳñ·ãÇ å»ñ- child/youth Ýí³½ »ñ»Ë³/å³ï³ÝÇ. ~ mus-
ýáù³ñïÁ£ cles ÃáõÛÉ ÙϳÝÝ»ñ. ~ efforts ÏïÏ. ËÕ×áõÏ
punchball [΄pΛnt∫bɔ:l] n (μéÝóù³Ù³ñïÇ) ç³Ýù»ñ:
ϳËáíÇ ï³ÝÓ: pup [pΛp] 1. n ɳÏáï, Ãáõɳ. Íáí³÷ÕÇ
punch-line [΄pΛnt∫lain] n the ~ of a story Ó³·. 2. v Ó³·/ɳÏáïÝ»ñ μ»ñ»É. óÝÏÝ»É:
å³ïÙáõÃÛ³Ý/å³ïÙí³ÍùÇ ³ÕÁ: pupil [΄pju:pl] n ϽÙË. ³ãùÇ μÇμ:
punch up [΄pΛnt∫Λp] n Ïéíßïáó, pupil [΄pju:pl] n ³ß³Ï»ñï, ëáíáñáÕ. ë³Ý,
Í»ÍÏéïáó, ïáõñáõ¹Ù÷áó: ë³ÝÇÏ:
punctilious [pΛŋk΄tiliəs] a Ù³Ýñ³ÏñÏÇï, pupil(l)age [΄pju:pəlidз] n ³ß³Ï»ñïáõ-
μͳËݹÇñ: ÃÛáõÝ, ³ß³Ï»ñï³Ï³Ý íÇ׳Ï:
punctual [΄pΛŋkt∫uəl] a ×ßï³å³Ñ, puppet [΄pΛpit] n ïÇÏÝÇÏ, ˳ٳ×ÇÏ. ˳-
×ß·ñÇï, ×ßï³Ï³ï³ñ. be ~ in paying the Õ³ïÇÏÝÇÏ. ~ play/show ïÇÏÝÇϳÛÇÝ Ã³ï-
bills ѳßÇíÝ»ñÁ ÙÇßï ųٳݳÏÇÝ Ùáõ- ñáÝ. a ~ government ÷Ëμ. ˳ٳ×ÇϳÛÇÝ
Í»É/÷³Ï»É. Please, be ~ ÊݹñáõÙ »Ùª ϳé³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
ãáõ߳ݳù: puppetry [΄pΛpitri] n ïÇÏÝÇϳÛÇÝ Ï³ï³-
punctually [΄pΛŋkt∫uəli] adv ×ß·ñïáñ»Ý, Ï»ñ·áõÃÛáõÝ. Ï»ÕÍ μ³ñ»å³ßïáõÃÛáõÝ:
×ßï³å³Ñ Ï»ñåáí. come ~ ųٳݳÏÇÝ puppy [΄pΛpi] n ɳÏáï, ß³Ý Ó³·. Ãáõɳ,
·³É. at 7 o’clock ~ áõÕÇÕ Å³ÙÇ ÛáÃÇÝ: Ó³·áõÏ:
punctuality [‚pΛŋkt∫u΄æləti] n ×ß·ñïáõ- purblind [΄pə:blaind] a ÏÇë³ÏáõÛñ. ÷Ëμ.
ÃÛáõÝ, ×ßï³å³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ: ³ÝÑ»é³ï»ë, ¹Åí³ñ ѳëϳóáÕ, μáõÃ:
punctuate [΄pΛŋkt∫ueit] v ϻﳹñáõÃÛ³Ý purchasable [΄pə:t∫əsəbl] a ·Ý»ÉÇ, ·ÝÙ³Ý
purchase 653 pursuit

»Ýóϳ. ͳËáõ, ϳ߳éíáÕ: ÷³ëï³ÃáõÕÃÁ ѳٳñíáõÙ ¿ μݳ·Çñ:


purchase [΄pə:t∫əs]1. n ·ÝáõÙ, ·Ý³Í Çñ. ~ tax purpose [΄pə:pəs] n Ýå³ï³Ï, Ùï³¹ñáõ-
·ÝÙ³Ý Ñ³ñÏ. 2. v ·Ý»É, Ó»éù μ»ñ»É: ÃÛáõÝ. to the ~ ï»ÕÇÝ, Ýå³ï³ÏÇÝ Ñ³ñÙ³ñ.
purchaser [΄pə:t∫əsə] n ·Ýáñ¹: on ~ ¹ÇïÙ³Ùμ, Ýå³ï³Ï³¹ñí³Í. pursue/
purchasing power [΄pə:t∫əsiŋ‚pauə] n achieve one’s ~ Ñ»ï³Ùáõï ÉÇÝ»É/ѳëÝ»É
·ÝáÕáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ: Ýå³ï³ÏÇÝ. for all practical ~s ÷³ëïáñ»Ý,
pure [pjuə] a Ù³ùáõñ, ³Ý˳éÝ, ½áõï. Çë- Áëï ¿áõÃÛ³Ý. answer/serve the ~ Ýå³ï³ÏÇÝ
ϳϳÝ, ϳï³ñÛ³É. ~ air/vine Ù³ùáõñ û¹. ͳé³Û»É. serve no useful ~ ɳí ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ
³Ý˳éÝ ·ÇÝÇ. by ~ chance ËëÏó. ÉñÇí å³- ãÙ³ïáõó»É. to no/little ~ ³Ý³ñ¹ÛáõÝù, ùÇã
ï³Ñ³μ³ñ. ~ nonsense å³ñ½³å»ë ÑÇÙ³- ³ñ¹Ûáõݳí»ï, ³å³ñ¹ÛáõÝ. to some/good ~
ñáõÃÛáõÝ: (Ù»Í) ѳçáÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ. (Ùï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ) lack
purebred [΄pjuəbred] a ½ï³ñÛáõÝ, ³½Ýí³- sense of ~ Ýå³ï³Ï³ëɳó ãÉÇÝ»É. have great
ó»Õ: sense of ~ Ýå³ï³Ï³ëɳó ÉÇÝ»É:
purely [΄pjuəli] adv Ùdzݷ³Ù³ÛÝ, ϳï³ñ»- purpose [΄pə:pəs] v Ùï³¹ñí»É, Ùï³¹Çñ
ɳå»ë, μ³ó³é³å»ë: ÉÇÝ»É:
purgative [΄pə:gətiv] n ÉáõÍáճϳÝ: purposeful [΄pə:pəsfl] a Ýå³ï³Ï³ëɳó.
purgatorial [‚pə:gə΄tɔ:riəl] a Ù³ùñáÕ, Ù³ù- Ùï³Íí³Í, ¹Çï³íáñÛ³É:
ñÇã. Ù»Õù»ñÁ ù³íáÕ: purposeless [΄pə:pəsləs] a ³ÝÝå³ï³Ï. áã
purgatory [΄pə:gətri] n ù³í³ñ³Ý. ï³Ýç³- ¹Çï³íáñÛ³É. ³Ýû·áõï, ³Ý³ñ¹ÛáõÝù:
í³Ûñ, ¹ÅáËù: purposely [΄pə:pəsli] adv ¹Çï³íáñÛ³É
purge [pə:dз] n Ù³ùñáõÙ. ½ïáõÙ. μÅßÏ. Éáõ- Ï»ñåáí, ϳÝ˳Ùï³Íí³Í. ¹ÇïÙ³Ùμ:
ÍáճϳÝ: purr [pə:] n, v ÙéÉïáó, Ùééáó. Ùéé³É,
purge [pə:dз] v Ù³ùñ»É, ½ï»É, ëñμ»É. ùÕù. ÙéÉï³É:
Ù³ùñ»É. μÅßÏ. ÉáõÍáÕ³Ï³Ý ï³É: purse [pə:s] n ùë³Ï, ¹ñ³Ù³å³Ý³Ï. ÷Ëμ.
purification [‚pjuərifi΄kei∫n] n ½ïáõÙ, Ù³ù- ¹ñ³Ù, ÷áÕ, ѳñëïáõÃÛáõÝ. long/heavy ~
ñáõÙ, ëñμ³·áñÍáõÙ: ѳñëïáõÃÛáõÝ, áõݨáñáõÃÛáõÝ, ³é³ïáõ-
purifier [΄pjuərifaiə] n Ù³ùñÇã, ½ïÇã: ÃÛáõÝ. light ~ ãù³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Õù³ïáõ-
purify [΄pjuərifai] v Ù³ùñ(í)»É: ÃÛáõÝ. the public ~ å»ï³Ï³Ý ·³ÝÓ³ñ³ÝÁ.
purist [΄pjuərist] n Ù³ùñ³ËݹÇñ ³ÝÓ, åáõ- button up one’s ~ ÅɳïáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É. have a
ñÇëï: common ~ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ áõݻݳÉ.
puritan [΄pjuəritən] n Ù³ùñ³ÏñáÝ, ËÇëï open one’s ~ ùë³ÏÁ μ³Ý³É, ³é³ï³Ó»éÝ
μ³ñ»å³ßï ³ÝÓ. åáõñÇï³Ý: ÉÇÝ»É. hold the ~ strings ÷áÕ»ñÁ ïÝûñÇÝ»É. ~
puritanical [‚pjuəri΄tænikl] a åáõñÇï³Ý³- proud ѳñëïáõÃÛ³Ùμ Ñå³ñï:
ϳÝ: purse [pə:s] v ѳí³ù»É, ÏÉáñ³óÝ»É. ~ up
purity [΄pjuərəti] n Ù³ùñáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ÝÙ»Õáõ- one’s lips ßñÃáõÝù»ñÁ ѳí³ù»É/Ïáõ㠳ͻÉ:
ÃÛáõÝ. (³½ÝÇí Ù»ï³ÕÝ»ñÇ) ѳñ·: pursuance [pə΄sju:əns] n ϳï³ñáõÙ, ϳ-
purl I [pə:l]1. n ËáËáçÛáõÝ, ϳñϳãÛáõÝ. 2.v ï³ñ»ÉÁ. in ~ of one’s duties Çñ å³ñï³Ï³-
ËáËáç»É, ϳñϳã»É: ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ϳï³ñ»ÉÇë:
purl II [pə:l] n ³ë»Õݳ·áñÍ: pursuant [pə΄sju:ənt] adv ~ to ѳٳӳÛÝ,
purlieu [΄pə:lju:] n ßñç³Ï³Ûù. Ñ»ïݳËáñß. ѳٻٳï:
³Õù³ï óճٳë: pursue [pə΄sju:] v Ñ»ï³åݹ»É, ѳɳͻÉ,
purple [΄pə:pl] n ÍÇñ³Ý³·áõÛÝ. Ùáõ· ϳñ- Ñ»ï³Ùáõï ÉÇÝ»É. Ó·ï»É. The police ~d the
ÙÇñ. Ù³Ýáõ߳ϳ·áõÛÝ. ~ with rage ½³ÛñáõÛ- thief àëïÇϳÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ñ»ï³åݹáõÙ ¿ñ
ÃÇó ϳñÙñ³Í: ·áÕÇÝ. ~ an objective Ýå³ï³Ï Ñ»ï³åݹ»É.
purport [΄pə:pət] n ÇÙ³ëï, μáí³Ý¹³Ïáõ- ~ fame ÷³éùÇ Ñ»ï¨Çó ÁÝÏÝ»É. (í³ñ»É,
ÃÛáõÝ, ÙÇïù. ÙÇïáõÙ, Ýå³ï³Ï: ß³ñáõݳϻÉ) ~ a policy/an inquiry ù³Õ³ù³-
purport [΄pə:pət] v ³ë»É, íϳۻÉ. »Ýó¹ñ»É, ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ/Ñ»ï³ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ í³ñ»É. ~ one’s
Ý߳ݳϻÉ. ~ to be a poet Çñ»Ý åá»ï ѳٳ- studies áõëáõÙÁ ß³ñáõݳϻÉ:
ñ»É. The document ~s to be the original ²Ûë pursuer [pə΄sju:ə] n Ñ»ï³åݹáÕ:
purulent 654 put

pursuit [pə΄sju:t] n Ñ»ï³åݹáõÙ, ѳɳ- push-cart [΄pu∫ka:t] n Ó»éݳë³ÛɳÏ:


ͳÝù. in ~ of ÙÇ μ³ÝÇ Ñ»ï³Ùáõï. in ~ of the push chair [΄pu∫t∫eə] ѳßٳݹ³ÙÇ μ³½Ï³-
burglar Ñ»ï³åݹ»Éáí ÏáÕáåïÇãÇÝ. in ~ of Ãáé:
pleasure ѳ×áõÛù ÷Ýïñ»Éáí. (½μ³ÕÙáõÝù) pusher [΄pu∫ə] n »é³Ý¹áõÝ/ݳ˳ӻéÝáÕ
leasure ~s ³½³ï ųٳݳÏÇ ½μ³ÕÙáõÝù: ³ÝÓ. He’s a real ~ ܳ Ó»éÝ»ñ»ó ³ÝÓݳíá-
purulent [΄pjuərulənt] a óñ³Ë³ÛÇÝ, ó- ñáõÃÛáõÝ ¿:
ñ³Ë³Ï³É³Í: pushing [΄pu∫iŋ] a »é³Ý¹áõÝ, ݳ˳ӻéÝáÕ,
purvey [pə΄vei] v ѳÛóÛûÉ, Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³- Ó»éÝ»ñ»ó:
ñ»É: pushover [΄pu∫‚əuvə] n ¹³ï³ñÏ μ³Ý. ÃáõÛÉ
purveyance [pə΄veiəns] n å³ß³ñÝ»ñ. Ùû- ˳ճóáÕ/ѳϳé³Ïáñ¹. The next match
ñáõÙ, å³ß³ñÝ»ñ ï»ëÝ»ÉÁ: should be a ~ гçáñ¹ ˳ÕÁ å»ïù ¿ áñ
purveyor [pə΄veiə] n Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñáÕ, Ùû- ³í»ÉÇ Ã»Ã¨ ³ÝóÝÇ/Ñ»ßï ÉÇÝÇ:
ñáÕ: pushups [΄pu∫Λps] n Ùñ½. ÑñáõÙÝ»ñ ·»ïÝÇó:
purview [΄pə:vju:] n ßñç³Ý³Ï, μݳ·³í³é. pusillanimous [‚pju:si΄læniməs] a ÷áùñá-
áÉáñï, Çñ³í³ëáõÃÛáõÝ: ·Ç:
pus [pΛs] n óñ³Ë: pussy, pussy-cat [΄pusi, ΄pusikæt] n ÷ÇëÇÏ,
push [pu∫] n ÑñáõÙ, Ññáó. give a ~ Ññ»É. get ϳïíÇÏ:
the ~ ÷Ëμ. å³ßïáݳÝÏ ³ñí»É. (»é³Ý¹, pussyfoot [΄pusifut] n ã³÷³½³Ýó ½·áõÛß
ݳ˳ӻéÝáõÃÛáõÝ) make a ~ Ù»Í ç³Ýù Ù³ñ¹:
·áñͳ¹ñ»É. He needs a ~ ÷Ëμ. Üñ³Ý ѳñ- pussy willow [΄pusi‚wiləu] n ϳñ׳μ»ñÓ
ϳíáñ ¿ ËóݻÉ. He’s got no ~ ܳ ѳë- áõé»ÝÇ:
ï³ï³Ï³Ù/Ýå³ï³Ï³ëɳó ã¿: pustular [΄pΛstjulə] a å½áõÏáï, å½áõÏÝ»-
push [pu∫] v Ññ»É, μáûÉ. ëïÇå»É. ×ÝßáõÙ ñáí ͳÍÏí³Í:
·áñͳ¹ñ»É. ~ The door ¹áõéÁ Ññ»É. ~ a pram put [put] v ¹Ý»É. ï»Õ³íáñ»É. ~ flowers into
Ù³ÝÏ³Ï³Ý ë³ÛɳÏÁ ·Éáñ»É. ~ a button the water ͳÕÇÏÝ»ñÁ çñÇ Ù»ç ¹Ý»É. ~ the
Ïá׳ÏÁ ë»ÕÙ»É. The parents ~ed the boy baby in his chair »ñ»Ë³ÛÇÝ ³ÃáéÇ Ù»ç
ÌÝáÕÝ»ñÁ ×ÝßáõÙ ¿ÇÝ ïÕ³ÛÇÝ. (·áí³½¹»É) Ýëï»óÝ»É. ~ a letter in an envelope ݳٳÏÁ
~ a product ³åñ³Ýù ·áí³½¹»É. ~ drugs Íñ³ñÇ Ù»ç ¹Ý»É. ~ in prison μ³Ýï Ýëï»ó-
ÃÙñ³¹»Õ»ñ í³×³é»É/í³×³éùáí ½μ³Õí»É. Ý»É. ~ sugar/milk ß³ù³ñ ·ó»É. ϳà ÉóÝ»É. ~
money in the bank ÷áÕÁ μ³ÝÏ ¹Ý»É. ~ a patch
Don’t ~ your luck ´³ËïÇ Ñ»ï Ë³Õ ÙÇ ³ÝÇ.
ϳñϳï³Ý ·ó»É/¹Ý»É. ~ a signature ëïáñ³-
(ëïÇå»É. ×ÝßáõÙ ·áñͳ¹ñ»É) ~ into medicine
·ñáõÃÛáõÝ ¹Ý»É. ~ smb in a difficult position
ëïÇå»É μÅßÏáõÃÛ³Ùμ ½μ³Õí»É. ~ smn for an
¹Åí³ñ ϳóáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ¹Ý»É. ~ to bed ³Ý-
answer ëïÇå»É å³ï³ë˳ݻÉ. ~ oneself
ÏáÕÇÝ ¹Ý»É/ùÝ»óÝ»É. ~ in order ϳñ·Ç μ»ñ»É.
Çñ»Ý ËóݻÉ. be ~ed on money/time ÷áÕÁ
~ one in charge of å³ï³ë˳ݳïáõ
ãμ³í³ñ³ñ»É. ß³ï ùÇã Å³Ù³Ý³Ï áõݻݳÉ.
¹³ñÓÝ»É. ~ smn in his place (Ù»ÏÇÝ) Çñ ï»ÕÁ
Don’t ~ ! ØÇ° Ññ»ù. ~ ahead ß³ñáõݳϻÉ
¹Ý»É. ~ above ·»ñ³¹³ë»É. ~ into shape Ó¨
³é³ç ß³ñÅí»É. ~ around ËëÏó. ·ñ·é»É,
ï³É, Ó¨³íáñ»É. ~ on a horse ÓÇáõ íñ³ ˳-
½³Ûñ³óÝ»É. ~ away Ñ»ï ÙÕ»É, Ñ»é³óÝ»É. ~
Õ³·áõÙ³ñ ¹Ý»É. ~ into one’s head ·ÉáõËÁ
down ë»ÕÙ»É, ×Ýß»É. ~ smn forward Ù»ÏÇÝ
ÙïóÝ»É. (³ñï³Ñ³Ûï»É) ~ into words μ³é»-
³é³ç ÙÕ»É/ùß»É. ~ into Ù»çÁ ·ó»É. ~ into the
ñáí ³ñï³Ñ³Ûï»É. ~ it badly ³ÝѳçáÕ ³ñ-
water çñÇ Ù»ç ·ó»É/Ññ»É ~ off Ñ»ï Ññ»É. ~ a
ï³Ñ³Ûïí»É/Ó¨³Ï»ñå»É. ~ it very well ß³ï
boat off ݳí³ÏÁ ³÷Çó Ñ»ï Ññ»É. ~ through
É³í ³ñï³Ñ³Ûï»É. ~ from English into Ar-
Ññ»Éáí ³é³ç ß³ñÅí»É. ~ through the crowd menian ³Ý·É»ñ»ÝÇó ѳۻñ»Ý óñ·Ù³Ý»É. ~
³ÙμáËÇ ÙÇçáí ³é³ç ß³ñÅí»É: in black and white ë¨áí ëåÇï³ÏÇ íñ³
push-button [΄pu∫‚bΛtn]1. n Ïá×³Ï (½³Ý- ·ñ»É/ß³ñ³¹ñ»É. ~ (words) to music μ³é»ñÇÝ
·Ç, ³Ýç³ïÇãÇ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ) 2. a Ù»ù»Ý³Û³óí³Í. »ñ³ÅßïáõÃÛáõÝ ÑáñÇÝ»É. ~ in writing ·ñ³-
~ control ϳé³í³ñÙ³Ý Ïá׳ÏÇ ë³ñù£ íáñ ³ñï³Ñ³Ûï»É. (¹Ý»É) ~ a tax ѳñÏ ¹Ý»É.
pushbike [΄pu∫baik] n ËëÏó. ѻͳÝÇí: ~ a veto ³ñ·»Éù/í»ïá ¹Ý»É. ~ a bandage íÇ-
putative 655 pyramidal

ñ³Ï³å ¹Ý»É. ~ the glass to the lips μ³Å³ÏÁ ɳϻÉ. ~ on the kettle û۳ٳÝÁ ¹Ý»É. ~ on a
ßáõñûñÇÝ Ùáï»óÝ»É. ~ in the paper ûñÃáõÙ play/display Ý»ñϳ۳óáõÙ ¹Ý»É. ~ on a special
ïå»É. ~ goods on the market ³åñ³ÝùÁ bus ѳïáõÏ ³íïáμáõë ïñ³Ù³¹ñ»É. ~ smn
í³×³éùÇ ¹Ý»É. ~ smb (up) in a hotel ÑÛáõ- on to a good doctor ɳí μÅßÏÇ Ùáï ï³Ý»É. ~
ñ³ÝáóáõÙ ï»Õ³íáñ»É. ~ the matter in smb’s out ¹áõñë ï³Ý»É/ѳݻÉ/ùß»É. ~ out the rub-
hands ·áñÍÁ Ù»ÏÇ Ó»éùÁ ï³É. ~ a question bish ³ÕμÁ ¹áõñë ï³Ý»É. ~ out the flags
ѳñó ï³É. ~ the blame on smb Ù»ÕùÁ Ù»ÏÇ ¹ñáßÝ»ñÁ ϳ˻É. ~ out one’s hand Ó»éùÁ
íñ³ ·ó»É. Stay ~ ! âß³ñÅí»°ë. (·Ý³Ñ³ï»É) Ù»ÏÝ»É. ~ out one’s head ·ÉáõËÁ ¹áõñë ѳݻÉ.
~ my friend above smn ÇÙ ÁÝÏ»ñáçÁ ³í»ÉÇ ~ out shoots ÍÇÉ»ñ ³ñӳϻÉ. ~ out one’s arm
μ³ñÓñ ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É. ~ the vase at 100 $ èÁ ¹áõñë ÁÝÏÝ»É. (ѳݷóÝ»É) ~ out the light
ͳÕϳٳÝÁ ѳñÛáõñ ¹áɳñ ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É. ÉáõÛëÁ ѳݷóÝ»É. ~ out a fire Ññ¹»ÑÁ
(Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É) ~ the arguments for and against ѳݷóÝ»É. ~ out a cigarette Í˳ËáïÁ
ûñ ¨ ¹»Ù ÷³ëï³ñÏÝ»ñÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É. ~ ѳݷóÝ»É. ~ out a rumour Éáõñ ï³ñ³Í»É. ~
one’s side of the case Çñ ï»ë³Ï»ïÁ Ý»ñϳ- together ѳí³ù»É. ~ the papers together
Û³óÝ»É. ~ to sea Íáí ¹áõñë ·³É. ~ across ÃÕûñÝ Ç ÙÇ μ»ñ»É/ѳí³ù»É. all ~ together
÷á˳¹ñ»É, ÙÛáõë ÏáÕÙÝ ³ÝóϳóÝ»É. ~ μáÉáñÁ ÙdzëÇÝ í»ñóñ³Í. ~ up μ³ñÓñ³ó-
across a river ·»ïÇ ÙÛáõë ³÷Ý ³ÝóϳóÝ»É. ~ Ý»É. ~ up one’s hand Ó»éùÁ μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É. ~
aside ÙÇ ÏáÕÙ ¹Ý»É. ËݳۻÉ. ~ money aside up sails ³é³·³ëïÝ»ñÁ μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É. ~ up
÷áÕÁ ËݳۻÉ. ~ the book aside ·ÇñùÁ ÙÇ a picture Ýϳñ ϳ˻É. ~ up a wallpaper
ÏáÕÙ ¹Ý»É. ~ away ѳí³ù»É, óùóÝ»É. å³ëï³é»É. ~ up a tent íñ³Ý ¹Ý»É. ~ up
ËëÏó. áõï»É. He could ~ away four plates ܳ prices ·Ý»ñÁ μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É. ~ up for sale í³-
ϳñáÕ ¿ñ Ùdzݷ³ÙÇó ãáñë ³÷ë» áõï»É. ~ ׳éùÇ ¹Ý»É. ~ up for the night ·Çß»ñí³
back ÝáñÇó ï»ÕÁ ¹Ý»É. Ñ»ï³Ó·»É. ~ the ³å³ëï³Ý ï³É. ~ up with ѳٳϻñåí»É,
plate back ³÷ë»Ý Çñ ï»ÕÁ ¹Ý»É. ~ the meet- ѳݹáõñÅ»É:
ing back ÅáÕáíÁ Ñ»ï³Ó·»É. ~ the clock back putative [΄pju:tətiv] a »Ýó¹ñÛ³É:
ųٳóáõÛóÁ Ñ»ï ·ó»É. ~ down ·ñÇ ³éÝ»É. putrefaction [‚pju:tri΄fæk∫n] n Ý»ËáõÙ,
ó³Í ¹Ý»É. ~ down the lecture ¹³ë³Ëá- ÷ïáõÙ:
ëáõÃÛáõÝÁ ·ñÇ ³éÝ»É. ~ down the suitcase putrefy [΄pju:trifai] v ݻ˻É, ÷ï»É, ù³Û-
׳ÙåñáõÏÁ ó³Í ¹Ý»É. ~ down the passengers ù³Ûí»É:
áõÕ¨áñÝ»ñÇÝ Çç»óÝ»É. ~ down a rebellion putrid [΄pju:trid] a ÷ï³Í, ݻ˳Í:
³åëï³ÙμáõÃÛáõÝÁ ×Ýß»É. ~ forward ³é³ç putridity [pju:΄tridəti] ݻ˳ÍáõÃÛáõÝ,
ù³ß»É. ~ forward a theory/proofs ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ/ ³å³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
³å³óáõÛóÝ»ñ ³é³ç ù³ß»É. ~ in ·ó»É, Ù»çÁ putty [΄pΛti] n Ù³ÍáõÏ, Í»÷³Ý:
¹Ý»É. ~ a key in a lock μ³Ý³ÉÇÝ ÏáÕå»ùÇ puzzle [΄pΛzl] n ï³ñ³Ïáõë³Ýù, ß÷áÃáõ-
Ù»ç ¹Ý»É. ~ in a telephone Ñ»é³Ëáë ï»Õ³¹- ÃÛáõÝ. ѳݻÉáõÏ, ·ÉáõËÏáïñáõÏ. His behav-
ñ»É. ~ in a remark ÷Ëμ. ¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ Ù»ç iour is a ~ Üñ³ í³ñù³·ÇÍÁ ѳݻÉáõÏ ¿. a
·ó»É. ~ in time Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ïñ³Ù³¹ñ»É/ crossword ~ ˳ãμ³é:
ͳËë»É. (Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É) ~ in claims/applica- puzzle [΄pΛzl] v ï³ñ³Ïáõë³ÝùÇ Ù»ç ·ó»É.
tion å³Ñ³Ýç/¹ÇÙáõÙ Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É. ~ in for ß÷áûóÝ»É. μ³ñ¹³óÝ»É. It ~d everyone ¸³
a job ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ ¹ÇÙáõÙ Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É. ~ μáÉáñÇÝ ß÷áûóñ»ó. ~ out å³ñ½»É, ÉáõÍ»É.
off Ñ»ï³Ó·»É. ~ the match off ˳ÕÁ Ñ»- ~ over ·ÉáõË Ïáïñ»É áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ íñ³:
ï³Ó·»É. (Ñ»ï å³Ñ»É/ϳݷݻóÝ»É) ~ smb puzzler [΄pΛzlə] n ѳݻÉáõÏ, ·ÉáõËÏáïñáõÏ:
off the idea ÙïùÇó Ñ»ï ϳݷݻóÝ»É. It ~ me puzzling [΄pΛzliŋ] a ß÷áÃáõÃÛ³Ý/ï³ñ³Ïáõ-
off my food ²ËáñųÏë ÷ã³ó³í. ~ off the ë³ÝùÇ Ù»ç ·óáÕ:
light ÉáõÛëÁ ѳݷóÝ»É. ~ on ѳ·Ýí»É, ѳ·- pyjamas [pə΄dзa:məz] n pl ·Çß»ñ³ÛÇÝ
½·»ëï, åÇųٳ:
Ý»É. ~ on ³í»É³óÝ»É. ~ on weight ·Çñ³Ý³É.
~ on airs »ñ¨³Ï³Û»É. ~ on the brakes ³ñ·»-
pyramid [΄pirəmid] n μáõñ·:
pyramidal [pi΄ræmidl] a μñ·³ÝÙ³Ý, μñ·³-
656

Ó¨: quake [kweik] n ¹áÕ. »ñÏñ³ß³ñÅ. The


Q, q [kju:] 1. n ³Ý·É»ñ»Ý ³Ûμáõμ»ÝÇ 16-ñ¹ ground ~d ¶»ïÇÝÁ ë³ë³Ýí»ó.
ï³éÁ: quake [kweik] v ¹áÕ³É, ë³ñëé³É. ~ with fear
quack I [kwæk] n ÏéÝãÛáõÝ. 2. v ÏéÝã³É: í³ËÇó ¹áÕ¹áÕ³É:
quack II [kwæk] n Ñ»ùÇÙ, ˳μ»μ³. a ~ quaker [΄kweikə] n ùí³Ï»ñ (ÏñáݳϳÝ
remedy Ñ»ùÇÙÇ ¹»Õ³ÙÇçáó: ³Õ³Ý¹³íáñ):
quackery [΄kwækəri] n ˳μ»μ³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ, quaky [΄kweiki] a ¹áÕ¹áçáõÝ:
ß³éɳï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: qualification [‚kwɒlifi΄kei∫n] n áñ³Ï³íá-
quad [kwɒd] n ãáñëÝÛ³Ï. ~ density disk ñáõÙ, ³ëïÇ׳Ý, í»ñ³å³ÑáõÙ. ÑÙÏñ·.
ÑÙÏñ·. ×ÏáõÝ ¹ÇëÏ` ù³é³ÏÇ ËïáõÃÛ³Ùμ£ ×ß·ñïáõÙ. paper ~s ¹ÇåÉáÙ. have necessary
quadrangle [΄kwɒdræŋgl] n ù³é³ÝÏÛáõÝÇ. ~s áõÝ»Ý³É ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï áñ³Ï³íáñáõÙ.
ù³é³ÝÏÛáõÝÇ μ³Ï: have all ~s to make a good nurse ³Ù»Ý ³ÝÑñ³-
quadrant [΄kwɒdrənt] n Ù³Ã. ßñç³Ý³·ÍÇ Å»ßï μ³Ý áõÝ»Ý³É É³í μáõÅùáõÛñ ¹³é-
Ù»Ï ù³éáñ¹ Ù³ëÁ: ݳÉáõ ѳٳñ. (ó»Ý½, ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáõÙ) an
quadrate [΄kwɒdreit] n ù³é³ÏáõëÇ. Ù³Ã. age ~ ï³ñÇù³ÛÇÝ ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáõÙ. (í»-
»ñÏñáñ¹ ³ëïÇ׳Ý, ù³é³ÏáõëÇ: ñ³å³ÑáõÙ) without ~ ³Ýí»ñ³å³Ñáñ»Ý.
quadratic [kwɒ΄drætik] a ù³é³ÏáõëÇ. ~ with certain ~s áñáß í»ñ³å³ÑáõÙÝ»ñáí:
equation ù³é³ÏáõëÇ Ñ³í³ë³ñáõÙ: qualified [΄kwɒlifaid] a (μ³ñÓñ) áñ³Ï³íá-
quadrature [΄kwɒdrət∫ə] n ù³é³ÏáõëÇ ñáõÙ áõÝ»óáÕ. ~ engineer ¹ÇåÉáÙ³íáñ ÇÝ-
ٳϻñ»ë. ù³é³Ïáõë³óáõÙ: Żݻñ. highly~ teacher μ³ñÓñ áñ³Ï³íáñáõÙ
quadrilateral [‚kwɒdri΄lætrəl]1. n ù³é³- áõÝ»óáÕ áõëáõóÇã. ~ to vote ÁÝïñ»Éáõ Çñ³-
ÏáÕÙ å³ïÏ»ñ. 2. a ù³é³ÏáÕÙ, ù³é³ÏáÕ- íáõÝù áõݻݳÉ. I’m not ~ to judge ÆÝÓ ãÇ
Ù³ÝÇ: ѳëÝáõÙ ¹³ï»É ³Û¹ Ù³ëÇÝ. (ë³Ñٳݳ-
quadrille [kwə΄dril] n ϳ¹ñÇÉ (å³ñ): ÷³Ï) a ~ success áã ß³ï Ù»Í Ñ³çáÕáõÃÛáõÝ.
quadruped [΄kwɒdruped] n ãáñùáï³ÝÇ: ~ approval ѳí³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ í»ñ³å³ÑáõÙÝ»-
quadruple [΄kwɒdrupl] n ãáñëÏáÕÙ³ÝÇ, ñáí£
ù³é³ÏáÕÙ. ~ alliance ù³é³ÏáÕÙ ¹³ßݳÏ- qualified name [΄kwɒlifaid neim] ÑÙÏñ·.
óáõÃÛáõÝ: μ³Õ³¹ñÛ³É/×ß·ñïí³Í ³ÝáõÝ:
quadruplets [΄kwɒdrupləts] n ãáñë »ñÏ- qualifier [΄kwɒlifaiə] n ÑÙÏñ·. ×ß·ñïÇã.
íáñÛ³ÏÝ»ñ: óáõó³ÝßáÕ μÇÃ:
quadtree [΄kwɒd΄tri:] n ÑÙÏñ·. Ïí³¹ñ³Ýï qualify [΄kwɒlifai] v áñ³Ï³íáñ»É. It doesn’t ~
– ͳé, ãáñë ·ÇÍ Í³é: you ¸³ Ó»½ Çñ³íáõÝù ãÇ ï³ÉÇë. (ã³÷³íá-
quaff [kwɒf] v Ù»Í ÏáõÙ»ñáí/ÙÇ ßÝãáí ËÙ»É: ñ»É, Ù»ÕÙ»É) ~ one’s criticism Ù»ÕÙ»É/ã³÷³-
quag [kwæg], a ׳ÑÇ×, ׳Ñ×áõï: íáñ»É ùÝݳ¹³ïáõÃÛáõÝÁ. I’d like to ~ that
quaggy [΄kwægi] a ׳Ñ×áï, ׳Ñ׳ÛÇÝ: statement Îó³ÝϳݳÛÇ ÙÇ ÷áùñ ×ßï»É ³Û¹
quagmire [΄kwægmaiə] n ׳ÑÇ×, ׳Ñ×áõï: ÙÇïùÁ. He qualified last year ܳ ¹ÇåÉáÙÝ
quail [kweil] n Éáñ: ³ÝóÛ³É ï³ñÇ ¿ ëï³ó»É. ~ for the final Ùñ½.
quail [kweil] v í³Ë»Ý³É, óÝóí»É. My heart ¹áõñë ·³É »½ñ³÷³ÏÇã ÷áõÉ. ~ as a light-
~ed ÆÝÓ ë³ñë³÷ å³ï»ó: weight Ùñ½. ѳݹ»ë ·³É áñå»ë ûè
quaint [kweint] a ³ñï³ëáíáñ, ³Ýëáíáñ. a ù³ß³ÛÇÝ:
~child ï³ñûñÇÝ³Ï »ñ»Ë³. ~ customs qualifying [΄kwɒlifaiiŋ] a áñ³Ï³íáñÙ³Ý. ~
Ñ»ï³ùñùñ³Ï³Ý ëáíáñáõÛÃÝ»ñ: rounds ÁÝïñ³Ï³Ý ÙñóáõÙÝ»ñ. ~ bit ÑÙÏñ·.
qualitative 657 quash

óáõó³ÝßáÕ μÇÃ: quarrelling [΄kwɒrəliŋ] n ÏéÇí, í»×. There


qualitative [΄kwɒlitətiv] a áñ³Ï³- is constant ~ in their house Üñ³Ýó ï³ÝÁ ³Ý-
ϳÝ: Áݹѳï í»× ϳ:
qualit/y [΄kwɒləti] n áñ³Ï. ï»ë³Ï. high/poor quarrelsome [΄kwɒrəlsəm] a Ïéí³ñ³ñ. The
~ μ³ñÓñ/í³ï áñ³Ï. high/low ~ goods children are very ~ ºñ»Ë³Ý»ñÝ ³ÝÁݹѳï
μ³ñÓñ/ ó³Íñ, í³ï áñ³ÏÇ ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñ. ÏéíáõÙ »Ý:
good/ high ~ cloth μ³ñÓñáñ³Ï ·áñÍí³Íù. quarry I [΄kwɒri] n ù³ñѳÝù (ݳ¨ stone ~).
improve/guarantee the ~ of ɳí³óÝ»É/ ³å³- ÷Ëμ. ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛ³Ý ³ÕμÛáõñ:
Ñáí»É áñ³ÏÁ. rare/particular ~ ѳ½í³·Ûáõï/ quarry II [΄kwɒri] n áñë, Ñ»ï³åݹíáÕ
ѳïáõÏ Ñ³ïϳÝÇß. ~ stamp áñ³Ï³ÝÇß. ϻݹ³ÝÇ. ÷Ëμ. ϳÝËáñáßí³Í ½áÑ:
(³ñÅ»ù, ³ñųÝÇù) moral ~ ies μ³ñáÛ³Ï³Ý quarry [΄kwɒri] v ù³ñѳÝùÁ ߳ѳ·áñÍ»É.
³ñÅ»ùÝ»ñ. personal~ies ³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý ³ñų- ~ marble Ù³ñÙ³ñ ѳݻɣ
ÝÇùÝ»ñ: quart [΄kwɔ:t] n Ïí³ñï (²Øܪ 0, 95 ÉÇïñ.
qualm [kwa:m] n í³ñ³ÝÙáõÝù, ï³ï³ÝáõÙ. ²Ý·Édzª 1, 14 ÉÇïñ):
have ~s about smth ï³ï³Ýí»É ÙÇ μ³ÝÇ quarter [΄kwɔ:tə] n ù³éáñ¹, ù³éáñ¹³Ù³ë.
ϳå³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ùμ. ~s of conscience ËÕ×Ç a ~ of the price ·ÝÇ Ù»Ï ù³éáñ¹Á. divide into
˳ÛÃ: ~s ãáñë Ù³ë»ñÇ μ³Å³Ý»É. (ųٳݳÏ) a~ to
quandary [΄kwɒndəri] n ï³ñ³Ïáõë³Ýù, one Ù»ÏÇó ù³éáñ¹ å³Ï³ë. The moon is in
¹Åí³ñÇÝ Ï³óáõÃÛáõÝ. be in a ~ ï³ñ³- its last ~ ÈáõëÝÝ Çñ í»ñçÇÝ ù³éáñ¹áõÙ ¿.
Ïáõë»É, ¹Åí³ñÇÝ Ï³óáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É. help (óճٳë, óÕ) Chinese ~ ãÇÝ³Ï³Ý Ã³-
smn out of a ~ û·Ý»É Ù»ÏÇÝ ¹Åí³ñ ϳ- Õ³Ù³ë. from every ~ ï³ñμ»ñ óջ-
óáõÃÛ³Ý å³ÑÇÝ: ñÇó/ÏáÕÙ»ñÇó. from no ~ áã ÙÇ ï»-
quantitative [΄kwɒntitətiv] a ù³Ý³Ï³Ï³Ý: ÕÇó/ÏáÕÙÇó. at close ~s Ùáï»ñùáõÙ. come to
quantit/y [΄kwɒntəti] n ù³Ý³Ï. Ù»Í ù³Ý³- close ~s ÷Ëμ. í»×Ç μéÝí»É. apply to the right
ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. negligible ~ ³ÝÝß³Ý Ù»ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ ¹ÇÙ»É áõñ ѳñÏÝ ¿. in the highest ~ μ³ñÓñ
÷Ëμ. ³ÝÝß³Ý Ù³ñ¹. unknown ~ Ù³Ã. ³Ý- ßñç³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ. ~s (ݳ¨ living ~s) μݳ-
ѳÛïÁ (Ù»ÍáõÃÛáõÝ) transition from ~ to qual- ϳñ³Ý, ϳó³ñ³Ý. move to new ~s Ýáñ
ity ÷ÇÉ. ³ÝóáõÙ ù³Ý³Ï³Ï³Ý ÷á÷áËáõ- μݳϳñ³Ý ï»Õ³÷áËí»É. live in cramped
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó áñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝÝ»- ~s Ý»Õí³ÍùÇ Ù»ç ³åñ»É. winter ~s é½Ù.
ñÇ. in large ~ies Ù»Í ã³÷»ñáí. a known ~ ÓÙ»é³ÛÇÝ ½áñ³μݳϳï»Õ/ϳ۳Ý. give no
ïíÛ³É Ù»ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ. He is a bit of unknown ~ ~ ãËݳۻÉ. hind ~s (³Ý³ëáõÝÇ) Ñ»ï¨Ç
÷Ëμ., ËëÏó. гÛïÝÇ ã¿, û ÇÝã Ù³ñ¹ ¿ ݳ. Ù³ëÁ. ~ final Ùñ½. ù³éáñ¹ »½ñ³÷³ÏÇã.
the ~ of a syllable É»½í. í³ÝÏÇ »ñϳñáõ- reach the ~(s) ù³éáñ¹ »½ñ³÷³ÏÇã ¹áõñë
ÃÛáõÝÁ: ·³É:
quantum [΄kwɒntəm] n ù³Ý³Ï, ·áõÙ³ñ. quarter [΄kwɔ:tə] v ãáñë Ù³ëÇ μ³Å³Ý»É. ~
ýǽ. ùí³Ýï. ~ theory ùí³Ýï³ÛÇÝ ï»ëáõ- the troops in the town é½Ù. ½áñù»ñÁ
ÃÛáõÝ: ù³Õ³ùáõÙ ï»Õ³íáñ»É/μݳϻóÝ»É:
quarantine [΄kwɒrənti:n] n ϳñ³ÝïÇÝ. put quarterly [΄kwɔ:təli] 1. n ï³ñÇÝ ãáñë ³Ý-
in ~ ϳñ³ÝïÇÝÇ »ÝóñÏ»É. be/keep in ~ ·³Ù ÉáõÛë ï»ëÝáÕ å³ñμ»ñ³Ï³Ý. 2. a.
ϳñ³ÝïÇÝÇ Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É/å³Ñ»É: »é³ÙëÛ³. 3. adv »ñ»ù ³ÙÇëÁ Ù»Ï:
quarrel [΄kwɒrəl] n í»×, ÏéÇí. have a ~ quartermaster [΄kwɔ:tə‚ma:stə] n é½Ù.
íÇ×»É. pick a ~ ÏéíÇ ³éÇà ÷Ýïñ»É. have no ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý Ù³ëÇ å»ï. μݳϳñ³Ý³-
~ with the statement ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ å»ï:
ãÅËï»É (ѳٳӳÛÝ ÉÇÝ»É)£ quartet(te) [kwɔ:΄tet] n »ñÅß. ù³éÛ³Ï,
quarrel [΄kwɒrəl] v íÇ×»É, Ïéí»É. ~ about/ Ïí³ñï»ï:
over (money) íÇ×»É (÷áÕÇ) ѳٳñ. ~ about quartz [kwɔ:ts] n ÑÝù. Ïí³ñó:
which way to choose íÇ׻ɪ áñ áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ quash [kwɒ∫] v áãÝã³óÝ»É, ã»ÕÛ³É Ñ³Ûï³-
ÁÝïñ»É: ñ³ñ»É.. ~ a verdict Çñ³í. ¹³ï³í×ÇéÁ ã»Õ-
quasi 658 quick

Û³É Ñ³Ù³ñ»É: ë³÷»É. (ËݹÇñ, åñáμÉ»Ù) a topical/pressing


quasi [΄kweizai] adv ϳñÍ»ë û, ·ñ»Ã», ~ Ññ³ï³å/³ÝÑ»ï³Ó·»ÉÇ ËݹÇñ. bring up
ѳٳñÛ³: the ~ ËݹÇñ μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É. that’s the ~ ³Ñ³
quaver [΄kweivə] n Ó³ÛÝÇ ¹áÕ³ÉÁ, ¹³ÛɳÛÉ: û ÇÝãÝ ¿ ËݹÇñÁ/μ³ÝÁ. out of the ~ Ëáëù ãÇ
quavery [΄kweivəri] a ¹áÕ³óáÕ, ÃñÃéáõÝ, ϳñáÕ ÉÇÝ»É. a matter in ~ ùÝݳñÏíáÕ
»ñ»ñáõÝ: ËݹÇñ. no longer in ~ ³Ûɨë ËݹÇñ ãϳ. set-
quay [ki:] n Íáí³å³ïÝ»ß, ݳí³Ù³ïáõÛó: tle a ~ ËݹÇñÁ/ѳñóÁ ÉáõÍ»É. a person in ~
queasiness [΄kw:zinis] n ëñï˳éÝáó: ùÝݳñÏíáÕ ³ÝÓÁ. (ϳëϳÍ) beyond/out
queasy [΄kwi:zi] a ëñï˳éÝÇã. feel ~ ëÇñïÁ of/without ~ ϳϳÍÇó ¹áõñë, ³ÝϳëϳÍ.
˳éÝ»É, í³ï ½·³É: call smth in ~ ϳëϳÍÇ ï³Ï ¹Ý»É:
queek [kwi:k] v ϳÝã»É, ÏéÝã³É (μáõÝ): question [΄kwest∫ən] v ѳñó ï³É, ѳñóÝ»É.
queen [kwi:n] n ó·áõÑÇ. (Ù»ÕáõÝ»ñÇ) å³ñ- Çñ³í. ѳñó³ùÝÝ»É. ~ closely Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ
ë³Ù³Ûñ. ÃÕÃË. ³ÕçÇÏ: ѳñó³ùÝÝ»É. (ϳëϳÍÇ ï³Ï ³éÝ»É) ~ the
queenly [΄kwi:nli] a ó·áõÑáõ å»ë, ó·áõ- truth of ϳëÏ³Í»É ÙÇ μ³ÝÇ ×ßÙ³ñïáõ-
ÑáõÝ í³Û»É: ÃÛ³ÝÁ. ~ the expence ϳëϳÍÇ ï³Ï ¹Ý»É
queer [kwiə] a ï³ñûñÇݳÏ, ûï³ñáïÇ. a ~ ͳËë»ñÁ:
person/fish ï³ñûñÇÝ³Ï ³ÝÓݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ. questionable [΄kwest∫ənəbl] a ϳëϳͻÉÇ,
~ in the head ͳÉÁ å³Ï³ë. a ~ sort of busi- íÇ×»ÉÇ. His experience is ~ Üñ³ ÷áñÓÁ
ness ϳëϳͻÉÇ ·áñÍ: ϳëϳͻÉÇ ¿:
quell [kwel] v ×Ýß»É, ÁÝÏ×»É. ˻չ»É (í³ËÁ): questioning [΄kwest∫əniŋ] n ѳñó³ùÝÝáõÙ.
quench [kwent∫] v Ù³ñ»É, ѳݷóÝ»É. ѳ- The police called them in for ~ àëïÇ-
·»óÝ»É. ~ the fire Ññ¹»ÑÁ ѳݷóÝ»É. ~ one’s ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ϳÝã»ó Ýñ³Ýó ѳñ-
thirst ͳñ³íÁ ѳ·»óÝ»É. ÷Ëμ. ½ëå»É, ó³ùÝÝáõÃÛ³Ý. counter ~ ˳ã³Ó¨ ѳñó³-
˻չ»É (½·³óÙáõÝùÁ) ~ one’s ardour ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
»é³Ý¹Á ½ëå»É: questionless [΄kwest∫ənləs]1. a ³ÝϳëϳÍ,
quenchless [΄kwent∫ləs] a ³ÝÙ³ñ, ³Ýß»ç, ³ÝíÇ×»ÉÇ. 2. adv ³ÝϳëϳÍ:
³Ýѳ·: question-mark [΄kwest∫ənma:k] n ѳñó³-
querulous [΄kweruləs] a ¹Å·áÑ, ¹Ûáõñ³- Ï³Ý Ýß³Ý:
μáñμáù. ùٳѳ×. ~ old man ¹Å·áÑ, ùÙ³- questionnaire [‚kwestə΄neə] n ѳñó³Ã»ñ-
Ñ³× Í»ñáõÏ. a ~ child ùÙ³Ñ³× »ñ»Ë³: ÃÇÏ, ѳñó³ñ³Ý:
query I [΄kwiəri] n ѳñó, ϳëϳÍ, ѳñó³- queue [kju:] n Ñ»ñÃ. stand in a / join/ jump the
Ï³Ý Ýß³Ý. Put a ~ against it ¸ñ³ ¹ÇÙ³ó ~ Ñ»ñà ϳݷݻÉ. ³é³Ýó Ñ»ñà ÙïÝ»É.
ѳñó³Ï³Ý Ýß³Ý ¹Çñ. There is a ~ γëÏ³Í ÑÙÏñ·. ~ discipline Ñ»ñÃÇ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÙ,
ϳ. raise a ~ about ѳñóÇ ï³Ï ¹Ý»É£ åɳݳíáñÙ³Ý ³É·áñÇÃÙ:
query II [΄kwiəri] n ÑÙÏñ·. ѳñóáõÙ ~ facili- queue [kju:] v Ñ»ñà ϳݷݻÉ:
ties ѳñóÙ³Ý/÷ÝïñÙ³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ. ~ lan- queuing theory [΄kju:iŋ ΄θiəri] ½³Ý·í³-
guage ѳñóáõÙÝ»ñÇ É»½áõ. ~ by example, ͳÛÇÝ ëå³ë³ñÏÙ³Ý ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ:
QPE ѳñóáõÙ Áëï ûñÇݳÏÇ: quibble [΄kwibl] n Ëáõë³÷áõÙ, ß»ÕáõÙ
query [΄kwiəri] v ϳëϳͻÉ, ϳëϳÍÇ ï³Ï (ѳñóÇó):
³éÝ»É. ~ one’s honesty ϳëϳÍÇ ï³Ï ³éÝ»É quibble [΄kwibl] v íÇ×»É ãÝãÇÝ μ³Ý»ñÇ Ñ³-
Ù»ÏÇ ³½ÝíáõÃÛáõÝÁ. ~ the bill ϳëÏ³Í»É Ù³ñ. Don’t ~ ØÇ° íÇ×»ù (¹³ï³ñÏ μ³Ý»ñÇ
ѳßíÇ ×ßïáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³: ѳٳñ):
quest [kwest] n áñáÝáõÙÝ»ñ. ÷Ýïñïáõù. in quick [kwik] n ½·³ÛáõÝ ï»Õ. cut to the ~
~ of ÙÇ μ³Ý ÷Ýïñ»ÉÇë: ë³ëïÇÏ íÇñ³íáñ»É. to the ~ ÙÇÝ㨠áõÕÝ áõ
question [΄kwest∫ən] n ѳñó. put, ask/answer ÍáõÍÁ. the ~ and the dead ϻݹ³ÝÇÝ»ñÝ áõ
a ~ ѳñó ï³É, ѳñóÇÝ å³ï³ë˳ݻÉ. a Ù»é³ÍÝ»ñÁ:
leading ~ ÑáõßáÕ Ñ³ñó. poignant ~ ëáõñ/ó³- quick [kwik] a ³ñ³·, ³ñ³·³ß³ñÅ. be ~
íáï ѳñó. parry a ~ å³ï³ë˳ÝÇó Ëáõ- ßï³å»É. at a ~ pace ³ñ³· ù³ÛÉ»ñáí. ~ serv-
quick-acting 659 quintuple

ice ³ñ³· ëå³ë³ñÏáõÙ. ~ as a flash ϳÛ- corner Ë³Õ³Õ ³ÝÏÛáõÝ. in a ~ voice ѳÝ-
ͳÏݳÛÇÝ ³ñ³·áõÃÛ³Ùμ. in ~ succession ¹³ñï Ó³ÛÝáí. Anything for a ~ life ! ²Ù»Ý
Çñ³ñ Ñ»ï¨Çó. have a ~ one ËëÏó. ÙÇ ùÇã ÇÝã Ïï³ÛÇ Ñ³Ý·Çëï ³åñ»Éáõ ѳٳñ. ~
ËÙ»É. (ëáõñ, áõßÇÙ) a ~ eye/ear ëáõñ ³ãù, colours ѳݷÇëï/áã í³é ·áõÛÝ»ñ. a ~ wed-
Ýáõñμ ÉëáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. have a ~ wit áõßÇÙ/ ding ѳٻëï ѳñë³ÝÇù. ~ irony Ýáõñμ Ñ»·-
ëñ³ÙÇï ÉÇÝ»É. ~ with one’s hands ÑÙáõï ݳÝù. Business is ~ ¶áñÍ»ñáõÙ ³Ý¹áññ ¿
Ó»éù»ñ áõݻݳÉ. ~ to anger ßáõï ½³Ûñ³Ý³É. ïÇñáõÙ. (·³ÕïÝÇ) on the ~ ·³ÕïÝÇ. He did
You are too ~ for me â³÷³½³Ýó ³ñ³· it on the ~ ܳ ¹³ ·³ÕïÝÇ(³μ³ñ) ³ñ»ó.
»ù ËáëáõÙ. be ~ off the mark ¹Ûáõñ³ß³ñÅ keep ~ Éé»É, ãËáë»É (³Û¹ Ù³ëÇÝ). Keep ~ !
ÉÇÝ»É: ÈéáõÃÛáõÝ, â³ÕÙÏ»É. keep ~ about smth
quick-acting [kwik ΄æktiŋ] a ³ñ³· ·áñ- ·³ÕïÝÇ å³Ñ»É:
ÍáÕ: quiet(en) [΄kwaiət(n)] v ѳݷëï³óÝ»É,
quicken [΄kwikən] v ³ñ³·³Ý³É, ³ñ³·³ó- ѳݹ³ñï»óÝ»É. ѳݹ³ñïí»É, ѳݷëï³-
Ý»É. ~ the pace ù³ÛÉ»ñÝ ³ñ³·³óÝ»É. The ݳÉ. ~ a child »ñ»Ë³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ý·ëï³óÝ»É. His
pace ~ed î»ÙåÝ ³ñ³·³ó³í: anger ~ed down Üñ³ ½³ÛñáõÛÃÁ ѳÝ-
quickie [΄kwiki] n ËëÏó. ³ñ³· ËÙ»ÉÇù. ¹³ñïí»ó. ~ one’s fears ϳëϳÍÝ»ñÁ
There is time for a ~ ²ñ³· ËÙ»Éáõ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï óñ»É. The wind ~ed down ø³ÙÇÝ Ñ³Ý¹³ñï-
ϳ: í»ó:
quicklime [΄kwiklaim] n ãѳݷ³Í/ãÙ³ñ³Í quietly [΄kwaiətli] adv ѳݹ³ñï Ï»ñåáí.
ÏÇñ: ѳݹ³ñïáñ»Ý, ³Ý³ÕÙáõÏ. enter ~ ³Ý³Õ-
quickly [΄kwikli] adv ³ñ³·áñ»Ý, ³ñ³·áõ- ÙáõÏ ÙïÝ»É. dress ~ å³ñ½/ѳٻëï ѳ·Ý-
ÃÛ³Ùμ: í»É. dine ~ ѳݷÇëï/Ë³Õ³Õ ×³ß»É:
quickness [΄kwiknəs] n ³ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝ. ~ of quietness [΄kwaiətnəs] n, quietude n ѳݷÁë-
mind ÙïùÇ ³ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝ, áõßÇÙáõÃÛáõÝ: ïáõÃÛáõÝ, ÉéáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ý¹áññáõÃÛáõÝ:
quicksand [΄kwiksænd] n »ñ»ñáõÝ/ß³ñÅíáÕ quill [kwil] n ÃéãáõÝÇ ÷»ïáõñ. ÷»ïáõñ,
³í³½: ·ñÇã. drive a ~ ·ñáÕ ÉÇÝ»É, ·ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ
quickset [΄kwikset] n ¹³É³ñ ó³Ýϳå³ï: ½μ³Õí»É. ~ driver ÏïÏ. ÃáõÕà ÙñáïáÕ,
quicksilver [΄kwik‚silvə] n ëݹÇÏ: ·ñã³Ï:
quickstep [΄kwik‚step] n ùíÇÏëû÷ (å³ñ). quilt [kwilt] n ÷»ïáõñ» í»ñÙ³Ï/Ý»ñùݳÏ.
½ÇÝí. ³ñ³· ù³ÛÉ: Ù·¹³Ï³Í í»ñÙ³Ï:
quick-tempered [‚kwik΄tempəd] a ³ñ³·/ quilted [΄kwiltid] a Ù·¹³Ï³Í. ~ jacket
ßáõï μéÝÏíáÕ: Ù·¹³Ï³Í μ³Ùμ³Ï³μ³×ÏáÝ:
quick-witted [‚kwik΄witid] a ˻ɳÙÇï, quin binary [΄kwin ΄bainəri] ÑÙÏñ·.
Ñݳñ³ÙÇï, áõßÇÙ: ÑÝ·³ÏÇ-»ñϳÏÇ:
quid [kwid] n ËëÏó. Í˳Ëáïª Í³Ù»Éáõ quince [kwins] n ë»ñϨÇÉ (ͳéÁ ¨
ѳٳñ. ýáõÝï ëï»ñÉÇÝ·: åïáõÕÁ):
quiddity [΄kwidəti] n ¿áõÃÛáõÝ. ëá÷»ëïáõ- quincentenary [‚kwinsen΄ti:nəri] n ÑÇÝ·-
ÃÛáõÝ: ѳñÛáõñ³ÙÛ³Ï:
quiescence [kwi΄esns] n ѳݷëïáõÃÛáõÝ, quinine [kwi΄ni:n] n ËÇÝÇÝ/ùÇÝÇÝ, ùÇݳ-
³Ý¹áññáõÃÛáõÝ: ùÇݳ:
quiescent [kwi΄esnt] a ѳݷÇëï, ³Ý¹áñ- quinsy [΄kwinzi] n ³Ý·Çݳ/μϳμáñμ, Ïá-
ñ³í»ï, ÷Ëμ. ³Ý·áñÍáõÝÛ³: Ïáñ¹³ó³í:
quiet [΄kwaiət] n ѳݷÇëï, ³Ý¹áññ, Ééáõ- quint [kint] n »ñÅß. ÏíÇÝï³:
ÃÛáõÝ. the ~ of the night ·Çß»ñí³ ³Ý¹áññÁ. quintal [΄kwintl] n ó»ÝïÝ»ñ:
on the ~ ³Ý¹áññáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç: quintessence [kwin΄tesns] n μáõÝ ¿áõÃÛáõÝ,
quiet [΄kwaiət] a Éáõé, ³Ý³ÕÙáõÏ.ѳݷÇëï, ÏíÇÝï»ë»Ýódz:
˳ճÕ. a ~ town/temperament ѳݷÇëï quintet [kwin΄tet] n »ñÅß. ÏíÇÝï»ï,
ù³Õ³ù/˳éÝí³Íù. μݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ ÑÝ·Û³Ï:
quip 660 quotient

quintuple [΄kwintjupl] a ÑÝ·³å³ïÇÏ, Ñáõ½ÙáõÝùÇó/íñ¹áíÙáõÝùÇó ¹áÕ³É:


ÑÇÝ· Ù³ëÇó μ³Õϳó³Í: ~s ÑÝ·Û³Ï »ñÏ- quivive [‚ki:΄vi:v] n on the ~ ½·³ëï,
íáñÛ³Ï: ½·áõÛß:
quip [kwip] n ÏÍáõ ͳÕñ, Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏáõ- quixotic [kwik΄sɒtik] a ¹áÝùÇßáï³ÛÇÝ:
ÃÛáõÝ: quiz [kwiz] n ·Çï»ÉÇùÝ»ñÇ ëïáõ·áõÙ, ѳñ-
quire [΄kwaiə] n ÙÇ Ó»éù/ϳå (¹³ëï³) óáõÙ. íÇÏïáñÇݳ, ѳݻÉáõϳ˳Õ. midterm
ÃáõÕÃ, ãϳ½Ùí³Í ·Çñù: ~ ÏÇë³Ù۳ϳÛÇÝ ÙÇç³ÝÏÛ³É ëïáõ·áõÙ. I
quirk [kwə:k] n ùٳѳ×áõÛù, ï³ñûñÇݳ- ~zed him about his work ºë Ýñ³Ý ѳñóñÇ Çñ
ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. μ³é³Ë³Õ. He has his ~s ܳ Çñ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ Ù³ëÇÝ:
ï³ñûñÇݳÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÝ áõÝÇ. ~s of fate quizical [΄kwizikl] a ͳÕñáÕ, ϳï³Ï³-
μ³ËïÇ ùٳѳ×áõÛù: ÛÇÝ. ï³ñûñÇݳÏ. a ~ look ͳÕñ³Ï³Ý
quit [kwit] n ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÇó Ñ»é³Ý³ÉÁ, ѳ۳óù:
³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ ÃáÕÝ»ÉÁ: quod [kwɒd] 1. n μ³Ýï. 2. v μ³Ýï Ýëï»ó-
quit [kwit] a ³½³ïí³Í. be/get ~ed of Ý»É:
³½³ïí»É, ûÓÇùÝ ³½³ï»É. We are well ~ed quoit [kɔit] n Ý»ïÙ³Ý ßñç³Ý³Ï. play ~s
of him Üñ³ÝÇó ɳí åñͳÝù: ßñç³Ý³Ï Ý»ï»É:
quit [kwit] v ÃáÕÝ»É, ³í³ñï»É, ¹³¹³ñ»ó- quorum [΄kwɔ:rəm] n ùíáñáõÙ, Çñ³í³½áñ
Ý»É. ~ London Ñ»é³Ý³É ÈáݹáÝÇó. ~ one’s ϳ½Ù:
job ³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ ÃáÕÝ»É/¹³¹³ñ»óÝ»É. ~ quota [΄kwəutə] n ë³ÑÙ³Ýí³Í ã³÷, ã³-
the house/ flat (ëïÇåí³Í) ÃáÕÝ»É μݳϳ- ÷³μ³ÅÇÝ. ùíáï³. ÝáñÙ³:
ñ³ÝÁ/ïáõÝÁ. ~ fooling ÑÇÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ quotation [kwəu΄tei∫n] n ù³Õí³Íù,
í»ñç ï³É. notice to ~ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ ³½³ï- Ù»çμ»ñáõÙ a ~ from Byron Ù»çμ»ñáõÙ
Ù³Ý Í³ÝáõóáõÙ. Death ~s all scores سÑÁ ´³ÛñáÝÇó. (·Ý³ÝßáõÙ, ³ñÅ»·ÇÝ) a ~ for
¹³¹³ñ»óÝáõÙ ¿ μáÉáñ ѳßÇíÝ»ñÁ: this work ³Ûë ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ ³ñÅ»ùÁ/³ñÅ»-
quitclaim [΄kwitkleim] 1. n Ññ³Å³ñáõÙ ·ÇÝÁ:
Çñ³íáõÝùÇó. 2. v Çñ³íáõÝùÇó Ññ³Å³ñí»É: quotation-marks [kwəu΄tei∫nma:ks] n
quite [kwait] adv ³ÙμáÕçáíÇÝ. Ùdzݷ³- ã³Ï»ñïÝ»ñ:
Ù³ÛÝ. μáÉáñáíÇÝ, ÉñÇí. ~ new μáÉáñáíÇÝ quote [kwəut] n Ù»çμ»ñáõÙ, óÇï³ï. ~s ã³-
Ýáñ. ~ right Ùdzݷ³Ù³ÛÝ ×Çßï. ~ enough Ï»ñïÝ»ñ. start of ~s ã³Ï»ñïÝ»ñÇ ëÏǽμÁ/
ÉñÇí μ³í³Ï³Ý. ~ hot/late μ³í³Ï³Ý μ³ó»É. end of ~s ã³Ï»ñïÝ»ñÇ í»ñçÁ/÷³-
ßá·/áõß. Q~ so! ÖÇßï ³Û¹å»ë. ~ another mat- Ï»ÉÁ:
ter μáÉáñáíÇÝ ³ÛÉ μ³Ý. ~ sure ÉñÇí ѳÙá½- quote [kwəut] v Ù»çμ»ñáõÙ ³Ý»É. óÇï»É. ~
í³Í. I don’t ~ know êïáõÛ· ã·Çï»Ù, гÙá½- from Terian î»ñÛ³ÝÇó Ù»çμ»ñáõÙ ³Ý»É. ~ the
í³Í ã»Ù. He’s ~ a lad ! ËëÏó. ²°Û ù»½ ïÕ³. example of Napoleon ܳåáÉ»áÝÇÝ ûñÇݳÏ
That was ~ a party ! ²°Û ë³ ËÝçáõÛù ¿ñ: μ»ñ»É. ~ the reference number Ýᯐ ï»Õ»-
quits [kwits] a ùíÇï. be ~ ùíÇï ÉÇÝ»É. ϳïáõ ѳٳñÁ. ~ the price ·ÇÝÁ/ ³ñÅ»ùÁ
ѳßÇíÝ»ñÁ ÷³Ï»É (Çñ³ñ Ñ»ï). Now we are Ýß»É:
~s with him ÐÇÙ³ Ù»Ýù Ýñ³ Ñ»ï ѳí³- quoted string [΄kwəutid ΄striŋ] ÑÙÏñ·.
ë³ñ³Ñ³ßÇí/ùíÇï »Õ³Ýù: ÏáÕ³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ëï³ïáõÝ:
quittance [΄kwitns] n ³Ý¹áññ³·Çñ, ѳïáõ- quoth [kwəuθ] v ÑÝó. ³ë³ó, ³ë³óÇ:
óáõÙ, ÷áËѳïáõóáõÙ: quotidian [kwəu΄tidiən] a ³Ù»ÝûñÛ³. ³Ý-
quitter [΄kwitə] n ËëÏó. Çñ ·áñÍÁ Ñ»ßïáõ- ѳÙ, ï³÷³Ï:
ÃÛ³Ùμ ÉùáÕ Ù³ñ¹£ quotient [΄kwəu∫nt] n Ù³Ã. ù³Ýáñ¹. intelli-
quiver [΄kwivə]1. n ¹áÕ, »ñ»ñáõÙ, ë³ñëáõé. gence ~ IQ Ùï³íáñ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý/Ñݳñ³íá-
2. v ÃñÃé³É. ¹áÕ³É, ¹áÕ¹nÕ³É. ~ with ex- ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ·áñͳÏÇó:
c i t e m e n t / i n d i g n a t i o n
661

R
å³ï³Ñ³ñÇ í³ÛñÁ:
R, r [a:] ³Ý·É»ñ»Ý ³Ûμáõμ»ÝÇ 17-ñ¹ ï³éÁ. racecourse [΄reiskɔ:s] n í³½ùáõÕÇ. Ódzñ-
The three R’s Reading, (W)riting, (a)rithmetic. ß³í³ñ³Ý:
ËëÏó. ϳñ¹³ÉÁ, ·ñ»ÉÁ, ѳßí»ÉÁ. áñå»ë racehorse [΄reishɔ:s] n ³ñß³í³ÓÇ, í³ñ·³-
ï³ññ³Ï³Ý ÏñÃáõÃÛ³Ý ÑÇÙù: ÓÇ:
rabbet [΄ræbit] n ÷áñ³Ï, ³ÏáëÇÏ, racer [΄reisə] n Ùñó³ñß³íÇ Ù³ëݳÏÇó (ÓÇ,
Ïïñí³Íù: Ù»ù»Ý³, Ù³ÏáõÛÏ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ):
rabbit [΄ræbit] n ׳·³ñ. ÷Ëμ. í³ËÏáï/ racial [΄rei∫l] a é³ë³Û³Ï³Ý. ~ hatred/discrim-
»ñÏãáï Ù³ñ¹. ~ burrow/hutch ׳·³ñÇ μáõÝ. ination é³ë³Û³Ï³Ý ³ï»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ/ Ëïñ³-
׳·³ñ³Ýáó. μáõͳñ³Ý. ~ warrin ׳·³- ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
ñ³μáõͳñ³Ý: racialist [΄rei∫əlist] n é³ëÇëï. é³ëǽÙÇ
rabble [΄ræbl] n ³ÙμáË μ³½ÙáõÃÛáõÝ. the ~ ÏáÕÙݳÏÇó:
ËáõųÝ, ˳ųÙáõÅ, ˳éݳÙμáË:
racing [΄reisiŋ]1. n Ùñó³ñß³í. motor ~
³íïáÙñó³ñß³í. 2. a Ùñó³ñß³í³ÛÇÝ. a ~
rabid [΄ræbid] a ϳï³ÕÇ, ÙáÉ»·ÇÝ, ·³½³-
car/yacht/driver Ùñó³ñß³í³ÛÇÝ Ù»ù»Ý³/
½³Í:
Ù³ÏáõÛÏ. Ùñó³ñß³íáñ¹:
rabidity [ræ΄bidəti] n ϳï³ÕáõÃÛáõÝ,
ÙáÉ»·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
rack I [ræk] n ϳËÇã, ϳ˳ñ³Ý.
Ï»ñ³Ù³Ý, Ùëáõñ. ¹³ñ³Ï, ó³Ýó Çñ»ñÁ
rabies [΄reibi:z] n μÅßÏ. çñí³ËáõÃÛáõÝ, ï»Õ³íáñ»Éáõ ѳٳñ (ݳ¨ luggage ~). bot-
ϳï³ÕáõÃÛáõÝ:
tle ~ ßß»ñÇ ¹³ñ³Ï. (ï³Ýç³Ýù,
race I [reis] n í³½ù, ³ñß³í. Ùñ½. Ùñó³- ã³ñã³ñ³Ýù) be on the ~ ï³Ýçí»É,
í³½ù, Ùñó³ñß³í. horse ~(s)Ódzñß³í. ob-
ã³ñã³ñí»É. put to the ~ ï³Ýç»É. ã³ñã³ñ»É:
stacle ~s ³ñ·»É³ñß³í. a boat/bicycle ~s
rack II [ræk] n ÏáñͳÝáõÙ, Ëáñï³ÏáõÙ. go
ݳí³ÏÝ»ñÇ/ѻͳÝí³ÛÇÝ Ùñó³ñß³í. start a
to ~ and ruin ÏáñͳÝí»É, ëݳÝϳݳÉ:
~ Ùñó³ñß³í ëÏë»É. run a ~ Ùñó³ñß³íÇÝ
racket [΄rækit] n Ùñ½. ó³Ýó³ÃÇ, é³Ï»ï:
Ù³ëݳÏó»É. lose/win the ~ å³ñï-
racket [΄rækit] n ³ÕÙáõÏ, ÅËáñ. make a terri-
í»É/ѳÕÃ»É Ùñó³ñß³íáõÙ. relay ~ ¿ë- ble ~ ³Ñ³íáñ ³ÕÙáõÏ μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É. the ~ of
ï³ý»ï. a ~ meeting Ódzñß³í. ~ track city life ù³Õ³ù³ÛÇÝ ÏÛ³ÝùÇ ÑñÙßïáó/
í³½ùáõÕÇ. ÙñóáõÕÇ. arms ~ ÷Ëμ., ËëÏó. »éáõ½»é. (μéݳßáñÃáõÙ, Ïáñ½áõÙ, ˳μ»áõ-
ëå³é³½ÇÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ùñó³í³½ù. (³ñ³· ÃÛáõÝ, ˳ñ¹³ËáõÃÛáõÝ) business ~ ßáñÃáõÙ
í³½ù) a ~ for the tram ³ñ³· í³½ù ·áñͳï»ñÇó. It’s a ~ ! ¸³ Ù³ùáõñ Ã³É³Ý ¿.
ïñ³Ùí³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ëÝ»Éáõ ѳٳñ: the drug ~ ÃÙñ³¹»Õ»ñÇ ³é¨ïáõñ:
race II [reis] 1. n é³ë³, ó»Õ. the human ~ racketeer [‚rækə΄tiə] n ßáñÃÇã, ˳ñ¹³Ë:
Ù³ñ¹Ï³ÛÇÝ ó»ÕÁ, Ù³ñ¹ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ. different racketeering [‚rækə΄tiəriŋ] n ßáñÃáõÙ,
African ~s ï³ñμ»ñ ³ýñÇÏÛ³Ý ó»Õ»ñ. 2. a ݻݷ³ßáñÃáõÃÛáõÝ:
é³ë³Û³Ï³Ý ~ discrimination é³ë³Û³Ï³Ý rackety [΄rækəti] a ³ÕÙÏáï/³Ýϳñ·/ßí³Ûï
Ëïñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ hatred é³ë³Û³- ÏÛ³Ýù í³ñáÕ:
ϳÝ/³½·³ÛÇÝ ³ï»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ: rack-rent [΄rækrent] n ã³÷³½³Ýó μ³ñÓñ
race [reis] v ³ñ³· í³½»É, ³ñß³í»É. Ùñó³ñ- ·³ÝÓ³í׳ñ:
ß³íÇ Ù³ëݳÏó»É. ~ the horse Ódzñß³íÇÝ rack-wheel [΄rækwi:l] n ³ï³Ùݳíáñ
Ù³ëݳÏó»É. ~ home ³é³çÏïñáõÏÇ ïáõÝ ³ÝÇí:
í³½»É. He ~d a lot ܳ μ³½Ù³ÃÇí ³Ý- racoon [rə΄ku:n] n çñ³ñç:
·³ÙÝ»ñ Ù³ëݳÏó»ó Ùñó³ñß³íÝ»ñÇÝ. racy [΄reisi] a Ûáõñ³Ñ³ïáõÏ Ñ³Ù áõ Ñáï
(ëɳݳÉ) ~ to the scene of accident ëÉ³Ý³É áõÝ»óáÕ (Ùñ·»ñ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ). ·áõÝ»Õ, å³ïÏ»-
radar 662 raid

ñ³íáñ (á×). a ~ style/story ·áõÝ»Õ á×, áã ݳμ³Ý:


å³ïß³× å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ£ radiotelegram [‚reidiəu΄teligræm] n
radar [΄reida:] n é³¹Çáï»ÕáñáßÇã/ Éáϳ- é³¹Çáѻ鳷Çñ:
ïáñ. ~ operator/screen/station é³¹Çáï»Õáñá- radish [΄rædi∫] n μáÕÏ:
ßÇã ûå»ñ³ïáñ/¿Ïñ³Ý/ϳ۳Ý: radium [΄reidiəm] n, a ùÇÙ. é³¹ÇáõÙ, é³-
radial [΄reidiəl] a ׳鳷³ÛóӨ, ׳鳷³Û- ¹ÇáõÙÇ:
óÛÇÝ: radius [΄reidiəs] n Ù³Ã. ß³é³íÇÕ. ϽÙË.
radiance [΄reidiəns] n ÷³ÛÉ, ßáÕ. ßù»Õáõ- ׳׳ÝãáëÏñ. within a ~ of ß³é³íÕáõÙ:
ÃÛáõÝ: raffle [΄ræfl] n (íÇ׳ϳ˳Õ) ˳ճñÏáõ-
radiant [΄reidiənt] a ÷³ÛÉáõÝ, ßáÕßáÕáõÝ. ÃÛáõÝ. hold a ~ ˳ճñÏ»É. ˳ճñÏáõÃÛáõÝ
å³Ûͳé, Éáõë³ßáÕ. a ~ smile å³Ûͳé ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñå»É:
ÅåÇï. ~ with happiness »ñç³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝÇó raffle [΄ræfl] v ˳ճñÏ»É. ~ a car Ù»ù»Ý³
÷³ÛÉáÕ. ~ heat ýǽ. ׳鳷³ÛóÛÇÝ ç»ñ- ˳ճñÏ»É:
ÙáõÃÛáõÝ: raft [ra:ft] n ɳëï, ɳëï³Ý³í:
radiate [΄reidiət] a ׳鳷³ÛûÉ, ׳鳷»É. rafter I [΄ra:ftə] n ɳëï³í³ñ (ݳ¨ rafts-
~ light/heat/health/enthusiasm ÉáõÛë /ç»ñÙáõ- man). ÷³Ûï³Ù³Í:
ÃÛáõÝ ×³é³·»É. ³éáÕçáõÃÛáõÝ ×³é³·»É. rafter II [΄ra:ftə] n ·»ñ³Ý, ï³ÝÇùÇ Ñ»Ýù:
³éáõÛ·áõÃÛ³Ùμ í³ñ³Ï»É. Streets ~ from the rag I [ræg] n Ñݳßáñ, ɳÃ. ËëÏó., ³ñÑÙ.
square öáÕáóÝ»ñÁ ëÏÇ½μ »Ý ³éÝáõÙ (׳- ¿Å³Ý³·ÇÝ/μáõÉí³ñ³ÛÇÝ Ã»ñÃ. ~s óÝóáïÇ-
é³·áõÙ »Ý) Ññ³å³ñ³ÏÇó: Ý»ñ. in ~s óÝóáïÇÝ»ñ ѳ·³Í. ~ doll Ïïáñ»
radiation [‚reidi΄ei∫n] n ׳鳷³ÛÃáõÙ, ïÇÏÝÇÏ:
׳׳ÝãáõÙ. atomic/solar ~ ³ïáÙ³ÛÇÝ/³ñ¨Ç rag II [ræg] n ³ÕÙϳÉÇó ½í³ñ×áõÃÛáõÝ, Ïá-
׳鳷³ÛÃáõÙ. ~ sickness ׳鳷³ÛóÛÇÝ åÇï ϳï³Ï. for a ~ ϳï³ÏÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ:
ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝ: rag [ræg] v ËëÏó. ͳÕñ»É, ϳï³Ï»É. ϳ-
radiator [΄reidieitə] n Ù³ñïÏáó, ç»éáõóÙ³Ý ï³Ïáí ͳÕñ»É:
ë³ñù: ragamuffin [΄rægə‚mΛfin] n óÝóáïdzíáñ/
radical [΄rædikl] 1. n ùÕù. ³ñÙ³ï³Ï³Ý. ~ ùñãáï Ù³ñ¹:
party ³ñÙ³ï³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÇ Ïáõë³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ. rage [reidз] n ϳï³ÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ó³ëáõÙ, ½³Û-
Ù³Ã. ÃíÇ ³ñÙ³ï, ³ñÙ³ï³Ýß³Ý. 2. a ³ñ- ñáõÛÃ. a blind ~ ÏáõÛñ ϳï³ÕáõÃÛáõÝ. fly into
Ù³ï³Ï³Ý, ÑÇÙݳϳÝ. Ù³Ã. ³ñÙ³ïÇ: a ~ ϳï³Õ»É, ·³½³½»É. Jeans are all the ~
radio [΄reidiəu] n é³¹Çá, é³¹ÇáÁݹáõÝÇã. ÷Ëμ., ËëÏó. æÇÝëÁ ß³ï Ùá¹³ÛÇÏ ¿ (μáÉáñÇ
turn on/off the ~ é³¹ÇáÝ ÙdzóÝ»É/³Ýç³ï»É. áõßùÁ ·ÝáõÙ ¿):
listen to the ~ é³¹Çá ѳÕáñ¹áõÙ Éë»É. by ~ rage [reidз] v ϳï³Õ»É, ÙáÉ»·Ý»É, ÷áÃáñ-
é³¹ÇáÛáí. ~ broadcast é³¹ÇáѳÕáñ¹áõÙ. Ï»É. ~ and fume ÙáÉ»·Ý»É, í³Ûñ³·³Ý³É:
portable ~ ¹Ûáõñ³ÏÇñ/ß³ñÅ³Ï³Ý é³¹Çá: ragged [΄rægid] a å³ï³éáïí³Í,
radio [΄reidiəu] v é³¹ÇáÛáí ѳÕáñ¹»É. ~ a ùñùñí³Í. a ~ tramp/urchin óÝóáïdzå³ï
message é³¹ÇáÛáí ѳÕáñ¹³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É/ ó÷³é³ßñçÇÏ. a ~ edge ù³éóíáñ ͳÛñ. a
ѳÕáñ¹³·ñ»É. ~ for help é³¹ÇáÛáí û·Ýáõ- ~ coastline Ïïñ³ïí³Í ³÷³·ÇÍ:
ÃÛáõÝ Ëݹñ»É: raggery [΄rægri] n ËëÏó., ³ñÑÙ. ϳݳóÇ
radioactive [‚reidiəu΄æktiv] a é³¹Çá³Ï- ßáñ»ñ/ѳ·áõëï:
ïÇí: raging [΄reidзiŋ] a ϳï³Õ³Í, ÙáÉ»·Ý³Í. a ~
radioactivity [‚reidiəuæk΄tivəti] n é³¹Çá- sea/storm ÷áÃáñÏáï Íáí. ë³ëïÇÏ ÷á-
³ÏïÇíáõÃÛáõÝ: ÃáñÇÏ:
radiogram [΄reidiəugræm] n é³¹Çá·Çñ: ragman [΄rægmən] n (ݳ¨ ragpicker) ÑÝá-
radiograph [΄reidiəugra:f] é»Ýﷻݳ- ïdzí³×³é:
Ýϳñ: ragtag [΄rægtæg] n ËëÏó. ˳ųÙáõÅ,
radiolocation [‚reidiəuləu΄kei∫n] n é³¹Çá- ËáõųÝ, ï³Ï³Ýù:
ï»ÕáñáßáõÙ: rag-time [΄rægtaim] n 黷óÛÙ (å³ñ³ÛÇÝ
radiologist [‚reidi΄ɒlədзist] n é»Ýï·»- éÇÃÙ):
raid 663 rally

raid [reid] n ѳñÓ³ÏáõÙ. ßáõñçϳÉ. é½Ù. î»Õ³ï³ñ³÷ ³ÝÓñ¨ ¿. bombs ~ down ÷Ëμ.
³ñß³í³Ýù, ³ñß³í. an air/bank/police ~ éáõÙμ»ñÇ ï³ñ³÷ ï»Õ³É:
û¹³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ñÓ³ÏáõÙ. ѳñÓ³ÏáõÙ μ³ÝÏÇ rainbow [΄reinbəu] n, a ÍdzͳÝ. Ídzͳ-
íñ³. áëïÇÏ³Ý³Ï³Ý ßáõñçϳÉ. ݳÛÇÝ, ·áõÝ»Õ:
raid [reid] v ³ñß³í»É, ѳñÓ³Ïí»É. ßáõñçϳ- rain-gauge [΄reingeidз] n ³ÝÓñ¨³ã³÷:
É»É. The police ~ed the casino àëïÇϳÝáõ- rainless [΄reinləs] a ³Ý³ÝÓñ¨, ãáñ³ÛÇÝ:
ÃÛáõÝÁ ѳÝϳñÍ ßáõñçϳɻó ˳ճïáõÝÁ. rainy [΄reini] a ³ÝÓñ¨³ÛÇÝ. the ~ season
~ a blockade ßñç³÷³ÏáõÙÁ ѳݻÉ: ³ÝÓñ¨Ý»ñÇ ë»½áÝ. ~ clouds ³ÝÓñ¨³μ»ñ
raider [΄reidə] n ³ñß³í³ÝùÇ Ù³ëݳÏÇó. ³Ùå»ñ. for a ~ day ÷Ëμ. ë¨ ûñí³ Ñ³Ù³ñ:
é½Ù., Íáí. ³ñß³í³Ý³í. ³í. û¹³ÛÇÝ raise [reiz] v μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É. ~ one’s hand/head/
ѳñÓ³Ïáõ٠ϳï³ñáÕ ÇÝùݳÃÇé: curtain/ dust Ó»éùÁ/·ÉáõËÁ/ í³ñ³·áõÛñÁ/
rail I [reil] n μ³½ñÇù, ׳ճ߳ñù. hold on to ÷áßÇ μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É. ~ one’s glass to smb. Ù»ÏÇ
the ~ μ³½ñÇùÇó μéÝí»É. (ùÇí) curtain ~ í³- ϻݳóÇÝ μ³Å³Ï μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É. ~ the pri-
ñ³·áõÛñÇ ùÇí (é»Éë) by ~s »ñϳÃáõÕáí. ces/production/salary/taxes ·Ý»ñÁ/³ñï³¹ñá-
send by ~s »ñϳÃáõÕáí áõÕ³ñÏ»É. run on the ճϳÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ/³ß˳ï³í³ñÓÁ/ ѳñÏ»ñÁ
~s é»Éë»ñáí ·Ý³É. go off the ~s é»Éë»ñÇó μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É. ~ a blockade ßñç³÷³ÏáõÙÁ
¹áõñë ·³É. ÷Ëμ. ÁÝóóùÇó ¹áõñë ÁÝÏÝ»É: ѳݻÉ. (³×»óÝ»É) ~ fruit/wheat ÙÇñ·/ ѳó³-
rail II [reil] n ϻݹ. Ùñ·³Éáñ, Ùñ·³Ñ³í: ѳïÇÏ ³×»óÝ»É. ~ the children »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñ
rail [reil] v μ³½ñÇù ϳéáõó»É, é»Éë ³Ýó- ٻͳóÝ»É. be ~d in the country ·ÛáõÕáõÙ
ϳóÝ»É. å³ñë³í»É, ѳÛÑáÛ»É. ~ against/at ٻͳݳÉ. (ϳݷݻóÝ»É, ϳéáõó»É) ~ a
smb/smth Ù»ÏÇÝ/ÙÇ μ³Ý å³ñë³- statue to ³ñÓ³Ý Ï³Ý·Ý»óÝ»É. (³é³ç³óÝ»É)
í»É/ѳÛÑáÛ»É. ~ in ó³Ýϳå³ï»É, ó³Ýϳ- ~ doubts/a laugh/smile ϳëϳÍÝ»ñ/ÍÇ-
å³ïáí ßñç³å³ï»É. ~ off ó³Ýϳå³ï»É, ͳÕ/ÅåÇï ³é³ç³óÝ»É. ~ a question, an
ó³Ýϳå³ïáí ³Ýç³ï»É: issue/problem/objections ѳñó/åñáμÉ»Ù
railing [΄reiliŋ] n μ³½ñÇù, ó³Ýϳå³ï. μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É. ³é³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ³é³ç
»ñϳû ó³Ýó: ù³ß»É. (·³ÝÓ»É, ѳí³ù»É) ~ taxes/a loan/
railroad [΄reilrəud] n »ñϳÃáõÕÇ. ~ line/car- money, funds/ an army ѳñÏ»ñ ·³ÝÓ»É. í³ñÏ
riage/station/time table »ñϳÃáõÕáõ ·ÇÍ/í³- Ó»éù μ»ñ»É. ÷áÕ Ñ³ÛóÛûÉ, ѳݷ³Ý³Ï»É.
·áÝ/ϳ۳ñ³Ý/ãí³óáõó³Ï. aerial/elevated ~ μ³Ý³Ï ϳ½Ù»É.
ϳËáíÇ/í»ñ»ñÏñÛ³ »ñϳ÷ÇÍ£ raisin [΄reizn] n ã³ÙÇã:
railway [΄reilwei] 1. n »ñϳÃáõÕÇ. 2. a rake I [reik] n ÷áóË. as thin as a ~ ï³ß»ÕÇ
»ñϳÃáõÕ³ÛÇÝ, »ñϳÃáõÕáõ. ~ engineering å»ë ÝÇѳñ:
»ñϳÃáõÕ³ÛÇÝ Ù»ù»Ý³ßÇÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ bridge rake II [reik] n ûèëáÉÇÏ/Ãñ¨ »ÏáÕ »ñÇï³-
»ñϳÃáõÕáõ ϳÙáõñç. ~ yard »ñϳÃáõÕáõ ë³ñ¹:
ß³ñųϳ½ÙÇ Ï³Û³Ý: rake [reik] v ÷áóË»É. ÷Ëμ. ùñùñ»É. ~
rain [rein] n ³ÝÓñ¨. heavy/thin/pouring, pelting hay/dead leaves Ëáï/ãáñ ï»ñ¨Ý»ñ ÷áóË»É.
~ áõÅ»Õ/Ù³Ýñ³Ï³ÃÇÉ/ï»Õ³ï³ñ³÷ ³ÝÓ- ~ the fire/the ashes ÙáËÇñÁ ¹áõñë ó÷»É.
ñ¨. in the ~ ³ÝÓñ¨Ç ï³Ï. keep the ~ out ³ÝÓ- (ѳñûÉ) ~ the soil ÷áóËáí ÑáÕÁ ѳñûó-
ñ¨Çó å³ïëå³ñí»É. ~ or shine ÇÝãåÇëÇ Ý»É. ~ together a team ÷Ëμ. ËáõÙμ/ÃÇÙ ëï»Õ-
»Õ³Ý³Ï ¿É áñ ÉÇÝÇ, ó³Ýϳó³Í »Õ³Ý³ÏÇÝ. Í»É. ~ up old memories ÷áñ÷»É ÑÇÝ Ñáõß»ñÁ.
~ of tears ³ñóáõÝùÇ Ñ»Õ»Õ. ~ of blows ѳñ- ~ in ËëÏó. ÷áÕ ¹Ç½»É. ~ through one’s draw-
í³ÍÝ»ñÇ ï³ñ³÷. ~ coat ³ÝÓñ¨³Ýáó. ~ ers ¹³ñ³ÏÝ»ñÁ ùñùñ»É:
drop ³ÝÓñ¨Ç ϳÃÇÉ. ~ fall ï³ñ³÷, ï»Õ³- rakish I [΄reiki∫] a ³ñ³·ÁÝóó, ëñÁÝóó:
ï³ñ³÷ ³ÝÓñ¨. ï»ÕáõÙÝ»ñÇ ù³Ý³Ï. ~ rakish II [΄reiki∫] a óá÷, ³Ùμ³ñï³í³Ý.
proof ³Ýçñ³ÝóÇÏ. ~ storm ³ÝÓñ¨³ÙññÇÏ, ³Ýϳñ·, ë³ÝÓ³ñÓ³Ï:
³ÝÓñ¨³Ë³éÝ ÷áÃáñÇÏ. ~ worm ³ÝÓñ¨³- rally [΄ræli] n ѳí³ù. ùÕù. ѳٳÅáÕáí,
áñ¹. ~ water ³ÝÓñ¨³çáõñ: ÙÇïÇÝ·. ³íïáé³ÉÇ. Ùñ½. ѳñí³ÍÝ»ñÇ
rain [rein] v ³ÝÓñ¨»É. It ~s, It is ~ing ²ÝÓñ¨ ¿ ÷á˳ݳÏáõÙ. long ~ (ûÝÇë). ·Ý¹³ÏÇ »ñ-
·³ÉÇë. It is ~ing cats and dogs /buckets ϳñ³ï¨ ˳ճñÏáõÙ:
ram 664 range

rally [΄ræli] v ѳٳËÙμ(í)»É, ѳí³ù»É. ~ the rancher [΄ra:nt∫ə], ranchman [΄ra:nt∫mən]


party Ïáõë³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ ѳٳËÙμ»É. ~ the n ³·³ñ³Ï³ï»ñ, ³·³ñ³ÏáõÙ ³ß˳ïáÕ
troops ½áñùÁ í»ñ³Ñ³Ù³ËÙμ»É. ~ round smb Ù³ñ¹:
ѳٳËÙμí»É Ù»ÏÇ ßáõñçÁ. (áõŻճݳÉ, rancid [΄rænsid] a ¹³éݳѳÙ. Ñáï³Í,
ϳ½¹áõñí»É) The market rallied ÷Ëμ. ݻ˳Í, ÏÍí³Í. gû ~ Ñáï»É, ݻ˻É. tas-
ÞáõÏ³Ý ³ßËáõųó³í£ te/smell ~ ¹³éݳѳÙ/Ñáï³Í ÉÇÝ»É:
ram [ræm] n ³ñáõ áã˳ñ, ËáÛ (ݳ¨ rancidity [ræn΄sidəti] n ÏÍí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ,
³ëïÕμ.): ¹³éݳѳÙáõÃÛáõÝ. Ý»Ë³Í Ñáï:
ram [ræm] v ѳñí³Í»É, Ë÷»É. Ý»ñë ÙïóÝ»É. rancorous [΄ræŋkərəs] a ã³ñ, ã³ñ³Ï³Ù,
~ in a charge (Ññ³½»ÝÁ) ÉÇóù³íáñ»É. ~ things á˳ϳÉ:
into a case Çñ»ñÁ ËóÏ»É ×³ÙåñáõÏÇ Ù»ç. The rancour [΄ræŋkə] n ã³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ù»Ý, á˳-
car ~med the bus Ø»ù»Ý³Ý ÙËñ×í»ó ³íïá- ϳÉáõÃÛáõÝ:
μáõëÇ Ù»ç. ~ into one’s head, ~ it home ·ÉáõËÁ random [΄rændəm] n å³ï³Ñ³Ï³Ý ÁÝï-
ÙïóÝ»É: ñáõÃÛáõÝ. at ~ å³ï³Ñ³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý, ÇÝãå»ë
ramble [΄ræmbl] n ½μáë³Ýù, áõÕ¨áñáõÃÛáõÝ: å³ï³ÑÇ. choose smth at ~ ³é³Ýó Ùï³Í»-
ramble [΄ræmbl] v ó÷³é»É, ½μáëÝ»É, Ù³Ý Éáõ/ μ³Ëï³å³í»Ý ÁÝïñ»É. hit out at ~
·³É. ~ through the streets ÷áÕáóÝ»ñáõ٠ó- áñï»Õ å³ï³ÑÇ Ë÷»É:
÷³é»É. ÷Ëμ. ß³Õ³Ïñ³ï»É. He ~d on for an random [΄rændəm] a å³ï³Ñ³Ï³Ý, ³Ýϳ-
hour ØÇ Å³Ù ËáëáõÙ ¿ñ/ß³Õ³Ïñ³ïáõÙ ¿ñ: ÝáÝ, ³Ýϳñ·. ~ remarks å³ï³Ñ³Ï³Ý ¹Ç-
rambler [΄ræmblə] n ¹³ï³ñϳßñçÇÏ. ïáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. fire at ~ shots ³ÝϳÝáÝ/
÷Ëμ. ëáÕ³óáÕ/·»ïݳï³ñ³Í μáõÛë å³ï³Ñ³Ï³Ý Ïñ³Ï»É. a ~ selection of å³-
(ÑïÏå. í³ñ¹): ï³Ñ³Ï³Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ inspection ³Ý-
rambling [΄ræmbliŋ] a ÷³Ã³ÃíáÕ, ëáÕ³- ëå³ë»ÉÇ ëïáõ·áõÙ:
óáÕ (μáõÛë). ó÷³éáÕ. ³Ýϳå (½ñáõÛó). a ~ range [reindз] n ß³ñù, ß³ñ³Ý. Ï»Ýë. μáõÛë»-
old town ³ÝϳÝáÝ Ï³éáõóí³Í ù³Õ³ù. a ñÇ/ϻݹ³ÝÇÝ»ñÇ ï³ñ³ÍÙ³Ý ßñç³Ý/áÉáñï
long ~ speech »ñϳñ, ³Ýϳå ׳é: /½áݳ. ³ñ»³É. ËáѳÝáóÇ ë³Éûç³Ë. a
ramification [‚ræmifi΄kei∫n] n ×ÛáõÕ³íá- mountain ~ É»éݳßÕó. (ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, Ñ»-
ñáõÙ, ×ÛáõÕ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ: é³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ) ~ of vision ï»ë³¹³ßï. out
ramify [΄ræmifai] v ×ÛáõÕ³íáñí»É: of ~ ѳë³Ý»ÉÇáõÃÛ³Ý ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇó ¹áõñë.
ramp I [ræmp] n Ïáñ½áõÙ, ßáñÃáõÙ. ÏáÕá- out of ~ ûf hearing/weapons Éë»ÉÇáõÃÛ³Ý ë³Ñ-
åáõï, óɳÝ: Ù³ÝÝ»ñÇó ¹áõñë. ½»ÝùÇ ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛ³Ý
ramp II [ræmp] n ûù/ß»Õ Ù³Ï»ñ»ë/ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇó ¹áõñë. the ~ of plane ÇÝùݳ-
ѳñÃáõÃÛáõÝ. ½³éÇó÷: ÃÇéÇ ÃéÇãùÇ Ñ»é³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ. artillery ~
ramp [ræmp] v Ïáñ½»É, ßáñûÉ, ÏáÕáåï»É, Ññ»ï³Ý³ÛÇÝ Ññ³Ó·³ñ³Ý. long ~ missiles
óɳݻÉ: Ñ»é³Ñ³ñ ÑñÃÇéÝ»ñ. at a ~ of 3 km »ñ»ù ÏÇ-
rampage [ræm΄peidз] n, v ËÇëï Ñáõ½ÙáõÝù. ÉáÙ»ïñ Ñ»é³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³. at close/point
ÙáÉ»·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ËÇëï Ñáõ½í³Í ÉÇÝ»É, Ùá- blank ~ Ùáï Ñ»é³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³. ¹ÇÙ³-
É»·Ý»É. μáñμáùí»É: ѳñ. within ~ ѳë³Ý»ÉÇáõÃÛ³Ý ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»-
rampageous [ræm΄peidзəs] a ϳï³Õ³Í, ñáõÙ. outside one’s ~ ÷Ëμ. ѳëϳóáõÃÛ³Ý
ÙáÉ»·Ý³Í, ·³½³½³Í: ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇó ¹áõñë. rifle ~ Ññ³Ó·³ñ³Ý.
rampant [΄ræmpənt] a ÷³ñó٠³×³Í. ï³ñ³ÍÙ³Ý ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ, ¹Ç³å³½áÝ
÷Ëμ. μáñμáùí³Í, ÙáÉ»·Ý³Í. The flue is ~ (ݳ¨ »ñÅß.). price/wage ~ ·Ý»ñÇ/³ß˳ï³-
just now ¶ñÇåÁ ÙáÉ»·ÝáõÙ ¿ ÑÇÙ³: í³ñÓÇ ë³Ý¹Õ³Ï. frequency ~ é³¹. ѳ׳-
rampart [΄ræmpa:t] n μ»ñ¹³å³ïÝ»ß, ˳ϳÝáõÃÛ³Ý ¹Ç³å³½áÝ. a wide ~ of
å³ïí³ñ. ÷Ëμ. ѻݳñ³Ý, Ý»óáõÏ: goods ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ Ù»Í ÁÝïñ³ÝÇ. full ~ of
ramrod [΄ræmrɒd] n Ññ³ó³ÝÇ ß³Ù÷áõñ: sizes ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ μáÉáñ ã³÷ë»ñÇ ³é-
ramshackle [΄ræm‚∫ækl] a ÑÇÝ, ˳ñËáõÉ: ϳÛáõÃÛáõÝ. a wide ~ of colours ·áõÛÝ»ñÇ É³ÛÝ
ranch [ra:nt∫] n ³·³ñ³Ï, ³Ý³ëݳå³Ñ³- ѳçáñ¹³ß³ñù. a wide ~ of interests /knowl-
Ï³Ý ý»ñÙ³. é³Ýãá: edge Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ/·Çï»ÉÇùÇ É³ÛÝ
range 665 rare I

¹Ç³å³½áÝ. cover a wide ~ of subjects room ¹³ñ³ÏÁ/·ñå³ÝÝ»ñÁ/ë»ÝÛ³ÏÇ μáÉáñ


Áݹ·ñÏ»É Ñ³ñó»ñÇ É³ÛÝ ßñç³Ý³Ï. a new ~ ³ÝÏÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ùñùñ»É/Ëáõ½³ñÏ»É. (ÏáÕáå-
of cars Ù»ù»Ý³Ý»ñÇ Ýáñ ϳñ·/ï»ë³Ï: ï»É) ~ the house ïáõÝÁ ÏáÕáåï»É:
range [reindз] v ¹³ë¹³ë»É, ¹³ë³Ï³ñ·»É. ransom [΄rænsəm] n ÷ñϳÝù, ÷ñϳ·ÇÝ.
ß³ñ»É. ~ oneself ÙdzݳÉ. He ~d himself on hold smb to ~ å³ï³Ýù å³Ñ»É:
our side ܳ Ùdzó³í Ù»ñ ß³ñù»ñÇÝ. (ó- rant [rænt] n ÷ùáõÝ/í»ñ³Ùμ³ñÓ É»½áõ£
÷³é»É) ~ the hills ë³ñ»ñáõ٠ó÷³é»É. His rant[rænt] v ٻͳËáë»É, ß³Õ³Ïñ³ï»É. ~
eyes ~d the horison ÷Ëμ. ܳ ßñç³Ñ³Û»ó and rave ÷Ëμ. ϳï³Õ»É, Ñáõñ áõ Ïñ³Ï
ÑáñǽáÝÁ. (ï³ñ³Íí»É, Ó·í»É) Fields ~ for ó÷»É:
miles ØÕáÝÝ»ñáí Ó·íáõÙ ¿ÇÝ ¹³ßï»ñÁ. The ranunculus [rə΄nΛŋkjuləs] n μëμ. ·áñï-
price ~s from ... ¶ÇÝÁ …ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ ¿. ÝáõÏ, Ññ³ÝáõÝÏ:
Temperature ~s from æ»ñÙáõÃÛáõÝÁ rap [ræp] n ûè ѳñí³Í, μ³ËÛáõÝ, óÏáó.
ï³ï³ÝíáõÙ ¿... The research ~s over ... л- a ~ on the door ¹é³Ý óÏáó. not to care a ~
ï³½áïáõÃÛáõÝÝ Áݹ·ñÏáõÙ ¿... His interests ÷Ëμ., ËëÏó. Ãù³Í áõÝ»Ý³É (í»çë ãÇ):
~ from … to Üñ³ Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ rap [ræp] v ûè ѳñí³Í»É, óϻÉ. ~ the
ß³ï μ³½Ù³½³Ý »Ý. allow one’s imagination table ë»Õ³ÝÇÝ Ã»Ã¨³ÏÇ Ë÷»É. ~ over the
~ freely »ñ¨³Ï³ÛáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ³½³ïáõÃÛáõÝ knucles Ó»éù»ñÇÝ Ë÷»É:
ï³É: rapacious [rə΄pei∫əs] a ·Çß³ïÇã, ³·³Ñ,
range-finder [΄reindз‚faində] n Ñ»é³ã³÷ ѳ÷ßï³ÏÇã:
(·áñÍÇù): rapacity [rə΄pæsəti] n ³·³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ãù³-
ranger [΄reindзə] n ßñçÙáÉÇÏ. ³Ýï³é³å³Ñ. ͳÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ÝÏßïáõÃÛáõÝ:
Ñ»ÍÛ³É áëïÇϳÝ: rape [reip] n, v μéݳμ³ñáõÙ, ÉÉÏáõÙ. μéݳ-
rangy [΄reindзi] a ó÷³éáÕ, ó÷³é³Ï³Ý. μ³ñ»É, ÉÉÏ»É:
μ³ñ»Ï³½Ù, ÙϳÝáõï. Áݹ³ñÓ³Ï, ɳÛݳ- rapid [΄ræpid] n ½³éÇó÷. ~s (·»ïÇ) ë³-
ï³ñ³Í: ѳÝùÝ»ñ:
rank [ræŋk] n ß³ñù, ïáÕ³Ý. in the first ~s rapid [΄ræpid] a ³ñ³·, ³ñ³·ÁÝóó, ëñÁÝ-
³é³çÇÝ ß³ñù»ñáõÙ. join the ~s ß³ñù»ñÝ Ã³ó. ~ movements ³ñ³· ß³ñÅáõÙÝ»ñ. a ~
³ÝóÝ»É/ÙdzݳÉ. break ~s ß³ñùÇó ¹áõñë descent ·³Ñ³í»Å í³Ûñ¿çù. ~ fire é½Ù. ѳ-
·³É. a taxi ~ ï³ùëáõ ϳݷ³é. é½Ù. ½ÇÝíáñ. ׳˳ÓÇ· Ïñ³Ï:
the ~s, the ~ and file ß³ñù³ÛÇÝ ½ÇÝíáñÝ»ñ. rapidity [rə΄pidəti] n ³ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝ, ëñÁÝó-
reduce smb to the ~s ½ÇÝí. ÏáãáõÙÇó ½ñÏ»É, óáõÃÛáõÝ:
³ëïÇ׳ݳ½ñÏ»É. (³ëïÇ׳Ý, ÏáãáõÙ, rapier [΄reipiə] n ëáõë»ñ, Ù³ñ½³ëáõë»ñ:
ϳñ·) honorary ~ å³ïí³íáñ ÏáãáõÙ. of rapine [΄ræpain] n ÏáÕáåáõï, óɳÝ:
high ~ μ³ñÓñ³ëïÇ׳Ý. the ~ of captain rapt [ræpt] a ½Ù³ÛÉí³Í, ÏɳÝí³Í, Ññ³-
ϳåÇï³ÝÇ ³ëïÇ׳Ý/ÏáãáõÙ. a writer of the åáõñí³Í:
first ~ ³é³çݳϳñ· ·ñáÕ. grades of military rapture [΄ræpt∫ə] n ÑdzóÙáõÝù, μ»ñÏñ³Ýù,
~s ½ÇÝíáñ³Ï³Ý ÏáãáõÙÝ»ñ. diplomatic ~ ëù³Ýã³óáõÙ. be in ~s Ñdzó³Í/ëù³Ýã³ó³Í
¹Çí³Ý³·Çï³Ï³Ý ³ëïÇ׳Ý: ÉÇÝ»É. go into ~s over/about smth ÑdzݳÉ/
rank [ræŋk] a ÷³ñóÙ, ×áË. ÏÍí³Ñ³Ù, Ý»- ëù³Ýã³Ý³É áñ¨¿ μ³Ýáí:
Ë³Í Ñáï. ~ vegetation ÷³ñó٠μáõë³Ï³- rapturous [΄ræpt∫ərəs] a Ñdzó³Í, ½Ù³ÛÉ-
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ with weeds ÙáɳËáïáí å³- í³Í, ëù³Ýã³ó³Í:
ï³Í: rare I [reə] a ѳ½í³¹»å, ë³Ï³í³¹»å,
rankings [΄ræŋkiŋz] n ï»ÕÁ ѳٳß˳ñ- ѳ½í³·Ûáõï. ~ book ѳ½í³·Ûáõï ·Çñù. ~
ѳÛÇÝ ¹³ë³Ï³ñ·Ù³Ý Ù»ç: beauty/plant ³ñï³Ï³ñ· ·»Õ»óÏáõÃÛáõÝ,
rankle [΄ræŋkl] v ó³í å³ï׳é»É, ã³ñã³- ѳ½í³·Ûáõï μáõÛë. at ~ intervals ѳ½í³-
ñ»É, ï³Ýç»É. It still ~d in his mind ¸³ Ýñ³Ý ¹»å. ~ chance/exhibit μ³ó³éÇÏ Ñݳñ³íá-
¹»é ï³ÝçáõÙ ¿ñ: ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳ½í³·Ûáõï ÝÙáõß. with ~ excep-
ransack [΄rænsæk] v ÷Ýïñ»É, Ëáõ½³ñÏ»É. tions ѳ½í³¹»å μ³ó³éáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí.
~ a drawer/one’s pockets/every corner of the That’s extremely ~ ¸³ ß³ï μ³ó³éÇÏ ¹»åù
rare II 666 ration

¿: ÷á˳ñÅ»ù. interest ~ ߳ѳ¹ñáõÛù,


rare II [reə] a ËÑñ. ÏÇë³»÷, ûñ³ï³å³Ï. ïáÏáë³¹ñáõÛù. birth/ death ~ ÍÝ»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ,
~ meat ûñ³ï³å³Ï ÙÇë (³ñÛáõÝáí)£ ٳѳóáõÃÛáõÝ. at any ~ ÷Ëμ. ѳٻݳÛÝ
rare avis [΄reə΄eivis] n ѳ½í³·Ûáõï/³ñï³- ¹»åë, μáÉáñ ¹»åù»ñáõÙ. at that ~ ³Û¹
ëáíáñ Çñ/³ÝÓ: ¹»åùáõÙ/Ó¨áí. (·ÇÝ) the ~s for the job
rarefaction [‚reəri΄fæk∫n] n Ýáëñ³óÝáõÙ, ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ í³ñÓÁ. the regular ~
Ýáëñ³óÝ»ÉÁ: ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý ·ÇÝÁ. at the ~ of ³ÛëÇÝã ·Ýáí. ~
rarefy [΄reərifai] v Ýáëñ³óÝ»É, çñÇϳóÝ»É: of surplus value ѳí»ÉÛ³É ³ñÅ»ùÇ ã³÷³ù³-
rarely [΄reəli] adv áã ѳ׳Ë, áõß-áõß. ³Ýëá- ݳÏÁ. ~s ï»Õ³Ï³Ý ѳñÏ»ñ. ~ payer ѳñ-
íáñ, ³ñï³ëáíáñ. μ³ó³é³å»ë, μ³ó³éÇÏ Ï³ïáõ, ѳñÏ í׳ñáÕ. (³ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝ,
Ï»ñåáí: ï»Ùå) ~ of growth ³×Ç ï»Ùå»ñÁ. at a great
rarity [΄reərəti] n ѳ½í³¹»å/μ³ó³éÇÏ/³ñ- ~ Ù»Í ³ñ³·áõÃÛ³Ùμ. ~ of flow Ñáë³ÝùÇ
ï³Ï³ñ· »ñ¨áõÛÃ/Çñ: ³ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝÁ. pulse ~ ½³ñÏ»ñ³ÏÇ ³ñ³-
rascal [΄ra:skl] n ˳ñ¹³Ë, ëñÇϳ: ·áõÃÛáõÝÁ:
rascality [ra:s΄kæləti] n ˳ñ¹³ËáõÃÛáõÝ, rate [reit] v ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É, ѳٳñ»É, ë³ÑÙ³-
ëñÇϳÛáõÃÛáõÝ: Ý»É. ~ highly μ³ñÓñ ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É. ~ one’s
rash [ræ∫] n μÅßÏ. μÇÍ, ó³Ý (¹áõñë ïí³Í). chances Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ·Ý³Ñ³ï»É.
come out in a ~ ó³Ý ¹áõñë ï³É: ~ among the best É³í³·áõÛÝÝ»ñÇ ß³ñùáõÙ
rash [ræ∫] a ßï³å, ѳå×»å. ãÙï³Íí³Í, ¹³ë»É. The house is ~d 100 doll î³Ý
³ÝËáÑ»Ù. ëñÁÝóó, ³ñ³·ÁÝóó. a ~ pro- ѳñÏÁ ѳñÛáõñ ¹áɳñ ¿ ~ as a colonel
mise ³ÝËáѻ٠ËáëïáõÙ. a ~ decision ·Ý¹³å»ï ѳٳñí»É, áñå»ë ·Ý¹³å»ï
ãÙï³Íí³Í áñáßáõÙ. a ~ judgement ѳå×»å ÁݹáõÝ»É:
ϳñÍÇù: rather [΄ra:ðə] adv μ³í³Ï³ÝÇÝ. ÙÇ ÷áùñ. ~
rasher [΄ræ∫ə] n a ~ of bacon Ëá½³åáõËïÇ difficult/tired μ³í³Ï³Ý ¹Åí³ñ/Ñá·Ý³Í. ~
μ³ñ³Ï ß»ñï (ï³å³Ï»Éáõ ѳٳñ): more seriuos ÙÇ ÷áùñ ³í»ÉÇ Éáõñç. (³í»ÉÇ
rashness [΄ræ∫nəs] n ëñÁÝóóáõÃÛáõÝ, ß³ï ·»ñ³¹³ë»É) ~ think ³í»ÉÇ ß³ï
ßï³åáճϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ÝËáÑ»ÙáõÃÛáõÝ: Ùï³Í»É. He’d ~ go there η»ñ³¹³ë»ñ
rasp [ra:sp] n é³ßåÇÉ, Ù»Í Ë³ñïáó: ³ÛÝï»Õ ·Ý³É. I’d ~ have coffee ²í»ÉÇ ëÇñáí
raspberry [΄ra:zbəri] n Ùáñ»ÝÇ, ³½Ýí³- ëáõñ× ÏËÙ»Ç. He’d ~ stay than go ܳ ³í»ÉÇ
ÙáñÇ. ~ bush/cane Ùáñáõ Ã÷áõï, Ùáñáõï: ßáõï ÏÙݳñ, ù³Ý Ϸݳñ£
rasping [΄ra:spiŋ] a ×Õ×Õ³Ý, ³Ï³Ýç ͳÏáÕ. ratification [‚rætifi΄kei∫n] n í³í»ñ³óáõÙ:
a ~ voice ×Õ×Õ³Ý Ó³ÛÝ. a ~ sound ×é×é³Ý ratify [΄rætifai] v ѳëï³ï»É, í³í»ñ³óÝ»É.
Ó³ÛÝ/ÑÝãÛáõÝ: ~ a contract/treaty å³Ûٳݳ·Çñ/ѳٳӳÛ-
rat [ræt] n ³éÝ»ï. ÷Ëμ., ËëÏó. Ù³ïÝÇã. ݳ·Çñ í³í»ñ³óÝ»É:
smell a ~ í³ï ݳ˳½·³óáõÙ áõݻݳÉ. rating [΄reitiŋ] n ¹³ë, ϳñ·. ³ëïÇ׳Ý.
Rats! ÐÇÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ¿. ~ poison ³éÝ»ïÇ ¹Çñù. credit ~ í׳ñáõݳÏáõÃÛ³Ý ·Ý³Ñ³-
ÃáõÛÝ. the ~ race ÷Ëμ. ѳñëïáõÃÛ³Ý ïáõÙ. (í³ñϳÝÇß) character ~ μÝáõó·Çñ. ~
Ùñó³í³½ù. ~ - trap ³éÝ»ïÇ Ã³Ï³ñ¹£ of a person ³ÝÓÇ í³ñϳÝÇß:
rat [ræt] v ~ on smb ݻݷ»É, ¹³í³×³Ý»É: ratio [΄rei∫iəu] n ѳñ³μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳٻٳ-
ratable [΄reitəbl] a ѳñÏÙ³Ý/ïáõñù³¹ñÙ³Ý ïáõÃÛáõÝ. in direct ~ to áõÕÇÕ Ñ³Ù»Ù³ïáõ-
»Ýóϳ: ÃÛ³Ùμ. in the ~ of 5 to 1 ÑÇÝ·Á Ù»ÏÇ Ñ³ñ³-
rat-catcher [΄ræt‚kæt∫ə] n ³éÝ»ïÝ»ñ μ»ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ/ѳñ³μ»ñ³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ùμ:
μéÝáÕ/áñë³óáÕ: ration [΄ræ∫n] n μ³ÅÇÝ, ûñ³å³ñ»Ý. emer-
rate [reit] n ã³÷³ù³Ý³Ï, ÝáñÙ³. ¹ñáõÛù, gency/iron ~ ³ÝÓ»éÝÙË»ÉÇ å³ß³ñ. daily ~
¹ñáõÛù³ã³÷. ·áñͳÏÇó, ïáÏáë. the ~s of of bread ѳóÇ ûñ³μ³ÅÇÝÁ:
wages ³ß˳ï³í³ñÓÇ ã³÷Á. ~ of output/ ration [΄ræ∫n] v ûñ³μ³ÅÇÝ ï³É, μ³Åݻѳ-
profit ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÇ/ß³ÑáõÛÃÇ ÝáñÙ³Ý/ã³- Ý»É. å³ñ»Ý³íáñ»É, ÝáñÙ³íáñ»É. ~ book
÷³ù³Ý³ÏÁ. ~ of return ߳ѳ¹ñáõÛù. con- (ݳ¨ ~ card ) å³ñ»Ý³ÛÇÝ ù³ñï. Food was
version ~ ÷á˳ñÅ»ù. exchange ~ ~ed in the war ä³ï»ñ³½ÙÇ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï
rational 667 reach

ÙûñùÁ ÝáñÙ³íáñí³Í ¿ñ. ~ out provisions Ëáë»É. ~ about… ½³é³Ýó»É ÇÝã-áñ μ³ÝÇ/
å³ñ»ÝÁ ϳÝáݳíáñ μ³ßË»É: Ù»ÏÇ Ù³ëÇÝ£
rational [΄ræ∫nəl] a ˻ɳÙÇï, μ³Ý³Ï³Ý, raven I [΄reivn] n, a ³·é³í. ë¨, ³·é³-
é³óÇáݳÉ, Ýå³ï³Ï³Ñ³ñÙ³ñ, ~ use of re- í³·áõÛÝ:
sources å³ß³ñÝ»ñÇ Ë»É³ÙÇï/Ýå³ï³- raven II [΄rævn] n, v ÏáÕáåáõï, ³í³ñ, ½áÑ.
ϳѳñÙ³ñ û·ï³·áñÍáõÙ. be ~ μ³Ý³Ï³Ý ÏáÕáåï»É, óɳݻÉ. áñë/³í³ñ áñáÝ»É:
ÉÇÝ»É: ravenous [΄rævnəs] a óɳÝãdzϳÝ. ³-
rationality [‚ræ∫ə΄næləti] n ˻ɳóÇáõÃÛáõÝ, ·³Ñ, ß³ï³Ï»ñ. ~ appetite ·³ÛÉÇ ³Ëáñ-
μ³Ý³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: ųÏ:
rationalize [΄ræ∫nəlaiz] v μ³ó³ïñ»É, ïñ³- ravine [rə΄vi:n] n Ëáñ ÏÇñ×, ËáñËáñ³ï:
Ù³μ³Ýáñ»Ý ÑÇÙݳíáñ»É. ~ one’s fears raving [΄reiviŋ]1. n ½³é³Ýó³Ýù, óÝáñù. 2. a
(÷áñÓ»É) μ³ó³ïñ»É/ÑÇÙݳíáñ»É Çñ ½³é³Ýó³Ï³Ý, óÝáñ³Ï³Ý. be ~ mad ÷Ëμ.,
»ñÏÛáõÕÁ/ Ùï³í³ËáõÃÛáõÝÁ. (ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñ- ËëÏó. ÉñÇí Ë»ÉùÁ ÃéóÝ»É:
å»É) ~ production ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ϳ½Ù³- ravish [΄rævi∫] v ÑdzóÝ»É, ëù³Ýã³óÝ»É.
Ï»ñå»É: ÑdzóÙáõÝù ³é³ç³óÝ»É:
rationing [΄ræ∫niŋ] n ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ ravishing [΄rævi∫iŋ] a ãùݳÕ, ëù³Ýã»ÉÇ,
μ³ÅݻѳÝáõÙ/ã³÷áñáßáõÙ/ ÝáñÙ³íáñáõÙ: ½Ù³ÛÉ»ÉÇ:
ratsbane [΄rætsbein] n ÃáõÛÝ ³éÝ»ïÝ»ñÇ raw [rɔ:] a ÑáõÙ. ÏÇë³»÷, ûñ³ÃáõË. ³Ý-
ѳٳñ. ËëÏó. ÃáõÛÝ: ÷áñÓ. ³ÝÙß³Ï, ãÙß³Ïí³Í. ~ meat ÑáõÙ ÙÇë.
rattle [΄rætl] n ÃñËÏáó, ¹Õñ¹ÛáõÝ, ß³é³ã- ~ materials ÑáõÙù. ~ cotton ³ÝÙß³Ï μ³Ùμ³Ï.
ÛáõÝ. »ñ»Ë³ÛÇ Ë³Õ³ÉÇù. ½³Ý·áõɳÏ, ~ sugar ã½ïí³Í/³ÝÙ³ùáõñ ß³ù³ñ. a ~
ãËÏãËϳÝ: morning ËáÝ³í ³é³íáï. ~ spirit Ù³ùáõñ
rattle [΄rætl] v ÃñËϳÉ, ¹Õñ¹³É, ß³é³ã»É. ëåÇñï. a ~ youth ÷Ëμ. ˳Ï/³Ý÷áñÓ å³-
ß³ï³Ëáë»É, ã³ã³Ý³Ï»É. get ~d ËëÏó. ï³ÝÇ. a ~ wound μ³ó í»ñù. get a ~ deal
ÝÛ³ñ¹³ÛݳݳÉ. ~ the cups μ³Å³ÏÝ»ñÁ ËëÏó. í³ï í»ñ³μ»ñÙáõÝùÇ Ñ³Ý¹Çå»É:
ãËÏãËϳóÝ»É. ~ off a list of names ËëÏó. raw-boned [‚rɔ:΄bəund] a ß³ï ÝÇѳñ,
óáõó³ÏÁ ³ñ³·-³ñ³· ϳñ¹³É í»ñç³óÝ»É. ÏÙ³Ëù³ó³Í, áëÏñáï:
The doors/windows ~d ¸éÝ»ñÁ ßñËÏáõÙ ¿ÇÝ. ray [rei] n ׳鳷³ÛÃ. ~ of sunlight/moonlight
ä³ïáõѳÝÝ»ñÁ ½Ý·½Ý·áõÙ ¿ÇÝ. The train ³ñ¨Ç/ÉáõëÝÇ ×³é³·³ÛÃ. ~ of hope ÷Ëμ.
~d past ¶Ý³óùÁ ¹Õñ¹ÛáõÝáí ³Ýó³í. He ~d ÑáõÛëÇ ×³é³·³ÛÃ:
on about his trip ܳ ß³ñáõݳÏáõÙ ¿ñ ß³ï³- raze [reiz] v ÙÇÝ㨠ÑÇÙùÁ ù³Ý¹»É, ÏáñͳݻÉ.
Ëáë»É Çñ ׳Ù÷áñ¹áõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇÝ£ ~ to the ground ÑÇÙݳѳï³Ï ³Ý»É:
rattle-brained [΄rætlbreind], rattle- razor [΄reizə] n ³Í»ÉÇ. safety/electric ~ ³Ý-
headed [΄rætl΄hedid] a ¹³ï³ñϳ·ÉáõË: íï³Ý·/¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³Ý ³Í»ÉÇ. ~ blade ³Í»Éáõ
rattlesnake [΄rætlsneik] n ϻݹ. μáÅáųíáñ ß»Õμ/ë³Ûñ/μ»ñ³Ý. ~ edge ³Í»Éáõ μ»ñ³Ý:
ûÓ£ re [ri:] n »ñÅß. é» (Ó³ÛݳÝÇß):
rattling [΄rætliŋ] a ¹Õñ¹³óáÕ, Ãݹ³óáÕ, reach [ri:t∫] n »ñϳñ³óáõÙ, å³ñ½áõÙ, Ù»Ï-
³ÕÙÏáï. ËëÏó. Ññ³ß³ÉÇ, ÑdzݳÉÇ: ÝáõÙ. have a long ~ »ñϳñ Ó»éù»ñ áõݻݳÉ.
raucous [΄rɔ:kəs] a Ëéåáï. a ~ laugh/voice within/out of ~ ѳë³Ý»ÉÇáõÃÛ³Ý ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»-
ëáõñ/½ÇÉ ÍÇͳÕ/Ó³ÛÝ. the ~ croak of the raven ñáõÙ, ѳë³Ý»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝÇó ¹áõñë. within easy
³·é³íÇ Ëéåáï ÏééáóÁ: ~ Ùáï»ñùáõÙ, Ùáï³Ï³ÛùáõÙ. be within ~
ravage [΄rævidз] n ³í»ñáõÙ, áãÝã³óáõÙ, Ù³ïã»ÉÇ ÉÇÝ»É. the upper/lower ~ es of the
ÏáñͳÝáõÙ: river ·»ïÇ í»ñÇÝ/ëïáñÇÝ Ñáë³ÝùÝ»ñÁ. a ~
ravage [΄rævidз] v ³í»ñ»É, ³Ù³Û³óÝ»É. of woodland Áݹ³ñÓ³Ï ³Ýï³é³ß»ñï. It is
ù³Ûù³Û»É. forests ~d by fire Ññ¹»Ñáí ³Ù³- beyond my ~ ¸³ Ç٠ѳëϳóáÕáõÃÛáõÝÇó
Û³ó³Í ³Ýï³éÝ»ñ. a country ~d by war í»ñ ¿:
å³ï»ñ³½ÙÇó ³í»ñí³Í »ñÏÇñ: reach [ri:t∫] v Ù»ÏÝ»É, å³ñ½»É, ï³ñ³Í»É. ~
rave [reiv] v ½³é³Ýó»É, ³Ýϳå Ëáë»É. a hand out for smth Ó»éùÁ ÙÇ μ³ÝÇ Ù»ÏÝ»É. ~
÷Ëμ. ÑdzóÙáõÝùáí/˳ݹ³í³éáõÃÛ³Ùμ out Ó»éùÁ Ù»ÏÝ»É. He ~ ed out and took the box
react 668 real

ܳ Ó»éùÁ Ù»ÏÝ»ó ¨ í»ñóñ»ó ïáõ÷Á. I can’t reader [΄ri:də] n ÁÝûñóáÕ. ¹³ë³Ëáë. ³ë-
~ the top ̳ÛñÇÝ ã»Ù ѳëÝáõÙ. The letter ÙáõÝùáÕ. ÁÝûñó³ñ³Ý. an avid ~ ·ñù»ñÁ
~ed me today ܳٳÏÝ ÇÝÓ ³Ûëûñ ѳë³í. ÏɳÝáÕ. Armenian literary ~ Ñ³Û ·ñ³Ï³Ýáõ-
Where can I ~ you? àñï»±Õ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ ¿ Ó»½ ÃÛ³Ý ùñ»ëïáÙ³ïdz:
·ïÝ»É. ÆÝãå»±ë ϳñ»ÉÇ ¿ Ó»½ ·ïÝ»É. Her readership [΄ri:də∫ip] n (μáõÑ) ¹áó»Ýïáõ-
coat ~ es to the floor ì»ñ³ñÏáõÝ ·»ïÝÇÝ ¿ ÃÛáõÝ:
ѳëÝáõÙ. as far as the eye can ~ áñù³Ý áñ readily [΄redili] adv å³ïñ³ëï³Ï³Ùáñ»Ý,
³ãùÁ ÏïñÇ. ~ an agreement/a conclusion/com- ëÇñáí. Ñ»ßï, Ñ»ßïáõÃÛ³Ùμ. ~ agree ëÇñáí,
promise ÷Ëμ. ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý ·³É, »½- Ñ»ßïáõÃÛ³Ùμ ѳٳӳÛÝí»É:
ñ³Ï³óáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ý·»É. ÷á˽ÇçÙ³Ý readiness [΄redinəs] n å³ïñ³ëï³Ï³Ùáõ-
ѳٳӳÛÝí»É: ÃÛáõÝ, ÑáųñáõÃÛáõÝ. show a ~ å³ïñ³ë-
react [ri΄ækt] v ³ñÓ³·³Ýù»É, í»ñ³μ»ñ- ï³Ï³ÙáõÃÛáõÝ óáõó³μ»ñ»É. Everything is in
ÙáõÝù óáõÛó ï³É. ~ strongly áõÅ»Õ ³ñÓ³- ~ ²Ù»Ý ÇÝã å³ïñ³ëï ¿. hold oneself in ~
·³Ýù»É: å³ïñ³ëï, å³ïñ³ëï³Ï³Ù ÉÇÝ»É:
reaction [ri΄æk∫n] n å³ï³ëË³Ý ³ñÓ³- reading [΄ri:diŋ] n ÁÝûñóáõÙ. close ~ áõß³-
·³Ýù. ѳϳ½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ. ùÇÙ. 黳Ïódz. ¹Çñ ÁÝûñóáõÙ. scanning ~ enjoy ~ ϳñ¹³É
ùÕù. ѻﳹÇÙáõÃÛáõÝ. the forces of ~ Ñ»- ëÇñ»É. There is very little ~ in this newspaper
ï³¹ÇÙ³Ï³Ý áõÅ»ñÁ: ²Ûë ûñÃáõ٠ϳñ¹³Éáõ ß³ï ùÇã μ³Ý ϳ.
reactionary [ri΄æk∫nəri] a, n ѻﳹÇ- the first ~ of the play óïñ. åÇ»ëÇ ³é³çÇÝ
ٳϳÝ: ÁÝûñóáõÙÁ. (Ù»Ïݳμ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ) ~ of the
reactive [ri΄æktiv] a ³ñÓ³·³Ý·áÕ, ѳϳ½- facts ÷³ëï»ñÇ Ù»Ïݳμ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ. (óáõó-
¹áÕ. ѳϳ½¹³Ï³Ý, 黳ÏïÇí: ÙáõÝù) the ~ on a thermometer ç»ñÙ³ã³÷Ç
reactor [ri΄æktə] n 黳Ïïáñ. atomic ~ óáõóÙáõÝùÝ»ñÁ. ~ lamp ë»Õ³ÝÇ É³Ùå. ~
³ïáÙ³ÛÇÝ é»³Ïïáñ: room ÁÝûñó³ëñ³Ñ. ~ desk ·ñ³Ï³É. ~ glass
read [ri:d] v ϳñ¹³É. ~ aloud/to oneself/flu- Ëáßáñ³óáõÛó:
ently/attentively μ³ñÓñ³Ó³ÛÝ/ÙïùáõÙ/ ë³- readjust [‚ri:ə΄dзΛst] v í»ñ³ë³ñù»É, áõÕ-
ÑáõÝ/áõß³¹Çñ ϳñ¹³É. ~ music Ýáï³Ý»ñáí Õ»É, ßïÏ»É:
Ýí³·»É. ~ over ÝáñÇó ϳñ¹³É. ~ too much readjustment [‚ri:ə΄dзΛstmənt] n í»ñ³-
into ³í»ÉÇÝ »Ýó¹ñ»É ù³Ý Çñ³Ï³Ýáõ٠ѳñÙ³ñ»óáõÙ, í»ñ³ë³ñùáõÙ:
·ñí³Í ¿. (Ù»Ïݳμ³Ý»É, ·áõß³Ï»É ) ~ smb’s ready [΄redi] a å³ïñ³ëï. get ~ å³ï-
palm/fortune/the future μ³ËïÁ/³å³·³Ý ñ³ëïí»É. be ~ for everything ³Ù»Ý ÇÝãÇ
·áõ߳ϻÉ. ~ smb’s thoughts Ù»ÏÇ Ùïù»ñÁ å³ïñ³ëï ÉÇÝ»É. R~, steady, go ! Ùñ½.
ϳñ¹³É. ~ through ͳÛñÇó ͳÛñ ϳñ¹³É. ~ ä³ïñ³ëï, áõß³¹Çñ, Ù³ñß. (å³ïñ³ë-
smth differently ³ÛÉ Ï»ñå ѳëϳݳÉ. ~ smn ï³Ï³Ù, Ñáųñ) a ~ helper å³ïñ³ë-
ï³Ï³Ù û·Ý³Ï³Ý. give a ~ assent ëÇñáí
like a book ³ÙμáÕç ¿áõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ó÷³Ýó»É.
ѳٳӳÛÝí»É. ~ money ϳÝËÇÏ ·áõÙ³ñ.
(ë³ñù»ñ, ·áñÍÇùÝ»ñ) óáõÛó ï³É. ~ a meter
(³ñ³·) a ~ wit ëáõñ/³ñ³·³ß³ñÅ ÙÇïù.
ѳßíÇãÇ ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÁ ϳñ¹³É. the speedome-
have a ~ tongue ׳ñï³ñ É»½áõ áõݻݳÉ. find
ter ~s 90 ëåǹáÙ»ïñÇ (³ñ³·³ã³÷Çã)
a ~ sale ɳí/³ñ³· í³×³éí»É. ~ at hand
óáõóÙáõÝùÁ ÇÝÝëáõÝ ¿. (áõëáõÙݳëÇñ»É,
Ó»éùÇ/ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï:
ëáíáñ»É) ~ Spanish/math Çëå³Ý»ñ»Ý/ٳû-
Ù³ïÇϳ ëáíáñ»É/áõëáõÙݳëÇñ»É. ~ between
ready-cooked [‚redi΄kukt] a å³ïñ³ëïÇ
(áõï»É»Õ»Ý). ~ foods Ëáѳñ³ñ³Ï³Ý ³ñ-
the lines ϳñ¹³É ïáÕ»ñÇ ³ñ³ÝùáõÙ. ~ far
ï³¹ñ³Ýù. a ~ chicken å³ïñ³ëïÇ ×áõï:
into the night ÙÇÝ㨠áõß ·Çß»ñ ϳñ¹³É.
ready-made [‚redi΄meid] a å³ïñ³ëïÇ. ~
(³ë»É) The letter ~s ܳٳÏáõÙ ³ëíáõÙ ¿. The
clothes å³ïñ³ëïÇ Ñ³·áõëï:
sentence ~s ܳ˳¹³ëáõÃÛáõÝÁ ³Ûëå»ë ¿
reaffirm [‚ri:ə΄fə:m] v í»ñ³Ñ³ëï³ï»É,
ÑÝãáõÙ:
ÏñÏÇÝ Ñ³ëï³ï»É:
readable [΄ri:dəbl] a ÁÝûéÝ»ÉÇ. Ñ»- reagent [ri΄eidзənt] n ùÇÙ. ѳϳ½¹³Ï,
ï³ùñùñ³Ï³Ý: 黳ÏïÇí:
realistic 669 reason

real [riəl] a ÇëϳϳÝ, Çñ³Ï³Ý. a ~ artist/hero of the house ï³Ý Ñ»ï¨Ç ÏáÕÙÁ. bring up the
ÇëÏ³Ï³Ý ÝϳñÇã/Ñ»ñáë. his ~ name Ýñ³ Çë- ~ »ñÃÁ (í»ñç³)÷³Ï»É. the ~ of the train
Ï³Ï³Ý ³ÝáõÝÁ. ~ gold ÇëÏ³Ï³Ý áëÏÇ. ~ ·Ý³óùÇ Ñ»ï¨Ç í³·áÝÝ»ñÁ. the view
friend ×ßÙ³ñÇï ÁÝÏ»ñ. ~ coffee ÇëÏ³Ï³Ý from the ~ ï»ëùÁ Ñ»ï¨Çó. in/the ~ ÃÇÏáõÝ-
ëáõñ×. ~ estate ³Ýß³ñÅ ·áõÛù. ~ danger Çñ³- ùáõÙ:
Ï³Ý íï³Ý·. the ~ power Çñ³Ï³Ý Çß˳Ýáõ- rear [riə] a Ñ»ï¨Ç, ÃÇÏáõÝù³ÛÇÝ. ~ wall/door/
ÃÛáõÝ. in ~ life Çñ³Ï³Ý ÏÛ³ÝùáõÙ, Çëϳå»ë. seat Ñ»ï¨Ç å³ï. (Ù»ù»Ý³ÛÇ) h»ï¨Ç
~ fact/reason/event é»³É ÷³ëï. ÇëÏ³Ï³Ý ¹áõéÁ/Ýëïáó. ~ axle Ñ»ï¨Ç ëéÝÇ:
å³ï׳é. é»³É Çñ³¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝ. the ~ truth rear [riə] v ³×»óÝ»É, ¹³ëïdzñ³Ï»É. ~ hor-
Çñ³Ï³Ý ×ßÙ³ñïáõÃÛáõÝÁ. show one’s ~ char- ses/ children ÓÇ μáõÍ»É. »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñ ³×»ó-
acter Çñ³Ï³Ý ¹»ÙùÁ óáõÛó ï³É: Ý»É/¹³ëïdzñ³Ï»É. be ~ed in the country
realistic [riə΄listik] a ·áñÍݳϳÝ, Çñ³Ï³Ý. ·ÛáõÕáõ٠ٻͳݳÉ. (í»ñ μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É) The
a ~ plan Çñ³Ï³Ý åɳÝ. be ~ Çñ»ñÇÝ é»³- snake ~ed its head úÓÁ μ³ñÓñ³óñ»ó ·ÉáõËÁ.
ÉÇëïáñ»Ý ݳۻÉ. ·áñÍݳϳÝ/Çñ³ï»ë ÉÇ- The horse ~ ÒÇÝ Í³éë »Õ³í:
Ý»É. a ~ portrayal Çñ³Ï³Ý Ýϳñ³·Çñ: rear-admiral [‚riə΄ædmrəl] n ÷áËÍáí³-
realit/y [ri΄æləti] n Çñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ×ßÙ³ñ- ϳÉ:
ïáõÃÛáõÝ, ÇëÏáõÃÛáõÝ in ~ Çñ³Ï³ÝáõÙ. harsh rear-guard [΄riəga:d] n í»ñç³å³Ñ ½áñù:
~ ies ³ÝáÕáñÙ Çñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. get back to ~ rearm [ri΄a:m] v í»ñ³½Çݻɣ
í»ñ³¹³éÝ³É Çñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³ÝÁ: rearmament [ri΄a:məmənt] n í»ñ³½ÇÝáõÙ:
realizable [΄riəlaizəbl] a Çñ³·áñÍ»ÉÇ, rearmost [΄riəməust] a ³Ù»Ý³Ñ»-
Çñ³Ï³Ý³Ý³ÉÇ: ïÇÝ/í»ñçÇÝ:
realization [‚riəlai΄zei∫n] n Çñ³Ï³Ý³óáõÙ. rearrange [‚ri:ə΄reindз] v í»ñ³¹³ë³íáñ»É,
~ of human rights Ù³ñ¹áõ Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³Ï³½Ù»É, Ýáñ Ó¨áí ¹³ë³íáñ»É. ~ a pro-
Çñ³Ï³Ý³óáõÙ. (ÁÙμéÝáõÙ, ·Çï³ÏóáõÙ) gramme/the time table í»ñ³Ï³½Ù»É Íñ³·ÇñÁ.
have a full ~ of å³ñ½/Ñëï³Ï ·Çï³Ïó»É/ ¹³ë³ï³Ëï³ÏÁ Ýáñ Ó¨áí ϳ½Ù»É:
ѳëϳݳÉ: rearward [΄riəwəd] n ß³ñùÁ ÷³ÏáÕ
realize [΄riəlaiz] v ·Çï³Ïó»É, ѳëϳݳÉ. ~ ½áñ³Ù³ë. í»ñç³å³Ñ ½áñù:
the problems å³ïÏ»ñ³óÝ»É åñáμÉ»ÙÝ»ñÁ. I rearwards [΄riəwədz] adv Ñ»ï, ¹»åÇ
didn’t ~ ºë ã·Çï»Ç/ã¿Ç å³ïÏ»ñ³óÝáõÙ. ÃÇÏáõÝù, ÃÇÏáõÝùÇ ÏáÕÙÁ:
(Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É, Çñ³·áñÍ»É) ~ plans/one’s reason [΄ri:zn] n å³ï׳é, ÑÇÙù. ÷³ë-
dreams/hopes Íñ³·ñ»ñÁ/»ñ³½Ý»ñÁ/ÑáõÛë»ñÁ ï³ñÏ, ÑÇÙݳíáñáõÙ. real/important/ serious/
Çñ³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É. ~ property ·áõÛùÁ í³×³é»É: strong ~ Çñ³Ï³Ý/ϳñ¨áñ/Éáõñç/ͳÝñ³ÏßÇé
really [΄riəli] adv Çëϳå»ë, Çñáù, ³ñ¹³ñ¨. å³ï׳é. by ~ of age ï³ñÇùÇ å³ï׳éáí.
not ~? ÙDZû. It was ~ cold Þ³ï óáõñï ¿ñ. I for ~s best known ù³ç ѳÛïÝÇ å³ï׳é-
don’t ~ believe him ºë Çñáù Ýñ³Ý ã»Ù ѳ- Ý»ñáí. for one ~ or another ³Ûë ϳ٠³ÛÝ
í³ÝáõÙ: å³ï׳éáí. for no good ~, for no reason at all
realm [relm] n ó·³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. ÷Ëμ. ³é³Ýó áñ¨¿ å³ï׳éÇ. all the more ~
ï»ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ïÇñ³å»ïáõÃÛáõÝ: ³é³í»É ¨ë. give/tell one’s ~s Ýϳï³éáõÙ-
realtor [΄riəltə] n ³Ýß³ñÅ ·áõÛùÇ ·áñͳϳÉ: Ý»ñÝ ³ë»É. (ÑÇÙù) have a ~ ÑÇÙù áõݻݳÉ.
realty [΄riəlti] n ³Ýß³ñÅ ·áõÛù: convincing/poor ~s ѳÙá½Çã/³ÝѳÙá½Çã
reap [ri:p] v ÑÝÓ»É, ù³Õ»É. μ»ñù ѳí³ù»É. ÑÇÙù»ñ. No ~s for ÐÇÙù»ñ ãϳÝ. inadequate
~ the rewards ÷Ëμ. Çñ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ ~s ³ÝÁݹáõÝ»ÉÇ å³ï׳éÝ»ñ. inconsistent
åïáõÕÁ ù³Õ»É. ~ as one has sown ÆÝã áñ ~s ³Ýѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý å³ï׳éÝ»ñ.
ó³Ý»ë, ³ÛÝ ÏÑÝÓ»ë: bring to ~ Ë»ÉùÇ μ»ñ»É, Ë»Éù ³í»É³óÝ»É.
reaper [΄ri:pə] n ÑÝÓíáñ, ÑÝÓÇã Ù»ù»Ý³: come to ~ Ë»ÉùÇ ·³É. lose one’s ~ Ë»ÉùÁ
reaping-hook [΄ri:piŋhuk] n ٳݷ³Õ: ÏáñóÝ»É. stand to ~ Ë»ÉùÇ Ùáï ÉÇÝ»É. listen
reappear [‚ri:ə΄piə] v ÝáñÇó »ñ¨³É/ to ~ μ³Ý³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ó³ÛÝÁ Éë»É. within ~
ѳÛïÝí»É: μ³Ý³Ï³Ý ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ. beyond all ~ μ³-
rear [riə] n Ñ»ï¨Ç ÏáÕÙ, ÃÇÏáõÝù. Ù»çù. the ~ ݳϳÝáõÃÛáõÝÇó í»ñ:
reasonable 670 recapitulation

reason [΄ri:zn] v ¹³ï»É. ËáñÑ»É. ÑÇÙݳíá- against... ºñ»Ë³Ý»ñÁ μáÕáù»óÇÝ Áݹ¹»Ù..£


ñ»É. ~ a sentence ¹³ï³í×ÇéÁ ÑÇÙݳíáñ»É. rebellion [ri΄beljən] n ³åëï³ÙμáõÃÛáõÝ,
~ out Ïßé³¹³ï»É. ~ out the concequences ËéáíáõÃÛáõÝ. ËëÏó. ¹ÇÙ³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ, íñ¹áí-
ËáñÑ»É Ñ»ï¨³ÝùÝ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ. ~ into ѳÙá- ÙáõÝù, ½³ÛñáõÛÃ:
½»É. ~ smn into agreeing ѳÙá½»É Ù»ÏÇÝ Ñ³- rebellious [ri΄beljəs] a ³åëï³Ùμ, Ëéáí³-
Ù³Ó³ÛÝí»É. (try to) ~ with smn ÷áñÓ»É Ñ³Ùá- ñ³ñ. ÷Ëμ. ÁÙμáëï, Ëéáí³ÑáõÛ½. ³Ýϳñ-
½»É Ù»ÏÇÝ: ·³å³Ñ, ³ÝÑݳ½³Ý¹. ~ speech/spirit Ëéá-
reasonable [΄ri:znəbl] a ˻ɳÙÇï, áÕç³- í³ÑáõÛ½ ׳é. ÁÙμáëï á·Ç. ~ students
ÙÇï. ËáÑ»Ù, ã³÷³íáñ. ~ prices ã³÷³íáñ íñ¹áíí³Í/½³Ûñ³ó³Í áõë³ÝáÕÝ»ñ. a ~
·Ý»ñ. beyond any ~ doubt ³é³Ýó áñ¨¿ child ³ÝÑݳ½³Ý¹ »ñ»Ë³:
ÑÇÙݳíáñ/˻ɳÙÇï ϳëϳÍÇ, ÑÇÙݳíáñ reborn [‚ri:΄bɔ:n] a í»ñ³ÍÝí³Í:
ϳëϳÍÝ»ñÇó ¹áõñë. be ~ about smth rebound [΄ri:baund] n ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓ ÃéÇãù,
˻ɳÙÇï Ùáï»óáõÙ áõݻݳÉ, ˻ɳÙïáñ»Ý ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓáõÙ. hit the ball on the ~ Ë÷»É
Ùáï»Ý³É. ~ grounds áÕç³ÙÇï ÑÇÙù»ñ. ~ su- ·Ý¹³ÏÇÝ ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓ ÃéÇãùÇ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï:
spicion ÑÇÙݳíáñí³Í ϳëϳÍ. find smth ~ rebound [ri΄baund] v Ñ»ï Ãéã»É, ³Ý¹ñ³-
áÕç³ÙÇï ѳٳñ»É. ~ time ˻ɳÙÇï ¹³éݳÉ, ÁÝÏñÏ»É. The ball ~ed from the wall
ųٳݳÏ: ¶Ý¹³ÏÁ ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓ³í å³ïÇó. The
reasonably [΄ri:znəbli] adv ˻ɳóÇáñ»Ý, wrong he did ~ed on himself Æñ ³ñ³Í
ÑÇÙݳíáñ Ï»ñåáí. μ³í³Ï³Ý: í³ïáõÃÛáõÝÁ/ã³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ Çñ ¹»Ù ¹áõñë
reasoning [΄ri:zniŋ] n ¹³ïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. I don’t »Ï³í:
follow your ~ â»Ù ѳëϳÝáõÙ Ó»ñ ¹³ïá- rebuff [ri΄bΛf] n ÏïñáõÏ Ù»ñÅáõÙ/å³ï³ë-
ÕáõÃÛ³Ý ÁÝóóùÁ: ˳Ý/ѳϳѳñí³Í. meet with a ~ ÏïñáõÏ
reassert [‚ri:ə΄sə:t] v ѳëï³ï»É, ѳí³ë- ѳϳѳñí³Í/Ù»ñÅáõÙ ëï³Ý³É:
ïdzóÝ»É: rebuild [ri:΄bild] v í»ñ³Ï³éáõó»É, í»ñ³-
reassess [‚ri:ə΄ses] v í»ñ³·Ý³Ñ³ï»É: ϳݷݻÉ:
reassign [‚ri:ə΄sain] v í»ñ³÷á˳Ýó»É: rebuilt [ri:΄bilt] a í»ñ³Ï³éáõóí³Í, í»ñ³-
reassurance [‚ri:ə΄∫uərəns] n ѳí³ëïdz- ϳݷÝí³Í:
óáõÙ, íëï³Ñ»óáõÙ, Ñáñ¹áñ. His words were rebuke [ri΄bju:k] n ѳݹÇÙ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ,
a great ~ Üñ³ μ³é»ñÁ ß³ï íëï³Ñ»óÝáÕ Ïßï³Ùμ³Ýù. without ~ ³Ýμ³ëÇñ, ³Ýå³ñ-
¿ÇÝ/Ù»Í ë³ï³ñáõÙ ¿ÇÝ: ë³í»ÉÇ:
reassure [‚ri:ə΄∫ɔ:] v ѳí³ëïdzóÝ»É, Ñáñ- rebus [΄ri:bəs] n Ýϳñ³Ñ³Ý»ÉáõÏ, é»μáõë:
¹áñ»É, ѳݷëï³óÝ»É. feel/be ~d rebut [ri΄bΛt] v ѳϳѳñí³Í ï³É, Ñ»ï
ѳݷëï³Ý³É, ѳí³ëïdzݳÉ: ÙÕ»É:
reassuring [‚ri:ə΄∫uəriŋ] a ѳݷëï³óáõóÇã, recalcitrant [ri΄kælsitrənt] a ³ÝÑݳ½³Ý¹,
ù³ç³É»ñáÕ. His presence/promise was ~ Üñ³ ãÉëáÕ:
Ý»ñϳÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ/ËáëïáõÙÁ ù³ç³É»ñáÕ ¿ñ: recall [ri΄kɔ:l] n ¹íÝ·.å³ßïáÝÇó Ñ»ï ϳÝ-
reave [ri:v] v ѳ÷ßï³Ï»É, ÏáÕáåï»É, ãáõÙ/ϳÝã»ÉÁ). é½Ù. í»ñ³¹³ñÓÇ ³½¹³-
óɳݻÉ. ËÉ»É: Ýß³Ý. beyond/past ~ ³Ýí»ñ³Ï³Ý·Ý»ÉÇ, ³Ý-
reaver [΄ri:və] n ³í³½³Ï, ÏáÕáåïÇã, áõÕÕ»ÉÇ. The chance is gone beyond ~ Ðݳ-
óɳÝãÇ: ñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³Ý¹³éݳÉÇáñ»Ý Ïáñëí»É ¿.
rebate [΄ri:beit] n Çç»óáõÙ, å³Ï³ë»óáõÙ, letter of ~ ¹íÝ·. Ý»ñϳÝãÙ³Ý Ý³Ù³Ï:
Ýí³½»óáõÙ: racall [ri΄kɔ:l] v (¹íÝ·., é½Ù.) Ñ»ï ϳÝã»É.
rebel [΄rebl] n ³åëï³Ùμ, Ëéáí³ñ³ñ£ be ~ed from holiday ³ñÓ³Ïáõñ¹Çó Ñ»ï
rebel [΄rebl] a ³åëï³Ùμ, Ëéáí³ñ³ñ. the ~ ϳÝãí»É. (í»ñÑÇß»É, Ùï³μ»ñ»É) ~ a name/ad-
troops/students ³åëï³Ùμ ½áñù»ñ, çáϳï- dress/event ³ÝáõÝÁ/ѳëó»Ý/Çñ³¹³ñÓáõ-
Ý»ñ/ áõë³ÝáÕÝ»ñ£ ÃáõÝÁ ÑÇß»É. It ~s me the day ¸³ ÇÝÓ ÑÇ-
rebel [ri΄bel] v ³åëï³Ùμ»É, ¹ÇÙ³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ß»óÝáõÙ ¿ ³ÛÝ ûñÁ. ~ the order Ññ³Ù³ÝÁ
óáõÛó ï³É, μáÕáù»É. ËëÏó. íñ¹áíí»É, ½³Û- ã»ÕÛ³É Ñ³Ù³ñ»É:
ñ³Ý³É, ÁÙμáëï³Ý³É. The children ~led recapitulate [‚ri:kə΄pit∫uleit] v »½ñ³÷³Ï»É,
recapitulative 671 reciprocate

³Ù÷á÷»É. ѳٳéáï ÏñÏÝ»É: ÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ/Çñ³¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ/ ׳Ù-


recapitulation [‚ri:kəpit∫u΄lei∫n] n ѳٳ- ÷áñ¹áõÃÛáõÝÁ. in the ~ past ÙáïÇÏ/áã Ñ»éáõ
éáï ÏñÏÝáõÃÛáõÝ. »½ñ³Ï³óáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ù÷á- ³ÝóÛ³ÉáõÙ. in ~ years í»ñçÇÝ ï³ñÇÝ»ñÇ
÷áõÙ: ÁÝóóùáõÙ. within ~ memory í»ñçÇÝ ÑÇß»-
recapitulative [‚ri:kə΄pit∫ulətiv] a ѳٳ- Éáí (¹»é ϳñ»ÉÇ ¿ ÑÇß»É):
éáï (³ÏݳñÏ, ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ): recently [΄ri:sntli] adv í»ñç»ñë, Ýáñ»ñë, áã
recapture [ri:΄kæpt∫ə] v í»ñ³·ñ³í»É. í³Õáõó. until very ~ ÙÇÝ㨠í»ñç»ñë. as ~ as
μéÝ»É. í»ñ³ëï»ÕÍ»É. The runaway was ~d last week ¹»é ³ÝóÛ³É ß³μ³Ã:
ö³Ëëï³Ï³ÝÇÝ μéÝ»óÇÝ. ~ the atmosphere receptacle [ri΄septəkl] n ½»ï»Õ³ñ³Ý,
ÙÃÝáÉáñïÁ í»ñ³ëï»ÕÍ»É: ³åñ³ÝùÁ ½»ï»Õ»Éáõ ѳñÙ³ñ³Ýù:
recast [‚ri:΄ka:st] n Ó¨³÷áË»É, Ýáñ Ó¨ ï³É. reception [ri΄sep∫n] n ÁݹáõÝ»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ,
í»ñ³Ï³éáõó»É: ÁݹáõÝáõÙ. favourable/warm ~ ç»ñÙ/ëÇñ³ÉÇñ
recede [ri΄si:d] v Ñ»é³Ý³É, ݳѳÝç»É. ~ into ÁݹáõÝ»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ. hold a ~ ÁݹáõÝ»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ
the background Ñ»ïÇÝ åɳÝÝ ³ÝóÝ»É. His ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñå»É. ~ desk ·ñ³ÝóÙ³Ý μ³ÅÇÝ
hair is receding Üñ³ Ù³½»ñÁ Ýáëñ³ÝáõÙ »Ý. (é»·Çëïñ³ïáõñ³). (é³¹Çá, Ñ»é.) ѳÕáñ-
Our hopes ~d Ø»ñ ÑáõÛë»ñÁ ëÏë»óÇÝ Ù³ñ»É. ¹áõÙÝ»ñÇ ÁݹáõÝáõÙ. R~ is very bad here è³-
The waters ~d лջÕÝ ëÏë»ó ÇçÝ»É: ¹Çá³ÉÇùÝ»ñÝ ³Ûëï»Õ ɳí ã»Ý ÁݹáõÝíáõÙ:
receipt [ri΄si:t] n ëï³óáõÙ, ëï³Ý³ÉÁ. ëï³- receptionist [ri΄sep∫nist] n ·ñ³ÝóáÕ (ÑÛáõ-
ó³Ï³Ý, ³Ý¹áññ³·Çñ. ËÑñ. μ³Õ³¹ñ³- ñ³Ýáó, μÅßÏÇ Áݹáõݳñ³Ý ¨ ³ÛÉÝ):
ïáÙë. a ~ for 100 doll. ѳñÛáõñ ¹áɳñÇ receptive [ri΄septiv] a ÁÝϳÉáõݳÏ, ¹Ûáõñ-
ëï³ó³Ï³Ý. ~ book ³Ý¹áññ³·ñ»ñÇ ÁÙμéÝáÕ:
·ñùáõÛÏ. give/keep a ~ ëï³ó³Ï³ÝÁ ï³É/ receptivity [‚ri:sep΄tivəti] n ÁÝϳÉáõݳÏáõ-
å³Ñ»É. ~s Ñßí. Ùáõïù. ~s ëï³óáõÙ, ëï³- ÃÛáõÝ. ï³ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ï³ñáÕáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
ݳÉÁ. »Ï³Ùáõï. on ~ ëï³Ý³ÉáõÝ å»ë. on ~ recess [ri΄ses] n ÁݹÙÇçáõÙ, ÁݹѳïáõÙ
of goods ³åñ³ÝùÁ ëï³Ý³ÉáõÝ å»ë: (å³éɳٻÝïáõÙ, ³ß˳ï³ÝùáõÙ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ).
receive [ri΄si:v] v ëï³Ý³É, ÁݹáõÝ»É. ~ in- Parlament is in ~ ä³éɳٻÝïÁ ³ñÓ³Ïáõñ¹Ç
formation/a refusal/a wound/shock ï»Õ»Ïáõ- Ù»ç ¿. ×ñï. áñÙݳËáñß (Ù³Ñ׳ϳÉÇ).
ÃÛáõÝ/Ù»ñÅáõÙ/í»ñù/ѳñí³Í ëï³Ý³É. ~ áñÙݳÝóù (¹é³Ý, å³ïáõѳÝÇ). in the ~ of
any advice ËáñÑáõñ¹ ÁݹáõÝ»É. ~ guests ÑÛáõ- cave/mind ù³ñ³ÛñÇ/·Çï³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ëáñ-
ñ»ñ ÁݹáõÝ»É. be warmly ~d ç»ñÙ Áݹáõ- ùáõÙ:
Ý»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ ëï³Ý³É. The idea was well ~d recession [ri΄se∫n] n ïÝï. ¹³Ý¹³Õ ³ÝÏáõÙ.
¶³Õ³÷³ñÁ ɳí ÁÝϳÉí»ó. ~ sympathy/no ѳå³ÕáõÙ:
sympathy ѳí³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý/ѳٳÏñ³ÝùÇ ³ñ- recessive [ri΄sesiv] a Ñ»ï ·Ý³óáÕ, ݳѳÝ-
ųݳݳÉ/ã³ñųݳݳÉ: çáÕ. Ñ»é³óíáÕ:
received [ri΄si:vd] a (μáÉáñÇ ÏáÕÙÇó) ÁÝ- recharge [‚ri:΄t∫a:dз] v í»ñ³ÉÇóù³íáñ»É,
¹áõÝí³Í: í»ñ³ÉóÝ»É:
receiver [ri΄si:və] n ëï³óáÕ. ¹³ï³Ï³Ý recipe [΄resəpi] n ¹»Õ³ïáÙë, μ³Õ³¹ñ³-
ϳï³ñ³Íáõ. é³¹ÇáÁݹáõÝÇã, Ñ»é³Ëáë³- ïáÙë. a ~ for cake ïáñÃÇ μ³Õ³¹ñ³ïáÙë. ~
÷áÕ. take /put down/hung up the ~ Ñ»é³Ëá- for success ÷Ëμ. ѳçáÕáõÃÛ³Ý ¹»Õ³ïáÙë.
ë³÷áÕÁ í»ñóÝ»É/¹Ý»É/ϳ˻É. official ~ ~ book Ëáѳñ³ñ³Ï³Ý ·Çñù:
å³ßïáÝ³Ï³Ý ëï³óáÕ. a ~ of stolen goods recipient [ri΄sipiənt] n ëï³óáÕ, ÁݹáõÝáÕ,
·áÕ³ó³Í ³åñ³Ýù ·ÝáÕ/óùóÝáÕ: ÁݹáõÝÇã. ѳëó»³ï»ñ£
receiving [ri΄si:viŋ] a ÁݹáõÝáÕ. ~ country/ reciprocal [ri΄siprəkl] a ÷á˳¹³ñÓ, »ñÏ-
state ÁݹáõÝáÕ »ñÏÇñ/å»ïáõÃÛáõÝ: ÏáÕÙ³ÝÇ. ù»ñ. ÷á˳¹³ñÓ ¹»ñ³ÝáõÝ.
recency [΄ri:snsi] n ÝáñáõÃÛáõÝ, ÝáñáõÛÃ, Ù³Ã. ѳϳ¹³ñÓ Ù»ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ agreement
óñÙáõÃÛáõÝ: /concessions ÷á˳¹³ñÓ Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝáõ-
recent [΄ri:snt] a í»ñç»ñë å³ï³Ñ³Í, Ýáñ, ÃÛáõÝ/½ÇçáõÙÝ»ñ:
óñÙ, í»ñçÇÝ. ~ discoveries/events/journey reciprocate [ri΄siprəkeit] v ÷á˳ݳϻÉ,
í»ñçÇÝ/í»ñç»ñë å³ï³Ñ³Í ѳÛïݳ·áñ- ÷á˳¹³ñÓ»É. ~ one’s kindness ÷á˳¹³ñ-
reciprocity 672 recommendation

Óáñ»Ý å³ï³ëË³Ý»É ëÇñ³ÉÇñáõÃÛ³ÝÁ recline [ri΄klain] v Ù»çùáí Ñ»Ýí»É, ¹»åÇ


(ÙǨÝáõÛÝ Ó¨áí å³ï³ë˳ݻÉ): Ñ»ï ûùí»É. ÷Ëμ. ³å³íÇÝ»É, ÑáõÛë ¹Ý»É.
reciprocity [‚resi΄prɒsəti] n ÷á˳¹³ñÓáõ- ~ on the grass/sofa å³éÏ»É ËáïÇ íñ³/μ³½-
ÃÛáõÝ, ÷á˳½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ; ÙáóÇÝ:
recital [ri΄saitl] n Ýϳñ³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ß³ñ³¹- recluse [ri΄klu:s] n ٻݳÏÛ³ó, ׷ݳíáñ:
ñ³Ýù, å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ. »ñÅß. ٻݳѳٻñ·. ~ reclusive [ri΄klu:siv] a Ù»Ïáõë³ó³Í, Ù»Ýáõ-
of adventures ³ñϳÍÝ»ñÇ Ýϳñ³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ³åñáÕ:
a poetry ~ åỽdzÛÇ »ñ»Ïá. ~s Çñ³í. recognition [‚rekəg΄ni∫n] n ׳ݳãáõÙ, ÁÝ-
(÷³ëï³ÃÕÃÇ) Ý»ñ³Í³Ï³Ý Ù³ë: ¹áõÝáõÙ. ѳí³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. in ~ of Ç Ýß³Ý ×³-
recitation [‚resi΄tei∫n] n ³ñï³ë³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ݳãÙ³Ý. win general ~ ѳÙÁݹѳÝáõñ ׳-
³ëÙáõÝù. ¹³ëÇ μ³Ý³íáñ ѳñóáõÙ. óáõ- ݳãáõÙ ëï³Ý³É. give a sign of ~ ׳ݳã»Éáõ
ó³ÏÇ/ó³ÝÏÇ ÁÝûñóáõÙ. give a ~ of poems Ýß³Ý ³Ý»É change beyond ~ ³Ý׳ݳã»-
μ³Ý³ëï»ÕÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ³ñï³ë³Ý»É: ÉÇáñ»Ý ÷áËí»É:
recite [ri΄sait] v å³ïÙ»É, ¹³ëÁ å³ï³ë˳- recognizable [΄rekəgnaizəbl] a ׳ݳã»ÉÇ.
Ý»É. Ãí³ñÏ»É, ß³ñ³¹ñ»É. ~ all the details scarcely ~ ѳ½Çí ׳ݳã»ÉÇ:
μáÉáñ Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ Ãí³ñÏ»É. recognizance [ri΄kɒgnizəns] n »ñ³ßËÇù.
(³ñï³ë³Ý»É) ~ poetry μ³Ý³ëï»ÕÍáõÃÛáõÝ- ·ñ³í, ·ñ³í³Ï³Ý:
Ý»ñ ³ñï³ë³Ý»É: recognize [΄rekəgnaiz] v ׳ݳã»É, ÇٳݳÉ.
reciter [ri΄saitə] n ³ñï³ë³ÝáÕ, ³ëÙáõÝùáÕ: ÁݹáõÝ»É. ~ smb’s voice/handwriting Ó³ÛÝÁ/
reckless [΄rekləs] a ³ÝËáÑ»Ù, ³ÝÙÇï, ӻ鳷ÇñÁ ׳ݳã»É. ~ smb’s rights Ù»ÏÇ
³Ýßñç³Ñ³Û³ó. ~ of the danger/consequences Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÁ ׳ݳã»É/ÁݹáõÝ»É ~ a new
íï³Ý·Á/ѻ勉ÝùÝ»ñÁ ѳßíÇ ã³éÝ»É/μ³- manager Ýáñ ïÝûñ»ÝÇÝ ×³Ý³ã»É/ÁݹáõÝ»É:
ÝÇ ï»Õ ã¹Ý»É. ~ driving (Ù»ù»Ý³ÛÇ) ³ÝËá- recognized [΄rekəgnaizd] a ׳ݳãí³Í. of-
Ñ»Ù/³Ý½·áõÛß í³ñáõÙ£ ficially ~ å³ßïáݳå»ë ׳ݳãí³Í. ~ com-
recklessness [΄rekləsnəs] n ³Ý½·áõßáõÃÛáõÝ, petence ׳ݳãí³Í Çñ³í³ëáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÑÇÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. gross ~ Ù»Í ÑÇÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ: recognition [‚rekəg΄ni∫n] n ׳ݳãáõÙ, ׳-
reckon [΄rekən] v ѳßí»É, ѳßí³ñÏ»É. ѳß- ݳã»ÉÁ. ~ of state å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ×³Ý³ãáõÙ.
íÇ ³éÝ»É. ~ up the bill ѳßÇíÁ Ç ÙÇ μ»ñ»É. win ~ ׳ݳãáõÙ ëï³Ý³É:
ѳßí³ñÏáõ٠ϳï³ñ»É. They ~ him to be a recoil [΄ri:kɔil] n Ñ»ï³Ñ³ñáõÙ (Ññ³½»ÝÇ).
genius Üñ³Ý ѳÝ׳ñ »Ý ѳٳñáõÙ. ë³ñë³÷, ½½í³Ýù£
~ing from today ³Ûëûñí³ÝÇó ѳßí³Í. recoil [ri΄kɔil] v ÁÝÏñÏ»É, Ñ»ï ù³ßí»É. ~ in
~ up with smn Ù»ÏÇ Ñ»ï ѳßÇíÝ»ñÁ ÷³Ï»É. horror ë³ñë³÷Çó Ñ»ï ù³ßí»É. (Ññ³½»Ý)
~ with ѳßíÇ ³éÝ»É/Ýëï»É. a man to be Ñ»ï³Ñ³ñ»É:
~ed with Ù³ñ¹, áñÇ Ñ»ï å»ïù ¿ ѳßíÇ recollect [‚ri:kə΄lekt] v ÑÇß»É, í»ñÑÇß»É,
Ýëï»É: Ùï³μ»ñ»É. as far as one can ~ áñù³Ýáí áñ
reckoning [΄rekəniŋ] n ѳßÇí, ѳßí³ñ- ϳñ»ÉÇ ¿ ÑÇß»É:
ÏáõÙ. by my ~ Ç٠ѳßíáí. be out in one’s ~ Çñ recollection [‚rekə΄lek∫n] n ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝ,
ѳßÇíÝ»ñÇ Ù»ç ë˳Éí»É. make no ~ of Ñáõß, í»ñÑáõß. ~s of the past ³ÝóÛ³ÉÇ Ñáõß»ñ.
ѳßíÇ ã³éÝ»É. áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ã¹³ñÓÝ»É. by to the best of my ~ áñù³Ýáí »ë ÑÇßáõÙ »Ù:
any ~ μáÉáñ/ó³Ýϳó³Í ѳßí³ñÏÝ»ñáí. the recommend [‚rekə΄mend] v ѳÝÓݳñ³ñ»É,
day of ~ ѳïáõóÙ³Ý Å³ÙÁ: ËáñÑáõñ¹ ï³É, ³é³ç³¹ñ»É, Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É.
reclaim [ri΄kleim] v áõÕÕ»É, í»ñ³Ï³Ý·Ý»É. This method is not ~ed ²Ûë Ù»Ãá¹Á ãÇ
Ñ»ï å³Ñ³Ýç»É. ~ one`s belongings Çñ»ñÁ ѳÝÓݳñ³ñíáõÙ. ~ smb for a post/decoration
Ñ»ï í»ñóÝ»É/å³Ñ³Ýç»É. ~ land Ýáñ ÑáÕ»ñ å³ßïáÝÇ/ßù³Ýß³ÝÇ ³é³ç³¹ñ»É/Ý»ñϳ-
Ûáõñ³óÝ»É: Û³óÝ»É. a list of ~ed books ѳÝÓݳñ³ñí³Í
reclaim [ri΄kleim] n beyond/past ~ ³ÝáõÕÕ»- ·ñù»ñÇ óáõó³Ï:
ÉÇ£ recommendation [‚rekəmen΄dei∫n] n ³é³-
reclamation [‚reklə΄mei∫n] n áõÕÕáõÙ, ç³ñÏ, ËáñÑáõñ¹, ѳÝÓݳñ³ñáõÙ. on his ~
ßïÏáõÙ. å³Ñ³ÝçÇ Ñ³Ûï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ: Ýñ³ ѳÝÓݳñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ. make ~s ³é³-
recommendatory 673 recreancy

ç³ñÏÝ»ñ ³Ý»É. a letter of ~ ѳÝÓݳñ³ñ³- have a criminal ~ Çñ³í. ¹³ïí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ


Ï³Ý Ý³Ù³Ï: áõݻݳÉ. have a ~ of mental illness Ñ᷻ϳÝ
recommendatory [‚rekə΄mendətəri] a ˳ݷ³ñáõÙ áõݻݳÉ. have an excellent /work
ѳÝÓݳñ³ñ³Ï³Ý: ~ ·»ñ³½³Ýó ³ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ Ï»Ýë³·ñáõ-
recompense [΄rekəmpens] n ÷áËѳïáõ- ÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ. smn’s past ~ Ù³ñ¹áõ
óáõÙ, í³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛáõÝ: ³ÝóÛ³ÉÁ. criminal ~ Çñ³í. ¹³ïí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ.
recompense [΄rekəmpens] v ѳïáõó»É, Ùñ½. é»Ïáñ¹ set up the ~ é»Ïáñ¹ ë³ÑٳݻÉ.
÷áËѳïáõó»É, í³ñÓ³ïñ»É. ~ smb for a loss break/beat the ~ é»Ïáñ¹ Ë÷»É. hold the ~ é»-
ÏáñáõëïÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ÷áËѳïáõó»É: Ïáñ¹Á å³Ñ»É. »ñÅß. Ó³Ûݳëϳí³é³Ï a
reconcilable [΄rekənsailəbl] a ѳßïíáÕ, long-playing ~ »ñϳñ³Ýí³· ëϳí³é³Ï.
ѳٳï»Õ»ÉÇ: make a ~ Ó³Ûݳ·ñ»É. a ~ library Ó³Ûݳ¹³-
reconcile [΄rekənsail] v ѳßï»óÝ»É. ~ two ñ³Ý. a ~ player Ó³ÛݳñÏÇã£
people »ñÏáõëÇÝ Ñ³ßï»óÝ»É. become ~d record [ri΄kɔ:d] v ·ñ³é»É, ·ñ³Ýó»É, ³ñÓ³-
ѳßïí»É. ~ a dispute í»×Á/ï³ñ³Ó³ÛÝáõ- ݳ·ñ»É. Ó³Ûݳ·ñ»É. ~ a song »ñ· Ó³Ûݳ-
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ϳñ·³íáñ»É. ~ oneself to smth ÙÇ ·ñ»É. Her voice doesn’t ~ well Üñ³ Ó³ÛÝÁ ɳí
μ³ÝÇ Ñ»ï ѳßïí»É/ѳٳϻñåí»É: ãÇ Ó³Ûݳ·ñíáõÙ. (ë³ñù»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ) óáõÛó
reconciliation [‚rekənsili΄ei∫n] n ѳßï»- ï³É The thermometer ~ed 40 æ»ñÙ³ã³÷Á
óáõÙ, ѳßïí»ÉÁ. ѳٳӳÛÝ»óáõÙ: óáõÛó ¿ñ ï³ÉÇë 40 ³ëïÇ׳Ý:
recondition [‚ri:kən΄di∫n] v í»ñ³Ýáñá·»É, recorder [ri΄kɔ:də] n Ù³ï»Ý³·Çñ, Ù³ï»-
í»ñ³Ï³ñ·³íáñ»É, í»ñ³Ï³éáõó»É: ݳí³ñ. ³ñӳݳ·ñnÕ, ѳßí³éáÕ. ·ñ³Ý-
reconnaissance [ri΄kɒnisəns] n Ñ»ï³Ëáõ- óáÕ/Ó³Ûݳ·ñáÕ ë³ñù:
½áõÙ, Ñ»ï³Ëáõ½áõÃÛáõÝ. ѻﳽáïáõÙ, ï»- recording [ri΄kɔ:diŋ] n Ó³Ûݳ·ñáõÙ (ݳ¨
Õ³¹ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ patrol Ñ»ï³Ëáõ½³Ï³Ý »ñÅß.):
çáϳï: recount [΄ri:kaunt] v å³ïÙ»É, ß³ñ³¹ñ»É:
reconnoitre [‚rekə΄nɔitə] v í»ñ³Ýáñá·»É, recourse [ri΄kɔ:s] n û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ¹ÇÙ»ÉÁ.
í»ñ³Ï³éáõó»É. í»ñ³ë³ñù³íáñ»É: Çñ³í. ѻﳹ³ñÓ å³Ñ³Ýç. have a ~ to
reconsider [‚ri:kən΄sidə] v í»ñ³Ý³Û»É. û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ¹ÇÙ»É. have a ~ to the law ¹³-
ÙÇïùÁ/áñáßáõÙÁ ÷áË»É: ï³ñ³Ý ¹ÇÙ»É:
reconstruct [‚ri:kən΄strΛkt] v í»ñ³Ï³éáõ- recover [ri΄kΛvə] v í»ñëï³Ý³É. ÝáñÇó
ó»É. í»ñ³Ï³Ý·Ý»É, í»ñ³ëï»ÕÍ»É. ~ events/ ·ïÝ»É/Ó»éù μ»ñ»É. ѳïáõó»É. ~ one’s losses
a crime ÷Ëμ. í»ñ³Ï³Ý·Ý»É Çñ¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝ- Ïáñóñ³ÍÁ Ñ»ï μ»ñ»É. ~ debts å³ñïù»ñÁ
Ý»ñÇ/ á×ñ³·áñÍáõÃÛ³Ý å³ïÏ»ñÁ: ·³ÝÓ»É. ~ one’s balance/breath ѳí³ë³ñ³-
reconstruction [‚ri:kən΄strΛk∫n] n í»ñ³- ÏßéáõÃÛáõÝÁ í»ñ³Ï³Ý·Ý»É. ßáõÝãÁ ï»ÕÁ
ϳéáõóáõÙ. í»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝáõÙ, ëï»ÕÍáõÙ: μ»ñ»É/ßáõÝã ³éÝ»É. ~ consciousness áõßùÇ
record [΄rekɔ:d] n ·ñ³éáõÙ, ·ñ³ÝóáõÙ. ³ñ- ·³É. (í»ñ³Ï³Ý·Ý»É. ³å³ùÇÝí»É, ³éáÕ-
ӳݳ·ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳßí»ïíáõÃÛáõÝ. annual/ ç³Ý³É) ~ one’s health ³éáÕçáõÃÛáõÝÁ/ï»ëá-
full/ detailed ~ ï³ñ»Ï³Ý/ÉñÇí/Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ ÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ í»ñ³Ï³Ý·Ý»É. ~ from an illness
ѳßí»ïíáõÃÛáõÝ. on ~ ·ñÇ ³éÝí³Í, ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝÇó ³å³ùÇÝí»É. fully ~ ÉñÇí
·ñ³Ýóí³Í. keep a ~ ·ñ³ÝóáõÝ»ñ ϳï³- ³éáÕç³Ý³É. Business is ~ing ´Ç½Ý»ëÁ
ñ»É. ~ of service ͳé³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý óáõó³Ï. per- ϳñ·³íáñíáõÙ ¿:
sonnel ~ ³ÝÓݳϳ½ÙÇ óáõó³Ï. health ~ recoverable [ri΄kΛvrəbl] a ѳïáõó»ÉÇ. ~
μÅßÏ³Ï³Ý ù³ñï. off the ~ áã å³ßïá- losses/expenses ѳïáõó»ÉÇ ÏáñáõëïÝ»ñ/
ݳϳÝ. good/fine ~ ɳí/μ³ñÇ Ñ³Ùμ³í. bad ͳËë»ñ:
~ í³ï ѳÝμ³í. a ~ of attendance Ý»ñϳݻ- recovered [ri΄kΛvəd] a ³éáÕç³ó³Í,
ñÇ/Ù³ëݳÏÇóÝ»ñÇ óáõó³Ï. a ~ of application ³å³ùÇÝí³Í, ϳ½¹áõñí³Í:
¹ÇÙáõÙÇ ·ñ³ÝóáõÙ. a ~ of proceedings ³ñÓ³- recovery [ri΄kΛvəri] n ³éáÕç³óáõÙ,
ݳ·ñáõÃÛáõÝ. enter in the ~ ³ñӳݳ·ñáõ- ³å³ùÇÝáõÙ. í»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝáõÙ. ѳïáõóáõÙ.
ÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÙïóÝ»É. a good ~ ɳí Ýϳñ³·Çñ. economic ~ ÅáÕïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý í»ñ³Ï³Ý·-
(ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ) ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ³ÝÓÇ Ù³ëÇÝ. ÝáõÙ. ~ of damages íݳëÝ»ñÇ ÷áËѳïáõ-
recreant 674 redouble

óáõÙ: Ðáõëáí »Ùª ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝÁ ãÇ ÏñÏñÝíÇ:


recreancy [΄rekriənsi] n í³ËÏáïáõÃÛáõÝ, recurrence [ri΄kΛrəns] n í»ñ³¹³ñÓ,
÷áùñá·áõÃÛáõÝ. ¹³í³×³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: ÏñÏÝáõÃÛáõÝ. no ~ of symptoms ³Ëï³Ýß³Ý-
recreant [΄rekriənt] n í³ËÏáï, ÷áùñá·Ç. Ý»ñÇ ãÏñÏÝáõÃÛáõÝ£
áõËï³¹ñáõÅ, ¹³í³×³Ý: recurrent [ri΄kΛrənt] a ÏñÏÝíáÕ, å³ñμ»-
recreate [΄rekrieit] v óñٳݳÉ, ѳݷëï³- ñ³Ï³Ý. a ~ illness ÏñÏÝíáÕ ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝ.
ݳÉ. áõÅ»ñÁ í»ñ³Ï³Ý·Ý»É. ½í³ñ׳ݳÉ: ~ expenses ÁÝóóÇÏ Í³Ëë»ñ. ~ outbreaks of
recreation [‚rekri΄ei∫n] n ѳݷÇëï. áõÅ»ñÇ violence μéÝáõÃÛ³Ý å³ñμ»ñ³Ï³Ý åáéÃ-
í»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝáõÙ. ½í³ñ×áõÃÛáõÝ, ˳ջñ. ~ ÏáõÙÝ»ñ:
ground ˳ճÑñ³å³ñ³Ï: recurve [ri:΄kə:v] v ¹»åÇ Ñ»ï Íéí»É/ͳÉ-
recreative [΄rekrieitiv] a óñÙ³óÝáÕ, í»É/ûùí»É:
áõÅ»ñÁ í»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝáÕ. ½í³ñ׳ÉÇ: red [red] n ϳñÙÇñ ·áõÛÝ. the Reds ²Ù»ñÇϳ-
recruit [ri΄kru:t] n Ýáñ³ÏáãÇÏ, Ýáñ³ÏáãÇ ÛÇ ÑݹϳóÇÝ»ñÁ, ϳñÙñ³ÙáñÃÝ»ñ. the Reds
½ÇÝíáñ. (ÙÇáõÃÛ³Ý/³ÏáõÙμÇ) Ýáñ ³Ý¹³Ù ùÕù. ϳñÙÇñÝ»ñ, ѻճ÷á˳ϳÝÝ»ñ. be in
(ݳ¨ a new ~)£ the ~ ÷Ëμ. å³ñïùÇ Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É. see ~ ϳ-
recruit [ri΄kru:t] v ѳí³ù³·ñ»É, ½ÇÝ- ï³Õ»É, ÙáÉ»·Ý»É. Red Cross γñÙÇñ ʳã:
íáñ³·ñ»É. í³ñÓ»É. ~ new players Ýáñ ˳- red [red] a ϳñÙÇñ light/dark ~ μ³ó/Ùáõ· ϳñ-
Õ³óáÕÝ»ñ (ݳ¨ ¹»ñ³ë³ÝÝ»ñ) ѳí³- ÙÇñ. be/go/turn ~ ϳñÙñ»É. ~ cheeks/hair ϳñ-
ù³·ñ»É. be ~ed into the army μ³Ý³Ï ½á- ÙÇñ ³Ûï»ñ, ßÇϳϳñÙÇñ Ù³½»ñ. ~ currant
ñ³Ïáãí»É: ϳñÙÇñ ѳճñç:
recruitment [ri΄kru:tmənt] n ѳ- redbreast [΄redbrest] n ϳñÙñ³É³Ýç, ßÇ-
í³ù³·ñáõÙ. ß³ñù»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ÉñáõÙ. man- ϳѳí (ÃéãáõÝ):
power ~ ³ß˳ïáõÅÇ í³ñÓáõÙ. graduate ~ redcoat [΄redkəut] n μñÇï³Ý³Ï³Ý μ³Ý³ÏÇ
ßñç³Ý³í³ñïÝ»ñÇ Ñ³í³ù³·ñáõÙ: ½ÇÝíáñ:
rectangle [΄rektæŋgl] n áõÕÕ³ÝÏÛáõÝÇ: redden [΄redn] v ϳñÙñ»É, ßÇÏÝ»É. ϳñÙ-
rectangular [rek΄tæŋgjulə] a áõÕÕ³ÝÏÛáõÝ: ñ³óÝ»É, ϳñÙÇñ Ý»ñÏ»É:
rectification [‚rektifi΄kei∫n] n áõÕÕáõÙ. reddish [΄redi∫] a ϳñÙñ³íáõÝ:
ë˳ÉÇ í»ñ³óáõÙ. ùÇÙ. Ù³ùñáõÙ. ¿É. áõÕ- redeem [ri΄di:m] v Ñ»ï ·Ý»É, ·ñ³í³Ã³÷»É.
ÕáõÙ (Ñáë³ÝùÇ). é³¹. ³É»÷á˳ñÏáõÙ: ѳïáõó»É, ÷áËѳïáõó»É. ~ smth from pawn
rectifier [΄rektifaiə] n ¿É. áõÕÕÇã (Ñáë³ÝùÇ) ·ñ³í³ïÝÇó ³åñ³Ýù Ñ»ï ·Ý»É. ·ñ³í³-
³ÉÇù³÷áË, ³É»÷á˳ñÏÇã: ó÷»É. ~ oneself Ù»ÕùÁ ù³í»É. ~ a promise
rectify [΄rektifai] v é³¹. ³ÉÇùÁ ÷á˻ɣ ËáëïáõÙÁ ϳï³ñ»É:
rectilineal [‚rekti΄liniəl], rectilinear redeemer [ri΄di:mə] n ÷ñÏÇã, ÷ñϳñ³ñ,
[‚rekti΄liniə] a áõÕÕ³·ÇÍ: ³½³ï³ñ³ñ. »Ï»Õ. ÷ñÏÇã:
rectitude [΄rektitju:d] n ³ÝÏ»ÕÍáõÃÛáõÝ, redemption [ri΄demp∫n] n Ñ»ï ·Ý»ÉÁ, ·ñ³-
ßÇï³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. áõÕÕ³ÙïáõÃÛáõÝ: í³Ã³÷»ÉÁ:
rector [΄rektə] n é»Ïïáñ: red-handed [‚red΄hændid] a ³ñÛáõÝáï
rectorship [΄rektə∫ip] n é»ÏïáñÇ å³ßïáÝ, Ó»éù»ñáí. catch smb ~ ѳÝó³ÝùÇ í³ÛñáõÙ
é»ÏïáñáõÃÛáõÝ: μéÝ»É:
rectory [΄rektəri] n ÍË³Ï³Ý ù³Ñ³Ý³ÛÇ red-hot [‚red΄hɒt] a ßÇϳó³Í, ßÇϳϳñ-
ïáõÝ: ÙÇñ. ÷Ëμ. ·ñ·éí³Í, Ñáõ½í³Í. ~ metal
recumbent [ri΄kΛmbənt] a å³éϳÍ, ßÇϳϳñÙÇñ Ù»ï³Õ. ~ news óñÙ Éáõñ»ñ:
ÁÝÏáÕٳݳÍ. a ~ position å³éÏ³Í íÇ׳Ï. redistribute [‚ri:di΄stribju:t] v í»ñ³μ³ß-
~ on the sofa μ³½ÙáóÇÝ ÃÇÏݳÍ: Ë»É, í»ñ³μ³Å³Ý»É:
recuperate [ri΄kju:pəreit] v ³éáÕç³Ý³É, redistribution [‚ri:distri΄bju:∫n] n í»ñ³-
ϳ½¹áõñí»É. í»ñ³Ï³Ý·Ý»É. ÷áËѳïáõ- μ³ßËáõÙ, í»ñ³μ³Å³ÝáõÙ:
ó»É: red-letter [‚red΄letə] a ïáÝ³Ï³Ý ûñí³
recur [ri΄kə:] v ÏñÏÝí»É, í»ñ³¹³éݳÉ, (ûñ³óáõÛóÇ íñ³). ÑÇß³ñųÝ, »ñç³ÝÇÏ. a ~
³Ý¹ñ³¹³éݳÉ. I hope the illness will not ~ day ïáÝ³Ï³Ý ûñ:
redoubt 675 referee

redness [΄rednəs] n ϳñÙñáõÃÛáõÝ: áã åÇï³ÝÇ. ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇó ³½³ïí³Í


redouble [‚ri:΄dΛbl] v ÏñÏݳå³ïÏ(í)»É: (ѳëïÇùÝ»ñÇ Ïñ׳ïÙ³Ý å³ï׳éáí).
redoubt [ri΄daut] n é½Ù. ¹³ßï³ÛÇÝ ÑáÕ» make ~ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇó ³½³ï»É/Ïñ׳ï»É. a
³ÙñáõÃÛáõÝ, 黹áõï: ~ word ³í»Éáñ¹ μ³é. ~ labour ³ß˳ïáõÅÇ
redraft [‚ri:΄dra:ft] v í»ñ³Ý³Ë³·Í»É, í»- ³í»ÉóáõÏ£
ñ³Ï³½Ù»É, í»ñ³÷áË»É. ~ an argument ѳ- reduplicate [ri΄dju:plikeit] v ÏñÏݳå³ï-
Ù³Ó³Ûݳ·ÇñÁ/å³Ûٳݳ·ÇñÁ í»ñ³÷á- Ï»É, ÏñÏÝ»É:
Ë»É: reduplication [ri‚dju:pli΄kei∫n] n ÏñÏݳ-
redress [ri΄dres] n ÷áËѳïáõóáõÙ, μ³í³- å³ïÏáõÙ, ÏñÏÝáõÙ:
ñ³ñáõÙ. áõÕÕáõÙ, í»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝáõÙ. seek ~ reed [ri:d] n »Õ»·Ý. ëñÇÝ·, ßíÇ. É»½í³Ï
÷áËѳïáõóáõÙ å³Ñ³Ýç»É. You have no ~ (»ñ³Åßï³Ï³Ý ·áñÍÇùÝ»ñÇ):
¸áõù ÷áËѳïáõóáõÙ ã»ù ëï³Ý³: reeded [΄ri:did] a »Õ»·Ý³å³ï, »Õ»·Ý³-
redskin [΄redskin] n ÑÛáõëÇë³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý Í³ÍÏ:
ÑݹϳóÇ, ϳñÙñ³ÙáñÃ: reed pipe [΄ri:dpaip] n ëñÇÝ·, ßíÇ. »ñ·»-
red tape [‚red΄teip] n μÛáõñáÏñ³ïdz, ÑáÝÇ É»½í³Ï³íáñ ÷áÕ:
ù³ßùßáõÏ: reef [ri:f] n ËáõÃ, ëïáñ»ñÏñÛ³ ųÛé:
reduc/e [ri΄dju:s] v Ýí³½»óÝ»É, å³Ï³- reefer [΄ri:fə] n ËëÏó. Ù³ñÇËáõ³Ý³ å³ñáõ-
ë»óÝ»É, ùã³óÝ»É, ÃáõɳóÝ»É. ~ prices/taxa- ݳÏáÕ ëÇ·³ñ»ï/Í˳Ëáï/·É³Ý³Ï:
tion/wages ·Ý»ñÝ Çç»óÝ»É, ѳñÏ»ñÁ Ýí³- reek [ri:k] 1. n ßá·Ç, ·áÉáñßÇ. ÍáõË, ·³ñß³-
½»óÝ»É. ³ß˳ï³í³ñÓÁ å³Ï³ë»óÝ»É. ~ ÑáïáõÃÛáõÝ. 2. v (í³ï) Ñáï ·³É. ~ of gar-
speed ÃáõɳóÝ»É ³ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝÁ. ~ pressure/ lic/tobacco ëËïáñÇ/ÃáõÃáõÝÇ Ñáï ·³É. ~
temperature/ pain/ smb’s chances ÃáõɳóÝ»É with sweat ùñïÇÝùÇ Ù»ç ÉáÕ³É:
×ÝßáõÙÁ, Çç»óÝ»É ç»ñÙ³ëïÇ׳ÝÁ, Ãáõ- reel [ri:l] n Ïá×, ûɳÏá×. ÑáÉáí³Ï. ÓÏÝáñëÇ
ɳóÝ»É ó³íÁ. Ýí³½»óÝ»É Ñݳñ³íáñáõ- Ïá×:
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ. ~ expenditure ͳËë»ñÁ Ïñ׳- reel [ri:l] v åïïí»É, åïáõÛï ·³É. ûñáñí»É,
ï»É. ~ production/staff ³ñï³¹ñ³ÝùÁ/ѳë- ×á×í»É. ~ before one’s eyes ³ãù»ñÇ ³é³ç
ïÇùÝ»ñÁ Ïñ׳ï»É. (ѳëóÝ»É) ~ to des- åïïí»É. My head was ~ing ¶ÉáõËë
pair/tears/poverty Ñáõë³Ñ³ïáõÃÛ³Ý /³Õù³- åïïíáõÙ ¿ñ. ~ down the street ûñáñí»Éáí
ïáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ëóÝ»É. ɳó³óÝ»É. (ëïÇå»É, ÷áÕáóáí ·Ý³É. ~ in the line ϳñóûÉÁ
ѳñϳ¹ñ»É) ~ to stealing ·áÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ñ- ÷³Ã³Ã»É/ѳí³ù»É:
ϳ¹ñ»É. ~ to submission ëïÇå»É »ÝóñÏí»É. re-elect [‚ri:i΄lekt] v í»ñÁÝïñ»É, ÝáñÇó
(ÝÇѳñ»É) I must ~ ºë å»ïù ¿ ÝÇѳñ»Ù. be ÁÝïñ»É:
on a ~ing diet ÝÇѳñ»Éáõ ¹Ç»ï³ ÏÇñ³é»É. re-election [‚ri:i΄lek∫n] n í»ñÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝ,
be ~ed to a shadow ëïí»ñÇ í»ñ³Íí»É. ~ smth »ñÏñáñ¹ ³Ý·³Ù ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝ:
to ashes ÙÇÝ㨠í»ñç ³Ûñ»É, ÙáËÇñ ¹³ñÓÝ»É: reentry [ri΄entri] n í»ñëïÇÝ Ùáõïù, í»ñ³-
reduced [ri΄dju:sd] a Çç»óí³Í, Ïñ׳ïí³Í, ¹³ñÓ. í»ñ³·ñ³ÝóáõÙ£
Ýí³½»óñ³Í. ~ circumstances Ý»Õ å³ÛÙ³Ý- re-establish [‚ri:i΄stæbli∫] v í»ñ³Ï³Ý·Ý»É,
Ý»ñ. on a ~ scale ÷áùñ³óí³Í Ù³ëßï³μáí: í»ñ³Ñ³ëï³ï»É:
reduction [ri΄dΛk∫n] n Ýí³½»óáõÙ, Ïñ׳- refection [ri΄fek∫n] n ݳ˳׳ß, ûè ׳ß:
ïáõÙ, Çç»óáõÙ. ~ of arms ëå³é³½ÇÝáõ- refectory [ri΄fektəri] n ׳߳ñ³Ý (¹åñá-
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ïñ׳ïáõÙ. ~ in sales ëå³éÙ³Ý óáõÙ, ѳٳÉë³ñ³ÝáõÙ). ë»Õ³Ý³ïáõÝ
Ïñ׳ïáõÙ. ~ in demand å³Ñ³ÝçÇ Çç»- (í³ÝùÇ):
óáõÙ/Ýí³½áõÙ. ‘’big ~s” (˳ÝáõÃáõÙ) ½·³- refer [ri΄fə:] v ÑÕ»É, í»ñ³μ»ñ»É. íϳ۳Ïáã»É,
ÉÇáñ»Ý ½»Õçí³Í ·Ý»ñ: ÑÇß³ï³Ï»É. You may ~ to me ¸áõù ϳñáÕ
redundance [ri΄dΛndəns], redundancy »ù ÇÝÓ íϳ۳Ïáã»É. The matter was ~red to
[ri΄dΛndənsi] n ã³÷Çó ³í»ÉÇ Ù»Í ù³Ý³- the committee ¶áñÍÝ áõÕ³ñÏí»ó ѳÝÓݳÅá-
ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ³í»ÉóáõÏ. ѳëïÇùÝ»ñÇ Ïñ׳- ÕáíÇÝ. ~ to the original ¹ÇÙ»É ëϽμݳÕμÛáõ-
ïáõÙ. cause ~ Ïñ׳ïáõÙÝ»ñ ³é³ç³óݻɣ ñÇÝ. Whom are you ~ring to? à±õÙ ÝϳïÇ
redundant [ri΄dΛndənt] a ã³÷³½³Ýó ß³ï, áõÝ»ù. This ~s to you all ê³ Ó»½ μáÉáñÇÝ ¿
reference 676 refreshment

í»ñ³μ»ñáõÙ: ¹³ñÓÝáÕ. Ùï³ÍÏáï, Ùï³½μ³Õ:


referee [‚refə΄ri:] 1. n Ùñ½. ¹³ï³íáñ, reflector [ri΄flektə] n ³ñï³óáÉÇã. ³ëïÕ·.
˳ճí³ñ. ÙÇçÝáñ¹ ¹³ï³íáñ. 2. v ˳ÕÁ ³ñï³óáÉÇã ѻ鳹Çï³Ï. ç»ñÙ³ñÓ³Ï. Éáõ-
¹³ï»É, ¹³ï³íáñ ÉÇÝ»É: ë³ñÓ³Ï:
reference [΄refrəns] n íϳ۳ÏáãáõÙ, Ù»çμ»- reflex [΄ri:fleks] n ýǽÉ. é»ýÉ»ùë. condi-
ñáõÙ. ÑÇß³ï³ÏáõÙ, ÑÕáõÙ make ~ to íϳ۳- tioned/unconditioned ~ å³ÛٳݳϳÝ/áã
Ïáã»É. with ~ to íϳ۳Ïáã»Éáí. in ~ to í»ñ³- å³ÛÙ³Ý³Ï³Ý é»ýÉ»ùë:
μ»ñÛ³É, ÇÝã í»ñ³μ»ñáõÙ ¿ cross ~ ˳ã³Ó¨ reflexive [ri΄fleksiv] n, a ù»ñ. ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓ
íϳ۳ÏáãáõÙ. keep to the terms of ~ ÙÝ³É μ³Û/¹»ñ³ÝáõÝ. ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓ:
ѳÝÓݳñ³ñ³Ï³ÝÇ ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ. without reflux [΄ri:flΛks] n ï»Õ³ïíáõÃÛáõÝ:
~ to the past ³é³Ýó ³ÝóÛ³ÉÁ ÑÇß³ï³Ï»Éáõ. reforest [ri:΄fɒrist] v ³Ýï³é³å³ï»É,
(μÝáõó·Çñ) give good ~ ɳí ѳÝÓݳñ³- ³Ýï³é ïÝÏ»É:
ñ³Ï³Ý ï³É. ~ from one’s job μÝáõó·Çñ reform [ri΄fɔ:m] n μ³ñ»÷áËáõÃÛáõÝ, é»-
³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ í³ÛñÇó. a bank ~ μ³ÝÏÇ ýáñÙ. land ~ ÑáÕ³ÛÇÝ é»ýáñÙ. educational
ѳÝÓݳñ³ñ³Ï³Ý: ~s μ³ñ»÷áËáõÙÝ»ñ ÏñÃ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ-
reference [΄refrəns] a ï»Õ»Ï³ïáõ. ~ library ·áõÙ:
ï»Õ»Ï³ïí³Ï³Ý ·ñ³¹³ñ³Ý. a ~ mark ͳ- reform [ri΄fɔ:m] v μ³ñ»÷áË»É, μ³ñ»É³í»É,
Ýáó·ñ³Ï³Ý Ýß³Ý. a ~ number ï»Õ»Ï³ï- í»ñ³÷áË»É. He has ~ed his character ܳ
íáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ. in ~, with ~ to í»ñ³μ»ñÛ³É: áõÕÕí»É ¿:
referendum [‚refə΄rendəm] n ùÕù. ѳÝñ³ù- reformation [‚refə΄mei∫n] n μ³ñ»÷áËáõ-
í»: ÃÛáõÝ, μ³ñ»Ýáñá·áõÙ:
refill [‚ri:΄fil] v ÝáñÇó ÉóÝ»É. Éñ³óÝ»É, ѳ- reformatory [ri΄fɔ:mətəri] n ³Ýã³÷³Ñ³ë
Ù³Éñ»É: ѳÝó³·áñÍÝ»ñÇ áõÕÕÇã ïáõÝ:
refine [ri΄fain] v ½ï»É, Ù³ùñ»É. Ýñμ³·»Õ/ reformed [ri΄fɔ:md] a μ³ñ»÷áËí³Í, μ³-
Ýñμ³×³ß³Ï ¹³éݳÉ/¹³ñÓÝ»É: ñ»Ï³ñ·í³Í. áõÕÕí³Í í»ñ³¹³ëïdzñ³Ï-
refined [ri΄faind] a ½ï³Í, Ù³ùñ³Í. Ýáõñμ, í³Í:
Ýñμ³·»Õ. Ýñμ³×³ß³Ï. ~ cruelty ÝñμÇÝ/ reformer [ri΄fɔ:mə] n μ³ñ»÷áËÇã,
Ýáõñμ ¹³Å³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: μ³ñ»Ýáñá·Çã:
refinement [ri΄fainmənt] n Ù³ùñáõÙ, ½ïáõÙ. refract [ri΄frækt] v ýǽ. μ»Ï»É:
Ùß³ÏáõÙ, ÑÕÏáõÙ. ÝñμáõÃÛáõÝ, Ýñμ³×³ß³- refraction [ri΄fræk∫n] n ýǽ. μ»ÏáõÙ:
ÏáõÃÛáõÝ: refrain [ri΄frein] n ÏñÏÝ»ñ·:
refinery [ri΄fainəri] n Ù³ùñÙ³Ý/½ïÙ³Ý ·áñ- refrain [ri΄frein] v Çñ»Ý ½ëå»É. Ëáõë³÷»É.
ͳñ³Ý: Ó»éÝå³Ñ ÙݳÉ. ~ from comment Ëáõë³÷»É
refit [΄ri:fit] v í»ñ³Ýáñá·»É, í»ñ³Ñ³Ý¹»ñ- Ù»Ïݳμ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÇó. ~ from smiling Çñ»Ý
Ó»É: ½ëå»É, áñ ãÅåï³:
reflect [ri΄flekt] v ³ñï³óáÉ»É. ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓ- refresh [ri΄fre∫] v óñÙ³óÝ»É. Ýáñ³óÝ»É.
Ý»É. ~ light ÉáõÛë ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓÝ»É. ~ sound/ áõŠѳÕáñ¹»É. ~ oneself (with a glass of wine)
event Ó³ÛÝ ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓÝ»É, Çñ³¹³ñÓáõ- óñٳݳÉ, áõÅ»ñÁ ϳ½¹áõñ»É (ÙÇ μ³Å³Ï
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÝ ³ñï³óáÉ»É. The face was ~ed in ·ÇÝáí). ~ one’s memory ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ óñ-
the mirror ¸»ÙùÝ ³ñï³óáÉí»ó ѳۻÉáõ Ù»ç. Ù³óÝ»É:
(ËáñÑ»É, Ùï³Í»É) ~ on the problem ËáñÑ»É refresher [ri΄fre∫ə] n ËëÏó. ½áí³óáõóÇã ÁÙ-
åñáμÉ»ÙÇ Ù³ëÇÝ. (ëïí»ñ ·ó»É) His behav- å»ÉÇù. ÏñÏÝáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ course í»ñ³å³ï-
iour ~s on us Üñ³ í³ñù³·ÇÍÁ ëïí»ñ ¿ ñ³ëïÙ³Ý Ïáõñë»ñ. take a ~ course í»ñ³-
·óáõÙ Ù»½ íñ³: å³ïñ³ëïÙ³Ý Ïáõñë»ñ ³ÝóÝ»É:
reflection [ri΄flek∫n] n ³ñï³óáÉáõÙ, ³Ý¹- refreshing [ri΄fre∫iŋ] a óñÙ³óÝáÕ. a ~
ñ³¹³ñÓáõÙ, ËáñÑáõÙ. on ~ ËáñÑ»Éáí. cause sleep/breeze óñÙ³óÝáÕ ùáõÝ/½»÷Ûáõé. His
for ~ Ùï³Í»Éáõ ³éÇÃ/å³ï׳é. without due sincerity is most ~ Üñ³ ³ÝÏ»ÕÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ ß³ï
~ ³é³Ýó å³ïß³× Ó¨áí Ùïáñ»Éáõ: ѳ׻ÉÇ ¿:
reflective [ri΄flektiv] a ³ñï³óáÉáÕ, ³Ý¹ñ³- refreshment [ri΄fre∫mənt] n ϳ½¹áõñáõÙ,
refrigerate 677 regenerate

áõÅ»ñÇ í»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝáõÙ. ½áí³óáõóÇã çñ»ñ. one’s balance ѳí³ë³ñ³ÏßéáõÃÛáõÝÁ í»ñ³-


ݳ˳׳ßÇÏ. have a slight ~ ÙÇ Ã»Ã¨ ϳݷݻÉ. ~ consciousness áõßùÇ ·³É. ~ one’s
áõï»É/ݳ˳׳߻É. R~s will be served ÎÙ³- former position é½Ù. ݳËÏÇÝ ¹Çñù»ñÁ
ïáõóí»Ý ½áí³óáõóÇã çñ»ñ: ·ñ³í»É:
refrigerate [ri΄fridзəreit] v ë³é»óÝ»É, å³- regal [΄ri:gl] a ³ñù³Û³Ï³Ý, ³ñù³Û³í³Û»É,
Õ»óÝ»É: ó·³íáñ³Ï³Ý:
refrigeration [ri‚fridзə΄rei∫n] n ë³é»óáõÙ, regale [ri΄geil] n ÑÛáõñ³ëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ, ËÝçáõÛù:
å³Õ»óáõÙ: regale [ri΄geil] v ÑÛáõñ³ëÇñ»É, å³ïí»É.
refrigerator [ri΄fridзəreitə] n ë³éݳñ³Ý: ѳ×áõÛù å³ï׳é»É. ~ smb with fruits/anec-
refuel [‚ri:΄fju:əl] v Éó³íáñ»É. í³é»ÉÇùÇ dotes Ùñ·áí ÑÛáõñ³ëÇñ»É. ³Ý»Ï¹áïÝ»ñáí
å³Ï³ëÁ Éñ³óÝ»É: ½í³ñ׳óÝ»É:
refuge [΄refju:dз] n ³å³ëï³Ý, ³å³ëï³- regard [ri΄ga:d] n í»ñ³μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ³éÝãáõ-
ñ³Ý. ÷Ëμ. Ñáí³Ý³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. take ~ ÃÛáõÝ. in this ~ ³Ûë ï»ë³Ï»ïÇó/ ϳå³Ï-
³å³ëï³Ý»É. take ~ in silence Éáõé ÙݳÉ. óáõÃÛ³Ùμ. in/with ~ to ÇÝã í»ñ³μ»ñáõÙ ¿,
Éé»Éáí Ëáõë³÷»É å³ï³ë˳ÝÇó. take ~ in í»ñ³μ»ñÛ³É. (ѳñ·³Ýù) out of ~ for his age
the forest ³Ýï³éáõÙ å³ïëå³ñí»É. a moun- ï³ñÇùÁ ѳñ·»Éáí. hold in high ~ Ù»Í
tain ~ ³å³ëï³Ý É»éÝ»ñáõÙ: ѳñ·³Ýù ï³Í»É. have a high ~ μ³ñÓñ ·Ý³-
refugee [‚refju΄dзi:] n ÷³Ëëï³Ï³Ý, ·³Õ- ѳï»É. have no ~ for ѳñ·³Ýù ãáõݻݳÉ
óϳÝ. íï³ñ³Ý¹Ç. politacal ~ ù³Õ³ù³- (ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ). (áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ) pay no ~ to
Ï³Ý íï³ñ³Ý¹Ç. a ~ camp íï³ñ³Ý¹ÇÝ»- áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ã¹³ñÓÝ»É. without ~ to
ñÇ/·³ÕóϳÝÝ»ñÇ ×³Ùμ³ñ: ³é³Ýó áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ¹³ñÓÝ»Éáõ. (áÕçáõÛÝ,
refulgent [ri΄fΛldзənt] a ÷³ÛÉáõÝ, Éáõë³íáñ, μ³ñ¨) send/give one’s ~s μ³ñ¨ áõÕ³ñÏ»É,
Éáõë³ßáÕ: áÕçáõÛÝ Ñ³Õáñ¹»É. with kind/best ~s ëñï³-
refund [΄ri:fΛnd] v ѳïáõóáõÙ, ÷áËѳïáõ- ·ÇÝ μ³ñ¨Ý»ñáí/ѳñ·³ÝùÝ»ñáí:
óáõÙ. ͳËë³Ñ³ïáõóáõÙ. demand a ~ ѳ- regard [ri΄ga:d] v ݳۻÉ, ¹Çï»É. ѳٳñ»É,
ïáõóáõÙ å³Ñ³Ýç»É. ~ the full amount ³ñÅ»- ÁݹáõÝ»É. ѳñ·»É. ~ as friend/enemy ÁÝ-
ùÁ ÉñÇí í׳ñ»É. the ~ of a deposit ³í³Ý¹Ç Ï»ñ/ÃßݳÙÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ»É. ~ with contempt ³ñ-
í׳ñáõÙ: ѳٳñѳÝùáí ¹Çï»É/ÁݹáõÝ»É. ~ as essen-
refusal [ri΄fju:zl] n Ù»ñÅáõÙ. blank/flat/square tial ¿³Ï³Ý/ϳñ¨áñ ѳٳñ»É. ~ in the light of
¹Çï»É áñ¨¿ ï»ë³ÝÏÛáõÝÇó/ÉáõÛëÇ ï³Ï. be
~ Ïïñ³Ï³Ý Ù»ñÅáõÙ. meet with a blank ~
much ~ed Ù»Í Ñ³ñ·³Ýù í³Û»É»É. (í»ñ³μ»-
Ïïñ³Ï³Ý Ù»ñÅáõÙ ëï³Ý³É. ~ to work ³ß-
ñ»É) That ~s his lectures ¸³ í»ñ³μ»ñáõÙ ¿
˳ï»Éáõó Ññ³Å³ñí»É. weak ~ ³Ýí×é³-
Ýñ³ ¹³ë³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ. as ~s ÇÝã í»-
Ï³Ý Ù»ñÅáõÙ. take no ~ Ù»ñÅáõÙ ãѳݹáõñ-
ñ³μ»ñáõÙ ¿. as ~s your letter/request ÇÝã
Å»É. justifiable ~ ÑÇÙݳíáñí³Í Ù»ñÅáõÙ. ~
í»ñ³μ»ñáõÙ ¿ Ó»ñ ݳٳÏÇÝ/Ëݹñ³ÝùÇÝ:
to admit (÷³ëïÇ) ׳ݳãÙ³Ý Ù»ñÅáõÙ:
refuse [ri΄fju:z] n ó÷Ã÷áõÏÝ»ñ, Ùݳ- regardful [ri΄ga:dfl] a áõß³¹Çñ, Ñá·³ï³ñ:
regarding [ri΄ga:diŋ] prep í»ñ³μ»ñÛ³É,
óáñ¹Ý»ñ, ~ bin ³Õμ³Ù³Ý. ~ dump/tip ³Õμ³-
Ù³ëÇÝ. ~ your offer Ó»ñ ³é³ç³ñÏÇ í»ñ³-
Ýáó, ³Õμ³Ñáñ:
μ»ñÛ³É. matters ~ the travel ׳Ù÷áñ¹áõÃÛ³ÝÁ
refuse [ri΄fju:z] v Ù»ñÅ»É, ÅËï»É, Ññ³Å³ñ- í»ñ³μ»ñáÕ å³ñ³·³Ý»ñÁ:
í»É, ãÁݹáõÝ»É. ~ invitation/offer Ññ³í»ñÁ/
regardless [ri΄ga:dləs] 1. a ѳßíÇ ã³éÝáÕ. ~
Ýí»ñÁ ãÁݹáõÝ»É. ~ outright Ïïñ³Ï³Ý³å»ë
of danger ѳßíÇ ã³éÝ»Éáí íï³Ý·Á, ³ÝϳË
Ññ³Å³ñí»É. ~ nothing áãÇÝã ãËݳۻÉ:
íï³Ý·Çó. 2. adv ³é³Ýó áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ
refutation [‚refju΄tei∫n] n Ñ»ñùáõÙ: ¹³ñÓÝ»Éáõ, ѳßíÇ ã³éÝ»Éáí. ~ of ÝϳïÇ
refute [ri΄fju:t] v Ñ»ñù»É. ~ arguments ãáõݻݳÉáí:
÷³ëï³ñÏÝ»ñÁ Ñ»ñù»É: regatta [ri΄gætə] n Ùñ½. Ãdzݳí»ñáí/ ³é³-
regain [ri΄gein] v í»ñ³¹³ñÓÝ»É, í»ñ³Ï³Ý·- ·³ëï³Ý³í»ñáí ÙñóáõÛÃ, é»·³ï:
Ý»É. ~ one’s confidence/popularity í»ñ³Ï³Ý·- regenerate [ri΄dзenərət] a í»ñ³ÍÝí³Í,
Ý»É ÇÝùݳíëï³ÑáõÃÛáõÝÁ/ѳÙμ³íÁ. ~ μ³ñ»÷áËí³Í:
regeneration 678 regular

regenerate [ri΄dзenəreit] v í»ñ³ÍÝí»É, í»- registration [‚redзi΄strei∫n] n óáõó³Ï³-


ñ³Ï³Ý·Ý(í)»É: ·ñáõÙ, ·ñ³ÝóáõÙ. ³ñӳݳ·ñáõÙ. vehicle ~
regeneration [ri‚dзenə΄rei∫n] n í»ñ³- number ³íïá å»ïѳٳñ³ÝÇߣ
ÍÝáõݹ. í»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝáõÙ: registry [΄redзistri] n (ݳ¨ ~ office) Ù³ï»-
regenerative [ri΄dзenərətiv] a í»ñ³ÍÝíáÕ, ݳíáñÙ³Ý μ³ÅÇÝ. Ù³ï»Ý³íáñáõ-
í»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝíáÕ: ÃÛ³Ý/·ñ³ÝóáõÙÝ»ñÇ Ù³ïÛ³Ý:
regime [rei΄зi:m] n í³ñã³Ï³ñ·, ϳñ·. regress [΄ri:gres] n í»ñ³¹³ñÓ, ѻﳹ³ñÓ
Çñ³í³Ï³ñ·, é»ÅÇÙ. ordinary/special/strict ~ ß³ñÅáõÙ. ÷Ëμ. ѻﳹÇÙáõÃÛáõÝ, Ñ»ïÁÝ-
ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý/ѳïáõÏ/ËÇëï é»ÅÇÙ: óó.
regiment [΄redзimənt] n ·áõݹ, ½áñ³·áõݹ. regress [ri΄gres] v Ñ»ï ß³ñÅí»É/·Ý³É. ÷Ëμ.
~s μ³½ÙáõÃÛáõÝ, Ù»Í ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ: ѻﳹÇÙ»É, ³ÝÏáõÙ ³åñ»É:
regimental [‚redзi΄mentl] a ·Ý¹Ç, ½áñ³- regression [ri΄gre∫n] n í»ñ³¹³ñÓ ¹»åÇ
·Ý¹Ç: ݳËÏÇÝ íÇ׳ÏÁ. ÷Ëμ. ѻﳹÇÙáõÃÛáõÝ,
region [΄ri:dзən] n Ù³ñ½, ßñç³Ý, »ñÏñ³Ù³ë. ³ÝÏáõÙ:
forest ~s ³Ýï³é³ÛÇÝ ßñç³ÝÝ»ñ. Arctic ~ regressive [ri΄gresiv] a ѻﳹ³ñÓ. Ñ»ï³-
ÐÛáõëÇë³ÛÇÝ μ¨»é³ßñç³Ý. a fertile ~ μ»ññÇ ¹ÇٳϳÝ, 黳ÏóÇáÝ:
»ñÏñ³Ù³ë. in the ~ of Ùáï³Ï³ÛùáõÙ. in the regret [ri΄gret] n ³÷ëáë³Ýù. sincere/deep ~
~ of 40 % Ùáï³íáñ³å»ë ù³é³ëáõÝ ïá- ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ/ËáñÝ ³÷ëáë³Ýù. to my ~ ó³íáù.
Ïáë. the ~ of the heart ëñïÇ ßñç³Ý: feel ~ ³÷ëáë³Ýù ½·³É. ~s Ý»ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ.
regional [΄ri:dзnəl] a Ù³ñ½³ÛÇÝ, ßñç³Ý³- send one’s ~s Ý»ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ Ëݹñ»É. have no
ÛÇÝ. ï»Õ³Ï³Ý. ~ offices Ù³ñ½³ÛÇÝ/ï»- ~s ã³÷ëáë³É, ãó³í»É:
Õ³Ï³Ý μ³Å³ÝÙáõÝùÝ»ñ: regret [ri΄gret] v ó³í»É, ³÷ëáë³É, ½Õç³É. ~
register [΄redзistə] n ·ñ³ÝóáõÙ, ·ñ³ÝóÙ³Ý one’s decision ½Õç³É áñáßÙ³Ý Ù³ëÇÝ. We ~
Ù³ïÛ³Ý. »ñÅß. Ó³Ûݳë³ÑÙ³Ý. ï»Ë. ѳß- to inform ò³íáí ѳÛïÝáõÙ »Ýù:
íáÕ Ù»Ë³ÝǽÙ, ѳßíÇã. ~ of births/marriages regretful [ri΄gretfl] a ó³íáí, ³÷ëáë³Ýùáí
and burials ÍÝáõݹݻñÇ, ³ÙáõëÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ, ÉÇ, ½ÕçáõÙáí ÉÇ:
óÕáõÙÝ»ñÇ (ù³Õ³ù³óÇ³Ï³Ý Ï³óáõÃÛ³Ý regrettable [ri΄gretəbl] a ó³í³ÉÇ, ïËñ³ÉÇ.
³Ïï»ñÇ) ·ñ³ÝóÙ³Ý Ù³ïÛ³Ý. ~ of voters ~ state of affairs Çñ»ñÇ ïËáõñ/ó³í³ÉÇ
ÁÝïñáÕÝ»ñÇ óáõó³Ï: íÇ׳Ï. It is most ~ Þ³ï ó³í³ÉÇ ¿:
register [΄redзistə] v óáõó³Ï³·ñ(í)»É, ³ñ- regrouping [‚ri:΄gru:piŋ] n í»ñ³ËÙμ³íá-
ӳݳ·ñ(í)»É. ·ñ³Ýó»É. ~ a birth/marriage/ ñáõÙ:
death ÍÝáõݹÁ/³ÙáõëÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ/ Ù³ÑÁ regular [΄regjulə] a ϳÝáݳíáñ, ÝáñÙ³É. ëá-
·ñ³Ýó»É. ~ a fact ÷³ëïÝ ³ñӳݳ·ñ»É. íáñ³Ï³Ý, Ñ»ñóϳÝ. ù»ñ., Ù³Ã. ϳÝáݳ-
(óáõÛó ï³É) The thermometer ~s 40 deg íáñ. ~ clases/visits ϳÝáݳíáñ ¹³ë»ñ/ ѳ-
æ»ñÙ³ã³÷Á 40 ³ëïÇ×³Ý ¿ óáõÛó ï³ÉÇë. ׳ËáõÙÝ»ñ. have ~ meals ÝáñÙ³É/ϳÝáݳ-
~ no surprise (áã ÙÇ) ½³ñÙ³Ýù óáõÛó ãï³É. íáñ ëÝí»É. ~ features/teeth ϳÝáݳíáñ
(÷áëï³ÛÇÝ ³é³ùáõÙÝ»ñ) ~ a letter ݳٳÏÁ ¹ÇÙ³·Í»ñ. ѳñà ¨ ѳí³ë³ñ ³ï³ÙÝ»ñ. ~
å³ïíÇñí³Í áõÕ³ñÏ»É. ~ at a hotel army ϳÝáݳíáñ/Ùßï³Ï³Ý μ³Ý³Ï.
ÑÛáõñ³ÝáóáõÙ ·ñ³Ýóí»É. ~ with a doctor (Ùßï³Ï³Ý) ~ visitor/customer/work Ùßï³-
¹³éÝ³É ïíÛ³É μÅßÏÇ ÑÇí³Ý¹Á£ Ï³Ý ³Ûó»Éáõ/ѳ׳Ëáñ¹/³ß˳ï³Ýù. ~
registered [΄redзistəd] a ·ñ³Ýóí³Í, å³ï- breathing/pulse ϳÝáݳíáñ ßÝã³éáõÃÛáõÝ,
íÇñí³Í. ~ office ѳëï³ïáõÃÛ³Ý ·ñ³ë»Ý- ÝáñÙ³É ½³ñÏ»ñ³Ï. ~ steps ѳٳã³÷
Û³Ï. a ~ letter å³ïíÇñí³Í ݳٳÏ. a ~ ù³ÛÉ»ñ. keep ~ hours ϳÝáݳíáñ ÏÛ³Ýù
trademark ·ñ³Ýóí³Í ³åñ³Ýù³ÝÇß. ~ mail í³ñ»É. the ~ staff Ùßï³Ï³Ý ³ß˳ïáÕÝ»ñ.
·ñ³Ýóí³Í ÷áëï: (ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý) ~ passengers of this train ³Ûë
registrar [‚redзi΄stra:] n ·ñ³ÝóáÕ, ·ñ³- ·Ý³óùÇ ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý/Ùßï³Ï³Ý áõÕ¨áñÝ»ñ.
éáõÙÝ»ñ ϳï³ñáÕ. Ù³ï»Ý³í³ñ, ù³ñïáõ- ~ procedure ÝáñÙ³É/ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý ÁÝóó³-
Õ³ñ. companies ~ ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ·ñ³Ý- ϳñ·. It is quite ~ Þ³ï ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý/ÁݹáõÝ-
óáÕ å³ßïáÝÛ³: í³Í μ³Ý ¿. a ~ hero ËëÏó. ÇëÏ³Ï³Ý Ñ»ñáë:
regularity 679 rejunction

regular [΄regjulə] n ϳÝáݳíáñ μ³Ý³ÏÇ reindeer [΄reindiə] n ÑÛáõëÇë³ÛÇÝ »Õç»ñáõ:


½ÇÝíáñ. ϳ¹ñ³ÛÇÝ ½ÇÝͳé³ÛáÕ: reinforce [‚ri:in΄fɔ:s] v ³Ùñ³óÝ»É, áõÅ»-
regularity [‚regju΄lærəti] n ϳÝáݳíáñáõ- Õ³óÝ»É. ~ a bridge/wall ϳÙáõñçÁ/å³ïÁ
ÃÛáõÝ, ϳñ·. ×ßïáõÃÛáõÝ. with great ~ Ù»Í ³Ùñ³óÝ»É. ~ one’s argument ÷³ëï³ñÏÁ
ϳÝáݳíáñáõÃÛ³Ùμ: ÑÇÙݳíáñ»É. ~ the troops é½Ù. ½áñù»ñÇÝ
regulate [΄regjuleit] v ϳÝáݳíáñ»É, ϳñ- ûųݹ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ áõÕ³ñÏ»É:
·³íáñ»É. ~ his/her conduct í³ñù³·ÇÍÁ ϳ- reinforced concrete [‚ri:infɔ:st΄kɒŋkri:t]
Ýáݳíáñ»É. ~ prices ·Ý»ñÁ ϳñ·³íáñ»É. ~ a n »ñϳÃμ»ïáÝ:
watch/traffic ųٳóáõÛóÇ Ù»Ë³ÝǽÙÁ ϳ- reinforcement [‚ri:in΄fɔ:smənt] n áõŻճ-
Ýáݳíáñ»É. »ñè»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ ϳñ·³íáñ»É: óáõÙ, ³Ùñ³óáõÙ. ѳٳÉñáõÙ:
regulation [‚regju΄lei∫n] n ϳÝáݳíáñáõÙ, reinless [΄reinləs] a ³é³Ýó ë³ÝÓÇ. ÷Ëμ.
ϳñ·³íáñáõÙ. ϳÝáÝ, ë³ÑÙ³Ýí³Í ϳñ·. ³Ýë³ÝÓ, ³é³Ýó í»ñ³ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛ³Ý:
~s ϳÝáݳ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ dress é½Ù. ѳٳ- reinstate [‚ri:in΄steit] v í»ñ³Ï³Ý·Ý»É, í»-
½·»ëï. safety ~s ³Ýíï³Ý·áõÃÛ³Ý Ï³ÝáÝ- ñ³Ñ³ëï³ï»É. The employee was ~d ̳é³-
Ý»ñ: ÛáÕÁ í»ñ³Ï³Ý·Ýí»ó (ݳËÏÇÝ å³ßïá-
regulative [΄regjulətiv] a ϳñ·³íáñÇã. ϳ- ÝáõÙ):
ÝáݳíáñáÕ: reinstatement [‚ri:in΄steitmənt] n í»ñ³-
regulator [΄regjuleitə] n ϳñ·³íáñÇã/ϳÝá- ϳݷÝáõÙ. ~ in ûne’s rights Ù»ÏÇ Çñ³íáõÝù-
ݳíáñáÕ ³ÝÓ/ë³ñù: Ý»ñÇ í»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝáõÙ:
rehabilitate [‚ri:ə΄biliteit] v í»ñ³Ï³Ý·Ý»É. reinsurance [‚ri:in΄∫uərəns] n í»ñ³å³Ñá-
í»ñ³Ï³éáõó»É: í³·ñáõÙ/·ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
rehabilitation [‚ri:əbili΄tei∫n] n í»ñ³Ï³Ý·- reiterate [ri΄itəreit] v ÏñÏÝ»É:
ÝáõÙ. ³ñ¹³ñ³óáõÙ. ~ centre í»ñ³Ï³Ý·- reiteration [ri‚itə΄rei∫n] n ÏñÏÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ß³ï
ÝÁÙ³Ý Ï»ÝïñáÝ. social ~ ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý í»- ³Ý·³Ù ÏñÏÝ»ÉÁ:
ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝáõÙ: reject [΄ri:dзekt] n áã åÇï³ÝÇ, Ëáï³Ý. a ~,
rehearsal [ri΄hə:sl] n ÷áñÓ, óï»ñ³÷áñÓ. ~s Ëáï³Ý ³åñ³Ýù, ó÷Ã÷áõÏÝ»ñ. ½ÇÝ-
ÏñÏÝáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. dress ~ ·É˳íáñ ÷áñÓ: ͳé³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ áã åÇï³ÝÇ (ݳ¨ re-
rehearse [ri΄hə:s] v ÷áñÓ»É, ÷áñÓ ³Ý»É. ~ a jectee)£
role ¹»ñ³Ë³ÕÁ ÷áñÓ»É: reject [ri΄dзekt] v Ù»ñÅ»É, Ññ³Å³ñí»É. Ëá-
rehouse [‚ri:΄haus] v (Ýáñ ïáõÝ ) ÷á˳- ï³Ý»É. ~ an appeal μáÕáù³ñÏáõÙÁ Ù»ñÅ»É.
¹ñ(í)»É. The families were ~d ÀÝï³ÝÇùÝ»ñÁ ~ plan/offer/an idea Íñ³·ÇñÁ/³é³ç³ñÏÁ/·³-
Ýáñ ïáõÝ ÷á˳¹ñí»óÇÝ. We’ve ~d the car Õ³÷³ñÁ Ù»ñÅ»É. feel ~ed Ù»ñÅí³Í, í³Ý-
²íïáÙ»ù»Ý³ÛÇ ï»ÕÁ ÷áËí»ó: í³Í (½·³É). ~ faulty goods Ëáï³ÝÁ ¹áõñë
reign [rein]1. n ó·³íáñáõÙ, ó·³íáñ³- ó÷»É/·ó»É:
Ï³Ý Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. in the ~ of ó·³íá- rejectee [‚ridзek΄ti:] n ³Ù. ½ÇÝͳé³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý
ñáõÃÛ³Ý ûñáù/ųٳݳÏ. a ~ of terror ÷Ëμ. ѳٳñ áã åÇï³ÝÇ ³ÝÓ:
³Ñ³μ»ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý ë³ÝÓ³ñÓ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. 2. v rejection [ri΄dзek∫n] n Ù»ñÅáõÙ, Ëáï³Ý:
ó·³íáñ»É. ÷Ëμ. ïÇñ»É. ÇßË»É: rejector [ri΄dзektə] n ï»Ë. ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓÇÏ,
reimburse [‚ri:im΄bə:s] v ѳïáõó»É, í»ñ³- óáɳóáõóÇã:
¹³ñÓÝ»É. ~ the cost ·ÇÝÁ ѳïáõó»É: rejoice [ri΄dзɔis] v áõñ³Ë³Ý³É, áõñ³Ë³ó-
rein [rein] n ë³ÝÓ, »ñ³ë³Ý. ÷Ëμ. ë³ÝÓ, Ý»É, Ññ×í»É. It ~d my heart ¸³ ÇÝÓ ß³ï áõ-
ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛ³Ý ÙÇçáó. draw the ~ ÓÇáõ ë³ÝÓÁ ñ³Ë³óñ»ó. ~ to hear áõñ³Ë ÉÇÝ»É Éë»É:
ù³ß»É. give the horse the ~s ÓÇáõ ë³ÝÓÁ μ³ó rejoicing [ri΄dзɔisiŋ] n ½í³ñ×áõÃÛáõÝ, áõñ³-
ÃáÕÝ»É. give ~ to one’s imagination »ñ¨³Ï³- ËáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÛáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ³½³ïáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É. keep a tight ~ rejoin [ri΄dзɔin] v ÙdzݳÉ, í»ñ³¹³éݳÉ. ~
(Ù»ÏÇ) ë³ÝÓÁ ù³ß³Í å³Ñ»É. the ~s of the one’s regiment Çñ ·áõݹ í»ñ³¹³éݳÉ. He
government ϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Õ»ÏÁ: will ~ us later ²í»ÉÇ áõß Ý³ Ù»½ ÏÙdzݳ:
reincarnation [‚ri:inka:΄nei∫n] n í»ñ³- rejoinder [ri΄dзɔində] n å³ï³ë˳Ý, ³-
Ù³ñÙݳíáñáõÙ: é³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
rejuvenate 680 relegate

rejunction [ri΄dзΛŋk∫ən] n í»ñ³- relative [΄relətiv] a ѳñ³μ»ñ³Ï³Ý. with ~


ÙdzíáñáõÙ, í»ñ³¹³ñÓ: calm ѳñ³μ»ñ³Ï³Ý ѳݷëïáõÃÛ³Ùμ. pa-
rejuvenate [ri΄dзu:vəneit] v »ñÇï³ë³ñ- pers ~ to this case ³Ûë ·áñÍÇÝ í»ñ³μ»ñáÕ
¹³óÝ»É, »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹³Ý³É: ÷³ëï³ÃÕûñ:
rejuvenation [ri‚dзu:və΄nei∫n] n »ñÇï³- relatively [΄relətivli] adv ѳٻٳï³μ³ñ,
ë³ñ¹³óáõÙ, áõÅ»ñÇ/³éáÕçáõÃÛ³Ý í»ñ³- ѳñ³μ»ñ³μ³ñ:
ϳݷÝáõÙ: relativity [‚relə΄tivəti] n ѳñ³μ»ñ³Ï³-
relapse [ri΄læps] n ÏñÏÝáõÃÛáõÝ, í»ñ³¹³ñÓ. ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. theory of ~ ѳñ³μ»ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý
μÅßÏ. ³Ëï³¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝ. The patient had a ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ:
~ ÐÇí³Ý¹Ý ³Ëï³¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»ó³í: relax [ri΄læks] v ÃáõɳóÝ»É, Ù»ÕÙ³óÝ»É. ɳñ-
relapse [ri΄læps] v í»ñ³¹³éݳÉ. ÝáñÇó ÑÇ- í³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ýí³½»óÝ»É. ~ one’s attention/
í³Ý¹³Ý³É. ~ into old ways ÑÇÝ ëáíáñáõÛÃ- muscles/efforts áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ/ÙϳÝÝ»ñÁ/
Ý»ñÇÝ í»ñ³¹³éݳÉ. ~ into silence Éé»É: ç³Ýù»ñÁ ÃáõɳóÝ»É. The tension ~ed ȳñ-
relate [ri΄leit] v å³ïÙ»É. ~ in detail Ù³Ýñ³- í³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ýí³½»ó. Try to ~ öáñÓ»ù
Ù³ëÝ å³ïÙ»É. ~ one’s adventures Çñ ³ñϳÍ- ãɳñí»É/ѳݷÇëï ÉÇÝ»É. ~ after lunch ѳÝ-
Ý»ñÁ å³ïÙ»É. strange to ~ (áñù³Ý) ï³ñû- ·Çëï ׳ßÇó Ñ»ïá. She never ~es ܳ ÙÇßï
ñÇÝ³Ï ¿ ³ë»É, μ³Ûó. (ϳå³Ïó»É, ѳñ³μ»- ɳñí³Í ¿/Ó·í³Í ¿:
ñáõÃÛáõÝ Ñ³ëï³ï»É) ~ the events Çñ³¹³ñ- relaxation [‚ri:læk΄sei∫n] n ÃáõɳóáõÙ, ɳñ-
ÓáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ϳå»É ÙÇÙÛ³Ýó Ñ»ï. This ~s í³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý Ýí³½áõÙ. ~ zone h³Ý·Çëï/
to his job ê³ Ï³å áõÝÇ Ýñ³ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ Ñ³Ý·ëïÇ ·áïÇ. one’s favourite ~ ѳݷëïÇ
Ñ»ï: ݳËÁÝïñ³Í/ëÇñ³Í Ó¨Á. It’s time to have
related [ri΄leitid] a ϳåí³Í, ѳñ³μ»ñáõ- some ~ ijٳݳÏÝ ¿ ÙÇ ÷áùñ ѳݷëï³-
ÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»óáÕ, Çñ³ñ Ñ»ï ϳå áõÝ»óáÕ. be ݳÉ:
~ ³½·³Ïó³Ï³Ý ϳåÇ Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É. be dis- relaxed [ri΄lækst] a ѳݷëï³ó³Í, ѳÝ-
tantly ~ Ñ»é³íáñ ³½·³Ï³Ý ÉÇÝ»É. be pretty ·Çëï, áã ɳñí³Í. ˳ճÕ, ³ÝËéáí. look ~
nearly ~ Ù»ñÓ³íáñ ³½·³Ï³Ý ÉÇÝ»É. ~ by ˳ճÕ/³ÝËéáí ï»ëù áõݻݳÉ:
marriage ËݳÙÇ³Ï³Ý Ï³å»ñÇ Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É.
relay [΄ri:lei] n Ñ»ñó÷áËáõÙ, Ñ»ñó÷áË.
These questions are not ~ ²Ûë ѳñó»ñÁ
¿É. ÷á˳ñÏÇã, é»É». é³¹., Ñ»é. í»ñ³-
ϳå³Ïóí³Í ã»Ý. history and other ~
ïñ³Ýëɳódz. ~ station í»ñ³ïñ³ÝëɳóÇáÝ
subjects å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ ¨ ³ÛÉ Ñ³ñ³ÏÇó
ϳ۳Ý. work in ~s Ñ»ñó÷áËáí ³ß˳ï»É.
³é³ñϳݻñ:
~ race Ùñ½. ¿ëï³ý»ï³ÛÇÝ í³½ù, ÷á˳Ý-
relation [ri΄lei∫n] n ѳñ³μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. óáõÙ³ÛÇÝ í³½ù£
trade/business/diplomatic/strained/friendly ~s
³é¨ïñ³Ï³Ý/·áñÍݳϳÝ/¹Çí³Ý³·Çï³-
release [ri΄li:s] n ³½³ïáõÙ, ³½³ï ³ñ-
Ó³ÏáõÙ. ~ from prison ³½³ïáõÙ μ³ÝïÇó.
ϳÝ/Ó·í³Í/ÁÝÏ»ñ³Ï³Ý ѳñ³μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ-
(Ññ³ï³ñ³ÏáõÙ) It is a new ~ Üáñ ¿ ¹áõñë
Ý»ñ. public ~s ѳë³ñ³Ï³ÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ï ϳ-
»Ï»É. a press ~ ѳÕáñ¹áõÙ Ù³ÙáõÉÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ,
å»ñ. establish/break ~s ѳëï³ï»É/˽»É ѳ-
Ù³ÙÉá ѳÕáñ¹³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
ñ³μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. bear no ~ áã ÙÇ Ñ³ñ³-
μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ/ϳå ãáõݻݳÉ. (μ³ñ»Ï³Ù, ³½-
release [ri΄li:s] v ³½³ïáõÙ, ³½³ï ³ñ-
ӳϻÉ. ~ from an obligation, duty å³ñï³-
·³Ï³Ý) blood ~ ³ñÛáõݳÏó³Ï³Ý ϳå. a
near/distant ~ Ùáï/Ñ»éáõ ³½·³Ï³Ý. ~ on íáñáõÃÛáõÝÇó ³½³ï»É. ~ from a debt å³ñï-
mother’s /father’s side Ùáñ/Ñáñ ÏáÕÙÇó ³½·³- ùÇó ³½³ï»É. ~ two days a week ß³μ³ÃÁ
ϳÝ: »ñÏáõ ûñ ³½³ï»É. (μ³ó ÃáÕÝ»É) ~ one’s
ralationship [ri΄lei∫n∫ip] n ѳñ³μ»ñáõ- hand Ó»éùÁ μ³ó ÃáÕÝ»É. ~ the trigger Ó·³ÝÁ
ÃÛáõÝ, ϳå. ³½·³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ. blood ~ ³ñÛáõ- μ³ó ÃáÕÝ»É. ~ a new film Ýáñ ýÇÉÙ ¿Ïñ³Ý
ݳÏó³Ï³Ý ϳå. marital ~ ³ÙáõëÝ³Ï³Ý μ³ó ÃáÕÝ»É/óáõó³¹ñ»É:
ѳñ³μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: relegate [΄religeit] v íï³ñ»É. ³ëïÇ׳ݳ-
relative [΄relətiv] n ³½·³Ï³Ý/áõÑÇ. remote ~ ½ñÏ»É, å³ßïáÝÝ Çç»óÝ»É. ~ to the position of
Ñ»é³íáñ ³½·³Ï³Ý£ clerk Çç»óÝ»É ·ñ³ë»Ý۳ϳÛÇÝ ³ß˳ïáÕÇ
relent 681 remain

³ïÇ׳ÝÇ. ~ a team to the second division relief II [ri΄li:f] n é»ÉÇ»ý. ³ßËñ·.


ÃÇÙÁ ï»Õ³÷áË»É »ñÏñáñ¹ ËáõÙμ: ï»ÕÇ/í³ÛñÇ é»ÉÇ»ý. ³ñí. ó³Íñ³ù³Ý¹³Ï.
relent [ri΄lent] v Ù»ÕٳݳÉ, ÷³÷Ï»É, ·Ã³- low ~ Ëáñ³ù³Ý¹³Ï, μ³ñ»ÉÇ»ý. high ~
ß³ñÅ»É: μ³ñÓñ³ù³Ý¹³Ï. in ~ áõéáõóÇÏ, óóáõÝ:
relentless [ri΄lentləs] a ³Ý·áõÃ, ³ÝáÕáù: relieve [ri΄li:v] v ûè³óÝ»É, Ù»ÕÙ³óÝ»É,
relevance [΄reləvəns] n ï»ÕÇÝ ÉÇÝ»ÉÁ, ÃáõɳóÝ»É. ë÷á÷»É. ~ pain/anxiety/suffering
å³ïß³×áõÃÛáõÝ. ÑÇÙݳíáñí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, ó³íÁ Ù»ÕÙ³óÝ»É, ³ÝѳݷëïáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ãáõ-
ѳٳå³ï³ë˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. a matter of great ɳóÝ»É, ï³Ýç³ÝùÁ ûè³óÝ»É. ~ one’s
~ ß³ï ϳñ¨áñ/ï»ÕÇÝ Ñ³ñó: cough ѳ½Á Ù»ÕÙ³óÝ»É. ~ boredom Ó³ÝÓ-
relevant [΄reləvənt] a ï»ÕÇÝ, ѳñÙ³ñ, ñáõÛÃÁ óñ»É. I’m ~d to see you àõñ³Ë »Ù í»ñ-
å³ïß³×. ϳñ¨áñ. ¿³Ï³Ý. the papers ~ to ç³å»ë ù»½ ï»ëÝ»É. (/³½³ï»É) ~ of a duty
the case ·áñÍÇÝ í»ñ³μ»ñáÕ Ï³ñ¨áñ ÃÕû- å³ñï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÇó ³½³ï»É. ~ of finan-
ñÁ. The question is very ~ today ²Ûë ѳñóÁ cial worries ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý Ñá·ë»ñÇó ³½³-
ß³ï ³ñ¹Ç³Ï³Ý ¿. the ~ clause ѳٳå³- ï»É. Let me ~ you of your case ÂáõÛÉ ïí»ù
ï³ëË³Ý Ï»ïÁ: í»ñóÝ»É Ó»ñ å³Ûáõë³ÏÁ. He was ~d of his
reliability [ri‚laiə΄biləti] n Ñáõë³ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ, command Üñ³Ý ³½³ï»óÇÝ Ññ³Ù³Ý³ï³-
³ñųݳѳí³ïáõÃÛáõÝ: ñáõÃÛáõÝÇó. ~ a town é½Ù. ù³Õ³ùÁ ³½³ï³-
reliable [ri΄laiəbl] a Ñáõë³ÉÇ, íëï³Ñ»ÉÇ. ·ñ»É. (Ñ»ñó÷áËáõÙ) ~ smb ÷á˳ñÇÝ»É
ëïáõÛ·. from a ~ source ѳí³ëïÇ ³ÕμÛáõñ- Ù»ÏÇÝ. He was ~d in the morning ܳ Ñ»ñ-
Ý»ñÇó. an entirely ~ person ÉñÇí íëï³Ñ»ÉÇ Ã³÷áËÇó ³½³ïí»ó ³é³íáïÛ³Ý:
³ÝÓ: religion [ri΄lidзən] n ÏñáÝ:
reliably [ri΄laiəbli] adv Ñáõë³ÉÇáñ»Ý, íëï³- religious [ri΄lidзəs] a ÏñáݳϳÝ, Ïñáݳë»ñ.
Ñ»ÉÇáñ»Ý. be ~ informed Ñáõë³ÉÇ ï»Õ»Ïáõ- ~ ceremony/beliefs/custom ÏñáÝ³Ï³Ý Í»ë/
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ áõݻݳÉ: ѳÙá½ÙáõÝù/ëáíáñáõÛÃ:
reliance [ri΄laiəns] n Ñáõë³ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ, íëï³- relinquish [ri΄liŋkwi∫] v ÃáÕÝ»É, Éù»É.
ÑáõÃÛáõÝ. ѳÙá½í³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. feel/have ~ upon Ññ³Å³ñí»É, ½Çç»É. ~ hope ÑáõÛëÁ Ïïñ»É. ~
íëï³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ. (ÏÇñ³éáõÙ) exten- one’s post å³ßïáݳÃáÕ ÉÇÝ»É. ~ plan Íñ³-
sive ~ ɳÛÝ ÏÇñ³éáõÙ: ·ñÇó Ññ³Å³ñí»É. ~ one’s rights Çñ³íáõÝù-
relic [΄relik] n ~ s Ñ»ïù»ñ, í»ñ³åñáõÏ, Ùݳ- Ý»ñÁ ½Çç»É:
óáñ¹. ÏñáÝ. Ù³ëáõÝù, ëñμáõÃÛáõÝ: relish [΄reli∫] n (ѳ׻ÉÇ, ³ËáñÅ»ÉÇ) ѳÙ,
relief I [ri΄li:f] n ûè³óáõÙ, Ù»ÕÙ³óáõÙ. ׳߳Ï, ³ËáñųÏ. lose its ~ ÷Ëμ. Ññ³å-
great/considerable ~ Ù»Í/Ý߳ݳϳÉÇó û- áõÛñÁ ÏáñóÝ»É. I would ~ some pastry г-
è³óáõÙ. bring/give ~ ûè³óáõÙ/Ù»ÕÙ³- ×áõÛùáí ÃËí³Íù Ïáõï»Ç. (ѳٻÙáõÝù)
óáõÙ μ»ñ»É. give a sigÑ of ~ ûè³ó³Í ßáõÝã Hunger is the best ~ ø³ÕóÁ ³Ù»Ý³É³í
ù³ß»É. (³ßËáõųóáõÙ) provide some light ~ ѳٻÙáõÝùÝ ¿. with a great ~ Ù»Í Ñ³×áõÛùáí.
³ßËáõųóáõÙ ÙïóÝ»É. a dress without any ~ He didn’t ~ the thought Üñ³Ý ¹áõñ ã»Ï³í ³Û¹
³é³Ýó ½³ñ¹³ñ³ÝùÇ ½·»ëï. give/receive ~ ÙÇïùÁ:
ï³É/ÁݹáõÝ»É û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. come to ~ û·- reluctance [ri΄lΛktəns] n ¹ÅϳÙáõÃÛáõÝ,
ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ·³É. ~ committee û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ïá- ãϳٻݳÉÁ. with ~ ¹ÅϳÙáõÃÛ³Ùμ. show ~
ÙÇï». get/grant ~ û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ëï³Ý³É/ï³É. ¹ÅϳÙáõÃÛáõÝ óáõó³μ»ñ»É:
provide for famine ~ ëáíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇÝ û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ reluctant [ri΄lΛktənt] a ¹ÅϳÙ, ѳñϳ¹ñ³-
óáõó³μ»ñ»É. the ~ of a city é½Ù. ù³Õ³ùÇ Ï³Ý:
³½³ï³·ñáõÙÁ. claim/seek ~ μ³í³ñ³ñáõÙ rely [ri΄lai] v íëï³Ñ»É, ѳí³ï³É, ³å³íÇ-
å³Ñ³Ýç»É. (Ñ»ñó÷áË, ÷á˳ñÇÝáõÙ) My Ý»É. ÑÇÙÝí»É. ~ fully ÉñÇí íëï³Ñ»É. ~ on
~ comes at 6 o’clock ÆÙ Ñ»ñó÷áËÁ ·³ÉÇë ¿ smb/upon smb’s word Ù»ÏÇÝ/Ù»ÏÇ ËáëùÇÝ
Å. 6-ÇÝ. in the ~ Ñ»ñó÷áËÇÝ. a ~ fund íëï³Ñ»É. He is not to be relied Üñ³Ý ãÇ
û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ÑÇÙݳ¹ñ³Ù. a ~ train μ»éݳ- ϳñ»ÉÇ íëï³Ñ»É. ~ upon it ìëï³Ñ »ÕÇñ,
ó÷Ù³Ý ·Ý³óù. a ~ pilot Ñ»ñó÷áË û¹³- ìëï³Ñ»óÝáõÙ »Ù:
ãáõ: remain [ri΄mein] n ÙݳÉ. ~ behind Ñ»ï ÙݳÉ.
remainder 682 remit

Nothing ~s but ... àãÇÝã ãÇ ÙÝáõÙ ù³Ý... ~ neu- áõÕÕ»É. ËëÏó. ¸ñ³Ý ¹³ñÙ³Ý Ï³:
tral 㻽áù ÙݳÉ. ~ unprovoked ë³¹ñ³ÝùÇ remember [ri΄membə] v ÑÇß»É, Ùï³μ»ñ»É.
ã»ÝóñÏí»É. That ~s to be seen ¸³ ¹»é ~ events/smb’s face Çñ³¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ/ÇÝã-
Ïï»ëÝ»Ýù. (ß³ñáõÝ³Ï»É ÙݳÉ) ~ silent/ stan- áñ Ù»ÏÇ ¹»ÙùÁ ÑÇß»É. hardly ~ ѳ½Çí ÑÇß»É.
ding/friends Éáõé/ϳݷݳÍ/ÁÝÏ»ñÝ»ñ ÙݳÉ. I must ~ âÙáé³Ý³Ù. as far as I ~ áñù³Ýáí
If the weather ~s fine ºÃ» »Õ³Ý³ÏÁ ã÷ã³Ý³: ÑÇßáõÙ »Ù. (ÑÇß³ï³Ï»É Ïï³ÏáõÙ) He ~ed
remainder [ri΄meində] 1. n Ùݳóáñ¹, Ùݳ- her in his will Üñ³ ³ÝáõÝÁ ÑÇß³ï³Ïí»ó
óáñ¹Ý»ñ. Ùݳó³ÍÝ»ñÁ. 2. a Ùݳó³Í. ÙÛáõë: Ïï³ÏáõÙ. R~ me kindly to them Êݹñ»Ù, μ³-
remains [ri΄meinz] n Ùݳóáñ¹, ÙݳóáõÏÝ»ñ. ñ¨Ý»ñ ѳÕáñ¹»ù Ýñ³Ýó:
give the dog the ~ Ùݳóáñ¹Ý»ñÁ ß³ÝÁ ï³É. remembrance [ri΄membrəns] n ÑÇßáÕáõ-
the ~ of an old castle ÑÇÝ ¹ÕÛ³ÏÇ ³í»ñ³ÏÝ»- ÃÛáõÝ, ÑÇß³ï³Ï. a small ~ of (me, him etc) ÙÇ
ñÁ. human ~ ³×ÛáõÝ: ÷áùñÇÏ ÑÇß³ï³Ï (ÇÝÓÝÇó, Ýñ³ÝÇó ¨
remake [‚ri:΄meik] v í»ñ³÷áË»É, í»- ³ÛÉÝ). ~s áÕçáõÛÝ, μ³ñ¨. Give my ~s ´³-
ñ³ßÇÝ»É, í»ñ³Ï³éáõó»É. »ñÅß. í»ñ³Ùß³- ñ¨Ý»ñë ѳÕáñ¹»ù:
Ï»É: remind [ri΄maind] v ÑÇß»óÝ»É. ~ him that
remark [ri΄ma:k] n ¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ÝßáõÙ. ÑÇß»óñ»ù Ýñ³Ý, áñ. She ~s me of her mother
important/witty/rude ~ ϳñ¨áñ/ëñ³ÙÇï/ ܳ ÇÝÓ Çñ ÙáñÝ ¿ ÑÇß»óÝáõÙ. He ~ed me of
ÏáåÇï ¹³ïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. introductory/opening our plan ܳ ÇÝÓ ÑÇß»óñ»ó Ù»ñ Íñ³·ñÇ
~ s Ý»ñ³Í³Ï³Ý ¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. make/ Ù³ëÇÝ. She failed to ~ me ܳ Ùáé³ó³í ÇÝÓ
pass a ~ ¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É. make no ~s áã ÑÇß»óÝ»É. What does that ~ you of? ¸³ Ó»½
ÙÇ μ³Ý ã³ë»É. worthy of ~ áõß³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ç±Ýã ¿ ÑÇß»óáõÙ/áãDZÝã ãÇ ÑÇß»óÝáõÙ:
³ñųÝÇ: reminder [ri΄maində] n ÑÇß»óáõÙ. Ñáõß,
remark [ri΄ma:k] v Ýß»É, Ýϳï»É. ¹Çïá- Ñáõß³Ýí»ñ. gentle ~ ³ÏݳñÏ, ³ÏݳñÏáõ-
ÕáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É. ³ñï³Ñ³Ûïí»É. ~ one’s ÃÛáõÝ. as a ~ áñå»ë ÑÇß»óáõÙ:
absence Ýß»É/Ýϳï»É Ù»ÏÇ μ³ó³Ï³Ûáõ- remindful [ri΄maindfl] a ÑÇß»óÝáÕ, ÑÇßá-
ÃÛáõÝÁ; ÕáõÃÛáõÝ ³ñÃݳóÝáÕ:
remarkable [ri΄ma:kəbl] a áõß³·ñ³í. reminiscence [‚remi΄nisns] n ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝ,
Ý߳ݳíáñ. ³ñï³Ï³ñ·. ~ person/scientist Ñáõß, ÑÇß³ï³Ï. ~s Ñáõß»ñ:
/beauty áõß³·ñ³í Ù³ñ¹, Ý߳ݳíáñ reminiscent [‚remi΄nisnt] a ÑÇß»óÝáÕ, ÑÇ-
·ÇïݳϳÝ, ³ñï³Ï³ñ· ·»Õ»óÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ ßáÕáõÃÛáõÝ ³ñÃݳóÝáÕ. ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»-
for its monuments ѳÛïÝÇ Çñ Ñáõß³ñÓ³Ý- ñáí ï³ñí³Í. be in a ~ mood ÑÇßáÕáõ-
Ý»ñáí: ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí ï³ñí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. That phrase is ~
remarkably [ri΄ma:kəbli] adv ½³ñٳݳ- of Shakespeare ²Û¹ ѳïí³ÍÁ Þ»ùëåÇñ ¿
ÉÇáñ»Ý, ÑdzݳÉÇáñ»Ý. ã³÷³½³Ýó ³Ýëá- ÑÇß»óÝáõÙ:
íáñ: remiss [ri΄mis] a ³Ýáõß³¹Çñ, ³Ý÷áõÛÃ, ³Ý-
remediable [ri΄mi:diəbl] a áõÕÕ»ÉÇ, ¹³ñÙ³- Ñá·. That was ~ of you ¸³ Ó»ñ ÏáÕÙÇó ³Ý-
Ý»ÉÇ. μáõÅ»ÉÇ: ÷áõÃáõÃÛáõÝ/³Ýáõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ñ. I am very
remedial [ri΄mi:diəl] a μÅßÏ. μáõÅÇã, ~ about writing ܳٳϳ·ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ñóáõÙ
³ÙáùÇã. Ù»ÕÙ³óÝáÕ. ~ exercises μáõÅ³Ï³Ý »ë ß³ï ³Ý÷áõÛà »Ù:
Ù³ñÙݳٳñ½áõÃÛáõÝ. ~ measures Çñ³í³- remission [ri΄mi∫n] n Ý»ñáõÙ. ³½³ïáõÙ
Ï³Ý å³ßïå³Ý³Ï³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ: å³ïÅÇó/å³ñïùÇó. ¹³¹³ñ»óÝ»ÉÁ, í»-
remed/y [΄remədi] 1. n ¹»Õ, ÙÇçáó, ¹»Õ³ÙÇ- ñ³óÝ»ÉÁ. ¹³ï³í×éÇ Ù»ÕÙ³óáõÙ. ~ of a
çáó. new/remarkable/effective ~ Ýáñ/³ñï³- debt å³ñïùÇó ³½³ï»ÉÁ:
ϳñ·/·áñÍáõÝ ¹»Õ³ÙÇçáó. a ~ for a cold ¹»Õ remissive [ri΄misiv] a Ý»ñáÕ. Ýí³½»ó-
Ùñë³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý ¹»Ù. There is no ~ for... (áã ÙÇ) ÝáÕ:
ØÇçáó ãϳ. The situation is past ~ ìÇ׳ÏÝ remit [ri΄mit] v Ý»ñ»É. Ýí³½»óÝ»É. í»ñ³ó-
³ÝÑáõÛë ¿. Work is the best ~ ²ß˳ï³ÝùÁ Ý»É/Ù»ÕÙ»É å³ïÇÅÁ. ~ debts å³ñïù»ñÁ
³Ù»Ý³É³í ¹»Õ³ÙÇçáóÝ ¿. 2. v μáõÅ»É, Ý»ñ»É, å³ñïùÇ í׳ñáõÙÇó ³½³ï»É. ~
áõÕÕ»É. That can be ~ied ¸³ ϳñ»ÉÇ ¿ one’s sentence ¹³ï³í×ÇéÁ Ù»ÕÙ³óÝ»É.
remittance 683 rendezvous

(³é³ù»É, áõÕ³ñÏ»É) ~ money ÷áÕ áõÕ³ñ- remove [ri΄mu:v] v ѳݻÉ. Ù³ùñ»É, ѳí³-
Ï»É. Money was ~ted öáÕÝ áõÕ³ñÏí»ó: ù»É. í»ñ³óÝ»É. ï»Õ³÷áË(í)»É, ÷á˳-
remittance [ri΄mitns] n ÷á˳¹ñáõÙ, ³é³- ¹ñ(í)»É. ~ one’s hat ·É˳ñÏÁ ѳݻÉ. ~ a table
ùáõÙ, ÷á˳ÝóáõÙ. cash ~ ¹ñ³Ù³Ï³Ý ÷á- ë»Õ³ÝÁ ѳí³ù»É. ~ plates from the table ³÷-
˳ÝóáõÙ/³é³ùáõÙ: ë»Ý»ñÁ ë»Õ³ÝÇó ѳí³ù»É. ~ oneself Ñ»é³-
remittee [ri‚mit΄i:] n ¹ñ³Ù³Ï³Ý ÷á˳¹- ݳÉ. ~ a tax ѳñÏÁ í»ñ³óÝ»É. ~ one’s name
ñáõÃÛáõÝ ëï³óáÕ: from the list ³ÝáõÝÁ óáõó³ÏÇó ѳݻÉ. ~ ob-
remnant [΄remnənt] n Ùݳóáñ¹, ÙݳóáõÏ. stacles ËáãÁݹáïÝ»ñÁ í»ñ³óÝ»É. ~ smb
í»ñ³åñáõÏ. ~s (of food) áõï»ÉÇùÇ Ùݳ- from a post å³ßïáÝÇó ³½³ï»É. ~ stains
óáñ¹. ~s of war å³ï»ñ³½ÙÇ ÝÛáõÃ³Ï³Ý Ï»Õï³μÍ»ñÁ ѳݻÉ. ~ members ³Ý¹³ÙÝ»-
ѻ勉ÝùÝ»ñÁ: ñÇÝ ï»Õ³÷áË»É/Ñ»é³óÝ»É. ~ to a new house
remonstrance [ri΄mɒnstrəns] n μáÕáù, Ýáñ ïáõÝ ï»Õ³÷áËí»É:
³é³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ, Áݹ¹ÇÙáõÃÛáõÝ: removed [ri΄mu:vd] a Ñ»é³íáñ, Ñ»é³óñ³Í.
remonstrate [΄remənstreit] v μáÕáù»É, Ù»Ïáõë³ó³Í. once/twice ~ »ñÏñáñ¹/»ññáñ¹
³é³ñÏ»É. ѳÙá½»É, Ñáñ¹áñ»É. ~ smn about ë»ñÝ¹Ç ³½·³Ï³Ý:
his rudeness ¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É ÏáåÇï remover [ri΄mu:və] n μͳѳÝ, μÍ»ñ Ù³ù-
ÉÇÝ»Éáõ ѳٳñ: ñ»Éáõ ÙÇçáó. oil ~ ÛáõÕÇ μÍ»ñÁ ѳݻÉáõ ÙÇ-
remorse [ri΄mɔ:s] n ËÕ×Ç Ë³ÛÃ, ½ÇçáõÙ. çáó:
withûut any ~ ³é³Ýó áñ¨¿ ËÕ×Ç Ë³Ûà remunerate [ri΄mju:nəreit] v í³ñÓ³ïñ»É,
½·³Éáõ. pangs of ~ ËÕ×Ç Ë³ÛÃáóÝ»ñ. be ѳïáõó»É, í׳ñ»É:
overcome with ~ ËÇÕ×Á ï³Ýç»É: remuneration [ri‚mju:nə΄rei∫n] n í³ñÓ³ï-
remorseful [ri΄mɔ:sfl] a (ݳ¨ be ~) ½Õçáõ- ñáõÙ, ѳïáõóáõÙ, ÷áËѳïáõóáõÙ:
Ùáí ÉÇ: remunerative [ri΄mju:nərətiv] a ߳ѳí»ï,
remorseless [ri΄mɔ:sləs] a ³ÝËÇÕ×, ³Ý- ɳí í³ñÓ³ïñíáÕ. ³é³ï³Ó»éÝ:
·áõÃ: renaissance [rə΄neisns] n í»ñ³ÍÝáõݹ,
remote [ri΄məut] a Ñ»é³íáñ, Ñ»éáõ. a ~ vil- í»ñ³Ï»Ý¹³Ý³óáõÙ. tÑe R~ ì»ñ³ÍÝáõÃÛáõÝ
lage/spot Ñ»é³íáñ ·ÛáõÕ/í³Ûñ. in the est parts (¹³ñ³ßñç³Ý):
of Africa ²ýñÇϳÛÇ ³Ù»Ý³ËáõÉ/³ÝÙ³ïã»ÉÇ renal [΄ri:nl] a »ñÇϳٳÛÇÝ, »ñÇϳÙáõÝùÇ:
Ù³ë»ñáõÙ. in the ~ past/future Ñ»é³íáñ ³Ýó- renascent [ri΄næsnt] a í»ñ³ÍÝíáÕ:
Û³ÉáõÙ/Ñ»éáõ ³å³·³ÛáõÙ. a ~ resemblance rencounter [ren΄kauntə] n μ³ËáõÙ, Áݹѳ-
÷Ëμ. Ñ»é³íáñ ÝÙ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ relation ñáõÙ, í»×:
Ñ»éáõ μ³ñ»Ï³Ù. a ~ possibility ÷áùñ ³Ý- render [΄rendə] v Ù³ïáõó»É, óáõÛó ï³É.
Ýß³Ý Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. not the ~ idea ï³É, ¹³ñÓÝ»É. ~ assistance/service/honour
³Ù»Ý³ãÝãÇÝ ·³Õ³÷³ñÝ ÇëÏ. ~ control Ñ»- û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ óáõÛó ï³É, ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ Ù³-
é³Ï³é³í³ñ³Ï³Ý í³Ñ³Ý³Ï. be a ~ figure ïáõó»É. å³ïÇí μ»ñ»É. ~ homage/thanks
¹Åí³ñ ß÷íáÕ (Ûáɳ ã·Ý³óáÕ) ³ÝÓݳ- ѳñ·³Ýù óáõÛó ï³É, ßÝáñѳϳÉáõÃÛáõÝ
íáñáõÃÛáõÝ: ѳÛïÝ»É. ~ an account ѳßÇí Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É.
remount [΄ri:maunt] n é½Ù. Ódzϳ½ÙÇ Ñ³- ~ a sentence ¹³ï³í×Çé ϳ۳óÝ»É. (¹³ñÓ-
Ù³ÉñáõÙ/Ýáñá·áõÙ: Ý»É) ~ active ³ÏïÇí³óÝ»É. ~ helpless ³Ýû·-
removable [ri΄mu:vəbl] a ß³ñųϳÝ. ÷á- Ý³Ï³Ý ¹³ñÓÝ»É. ~ liable »ÝóñÏ»É. ~
˳ñÇÝ»ÉÇ. í»ñ³óÙ³Ý »Ýóϳ: (down) fat ËÑñ. ׳ñåÁ ѳɻÉ:
removal [ri΄mu:vl] n ÷á˳¹ñáõÙ. ï»Õ³- rendering [΄rendəriŋ] n í»ñ³ñï³¹ñáõ-
÷áËáõÃÛáõÝ. í»ñ³óáõÙ, Ñ»é³óáõÙ. ~ of fur- ÃÛáõÝ. óñ·Ù³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ³ñí. Ù»Ïݳμ³-
niture ϳÑáõÛùÇ ï»Õ³÷áËáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ van ÝáõÙ, ϳï³ñáõÙ. óáõó³¹ñáõÙ, ïñ³Ù³¹-
ϳÑáõÛùÇ ÷á˳¹ñ³ÙÇçáó. ~ to a new build- ñáõÙ. ~ help/service û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ óáõÛó ï³ÉÁ,
ing Ýáñ ß»Ýù ÷á˳¹ñáõÙÁ. ~ of a threat ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ Ù³ïáõó»ÉÁ ~ of accounts
íï³Ý·Ç í»ñ³óáõÙ. ~ from office å³ßïá- ѳßÇíÝ»ñÇ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõÙ:
ÝÇó Ñ»é³óÝ»ÉÁ/ѳݻÉÁ. ~ firm ÷á˳¹ñ³- rendezvous [΄rɒndivu:] n ųٳ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ,
ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ ·áñͳϳÉáõÃÛáõÝ: ųٳ¹ñ³í³Ûñ. a favourite ~ ѳݹÇåÙ³Ý
renegade 684 repay

ëÇñ»ÉÇ í³Ûñ. a ~ in space ѳݹÇåáõÙ, rentier [΄rɒntiei] n é³ÝïÛ», é»Ýï³ÛÇ Ñ³ß-


ͳÛñ³ÏóáõÙ, ÙdzÏóáõÙ ïÇ»½»ñùáõÙ: íÇÝ ³åñáÕ:
renegade [΄renigeid] n ¹³í³×³Ý, áõñ³óáÕ: renunciation [ri‚nΛnsi΄ei∫n] n Ññ³Å³ñáõÙ,
renew [ri΄nju:] v Ýáñá·»É, Ýáñ³óÝ»É, óñ- Ññ³Å³ñ³·Çñ, Ññ³Å³ñÙ³Ý ³Ïï. ~ of suit
Ù³óÝ»É. í»ñ³Ï³Ý·Ý»É. ~ an acquaintance Ññ³Å³ñáõ٠ѳÛóÇó:
ͳÝáÃáõÃÛáõÝÁ í»ñ³Ï³Ý·Ý»É. ~ a lease/con- reopen [ri:΄əupən] v í»ñ³μ³Ý³É, í»ñ³-
tract í³ñӳϳÉáõÃÛáõÝÁ/å³Ûٳݳ·ÇñÁ μ³ó»É. í»ñëÏë»É. ~ negotiations í»ñëÏë»É
í»ñëÏë»É. ~ an invitation Ññ³í»ñÁ ÏñÏÝ»É. ~ μ³Ý³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ. ~ a trial ¹³ï³Ï³Ý
one’s library book ·ñ³¹³ñ³ÝÇ ·ñùÇ Å³Ù- ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ í»ñëÏë»É. The wound has ~ed
Ï»ïÁ »ñϳñ³óÝ»É with ~ed strength/hope ì»ñùÁ ÝáñÇó μ³óí»É ¿:
Ýáñ áõÅ»ñáí/ÑáõÛë»ñáí. ~ oneself í»- reorganization [ri‚ɔ:gənai΄zei∫n] n í»ñ³-
ñ³ÍÝí»É: ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÙ. í»ñ³Ï³éáõóáõÙ:
renewal [ri΄nju:əl] n í»ñ³Ýáñá·áõÙ, í»ñ³- reorganize [ri:΄ɔ:gənaiz] v í»ñ³Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñ-
ϳݷÝáõÙ, í»ñëÏëáõÙ. the ~ of hostilities å³-
å»É, í»ñ³Ï³éáõó»É. μ³ñ»÷áË»É:
ï»ñ³½Ù³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ í»ñ-
repair [ri΄peə] n Ýáñá·áõÙ, í»ñ³Ýáñá·áõÙ.
ëÏëáõÙ. ~ of lease í³ñӳϳÉáõÃÛ³Ý »ñϳ-
under ~ í»ñ³Ýáñá·Ù³Ý Ù»ç. permanent ~ ÁÝ-
ñ³óáõÙ:
óóÇÏ í»ñ³Ýáñá·áõÙ. in good/bad ~ ɳí,
renounce [ri΄nauns] v Ññ³Å³ñí»É, ã׳ݳ- ë³ñùÇÝ/í³ï, ³Ýë³ñù íÇ׳ÏáõÙ. beyond ~
ã»É, Ù»ñÅ»É. ~ a treaty å³Ûٳݳ·ñÇó Ññ³-
Ùdzݷ³Ù³ÛÝ ³Ýå»ïù, ÷ã³ó³Í. out of ~
ųñí»É:
³Ýë³ñùÇÝ. major/running, current ~s ϳåÇ-
renouncement [ri΄naunsmənt] n Ù»ñÅáõÙ, ï³É/ÁÝóóÇÏ í»ñ³Ýáñá·áõÙ. “Closed for
Ññ³Å³ñáõÙ. ã׳ݳã»ÉÁ:
~s” (óáõó³Ý³Ï) ö³Ï ¿ í»ñ³Ýáñá·Ù³Ý
renovate [΄renəveit] v Ýáñá·»É, í»ñ³Ýáñá-
å³ï׳éáí. ~ shop Ýáñá·Ù³Ý ³ñÑ»ëï³-
·»É, Ýáñ³óÝ»É. ~ a flat μݳϳñ³ÝÁ í»ñ³-
Ýáó:
Ýáñá·»É:
renovation [‚renəu΄vei∫n] n í»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝáõÙ, repair [ri΄peə] v Ýáñá·»É, í»ñ³Ýáñá·»É.
ѳïáõó»É, ÷áËѳïáõó»É. áõÕÕ»É (u˳ÉÁ,
í»ñ³Ï³éáõóáõÙ, óñÙ³óáõÙ:
renown [ri΄naun] n ÷³éù, ѳÙμ³í, Ñéã³Ï. ³Ý³ñ¹³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ). ~ the clock/road/car ų-
Ýáñá·áõÙ, í»ñ³Ýáñá·áõÙ, Ýáñ³óáõÙ: Ù³óáõÛóÁ/׳ݳå³ñÑÁ/Ù»ù»Ý³Ý í»ñ³Ýá-
renowned [ri΄naund] a Ñéã³Ï³íáñ, ³Ï³- ñá·»É. have one’s shoes /coat ~ed ÏáßÇÏÝ»-
ݳíáñ. ~ for one’s songs Ñéã³Ï³íáñ Çñ »ñ- ñÁ/í»ñ³ñÏáõÝ í»ñ³Ýáñá·»É ï³É. ~ a punc-
·»ñáí: ture ³Ýí³¹áÕÇ å³ïéí³ÍùÁ ëáëÝÓ»É. keep
rent [rent] n í³ñÓ³í׳ñ. high/low/moderate in ~ ë³ñùÇÝ å³Ñ»É:.
~ μ³ñÓñ/ó³Íñ/ã³÷³íáñ í³ñÓ³í׳ñ. owe repairable [ri΄peərəbl] a Ýáñá·»ÉÇ, Ýáñá·-
3 months’ ~ »ñ»ù ³Ùëí³ í³ñÓ³í׳ñ Ù³Ý »Ýóϳ:
å³ñïù ÉÇÝ»É. life ~ óÙ³Ñ í³ñÓ. for ~ í³ñ- reparable [΄repərəbl] a áõÕÕ»ÉÇ, ßïÏ»ÉÇ:
Óáõ, í³ñÓáõÛÃáí. The house is for ~ îáõÝÁ reparation [‚repə΄rei∫n] n í»ñ³Ýáñá·áõÙ,
í³ñÓáí ¿ ïñíáõÙ. ~ free í³ñÓ³í׳ñÇó Ýáñá·áõÙ. ~s ÷áËѳïáõóáõÙ, å³ï»ñ³½-
³½³ïí³Í. ~ collector í³ñÓ³í׳ñ ѳí³- Ù³Ï³Ý ïáõ·³Ýù:
ùáÕ: repartee [‚repa:΄ti:] n ëñ³ÙïáõÃÛáõÝ,
rent [rent] v í³ñÓ»É, í³ñÓáí í»ñóÝ»É. í³ñ- Ñݳñ³ÙïáõÃÛáõÝ. witty ~ ëñ³ÙÇï å³-
ÓáõÛÃáí ï³É. ~ out í³ñÓáí ï³É. ~ a flat/an ï³ë˳Ý. The play is full of ~s äÇ»ëÁ ÉÇ ¿
office μݳϳñ³Ý /·ñ³ë»ÝÛ³Ï í³ñÓ»É. ~ a ëñ³ÙïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí:
car/a piano í³ñÓáõÛÃáí Ù»ù»Ý³/¹³ßݳÙáõñ repast [ri΄pa:st] n áõï»ÉÇù (׳ß, ÁÝÃñÇù ¨
í»ñóÝ»É: ³ÛÉÝ). a light ~ ûè ËáñïÇÏÝ»ñ:
rental [΄rentl] n í³ñÓ³í׳ñ: repatriate [‚ri:΄pætrieit] v, n ѳÛñ»Ý³-
renter [΄rentə] n í³ñÓáÕ, í³ñӳϳÉ. ¹³ñÓ»É, ѳÛñ»Ý³¹³ñÓ:
rent-free [‚rent΄fri:] a í³ñÓ³í׳ñÇó ³- repatriation [‚ri:pætri΄ei∫n] n ѳÛñ»Ý³-
½³ïí³Í: ¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝ:
repayable 685 report

repay [ri΄pei] v ѳïáõó»É, ÷áËѳïáõó»É. ó³ÝÏ/å³ß³ñ:


í³ñÓ³ïñ»É. ~ a debt å³ñïùÁ ï³É. How repertory [΄repətəri] n å³Ñ»ëï, å³Ñáó.
can I ever ~ you? ÆÝãå»±ë ϳñáÕ »Ù Ó»½ ï»Õ»Ï³·Çñù, ÅáÕáí³Íáõ. ~ company/the-
í³ñӳѳïáõÛó ÉÇÝ»É: atre ·³í³é³Ï³Ý óïñáÝ:
repayable [ri΄peiəbl] a í׳ñÙ³Ý/ѳïáõó- repetition [‚repə΄ti∫n] n ÏñÏÝáõÃÛáõÝ. óïñ.
Ù³Ý »Ýóϳ: ÷áñÓ, ˳ճ÷áñÓ:
repayment [ri΄peimənt] n í׳ñáõÙ, ÷áË- repetitive [ri΄petətiv] a ÏñÏÝíáÕ. The author
ѳïáõóáõÙ, í³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛáõÝ. as a ~ for is very ~ лÕÇݳÏÝ ³ÝÁݹѳï ÏñÏÝíáõÙ ¿:
kindness μ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÷áËѳïáõóáõÙ. ~ repine [ri΄pain] v ïñïÝç³É, ¹Å·áÑ»É. ·³Ý-
order í׳ñÙ³Ý Ï³ñ·³¹ñ³·Çñ: ·³ïí»É:
repeal [ri΄pi:l] 1. n í»ñ³óáõÙ, ã»Õ³ñÏáõÙ, replace [ri΄pleis] v ÝáñÇó ï»ÕÁ ¹Ý»É. ÷á-
ã»ÕÛ³É Ñ³Ûï³ñ³ñ»ÉÁ. 2. v í»ñ³óÝ»É, ˳ñÇÝ»É. ~ the receiver Ñ»é³Ëáë³÷áÕÁ
áãÝã³óÝ»É, ã»ÕÛ³É Ñ³Ûï³ñ³ñ»É: Çñ ï»ÕÁ ¹Ý»É. impossible to ~ ³Ý÷á˳ñÇ-
repeat [ri΄pi:t]1. v ÏñÏÝ»É. ÏñÏÝí»É, ÝáñÇó Ý»ÉÇ. He ~d his father ܳ ÷á˳ñÇÝ»ó Çñ
ï»ÕÇ áõݻݳÉ. on ~ed occasions ѳ׳˳- ÑáñÁ:
ÏÇ, μ³½ÙÇóë. You are ~ing yourself ¸áõù replacement [ri΄pleismənt] n ÷á˳ñÇÝáõÙ,
ÏñÏÝíáõÙ »ù. Don’t ~ it àã Ù»ÏÇÝ ã³ë»ë. ~ ÷á˳Ýáñ¹. He is my ~ ܳ ÇÙ ÷á˳Ýáñ¹Ý
everything to the boss ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã å»ïÇÝ Ñ³- ¿. hair ~ Ù³½»ñÇ å³ïí³ëïáõÙ. generation
Õáñ¹»É: 2. n ÏñÏÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ÏñÏÝáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ ë»ñݹ³÷áËáõÃÛáõÝ:
÷áñÓ, ˳ճ÷áñÓ: replenish [ri΄pleni∫] v Éñ³óÝ»É, ѳٳÉñ»É:
repeated [ri΄pi:tid] a ÏñÏÝíáÕ, ÏñÏݳÏÇ. replenishment [ri΄pleni∫mənt] n ÉóÝ»ÉÁ,
after ~ efforts/requests μ³½Ù³ÃÇí ç³Ýù»ñÇó/ å³Ï³ëÁ Éñ³óÝ»ÉÁ. ѳٳÉñáõÙ:
Ëݹñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇó Ñ»ïá: replete [ri΄pli:t] a Éóí³Í, ÉÇùÁ, É»óáõÝ. be ~
repeatedly [ri΄pi:ditli] adv ÏñÏÇÝ, ѳ׳- Ïáõßï ÉÇÝ»É:
˳ÏÇ. μ³½ÙÇóë, ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ ³Ý·³Ù: repletion [ri΄pli:∫n] n ã³÷Çó ³í»ÉÇ ß³ï
repel [ri΄pel] v Ñ»ï ÙÕ»É, í³Ý»É. Ù»ñÅ»É. ~ Éóí³Í ÉÇÝ»ÉÁ. ·»ñѳ·»óáõÙ. Ïßï³Ý³ÉÁ:
an attack ѳñÓ³ÏáõÙÁ Ñ»ï ÙÕ»É. replica [΄replikə] n å³ï×»Ý, ÏñÏÝûñÇݳÏ.
(½½í³Ýù/·³ñß³Ýù ³é³ç³óÝ»É) He ~s é»åÉÇÏ. å³ï³ë˳Ý. angry/immediate ~
me ºë Ýñ³ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ ïѳ×áõÃÛáõÝ »Ù μ³ñϳó³Í/³ÝÙÇç³Ï³Ý å³ï³ë˳Ý/é»å-
½·áõÙ: ÉÇÏ£
repellent [ri΄pelənt] a í³ÝáÕ, ³Ý¹áõñ»Ï³Ý, reply [ri΄plai] n å³ï³ë˳Ý. in ~ Ç å³-
³Ý¹áõñ, ½½í»ÉÇ. an insect ~ ÙÇç³ï ëå³ÝÇã ï³ë˳Ý. ~ paid í׳ñí³Í å³ï³ë˳Ýáí:
(ÙÇçáó): reply [ri΄plai] v å³ï³ë˳ݻÉ. å³ï³ë-
repent [ri΄pent] v ó³í»É, ½Õç³É, ³÷ëáë»É. Ë³Ý ï³É. ~ to a letter ݳٳÏÇÝ å³ï³ë-
bitterly ~ ¹³éÝáñ»Ý ½Õç³É. I ~ to have sold ˳ݻÉ. ~ by airmail ³ídz÷áëïáí å³ï³ë-
my car ²÷ëáëáõÙ »Ù, áñ Ù»ù»Ý³ë í³×³é»É ˳ÝÝ áõÕ³ñϻɣ
»Ù: report [ri΄pɔ:t] n ½»ÏáõóáõÙ, ѳÕáñ¹áõÙ.
repentance [ri΄pentəns] n ½ÕçáõÙ, ³÷ëá- present a ~ on/about smth ½»ÏáõóáõÙ/ѳÕáñ-
ë³Ýù:
¹áõÙ Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É. detailed/scientific/ dull ~
repentant [ri΄pentənt] a ½Õç³óáÕ, ½ÕçÙ³Ý. Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ/·Çï³Ï³Ý/³ÝÑ»ï³ùñùÇñ ½»-
be ~ ½Õç³É:
ÏáõóáõÙ. (ѳßí»ïíáõÃÛáõÝ, íϳ۳ϳÝ) an
repercussion [‚ri:pə΄kΛ∫n] n Ñ»ï³Ñ³ñáõÙ. annual ~ ï³ñ»Ï³Ý ѳßí»ïíáõÃÛáõÝ. make
³ñÓ³·³Ýù, ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓáõÙ. ѻ勉Ýù-
a ~ ½»ÏáõóáõÙ ³Ý»É. The policeman wrote his
Ý»ñ. have far-reaching ~s Ñ»éáõ ·Ý³óáÕ Ñ»-
~ àëïÇϳÝÁ ³ñӳݳ·ñáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³½Ù»ó. a
勉ÝùÝ»ñ áõݻݳÉ. have ~s on prices ³Ý¹-
weather ~ »Õ³Ý³ÏÇ ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ. a school ~
ñ³¹³éÝ³É ·Ý»ñÇ íñ³:
Ãí³Ýß³ÝÝ»ñÇ íϳ۳ϳÝ. according to the
repertoire [΄repətwa:] n ˳ճó³ÝÏ. a wide
latest ~ ѳٳӳÛÝ í»ñçÇÝ Ñ³Õáñ¹áõÙÝ»-
~ ɳÛÝ Ë³Õ³ó³ÝÏ. a large ~ of funny stories
ñÇÝ. (Éáõñ, ѳÙμ³í) the ~ has it that, the ~
ÍÇͳճ߳ñÅ å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ù»Í
report 686 reproduction

goes ³ëáõÙ »Ý, áñ. Éáõñ»ñ »Ý ï³ñ³ÍíáõÙ. repress [ri΄pres] v ×Ýß»É, ½ëå»É. ~ tears ³ñ-
know only by ~ ÙdzÛÝ ³ë»Ïáë»Ý»ñÇó/Éáõñ»- óáõÝùÝ»ñÁ ½ëå»É. ~ uprising ³åëï³Ùμáõ-
ñÇó ÇٳݳÉ. (Ïñ³Ïáó) a loud ~ áõÅ»Õ Ïñ³- ÃÛáõÝÁ ×Ýß»É. a ~ed type ×Ýßí³Í Ñá·»íÇ׳-
Ïáó£ Ïáí ³ÝÓݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ:
report [ri΄pɔ:t] v ѳÕáñ¹»É, ï»Õ»Ï³óÝ»É. repression [ri΄pre∫n] n ÁÝÏ×í³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ,
ͳÝáõó»É, ѳÛïÝ»É. It is ~ed гÕáñ¹áõÙ »Ý. ×Ýßí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ×ÝßáõÙ, ×Ýß³ÙÇçáó£
~ed missing ѳٳñ»É ³ÝѳÛï Ïáñ³Í. ~ repressive [ri΄presiv] a ×ÝßÇã. å³ïÅÇã. ~
progress ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ ÁÝóóùÇ Ù³ëÇÝ ½»- measures ×ÝßÇã/å³ïÅÇã ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ:
Ïáõó»É. ~ a theft ·áÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇÝ ï»Õ»- reprieve [ri΄pri:v] n Ñ»ï³Ó·áõÙ. ųÙÏ»ïÇ
ϳóÝ»É. ~ smn μáÕáù»É Ù»ÏÇó. The teacher »ñϳñ³Ó·áõÙ. grant smb a ~ Ù»ÏÇÝ Å³-
~ed Tom ¸³ë³ïáõÝ μáÕáù»ó ÂáÙÇó. ~ well Ù³Ý³Ï ïñ³Ù³¹ñ»É/ųÙÏ»ïÁ »ñϳñ³ó-
of smn Ù»ÏÇÝ É³í μÝáõó·ñ»É. (ÃÕóÏó»É) ݻɣ
~ for the Times ³ÛÙ½ ûñÃÇÝ ÃÕóÏó»É. ~ reprimand [΄reprima:nd] 1. n ÝϳïáÕáõ-
to the manager ïÝûñ»ÝÇÝ Ý»ñϳ۳ݳÉ. ~ for ÃÛáõÝ, ѳݹÇÙ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. give/receive a ~
duty ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ Ý»ñϳ۳ݳÉ. R~ back to ÝϳïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É/ëï³Ý³É. 2. v Ýϳ-
me ÜáñÇó Ý»ñϳ۳ó»ù ÇÝÓ. ~ sick ï»Õ»- ïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É, ѳݹÇٳݻÉ:
ϳóÝ»É, áñ ÑÇí³Ý¹ ¿: reprint [‚ri:΄print] n, v í»ñ³Ññ³ï³ñ³Ïáõ-
reporter [ri΄pɔ:tə] n ÃÕóÏÇó, Éñ³·ñáÕ, ÃÛáõÝ. í»ñ³Ññ³ï³ñ³Ï»É, í»ñ³ïå»É:
½»ÏáõóáÕ: reprisal [ri΄praizl] n å³ï³ëË³Ý ×Ýß³ÙÇ-
repose [ri΄pəuz] n ѳݷÇëï, ¹³¹³ñ, ùáõÝ: çáó. threaten to take ~ ëå³éÝ³É å³ï³ë-
repose [ri΄pəuz] v ѳݷëï³Ý³É, ùÝ»É. ~ Ë³Ý ×Ýß³ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ Çñ³·áñÍ»É:
one’s head on a cushion ·ÉáõËÁ μ³ñÓÇÝ ¹Ý»É. reproach [ri΄prəut∫] n Ïßï³Ùμ³Ýù, ݳ˳-
~ on the sofa μ³½ÙáóÇÝ å³éÏ»É: ïÇÝù, ѳݹÇÙ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. heap ~es on, hurl
repository [ri΄pɒzitəri] n å³Ñ»ëï, å³Ñáó, ~es at ݳ˳ïÇÝù ó÷»É, ݳ˳ï»É be-
ßï»Ù³ñ³Ý: yond ~ ³Ýμ³ëÇñ, ³Ýå³ñë³í»ÉÇ. (˳Ûï³-
reprehend [‚repri΄hend] v ѳݹÇٳݻÉ, é³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ) bring ~ ˳Ûï³é³Ï»É:
ݳ˳ï»É: reproach [ri΄prəut∫] v ѳݹÇٳݻÉ, Ïßï³Ù-
reprehensible [‚repri΄hensəbl] a ¹³ï³- μ»É, å³ñë³í»É. ~ smb for smth ѳݹÇٳݻÉ
å³ñï»ÉÇ, å³ñë³í»ÉÇ: áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ.
reprehension [‚repri΄hen∫n] n å³ñë³- reproachful [ri΄prəut∫fl] a ѳݹÇٳݳ-
í³Ýù, Ïßï³Ùμ³Ýù: ϳÝ, Ïßï³Ùμ³ÉÇó:
represent [‚repri΄zent] v Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É. reproachfully [ri΄prəut∫fli] adv ѳݹÇÙ³-
å³ïÏ»ñ»É. ~ a country/a firm/the facts »ñ- ݳμ³ñ, ݳ˳ï»Éáí:
ÏÇñ/ýÇñÙ³/÷³ëï»ñ Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É. ~ to reprobate [΄reprəubeit]1. n ³ÝåÇï³Ý,
smn óáõÛó ï³É, Ù³ïݳóáõÛó ³Ý»É. ~ smb’s ëñÇϳ. 2. a ëïáñ, ³Ý³ñ·. 3. v å³ñë³í»É,
interests Ù»ÏÇ ß³Ñ»ñÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É: Ïßï³Ùμ»É:
representation [‚reprizen΄tei∫n] n å³ïÏ»- reprobation [‚reprəu΄bei∫n] n å³ñë³-
ñáõÙ, Ýϳñ³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ. Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóãáõ- í³Ýù, Ïßï³Ùμ³Ýù, ݳ˳ïÇÝù:
ÃÛáõÝ. diplomatic/commercial ~ ¹Çí³Ý³·Ç- reproduce [‚ri:prə΄dju:s] v í»ñ³ñï³¹ñ»É,
ï³Ï³Ý/³é¨ïñ³Ï³Ý Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóãáõ- í»ñ³Ï³Ý·Ý»É. Ï»Ýë. μ³½Ù³Ý³É. ÏñÏÝûñÇ-
ÃÛáõÝ/ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇã. proportional ~ ѳí³- ݳϻÉ, ÁݹûñÇݳϻÉ. ~ a voice on the tape
ë³ñ³ã³÷ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóãáõÃÛáõÝ: Ó³ÛÝÁ í»ñ³ñï³¹ñ»É. ~ copies of a painting
representative [‚repri΄zentətiv]1. a Ý»ñϳ- ÝϳñÇ å³ï×»ÝÝ»ñÁ ѳݻÉ:
Û³óáõóã³Ï³Ý, μÝáñáß. a ~ group of students reproducer [‚ri:prə΄dju:sə] n í»ñ³ñï³¹-
áõë³ÝáÕÝ»ñÇ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóã³Ï³Ý ËáõÙμ. ñáÕ. μ³ñÓñ³Ëáë:
These cases are not ~ ²Ûë ¹»åù»ñÁ μÝáñáß reproduction [‚ri:prə΄dΛk∫n] n í»ñ³ñï³-
ã»Ý. 2. n Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇã. ~ accredited of a ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ, í»ñ³ñï³¹ñáõÙ. å³ï×»Ý. Ï»Ýë.
government/of the press ϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý/ μ³½Ù³óáõÙ. ïÝï. í»ñ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~
Ù³ÙáõÉÇ Édz½áñ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇã: on a large scale ÁݹɳÛÝí³Í í»ñ³ñï³¹ñáõ-
reproductive 687 rescue

ÃÛáõÝ. ~ of results ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³ñ- request [ri΄kwest] n Ëݹñ³Ýù. å³ïí»ñ.


ï³¹ñáõÙ: å³Ñ³Ýç. at ~ Ëݹñ³Ýùáí, å³Ñ³Ýçáí. ~
reproductive [‚ri:prə΄dΛktiv] a í»ñ³ñï³- for assistance û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ëݹñ³Ýù. make a ~
¹ñáճϳÝ: áñ¨¿ Ëݹñ³Ýùáí ¹ÇÙ»É, ѳñóáõÙ ³Ý»É.
reproof [ri΄pru:f] n ѳݹÇÙ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, comply with/fulfil one’s ~ Ëݹñ³ÝùÁ μ³í³-
Ïßï³Ùμ³Ýù: ñ³ñ»É. ~ in writing ·ñ³íáñ Ëݹñ³Ýù, ÙÇç-
reprove [ri΄pru:v] v ѳݹÇٳݻÉ, Ïßï³Ù- Ýáñ¹³·Çñ. refuse smb’s ~ Ù»ñÅ»É Ëݹñ³Ý-
μ»É, ݳ˳ï»É: ùÁ. (å³Ñ³Ýç³ñÏ) in great ~ Ù»Í å³Ñ³Ý-
reptile [΄reptail]1. n ëáÕáõÝ. ÷Ëμ. ëïáñ³- ç³ñÏ áõÝ»óáÕ:
ù³ñß Ù³ñ¹. 2. a ëáÕ³óáÕ. ÷Ëμ. ùÍÝáÕ, request [ri΄kwest] v Ëݹñ»É, å³Ñ³Ýç»É. ~
ëïáñ³ù³ñß: smb to do smth Ù»ÏÇÝ Ëݹñ»É áñ¨¿ μ³Ý
republic [ri΄pΛblik] n ѳÝñ³å»ïáõÃÛáõÝ: ³Ý»É. ~ permission ÃáõÛÉïíáõÃÛáõÝ Ëݹñ»É.
republican [ri΄pΛblikən] n ùÕù. ѳÝñ³å»- Help is ~ed ú·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ å³Ñ³ÝçíáõÙ:
ï³Ï³Ý: requiem [΄rekwiəm] n ë·»ñ·, é»ùíÇ»Ù:
repudiate [ri΄pju:dieit] v áõñ³Ý³É, Ññ³- require [ri΄kwaiə] v å³Ñ³Ýç»É. ѳñϳíáñ/
ųñí»É. Ù»ñÅ»É, ÅËï»É. ~ the debt Ññ³Å³ñ- ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ÉÇÝ»É. ~ much time/much effort
í»É å³ñïù»ñÁ í׳ñ»Éáõó. ~ the accusation ß³ï ųٳݳÏ/ç³Ýù»ñ å³Ñ³Ýç»É. We ~
ÅËï»É Ù»Õ³¹ñ³ÝùÁ. ~ the treaty ã»ÕÛ³É help Ø»½ û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ ѳñϳíáñ. It ~d all
ѳÛï³ñ³ñ»É å³Ûٳݳ·ÇñÁ: his courage ²ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ñ Ýñ³ áÕç ù³çáõ-
repudiation [ri‚pju:di΄ei∫n] n áõñ³óáõÙ, ÃÛáõÝÁ. You are ~d Ò»ñ ϳñÇùÝ ¿ ½·³óíáõÙ:
Ññ³Å³ñáõÙ, Ù»ñÅáõÙ: required [ri΄kwaiəd] a ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï, å³-
repugnance, repugnancy [ri΄pΛgnəns, ѳÝçíáÕ. within the ~ time å³Ñ³ÝçíáÕ Å³-
ri΄pΛgnənsi] n ½½í³Ýù, ÝáÕϳÝù, ѳϳ- ٳݳϳÙÇçáóáõÙ. by the ~ date ë³ÑÙ³Ý-
Ïñ³Ýù: í³Í ųÙÏ»ïÇÝ. of ~ length ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï/
repugnant [ri΄pΛgnənt] a ½½í»ÉÇ, ÝáÕϳÉÇ, å³Ñ³Ýçí³Í »ñϳñáõÃÛ³Ùμ. ~ condition
³Ýï³Ý»ÉÇ: ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï å³ÛÙ³Ý:
repulse [ri΄pΛls] v Ñ»ï ÙÕ»É, í³Ý»É. Ù»ñÅ»É. requirement [ri΄kwaiəmənt] n å³Ñ³Ýç.
Ññ³Å³ñí»É. ~ smb’s advances ѳϳѳñí³Í ϳñÇù. ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõÃÛáõÝ. fulfil the ~s
ï³É: å³Ñ³ÝçÝ»ñÁ ϳï³ñ»É. meet all the ~s μá-
repulsion [ri΄pΛl∫n] n ÝáÕϳÝù, ѳϳ- Éáñ å³Ñ³ÝçÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ë˳ݻÉ.
Ïñ³Ýù: satisfy the ~s å³Ñ³ÝçÝ»ñÁ μ³í³ñ³ñ»É.
repulsive [ri΄pΛlsiv] a ÝáÕϳÉÇ, ½½í»ÉÇ í³- English is a ~ for that job ²Ý·É»ñ»ÝÇ ·Çï»ÉÇ-
ÝáÕ: ùÁ å³ñï³¹Çñ ¿ ³Û¹ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ.
reputable [΄repjutəbl] a ѳñ·»ÉÇ, å³ï- age ~ ï³ñÇù³ÛÇÝ ó»Ý½:
í³ñųÝ. ѳÝñ³Ñ³Ûï. Ñáõë³ÉÇ. a ~ firm requisite [΄rekwizit] n ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï μ³Ý. all
Ñ»ÕÇݳϳíáñ/ͳÝñ³ÏßÇé ýÇñÙ³. ~ person the ~s μáÉáñ ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï μ³Ý»ñÁ. a ~ time-
׳ݳãí³Í/ѳÛïÝÇ Ù³ñ¹: limit ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï/å³Ñ³ÝçíáÕ Å³ÙÏ»ï:
reputation [‚repju΄tei∫n] n ѳÙμ³í, ³ÝáõÝ, requisition [‚rekwi΄zi∫n] n å³Ñ³Ýç, å³ï-
Ñéã³Ï. ruin smb’s ~ ÏáñÍ³Ý»É Ù»ÏÇ Ñ³Ù- í»ñ:
μ³íÁ. earn /win/gain a ~ μ³ñÇ ³ÝáõÝ Ó»éù requital [ri΄kwaitl] n ѳïáõóáõÙ, ÷áËѳ-
μ»ñ»É. have a ~ for wit å³ïÙáõÃÛ³Ùμ ïáõóáõÙ. å³ïÇÅ, íñ»Å:
ѳÛïÝÇ ÉÇÝ»É. ëñ³ÙïáõÃÛ³Ùμ ѳÛïÝÇ requite [ri΄kwait] v ѳïáõó»É, ÷áËѳïáõ-
ÉÇÝ»É. a nationwide ~ ³ÙμáÕç »ñÏñáõÙ ó»É. ~ like for like ÝáõÛÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ ѳïáõó»É.
ѳÛïÝÇ: ÝáõÛÝ ¹ñ³Ùáí í׳ñ»É:
repute [ri΄pju:t] n ѳÙμ³í, Ñéã³Ï. Áݹѳ- rescind [ri΄sind] v í»ñ³óÝ»É, áãÝã³óÝ»É,
Ýáõñ ϳñÍÇù. according to ~ ѳٳӳÛÝ/Áëï ˽»É. å³Ûٳݳ·ÇñÁ ¹³¹³ñ»óÝ»É:
ÁݹѳÝáõñ ϳñÍÇùÇ. a firm of good ~ å³ï- rescript [΄ri:skript] n Ññ³Ù³Ý, Ññ³Ù³Ý³-
ϳé»ÉÇ ýÇñÙ³. bad ~ í³ï ѳÙμ³í. com- ·Çñ:
mon ~ ɳÛÝ ×³Ý³ãáõÙ: rescue [΄reskju:] n ÷ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ³½³ïáõÙ. go
rescue 688 residence

to smb’s ~ Ù»ÏÇÝ û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ·Ý³É. a daring ~ reservation [‚rezə΄vei∫n] n í»ñ³å³Ñáõ-


ѳٳñÓ³Ï ÷ñϳñ³ñ ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ ÃÛáõÝ, í»ñ³å³ÑáõÙ. with certain ~ áñáß í»-
boat/party/team ÷ñϳݳí³Ï, ÷ñϳñ³ñ ñ³å³ÑáõÙÝ»ñáí. without ~ ³Ýí»ñ³å³Ñ
çáϳï/ËáõÙμ: Ï»ñåáí, ³é³Ýó í»ñ³å³ÑáõÃÛ³Ý. with ~ of
rescue [΄reskju:] v ÷ñÏ»É, ³½³ï»É, û·Ýáõ- μ³ó³éáõÃÛ³Ùμ, í»ñ³å³ÑáõÙáí. (½ëåí³-
ÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ëÝ»É. ~ service ÷ñϳñ³ñ ͳé³Ûáõ- ÍáõÃÛáõÝ) treat with some ~ ½ëåí³Í/½ëåí³-
ÃÛáõÝ. ~ from drowning ˻չí»Éáõó ÷ñÏ»É. ~ ÍáõÃÛ³Ùμ í»ñ³μ»ñí»É. (ݳËÝ³Ï³Ý å³ï-
from an awkward situation ³ÝѳñÙ³ñ íÇ׳- í»ñ) make a ~ for theatre/hotel/ship ݳ˳å»ë
kïÇó ÷ñÏ»É/³½³ï»É: óïñáÝÇ ï»Õ»ñ/ÑÛáõñ³ÝáóÇ ë»ÝÛ³Ï/ݳíÇ
rescuer [΄reskju:ə] n ÷ñÏÇã, ³½³ï³ñ³ñ, ïáÙë»ñ å³ïíÇñ»É. (³ñ·»É³μݳϳí³Ûñ)
³½³ïáÕ: ~ for US Indians ³ñ·»É³μݳϳí³Ûñ ²Ù»ñÇ-
research [ri΄sə:t∫] n ѻﳽáïáõÃÛáõÝ, Ñ»- ϳÛÇ ÑݹϳóÇÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ:
ï³Ëáõ½áõÙ. áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ. carry out reserve [ri΄zə:v] n å³ß³ñ, å³Ñáõëï. Ùñ½.
~ ѻﳽáïáõÃÛáõÝ/áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ å³Ñ»ëïÇ Ë³Õ³óáÕ. in ~ å³Ñ»ëïáõÙ.
³ÝóϳóÝ»É. do a piece of ~ ѻﳽáïáõ- mineral ~s û·ï³Ï³ñ ѳݳÍáÝ»ñÇ å³ß³ñ.
ÃÛáõÝ Ï³ï³ñ»É. scientific/profound/funda- contingency ~ ³å³ÑáíáõÃÛ³Ý å³ß³ñ. (³ñ-
mental ~ ·Çï³Ï³Ý/ËáñÁ/ÑÇÙݳíáñ ·»Éáó) nature/forest/game ~ ³ñ·»Éáó/³ñ-
áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ work ·»É³Ýï³é/³ñ·»Éáó í³ÛñÇ ·³½³ÝÝ»ñÇ
ѻﳽáï³Ï³Ý ³ß˳ï³Ýù. ~ centre/insti- ѳٳñ. hold in ~ å³Ñ»ëïáõÙ å³Ñ»É. a ~
tute ѻﳽáï³Ï³Ý Ï»ÝïñáÝ/ÇÝëïÇïáõï. fund å³Ñ»ëï³ÛÇÝ ýáݹ ~ supplies å³ß³ñ-
~ worker/fellow ·Çï³ß˳ïáÕ. ~ assistant Ý»ñ. (í»ñ³å³ÑáõÙ) without ~ ÉÇáíÇÝ, ³Ý-
Ïñïë»ñ ·Çï³ß˳ïáÕ. ~ and development í»ñ³å³Ñáñ»Ý:
(R & D) ѻﳽáïáõÃÛáõÝ ¨ Ùß³ÏáõÙ: reserve [ri΄zə:v] v ËݳۻÉ, ïÝï»ë»É. å³-
research [ri΄sə:t∫] v ѻﳽáï»É, ѻﳽá- ß³ñ å³Ñ»É. í»ñ³å³Ñ»É. ~ for winter ÓÙ»é-
ï³Ï³Ý ³ß˳ï³Ýùáí ½μ³Õí»É. ~ into í³ Ñ³Ù³ñ å³Ñ»É. ~ one’s strength áõÅ»ñÁ
smth ѻﳽáï»É áñ¨¿ μ³Ý: ËݳۻÉ. ~ judgement Ëáõë³÷»É ¹³ïáÕáõ-
reseda [΄residə] n μëμ. ѳ÷ñáõÏ, ѳ÷áõÏ: ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó. ~ the right Çñ³íáõÝù í»ñ³å³-
resemblance [ri΄zembləns] n ÝÙ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. Ñ»É. (å³ïíÇñ»É) ~ a seat ï»Õ å³ïíÇñ»É
bear/show ~ ÝÙ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ, ÝÙ³Ý ÉÇ- (óïñáÝáõÙ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ). ~ a room in a hotel
Ý»É. the ~ between them ÝÙ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ Ýñ³Ýó ÑÛáõñ³ÝáóáõÙ ë»ÝÛ³Ï å³ïíÇñ»É:
ÙÇç¨: reserved [ri΄zə:vd] a ݳ˳å»ë å³ïíÇñ-
resemble [ri΄zembl] v ÝÙ³Ý ÉÇÝ»É, ÝÙ³Ýí»É í³Í. å³Ñ»ëïÇ. å³Ñå³Ýí³Í. ½áõëå. be ~
ÙÇ μ³ÝÇ. She ~s her mother ܳ ÝÙ³Ý ¿ Çñ Ùá- on the subject ѳñóÇ Ï³å³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ùμ ß³ï
ñÁ: ½áõëå/½·áõÛß ÉÇÝ»É. all rights ~ μáÉáñ Çñ³-
resent [ri΄zent] v íñ¹áíí»É, Ñáõ½í»É. íÇñ³- íáõÝùÝ»ñÁ å³Ñå³Ýí³Í »Ý:
íáñí»É, ݻճݳÉ. ½³Ûñ³Ý³É. I ~ the way he reservedly [ri΄zə:vidli] adv ½áõëå Ï»ñåáí,
treats me ìñ¹áíí³Í »Ù Ýñ³ í»ñ³μ»ñÙáõÝ- ½·áõÛß, ½·áõßáñ»Ý:
ùÇó. He ~ed my saying Üñ³Ý íÇñ³íáñ»ó ÇÙ reservoir [΄rezəwa:] n çñ³Ùμ³ñ, ݳíóÙ-
³ë³ÍÁ. He ~s my success ܳ ݳ˳ÝÓáõÙ ¿ μ³ñ. ³Ùμ³ñ, ßï»Ù³ñ³Ý. ³ÕμÛáõñ:
Ç٠ѳçáÕáõÃÛ³ÝÁ: reshuffle [‚ri:΄∫Λfl] n í»ñ³¹³ë³íáñáõÙ. ~
resentful [ri΄zentfl] a ½³Ûñ³ó³Í, Ñáõ½í³Í. of the Cabinet (ݳ˳ñ³ñÝ»ñÇ) ϳμÇÝ»ïÇ
ݻճó³Í, íÇñ³íáñí³Í. a ~ tone ݻճó³Í í»ñ³¹³ë³íáñáõÙ:
ïáÝ. feel ~ íÇñ³íáñí³Í/½³Ûñ³ó³Í reside [ri΄zaid] v ³åñ»É, μݳÏí»É. ·ïÝí»É,
ÉÇÝ»É: ÉÇÝ»É:
resentment [ri΄zentmənt] n ½³ÛñáõÛÃ, residence [΄rezidəns] n μݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ. å³ß-
íñ¹áíÙáõÝù. íÇñ³íáñ³Ýù. a feeling of ~ ïáÝ³Ï³Ý μݳϳí³Ûñ/Ýëï³í³Ûñ. take up
íÇñ³íáñ³ÝùÇ ½·³óáõÙ. harbour ~ (against one’s ~ μݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ Ñ³ëï³ï»É. place
smb) íÇñ³íáñ³ÝùÇ áËÁ å³Ñ»É/ãÙáé³- of ~ μݳϳí³Ûñ. during ~ abroad ³ñï³-
ݳÉ: ë³ÑÙ³ÝáõÙ ³åñ»Éáõ ųٳݳÏ. work and ~
resident 689 resort

permit ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ ¨ μݳÏáõÃÛ³Ý put up/ offer ~ ¹ÇÙ³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ óáõÛó ï³É. ~


ÃáõÛÉïíáõÃÛáõÝ large/official ~ Ù»Í/å³ßïá- to wear ¹ÇÙ³óÏáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ. the line of least ~
Ý³Ï³Ý Ýëï³í³Ûñ. hall of ~ ѳÝñ³Ï³ó³- ³Ù»Ý³÷áùñ ¹ÇÙ³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ×³Ý³å³ñÑÁ.
ñ³Ý: ¿É., ùÕù. ¹ÇÙ³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. the R~ ¸ÇÙ³¹ñáõ-
resident [΄rezidənt] n Ùßï³Ï³Ý μݳÏÇã. ÃÛ³Ý ß³ñÅáõÙ:
alien ~ Ùßï³μÝ³Ï ûï³ñ»ñÏñ³óÇ. a ~ in resistant [ri΄zistənt] a Áݹ¹ÇÙ³óáÕ, ¹ÇÙ³¹-
Leeds ÈǹëÇ μݳÏÇã. ñ³Ï³ÛáõÝ. ¹ÇÙ³óÏáõÝ. ~ to poison Ãáõݳ¹Ç-
resident [΄rezidənt] a ³åñáÕ, μݳÏíáÕ. the Ù³óÏáõÝ. ~ to pressure ×ÝßÙ³Ý ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ
~ population Ùßï³Ï³Ý μݳÏãáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ ¹ÇÙ³óÏáõÝ:
doctor ÑÇí³Ý¹³ÝáóáõÙ ³åñáÕ μÅÇßÏ: resistless [ri΄zistlis] a ¹ÇÙ³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ÝÁÝ-
residential [‚rezi΄den∫l] a μݳϻÉÇ. a ~ area/ ¹áõݳÏ:
district μݳϻÉÇ ßñç³Ý/óճٳë: resolute [΄rezəlu:t] a í×é³Ï³Ý, ÏïñáõÏ. a ~
residual [ri΄zidjuəl] n, a Ùݳóáñ¹, ï³ñ- man/tone í×é³Ï³Ý Ù³ñ¹/ïáÝ. ~ in one’s de-
μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. Ùݳóáñ¹, Ùݳóáñ¹³ÛÇÝ: cision í×é³Ï³Ý ÉÇÝ»É Çñ áñáßÙ³Ý Ù»ç:
residue [΄rezidju:] n Ùݳóáñ¹. ùÇÙ. resolution [‚rezə΄lu:∫n] n í×Çé, áñáßáõÙ, μ³-
Ýëïí³Íù: ݳӨ (ÅáÕáíÇ). í×é³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳëï³-
resign [ri΄zain] v Ññ³Å³ñí»É, Ññ³Å³ñ³Ï³Ý ï³Ï³ÙáõÃÛáõÝ. ÉáõÍáõÙ (ݳ¨ »ñÅß.). make a
ï³É. ~ one’s right Ññ³Å³ñí»É Çñ Çñ³íáõÝ- ~ áñáß»É, áñáßáõ٠ϳ۳óÝ»É. pass/adopt/ take
ùÇó. ~ one’s job ³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ ÃáÕÝ»É. ~ one- a ~ áñáßáõÙ/μ³Ý³Ó¨ ÁݹáõÝ»É. ~ against
self »ÝóñÏí»É, Ñݳ½³Ý¹í»É. ~ to the idea smth í×Çé/áñáßáõÙ áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ ¹»Ù. ~ of
ÙïùÇ Ñ»ï ѳßïí»É. ~ to one’s fate ׳- the conflict ѳϳٳñïáõÃÛ³Ý ÉáõÍáõÙ/
ϳﳷñÇÝ Ñݳ½³Ý¹í»É: ϳñ·³íáñáõÙ. draft ~ μ³Ý³Ó¨Ç ݳ˳-
resignation [‚rezig΄nei∫n] n å³ßïáÝÇó ·ÇÍ:
Ññ³Å³ñ³Ï³Ý ï³ÉÁ, å³ßïáݳÃáÕ ÉÇÝ»- resolution [‚rezə΄lu:∫n] v í×é»É, áñáß»É. be
ÉÁ. ׳ϳﳷñÇÝ Ñݳ½³Ý¹í»ÉÁ, ׳ϳ- ~ed ѳëï³ï í×é»É/áñáß»É. the problem was
ï³·ñÇ Ñ»ï ѳßïí»ÉÁ. hand in ~ å³ß- ~ed ѳñóÁ áñáßí»ó/ÉáõÍí»ó. We ~ed on a trip
ïáݳÃáÕáõÃÛáõÝ Ëݹñ»É: Ø»Ýù áñáß»óÇÝù ׳Ù÷áñ¹»É. It will all
resigned [ri΄zaind] a ËáݳñÑ, Ñݳ½³Ý¹: ~ itself гñóÝ ÇÝùÝ Çñ»Ý ÏÉáõÍíÇ. ~ one’s
resilience, resiliency [ri΄ziliəns, ri΄ziliənsi] doubts ϳëϳÍÝ»ñÁ óñ»É/÷³ñ³ï»É. (μ³-
n ³é³Ó·³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ×ÏáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ: ųݻÉ, ï³ññ³ÉáõÍ»É) ~ into separate ele-
resilient [ri΄ziliənt] a ³é³Ó·³Ï³Ý, ×ÏáõÝ. ments ³é³ÝÓÇÝ Ù³ë»ñÇ μ³Å³Ý»É. The ques-
Ï»Ýëáõñ³Ë, ãÁÝÏ×íáÕ£ tion ~s into 3 parts гñóÁ ïñáÑíáõÙ ¿ »ñ»ù
resin [΄rezin] n Ë»Å, μáõë³Ë»Å: Ù³ëÇ:
resinous [΄rezinəs] a Ë»ÅÇ, ˻ųÝÙ³Ý, resolve [ri΄zɒlv] n áñáßáõÙ, í×Çé. make a ~ to
˻ųé³ï: do smth áñ¨¿ μ³Ý ³Ý»Éáõ áñáßáõÙ ÁݹáõÝ»É.
resist [ri΄zist] v ¹ÇÙ³¹ñ»É, ¹ÇÙ³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ of great ~ ѳٳñÓ³Ï ¨ í×é³Ï³Ý:
óáõÛó ï³É. Áݹ¹ÇٳݳÉ. ~ the enemy/influ- resolved [ri΄zɒlvd] a í×é³Ï³Ý. ϳÛáõÝ,
ence/disease ¹ÇÙ³¹ñ»É ÃßݳÙáõÝ, Áݹ¹ÇÙ³- ѳëï³ï³Ï³Ù:
Ý³É ³½¹»óáõÃÛ³ÝÁ, å³Ûù³ñ»É ÑÇí³Ý¹áõ- resonance [΄reznəns] n ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓáõÙ. é»-
ÃÛ³Ý ¹»Ù. ~ the temptation ¹ÇÙ³¹ñ»É ·³Û- ½áݳÝë:
óÏÕáõÃÛ³ÝÁ. ~ an attack/changes ·ñáÑÇÝ resonant [΄reznənt] a ÑÝãáÕ. ³ñÓ³·³Ýù ³-
¹ÇÙ³¹ñ»É. Áݹ¹ÇÙ³Ý³É ÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝÝ»- é³ç³óÝáÕ. a ~ hall ɳí ÑÝãáÕáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»-
ñÇÝ. He couldn’t ~ laughing â¿ñ ϳñáÕ³ÝáõÙ óáÕ ¹³ÑÉÇ×:
ÍÇͳÕÁ ½ëå»É: resort [ri΄zɔ:t] n ѳ׳˳ÏÇ ³Ûó»ÉíáÕ
resistance [ri΄zistəns] n ¹ÇÙ³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ¹Ç- í³Ûñ. ³éáÕç³ñ³Ý. health ~ ³éáÕç³ñ³Ý,
Ù³¹ñáõÙ. ѳϳ½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ. stubborn/deter- μáõųí³Ûñ. summer ~ ³Ù³é³Ýáó. holiday ~
mined/unexpected ~ ѳٳé/í×é³Ï³Ý/³Ý- ³éáÕç³ñ³Ý. Ïáõñáñï. (¹ÇÙáõÙ, ¹ÇÙ»ÉÁ) ~
ëå³ë»ÉÇ ¹ÇÙ³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. overcome/break the to force áõÅÇ/μéÝáõÃÛ³Ý ·áñͳ¹ñáõÙ. (³-
~ ѳÕóѳñ»É/Ïáïñ»É ¹ÇÙ³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ. å³ëï³Ý, ³å³í»Ý) the last ~ í»ñçÇÝ
resort 690 response

³å³í»Ý/ÑáõÛë. in the last ~ ͳÛñ³Ñ»Õ ³ñï³ùݳå»ë å³ïϳé»ÉÇ. a ~ hotel


¹»åùáõÙ: ϳñ·ÇÝ/ûñÇݳíáñ ÑÛáõñ³Ýáó. a ~
resort [ri΄zɔ:t] v ¹ÇÙ»É, ³å³íÇÝ»É. ~ to society ϳñ·ÇÝ/ûñÇݳíáñ ѳë³ñ³Ïáõ-
smb/smth ¹ÇÙ»É Ù»ÏÇÝ/³å³íÇÝ»É ÙÇ ÃÛáõÝ. a ~ sum å³ïϳé»ÉÇ ·áõÙ³ñ. at a ~
μ³ÝÇ: distance μ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ Ñ»é³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý
resound [ri΄zaund] v ÑÝã»É, Éëí»É. Ãݹ³É, íñ³:
Ñéã³Ï ëï³Ý³É. A shot ~ed Îñ³Ïáó Éëí»ó. ~ respectful [ri΄spektfl] a ѳñ·³ÉÇó, ѳñ·³-
with the echo ³ñÓ³·³ÝùÇó Ãݹ³É: ÉÇó í»ñ³μ»ñÙáõÝù áõÝ»óáÕ. keep at a ~ dis-
resounding [ri΄zaundiŋ] a ÑÝã»Õ. ~ success tance å³ïß³×/ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ/Ñ»é³íáñáõ-
³ÕÙáõÏ Ñ³Ý³Í Ñ³çáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ defeat ÃÛáõÝ å³Ñå³Ý»É. ~ towards elders ѳñ-
μ³ó³ñÓ³Ï å³ñïáõÃÛáõÝ: ·³ÉÇó ٻͻñÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ:
resource [ri΄zɔ:s] n ÙÇçáó. å³ß³ñ. μÝ³Ï³Ý respectfully [ri΄spektfli] adv ѳñ·³Ýùáí. ~
ѳñëïáõÃÛáõÝ. ~s ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ, å³ß³ñÝ»ñ. yours (ݳٳÏáõÙ) ѳñ·³ÝùÝ»ñáí Ó»ñ:
natural/financial ~s μÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ñëïáõÃÛáõÝ- respecting [ri΄spektiŋ] prep Ù³ëÇÝ, í»ñ³-
Ý»ñ. ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ. ~ of men μ»ñÛ³É:
Ù³ñ¹Ï³ÛÇÝ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñ. labour ~s ³ß˳- respective [ri΄spektiv] a ѳٳå³ï³ë˳Ý.
ïáõÅÇ é»ëáõñëÝ»ñ. pool one’s ~s Ç ÙÇ μ»ñ»É our ~ rooms Ù»ñ ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý ë»ÝÛ³Ï-
¹ñ³Ù³Ï³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÁ. great ~s of energy Ý»ñÁ. according to their ~ needs Ûáõñ³ù³Ýã-
¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ Ù»Í ³ÕμÛáõñ. be left to one’s own ÛáõñÇ Ï³ñÇùÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ë˳Ý:
~s Çñ ÑáõÛëÇÝ ÃáÕÝí³Í ÉÇÝ»É: respectively [ri΄spektivli] adv ѳٳå³-
resourceful [ri΄zɔ:sfl] a ׳ñåÇÏ, Ñݳñ³- ï³ë˳ݳμ³ñ, Ýßí³Í ϳñ·áí. first and
ÙÇï, ˻ɳÙÇï: second places ~ ³é³çÇÝ ¨ »ñÏñáñ¹ ï»Õ»ñÁ
respect [ri΄spekt] n ѳñ·³Ýù, å³ïÇí. ѳٳå³ï³ë˳ݳμ³ñ:
deep/profound/sincere/merited/mutual ~ Ëá- respiration [‚respə΄rei∫n] n ßÝã³éáõÃÛáõÝ,
ñÁ/³ÝÏ»ÕÍ/³ñųÝÇ, í³ëï³Ï³Í/÷á˳- ßáõÝã:
¹³ñÓ Ñ³ñ·³Ýù. out of ~ for ѳñ·³ÝùÇó respirator [΄respəreitə] n ѳϳ·³½:
¹ñ¹í³Í. command ~ ѳñ·³Ýù í³Û»É»É. with respiratory [ri΄spirətəri] a ßÝã³é³Ï³Ý,
due ~ å³ïß³× Ñ³ñ·³Ýùáí. with all ~ ³Ù»- ßÝã³éáõÃÛ³Ý:
ݳÛÝ Ñ³ñ·³Ýùáí. win smb’s ~ ѳñ·³Ýù respire [ri΄spaiə] v ßÝã»É, ßáõÝã ù³ß»É/³éÝ»É:
߳ѻÉ/Ó»éù μ»ñ»É. pay one’s ~s ѳñ·³Ýù/ respite [΄respait] n ϳñ×³ï» ¹³¹³ñ. Çñ³í.
ٻͳñ³Ýù óáõÛó ï³É. ³Ûó»É»É, ³Ûó»Éáõ- Ñ»ï³Ó·áõÙ/ٳѳå³ïÅÇ/without ~ ³é³Ýó
ÃÛáõÝ Ï³ï³ñ»É. give my ~s áÕçáõÛÝÝ»ñë ¹³¹³ñÇ, ³ÝÁݹѳï. no ~ from the heat áã
ѳÕáñ¹»ù. (³éÝãáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳñ³μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ) ÙÇ ÷ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ ßá·Çó:
in every ~ μáÉáñ ï»ë³Ï»ïÝ»ñÇó. in this ~ resplendence [ri΄splendəns] n ßù»ÕáõÃÛáõÝ,
³Ûë ï»ë³Ï»ïÇó. in other ~s Ùݳó³ÍáõÙ, ÷³ÛÉ:
³ÛÉ ï»ë³Ï»ïÝ»ñÇó. in all ~s μáÉáñ ÏáÕÙ»- resplendent [ri΄splendənt] a ÷³ÛÉáõÝ, ßù»Õ,
ñÇó/ï»ë³Ï»ïÝ»ñÇó. in no ~ áã ÙÇ ¹»åùáõÙ. Ñá۳ϳå:
áã ÙÇ ï»ë³Ï»ïÇó. in ~ of, with ~ to ÇÝã í»- respond [ri΄spɒnd] v å³ï³ë˳ݻÉ. ѳ-
ñ³μ»ñáõÙ ¿, ÝϳïÇ ³éÝ»Éáí. without ~ to ϳ½¹»É. ³ñÓ³·³Ýù»É. ~ to an appeal/sug-
³é³Ýó ѳßíÇ ³éÝ»Éáõ: gestion ÏáãÇÝ/³é³ç³ñÏÇÝ ³ñÓ³·³Ýù»É. ~
respect [ri΄spekt] v ѳñ·»É, ٻͳñ»É. ~ with a laugh Ç å³ï³ëË³Ý ÍÇͳջÉ. ~ to
smb’s feelings/rights Ù»ÏÇ ½·³óÙáõÝùÝ»ñÁ/ treatment μáõÅÙ³ÝÁ »ÝóñÏí»É (μáõÅáõÙÁ
Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÁ ѳñ·»É. ~ one’s wishes ѳß- û·ÝáõÙ ¿). Plants ~ to the light ´áõÛë»ñÝ
íÇ Ýëï»É Ù»ÏÇ ó³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï: ³ñÓ³·³ÝùáõÙ »Ý ÉáõÛëÇÝ. The brakes don’t ~
respectability [ri‚spektə΄biləti] n å³ïϳ- ²ñ·»É³ÏÝ»ñÁ ã»Ý Ñݳ½³Ý¹íáõÙ/ã»Ý ³ß-
é»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ÏݳͻÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ: ˳ïáõÙ:
respectable [ri΄spektəbl] a ѳñ·³ñųÝ, respondent [ri΄spɒndənt] n å³ï³ë˳-
å³ïϳé»ÉÇ. ½·³ÉÇ, μ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷. ³½- ÝáÕ:
ÝÇí. ~ motives ³½ÝÇí ÙÕáõÙÝ»ñ. outwardly ~ response [ri΄spɒns] n å³ï³ë˳Ý, ѳϳ½-
responsibility 691 restrict

¹áõÙ. in ~ to Ç å³ï³ë˳Ý. his only ~ Ýñ³ ѳݷëï³óÝáõÙ ¿ ³ãù»ñë. May he ~ in peace


ÙÇ³Ï å³ï³ë˳ÝÁ. hope for a bigger ~ гݷÇëï Ýñ³ ³×ÛáõÝÇÝ. (ѻݻÉ, Ñ»Ýí»É) ~
³í»ÉÇ É³ÛÝ ³ñÓ³·³Ýù ³ÏÝϳɻÉ: one’s elbows on the table ë»Õ³ÝÇÝ Ñ»Ý-
responsibility [ri‚spɒnsə΄biləti] n å³ï³ë- í»É/ÏéÃÝ»É. The case ~s on facts ¶áñÍÇ ÑÇÙ-
˳ݳïíáõÃÛáõÝ, å³ñï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. on ùáõÙ ÷³ëï»ñ ϳÝ/Ñ»ÝíáõÙ ¿ ÷³ëï»ñÇ
one’s own ~ ë»÷³Ï³Ý å³ï³ë˳ݳïíáõ- íñ³. ~ one’s eyes on ѳ۳óùÁ 먻é»É.
ÃÛ³Ùμ. shared ~ ѳٳï»Õ å³ï³ë˳- (ÙݳÉ) ~ assured ѳÙá½í³Í ÉÇÝ»É/ÙݳÉ. Let
ݳïíáõÃÛáõÝ. accept/take ~ å³ï³ë˳- the matter ~ there ÂáÕ ·áñÍÝ ³Û¹å»ë ¿É Ùݳ.
ݳïíáõÃÛáõÝ í»ñóÝ»É/ëï³ÝÓÝ»É. assume ~ responsibility ~s with him ä³ï³ë˳ݳ-
for å³ï³ë˳ݳïíáõÃÛáõÝ ëï³ÝÓÝ»É. ïíáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ýñ³ íñ³ ¿ ÁÝÏÝáõÙ. It ~s with
bring to ~ å³ï³ë˳ݳïíáõÃÛ³Ý »Ý- you to decide Ò»½ ¿ ÙÝáõÙ áñáß»Éáõ:
óñÏ»É. sense of ~ å³ñïùÇ/å³ï³ë˳- restaurant [΄restərɒnt] n é»ëïáñ³Ý, ׳-
ݳïíáõÃÛ³Ý ½·³óáõÙ. no sense of ~ ß³ñ³Ý. ~ car í³·áÝ-é»ëïáñ³Ý:
å³ï³ë˳ݳïíáõÃÛ³Ý μ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ. restful [΄restfl] a ѳݷëï³óáõóÇã. a ~ com-
That’s not my ~ ¸³ ÇÙ å³ñï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ panion ѳݷÇëï ÁÝÏ»ñ³ÏÇó/·áñÍÁÝÏ»ñ:
ã¿. It is my ~ to decide ²Û¹ áñáßÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ restitution [‚resti΄tju:∫n] n í»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝáõÙ.
»ë »Ù å³ï³ë˳ݳïáõ. She is your ~ ¸áõ /Ïáñ³ÍÇ/í»ñ³¹³ñÓ. ѳïáõóáõÙ, ÷áËѳ-
Ýñ³ ѳٳñ å³ï³ë˳ݳïáõ »ë: ïáõóáõÙ. make ~ ÷áËѳïáõó»É (íݳëÁ). ~
responsible [ri΄spɒnsəbl] a å³ï³ë˳ݳ- in kind μݳÙûñùáí ÷áËѳïáõóáõÙ. ~ or-
ïáõ. a ~ post/task/worker å³ï³ë˳ݳïáõ der ÷áËѳïáõóÙ³Ý Ï³ñ·³¹ñ³·Çñ:
å³ßïáÝ/ѳÝÓݳñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ/³ß˳ïáÕ. restive [΄restiv] a ³ÝѳݷÇëï. get ~ ³Ý-
hold smn ~ å³ï³ë˳ݳïáõ ѳٳñ»É. not ѳݷëï³Ý³É, Ñáõ½í»É:
~ for one’s actions Çñ ³ñ³ñùÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ restless [΄restləs] a ³ÝѳݷÇëï, ³Ý¹³¹³ñ,
å³ï³ëË³Ý ãï³É. ~ party å³ï³ë˳- ³ÝËáÝç. ³ÝѳÙμ»ñ. a ~ child ³ÝѳݷÇëï/
ݳïáõ ÏáÕÙ/³ÝÓÇÝù. Those ~ will be pun- ³Ý¹³¹ñáõÙ »ñ»Ë³. a ~ night ³ÝѳݷÇëï
ished ä³ï³ë˳ݳïáõÝ»ñÁ/ػճíáñ- ·Çß»ñ. get ~ ³ÝѳÙμ»ñ ¹³éݳÉ:
Ý»ñÁ Ïå³ïÅí»Ý: restoration [‚restə΄rei∫n] n í»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝáõÙ,
responsive [ri΄spɒnsiv] a ½·³ÛáõÝ, ϳñ»- í»ñ³Ï³éáõóáõÙ. í»ñ³Ýáñá·áõÙ:
ÏÇó, ³ñÓ³·³ÝùáÕ. a ~ audience ½·³ÛáõÝ/ restore [ri΄stɔ:] v í»ñ³Ï³Ý·Ý»É, í»ñ³Ñ³ë-
³ñÓ³·³ÝùáÕ Ñ³Ý¹Çë³ï»ë. ~ to care ï³ï»É, í»ñ³Ï³éáõó»É. ~ order/peace/smb’s
ËݳÙùÇÝ ³ñÓ³·³ÝùáÕ: sight/health ϳñ· áõ ϳÝáÝ/˳ճÕáõÃÛáõÝ
rest I [rest] n ѳݷÇëï, ³Ý¹áññ, ùáõÝ. Ý»- í»ñ³Ñ³ëï³ï»É. ï»ëáÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ/³éáÕçáõ-
óáõÏ, ѻݳñ³Ý. »ñÅß. ¹³¹³ñ, ÁݹÙÇçáõÙ. ÃÛáõÝÁ í»ñ³Ï³Ý·Ý»É. The painting was ~d to
long/ complete/deserved ~ »ñϳñ/ϳï³ñ- its previous position ÜϳñÁ í»ñ³¹³ñÓí»ó Çñ
Û³É/³ñųÝÇ Ñ³Ý·Çëï. take/have a ~ ݳËÏÇÝ ï»ÕÁ:
ѳݷëï³Ý³É. never have a moment’s ~ ÙÇ restorer [ri΄stɔ:rə] n í»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝÇã. í»ñ³-
í³ÛñÏÛ³Ý Ñ³Ý·Çëï ãáõݻݳÉ. set at ~ ϳݷÝáÕ:
ѳݷëï³óÝ»É. have a good night’s ~ ·Çß»ñÁ restrain [ri΄strein] v ½ëå»É, å³Ñ»É. ë³ÝÓ»É.
ɳí ùÝ»É. ~ cure ³ÝÏáÕݳÛÇÝ é»ÅÇÙ. come ÃáõÛÉ ãï³É. ~ one’s anger ½³ÛñáõÛÃÁ ½ëå»É.
to ~ ϳݷ ³éÝ»É. bring to ~ ϳݷݻóÝ»É: ~ smn from Ù»ÏÇÝ Ñ»ï å³Ñ»É/ÃáõÛÉ ãï³É
rest II [rest] n Ùݳóáñ¹. Ùݳó³ÍÁ. Ùݳó³Í- barely ~ oneself from Çñ»Ý ѳ½Çí ½ëå»É:
Ý»ñÁ. all the ~ Ùݳó³Í μáÉáñÁ, μáÉáñ ÙÛáõë- restrained [ri΄streind] a ½áõëå. ë³Ñ-
Ý»ñÁ. the ~ of it Ùݳó³ÍÁ. the ~ of the boys ٳݳ÷³Ïí³Í:
ÙÛáõë ïճݻñÁ. the ~ of the story/day/way restraint [ri΄streint] n ½ëåí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ,
å³ïÙí³ÍùÇ/׳ݳå³ñÑÇ/ûñí³ Ùݳó³Í ÇÝùݳÙ÷á÷áõÃÛáõÝ. ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáõÙ.
Ù³ëÁ: with ~ ½áõëå. without ~ ³Ýϳßϳݹ, ³-
rest [rest] v ѳݷëï³Ý³É, ѳݷÇëï ³éÝ»É ½³ï. impose ~s ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñ ¹Ý»É.
/ï³É. ~ one’s horses ÓÇ»ñÇÝ Ñ³Ý·Çëï ï³É. (Ó»ñμ³Ï³ÉáõÙ, ³½³ï³½ñÏáõÙ) put under ~
These glasses ~ my eyes ²Ûë ³ÏÝáóÁ ϳɳÝùÇ ï³Ï ³éÝ»É. ~ measure ë³ÑÙ³-
restriction 692 retina

ݳ÷³ÏÙ³Ý ÙÇçáó: ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳñáõÃÛáõÝ ³éÝ»ÉÁ:


restrict [ri΄strikt] v ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï»É. ~ by resuscitate [ri΄sΛsiteit] v μÅßÏ.áõßùÇ μ»ñ»É,
law ûñ»Ýùáí ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï»É. a ~ed area í»ñ³Ï»Ý¹³Ý³óÝ»É:
é½Ù. ³ñ·»É³·áïÇ. ~ the view ï»ë³¹³ßïÁ retail [΄ri:teil]1. n ѳï³í³×³é. Ù³Ýñ³-
÷³Ï»É. ~ oneself Çñ»Ý ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï»É. ~ Í³Ë ³é¨ïáõñ. by ~ ѳï³í³×³é, ѳïáí
the access ÙáõïùÁ ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï»É: ͳËíáÕ. ~ price/trade Ù³Ýñ³Í³Ë ·ÇÝ/³é¨-
restriction [ri΄strik∫n] n ë³Ñٳݳ÷³- ïáõñ. 2. adv ѳïáí, Ù³Ýñ³Í³Ë:
ÏáõÙ: retailer [΄ri:teilə] n Ù³Ýñ³í³×³é. ß³ï³-
restrictive [ri΄striktiv] a ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáÕ, Ëáë, ß³Õ³Ïñ³ï. ¹³ï³ñϳËáë:
½ëåáÕ. ³ñ·»É³ÏáÕ, ϳßϳݹáÕ. ~ trade retain [ri΄tein] v å³Ñ»É, å³Ñå³Ý»É. (÷³ë-
practice Çñ³í. ³é¨ïñ³ÛÇÝ Ùñó³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ï³μ³Ý) í³ñÓ»É. ~ the old name ÑÇÝ ³ÝáõÝÁ
ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáõÙ: å³Ñå³Ý»É. A sponge ~s water êåáõÝ·Á çáõñ
result [ri΄zΛlt] n ³ñ¹ÛáõÝù, ѻ勉Ýù. í³Ë- ¿ å³Ñå³ÝáõÙ:
׳Ý. possible/unforeseen ~ Ñݳñ³íáñ/ãݳ- retainer [ri΄teinə] n Çñ³í. ݳËÝ³Ï³Ý Ñá-
˳ï»ëí³Í ³ñ¹ÛáõÝù. achieve good ~s Ýáñ³ñ (ݳ¨ ~ fee). (ϳÝ˳í׳ñ. ) pay ~ for
É³í ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÇ Ñ³ëÝ»É. as a ~ áñå»ë ³ñ¹- the room ë»ÝÛ³ÏÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ϳÝ˳í׳ñ
ÛáõÝù. without ~ ³Ý³ñ¹ÛáõÝù. the net ~ í»ñ- ï³É:
çÇÝ Ñ³ßíáí. get/receive ~s ³ñ¹ÛáõÝù ëï³- retaliate [ri΄tælieit] v ÷áËѳïáõó»É, ÝáõÛ-
ݳÉ: Ýáí ѳïáõó»É. threaten to ~ ëå³éÝ³É íñ»ÅÁ
result [ri΄zΛlt] v (áñå»ë ³ñ¹ÛáõÝù) ͳ·»É, ÉáõÍ»É:
ëÏÇ½μ ³éÝ»É, ³é³ç³Ý³É. μË»É. í»ñç³- retaliation [ri‚tæli΄ei∫n] n ÷áËѳïáõóáõÙ,
ݳÉ. ~ in ÙÇ μ³Ýáí ³í³ñïí»É. ~ in complete ÷áËíñ»Å. íñ»Å. in ~ for Ç å³ï³ë˳Ý,
failure Édzϳï³ñ Ó³ËáÕÙ³Ùμ ³í³ñï- áñå»ë ÷áËѳïáõóáõÙ. for fear of ~ íñÇ-
í»É. Nothing ~ed from his efforts Üñ³ ųéáõÃÛ³Ý í³ËÇó:
ç³Ýù»ñÁ áã ÙÇ ³r¹ÛáõÝù ãïíÇÝ. The game retaliatory [ri΄tæliətəri] a ѳÏÁݹ¹»Ù, Ç
~ed in a draw Ùñ½. ʳÕÁ í»ñç³ó³í áã-áùÇ å³ï³ë˳Ý, ÷á˳¹³ñÓ:
ѳßíáí: retard [ri΄ta:d] v ¹³Ý¹³Õ»óÝ»É. áõß³ó-
resume [΄rezjumei] n ѳÝñ³·áõÙ³ñ. ³Ù÷á- Ý»É:
÷áõÙ. ÇÝùݳϻÝë³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ. give a ~ retarded [ri΄ta:did] a Ñ»ï³Ùݳó, ûñ½³ñ-
³Ù÷á÷»É, ѳÝñ³·áõÙ³ñÇ μ»ñ»É: ·³ó³Í. (mentally) ~ child Ùï³íáñ ûñ½³ñ-
resume [ri΄zju:m] v í»ñëÏë»É. ß³ñáõÝ³Ï»É ·³ó³Í »ñ»Ë³:
(ÁݹѳïáõÙÇó Ñ»ïá). ~ the story å³ïÙáõ- retell [‚ri:΄tel] v í»ñ³å³ïÙ»É, ÝáñÇó å³ï-
ÃÛáõÝÁ ß³ñáõݳϻÉ. ~ studies/discussion/at- Ù»É:
tempts å³ñ³åÙáõÝùÝ»ñÁ/ùÝݳñÏáõÙÁ/ retention [ri΄ten∫n] n å³ÑáõÙ, å³Ñå³ÝáõÙ.
÷áñÓ»ñÁ í»ñëÏë»É. Classes have ~d ¸³ë»ñÁ ³ñ·»É³ÏáõÙ:
í»ñëÏëí»óÇÝ. ~ one’s seat ÝáñÇó Ýëï»É/Çñ retentive [ri΄tentiv] a å³ÑáÕ, å³Ñå³ÝáÕ.
ï»ÕÁ ·ñ³í»É: ɳí, ëáõñ (ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝ):
resumption [ri΄zΛmp∫n] n í»ñëÏëáõÙ, rethink [‚ri:΄θiŋk] v í»ñ³Ý³Û»É. ~ one’s pol-
ß³ñáõݳÏáõÙ, ß³ñáõݳϻÉÁ. í»ñ³¹³ñÓ, icy í³ñ³Í ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ í»ñ³Ý³-
í»ñ³¹³éݳÉÁ: ۻɣ
resurgent [ri΄sə:dзənt] a í»ñ³ÍÝíáÕ, í»ñ³- reticense [΄retisəns] n ½ëåí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ.
ϻݹ³Ý³óáÕ. ѳñáõÃÛáõÝ ³éÝáÕ: ·³Õïݳå³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ. ë³Ï³í³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝ:
resurrect [‚rezə΄rekt] v í»ñ³Ï³Ý·Ý»É. í»- reticent [΄retisənt] a ½áõëå, ½ëåí³Í.
ñ³Ï»Ý¹³Ý³óÝ»É. í»ñ³Ï»Ý¹³Ý³Ý³É, ѳ- ͳÍϳÙÇï. Éé³ÏÛ³ó. naturally ~ ¿áõÃÛ³Ùμ
ñáõÃÛáõÝ ³éÝ»É. We have ~ed my old bike ½áõëå/ͳÍϳÙÇï:
÷Ëμ., ËëÏó. ÈáõÛë ³ß˳ñÑ Ñ³Ý»óÇÝù ÇÙ reticulate [ri΄tikjulət] a ó³Ýó³Ó¨, ó³Ýó³-
ÑÇÝ Ñ»Í³ÝÇíÁ: ÝÙ³Ý:
resurrection [‚rezə΄rek∫n] n í»ñ³Ï»Ý¹³- reticule [΄retikju:l] n ϳݳóÇ ÷áùñÇÏ å³-
ݳóáõÙ, í»ñ³Ï³Ý·ÝáõÙ. the R~ »Ï»Õ. г- Ûáõë³Ï:
retinue 693 returner/reciever

retina [΄retinə] n ϽÙË. (³ãùÇ) ó³Ýó³Ã³- retribution [‚retri΄bju:∫n] n ³ñųÝÇ å³-


Õ³ÝÃ: ïÇÅ. ѳïáõóáõÙ:
retinue [΄retinju:] n ßù³ËáõÙμ: retributive [ri΄tribjutiv] a å³ïÅÇã, ѳïáõ-
retire [ri΄taiə] v ·Ý³É, Ñ»é³Ý³É. å³ßïá- óáÕ:
ݳÃáÕ ÉÇÝ»É. Ùñ½. ˳ÕÇó ¹áõñë ·³É. é½Ù. retrievable [ri΄tri:vəbl] a í»ñ³Ï³Ý·Ý»ÉÇ,
ݳѳÝç»É, Ñ»ï ù³ßí»É. ~ into oneself áõÕÕ»ÉÇ, ¹³ñٳݻÉÇ:
ÇÝùݳÙ÷á÷í»É. ~ for the night å³éÏ»É retrieve [ri΄tri:v] v ·ïÝ»É (Ïáñ³ÍÁ). í»ñ³-
ùÝ»Éáõ. ~ to one’s room Çñ ë»ÝÛ³ÏáõÙ ¹³ñÓÝ»É (Çñ»ÝÁ). ~ a mistake ë˳ÉÝ áõÕÕ»É.
³é³ÝÓݳݳÉ: ~ a situation Çñ³íÇ׳ÏÁ ÷ñÏ»É. He has ~d his
retired [ri΄taiəd] a å³ßïáݳÃáÕ. be ~ suit-case ܳ í»ñ³¹³ñÓñ»ó Çñ ׳ÙåñáõÏÁ.
å³ßïáݳÃáÕ ÉÇÝ»É: ~ papers from the burning house ³ÛñíáÕ ïÝÇó
retirement [ri΄taiəmənt] n å³ßïáݳÃáÕáõ- ÃÕûñÁ ¹áõñë μ»ñ»É:
ÃÛáõÝ, å³ßïáݳÃáÕ ÉÇÝ»ÉÁ. ³é³ÝÓݳ- retroaction [‚retrəu΄æk∫n] n ѻﳹ³ñÓ
óáõÙ, Ù»Ïáõë³óáõÙ. é½Ù. ݳѳÝç. ~ age ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. é³¹. ѻﳹ³ñÓ Ï³å:
Ï»Ýë³Ãáß³ÏÇ ï³ñÇù: retrograde [΄retrəugreid] a ѻﳹÇٳϳÝ,
retiring [ri΄taiəriŋ] a ½áõëå, å³ñÏ»ßï. 黳ÏóÇáÝ. é½Ù. ݳѳÝçÇ, ݳѳÝçáÕ³-
ÇÝùݳÙ÷á÷, ÇÝùݳå³ñ÷³Ï. ~-room ϳÝ:
½áõ·³ñ³Ý: retrospect [΄retrəuspekt] n ѻﳹ³ñÓ Ñ³-
retort I [ri΄tɔ:t] 1. n ѳϳ׳éáõÃÛáõÝ, Û³óù. in ~ ѻﳹ³ñÓ Ñ³Û³óùáí:
³é³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ. 2. v ѳϳ׳é»É, ³é³ñÏ»É. retrospective [‚retrəu΄spektiv] a Ñ»ï³Ñ³-
Áݹ¹ÇÙ³Ëáë»É. ÝáõÛÝáí å³ï³ë˳ݻɣ Û³ó, ³ÝóÛ³ÉÇÝ í»ñ³μ»ñáÕ. Çñ³í. Ñ»ï³-
retort II [ri΄tɔ:t] 1. n ùÇÙ. Ãáñ³ÝáÃ. 2. v ¹³ñÓ áõÅ áõÝ»óáÕ. ~ wisdom Ñ»ï³Ñ³Û³ó
Ãáñ»É, ½ï»É: ÇÙ³ëïáõÃÛáõÝ:
retouch [΄ri:tΛt∫] n é»ïáõßáõÙ, é»ïáõß ³- return [ri΄tə:n] n í»ñ³¹³ñÓ, ÷áËѳïáõ-
Ý»ÉÁ. áõÕÕ»É/ßïÏ»É (ÝϳñÁ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ): óáõÙ, å³ï³ë˳Ý. unexpected ~ ³Ýëå³-
retrace [ri΄treis] v ѻﳽáï»É (ÙÇÝ㨠ë»ÉÇ í»ñ³¹³ñÓ. on my ~ í»ñ³¹³éݳÉáõë
ëϽμݳÕμÛáõñÁ). ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç í»ñ³- å»ë. in ~ for Ç å³ï³ë˳Ý, ÷á˳ñ»ÝÁ. by
ϳݷݻÉ. ~ one’s steps ÝáõÛÝ ×³Ý³å³ñÑáí ~ post ѻﳹ³ñÓ ÷áëïáí. ~ of service (û-
ÝÇë) ·Ý¹³ÏÇ Ù³ïáõóÙ³Ý ÁݹáõÝáõÙ. ~
í»ñ³¹³éݳÉ:
ticket/address/visit ѻﳹ³ñÓ ïáÙë/ѳëó»,
retract [ri΄trækt] v Ý»ñë/Ñ»ï ù³ß»É. Ñ»ï
å³ï³ëË³Ý ³Ûó»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ. on the ~ journey
í»ñóÝ»É. ã»ÕÛ³É Ñ³Ûï³ñ³ñ»É. áõñ³Ý³É.
í»ñ³¹³ñÓÇ ×³Ý³å³ñÑÇÝ. Many happy ~s
~ a promise ËáëïáõÙÇó Ññ³Å³ñí»É:
ÌÝáõݹ¹ ßÝáñѳíáñ. (ß³Ñ, ß³ÑáõÛÃ, »Ï³-
retraining [‚ri:΄treiniŋ] n í»ñ³å³ïñ³ë-
Ùáõï) ~ on capital ϳåÇï³ÉÇ »Ï³ÙáõïÁ.
ïáõÙ. professional ~ Ù³ëݳ·Çï³Ï³Ý í»-
bring in a good ~ É³í »Ï³Ùáõï μ»ñ»É. the ~
ñ³å³ïñ³ëïáõÙ:
on the shares ³ñÅ»ÃÕûñÇ »Ï³ÙáõïÁ. get a
retreat [ri΄tri:t] n ݳѳÝç. ³å³ëï³Ý. beat quick ~ ³ñ³· ß³ÑáõÛà μ»ñ»É/ëï³Ý³É. rate
a ~ ݳѳÝçÇ ³½¹³Ýß³Ý ï³É. go into ~
of ~ ß³Ñáõó¹ñáõÛù:
·áñÍ»ñÁ ÃáÕÝ»É, ·áñÍ»ñÇó Ñ»é³Ý³É:
return [ri΄tə:n] v í»ñ³¹³ñÓÝ»É. Ñ»ï
retreat [ri΄tri:t] v ݳѳÝç»É, Ù»Ïáõë³Ý³É, í׳ñ»É. ѳïáõó»É. ~ one’s kindness Ù»ÏÇ
³é³ÝÓݳݳÉ. ~ a step ÙÇ ù³ÛÉ Ñ»ï ·Ý³É. ~
μ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÷áËѳïáõó»É. ~ smb’s love
to one’s room Çñ ë»ÝÛ³ÏÁ ·Ý³É, Çñ ë»ÝÛ³-
÷á˳¹³ñÓ ëÇñ»É. ~ like for like ÝáõÛÝ
ÏáõÙ ³é³ÝÓݳݳÉ: ¹ñ³Ùáí ѳïáõó»É. ÷á˳¹³ñÓÁ ѳ-
retrench [ri΄trent∫] v (ͳËë»ñÁ) Ïñ׳ï»É, ïáõó»É. ~ a verdict of guilty Çñ³í. Ù»Õ³íáñ
å³Ï³ë»óÝ»É, ïÝï»ë»É: ׳ݳã»É. (í»ñ³¹³éݳÉ) ~ home ïáõÝ í»-
retrenchment [ri΄trent∫mənt] n ͳËë»ñÇ ñ³¹³éݳÉ. ~ to one’s work ÝáñÇó Çñ ·áñÍÇÝ
Ïñ׳ïáõÙ: í»ñ³¹³éݳÉ. ~ Ùñ½. ëϽμݳѳñí³ÍÁ
retrial [‚ri:΄traiəl] n Çñ³í. ¹³ï³Ï³Ý ·áñ- ÁݹáõÝ»É:
Í»ñÇ í»ñ³ùÝÝáõÙ: returnee [‚ritə:΄ni:] n ½áñ³óñí³Í, ïáõÝ
reunion 694 revert

í»ñ³¹³ñÓáÕ: ³ñï³óáÉ(í)»É. The sound ~d Ò³ÛÝÝ ³ñ-


returner/reciever [ri΄tə:nə/ri΄si:və] n Ùñ½. Ó³·³Ýù ³é³ç³óñ»ó:
·Ý¹³ÏÝ ÁݹáõÝáÕ, ˳ճóáÕ: reverberation [ri‚və:bə΄rei∫n] n ³ñÓ³·³Ý-
reunion [‚ri:΄ju:niən] n í»ñ³ÙdzíáñáõÙ. ùáõÙ, ³ñï³óáÉáõÙ:
ÁݹѳÝáõñ ѳݹÇåáõÙ. a family ~ ³ÙμáÕç revere [ri΄viə] v ѳñ·»É, ٻͳñ»É, Ëáñ³-
ÁÝï³ÝÇùáí Ùdzï»Õ ѳí³ùí»É. an annual å»ë ³ÏݳͻÉ:
college ~ ùáÉ»çÇ ßñç³Ý³í³ñïÝ»ñÇ ï³ñ»- reverence [΄revrəns] n ѳñ·³Ýù, ٻͳ-
Ï³Ý Ñ³Ý¹ÇåáõÙ. a touching ~ Ñáõ½Çã ѳÝ- ñ³Ýù, ³ÏݳͳÝù:
¹ÇåáõÙ: reverend [΄revrənd] a ѳñ·»ÉÇ, å³ïí³ñ-
reunite [‚ri:ju΄nait] v í»ñ³Ùdzíáñ»É, í»ñ³- ųÝ. ÏñáÝ. ëáõñμ, å³ïí³ñųÝ:
ÙdzݳÉ. Ùdzï»Õ ѳí³ùí»É, ѳݹÇå»É. reverent [΄revrənt] a ѳñ·³ÉÇó, ³Ïݳͳ-
The family were ~d ÀÝï³ÝÇùÁ í»ñ³Ùdz- ÉÇó, ³ÏݳͳÝùáí ÉÇ:
íáñí»ó: reverie [΄revəri] n »ñ³½³Ýù, ³Ýáõñç, óÝáñù.
rev [rev] 1. n ËëÏó. åïáõÛï. 2. v åïáõÛï lost in ~ »ñ³½Ý»ñÇ Ù»ç óÕí³Í:
·³É, åïïí»É. ~ up åïáõÛïÝ»ñÇ ÃÇíÁ/ reversal [ri΄və:sl] n ÷áËáõÙ, ï»Õ³÷áËáõÙ
³ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝÁ ³í»É³óÝ»É: (ѳϳé³Ï ϳñ·áí):
revamp [ri:΄væmp] v ϳñϳï»É, Ýáñá·»É, reverse [ri΄və:s] n ѳϳé³ÏÁ, Édzϳï³ñ
í»ñ³Ýáñá·»É: ѳϳ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ѳϳé³Ï ÏáÕÙ. the ~ of
reveal [ri΄vi:l] v μ³ó»É, μ³ó³Ñ³Ûï»É. Ù»ñ- the medal ÷Ëμ. Ù»¹³ÉÇ Ñ³Ï³é³Ï ÏáÕÙÁ.
ϳóÝ»É. óáõÛó ï³É. ~ a secret ·³ÕïÝÇùÁ quite the ~ ÉñÇí ѳϳé³ÏÁ. It turned out just
μ³ó³Ñ³Ûï»É. The truth was ~ed ÖßÙ³ñ- the ~ ÈñÇí ѳϳé³ÏÁ ¹áõñë »Ï³í. The ~ is
ïáõÃÛáõÝÁ μ³ó³Ñ³Ûïí»ó/ѳÛïݳμ»ñí»ó. true ÖßÙ³ñÇïÁ/ÖÇßïÁ ѳϳé³ÏÝ ¿. put the
~ offences Çñ³í. Çñ³í³Ë³ËïáõÙÝ»ñÁ μ³- car into ~ (³íïáÙ»ù»Ý³Ý) Ñ»ï³ß³ñÅ
ó³Ñ³Ûï»É. The discussion ~d øÝݳñÏáõÙÇó ÙdzóÝ»É The forces suffered (have/sustain) a ~
å³ñ½í»ó. ¼áñùÁ å³ñïáõÃÛáõÝ Ïñ»ó. (ѳϳ¹³ñÓ
reveille [ri΄væli] n é½Ù. ³ñÃݳóÙ³Ý ³½¹³- ß³ñÅáõÙ) in ~, on the ~ Ñ»ïÁÝóó ß³ñ-
Ýß³Ý, ó³Û·³Ýí³·: ÅáõÙáí:
revel [΄revl] n 1. ûè ËÝçáõÛù, ³ÕÙÏáï áõ- reverse [ri΄və:s] a ѳϳé³Ï, ѳϳ¹Çñ. on
the ~ side ѳϳé³Ï ÏáÕÙáõÙ. in the ~ direc-
ñ³ËáõÃÛáõÝ. 2. v ½í³ñ׳ݳÉ, áõñ³Ë³-
tion ѳϳé³Ï áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ. a ~ turn ѳϳ-
ݳÉ, í³Û»É»É:
é³Ï ßñç³¹³ñÓ. ~ gear (³íïá) Ñ»ïÁÝóóÇ
revelation [‚revə΄lei∫n] n μ³ó³Ñ³ÛïáõÙ,
ÙdzóáõÙ£
ѳÛïݳμ»ñáõÙ. ѳÛïÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
revelry [΄revlri] n ³Ý½áõëå áõñ³ËáõÃÛáõÝ, reverse [ri΄və:s] v ßñç»É, ßáõé ï³É, áõÕÕáõ-
ÃÛáõÝÁ ÷áË»É. ~ one’s decision áñáßáõÙÁ
Ëñ³Ë׳Ýù:
ã»ÕÛ³É Ñ³Ù³ñ»É. ~ down the road Ñ»ïÁÝóó
revenge [ri΄vendз] n íñ»Å, íñÇųéáõÃÛáõÝ. ·Ý³É. ~ a judgement ¹³ï³í×ÇéÁ ã»ÕÛ³É Ñ³-
Ùñ½., é½Ù. ÷áËíñ»Å, ÷áËѳïáõóáõÙ. é»-
Ù³ñ»É:
í³Ýß. in ~ for Ç Ñ³ïáõóáõÙÝ, áñå»ë íñ»Å.
reversible [ri΄və:səbl] a ßñç»ÉÇ, ѳϳ¹³ñ-
~ an insult/a friend íÇñ³íáñ³ÝùÇ/ÁÝÏ»ñáç
Ó»ÉÇ. »ñÏÏáÕÙ³ÝÇ, »ñÏ»ñ»ë³ÝÇ. a ~ deci-
ѳٳñ íñ»Å ÉáõÍ»É:
sion/process ѳϳ¹³ñÓ»ÉÇ áñáßáõÙ. Ñ»ï³-
revengeful [ri΄vendзfl] a íñÇųéáõ, á˳- ¹³ñÓ»ÉÇ ·áñÍÁÝóó. ~ cloth »ñÏÏáÕÙ³ÝÇ/
ϳÉ. íñ»ÅËݹÇñ:
»ñÏ»ñ»ë ·áñÍí³Íù:
revenger [ri΄vendзə] n íñÇųéáõ, íñ»Å- reversion [ri΄və:∫n] n í»ñ³¹³ñÓ (ݳËÏÇ-
ËݹÇñ Ù³ñ¹: ÝÇÝ). ·áõÛùÇ í»ñ³¹³ñÓáõ٠ݳËÏÇÝ ïÇñá-
revenue [΄revənju:] n »Ï³Ùáõï. å»ï³Ï³Ý/ çÁ:
ï³ñ»Ï³Ý »Ï³Ùáõï. ~ laws ѳñϳÛÇÝ revert [ri΄və:t] v í»ñ³¹³éݳÉ. ~ to the ranks
ûñ»ÝùÝ»ñ. Inland/Internal(US) ~ ѳñÏ»ñÇ ¨ ³ïÇ׳ݳ½ñÏí»Éáí ß³ñù³ÛÇÝ ½ÇÝíáñ
Ù³ùë»ñÇ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ: ¹³éݳÉ. I’ll ~ to this later ºë ¹ñ³Ý ³í»ÉÇ
reverberate [ri΄və:bəreit] v ³ñÓ³·³Ýù»É, áõß Ï³Ý¹ñ³¹³éݳÙ. The property ~s to the
revet 695 reward

state ê»÷³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÷á˳ÝóíáõÙ ¿ The rest ~d me гݷÇëïÁ áõÅ»ñë í»ñ³-


å»ïáõÃÛ³ÝÁ: ϳݷݻó. ~ memories ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ³ñÃ-
revet [ri΄vet] v ï»Ë. »ñ»ëå³ï»É: ݳóÝ»É. ~ a play í»ñ³Ï³Ý·Ý»É Ý»ñϳ۳ó-
revetment [ri΄vetmənt] n ï»Ë. »ñ»ëå³- Ù³Ý μ»Ù³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ. The flowers ~d
ïáõÙ: ̳ÕÇÏÝ»ñÁ í»ñ³Ï»Ý¹³Ý³ó³Ý. His hopes
review [ri΄vju:] n ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ù÷á÷áõÙ, ~d ÐáõÛë»ñÁ í»ñ³ÍÝí»óÇÝ:
³ÏݳñÏ. é½Ù. ½áñ³Ñ³Ý¹»ë, ½áñ³ï»ë. revivify [ri:΄vivifai] v í»ñ³Ï»Ý¹³Ý³óÝ»É:
brief/full/detailed/weekly ~ ϳñ×/ÉñÇí/Ù³Ýñ³- revocable [΄revəkəbl] a í»ñ³óÙ³Ý »Ýó-
Ù³ëÝ/ß³μ³Ã³Ï³Ý ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ. keep under ϳ:
~ í»ñ³ÑëÏ»É/·áñÍÁ, ѳñóÁ/. a ~ of the revocation [‚revəu΄kei∫n] n í»ñ³óáõÙ, ã»Õ-
events Çñ³¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ³Ù÷á÷áõÙ. Û³É Ñ³Ûï³ñ³ñ»ÉÁ:
(í»ñ³Ý³ÛáõÙ, ùÝݳñÏáõÙ) The case/applica- revoke [ri΄vəuk] v Çñ³í. ã»ÕÛ³É Ñ³Ûï³ñ³-
tion is under ~ ¶áñÍÁ í»ñ³Ý³ÛíáõÙ ¿, ¸Ç- ñ»É. Ñ»ï í»ñóÝ»É. ~ a will Ïï³ÏÁ ã»ÕÛ³É
ÙáõÙÁ ùÝݳñÏíáõÙ ¿. a literary ~ ·ñ³- ׳ݳã»É:
ϳÝ/ùÝݳ¹³ï³Ï³Ý ѳݹ»ë. (·ñ³Ëáëáõ- revolt [ri΄vəult] 1. n ³åëï³ÙμáõÃÛáõÝ, Ëéá-
ÃÛáõÝ) film ~ ÏÇÝá·ñ³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ of the íáõÃÛáõÝ. ³ï»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ, ½½í³Ýù. 2. v ³åÁë-
book, book ~ ·ñùÇ ·ñ³Ëáë³Ï³Ý. a ~ of the ï³Ùμ»É. ½³ÛñáõÛÃ/½½í³Ýù ³é³ç³óÝ»É.
play/performance åÇ»ëÇ/Ý»ñϳ۳óÙ³Ý ·ñ³- ½³ÛñáõÛÃáí Éóí»É. The film ~s me üÇÉÙÝ ÇÝÓ
Ëáë³Ï³Ý: ½³Ûñ³óÝáõÙ ¿:
review [ri΄vju:] v ¹Çï»É, ½ÝÝ»É, ëïáõ·»É. revolting [ri΄vəultiŋ] a ½½í»ÉÇ, ÝáÕϳÉÇ
·ñ³Ëáë»É, í»ñ³Ý³Û»É. é½Ù. ½áñ³ï»ë ½³Ûñ³óáõóÇã:
³ÝóϳóÝ»É. ~ an article Ñá¹í³ÍÁ ·ñ³Ëá- revolution [‚revə΄lu:∫n] n åïáõÛï. ùÕù.
ë»É. ~ the troops é½Ù. ½áñù»ñÇ ½áñ³ï»ë ѻճ÷áËáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ s per minute (ÙÇ)
³ÝóϳóÝ»É. ~ for the Times ³ÛÙëÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ
ñáå»áõ٠ϳï³ñí³Í åïáõÛïÝ»ñÁ. the ~ of
·ñ³Ëáë³Ï³ÝÝ»ñ ·ñ»É:
the seasons ï³ñí³ »Õ³Ý³ÏÝ»ñÇ ÉñÇí
reviewer [ri΄vju:ə] n ï»ë³μ³Ý, ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ ßñç³ÝÁ:
ϳ½ÙáÕ. ·ñ³ËáëáÕ:
revolutionary [‚revə΄lu:∫ənri] a ѻճ÷á-
revile [ri΄vail] v ѳÛÑáÛ»É, ³Ý³ñ·»É, íÇñ³- ˳ϳÝ:
íáñ»É. ~ at/against smth ѳÛÑáÛ»É:
revise [ri΄vaiz] n ëïáõ·»É, áõÕÕ»É. í»ñ³Ý³- revolve [ri΄vɒlv] v åïï(í)»É, åïáõÛï ·³É.
The earth ~s round the sun ºñÏÇñÁ åïïíáõÙ
Û»É, ÷áË»É. ~ one’s opinion ϳñÍÇùÁ í»ñ³-
¿ ³ñ¨Ç ßáõñçÁ. Her life ~s round her son Üñ³
ݳۻÉ/÷áË»É. ~ a document ÷³ëï³ÃáõÕÃÁ
ÏÛ³ÝùÇ ÇÙ³ëïÁ Çñ áñ¹ÇÝ ¿:
ëïáõ·»É/áõÕÕ»É. ~ a text í»ñ³Ùß³Ï»É ï»ùë-
ïÁ. ~ for exams å³ïñ³ëïí»É ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ-
revolver [ri΄vɒlvə] n ³ïñ׳ݳÏ:
Ý»ñÇÝ. a ~d edition í»ñ³Ý³Ûí³Í/í»ñ³-
revolving [ri΄vɒlviŋ] a åïïíáÕ. ßñç³Ý³-
éáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ·ïÝíáÕ. a ~ door åïïíáÕ
÷áËí³Í Ññ³ï³ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
¹áõé:
revision [ri΄viзn] n í»ñ³Ý³ÛáõÙ. ëïáõ·áõÙ,
í»ñ³Ùß³ÏáõÙ. the ~ of plans Íñ³·ñ»ñÇ í»- revue [ri΄vju:] n óïñ. ¹ñ³Ù³ïÇϳϳÝ
ñ³Ý³ÛáõÙ. the ~ of a document ÷³ëï³ÃÕÃÇ ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ, é¨Ûáõ. a students’ ~ áõë³ÝáÕ³-
ßïÏáõÙ. ~ of the text ï»ùëïÇ í»ñ³Ùß³ÏáõÙ. Ï³Ý Ï³ï³Ï»ñ·³Ï³Ý Ý»ñϳ۳óáõÙ/ϳ-
two weeks for ~ »ñÏáõ ß³μ³Ã ݳ˳å³ï- ï³Ï»ñ·áõÃÛáõÝ:
ñ³ëïí»Éáõ ѳٳñ: revulsion [ri΄vΛl∫n] n /ѳÝϳñͳÏÇ/ËÇëï
revisory [ri΄vaizəri] a í»ñëïáõ·Çã: ÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝ. ½½í³Ýù, ³Ýμ³ñÛ³ó³-
revival [ri΄vaivl] n í»ñ³ÍÝáõÙ. ³ßËáõų- ϳÙáõÃÛáõÝ, ÃßݳٳÝù. undergo a ~
óáõÙ. í»ñëÏëáõÙ. ~ of the tradition ³í³Ý- ËÇëï ÷á÷áËáõÃÛ³Ý »ÝóñÏí»É, ËÇëï
¹áõÛÃÇ í»ñ³ÍÝáõÙ. ~ of an old film ÑÇÝ ýÇÉÙÇ ÷áËí»É:
óáõó³¹ñáõÙ: reward [ri΄wɔ:d] n å³ñ·¨, å³ñ·¨³ïñáõÙ.
revive [ri΄vaiv] v áõßùÇ ·³É/μ»ñ»É. í»ñ³- í³ñÓ³ïñáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳïáõóáõÙ. deserve a ~
ϻݹ³Ý³Ý³É, í»ñ³ÍÝí»É. í»ñ³Ï³Ý·Ý»É. å³ñ·¨Ç ³ñųݳݳÉ. as a ~, in ~ for áñå»ë
reward 696 ride

å³ñ·¨. a ~ of patience ÷Ëμ. í³ñÓ³ïñáõÙ Íí»Ý-Íí»Ý ³ñí³Í. 2. v ųå³í»Ýáí


ѳÙμ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ. A ~ of fifty dollars ½³ñ¹³ñ»É:
is offered ÐÇëáõÝ ¹áÉ³É å³ñ·¨ ¿ ³é³ç³ñÏ- rice [rais] n, a μñÇÝÓ. μñÇÝÓ», μñÝÓÇ:
íáõÙ: rich [rit∫] a ѳñáõëï, ³é³ï, Édzé³ï. a ~
reward [ri΄wɔ:d] v å³ñ·»í»É, í³ñÓ³ïñ»É, harvest/experience ³é³ï μ»ñù. ѳñáõëï
ѳïáõó»É. The efforts were ~ed æ³Ýù»ñÁ Ï»Ýë³÷áñÓ. ~ soil μ»ññÇ/åïÕ³μ»ñ ÑáÕ. ~
í³ñÓ³ïñí»óÇÝ: food/milk ÛáõÕ³ÉÇ ëÝáõݹ/ϳÃ. ~ colours
rewarding [ri΄wɔ:diŋ] a ³ñųÝÇ, í׳ñíáÕ. í³é/ å³ÛÍ³é ·áõÛÝ»ñ. ~ voice óí/ÏñÍù³-
a ~ book ³ñųÝÇ ·Çñù. most ~ work ßÝáñ- ÛÇÝ Ó³ÛÝ:
Ñ³Ï³É ³ß˳ï³Ýù. financially ~ work ɳí riches [΄rit∫iz] n ѳñëïáõÃÛáõÝ, ϳñáÕáõ-
í׳ñíáÕ ³ß˳ï³Ýù: ÃÛáõÝ. ³é³ïáõÃÛáõÝ, ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ:
reword [‚ri:΄wə:d] v ³ÛÉ μ³é»ñáí/³ÛÉ Ó¨áí richly [΄rit∫li] adv ѳñáõëï/×áË Ï»ñåáí.
³ñï³Ñ³Ûï»É: ÉÇáíÇÝ. ~ deserve punishment ÉÇáíÇÝ ³ñų-
rewrite [‚ri:΄rait] v ³ñï³·ñ»É, ÝáñÇó ·ñ»É: ÝÇ ÉÇÝ»É å³ïÅÇ:
rhetoric [΄retərik] n ׳ñï³ë³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. richness [΄rit∫nəs] n ѳñëïáõÃÛáõÝ, μ»ññÇáõ-
÷Ëμ. ×áéáÙ³μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: ÃÛáõÝ, ×áËáõÃÛáõÝ. å³ÛͳéáõÃÛáõÝ. ÑÛáõû-
rhetorical [ri΄tɒrikl] a Ñé»ïáñ³Ï³Ý, ׳ñ- ÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ϳÉáñdzϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
ï³ë³Ý³Ï³Ý: rick [rik] n, v ¹»½. ¹Ç½»É, ¹»½ ³Ý»É:
rheumatism [΄ru:mətiz(ə)m] n Ñá¹³ó³í, rick [rik] v ~ one’s ankle Ïá×Á ¹áõñë ÁÝÏÝ»É:
é¨Ù³ïǽÙ: rickets [΄rikits] n μÅßÏ. é³ËÇï:
rhino [΄rainəu] n (Ïñ×. rhinoceros-Çó) rickety [΄rikiti] a é³ËÇï³íáñ. »ñ»ñáõÝ,
éÝ·»ÕçÛáõñ: ˳Ëáõï, ³ÝϳÛáõÝ. ~ furniture ˳Ëáõï
rhomb [rɒm] n (ݳ¨ rhombus) éáõÙμ, ß»- ϳÑáõÛù:
Õ³ÝÏÛáõÝ: ricochet [΄rikə∫ei] n ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓáõÙ. ³Ý¹-
rhombic [΄rɒmbik] a ߻ճÝÏÛáõÝ, éáÙμ³Ó¨: ñ³¹³ñÓ/ѻﳹ³ñÓ ÃéÇãù:
rhubarb [΄ru:ba:b] n μëμ. ˳í³ñÍÇÉ, rid [rid] v ³½³ï»É, ÷ñÏ»É. get ~ of ³½³ï-
˳ßݹ»Õ: í»É, ÷ñÏí»É. ·ÉáõËÝ ³½³ï»É. get ~ of the
rhyme [raim] n ѳݷ, ѳݷ³íáñ μ³Ý³- rats ³éÝ»ïÝ»ñÇó ³½³ïí»É. get ~ of the car
ëï»ÕÍáõÃÛáõÝ. nursery ~ Ù³ÝÏ³Ï³Ý áï³- Ù»ù»Ý³Ý í³×³é»É:
ݳíáñÝ»ñ. neither ~ nor reason áã ϳñ· ϳ, riddance [΄ridns] n ³½³ïáõÙ, ÷ñÏáõÙ. make
áã ¿É Ï³ÝáÝ. without ~ or reason ³é³Ýó
a good ~ ѳçáÕ Ï»ñåáí ³½³ïí»É. Good
ÙïùÇ/ÇÙ³ëïÇ:
~ ! ȳí åñͳÝù. ´³ñáí ·Ý³ë áõ Ñ»ï
rhymed [raimd] a ѳݷ³íáñ, ѳݷ³íáñ- ã·³ë:
í³Í:
riddle I [΄ridl] n ѳݻÉáõÏ. ÷Ëμ. ³é»ÕÍí³Í
rhythm [΄riðəm] n éÇÃÙ. ã³÷ (áï³Ý³- ·³ÕïÝÇù. read a ~ ѳݻÉáõÏÁ ÉáõÍ»É. solve a
íáñÇ):
~ ³é»ÕÍí³ÍÁ μ³ó»É. ask smb a ~ Ù»ÏÇÝ Ñ³-
rhythmic(al) [΄riðmik(l)] a éÇÃÙÇÏ, Ý»ÉáõÏ ï³É. Stop talking ~s ¸³¹³ñ»ù ѳ-
ѳٳã³÷, ã³÷³Íá. ~ prose ã³÷³Íá
Ý»ÉáõÏÝ»ñáí Ëáë»É:
³ñÓ³Ï. ~ movements ѳٳã³÷ ß³ñÅáõÙ-
Ý»ñ:
riddle II [΄ridl] n Ù³Õ:
rib [rib] n ϽÙË. ÏáÕ, ÏáÕáëÏñ. μëμ. ï»ñ¨Ç riddle [΄ridl] v Ù³Õ»É. ͳÏáï»É, ͳÏÍÏ»É. ~
coal/soil ³ÍáõË/ÑáÕ Ù³Õ»É. ~ with bullets
»ñ³Ï. ÏïÏ. ÏÇÝ, ÏáÕ³ÏÇó. smoked ~s
·Ý¹³ÏÝ»ñáí ͳÏÍÏ»É:
³åËï³Í ÏáÕ³ÙÇë:
ribald [΄ribld] n, a ÏáåÇï/·é»ÑÇÏ Ù³ñ¹. ride [raid] n ½μáë³Ýù (ÓÇáí, ѻͳÝíáí).
³Ýí³Û»É, ³Ýå³ñÏ»ßï: áõÕ¨áñáõÃÛáõÝ. ׳ݳå³ñÑáñ¹áõÃÛáõÝ. go
ribaldry [΄ribldri] n ½³½ñ³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝ. for a ~ ½μáë³ÝùÇ/áõÕ¨áñáõÃÛ³Ý ·Ý³É. a
³Ýí³Û»É/³Ýå³ñÏ»ßï í³ñù: bysicle ~ ½μáë³Ýù ѻͳÝíáí. a ~ in the
ribbed [΄ribd] a ÏáÕ³íáñ, ß»ñï³íáñ: mountains ½μáë³Ýù É»éÝ»ñáõÙ. give a ~
ribbon [΄ribən] 1. n ųå³í»Ý, »ñǽ. type- in the car Ù»ù»Ý³Ûáí ï³Ý»É. a ten minute ~
writer ~ ·ñ³Ù»ù»Ý³ÛÇ Å³å³í»Ý. torn to ~s ï³ëÁ ñáå»Ç ׳ݳå³ñÑ (÷á˳¹ñ³ÙÇçá-
rider 697 right

óáí): ñ³ëï»É. ~ up a shelter ³å³ëï³ñ³Ý


ride [raid] v ·Ý³É, ùß»É, Ñ»ÍÝ»É. ~ a horse/by- ë³ñù»É. ~ with the latest equipment
cicle ÓÇ/ѻͳÝÇí ùß»É. ~ in a bus/in a car Ýáñ³·áõÛÝ ë³ñù³íáñáõÙÝ»ñáí ѳÝ-
³íïáμáõëáí/Ù»ù»Ý³Ûáí ·Ý³É. ~ out of the ¹»ñÓ»É:
storm ÷Ëμ. ÷áÃáñÇÏÇÝ ¹ÇٳݳÉ. let things rig II [rig] v ˳μ»É, Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏ»É. ϳ½Ù³-
~ ÃáÕÝ»É Çñ»ñÝ Çñ»Ýó ÁÝóóùáí ·Ý³Ý. ~ Ï»ñå»É. It’s been ~ged ¸³ ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåí³Í
at áõÕÕí»É. ~ away Ñ»é³Ý³É. ~ away in dif- ·áñÍ ¿. ~ an election Ï»ÕÍ»É ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»-
ferent directions ï³ñμ»ñ áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí ñÁ. ~ the market ßáõϳÛÇ ·Ý»ñÁ ³ñÑ»ëï³-
·Ý³É. ~ into ÷á˳¹ñ³ÙÇçáóáí Ý»ñë ϳÝáñ»Ý ÷áË»É:
ÙïÝ»É/ Ùáõïù ·áñÍ»É. ~ straight into the wall rigged [΄rigd] a Ï»ÕÍ, Ï»ÕÍí³Í, ˳ñ¹³Ë.
áõÕÇÕ å³ïÇÝ ½³ñÝí»É. ~ past ÏáÕùáí ~ elections Ï»ÕÍÇùÝ»ñáí ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. ~
ùß»É-³ÝóÝ»É. ~ up to Ùáï»Ý³É: lottery ˳ñ¹³Ë íÇ׳ϳ˳Õ:
rider [΄raidə] n Ñ»ÍÛ³É, Ódzíáñ. ѻͳÝ- rigging [΄rigiŋ] n ë³ñù, ѳݹ»ñÓ³Ýù.
íáñ¹: ËëÏó. ѳ·áõëï, ½·»ëï, ßáñ:
ridge [ridз] n É»éݳϳï³ñ, É»éݳ߳ñù. right [rait] n Çñ³íáõÝù. ³ñ¹³ñ³óÇ å³-
ϳï³ñ, ͳÛñ. áõéáõóÇÏ ß»ñï (·áñÍí³ÍùÇ Ñ³Ýç. human/civil ~s Ù³ñ¹áõ/ù³Õ³ù³-
íñ³). the ~ of a roof ï³ÝÇùÇ Ï³ï³ñÁ/ͳÛ- óÇ³Ï³Ý Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñ. the ~ of veto í»ïá-
ñÁ. a ~ of high pressure û¹»ñÃ. μ³ñÓñ ÛÇ Çñ³íáõÝù. author’s ~ Ñ»ÕÇݳϳÛÇÝ Çñ³-
×ÝßÙ³Ý ßñç³Ý: íáõÝù. basic ~ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñ.
ridged [ridзd] a ëñ³Í³Ûñ: breach of a ~ Çñ³íáõÝùÇ Ë³ËïáõÙ. by ~ of
ridicule [΄ridikju:l] n ͳÕñ, ͳÕñáõÙ. hold Çñ³íáõÝùáí. exercise one’s ~ Çñ³íáõÝùÇó
to ~ ͳÕñÇ ³é³ñϳ ¹³ñÓÝ»É: û·ïí»É. envolve one’s ~s Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÁ
ridicule [΄ridikju:l] v ͳÕñ»É, ͳÕñÇ ³é³ñ- ßáß³÷»É. abuse of ~ Çñ³íáõÝùÇ
ϳ ¹³ñÓÝ»É: ã³ñ³ß³ÑáõÙ. in one’s own ~ ë»÷³Ï³Ý
ridiculous [ri΄dikjuləs] a ÍÇͳջÉÇ, ½³í»ß- Çñ³íáõÝùáí. film ~s (ýÇÉÙÇ) ¿Ïñ³Ý³íáñ-
ï³Ï³Ý. ³ÝѻûÃ. a ~ hat ³ÝÑ»Ã»Ã Ù³Ý Çñ³íáõÝù. demand/maintain/stand upon
·É˳ñÏ. look ~ ½³í»ßï³Ï³Ý ï»ëù áõÝ»- one’s ~ Çñ Çñ³íáõÝùÁ å³ßïå³Ý»É. reserve
ݳÉ. It is ~ to expect ... ÌÇͳջÉÇ ¿ ëå³ë»É, the ~ Çñ»Ý Çñ³íáõÝù ѳٳñ»É. be in the ~
áñ..£ Çñ³í³óÇ/×ßÙ³ñÇï ÉÇÝ»É. ~s and duties
riding [΄raidiŋ] n Ódzí³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ÓÇ Ñ»ÍÝ»- Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñ ¨ å³ñï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ.
ÉÁ. ~ breeches/boots ѻͻɳ߳Éí³ñ, Ódzí³- lose/guarantee ~s ÏáñóÝ»É/»ñ³ß˳íáñ»É
ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÏáßÇÏÝ»ñ. ~ -habit ѻͻÉáõÑáõ Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÁ. ~s ϳñ· áõ ϳÝáÝ. set the
½·»ëï: room to ~s ë»ÝÛ³ÏÁ ϳñ·Ç μ»ñ»É. (×ßÙ³ñ-
riding-hag [΄raidiŋhæg] n ÙÕÓ³í³Ýç: ïáõÃÛáõÝ) know ~ from wrong ×ÇßïÝ áõ ë˳-
rife [raif] a ѳ׳˳¹»å, ɳÛÝ ï³ñ³ÍáõÙ ÉÁ ï³ñμ»ñ»É. ~s and wrongs of the matter
áõÝ»óáÕ. ~ with rumours Éáõñ»ñáí ÉÇ. Famine ·áñÍÇ ×ÇßïÝ áõ ëáõïÁ. (³ç ÏáÕÙÁ/Ó»éùÁ)
was ~ êáíÁ ÙáÉ»·ÝáõÙ ¿ñ: keep to the ~ ³ç ÏáÕÙáí ·Ý³É. on the ~ ³ç
riffraff [΄rifræf] n ó÷Ã÷áõÏ, ѳë³ñ³- ÏáÕÙáõÙ. to the ~ ¹»åÇ ³ç. the ~s ùÕù.
ÏáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï³Ýù: ³ç»ñÁ, å³Ñå³ÝáճϳÝÝ»ñÁ. parties of the
rifle [΄raifl] n Ññ³ó³Ý. the ~s Ññ³ÓÇ·Ý»ñ, ~ ³ç³ÏáÕÙÛ³Ý/³ç Ïáõë³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ:
Ññ³Ó·³ÛÇÝ ½áñ³Ù³ë. a ~ battalion Ññ³- right [rait] a ×Çßï, áõÕÇÕ. the ~ answer ×Çßï
Ó·³ÛÇÝ ·áõÙ³ñï³Ï. ~ range Ññ³Ó·³ñ³Ý. å³ï³ë˳ÝÁ. put ~ áõÕÕ»É, ϳñ·Ç μ»ñ»É.
~ shot Ññ³ó³ÝÇ Ïñ³Ïáó. (ɳí) Ññ³ÓÇ·. ~ put a mistake ~ ë˳ÉÝ áõÕÕ»É. the ~ time
man Ññ³ÓÇ·: ×Çßï ųٳݳÏÁ. the ~ side »ñ»ëÇ ÏáÕÙÁ. be
rift [rift] n ׳ù, ×»Õù. ×»Õùí³Íù. ~ in the in one’s ~ mind Ë»ÉùÁ ï»ÕÁ ÉÇÝ»É. do the ~
cloud Éáõë³ß»ñï ³Ùå»ñÇ ³ñ³ÝùáõÙ: thing ×Çßï í³ñí»É. choose the ~ moment
rig [rig] n ѳݹ»ñÓ³Ýù, ݳí³Ñ³Ý¹»ñÓ³Ýù. ×Çßï å³ÑÝ ÁÝïñ»É. the ~ time ×Çßï/
an oil ~ Ñáñ³ïÙ³Ý ³ßï³ñ³Ï: ѳñÙ³ñ ųٳݳÏÁ. the ~ size ѳٳå³-
rig I [rig] v ѳݹ»ñÓ»É, ë³ñù»É, å³ï- ï³ëË³Ý ã³÷ë. He is the ~ sort ÆuϳϳÝ
right 698 ringing

ïÕ³Ù³ñ¹ ¿. (ɳí, ë³ñùÇÝ) It all came ~ in ñ»É:


the end ì»ñçáõÙ ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã ɳí ëï³óí»ó. rigmarole [΄rigmərəul] 1. n ¹³ï³ñϳËá-
The medicine will put you ~ ²Ûë ¹»ÕÁ Ó»½ ëáõÃÛáõÝ. 2. a ¹³ï³ñÏ, ³ÝÇÙ³ëï, ³ÝÙÇï:
ßáõïáí Ïɳí³óÝÇ. (ï³ñμ»ñ ÇÙ³ëïÝ»ñ) rigorism [΄rigəriz(ə)m] n ËëïáõÃÛáõÝ,
quite ~ ÉñÇí/ß³ï ×Çßï. be all ~ ɳí/³éáÕç Ëëï³μ³ñáÛáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÉÇÝ»É. all ~ ɳí. It serves him ~ Üñ³Ý ï»ÕÝ ¿. rigorous [΄rigərəs] a ËÇëï, Ëëï³å³Ñ³Ýç,
You were ~ to come ÖÇßï ³ñ»óÇù, áñ »Ï³ù. Ù³Ýñ³ÏñÏÇï. a ~ climate Ëëï³ßáõÝã ÏÉÇ-
(³ñ¹³ñ³óÇ, Çñ³í³óÇ) It’s not ~ ¸³ ³ñ¹³- Ù³. a ~ search ç³Ý³ë»ñ áñáÝáõÙ:
ñ³óÇ ã¿. I think it ~ γñÍáõÙ »Ùª ¹³ rile [rail] v ½³Ûñ³óÝ»É, íñ¹áí»É, ·ñ·é»É:
Çñ³í³óÇ ¿: rill [ril] n ³éí³Ï, íï³Ï:
right [rait] adv ×Çßï, ³ñ¹³ñ, å³ïß³× rim [rim] n »½ñ³ß»ñï, »½»ñù. åéáõÝÏ. ûÕ,
Ó¨áí. ³ñ¹³ñ³óÇ Ï»ñåáí. if I remember ~ ûÕ³·áïÇ:
»Ã» ×Çßï »Ù ÑÇßáõÙ. guess ~ ×Çßï rime [raim] n ÓݳϳñÏáõï, »ÕÛ³Ù:
Ó¨áí Ïé³Ñ»É. ~ in the middle áõÕÇÕ Ù»ç- rimless [΄rimləs] a ³é³Ýó ûÕ³·áïáõ/ßñç³-
ï»ÕáõÙ. ~ in the eye/face áõÕÇÕ ³ã- ݳÏÇ:
ùÇÝ/¹»ÙùÇÝ. ~ opposite áõÕÇÕ ¹ÇÙ³óÁ. ~ rimmed [rimd] a ßñç³Ý³Ïí³Í, ßñç³Ý³ÏÇ
here Ñ»Ýó/×Çßï ³Ûëï»Õ. ~ to the end Ù»ç. gold ~ áëÏÛ³ ßñç³Ý³Ïáí:
ÙÇÝã»í í»ñç. (¹»åÇ ³ç) Turn ~ ! ²ç ¹³ñÓ. rimy [΄raimi] a »ÕÛ³Ù³å³ï, »Õ۳ٳϳ-
They owe money ~ left and the centre ËëÏó. ɳÍ:
Üñ³Ýù μáÉáñÇÝ å³ñïù »Ý, å³ñïù»ñÇ rind [raind] n Ï×»å, ÏÉ»å, ϻը:
Ù»ç Ëñí³Í »Ý: ring I [riŋ] n Ù³ï³ÝÇ. Ùñ½. Ùñó³Ñ³ñóÏ,
right [rait] v áõÕÕ(í)»É, ßïÏ(í)»É. ~ a wrong Ùñó³ëå³ñ»½. éÇÝ·. Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó (ѳÝó³-
³Ý³ñ¹³ñáõÃÛ³Ý í»ñ³óáõÙ. It will ~ itself ·áñÍ) ÙdzíáñáõÙ. gold/engagement/wedding
ÆÝùÝ Çñ»Ý Ïϳñ·³íáñíÇ: ~ áëÏÛ³/Ýß³ÝÇ/ѳñë³ÝÇùÇ Ù³ï³ÝÇ. ~ fin-
right-angled [΄rait‚æŋgld] a áõÕÕ³ÝÏÛáõÝ: ger Ù³ï³Ý»Ù³ï. (ûÕ, ûÕ³Ï, ßñç³Ý³Ï)
right-down [΄raitdaun] a ѳÛïÝÇ, ѳÝñ³- curtain ~ í³ñ³·áõÛñÇ ûÕ³Ï. form a ~ ßñç³Ý
ͳÝáÃ: ϳ½Ù»É. a ~ of admirers »ñÏñå³·áõÝ»ñÇ
righteous [΄rait∫əs] a ³ñ¹³ñ³óÇ, Çñ³í³óÇ. ßñç³Ý³Ï. a spy ~ Éñï»ë³Ï³Ý ó³Ýó:
~ indignation ³ñ¹³ñ³óÇ íñ¹áíÙáõÝù: ring II [riŋ] n ÕáÕ³Ýç, ½Ý·áó, ½³Ý·Ç Ó³ÛÝ.
rightful [΄raitfl] a ûñÇݳϳÝ. ³ñ¹³ñ³óÇ, ½³Ý·, Ó³ÛÝ. ÑÝãÛáõÝ. a loud ~ áõÅ»Õ ½Ý·áó.
Çñ³í³óÇ. the ~ owner ûñÇÝ³Ï³Ý ï»ñÁ: ~ at the door ¹é³Ý ½³Ý·. a ~ of irony Ñ»·-
right-hand [‚rait΄hænd] a ³ç³ÏáÕÙÛ³Ý. on ݳÝùÇ »ñ³Ý·. have the ~ of truth ×ßÙ³ñ-
the ~ side ³ç ÏáÕÙáõÙ. my ~ man ÇÙ ³ç Ó»é- ï³ÝÙ³Ý ÑÝã»É. the ~ of one’s voice Ù»ÏÇ
ùÁ: Ó³ÛÝÇ ÑÝãÛáõÝÁ:
right-handed [‚rait΄hændid] a áã Ó³ËÉÇÏ, ring [riŋ] v ½Ý·³É, ½ñÝ·³É. ÑÝã»É. ½³Ý·³-
³çÉÇÏ. a ~ blow ³ç³ÏáÕÙÛ³Ý Ñ³ñí³Í: ѳñ»É. ~ the bell (¹é³Ý) ½³Ý·Á ÑÝã»É. She
right-hander [‚rait΄hændə] n ËëÏó. ³ç rang me up ܳ ÇÝÓ ½³Ý·³Ñ³ñ»ó. ~ a bell
Ó»éùáí ѳñí³Í: with smn ÷Ëμ. ÇÝã-áñ μ³Ý ÑÇß»óÝ»É. ~ off
rightly [΄raitli] adv ³ñ¹³ñ³óÇáñ»Ý. ×Çßï, Éë³÷áÕÁ ó³Í ¹Ý»É, Ëáë³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ
×ßïáñ»Ý. act ~ ×Çßï ·áñÍ»É. and ~ so ¨ ³í³ñï»É. ~ for the lift í»ñ»É³Ï å³ïíÇñ»É/
×Çßï ¿ ~ or wrongly ÇÝ㨿: ϳÝã»É. A cry/shot rang out ØÇ ×ãáó/Ïñ³Ïáó
rigid [΄ridзid] a Ïáßï, ãûùíáÕ, áã ×ÏáõÝ. a ~ ÑÝã»ó/Éëí»ó. The story ~s true ä³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝÁ
rule ËÇëï ϳÝáÝ. ~ views ѳëï³ïáõÝ ×ßÙ³ñÇï ¿ ÑÝãáõÙ:
ï»ë³Ï»ï, áã ×ÏáõÝ Ñ³Û³óùÝ»ñ: ring-dove [΄riŋdΛv] n í³ÛñÇ ³Õ³íÝÇ:
rigidity [ri΄dзidəti] n ÏáßïáõÃÛáõÝ, ϳñÍñáõ- ringer [΄riŋə] n ½³Ý·. ųÙѳñ, ųÙÏáã:
ÃÛáõÝ. ³ÝÝÏáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳëï³ï³Ï³Ùáõ- ring-fence [΄riŋfens] n ßñç³å³ñÇëå,
ÃÛáõÝ: ó³Ýϳå³ï:
rigidly [΄ridзidli] adv ³Ý¹ñ¹í»ÉÇ/³Ýë³ë³Ý ringing [΄riŋiŋ] n ÕáÕ³Ýç. ½³Ý·Ç Ó³ÛÝ.
Ï»ñåáí. be ~ opposed ѳٳéáñ»Ý ¹ÇÙ³¹- »ñϳñ³ï¨ ½³Ý·³Ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. Ñ»é³Ëá-
ringing 699 rise

ë³Ï³Ýã. a ~ in one’s ears ½Ý·áó ³Ï³Ýç- ~ »ñμ ųٳݳÏÁ ·³/ѳëáõݳݳ. live to a


Ý»ñáõÙ: ~ old age ³åñ»É ÙÇÝ㨠½³é³ÙÛ³É Ñ³ë³Ï:
ringing [΄riŋiŋ] a ÑÝãáõÝ, ÑÝã»Õ, μ³ñÓñ. ripen [΄raipən] v ѳëáõݳݳÉ, ѳëÝ»É.
×ù×ù³Ý. ~ frost ×ù×ù³Ý ë³éݳٳÝÇù: ѳëóÝ»É. The sun ~s the fruit ²ñ¨Á ѳ-
ringleader [΄riŋ‚li:də] n (ѳÝó³íáñ ËÙμÇ) ëáõݳóÝáõÙ ¿ ÙÇñ·Á:
å³ñ³·ÉáõË, ջϳí³ñ: ripeness [΄raipnəs] n ѳëáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ѳë³Í
ringlet [΄riŋlət] n ÷áùñÇÏ Ù³ï³ÝÇ. Ëá- ÉÇÝ»ÉÁ:
åáåÇÏ, Ëáåáå: riposte [ri΄pɒst] n å³ï³ëË³Ý Ñ³ñí³Í.
ring road [΄riŋrəud] n ûճϳӨ ׳ݳ- ÷Ëμ. ëñ³ÙÇï å³ï³ë˳Ý:
å³ñÑ: ripping [΄ripiŋ]1. a Ñá۳ϳå, ÑdzݳÉÇ, ·»-
rink [riŋk] n (ݳ¨ skating rink) ë³Ñ³¹³ßï, ñ³½³Ýó. 2. adv ~ good ß³ï ɳí, Ñ۳ϳå,
ë³Ñ³ñ³Ý: óÝóáÕ:
rinse [rins] n Ý»ñÏ Ù³½»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. áÕáÕáõÙ, ripple [΄ripl] n ³É»Í³Éù. Ù»ÕÙ Í÷³Ýù. Ëá-
å³ñ½³çñáõÙ. give a ~ áÕáÕ»É, å³ñ½³çñ»É. Ëáç, ϳñϳãÛáõÝ. ·³Ý·ñáõÃÛáõÝ (Ù³½»ñÇ).
give the clothes/dishes a ~ ßáñ»ñÁ/³Ù³Ý»Õ»ÝÁ ~s on the water çñÇ Í÷³Ýù. a ~ of applause
å³ñ½³çñ»É. give one’s mouth a ~ μ»ñ³ÝÁ ÷Ëμ. ͳ÷³Ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ³ÉÇù:
áÕáÕ»É: ripple [΄ripl] v ͳͳÝ(í)»É. ûè ³É»ÏáÍ-
rinse [rins] v Ý»ñÏ»É. áÕáÕ»É. å³ñ½³çñ»É, í»É. ϳñϳã»É, ËáËáç»É:
Éí³Ý³É: ripply [΄ripli] a ³É»Í³Í³Ý, Í÷³Ý. ·³Ý·áõñ,
riot [΄raiət] n ËéáíáõÃÛáõÝ, ³åëï³Ùμáõ- ³ÉÇù³Ó¨:
ÃÛáõÝ. run ~ μáñμáùí»É, ·ñ·éí»É. ~s in the riprap [΄ripræp] n Ù³Ýñ ËÇ×:
streets ³Ýϳñ·áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ÷áÕáóÝ»ñáõÙ. rise [raiz] n μ³ñÓñ³óáõÙ, μ³ñÓñ³Ý³ÉÁ. í»-
(μáõéÝ áõñ³ËáõÃÛáõÝ) The party was a ~! ²°Û ñ»Éù. ͳ·áõÙ. a ~ in the river ·»ïÇ çñÇ
û áõñ³Ë³ó³Ýù. (μáõéÝ ³×) The grass has μ³ñÓñ³óáõÙ. ~ and fall ÷Ëμ. í»ñ»Éù ¨ ³Ý-
run ~ ÊáïÁ ó÷áí ³×»É ¿. let one’s imagina- ÏáõÙ. ~ to power Çß˳ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ëÝ»ÉÁ/
tion run ~ »ñ¨³Ï³ÛáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ³½³ïáõÃÛáõÝ ·ÉáõËÝ ³ÝóÝ»ÉÁ. be on the ~ μ³ñÓñ³Ý³É.
ï³É: ѳçáÕ ÉÇÝ»É. sharp ~ ÏïñáõÏ í»ñ»Éù. ~ in
riot [΄raiət] v ËéáíáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëݳÏó»É. Ùá- prices/temperature/living standards ·Ý»ñÇ Ã³Ý-
É»·Ý»É, ³Ýϳñ·áõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É. Ëñ³Ë׳Ý- ϳóáõÙ. ç»ñÙ³ëïÇ׳ÝÇ/Ï»Ýë³Ù³Ï³ñ¹³-
ùáí ÉÇ ÏÛ³Ýù í³ñ»É: ÏÇ ³í»É³óáõÙ/μ³ñÓñ³óáõÙ. a ~ in crime
rioter [΄raiətə] n Ëéáí³ñ³ñ: ѳÝó³·áñÍáõÃÛ³Ý ³×. ask for a ~ ³ß˳-
riotous [΄raiətəs] a ϳï³ÕÇ, ÙáÉ»·ÇÝ, ï³í³ñÓÇ μ³ñÓñ³óáõÙ Ëݹñ»É. (μ³ñ-
³ÕÙϳñ³ñ. ~ behaviour ϳï³ÕÇ í³ñí»É³- ÓáõÝù) stand on a ~ μ³ñÓáõÝùÇ íñ³ ϳݷ-
Ï»ñå. ~ growth μáõéÝ ³×. a ~ party μáõéÝ Ý»É. (ͳ·áõÙ) have/take ~ in/from ëÏǽμ
»ñ»ÏáõÛÃ. have a ~ time ɳí áõñ³Ë³Ý³É: ³éÝ»É/³é³ç³Ý³É. give ~ to ³é³ç³óÝ»É,
rip I [rip] n ×»Õù/Ïïñí³Íù ½·»ëïÇ Ý»ñù¨Ç ³éÇà ï³É. give ~ to many problems/suspicions
Ù³ëáõÙ. ù³Ý¹í³Í ϳñ: ß³ï åñáμÉ»ÙÝ»ñ/ϳëϳÍÝ»ñ ëï»ÕÍ»É. the
rip II [rip] n ùÝÓéáï ÓÇ. an old ~ ÷Ëμ. ~ of the sun ³ñ¨Ç ͳ·áõÙÁ:
å³é³í ßí³Ûï³ÙáÉ: rise [raiz] v μ³ñÓñ³Ý³É, áïùÇ »ÉÝ»É. ͳ·»É.
rip [rip] v å³ïé»É, ×Õ»É, ϳñ»ñÁ ù³Ý¹»É. ~ ³í»É³Ý³É, ³×»É, ß³ï³Ý³É. ³åëï³Ùμ»É,
down the picture ÝϳñÁ å³ïé»É-·ó»É. ~ off Áݹ¹ÇٳݳÉ. ~ to one’s feet áïùÇ »ÉÝ»É. ~
buttons Ïá׳ÏÝ»ñÁ åáÏ»É. ~ the seam/the en- into the air û¹ μ³ñÓñ³Ý³É. ~ early í³Õ í»ñ
velûpe open ϳñÁ ù³Ý¹»É, Íñ³ñÁ μ³ó»É/ ϻݳÉ. The sun/moon is ~ ing ²ñ¨Á/ÈáõëÇÝÁ
å³ïé»Éáí/: ͳ·áõÙ ¿. The river ~s from a lake ¶»ïÁ É×Çó
ripe [raip] a ѳë³Í (ݳ¨ ÷Ëμ.) ѳëáõݳ- ¿ ëÏÇ½μ ³éÝáõÙ. The wind/smoke is ~ing ø³-
ó³Í, å³ïñ³ëï. ~ fruit/berries ѳë³Í ÙÇ/ÌáõË ¿ μ³ñÓñ³ÝáõÙ. The prices/costs/tem-
ÙÇñ·/ѳï³åïáõÕÝ»ñ. grow ~ ѳëÝ»É. ~ perature(s) have risen ²Û¹ ·Ý»ñÁ/ͳËë»ñÁ/
judgement ÷Ëμ. ѳëáõÝ ¹³ïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ ç»ñÙ³ëïÇ׳Ý(Ý»ñ)Á μ³ñÓñ³ó»É »Ý/³í»-
for ÇÝã-áñ μ³ÝÇ å³ïñ³ëï. when the time is ɳó»É »Ý. ~ in rebelion ³åëï³Ùμ»É. ~ in
riser 700 roam

arms ½»ÝùÁ Ó»éùÇÝ ³åëï³Ùμ»É. ~ in the ÃÛáõÝ:


world μ³ñ·³í³×»É, ³é³ç³¹ÇÙ»É. ~ to the rive [raiv] n ×»Õù, ×»Õùí³Íù, å³ïéí³Íù:
occasion ¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý μ³ñÓñáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³ ÉÇÝ»É. river [΄rivə] 1. n ·»ï, Ñáë³Ýù. wide/deep/
~ in smb’s estimation Ù»ÏÇ ³ãùáõÙ μ³ñÓñ³- shallow/fast ~ ɳÛÝ/Ëáñ/ͳÝͳÕ/³ñ³·-
ݳÉ. A quarrel rose ì»× ͳ·»ó: ÁÝÃ³ó ·»ï. up/down ~ ·»ïÇ Ñáë³ÝùÝ Ç
riser [΄raizə] n an early/late ~ í³Õ/áõß ³ñÃݳ- í»ñ/Ç í³ñ cross the ~ ·»ïÝ ³ÝóÝ»É. ÷Ëμ.
óáÕ: ËáãÁݹáïÝ»ñÁ ѳÕóѳñ»É. ~ bank ·»-
rising [΄raiziŋ] n í»ñ ϻݳÉÁ, áïùÇ »ÉÝ»ÉÁ. ï³÷. ~ bed ·»ïÇ ÑáõÝ ~ horse ·»ï³ÓÇ. ~
ͳ·áõÙ, ͳ·»ÉÁ. μ³ñÓñ³óáõÙ, μ³ñÓñ³- mouth ·»ï³μ»ñ³Ý. ~ side ·»ïÇ ³÷,
ݳÉÁ. ³åëï³ÙμáõÃÛáõÝ: ·»ï³÷ÝÛ³ ·áïÇ/ß»ñï. 2. a ·»ï³÷ÝÛ³:
rising [΄raiziŋ] a ٻͳóáÕ, ³×áÕ, ½³ñ·³- rivet [΄rivit] n, v ·³Ù, ¹áõñ·³Ù, 쨻é. ·³-
óáÕ. ³é³ç³¹ÇÙáÕ. ~ ground μ³ñÓñ³¹Çñ Ù»É. ÷Ëμ. 쨻é»É. All eyes were ~ed on him
ï»Õ³Ýù. ~ tide ٻͳóáÕ Ù³ÏÁÝóóáõ- ´áÉáñ ѳ۳óùÝ»ñÁ Ýñ³Ý ¿ÇÝ ·³Ùí³Í:
ÃÛáõÝ. ~ excitiment ³×áÕ Ñáõ½ÙáõÝù. the ~ rivulet [΄rivjulət] n ·»ï³Ï, íï³Ï:
generation ³×áÕ ë»ñáõݹÁ. a ~ young road [rəud] n ׳ݳå³ñÑ, ׳Ù÷³, áõÕÇ.
lawyer ÑáõÛë»ñ Ý»ñßÝãáÕ »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹ ÷áÕáó. straight/muddy/dusty/paved /country ~
Çñ³í³μ³Ý. ~ unemployment ³×áÕ ·áñͳ- áõÕÇÕ/ó»Ëáï/÷áßáï/ë³É³Ñ³ï³Ï/·Ûáõ -
½ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ: Õ³Ï³Ý ×³Ý³å³ñÑ. cross/go along the ~ ׳-
risk [risk] n íï³Ý·, éÇëÏ. take/run the ~ /risks ݳå³ñÑÁ/÷áÕáóÁ Ïïñ»É ³ÝóÝ»É, ׳ݳ-
éÇëÏÇ ·Ý³É, íï³Ý·Ç »ÝóñÏí»É. at the ~ of å³ñÑÇ »ñϳÛÝùáí ·Ý³É. across the ~
íï³Ý·Ç »ÝóñÏ»Éáí. high ~ group μ³ñÓñ ׳ݳå³ñÑÇ/÷áÕáóÇ ÙÛáõë ÏáÕÙÁ. an arte-
éÇëÏÇ ËáõÙμ. an occupational ~ Ù³ëݳ·Ç- rial/trunk/main ~ ³íïáÙáμÇɳÛÇÝ Ù³ÛñáõÕÇ.
ï³Ï³Ý éÇëÏ. at one’s own ~ Çñ å³ï³ë˳- a dirt ~ ë³ÛÉáõÕÇ, μݳÑáÕÇ ×³Ý³å³ñÑ. be
ݳïíáõÃÛ³Ùμ. It’s not worth the ~ â³ñÅÇ in the ~, get in one`s ~ Ù»ÏÇ ×³Ý³å³ñÑÇÝ
íï³Ý·Ç »ÝóñÏ»É. a ~ of fire Ññ¹»ÑÇ Ï³Ý·Ý»É/˳ݷ³ñ»É. be on the ~ ÷Ëμ. ó-
íï³Ý·. a security ~ ³Ýíëï³Ñ»ÉÇ μ³Ý/ ÷³é³ßñçÇÏ ÉÇÝ»É, ó÷³é»É. óïñ. ÑÛáõ-
·áñÍ/³ÝÓݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ: ñ³Ë³Õ»ñÇ ·Ý³É. be on the ~ to recovery/fame
risk [risk] v éÇëÏ ³Ý»É, Ëǽ³Ë»É, íï³Ý·Ç ³éáÕç³óÙ³Ý/÷³éùÇ ×³Ý³å³ñÑÇÝ ÉÇÝ»É.
»ÝóñÏí»É. ~ one’s life/neck ÏÛ³ÝùÁ/·ÉáõËÁ have one for the ~ áõջóë ËÙ»É. Get out of
íï³Ý·Ç »ÝóñÏ»É. I can’t ~ failure ºë ã»Ù the ~ ! ¸á°õñë ÏáñÇñ ׳ݳå³ñÑÇó. a men-
ϳñáÕ ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã íï³Ý·Ç »ÝóñÏ»É: ace on the ~ ÷³Ã»ñ³Ï³íáñ Ù³ñ¹ (ÉÇ˳ã) a
riskiness [΄riskinəs] n íï³Ý·³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ: ~ accident ׳ݳå³ñѳÛÇÝ íóñ. ~ safety
risky [΄riski] a éÇëϳÛÇÝ, íï³Ý·³íáñ: »ñè»ÏáõÃÛ³Ý ³Ýíï³Ý·áõÃÛáõÝ. ~ block
risque [΄riskei] adj ϳëϳͻÉÇ: ׳ݳå³ñÑÇ ³ñ·»É³÷³Ïáó. ~ hog
rissole [΄risəul] n ÏáïÉ»ïÇ ï»ë³Ï: »ñè»ÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³ÝáÝÝ»ñÁ ˳ËïáÕ.
rite [rait] n Í»ë. ³ñ³ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. funeral ~s ³ÝÉáõñç, ³ÝËáѻ٠(ùÛ³Éɳ·Ûá½) í³ñáñ¹. ~
ÑáõÕ³ñϳíáñáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñ³ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. signs »ñè»ÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ýß³ÝÝ»ñ ~ way ׳ݳ-
the ~s of hospitality ÑÛáõñÁÝϳÉáõÃÛ³Ý ëáíá- å³ñÑ, ׳ݳå³ñÑÇ ë³É³ñÏí³Í Ù³ëÁ. ~
ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: works ׳ݳå³ñѳÛÇÝ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñ. ~
ritual [΄rit∫uəl] n, a Í»ë, ³ñ³ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, metal ËÇ×, Ë׳ù³ñ. ~side ׳ݳå³ñÑÇ
ÍÇë³Ï³ï³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ÍÇë³Ï³Ý, Í»ëÇ: »½ñ/»½»ñù. ׳ݳå³ñѳٻñÓ. ~ cafe ׳-
rival [΄raivl] n ³ËáÛ³Ý, Ùñó³ÏÇó. é½Ù. ѳ- ݳå³ñѳٻñÓ ëñ׳ñ³Ý/ϳý». ~ screen-
ϳé³Ïáñ¹: ing device (»ñè»ÏáõÃÛ³Ý) ÑëÏÙ³Ý
rival [΄raivl] a ÙñóáÕ, Ùñó³ÏóáÕ. a ~ firm ׳Ù÷»½ñÛ³ ë³ñù»ñ:
ÙñóáÕ ýÇñÙ³. the ~ team Ùñó³ÏÇó ÃÇÙ: road-bed [΄rəudbed] n ׳ݳå³ñÑÇ »ñ»ëù:
rival [΄raivl] v Ùñó»É, Ùñó³Ïó»É. Nobody can roadstead [΄rəudsted] n Íáí. ˳ñë˳ϳ-
~ his strength àã áù ãÇ Ï³ñáÕ Ýñ³ áõÅÇ Ñ»ï Û³Ý:
Ùñó»É£ roadster [΄rəudstə] n Ñ»é³íáñ áõÕ¨áñáõ-
rivalry [΄raivlri] n ÙñóáõÃÛáõÝ, Ùñó³Ïóáõ- ÃÛ³Ý Ï³éù/ѻͳÝÇí/ÓÇ. ÷áñÓí³Í ׳ݳ-
roan 701 role

å³ñÑáñ¹: ϳ½Ù, åݹ³Ï³½Ù. ¹ÇÙ³óÏáõÝ:


roam [rəum] n, v ó÷³éáõÙ, ó÷³é³- rock [rɒk] n ųÛé, ³å³é³Å. »ñÏñμ. ѳÝ-
ßñçáõÙ. ó÷³é»É, ó÷³é³ßñçÇÏáõÃÛ³Ùμ ù³ï»ë³Ï, ѳÝù³å³é. as firm as a ~ ųÛéÇ
½μ³Õí»É: å»ë ³Ùáõñ. whisky on the ~s ËëÏó. ë³éáõÛ-
roan [rəun] n ã³É/˳Ûï³·áñß ÓÇ: óáí íÇëÏÇ. on the ~ ÷Ëμ. ³ÝѳçáÕáõÃÛ³Ý/
roar [rɔ:] n ÙéÝãÛáõÝ, ÙéÝãáó, áéÝáó. the ~ of ͳÝñ ¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç. the R~ æÇμñ³Éóñ: ~
the wind ù³Ùáõ áéÝáó. the ~ of the river/en- climber ųÛé»é Ù³·ÉóáÕ. ~ crystal É»éݳ-
gines ·»ïÇ ³ÕÙáõÏ. Ù»ù»Ý³Ý»ñÇ ¹Õñ¹ÛáõÝ. μÛáõñ»Õ, í³Ý³ÏÝ:
the ~ of the traffic ÷áÕáó³ÛÇÝ »ñè»ÏáõÃÛ³Ý rock [rɒk] v ×á×(í)»É, ûñáñ(í)»É, óÝó(í)»É. ~
ÃݹÛáõÝ. ~ of the laughter/applause ÍÇͳÕÇ/ the cradle ûñáñáóÁ ×á×»É. ~ the child to sleep
ͳ÷»ñÇ åáéÃÏáõÙ. ~ of the storm ÷áÃáñÏÇ »ñ»Ë³ÛÇÝ ûñáñ»Éáí ùÝ»óÝ»É. The waves
áéÝáó: ~ed the boat ܳí³ÏÁ ×á×íáõÙ ¿ñ ³ÉÇùÝ»ñÇ
roar [rɔ:] v ÙéÝã³É, μÕ³í»É. ÷áÃáñÏ»É. The íñ³. The explosion ~ed the house ä³ÛÃÛáõÝÁ
tiger was ~ing ì³·ñÁ ÙéÝãáõÙ ¿ñ. The wind/ óÝó»ó ß»ÝùÁ ~ with laughter ÍÇͳÕÇó
storm ~ed ø³ÙÇÝ áéÝáõÙ ¿ñ. ØññÇÏÁ ÷áÃáñ- óÝóí»É:
ÏáõÙ ¿ñ. ~ with laughter μ³ñÓñ³Ó³ÛÝ ÍÇͳ- rock bottom [‚rɒk΄bɒtəm] n ųÛéÇ
Õ»É, ùñùç³É: ëïáñáï. Prices are at ~ ò³Íñ³·áõÛÝ ·Ý»ñ
roaring [΄rɔ:riŋ] n ÙéÝãÛáõÝ, μÕ³íáó, áéÝáó: »Ý. reach ~ Ñáõë³Ñ³ïáõÃÛ³Ý í»ñçÇÝ ³ë-
roaring [΄rɔ:riŋ] a ³ÕÙϳÉÇ, ϳï³ÕÇ, Ùá- ïÇ׳ÝÇÝ Ñ³ëÝ»É:
É»·ÇÝ. ~ fire μáóÏÉï³óáÕ/ÑáõñÑñ³óáÕ rocker [΄rɒkə] n ×á׳Ãáé, ×á×íáÕ μ³½-
Ïñ³Ï. a ~ success ³ÕÙÏáï ѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ: ~ ϳÃáé. ×á×. ËëÏó. ÙáïáóÇÏÉÇëï:
drunk Ãáõݹ ѳñμ³Í: rocket [΄rɒkit] n ÑñÃÇé. a distress ~ ³½¹³-
roast [rəust]1. n ï³å³Ï³, ï³å³Ï³Í Ý߳ݳÛÇÝ ÑñÃÇé. ~ base/range ÑñÃÇé³ÛÇÝ
Ùë»Õ»Ý. 2. a ï³å³Ï³Í, Ëáñáí³Í, μáí³Í μ³½³/Ññ³Ó·³ñ³Ý:
~ -beef ï³å³Ï³Í ÙÇë: rocket [΄rɒkit] v ÑñÃÇé ³ñӳϻÉ. Ãéã»É, í»ñ
roast [rəust] v ï³å³Ï(í)»É, Ëáñáí(í)»É, ëɳݳÉ. Prices have ~ed ËëÏó. ¶Ý»ñÁ í»ñ¨
μáí(í)»É. ~ coffee ëáõñ× μáí»É. ~ oneself/one’s Ãé³Ý:
feet by the fire Ïñ³ÏÇ Ùáï ï³ù³Ý³É/áïù»- rockfall [΄rɒkfɔ:l] n ó÷íáÕ ù³ñ»ñÇ Ñáëù:
ñÁ ï³ù³óÝ»É: rocking-chair [΄rɒkiŋt∫eə] n ×á׳Ãáé:
roasting-jack [΄rəustiŋdзæk] n ß³Ù÷áõñ, rorcking-horse [΄rɒkiŋhɔ:s] n ×á׳ÓÇ:
ßÇß: rock-oil [΄rɒkɔil] n (³ÝÙß³Ï) ݳíÃ:
rob [rɒb] v óɳݻÉ, ÏáÕáåï»É. ~ a house/ rock-salt [΄rɒksɔ:lt] n ù³ñ³Õ:
shop/bank ïáõÝ/˳ÝáõÃ/μ³ÝÏ Ã³É³Ý»É/Ïá- rocky [΄rɒki] a ųÛéáï, ù³ñù³ñáï. ³Ùáõñ,
Õáåï»É. ~ with violence ÏáÕáåï»É μéÝáõ- ϳñÍñ, ³Ýë³ë³Ý. ³ÝϳÛáõÝ, ˳Ëáõï,
ÃÛáõÝ ·áñͳ¹ñ»Éáí. ~ smb of his inheritance ×á×íáÕ. ~ table ×á×íáÕ/˳Ëáõï ë»Õ³Ý. ~
ųé³Ý·áõÃÛáõÝÇó ½ñÏ»É: health ˳Ëáõï ³éáÕçáõÃÛáõÝ:
robber [΄rɒbə] n ÏáÕáåïÇã, ³í³½³Ï, ·áÕ. rod [rɒd] n ÓáÕ, ×Çåáï. ϳñóÓáÕ. the ~
band of ~s ³í³½³Ï³ËáõÙμ: ×Çåáï³Ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. rule with a ~ of iron
robbery [΄rɒbəri] n ÏáÕáåáõï, óɳÝ. ~ ÷Ëμ. »ñϳÃÛ³ Ó»éùáí ϳé³í³ñ»É:
with violence ÏáÕáåáõï μéÝáõÃÛáõÝ ·áñͳ¹- rodent [΄rəudnt] n ÏñÍáÕ:
ñ»Éáí. It’s sheer/daylight ~ ¸³ å³ñ½³å»ë rodeo [rəu΄diəu] n ùáíμáÛÝ»ñÇ ÓdzÙñóáõ-
Ã³É³Ý ¿ ûñÁ ó»ñ»Ïáí£ ÃÛáõÝ:
robe [rəub] n ɳÛÝ ½·»ëï/ѳ·áõëï. ÃÇÏÝáó, roe I [rəu] n ³ÛÍÛ³Ù, í³ÛñÇ ³ÛÍ:
å³ïÙáõ׳Ý. ³Ù. ˳ɳÃ. the long ~ ¹³- roe II [rəu] n ÓÏÝÏÇÃ:
ï³íáñÇ/÷³ëï³μ³ÝÇ å³ïÙáõ׳Ý. the rogue [rəug] n ˳μ»μ³, ˳ñ¹³Ë. play the ~
mayor’s ~ ù³Õ³ù³·ÉËÇ/Ù»ñÇ å³ïÙáõ׳Ý: ÏïÏ. ã³ñ³××ÇáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É:
robin [΄rɒbin] n ßÇϳѳí, Ùáñ³Ñ³í: roguery [΄rəugəri] n ˳ñ¹³ËáõÃÛáõÝ, ëñÇ-
robot [΄rəubɒt] n Ù³ñ¹-Ù»ù»Ý³, éáμáï: ϳÛáõÃÛáõÝ:
robust [rəu΄bΛst] a ³éáÕç, áõÅ»Õ. ³Ùñ³- roguish [΄rəugi∫] a ëñÇÏ³Û³Ï³Ý Ñ³ÏáõÙÝ»ñ
roll 702 room

áõÝ»óáÕ. with a ~ smile Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏ ÅåÇïáí: ·Éáñ, ·ÉáñíáÕ ù³ñ. A ~ gathers no moss
role [rəul] n óïñ. ¹»ñ. å³ßïáÝ, å³ñï³- ¶ÉáñíáÕ ù³ñÁ Ù³Ùáõé ãÇ μéÝÇ, ³÷³éáÕ
ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ. leading/supporting/title ~ ·É˳- Ù³ñ¹Á μ³ñÇù ãÇ ¹Ç½Ç:
íáñ/»ñÏñáñ¹³Ï³Ý ¹»ñ. ³Ýí³Ý³¹»ñ£ roly-poly [‚rəuli΄pəuli]1. n Ùáõñ³μ³Ûáí
roll [rəul] n ÃÕó·É³Ý, ·É³Ý³÷³Ã»Ã. Ãá÷. ϳñϳݹ³Ï. 2. a ÃÙμÉÇÏ, ·ÇñáõÏ£
å³ëï³éÇ/ÉÇÝáÉ»áõÙÇ ·É³Ý³÷³Ã»Ã. Roman [΄rəumən] n ÑéáÙ»³óÇ, ϳÃáÉÇÏ. ~
Çñ³í. ¹³ï³Ï³Ý ³ñӳݳ·ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³Ù- Catholic church ÐéáÙ»³Ï³Ý ϳÃáÉÇÏ »Ï»Õ»-
÷á÷³·Çñ/óáõó³Ï. a ~ of film ųå³í»ÝÇ óÇ. ~ (civil ) law ÑéáÙ»³Ï³Ý (ù³Õ³ù³ódz-
ϳÅ. ~s of fat ׳ñåÇ Í³Éù»ñ. ~ of bread ϳÝ) Çñ³íáõÝù:
μáõÉÏÇ. (óáõó³Ï) electoral ~ ÁÝïñ³Ï³Ý óáõ- Romance I [rəu΄mæns]1. n éáٳݳϳÝ
ó³Ï. call the ~ ³Ýí³Ý³Ï³Ýã ϳï³ñ»É. ~ É»½áõÝ»ñ 2. a éáٳݳϳÝ:
ûf honour ½áÑí³ÍÝ»ñÇ óáõó³Ï. (áñáï, romance II [rəu΄mæns]1. n ³ëå»ï³Ï³Ý
׳ÛÃÛáõÝ) a ~ of a thunder ³ÙåñáåÇ áñáï. a í»å. í»å. »ñÅß. éáÙ³Ýë, ëÇñ»ñ·. a histori-
~ on the drums ÃÙμáõÏÇ áñáï. (×á×áõÙ) the ~ cal ~ å³ïÙ³Ï³Ý í»å. (ëÇñ³í»å, éáÙ³Ý-
of a ship ݳíÇ ×á×áõÙÁ. a ~ on the grass ïÇÏ å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ) They are having a ~
óí³ÉáõÙ ËáïÇ íñ³: Üñ³Ýó Ùáï ëÇñ³í»å ¿. an air of ~ éáÙ³Ý-
roll [rəul] v ·Éáñ(í)»É, óí³É(í)»É. ·ñïݳ- ïÇÏ ï»ëù. 2. v ã³÷³½³ÝóÝ»É, ·áõݳ½³ñ-
Ï»É. ~ a ball in the yard μ³ÏáõÙ ·Ý¹³Ï ·Éá- ¹»É. He’s just ~ing ܳ å³ñ½³å»ë ÑݳñáõÙ
ñ»É. ~ the pastry ËÙáñÁ ·ñïݳϻÉ. ~ metal ¿:
Ù»ï³ÕÁ ·É³Ý»É. ~ a road/lawn ·É³Ñ³ñÃ»É romantic [rəu΄mæntik]1. n éáÙ³ÝïÇÏ.
׳ݳå³ñÑÁ/Ù³ñ·³·»ïÇÝÁ. ~ a cigarette »ñ³½áÕ ³ÝÓ. 2. a éáÙ³ÝïÇÏ ~ literature
·É³Ý³Ï ÷³Ã³Ã»É. ~ wool into a ball μáõñ¹Á/ éáÙ³ÝïÇÏ ·ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ setting/girl
ûÉÁ/ÏÍÏ»É. ~ an umbrella Ñáí³ÝáóÁ ͳɻÉ. éáÙ³ÝïÇÏ ÙÇç³í³Ûñ/³ÕçÇÏ£
~ on the grass ϳݳãÇ íñ³ ·Éáñí»É/óí³É- romp [rɒmp]1. n ³ÕÙÏáï ˳Õ. ³ÕÙáõÏ,
í». ~ from side to side ÏáÕùÇó ÏáÕù ×á×í»É. ß÷áÃ. 2. v ³ÕÙÏáí ˳ճÉ. Ãéã»É, ÃéãÏá-
(áñáï³É) The thunder ~ed ²ÙåñáåÁ áñá- ï»É. He ~ed through the test лßïáõÃÛ³Ùμ
ï³ó. ~ away óí³É·Éáñ Ñ»é³Ý³É ~ back ѳÝÓÝ»ó ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ:
Ñ»ï ·Éáñí»É/ͳɻÉ. ~ one’s sleeves back rompers [΄rɒmpəz] n Ù³ÝÏ³Ï³Ý ÏáÙμÇÝ»-
èù»ñÁ Ñ»ï ͳɻÉ. ~ down Ý»ñù¨ ·Éáñ/í/»É. ½áÝ:
~ out ·ñïݳϻÉ. ~ out of bed Ù³Ñ׳ϳÉÇó roof [ru:f] n ï³ÝÇù, Ïïáõñ, ͳÍÏ curb/ter-
·Éáñí»É. ~ over ßáõé ·³É. The car ~ed over raced/flat ~ »ñÏûù/ï³÷³Ï Ïïáõñ. slate/
Ø»ù»Ý³Ý ßáõé »Ï³í. ~ under ï³ÏÁ ·Éáñí»É. tiled/straw/shingle ~ ûñóù³ñ»/ÏÕÙÇݹ-
~ under the chair ³ÃáéÇ ï³Ï ·Éáñí»É: ñ»/ÍÕáï»/ϳí³ñÇ, μ³Õ¹³¹Ç Ïïáõñ. under
roll-call [΄rəulkɔ:l] n ³Ýí³Ý³Ï³Ýã, ³ÝáõÝ one’s ~ Çñ ѳñÏÇ ï³Ï. the ~ of the mouth
³é ³ÝáõÝ Ï³Ýã»ÉÁ. ~ voting ³Ýí³Ý³Ï³Ý ùÇÙù:
ùí»³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ: roofer [΄ru:fə] n ï³ÝÇù³·áñÍ, Ïïáõñ ͳÍ-
roll-collar [΄rəul‚kɒlə] n ͳÉáíÇ ûÓÇù: ÏáÕ:
roller [΄rəulə] n ·É³ÝÇÏ ³Ýí³Ï. í³ñ볷ɳ- roofing [΄ru:fiŋ] n ï³ÝÇù, ͳÍÏ. ï³ÝÇùÁ
ݳÏ. (Íáí³÷ÝÛ³) ³É»ÏáÍáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ÉÇù. ͳÍÏ»Éáõ ßÇݳÝÛáõÃ. ï³ÝÇù³ÛÇÝ/ͳÍÏÇ
hair ~s í³ñë³÷³ÃÃáõÏ (μÇ·áõ¹Ç): ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñ:
roller-skate [΄rəuləskeit] n ³Ýí³ãÙáõßÏ. go roofless [΄ru:fləs] a ³é³Ýó Ïïáõñ/ï³ÝÇùÇ.
~ing ³Ýí³ãÙáõßÏÝ»ñáí ë³Ñ»É: Ïïáõñ/ï³ÝÇù ãáõÝ»óáÕ (ݳ¨ ÷Ëμ.):
roller-towel [΄rəulə‚tauəl] n ·É³Ý³ÏÇ íñ³ rook I [ruk] n ßËÙ. ݳí³Ï:
åïïíáÕ ëñμÇã: rook II [ruk] 1. n ë»ñÙݳ·é³í. ˳ñ¹³Ë,
rolling [΄rəuliŋ] n μÉñ³ß³ï, ×á׳Ýù. ~ ˳μ»μ³. ˳ճݻݷ. 2. v ËëÏó. ˳μ»É,
countryside μÉñ³ß³ï ï»Õ³Ýù. ~ mill ï»Ë. ˳ñ¹³ËáõÃÛáõÝ/˳ճݻݷáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É:
·É³Ý³Ñ³ëïáó. ~ pin ·ñïݳÏ. ~ stock room [ru:m] n ë»ÝÛ³Ï. ѳٳñ (ÑÛáõñ³Ýá-
»ñÏÃ. ß³ñųϳ½Ù£ óáõÙ). gloomy/well-furnished/untidy ~ Ùé³ÛÉ,
rolling stone [΄rəuliŋstəun] n ÷Ëμ. ¹³ßï³- ɳí ϳѳíáñí³Í/÷ÝÃÇ ë»ÝÛ³Ï. a single/
roommate 703 roster

double ~ Ù»Ï/»ñÏáõ ï»Õ³Ýáó ѳٳñ. re- ³Ý»É. The trees have ~ed well ̳é»ñÁ ɳí
freshment ~ μáõý»ï. consulting ~ μÅßÏÇ Ï³- Ïå»É »Ý/³ñÙ³ï³Ï³É»É »Ý. ~ around
μÇÝ»ï. ~ and board expenses μݳÏí»Éáõ ¨ ùñùñ»É, ÷Ýïñï»É (¹³ñ³ÏáõÙ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ). stand
ëÝÝ¹Ç Í³Ëë»ñ (å³ÝëÇáÝ³ï ¨ ³ÛÉÝ). wait- ~ed Ù»Ëí³Í/ù³ñ Ïïñ³Í ϳݷݻÉ:
ing ~ μÅßÏÇ Áݹáõݳñ³Ý. ëå³ë³ëñ³Ñ. rooted [΄ru:tid] a ³ñÙ³ï³ó³Í, ϳÛáõÝ,
ladies’/men’s ~ ϳݳóÇ/ïÕ³Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó ë»Ý- ѳëï³ïáõÝ:
Û³Ï/½áõ·³ñ³Ý. operating ~ íÇñ³Ñ³ï³- rootless [΄ru:tləs] a ³ñÙ³ï ãáõÝ»óáÕ:
ñ³Ý. reception ~ Áݹáõݳñ³Ý. ÁݹáõÝ»Éáõ- rootlessness [΄ru:tləsnəs] n ³ñÙ³ïÝ»ñÇ
ÃÛ³Ý ë»ÝÛ³Ï. state ~ ÉÛáõùë ݳí³ë»ÝÛ³Ï. μ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ. ³ÝÑÇÙݳíáñnõÃÛáõÝ:
share a ~ ÝáõÛÝ ë»ÝÛ³ÏáõÙ ³åñ»É. do one’s ~ rootlet [΄ru:tlit] n ³ñÙ³ïÇÏ:
ë»ÝÛ³ÏÁ ѳí³ù»É. (ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, ï»Õ) rooty [΄ru:ti] a μ³½Ù³ñÙ³ï:
make ~ ï»Õ μ³ó»É/ï³É. ~ service ë»ÝÛ³Ï- rope [rəup] n å³ñ³Ý, ÃáÏ, ×áå³Ý. (ß³ñ³Ý,
Ý»ñÇ ëå³ë³ñÏáõÙ (ÑÛáõñ³ÝáóáõÙ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ). ϳåáõÏ) a ~ of pearls Ù³ñ·³ñï³ß³ñ³Ý. a
take up much ~ ß³ï ï»Õ ·ñ³í»É. There is no ~ of onions ëáËÇ Ï³åáõÏ. give a ~ ÷Ëμ. ³-
~ î»Õ ãϳ. There is still ~ for doubt (²ÛÝáõ³- ½³ïáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É (·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ).
ٻݳÛÝÇí) ϳëϳͻÉáõ ÑÇÙù»ñ ϳÝ. leave show the ~s ·áñÍ»ñÇ ÁÝóóùÇÝ Í³Ýáóó-
no ~ ï»Õ ãÃáÕÝ»É. There is always ~ for im- Ý»É. ~ ladder å³ñ³Ý» ³ëïÇ׳Ý, ÃáÏ» ë³Ý-
provement ¼³ñ·³óÙ³Ý/³é³ç˳ճóÙ³Ý ¹áõÕù. ~ dancer/walker ɳñ³Ë³Õ³ó. ~ way
ï»Õ (μ³ñ»É³í»Éáõ/ϳï³ñ»É³·áñÍ»Éáõ ×áå³ÝáõÕÇ. be at the end of one’s ~ áõų-
Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ) ÙÇßï ϳ£ ëå³é ÉÇÝ»É, μáÉáñ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ
roommate [΄ru:mmeit] n ÙǨÝáõÛÝ ë»ÝÛ³- ëå³é»É. on the high ~ ɳí ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý
ÏáõÙ μݳÏíáÕ: Ù»ç:
roomer [΄ru:mə] n μݳÏÇã, Ï»Ýíáñ: rope [rəup] v ÃáÏáí/å³ñ³Ýáí ϳå»É/³Ù-
roominess [΄ru:minəs] n Ù»Í ï³ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ñ³óÝ»É. ~ the sacks together ïáåñ³ÏÝ»ñÝ
Áݹ³ñÓ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ: Çñ³ñ ϳå»É. The climbers were ~d ijÛé»ñ
rooming-house [΄ru:miŋhaus] n ³Ù. ϳ- Ù³·ÉóáÕÝ»ñÁ ÙÇÙÛ³Ýó Ñ»ï ϳåí³Í »Ý
ѳíáñí³Í ë»ÝÛ³ÏÝ»ñ (í³ñÓáõ ïñíáÕ): å³ñ³Ýáí. ~ off å³ñ³Ýáí ßñç³÷³Ï»É/û-
roomy [΄ru:mi] a Áݹ³ñÓ³Ï, ï³ñáÕáõݳÏ. ճϻÉ:
a ~ handbag ï³ñáÕáõÝ³Ï å³Ûáõë³Ï/ïáå- ropey [΄rəupi] a ËëÏó. ÑÇÝ, ³Ýå»ïù:
ñ³Ï. a ~ flat Áݹ³ñÓ³Ï μݳϳñ³Ý: ropy [΄rəupi] a óÝÓñ, ÏåãáõÝ, Ù³ÍáõóÇÏ:
roost [ru:st] n óé. Hens are at ~ гí»ñÁ rosary [΄rəuzəri] n ï»ñáÕáñÙÛ³, ѳÙñÇã.
óéÇ íñ³ »Ý. ÷Ëμ., ËëÏó. ³ÝÏáÕÝáõÙ£ í³ñ¹³ëï³Ý, í³ñ¹Ç ͳÕϳÝáó:
roost [ru:st] v óé»É. Birds ~ in that tree rose [rəuz] n í³ñ¹. í³ñ¹Ç Ãáõ÷. í³ñ¹Ç
ÂéãáõÝÝ»ñÁ ³Û¹ ͳéÇÝ »Ý ÝëïáõÙ: ·áõÛÝ. ~ bud í³ñ¹Ç ÏáÏáÝ. ~ leaf í³ñ¹Ç
rooster [΄ru:stə] n ³ù³Õ³Õ, ³ùÉáñ: ï»ñ¨. ~ tree í³ñ¹Ç Ãáõ÷. wild ~ Ù³ëáõñ. a
root [ru:t] n ³ñÙ³ï. strike/take ~s ³ñÙ³ï- ~ garden í³ñ¹³ëï³Ý, í³ñ¹»ñÇ å³ñ﻽.
Ý»ñ ·ó»É. ÷Ëμ. ³ñÙ³ï³íáñí»É. ÷Ëμ. Life is not a bed of ~s ÎÛ³ÝùÁ ÉÇ ¿ μ³ñ¹áõ-
å³ï׳é, ëϽμݳÕμÛáõñ. the ~s of the matter ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí. ~ coloured í³ñ¹³·áõÛÝ. ~
·áñÍÇ ¿áõÃÛáõÝÁ. square/cube ~ Ù³Ã. ù³é³- coloured spectacles ÷Ëμ. í³ñ¹³·áõÛÝ ³Ï-
ÏáõëÇ/Ëáñ³Ý³ñ¹ ³ñÙ³ï. with deep ~s Ëáñ Ýáó:
³ñÙ³ïÝ»ñ áõÝ»óáÕ. pull up by the ~s ³ñ- rosemary [΄rəuzməri] n μëμ. ËÝÏáõÝÇ, ѳ½-
Ù³ï³ËÇÉ ³Ý»É. the ~ of all evil μáÉáñ ã³- ñ»í³ñ¹:
ñÇùÝ»ñÇ ³ñÙ³ïÁ. to the ~s of the hair ÙÇÝ㨠roseola [rəu΄zi:ələ] n μÅßÏ. ϳñÙñ³Ëï:
Ù³½»ñÇ ³ñÙ³ïÝ»ñÁ. His ~s are in Scotland rosette [rəu΄zet] n í³ñ¹³Ý³Ëß, í³ñ¹³-
ܳ ͳ·áõÙáí ßáïɳݹ³óÇ ¿. ~s ³ñÙ³- ù³Ý¹³Ï:
ï³åïáõÕÝ»ñ. ~ cause ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý å³ï- rose-water [΄rəuz‚wɔ:tə] n í³ñ¹³çáõñ:
׳é: rosewood [΄rəuzwud] n í³ñ¹³÷³Ûï, å³-
root [ru:t] v ³ñÙ³ï ·ó»É. ٻ˻É, ·³Ù»É. ~ ÉÇë³Ý¹ñÇ ÷³Ûï:
out/up ³ñÙ³ïáí ѳݻÉ, ³ñÙ³ï³ËÇÉ rosin [΄rɒzin] n 쨻Ïݳ˻Å. ÏáÉá÷áÝ.
rostrum 704 round

·ñ³Ýó³Ù³ïÛ³Ý: Ïáï, áõÅ·ÇÝ) a ~ crossing íï³Ý·³íáñ ·»-


roster [΄rəustə] n Ñ»ñóå³ÑáõÃÛ³Ý óáõó³Ï: ï³Ýó. ~ sea ÷áÃáñÏáï Íáí. ~ weather/cli-
rostrum [΄rɒstrəm] n ³ÙμÇáÝ, ׳é³μ»Ù. mate ù³Ùáï/³ÝÓñ¨áï »Õ³Ý³Ï. Ëëï³-
ݳí³óéáõÏ: ßáõÝã ÏÉÇÙ³. a ~ translation ³ÝÙß³Ï/ãËÙμ³-
rosy [΄rəuzi] a í³ñ¹³·áõÛÝ. ÷Ëμ. ÷ÃÃáõÝ, ·ñí³Í óñ·Ù³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ draft/sketch
ͳÕϳ÷ÃÇÃ. ~ cheeks í³ñ¹³·áõÛÝ ³Ûï»ñ. 먳·Çñ ¿ëùǽ. in ~ outline ÁݹѳÝáõñ ·Í»-
The future looks ~ ÷Ëμ. ²å³·³Ý í³é ¿ ñáí. a ~ idea Ùáï³íáñ å³ïÏ»ñ³óáõÙ. a ~
ÃíáõÙ: estimate Ùáï³íáñ ѳßí³ñÏ:
rot [rɒt] n ÷ïáõÙ, Ý»ËáõÙ. dry ~ ãáñ ÷ïáõÙ. rough [rΛf] v 먳·Çñ ³Ý»É. ÁݹѳÝáõñ
stop the ~ ÷Ëμ. ϳñ· áõ ϳÝáÝ Ñ³ëï³ï»É. ·Í»ñáí ϳï³ñ»É. ~ out a plan 먳·Çñ
ËëÏó. ³ÝѻûÃáõÃÛáõÝ, ÑÇÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ What åÉ³Ý áõñí³·Í»É. ~ it ³é³Ýó ѳñÙ³ñáõ-
~ ! Æ°Ýã ³ÝѻûÃáõÃÛáõÝ. Don’t talk ~ ¸³- ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ûáɳ ·Ý³É:
ï³ñÏ-¹³ï³ñÏ ÙÇ° ËáëÇñ: rough-cast [΄rΛfka:st] n ÏáåÇï/Ïáßï Í»÷.
rot [rɒt] v ÷ï»É, Ñáï»É, ݻ˻É, ÷ã³Ý³É. a ~ wall Ïáßï Í»÷í³Í å³ï:
~ting apples ÷ïáÕ ËÝÓáñÝ»ñ. ~ away Ïáñ- rough and ready [‚rΛfn΄redi] a a ~ manner
ͳÝí»É: ÙÇ Ï»ñå/ÏÇë³ï-åé³ï ³ñí³Í. ~ methods
rotary [΄rəutəri] a åïáõï³Ï³Ý: ÏáåÇï ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ:
rotate [rəu΄teit] v åïï(í)»É, Ñ»ñó÷áË- roughen [΄rΛfn] v Ïáåï³Ý³É, Ïáåï³óÝ»É.
(í)»É: ³ÝѳñÃ/Ëáñ¹áõμáñ¹ ¹³éݳÉ:
rotation [rəu΄tei∫n] n åïáõÛï, åïïáõÙ. roughly [΄rΛfli] adv Ïáåïáñ»Ý.
Ñ»ñó·³ÛáõÙ, Ñ»ñó·³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ. strict ~ rough-neck [΄rΛfnek] n ËáõÉÇ·³Ý:
ËÇëï Ñ»ñó·³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ: rough-shod [΄rΛf∫ɒd] a ë»å»ñáí å³Ûï³Í.
rote [rəut] n by ~ ³Ý·Çñ, μ»ñ³Ý³óÇ: ËëÏó. ride ~ over μéݳݳÉ, μéݳϳÉáõÃÛáõÝ
rotor [΄rəutə] n ٻ˳ÝǽÙÇ åïïíáÕ Ù³ëÁ: ³Ý»É:
rotten [΄rɒtn] a ÷ï³Í, ݻ˳Í. ~ eggs rough-spoken [‚rΛf΄spəukən] a ÏáåÇï
Ñáï³Í Óí»ñ. The wood smells ~ ̳éÇó Ý»- (Ëáëù). be ~ ËÇëï ÏáåÇï ÉÇÝ»É:
Ë³Í Ñáï ¿ ·³ÉÇë. (ëïáñ, ³Ý³½ÝÇí) ~ ad- round [raund] n ßñç³Ý, ßñç³Ý³·ÇÍ. ÏÉáñ
ministration ͳËí³Í ջϳí³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. feel Ïïáñ. ßáõñçå³ñ. a ~ of sausage/bread »ñ-
~ ËëÏó. Çñ»Ý ß³ï í³ï ½·³É. a ~ trick ßÇÏÇ/ѳóÇ ÏÉáñ Ïïáñ. (÷³Ù÷áõßï) six ~s
½½í»ÉÇ Ï³ï³Ï. a ~ film ³Ýå»ïù ýÇÉÙ. ~ of ammunition í»ó ÷³Ù÷áõßï/·Ý¹³Ï Ïñ³-
luck ³ÝÇÍÛ³É ³ÝѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ: Ï»É. (ßñç³·³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ) doctor’s/postman’s/
rotter [΄rɒtə] n ËëÏó. ³Ýå»ïù/ëïáñ Ù³ñ¹: watchman’s ~ μÅßÏÇ ßñçáõÙ. ÷áëï³ï³ñÇ/
rotund [rəu΄tΛnd] a ÏÉáñ, μáÉáñ³Ï. ÏÉáñÇÏ, å³ñ»ÏÇ ßñç³·³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ. go/make the ~
·»ñ, ÃÙμÉÇÏ: ßñç»É, ßñç³·³Û»É. (ßñç³Ý, ÷áõÉ) the first ~
rouble [΄ru:bl] n éáõμÉÇ: of negotiations μ³Ý³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ³é³çÇÝ
rouge [ru:з] n ϳñÙÇñ ßå³ñ, ßñÃÝ»ñÏ: ÷áõÉ. the next ~ of elections ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ
rough [rΛf] n ÏáåïáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ÝÙß³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ѳçáñ¹ ÷áõÉÁ. ~ of cheers/applause ͳ÷³-
in the ~ ³Ý³í³ñï/³ÝÙß³Ï íÇ׳ÏáõÙ: ѳñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ åáéÃÏáõÙ. ~ of pleasures
rough [rΛf] a ÏáåÇï, ³ÝѳñÃ. ~ voice/ Ñ³Ù³Ï Ñ³×áõÛù. daily ~s ³Ù»ÝûñÛ³ ·áñ-
reply/joke ÏáåÇï/Ó³ÛÝ/ϳï³Ï. ~ ground Í»ñ/å³ñï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. Ùñ½. ÁÙμß³-
³ÝѳñÃ/Ëáñ¹áõμáñ¹ ÑáÕ/·»ïÇÝ. a ~ edge Ù³ñï-é³áõݹ, ·áÉý-˳Õ. the second ~
Ëáñ¹áõμáñ¹ »½»ñù. a ~ surface Ëáñ¹áõμáñ¹/ »ñÏñáñ¹ ÷áõÉÁ:
Ïïñïí³Í ٳϻñ»ë. ~ skin Ïáßï/ÏáåÇï round [raund] a ÏÉáñ, ßñç³Ý³Ó¨. ~ table/
Ù³ßÏ. ~ cloth ÏáåÇï ·áñÍí³Íù. a ~ dia- face/hat/moon ÏÉáñ ë»Õ³Ý/¹»Ùù/·É˳ñÏ.
mond ³ÝÙß³Ï ³¹³Ù³Ý¹. a ~ play ÏáåÇï ÉdzÉáõëÇÝ. a ~ figure ³ÙμáÕç ÃÇí. at a ~ pace
˳Õ. ~ boys ÏáåÇï/³Ýï³ß ïճݻñ. ~ ³ñ³·. a ~ trip ïáõñÇëï³Ï³Ý ßñç³·³Ûáõ-
wine ïïÇå ·ÇÝÇ. ~ work ³ß˳ï³ï³ñ/ ÃÛáõÝ. a ~ ticket ïáõñÇëï³Ï³Ý áõÕ»·Çñ. in
ͳÝñ ³ß˳ï³Ýù. ~ time ͳÝñ ųٳݳÏ- ~ terms ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ/ßÇï³Ï Ó¨áí:
Ý»ñ. ~ luck ³ÝѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. (÷áÃáñ- round [raund] adv ßáõñçÁ, μáÉáñ ÏáÕÙ»ñÇó.
round 705 row

~ about ßáõñçÝ áõ Ùáï»ñùÁ. for a mile ~ ÙÇ cheers μáõéÝ áÕçáõÛÝÝ»ñ/ͳ÷³Ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ-


ÙÕáÝ ß³é³íÇÕáí. all the year ~ ÏÉáñ ï³ñÇÝ. Ý»ñ:
~ here Ùáï»ñùáõÙ. We shall be ~ here Ø»Ýù rout I [raut] 1. n ç³Ëç³ËáõÙ, å³ñïáõ-
Ùáï»ñùáõÙ ÏÉÇÝ»Ýù. go ~ (ËÙμÇ ³Ý¹³Ù- ÃÛáõÝ. Ëáõ׳å³Ñ³ñ ÷³Ëáõëï. put to ~
Ý»ñÇÝ) μáÉáñÇÝ ßñç»Éáí μ³Å³Ý»É. hand ~ ç³Ëç³Ë»É. 2. v é½Ù. ·ÉËáíÇÝ ç³ñ¹»É. ÷³-
cups of tea ûÛÇ ·³í³ÃÝ»ñ ÷á˳Ýó»É/μ³- ËáõëïÇ »ÝóñÏ»É:
ųݻÉ: rout II [raut] n μ³ñÓñ³ß˳ñÑÇÏ Ññ³í»ñ/
round [raund] prep ßáõñçÁ. ~ the house ï³Ý ÁݹáõÝ»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ. é³áõï. ˳éݳÅáÕáí,
ßáõñçÁ. ~ the world ³ß˳ñÑÇ ßáõñçÁ. sit ~ ˳éݳÙμáËÇ Ïáõï³ÏáõÙ:
the fire Ïñ³ÏÇ ßáõñçÁ Ýëï»É. walk ~ the mu- route [ru:t] n »ñÃáõÕÇ, áõÕÇ, ÁÝóóù. in ~
seum óݷ³ñ³ÝáõÙ ßñç»É. ~ the clock 24 ׳ݳå³ñÑÇÝ. ~ chart ãí³óáõó³Ï. bus ~
ų٠߳ñáõݳÏ. ~ the corner ³ÝÏÛ³Ý ³íïáμáõëÇ »ñÃáõÕÇ. shipping ~s Íáí³ÛÇÝ
»ï¨áõÙ. look ~ the room ë»ÝÛ³ÏÁ ëïáõ·»É. áõÕÇÝ»ñ. ~ map »ñÃáõÕ³ÛÇÝ ù³ñ﻽:
It’s ~ 2 o’clock Øáï³íáñ³å»ë Å 2-Ý ¿. He is routine [‚ru:΄ti:n] n ë³ÑÙ³Ýí³Í ϳñ·,
~ forty ܳ Ùáï 40 ï³ñ»Ï³Ý ¿: áñáß³ÏÇ é»ÅÇÙ. ϳճå³ñí³Í ÏÛ³Ýù,
round [raund] v ÏÉáñ³óÝ»É. ³í³ñï»É, ³Ù- ß³μÉáÝ. ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý, ëáíáñ³ÙáÉáõÃÛáõÝ.
÷á÷»É. åïáõÛï ·áñÍ»É. ßñç³·³Û»É. ~ one’s daily ~ oñí³ ë³ÑÙ³Ýí³Í ϳñ·Á. hospital
lips μ»ñ³ÝÁ ÏÉáñ³óÝ»É. ~ a corner ³ÝÏÛ³Ý ~ ÑÇí³Ý¹³Ýáó³ÛÇÝ é»ÅÇÙ. as a matter
Ñ»ï¨Ý ³ÝóÝ»É/ûùí»É. ~ the headland of ~ áñå»ë ÁݹáõÝí³Í ϳñ·. There is a
Ññí³Ý¹³ÝÁ ßñç³Ýó»É. ~ off a sentence lot of ~ in every job ²Ù»Ý ³ß˳ï³Ýù
³í³ñï»É ݳ˳¹³ëáõÃÛáõÝÁ. ~ up an áõÝÇ Çñ ϳճå³ñí³Í Ó¨Á/ß³μÉáÝÁ.
amount ·áõÙ³ñÁ ÏÉáñ³óÝ»É: be slave to ~ ë³ÑÙ³Ýí³Í ϳñ·Ç ·»ñÇ
roundabout [΄raundəbaut] 1. n ÏáÕÙݳÏÇ/ ÉÇÝ»É.
ßñç³ÝóÇÏ ×³Ý³å³ñÑ. ϳñáõë»É. 2. a routine [‚ru:΄ti:n] a ë³ÑÙ³Ýí³Í, ëáíáñ³-
ßñç³ÝóÇÏ, ÏáÕÙݳÏÇ. learn in a ~ way ÏáÕÙ- ϳÝ. a ~ job ß³μÉáÝ ³ß˳ï³Ýù. ~ inquiries
ݳÏÇ ×³Ý³å³ñÑáí ÇٳݳÉ. 3. adv ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý Ñ»ï³ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ check
Ùáï³íáñ³å»ë: ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý ëïáõ·áõÙ:
rounded [΄raundid] ÏÉáñ³óñ³Í: rove [rəuv] v ó÷³é»É, ßñç»É. ׳ݳå³ñ-
roundelay [΄raundəlei] n ÏñÏÝ»ñ·áí ϳñ× Ñáñ¹»É:
»ñ·. ßáõñçå³ñ: rover [΄rəuvə] n ó÷³é³Ï³Ý, ó÷³é³-
round-house [΄raundhaus] n ³Ù. ßá·»ù³ñ- ßñçÇÏ. áõÕ¨áñ, ׳Ù÷áñ¹. Íáí³Ñ»Ý:
ß³ÛÇÝ ¹»åá: roving [΄rəuviŋ] a ó÷³éáÕ. ßñçáÕ, ßñçÇÏ.
roundish [΄raundi∫] a ßñç³Ý³Ï³Ó¨, ÏÉáñ³- a ~ correspondent ßñçÇÏ ÃÕóÏÇó (׳Ù÷áñ-
íáõÝ: ¹áÕ). a ~ ambassador ѳïáõÏ Ñ³ÝÓݳñ³-
roundly [΄raundli] adv ³ÙμáÕçáíÇÝ, ÉÇáíÇÝ. ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¹»ëå³Ý. a ~ eye ËëÏó. ßáé
áõÕÕ³ÏÇ, ëáõñ Ï»ñåáí: ³ãù:
round shouldered [‚raund΄∫əuldəd] a Ïá- row I [rəu] n ß³ñù, ϳñ·. in the front/back ~
ñ³ó³Í, Ïáõ½ÇϳíáõÝ: ³é³çÇÝ/í»ñçÇÝ Ï³ñ·áõÙ. ~ upon ~ ß³ñù
round-up [΄raundΛp] n ѳݹÇåáõÙ, ѳ- ß³ñùÇ Ñ»ï¨Çó. sit in a ~ ß³ñùáí Ýëï»É.
í³ù. ßáõñçϳÉ. ÷³ñ³Ë: three days in a ~ »ñ»ù ûñ Çñ³ñ Ñ»ï¨Çó:
rouse [rauz] v ³ñÃݳóÝ»É, ½³ñÃÝ»óÝ»É. row II [rəu] n ³ÕÙáõÏ. í»×, íÇ׳μ³Ýáõ-
·ñ·é»É, ¹ñ¹»É, μáñμáù»É. ~ from sleep ùÝÇó ÃÛáõÝ. What’s all this ~ about? ê³ Ç±Ýã ³ÕÙáõÏ
³ñÃݳóÝ»É. ~ smb to action ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛ³Ý ¿. I can’t work with that ~ â»Ù ϳñáÕ
¹ñ¹»É. ~ smb’s interest Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝ ³ß˳ï»É ³Û¹åÇëÇ ³ÕÙáõÏÇ ï³Ï. kick up
³é³ç³óÝ»É. ~ oneself ëó÷í»É, Çñ»Ý a ~ ËëÏó. ³ÕÙáõÏ μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É. (í»×) have
ó÷ ï³É. when he is ~ed »ñμ ݳ μáñ- a ~ aboët íÇ×»É áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. give a ~
μáùí³Í ¿: for áõ߳ݳÉáõ ѳٳñ ѳݹÇٳݻÉ. They
rousing [΄rauziŋ] a á·¨áñÇã, μáñμáùÇã. had a dreadful ~ Üñ³Ýù ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ
a ~ speech/song á·»ßÝãí³Í ׳é/»ñ·. ~ íÇ׳μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»ó³Ý:
rowan 706 rudeness

row [rəu] v Ãdzí³ñ»É, ݳí³Ïáí ÷á˳¹- rub-a-dub [‚rΛbə΄dΛb] n ÃÙμϳѳñáõ-


ñ»É. ~ smb across a river ݳí³Ïáí ÷á˳¹- ÃÛáõÝ:
ñ»É ·»ïÇ ÙÛáõë ³÷Á. ~ against the current Ñá- rubber [΄rΛbə] n é»ïÇÝ. 黽ÇÝ. ϳáõãáõÏ
ë³ÝùÇÝ ¹»Ù Ãdzí³ñ»É. ~ for the shore ¹»åÇ (ÑáõÙ ÝÛáõÃ). ~s ÏñÏݳÏáßÇÏ. foam ~ åáñá-
³÷ Ãdzí³ñ»É. ~ for Cambridge Ãdz- ÉáÝ:
í³ñÙ³Ý ÙñóáõÛÃÇÝ ø»ÙμñÇçÁ Ý»ñϳ- rubber [΄rΛbə] a é»ïÇÝ» (黽ÇÝ»). a ~ band
Û³óÝ»É: é»ïÇÝ» »ñǽ/ųå³í»Ý. a ~ stamp ÏÝÇù.
rowan [΄rəuən] n ³ñáë»ÝÇ: Í»Íí³Í ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ plantation
row-boat [΄rəubəut] n Ãdzݳí³Ï: ϳáõãáõÏÇ åɳÝï³ódz:
rowdy [΄raudi] n Ïéí³ñ³ñ/ÏáåÇï/·é»ÑÇÏ rubberized [΄rΛbəraizd] a é»ïÇݳå³ï,
Ù³ñ¹. ËáõÉÇ·³Ý: é»ïÇݳóí³Í:
rowdy [΄raudi] a ³ÕÙÏáï, ÏáåÇï, í³ÛñÇ. a rubberneck [΄rΛbənek] n ÏïÏ. ½μáë³-
~ meeting ³ÕÙÏáï ÅáÕáí. a ~ party Ë»É³Ñ»Õ ßñçÇÏ. Ñ»ï³ùñùñ³ë»ñ Ù³ñ¹:
»ñ»ÏáõÛÃ. be ~ ³ÕÙáõÏ Ñ³Ý»É: rubbersoled [΄rΛbəsəuld] a ϳáõãáõÏ» Ý»ñ-
rower [΄rəuə] n Ãdzí³ñ: μ³Ýáí. ~ shoes ϳáõãáõÏ» Ý»ñμ³Ýáí ÏáßÇÏ-
rowing I [΄rəuiŋ] n Ãdzí³ñáõÙ, Ãdzí³ñ»ÉÁ: Ý»ñ:
rowing II [΄rauiŋ] n ÝϳïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, rubber-tree [΄rΛbətri:] n ϳáõãáõϳμ»ñ/
ѳݹÇÙ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: ϳáõãáõϳïáõ μáõÛë£
rowlock [΄rɒlək] n ÃdzÝóù, ÃdzϳÉ: rubbish [΄rΛbi∫] n ³Õμ. ¹³ï³ñÏ μ³Ý. ³Ý-
royal [΄rɔiəl] a ó·³íáñ³Ï³Ý, ϳÛë»ñ³- ÙïáõÃÛáõÝ. ËëÏó. ÷áÕ, ¹ñ³Ù. The shop sells
ϳÝ. ßù»Õ, ³ñù³Û³Ï³Ý, í»Ñ³å³ÝÍ. ~ de- ~ ʳÝáõÃÝ ³Ýå»ïù ³åñ³Ýù ¿ í³×³-
cree ó·³íáñ³Ï³Ý Ññ³Ù³Ý³·Çñ. R~ éáõÙ. The film is ~ üÇÉÙÁ ¹³ï³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ ¿.
academy ó·³íáñ³Ï³Ý/ϳÛë»ñ³Ï³Ý ³- talk ~ ÑÇÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ¹áõñë ï³É. ~ dump ³Õ-
ϳ¹»Ùdz. R~ welcome ó·³íáñ³- μ³ÏáõÛï:
ϳÝ/ßù»Õ ÁݹáõÝ»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ blue í³é rubbishy [΄rΛbi∫i] a (Ùdzݷ³Ù³ÛÝ) ³Ý-
ϳåáõÛï ·áõÛÝ: å»ïù, ³ÝåÇï³Ý:
royally [΄rɔiəli] adv ³ñù³Û³í³Û»É. We were rubble [΄rΛbl] n ·»ï³ù³ñ, áÕáñϳù³ñ:
~ entertained ²ñù³Û³í³Û»É Ó¨áí ½í³ñ׳- rubric [΄ru:brik] n í»ñï³éáõÃÛáõÝ, í»ñݳ-
ó³Ýù: ·Çñ, Ëáñ³·Çñ:
royalt/y [΄rɔiəlti] n Ù»ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. íë»ÙáõÃÛáõÝ. ruby [΄ru:bi] n ëáõï³Ï. Ùáõ· ϳñÙÇñ ·áõÛÝ.
í»ÑáõÃÛáõÝ. ó·³íáñ³Ï³Ý ÁÝï³ÝÇùÇ ~ lips í³é ϳñÙÇñ/³É ßáõñûñ:
³Ý¹³ÙÝ»ñ. ó·³íáñ³Ï³Ý Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ruche [ru:∫] n ÷áó½³ñ¹, ÷áó߻ñï:
~ ies Ñ»ÕÇݳϳÛÇÝ ÑáÝáñ³ñ. å³ïíáí׳ñ: ruck [rΛk] 1. n ͳÉù, ÷áÃ. 2. v (ݳ¨ ~ up)
rub [rΛb] n ß÷áõÙ, ùëáõÙ, Ù³ùñáõÙ. the rub ×ÙéûÉ:
of a ~ ËέݳÏáí Ù³ùñáõÙ. give a ~ ûè rucksack [΄rΛksæk] n ׳ݳå³ñÑáñ¹³-
Í÷»É: Ï³Ý ÃÇÏݳå³Ûáõë³Ï:
rub [rΛb] v ß÷»É, ùë»É, ïñáñ»É. Ù³ùñ»É, rudder [΄rΛdə] n Õ»Ï. elevating ~ ³í. μ³ñÓ-
çÝç»É. ~ one’s hands Ó»éù»ñÁ ß÷»É. ~ one’s ñáõÃÛ³Ý Õ»Ï:
nose ùÇÃÁ Ù³ùñ»É/ëñμ»É. ~ with ointment rudderless [΄rΛdələs] a ³ÝÕ»Ï. ÷Ëμ. ³-
ùëáõÏáí ïñáñ»É. ~ the table ë»Õ³ÝÁ ÷³Û- é³Ýó ջϳí³ñáõÃÛ³Ý:
É»óÝ»É. ~ shoulders with different people ï³ñ- ruddy [΄rΛdi] a ϳñÙñ³·áõÛÝ, ϳñÙÇñ.
μ»ñ Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó Ñ»ï ß÷í»É. (ѳñ»É) My ËëÏó. ³ÝÇÍÛ³É:
shoes ~ ÎáßÇÏÝ»ñë ѳñáõÙ »Ý. ~ away ëñμ»É, rude [ru:d] a ÏáåÇï, Ïáßï, ³Ýï³ß. ~ man-
Ù³ùñ»É. ~ away one’s tears ³ñóáõÝùÝ»ñÁ ners ÏáåÇï/³Ýï³ß ß³ñÅáõÓ¨. ~ remarks
ëñμ»É. ~ dry ãáñ³óÝ»É. ~ one’s hair dry Ù³- ÏáåÇï ÝϳïáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. ~ question ³Ý-
½»ñÁ ãáñ³óÝ»É. ~ in/into Ý»ñÙ»ñë»É. Ý»ñ- ï³Ïï/³Ýù³Õ³ù³í³ñÇ Ñ³ñó. a ~ song/
ÍÍ»óÝ»É. ~ off/out Ù³ùñ»É, çÝç»É. ~ through story ³Ýí³Û»É/³Ýå³ïß³× »ñ·/å³ïÙáõ-
ïñáñ»Éáí ³ÝóϳóÝ»É. ~ through a sieve ÃÛáõÝ. a ~ shock ³Ý³ÏÝÏ³É óÝóáõÙ. a ~ awak-
Ù³ÕÇ ÙÇçáí ³ÝóϳóÝ»É: ening ³Ýëå³ë»ÉÇ Ñ³Ûïݳμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~
rudiment 707 rumble

health áõÅ»Õ/ù³ç ³éáÕçáõÃÛáõÝ: óáõÙ:


rudeness [΄ru:dnəs] n ÏáåïáõÃÛáõÝ: ruinous [΄ru:inəs] a Ëáñï³ÏÇã, Ïáñͳݳ-
rudiment [΄ru:dimənt] n Ï»Ýë. ûñ³× ûñ- ñ³ñ, ³í»ñÇã. ëݳÝϳóÝáÕ a ~ price ËëÏó.
·³Ý. ÙݳóáõÏ. ~s ݳ˳ÑÇÙù»ñ. ~s of chem- óɳÝãÇ³Ï³Ý ·ÇÝ:
istry ùÇÙdzÛÇ ÑÇÙù»ñÁ/ÑÇÙáõÝùÝ»ñÁ: rule [ru:l] n ϳÝáÝ, ëϽμáõÝù. as a ~ áñå»ë
rudimentary [‚ru:di΄mentəri] a ï³ññ³- ϳÝáÝ. against the ~s ѳϳé³Ï ϳÝáÝÝ»ñÇ.
ϳÝ, ûñ³×, ã½³ñ·³ó³Í. a ~ tail ûñ³× hard and fast ~ ѳëï³ïí³Í ϳÝáÝ.
/éáõ¹ÇÙ»Ýï³É åáã. a ~ knowledge of ï³ñ- keep/observe the ~s ϳÝáÝÝ»ñÁ å³Ñå³Ý»É.
ñ³Ï³Ý ·Çï»ÉÇùÝ»ñ: firm ~ ³Ý÷á÷áË Ï³ÝáÝ. break the ~s ϳ-
rue [ru:] v ó³í»É, ïñïÙ»É. ½Õç³É: ÝáÝÝ»ñÁ ˳Ëï»É. make it a ~ ϳÝáÝ ¹³ñÓ-
rueful [΄ru:fl] a ïñïáõÙ, ïËáõñ. ó³í³ÉÇ, Ý»É. ~ of the road ׳ݳå³ñѳÛÇÝ »ñè»-
íßï³ÉÇ. Ñáõë³Éùí³Í: ÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³ÝáÝÝ»ñ. ~ of thumb ÷áñÓÇ íñ³
ruff [rΛf] n ÓáÕ³ÓáõÏ, å»ñÏ»ë: ÑÇÙÝí³Í ϳÝáÝ/·áñͻɳϻñå. ·áñÍݳ-
ruffian [΄rΛfiən] n ËáõÉÇ·³Ý, μ³Ý¹Çï: Ï³Ý Ï³ÝáÝ. standing ~ Ùßï³Ï³Ý/³Ý÷á-
ruffle [΄rΛfl] n ͳɳ½³ñ¹í³Í Ù³ÝÅ»ï. ÷áË Ï³ÝáÝ. The exception proves the ~ ´³-
ͳͳÝù, ³É»Í³Éù: ó³éáõÃÛáõÝÁ ѳëï³ïáõÙ ¿ ϳÝáÝÁ. viûlate
ruffle [΄rΛfl] v ÏÝ×é»É, Ë××»É, ·½·½»É. å³ñ- the ~s ˳Ëï»É ûñ»ÝùÁ. (ù³ÝáÝ) slide ~
ͻݳÉ. ~ one’s hair Ù³½»ñÁ ·½·½»É. Water Éá·³ñÇÃÙ³Ï³Ý ù³ÝáÝ. folding ~ ͳÉáíÇ
~s æáõñÁ ûè ³Ï»ÏáÍíáõÙ ¿. (íñ¹áí»É, Ù»ïñ. (Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ïÇñ³å»ïáõÃÛáõÝ)
Ñáõ½»É) Nothing ~s him Üñ³Ý áãÇÝã ãÇ the ~ of the people ÅáÕáíñ¹³Ï³Ý Çß˳Ýáõ-
Ñáõ½áõÙ: ÃÛáõÝ. the ~ of the majority ٻͳٳëÝáõÃÛ³Ý
ruffler [΄rΛflə] n ËëÏó. ëݳå³ñÍ/å³ñÍ»Ý- Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ of law Çñ³í³Ï³Ý å»ïáõ-
Ïáï Ù³ñ¹: ÃÛáõÝ. ûñÇÝ³Ï³Ý Çñ³í³Ï³ñ·. under the ~
rug [rΛg] n ˳ÉÇ, ·áñ·. áõÕ»·áñ·. ͳÍÏá- ïÇñ³å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý Ý»ñùá:
ó³ß³É: rule [ru:l] v ջϳí³ñ»É, ϳé³í³ñ»É. ÇßË»É.
rugged [΄rΛgid] a ³ÝѳñÃ, Ëáñ¹áõμáñ¹ ~ ϳÝáݳϳñ·»É. ~ a country »ñÏÇñ ջϳ-
country Ïïñïí³Í/³Ýѳñà ï»Õ³Ýù. a ~ í³ñ»É. ~ the seas Íáí»ñÇ íñ³ ÇßË»É. Çñ³í.
coast Ïïñïí³Í Íáí³÷. (Ïáßï, ÏáåÇï. ϳÝáÝ ë³ÑٳݻÉ, í×é»É. The court ~d ¸³-
Ùé³ÛÉ) ~ manners/features ³Ýï³ß í³ñí»É³- ï³ñ³ÝÁ áñáß»ó. ~ in favour of áñáß»É/
Ó¨. ÏáåÇï ¹ÇÙ³·Í»ñ. ~ determination ³Ý- ÁݹáõÝ»É (Ç û·áõï). (·Í»É, ïáÕ»É) ~ a line
ÑáÕ¹áÕ¹ í×é³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: ·ÇÍ ù³ß»É, ïáÕ»É. ~d paper ïáÕ³Í ÃáõÕÃ. ~
rugose [΄ru:gəs] a ËáñßáÙ³Í, ÏÝ×éá- off a margin Éáõë³Ýóù ·Í»É. (μ³ó³é»É) ~ out
ï³Í: μ³ó³é»É. ~ out the possibility Ñݳñ³-
ruin [΄ru:in] n ÏáñͳÝáõÙ, Ëáñï³ÏáõÙ, íáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ μ³ó³é»É. We can’t ~ him out
ëݳÝϳóáõÙ. ~s ³í»ñ³ÏÝ»ñ, ÷ɳï³ÏÝ»ñ. Ø»Ýù ã»Ýù ϳñáÕ Ýñ³Ý ѳݻÉ:
in ~s ³í»ñí³Í, ÷ɳï³Ï ¹³ñÓ³Í. finan- ruler I [΄ru:lə] n ù³ÝáÝ:
cial/complete ~ ÷Ëμ. ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý/ÉñÇí ruler II [΄ru:lə] n ϳé³í³ñÇã, ջϳí³ñ:
ëݳÝϳóáõÙ. lead to ~ ëݳÝϳóÙ³Ý Ñ³ëó- ruling [΄ru:liŋ] n áñáßáõÙ, í×Çé, ¹³ï³í×Çé.
Ý»É. the ~ of hopes/career ÑáõÛë»ñÇ Ëáñï³- ϳé³í³ñáõÙ, ջϳí³ñáõÙ:
ÏáõÙ. ϳñÇ»ñ³ÛÇ ÏáñͳÝáõÙ. His life was in ruling [΄ru:liŋ] a ÇßËáÕ, ·áñÍáÕ, ϳé³í³-
~s Üñ³ ÏÛ³ÝùÁ Ëáñï³Ïí³Í ¿ñ. You will be ñáÕ. ~ circles ϳé³í³ñáÕ ßñç³ÝÝ»ñÁ. ~
the ~ of me ¹áõ ÇÝÓ ÏÏáñͳݻë: prices ·áñÍáÕ/ßáõÏ³Û³Ï³Ý ·Ý»ñ:
ruin [΄ru:in] v ³í»ñ»É, ÏáñͳݻÉ, ëݳÝϳó- rum [rΛm] n éáÙ:
Ý»É. He ~ed himself ܳ Çñ»Ý Ïáñͳݻó. The rum [rΛm] a ï³ñûñÇݳÏ. feel ~ Çñ»Ý í³ï
carpet is ~ed ¶áñ·Á ÉñÇí ÷ã³ó»É ¿. She is íÇ׳ÏáõÙ ½·³É:
~ing her health ܳ ÏáñͳÝáõÙ ¿ Çñ ³éáÕçáõ- rumble [΄rΛmbl] n ÃݹÛáõÝ, ¹Õñ¹ÛáõÝ,
ÃÛáõÝÁ: ·é·éáó (ëï³ÙáùëÇ). the ~ of distant thunder
ruination [‚ru:i΄nei∫n] n ÏáñͳÝáõÙ, Ëáñ- ³ÙåñáåÇ Ñ»é³íáñ ¹Õñ¹ÛáõÝ. The train ~d
ï³ÏáõÙ, ³í»ñáõÙ, Édzϳï³ñ ëݳÝϳ- past ¶Ý³óùÁ ¹Õñ¹ÛáõÝáí ³Ýó³í:
rumble-tumble 708 runes

rumble [΄rΛmbl] v ¿áõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ó÷³Ýó»É. ѳïÁ ÷³Ë»É ¿. ski ~ ¹³ÑáõÏáõÕÇ, ¹³Ñáõ-
áõÕÝ áõ ÍáõÍÁ ѳëϳݳÉ: ϳѻïù:
rumble-tumble [΄rΛmbl‚tΛmbl] n ËëÏó. run [rΛn] v í³½»É, í³½í½»É. ÷³Ëã»É. ~ up-
óÝóáõÙ, ó÷³Ñ³ñáõÙ: stairs/downstairs ³ëïÇ׳ÝÝ»ñáí í»ñáõí³ñ
ruminant [΄ru:minənt] n, a áñá×áÕ Ï»Ý¹³- í³½»É. ~ a good race ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ ѳçáÕ
ÝÇ. áñá×áÕ. ÷Ëμ. Ùï³ÍÏáï, Ùï³ËáÑ: ³ÝóÝ»É. ~ for one’s life í³½»É ÏÛ³ÝùÁ ÷ñÏ»-
ruminate [΄ru:mineit] v áñá׳É. ͳÙáÝ Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí. ~ an errand ѳÝÓݳñ³ñáõ-
ͳٻÉ. ÷Ëμ. Ùï³ÍÏáï/Ùï³ËáÑ ÉÇÝ»É: ÃÛáõÝ Ï³ï³ñ»É. ~ a high temperature μ³ñÓñ
rumination [‚ru:mi΄nei∫n] n áñá×áõÙ, áñá- ç»ñÙ³ëïÇ×³Ý áõݻݳÉ. ~ the blockade
׳ÉÁ. ËáñÑñ¹³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, ÙïáñÙáõÝù: ßñç³÷³ÏáõÙÁ ×»Õù»É. ~ a horse ÓÇ ùß»É. ~ a
rummage [΄rΛmidз] n ÷Ýïñïáõù, áõß³¹Çñ candidate ûÏݳÍáõ ³é³ç³¹ñ»É. be ~ off
áñáÝáõÙ. Ëáõ½³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ: one’s feet, ~ one`s legs off áïùÇó-ѳÉÇó ÁÝÏ-
rummage [΄rΛmidз] v ÷Ýïñ»É, ùñùñ»É. Ý»É. into trouble/expenses ÷áñÓ³ÝùÇ Ù»ç/
åñåï»É. ~ about/ in a drawer/amongst papers ͳËëÇ ï³Ï ÁÝÏÝ»É. (÷á˳¹ñ³ÙÇçáóáí
ùñùñ»É ¹³ñ³ÏÁ. ÷Ýïñ»É ÃÕûñÇ Ù»ç. ~ sale ï³Ý»É) ~ smb to the station Ù»ÏÇÝ Ï³Û³ñ³Ý
å³ï³Ñ³Ï³Ý Çñ»ñÇ í³×³éù (μ³ñ»·áñ- ï³Ý»É. ~ smb home ïáõÝ ï³Ý»É/áõÕ»Ïó»É.
Í³Ï³Ý Ýå³ï³Ïáí): ~ whisky/guns across the frontier ë³ÑÙ³Ýáí
rumour [΄ru:mə] 1. n Éáõñ, ѳÙμ³í. dis- ³ÝóϳóÝ»É íÇëÏÇ/½»Ýù. (ջϳí³ñ»É,
crepant ~s ѳϳë³Ï³Ý Éáõñ»ñ. ~s are about ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñå»É) ~ a house/a small business/a
Éáõñ»ñ »Ý åïïíáõÙ spread false ~ s Ï»ÕÍ hotel ïݳÛÇÝ ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÁ í³ñ»É. ÷áùñ
Éáõñ»ñ ï³ñ³Í»É. 2. v Éáõñ»ñ ï³ñ³Í»É, Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝ Õ»Ï³í³ñ»É. ÑÛáõñ³Ýáó
ÝáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ѳÕáñ¹»É. It is ~ed that... ϳé³í³ñ»É. ~ an experiment ÷áñÓ ³Ýóϳó-
²ëáõÙ »Ý, áñ..£ Ý»É. ~ a series of articles Ñá¹í³ÍÝ»ñÇ ß³ñù
rump [rΛmp] n åáã³Ù³ë, ½ëï³Ù³ë, ïå³·ñ»É. ~ extra trains Éñ³óáõóÇ㠷ݳóù-
³½¹ñ³Ù³ë. ~ steak ËÑñ. éáÙßï»ùë: Ý»ñ μ³ó ÃáÕÝ»É. (í³ñ»É) ~ a car Ù»ù»Ý³
rumple [΄rΛmpl] v ïñáñ»É, ·½·½»É, ùñùñ»É: í³ñ»É. ~ a boat against the reef ݳíÁ Ëáõû-
rumpus [΄rΛmpəs] n ËëÏó. ³ÕÙáõÏ, ·áé·á- ñÇÝ Ë÷»É. (Ñáë»É. Íáñ³É) ~ the water çáõñ
éáó, í»×. kick up a ~ íÇ׳μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ/³Õ- μ³ó ÃáÕÝ»É. ~ a risk íï³Ý·Ç »ÝóñÏí»É. ~
ÙáõÏ ë³ñù»É: cold/dry/mad ë³éã»É/ãáñ³Ý³É, ëå³éí»É/
run [rΛn] n í³½ù, í³½ù³ÙñóáõÙ, í³½ù³ñ- ·Åí»É. My nose is ~ning øÇÃë í³½áõÙ ¿. The
ß³í. at a ~ í³½ùáí. break into a ~ ÷³Ëáõë- river ~s into into lake ¶»ïÁ ó÷íáõÙ ¿ ÉÇ×Á.
ïÇ ¹ÇÙ»É. give the dog a ~ ß³ÝÁ ½μáë³ÝùÇ His blood ran cold Üñ³ ³ñÛáõÝÁ ë³é»ó
¹áõñë μ»ñ»É. be on the ~ from óùÝí»É. be on »ñ³ÏÝ»ñáõÙ. The road ~s to the sea ֳݳ-
the ~ all day ³ÙμáÕç ûñÁ í³½íñïáõùÇ Ù»ç å³ñÑÁ ¹»åÇ ÍáíÝ ¿ ï³ÝáõÙ. (³ë»É, ѳÛï-
ÉÇÝ»É. go for a ~ í³½ùáí ½μáë³Ýù ϳï³- Ý»É) The letter ~s ܳٳÏáõÙ ³ëíáõÙ ¿. The
ñ»É/½μáëÝ»É. have a ~ in the car Ù»ù»Ý³Ûáí story ~s ä³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ñ»ï¨Û³ÉÝ ¿ ³ëáõÙ.
½μáëÝ»É. (ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ) a day’s ~ Ù»Ï
(³ß˳ï»É, ·áñÍ»É) The lift isn’t ~ning ì»ñ»-
ûñáõÙ ³ÝóÝ»Éáõ í³½ù³ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. a
ɳÏÁ ãÇ ³ß˳ïáõÙ. Feelings were ~ning high
two hour ~ from here »ñÏáõ ųÙí³ í³½ùÇ
Îñù»ñÁ μáñμáùíáõÙ ¿ÇÝ. The dye ~s Ü»ñÏÁ
ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ûëï»ÕÇó. a ~ of luck/bad
·áõÛÝ ïíáÕ ¿, ÎïáñÁ ·áõݳó÷íáõÙ ¿ ~
luck/bad weather ѳçáÕáõÃÛ³Ý/³ÝѳçáÕáõ-
across å³ï³Ñ³μ³ñ ѳݹÇå»É. ~ away
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ/í³ï »Õ³Ý³ÏÇ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³-
÷³Ëã»É. ~ back Ñ»ï í³½»É. ~ behind Ñ»ï
ßñç³Ý. in the long ~ í»ñçÇÝ Ñ³ßíáí. out of
ÁÝÏÝ»É. ~ into μ³Ëí»É. ~ off ÷³Ëã»É. ~ oët
the ~ ³ñï³ëáíáñ. the common ~ ëáíáñ³-
ëå³éí»É, í»ñç³Ý³É. ~ over ³ãùÇ ³Ýóϳó-
Ï³Ý Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ. the ~ of a library ·ñ³¹³ñ³ÝÇó
Ý»É. ~ up Ùáï í³½»É, μ³Ëí»É. ~ to extremes
û·ïí»Éáõ ÃáõÛÉïíáõÃÛáõÝ. The play had a
ͳÛñ³Ñ»ÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ù»ç ÁÝÏݻɣ
long ~ Ü»ñϳ۳óáõÙÁ »ñϳñ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï μ»-
Ù³¹ñíáõÙ ¿ñ. follow the ~ of events/of the
runabout [΄rΛnəbaut] n ó÷³é³Ï³Ý. ó-
game Ñ»ï¨»É Çñ³¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ/˳ÕÇ ÷³é³ßñçÇÏ:
ÁÝóóùÇÝ. My stocking has ~ ¶áõÉå³ÛÇë runaway [΄rΛnəwei] n ÷³Ëëï³Ï³Ý, ¹³-
runlet 709 rye

ë³ÉÇù: ÑáõÛÃÇ ï»Ý¹. a ~ on candles ÙáÙ»ñÇ Ù»Í


runes [ru:ns] n É»½í. éáõÝ»ñ, éáõݳ·ñ»ñ: å³Ñ³Ýç. (áõÅ»Õ Ñáë³Ýù, ѻջÕ, Ñáëù) a ~
runlet [΄rΛnlit] n ·»ï³Ï, íï³Ï, ³éáõ: of air/water/people/words û¹Ç Ñáë³Ýù, çñÇ
runner [΄rΛnə] n í³½áñ¹. ëáõñѳݹ³Ï, Ñáëù. Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó/μ³é»ñÇ Ñ»Õ»Õ. a ~ of or-
μ³Ýμ»ñ. ï»Ë. ³Ýí³Ï, ·É³Ýí³Ï. Ùñ½. ders å³ïí»ñÝ»ñÇ ÑáñÓ³Ýù. in the ~ hours
Ùñó³í³½áÕ. relay ~ ¿ëï³ý»ïÇ Ù³ëݳ- »ñè»ÏáõÃÛ³Ý É³ñí³Í ųٻñÇÝ. a ~ order
ÏÇó: ßï³å å³ïí»ñ. a ~ job ÙÇ Ï»ñå (ѳå-
runner-up [‚rΛnər΄Λp] n ÙñóÙ³Ý Ù»ç ßï³å) ϳï³ñ³Í ³ß˳ï³Ýù. gold ~
»ñÏñáñ¹ ï»ÕÁ ·ñ³í³Í Ù³ëݳÏÇó: áëÏ»ï»Ý¹:
running [΄rΛniŋ] n í³½ù. Íáñ³Ýù. good at ~ rush [rΛ∫] v ßï³å»óÝ»É. ßï³å»É, Ý»ïí»É.
ɳí í³½áÕ. (ϳé³í³ñáõÙ) ~ the school ѳñÓ³Ïí»É, ëɳݳÉ. é½Ù. ëñÁÝóó ·ñáÑ»É.
¹åñáó ϳé³í³ñ»ÉÁ. be in the/out of the ~ ~ the work ³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ ÙÇ Ï»ñå ³Ý»É. I
ß³Ýë»ñ áõݻݳÉ/ãáõݻݳÉ. be still in the ~ must ~ now ÐÇÙ³ »ë å»ïù ¿ í³½»Ù. The
Ùñ½. ѳÕûÉáõ ß³Ýë»ñ áõݻݳÉ: blood ~ed to her face ¸»ÙùÁ Éóí»ó ³ñÛáõÝáí.
running [΄rΛniŋ] a í³½áÕ, ÑáëáÕ. ~ water How much did they ~ you? Ò»½ÝÇó ÇÝãù³±Ý
ÑáëáÕ çáõñ. ~ track í³½ùáõÕÇ. ~ sore óñ³- åÉáÏ»óÇÝ:
˳Ñáë í»ñù. ~ expenses ÁÝóóÇÏ/߳ѳ- rushy [΄rΛ∫i] a »Õ»·Ý³å³ï, »Õ»·ÝÛ³:
·áñÍÙ³Ý Í³Ëë»ñ. (³ÝÁݹٻç, ß³ñáõݳÏ) rusk [rΛsk] n å³ùëÇÙ³ï:
three times ~ »ñ»ù ³Ý·³Ù ³ÝÁݹٻç. take up russet [΄rΛsit] ¹³ñãݳϳñÙÇñ ·áõÛÝ:
the ~ ݳ˳ӻéÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ í»ñóÝ»É: rust [rΛst] n ųݷ:
running-board [΄rΛniŋbɔ:d] n áïݳï»Õ, rust-free [΄rΛstfri:], ãųݷáïíáÕ, ųÝ-
áïÝ³Ï (³íïáÙ»ù»Ý³ÛÇ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ): ·³Ï³ÛáõÝ:
running-title [΄rΛniŋ‚taitl] n ïå·ñ. ¿ç³- rust proof [΄rΛstpru:f], rust resistant
Ëáñ³·Çñ, ¿ç³í»ñݳ·Çñ: [΄rΛstri΄zistənt] a ï»°ë rust-free:
runny [΄rΛni] a çñ³ÉÇ (Ùáõñ³μ³ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ). a ~ rustic [΄rΛstik] n ·ÛáõճϳÝ, ·»ÕçϳϳÝ.
nose ËëÏó. í³½áÕ ùÇÃ: å³ñ½, ѳë³ñ³Ï:
run-out [΄rΛnaut] n μ³óÃáÕáõÙ: rusticate [΄rΛstikeit] v ·ÛáõÕ áõÕ³ñÏ»É,
run up [΄rΛnΛp] n í³½ù, ó÷³í³½ù. ·ÛáõÕáõÙ ³åñ»É/μݳÏí»É:
run way [΄rΛnwei] n ³í. ÃéÇãùÇ ¨ í³Ûñ¿çùÇ rustiness [΄rΛstinəs] n ųݷáïí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ:
Ññ³å³ñ³Ï. í³½ùáõÕÇ: rustle [΄rΛsl] 1. n ëáë³÷ÛáõÝ, Ëßßáó. 2. v ëá-
rupture [΄rΛpt∫ə] n ×»ÕùáõÙ, å³ïéáõÙ. ë³÷»É, Ëßß³É, ËßËß³É. Çñ³ñ ³ÝóÝ»É,
÷Ëμ. ˽áõÙ. μÅßÏ. ³Õ»Ã³÷áõÃÛáõÝ, Çç- »é³Ý¹ óáõó³μ»ñ»É:
í³Íù: rustless [΄rΛstləs] a ãųݷáïíáÕ:
rupture [΄rΛpt∫ə] v ×»Õù»É, å³ïé»É. ˽»É rusty I [΄rΛsti] a ųݷáï, ųݷáï³Í.
(ѳñ³μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ). ~ oneself íݳëí»É, Éùí³Í, ³Ýáõß³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ïÝí³Í. My
çɳïí»É: French is a bit ~ ºë ÙÇ ÷áùñ Ùáé³ó»É »Ù
rural [΄ruərəl] a ·ÛáõճϳÝ, ·»ÕçϳϳÝ. ~ ýñ³Ýë»ñ»ÝÁ:
town ù³Õ³ù³ïÇå ³í³Ý, ·ÛáõÕ³ù³Õ³ù. rusty II [΄rΛsti] a ÏÍí³Í, ÏÍí³Ñ³Ù, ¹³éݳ-
~ depopulation ·ÛáõÕ»ñÇ ³Ù³Û³óáõÙ: ѳÙ:
ruse [ru:z] n Ñݳñù, Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ: rut [rΛt] n ³Ýí³Ñ»ïù, ³Ýí³Ïáë. ëáíá-
rush I [rΛ∫] n »Õ»·. ¹³ï³ñÏ/³ÝÝß³Ý μ³Ý. ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ï»Ë. ³·áõÛó, ³Ïáë, ÷áñí³Íù.
It’s not worth a ~ ØÇ Ïáå»Ï ã³ñÅÇ. not to care get out of a ~ ѳñà ׳ݳå³ñÑÇó ß»Õí»É.
a ~ áã ÙÇ ³ñÅ»ù ãï³É, áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ You are in a ~ ÐݳÙáÉáõÃÛáõÝÁ ù»½ ÏáõÉ ¿
ã¹³ñÓÝ»É: ï³ÉÇë£
rush II [rΛ∫] n ßï³åáճϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ, μáõéÝ rutabaga [‚ru:tə΄beigə] n ß³Õ·³Ù:
Ñáëù, ·ñáÑ. ϻݹ. the ~ of city life ù³Õ³- ruthless [΄ru:θləs] a ³Ý·áõÃ, ³ÝáÕáñÙ,
ù³ÛÇÝ ÏÛ³ÝùÇ μáõéÝ ï»ÙåÁ. the pre-holiday ¹³Å³Ý
~ ݳ˳ïáÝ³Ï³Ý Çñ³ñ³ÝóáõÙ. a ~ to the rye [rai] n ï³ñ»Ï³Ý. ~ bread ï³ñ»Ï³ÝÇ
door ¹»åÇ ¹áõéÁ Ý»ïí»ÉÁ. ~ for profits ß³- ѳó:
710

S
S, s [es] n ³Ý·É»ñ»Ý ³Ûμáõμ»ÝÇ 19-ñ¹ ï³éÁ: ãϳ. ~ music Ñá·¨áñ »ñ³ÅßïáõÃÛáõÝ:
sabbatical [sə΄bætikl] a (Ññ»³Ý»ñÇ) ß³μ³Ã sacrifice [΄sækrifais]1. n ½áÑ, ½áѳμ»ñáõ-
ûñí³ Ñ³Ý·ëïÛ³Ý ûñ. ~ leave/year ٻϳÙÛ³ ÃÛáõÝ. Ïáñáõëï. the great/last ~ ÏéíÇ ¹³ß-
ëï»Õͳ·áñÍ³Ï³Ý ³ñÓ³Ïáõñ¹ ѳٳÉë³- ïáõ٠ѳÝáõÝ Ñ³Ûñ»ÝÇùÇ ½áÑí»ÉÁ. at a ~
ñ³Ý³Ï³Ý ¹³ë³ËáëÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. have a ~ íݳëáí. 2. v ½áÑ Ù³ïáõó»É, ½áѳμ»ñ»É. ~
year ³Ï³¹»ÙÇ³Ï³Ý ³ñÓ³Ïáõñ¹ í»ñóÝ»É oneself ÷Ëμ. Çñ»Ý ½áÑ»É:
Ù»Ï ï³ñáí: sacrificial [‚sækri΄fi∫l] a ½áÑÇ, ½áѳμ»ñáõ-
sable [΄seibl] n ϻݹ. ë³ÙáõÛñ, ë³ÙáõÛñÇ Ùáñ- ÃÛ³Ý:
ÃÇ: sacrilege [΄sækrəlidз] n ëñμ³åÕÍáõÃÛáõÝ:
sabotage [΄sæbəta:з] 1. n ݻݷ³¹áõÉ, ¹Ç- sad [sæd] a ïËáõñ, ïñïáõÙ. ³Ý³ËáñÅ, ó³-
í»ñëdz. 2. v ë³μáï³ÅÇ »ÝóñÏ»É. ~ talks í³ÉÇ. ~ news/event ïËáõñ ÝáñáõÃÛáõÝ/Çñ³-
μ³Ý³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ë³μáï³ÅÇ »ÝóñÏ»É: ¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝ. be/feel ~ ïËáõñ ÉÇÝ»É. with a ~
saboteur [‚sæbə΄tə:] n ë³μáï³Å³íáñ. heart ͳÝñ ëñïáí. a ~ mistake ó³í³ÉÇ
íݳë³ñ³ñ, íݳ볷áñÍ: ë˳É. a ~ state of affairs ·áñÍ»ñÇ ïËáõñ/ áÕ-
sabre [΄seibə] 1. n Ãáõñ, ëáõñ. the ~ ½ÇÝíáñ³- μ³ÉÇ íÇ׳Ï. make smb ~ (Ù»ÏÇÝ) ïËñ»ó-
Ï³Ý áõÅ. rattle the ~ Ýǽ³Ï ×á×»É, å³ï»- Ý»É:
ñ³½Ù ëå³éݳÉ. 2. v ëñáí/Ãñáí Ïáïáñ»É. sadden [΄sædn] v ïËñ»É, ïËñ»óÝ»É.
Ãñ³ï»É: ïËñáõÃÛáõÝ å³ï׳é»É:
saccharin [΄sækərin] n ë³Ë³ñÇÝ, Ï»Õͳ- saddle [΄sædl] n óÙμ, óÙù. be in the ~ Ódz-
ß³ù³ñ: í³ñ»É, ÓÇáí ·Ý³É. ÷Ëμ. ջϳí³ñ»É. å³-
saccharine [΄sækəri:n] a ß³ù³ñÇ, ß³ù³- ñ³·ÉáõË ÉÇÝ»É. ~ of the mutton áã˳ñÇ
ñ³Ñ³Ù. ù³Õóñ: Ù»çù³·á·. put the ~ on the right horse ÷Ëμ.
sachem [΄seit∫əm] n ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý Ñݹϳ- Ù»Õ³¹ñ³ÝùÁ ×Çßï ѳëó»³·ñ»É:
óÇÝ»ñÇ ³é³çÝáñ¹. ϳñ¨áñ ³ÝÓ: saddle [΄sædl] v óÙμ»É, Ñ»ÍÝ»É. ͳÝñ³μ»é-
sack I [sæk] 1. n ÏáÕáåáõï, óɳÝ. put to ~ Ý»É. get ~d with the children ÷Ëμ. »ñ»Ë³Ý»-
ÏáÕáåáõïÇ Ù³ïÝ»É. 2. v ÏáÕáåï»É, óɳ- ñÇ Ñá·ëÇ ï³Ï ÁÝÏÝ»É:
Ý»É: saddle-bag [΄sædlbæg] n ËáõñçÇÝ:
sack II [sæk] n ïáåñ³Ï, å³ñÏ. a ~ of flour saddle-bow [΄sædlbəu] n óÙμÇ Ï»é, óÙ-
ÙÇ å³ñÏ ³ÉÛáõñ. flour ~ ³ÉÛáõñÇ å³ñÏ. μ³Õ»Õ:
paper ~ ÃÕû ïáåñ³Ï. ~ cloth (å³ñÏÇ) saddle-cloth [΄sædlklɒθ] n óÙμ³ï³Ï.
Ïáßï Ïï³í, ÏáåÇï ·áñÍí³Íù. ~ ful ÙÇ ëóñ:
ÉÇùÁ å³ñÏ. get/give the ~ ËëÏó. å³ßïáÝÇó saddle-horse [΄sædlhɔ:s] n Ñ»ÍÏ³Ý ÓÇ:
Ñ»é³óí»É/Ñ»é³óݻɣ sadistic [sə΄distik] a ë³¹Çëï³Ï³Ý, ¹³Å³Ý.
sacking [΄sækiŋ] n å³ñϳóáõ Ïïáñ, å³ñ- ~ killing ë³¹Çëï³Ï³Ý/¹³Å³Ý ëå³Ýáõ-
ϳóáõ: ÃÛáõÝ:
sacral [΄seikrəl] a ÍÇë³ÛÇÝ, ÍÇë³Ï³Ý: sadly [΄sædli] adv ïËñáñ»Ý:
sacrament [΄sækrəmənt] n »Ï»Õ. ѳÕáñ¹áõ- sadness [΄sædnəs] n ïËñáõÃÛáõÝ, íѳïáõ-
ÃÛáõÝ, ËáñÑáõñ¹. áõËï, »ñ¹áõÙ: ÃÛáõÝ:
sacramental [‚sækrə΄mentl] a ÝíÇñ³Ï³Ý, safe [seif] n ãÑñÏǽíáÕ (·³ÝÓ³)å³Ñ³ñ³Ý.
ëáõñμ: ë»Ûý:
sacred [΄seikrid] a ëáõñμ, ëñμ³½³Ý. ÝíÇñ- safe [seif] a ³Ýíݳë, ãíݳëí³Í. ³Ýíï³Ý·,
í³Í. ~ temple/stone/animal ëáõñμ ï³×³ñ/ ³å³Ñáí. ~ and sound áÕç ¨ ³éáÕç. keep
ù³ñ/ ϻݹ³ÝÇ. ~ to the memory of (·»ñ»½- smth ~ ³Ýíï³Ý· ï»ÕáõÙ å³Ñ»É. ~ from
Ù³ÝÇ íñ³) Éáõë³íáñ ÑÇß³ï³ÏÇÝ. Nothing danger íï³Ý·Çó ½»ñÍ. in ~ hands ³å³Ñáí
is ~ to him Üñ³ ѳٳñ áã ÙÇ ëñμáõÃÛáõÝ Ó»éù»ñáõÙ. ~ as houses here ËëÏó. ³å³Ñáí
safeblower 711 salaried

ÇÝãå»ë ù³ñ» å³ñëåÇ Ñ»ï¨áõÙ. (½·áõÛß) a ¿/ÝëïáõÙ ¿ go for a ~ ·Ý³É ݳí³ñÏ»Éáõ. take
~ driver/policy ½·áõÛß í³ñáñ¹/ù³Õ³ù³Ï³- in ~ ÷Ëμ. á·¨áñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ã³÷³íáñ»É. trim
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. to be on the ~ side ³í»ÉÇ Ù»Í ³å³- the ~s to the wind ÷Ëμ. ùÇÃÁ ù³ÙáõÝ å³Ñ»É.
ÑáíáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ. play ~ ³Ýíñ»å ·áñÍ»É. take the wind out of one’s ~ ÷Ëμ. ³Ý³ÏÝϳÉÇ
play it ~ ËëÏó. ³Ýíñ»å, ³å³Ñáí. just to be μ»ñ»É. ~ boat ³é³·³ëï³Ý³í. ~ cloth
~ ѳٻݳÛÝ ¹»åë, »Ã» å³Ñ³Ýç ½·³óíÇ: ³é³·³ëï³É³Ã, å³ñáõëÇÝ£
safeblower [΄seifbləuə] n ë»Ûý ÏáïñáÕ, ë»Ûý sail [seil] v ÉáÕ³É, ³é³·³ëï³ñÓ³Ï Ý³í»É.
μ³óáÕ ·áÕ: ë³í³éÝ»É. ׳Ëñ»É. ~ the yacht ½μáë³Ý³íÁ
safebreaker [΄seifbreikə] n Ïáïñ³Ýù ϳ- í³ñ»É. The ship ~ed into the harbour ܳíÁ
ï³ñáÕ: Ùï³í ݳí³Ñ³Ý·Çëï. The ship ~s at 3
safe-conduct [‚seif΄kɒndΛkt] n å³Ñå³Ý³- o’clock ܳíÁ Ù»ÏÝáõÙ ¿ ųÙÇ 3-ÇÝ. ~ round
·Çñ, å³Ñå³Ý³Ï³Ý íϳ۳ÃáõÕÃ: the world ³ß˳ñÑÇ ßáõñçÁ ݳí»É. ~ into
safeguard [΄seifga:d] n ³å³ÑáíáõÃÛ³Ý/ ë³ÑáõÝ ù³ÛÉ»ñáí ÙïÝ»É:
å³ßïå³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý »ñ³ßËÇù. a ~ against sailer [΄seilə] n ³é³·³ëï³Ý³í:
»ñ³ßËÇù Áݹ¹»Ù: sailing [΄seiliŋ] n ݳí³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ: daily ~s
safeguard [΄seifga:d] v å³Ñå³Ý»É, »ñ³ß- ³Ù»ÝûñÛ³ áõÕ»ñÃÝ»ñ. the time of ~ Ù»ÏÝ»Éáõ
˳íáñ»É. ³å³Ñáí»É. ~ smb’s interests å³Ñ- ųٳݳÏÁ. It’s not plain ~ ÷Ëμ. ¸³ ѳ-
å³Ý»É Ù»ÏÇ ß³Ñ»ñÁ: ë³ñ³Ï ·áñÍ ã¿:
safekeeping [‚seif΄ki:piŋ] n ³å³Ñáíáõ- sailing [΄seiliŋ] n ³é³·³ï³Ý³í³ÛÇÝ
ÃÛáõÝ. leave at the bank for ~ ³å³ÑáíáõÃÛ³Ý ëåáñï. ~ ship/vessel ³é³·³ëï³Ý³í. It
ѳٳñ μ³ÝÏáõÙ å³Ñ»É: will be all plain ~ ²Ù»Ý ÇÝã ѳçáÕ ÏÁÝóݳ:
safely [΄seifli] adv ³å³Ñáí, μ³ñ»Ñ³çáÕ sailor [΄seilə] n ݳí³ëïÇ, Íáí³ÛÇÝ. ݳ-
Ï»ñåáí. arrive ~ μ³ñ»Ñ³çáÕ Å³Ù³Ý»É. put íáñ¹. be a good/bad ~ Íáí³ÛÇÝ ×³Ý³å³ñ-
away ~ ³å³Ñáí ï»ÕáõÙ å³Ñ»É. one can ~ Ñáñ¹áõÃÛáõÝÁ ɳí/í³ï ï³Ý»É:
say ϳñ»ÉÇ ¿ ѳÙá½í³Í Ï»ñåáí ³ë»É: saint [seint] n ëáõñμ. She’s really a ~ ËëÏó. ܳ
safety [΄seifti] n ³å³ÑáíáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ýíï³Ý- ϳñÍ»ë ëáõñμ ÉÇÝÇ. (ѳïáõÏ ³ÝáõÝÝ»ñÇó
·áõÃÛáõÝ. public/road ~ ѳë³ñ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý/ ³é³ç Ïñ׳ï St., S) St. George êáõñμ
׳ݳå³ñѳÛÇÝ ³Ýíï³Ý·áõÃÛáõÝ. There is ¶¨áñ·:
~ in numbers ÆÝãù³Ý ß³ï, ³ÛÝù³Ý ³å³- sake I [seik] n for the ~ of ѳÝáõÝ, Ç ë»ñ. for
Ñáí. ~ belt ÷ñϳ·áïÇ. ~ lamp ѳÝù³ÑáñÇ the ~ of health ³éáÕçáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ.
ɳÙå. ~ match ÉáõóÏÇ. ~ pin ³Ý·ÉÇ³Ï³Ý ùá- for God’s/ mercy’s/goodness’/heaven’s ~ ²ëï-
ñáó. ~ valve å³Ñå³Ý³Ï³Ý ϳ÷áõÛñ. ~ cur- Íáõ ëÇñáõÝ. for conscience’s ~ ËÕ×Ç
tain óïñ. ѳϳÑñ¹»Ñ³ÛÇÝ í³ñ³·áõÛñ. ~ ѳݷëïáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ. Art for art’s ~
measures ݳ˳½·áõß³Ï³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ: ³ñí»ëï ³ñí»ëïÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ:
sag [sæg] v Íéí»É, ×Ïí»É. Ïáñ³Ý³É. The ceil- sake II [΄sa:ki] n ë³Ï», ׳åáݳϳÝ
ing ~ged ²é³ëï³ÕÁ ϳËí»É ¿ñ. His spir- μñÝÓûÕÇ:
its ~ged ÷Ëμ. ܳ Ñáõë³Ñ³ïí³Í/ÁÝÏ×í³Í salable [΄seiləbl] a ·Ý³ÛáõÝ, ¹Ûáõñ³í³×³é.
¿: ~ goods ·Ý³ÛáõÝ ³åñ³Ýù:
saga [΄sa:gə] n ë³·³, ³ëù, ëϳݹÇݳíÛ³Ý salad [΄sæləd] n ³Õó³Ý, ë³É³Ã, íÇÝ»·ñ»ï.
³í³Ý¹³í»å: vegetable/fruit ~ μ³Ýç³ñ»Õ»ÝÇ/Ùñ·Ç ë³É³Ã.
sagacious [sə΄gei∫əs] a Ëáñ³Ã³÷³Ýó, make a ~ ë³É³Ã å³ïñ³ëï»É. ~ dressing
ßñç³Ñ³Û³ó. Ë»Éáù, ˻ɳóÇ: ë³É³ÃÇ ³Ùáù³Ýù/ѳٻÙáõÝù/Ù³ÛáÝ»½ ¨
sagacity [sə΄gæsəti] n Ëáñ³Ã³÷³Ýóáõ- ³ÛÉÝ:
ÃÛáõÝ, ˻ɳÙïáõÃÛáõÝ, áõßÇÙáõÃÛáõÝ: salad-oil [΄sælədɔil] n μáõë³Ï³Ý ÛáõÕ, Ó»Ã:
sage [seidз] n ÇÙ³ïáõÝ, ˻ɳÙÇï: salamander [΄sæləmændə] n ϻݹ. ë³É³-
sail [seil] n ³é³·³ëï. full ~ μáÉáñ ³é³- ٳݹñ:
·³ëïÝ»ñÁ å³ñ½³Í. put up, set/lower the ~s salami [sə΄la:mi] n ë³É³ÙÇ (»ñßÇÏ):
³é³·³ëïÝ»ñÁ å³ñ½»É, Ù»ÏÝ»É/Çç»óÝ»É. salaried [΄sælərid] a ѳëïÇùáí. ³ß˳ï³-
the ~ swells/droops ²é³·³ëïÁ μ³óíáõÙ í³ñÓ/éá×ÇÏ ëï³óáÕ. a ~ post ѳëïÇùáí
salary 712 salvage

å³ßïáÝ. ~ teachers ϳÛáõÝ ³ß˳ïáÕ ¹³- beauty ~ ·»Õ»óÏáõÃÛ³Ý/·»Õ³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý


ë³ïáõÝ»ñ: ëñ³Ñ. shaving/hairdresser ~ ïÕ³Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó/
salary [΄sæləri] n ³ß˳ï³í³ñÓ, éá×ÇÏ. ϳݳÝó í³ñë³íÇñ³Ýáó. (μ³ñ, Ëáñïϳ-
fixed ~ ϳÛáõÝ ³ß˳ï³í³ñÓ. ~ scale ³ß- ñ³Ý) ~ bar ·³ñ»çñÇ μ³ñ. ~ car 뻹³Ý ³í-
˳ï³í³ñÓÇ ë³Ý¹Õ³Ï: ïáÙ»ù»Ý³. »ñÏÃ. ë³ÉáÝ í³·áÝ:
sale [seil] n í³×³éù. be on/for ~ í³×³éí»É, salt [sɔ:lt] n ³Õ. table/cooking/rock ~ ë»Õ³ÝÇ/
í³×³éùÇ Ñ³Ýí»É. have a good ~ ɳí í³- ËáѳÝáóÇ/ù³ñ ³Õ. pinch/grain of ~ ÙÇ
׳éí»É. whole ~ Ù»Í³Í³Ë í³×³éù. auction åïÕáõÝó ³Õ. smelling ~s Ñáï³í»ï ÝÛáõÃ/
~ ³×áõñ¹. clearance ~ Çëå³é í³×³éù. cash ³Õ the ~ of the earth ѳë³ñ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý ÁÝïÇñ
~ ϳÝËÇÏ ¹ñ³Ùáí í³×³éù. door-to-door ~ Ù³ëÁ. old ~ ÑÙáõï Íáí³·Ý³ó, Íáí³·³ÛÉ.
ßñçÇÏ í³×³éù. ~ on credit ³å³éÇÏ í³- attic ~ Ýáõñμ ëñ³ÙïáõÃÛáõÝ. in ~ ³Õ³Í, ³Õ
׳éù. conditional ~ Çñ³í. å³ÛÙ³Ý³Ï³Ý ¹ñ³Í. He is not worth his ~ àã ÙÇ μ³ÝÇ
í³×³éù. put up for ~ ³×áõñ¹Ç ѳݻÉ. ~‘s ѳٳñ åÇï³ÝÇ ã¿. above/below the ~ ë»-
agent í³×³éùÇ ·áñͳϳÉ: Õ³ÝÇ í»ñÇÝ/Ý»ñù¨Ç ͳÛñÇÝ. ~ cellar ³Õ³-
salesclerk [΄seilzkla:k] n í³×³éáÕ, ·áñͳ- Ù³Ý:
ϳï³ñ: salt [sɔ:lt] a ³ÕÇ, ³Õ³Ï³É³Í£
salesgirl [΄seilzgə:l] n í³×³éáÕáõÑÇ: salt [sɔ:lt] v (ݳ¨ ~ down) ³Õ»É, ³ÕÁ ¹Ý»É ~
saleslady [΄seilzleidi] n í³×³éáÕáõÑÇ (ï³- away one’s money in Switzerland ÷Ëμ. ÷áÕÁ
ñ»ó ÏÇÝ): Þí»Ûó³ñ³Ï³Ý μ³ÝÏ ¹Ý»É:
salesman [΄seilzmən] n, (ݳ¨ salesperson) salted [΄sɔ:ltid] a ³Õ³Í, ³ÕÁ ¹ñ³Í. ÷áñÓ-
í³×³éáÕ, ³é¨ïñ³Ï³Ý ÙÇçÝáñ¹. travelling í³Í, ÑÙáõï:
~ ßñçÇÏ í³×³éáÕ/·áñͳϳÉ. assistant ~ salt free [‚sɔ:lt΄fri:] a ³é³Ýó ³ÕÇ, ³Ý³ÉÇ. a
í³×³éáÕÇ û·Ý³Ï³Ý: ~ diet ³Ý³ÉÇ ¹Ç»ï³:
salesmanship [΄seilzmən∫ip] n í³×³é»Éáõ/ salt-junk [΄sɔ:ltdзΛŋk] n Íáí. ³ÕÁ ¹ñ³Í
³é¨ïáõñ ³Ý»Éáõ áõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ. know all ÙÇë:
about ~ ³é¨ïñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã ÇٳݳÉ: salt-marsh [΄sɔ:ltma:∫] n ³Õáõï (ÑáÕ):
salespeople [΄seilz‚pi:pl] n í³×³éáÕÝ»ñ, salt mine [΄sɔ:ltmain] n ³ÕÇ Ñ³Ýù:
·áñͳϳï³ñáÕÝ»ñ: saltpetre [‚sɔ:lt΄pi:tə] n μáñ³Ï, ë»ÉÇïñ³:
salesperson [΄seilz΄pə:sn] n ï»°ë sales- salt water [΄sɔ:lt‚wɔ:tə] a ~ fish Íáí³ÛÇÝ
man: ÓáõÏ:
saleswoman [΄seilz‚wumən] n í³×³éá- saltworks [΄sɔ:ltwə:ks] n ³ÕÇ ·áñͳñ³Ý:
ÕáõÑÇ, ³é¨ïñ³Ï³Ý ÙÇçÝáñ¹áõÑÇ: salty [΄sɔ:lti] a ³ÕÇ, ³Õ³Ñ³Ù. ÏÍáõ/ëáõñ
salience [΄seiliəns] n ó³ÛïáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ, óóáõ- Ëáëù/¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: salubrious [sə΄lu:briəs] a ³éáÕç³ñ³ñ:
salient [΄seiliənt] n ³ãùÇ ÁÝÏÝáÕ, Õ³ÛïáõÝ, salutary [΄sæljutəri] a μ³ñ»ñ³ñ, μáõÅÇã. a ~
óóáõÝ, Áݹ·Íí³Í: influence μ³ñ»ñ³ñ ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ:
saline [΄seilain] a ³Õ³ÛÇÝ. a ~ solution ³ÕÇ salutation [‚sælju΄tei∫n] n áÕçáõÛÝ:
ÉáõÍáõÛÃ. a ~ spring ³Õ³ÛÇÝ ³ÕμÛáõñ: salute [sə΄lu:t] n Ññ³í³éáõÃÛáõÝ, ë³ÉÛáõï.
saliva [sə΄laivə] n Ãáõù: áÕçáõÛÝ:
salivate [΄sæliveit] v Ãáõù ³ñï³¹ñ»É: salute [sə΄lu:t] v áÕçáõÝ»É, μ³ñ¨»É. é½Ù., Íáí.
sallow [΄sæləu] n áõé»ÝÇ, áõéÇ: å³ïÇí/áÕçáõÛÝ ï³É:
sallow [΄sæləu] a ÑÇí³Ý¹³·ÇÝ, ·áõݳï. a ~ salvage [΄sælvidз] n ÷ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ·áõÛùÇ
complexion ¹»ÕÝ³Í ¹»Ùù, ¹»ÕÇÝ ·áõÛÝÇ: ÷ñÏáõÙ (³Õ»ïÇó). é½Ù. é³½Ù³í³ñ ѳí³-
sally [΄sæli] n ½μáë³Ýù, ½μáë³ñß³í. ëñ³- ù»ÉÁ. make ~ of ÷ñÏ»É (·áõÛùÁ). (Ù³Ïáõ-
ËáëáõÃÛáõÝ: ɳïáõñ³) collect paper for ~ Ù³Ïáõɳïáõñ³
salmon [΄sæmən] n ë³ÕÙáÝ, ë³ÕÙáÝÇ ÙÇë: ѳí³ù»É. Çñ³í. ·áõÛù³÷ñÏáõÙ ~ contract
salon [΄sælɒn] n ë³ÉáÝ, ëñ³Ñ. ·»Õ³ñí»ë- ·áõÛù³÷ñÏÙ³Ý å³Ûٳݳ·Çñ. ~ costs ·áõÛ-
ï³Ï³Ý ë³ÉáÝ/ëñ³Ñ. ù³÷ñÏÙ³Ý Í³Ëë»ñ. ~ charges/operations
saloon [sə΄lu:n] n ¹³ÑÉÇ×, Áݹáõݳñ³Ý. a ÷ñϳñ³ñ³Ï³Ý ͳËë»ñ/³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñ:
salvage 713 sandwich

salvage [΄sælvidз] v ·áõÛùÁ ÷ñÏ»É (ÍáíÇ ÃáõÛÉïíáõÃÛáõÝ. without his ~ ³é³Ýó Ýñ³
íñ³, Ññ¹»ÑÇ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï). ~ scrap Ù³- ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý. (å³ïųÙÇçáó) apply ~s
Ïáõɳïáõñ³ ѳí³ù»É. ~ the old books against å³ïųÙÇçáó ÏÇñ³é»É. US ~s
÷ñÏ»É ÑÇÝ ·ñù»ñÁ: زÎ-Ç ×Ýß³ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ:
salvager [΄sælvidзə] n ÑÙÏñ·. í»ñ³- sanction [΄sæŋk∫n] v ÃáõÛÉ ï³É, ѳëï³ï»É,
ϳݷÝÙ³Ý Íñ³·Çñ: ѳí³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É. The plan has been ~ed
salvation [sæl΄vei∫n] n ÷ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ: åɳÝÁ ѳëï³ïí»ó/ѳí³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ·ï³í.
salve [sælv] n μáõÅÇã ëå»Õ³ÝÇ, μ³É³ë³Ý. ~ of public opinion ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý å³ñë³-
ѳݷëï³óÝáÕ μáõųÙÇçáó: í³Ýù:
salve [sælv] v ÷ñÏ»É ·áõÛùÁ (³Õ»ïÇó): sanctuary [΄sæŋkt∫uəri] n ëñμ³í³Ûñ, ï³-
salve [sælv] int μ³ñ¨, áÕçáõÛÝ: ׳ñ. ³å³ëï³ñ³Ý. take ~ ³å³ëï³ñ³Ý
salver [΄sælvə] n Ù³ïáõó³ñ³Ý, ëÏáõï»Õ: ÷Ýïñ»É. break the ~ ˳Ëï»É ³å³ëï³-
same [seim] a, pron ÝáõÛÝ, ÙǨÝáõÛÝ, Ùdzï»- ñ³ÝÇ ³ÝÓ»éÝÙË»ÉÇáõÃÛ³Ý Çñ³íáõÝùÁ:
ë³Ï. all the ~ ÙǨÝáõÛÝ ¿, ϳñ¨áñ ã¿. ³Û- sanctum [‚sæŋktəm] n ѳïáõÏ ³é³ÝÓݳ-
Ýáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí. much the ~ ѳٳñÛ³ ÝáõÛÝÝ ë»ÝÛ³Ï:
¿. just the ~ ×Çßï ÝáõÛÝÁ. one and the ~ ÝáõÛÝÁ, sand [sænd] n ³í³½. fine/sea ~ Ù³Ýñ/ÍáíÇ
Ñ»Ýó ÝáõÛÝÁ. the ~ ÝáõÛÝ, ÝáõÛÝÁ. feel much the ³í³½. a grain of ~ ³í³½³Ñ³ïÇÏ. heap of ~
~ ÝáõÛÝ Ó¨áí ½·³É. the very ~ day Ñ»Ýó ³Û¹ ³í³½³ÏáõÛï. a ~ dune ³í³½Ç ¹Ûáõݳ. ~s
ÝáõÛÝ ûñÁ. at the ~ time ÙǨÝáõÛÝ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï. ³í³½áõï, ÉáÕ³÷. the ~s of the desert
the ~ make of car ÝáõÛÝ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ³Ý³å³ïÇ ³í³½áõïÝ»ñÁ. Plough the ~s
Ù»ù»Ý³: Ù³Õáí çáõñ Ïñ»É, ³Ýû·áõï ·áñÍáí ½μ³Õ-
sameness [΄seimnəs] n ÝÙ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ÝáõÛ- í»É. (ųٳݳÏ) The ~s are running out ij-
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. Ùdzï»ë³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ: ٳݳÏÁ ëå³éíáõÙ ¿, ³í³ñïÁ Ùáï ¿:
sample [΄sa:mpl] n ÝÙáõß, ûñÇݳÏ. ϳճ- sandal [΄sændl] n ë³Ý¹³É (ÏáßÇÏ):
å³ñ. Ùá¹»É. pilot ~ ÷áñÓÝ³Ï³Ý ûñÇݳÏ. a sandal [sændl], sandalwood [΄sændlwud]
book of ~s ÝÙáõßÝ»ñÇ ³ÉμáÙ. ~ data ÁÝïñáíÇ n ë³Ý¹³É (÷³ÛïÇ ï»ë³Ï):
ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ. ~s of silk Ù»ï³ùëÇ ÝÙáõßÝ»ñ. ~ sandbag [΄sændbæg] n ³í³½³å³ñÏ:
taking ³Ý³ÉǽݻñÇ Ñ³ÝÓÝáõÙ. take a blood ~ sand-bank [΄sændbæŋk] n ³í³½áï ͳÝ-
³ñÛ³Ý ³Ý³ÉÇ½Ç Ñ³Ù³ñ ÝÙáõß í»ñóÝ»É. ~s ͳÕáõï:
of signature ӻ鳷ñÇ ûñÇݳÏÝ»ñ. ~ input sandblast [΄sændbla:st] v ÑÕÏ»É/Ù³ùñ»É
mode ÑÙÏñ·. ÙáõïùÇ ë³ñùÇ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñå- ³í³½áí:
Ù³Ý »Õ³Ý³Ï: sand-boy [΄sændbɔi] n as jolly as a ~ áõñ³Ë,
sample [΄sa:mpl] v ÷áñÓ»É, ѳÙï»ë»É. ³ÝÑá·:
ÝÙáõß í»ñóÝ»É. ûñÇÝ³Ï Ñ³í³ù»É. ~ wine sandglass [΄sændgla:s] n ³í³½Ç ųٳ-
·ÇÝÇ Ñ³Ùï»ë»É. ~ ÑÙÏñ·. ÇÝýáñÙ³óÇáÝ óáõÛó:
μ³½ÙáõÃÛáõÝÇó ÁÝïñ»É: sand-paper [΄sænd‚peipə] 1. n ÑÕϳÃáõÕÃ,
sampling [΄sa:mpliŋ] n ÑÙÏñ·. ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙ, ݳŹ³Ï. 2. v ݳŹ³Ï»É, ÑÕÏ»É:
÷áñÓ³ñÏ»ÉÁ: sandpit [΄sændpit] n ³í³½³Ñ³Ýù:
sanative [΄sænətiv] a μáõÅÇã, ³éáÕç³ñ³ñ: sandshoes [΄sænd∫u:z] n Ï»¹»ñ, ³í³½³-
sanatorium [‚sænə΄tɔ:riəm] n ³éáÕç³ñ³Ý, ÏáßÇÏ (Ùñ½. ÏáßÇÏ)£
ÑÇí³Ý¹³Ýáó. school ~ μÅßÏ. ¹åñáóÇ Ù»Ïáõ- sandstone [΄sændstəun] n ³í³½³ù³ñ:
ë³ñ³Ý: sand-storm [΄sændstɔ:m] n ³í³½³ÑáÕÙ,
sanctified [΄sæŋktifaid] a ëñμ³·áñÍí³Í. ë³ÙáõÙ:
ûñÑÝí³Í: sandwich [΄sændwidз] n μáõï»ñμñá¹,
sanctify [΄sæŋktifai] v ëñμ³óÝ»É. Ó»éݳ¹- ë³Ý¹íÇã. ~ man ·áí³½¹³ÏÇñ Ù³ñ¹:
ñ»É, ³ëïÇ×³Ý ßÝáñÑ»É. ûñÑÝ»É. í³í»ñ³ó- sandwich [΄sændwidз] v Ù»çï»ÕÁ ËóÏ»É/
Ý»É: ï»Õ³íáñ»É. ~ between Ù»çï»ÕÁ ËóÏ»É/ï»-
sanction [΄sæŋk∫n] n í³í»ñ³óáõÙ, ѳëï³- Õ³íáñ»É. The child was ~ed between the two
ïáõÙ. ѳí³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ. . women ºñ»Ë³ÛÇÝ ï»Õ³íáñ»É ¿ÇÝ »ñÏáõ
sandy 714 saturate

ϳݳÝó Ù»çï»ÕáõÙ: sarcophagus [sa:΄kɒfəgəs] n ù³ñ³ï³-


sandy [΄sændi] a ³í³½áï, ³í³½³ÛÇÝ. å³Ý, ë³ñÏáý³·:
¹»ÕݳϳñÙÇñ ·áõÛÝ. ~ soil ³í³½³ÑáÕ: sardine [‚sa:΄di:n] n ë³ñ¹ÇݳÓáõÏ. ë³ñ¹ÇÝ.
sane [sein] a ³éáÕç ÝáñÙ³É. áÕç³ÙÇï, packed like ~s ã³÷³½³Ýó ËÇï. ËóÏí³Í,
³éáÕç ¹³ïáÕáõÃÛ³Ý ï»ñ. ˻ɳóÇ: Çñ³ñ ë»ÕÙí³Í:
sang-froid [‚sa:ŋ΄frwa:] n ë³éݳñÛáõÝáõ- sash I [sæ∫] n ·áïÇ:
ÃÛáõÝ, ÇÝùݳïÇñ³å»ïáõÙ: sash II [sæ∫] n å³ïáõѳÝÇ ³å³Ï»Ï³É. ~
sanguinary [΄sæŋgwinəri] a ³ñÛáõݳÉÇ, ³ñ- window μ³ñÓñ³óÝáíÇ Éáõë³Ùáõï. ~ cord
ÛáõÝáï. ³ñÛáõݳËáõÙ: å³ïáõѳÝÇ å³ñ³ÝÁ:
sanguine [΄sæŋgwin] a ë³Ý·íÇÝÇÏ, Ï»Ýëáõ- Satan [΄seitn] n ë³ï³Ý³:
ñ³Ë, Åñ³ñÛáõÝ: satanic [sə΄tænik] a ë³ï³Ý³Û³Ï³Ý:
sanguineous [sæŋ΄gwiniəs] a ÉdzñÛáõÝ, ·»- satchel [΄sæt∫əl] n å³Ûáõë³Ï:
ñ³ñÛáõÝ. ³ñÛáõݳÛÇÝ. ³ñݳ·áõÛÝ: sate [seit] v ѳ·»óÝ»É. Ïßï³óÝ»É:
sanitarian [‚sænə΄teəriən] n ë³ÝÇï³ñ³- satellite [΄sætəlait] n ³ñμ³ÝÛ³Ï. space ~
Ï³Ý ï»ëáõã: ³ëïÕ·. ³ñμ³ÝÛ³Ï. communications ~ ϳåÇ
sanitary [΄sænətəri] 1. a ë³ÝÇï³ñ³Ï³Ý, ³ñμ³ÝÛ³Ï. manned ~ ³ÝÓݳϳ½Ù áõÝ»óáÕ
³éáÕç³å³Ñ³Ï³Ý. 2. n ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ³ñμ³ÝÛ³Ï. ~ town/state ³ñμ³ÝÛ³Ï ù³Õ³ù/
½áõ·³ñ³Ý. ~ towel ÑÇ·Ç»ÝÇÏ Ï³å, íÇñ³- »ñÏÇñ:
ϳå: satiated [΄sei∫ieitid] a ѳ·»ó³Í, Ïßï³ó³Í.
sanitation [‚sæni΄tei∫n] n ³éáÕçáõÃÛáõÝ, eat till be ~ áõï»É ÙÇÝ㨠ÉñÇí Ïßï³Ý³ÉÁ:
Ù³ùñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ level Ù³ùñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³Ï³ñ- satiety [sə΄taiəti] n ѳ·»ó³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳ·»-
¹³Ï. Ñá·»Ï³Ý ³éáÕçáõÃÛáõÝ: óáõÙ. Ïßï³óáõÙ:
sanity [΄sænəti] n áÕç³ÙïáõÃÛáõÝ, ³éáÕç satin [΄sætin] n, a ³ïɳë, Ï»ñå³ë. ³ïɳ-
¹³ïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. question one’s ~ ϳëϳÍÇ ë», Ï»ñå³ë»:
»ÝóñÏ»É Ù»ÏÇ áÕç³ÙïáõÃÛáõÝÁ. ~ of satire [΄sætaiə] n »ñ·ÇͳÝù, ë³ïÇñ³:
thought ϳñÍÇùÇ Ë»É³ÙïáõÃÛáõÝ: satiric(al) [sə΄tirik(l)] a »ñ·ÇͳϳÝ, ͳÕ-
Santa-Claus [‚sæntəklɔ:z] n ÒÙ»é å³åÇ: ñ³Ï³Ý:
sap [sæp]1. n μáõë³ÑÛáõÃ. Ï»ÝëáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ. satirist [΄sætərist] n »ñ·Çͳμ³Ý:
2. v áõÅ»ñÁ ÑÛáõÍ»É. ~ confidence ÷Ëμ. satirize [΄sætəraiz] v ͳÕñ»É, »ñ·ÇͳÝùÇ
ÇÝùݳíëï³ÑáõÃÛáõÝÁ ˳Ëï»É/·ó»É: »ÝóñÏ»É. The play ~s modern morals äÇ»ëÁ
saphead [΄sæphed] n ÑÇÙ³ñÇ ·ÉáõË. ͳÕñáõÙ ¿ ųٳݳϳÏÇó μ³ñù»ñÁ:
ïËÙ³ñ: satisfaction [‚sætis΄fæk∫n] n μ³í³ñ³ñáõ-
sapid [΄sæpid] a ѳٻÕ, ³ËáñųѳÙ. Ñ»- ÃÛáõÝ, ·áѳóáõÙ. ÷áËѳïáõóáõÙ. in ~ of Ç
ï³ùñùÇñ, μáí³Ý¹³Ï³ÉÇó (½ñáõÛó): μ³í³ñ³ñáõÙÝ. a feeling of great ~ Ù»Í
sapient [΄seipiənt] a Ñ»·Ý. ÇÙ³ëïáõÝ, Ë»É- μ³í³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ/μ³í³ñ³ñáõÙ:
ùÇÝ ½áé ïíáÕ: satisfactory [‚sætis΄fæktəri] a μ³í³ñ³ñ,
sapless [΄sæpləs] a áõųëå³é, ÑÛáõÍí³Í. ·áѳóáõóÇã, ѳÙá½Çã. There is no ~ explana-
³Ý·áõÛÝ, ³ÝÏÛ³Ýù, ³Ýμáí³Ý¹³Ï: tion âϳ ·áѳóáõóÇã μ³ó³ïñáõÃÛáõÝ:
sapling [΄sæpliŋ] n Ýáñ³ïáõÝÏ Í³é. å³- satisf/y [΄sætisfai] v μ³í³ñ³ñ»É, ѳٳå³-
ï³ÝÇ, »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹: ï³ë˳ݻÉ. ~ requirements/conditions ѳٳ-
sapper [΄sæpə] n ë³Ïñ³íáñ: å³ï³ëË³Ý»É å³Ñ³ÝçÝ»ñÇÝ/å³ÛÙ³Ý-
sapphire [΄sæfaiə] n, a ß³÷ÛáõÕ³. ß³÷Ûáõ- Ý»ñÇÝ. be ~ied ·áÑ/μ³í³ñ³ñí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. ~
Õ³ÛÇ: one’s hënger ù³ÕóÁ ѳ·»óÝ»É. (ѳÙá½(í)»É)
sappy [΄sæpi] a ÑÛáõóÉÇ, ÑÛáõûÕ. áõ- I’m ~ied that ...ºë ѳÙá½í³Í »Ù, áñ..:
Åáí/»é³Ý¹áí ÉÇ: satisfying [΄sætisfaiiŋ] a μ³í³ñ³ñáÕ. a ~
sarcasm [΄sa:kæz(ə)m] n ÏÍáõ ͳÕñ³Ýù. lunch Ïáõßï/Ïßï³óÝáÕ ×³ß:
˳ÛÃáÕ Ñ»·Ý³Ýù. ë³ñϳ½Ù: saturate [΄sæt∫əreit] v ѳ·»óÝ»É, Ïßï³óÝ»É.
sarcastic [sa:΄kæstik] a ͳÕñ³Ï³Ý, ÏÍáõ - ѳٳϻÉ, ÍÍ»óÝ»É, Ãñçí»É. My shoes are
Ñ»·Ý³Ï³Ý, ë³ñϳëïÇÏ: ~d ÎáßÇÏÝ»ñë Ãñçí»É »Ý. The ground is ~d
saturation 715 saw-mill

¶»ïÇÝÁ ËáÝ³í ¿. The car market is ~d property ÷ñÏ»É Ù»ÏÇ ÏÛ³ÝùÁ/áõÝ»óí³ÍùÁ. ~


Ø»ù»Ý³Ý»ñÇ ßáõÏ³Ý ·»ñѳ·»ó³Í ¿/áÕáÕ- from danger/death ÷ñÏ»É íï³Ý·Çó/Ù³ÑÇó. ~
í³Í ¿: the situation ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÷ñÏ»É. (ËݳۻÉ, Ñ»ï
saturation [‚sæt∫ə΄rei∫n] n ѳ·»óáõÙ, ¹Ý»É) She has ~d 100 dol. ܳ Ñ»ï ¿ ¹ñ»É 100
Ïßï³óáõÙ. ѳ·»ó³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ: ¹áɳñ. ~ me a seat ÆÝÓ Ñ³Ù³ñ ï»Õ å³ÑÇñ.
Saturday [΄sætədei] n ß³μ³Ã: (å³Ñå³Ý»É, å³Ñ»É) ~ oneself å³Ñå³Ý»É
Saturn [΄sætə:n] n ³ëïÕ·. ÈáõëÝó·. ¹Çó. Çñ áõÅ»ñÁ. ~ me from ²½³ï»ù ÇÝÓ. ~ a lot
ê³ïáõéÝ: of time ³Ñ³·ÇÝ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ËݳۻÉ. ~ a lot
saturnine [΄sætənain] a Ùé³ÛÉ, ËáÅáé: of bother ·É˳ó³í³ÝùÇó/÷áñÓ³ÝùÇó ³-
satyr [΄sætə] n ³Ûͳٳñ¹, ë³ïÇñ: ½³ï»É. ~ up for the summer ÷áÕ ïÝï»ë»É
sauce [sɔ:s] n ѳٻÙáõÝù, ëááõë. poignant ~ ³Ù³é³ÛÇÝ ³ñÓ³Ïáõñ¹Ý»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. He is
ÏÍáõ ëááõë. ËëÏó. ѳݹ·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ What ~ ! saving himself for the match ܳ Çñ»Ý å³Ñ-
Æ°Ýã ѳݹ·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: å³ÝáõÙ ¿ ÙñóáõÛÃÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. ÑÙÏñ·. save
sauce-boat [΄sɔ:sbəut] n ëááõëÇ ³Ù³Ý: ÑÇß»É, å³Ñ»É. ~ copy å³Ñ»É å³ï×»ÝÁ. ~
saucebox [΄sɔ:sbɒks] n ËëÏó. ³Ýå³ï- search ÷ÝïñÙ³Ý å³Ñå³ÝáõÙ. ~ area å³Ñ-
ϳé/ÉåÇñß ³ÝÓ: å³ÝÙ³Ý ïÇñáõÛÃ:
saucepan [΄sɔ:spən] n (Ï»ñ³Ïñ³) ϳÃë³: save [seiv] prep, conj μ³óÇ, μ³ó³éáõÃÛ³Ùμ.
saucer [΄sɔ:sə] n ûÛÇ åݳÏ, μ³Å³Ï³åݳÏ. ~ and except μ³ó³éáõÃÛ³Ùμ, ãѳßí³Í:
flying ~s ÷Ëμ. ÃéãáÕ ³÷ë»: save-all [΄seiv‚ɔ:l] n ѳïáõÏ ³ñï³Ñ³-
saucy [΄sɔ:si] a ÉåÇñß, ³Ý»ñ»ë. ËëÏó. å×ݳ- ·áõëï, ÏáÙμÇÝ»½áÝ:
½³ñ¹, ßù»Õ, Ùá¹³ÛÇÏ. ¹Åí³ñ³Ñ³×, ùÙ³- saving(s) [΄seiviŋ(z)] 1. n ïÝï»ëáõÙ. Ëݳ-
ѳ×. a ~ little girl ѳݹáõ·Ý ³ÕçÇÏ. Don’t be ÛáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. a considerable ~ in time/money
~ ! âѳݹ·Ý»°ë. ì»ñç ïáõñ ѳݹ·Ýáõ- ųٳݳÏÇ/÷áÕÇ ½·³ÉÇ ËݳÛáõÙ. 2. prep
Ã۳ݹ. a ~ little hat ÏáÏ»ï/åãñ³ÉÇ ·É˳ñÏ£ μ³ó³éáõÃÛ³Ùμ. ~ your presence Ý»ñ»ó»ù
sauerkraut [΄sauəkraut] n ÃÃáõ ϳճÙμ: ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÃÛ³Ýë. ~ clause Çñ³í. ËݳÛ-
sauna [΄sɔ:nə] n ýÇÝÝ³Ï³Ý μ³ÕÝÇù: Ù³Ý ¹ñáõÛÃ. ~(s) acount ³í³Ý¹³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ßÇí:
saunter [΄sɔ:ntə] 1. n ½μáë³Ýù. 2. v ½μáëÝ»É, savings-bank [΄seiviŋzbæŋk] n ËݳÛáÕ³-
×»Ù»É. ~ up and down the street ÷áÕáóáõÙ Ï³Ý ¹ñ³Ù³ñÏÕ£
½μáëÝ»É: saviour [΄seivjə] n ÷ñÏÇã:
sausage [΄sɒsidз] n »ñßÇÏ, Ýñμ»ñßÇÏ. ~ meat savour [΄seivə]1. n ѳÙ. ï³ñμ»ñÇã ѳïϳ-
»ñßÇÏÇ ÉóáÝ. ~ roll Ýñμ»ñßÇÏáí ϳñϳÝ- ÝÇß. ѳÙáõÑáï. 2. v ѳ٠ï³É. ѳ×áõÛùáí
¹³Ï. slice of ~ »ñßÇÏÇ ÙÇ ß»ñï. boil/fry ~ í³Û»É»É. ³Ýáõß ³Ý»É. ~ every mouthful í³Û»-
»÷»É/ï³å³Ï»É Ýñμ»ñßÇÏ: É»É Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ å³ï³é:
savage [΄sævidз] n í³Ûñ»ÝÇ. ÏáåÇï/¹³Å³Ý savoury [΄seivəri] n ÏÍáõ. μ³ñÏ, μ³ñϳѳÙ.
Ù³ñ¹: ѳٻÕ, ѳÙáí:
savage [΄sævidз] a í³Ûñ»ÝÇ, í³ÛñÇ. ¹³Å³Ý, savoy [sə΄vɔi] n ·³Ý·ñ³Ï³Õ³Ùμ:
í³Ûñ³·. ~ tribes í³ÛñÇ ó»Õ»ñ. ~ life ݳË- savvy [΄sævi] n ËëÏó. ÁÙμéÝáõÙ, ÁÙμéÝáÕáõ-
ݳ¹³ñÛ³Ý ÏÛ³Ýù. a ~ dog ϳï³Õ³Í ßáõÝ. ÃÛáõÝ. S~ ! гëϳݳÉDZ ¿. No ~ â»Ù ѳë-
~ existence ݳËݳ¹³ñÛ³Ý ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ. get ~ ϳÝáõÙ:
ϳï³Õ»É: saw [sɔ:]1. n ëÕáó. circular ~ ÏÉáñ ëÕáó,
savage [΄sævidз] v ѳßÙ»É, ³Ûɳݹ³Ï»É. The μáÉáñ³ëÕáó. 2. v ëÕáó»É. ~ off/up ëÕáóáí
book was ~d by critics ÷Ëμ. øÝݳ¹³ïÝ»ñÁ Ù³Ýñ³óÝ»É:
·ñùÇó μ³Ý ãÃáÕ»óÇÝ/ù³ñÁ ù³ñÇ íñ³ sawdust [΄sɔ:dΛst] n û÷, ëÕáóáõÏ:
ãÃáÕ»óÇÝ: saw-edged [΄sɔ:edзd] a ëÕáóÇ ë³Ûñ
savagery [΄sævidзəri] n í³Ûñ»ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ¹³- áõÝ»óáÕ. a ~ knife ëÕáóÇ ³ï³ÙÝ»ñáí
ųÝáõÃÛáõÝ: ¹³Ý³Ï:
savanna [sə΄vænə] n ³ßËñ. ë³í³Ýݳ, saw-horse [΄sɔ:hɔ:s] n ÇßáïÝáõÏ ëÕáó»Éáõ
Áݹ³ñÓ³Ï ï³÷³ëï³Ý ²Ù»ñÇϳÛáõÙ: ѳٳñ.
save [seiv] v ÷ñÏ»É, ³½³ï»É. ~ smb’s life/ saw-mill [΄sɔ:mil] n ëÕáó³ñ³Ý:
sawyer 716 scan

sawyer [΄sɔ:jə] n ëÕáóáÕ μ³Ýíáñ, ëÕáóÇã: ÑÙÏñ·. ëϳÉÛ³ñÇ ïÇå/ï»ë³Ï:


saxophone [΄sæksəfəun] n »ñÅß. ë³ùëáýáÝ: scald [skɔ:ld] n ³Ûñí³Íù. ~ marks ³Ûñí³ÍùÇ
say [sei] v ³ë»É. Everybody ~s ´áÉáñÝ ³ëáõÙ Ñ»ïù»ñ:
»Ý. ~ aloud/softly/sadly/thoughtfully ³ë»É scald [skɔ:ld] v ˳ß(í)»É, ³Ûñ(í)»É (»éçñáí,
μ³ñÓñ/Ù»ÕÙ/ïñïÙáñ»Ý/Ùï³ÍÏáï. let’s ~ ßá·Çáí):
³ë»Ýù. if I may ~ »Ã» ϳñ»ÉÇ ¿ ³ë»É. The scalding [΄skɔ:ldiŋ] a ³ÛñáÕ. ~ (hot) ß³ï
law ~s úñ»ÝùÝ ³ëáõÙ ¿. ~ no/yes ÅËï»É, ï³ù:
Ù»ñÅ»É/ѳëï³ï»É, ѳٳӳÛÝí»É. (μ³ó³- scale I [skeil] n ~ s ϻݹ. û÷áõÏ (ÓϳÝ, ëá-
ϳÝã³Ï³Ý) I ~ ! ÈëÇñ. You don’t ~ so! âÇ ÕáõÝÝ»ñÇ). û÷ (Ù³ßÏÇ). Ýëïí³Íù (û۳-
ϳñáÕ å³ï³Ñ»É. S~ no more ! ²Ù»Ý` ÇÝã Ù³ÝÇ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ). Ýëïí³Íù, ù³ñ (³ï³ÙÇ ñ³):
å³ñ½ ¿. I should ~ sû! γñÍáõÙ »Ù, scale II [skeil] n Ïßé³Ã³Ã, Ïßé³ù³ñ. a pair
ºÝó¹ñáõÙ »Ù. to ~ nothing ãËáë»Éáí that ‘s of ~s Ïß»éù. kitchen ~s ËáѳÝáóÇ Ïß»éù:
to ~ ³ÛëÇÝùÝ. It goes without ~ing scale III [skeil] n Ù³ëßï³μ, ã³÷³óáõÛó,
ÆÝùÝÁëïÇÝùÛ³Ý Ñ³ëϳݳÉÇ ¿. That doesn’t ë³Ý¹Õ³Ï. decimal ~ ï³ëÝáñ¹³Ï³Ý
~ much ¸³ ùÇã μ³Ý ¿/àãÇÝã ãÇ ³ëáõÙ. He is Ù³ëßï³μ. ~ of the thermometer ç»ñÙ³ã³÷Ç
said ...²ëáõÙ »Ý, áñ ݳ... Easier said than done ë³Ý¹Õ³Ï. the ~ of wages/payment ³ß˳ï³-
²ë»ÉÁ ³Ý»Éáõó Ñ»ßï ¿. No sooner said than í³ñÓÇ/í׳ñÙ³Ý ë³Ý¹Õ³Ï. on a lar-
done ²ë»ÉÝ áõ ³Ý»ÉÁ Ù»Ï »Õ³í. The less said ge/small/widest ~ Ù»Í/÷áùñ/ɳÛÝ Ù³ëßï³-
the better ÆÝãù³Ý ùÇã ³ëíÇ, ³ÛÝù³Ý ɳí. μáí. full ~ ÉñÇí ͳí³É. a large ~ work Ù»Í
(»Ýó¹ñ»É) S~ he refuses to come Ù³ëßï³μÇ ·áñÍ. the ~ of the planning
ºÝó¹ñ»Ýùª ݳ Ññ³Å³ñíÇ ·³Éáõó. Let’s åɳݳíáñÙ³Ý Ã³÷. »ñÅß. ·³ÙÙ³, »É¨¿ç.
meet, ~, at 5 o’clock ºÏ»ù ѳݹÇå»Ýù, ~ factor ÑÙÏñ·. Ù³ëßï³μ³íáñÙ³Ý ·áñ-
³ë»Ýù, Å. 5-ÇÝ: ͳÏÇó£
say [sei] n ³ë»ÉÇù, Ëáëù. You have had your ~ scale I [skeil] v ù»ñ»Éáí Ù³ùñ»É. ~ teeth
¸áõ ùá ËáëùÁ ³ë³óÇñ. (ϳñÍÇù) have one’s ³ï³ÙÝ»ñÇ ù³ñÁ Ù³ùñ»É. åÉáÏí»É (Ý»ñÏ,
~ ϳñÍÇù ѳÛïÝ»É, ³ñï³Ñ³Ûïí»É. It is Ù³ßÏ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ):
now my ~ ÐÇÙ³ Ëáë»Éáõ ÇÙ Ñ»ñÃÝ ¿: scale II [skeil] v Ù³·Éó»É, μ³ñÓñ³Ý³É (³ë-
saying [΄seiiŋ] n ³ë³óí³Íù, ³é³Í. as the ~ ïÇ׳ÝÝ»ñáí). ѳëÝ»É:
goes ÇÝãå»ë ³ëáõÙ »Ý. There is no ~ ¸Åí³ñ scaled [skeild] a û÷áõϳíáñ, û÷³íáñ.
¿ ³ë»É: Ýëïí³Íùáí ͳÍÏí³Í:
say-so [΄seisəu] n ËëÏó. ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, scaling [΄skeiliŋ] n ÑÙÏñ·. Ù³ëßï³μ³íá-
ѳï³ïáõÙ. í»ñçÝ³Ï³Ý Ï³ñÍÇù: ñáõÙ:
scab [skæb] 1. n ·áñͳ¹áõɳμ»Ï. ¹³í³×³Ý, scallop [΄skɒləp] n Ë»óÇ (ϳÏÕ³ÙáñÃÇ):
ßïñ»ÛÏμñ»Ë»ñ. 2. a ßïñ»ÛÏμñ»Ë»ñ³Ï³Ý. scalpel [΄skælpl] n μÅßÏ. ëϳÉå»É (íÇñ³μáõ-
ϳ߳éíáÕ, ͳËáõ: Å³Ï³Ý ¹³Ý³Ï):
scabbard [΄skæbəd]1. n å³ïÛ³Ý. 2. v scaly [΄skeili] a û÷áõϳíáñ, û÷áõÏáí
å³ïÛ³ÝÁ ¹Ý»É: ͳÍÏí³Í:
scabbies [΄skeibi:z] n ùáë, ·áÝç: scamp [skæmp] n ³ÝåÇï³Ý/³Ý³ñ· Ù³ñ¹.
scabby [΄skæbi] a ùáëáï, ùáëáí ÑÇí³Ý¹. a thorough ~ ³Ýå»ïù Ù³ñ¹. ËëÏó. ³Ý÷áõÛÃ
ËëÏó. ³Ýå»ïù, ùáëáï: ³ß˳ïáÕ. ~ one’s work ³Ý÷áõÛà ³ß˳-
scabrous [΄skeibrəs] a Ëáñ¹áõμáñ¹, ³Ý- ï»É:
ѳñÃ, ³ÝáÕáñÏ. ÷Ëμ. ͳÝñ, ¹Åí³ñÇÝ: scamper [΄skæmpə] 1. n ³ñ³· í³½ù.
scaffold [΄skæfəuld] n ÷³Ûï³Ù³Í, ɳë- ³ñ³·/³Ýáõß³¹Çñ ÁÝûñóáõÙ. 2. v ³ñ³·
ï³Ï. ϳé³÷ݳñ³Ý. go to the ~ ϳé³÷- í³½»É. ~ away/off ÷³Ëã»É, ÍÉÏ»É. The
ݳñ³Ý ·Ý³É. ·É˳ïí»É. send to the ~ ϳ- children ~ed off ºñ»Ë³Ý»ñÁ ÷³Ë³Ý
é³÷ݳñ³Ý áõÕ³ñÏ»É: ï³ñμ»ñ áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí:
scaffolding [΄skæfəuldiŋ] n ÷³Ûï³Ù³Í, scan [skæn] v ³ãùÇ ³ÝóϳóÝ»É. μÝëï.
ɳëï³Ï (ß»ÝùÇ): í³Ýϳ߻ßï»É, ß»ßï³ã³÷»É. This line
scalar [΄skeilə] n ÑÙÏñ·. ëϳÉÛ³ñ. ~ type doesn’t ~ ²Ûë ïáÕÁ ãÇ ß»ßï³ã³÷íáõÙ:
scandal 717 scene

scandal [΄skændl] n ˳Ûï³é³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ³Ñ³íáñ í³Ë»ó³í. ~ away ËñïÝ»óÝ»É:


μ³Ùμ³ë³Ýù. talk ~ μ³Ùμ³ë»É. a political ~ scarecrow [΄skeəkrəu] n ËñïíÇɳÏ:
ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý ëϳݹ³É. create/hush up a ~ scaremonger [΄skeə‚mΛŋgə] n Ëáõ׳å³-
ëï»ÕÍ»É/³é³ç³óÝ»É ëϳݹ³É. ëϳݹ³ÉÁ ñ³ñ:
ÏáÍÏ»É/ÁÝóóù ãï³É: scarf [ska:f] n í½Ýáó, ϳßÝ», í½Ï³å. head ~
scandalize [΄skændlaiz] v ˳Ûï³é³Ï»É. ·É˳ßáñ:
íÇñ³íáñ»É, ³ÙáóÝù ï³É. She was ~d ܳ scarlet [΄ska:lət] 1. n ³É ϳñÙÇñ ·áõÛÝ. 2. a
˳Ûï³é³Ïí»ó: ³É, ³É ϳñÙÇñ:
scandalmonger [΄skændl‚mΛŋgə] n μ³Ù- scarp [ska:p] n ½³éÇí³Ûñ ɳÝç, ¹³ñ³É³Ýç:
μ³ëáÕ/μ³Ùμ³ë³Ýù ï³ñ³ÍáÕ ³ÝÓ: scary [΄skeəri] a ËëÏó. ³Ñ³íáñ, ë³ñë³÷
scandalous [΄skændləs] a ˳Ûï³é³Ï, ³½¹áÕ. í³ËÏáï, »ñÏãáï:
˳Ûï³é³ÏÇã. íÇñ³íáñ³Ï³Ý. ½ñå³ñïÇã. scathe [skeið] 1. n íݳë. without ~ ³Ýíݳë,
~ rumours ˳Ûï³é³Ï Éáõñ»ñ. ~ conditions ãíݳëí³Í. 2. v íݳë å³ï׳é»É, íݳë»É:
³Ñ³íáñ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ: scathing [΄skeiðiŋ] a Ãáõݹ. ÏÍáõ. a ~ glance
scanner [΄skænə] n Éáϳïáñ³ÛÇÝ ³É»Ñ³- ˳ÛÃÇã/áãÝã³óÝáÕ Ñ³Û³óù. a ~ remark
í³ù ÑÙÏñ·. É»ùëÇÏ³Ï³Ý ³Ý³Éǽ³ïáñ£ ÏÍáõ/Ãáõݹ ³ÏݳñÏ:
scanning [΄skæniŋ] n ѻﳽáïáõÙ, scathless [΄skeiðləs] a ³Ýíݳë, ãíݳëí³Í:
áñáÝáõÙ. ÃéáõóÇÏ ÁÝûñóáõÙ: scatter [΄skætə] v óñ»É ß³Õ ï³É, óÇñáõó³Ý
scant, scanty [skænt, ΄skænti] a ³Õù³ïÇÏ, ³Ý»É. ~ seeds ë»ñÙ»ñ ß³Õ ï³É/ó³Ý»É. ~
ËÕ×áõÏ. ~ vegetation ³Õù³ïÇÏ μáõë³Ï³- one’s belongings Çñ»ñÁ ß³Õ ï³É ïÝáí Ù»Ï. ~
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. be ~ of ãÑ»ñÇù»É, å³Ï³ë»É. ~ of crumbs for the birds ÃéãáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ
breath ßÝã³ëå³é, ßÝã³Ñ»ÕÓ: ÷ßñ³ÝùÝ»ñ ß³Õ ï³É. thinly ~ed population
scapegoat [΄skeipgəut] n ù³íáõÃÛ³Ý Ýá- Ýáëñ μݳϻóí³Í μݳÏãáõÃÛáõÝ. (óñí»É)
˳½: The birds ~ed ÂéãáõÝÝ»ñÁ Ãé³Ý ï³ñμ»ñ
scapegrace [΄skeipgreis] n ¹³ï³ñϳßñçÇÏ ÏáÕÙ»ñ (óñí»óÇÝ). be ~ed ÑáÕÙ³óñÇí ÉÇÝ»É
(Ù³ñ¹). ÷áõã Ù³ñ¹, ëï³Ñ³Ï: (ÑáõÛë»ñ, åɳÝÝ»ñ). The police ~ed the crowd
scar I [ska:]1. n ëåÇ. ÷Ëμ. μÇÍ, ˳Ûï³é³- àëïÇϳÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ óñ»ó ³ÙμáËÁ. My friends
ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. 2. v ëådzݳÉ, ëåÇÝ»ñáí ͳÍÏ- are ~ed all over the world ÀÝÏ»ñÝ»ñë óñí³Í
í»É. His face is ~ red. ¸»ÙùÁ ëåÇÝ»ñáí ¿ »Ý ³ß˳ñÑáí Ù»Ï:
ͳÍÏí³Í: scatter-brain [΄skætəbrein] n ûèëáÉÇÏ/
scar II [ska:] n ųÛé, ³å³é³Å. ù³ñ³÷: ûè³ÙÇï Ù³ñ¹:
scaramouch [΄skærəmu:t∫] n ³ÝåÇï³Ý/ scatter-brained [΄skætəbreind] a ûèëá-
÷áõã/¹³ï³ñϳåáñï Ù³ñ¹: ÉÇÏ, ûè³ÙÇï:
scarce [΄skeəs] a ë³Ï³í, ùÇã ù³Ý³Ïáí. a ~ scattered [΄skætəd] a óñí³Í, óÇñáõó³Ý.
commodity ¹»ýÇóÇï³ÛÇÝ ³åñ³Ýù. Eggs ³é³ÝÓÇÝ, ³Ýç³ï. ~ clouds óñÇí »Ï³Í
are ~ ÒáõÝ ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ ¿ ׳ñíáõÙ. ~ op- ³Ùå»ñ:
portunity ѳ½í³·Ûáõï Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. scatty [΄skæti] a ËëÏó. ˻ɳå³Ï³ë£
make oneself ~ Çñ»Ý Ñ»éáõ å³Ñ»É, ãùëí»É: scavenge [΄skævindз] v ³Õμ ѳí³ù»É (÷á-
scarcely [΄skeəsli] adv ѳ½Çí. ѳ½Çí/¹Åí³ñ ÕáóÝ»ñáõÙ). ~ in the dustbins ÷Ëμ.
û. I ~ know him ºë Ýñ³Ý ѳٳñÛ³ ã»Ù ³Õμ³Ù³ÝÝ»ñÁ ùñùñ»É:
׳ݳãáõÙ. I can ~ walk г½Çí »Ù ù³ÛÉáõÙ: scavenger [΄skævindзə] n ³Õμ³Ñ³í³ù:
scarcity [΄skeəsəti] n ë³Ï³íáõÃÛáõÝ, å³Ï³- scavenging [΄skævindзiŋ] n ³Õμ³Ñ³Ýáõ-
ëáõÃÛáõÝ. times of great ~ Ù»Í ¹Åí³ñáõ- ÃÛáõÝ, ³Õμ ѳí³ù»ÉÁ:
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ/ϳñÇùÇ ï³ñÇÝ»ñ: scenario [sə΄na:riəu] n ëó»Ý³ñ:
scare [skeə] n ³Ñ, ë³ñë³÷. Ëáõ׳å. You scene [si:n] n ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛ³Ý í³Ûñ. ³ëå³-
gave me such a ~ ¸áõ ÇÝÓ ³ÛÝå»ë í³Ë»ó- ñ»½, μݳ·³í³é. the ~ of the crime ѳÝó³-
ñÇñ: ·áñÍáõÃÛ³Ý í³ÛñÁ. the political ~ ù³Õ³ù³-
scare [skeə] v í³Ë»óÝ»É, ë³ñë³÷»óÝ»É. She Ï³Ý ÙÃÝáÉáñïÁ. a change of the ~ ѳݷ³-
was ~d ܳ í³Ë»ó³í. He was ~d stiff ܳ Ù³ÝùÝ»ñÇ/Çñ³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝ. ~
scenery 718 school I

of the disaster ³Õ»ïÇ í³ÛñÁ. óïñ. (μ»Ù, schematic [ski:΄mætik] a ë˻ٳïÇÏ,


ï»ë³ñ³Ý) a striking ~ óÝóáÕ ï»ë³ñ³Ý. the ·Í³å³ïÏ»ñáí Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í:
opening ~ μ³óÙ³Ý ï»ë³ñ³Ý. behind the ~s scheme [ski:m] n áõñí³·ÇÍ, åɳÝ, ݳ˳-
μ»ÙÇ/ÏáõÉÇëÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï¨áõÙ. a ~ painter/shifter ·ÇÍ, Íñ³·Çñ. ѳٳϳñ·. have got a crazy ~
Ó¨³íáñáÕ ÝϳñÇã. μ»ÙÇ μ³Ýíáñ. (ï»- ˻ɳé Íñ³·Çñ/åÉ³Ý áõݻݳÉ. work on/out a
ë³ñ³Ý, å³ïÏ»ñ) a typical ~ of French life ~ Íñ³·Çñ Ù߳ϻÉ/-Ç íñ³ ³ß˳ï»É. μ³Ý-
ýñ³ÝëÇ³Ï³Ý ÏÛ³ÝùÇ ïÇå³Ï³Ý/μÝáñáß ë³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ÇÝïñÇ·:
å³ïÏ»ñ. a terrible ~ of earthquake »ñÏñ³- scheme [ski:m] v åɳÝÝ»ñ/ݳ˳·ÇÍ
ß³ñÅÇ ³Ñ³íáñ ï»ë³ñ³Ý. (ÏéÇí, ëϳÝ- ϳ½Ù»É. μ³Ýë³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É. They are
¹³É) make a ~ at the wedding ѳñë³ÝÇùÇ scheming to get rid of him Üñ³Ýù åɳ-
Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ÏéÇí ë³ñù»É. I hate ~s î³Ý»É ã»Ù ݳíáñáõÙ »Ý ³½³ïí»É Ýñ³ÝÇó:
ϳñáÕ Ë³Ûï³é³Ï ï»ë³ñ³ÝÝ»ñ: schemer [΄ski:mə] n μ³Ýë³ñÏáõ, ˳ñ¹³-
scenery [΄si:nəri] n ÁݹѳÝáõñ ï»ë³ñ³Ý, í³ÝÇã:
μݳå³ïÏ»ñ. μ»Ù³Ýϳñ, ¹»Ïáñ³ódz. scheming [΄ski:miŋ] a μ³Ýë³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ.
mountain ~ É»éݳÛÇÝ μݳå³ïÏ»ñ: ˳ñ¹³ËáõÃÛáõÝ, ݻݷáõÃÛáõÝ, Ù»ù»Ý³Ûáõ-
scenic [΄si:nik] a ·»Õ³ï»ëÇÉ. óï»ñ³Ï³Ý, ÃÛáõÝ:
μ»Ù³Ï³Ý. ~ effefcts μ»Ù³Ï³Ý ¿ýý»ÏïÝ»ñ: schism [΄skizəm] n »Ï»Õ. Ñ»ñÓí³Í, ³Õ³Ý¹,
scent [sent] n Ñáï, μáõñÙáõÝù. ~s ûͳݻÉÇù Ñ»ñ»ïÇÏáëáõÃÛáõÝ:
(¹áõËÇ). use too much ~ ã³÷³½³Ýó ß³ï schismatic [skiz΄mætik] n Ñ»ñÓí³ÍáÕ,
ûͳݻÉÇù û·ï³·áñÍ»É. (áñëáñ¹. Ñ»ïù) ³Õ³Ý¹³íáñ³Ï³Ý:
blazing/hot ~ óñÙ Ñ»ïù. pick up/lose the ~ schizophrenic [‚skitsəu΄frenik] n ßǽáýñ»-
Ñ»ïùÁ ·ïÝ»É/ÏáñóÝ»É. be on the false ~ ÝÇÏ:
÷Ëμ. ëË³É Ñ»ïùáí ·Ý³É. put smn off the ~ scholar [΄skɒlə] n ·ÇïݳϳÝ. Ãá߳ϳéáõ
Ù»ÏÇÝ ëË³É Ñ»ïùáí áõÕ³ñÏ»É: áõë³ÝáÕ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ. a Shakespeare ~ Þ»ùëåÇ-
scent [sent] v Ñáï ³éÝ»É, Ñáïáï»É. ûͳݻ- ñ³·»ï. visiting ~ Ññ³íÇñí³Í ·ÇïݳϳÝ:
ÉÇù û·ï³·áñÍ»É. ~ danger ÷Ëμ. íï³Ý· scholarly [΄skɒləri] a μ³½Ù³·Çï³Ï, μ³½-
½·³É: Ù³ÑÙáõï. Ëáñ³·Çï³Ï, ·ÇïáõÝ:
scented [΄sentid] a Ñáï³í»ï. ~ soap Ñáï³- scholarship [΄skɒlə∫ip] n ·Çï»ÉÇùÝ»ñ,
í»ï û׳é: ·ÇïݳϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ÏñóÃáß³Ï. win a ~
sceptic [΄skeptik] n ûñ³Ñ³í³ï Ù³ñ¹, Ãáß³Ï ß³Ñ»É. full ~ ÉñÇí ÏñóÃá߳ϣ
ëÏ»åïÇÏ: scholastic [skə΄læstik] a áõëáõÙݳϳÝ,
sceptical [΄skeptikl] a ûñ³Ñ³í³ï, ëÏ»å- ¹åñáó³Ï³Ý. Ù³Ýñ³ÏñÏÇï, 廹³Ýï.
ïÇÏ. be ~ about smth ûñ³Ñ³í³ï ÉÇÝ»É: ëËáɳëïÇÏ:
scepticism [΄skeptisiz(ə)m] n ûñ³Ñ³í³- school I [sku:l] n ¹åñáó. preparatory/primary
ïáõÃÛáõÝ, ϳëϳͳÝù. ÷ÇÉ. ëÏ»åïÇóǽÙ: ~ ï³ññ³Ï³Ý ¹åñáó (Ø´). secondary/high ~
sceptre [΄septə] n ·³ÛÇëáÝ, ³ñù³Û³Ï³Ý ÙÇçݳϳñ· ¹åñáó (Ø´). junior ~ ï³ñ-
·³í³½³Ý: ñ³Ï³Ý ¹åñáó (²ØÜ). junior high ~ áã ÉñÇí
schedule [΄∫edju:l] n ãí³óáõó³Ï, ųٳݳ- ÙÇçݳϳñ· ¹åñáó (²ØÜ). high ~ ÙÇçݳ-
ϳóáõÛó. ûñ³Ï³ñ·, Íñ³·Çñ, åɳÝ. ~ of ϳñ· ¹åñáó (²ØÜ). higher ~ μ³ñÓñ³·áõÛÝ
events Çñ³¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Íñ³·Çñ. ~ of ¹åñáó, μáõÑ (²ØÜ). boarding ~ ·Çß»ñûÃÇÏ
work ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ åɳÝ. ~ of prices ·Ý³- ¹åñáó. comprehensive ~ ѳÝñ³ÏñóϳÝ
óáõó³Ï. The work is on ~ ²ß˳ï³ÝùÁ ¹åñáó. a private/state ~ Ù³ëݳíáñ/å»ï³-
·ÝáõÙ ¿ Áëï Íñ³·ñÇ. keep to ~ Íñ³·ñÇÝ Ï³Ý ¹åñáó. teacher-training ~ Ù³Ýϳí³ñ-
ѻ層É. busy ~ Ëï³óí³Í ûñ³Ï³ñ·. The ~ Å³Ï³Ý áõëáõÙÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝ. bal-
includes Ìñ³·ÇñÝ Áݹ·ñÏáõÙ ¿: let ~ μ³É»ïÇ ¹åñáó/áõëáõÙݳñ³Ý. public ~
schedule [΄∫edju:l] v óáõó³Ï³·ñ»É, Íñ³- ÙÇçݳϳñ·, ÷³Ï ¹åñáó (Ø´). vocational ~
·ñ»É, åɳݳíáñ»É The train is ~d to arrive... Ù³ëݳ·Çï³óí³Í/ûùáõÙáí ¹åñáó/áõ-
Àëï ãí³óáõó³ÏÇ ·Ý³óùÁ å»ïù ¿ ųٳ- ëáõÙݳñ³Ý. nursery ~ Ù³Ýϳå³ñ﻽. at-
ÝÇ..£ tend ~ ¹åñáó ѳ׳˻É. (å³ñ³åÙáõÝùÝ»ñ,
school II 719 scorbutic

¹³ë»ñ) There will be no ~ today ²Ûëûñ ¹³ë»ñ scientific [‚saiən΄tifik] a ·Çï³Ï³Ý. ÑÙáõï. ~
ã»Ý ÉÇÝÇ. S~ starts at 9 ¸³ë»ñÝ ëÏëíáõÙ »Ý Å. computer ÑÙÏñ·. ·Çï³Ï³Ý ѳßí³ñÏÝ»ñÇ
9-ÇÝ. medical/law ~ μÅßϳϳÝ/Çñ³í³μ³- ѳٳϳñ·Çã/ÏáÙåÛáõï»ñ. ~ management of
Ý³Ï³Ý ý³ÏáõÉï»ï/ÇÝëïÇïáõï. ·ïÏ. work ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ ·Çï³Ï³Ý ϳ½Ù³-
(³ñí»ëïÇ áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝ) Flemish ~ ýɳ- Ï»ñåáõÙ:
ٳݹ³Ï³Ý ¹åñáó. Hegelian ~ л·»ÉÛ³Ý scientist [΄saiəntist] n ·ÇïݳϳÝ. top ~s
¹åñáó. ~ curriculum ¹åñáó³Ï³Ý/áõëáõÙݳ- »ñÏñÇ ³é³ç³íáñ ·ÇïݳϳÝÝ»ñÁ. hon-
Ï³Ý Íñ³·Çñ. ~ age ¹åñáó³Ï³Ý ѳë³Ï/ oured ~ ·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý í³ëï³Ï³íáñ ·áñÍÇã:
ï³ñÇù. ~ year áõëáõÙÝ³Ï³Ý ï³ñÇ. ~ leaver scintilla [sin΄tilə] n ϳÛÍ:
¹åñáóÇ ßñç³Ý³í³ñï. The whole ~ was scintillate [΄sintileit] v ϳÛÍÏÉï³É, ÷³ÛÉ»É,
there ²ÙμáÕç ¹åñáóÝ ³ÛÝï»Õ ¿ñ: ßáÕßáÕ³É. a ~ ing wit ÷Ëμ. ÷³ÛÉáõÝ Ë»Éù:
school II [sku:l] n íï³é (ÓÏÝ»ñÇ): scintillation [‚sinti΄lei∫n] n ³éϳÛÍáõÙ,
school-book [΄sku:lbuk] n ¹åñáó³Ï³Ý ÷³ÛÉáõÙ, ÷³Ûɳï³ÏáõÙ:
¹³ë³·Çñù: scion [΄saiən] n ß³é³íÇÕ, ųé³Ý·, Ñ»-
schoolboy [΄sku:lbɔi] n ¹åñáó³Ï³Ý ïÕ³, ï¨áñ¹. μëμ. ÁÝÓÛáõÕ, ßÇí:
³ß³Ï»ñï: scissor [΄sizə] v ÙÏñ³ïáí Ïïñ»É, ÙÏñ³ï»É:
schoolfellow [΄sku:l‚feləu] n ¹³ëÁÝÏ»ñ: scissors [΄sizəz] n (ݳ¨ a pair of ~) ÙÏñ³ï:
schoolgirl [΄sku:lgə:l] n ¹åñáó³Ï³Ý sclerosis [sklə΄rəusis] n μÅßÏ. ëÏÉ»ñá½. mul-
³ÕçÇÏ, ³ß³Ï»ñïáõÑÇ: tiple ~ óÇñáõó³Ý ϳñÍñ³Ëï/ëÏÉ»ñá½:
schoolhouse [΄sku:lhaus] n ¹åñáóÇ ß»Ýù: scoff [skɒf] n ͳÕñ³Ýù, ͳÕñ. the ~ of
schooling [΄sku:liŋ] n ÏñÃáõÃÛáõÝ, áõëáõóáõÙ. ͳÕñÇ ³é³ñϳ. ~ at danger ÍÇͳջÉ
free ~ ³Ýí׳ñ ÏñÃáõÃÛáõÝ: íï³Ý·Ç íñ³:
schoolman [΄sku:lmən] n áõëáõóÇã, ëËá- scoffer [΄skɒfə] n ͳÕñáÕ, ͳÕñ ³ÝáÕ:
ɳëï: scoffing [΄skɒfiŋ] a ͳÕñáÕ, ͳÕñ³Ï³Ý:
schoolmaster [΄sku:l‚ma:stə] n áõëáõóÇã, scold [΄skəuld] n ѳݹÇٳݻÉ, Ïßï³Ùμ»É:
¹³ë³ïáõ, Ù³Ýϳí³ñÅ: scolding [΄skəuldiŋ] n ËÇëï ѳݹÇÙ³Ýáõ-
school-mate [΄sku:lmeit] n ¹åñáó³Ï³Ý ÃÛáõÝ, ßßåé³Ýù:
ÁÝÏ»ñ£ scon(e) [skɒn] n óáñ»ÝÇ/í³ñë³ÏÇ μÉÇÃ.
schoolmistress [΄sku:l‚mistrəs] n áõëáõóãáõ- dropped ~ ³Ù. ÏÉáñ μáùáÝÇÏ:
ÑÇ, ¹³ë³ïáõ: scoop [sku:p] n ·á·³ÃdzÏ, ß»ñ»÷, ß»ñ»÷³-
schoolroom [΄sku:lru:m] n ¹³ë³ñ³Ý, ÃdzÏ. ËëÏó. Ù»Í Ë³Õ³·áõÙ³ñ/ѳçáÕáõ-
¹³ë³ë»ÝÛ³Ï: ÃÛáõÝ. This deal was a real ~ for us ²Ûë ·áñ-
school-teacher [΄sku:l‚ti:t∫ə] n ¹åñáóÇ Í³ñùÁ Ù»Í Ñ³çáÕáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ñ Ù»½ ѳٳñ.
¹³ë³ïáõ, áõëáõóÇã, áõëáõóãáõÑÇ: ËëÏó. ßßÙ»óáõóÇã/½·³Û³óáõÝó é»åáñï³Å£
school-time [΄sku:ltaim] n å³ñ³åÙáõÝù- scoop [sku:p] v ÷áñ»É. ~ up ß»ñ»÷»É, Ãdz-
Ïáí í»ñóÝ»É, ß»ñ»÷áí ѳݻÉ:
Ý»ñÇ Å³Ù»ñÁ. ¹åñáó³Ï³Ý ï³ñÇÝ»ñ:
school-yard [΄sku:lja:d] n (¹åñáóÇÝ ÏÇó) scoot [sku:t] v ï»ÕÇó åáÏí»É, ÷³Ëã»É:
˳ճ¹³ßï, Ù³ñ½³¹³ßï:
scooter [΄sku:tə] n ÇÝùݳ·Éáñ. motor ~
ÙáïáéáÉ»ñ£
schooner [΄sku:nə] n Íáí. »ñÏϳÛÙ ³é³- scope [skəup] n ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñ, Áݹ·ñÏáõÙ.
·³ëï³Ý³í. ³Ù. ýáõñ·áÝ:
ßñç³Ý³Ï. Çñ³í³ëáõÃÛáõÝ, Çñ³½»ÏáõÃÛáõÝ.
sciatica [sai΄ætikə] n μÅßÏ. Ñá¹³ó³í, the ~ of influence ³½¹»óáõÃÛ³Ý ßñç³Ý³ÏÁ.
Çßdzë£
the ~ of govermnent activity ϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý
science [΄saiəns] n ·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ. ÑÙ³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ. ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³Ý ßñç³Ý³ÏÝ»ñÁ. Çñ³í.
í³ñå»ïáõÃÛáõÝ. exact/applied/pure ~
within the ~ of the act ûñ»ÝùÇ ÏÇñ³éÙ³Ý
×ß·ñÇï/ÏÇñ³é³Ï³Ý/Ù³ùáõñ, í»ñ³ó³Ï³Ý
ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ. It is beyond my ~ ¸³ ÇÙ
·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ. natural ~s μÝ³Ï³Ý ·Çïáõ- Çñ³í³ëáõÃÛáõÝÇó ¹áõñë ¿. wide ~ ɳÛÝ
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. social ~s ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ·Çïáõ- Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ:
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. ~ fiction ·Çï³Ï³Ý ý³Ýï³ëïÇ- scorbutic [skɔ:΄bju:tik] n Éݹ³Ëï³ÛÇÝ ÑÇ-
ϳ: í³Ý¹, Éݹ³Ëï³íáñ:
scorch 720 scramble

scorch [skɔ:t∫] n ٳϻñ»ë³ÛÇÝ ³Ûñí³Íù. ~ scornful [΄skɔ:nfl] a ³ñѳٳñѳϳÝ, ͳÕ-


marks (³ñ¹áõÏÇ) ³Ûñí³ÍùÇ Ñ»ïù»ñ: ñ³Ï³Ý:
scorch [skɔ:t∫] v ³Ûñ»É, ˳ÝÓ»É, Ïǽ»É. ~ scorpion [΄skɔ:piən] n ϳñÇ×:
one’s a dress ѳ·áõëïÁ ˳ÝÓ»É (³ñ¹áõ- scotch [skɒt∫] n ßáïɳݹ³Ï³Ý ûÕÇ:
Ï»ÉÇë). ~ one’s hair Ù³½»ñÁ ˳ÝÓ»É: scot-free [‚skɒt΄fri:] a ³Ýå³ïÇÅ. He got off
scorcher [΄skɔ:t∫ə] n (³Ñ³íáñ) ßá· ûñ: ~ ܳ ³Ýå³ïÇÅ ¹áõñë åñͳí:
scorching [΄skɔ:t∫iŋ] a ³ÛñáÕ, ˳ÝÓáÕ, Scotland Yard [‚skɒtlənd΄ja:d] n êùáÃ-
ÏǽÇã. The sun is ~ today ²ñ¨Á ÏǽÇã ¿ ɳݹ Ú³ñ¹, ²Ý·ÉÇ³Ï³Ý áëïÇϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ,
³Ûëûñ. It is ~ hot ²Ñ³íáñ ßá· ¿: ÈáݹáÝÇ ùñ»³Ï³Ý Ñ»ï³Ëáõ½áõÃÛáõÝ:
score [skɔ:] n Ùñ½. ÙdzíáñÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ßÇí ݳ¨ Scotsman [΄skɒtsmən] n ßáïɳݹ³óÇ:
÷Ëμ. run up a ~ å³ñïù»ñ ³Ý»É. settle old Scottish [΄skɒti∫] a ßáïɳݹ³Ï³Ý:
~s ÑÇÝ Ñ³ßÇíÝ»ñÁ Ù³ùñ»É. on that ~ ³Û¹ scoundrel [΄skaundrəl] n ëñÇϳ. ëïáñ/
ѳßíáí. keep the ~ ѳßÇí å³Ñ»É. on the ~ ³Ý³ñ· Ù³ñ¹:
of ѻ勉Ýùáí, å³ï׳éáí. (ÙdzíáñÝ»ñ, scour [΄skauə] n Ù³ùñáõÙ, Ù³ùñ»ÉÁ. give it a
ѳßÇí) The ~ was 2: 3 гßÇíÁ 2:3 ¿ñ. What ~ ɳí Ù³ùñ»É, ÷³ÛÉ»óÝ»É:
is the ~? àñù³±Ý ¿ ѳßÇíÁ. keep ~ ѳßÇí scour [΄skauə] v (ù»ñ»Éáí) Ù³ùñ»É. ~ off/
å³Ñ»É. ÃÕÃË. ÙdzíáñÝ»ñÁ ѳßí»É. quit ~s away/out ËݳÙùáí Ù³ùñ»É. ~ the frying- pan
íñ»Å ÉáõÍ»É. What a ~ ! ÆÝãåÇëÇ Ñ³çáÕáõ- ï³å³ÏÁ ù»ñ»É-Ù³ùñ»É. The police ~ed the
ÃÛáõÝ. (Ù»Í ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ) ~s of people ß³ï district àëïÇϳÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ë³Ýñ»ó óճ-
ÅáÕáíáõñ¹. »ñÅß. ·áñÍÇù³íáñáõÙ, å³ñïÇ- Ù³ëÁ:
ïáõñ³. piano ~ »ñ³Åßï³Ï³Ý »ñÏÇ ¹³ßݳ- scourer [΄skauərə] n Ù»ï³ÕÛ³ ù»ñÇã:
Ùáõñ³ÛÇÝ í³ñϳÍ. a film ~ ÏÇÝáýÇÉÙÇ scourge [skə:dз] n Ùïñ³Ï, ˳ñ³½³Ý.
»ñ³ÅßïáõÃÛáõÝ£ ¹Åμ³ËïáõÃÛáõÝ, å³ï³Ñ³ñ, å³ïÇÅ. the
score [skɔ:] v ѳßí»É (ݳ¨ ÙdzíáñÝ»ñÁ). white ~ Ãáù³Ëï:
ÝßáõÙÝ»ñ ϳï³ñ»É. ѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»- scout [skaut] n Ñ»ï³ËáõÛ½. boy ~ μáÛ-
ݳÉ. »ñÅß. ·áñÍÇù³íáñ»É. You‘ve ~d ëù³áõÃ. a talent ~ ï³Õ³Ý¹³íáñ ÷ÝïñáÕ/
´³Ëï¹ μ»ñ»ó. ~ off ѳÕÃ³Ý³Ï ï³Ý»É. ~ Ñ»ï³ËáõÛ½£
under Áݹ·Í»É. ~ up ѳßí»É. ~ out çÝç»É. scout [skaut] v (about/around) Ñ»ï³Ëáõ½»É.
áõëÙ. ~ 70 % in maths ٳûٳïÇϳÛÇó 4 ½ÝÝ»É. ÷Ýïñ»É:
ëï³Ý³É. Ùñ½. ~ a goal ·áÉ Ë÷»É. ~ points scouting [skautiŋ] n Ñ»ï³Ëáõ½áõÃÛáõÝ,
Ùdzíáñ ѳí³ù»É. No one has ~d гßÇíÁ Ñ»ï³Ëáõ½»ÉÁ:
¹»é μ³óí³Í ã¿. ~ an advantage ³é³í»Éáõ- scow [skau] n Íáí. ·»ï³Ý³í, ɳëï³Ý³í:
ÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ëÝ»É. ~ a symphony »ñÅß. ëÇÙýá- scowl [skaul] n Ùé³ÛÉ/ËáÅáéí³Í ï»ëù:
ÝÇ³Ý ·áñÍÇù³íáñ»É: scowl [skaul] v Ùé³ÛÉí»É, ËáÅáéí»É. ëå³é-
scoreboard [΄skɔ:bɔ:d] n Ùñ½. óáõó³ï³Ë- Ý³Ï³Ý ï»ëù ÁݹáõÝ»É He ~ed at me ܳ
ï³Ï. Éáõë³ÛÇÝ óáõó³Ý³Ï: ½³Ûñ³ó³Í ݳۻó ÇÝÓ:
scorecard [΄skɔ:ka:d] n Ùñ½. ÙñóáõÛÃÇ scrabble [΄skræbl] 1. n ˽μ½áó, ³·é³íÇ
Ù³ëݳÏóÇ ù³ñï: ã³Ýã. 2. v ׳ÝÏé»É, ã³Ý·é»É. ù»ñÍ»É,
scorer [΄skɔ:rə] n Ùñ½. Ù³ñ½³Ï³Ý ˳ջñÇ Ë½μ½»É:
ÙdzíáñÝ»ñÁ ѳßíáÕ ³ÝÓ: scrag [skræg] n ϳßÇ áõ áëÏáñ. ËëÏó. íǽ,
scorn [skɔ:n] n ³ñѳٳñѳÝù, ͳÕñ³Ýù, å³ñ³Ýáó:
ͳÕñ. be a ~ to/the ~ of ͳÕñáõͳݳÏÇ scraggily [΄skrægili] adv ³Ýϳñ·/³Ýϳ-
³é³ñϳ ÉÇÝ»É, ³ñѳٳñÑí»É. full of ~ ÝáÝ/˳éݳß÷áà ϻñåáí:
³ñѳٳñѳÝùáí ÉÇ: scraggy [΄skrægi] a ÝÇѳñ, íïÇï, áëÏñáï:
scorn [skɔ:n] v ³ñѳٳñÑ»É. ~ smb/danger scram [skræm] v ËëÏó. ÍÉÏ»É, ÷³Ëã»É. S~!
Ù»ÏÇÝ/íï³Ý·Ý ³ñѳٳñÑ»É. ~ smb’s advice ¸áõñë ÏáñÇñ:
ËáñÑáõñ¹Á μ³ÝÇ ï»Õ ã¹Ý»É. ~ to do such a scramble [΄skræmbl] n ïáõñáõ¹Ùμáó,
thing ³Û¹ ³ëïÇ׳ÝÇ ãÇçÝ»É/ãëïáñ³- Í»ÍÏéïáó. Ù³·ÉóáõÙ. It was a hard ~ ¸³
ݳÉ/ãÝí³ëï³Ý³É: ͳÝñ Ù³·ÉóáõÙ ¿ñ. a ~ for places ïáõ-
scramble 721 screamy

ñáõ¹Ùμáó ï»Õ»ñÇ (·ñ³í»Éáõ) ѳٳñ: μ»Ïáñ³ÛÇÝ. ~ knowledge ѳïáõÏïáñ ·Ç-


scramble [΄skræmbl] v Ïéí»É, ïáõñáõ¹Ùμáó ï»ÉÇù. ~ conversation ÏóÏïáõñ Ëáë³Ïóáõ-
ë³ñù»É. ϳÃݳÓí³Í»Õ å³ïñ³ëï»É. ~ ÃÛáõÝ/ ½ñáõÛó:
eggs Óáõ ѳñ»É/Ë÷»É. (Ù³·Éó»É) ~ up the cliff scratch [skræt∫] n ׳ÝÏéí³Íù, ù»ñÍí³Íù.
ųÛéÝ Ç í»ñ Ù³·Éó»É. ~ through the bushes hands covered with ~es ³ÙμáÕçníÇÝ ù»ñÍ-
Ã÷»ñÇ ÙÇçáí ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ/×»Õù»Éáí í³Í Ó»éù»ñ. (×ééáó) ~ of the pen ·ñãÇ
³ÝóÝ»É ~d eggs ϳÃݳÓí³Í»Õ£ ×ééáó. Ùñ½. Ù»Ïݳ·ÇÍ, Ù»Ïݳϻï start from
scrap I [skræp] n Ïïáñ, å³ï³é. a ~ of paper ~ ëϽμÇó ëÏë»É. a ~ team ËëÏó. ѳí³ùáíÇ
ÃÕÃÇ Ïïáñ. (ÝßáõÛÉ) not a ~ of truth ×ßÙ³ñ- ÃÇÙ:
ïáõÃÛ³Ý áã ÙÇ ÝßáõÛÉ. ~s ûf news Éáõñ»ñÇ scratch [skræt∫] a ÑÙÏñ·. ³ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ,
å³ï³éÇÏÝ»ñ. ~ album/book ³ÉμáÙ Éñ³·ñÇ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³íáñ. ~ file ³ß˳ï³Ýù³-
Ïïñ³ÍáÝ»ñÇ/ÝϳñÝ»ñÇ ¨ ³ÛÉÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. ÛÇÝ/ųٳݳϳíáñ ý³ÛÉ:
(׳ßÇ Ùݳóáñ¹Ý»ñ, ɳûñ) sell the car for ~ scratch [skræt∫] v ùáñ»É, ã³Ý·é»É. ù»ñÍ»É. ~
Ù»ù»Ý³Ý áñå»ë ç³ñ¹áÝ í³×³é»É. ~ heap names on the wall ³ÝáõÝÝ»ñÁ å³ïÇ íñ³
³Õμ³ÏáõÛï. ~ dealer Ù»ï³ÕÛ³ ç³ñ¹áÝ/ó- ù»ñÍ»É. ~ one’s head ·ÉáõËÁ ùáñ»É. (ù»ñ»É,
÷áÝ Ñ³í³ùáÕ. ~ iron Ù»ï³ÕÛ³ ç³ñ¹áÝ. ~ ÷áñ»É) ~ a hole ÷áë ÷áñ»É. (çÝç»É) ~ the
paper Ù³Ïáõɳïáõñ³. ÃáõÕà ÝßáõÙÝ»ñÇ name off the list ³ÝáõÝÁ óáõó³ÏÇó ѳݻÉ/
ѳٳñ: çÝç»É. The match has been ~ed Ùñ½. ʳÕÁ/
scrap II [skræp]1. n Í»ÍÏéïáó, ïáõ- гݹÇåáõÙÁ ãϳ۳ó³í. ~ at the last minute
ñáõ¹Ùμáó. 2. v ÏéÇí/ëϳݹ³É ë³ñù»É, í»ñçÇÝ ñáå»ÇÝ Ññ³Å³ñí»É ÙñóáõÛÃÇó£
íÇ×»É: scratchy [΄skræt∫i] a ³ÝßÝáñÑù. ×é×é³Ý,
scrap [skræp] v ÷ßñ»É, ç³ñ¹áÝÇ í»ñ³Í»É. ׳ÝÏéïáÕ. å³ï³Ñ³Ï³Ý, í³ï ÁÝïñí³Í:
¹»Ý ·ó»É/Ý»ï»É. ~ the old bysicle ¹»Ý Ý»ï»É scrawl [skrɔ:l] n ˽μ½áó, ³·é³íÇ ã³Ýã. I
can’t make out this ~ Ðݳñ³íáñ ãÇ ³Ûë
ÑÇÝ Ñ»Í³ÝÇíÁ. ~ the plans/the idea Ññ³Å³ñ-
Ë½μ½³ÝùÁ ϳñ¹³É. His signature is just a ~
í»É Íñ³·ñ»ñÇó/·³Õ³÷³ñÝ»ñÇó:
Üñ³ ëïáñ³·ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ å³ñ½³å»ë
scrape [skreip] n ×é×éáó. ׳ÝÏéí³Íù,
˽μ½áó ¿:
ù»ñÍí³Íù. ïÑ³× ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. get into ~s
ÑÇÙ³ñ ¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÁÝÏÝ»É. get smb out of
scrawl [skrɔ:l] v Ë½μ½»É. ѳå×»å ·ñ»É/
Ýß»É. ~ a few words ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ μ³é ѳå×»å
a ~ Ù»ÏÇÝ ¹Åí³ñÇÝ Ï³óáõÃÛáõÝÇó ѳݻÉ:
·ñ»É. ~ all over the paper ³ÙμáÕç ÃáõÕÃÁ
scrape [skreip] v ù»ñ»É, ù»ñ»Éáí Ù³ùñ»É. Ë½μ½»É:
ù»ñ»ÉáÕ Ñ»é³óÝ»É. ù»ñÃ»É (ϳßÇÝ). ~
scrawny [΄skrɔ:ni] a ÝÇѳñ, íïÇï, áëÏ-
away/down/off ³í»ñ»É, ù»ñÍ»É. åÉáÏ»É. ~
ñáï:
mud off one’s shoes ó»ËÁ ÏáßÇÏÝ»ñÇ íñ³ÛÇó
screak [skri:k] n ×Çã. ×ééáó, ×éÇÝã:
Ù³ùñ»É. ~ carrotts/potatoes ϳñïáýÇÉ/·³-
scream [skri:m] n ëáõñ ×Çã, ³Õ³Õ³Ï. a ~ of
½³ñ ÏÉå»É/Ù³ùñ»É. (ùëí»É) The car ~d the terror ë³ñë³÷Ç ×Çã. ~ of delight ÑdzóÙáõÝ-
wall Ø»ù»Ý³Ý ùëí»ó å³ïÇÝ. ÷Ëμ. û·ï. ~ ùÇ ×Çã. ~ of laughter ³Ý½áõëå ÍÇͳÕ. a per-
some money together ÙÇ Ï»ñå ÷áÕ fect ~ ËëÏó. ë³ëïÇÏ ÍÇͳջÉÇ/½í³ñ׳ÉÇ:
ïÝï»ë»É/ѳí³ù»É. ~ and save Ïáå»Ï- scream [skri:m] v ×ã³É, ÍÕñï³É, ·áé³É. ~
Ïáå»Ï ѳí³ù»É. ~ up audience (¹Åí³ñáõ- in terror/pain í³ËÇó/ó³íÇó ·áé³É. ~ for help
ÃÛ³Ùμ) áõÝÏݹÇñÝ»ñ ѳí³ù»É. ~ a living û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³Ýã»É. ~ with laughter ùñùç³É,
ͳÛñÁ ͳÛñÇÝ Ñ³ëóÝ»É. ~ through ùÝÝáõ- ÑéÑé³É:
ÃÛáõÝÁ ÙÇ Ï»ñå ѳÝÓÝ»É. ~ along in English screamer [΄skri:mə] n ËëÏó. ë»Ýë³óÇáÝ
ÙÇ Ï»ñå μ³ó³ïñí»É ³Ý·É»ñ»Ýáí ~ away í»ñݳ·Çñ. ßßÙ»óáõóÇã/óÝóáÕ μ³Ý. ½í³ñ-
on the fiddle ×ÝÏ×ÝϳóÝ»É çáõóÏÇ íñ³: ׳ÉÇ/ÍÇͳջÉÇ ¹»åù:
scrape-penny [skreip΄peni] n ß³ï Åɳï screaming [΄skri:miŋ] a ³Õ³Õ³ÏáÕ, ³ãù
Ù³ñ¹£ ͳÏáÕ. ËÇëï ½í³ñ׳ÉÇ/ÍÇͳջÉÇ. ~
scraper [΄skreipə] n ù»ñÇã, ù»ñáÕ. Ù»ï³ÕÛ³ colours ³ãù ͳÏáÕ ·áõÛÝ»ñ£
ù»ñÇã: screamy [΄skri:mi] a ×Õ×Õ³Ý, ÍÕñï³Ý.
scrappy [΄skræpi] a ÏóÏïáõñ, ѳïáõÏïáñ, ÑÇëï»ñÇÏ:
screech 722 scrub

screech [skri:t∫] n ×Çã, ã³ñ³·áõß³Ï ×Çã, scribble [΄skribl] 1. n Ë½μ½³Ýù. ³Ý÷áõÛÃ


³Õ³Õ³Ï. the ~ of an owl μíÇ Ï³Ýã. ~ of ·ñí³Í Ñá¹í³Í: 2. v Ë½μ½»É, ·ñÇ ³éÝ»É. ~
brakes ³ñ·»É³ÏÝ»ñÇ ß³é³ã/ß³ãÛáõÝ: a few lines ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ ïáÕ Ë½μ½»É. ~ all over
screech owl [΄skri:t∫aul] n μí»×, ×ãáÕ μáõ: the paper ³ÙμáÕç ÃáõÕÃÁ Ë½μ½»É:
screen [skri:n] n ¿Ïñ³Ý. a ~ for the fire-place scribbler [΄skriblə] n ·ñã³Ï, ÃáõÕà ÙñáïáÕ:
ÙÇçÝáñÙ. window ~ å³ïáõѳÝÇ ó³Ýó fold- scribbling pad [΄skribliŋpæd] n μÉáÏÝáï:
ing ~ ͳÉíáÕ ÙÇçÝáñÙ. (í³ñ³·áõÛñ, ͳÍ- scribe [skraib] n ·ñÇã (ÑÇÝ Ó»é³·ñ»ñ ³ñ-
Ïáó) smoke ~ Í˳ͳÍÏáõÛà fire ~ Ññ³- ï³·ñáÕ). ·ñáÕ. ·ñ³·»ï Ù³ñ¹. I am no
ͳÍÏáó, Ññ³å³ïí³ñ. under the ~ of night great ~ ºë ·ñ»Éáõ í³ñå»ï ã»Ù:
·Çß»ñí³ Ñáí³Ýáõ ï³Ï é½Ù. å³ßïå³- scrimmage [΄skrimidз] n Í»ÍÏéïáó, ïáõ-
Ý³Ï³Ý ½áñ³Ù³ë. a ~ test ýÇÉÙÁ ¿Ïñ³ÝÇ ñáõ¹Ùμáó:
íñ³ ÷áñÓ»É/óáõÛó ï³É. a ~ adaptation ¿Ï- scrimp [skrimp] v ËëÏó. ËݳۻÉ. ~ and save
ñ³Ý³íáñáõÙ: for college ËÇëï ËݳÛáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ³Ý»É
screen [skri:n] v ͳÍÏ»É, å³ßïå³Ý»É. ~ the ùáÉ»ç ÁݹáõÝí»Éáõ ѳٳñ:
house from the wind ïáõÝÁ ù³Ùáõó å³ßï- scrimpy [΄skrimpi] a ³Õù³ïÇÏ, áÕáñÙ»ÉÇ
å³Ý»É. ~ off part of the room ë»ÝÛ³ÏÇ ÙÇ ³Ýμ³í³ñ³ñ:
Ù³ëÁ ³é³ÝÓݳóÝ»É/Ù»Ïáõë³óÝ»É. (ëïáõ- scrimshank [΄skrim∫æŋk] v ËëÏó. å³ñï³-
·»É) The company ~s all the employees ÀÝÏ»- ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó ËáõÛë ï³É:
ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ëïáõ·áõÙ ¿ Çñ μáÉáñ ³ß˳ï³- scrip [skrip] n ÃÕÃÇ Ïïáñ. ëï³ó³Ï³Ý, ³Ý-
ÏÇóÝ»ñÇÝ. (Ýϳñ³Ñ³Ý»É, ¿Ïñ³ÝÇ íñ³ óáõ- ¹áññ³·Çñ. Çñ³í. íϳ۳·Çñ:
ó³¹ñ»É) adapt for the ~ ¿Ïñ³Ý³íáñ»É script [skript] n ӻ鳷Çñ. μݳ·Çñ. óïñ.
(å³ïÙí³Íù, í»å ¨ ³ÛÉÝ). ÑÙÏñ·. ~ genera- Ý»ñϳ۳óÙ³Ý ï»ùëïÁ. ÏÇÝáëó»Ý³ñ. ~
tor ¿Ïñ³Ý³ÛÇÝ Ó¨³íáñÙ³Ý Íñ³·Çñ. ~ writer ëó»Ý³ñÇëï. (ï³é³ï»ë³Ï) Gothic ~
image ³ñï³å³ïÏ»ñíáÕ å³ïÏ»ñ: ·áÃ³Ï³Ý ï³é³ï»ë³Ï:
screening [΄skri:niŋ] n ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝ, scriptural [΄skript∫rəl] a ³ëïí³Í³ßÝãÛ³Ý,
½ÝÝáõÙ. é»Ýï·»ÝÛ³Ý Ñ»ï³½áïáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ μÇμÉdzϳÝ:
interview ѳñó³½ñáõÛó ݳËÝ³Ï³Ý ÁÝï- scripture [΄skript∫ə] n (ݳ¨ Holy ~) ²ëïí³-
ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ. ~ panel ÁÝïñáÕ Ñ³ÝÓݳ- ͳßáõÝã:
ËáõÙμ/ÏáÙÇï». ~ time ÏÇÝáÝϳñÇ óáõó³- scrivener [΄skrivnə] n Ýáï³ñ:
¹ñÙ³Ý ï¨áÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ: scrofula [΄skrɒfjulə] n μÅßÏ. ·»ÕÓ³Ëï:
screw [skru:] n åïáõï³Ï. ³í. åñáå»ÉÉ»ñ. scroll [skrəul] n ÷³Ã³Ã, Ù³·³Õ³ÃÇ/å³-
male/external ~ åïáõï³Ù»Ë. female/internal åÇñáõëÇ ·³É³ñ. ·É³Ý³Ó¨ ӻ鳷Çñ.
~ åݹoÕ³Ï. get a ~ loose ÷Ëμ. ͳÉÁ/ ï³Ë- ÑÙÏñ·. ~ bar áÉáñ³·áïÇ. ~ ing text í³½áÕ/
ï³ÏÁ å³Ï³ë. put the ~ on smb Ù»ÏÇÝ ë³ÑáÕ ï»ùëï:
×Ýß»É/ë»ÕÙ»É. ×ÝßáõÙ ·áñÍ ¹Ý»É. ËëÏó. scroop [΄skru:p]1. n ×ééáó, ×é×éáó. 2. v ×Áé-
Åɳï Ù³ñ¹. an old/regular ~ ë³ëïÇÏ Åɳï é³É, ×é×é³É:
Ù³ñ¹: scrounge [skraundз] v Ëݹñ»É, í»ñóÝ»É
screw [skru:] v åïáõï³ÏÁ áÉáñ»É/³Ùñ³ó- (åݹ»ñ»ëáõÃÛ³Ùμ). ~ a cigarette ëÇ·³ñ»ï
Ý»É. ~ up (tight) åÇݹ ³Ùñ³óÝ»É. ~ off Ãáõ- Ëݹñ»É/í»ñóÝ»É/åÉáÏ»É. He is always ~ing
ɳóÝ»É, Ñ»ï åïï»É. ~ the paper into a ball off people ܳ ÙÇßï Ùáõñ³óϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ ¿
ÃáõÕÃÁ ×Ùé»É. ~ money out of smb Ù»ÏÇó ÷áÕ ³ÝáõÙ:
Ïáñ½»É. ~ up one’s courage ëÇñï ³éÝ»É: scrounger [΄skraundзə] n Ùáõñ³óϳÝ. ÷Ëμ.
screw-ball [΄skru:bɔ:l] n Ë»ÝÃ/˻ɳé/³Ý- åݹ»ñ»ë, áõ½íáñ:
ѳí³ë³ñ³ÏßÇé Ù³ñ¹: scrub [skrΛb] n Ã÷áõï, Ù³ó³é. Ùñ½. ýáõï-
screwdriver [΄skru:‚draivə] n åïáõï³Ï³- μáɳÛÇÝ ÃÇÙÇ »ñÏñáñ¹ ϳ½ÙÁ:
ѳÝ: scrub [skrΛb] v ËέݳÏáí Ù³ùñ»É. ½ï»É,
screwed [skru:d] a åïáõï³Ïáí ³Ùñ³ó- Ù³ùñ»É. ~ the floor/a pan ѳï³ÏÁ/óí³Ý,
í³Í. ËëÏó. ù»ýÁ ï»ÕÁ, ϳï³ñÁ ï³ù: ï³å³ÏÁ ù»ñ»É(áí) Ù³ùñ»É. ~ the whole idea
screw-nut [΄skru:nΛt] n åݹûÕ³Ï: ËëÏó. ÙïùÇó Ññ³Å³ñí»É:
scrubber 723 seafarer

scrubber [΄skrΛbə] n ù»ñÇã: earth ÷Ëμ. ѳë³ñ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï³ÝùÝ»ñ:


scrubbing brush [΄skrΛbiŋbrΛ∫] n scummy [΄skΛmi] a ÷ñ÷ñ³Í, ÷ñ÷ñ³Ï³-
ѳï³ÏÇ ËέݳÏ: ɳÍ:
scrubby [΄skrΛbi] a Ù³ó³é³å³ï, Ã÷áõ- scurf [skə:f] n ·ÉËÇ Ù³ßÏÇ Ã»÷. û÷áõϳ-
ïáí ͳÍÏí³Í: ÝÙ³Ý Í³ÍÏáõÛÃ:
scrubwoman [΄skrΛb‚wumən] n ѳí³ù³- scurrility [skə΄riləti] n ÏáåÇï/³Ýí³Û»É
ñ³ñáõÑÇ. ûñ³í³ñÓáí ³ß˳ïáÕ ÏÇÝ: ϳï³Ï. ³Ýí³Û»É/íÇñ³íáñ³Ï³Ý ¹ÇïáÕáõ-
scruff [skrΛf] n take/seize by the ~ of the neck ÃÛáõÝ:
ûÓÇùÇó μéÝ»É: scurrilous [΄skΛrələs] a ÏáåÇï, íÇñ³íá-
scruffy [΄skrΛfi] a ÷ÝÃÇ, áã ÏáÏÇÏ£ ñ³Ï³Ý, ³Ýå³ïß³×:
scrum [΄skrΛm] n ÑñÙßïáó, ËóÏí³Íáõ- scurry [΄skΛri] 1. n í³½í½áó, Çñ³ñ³ÝóáõÙ.
ÃÛáõÝ. ~ at the bar ÑñÙßïáó μ³ñáõÙ: 2. v í³½í½»É, Çñ³ñ ³ÝóÝ»É. ¹»ëáõ¹»Ý
scrumptious [΄skrΛmp∫əs] a ËëÏó. ëù³Ý- ÁÝÏÝ»É. ~ for shelter ͳÍÏÇ ï³Ï í³½»É:
ã»ÉÇ, Ññ³ß³ÉÇ. What ~ food ! ƯÝã Ñ³Ù»Õ scurvied [΄skə:vid] a Éݹ³Ëï³ÛÇÝ, Éݹ³Ë-
áõï»ÉÇù: ïáí ÑÇí³Ý¹:
scruple [΄skru:pl] n ï³ï³ÝáõÙ, í³ñ³ÝáõÙ. scurvy [΄skə:vi] n Éݹ³Ëï:
make no ~s ãí³ñ³Ý»É, ãï³ï³Ýí»É. (ã³÷Ç scutter [΄skΛtə] v ÷³Ëã»É, ÍÉÏ»É:
Ùdzíáñ) ëÏñáõåáõÉ: scuttle I [΄skΛtl] n (ݳ¨ coal ~) ³ÍáõËÇ
scrupulous [΄skru:pjuləs] a μͳËݹÇñ, ¹áõÛÉ/³ñÏÕ:
Ù³Ýñ³ËݹÇñ. Ù³Ýñ³ÏñÏÇï, ã³÷³½³Ýó scuttle II [΄skΛtl] n ßï³å/÷áõÃÏáï ù³ÛÉ-
×ß·ñÇï. ~ honesty/cleanliness ³ÝμÇÍ ³½ÝÁ- í³Íù. ³ñ³·ÁÝóó ÷³Ëáõëï:
íáõÃÛáõÝ/Ù³ùñáõÃÛáõÝ. pay ~ attention Ù³Ý- scythe [saið]1. n ·»ñ³Ý¹Ç. 2. v ÑÝÓ»É/ѳñ»É
ñ³ÏñÏÇï áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ¹³ñÓÝ»É: (ËáïÁ):
scrutineer [‚skru:ti΄niə] n ÑëÏÇã, í»- sea [si:] 1. n Íáí. ûíÏdzÝáë. high/open ~ μ³ó
ñ³ÑëÏÇã: Íáí. calm/stormy, rough ~ ѳݷÇëï/÷áÃáñ-
scrutinize [΄skru:tinaiz] v Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ/ Ïáï Íáí. choppy ~ ³ÝѳݷÇëï Íáí. right by
ѳݷ³Ù³Ýáñ»Ý ùÝÝ»É/áõëáõÙݳëÇñ»É. ~ the ~ ³ÝÙÇç³å»ë ÍáíÇ ³÷ÇÝ. cross the ~
the contract/circumstances ѳݷ³Ù³ÝùÝ»ñÁ/ ÍáíÁ Ïïñ»É-³ÝóÝ»É. come/go by ~ Íáíáí
å³Ûٳݳ·ÇñÁ áõëáõÙݳëÇñ»É/½ÝÝ»É: ·³É/·Ý³É. on the high ~s, in the open ~ μ³ó
scrutiny [΄skru:tini] n ½ÝÝáÕ Ñ³Û³óù. Ù³Ý- ÍáíáõÙ. go to ~ Íáí³ÛÇÝ ¹³éݳÉ. put to ~
ñ³Ù³ëÝ ùÝݳñÏáõÙ. áõß³¹Çñ áõëáõÙݳëÇ- Íáí ¹áõñë ·³É. over the ~ ÍáíÇó ³ÛÝ ÏáÕÙ.
ñáõÃÛáõÝ/í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛáõÝ. strict ~ ËÇëï above/below ~ level ÍáíÇ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÇó
½ÝÝáõÙ. under ~ ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï: μ³ñÓñ/ó³Íñ. a ~ of faces/flames ÷Ëμ. ¹»Ù-
scud [skΛd] 1. n ׳ñ׳ïÛáõÝ, ×éÃ×éÃáó. 2. ù»ñÇ/μáó»ñÇ Íáí. a ~ of troubles íßïÇ Íáí.
v ëɳݳÉ, Ý»ïí»É. Clouds ~ded across the sky He is half ~s over àãÝãÇó ãÇ í³Ë»ÝáõÙ.
²Ùå»ñÁ ëɳÝáõÙ ¿ÇÝ »ñÏÝùáí: (Íáí³ÛÇÝ ³ÉÇù.) beam ~ ÏáÕ³ÛÇÝ ³ÉÇù. A ~
scuff [skΛf] 1. n Ù³ßÇÏ. 2. v áïù»ñÁ ù³ñß struck us ²ÉÇùÁ ï³Ïáí ³ñ»ó. 2. a Íáí³ÛÇÝ,
ï³É, ùëïùëï³óÝ»É. ٳ߻É, Ù³ßí»É: ÍáíÇ. ~ air/transport/plant ÍáíÇ, Íáí³ÛÇÝ û¹/
scuffle [΄skΛfl] n ÏéÇí, Í»Í, Í»ÍÏéïáó: ïñ³Ýëåáñï/μáõë³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
scull [skΛl] n ÙdzÃÇ Ý³í³Ï, μ³Û¹³ñϳ: sea anemone [si:ə΄neməni] n ϻݹ.
scullery [΄skΛləri] n (ËáѳÝáóÇÝ ÏÇó) ³ÏïÇÝdz:
³Ù³ÝÝ»ñÁ Éí³Ý³Éáõ ï»Õ: seaboard [΄si:bɔ:d]1. n Íáí³÷, Íáí»½ñ. 2. a
sculp [skΛlp] v ËëÏó. ù³Ý¹³Ï»É, ³ñӳݳ- Íáí³÷ÝÛ³, Íáí³Ù»ñÓ.
·áñÍ»É. ~ in wood ÷³ÛïÇ íñ³ ù³Ý¹³Ï»É: sea-born [΄si:bɔ:n] a Íáí³ÍÇÝ:
sculptor [΄skΛlptə] n ù³Ý¹³Ï³·áñÍ, ³ñ- sea-calf [΄si:ka:f] n ÷áÏ, Íáí³ßáõÝ:
ӳݳ·áñÍ: sea-dog [΄si:dɒg] n ÷áñÓí³Í ݳí³ëïÇ,
sculpture [΄skΛlpt∫ə] n ³ñÓ³Ý, ù³Ý¹³Ï. Íáí³·³ÛÉ:
ù³Ý¹³Ï³·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ: seafarer [΄si:‚feərə] n Íáí³·Ý³ó. ݳ-
scum [skΛm] n ÷ñ÷áõñ, ù³÷. the ~ of the í³ëïÇ:
seafaring 724 season

seafaring [΄si:‚feəriŋ] n Ý³í³·Ý³óáõÃÛáõÝ. sear [siə]1. n ³Ûñí³Íù. 2. a ãáñ, óé³Ù³Í.


Íáí³ÛÇÝ ×³Ù÷áñ¹áõÃÛáõÝ: 3. v ˳ÝÓ»É, ³Ûñ»É, ãáñ³óÝ»É:
seafront [΄si:frΛnt] n Íáí³÷, Íáí»½»ñù: search [sə:t∫] n áñáÝáõÙ, ÷ÝïñáõÙ. Ñ»ï³-
sea-girt [΄si:gə:t] a Íáíáí ßñç³å³ïí³Í: Ëáõ½áõÙ, ½ÝÝáõÙ. careful/fruitless ~ Ù³Ýñ³-
seagoing [΄si:‚gəuiŋ] a ûíÏdzÝáë³ÛÇÝ. a ~ Ù³ëÝ, ѳݷ³Ù³Ý³ÉÇó/ǽáõñ, ³Ýû·áõï
ship ûíÏdzÝáë³ÛÇÝ Ý³í: áñáÝáõÙ. be in ~ of ÷Ýïñ»É, áñáÝ»É. make a
sea-gull [΄si:gΛl] n ׳Û, Íáí³áñáñ: ~ Ñ»ï³Ëáõ½áõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É/ϳï³ñ»É. in ~
sea-horse [΄si:hɔ:s] n ϻݹ. Íáí³ÓÇ, for truth/happiness ×ßÙ³ñïáõÃÛáõÝ/»ñç³ÝÏáõ-
Íáí³÷ÇÕ: ÃÛáõÝ ÷Ýïñ»ÉÇë. ~ witness Ëáõ½³ñÏáõÃÛ³Ý
seal I [si:l] n ϻݹ. ÷áÏ, Íáí³ßáõÝ, Íáí³ñç: ÁÝûñ³Ï³. ~ warrant Ëáõ½³ñÏáõÃÛ³Ý Çñ³-
seal II [si:l] n ÏÝÇù. wax ~ ½ÙáõéëÇ ÏÝÇù. lead íáõÝù ³é³Ýó ϳñ·³¹ñ³·ñÇ. ~ a flat μݳ-
~ ϳå³ñ³ÏÝÇù, åÉáÙμ. place/fix/set a ~ ϳñ³ÝÁ Ëáõ½³ñÏáõÃÛ³Ý »ÝóñÏ»É. ~ party
ÏÝÇù ¹Ý»É. set one’s ~ ÏÝÇùáí ѳëï³ï»É. áñáÝáÕ/Ñ»ï³Ëáõ½áÕ ËáõÙμ/çáϳï. body ~
under the ~ of secrecy ·³ÕïÝÇùÁ å³Ñ»Éáõ ³ÝÓÇ Ëáõ½³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
å³ÛÙ³Ýáí: search [sə:t∫] v áñáÝ»É, ÷Ýïñ»É. Ëáõ½³ñÏ»É,
seal [si:l] v ÏÝÇù ¹Ý»É, ÏÝÇùáí ѳëï³ï»É, ѻﳽáï»É. ~ out ѳÛïݳμ»ñ»É, ·ïÝ»É. ~
í³í»ñ³óÝ»É. ÏÝù»É. ~ up a package ÷³Ã»ÃÁ the prisoner μ³Ýï³ñÏÛ³ÉÇÝ ÷Ýïñ»É. ~ war-
½Ùéë»É. ~ up a room ë»ÝÛ³ÏÇ íñ³ ÏÝÇù ¹Ý»É. rant Ëáõ½³ñÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³ñ·³¹ñ³·Çñ. ~ for
~ off the area ßñç³÷³Ï»É ï³ñ³ÍùÁ: drugs ÃÙñ³¹»Õ ÷Ýïñ»É. ~ the pockets for
sea legs [΄si:legz] n. I‘ve got my ~ ËëÏó. small change ·ñå³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ Ù³Ýñ ¹ñ³Ù
³ñ¹»Ý ëáíáñ»óÇ Íáí³×á×áõÙÇÝ: ÷Ýïñ»É. ~ one’s memory ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ ɳ-
sealery [΄si:ləri] n ÷áÏ»ñÇ ¨ Íáí³ñç»ñÇ ñ»É:
Íí³ñ³ï»Õ, ³ñ»³É: searching [΄sə:t∫iŋ] a ÷ÝïñáÕ, ½ÝÝáÕ,
sea level [΄si:levl] n ÍáíÇ Ù³Ï»ñ¨áõÛÃ. above/ Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ. a ~ look ÷ÝïñáÕ Ñ³Û³óù. ~
below ~ ÍáíÇ Ù³Ï»ñ»ëÇó μ³ñÓñ/ó³Íñ£ questions Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ Ñ³ñó»ñ:
sealing-wax [΄si:liŋwæks] n ½Ùáõéë, ÏÝù³- search-light [΄sə:t∫lait] 1. n Éáõë³ñÓ³Ï. 2.
ÙáÙ: a Éáõë³ñÓ³ÏÇ, Éáõë³ñӳϳÛÇÝ:
seal-ring [΄si:lriŋ] n ÏÝÇùáí Ù³ï³ÝÇ: seascape [΄si:skeip] n Íáí³Ýϳñ:
sealskin [΄si:lskin] n ÷áÏÇ Ï³ßÇ. Íáí³ñçÇ seashore [΄si:∫ɔ:] n Íáí³÷, Íáí»½ñ:
ÙáñÃÇ. ~ cap Íáí³ñç»Ýáõ ·É˳ñÏ: seasick [΄si:sik] a Íáí³Ëïáí ï³é³åáÕ. be
seam [si:m] 1. n ϳñ, ϳñ³ï»Õ. 2. v ϳñ»É, ~ Íáí³Ëïáí ï³é³å»É feel ~ Íáí³×á×áõ-
ϳñ»Éáí ÙdzóÝ»É. split at the ~s ϳñ»ñÁ ÙÇó ëñï˳éÝáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ:
ù³Ý¹í»É, å³ïéí»É: seasickness [΄si:siknəs] n Íáí³Ëï:
seamaid [΄si:meid] n çñ³Ñ³ñë: seaside [΄si:said] n Íáí³÷, Íáí»½ñ. go to the
seaman [΄si:mən] n ݳí³ëïÇ, Íáí³·Ý³ó. ~ Íáí³÷ ·Ý³É. have a ~ holiday Íáí³÷ÇÝ
able-bodied ~ ³é³çÇÝ Ï³ñ·Ç ݳí³ëïÇ. or- ѳݷëï³Ý³É:
dinary ~ ß³ñù³ÛÇÝ/ѳë³ñ³Ï ݳí³ëïÇ: season [΄si:zn] n ï³ñí³ »Õ³Ý³Ï. 뻽áÝ
seamanship [΄si:mən∫ip] n Ý³í³·Ý³ó³- ųٳݳÏ. in ~ ÇëÏ³Ï³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÝ ¿. out
ϳÝ/ݳí³ñÏ»Éáõ ³ñí»ëï: of ~ ųٳݳÏÁ ã¿. the holiday ~ ³ñÓ³Ïáõñ-
seamark [΄si:ma:k] n ³é³÷ÝÛ³ Ýß³Ý, ¹Ç ųٳݳϳßñç³Ý. the off/dead/dull ~
÷³ñáë: Ù»éÛ³É ë»½áÝ. fruit ~ Ùñ·»ñÇ ë»½áÝ. close ~
seamstress [΄semstrəs] n ¹»ñÓ³ÏáõÑÇ: áñë³ñ·»ÉÙ³Ý/ ÷³Ï/ ³ñ·»Éí³Í 뻽áÝ.
seamy [΄si:mi] a ³Ý¹áõñ»Ï³Ý, ³ÝÑñ³åáõÛñ. shooting ~ áñëÇ ë»½áÝ. the football/ concert/
the ~ side of life ÷Ëμ. ÏÛ³ÝùÇ ïѳ×/Ùáõà rainy ~ ýáõïμáÉÇ/ѳٻñ·³ÛÇÝ/³ÝÓñ¨Ý»ñÇ
ÏáÕÙÁ: 뻽áÝ. ~ ticket 뻽áݳÛÇÝ ïáÙë (ѳٻñ·Ç ¨
sea-plane [΄si:plein] n ÑǹñáÇÝùݳÃÇé, ³ÛÉÝ). off ~ employment 뻽áÝÇó ¹áõñë ³ß-
ÑǹñáåɳÝ: ˳ï³Ýù:
seaport [΄si:pɔ:t] n Íáí³ÛÇÝ Ý³í³Ñ³Ý- season [΄si:zn] v ѳٻٻÉ, ѳٻÙáõÝù ·ó»É.
·Çëï, Íáí»½ñÛ³ ù³Õ³ù: ÷Ëμ. Ñ»ï³ùñùÇñ ¹³ñÓÝ»É:
seasonable 725 secondary

seasonable [΄si:znəbl] a ųٳݳÏÇÝ, ï»- ѳٳñ åÇï³ÝÇ. ɳí ѳݹ»ñÓ³íáñí³Í:


ÕÇÝ. It’s ~ weather for October ÐáÏï»Ùμ»ñÇ secant [΄si:kənt] n Ù³Ã. ѳïáÕ, ѳïáÕ ·ÇÍ:
ѳٳñ ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý/ѳñÙ³ñ »Õ³Ý³Ï ¿: secateur(s) [΄sekətə(z)] n ¿ïÇã. a pair of se-
seasonal [΄si:znəl] a 뻽áݳÛÇÝ. ~ work/ cateurs å³ñï»½Ç ÙÏñ³ï, ë»Ï³ïáñ:
job/employment 뻽áݳÛÇÝ ³ß˳ï³Ýù/ secede [si΄si:d] v ³é³ÝÓݳݳÉ, ½³ïí»É,
½μ³Õí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ worker 뻽áݳÛÇÝ μ³Ý- ϳå»ñÁ ˽»É:
íáñ: secession [si΄se∫n] n ³Ýç³ïáõÙ, ϳ½ÙÇó
seasoned [΄si:znd] a ÑÝáñ³Ï (·ÇÝÇ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ). ¹áõñë ·³ÉÁ:
ãáñ³óñ³Í ÷³Ûï. áñ³ÏÁ μ³ñ»É³íí³Í. seclude [si΄klu:d] v ³é³ÝÓݳóÝ»É, Ù»Ïáõ-
³í»ÉÇ áñ³Ïáí. Ñ³Ù»Ù³Í (áõï»ÉÇù) highly ë³óÝ»É. ~ oneself from the society ѳë³ñ³-
~ dishes ß³ï ÏÍáõ/Ñ³Ù»Ù³Í áõï»ÉÇù: ÏáõÃÛáõÝÇó ³Ýç³ïí»É, Ù»Ïáõë³Ý³É:
seasoning [΄si:zniŋ] n ѳٻÙáõÝù: secluded [si΄klu:did] a ³é³ÝÓݳó³Í,
seat [si:t] n (Ýëï»Éáõ) ï»Õ. Ýëï³í³Ûñ. Ù»Ïáõë³ó³Í:
Ýëï³ñ³Ý. an empty/vacant ~ ³½³ï ï»Õ. a seclusion [si΄klu:зn] n ³é³ÝÓݳóáõÙ, Ù»-
~ by the window ï»Õ å³ïáõѳÝÇ Ùáï. gar- Ïáõë³óáõÙ. Ù»ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. live in ~ Ù»ÝáõÃÛ³Ý
den ~ å³ñï»½Ç Ýëï³ñ³Ý. take your ~ Ù»ç ³åñ»É:
Ýëï»ù. choose/find/occupy a ~ ï»Õ ÁÝï- seclusive [si΄klu:siv] a Ù»ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ó·ïáÕ.
ñ»É/·ïÝ»É/½μ³Õ»óÝ»É. All ~s are sold ´áÉáñ Ù»Ïáõë³óÝáÕ:
ïáÙë»ñÁ í³×³éí³Í »Ý. book a ~ ïáÙë second I [΄sekənd] n í³ÛñÏÛ³Ý, ³ÏÝóñÃ. in
·Ý»É. secure ~s ïáÙë»ñ å³ïíÇñ»É. the ~ of a ~ ÙÇ í³ÛñÏÛ³ÝÇó. just a ~ ÙÇ í³ÛñÏÛ³Ý.
a chair/bycicle ³ÃáéÇ/ѻͳÝÇíÇ Ýëï»É³ï»- wait a ~ ÙÇ í³ÛñÏÛ³Ý ëå³ë»ù. in a split ~
ÕÁ. the driver’s ~ í³ñáñ¹Ç Ýëï»É³ï»ÕÁ. the ѳßí³Í í³ÛñÏÛ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ. ~ hand
back ~ Ñ»ï¨Ç ï»Õ»ñ. hard ~s »ñÏÃ. (í³- í³ÛñÏÛ³ÝÇ ëɳù:
·áÝáõÙ) Ïáßï ï»Õ»ñ. a ~ in Parliament ï»Õ second II [΄sekənd] n »ñÏñáñ¹ ϳñ·Ç/
ËáñÑñ¹³ñ³ÝáõÙ. lose one’s ~ ãí»ñÁÝïñí»É. »ñÏñáñ¹ Ùñó³Ý³ÏÁ ß³ÑáÕÁ. û·Ý³Ï³Ý.
keep one’s ~ ÝáñÇó í»ñÁÝïñí»É. the ~ of the Ùñ½. Ù³ñï³íϳ, Ùñó³íϳ. »ñÅß. »ñÏñáñ¹
government ϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ýëï³í³ÛñÁ. Ó³ÛÝ: He got a ~ in his finals ܳ ѳٳÉë³-
company’s ~ ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ýëï³í³ÛñÁ. ñ³ÝÝ ³í³ñï»ó »ñÏñáñ¹ ϳñ·Ç ¹ÇåÉá-
(Ï»ÝïñáÝ) a ~ of learning ·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý Ùáí. ~s »ñÏñáñ¹ ï»ë³ÏÇ ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñ. The
Ï»ÝïñáÝ. county ~ ßñç³Ý³ÛÇÝ Ï»ÝïñáÝ. cups are sold as ~s ¶³í³ÃÝ»ñÁ í³×³éíáõÙ
country ~ ϳÉí³Í³ïáõÝ, ¹³ëï³Ï»ñï: »Ý áñå»ë »ñÏñáñ¹ ï»ë³ÏÇ ³åñ³Ýù£
seat [si:t] v Ýëï»óÝ»É, ï»Õ³íáñ»É. be ~ed second [΄sekənd] a »ñÏñáñ¹, »ñÏñáñ¹³Ï³Ý.
Ýëï»É. ~ the children »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñÇÝ Ýëï»ó- in the ~ place »ñÏñáñ¹ ï»ÕáõÙ. be ~ in expe-
Ý»É. Remain ~ed Øݳó»ù Ó»ñ ï»Õ»ñáõÙ. rience/knowledge ½Çç»É Ï»Ýë³÷áñÓáí/·Ç-
(ï»Õ³íáñ»É) The car ~s six Ø»ù»Ý³ÛáõÙ í»ó ï»ÉÇùÝ»ñáí. ~ to none ã·»ñ³½³Ýóí³Í.
Ñá·Ç »Ý ï»Õ³íáñíáõÙ. The table ~s 12 peo- travel ~ class »ñÏñáñ¹ ϳñ·Ç ïáÙëáí ׳Ù-
ple ê»Õ³ÝÇ ßáõñçÁ 12 Ù³ñ¹ ϳñáÕ ¿ Ýëï»É: ÷áñ¹»É. a ~ chance »ñÏñáñ¹/Ù»Ï ³ÛÉ Ñݳñ³-
seat-belt [΄si:tbelt] n ³Ùñ³·áïÇ: íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. in the ~ place (ݳË...), »ñÏñáñ¹.
seating [΄si:tiŋ] n Ýëï»É³ï»Õ, ï»Õ. ~ for on ~ thoughts ɳí Ùï³Í»Éáõó Ñ»ïá. have ~
100 persons 100 Ñá·áõ Ýëï»Éáõ ï»Õ. ~ ca- thoughts ÙÇïùÁ ÷áË»É. ~ last ݳ˳í»ñçÇÝ:
pacity (Ýëï»Éáõ) ï»Õ»ñÇ/Ýëï»É³ï»Õ»ñÇ second [΄sekənd] v û·Ý»É. å³ßïå³Ý»É,
ù³Ý³ÏÁ: ³ç³Ïó»É. ~ a motion ³é³ç³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ
sea urchin [΄si:ə:t∫in] n Íáí³á½ÝÇ: å³ßïå³Ý»É:
sea-wall [‚si:΄wɔ:l] n ³Ùμ³ñï³Ï, Íáí³- secondary [΄sekəndəri] a »ñÏñáñ¹³Ï³Ý,
å³ïÝ»ß: ëïáñ³¹³ë. of ~ importance »ñÏñáñ¹ ϳñ·Ç
seaward [΄si:wəd] a ÍáíÇ áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ. ϳñ¨áñáõÃÛ³Ý ~ education ÙÇçݳϳñ·
seawards [΄si:wədz] adv ¹»åÇ Íáí: ÏñÃáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ product »ñÏñáñ¹³ÛÇÝ Ùûñù.
seaweed [΄si:wi:d] n çñÇÙáõé: ÑÙÏñ·. ~ entry Éñ³óáõóÇã Ùáõïù. ~ storage
seaworthy [΄si:‚wə:ði] a Ý³í³·Ý³óáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñï³ùÇÝ ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝ:
second-best 726 secure

second-best [‚sekənd΄best] a »ñÏñáñ¹ ³ñï³½³ï»É (·»ÕÓ»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ):


ï»ë³ÏÇ. come off ~ å³ñïáõÃÛáõÝ Ïñ»É: secretion [si΄kri:∫n] n ³ñï³½³ïáõÙ, ·»Õ-
second-class [‚sekənd΄kla:s] a »ñÏñáñ¹ Ó³½³ïáõÙ. ë»Ïñ»ódz. internal ~ Ý»ñùÇÝ
ϳñ·Ç. ~ passenger/hotel »ñÏñáñ¹ ϳñ·Ç ë»Ïñ»ódz:
ïáÙëáí ׳Ù÷áñ¹áÕ/ÑÛáõñ³Ýáó. ~ citizens secretive [΄si:krətiv] a ·³Õïݳå³Ñ,
»ñÏñáñ¹ ϳñ·Ç Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ/ù³Õ³ù³óÇÝ»ñ: ·³ÕïÝÇ. be ~ ·³Õïݳå³Ñ ÉÇÝ»É. with a ~
seconder [΄sekəndə] n ³é³ç³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ air ËáñÑñ¹³íáñ ï»ëùáí:
å³ßïå³ÝáÕ ³ÝÓ (ÅáÕáíáõÙ, ÝÇëïáõÙ): sect [sekt] n Ñ»ñÓí³Í, ³Õ³Ý¹:
second-hand [‚sekənd΄hænd] a û·ï³·áñÍ- sectarian [sek΄teəriən] n, a Ñ»ñÓí³ÍáÕ,
í³Í (Çñ»ñ). a ~ camera û·ï³·áñÍí³Í ýá- ³Õ³Ý¹³íáñ. ³Õ³Ý¹³ínñ³Ï³Ý:
ïá³å³ñ³ï. a ~ shop/bookshop Ñݳí³- sectarianism [sek΄teəriəniz(ə)m] n Ñ»ñÓí³-
׳éÇ/Ñݳ·ñ³ í³ ×³éÇ/μáõÏÇÝÇëï³Ï³Ý ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Õ³Ý¹³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ:
˳ÝáõÃ. ~ ideas ÷á˳éÝí³Í Ùïù»ñ. ~ in- section [΄sek∫n] n ѳïí³Í, Ù³ë. ë»Ïïáñ.
formation áõñÇßÇ ÙÇçáóáí ëï³ó³Í ï»- cut into ~s Ù³ë»ñÇ μ³Å³Ý»É. ~ of the road
ջϳïíáõÃÛáõÝ. hear smth ~ áõñÇßÝ»ñÇó ׳ݳå³ñÑÇ Ñ³ïí³Í. a ~ of pipeline Ëá-
Éë»É: Õáí³ÏÇ Ñ³ïí³Í. key ~ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ï-
second-rate [‚sekənd΄reit] a »ñÏñáñ¹ ϳñ- í³Í/ë»Ïïáñ. (Ïïñí³Íù) cross/longitudinal ~
·Ç/ï»ë³ÏÇ. ~ goods »ñÏñáñ¹ ï»ë³ÏÇ É³ÛݳÏÇ/»ñϳÛݳÏÇ Ïïñí³Íù. microscopic
³åñ³Ýù. a ~ artist ÙÇç³Ï/³ãùÇ ãÁÝÏÝáÕ ~ Ù³Ýñ³¹Çï³Ïáí áõëáõÙݳëÇñ»Éáõ ÑÛáõë-
³ñí»ëï³·»ï: í³Íù³ß»ñïÇÏ. (μ³ÅÇÝ, μ³Å³ÝÙáõÝù).
secrecy [΄si:krəsi] n ·³ÕïÝÇáõÃÛáõÝ, ·³Õï- sports ~ Ù³ñ½³Ï³Ý ë»Ïódz. the first ~ of the
ÝÇù. in ~ ·³ÕïÝÇ. in strict/great ~ ËÇëï article Ñá¹í³ÍÇ ³é³çÇÝ å³ñ³·ñ³ýÁ/
·³ÕïÝÇ. swear to ~ »ñ¹í»É ·³ÕïÝÇ å³Ñ»É. ¹ñí³·Á/μ³ÅÇÝÁ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ break μ³ÅÝÇ
official ~ ³ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ/ͳé³ÛáÕ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ïáõÙ:
·³ÕïÝÇù: sectional [΄sek∫nəl] a ë»Ïódzݻñáí, ù³Ý-
secret [΄si:krət] n ·³ÕïÝÇù. in ~ ·³ÕïÝÇ, ¹áíÇ-ѳí³ùáíÇ. ËÙμ³ÛÇÝ. ~ bookcase ѳ-
óùáõÝ. an open ~ μáÉáñÇÝ Ñ³ÛïÝÇ ·³Õï- í³ùáíÇ ·ñ³å³Ñ³ñ³Ý. ~ view Ïïñí³ÍùÇ
ÝÇù. be in/on the ~ ·³ÕïÝÇùÇÝ ï»ÕÛ³Ï ï»ëùÁ ~ interests ÷Ëμ. ËÙμ³ÛÇÝ Ñ»-
ÉÇÝ»É. let one into the ~ ·³ÕïÝÇùÇÝ Ñ³Õáñ- ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ/߳ѻñ:
¹³ÏÇó ¹³ñÓÝ»É. keep a ~ ·³ÕïÝÇùÁ å³- sector [΄sektə] n ѳïí³Í, μ³ÅÇÝ, Ù³ë. ë»Ï-
Ñ»É. know, learn/reveal a ~ ÇٳݳÉ/μ³ó»É ïáñ. public and private ~s ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ¨
·³ÕïÝÇùÁ. It’s no longer a ~ ¸³ ³Ûɨë Ù³ëݳíáñ ѳïí³ÍÝ»ñ/ë»ÏïáñÝ»ñ:
·³ÕïÝÇù ã¿: secular [΄sekjulə] a ³ß˳ñÑÇÏ. ¹³ñ³íáñ.
secret [΄si:krət] a ·³ÕïÝÇ. ~ language ·³Õï- 100 ï³ñÇÝ Ù»Ï ï»ÕÇ áõÝ»óáÕ. ~ state
ݳ·Çñ. top ~ ËÇëï/ÑáõÛÅ ·³ÕïÝÇ. ~ meas- ³ß˳ñÑÇÏ å»ïáõÃÛáõÝ:
ures ·³ÕïÝÇ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ. ~ service ѳϳѻ- secularize [΄sekjuləraiz] v ³ß˳ñѳϳ-
ï³Ëáõ½áõÃÛáõÝ, ·³ÕïÝÇ Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ ݳóÝ»É, ³ß˳ñÑÇÏ ¹³ñÓÝ»É. (»Ï»Õ»ó³-
agent/marriage/door ·³ÕïÝÇ ·áñͳϳÉ/ Ï³Ý ·áõÛùÁ) å»ï³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É:
³ÙáõëÝáõÃÛáõÝ/¹áõé: secure [si΄kjuə] a Ñáõë³ÉÇ, ³å³Ñáí, ³Ý-
secretaire [‚sekrə΄teə] n ·ñ³ë»Õ³Ý, ë»Ï- íï³Ý·. The ladder/door is ~ ²ëïÇ׳ÝÁ ϳ-
ñ»ï»ñ: ÛáõÝ ¿, ¸áõéÝ ³å³Ñáí ¿. a ~ job »ñ³ß˳-
secretariat [‚sekrə΄teəreət] n ù³ñïáõÕ³ñáõ- íáñí³Í ³ß˳ï³Ýù. a ~ financial position
ÃÛáõÝ, ù³ñïáõÕ³ñ³Ï³Ý ϳ½Ù: ³å³Ñáí ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. feel ~
secretary [΄sekrətəri] ù³ñïáõÕ³ñ. ݳ- íëï³Ñ/ѳÙá½í³Í ÉÇÝ»É. be ~ from interrup-
˳ñ³ñ. ~ general ·É˳íáñ ù³ñïáõÕ³ñ. tions ÁݹѳïáõÙÝ»ñÇó/ÙÇç³ÙïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»-
private ~ ³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý ù³ñïáõÕ³ñ. ~ of state ñÇó ½»ñÍ ÙݳÉ:
for war é³½Ù³Ï³Ý Ý³Ë³ñ³ñ (Ø´). ~ of war secure [si΄kjuə] v ³å³Ñáí»É, ³Ýíï³Ý·
é³½Ù³Ï³Ý Ý³Ë³ñ³ñ (²ØÜ): ¹³ñÓÝ»É. å³ßïå³Ý»É. ~ the rope å³ñ³ÝÁ
secrete [si΄kri:t] v óùóÝ»É, å³Ñ»É. μÅßÏ. åÇݹ ³Ùñ³óÝ»É. (Ó»éù μ»ñ»É, ׳ñ»É) ~
securit/y 727 seed

tickets ïáÙë»ñ Ó»éù μ»ñ»É. ~ victory/good re- tor ¸áõù å»ïù ¿ μÅßÏÇÝ ¹ÇÙ»ù. I don’t ~ him
sults ѳÕóݳÏ/É³í ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñ ³å³Ñá- often Ø»Ýù ë³Ï³í »Ýù ï»ëÝíáõÙ. come
í»É. ~ a loan í³ñÏÁ »ñ³ß˳íáñ»É: to/go to ~ ÑÛáõñ ·³É/·Ý³É. (ѳëϳݳÉ,
securit/y [si΄kjuərəti] n ³Ýíï³Ý·áõÃÛáõÝ, ÁÙμéÝ»É) Oh, I ~ ! don’t you ~? ²Ûá,
³å³ÑáíáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ of tenure í³ñÓ»Éáõ/ ѳëϳÝáõÙ »Ù. ØDZû å³ñ½ ã¿. Let me ~
í³ñÓáõÛÃÇ »ñ³ß˳íáñÙ³Ý Çñ³íáõÝù. ~ ÂáõÛÉ ïí»ù Ùï³Í»Ù. I fail to ~ why â»Ù
check ѳí³ï³ñÙáõÃÛ³Ý ëïáõ·áõÙ. a ~ risk ѳëϳÝáõÙ ÇÝãáõ. as far as I can ~ ÇÝãù³Ý
³Ý³å³Ñáí, ³Ýíëï³Ñ»ÉÇ. S ~ Council ²Ý- »ë ѳëϳÝáõÙ »Ù, áñù³Ýáí »ë ϳñáÕ »Ù
íï³Ý·áõÃÛ³Ý ËáñÑáõñ¹ (زÎ). (»ñ³ß˳- ¹³ï»É. ~ the joke ϳï³ÏÁ ѳëϳݳÉ.
íáñáõÙ) lend money on ~ ·ñ³í³Ï³- (áõÕ»Ïó»É) ~ to the theatre/train óï-
Ýáí/»ñ³ßËÇùáí ÷áÕ å³ñïù ï³É. stand ~ ñáÝ/ϳ۳ñ³Ý áõÕ»Ïó»É. (ݳۻÉ, ¹Çï»É) ~ a
for smb Ù»ÏÇÝ »ñ³ß˳íáñ»É. ~ies ³ñÅ»- film/a match ýÇÉÙ/ýáõïμáÉÇ Ë³Õ Ý³-
ÃÕûñ. listed ~ies ·Ý³Ýßí³Í ³ñÅ»ÃÕûñ. Û»É/¹Çï»É. ~ for yourself ÇÝù¹ ݳÛÇñ. ~ that
unlisted ~ies ã·Ý³Ñ³ïí³Í ³ñÅ»ÃÕûñ go- the doors are locked лï¨Çñ/î»ë, áñ ¹éÝ»ñÁ
vernment ~ies å»ï³Ï³Ý ³ñÅ»ÃÕûñ: ÷³Ïí»Ý/ÏáÕåí»Ý. (ѻ層É, Ñá·³É) I’ll ~ to
sedan [si΄dæn] n ÷³Ï ³íïáÙ»ù»Ý³. å³ï- this myself ºë ¹ñ³ Ù³ëÇÝ ÇÝùë ÏÑá·³Ù.
·³ñ³Ï. Ïñ»ÉÇ μ³½Ï³Ãáé: (ÇٳݳÉ, å³ñ½»É) go and ~ ·Ý³ ¨ å³ñ½Çñ.
sedate [si΄deit] a ѳí³ë³ñ³ÏßÇé, ͳÝñ³- ~ for oneself ѳÙá½í»É. ~ the world/ life
μ³ñá: ³ß˳ñÑÁ ï»ëÝ»É. ~ the light ÉáõÛë ï»ëÝ»É.
sedative [΄sedətiv]1. n μÅßÏ. ó³í³ÙáùÇã The story saw the light ä³ïÙí³ÍùÁ ÉáõÛë
¹»Õ³ÙÇçáó. 2. a ó³í³ÙáùÇã, ѳݷëï³ó- ï»ë³í. (ï³ñμ»ñ û·ï³·áñÍáõÙÝ»ñ) I don’t
ÝáÕ: ~ him as a teacher ºë Ýñ³Ý áõëáõóÇã ã»Ù
sedentary [΄sedntəri] a Ýëï³ÏÛ³ó (Ï»Ýë³- å³ïÏ»ñ³óÝáõÙ I saw from the paper ºë
ûñÃáõ٠ϳñ¹³óÇ. We’ll never ~ his like
Ï»ñå). Ýëï³Í:
again Ø»Ýù ³Ûɨë Ýñ³ ÝÙ³Ý Ù»ÏÇÝ ã»Ýù
sediment [΄sedimənt] n Ýëïí³Íù, ïÇÕÙ.
ѳݹÇåÇ. Have you ever seen the like? ÜÙ³Ý
»ñÏñμ. Ýëïí³Íù, Ýëïí³Íù³ß»ñï:
μ³Ý »ñμ¨¿ ï»ë»±É »ë. The car has seen better
sedition [si΄di∫n] n ËéáíáõÃÛ³Ý Ïáã:
days Ø»ù»Ý³Ý ³í»ÉÇ É³í ûñ»ñ ¿ ï»ë»É. ~
seditious [si΄di∫əs] a Ëéáí³ñ³ñ, ³åëï³Ù- about Ñá· ï³Ý»É, ѻ層É. ~ after ËݳٻÉ,
μ³Ï³Ý:
Ñá· ï³Ý»É. ~ in Ý»ñë μ»ñ»É ~ him in Ý»ñë
seduce [si΄dju:s] v ·³ÛóÏÕ»óÝ»É, Ññ³åáõ- μ»ñ»ù/Ññ³íÇñ»ù Ýñ³Ý. ~ the New Year in
ñ»É:
Üáñ ï³ñÇÝ ¹ÇÙ³íáñ»É. ~ into ó÷³Ýó»É,
seduction [si΄dΛk∫n] n Ññ³åáõñ³Ýù, ·³Û- Ëáñ³ÙáõË ÉÇÝ»É. ùÝݳñÏ»É, ùÝÝ»É. ~ off
óÏÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ·³ÛóÏÕáõÙ:
׳ݳå³ñÑ ¹Ý»É. ~ off smn at the station ϳ-
seductive [si΄dΛktiv] a ·³ÛóÏÕÇã, Ññ³- Û³ñ³Ýáõ٠׳ݳå³ñÑ ¹Ý»É. ~ out ÙÇÝã¨
åáõñÇã:
¹áõéÁ áõÕ»Ïó»É. ~ over ½ÝÝ»É, ¹Çï»É. ~ over
sedulity [si΄dju:ləti] n ³ß˳ï³ëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ, the school/the garden ¹Çï»É ¹åñáóÇ ß»ÝùÁ/
ç³Ý³ëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ: ³Û·ÇÝ. ~ through û·Ý»É. He saw me through
sedulous [΄sedjuləs] a ³ß˳ï³ë»ñ, ç³Ý³- my troubles ܳ ÇÝÓ û·Ý»ó ¹Åí³ñ å³ÑÇÝ. ~
ë»ñ: to Ñá· ï³Ý»É. S~ you later ÎѳݹÇå»Ýù,
see [si:] v ï»ëÝ»É, Ýϳï»É, ï»ëáÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ Îï»ëÝí»Ýù. ~ you soon ØÇÝã ѳݹÇåáõÙ:
ÁÝϳɻÉ. ~ at a distance Ñ»é³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý see [si:] n »Ï»Õ. μ»Ù. the Holy S ~ ÐéáÙÇ
íñ³/ Ñ»éáõ ï»ëÝ»É. Have you seen London? å³åÇ ·³ÑÁ:
ÈáݹáÝÁ ï»ë»±É »ù. I don’t ~ any point in it seed [si:d] n ë»ñÙ, ѳïÇÏ. go/run to ~ ë»ñÙ³-
ºë ¹ñ³ Ù»ç ÇÙ³ëï ã»Ù ï»ëÝáõÙ. I ~ it this ϳɻÉ. He has gone to ~s ÷Ëμ. ܳ
way ºë ¹³ ³Ûë Ó¨áí »Ù ï»ëÝáõÙ/å³ïÏ»- ÁÝÏ×í»É/íѳïí»É/μ³ñáÛ³Éùí»É ¿. ~s of
ñ³óÝáõÙ. Cats ~ in the dark γïáõÝ»ñÁ doubt ϳëϳÍ(-Ç ë»ñÙ»ñ). sow the ~s of
ϳñáÕ »Ý ÙÃáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ï»ëÝ»É. He can’t ~ doubt/discord ϳëϳÍ/»ñÏå³é³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ
to read Üñ³ ѳٳñ ¹Åí³ñ ¿ ϳñ¹³É. ë»ñٳݻÉ. ~ potatoes ë»ñÙ³óáõ ϳñïáýÇÉ.
(ï»ëÝí»É, ѳݹÇå»É) You ought to ~ the doc- ~ drill ë»ñÙݳó³Ý£
seed-bed 728 self

seed-bed [΄si:dbed] n ë³ÍÇÉÝ»ñáí ³Íáõ/ ~ descriptor ë»·Ù»ÝïÇ Ýϳñ³·ñÇã:


Ù³ñ·: segregate [΄segrigeit] v ³é³ÝÓݳóÝ»É. ³Ý-
seeder [΄si:də] n ë»ñÙݳó³Ý. Ïáñǽ³Ñ³Ý ç³ï(í)»É, ½³ï(í)»É. Ù»Ïáõë³óÝ»É. The pa-
Ù»ù»Ý³: tient was ~d ÐÇí³Ý¹ÇÝ Ù»Ïáõë³óñÇÝ. In this
seeding-machine [΄si:diŋmə‚∫i:n] n school the sexes are ~d ²Ûë ¹åñáóáõÙ
ë»ñÙݳó³Ý Ù»ù»Ý³: ÏÇñ³éíáõÙ ¿ ³é³ÝÓÇÝ áõëáõóáõÙ:
seedling [΄si:dliŋ] n ë»ñÙݳμáõÛë, ë³ÍÇÉ. segregation [‚segri΄gei∫n] n ³é³ÝÓݳóáõÙ,
ïÝÏÇ: Ù»Ïáõë³óáõÙ. Ëïñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. race ~
seedsman [΄si:dzmən] n ë»ñÙ³í³×³é. é³ë³Û³Ï³Ý Ëïñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
ë»ñÙݳó³Ý: seine [sein] n ïáåñ³Ï³ó³Ýó, áõéϳÝ:
seed-time [΄si:dtaim] n ó³ÝùÇ Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÁ: seismic [΄saizmik] a »ñÏñ³ß³ñųÛÇÝ, ë»Ûë-
seedy [΄si:di] a Ù³ßí³Í, ùñùñí³Í. ËëÏó. ÙÇÏ:
í³ï³éáÕç, ïϳñ. feel ~ Çñ»Ý í³ï ½·³É. seize [si:z] v μéÝ»É, ׳ÝÏ»É. í»ñóÝ»É, ·ñ³-
look ~ í³ï³éáÕç/Ù³ßí³Í ï»ëù áõݻݳÉ: í»É. Çñ³í. μéݳ·ñ³í»É (·áõÛùÁ). ~ by the
seeing [΄si:iŋ] conj ~ that ÝϳïÇ áõݻݳÉáí, arm èÁ μéÝ»É/׳ÝÏ»É. be ~d by a feeling
ù³ÝÇ áñ: ½·³óÙáõÝùáí ѳٳÏí»É. be ~d by coughing
seek [si:k] v ÷Ýïñ»É, áñáÝ»É. ÷áñÓ»É. ~ shel- ѳ½Á μéÝ»É. ~ power Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ýí³-
ter/safety/help ³å³ëï³Ý/³å³ÑáíáõÃÛáõÝ/ ×»É/½³íûÉ. ~ the opportunity/occasion/ chance
û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ÷Ýïñ»É. ~ advice ËáñÑñ¹Ç ϳ- ³éÇÃÁ ãÏáñóÝ»É. The engine ~d up Þ³ñÅÇãÝ
ñÇù áõݻݳÉ. ~ after/for Ó·ï»É, Ñ»ï³Ùáõï ³Ýß³ñųó»É ¿/Ééí»É ¿:
ÉÇÝ»É. be much sought after ѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ í³- seizure [΄si:зə] n ½³íÃáõÙ, ·ñ³íáõÙ. Ýí³-
ۻɻÉ. This edition is greatly sought after ²Ûë ×áõÙ. μÅßÏ. Ýáå³, áõ߳ó÷áõÃÛáõÝ. Çñ³í.
Ññ³ï³ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ù»Í å³Ñ³Ýç³ñÏ ¿ ϳɳÝù (·áõÛùÇ):
í³Û»ÉáõÙ. ~ out ÷Ýïñ»É. Ñ»ï³Ëáõ½í»É: seldom [΄seldəm] adv ѳ½í³¹»å, ë³Ï³í³-
seem [si:m] v Ãí³É, »ñ¨³É. it ~s ÃíáõÙ ¿, Áëï ¹»å, áã ѳ׳Ë:
»ñ¨áõÛÃÇÝ. It ~s to him/me Üñ³Ý/ÆÝÓ ÃíáõÙ ¿. select [sə΄lekt] a ÁÝïÇñ, ÁÝïñÛ³É, μ³ó³éÇÏ.
(ϳñÍ»ë) He ~s to be tired γñÍ»ë ݳ Ñá·- a ~ gathering ÁÝïñÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ Ñ³í³ù. a ~ group
Ý³Í ¿. She ~s young ܳ ç³Ñ»É ¿ »ñ¨áõÙ: of friends Ùáï ÁÝÏ»ñÝ»ñÇ ßñç³Ý³Ï. a ~
seeming [΄si:miŋ] a Ãí³óáÕ, ³é»ñ¨áõÛÃ. blend of tobacco Í˳ËáïÇ ÁÝïñÛ³É ï»ë³-
Ï»ÕÍ, ßÇÝÍáõ: ϳÝÇ. ~ committee ѳïáõÏ ÏáÙÇï»:
seemingly [΄si:miŋli] adv ³ñï³ùÇÝÇó select [sə΄lekt] v ÁÝïñ»É, çáÏ»É. ~ a gift Ýí»ñ
¹³ï»Éáí, Áëï »ñ¨áõÛÃÇÝ: ÁÝïñ»É. be ~ed for ÁÝïñí»É (ÇÝã-áñ μ³ÝÇ)
seemly [΄si:mli] a å³ïß³×, í³Û»Éáõã: ѳٳñ£
seep [si:p] 1. n ³ÕμÛáõñ (·»ïÝÇ ï³ÏÇó selection [sə΄lek∫n] n ÁÝïñáõÙ, çáÏáõÙ. ÁÝï-
μËáÕ). 2. v Íáñ»É. (¹áõñë/Ý»ñë) Ñáë»É: ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ѳí³ù³Íáõ. ~ of paintings Ýϳñ-
seepage [΄si:pidз] n ¹áõñë/Ý»ñë Íáñ»ÉÁ/Ñá- Ý»ñÇ ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝ/ѳí³ù³Íáõ. make ~s for
ë»ÉÁ/ÍÍí»ÉÁ. Ý»ñÍÍíáÕ/¹áõñë Íáñ³óáÕ the contest ÙñóáõÛÃÇ Ù³ëݳÏÇó»ñÇ ÁÝïñáõ-
çáõñ: ÃÛáõÝ Ï³ï³ñ»É. Ï»Ýë. ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝ, ë»É»Ï-
seesaw [΄si:sɔ:] n ïÝÏá½Ç. play on a ~ ódz. natural ~ μÝ³Ï³Ý ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ com-
ïÝÏá½Ç ˳ճÉ. ï³ï³ÝáõÙÝ»ñ í»ñáõ- mittee ÁÝïñ³Ï³Ý ѳÝÓݳÅáÕáí:
í³ñ/»ïáõ³é³ç. go ~ ï³ï³Ýí»É, ×á×í»É: selective [sə΄lektiv] a ÁÝïñáÕ, ï»ë³Ï³íá-
seethe [si:ð] v »é³É, ÷áÃáñÏí»É, ³É»ÏáÍí»É. ñáÕ. ÁÝïñáճϳÝ, ë»É»ÏóÇáÝ. ~ breeding
~ with indignation ½³ÛñáõÛÃÇó »é³É. The ÁÝïñáíÇ μáõÍáõÙ/μ³½Ù³óáõÙ. be not very ~
square was ~ing with people Ðñ³å³ñ³ÏÁ áã ß³ï Ëëï³å³Ñ³Ýç ÉÇÝ»É, Ëëï³å³-
(Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ, ³ÙμáËÁ) ³É»ÏáÍíáõÙ ¿ñ: ѳÝç ãÉÇÝ»É:
segment [΄segmənt] n ѳïí³Í, Ù³ë. μÉÃ³Ï self [self] n ë»÷³Ï³Ý ³ÝÓÁ/ “»ë” Á. the study
(ݳñÝçÇ). Ù³Ã. ë»·Ù»Ýï. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ ͳÍÏ- of the ~ ÇÝùݳí»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛáõÝ. my (very) own
Ù³Ý Ñ³ïí³Í, ë»·Ù»Ýï. ~ and offset ~ ÇÙ ë»÷³Ï³Ý ³ÝÓÁ, »ë ÇÝùë. one’s better ~
ë»·Ù»Ýï-ß»ÕáõÙ. ~ base ë»·Ù»ÝïÇ ëÏǽμÁ. É³í³·áõÛÝÁ Ù³ñ¹áõ Ù»ç. one’s second ~
self-acting 729 self-reproach

³Ù»Ý³Ùáï μ³ñ»Ï³ÙÁ, ³ç Ó»éùÁ, »ñÏñáñ¹ ÇÝùݳÝϳñ³·ñ³Ï³Ý:


“ »ë “ Á. the conscious ~ ·Çï³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ She self-determination [‚selfditə:mi΄nei∫n] n
is her old ~ again ÜáñÇó ³ÛÝåÇëÇÝ ¿, ÇÝãåÇ- ÇÝùÝáñáßáõÙ, í×é³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
ëÇÝ Ï³ñ. ~ comes first, ~ before all (³Ù»ÝÇó) self-determined [‚selfdi΄tə:mind] a ³Ý-
²é³ç »ë, Ñ»ïá ÙÛáõëÝ»ñÁ: ϳË, ÇÝùÝáõñáõÛÝ:
self-acting [‚self΄æktiŋ] a ³íïáÙ³ï: self-dual [‚self΄dju:əl] a ÑÙÏñ·. ÇÝùݳ»ñϳ-
self-assertion [‚selfə΄sə:∫n] n ë»÷³Ï³Ý ÏÇ:
Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÇ å³ßïå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: self-educated [‚self΄edjukeitid] a ÇÝùÝáõë,
self assurance [‚selfə΄∫ɔ:rəns] n ÇÝùݳ- ÇÝùÝ Çñ»Ý ÏñóÍ:
íëï³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ: self-evident [‚self΄evidənt] a ³ÏÝѳÛï:
self-assured [‚selfə΄∫uəd] a ÇÝùݳíëï³Ñ: ~ self-expression [‚selfik΄spre∫n] n ÇÝùݳ³ñ-
manner/young man ÇÝùݳíëï³Ñ å³Ñí³Íù/ ï³Ñ³ÛïáõÙ£
»ñÇï³ë³ñ¹: self-government [‚self΄gΛvnmənt] n ÇÝù-
self-blaming [‚self΄bleimiŋ] a ÇÝùÝ Çñ»Ý ݳϳé³í³ñáõÙ. ~ bodies ÇÝùݳϳé³í³ñ-
Ó³ÕÏáÕ/Ù»Õ³¹ñáÕ: Ù³Ý/ÇÝùݳí³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ñÙÇÝÝ»ñ:
self-centred [‚self΄sentəd] a »ë³Ï»ÝïñáÝ, self-importance [‚selfim΄pɔ:tns] n ٻͳ-
»ë³ÙáÉ. ¿·áó»ÝïñÇÏ: ÙïáõÃÛáõÝ, ·áéá½áõÃÛáõÝ:
self-collected [‚selfkə΄lektid] a ѳݷÇëï, self-indulgent [‚selfin΄dΛldзənt] a Çñ»Ý
½áõëå, ³Ýíñ¹áí. Ùï³½·³ëï: ѳ×áõÛùÝ»ñÇó/áãÝãÇó ã½ñÏáÕ:
self-compiling compiler [΄self kəm΄pailiŋ self-interest [‚self΄intrəst] n »ë³ëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ,
kəm΄pailə] ÑÙÏñ·. ïñ³ÝëÉÛ³ïáñ: ¿·áǽÙ. ³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝ/ ß³Ñ:
self-conceit [‚selfkən΄si:t] n ٻͳÙïáõÃÛáõÝ, selfish [΄selfi∫] a »ë³ëÇñ³Ï³Ý. ³ÝÓݳå³ß-
ÇÝùݳíëï³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ: ï³Ï³Ý:
self-conceited [‚selfkən΄si:tid] a ٻͳÙÇï, selfishness [΄selfi∫nəs] n »ë³ëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ,
ÇÝùݳíëï³Ñ: »ë³ÙáÉáõÃÛáõÝ:
self-conscious [‚self΄kɒn∫əs] a ³Ù³ãÏáï, selfless [΄selfləs] a ÇÝùݳ½áÑ, ³Ý߳ѳ-
ù³ßíáÕ. I felt ~ wearing that hat ºë ß³ï ¿Ç ËݹÇñ:
³Ù³ãáõÙ Ïñ»É ³Û¹ ·É˳ñÏÁ: self-made [‚self΄meid] a ³Ù»Ý ÇÝãáí Çñ»Ý
self-consistent [‚selfkən΄sistnt] a ïñ³Ù³- å³ñï³Ï³Ý. a ~ man ³Ù»Ý ÇÝãÇ ë»÷³Ï³Ý
μ³Ý³Ï³Ý, ³ÙμáÕç³Ï³Ý: áõÅ»ñáí ѳë³Í Ù³ñ¹£
self-contained [‚selfkən΄teind] a ÇÝùݳÙ- self-modifying [‚self΄mɒdifaiiŋ] a ÑÙÏñ·.
÷á÷, ÇÝùÝáõñáõÛÝ, ³ÝϳË. a ~ flat ³é³Ý- ÇÝùݳӨ³÷áËíáÕ, ÇÝùݳ÷á÷áËíáÕ:
ÓÇÝ μݳϳñ³Ý: self-opinionated [‚selfə΄pinjəneitid] a ÇÝù-
self-contained system [‚selfkən΄teind ݳíëï³Ñ, ѳٳé:
΄sistəm] ÑÙÏñ·. ÷³Ï/ÇÝùݳμ³í³ñ³ñ ѳ- self-portrait [‚self΄pɔ:trət] n ÇÝùݳÝϳñ:
ٳϳñ·: self-possessed [‚selfpə΄zest] a ÇÝùݳ½áõëå,
self-control [‚selfkən΄trəul] n ÇÝùݳïÇñ³- ë³éݳëÇñï:
å»ïáõÙ. lose one’s ~ ÇÝùݳïÇñ³å»ïáõÙÁ self-preservation [‚selfprezə΄vein∫] n ÇÝù-
ÏáñóÝ»É: ݳå³Ñå³ÝáõÙ. the instinct of ~ ÇÝùݳ-
self-criticism [‚self΄kritisiz(ə)m] n ÇÝùݳ- å³Ñå³ÝÙ³Ý μݳ½¹:
ùÝݳ¹³ïáõÃÛáõÝ: self-propelled [‚selfprə΄peld] a ÇÝùݳ-
self deception [‚selfdi΄sep∫n] n ÇÝùݳ˳- ·Ý³ó, ÇÝùݳ߳ñÅ:
μ»áõÃÛáõÝ: self-relative addressing [‚self΄relətiv
self–defence [‚selfdi΄fens] ÇÝùݳå³ßïå³- ə΄dresiŋ] ÑÙÏñ·. ѳñ³μ»ñ³Ï³Ý ѳë-
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. act in ~ ·áñÍ»É ÇÝùݳå³ßïå³- ó»³íáñáõÙ:
ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ýå³ï³ÏÝ»ñáí: self-reliant [‚selfri΄laiənt] a ÇÝùݳíëï³Ñ,
self-denial [‚selfdi΄naiəl] n ÇÝùݳÑñ³- ë»÷³Ï³Ý áõÅ»ñÇÝ íëï³Ñ. ÑáõÛëÝ Çñ íñ³
ųñáõÙ: ¹ÝáÕ:
self-descriptive [‚selfdis΄kriptiv] a ÑÙÏñ·. self-reproach [‚selfri΄prəut∫] n ÇÝùݳݳ-
self-respect 730 semi-structured data

˳ïÇÝù, ÇÝùݳÏßï³Ùμ³Ýù: sell up [΄selΛp] v ³×áõñ¹áí í³×³é»É. He


self-respect [‚selfri΄spekt] n ë»÷³Ï³Ý ³Ý- sold up and moved away ܳ ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã í³-
ÓÇ ³ñųݳå³ïíáõÃÛáõÝ: ׳é»ó ¨ Ñ»é³ó³í ³Û¹ í³ÛñÇó:
self-sacrifice [‚self΄sækrifais] n ³ÝÓݳ- selvage, selvedge [΄selvidз] n »½ñ³ß»ñï:
ÇÝùݳ½áѳμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ: semantic [sə΄mæntik] a É»½í. ÇÙ³ëï³μ³-
selfsame [΄selfseim] a ×Çßï/Ñ»Ýó ÝáõÛÝ: ݳϳÝ, ÇÙ³ëï³ÛÇÝ. - network ÑÙÏñ·.
self-satisfied [‚self΄sætisfaid] a ÇÝùݳ·áÑ, ÇÙ³ëï³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý ó³Ýó:
ÇÝùݳμ³í³Ï³Ý: semantics [sə΄mæntiks] n É»½í. ÇÙ³ëï³-
self-seeking [‚self΄si:kiŋ] a ߳ѳÙáÉ, ߳ѳ- μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
ë»ñ: semaphore [΄seməfɔ:] n ³½¹³Ýß³ÝÙ³Ý
self-service [‚self΄sə:vis] n ÇÝùݳëå³ë³ñ- ë³ñù/ѳٳϳñ·. »ñÏÃ. Éáõë³½¹³Ýß³Ý
ÏáõÙ. a ~ shop ÇÝùݳëå³ë³ñÏÙ³Ý Ë³- (ë»Ù³ýáñ):
ÝáõÃ: semasiology [sə‚meizi΄ɒlədзi] n É»½í. ÇÙ³ë-
self-starter [‚self΄sta:tə] n (³íïá) ³íïá- ï³μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
Ù³ï ëï³ñï»ñ Ó·³Ý: semblance [΄sembləns] n ³ñï³ùÇÝ ï»ëù.
self-sufficient [‚selfsə΄fi∫nt] a ÇÝùݳμ³í. ˳μáõëÇÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ³é»ñ¨áõÛà μ³Ý. under the
ÇÝùÝ Çñ»Ý ³å³ÑáíáÕ. The country is ~ in ~ of áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ å³ïñí³Ïáí. a ~ of justice
fuel ºñÏÇñÁ Çñ»Ý ÉñÇí ³å³ÑáíáõÙ ¿ ³é»ñ¨áõÛà ³ñ¹³ñ³¹³ïáõÃÛáõÝ. put on a ~
í³é»ÉÇùáí: of Ó¨³óÝ»É, Ó¨³Ý³É. ¹ÇÙ³Ï Ñ³·Ý»É. put on
self-supporting [‚selfsə΄pɔ:tiŋ] a ÇÝùÝ Çñ»Ý a ~ of gaiety Ó¨³óÝ»É, áñ áõñ³Ë ¿. (ÝÙ³Ýáõ-
³å³ÑáíáÕ. My daughter is ~ ²ÕçÇÏë ÇÝùÝ ¿ ÃÛáõÝ) a feeble ~ ÃáõÛÉ ÝÙ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ£
Çñ ³åñáõëïÁ í³ëï³ÏáõÙ: semen [΄si:mən] n ë»ñÙ, ëå»ñÙ³:
self-taught [‚self΄tɔ:t] a ÇÝùÝáõë: semester [sə΄mestə] n, a ÏÇë³ÙÛ³Ï (ë»-
self-will [‚self΄wil] n ϳٳ۳ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ, Ù»ëïñ) ÏÇë³ÙÛ³ÏÇ, ÏÇë³Ù۳ϳÛÇÝ:
ùٳѳ×áõÃÛáõÝ: semibasement [‚semi΄beismənt] n ÏÇë³-
self-willed [‚self΄wild] a ÇÝùݳϳÙ, ÝÏáõÕ:
ùٳѳ×: semicircle [΄semisə:kl] n ÏÇë³ßñç³Ý:
sell [sel] v í³×³é»É, ͳ˻É. ~ cheap/ dear(ly)/ semicolon [‚semi΄kəulən] n ù»ñ. Ï»ï-ëïá-
profitably ¿Å³Ý/óÝÏ/߳ѳí»ï í³×³é»É. ~ ñ³Ï»ï (;):
at a good price/loss É³í ·Ýáí/íݳëáí í³×³- semidarkness [‚semi΄da:knəs] n ÏÇë³ÙáõÃ:
é»É. ~ off ½»Õãáí/ßï³å/ í³×³é»É ~ one’s semidetached [‚semidi΄tæt∫t] a Ïó³å³-
life dearly ÷Ëμ. ÏÛ³ÝùÁ óÝÏ Í³Ë»É. (í³- ï³ÛÇÝ, ѳñ¨³Ý ß»ÝùÇ Ñ»ï ÁݹѳÝáõñ
׳éí»É) The book is ~ing well ¶ÇñùÁ É³í ¿ å³ï áõÝ»óáÕ. The house is ~ îáõÝÁ Ïó³-
í³×³éíáõÙ He knows how to ~ himself ¶ÇïÇ å³ï³ÛÇÝ ¿£
Çñ»Ý ÇÝãå»ë Ý»ñϳ۳óÝÇ. This idea won’t ~ semifinal [‚semi΄fainl] a Ùñ½. ÏÇë³»½ñ³-
²Ûë ·³Õ³÷³ñÁ ѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ ãÇ áõݻݳ: ÷³ÏÇã:
seller [΄selə] n í³×³éáÕ/- áõÑÇ. í³×³éíáÕ semifinished goods [‚semi΄fini∫t gudz] n
³åñ³Ýù. best ~ ·Ý³ÛáõÝ ³åñ³Ýù, Ù»Í Ñ³- ÏÇë³ý³μñÇϳïÝ»ñ, ÏÇë³å³ïñ³ëïáõù,
çáÕáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»óáÕ ·Çñù. This model is a ÏÇë³å³ïñ³ëï ³ñï³¹ñ³Ýù£
good ~ ²Ûë Ó¨Á/ï»ë³ÏÁ É³í ¿ í³×³éíáõÙ: semifixed record [‚semi΄fikst rekɔ:d]
selling [΄seliŋ] n í³×³éù, Çñ³óáõÙ, ëå³- ÑÙÏñ·. ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï »ñϳñáõÃÛ³Ùμ
éáõÙ. ~ agent í³×³éùÇ ·áñͳϳÉ. ~ price ·ñ³éáõÙ£
ßáõϳ۳ϳÝ/í³×³éùÇ ·ÇÝ: semi-join [‚semi΄dзɔin] n ÃáõÛÉ ÙdzÏóáõÙ:
sellotape [΄seləteip] n ëùáã, ÏåãáõÝ Å³- seminary [΄seminəri] n Ñá·¨áñ ×»Ù³-
å³í»Ý£ ñ³Ý/ë»ÙÇݳñdz. (μáõÛë»ñÇ) ïÝϳñ³Ý:
sell-out [΄selaut] n ³ÙμáÕç ³åñ³ÝùÇ í³- semiprecious [‚semi΄pre∫əs] a ÏÇë³Ã³Ý-
׳éù. The product is sold out ²Ûë ³åñ³ÝùÁ ϳñÅ»ù. a ~ stone ÏÇë³Ã³ÝϳñÅ»ù ù³ñ:
ÉñÇí í³×³éí»É ¿. The concert is sold out semi-structured data [‚semi΄strΛkt∫əd
гٻñ·Ç ïáÙë»ñÁ ëå³éí»É »Ý: ΄deitə] ÃáõÛÉ Ï³éáõóí³Íù³ÛÇÝ ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ:
semivowel 731 sensitive

semivowel [΄semivauəl] n É»½í. ÏÇë³Ó³Û- ßßÙ»óáõóÇã, ë»Ýë³óÇáÝ:


ݳíáñ: sense [sens] n ½·³óáõÙ, ½·³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ. the five
semolina [‚semə΄linə] n ëåÇï³Ï³Ó³í³ñ, ~s ½·³Û³ñ³ÝÝ»ñ. ~ of taste/pain ѳÙÇ/
Ù³Ýñ³Ó³í³ñ. ëåÇï³Ï³Ó³í³ñÇ ßÇɳ: ó³íÇ ½·³óáõÙ. have keen/quick ~ ëáõñ ÁÝ-
senate [΄senət] n ë»Ý³ï. ·ÇïËáñÑáõñ¹ ϳÉáõÙ áõݻݳÉ. It’s time to come to ~s ij-
(áñáß Ñ³Ù³Éë³ñ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ): ٳݳÏÝ ¿ Ë»ÉùÇ ·³Éáõ/Ë»ÉùÁ ·ÉáõËÁ ѳ-
senator [΄senətə] n ë»Ý³ïáñ: í³ù»Éáõ. bring smb to his ~s áõßùÇ μ»ñ»É.
send [send] v áõÕ³ñÏ»É. ~ to hospital/home (½·³óÙáõÝù) a ~ of pleasure/shame/humour
ÑÇí³Ý¹³Ýáó/ïáõÝ áõÕ³ñÏ»É. ~ to the chair ѳ×áõÛùÇ/ ³ÙáÃÇ/ÑáõÙáñÇ ½·³óáõÙ. have a
Ù³Ñí³Ý ¹³ï³å³ñï»É (¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³Ý ³- good business ~ μǽݻëÇ É³í ½·³-
Ãáé). (ѳÕáñ¹»É) ~ word/news Éáõñ áõÕ³ñ- óáõÙ/Ñáï³éáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ. (³éáÕç ¹³-
Ï»É/ѳÕáñ¹»É. ~ about his business/packing ïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, Ë»Éù, μ³Ý³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ)
³ß˳ï³ÝùÇó ³½³ï»É, å³ßïáÝÇó ³ñ- good/sound/common ~ ³éáÕç ¹³ïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ.
ӳϻÉ. ~ to sleep ùÝ»óÝ»É. The lecture sent me make no ~ ÇÙ³ëï ãáõݻݳÉ. make ~ ѳë-
to sleep ~ ¸³ë³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÇÝÓ ùÝ»óñ»ó. ϳݳÉ. have the ~ μ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷ ˻ɳóÇ
~ crazy ˻ɳ·³ñ»óÝ»É, ·Åí»óÝ»É. ~ away ÉÇÝ»É. (ÇÙ³ëï, Ý߳ݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ) the strict/lit-
Ñ»é³óÝ»É. áõÕ³ñÏ»É. ~ down Ñ»é³óÝ»É eral ~ μ³é³óÇ/ï³é³óÇ ÇÙ³ëï. in the full
(ѳٳÉë³ñ³ÝÇó). ~ for Ù»ÏÇ/ÙÇ μ³ÝÇ Ñ»- ~ ÉñÇí ÇÙ³ëïáí. in a certain ~ áñáß/ÇÝã-áñ
ï¨Çó áõÕ³ñÏ»É. ~ for a taxi/doctor Ù»ù»- ÇÙ³ëïáí. (ϳñÍÇù) the ~ of the meeting Åá-
ݳÛÇ/μÅßÏÇ h»ï¨Çó áõÕ³ñÏ»É. ~ up í»ñ¨ ÕáíÇ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ϳñÍÇùÁ/ÙÃÝáÉáñïÁ ~s
áõÕ³ñÏ»É. ~ up a balloon/rocket ÷áõ- Ë»Éù. be out of one’s ~s Ë»ÉùÁ ÃéóÝ»É. lose
ãÇÏ/ÑñÃÇé áõÕ³ñÏ»É/ ÃéóÝ»É: one’s ~ Ë»ÉùÁ ÏáñóÝ»É in a good/bad ~
sender [΄sendə] n áõÕ³ñÏáÕ, ³é³ùáÕ, ɳí/í³ï ÇÙ³ëïáí. talk ~ Ë»ÉùÇ Ùáï/Ë»-
³é³ùÇã ³ÝÓ. ѻ鳷ñ³Ï³Ý ë³ñù/ѳÕáñ- Éáù μ³Ý ³ë»É. a man of common ~ ³éáÕç
¹Çã: ¹³ïáÕáõÃÛ³Ý ï»ñ Ù³ñ¹:
send-off [΄sendɒf] n ËëÏó. ׳ݳå³ñÑ»ÉÁ, senseless [΄sensləs] a ³ÝÇÙ³ëï, ³ÝÙÇï,
׳ݳå³ñÑ ·ó»ÉÁ: ³Ýμáí³Ý¹³Ï. ³Ý½·³, ·Çï³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ
senile [΄si:nail] a Í»ñáõݳϳÝ, ½³é³ÙÛ³É: Ïáñóñ³Í. fall ~ áõß³·Ý³ó ÁÝÏÝ»É. knock ~
senility [sə΄niləti] n Í»ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ½³é³Ùáõ- áõ߳ó÷/áõß³·Ý³ó ³Ý»É. ~ talk ³ÝÇÙ³ëï
ÃÛáõÝ: Ëáë³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ, ÑÇÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ£
senior [΄si:niə] n Ù»Í. ³í³·. å»ï. ³Ù. sensibility [‚sensə΄biləti] n ½·³ÛáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ.
(ѳٳÉë³ñ³ÝÇ) í»ñçÇÝ ÏáõñëÇ áõë³ÝáÕ: ¹Ûáõñ³½·³óáõÃÛáõÝ. ½·³ÛáõÝ μݳíáñáõ-
senior [΄si:niə] a ³í³·, Ù»Í, ï³ñ»ó. John ÃÛáõÝ. ë³ñùÇ/·áñÍÇùÇ ×ß·ñïáõÃÛáõÝ:
Brown ~ ³í³· æáÝ ´ñ³áõÝÁ (ѳÛñÁ). the ~ sensible [΄sensəbl] a ˻ɳóÇ, μ³Ý³Ï³Ý.
partner ³í³· ·áñÍÁÝÏ»ñ. a ~ official μ³ñÓñ ·Çï³ÏóáÕ, ½·³ÉÇ. a ~ woman/idea ˻ɳóÇ
å³ßïáÝÛ³/ãÇÝáíÝÇÏ. a ~ citizen ï³ñ»ó ÏÇÝ, Ë»Éáù ÙÇïù. wear ~ shoes/clothes ѳ-
Ù³ñ¹/ù³Õ³ù³óÇ. ³Ù. Ãá߳ϳéáõ. He is ~ Ù³å³ï³ëË³Ý ÏáßÇÏÝ»ñ/ѳ·áõëï ѳ·-
to me ܳ ÇÝÓÝÇó Ù»Í ¿. ÆÝÓÝÇó μ³ñÓñ Ý»É. (½·³ÉÇ, ßáß³÷»ÉÇ) a ~ rise ½·³ÉÇ ³×.
å³ßïáÝ ¿ ·ñ³íáõÙ: be ~ of ½·³É, ·Çï³Ïó»É. I am ~ of your kind-
seniority [‚si:ni΄ɒrəti] n ³í³·áõÃÛáõÝ, ness ¼·áõÙ/¶Çï³ÏóáõÙ »Ù Ó»ñ μ³ñáõ-
³í»ÉÇ μ³ñÓñ å³ßïáÝ: ~ pay ѳí»É³í׳ñ ÃÛáõÝÁ:
»ñϳñ³ÙÛ³ ͳé³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ: sensitive [΄sensətiv] a ½·³ÛáõÝ, ¹Ûáõñ³½·³ó.
sensation [sen΄sei∫n] n ½·³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ, ½·³- ³ÝϳÛáõÝ. Ýáõñμ/Ù³ßÏ/. a ~ skin ½·³-
óáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ of warmth ï³ùÇ ½·³óá- ÛáõÝ/Ýáõñμ Ù³ßÏ a ~ ear ËÇëï Ýáõñμ ÉëáÕáõ-
ÕáõÃÛáõÝ. lose all ~ ÏáñóÝ»É ½·³Éáõ áõݳÏáõ- ÃÛáõÝ. ~ market ³ÝϳÛáõÝ ßáõϳ. ~ paper
ÃÛáõÝÁ. (ë»Ýë³ódz) make a great ~ ë»Ýë³- Éáõë³½·³ÛáõÝ ÃáõÕÃ. ~ plant μëμ. å³ïϳ-
ódz ³é³ç³óÝ»É. tÑe latest ~ ³Ù»Ý³Ýß³- éáõÏ, ÙÇÙá½³. ~ job ³ÝϳÛáõÝ ³ß˳ï³Ýù.
ݳϳÉÇ »ñ¨áõÛÃÁ: ~ device ×ß·ñÇï/¹Ûáõñ³½·³ÛáõÝ ·áñÍÇù/
sensational [sen΄sei∫nəl] a ½·³Û³óáõÝó, ë³ñù. ~ to light/criticism ½·³ÛáõÝ ÉáõÛëÇ/
sensitivity 732 sequential

ùÝݳ¹³ïáõÃÛ³Ý ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ. a ~ artist separate [΄seprət] a ³é³ÝÓÇÝ, ³Ýç³ï. Ù»-


Ýñμ³½·³ó ÝϳñÇã. a ~ spot ÷Ëμ. Ëáó»ÉÇ Ïáõë³ó³Í. keep these papers ~ ³é³ÝÓÇÝ
ÏáÕÙÁ: å³Ñ»É ³Ûë ÃÕûñÁ. ~ opinion ѳïáõÏ Ï³ñ-
sensitivity [‚sensə΄tivəti] n ½·³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ÍÇù. ~ account ³é³ÝÓÇÝ Ñ³ßÇí. a ~ peace
¹Ûáõñ³½·³óáõÃÛáõÝ. ½·³Û³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: treaty ˳ճÕáõÃÛ³Ý ³Ýç³ï (ë»å³ñ³ï)
sensory [΄sensəri] a ½·³Û³Ï³Ý, ½·³ó³Ï³Ý. å³Ûٳݳ·Çñ:
~ organs ½·³Û³Ï³Ý ûñ·³ÝÝ»ñ. ~ perception separate [΄sepəreit] v μ³Å³Ý(í)»É, ³Ý-
½·³Û³Ï³Ý ÁÝϳÉáõÙ: ç³ï(í)»É, ½³ï(í)»É. He tried to ~ the boys
sensual [΄sensjuəl] a ½·³Û³Ï³Ý, Ù³ñÙݳ- ܳ ÷áñÓ»ó μ³Å³Ý»É ïճݻñÇÝ. get ~d
ϳÝ: from the group ËÙμÇó ³Ýç³ïí»É. He has ~d
sensuality [‚sensju΄æləti] n ó³ÝϳëÇñáõ- from his wife ܳ Ñ»é³ó»É ¿ Çñ ÏÝáçÇó:
ÃÛáõÝ, í³í³ßáïáõÃÛáõÝ. ë»é³Ï³Ý, ó³Ýϳ- separation [‚sepə΄rei∫n] n μ³Å³ÝáõÙ,
ë»ñ: ³Ýç³ïáõÙ. Çñ³í. ³å³Ñ³ñ½³Ý, ï³ñ³Ý-
sensuous [΄sensjuəs] a ½·³Û³Ï³Ý, ½·³ó³- ç³ï μݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ of property ·áõÛùÇ
Ï³Ý (ÁÝϳÉáõÙ). ·»Õ³ëÇñ³Ï³Ý, ¿ëûïÇ- μ³Å³ÝáõÙ. ~ allowance ÏÝáçÁ ïñíáÕ ¹ñ³-
ϳϳÝ, ѳ׻ÉÇ: Ù³Ï³Ý Ýå³ëï, ³åñáõëï³í׳ñ:
sentence [΄sentəns] n ù»ñ. ݳ˳¹³ëáõ- separatist [΄seprətist] n ùÕù. ³Ýç³ïíáÕ³-
ÃÛáõÝ. ÑÙÏñ·. Íñ³·ñÇ ûå»ñ³ïáñ. com- ϳÝ, ë»å³ñ³ïÇëï:
plex/compound ~ μ³ñ¹ ëïáñ³¹³ë³Ï³Ý/ sepsis [sepsis] n μÅßÏ. Ý»ËáõÙ, ÷ïáõÙ. í³-
ѳٳ¹³ë³Ï³Ý ݳ˳¹³ëáõÃÛáõÝ. Çñ³í. ñ³ÏáõÙ, ³ñÛ³Ý í³ñ³ÏáõÙ:
¹³ï³í×Çé, å³ïÇÅ, å³ïųã³÷. nominal September [sep΄tembə] n, a ë»åï»Ùμ»ñ,
~ å³ÛÙ³Ý³Ï³Ý ¹³ï³í×Çé. death ~ ٳѳ- ë»åï»Ùμ»ñÛ³Ý:
å³ïÇÅ. suspended ~ ϳï³ñáõÙÁ Ñ»ï³- septennial [sep΄teniəl] a Ûáà ï³ñÇÝ ÙÇ
Ó·í³Í ¹³ï³í×Çé. pass/announce/carry out a ³Ý·³Ù/Ù»Ï Ï³ï³ñíáÕ£
~ ¹³ï³í×Çé ϳ۳óÝ»É/ѳÛï³ñ³ñ»É/Ç septic [΄septik] a μÅßÏ. ݻ˳ÛÇÝ, ë»åïÇÏ.
ϳï³ñ ³Í»É. life ~ óÙ³Ñ ³½³ï³½ñÏáõÙ/ í³ñ³Ïí³Í. a ~ wound í³ñ³Ïí³Í í»ñù. a
μ³Ýï³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ. serve a ~ å³ïÇÅÁ Ïñ»É: ~ tank ³Õμ³Ñáñ:
sentence [΄sentəns] v ¹³ï³í×Çé ϳ۳óÝ»É, sepulchral [si΄pΛlkrəl] a ·»ñ»½Ù³Ý³ÛÇÝ,
¹³ï³å³ñï»É. ~ to death/life imprisonment ßÇñÇÙÇ. ~ voice Ùé³ÛÉ/³Ý¹ñßÇñÇÙÛ³Ý/·»-
Ù³Ñí³Ý/óÙ³Ñ μ³Ýï³ñÏáõÃÛ³Ý ¹³ï³- ñ»½Ù³Ý³ÛÇÝ Ó³ÛÝ:
å³ñï»É: sepulchre [΄seplkə] n ¹³Ùμ³ñ³Ý, ·»ñ»½-
sententious [sen΄ten∫əs] a Ëñ³ï³Ï³Ý, Ù³Ý, ßÇñÇÙ. the Holy S ~ ²ëïÍá ·»ñ»½-
μ³ñáÛ³Ëáë³Ï³Ý: Ù³Ý/¹³Ùμ³ñ³Ý:
sentient [΄sen∫nt] a ½·³ÛáõݳÏ, ¹Ûáõñ³- sepulture [΄seplt∫ə] n óÕáõÙ:
½·³ó: sequel [si΄kwə:l] n ß³ñáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ³ñ¹-
sentiment [΄sentimənt] n ½·³óÙáõÝù, ½·³- ÛáõÝù, ѻ勉Ýù. the ~ ³ÛÝáõÑ»ï¨, Ñ»ïá:
óáõÙ. the ~ of pity ËÕ׳ѳñáõÃÛ³Ý ½·³ó- sequence [΄si:kwəns] n Ñ»ñóϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ,
ÙáõÝù. These are my ~s ê³ Ç٠ϳñÍÇùÝ ¿: ѳçáñ¹³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. (ÏÇÝá)¹ñí³·, ¿åÇ-
sentimental [‚senti΄mentl] a ½·³ÛáõÝ, ¹Ûáõ- ½á¹. the ~ of events Çñ³¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ
ñ³½·³Û³Ï³Ý. ë»ÝïÇÙ»Ýï³É: ÁÝóóùÁ. in ~ Çñ³ñ Ñ»ï¨Çó. in logical ~
sentimentality [‚sentimen΄tæləti] n ¹Ûáõñ³- ïñ³Ù³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý ѳçáñ¹³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ. ~
½·³ÛáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ë»ÝïÇÙ»Ýï³ÉáõÃÛáõÝ: of tenses ù»ñ. ųٳݳÏÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝ»-
sentry [΄sentri] n ųٳå³Ñ, å³Ñ³Ï. be on óáõÙ. ~ error ÑÙÏñ·. Ñ»ñóϳÝáõÃÛ³Ý
~ duty å³Ñ³Ï/ųٳå³Ñ ÉÇÝ»É. ~ box ų- ˳ËïáõÙ:
Ù³å³ÑÇ ËóÇÏ/ ïݳÏ. carry off a ~ ³½³ï»É sequent [΄si:kwənt] a ѻﳷ³, ѳçáñ¹.
ųٳå³ÑÇÝ. releive ~ ųٳå³ÑÇÝ/å³- ѻ勉Ýù ѳݹÇë³óáÕ:
ѳÏÇÝ ÷áË»É: sequential [si΄kwen∫l] a ѳçáñ¹³Ï³Ý, Ñ»-
separable [΄sepərəbl] a ³Ýç³ï»ÉÇ, ½³- 勉Ýù ѳݹÇë³óáÕ. ~ file ÑÙÏñ·. ѳçáñ-
ï»ÉÇ, μ³Å³Ý»ÉÇ: ¹³Ï³Ý ý³ÛÉ:
sequester 733 service

sequester [si΄kwestə] v Çñ³í. μéݳ·ñ³í»É: áÉáñ³åïáõÛï, áÉáñ-ÙáÉáñ. a ~ road áÉáñ³-


sequoia [si΄kwɔiə] n μëμ. ÷ß³ï»ñ¨ ͳé: åïáõÛï ׳ݳå³ñÑ:
sere [siə] a ãáñ, óé³Ù³Í: serried [΄serid] a ËÇï, ëïí³ñ, ÑáÍ:
serenade [‚serə΄neid] n ó³Û·»ñ·, ó³Û·³- serry [΄seri] v ËéÝí»É, ³ÙμáËí»É. Ïáõï³Ï-
Ýí³·, ë»ñ»Ý³¹: í»É:
serene [sə΄ri:n] a ˳ճÕ, ³Ý¹áññ. Ñëï³Ï, serum [΄siərəm] n ßÇ×áõÏ:
çÇÝç, å³ñ½. All ~ ²Ù»Ý ÇÝã ϳñ·ÇÝ ¿: servant [΄sə:vnt] n ͳé³, ëå³ë³íáñ(áõÑÇ).
serenity [sə΄renəti] n ˳ճÕáõÃÛáõÝ, engage/hire a ~ Í³é³ í³ñÓ»É. dismiss a ~ ͳ-
³Ý¹áññáõÃÛáõÝ. å³ÛͳéáõÃÛáõÝ: é³ÛÇÝ ³½³ï»É/³ñӳϻÉ. keep ~s ͳé³
serf [sə:f] n ×áñï, ëïñáõÏ: å³Ñ»É. household ~ ï³Ý ͳé³. your humble
serfdom [΄sə:fdəm] n ×áñï³ïÇñáõÃÛáõÝ, ~ Ó»ñ ËáݳñÑ Í³é³. (ͳé³ÛáÕ, å³ßïáÝ-
×áñïáõÃÛáõÝ: Û³) a public/civil ~ å»ï³Ï³Ý ͳé³ÛáÕ:
serge [sə:dз] n ë³ñÅ (·áñÍí³Íù): serve [sə:v] v ͳé³Û»É, ³ß˳ï»É, ëå³ë³ñ-
sergeant [΄sa:dзənt] n ë»ñųÝï. ~ major Ï»É. ~ as ͳé³Û»É/³ß˳ï»É áñå»ë. ~ in the
³í³· ë»ñųÝï: army μ³Ý³Ïáõ٠ͳé³Û»É. (å»ïù ·³É, åÇ-
serial [΄siəriəl]1. n ß³ñáõݳÏíáÕ Ññ³ï³ñ³- ï³ÝÇ ÉÇÝ»É) It will ~ ¸³ ³ÛÝ ¿, ÇÝã ³ÝÑñ³-
ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ Ù³ëÇó μ³Õϳó³Í í»å. Å»ßï ¿. It ~s him right Üñ³Ý ï»ÕÝ ¿. (å³-
ÏÇÝáë»ñÇ³É 2. a Ñ»ñóϳÝ, ѳçáñ¹³Ï³Ý. ïÇÅÁ) Ïñ»É ~ one’s sentence/time å³ïÅÇ
ÃáÕ³ñÏáõÙÝ»ñáí. ³é³ÝÓÇÝ. a ~ story/film ųÙÏ»ïÝ ³í³ñï»É. (ëå³ë³ñÏ»É, Ù³ïáõ-
ë»ñÇ³Ï³Ý å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ/ýÇÉÙ. ë»ñdzÉ. ó»É) The bus ~s at night ²íïáμáõëÁ ëå³ë³ñ-
ÑÙÏñ·. ~ adder ѳçáñ¹³Ï³Ý/Ñ»ñÃ³Ï³Ý ÏáõÙ ¿ ·Çß»ñÁ. ~ dinner/coffee ׳ß/ëáõñ×
·áõÙ³ñÇã. ~ by bit/bite/character Áëï μÇû- Ù³ïáõó»É. Are you being ~d ? Ò»½ ëå³ë³ñ-
ñÇ/ϳñ·»ñÇ/μ³ÛûñÇ/ëÇÙíáÉÝ»ñÇ. ~ by Ïá±õÙ »Ý. Shall I ~ the soup? ²ñ·³Ý³ÏÝ
number ϳñ·³ÛÇÝ/ë»ñÇ³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ. ~ ³ñ¹»Ý μ»ñ»±Ù. ~ notice ͳÝáõó³·Çñ ѳÝÓ-
transfer ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ Ñ³çáñ¹³Ï³Ý ÷á- Ý»É. ͳé³Û»É (áñå»ë) ~ as a seat áñå»ë
˳ÝóáõÙ: ³Ãáé ͳé³Û»É. If my memory ~s me ºÃ»
series [΄siəri:z] n ß³ñù, ѳçáñ¹³Ï³Ñáõ- ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝë ÇÝÓ ãÇ ¹³í³×³ÝáõÙ. ~ a
ÃÛáõÝ. ë»ñdz. infinite ~ Ù³Ã. ³Ýí»ñç ß³ñù. writ/summons Çñ³í. ¹³ï³ñ³ÝÇ Í³Ýáõó³-
in ~ ¿É. ѳçáñ¹³μ³ñ Ùdzóí³Í. a ~ of years ·Çñ áõÕ³ñÏ»É. ~ as an evidence áñå»ë ѳÝ-
ÙÇ ß³ñù ï³ñÇÝ»ñ. a new ~ of stamps/lectures ó³óáõÛó ͳé³Û»É. ~ one’s sentence å³ïÇÅÁ
ݳٳϳÝÇßÝ»ñÇ Ýáñ ß³ñù/ë»ñdz. ¹³ë³- Ïñ»É. ~ up a supper ÁÝÃñÇù å³ïñ³ëï»É:
ËáëáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ýáñ óÇÏÉ. a whole ~ of thefts server [΄sə:və] n Ñ³Ù³Ï ëå³ë³ñÏáÕ Ñ³Ý-
·áÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÙÇ ³ÙμáÕç ß³ñù: ·áõÛó/ë³ñù³íáñáõÙ. ëå³ë³ñÏáõÙ. process
serious [΄siəriəs] a Éáõñç, ͳÝñ³ÏßÇé. ~ ·áñÍÁÝóóÁ ëå³ë³ñÏáÕ:
íï³Ý·³íáñ, ͳÝñ. ~ misconduct Éáõñç service [΄sə:vis] n ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ. »Ï»Õ. å³-
½³Ýó³Ýù. ~ illness/wound ͳÝñ/íï³Ý·³- ï³ñ³·. (ûÝÇë) ·Ý¹³ÏÇ Ù³ïáõóáõÙ.
íáñ ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝ / í»ñù. Let’s be ~ ºÏ»ù civil/diplomatic ~ å»ï³Ï³Ý/ù³Õ³ù³-
Éáõñç Ëáë»Ýù. You can’t be ~ ? Èá±õñç »ë óÇ³Ï³Ý Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ. ¹Çí³Ý³·Çï³Ï³Ý
³ëáõÙ£ ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ. military ~ ½ÇÝíáñ³Ï³Ý ͳ-
seriously [΄siəriəsli] adv Éñçáñ»Ý, Éáõñç: é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ. alternative to military ~ ³ÛÉÁÝï-
seriousness [΄siəriəsnəs] n ÉñçáõÃÛáõÝ: ñ³Ýù³ÛÇÝ ½ÇÝͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ. the Health S ~
serjeant [΄sa:dзənt] n ¹³ï³Ï³Ý μ³ñÓñ³ë- μÅßÏ³Ï³Ý Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ. the (armed) ~s
ïÇ×³Ý å³ßïáÝÛ³. ~ of /at arms ѳë³ñ³- ½ÇÝí³Í áõÅ»ñ. duration/length of ~ ͳ-
Ï³Ï³Ý Ï³ñ·Ç å³Ñå³ÝÙ³Ý å³ßïáÝÛ³ é³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý Å³ÙÏ»ï, ³ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ
(å³éɳٻÝïáõÙ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ): ëï³Å. go into ~ ³ß˳ï»É áñå»ë ³å³ë³-
sermon [΄sə:mən] n ù³ñá½: íáñ/ͳé³. ëå³ë³ñÏÙ³Ý áÉáñïáõÙ ³ß˳-
serpent [΄sə:pənt] n ûÓ. ÷Ëμ. ݻݷ/ÃáõÝáï ï»É. Intelligence S ~ Ñ»ï³Ëáõ½áõÃÛáõÝ.
Ù³ñ¹: prompt ~ ³ñ³· ëå³ë³ñÏáõÙ. ~ per-
serpentine [΄sə:pəntain] a ûÓ³ÛÇÝ, ûÓ³Ó¨. sonnel/staff ëå³ë³ñÏáÕ ³ÝÓݳϳ½Ù. poor
serviceable 734 set

~ í³ï ëå³ë³ñÏáõÙ. security ~ ³Ýíï³Ý- μáÕçáõÃÛáõÝ. a complete ~ of Dickens ¸Ç-


·áõÃÛ³Ý Í³é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ. postal ~ ÷áëï³ÛÇÝ ù»ÝëÇ ëï»Õͳ·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÅáÕáí³-
ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ. long ~ award å³ñ·¨³ïñáõÙ Íáõ. (ËáõÙμ, Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó ßñç³Ý). the smart/lit-
»ñϳñ³ÙÛ³ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. at your ~ erary ~ å»ñ׳ßáõù, Ùṳ۳ϳÝ/ ·ñ³Ï³Ý
Ó»ñ ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï. need the ~s of a ßñç³ÝÝ»ñ. He doesn’t belong to their ~ ܳ
lawyer ÷³ëï³μ³ÝÇ/ͳé³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý/ ϳñÇù Ýñ³Ýó ßñç³ÝÇÝ ãÇ å³ïϳÝáõÙ. (Ï»ó-
½·³É. He did us a great ~ ܳ Ù»½ Ù»Í Í³é³- í³Íù, áõÕÕí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ) the ~ of the head
ÛáõÃÛáõÝ Ù³ïáõó»ó. The car needs a ~ ï»Ë. ·ÉáõËÁ å³Ñ»Éáõ Ó¨Á. make a dead ~ ËÇëï
Ø»ù»Ý³Ý ï»Ëëå³ë³ñÏÙ³Ý Ï³ñÇù áõÝÇ. Ñ»ï³åݹ»É Ù»ÏÇÝ. (ß³ñù) a ~ of lectures
~ flat ÑÛáõñ³Ýáó³ÛÇÝ ëå³ë³ñÏáõÙ ³å³- ¹³ë³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÙÇ ³ÙμáÕç ß³ñù.
ÑáíáÕ μݳϳñ³Ý. ~ lift μ»éݳï³ñ í»ñ»- (ë³ñù, ³å³ñ³ï) receiving ~ é³¹ÇáÁÝ-
ɳÏ. ~ station ï»Ë. ëå³ë³ñÏÙ³Ý Ï³Û³Ý. ~ ¹áõÝÇã. TV ~ Ñ»éáõëï³óáõÛó:
charge ëå³ë³ñÏÙ³Ý í³ñÓ. ~ record ͳé³- set [set] a ë³é³Í, ù³ñ³ó³Í. a ~ smile ë³-
ÛáõÃÛ³Ý óáõó³Ï. public ~ ÏáÙáõÝ³É ëå³- é³Í ÅåÇï. his face ~ ù³ñ³ó³Í ¹»Ùùáí.
ë³ñÏáõÙ. secret ~ ѳϳѻï³Ëáõ½áõÃÛáõÝ. (å³ïñ³ëï) ~ to begin å³ïñ³ëï ëÏë»Éáõ.
railway ~ »ñϳÃáõÕ³ÛÇÝ »ñè»ÏáõÃÛ³Ý Í³- All ~? ´áÉáñÁ å³ïñ³±ëï »Ý. (ϳÛáõÝ, ϳ-
é³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ. be of ~ û·ï³Ï³ñ ÉÇÝ»É. Ûáõݳó³Í) a ~ time/task áñáß³ÏÇ Å³Ù³-
(ëå³ëù) dinner/tea ~ ׳ßÇ/ûÛÇ ëå³ëù. ݳÏ/ѳÝÓݳñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ rules/limits ë³Ñ-
ÑÙÏñ·. ~ bit ͳé³ÛáÕ³Ï³Ý Ï³ñ·. ~ routine Ù³Ýí³Í ϳÝáÝÝ»ñ/ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñ. a ~ lunch
ͳé³ÛáÕ³Ï³Ý Íñ³·Çñ: ÏáÙåÉ»ùë³ÛÇÝ ×³ß. ~ in one’s ways ϳÛáõ-
serviceable [΄sə:visəbl] a åÇï³ÝÇ, û·ï³- ݳó³Í ëáíáñáõÛÃÝ»ñ. The weather is ~
ϳñ, åñ³ÏïÇÏ. ³Ùáõñ, ¹ÇÙ³óÏáõÝ: ºÕ³Ý³ÏÁ ϳÛáõݳó»É ¿. ~ books (áõëÙ.)
serviceman [΄sə:vismən] n ½ÇÝͳé³ÛáÕ: å³ñï³¹Çñ ·ñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. (í×é³Ï³Ý)
service-pipe [΄sə:vispaip] n çñ³ï³ñ/·³- dead ~ against í×é³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý ¹»Ù ÉÇÝ»É. ~ in
½³ï³ñ ËáÕáí³Ï: one’s purpose í×é³Ï³Ý ÉÇÝ»É Çñ Ùï³¹ñáõ-
serviette [‚sə:vi΄et] n ³ÝÓ»éáóÇÏ: ÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç:
servile [΄sə:vail] a ëïñϳμ³ñá. ßáÕáùáñÃ: set [set] v ¹Ý»É, ï»Õ³íáñ»É. ~ the plates/food
servitude [΄sə:vitju:d] n ëïñÏáõÃÛ³Ý å³- on the table ³÷ë»Ý»ñÁ/áõï»ÉÇùÁ ¹Ý»É
ïÇÅ Ïñ»ÉÁ. penal ~ ï³Å³Ý³ÏÇñ ³ß˳- ë»Õ³ÝÇÝ. ~ in order ϳñ·Ç μ»ñ»É. ~ in mo-
ï³Ýù: tion ß³ñÅÙ³Ý Ù»ç ¹Ý»É. ~ on foot ëÏë»É,
sesame [΄sesəmi] n μëμ. ùÝçáõÃ: Ó»éݳñÏ»É. ~ at liberty/free ³½³ï»É. The
session [΄se∫n] n ÝÇëï, ËáñÑñ¹³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ. story is ~ ¶áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ ï»ÕÇ ¿ áõÝ»ÝáõÙ.
be in ~ ÝÇëï ³Ý»É, ÝÇëïÇ ÉÇÝ»É. full ~ (ݳ¨ ~ the watch by radio ųٳóáõÛóÁ é³¹ÇáÛáí
plenary ~) Édz·áõÙ³ñ ÝÇëï. go into secret ~ áõÕÕ»É. ~ one’s hair Ù³½»ñÁ ϳñ·Ç μ»ñ»É/
·Ý³É ÷³Ï ÝÇëïÇ. (Ýëï³ßñç³Ý, ë»ëdz) ѳñ¹³ñ»É. ~ a bone μÅßÏ. áëÏáñÁ ï»ÕÁ
summer ~ ³Ù³é³ÛÇÝ Ýëï³ßñç³Ý/ë»ëdz. ·ó»É. (ë³ÑٳݻÉ, Ý߳ݳϻÉ) ~ limits ë³Ñ-
(ѳݹÇåáõÙ) a ~ with the dentist ѳݹÇåáõÙ Ù³ÝÝ»ñ ¹Ý»É/Ý߳ݳϻÉ. ~ a task ³é³ç³¹-
³ï³ÙݳμáõÛÅÇ Ñ»ï. a recording ~ »ñÅß. ñ³Ýù ¹Ý»É. ~ a precedent ݳ˳¹»å ëï»Õ-
Ó³Ûݳ·ñáõÙ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ layer 뻳ÝëÇ Ù³- Í»É. ~ an example ûñÇÝ³Ï Í³é³Û»É. ~ an
ϳñ¹³Ï. ~ layer protocol 뻳ÝëÇ Ù³Ï³ñ- exam paper ùÝݳïáÙë»ñ ϳ½Ù»É. ~ a record
¹³ÏÇ ³ñӳݳ·ñáõÃÛáõÝ: é»Ïáñ¹ ë³ÑٳݻÉ. ~ time/date ųٳݳÏ/ûñ
sessional [΄se∫nəl] a Ýëï³ßñç³ÝÇ, ë»ëÇáÝ: ë³ÑٳݻÉ. ~ to work ³ß˳ï³Ýù ëÏë»É/³ß-
set [set] n Éñ³Ï³½Ù, ѳí³ù³Ï³½Ù. ѳí³- ˳ï³ÝùÇ ³ÝóÝ»É. ~ the pace ï»Ùå ï³É.
ù³Íáõ. (ÏÇÝá) Ýϳñ³Ñ³ÝÙ³Ý Ññ³å³ñ³Ï. ~ once teeth ³ï³ÙÝ»ñÁ ë»ÕÙ»É. ~ eggs Óí»-
óïñ. μ»Ù³Ýϳñ, ¹»Ïáñ³ódz. ~ of stamps ñÁ ÃáõËë ¹Ý»É ~ to music »ñÅßïáõÃÛ³Ý í»-
ݳٳϳÝÇßÝ»ñÇ Ñ³í³ù³Íáõ. a tea/dinner ñ³Í»É. (å³ï׳é»É, ëïÇå»É) ~ to work
~ ׳ßÇ/ûÛÇ Éñ³Ï³½Ù/ëå³ëù. a ~ of teeth ·áñÍÇ ¹Ý»É. ~ smn thinking ëïÇå»É Ùï³Í»É,
³ï³ÙÝ»ñÇ åñáû½. ~ of principles/proce- Ùï³Í»É ï³É. ~ laughing ÍÇͳջóÝ»É.
dures ëϽμáõÝùÝ»ñÇ/ÁÝóó³Ï³ñ·»ñÇ ³Ù- (Ýëï»É) The sun/The moon ~ ²ñ¨Á/ÈáõëÇÝÁ
set-back 735 seventy

Ù³Ûñ Ùï³í. (ϳñÍñ³Ý³É, åݹ³Ý³É) The ÝÛ³ñ¹»ñÁ. ~ smb’s fears/doubts óñ»É/ ÷³ñ³-
jelly/The cement has ~ ¸áݹáÕ³ÏÁ/ò»Ù»ÝïÁ ï»É í³ËÁ/ϳëϳÍÝ»ñÁ. ~ the bill/the debts
ë³é»É/ ϳñÍñ³ó»É ¿. ~ against ·ñ·é»É, ¹»Ù ѳßÇíÁ ÷³Ï»É. å³ñïù»ñÁ Ù³ñ»É. (ϳñ-
ïñ³Ù³¹ñ»É. ~ fire to, ~ on fire ÑñÏǽ»É. ~ ·³íáñ»É, ѳٳӳÛÝí»É) ~ the dispute í»×Á
the table ë»Õ³ÝÁ ·ó»É. ~ in order ϳñ·Ç μ»- ϳñ·³íáñ»É/ÉáõÍ»É. ~ a claim å³Ñ³ÝçÁ
ñ»É. ~ eyes (on) ï»ëÝ»É. ~ foot áïù ¹Ý»É. ~ ϳñ·³íáñ»É/ÉáõÍ»É. The terms are ~d ä³Û-
aside ÙÇ ÏáÕÙ ¹Ý»É. ³é³ÝÓݳóÝ»É. ~ aside a Ù³ÝÝ»ñÁ áñáßí³Í »Ý. ~ the date ûñÁ áñá-
verdict Çñ³í. ¹³ï³í×ÇéÁ ã»ÕÛ³É Ñ³Ù³ñ»É. ß»É/Ý߳ݳϻÉ. That’ll ~ her all right ÷Ëμ.,
~ back Ñ»ï ·ó»É, ß³ñÅáõÙÁ ϳë»óÝ»É. ~ ËëÏó. ¸³ Ýñ³ ѳٳñ É³í ¹³ë ÏÉÇÝÇ. The
back the programme Íñ³·ÇñÁ ϳë»óÝ»É/Ñ»ï weather has ~d ºÕ³Ý³ÏÁ ϳñ·³íáñí»É ¿.
·ó»É. ~ down ó³Í ¹Ý»É/Çç»óÝ»É. í³Ûñ μ»ñ»É. (ѳٳӳÛÝí»É) ~ for a compromise ½ÇçÙ³Ý/
~ in ëÏëí»É, ·³É, íñ³ ѳëÝ»É. Winter has ~ ÏáÙåñáÙÇëÇ ·Ý³É. ~ on a plan of action
in ÒÙ»éÁ »Ï»É ¿. Reaction ~ in ÷Ëμ. êÏëí»ó ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Íñ³·Çñ Ù߳ϻÉ.
黳ÏódzÝ. ~ forward ³é³ç ù³ß»É, ³é³- (Ýëï»É, Ççí³Íù ï³É) The building has ~ed
ç³ñÏ»É. ~ on Ññ³Ññ»É, ѳñÓ³Ïí»É. ~ out Þ»ÝùÁ Ýëï»É ¿/Ççí³Íù ¿ ïí»É:
óáõó³¹ñ»É, Ç óáõÛó ¹Ý»É. ß³ñ³¹ñ»É. She ~ settle down [΄setldaun] v ѳݹ³ñïí»É.
out her best China ܳ óáõó³¹ñ»É ¿ñ Çñ ɳ- The excitement ~d down Ðáõ½ÙáõÝùÁ ѳÝ-
í³·áõÛÝ ëå³ëùÁ. ~ out rules/conditions ¹³ñïí»ó. (Ó»éݳñÏ»É, ëÏë»É) ~ down to
ϳÝáÝÝ»ñ/å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ ß³ñ³¹ñ»É. (׳ݳ- work ³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ ëÏë»É/Ó»éݳñÏ»É ~
å³ñÑ ÁÝÏÝ»É) ~ out in search of ·Ý³É down to married life ÁÝï³ÝÇù ϳ½Ù»É:
÷Ýïñ»É. ~ straight ϳñ·³íáñ»É. ~ things settlement [΄setlmənt] n μݳϻóáõÙ, ·³-
straight ·áñÍ»ñÁ ϳñ·³íáñ»É. ~ up ϳݷ- ÕáõóμݳϻóáõÙ. Ýëïí³Íù. human ~
Ý»óÝ»É. ~ up a new government Ýáñ ϳé³- Ù³ñ¹Ï³ÛÇÝ μݳϳí³Ûñ. the ~ of a quarrel
í³ñáõÃÛáõÝ Ó¨³íáñ»É/ϳ½Ù»É. ~ up in busi- í»×Ç Ï³ñ·³íáñáõÙ/ÉáõÍáõÙ. (ѳٳӳÛÝáõ-
ness Çñ ·áñÍÁ μ³ó»É. ~ upon ѳñÓ³Ïí»É, ÃÛáõÝ) reach a ~ on ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý ·³É...
Ý»ïí»É. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ up disk μ»éÝÙ³Ý ëϳ- ѳñóáõÙ. terms of ~ ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý/
í³é³Ï: ѳñóÇ ÉáõÍÙ³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ. draw up a
set-back [΄setbæk] n ³ÝѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ϳ- marriage ~ ³ÙáõëÝ³Ï³Ý å³Ûٳݳ·Çñ/ ѳ-
ë»óáõÙ. some ~s ÙÇ ß³ñù ³ÝѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ- Ù³Ó³Ûݳ·Çñ ϳ½Ù»É:
Ý»ñ. suffer ~ ³ÝÏáõÙ ³åñ»É/ï»ÕÇ áõݻݳɣ settler [΄setlə] n Ýáñ³μݳÏ, Ýáñ³μݳÏÇã.
set-down [΄setdaun] n ѳϳѳñí³Í, Áݹ- Ùßï³μݳÏ:
¹ÇÙ³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ: settle up [΄setlΛp] v ¹ñ³Ù³Ï³Ý ѳßÇíÝ»ñÁ
set-out [΄setaut] n ëÏǽμ. óáõó³¹ñáõÙ, óáõ- ϳñ·³íáñ»É/í»ñç³óÝ»É:
ó³÷»ÕÏ: settling [΄setliŋ] n ÝëïáõÙ, Ýëï»ÉÁ. Çç»óáõÙ,
settee [se΄ti:] n μ³½Ùáó, ¹Çí³Ý: Çç»óÝ»ÉÁ:
setter [΄setə] n ë»ïï»ñ (áñëáñ¹/³Ï³Ý ßáõÝ): set-to [΄settu:] n ËëÏó. í»×. ÏéÇí, ïáõ-
setting [΄setiŋ] n Ó¨³íáñáõÙ, ë³ÑÙ³ÝáõÙ. ñáõ¹Ù÷áó:
ѳí³ù³Íáõ, ËáõÙμ. (³ÏݻջÝ) ßñç³Ý³Ï, set-up [΄setΛp] n ϳéáõóí³Íù, Ï»ñïí³Íù.
³·áõó³ñ³Ý. óï. ¹»Ïáñ³ódz, Ó¨³íá- Ï»óí³Íù:
ñáõÙ. μÅßÏ. (¹áõñë ÁÝϳÍÁ) ï»ÕÁ ·ó»ÉÁ. seven [΄sevn] num ÛáÃ. n a ”7” ÛáóÝáó:
»ñÅß. ï»ùëïÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ·ñí³Í »ñ³Åßïáõ- sevenfold [΄sevnfəuld] a ÛáÃݳå³ïÇÏ, ÛáÃ
ÃÛáõÝ. Bethoven’s ~ of the verse ïíÛ³É μ³Ý³- ³Ý·³Ù:
ëï»ÕÍáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ·ñí³Í ´»ÃÑáí»ÝÇ seventeen [‚sevn΄ti:n] num ï³ëÝÛáÃ:
»ñ³ÅßïáõÃÛáõÝÁ. cast into a contemporary ~ seventeenth [‚sevn΄ti:nθ] num ï³ëÝÛáû-
ųٳݳϳÏÇó Ó¨³íáñáõÙ ï³É: ñáñ¹:
settle [΄setl] v μݳϻóÝ»É, ·³ÕáõóóÝ»É. seventh [΄sevnθ] num Ûáûñáñ¹:
μݳϻóí»É. Austraila was ~d by... ²íëïñ³- seventieth [΄sevntiəθ] num ÛáóݳëáõÝ»-
ÉÇ³Ý μݳϻóí»ó... The pills will ~ your ñáñ¹:
nerves ²Ûë ѳμ»ñÁ Ïѳݷëï³óÝ»Ý Ó»ñ seventy [΄sevnti] num ÛáóݳëáõÝ:
sever 736 shadow

sever [΄sevə] v μ³Å³Ý(í)»É, ³Ýç³ï(í)»É. ~ Ï³Ý ¹³ëïdzñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ offence ë»é³-


oneself ϳå»ñÁ ˽»É, Ñ»é³Ý³É. (Ïïñ»É) Ï³Ý Ñ³Ýó³·áñÍáõÃÛáõÝ:
The rope ~ed ä³ñ³ÝÁ Ïïñí»ó: sextant [΄sekstənt] n ³ëïÕμ. ³ÝÏÛáõݳã³÷
severable [΄sevərəbl] a μ³Å³Ý»ÉÇ, ³Ýç³- ·áñÍÇù, ë»ùëï³Ýï:
ï»ÉÇ: sextet [seks΄tet] n »ñÅß. ë»ùëï»ï:
several [΄sevrəl]1. pron ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ. ~ more peo- sexton [΄sekstən] n »Ï»Õ»óáõ å³Ñ³Ï. ųÙ-
ple ¨ë ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ Ù³ñ¹. 2. a ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ, áñáß. ~ Ïáã:
times ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ ³Ý·³Ù. ~ mistakes ÙÇ sexual [΄sek∫uəl] a ë»é³Ï³Ý, ë»é³ÛÇÝ, ë»éÇ.
ù³ÝÇ/áñáß ë˳ÉÝ»ñ. (ï³ñμ»ñ, ³é³ÝÓÇÝ) ~ crime/offence Çñ³í. ë»é³Ï³Ý ѳÝó³·áñ-
We went our ~ ways Ø»Ýù ·Ý³óÇÝù ï³ñμ»ñ/ ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ discrimination ë»é³ÛÇÝ Ëïñ³-
³é³ÝÓÇÝ ×³Ý³å³ñÑÝ»ñáí. joint and ~ lia- ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ harassing ë»é³Ï³Ý Ñ»ï³-
bility ÁݹѳÝáõñ ¨ ³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý å³ï³ë˳- åݹáõÙ:
ݳïíáõÃÛáõÝ: sexy [΄seksi] a ë»ùëáõ³É:
severally [΄sevrəli] adv ³é³ÝÓÇÝ í»ñóñ³Í, shabbiness [΄∫æbinəs] n ËÕ×áõÏáõÃÛáõÝ,
³é³ÝÓݳμ³ñ: áÕáñÙ»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ:
severance [΄sevrəns] n μ³Å³ÝáõÙ, ½³ïáõÙ. shabby [΄∫æbi] a ËÕ×áõÏ, áÕáñÙ»ÉÇ. ~ tricks
˽áõÙ. ~ pay/payment (³ß˳ï³ÝùÇó) ëïáñ/³Ý³½ÝÇí í³ñÙáõÝù. ~ behaviour
¹áõñë ·³Éáõ í»ñçݳѳßÇí ·áõÙ³ñ. ³ñ- ³Ý³ñ· í³ñù³·ÇÍ. a ~ excuse ËÕ×áõÏ
Ó³ÏÙ³Ý Ýå³ëï: å³ï׳é³μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
severe [si΄viə] a ËÇëï. ~ frost/climate/charac- shack [∫æk] n ÑÛáõÕ, ³Õù³ï Ëñ×ÇÃ:
ter áõÅ»Õ, ×é×é³Ý ë³éݳٳÝÇù. ËÇëï shackle [΄∫ækl] n »ñϳû ϳå³Ýù-
ÏÉÇÙ³. ¹³Å³Ý μݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ winter Ý»ñ/ßÕóݻñ. ÷Ëμ. ϳßϳݹáõÙÝ»ñ. the
Ëëï³ßáõÝã ÓÙ»é. ~ discipline/criticism ËÇëï ~s of convention å³ÛٳݳϳÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ,
ϳñ·³å³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ/ùÝݳ¹³ïáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñ:
blow ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ Ñ³ñí³Í. ~ fighting shade [∫eid] n ëïí»ñ, Ñáí. deep ~ óí/
ϳï³ÕÇ Ù³ñï. a ~ loss ͳÝñ Ïáñáõëï. ~ óÝÓñ ëïí»ñ. give ~ ëïí»ñ ï³É/·ó»É,
glance ËáÅáé ѳ۳óù. ~ illness Éáõñç/ͳÝñ ëïí»ñ»É. in the ~ ëïí»ñáõÙ. put in the ~
ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝ. ~ pain ëáõñ ó³í. ~ beauty ëïí»ñáõÙ ÃáÕÝ»É. light and ~ ³ñí. ÉáõÛë ¨
ϳÝáݳíáñ/¹³ë³Ï³Ý ·»Õ»óÏáõÃÛáõÝ: ëïí»ñ. ~s ³ñ¨Ç ³ÏÝáó. eye ~ ³ãùÇ Ñáí³ñ.
severely [si΄viəli] adv ËÇëï, Ëëïáñ»Ý, window ~ å³ïáõѳÝÇ í³ñ³·áõÛñ. (áõñí³-
¹³Å³Ýáñ»Ý: ϳÝ) the ~s of night ·Çß»ñ³ÛÇÝ á·ÇÝ»ñ/
severity [si΄verəti] n ËëïáõÃÛáõÝ, ¹³Å³Ýáõ- áõñí³Ï³ÝÝ»ñ. the ~s of death Ù»é³ÍÝ»ñÇ
ÃÛáõÝ, ³ÝáÕáùáõÃÛáõÝ. áõÅ·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ëñáõ- áõñí³Ï³ÝÝ»ñ. ~s Ýñμ»ñ³Ý·. ~s of blue/
ÃÛáõÝ: meaning ϳåáõÛïÇ/ÇÙ³ëïÇ Ýñμ»ñ³Ý·Ý»ñ.
sew [səu] v ϳñ»É. hand sewn Ó»éùáí ϳñ³Í. ~s of opinion ï³ñμ»ñ ϳñÍÇùÝ»ñ. feel a ~
~ in a zip ßÕóÛÇÏ Ï³ñ»É ~ up a wound í»ñùÁ better ÙÇ ÷áùñ ³í»ÉÇ É³í ½·³É:
ϳñ»É. ~ in a patch ϳñϳï³Ý ¹Ý»É: shade [∫eid] v ëïí»ñ Ó·»É. ÉáõÛëÇó å³ßï-
sewage [΄su:idз] n Ï»Õï³çñ»ñ: ~ farm/works å³Ý»É. ~ the eyes with hand ³ãûñÁ ÉáõÛëÇó
áéá·Ù³Ý ¹³ßï. ~ system ÏáÛáõÕÇ, ÏáÛáõÕáõ Ó»éùáí å³ßïå³Ý»É. The hat ~s from the sun
ѳٳϳñ·: ¶É˳ñÏÁ ³ñ¨Çó å³ßïå³ÝáõÙ ¿. ~ off
sewer [΄su:ə] n ÏáÛáõÕáõ ËáÕáí³Ï: colours ·áõÛÝÁ Ù»ÕÙ³óÝ»É. ëïí»ñ³Ý»ñÏ»É.
sewerage [΄su:əridз] n ÏáÛáõÕÇ£ ïáõß»É:
sewing [΄səuiŋ] n ϳñ, ϳñ ³Ý»ÉÁ. ~ ma- shading [΄∫eidiŋ] n ³ñí. Ýáõñμ »ñ³Ý·³-
chine/thread ϳñÇ Ù»ù»Ý³, Ïá×Ç Ã»É: íáñáõÙ, Ýñμ»ñ³Ý·. ëïí»ñ³Í³ÍÏ ³Ý»ÉÁ:
sex [seks] n Ï»Ýë. ë»é. the fair/gentle ~ ·»Õ»- shadow [΄∫ædəu] n ëïí»ñ (áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ,
óÇÏ ë»é, ϳݳÛù. the softer/weaker ~ ÃáõÛÉ ³é³ñϳÛÇ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ). cast/throw ~s ëïí»ñ
ë»é, ϳݳÛù. the stronger/sterner ~ áõÅ»Õ Ó·»É. ÷ã³óÝ»É. be afraid of one’s own ~
ë»é, ïÕ³Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ. ~ appeal ýǽÇÏ³Ï³Ý ë»÷³Ï³Ý ëïí»ñÇó í³Ë»Ý³É, í³ËÏáï
·ñ³íãáõÃÛáõÝ, Ññ³åáõÛñ. ~ education ë»é³- ÉÇÝ»É. follow like a ~ ëïí»ñÇ ÝÙ³Ý Ñ»ï¨»É.
shadow 737 sham

worn to a ~ ÙdzÛÝ ëïí»ñÁ ÙݳÉ. a ~ of doubt news ÝáñáõÃÛáõÝÇó óÝóí»É. ~ smb’s faith
ϳëϳÍÇ ÝßáõÛÉ. ~ boxing Ù³ñï ëïí»ñÇ Ñ³í³ïÁ ÃáõɳóÝ»É. (¹áÕ³É, »ñÅß. ¹³ÛɳÛ-
Ñ»ï. ~ cabinet/government ëïí»ñ³ÛÇÝ Ï³- É»É) ~ with cold/fear óñïÇó/í³ËÇó ¹áÕ³É. ~
é³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝ: all over ³ÙμáÕçáíÇÝ ¹áÕ³É. Her voice shook
shadow [΄∫ædəu] v ëïí»ñ Ó·»É, ëïí»ñ³- Üñ³ Ó³ÛÝÁ ¹áÕ³ó. ~ from the explosion
ͳÍÏ ³Ý»É. ÏñÝϳÏáË Ñ»ï¨»É. He was ~ed å³ÛÃÛáõÝÇó óÝóí»É. ~ down åïáõÕÁ ó÷
Üñ³Ý Ñ»ï¨áõÙ ¿ÇÝ. ~ forth ݳ˳·áõ߳ϻÉ, ï³É. ~ down apples ËÝÓáñ ó÷ ï³É. ~ off
·áõ߳ϻÉ: ³½³ïí»É, ·ÉáõËÝ ³½³ï»É. ~ the snow off
shadowland [΄∫ædəulənd] n ëïí»ñÝ»ñÇ ³ß- the coat ÓÛáõÝÁ í»ñ³ñÏáõÇ íñ³ÛÇó Ãáó-
˳ñÑ£ ÷»É. ~ off one’s depression ÷Ëμ. ¹»åñ»-
shadowy [΄∫ædəui] a Ùßáõß³å³ï, ³Õáï, ëdzÛÇó/ÁÝÏ×í³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÇó ¹áõñë ·³É ~ off
³Ýáñáß. ëïí»ñ³ß³ï, ëïí»ñ³ËÇï. óÝá- one’s pursuers ·ÉáõËÝ ³½³ï»É/³½³ïí»É
ñ³Ï³Ý, ³ÝÇñ³Ï³Ý. ~ outlines ³Õáï/³Ýá- Ñ»ï³åݹáÕÝ»ñÇó. ~ out ¹áõñë ó÷»É. ~
ñáß áõñí³·ÇÍ: smth out of one’s head ÷Ëμ. ·ÉËÇó ѳݻÉ,
shady [΄∫eidi] a ëïí»ñáï, ³ñ¨Çó å³ßï- Çñ»ÝÇó í³Ý»É. ~ up ó÷³Ñ³ñ»É, ˳éÝ»É.
å³Ýí³Í. ÷Ëμ. ÙáõÃ, ϳëϳͻÉÇ. keep ~ ~ up a pillow μ³ñÓÁ ÷áÙ÷áß³óÝ»É:
ëïí»ñáõÙ ÙݳÉ. a ~ affair/business ÙáõÃ/ shakeup [΄∫eikΛp] n ³ÝÓݳϳ½ÙÇ (ݳ¨
ϳëϳͻÉÇ/³ÝÙ³ùáõñ ·áñÍ/·áñͳñ³ñáõ- å»ï³å³ñ³ïÇ) ÉñÇí ÷á÷áËáõÙ:
ÃÛáõÝ: shakily [΄∫eikli] adv ¹áÕ¹áÕ³Éáí. »ñ»ñ³Éáí.
shaft [∫a:ft] n ÏáÃ, μéݳÏáÃ. ÏáÕ³÷³Ûï. He got ~ to his feet ܳ »ñ»ñ³Éáí áïùÇ
ï»Ë. ÉÇë»é, ëéݳÏ. »ñÏñμ. ѳÝù³ÑáñÇ Ï³Ý·Ý»ó£
μݳٳë. ÑÇÙݳÝóù. driving ~ (ß³ñų)ѳ- shaking [΄∫eikiŋ] n óÝóáõÙ, ó÷³Ñ³ñáõÙ.
Õáñ¹Ç㠷ɳÝ/ÉÇë»é. a ~ of light ÷Ëμ. ÉáõÛëÇ ×á×áõÙ. ٳɳñdzÛÇ Ýáå³, ¹áÕ¿ñáóù:
÷áõÝç/׳鳷³ÛÃ. ventilation ~ û¹³÷áË- shaky [΄∫eiki] a ˳Ëáõï, ³ÝϳÛáõÝ, »ñ»-
Ù³Ý Ñáñ/Ñáñ³Ý: ñáõÝ. ~ hands/voice ¹áÕ³óáÕ Ó»éù»ñ/Ó³ÛÝ.
shaggy [΄∫ægi] a μñ¹áï, ·½·½í³Í, ãë³Ýñ- be ~ on one’s legs áïù»ñÇ íñ³ ѳ½Çí ϳݷ-
í³Í. ˳íáï (·áñÍí³Íù). a ~ mane μñ¹áï Ý»É, »ñ»ñ³É. a ~ table/chair ˳Ëáõï ë»Õ³Ý/
μ³ß. ~ eyebrows óí³Ù³½ ÑáÝù»ñ: ³Ãáé. ~ health ÷Ëμ. ˳Ëáõï ³éáÕçáõ-
shagreen [∫ə΄gri:n] n ß³·ñ»Ý (³ÛÍÇ/áã˳ñÇ ÃÛáõÝ. feel ~ í³ï ½·³É. ~ memory ¹³í³×³-
ϳßÇ): ÝáÕ ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝ:
shake [∫eik] n ó÷³Ñ³ñáõÙ, óÝóáõÙ. give the shall [∫æl, ∫əl] v ³å³éÝÇ Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÇ ûųÝ-
carpet a ~ ϳñå»ï/·áñ· ó÷ ï³É/ó÷³- ¹³Ï μ³Û. I ~ go ºë ϷݳÙ. (å³ñï³íáñáõ-
ѳñ»É. a milk ~ ϳÃÇ ÏáÏï»ÛÉ. no ~s as a ÃÛáõÝ) You ~ pay for this ¸áõ ¹ñ³ ѳٳñ
singer áã áùÇ ãóÝó»É Çñ »ñ·áí. (¹áÕ¹áÕáõÙ) Ïí׳ñ»ë:
all of ~ ¹áÕ¹áÕ³Éáí. ~ (ݳ¨ hand shake) shallow [΄∫æləu] a ͳÝͳÕ, áã Ëáñ. ~ water/
Ó»éù ë»ÕÙ»ÉÁ. ËëÏó. in two ~s ³ÝÙÇç³å»ë, plate/ person/idea ͳÝÍ³Õ çáõñ, »ñ»ë ³÷ë»,
ÇëÏáõÛÝ, ÙÇ í³ÛñÏÛ³ÝáõÙ/³ÏÝóñÃáõÙ: áã ËáñÁ ÙÇïù. a ~ pond ͳÝͳÕ/áã Ëáñ
shake [∫eik] v ó÷ ï³É. ~ by the shoulders É׳Ï. ~ knowledge/breathing áã ËáñÁ ·Çï»-
(Ù»ÏÇ) áõë»ñÁ óÝó»É/ó÷³Ñ³ñ»É. . ~ hands ÉÇùÝ»ñ. ٳϻñ»ë³ÛÇÝ ßÝã³éáõÃÛáõÝ. ~s
μ³ñ¨»É (Ó»éùÁ ë»ÕÙ»Éáí). ~ one’s head ·Éáõ- ͳÝͳÕáõï:
ËÁ μ³ó³ë³μ³ñ ï³ñáõμ»ñ»É. ~ the bottle sham [∫æm] n ßÇÝÍáõ μ³Ý, Ï»ÕÍÇù, ˳-
before using ßÇßÁ ó÷³Ñ³ñ»É ûï³·áñÍ»- μ»áõÃÛáõÝ. This is a ~ ê³ Ï»ÕÍÇù ¿:
Éáõó ³é³ç. ~ one’ s finger Ù³ïÁ ó÷ ï³É. sham [∫æm] a Ï»ÕÍ, Ï»ÕÍí³Í, ßÇÝÍáõ. ~ ill-
~ violently/thoroughly/carefully áõÅ·ÇÝ/ËݳÙ- ness ëáõï ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝ. ~ transactions
ùáí/½·áõßáñ»Ý ó÷ ï³É. (ûñáñí»É, ×á×- Ï»ÕÍ ·áñͳñù. a ~ diamond Ï»ÕÍí³Í ³¹³-
í»É) ~ up and down í»ñáõí³ñ ×á×í»É. ~ from ٳݹ. a ~ fight áã ÇëϳϳÝ/Ó¨³óñ³Í ÏéÇí.
side to side ÙÇ ÏáÕÙÇó ÙÛáõë ÏáÕÙ ×á×í»É/ ~ pleading Çñ³í. ßÇÝÍáõ ÙÇçÝáñ¹áõÃÛáõÝ:
ûñáñí»É. The table/chair ~s ê»Õ³ÝÁ/²ÃáéÁ sham [∫æm] v Ó¨³óÝ»É, Ï»ÕÍ»É. Ó¨³Ý³É. He
ûñáñíáõÙ ¿. (óÝó»É, óÝóí»É) be ~n by the ~med dead ܳ Ù»é³Í Ó¨³ó³í:
shamble I 738 shark

shamble I [΄∫æmbl] 1. n ùëïùëï³óÝáÕ in good ~ ɳí Ó¨Ç Ù»ç, ɳí. assume the ~ of
ù³ÛÉí³Íù. 2. v ùëïùëï³óÝ»Éáí ù³ÛÉ»É, Ó¨Á ÁݹáõÝ»É. knock/lick smb into ~ ϳñ·ÇÝ
ѳ½Çí áïù»ñÁ ù³ñß ï³É. The old man ~ed ï»ëùÇ μ»ñ»É:
off àïù»ñÁ ù³ñß ï³Éáí Í»ñáõÝÇÝ Ñ»é³- shape [∫eip] v Ó¨ ï³É/ëï³Ý³É. Ó¨³íáñ»É.
ó³í: ëï»ÕÍ»É. Ó¨³Ï»ñå»É. ~ a pot Ï×áõ× ë³ñù»É.
shamble II [΄∫æmbl] n ~s ëå³Ý¹³Ýáó, ~d like an egg Óí³Ó¨ ï»ëù áõݻݳÉ. ~ plans
Ùë³í³×³éÇ Ïñå³Ï: ÷Ëμ. Íñ³·ñ»ñ/åɳÝÝ»ñ ϳ½Ù»É. ~ the
shambles [΄∫æmblz] n ³Ýϳñ·áõÃÛáõÝ, course of events Çñ³¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÁÝ-
ù³áë. ïáõñáõ¹Ù÷áó. His flat is a complete ~ óóùÁ Ó¨³íáñ»É. ~ satisfactûrily ÝáñÙ³É
Üñ³ μݳϳñ³ÝÁ ³Ñ³íáñ ³Ýϳñ· íÇ׳- ½³ñ·³Ý³É. ~ well É³í ½³ñ·³Ý³É/Ó¨³íáñ-
ÏáõÙ ¿: í»É. ~ up μ³ñ»Ñ³çáÕ ³ÝóÝ»É. The things are
shame [∫eim] n ³ÙáÃ, ³ÙáÃÇ ½·³óáõÙ. feel ~ shaping up well ¶áñÍ»ñÁ μ³ñ»Ñ³çáÕ »Ý
ÁÝóÝáõÙ£
³Ùáà ½·³É. sense of ~ ³ÙáÃÇ ½·³óáõÙ.
flush, flush with ~ ³ÙáÃÇó ϳñÙñ»É. It’s a ~ !
shapeless [΄∫eipləs] a ³ÝÓ¨, ³ÝÏ»ñå³ñ³Ýù:
²Ùáà ¿. What a ~ ! Æ°Ýã ˳Ûï³é³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ.
shapely [΄∫eipli] a μ³ñ»Ï³½Ù, í³Û»Éã³Ï³½Ù.
Æ°Ýã ³÷ëáë. For ~ ! ²ÙáÃ. cry ~ upon ˳Û-
share [∫eə] n Ù³ë, μ³ÅÇÝ, Ù³ëݳÏóáõÃÛáõÝ.
have a ~ Ù³ë/μ³ÅÇÝ áõݻݳÉ. liûn’s ~ ³éÛáõ-
ï³é³Ï»É, ³ÙáóÝù ï³É. think ~ ³ñѳ-
ÍÇ μ³ÅÇÝ. on ~s ÷³Û³ïÇñ³Ï³Ý ϳñ·áí.
Ù³ñÑ»É. to my ~ Ç ³Ùáà ÇÝÓ. S~ on you!
go ~s ÏÇë»É Ù»ÏÇ Ñ»ï, ѳí³ë³ñ ã³÷áí
ÆÝãå»°ë ã»ë ³Ù³ãáõÙ:
í׳ñ»É. fair ~s for all μáÉáñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ѳí³-
shame [∫eim] v ³Ù³ã»É, ³Ù³ã»óÝ»É. ˳Û- ë³ñ. (μ³ÅÝ»ïáÙë, ³Ïódz) company ~
ï³é³Ï»É, ³Ýå³ïí»É. He was ~d ܳ ³Ù³-
ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý μ³ÅÝ»ïáÙë. ordinary ~ ѳë³-
ã»ó:
ñ³Ï μ³ÅÝ»ïáÙë. preferance ~ ³ñïáÝÛ³É
shamefaced [΄∫eimfeist] a ³Ù³ãÏáï, μ³ÅÝ»ïáÙë. ~ index μ³ÅÝ»ïáÙë»ñÇ ÇÝ-
»ñÏãáï. a ~ apology »ñÏãáï Ó¨áí Ý»ñáÕáõ-
¹»ùëÁ. The ~s have fallen/dropped ´³ÅÝ»-
ÃÛáõÝ (Ëݹñ»É): ïáÙë»ñÇ ·ÇÝÝ ÁÝÏ»É ¿. ~ issue μ³ÅÝ»ïáÙ-
shameful [΄∫eimfl] a ³ÙáóÉÇ, ˳Ûï³é³Ï: ë»ñÇ ÃáÕ³ñÏáõÙ. ÑÙÏñ·. shares ѳٳû·-
shameless [΄∫eimləs] a ³Ý³ÙáÃ, ³Ýå³ï- ï³·áñÍáõÙ:
ϳé. quite ~ μáÉáñáíÇÝ ³Ùáà ãáõݻݳÉ: share [∫eə] v μ³Å³Ý»É, μ³ßË»É. Ù³ëݳÏó»É,
shaming [΄∫eimiŋ] a ˳Ûï³é³ÏÇã, ˳Ûï³- μ³ÅÇÝ áõݻݳÉ. ~ troubles and joys ÏÇë»É
é³ÏáÕ. How ~ ! Æ°Ýã ˳Ûï³é³Ïáõ- áõñ³ËáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ¨ ³ÝѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ.
ÃÛáõÝ/³ÙáÃ: ~ a room ÝáõÛÝ ë»ÝÛ³ÏáõÙ ³åñ»É. ~ the same
shammer [΄∫æmə] n ËëÏó. Ï»ÕÍ Ó¨³óáÕ, fate ÝáõÛÝ ×³Ï³ï³·ñÇÝ ³ñųݳݳÉ. ~ re-
ëÇÙáõÉÛ³Ýï£ sponsibility å³ï³ë˳ݳïíáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÏÇ-
shammy [΄∫æmi] n óí߳ϳßÇ, ½³Ùß: ë»É/ ѳí³ë³ñ ã³÷áí Ïñ»É. We have to learn
shampoo [∫æm΄pu:] n û׳é³Ñ»ÕáõÏ, to ~ Ø»Ýù å»ïù ¿ ëáíáñ»Ýù áõñÇßÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï
ß³ÙåáõÝ: ÏÇëí»É/μ³Å³Ý»É. ~ in the cost ͳËë»ñÇ ÙÇ
shamrock [΄∫æmrɒk] n μëμ. »é³ï»ñ¨áõÏ. Ù³ëÝ Çñ íñ³ í»ñóÝ»É:
ËëÏó. »ñ»ùÝáõÏ: shareable [΄∫eərəble] a μ³Å³Ý»ÉÇ. ÑÙÏñ·.
shank [∫æŋk] n ϽÙËë. ëñáõÝù. ³é³Ýóù. ~ data base. ÁݹѳÝáõñ û·ï³·áñÍÙ³Ý
ÏáÃ, ÏáÃáõÝ, óáÕáõÝÇÏ: ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ μ³½³. ~ resource Áݹѳ-
shanty [΄∫ænti]1. n Ëñ×ÇÃ, ÑÛáõÕ. 2. a Ýáõñ/μ³Å³ÝíáÕ é»ëáõñë:
ËÕ×áõÏ, Ï»Õïáï: sharecropper [΄∫eəkrɒpə] n ÏÇëñ³ñ, ÏÇëá-
shape [∫eip] n Ó¨, ϳճå³ñ. ϳñ·. ob- íÇ ³ß˳ïáÕ/í³ñӳϳÉ:
long/graceful/well-proportioned ~ »ñϳñ³- shareholder [΄∫eə‚həuldə] n μ³ÅÝ»ï»ñ,
íáõÝ/ Ýñμ³·»Õ/ѳٳã³÷ Ó¨. take ~ Ó¨³- ÷³Û³ï»ñ:
íáñí»É, Ó¨ ëï³Ý³É. put into ~ Ó¨ ï³É, ϳñ- share out [΄∫eəraut] n ËëÏó. μ³ßË»ÉÁ, μ³-
·Ç μ»ñ»É. of all ~ and sizes ³Ù»Ý³ï³ñμ»ñ ųÝáõÙ:
Ó¨»ñÇ ¨ ã³÷ë»ñÇ. in bad ~ í³ï íÇ׳ÏáõÙ. shark [∫a:k] n ßݳÓáõÏ. ÷Ëμ. ·Çß³ïÇã/
in any ~ or form ³Ù»Ý Ó¨áí. in the ~ of Ó¨áí. ·é÷áÕ ³ÝÓ:
sharp 739 sheepskin

sharp [∫a:p] n »ñÅß. ¹Ç»½. μ³ñÓñ Ó³ÛÝ/ïáÝ. shaver [΄∫eivə] n ëñÇϳ, ˳μ»μ³, ˳ñ¹³Ë
³Ù. ·Çï³Ï/ɳí³ï»ÕÛ³Ï ³ÝÓ: Ù³ñ¹:
sharp [∫a:p] a ëáõñ, ѳïáõ, ÏïñáõÏ, ËÇëï. shaving [΄∫eiviŋ] n ë³÷ñí»ÉÁ, ³ÍÇÉí»ÉÁ. ~
a ~ knife/mind ëáõñ ÙÇïù/¹³Ý³Ï. ~ eyes/ brush /cream/ accesories ë³÷ñí»Éáõ íñÓݳÏ/
hearing ëáõñ/ó÷³ÝóáÕ ï»ëáÕáõÃÛáõÝ/ Éëá- Ïñ»Ù /å³ñ³·³Ý»ñ. ~s ï³ß»Õ:
ÕáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ pain ëáõñ/ͳÏáÕ ó³í. stick with shawl [∫ɔ:l] n ß³É:
a ~ point ëñ³Í³Ûñ ÷³Ûï. a ~ pencil ɳí she [∫i:] prn pers ݳ (Ç·. ë»é):
ëñí³Í Ù³ïÇï. a ~ tongue ëáõñ/˳ÛÃÇã sheaf [∫i:f] n ËáõñÓ, ϳåáõÏ. (ÃÕÃÇ) ÷³Ã»Ã,
É»½áõ. ~ frost áõÅ»Õ/ë³ëïÇÏ ë³éݳٳÝÇù. ϳåáó:
~ outline Ñëï³Ï áõñí³·ÇÍ. Keep a ~ look- shear [∫iə]1. n (áã˳ñÇ) Ëáõ½, Ëáõ½»ÉÁ.
out! àõß³¹Çñ »ÕÇñ a ~ image (ýáïá) Ëáõ½Ç ÙÏñ³ï. ~s ÏïñáÕ ·áñÍÇù. pair of ~s
ó³ÛïáõÝ å³ïÏ»ñáõÙ. ~ tone/answer ÏáåÇï ÙÏñ³ï. garden ~s ³Û·»·áñÍ³Ï³Ý ÙÏñ³ï.
ïáÝ/å³ï³ë˳Ý. as ~ as a needle ³ñ³· ë»Ï³ïáñ. 2. v Ëáõ½»É (nã˳ñ). ÷Ëμ. Ïá-
ÁÙμéÝáÕ, Ëáñ³Ã³÷³Ýó. (×Çßï, áõÕÇÕ) at Õáåï»É (ÉñÇí):
3 ~ áõÕÇÕ Å³ÙÇ 3-ÇÝ. (½·áõÛß) Look ~ ! ¼·áõ- sheath [∫i:θ] n å³ïÛ³Ý, ïáõ÷. μáõÝ. Ï»Ýë.
ß³óÇ°ñ. The road turns ~ left ֳݳå³ñÑÁ óճÝÃ. ~ knife áñëáñ¹³Ï³Ý ¹³Ý³Ï
ÏïñáõÏ Ã»ùíáõÙ ¿ ¹»åÇ Ó³Ë. sing ~ »ñÅß. (ýÇÝϳ):
ß³ï μ³ñÓñ Ýáï³Ý»ñ í»ñóÝ»É: sheathe [∫i:ð] v (ëáõñÁ) å³ïÛ³ÝÁ ¹Ý»É.
sharpen [΄∫a:pən] v ëñ»É. ~ a knife/pencil/an ïáõ÷Ç Ù»ç ¹Ý»É. »ñ»ë³å³ï»É:
axe ¹³Ý³ÏÁ/Ù³ïÇïÁ/ϳóÇÝÁ ëñ»É. ~ one’s sheathing [΄∫i:ðiŋ] n »ñ»ë³å³ïáõÙ:
wits ÙÇïùÁ/áõÕ»ÕÁ ëñ»É: sheave [∫i:v] v ËáõñÓ Ï³å»É:
sharpener [΄∫a:pənə] n ëñÇã: sheave [∫i:v] n Ïá×, ûɳÏá×. ÑáÉáí³Ï:
sharper [΄∫a:pə] n ëñÇϳ/˳μ»μ³ Ù³ñ¹: shed [∫ed] n ͳÍÏ, Ù³é³Ý. Ëáï³Ýáó. ·áÙ.
sharply [΄∫a:pli] adv ÏïñáõÏ. speak/break ~ tool ~ ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý ·áñÍÇùÝ»ñÇ Ëáñ¹³-
Ëáñ/ÏáåÇï Ëáë»É£
Ýáó/ë³ñ³Û/:
sharp-set [‚∫a:p΄set] a ã³÷³½³Ýó ëáí³Í/ shed [∫ed] v ó÷»É, ë÷é»É. ~ tears/blood ³ñ-
ù³Õó³Í:
óáõÝù/³ñÛáõÝ Ã³÷»É. ~ light ÉáõÛë ë÷é»É.
sharpshooter [΄∫a:p‚∫u:tə] n ¹ÇåáõÏ Ññ³- (íñ³ÛÇó ѳݻÉ, ¹»Ý Ý»ï»É. ÃáÕÝ»É) The
ÓÇ·:
snake ~s its skin úÓÁ ÷áËáõÙ ¿ Çñ ϳßÇÝ.
sharp-sighted [‚∫a:p΄saitid] a ëñ³ï»ë. The cat is ~ding hair γïáõÝ Ù³½ ¿ ÃáÕÝáõÙ.
Ëáñ³Ã³÷³Ýó:
~ influence ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ ï³ñ³Í»É:
sharp-witted [‚∫a:p΄witid] a ëñ³ÙÇï:
shatter [΄∫ætə] v ÷ßñ»É, Ïáïñ»É. ˳Ëï»É, sheen [∫i:n]1. n ÷³ÛÉ, ßáÕ. 2. v ÷³ÛÉ»É, ßá-
Õ³É:
ÃáõɳóÝ»É. The glass was ~ed ²å³ÏÇÝ
÷ßñí»ó/÷ßáõñ-÷ßáõñ »Õ³í. I feel ~ed ºë
sheep [∫i:p] n áã˳ñ. ÷Ëμ. »ñÏãáï/³Ù³ã-
Ïáï Ù³ñ¹. »Ï»Õ. Ñáï, »Ï»Õ»ó³Ï³Ý ѳ-
óÝóí³Í »Ù. My hopes were ~ed ÷Ëμ.
ÐáõÛë»ñë Ëáñï³Ïí»óÇÝ. ~ed by the news Ù³ÛÝù. a lost ~ ÙáÉáñí³Í áã˳ñ. a wolf in
ÉáõñÇó óÝóí³Í: ~‘s clothing ·³ÛÉÁ áã˳ñÇ ÙáñÃáí. a black ~
shattering [΄∫ætəriŋ] a ç³Ëç³ËÇã. ßßÙ»óáõ- (of a family) (ÁÝï³ÝÇùÇ) ³Ûɳݹ³ÏÁ. ~
óÇã. a ~ blow/defeat ç³Ëç³ËÇã ѳñí³Í/ farming áã˳ñ³μáõÍáõÃÛáõÝ:
å³ñïáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ news ßßÙ»óáõóÇã Ýáñáõ- sheep-cote [΄∫i:pkəut] n (ݳ¨ ~ fold) áã˳ñ-
ÃÛáõÝ: Ý»ñÇ ÷³ñ³Ë:
shave [∫eiv] 1. n ³ÍÇÉáõÙ, ë³÷ñáõÙ. have a ~ sheep-dog [΄∫i:pdɒg] n Ñáíí³ßáõÝ, ·³Ù÷é£
³ÍÇÉí»É, ë³÷ñí»É. close/narrow/near ~ ÷Ëμ. sheepish [΄∫i:pi∫] a »ñÏãáï, í³ËÏáï. ÑÇÙ³-
ѳٳñÛ³ ³ÝËáõë³÷»ÉÇ ÏáñͳÝáõÙ. It was ñ³íáõÝ, ïËÙ³ñ³íáõÝ. look ~ ÑÇÙ³ñ ï»ëù
a close ~ г½Çí ÷ñÏí»ó/÷ñÏí»óÇÝù. The áõݻݳÉ:
car ~d a wall ÷Ëμ. Ø»ù»Ý³Ý ѳٳñÛ³ sheep‘s-head [΄∫i:pshed] n áã˳ñÇ ·ÉáõË,
ùëí»ó å³ïÇÝ. 2. v ³ÍÇÉí»É, ë³÷ñí»É: ÑÇÙ³ñ, ïËÙ³ñ:
shaven [΄∫eivn] a ë³÷ñí³Í. clean ~ Ù³ùáõñ sheepskin [΄∫i:pskin] n áã˳ñÇ ÙáñÃÇ/ϳ-
ë³÷ñí³Í: ßÇ. áã˳ñ»ÝÇ. a ~ coat/jacket áã˳ñÇ
sheep-walk 740 shift

ÙáñÃáõ í»ñ³ñÏáõ/μ³×ÏáÝ (¹áõμÉÛáÝϳ)£ ÃÛáõÝ. ÑÙÏñ·. Ññ³Ñ³Ý·³ÛÇÝ åñáó»ëáñ:


sheep-walk [΄∫i:pwɔ:k] n áã˳ñÝ»ñÇ ³ñá- shell [∫el] v ÏÉå»É, ϻը»É, å³ïÇ׳ѳÝ
ï³ï»ÕÇ: ³Ý»É. é½Ù. éÙμ³ÏáÍ»É, Ññ»ï³Ý³ÛÇÝ Ïñ³Ï
sheer [∫iə] a μ³ó³Ñ³Ûï, ³ÏÝѳÛï. Édzϳ- μ³ó»É. ~ fire (ݳ¨ shelling) Ññ»ï³Ý³ÛÇÝ
ï³ñ. by ~ chance å³ñ½³å»ë å³ï³Ñ³- ·Ý¹³ÏáÍáõÃÛáõÝ:
ϳÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ. ~ waste of time/nonsense shell-fish [΄∫elfi∫] n ϻݹ. Ë»ó»ÙáñÃÇ:
³ÏÝѳÛï ųٳݳÏÇ Ïáñáõëï/ÑÇÙ³ñáõ- shell-proof [΄∫elpru:f] a ½ñ³Ñ³å³ï. (Ññ»-
ÃÛáõÝ. ~ desperation μ³ó³ñÓ³Ï/å³ñ½³å»ë ï³Ý³ÛÇÝ Ïñ³ÏÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ) ³Ýѳë³Ý»ÉÇ:
Ñáõë³Ñ³ïáõÃÛáõÝ. (ó÷³ÝóÇÏ, Ýáõñμ) ~ shell-shock [΄∫el∫ɒk] n óÝó³Ï³Ãí³Í. ÏáÝ-
stockings Ýáõñμ ·áõÉå³Ý»ñ. (áõÕÕ³ÓÇ·, ïáõ½Ç³/ë³Éç³ñ¹:
áõÕÕ³μ»ñÓ) a ~ rock áõÕÕ³μ»ñÓ Å³Ûé: shell-shocked [΄∫el∫ɒkt] a ÏáÝïáõ½Ç³Ñ³ñ,
sheer [∫iə] adv ϳï³ñ»É³å»ë. áõÕճѳ۳ó ÏáÝïáõ½Ç³ÛÇ »ÝóñÏí³Í:
Ï»ñåáí: shelter [΄∫eltə] n ³å³ëï³Ý, ³å³ëï³ñ³Ý.
sheet [∫i:t] n ë³í³Ý. (ûñÃ, ³Ù÷á÷³·Çñ) a ͳÍÏ, óùëïáó, ϳó³ñ³Ý. air raid ~
~ of paper/metal ÃÕÃÇ/Ù»ï³ÕÇ Ã»ñÃ. fact ~ éÙμ³å³ëï³ñ³Ý. under the ~ of å³ßïå³-
÷³ëï»ñ å³ñáõݳÏáÕ ³Ù÷á÷³·Çñ. dust ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï. night ~ ·Çß»ñ³ÛÇÝ ûè³Ý/
~ ͳÍÏáó, ͳÍϳ߳åÇÏ. ~s ·ñùÇ ¿ç»ñ. ϳó³ñ³Ý find ~ å³ïëå³ñ³Ý ·ïÝ»É,
data ~ ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ ³ÕÛáõë³Ï/³Ù÷á÷³·Çñ. óùÝí»É. take ~ óùÝí»É, å³Ñí»É. ÷Ëμ.
~s of flame μáóÇ/Ïñ³ÏÇ É»½áõÝ»ñ. a clean ~ ¹ÇÙ»É áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ. take ~ from the rain
³Ýμ³ëÇñ ³ÝóÛ³É. white as a ~ ù³Ã³ÝÇ ³ÝÓñ¨Çó å³ïëå³ñí»É:
ÝÙ³Ý ëåÇï³Ï. work ~ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ shelve I [∫elv] v ¹³ë³íáñ»É, ¹³ñë»É (¹³-
ѳßí³éÙ³Ý Ã»ñÃÇÏ. a ~ of water/snow ÷Ëμ. ñ³ÏÇ íñ³). (Ñ»ï³Ó·»É, Ó·Ó·»É) ~ a prob-
çñ³ÛÇÝ ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, ÓÛáõݳå³ï ¹³ßï. lem ·áñÍÁ ùÝ»óÝ»É/Ù³Ñáõ¹Ç ï³Ï ¹Ý»É:
The rain came down in ~s Ðáñ¹³é³ï ³ÝÓñ¨ shelve II [∫elv] v ûè ½³éÇí³Ûñ ϳï³ñ»É,
¿ñ ·³ÉÇë. (ûñóíáñ) ~ glass/steel ûñó- ÇçÝ»É:
íáñ ³å³ÏÇ/Ù»ï³Õ. ~ music Ýáï³Ý»ñ, shelving [΄∫elviŋ] n ¹³ñ³Ï³ß³ñ, ß³ñ³-
·ñí³Í »ñ³ÅßïáõÃÛáõÝ: ѳñÏ ¹³ñ³ÏÝ»ñ:
sheet [∫i:t] v ͳÍÏ»É (ë³í³Ýáí, ÓÛ³Ý ß»ñ- shepherd [΄∫epəd] n ÑáíÇí. Ñá·¨áñ ÑáíÇí,
ïáí ¨ ³ÛÉÝ). ûñóíáñ»É: ù³Ñ³Ý³£
sheet-anchor [΄∫i:t‚æŋkə] n Íáí. å³Ñ»ë- shepherd dog [΄∫epəddɒg] n Ñáíí³ßáõÝ,
ï³ÛÇÝ Ù»Í Ë³ñÇëË. ÷Ëμ. í»ñçÇÝ ÑáõÛë/ ·³Ù÷é:
³å³í»Ý: shepherdess [‚∫əpə΄des] n ÑáííáõÑÇ£
sheeted [΄∫i:tid] a ͳÍÏí³Í, å³ï³Ý³Í: sheriff [΄∫erif] n ß»ñÇý (²ØÜ ¹³ï³Ï³Ý ¨
sheeting [΄∫i:tiŋ] n ͳÍÏ, ͳÍÏáó. ë³í³ÝÇ í³ñã³Ï³Ý å³ßïáÝÛ³). áëïÇϳݳå»ï:
ù³Ã³Ý, ë³í³Ý³óáõ: sherry [΄∫eri] n Ë»ñ»ë (·ÇÝÇ):
shelf [∫elf] n ¹³ñ³Ï. be on the ~ ÷Ëμ. ã³- shield [∫i:ld] n í³Ñ³Ý, å³ßïå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ.
ÙáõëÝ³Ý³É (³Õçϳ Ù³ëÇÝ). be laid/put on å³ßïå³Ý:
the ~ ÷Ëμ. å³ßïáݳÃáÕ ÉÇÝ»É. Ùáé³óáõ- shield [∫i:ld] v å³ßïåÝ»É, í³Ñ³Ýáí ͳÍÏ»É
ÃÛ³Ý ïñí»É. (³é³÷ÝÛ³ ͳÝͳÕáõï) conti- ~ one’s eyes (from the sun/light) ³ãù»ñÁ
nental ~ Ù³Ûñó³Ù³ù³ÛÇÝ »Éáõݹ. ~ locked å³ßïå³Ý»É (³ñ¨Çó/ÉáõÛëÇó). He ~ed me
country ¹»åÇ Íáí »ÉùÁ Ëáõûñáí ÷³Ïí³Í from ÷Ëμ. ܳ ÇÝÓ å³ßïå³Ý»ó ...Çó:
»ñÏÇñ: shift [∫ift] n ÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ of wind/atti-
shell [∫el] n Ë»óÇ. (ϻը, Ï×»å) egg ~ ÓíÇ tude/in policy ÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝ ù³Ùáõ áõÕÕáõ-
Ï×»å. nut ~ ÁÝÏáõÛ½Ç Ï»Õ¨. come out of one’s ÃÛ³Ý/í»ñ³μ»ñÙáõÝùÇ/ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý
~ ÷Ëμ. å³ïÛ³ÝÇó ¹áõñë ·³É, ¹³¹³ñ»É Ù»ç. (³ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ) Ñ»ñó÷áË. day/
ÇÝùݳÙ÷á÷ ÉÇÝ»Éáõó. retire into one`s ~ night ~ ó»ñ»Ï³ÛÇÝ/·Çß»ñ³ÛÇÝ Ñ»ñó÷áË.
÷Ëμ. ÇÝùݳÙ÷á÷ ¹³éݳÉ. é½Ù. å³ñÏáõ×, work in ~s Ñ»ñó÷áËáí ³ß˳ï»É. a three ~
ÝéݳÏ. éáõÙμ. blind ~ ãå³ÛÃ³Í éáõÙμ. ~ fire working system »ñ»ù Ñ»ñà ³ß˳ï³Ýù. ro-
(ݳ¨ shelling) Ññ»ï³Ý³ÛÇÝ ·Ý¹³ÏáÍáõ- tating ~ Ñ»ñó÷áË. a ~ of clothes ÙÇ Ó»éù
shift 741 shipmaster

÷áËÝáñ¹. É»½í. ï»Õ³ß³ñÅ. the Great Vowel ²ñ¨Á ÷³ÛÉáõÙ ¿. ~ with health ÷³ÛÉáõÝ
~ Ó³ÛݳíáñÝ»ñÇ Ù»Í ï»Õ³ß³ñÅ. (Ñݳñù, ³éáÕçáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ. Her eyes shone
ÙÇçáó) the last ~(s) í»ñçÇÝ ÙÇçáóÁ. ²ãù»ñÁ ÷³ÛÉáõÙ ¿ÇÝ. not to ~ in conversation
(å³ïñí³Ï) a mere ~ ѳïáõÏ å³ïñí³Ï. ½ñáõÛóÇ Ù»ç ã÷³ÛÉ»É:
make ~ Ûáɳ ·Ý³É. (Ñáë³Ýù³÷áËáõÙ, ÷á- shiner [΄∫ainə] n ËëÏó. áëÏ»¹ñ³Ù, Ù»ï³Õ³-
˳ñÏáõÙ) manual/gear ~ Ó»éùÇ/ٻ˳ÝÇϳ- ¹ñ³Ù:
Ï³Ý ÷á˳ñÏáõÙ: shingle I [΄∫iŋgl] n ÑÕÏí³Í ·»ï³ù³ñ. ë³-
shift [∫ift] v ï»Õ³÷áË»É, ÷á˳¹ñ»É, ÷á- ɳù³ñ. a ~ beach ·»ï³ù³ñáí ͳÍÏí³Í Éá-
Ë»É. ~ furniture (around) ϳÑáõÛùÁ í»ñ³¹³- Õ³÷:
ë³íáñ»É. ~ from job to job ³ÝÁݹѳï ÙÇ shingle II [΄∫iŋgl] n Ù³½»ñÇ Ï³ñ× Ïïñí³Íù/
³ß˳ï³ÝùÇó ÙÛáõëÇÝ ï»Õ³÷áË»É. ~ Ëáõ½í³Íù:
one’s ground ¹Çñù»ñÁ ÷áË»É. You can’t ~ him shingles [΄∫iŋglz] n μÅßÏ. ·áï»áñùÇÝ:
÷Ëμ. Üñ³Ý ï»ÕÇó ã»ë ß³ñÅÇ. ~ from one shining [΄∫ainiŋ] a ÷³ÛÉáõÝ, ßáÕßáÕáõÝ,
foot to another Ù»°Ï ³Ûë, Ù»°Ï ³ÛÝ áïùÇÝ å³Ûͳé:
Ñ»Ýí»É. The scene ~s to the country (óïñ. shinny [΄∫ini] n ËëÏó. Ñáù»Û:
é»Ù³ñÏ) ¶áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ ï»Õ³÷áËíáõÙ ¿ shiny [΄∫aini] a ³ñ¨áï, å³Ûͳé, ßáÕßáÕáõÝ.
·ÛáõÕ³Ï³Ý í³Ûñ: ÷³ÛÉáõÝ, åëåÕáõÝ. ~ boots 1. ɳù»
shiftless [΄∫iftləs] a ³Ý׳ñ³Ï, ³Ýû·Ý³Ï³Ý. ÏáßÇÏÝ»ñ. 2. ÷³ÛÉ»óñ³Í ÏáßÇÏÝ»ñ. a ~ sur-
³ÝßÝáñÑù: face ÷³ÛÉáõÝ Ù³Ï»ñ»ë. His trousers are ~
shifty [΄∫ifti] a ¹Ûáõñ³÷á÷áË, ³ÝϳÛáõÝ, î³μ³ïÁ Ù³ßí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÇó ÷³ÛÉáõÙ ¿£
³Ýíëï³Ñ»ÉÇ. a ~ answer Ëáõë³÷áÕ³Ï³Ý ship [∫ip]1 n. ݳí. a war/merchant/fishing é³½-
å³ï³ë˳Ý. a ~ customer ׳ñåÇÏ Ù³ñ¹. ~ ٳϳÝ/³é¨ïñ³Ï³Ý/ÓÏÝáñë³Ï³Ý ݳí.
eyes/expression ËáõÛë ïíáÕ ³ãù»ñ: cargo ~ μ»éݳï³ñ ݳí. factory ~ ÓÏݳ·áñ-
shilling [΄∫iliŋ] n ßÇÉÉÇÝ· (³Ý·ÉÇ³Ï³Ý Í³Ï³Ý Ý³í. The ~ dropped the anchor ܳíÁ
¹ñ³Ù³Ï³Ý Ùdzíáñ). long ~s ɳí í³ëï³Ï. ˳ñÇëË ·ó»ó. The ~ called at several ports
cut of with a ~ ųé³Ý·áõÃÛáõÝÇó ½ñÏ»É: ܳíÁ ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ Ý³í³Ñ³Ý·Çëï Ùï³í. a ~
shilly-shally [΄∫ili‚∫æli]1. n ³Ýí×é³Ï³Ýáõ- in distress íï³Ý·Ç Ù»ç ·ïÝíáÕ Ý³í. on
ÃÛáõÝ, í³ñ³ÝáõÙ. 2. v ï³ï³Ýí»É, í³ñ³- board the ~ ݳíáõÙ, ݳíÇ íñ³. the ~‘s com-
Ý»É: pany/doctor/papers ݳíÇ ³ÝÓݳϳ½ÙÁ/
shimmer [΄∫imə] 1. n ÃáõÛÉ óáÉù, ³éϳÛÍáõÙ, μÅÇßÏÁ/÷³ëï³ÃÕûñÁ. the ~ of the desert
÷³ÛÉ÷ÉáõÙ. 2. v óáɳÉ, ³éϳÛÍ»É, ÷³ÛÉ- ÷Ëμ. áõÕï. ~ canal ݳí³ñÏ»ÉÇ çñ³Ýóù. 2.
÷É»É: a ݳíÇ, ݳí³ßÇݳϳÝ:
shimmery [΄∫iməri] a ³éϳÛÍáÕ, óáɳóáÕ, ship [∫ip] v (³åñ³Ýù) μ³ñÓ»É, ÷á˳¹ñ»É,
÷³ÛÉ÷ÉáÕ: áõÕ³ñÏ»É. The goods were ~ped to London
shimmy [΄∫imi] n ËëÏó. ß³åÇÏ: ²åñ³ÝùÝ áõÕ³ñÏí»ó ÈáݹáÝ (Íáíáí).
shin [∫in] n ëñáõÝù, ëñáõÝùáëÏñ: ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ ÁݹáõÝí»É (ݳíÇ íñ³/). He
shin [∫in] v Ù³·Éó»É. ~ up a tree/over a wall ~ped as a steward ܳ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ ÁÝ-
ͳé Ù³·Éó»É/å³ïÇ íñ³Ûáí ³ÝóÝ»É: ¹áõÝí»ó áñå»ë Ù³ïáõóáÕ. ~ water çñáí
shin-bone [΄∫inbəun] n Ù»Í ëñáõÝùáëÏñ: áÕáÕí»É, çáõñ ³éÝ»É (÷áÃáñÏÇ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï).
shindy [΄∫indi] n ËëÏó. ÏéÇí, Í»ÍÏéïáó. kick The boat ~ped water ܳíÁ çáõñ ³é³í:
up a ~ ÏéÇí/Çñ³ñ³ÝóáõÙ ³é³ç³óÝ»É: shipboard [΄∫ipbɔ:d] n ï³Ëï³Ï³Ù³Í. on
shine [∫ain] n ÷³ÛÉ, ßáÕ, ÉáõÛë. give the shoes ~ ݳíÇ íñ³, ݳíáõÙ:
a ~ ÏáßÇÏÝ»ñÁ ÷³ÛÉ»óÝ»É. We’ll go rain or ~ shipbroker [΄∫ip‚brəukə] n ݳí³ÙÇçÝáñ¹:
Ø»Ýù ϷݳÝù ³ÝÏ³Ë »Õ³Ý³ÏÇó. take the ship-builder [΄∫ip‚bildə] n ݳí³ßÇݳñ³ñ:
~ out of Ù»ÏÇÝ ëïí»ñÇ Ù»ç ÃáÕÝ»É/·»ñ³- shipbuilding [΄∫ip‚bildiŋ] n ݳí³ßÇݳñ³-
½³Ýó»É: ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
shine [∫ain] v Éáõë³íáñ»É, ÉáõÛë ï³É. ~ a light shipman [΄∫ipmən] n ݳí³ñ³ñ:
Éáõë³íáñ»É. ~ a torch ɳåï»ñáí ÉáõÛë ï³É. shipmaster [΄∫ip‚ma:stə] n ݳí³ï»ñ,
(÷³ÛÉ»É, ³ãùÇ ÁÝÏÝ»É) The sun is shining ݳí³å»ï:
shipmate 742 shoe

shipmate [΄∫ipmeit] n ÝáõÛÝ Ý³íÇ íñ³ ͳ- shiver [΄∫ivə] n ¹áÕ, ë³ñëáõé. He gives me
é³ÛáÕ Ý³í³ëïÇ/ÁÝÏ»ñ: the ~s Üñ³Ý ï»ëÝ»ÉÇë ¹áÕë μéÝáõÙ ¿. It
shipment [΄∫ipmənt] n μ»é, ³åñ³Ýù. (³å- sends ~s down my spine ²ÙμáÕç Ù³ñÙÝáíë
ñ³ÝùÇ) ÷á˳¹ñáõÙ, ³é³ùáõÙ, μ³ñÓáõÙ. a ë³ñëáõé ¿ ³ÝóÝáõÙ:
~ of coal/lories ³ÍËÇ/μ»éݳï³ñÝ»ñÇ ÷á- shiver [΄∫ivə] v ¹áÕ¹áÕ³É, ë³ñëé»É. ~ all over
˳¹ñáõÙ ~ in bulk μ»éÝáõÙ ³é³Ýó ÷³Ã»- ³ÙμáÕçáíÇÝ ¹áÕ³É. start ~ing ¹áÕ³É:
óíáñÙ³Ý: shivery [΄∫ivəri] a ¹áÕ¹áçáõÝ. »ñÏãáï, í³Ë-
shipowner [΄∫ip‚əunə] n ݳí³ï»ñ: Ïáï. feel ~ ¹áÕ¿ñáóù áõݻݳɣ
shipper [΄∫ipə] n μ»éݳé³ùÇã, Ù³ï³Ï³- shoal I [∫əul] n ͳÝÍ³Õ ï»Õ, ͳÝͳÕáõï:
ñ³ñ: shoal II [∫əul]1. n íï³é. ÷Ëμ. (Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó)
shipping [΄∫ipiŋ] n Ý³í³·Ý³óáõÃÛáõÝ. μ»é- μ³½ÙáõÃÛáõÝ. 2. v íï³é ϳ½Ù»É, íï³é-
ÝáõÙ, ÷á˳¹ñáõÙ, ³é³ùáõÙ. ³é¨ïñ³Ï³Ý Ý»ñáí ÉáÕ³É. ËéÝí»É, ËÙμí»É:
ݳí»ñ/ݳí³ïáñÙ. ~ line ݳí³ñÏáõÃÛ³Ý shock I [∫ɒk] n óÝóáõÙ, ѳñí³Í, ½³ñÏ.
»ñÃáõÕÇ. Open to ~ ´³ó ¿ Ý³í³·Ý³óáõ- μÅßÏ. óÝóáõÙ, Ñáõ½áõÙ. ßáÏ, ϳÃí³Í. elec-
ÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ. ~ company Ý³í³·Ý³ó³ÛÇÝ tric ~ ¿É»Ïïñ³Ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. It came as a ~
ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ document μ»éݳ·Çñ. ~ in- Ø»Ýù óÝóí³Í ¿ÇÝù. suffer from ~, be in ~
telligence ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ Ý³í³·Ý³óáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³- ßáÏÇó ï³é³å»É. ~ tactics é½Ù. ç³Ëç³ËÇã
ëÇÝ. ~ agent ³é³ùÇã: ѳñí³ÍÝ»ñ/Ù³ñï³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ~ troops
shipshape [΄∫ip∫eip] a, adv ϳÝáݳíáñ, ѳñí³Í³ÛÇÝ ½áñ³Ù³ë»ñ. ~ therapy/treat-
ϳñ·ÇÝ, ï»ÕÁ-ï»ÕÇÝ. Everything is ~ ²Ù»Ý ment μÅßÏ. óÝó³μáõÅáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ absorber
ÇÝã ϳñ·ÇÝ ¿: (³íïá) ѳñí³Í³Ù»ÕÙÇã, ³Ùáñïǽ³ïáñ:
shipwreck [΄∫iprek] n ݳí³μ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝ, shock II [∫ɒk] n ËáõñÓ, ¹»½. ÷Ëμ. Ù³½»ñÇ
ݳí³μ»ÏáñÝ»ñ. ÷Ëμ. Ëáñï³ÏáõÙ (ÑáõÛ- ¹»½:
ë»ñÇ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ). be ~ed ݳí³μ»ÏáõÃÛ³Ý shocker [΄∫ɒkə] n ËëÏó. ¿Å³Ý³·ÇÝ/μáõÉí³-
»ÝóñÏí»É£ ñ³ÛÇÝ í»å. ¹»ï»ÏïÇí. ïÑ³× »ñ¨áõÛÃ. The
shipwright [΄∫iprait] n ݳí³ßÇݳñ³ñ- boy is a real ~ ²Û¹ ïÕ³Ý ËáõÉÇ·³Ý ¿. That
ÑÛáõëÝ£ mistake was a ~ ¸³ ³ÙáóÉÇ ëË³É ¿ñ:
ship-yard [΄∫ipja:d] n ݳí³ßÇݳñ³Ý: shockheaded [΄∫ɒk‚hedid] a Ù³½»ñÇ ¹»½áí
shire [΄∫aiə] n ÏáÙëáõÃÛáõÝ. the ~s λÝïñá- ·ÉáõË:
Ý³Ï³Ý ²Ý·ÉdzÛÇ ÏáÙëáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ: shocking [΄∫ɒkiŋ] a íñ¹áí»óáõóÇã, ½³Ûñ³-
shirk [∫ə:k] v Ëáõë³÷»É, ËáõÛë ï³É. ~ one’s óáõóÇã. ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ, óÝóáÕ. a ~ sight ë³ñ-
duty å³ñïùÇó Ëáõë³÷»É. ~ the problem ë³÷»ÉÇ/óÝóáÕ ï»ë³ñ³Ý. ~ behaviour/
ËݹñÇó/åñáμÉ»ÙÇó ËáõÛë ï³É. ~ difficulties weather ½³Ûñ³óáõóÇã í³ñù³·ÇÍ. ³Ñ³íáñ
ßñç³Ýó»É ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ. ~ school ¹³- »Õ³Ý³Ï. How simply ~ ¸³ áã ÙÇ μ³ÝÇ ÝÙ³Ý
ë»ñÁ μ³ó ÃáÕÝ»É: ã¿. ~ handwriting ëáëϳÉÇ ³ÝÁÝûéÝ»ÉÇ Ó»-
shirker [΄∫ə:kə] n Ëáõë³÷áÕ, ËáõÛë ïíáÕ: é³·Çñ:
shirt [∫ə:t] n ïÕ³Ù³ñ¹áõ ß³åÇÏ. í»ñݳ߳- shoddy [΄∫ɒdi] a ³Ýå»ïù, ó³Íñáñ³Ï, í³-
åÇÏ. dress/starched ~ ßù»Õ, ïáݳϳÝ/ûë- ïáñ³Ï. ~ cloth/work ó³Íñáñ³Ï ³ß-
É³Û³Í ß³åÇÏ. ~ collar/front í»ñݳ߳åÇÏÇ Ë³ï³Ýù. í³ï áñ³ÏÇ ·áñÍí³Íù:
ûÓÇù, ÏñÍù³Ï³É. in ~ sleeves ³é³Ýó åÇ- shoe [∫u:] n ÏáßÇÏ, ÏÇë³ÏáßÇÏ (ïáõýÉÇ).
ç³ÏÇ. have one’s ~ out ÷Ëμ. ѳÙμ»ñáõ- ï»Ë. ϳճå³ñ, ϳɳݹ. Oxford ~ ÏÇë³-
ÃÛáõÝÇó ¹áõñë ·³É. keep one’s ~ on ÷Ëμ. ÏáßÇÏ. flat - heeled/high -heeled ~s ï³÷³Ï
ѳݷÇëï ÙݳÉ, ãÑáõ½í»É: ÏáßÇÏÝ»ñ. μ³ñÓñ³ÏñáõÝÏ ÏáßÇÏÝ»ñ. pat-
shirting [΄∫ə:tiŋ] n ïÕ³Ù³ñ¹áõ í»ñݳ߳- tern/patent-leather/suede ~s ÙṻɳÛÇÝ/ ɳù»-
åÇÏÇ Ïïáñ: å³ï/½³Ùß» ÏáßÇÏÝ»ñ. leather-soled/rubber -
shirty [΄∫ə:ti] a ËëÏó. μáñμáùí³Í, ·ñ·éí³Í. soled ~s ϳßí»/é»ïÇÝ» Ý»ñμ³Ýáí Ïá-
get ~ μáñμáùí»É, ·ñ·éí»É. be very ~ ËÇëï ßÇÏÝ»ñ. strong ~s ³Ùáõñ ÏáßÇÏÝ»ñ. lace up
μáñμáùí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. ïѳ×/ÏáåÇï ïáÝáí ~s ÏáßϳùáõÕáí ÏáßÇÏÝ»ñ. a pair of ~s ÙÇ
Ëáë»É: ½áõÛ· ÏáßÇÏÝ»ñ. The ~ hurts ÎáßÇÏÁ ë»ÕÙáõÙ
shoeblack 743 shore

¿. be in ones ~s ÷Ëμ. Ù»ÏÇ ï»ÕÁ ÉÇÝ»É. Step ous ~ »ñϳñ³ï¨ Ññ³Ó·áõÃÛáõÝ. (áñë, áñë
into smb’s ~s ÷Ëμ. Ù»ÏÇ ï»ÕÁ ·ñ³í»É. know ³Ý»ÉÁ) go ~ áñëÇ ·Ý³É. ~ gallery/range
where the ~ pinches ÷Ëμ. ë»÷³Ï³Ý ÷áñÓÇó Ññ³Ó·³ñ³Ý. ~ incident μ³ËáõÙ ÷áËÑñ³-
ÇÙ³Ý³É ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛ³Ý å³ï׳éÁ. horse’s ~ Ó·áõÃÛ³Ùμ. ~ season áñëáñ¹³Ï³Ý 뻽áÝ. ~
å³Ûï. ~ repair ÏáßÇÏÇ í»ñ³Ýáñá·áõÙ: star ÁÝÏÝáÕ ³ëïÕ. (Ýϳñ³Ñ³ÝáõÙ) S~ has
shoeblack [΄∫u:blæk] n ÏáßÇÏ Ù³ùñáÕ: started Üϳñ³Ñ³ÝáõÙÝ ëÏëí»É ¿:
shoebrush [΄∫u:brΛ∫] n ÏáßÇÏÇ ËέݳÏ: shop [∫ɒp] n ˳ÝáõÃ, Ïñå³Ï. antique/furni-
shoehorn [΄∫u:hɔ:n] n ѳ·Ý»É³ÃÇ (ÏáßÇÏÁ ture/flower ~ Ñݳá× Çñ»ñÇ/ϳÑáõÛùÇ/ͳÕÏÇ
ѳ·Ý»Éáõ): ˳ÝáõÃ. chemist’s ~ ¹»Õ³ïáõÝ. barrel ~
shoe-lace [΄∫u:leis] n ÏáßϳùáõÕ. do up one’s ·³ñ»çñ³ïáõÝ. curiosity ~ ³ÝïÇÏí³ñ³ÛÇÝ
~ ÏáßϳùáõÕÁ ϳå»É: ˳ÝáõÃ. butcher’s/grocer’s ~ ÙëÇ/Ýå³ñ»Õ»ÝÇ
shoe-maker [΄∫u:‚meikə] n Ïáßϳϳñ: ˳ÝáõÃ. a tobacconist’s ~ Í˳ËáïÇ Ë³-
shoemaker’s [΄∫u:‚meikəz] n ÏáßÇÏÇ ³ñ- ÝáõÃ. gift ~ Ýí»ñÝ»ñÇ Ë³ÝáõÃ. keep/own a ~
Ñ»ëï³Ýáó: ˳Ýáõà áõݻݳÉ. (ó»Ë, ³ñï³¹ñ³Ù³ë,
shoerepairer’s [΄∫u:‚ripeəz] n ÏáßÇÏÇ í»- ³ñÑ»ëï³Ýáó) tool ~ ·áñÍÇù³ÛÇÝ ³ñï³-
ñ³Ýáñá·Ù³Ý ³ñÑ»ëï³Ýáó: ¹ñ³Ù³ë. fitting/assembly ~ ѳí³ùÙ³Ý ó»Ë/
shoe-string [΄∫u:‚striŋ] n (²ØÜ) ÏáßϳùáõÕ. ³ñï³¹ñ³Ù³ë. machine ~ ٻ˳ÝÇϳϳÝ
live on a ~ ÷Ëμ. Ïáå»ÏÝ»ñáí ³åñ»É: ó»Ë. on the ~ floor ó»ËáõÙ. talk ~ ³ß˳-
shoe-tree [΄∫u:tri:] n ϳճå³ñ (ÏáßÇÏÇ): ï³ÝùÇ Ù³ëÇÝ Ëáë»É, Ý»Õ Ù³ëݳ·Çï³-
shoo [∫u:] int ÷Ç°ßï, ¹á°õñë ÏáñÇñ: Ï³Ý ½ñáõÛó í³ñ»É. come to the wrong ~
shoo [∫u:] v (~ away/off) ¹áõñë ³Ý»É, ËëÏó. ëË³É Ñ³ëó»áí ¹ÇÙ»É. shut up ~ ÷Ëμ.
Ñ»é³óÝ»É: ·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛ³ÝÁ í»ñç ï³É, ·áñÍÁ ¹³¹³-
shoot [∫u:t] n Ïñ³Ïáó, Ññ³Ó·áõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ ñ»óÝ»É. ~ window óáõó³÷»ÕÏ:
áñë, áñë³í³Ûñ. (ÁÝÓÛáõÕ, ßÇí, ß³é³íÇÕ) shop [∫ɒp] v ·ÝáõÙÝ»ñ ϳï³ñ»É. ~ at the
put out ~s ßÇí»ñ ³ñӳϻÉ: same store ÙǨÝáõÛÝ Ë³ÝáõÃáõÙ ·ÝáõÙÝ»ñ
shoot [∫u:t] v Ïñ³Ï»É, ³ñӳϻÉ. ~ a gun/re- ϳï³ñ»É, ÙǨÝáõÛÝ Ë³ÝáõÃÇó û·ïí»É. ~
volver/bow Ññ³ó³Ý /³ïñ×³Ý³Ï Ïñ³Ï»É. around ݳۻÉ, ¹Çï»É, ½ÝÝ»É:
Ý»ï ³ñӳϻÉ. ~ into the air û¹ Ïñ³Ï»É. ~ in shop-assistant [΄∫ɒpə‚sistənt] n (ݳ¨ shop-
the head/through the heart ·ÉËÇÝ/ëñïÇÝ man) í³×³éáÕ/áõÑÇ:
Ïñ³Ï»É. ~ dead ëå³Ý»É. ~ oneself ÇÝùݳ- shop-girl [‚∫ɒp΄gə:l] n í³×³éáÕáõÑÇ:
ëå³Ý ÉÇÝ»É. ~ game áñëÇ ·Ý³É, áñë ³Ý»É. ~ shopkeeper [΄∫ɒp‚ki:pə] n ˳ÝáõÃå³Ý,
a film ýÇÉÙ Ýϳñ³Ñ³Ý»É. ~ the rapids ÷Ëμ. ˳ÝáõÃÇ ï»ñ:
ë³Ñ³ÝùÝ»ñÝ ³ÝóÝ»É. ~ questions ѳñó»ñÇ shoplifter [΄∫ɒpliftə] n ˳ÝáõÃÇ ·áÕ:
ï³ñ³÷ ï»Õ³É. I’ll be shot Îáñ³Í »Ù. ~ a shoplifting [΄∫ɒp‚liftiŋ] n ·áÕáõÃÛáõÝ
line ï³ñ÷áÕ»É, ³Ù»Ýáõñ»ù ï³ñ³Í»É. ~ to ˳ÝáõÃáõÙ:
kill ëå³Ý»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí Ïñ³Ï»É. a ~ing shopper [΄∫ɒpə] n ·Ýáñ¹:
pain in one’s ear/side/tooth ³Ï³ÝçÁ/ ÏáÕùÁ/ shopping [΄∫ɒpiŋ] n ·ÝáõÙÝ»ñ: do ~ ·ÝáõÙ-
³ï³ÙÁ ͳÏáÕ ó³í. ~ wide of the mark Ý»ñ ³Ý»É. go ~ ·ÝáõÙÝ»ñÇ ·Ý³É. ~ centre
íñÇå»É. (ëɳݳÉ, ³ÝóÝ»É) The car shot by ³é¨ïñ³Ï³Ý Ï»ÝïñáÝ. ~ bag ïÝï»ë³Ï³Ý
Ø»ù»Ý³Ý ÏáÕùáí ëɳó³í. ~ across the road å³Ûáõë³Ï. ~ trolley ·ÝáõÙÝ»ñÇ ë³ÛɳÏ.
׳ݳå³ñÑÁ Ïïñ»Éáí ëɳݳÉ. ~ down shoppy [΄∫ɒpi] a (Ý»Õ) Ù³ëݳ·Çï³Ï³Ý
Ë÷»Éáí í³Ûñ ·ó»É. ~ down a plane ÇÝùݳ- ½ñáõÛó:
ÃÇéÁ Ë÷»É-·ó»É. ~ up ³ñ³· ³×»É, í»ñ shop-steward [‚∫ɒp΄stju:əd] n μ³ÝíáñÝ»ñÇ
μ³ñÓñ³Ý³É. prices/temperature shot up ³ñÑÙÇáõÃÛ³Ý Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇã/å³ïíÇñ³Ï:
·Ý»ñÁ/ ç»ñÙáõÃÛáõÝÁ ³ñ³· μ³ñÓñ³ó³Ý. ~ shop-walker [΄∫ɒp‚wɔ:kə] n Ñ»ñóå³Ñ
forth μáÕμáç/ÁÝÓÛáõÕ/ßÇí ï³É£ ³¹ÙÇÝÇëïñ³ïáñ (Ù»Í Ë³ÝáõÃÝ»ñáõÙ):
shooter [΄∫u:tə] n Ññ³ÓÇ·, Ññ³½»Ý. square ~ shore [∫ɔ:] n Íáí³÷. go on ~ ³÷ ÇçÝ»É.
³½ÝÇí Ù³ñ¹: (»ñÏÇñ) my native ~ Ç٠ѳÛñ»ÝÇ »ñÏÇñÁ.
shooting [΄�u:tiŋ] n Ññ³Ó·áõÃÛáõÝ. continu- (³é³÷ÝÛ³ çñ»ñ) in ~ ³é³÷ÝÛ³ çñ»ñáõÙ. ~
short 744 shot I

leave ³÷ ÇçÝ»Éáõ ÃáõÛÉïíáõÃÛáõÝ (ݳí³ë- shorthand [΄∫ɔ:thænd] n ëÕ³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ. take


ïÇÝ»ñÇ). ~ line ³÷³·ÇÍ, çñ³÷ÝÛ³ ·ÇÍ: down in ~ ëÕ³·ñ»É. ~ typist ëÕ³·ñáÕ Ù»ù»-
short [∫ɔ:t] a ϳñ×, ѳٳéáï ë»ÕÙ. ~ letter/ ݳ·ñáõÑÇ:
legs/fingers ϳñ× Ý³Ù³Ï/áïù»ñ/Ù³ïÝ»ñ. ~ short-handed [‚∫ɔ:t΄hændid] a μ³Ýíáñ³-
biography/speech ѳٳéáï Ï»Ýë³·ñáõ- Ï³Ý áõÅÇ å³Ï³ë áõÝ»óáÕ. be ~ μ³Ýíáñ³-
ÃÛáõÝ/׳é. ~ grass ó³×ñ Ëáï. in ~ ѳٳ- Ï³Ý áõÅÇ å³Ï³ë áõݻݳÉ/ϳñÇù ½·³É:
éáï, ϳñ× ³ë³Í. for ~ Ïñ׳ï. ~ man ϳñ- shortish [΄∫ɔ:ti∫] a ϳñ׳íáõÝ, ϳñ×ÉÇÏ:
׳ѳë³Ï Ù³ñ¹. a ~ way off áã Ñ»éáõ. take a short-list [΄∫ɔ:tlist] 1. v ÁÝïñÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ óáõ-
~ cut ϳñ× ×³Ý³å³ñÑáí ·Ý³É. little ~ of ó³Ï ϳ½Ù»É. He was ~ed ܳ ÁÝïñÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ
ѳٳñÛ³. It is little ~ of foolishness ¸³ ѳ- óáõó³ÏáõÙ ¿ñ. 2. n ÁÝïñÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ í»ñç-
Ù³ñÛ³ ÑÇÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ¿. to cut ~ ϳñ× ³ë³Í. Ý³Ï³Ý óáõó³Ï:
(ϳñ×, ϳñ×³ï¨ Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÇ Ù³ëÇÝ) a ~ short-lived [‚∫ɔ:t΄livd] a ϳñ×³ï¨ ÏÛ³Ýù
holiday ϳñ×³ï¨ ³ñÓ³Ïáõñ¹. Time is get- áõÝ»óáÕ, í³Õ³ÝóÇÏ. ßáõï ÷ã³óáÕ
ting ~ øÇã Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ¿ ÙÝáõÙ. (ÏáåÇï) a ~
(Ùûñù):
temper ¹Ûáõñ³·ñ·Çé. be ~ with smn ÏáåÇï
shortly [΄∫ɔ:tli] adv ßáõïáí. ϳñ×. ѳÏÇñ×.
Ëáë»É. (å³Ï³ë, áã μ³í³ñ³ñ) ~ supply áã
ëáõñ Ï»ñåáí, Ëáñ, Ïáåïáñ»Ý. He is coming
μ³í³ñ³ñ Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñáõÙ. be ~ of ϳñÇù
~ ܳ ßáõïáí Ï·³. ~ before/after ¹ñ³ÝÇó ÙÇ
áõݻݳÉ. run ~ of í»ñç³Ý³É. be ~ of breath
÷áùñ ³é³ç/Ñ»ïá£
ßÝã³ëå³é ÉÇÝ»É. give ~ weight/change å³-
ϳë Ïßé»É, Ù³ÝñÁ å³Ï³ë ï³É. fall ~
short-sighted [‚∫ɔ:t΄saitid] a ϳñ׳ï»ë.
÷Ëμ. ³ÝÑ»é³ï»ë:
Ñáõë³Ë³μ ³Ý»É. ~ integer ÑÙÏñ·. ÷áùñ ³Ù-
μáÕç ÃÇí:
short-spoken [‚∫ɔ:t΄spəukən] a ѳÏÇñ×,
ϳñ× áõ ÏïñáõÏ:
short [∫ɔ:t] adv ѳÝϳñͳÏÇ. ÏïñáõÏ. stop ~
ÏïñáõÏ Ï³Ý· ³éÝ»É. cut smb ~ (Ù»ÏÇ)
short-tempered [‚∫ɔ:t΄tempəd] a ¹Ûáõñ³-
·ñ·Çé, ³Ý½áõëå:
ËáëùÁ ÏïñáõÏ Áݹѳï»É. cut a trip ~ áõÕ¨á-
ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ Áݹѳï»É. go/run ~ å³Ï³ë(Á)
short-term [‚∫ɔ:t΄tə:m] a ϳñ׳ï¨, ³Ýóá-
áõݻݳÉ/½·³É: ÕÇÏ. ųٳݳϳíáñ. a ~ loan ϳñ׳ï¨
short [∫ɔ:t] n ¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³Ý ϳñ× ÙdzóáõÙ. í³ñÏ. the ~ weather forecast Ùáï³Ï³ ûñ»ñÇ
~s ÏÇë³í³ñïÇù, ϳñ× ß³Éí³ñ. ïÕ³Ù³ñ- »Õ³Ý³ÏÇ ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ£
¹áõ Ý»ñùݳ½·»ëï: short-wave [‚∫ɔ:t΄weiv] a é³¹. ϳñ׳ÉÇù:
shortage [΄∫ɔ:tidз] n å³Ï³ëáõÃÛáõÝ, ϳñÇù, short-winded [‚∫ɔ:t΄windid] a ßÝã³ñ·»Éáõ-
å³Ï³ë. ³Ýμ³í³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. the housing/ ÃÛ³Ùμ ï³é³åáÕ:
food ~ μݳϳñ³ÝÇ/ëÝáõÝ¹Ç å³Ï³ë. ~ of shot I [∫ɒt] n Ïñ³Ïáó, Ïñ³ÏáóÇ Ó³ÛÝ. (ýáïá)
staff ϳ¹ñ»ñÇ å³Ï³ë. There was no ~ of in- Éáõë³Ýϳñ. (ÏÇÝá) ϳ¹ñ. hear ~s Ïñ³ÏáóÇ
formation î»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛ³Ý å³Ï³ë ãϳñ: Ó³ÛÝ»ñ Éë»É. without firing a ~ ³é³Ýó ÙÇ
shortbread, shortcake [΄∫ɔ:tbred, Ïñ³ÏáóÇ. a random ~ å³ï³Ñ³Ï³Ý Ïñ³-
΄∫ɔ:tkeik] n ÷ËñáõÝ Ï³ñϳݹ³Ï/ÃËí³Íù: Ïáó. a space ~ ïÇ»½»ñ³Ï³Ý ÃéÇãù. (Ññ³-
short-circuit [‚∫ɔ:t΄sə:kit] n ¿É. ϳñ× ÓÇ·, Ý»ï³ÓÇ·) a crack/sure ~ ¹ÇåáõÏ Ý»ï³-
ÙdzóáõÙ: ÓÇ·. a big ~ ÷Ëμ., ÍÕñ. »ñ¨»ÉÇ Ù³ñ¹. have
shortcoming [΄∫ɔ:tkΛmiŋ] n å³Ï³ëáõ- /take/try a ~ ÷áñÓ»É. have a ~ of skiing ÷áñÓ»É
ÃÛáõÝ, ûñáõÃÛáõÝ: ¹³ÑáõÏ ùß»É. (Ïé³ÑáõÙ, ·áõß³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ)
shortcut [΄∫ɔ:tkΛt] n ³Ù»Ý³Ï³ñ× Ñ»é³íá- make a good/bad ~ ·ÉËÇ (ã)ÁÝÏÝ»É, (ã)·áõ-
ñáõÃÛáõÝ/׳ݳå³ñÑ. ³Ù»Ý³ùÇã ųٳ- ߳ϻÉ. ÷Ëμ., ËëÏó. be off like a ~ ·Ý¹³ÏÇ
Ý³Ï ¨ ç³Ýù»ñ å³Ñ³ÝçáÕ Ù»Ãá¹/ï»ë³Ï. ÝÙ³Ý ¹áõñë ÃéÝ»É. a ~ in the dark Ïñ³Ïáó
take a ~ ³Ù»Ý³Ï³ñ× ×³Ý³å³ñÑÝ/áõÕÇÝ ÙÃáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç (ݳ¨ ÷Ëμ.). Ùñ½. ѳñí³Í.
ÁÝïñ»É. ÑÙÏñ·. ¹Ûáõñ³ÝóáõÙ: disguised ~ ùáÕ³ñÏí³Í/˳μáõëÇÏ Ñ³ñ-
shorten [΄∫ɔ:tn] v Ïñ׳ï(í)»É, ϳñ׳ݳÉ, í³Í. drop ~ ϳñ׳óí³Í ѳñí³Í. putting
ϳñ׳óÝ»É. ë»ÕÙ»É, ÷áùñ³óÝ»É. ~ a jour- the ~ Ùñ½. ·Ý¹Ç ÑñáõÙ. a ~ at goal ¹³ñ-
ney/a story ׳Ù÷áñ¹áõÃÛáõÝÁ/å³ïÙí³ÍùÁ å³ëÇÝ/·áÉ Ë÷»É. Good ~ ! ȳí ѳñí³Í.
ϳñ׳óÝ»É: (ëñëÏáõÙ) a ~ of Ý»ñ³ñÏáõÙ:
shot II 745 show-case

shot II [∫ɒt] n ѳßÇí ÑÛáõñ³ÝáóáõÙ. pay one’s ׳ݳå³ñÑÇó Ù³ùñ»É. ~ coal to the fire
~ í׳ñ»É, ѳßÇíÁ ÷³Ï»É: Ïñ³ÏÇ íñ³ ³ÍáõË ÉóÝ»É:
shot-gun [΄∫ɒtgΛn] n áñëáñ¹³Ï³Ý Ññ³ó³Ý: show [∫əu] n óáõó³¹ñáõÙ, óáõó³Ñ³Ý¹»ë.
should [∫ud, ∫əd] aux v (condit). I ~n’t be sur- dog/flower/art ~ ßÝ»ñÇ /ͳÕÇÏÝ»ñÇ óáõó³¹-
prised if ...ºë ã¿Ç ½³ñٳݳ. »Ã»... (modal) ñáõÙ. ·»Õ³ñí»ëï³Ï³Ý óáõó³Ñ³Ý¹»ë.
åÇïÇ, å»ïù ¿, ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï ¿ You ~ not do fashion ~ Ýáñ³Ó¨áõÃÛ³Ý óáõó³¹ñáõÙ. ~ pie-
that ¸áõù ¹³ ãå»ïù ¿ ³Ý»Çù. (å³ñ- ce óáõó³÷»ÕÏ. be on ~ óáõó³¹ñí»É. live ~
ï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ) You ~ go to the doctor ä»ïù áõÕÕ³ÏÇ Ñ»é³ñÓ³ÏáõÙ. a ~ of force áõÅÇ
¿ áñ μÅßÏÇ ·Ý³ë. (ѳí³Ý³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ) He óáõó³¹ñáõÙ the ~ of hands Ó»éù μ³ñÓñ³ó-
~ be there now гí³Ý³μ³ñ ݳ ³ñ¹»Ý Ý»ÉÁ. (³é»ñ¨áõÛà μ³Ý, ˳μáõëÇÏáõÃÛáõÝ)
³ÛÝï»Õ ¿. He said he ~ be at home next week make a ~ of Ó¨³Ý³É. ï»ë³ñ³Ý ë³ñù»É. do
²ë³ó, áñ ѳçáñ¹ ß³μ³Ã ï³ÝÁ ÏÉÇÝÇ. ~ smth for ~ óáõó³¹ñ³μ³ñ ÙÇ μ³Ý ³Ý»É. It’s
like ß³ï áõ½»Ý³É: all just a ~ ËëÏó. ³Ûë μáÉáñÁ å³ñ½³å»ë Ó¨
shoulder [΄∫əuldə] n áõë. ÃdzÏ. broad/slop- ¿. óïñ., ÏÇÝá (Ý»ñϳ۳óáõÙ, 뻳Ýë):
ing/narrow ~s ɳÛÝ/ ûù/ Ý»Õ áõë»ñ. carry on Have you seen any good ~ lately? ì»ñç»ñë
one’s ~s áõë»ñÇ íñ³ Ïñ»É. ~ to ~ áõë-áõëÇ áñ¨¿ ɳí Ý»ñϳ۳óáõÙ ï»ë»±É »ë. tickets for
round ~s ÏÉáñ/Ïáñ³ó³Í áõë»ñ, Ïáõ½ÇÏ. give the last ~ í»ñçÇÝ ë»³ÝëÇ ïáÙë»ñ. run the ~
one the cold ~ ÷Ëμ. ë³éÝ ÁݹáõÝ»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ ËëÏó. ϳñ·³¹ñÇãÁ ÉÇÝ»É. put up a good ~
óáõÛó ï³É. put out/dislocate one’s ~ áõëÁ Çñ»Ý É³í ¹ñë¨áñ»É. She stûle the ~ ܳ μá-
¹áõñë ·ó»É. shrug one’s ~s áõë»ñÁ ÃáÃí»É. ÉáñÇÝ ëïí»ñÇ ï³Ï ÃáÕ»ó/·»ñ³½³Ýó»ó:
straight from the ~ ÷Ëμ. ³ÝÏ»ÕÍáñ»Ý, μ³- show [∫əu] v óáõÛó ï³É, óáõó³¹ñ»É. as shown
ó»Çμ³ó. rub ~s with ѳÕáñ¹³Ïóí»É, ß÷í»É. ÇÝãå»ë óáõÛó ¿ ïñí³Í. The figures ~ a loss
~ blade ϽÙË. ÃdzÏ. ~ strap áõë³Ï³å, Âí»ñÁ óáõÛó »Ý ï³ÉÇë/ÝßáõÙ »Ý Ïñ³Í
áõë³¹Çñ: íݳëÝ»ñÁ. ~ signs of joy/surprise áõñ³Ëáõ-
shoulder-belt [΄∫əuldəbelt] n ɳÝç³·áïÇ, ÃÛ³Ý/½³ñÙ³ÝùÇ Ýß³ÝÝ»ñ óáõÛó ï³É.
áõë³÷áÏ: (áõÕ»Ïó»É) He ~ed me to my place ܳ ÇÝÓ ÇÙ
shout [∫aut] n ·áéáó, μ³ñÓñ³Ó³ÛÝ Ï³Ýã. ï»ÕÝ áõÕ»Ïó»ó. (óáõó³¹ñ»É) ~ paintings/
³Õ³Õ³Ï. ~s of applause/protest Ññ×í³ÝùÇ dogs ÝϳñÝ»ñ/ßÝ»ñ óáõó³¹ñ»É. ~ preference
μ³ó³Ï³ÝãáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. μáÕáùÇ ×Çã»ñ. ~s of ݳ˳å³ïíáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É. ~ courage Ëǽ³-
joy/laughter áõñ³ËáõÃÛ³Ý/ÍÇͳÕÇ åáéÃ- ËáõÃÛáõÝ óáõó³¹ñ»É. ~ no signs of life ÏÛ³Ý-
ÏáõÙÝ»ñ: ùÇ Ýß³ÝÝ»ñ ãóáõó³μ»ñ»É. He doesn’t ~ his
shout [∫aut] v μÕ³í»É, ·áé³É, ϳÝã»É. The face ÷Ëμ. (áã ÙÇ ï»Õ) âÇ »ñ¨áõÙ. ~ one’s
crowd ~ed him down ²ÙμáËÁ μÕ³í»Éáí cards ˳ճÃÕûñÁ μ³ó»É. ~ a clean pair of
Éé»óñ»ó Ýñ³ Ó³ÛÝÁ. Don’t ~ at me ! ØÇ° ·áé³ heels ÷Ëμ. ³ñ³· ÷³Ëáõëï ï³É. ßï³åáí
ÇÝÓ íñ³. ~ for help û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³Ýã»É: ÍÉÏ»É. The scar still ~s êåÇÝ ¹»é ÝϳïíáõÙ
shouting [΄∫autiŋ] n ×Çã, ³Õ³Õ³Ï. μ³ó³- ¿. Where is the film ~ing? àñï»±Õ ¿ ³Û¹ ýÇÉ-
ϳÝãáõÃÛáõÝ: ÙÁ óáõó³¹ñíáõÙ. ~ in/into Ý»ñë áõÕ»Ïó»É/
shove [∫Λv] n ÑñáõÙ. one more ~ ¨ë Ù»Ï ÑñáõÙ: Ññ³íÇñ»É. ~ into the study ³ß˳ï³ë»ÝÛ³Ï
shove [∫Λv] v Ññ»É, μáûÉ. ~ aside ÙÇ ÏáÕÙ Ññ³íÇñ»É. ~ off Çñ»Ý óáõÛó ï³É. ³ãù»ñÇÝ
Ññ»É. (ÙïóÝ»É, ËóÏ»É) He ~d a packet into my Ãá½ ÷ã»É. ~ off one’s knowledge ·Çï»ÉÇùÝ»-
hand ܳ Ó»éùÇë Ù»ç ÷³Ã»Ã ËóÏ»ó. Don’t ñÁ óáõó³¹ñ»É. ~ out ¹áõñë ³é³çÝáñ-
~! ØÇ° Ññ»ù. ~ back Ñ»ï ï³Ý»É. ~ back the ¹»É/áõÕ»Ïó»É. S~ him out ¸áõñë ï³ñ»ù
table ë»Õ³ÝÁ Ñ»ï ï³Ý»É. ~ off Ñ»ï Ññ»É. ~ Ýñ³Ý. ~ through ï³ÏÇó/ÙÇçÇó »ñ¨³É. The
a boat off ݳí³ÏÁ ³÷Çó Ññ»É. ~ off! ËëÏó. paint ~s through î³ÏÇó »ñ¨áõÙ ¿ Ý»ñÏÁ. ~ up
ÎáñÇ°ñ ³Ûëï»ÕÇó: óáõó³¹ñ»É. »ñ¨³É, ѳÛïÝí»É. He didn’t ~ up
shovel [΄∫Λvl] n ÃÇ, ÃdzÏ. ß»ñ»÷ (¿ùë- at dinner ܳ ãѳÛïÝí»ó ׳ßÇÝ:
ϳí³ïáñÇ). ·á·³ÃdzÏ, ·á·³ÃÇ. μ³Ñ: show-boat [΄∫əubəut] n ÉáÕ³óáÕ Ã³ïñáÝ
shovel [΄∫Λvl] v ÃdzÏáí/μ³Ñáí ѳí³- (ݳí):
ù»É/ÏÇï»É/Ý»ï»É. ~ snow off the path ÓÛáõÝÁ show-case [΄∫əukeis] n óáõó³÷»ÕÏ:
show-down 746 shrubby

show-down [΄∫əudaun] n ˳ճÃÕûñÁ (Ë»Éù). ëó÷. be very ~ ß³ï Ëáñ³Ã³-


μ³ó»ÉÁ. Ùïù»ñÇ ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ ÷á˳ݳÏáõÙ. ÷³Ýó ÉÇÝ»É. ~ reasoning ëáõñ/ëó÷ ¹³ïá-
÷Ëμ. Çñ ·³ÕïÝÇùÝ»ñÁ ѳÛïÝÇ ¹³ñÓÝ»É. ÕáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ remark/observer ¹ÇåáõÏ ¹Çïá-
If it comes to a ~ ºÃ» ëïÇåí³Í ÉÇݻ٠ÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ëñ³Ã³÷³Ýó/Ýáõñμ/¹Çïáñ¹ a ~
ù³ñï»ñë μ³ó»É. I had a ~ with my boss guess μ³í³Ï³Ý ×ß·ñÇï ϳÝ˳·áõß³ÏáõÙ:
Èáõñç Ëáë³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»ó³ ß»ýÇë Ñ»ï: shrewish [΄∫ru:i∫] a Ïéí³ñ³ñ, Ïéí³ë»ñ,
shower [΄∫auə] n (ݳ¨ a ~ of rain) ï»Õ³ï³- ÷ÝÃ÷ÝóÝ:
ñ³÷ ³ÝÓñ¨. a light/heavy ~ ûè ³ÝÓñ¨/ï»- shriek [∫ri:k] n ëáõñ ×Çã, ×Õ³íáÕ. a ~ of pain
Õ³ï³ñ³÷. (óÝóáõÕ) take/have a ~ óÝóáõÕ ó³íÇ ×Çã. ~s of laughter ÍÇͳÕÇ åáéÃÏáõÙ-
ÁݹáõÝ»É. (ï³ñ³÷) a ~ of bullets/arrows/ Ý»ñ:
blows/stones/questions ·Ý¹³ÏÝ»ñÇ/Ý»ï»ñÇ/ shriek [∫ri:k] v ëáõñ ×Çã ³ñӳϻÉ, ·áé³É,
ѳñí³ÍÝ»ñÇ/ù³ñ»ñÇ/ѳñó»ñÇ ï³ñ³÷: ×Õ³í»É. ~ with pain/laughter ó³íÇó ×ã³É,
shower [΄∫auə] v Ñáñ¹³é³ï ï»Õ³É, íñ³Ý ÍÇͳÕÇó åáéÃϳÉ:
ï»Õ³É. ï³ñ³÷ ï»Õ³É. ~ blows/honours on shrill [∫ril] a ½ÇÉ, ëáõñ, ³Ï³Ýç ͳÏáÕ. a ~
smb ѳñí³ÍÝ»ñ ï»Õ³É. ѳñ·³ÝùÝ»ñ Ù³- voice/whistle ëáõñ Ó³ÛÝ, ½ÇÉ ëáõÉáó:
ïáõó»É. ~ with gifts/invitations/questions Ýí»ñ- shrimp [∫rimp] n Íáí., ϻݹ. Íáí³Ë»ó·»-
Ý»ñÇ/Ññ³í»ñÝ»ñÇ/ѳñó»ñÇ ï³ñ³÷ ï»- ïÇÝ. ýáõÏ, ·³×³×. åëïÉÇÏ:
Õ³É: shrine [∫rain] n ³×Ûáõݳë³÷áñ, Ù³ëáõÝù-
shower-bath [΄∫auəba:θ] n óÝóáõÕ, çñϳÉ: Ý»ñÇ ï³å³Ý³Ï. μÝëï. ï³×³ñ, ëñμ³-
shower cubicle [΄∫auəkju:bikl] n Éá- í³Ûñ. ëñμáõÃÛáõÝ:
Õ³ËóÇÏ: shrink [∫riŋk] v ݻճݳÉ, ϳñ׳ݳÉ.
showering n ¹»é¨ë ãÍÝí³Í Ûáà ³Ùë»Ï³Ý ÙïÝ»É (ÏïáñÁ). ~ in the wash Éí³Ý³Éáõó
»ñ»Ë³ÛÇÝ Ýí»ñÝ»ñÇ Ù³ïáõóáõÙ (²ØÜ): ÙïÝ»É. ~ at a touch (ÑåáõÙÇó) Ïáõã ·³É,
showerproof [΄∫auəpru:f] a ³Ýçñ³ÝóÇÏ. a ÏÍÏí»É. Metals ~ when cooled ê³é»óÝ»Éáõó
~ coat ³Ýçñ³ÝóÇÏ ÃÇÏÝáó/í»ñ³ñÏáõ: Ù»ï³ÕÝ»ñÁ ϳñ׳ÝáõÙ »Ý. (Ëáõë³÷»É,
showery [΄∫auəri] a ³ÝÓñ¨áï, ³ÝÓñ¨³ÛÇÝ. ~ ËáõÛë ï³É) I ~ from telling her Ëáõë³÷áõÙ
weather ³ÝÓñ¨³ÛÇÝ »Õ³Ý³Ï. It looks ~ »Ù Ýñ³Ý ¹³ ³ë»É. ~ from society ѳë³-
ϳñÍ»ë ³ÝÓñ¨ ¿ ëå³ëíáõÙ: ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÇó ËáõÛë ï³É. ~ into oneself Çñ
showman [΄∫əumən] n óáõó³Ñ³Ý¹»ë/óáõ- Ù»ç ³Ù÷á÷í»É. My income has shrunk ÷Ëμ.
ó³¹ñáõÙ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåáÕ ³ÝÓ. ÆÙ »Ï³ÙáõïÁ å³Ï³ë»É ¿:
í³ñáÕ: shrinkage [΄∫riŋkidз] n Ïñ׳ïáõÙ,
show-off [΄∫əuɒf] n ËëÏó. å³ñÍ»ÝÏáï/ ë»ÕÙí»ÉÁ, ÏÍÏí»ÉÁ:
»ñ¨³Ï³ÛáÕ ³ÝÓ: shrive [∫raiv] v »Ï»Õ. Ëáëïáí³Ýí»É, Ù»Õ-
showpiece [΄∫əupi:s] n óáõó³ÝÙáõß: ù»ñÇ ÃáÕáõÃÛáõÝ Ëݹñ»É. Ëáëïáí³Ýáõ-
show-room [΄∫əuru:m] n óáõó³Ñ³Ý¹»ëÇ ÃÛ³Ý »ÝóñÏ»É, Ù»Õù»ñÇÝ ÃáÕáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É:
ëñ³Ñ, óáõó³¹ñÙ³Ý ¹³ÑÉÇ×: shrivel [΄∫rivl] v ËáñßáÙ»É, ÏÝ×éáïí»É,
show-window [‚∫əu΄windəu] n óáõó³÷»ÕÏ: ÏÍÏí»É, ãáñ³Ý³É. ~ed óé³Ù³Í μ³Ýç³ñ»-
showy [΄∫əui] a ·áõݳ·»Õ. ×áË, ÷³ñóÙ. Õ»Ý:
ã³÷³½³Ýó í³é, ³ãù ͳÏáÕ. shroud [∫raud] n å³ï³Ý, å³ï³Ýù. ÷Ëμ.
shred [∫red] 1. n Ïïáñ, Íí»Ý, ɳÃ, å³ï³- ͳÍÏáó. a ~ of mist/snow ÓÛ³Ý Í³ÍÏáó,
éÇÏ. tear the letter to ~s ݳٳÏÁ Ïïáñ-Ïïáñ ÙßáõßÇ å³ñáõñáõÙ:
³Ý»É. The coat was ripped to ~s ì»ñ³ñÏáõÝ shroud [∫raud] v å³ï³ÝÇ Ù»ç ¹Ý»É. óùó-
å³ï³éáïí»É ¿ñ. There is no ~ of evidence Ý»É, ͳÍÏ»É. ~ed in mist Ùßáõßáí å³-
гÝó³Ýß³ÝÇ áã ÙÇ Ñ»ïù/ÝßáõÛÉ ãϳ. 2. v ñáõñí³Í. ~ in mystery ·³ÕïÝÇùáí å³ï³Í:
å³ï³éáï»É, Íí»Ý-Íí»Ý ³Ý»É. Ïáïáñ»É Shrovetide [΄∫rəuvtaid] n ´³ñ»Ï»Ý¹³Ý:
(ϳճÙμÁ): shrub [∫rΛb] n Ãáõ÷:
shrew [∫ru:] n ³ÝÑݳ½³Ý¹/ ϳٳÏáñ/ ³Ý- shrubbery [΄∫rΛbəri] n Ã÷áõï, Ù³ó³éáõï,
ë³ÝÓ ÏÇÝ: Ã÷»ñ:
shrewd [∫ru:d] a Ëáñ³Ã³÷³Ýó, ëáõñ shrubby [΄∫rΛbi] a Ã÷»ñáí ͳÍÏí³Í:
shrug 747 sicken

shrug [∫rΛg] n ÃáÃíáõÙ, ÃáÃí»ÉÁ (áõë»ñÇ): (ïÝ»ñáí ¨ ³ÛÉÝ). The village is ~ in by moun-
shrug [∫rΛg] v ÃáÃí»É. He ~ged his shoulders tains ¶ÛáõÕÁ ßñç³å³ïí³Í ¿ É»éÝ»ñáí ~ out
ܳ áõë»ñÁ ÃáÃí»ó. You can‘t ~ that off so Ý»ñë ãÃáÕÝ»É, ÷³Ï»É. ³ñ·»É»É, ÃáõÛÉ ãï³É.
lightly ¸ñ³ÝÇó ³Û¹å»ë Ñ»ßïáõÃÛ³Ùμ ãÇ ~ out noise ³ÕÙáõÏÁ ËɳóÝ»É. ~ out the view
ϳñ»ÉÇ ³½³ïí»É: ï»ë³ñ³ÝÁ ÷³Ï»É. ~ up ÷³Ï»É, ͳÍÏ»É.
shrunken [΄∫rΛŋkən] a ÏÝ×éáïí³Í, μ³Ýï³ñÏ»É. He was ~ up in the prison Üñ³Ý
ËáñßáÙ³Í, óé³Ù³Í: μ³Ýï³ñÏ»óÇÝ. ~ up ! Ò³Ûݹ ÏïñÇ°ñ, μ»-
shuck [∫Λk] n ϻը, å³ïÇ×. Not worth ~s ! ñ³Ý¹ ÷³ÏÇ°ñ:
ØÇ ùáé Ïáå»Ï ã³ñÅ», ¸³ï³ñÏ μ³Ý ¿: shut-down [΄∫Λtdaun] n ÷³ÏáõÙ. ³Ýç³-
shudder [΄∫Λdə] n ë³ñëáõé, ¹áÕ: ïáõÙ. é³¹ÇáѳÕáñ¹áõÙÝ»ñÇ ³Ýç³ïáõÙ:
shudder [΄∫Λdə] v ¹áÕ³É, ë³ñëé»É, ë³ñëáõé shutter [΄∫Λtə] n ÷»ÕÏ, ÷³Ïáó³÷»ÕÏ.
½·³É. ~ with cold óñïÇó ¹áÕ³É. ~ to think ϳ÷³ñÇã, Ëáõ÷. ÉëÝÏ. ÷³Ï³Ý³Ï put up the
~s ÷»ÕÏ»ñÁ ÷³Ï»É. ÷Ëμ. Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ
ÉáÏ ÙïùÇó ë³ñëé»É:
÷³Ï»É:
shuffle [΄∫Λfl] n ùëïùëïáó, ùëïùëïáóáí
ù³ÛÉ»ÉÁ. (˳ճÃÕûñ) ˳éÝ»ÉÁ give the
shuttle [΄∫Λtl]1. n Ù³ùáù. ÷Ëμ. Ù»ñÓù³Õ³-
ù³ÛÇÝ ·Ý³óù. ~ service ϳÝáݳíáñ Ï»ñ-
cards a good ~ ù³ñï»ñÁ ÙÇ É³í ˳éÝ»É. a
åáí Ñ»ïáõ³é³ç ß³ñÅíáÕ ïñ³Ýëåáñï. ~
cabinet ~ ÷Ëμ. ϳμÇÝ»ïÇ ³Ý¹³ÙÝ»ñÇ ï»-
train Ù»ñÓù³Õ³ù³ÛÇÝ ·Ý³óù. ~ man ϳ-
Õ³÷áËáõÙÝ»ñ£
Ýáݳíáñ Ï»ñåáí Ñ»ïáõ³é³ç ß³ñÅíáÕ
shuffle [΄∫Λfl] v áïù»ñÁ ùëïùëï³óÝ»É. ³é¨ïñ³Ï³Ý: 2. v Ñ»ïáõ³é³ç ß³ñÅí»É.
ÃÕÃË. ˳éÝ»É. ï»Õ»ñÁ ÷áË»É. He ~d to the
The ferry ~s between the ports ȳëï³Ý³íÁ
bookcase ܳ ùëïùëï³óÝ»Éáí Ùáï»ó³í
»ñè»ÏáõÙ ¿ ݳí³Ñ³Ý·ÇëïÝ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨:
å³Ñ³ñ³ÝÇÝ ~ one’s papers ÃÕûñÁ ³ãùÇ
shuttlecock [΄∫Λtlkɒk] n ÷»ïñ³·Ý¹³Ï:
³ÝóϳóÝ»É:
shy [∫ai ]1. a ³Ù³ãÏáï, ³ÙáÃ˳Í. í³ËÏáï,
shuffler [΄∫Λflə] n ÃÕó˳ÕÇ Ë³Õ³ÃÕûñÁ »ñÏãáï, ËñïÝáÕ (ϻݹ³ÝÇ). be ~ of ãѳ-
˳éÝáÕ. ÷Ëμ. ˳ñ¹³Ë, ˳μ»μ³: Ù³ñÓ³Ïí»É, ù³çáõÃÛáõÝ ãáõݻݳÉ. feel ~
shun [∫Λn] v Ëáõë³÷»É, ½·áõ߳ݳÉ, Ñ»éáõ í³ñ³Ý»É, ³ÝѳñÙ³ñ ½·³É. 2. v í³Ë»Ý³É,
ϻݳÉ. ~ society/ temptation ѳë³ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõ- Ñ»ï ó³ïÏ»É. ËñïÝ»É. The horse shied at
ÝÇó/·³ÛóÏÕáõÃÛáõÝÇó Ëáõë³÷»É. He is ÒÇÝ ËñïÝ»ó£
~ned by all decent people γñ·ÇÝ Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ Siamese [‚saiə΄mi:z] n ~ twins ëdzٳϳÝ
Ýñ³ÝÇó Ëáõë³÷áõÙ »Ý: »ñÏíáñÛ³ÏÝ»ñ.
Shun [∫Λn] int (Ïñ×. attention-Çó) ¼·³°ëï: sibilant [΄sibilənt] n É»½í. ß÷³Ï³Ý/ëáõɳ-
shunt [∫Λnt] n »ñÏÃ. áõÕ»÷áË ëɳù. Ï³Ý ÑÝãÛáõÝ:
(·Ý³óùÁ) å³Ñ»ëï³ÛÇÝ ·ÇÍ áõÕ³ñÏ»ÉÁ. ¿É. sick [sik] 1. a ÑÇí³Ý¹. be ~ ëñï˳éÝáó
½áõ·³Ñáë³É³ñ, ¿É»Ïïñ³×ÛáõÕ³íáñáõÙ: áõݻݳÉ. fall/turn ~ ÑÇí³Ý¹³Ý³É. It makes
shunt [∫Λnt] v »ñÏñáñ¹ å³Ñ»ëï³ÛÇÝ ·ÇÍ me ~ ¸ñ³ÝÇó ëÇñïë ˳éÝáõÙ ¿. be ~ of
÷á˳¹ñ(í)»É. Ñ»ï³Ó·»É, Ù³Ñáõ¹Ç ï³Ï smth Ïßï³ó³Í/½½í³Í ÉÇÝ»É. be ~ at heart
¹Ý»É. ³ÛÉ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ ÷á˳¹ñ»É: ïËñ»É, óËÍ»É. You make me ~ ¸áõ ÇÝÓ
shunter [΄∫Λntə] n »ñÏÃ. ëɳù³í³ñ. ϳ- Ó³ÝÓñ³óñÇñ. ~ jokes ¹³Å³Ý ϳï³ÏÝ»ñ.
é³ËáõÙμ, ·Ý³óù ϳ½ÙáÕ: ~ humour u¨ ÑáõÙáñ. ~ pay ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛ³Ý
shut [∫Λt] v ͳÍÏ»É, ÷³Ï»É, ÏáÕå»É. ~ the Ýå³ëï, í׳ñáõÙ ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛ³Ý Ã»ñÃÇ-
window/door å³ïáõѳÝÁ/¹áõéÁ ÷³Ï»É. ~ Ïáí. 2. n the ~ ÑÇí³Ý¹Ý»ñÁ:
the finger in the door Ù³ïÁ ¹é³Ý Ù»ç ÙݳÉ. ~ sickbay [΄sikbei] n Ù»Ïáõë³ñ³Ý (¹åñáóáõÙ):
one’s eyes to everything ³Ù»Ý ÇÝãÇ íñ³ ³ãù sick-bed [΄sikbed] n ÑÇí³Ý¹Ç ³ÝÏáÕÇÝ:
÷³Ï»É. She ~ her ears to all our appeals ܳ sicken [΄sikn] v ÑÇí³Ý¹ ÉÇÝ»É, ÑÇí³Ý¹³Ý³É.
ËáõÉ Ùݳó Ù»ñ μáÉáñ Ñáñ¹áñÝ»ñÇ Ýϳï- ëñï˳éÝáó/½½í³Ýù ½·³É. Ñá·Ý»óÝ»É,
Ù³Ùμ. ~ down ³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ ¹³¹³ñ»óÝ»É, Ó³ÝÓñ³óÝ»É. Cruelty ~s me ¸³Å³ÝáõÃÛáõ-
Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÷³Ï»É. They are ~ting ÝÇó ·³ñßáõÙ »Ù. The professor ~ed of their be-
down the factory Üñ³Ýù ÷³ÏáõÙ »Ý ·áñ- haviour äñáý»ëáñÇÝ ½½í»óñ»ó Ýñ³Ýó
ͳñ³ÝÁ. be ~ in ßñç³å³ïí³Í ÉÇÝ»É í³ñùÁ:
sickening 748 siesta

sickening [΄sikniŋ] a ÷Ëμ., ËëÏó. ·³ñß»ÉÇ, ÏáÕÙݳÛÇÝ ¿ý»Ïï. 2. v ~ with smb Ù»ÏÇ
ÝáÕϳÉÇ: ÏáÕÙÁ μéÝ»É:
sickle [΄sikl] n ٳݷ³Õ: side bar [said ba] ÑÙÏñ·. ÏáÕÙݳ·áïÇ:
sick-leave [΄sikli:v] n ³ñÓ³Ïáõñ¹ ÑÇí³Ý- sideboard [΄saidbɔ:d] n ëå³ëù»Õ»ÝÇ å³-
¹áõÃÛ³Ý å³ï׳éáí: ѳñ³Ý, μáõý»ï:
sick list [΄siklist] n ³Ý³ß˳ïáõݳÏáõÃÛ³Ý side car [΄saidka:] n ÙáïáóÇÏÉ»ïÇ ³Ýí³-
ûñÃÇÏ. be on ~ μÛáõÉ»ï»Ýáí/³Ý³ß˳ïáõ- ϳéù:
ݳÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ã»ñÃÇÏáí ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇó sideface [΄saidfeis] n åñáýÇÉ:
³½³ï ÉÇݻɣ sidelight [΄saidlait] n ³íïáÛÇ ³éç¨Ç ɳå-
sickly [΄sikli] a ÑÇí³Ý¹, í³ï³éáÕç, ÑÇí³Ý- ï»ñÇÏ, óáɳɳåï»ñ. Íáí. ÇÉÛáõÙÇݳïáñ,
¹áï. ~ smell ëñï˳éÝÇã Ñáï. ~ plant íïÇï Éáõë³ÝóáõÛó, ÏáÕÙݳÛÇÝ Éáõë³Ùáõï. ÷Ëμ.
μáõÛë. a ~ smile ÑÇí³Ý¹áï ÅåÇï. a ~ green ÉáõÛë ë÷éáÕ ÏáÕÙݳÏÇ ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
Ãáõݳíáñ ϳݳ㠷áõÛÝ: side-line [΄saidlain] n Ùñ½. ÏáÕÙݳÛÇÝ ·ÇÍ
sickness [΄siknəs] n ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝ, í³ï³- (˳ճ¹³ßïÇ). »ñÏñáñ¹ª ÏáÕÙݳÛÇÝ ×ÛáõÕ.
éáÕçáõÃÛáõÝ. ëñï˳éÝáó. absent because of ÏáÕÙݳÏÇ ³ß˳ï³Ýù/½μ³ÕÙáõÝù. He does
~ μ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛ³Ý å³ï- photography as a ~ Èáõë³ÝϳñãáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ýñ³
׳éáí. ~ benefit ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛ³Ý Ýå³ëï. in- ÏáÕÙݳÏÇ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÝ ¿:
herited ~ ųé³Ý·³Ï³Ý ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝ: side-long [΄saidlɒŋ] 1. a ß»Õ, ûù, Íáõé. 2.
side [said] n ÏáÕÙ, ï»ë³Ï»ï. blank ~ ÃáõÛÉ adv ËáïáñݳÏÇ, ߻ճÏÇ, ûù. a ~ glance
ÏáÕÙÁ. blind ~ ÃáõÛÉ ï»ÕÁ. the seamy/wrong ~ ߻ճÏÇ Ñ³Û³óù:
of the cloth ÏïáñÇ Ã³ñë ÏáÕÙÁ. on all ~s sidereal [sai΄diəriəl] a ³ëïÕ³ÛÇÝ (ï³ñÇ,
μáÉáñ ÏáÕÙ»ñÇó. on both ~s »ñÏáõ ÏáÕÙÇó. ~ ųٳݳÏ):
by ~ ÏáÕù-ÏáÕùÇ. toss from ~ to ~ ÏáÕùÇó side-saddle [΄said‚sædl] n ÏáճóÙμ,
ÏáÕù ßáõé ·³É. by my ~ ÇÙ ÏáÕùÇÝ. split one’s ϳݳóÇ Ã³Ùμ:
~s ÍÇͳÕÇó å³ÛûÉ. take ~s (Ù»ÏÇ) ÏáÕÙÁ sidesplitting [΄said‚splitiŋ] a ë³ëïÇÏ
μéÝ»É, ѳñ»É. from the ~ ÏáÕùÇó. the ~ of a ÍÇͳջÉÇ, ËÇëï ½í³ñ׳ÉÇ:
ship ݳíÇ ï³Ëï³Ï³Ù³ÍÁ. the ~s of a sidetrack [΄saidtræk] 1. n »ñÏÃ. å³Ñ»ë-
mountain É»é³Ý ɳÝç»ñÁ. on the near/off ~ of ï³ÛÇÝ ·ÇÍ, å³Ñ»ëïáõÕÇ. 2. v Ëáõë³÷»É,
the car Ù»ù»Ý³ÛÇ ³ç/Ó³Ë ÏáÕÙÇó. ~ effect ËáõÛë ï³É. áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ³ÛÉ ÏáÕ٠߻ջÉ.
ÏáÕÙݳÏÇ ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ. (ͳÛñ) the ~ of the He keeps ~ing ܳ ÙÇßï ß»ÕíáõÙ ¿ ÑÇÙݳϳÝ
road ׳ݳå³ñÑÇ Í³ÛñÁ/ÏáÕùÁ. the ~ of a ·ÍÇó:
lake/river ·»ï/É×Ç ³÷Á. “this ~ up “ (ٳϳ- side-view [΄saidvju:] n ï»ëùÁ ÏáÕùÇó, Ïá-
·ñáõÃÛáõÝ) í»ñÇÝ Ù³ëÁ. move to one ~ ÙÇ Õ³å³ïÏ»ñ:
ÏáÕÙ ù³ßí»É. put on one ~ ÙÇ ÏáÕÙ ¹Ý»É. sidewalk [΄saidwɔ:k] n Ù³ÛÃ:
(ËáõÙμ, ÏáÕÙ. Ùñ½. ÃÇÙ) the home ~ ¹³ßïÇ sideways [΄saidweiz] 1. adv ÙÇ ÏáÕÙ, ß»-
ï»ñ»ñÁ. our ~ Ù»ñ ÏáÕÙÁ. let the ~ down Õ³ÏÇ, ÏáÕùáí. 2. a ÙÇ ÏáÕÙ áõÕÕí³Í:
˳μ»É, ݻݷ»É, ÷áñÓ³ÝùÇ Ù»ç ·ó»É. faults side-whiskers [΄said‚wiskəz] n ³Ûï³Ùá-
on both ~s ë˳ÉÝ»ñ »ñÏáõ ÏáÕÙÇó. take smb’s ñáõù:
~ Ù»ÏÇ ÏáÕÙÁ μéÝ»É. ÷Ëμ. û·ï. good ~s of side-wind [΄saidwind] n ÷Ëμ. ÏáÕÙݳÏÇ
the character μݳíáñáõÃÛ³Ý É³í ÏáÕÙ»ñÁ. ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝ:
the bright ~ ¹ñ³Ï³Ý ÏáÕÙÁ. the other ~ of the side-winder [΄said‚waində] n ËëÏó. ³Ý-
picture ÝϳñÇ/Ù»¹³ÉÇ ÙÛáõë/ѳϳé³Ï ëå³ë»ÉÇ ßßÙ»óáõóÇã ѳñí³Í:
ÏáÕÙÁ. The dress is on the small ~ ÞáñÁ íñ³ë siding [΄saidiŋ] n »ñÏÃ. å³Ñ»ëï³ÛÇÝ áõÕÇ:
÷áùñ ¿/Ý»Õ ¿ He got on the wrong ~ of his boss siege [si:dз] n å³ß³ñáõÙ. lay a ~ å³ß³ñ»É. a
ãÇ ·áѳóñ»É Çñ ß»ýÇÝ. make a bit on the ~ state of ~ å³ß³ñáõÙ (íÇ׳ÏÁ). raise a ~ å³-
Éñ³óáõóÇã ÷áÕ í³ëï³Ï»É. He’s completely ß³ñáõÙÁ í»ñ³óÝ»É. stand a ~ å³ß³ñÙ³ÝÁ
without ~ ܳ/ ·áéá½/³Ùμ³ñï³í³Ý ã¿. a ~ ¹ÇٳݳÉ:
door/street ÏáÕùÇ ¹áõé. ÏáÕÙݳÛÇÝ ÷áÕáó. a sierra [si΄erə] n É»éݳßÕó:
~ issue/effect »ñÏñáñ¹³Ï³Ý ѳñó. siesta [si΄estə] n Ñ»ï׳ßÛ³ ѳݷÇëï:
sieve 749 significance

sieve [siv] 1. n Ù³Õ. ÷Ëμ. ß³ï³Ëáë, ß³- Ýß³ÝÝ»ñ. (óáõó³Ý³Ï) hotel ~ ÑÛáõñ³ÝáóÇ
Õ³Ïñ³ï. 2. v Ù³Õ»É, Ù³Õáí ³ÝóϳóÝ»É: óáõó³Ý³Ï. (Ñ»ïù) There is no ~ of àã ÙÇ
sift [sift] v Ù³Õ»É, Ù³Õáí ³ÝóϳóÝ»É. áõß³¹- Ñ»ïù ãϳ. . ~s of suffering ï³é³å³ÝùÇ
ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ í»ñÉáõÍ»É. íñ³Ý ³Ý»É, ß³Õ ï³É Ñ»ïù»ñ. a ~ of the times ųٳݳÏÇ
(ß³ù³ñÇ ÷áßÇ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ) ~ evidence Ù³Ýñ³- ËáñÑñ¹³Ýß³Ý. an unlucky ~ í³ï Ýß³Ý.
½ÝÇÝ í»ñÉáõÍ»É óáõóÙáõÝùÁ: μÅßÏ. (³Ëï³ÝÇß) ~s of smallpox ͳÕÇÏÇ
sigh [sai] n Ñá·áó, ѳé³ã. breath a ~ of relief ³Ëï³ÝÇßÝ»ñ. ~ posting Ýß³ÝÝ»ñ ÷³ÏóÝ»-
ûè³ó³Í ßáõÝã ù³ß»É: ÉÁ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ bit Ýß³ÝÇ Ï³ñ·. ~ number ÃÇí
sight [sait] 1. n ï»ëáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ï»ë³Ï»ï, Ýß³Ýáí:
ϳñÍÇù. keen/poor, bad/good ~ ëáõñ/í³ï/ sign [sain] v ëïáñ³·ñ»É. The agreement is
ɳí ï»ëáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. long/short ~ Ñ»é³ï»ëáõ- ~ed ä³Ûٳݳ·ÇñÁ ëïáñ³·ñí³Í ¿. ~ on be-
ÃÛáõÝ, ϳñ׳ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ. second ~ ·áõß³- half of Ù»ÏÇ ³ÝáõÝÇó ëïáñ³·ñ»É. (Ýß³Ý
Ï»Éáõ ѳïÏáõÃÛáõÝ. catch/get ~ of ï»ëÝ»É, ³Ý»É) He ~ed to me to leave ܳ Ýß³Ý ³ñ»ó,
Ýϳï»É. lose ~ of ï»ë³¹³ßïÇó/³ãùÇó áñ »ë Ñ»é³Ý³Ù. ~ in ·ñ³Ýóí»É. ~ in at the
ÏáñóÝ»É. come into ~ »ñ¨³É, ï»ë³Ý»ÉÇ ¹³é- hotel ÑÛáõñ³ÝáóáõÙ ·ñ³Ýóí»É. ~ off ÑÙÏñ·.
ݳÉ. at/on ~ ï»ëÝ»ÉáõÝ å»ë, ³ÝÙÇç³å»ë. ³Ýç³ï»É. ~ on ÑÙÏñ·. ÙdzóÝ»É. ~ on
regain one’s ~ ï»ëáÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ í»ñ³Ï³Ý·Ý»É. í³ñÓ(í)»Éáõ å³Ûٳݳ·Çñ ëïáñ³·ñ»É. ~
know by ~ ¹»Ùùáí/³ñï³ùÇÝáí ׳ݳã»É. on new workers Ýáñ μ³ÝíáñÝ»ñ í³ñÓ»É. ~
hate the ~ of smn Ù»ÏÇÝ ï»ëÝ»É ãϳñá- out ¹áõñë ·ñí»É. ~ out of the hotel ÑÛáõ-
ճݳÉ. love at first ~ ë»ñ ³é³çÇÝ Ñ³- ñ³ÝáóÇó ¹áõñë ·ñí»É. ~ed field ÑÙÏñ·.
Û³óùÇó. shoot at/on ~ Ïñ³Ï»É ³é³Ýó ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÇ ¹³ßï Ýß³Ýáí. ~ed intiger ÑÙÏñ·.
ݳ˳½·áõß³óÝ»Éáõ. payable at ~ í׳ñ»É ³ÙμáÕç ÃÇí Ýß³Ýáí:
Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»Éáõ å³ÑÇÝ. play music at ~ signal [΄signl] n ³½¹³Ýß³Ý, Ýß³Ý. visual ~
Ýáï³Ý»ñáí ѳÝå³ïñ³ëïÇó Ýí³·»É. Éáõë³½¹³Ýß³Ý. give/make a ~ ³½¹³Ýß³Ý/
translate at ~ ÃÕÃÇó ѳÝå³ïñ³ëïÇó Ýß³Ý ï³É. engaged ~ Ñ»é. ”½μ³Õí³Í” ³½-
óñ·Ù³Ý»É. in one’s ~ Ù»ÏÇ ³ãùáõÙ. out of ~ ¹³Ýß³Ý. distress ~ ³Õ»ïÇ ³½¹³Ýß³Ý. traf-
out of mind ³ãùÇó Ñ»éáõ, ëñïÇó ¹áõñë. (ï»- fic ~ Éáõë³ýáñ. ~ lamp ³½¹³Ý߳ݳÛÇÝ
ë³¹³ßï, ï»ë³ñ³Ý) within ~ ï»ë³Ý»ÉÇáõ- ɳÙå. ~-box ³½¹³Ý߳ݳÛÇÝ å³Ñ³Ï»ï:
ÃÛ³Ý ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ. a grand ~ Ñá۳ϳå signal [΄signl] v ³½¹³Ý߳ݻÉ. ~ a message
ï»ë³ñ³Ý. a memorable ~ ÑÇß³ñÅ³Ý ï»ë³- ѳÕáñ¹³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ áõÕ³ñÏ»É:
ñ³Ý. the ~s of London ÈáݹáÝÇ ï»ë³ñÅ³Ý signalize [΄signəlaiz] v Ýß³Ý/³½¹³Ýß³Ý
í³Ûñ»ñÁ. What a ~ you are ! ËëÏó. ¾ë DZÝã ï³É. ³½¹³Ýß³Ýáí ѳÕáñ¹»É:
ï»ëù áõÝ»ë. (Ýß³Ý, Ý߳ݳéáõÃÛáõÝ/) take a signal-man [΄signlmən] n ³½¹³Ýß³Ýáñ¹:
~ on smth Ýß³Ý μéÝ»É. set one’s ~s on smth signatory [΄signətəri]1. n å³Ûٳݳ·Çñ
³ãùÁ ÙÇ μ³ÝÇ íñ³ ¹Ý»É. 2. adv He’s a ~ too ëïáñ³·ñáÕ ÏáÕÙÁ. 2. a ëïáñ³·ñÛ³É. ~
clever for me ܳ ã³÷³½³Ýó ˻ɳóÇ ¿. 3. v powers å³Ûٳݳ·Çñ ëïáñ³·ñáÕ »ñÏñÝ»ñ:
Ýϳï»É, ÝßÙ³ñ»É. Ýß³Ý í»ñóÝ»É/μéÝ»É. ~ signature [΄signət∫ə] n ëïáñ³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ.
land ó³Ù³ù ï»ëÝ»É/ÝßÙ³ñ»É: ¹Õ·Í. ¹»Õ³åÇï³Ï. put one’s ~ ëïáñ³-
sightless [΄saitləs] a ÏáõÛñ, ï»ëáÕáõÃÛáõÝÇó ·ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¹Ý»É. key ~ »ñÅß. μ³Ý³Éáõ Ùáï
½áõñÏ. ³Ýï»ë³Ý»ÉÇ: ¹ñí³Í Ýß³Ý. ~ file ÑÙÏñ·. ϳñ¨áñ ý³ÛÉ:
sightly [΄saitli] a ëÇñáõÝ, ¹áõñ»Ï³Ý, ï»ëùáí£ sign-board [΄sainbɔ:d] n óáõó³Ý³Ï:
sightseeing [΄sait‚si:iŋ] n ï»ë³ñÅ³Ý í³Û- signer [΄sainə] n ëïáñ³·ñáÕ ³ÝÓ, (ÏáÕÙ)
ñ»ñÇ ¹ÇïáõÙ. go ~ ï»ë³ñÅ³Ý í³Ûñ»ñÁ å»ïáõÃÛáõÝ:
¹Çï»É£ signet [΄signit] n ÷áùñÇÏ ÏÝÇù (ݳ¨ Ù³-
sightseer [΄sait‚si:ə] n ½μáë³ßñçÇÏ: ï³Ýáõ íñ³). ~ ring ÏÝÇùáí Ù³ï³ÝÇ:
sign [sain] n Ýß³Ý. give a ~ Ýß³Ý ³Ý»É. as a ~ significance [sig΄nifikəns] n ϳñ¨áñáõÃÛáõÝ.
of Ç Ýß³Ý. as a ~ of respect áñå»ë ѳñ·³ÝùÇ Ý߳ݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ, Ý߳ݳϳÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ. a mat-
Ýß³Ý. ~s of the Zodiac ¼á¹Ç³ÏÇ Ýß³ÝÝ»ñÁ. ter of great ~ Ù»Í Ï³ñ¨áñáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»óáÕ
traffic ~s ׳ݳå³ñѳÛÇÝ »ñè»ÏáõÃÛ³Ý ·áñÍ:
significant 750 simple

significant [sig΄nifikənt] a ϳñ¨áñ, ¿³Ï³Ý. silky [΄silki] a Ù»ï³ùë³ÝÙ³Ý, ÷³÷áõÏ.


Ý߳ݳϳÉÇó. μ³½Ù³Ý߳ݳÏ. a ~ sum ÷Ëμ. ßáÕáùáñÃ. ÷³Õ³ùáõß:
Ý߳ݳϳÉÇó ·áõÙ³ñ. a ~ look μ³½Ù³Ýß³- sill [sil] n (ݳ¨ window-sill) å³ïáõѳÝÇ ·á·:
Ý³Ï Ñ³Û³óù. It is ~ that ...òáõó³¹ñ³Ï³Ý ¿ silly [΄sili] n ÑÇÙ³ñ, ³ÝѻûÃ. ïϳñ³ÙÇï.
áñ... ~ digit ÑÙÏñ·. ÇÙ³ëï³ÉÇó ϳñ·: ËëÏó. ÑÇÙ³ñ. Don’t be ~ ÐÇÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ÙÇ
signify [΄signifai] v Ý߳ݳϻÉ, ÇÙ³ëï ³ÝÇ. look ~ ÑÇÙ³ñ ï»ëù áõݻݳÉ. How ~
áõݻݳÉ. ËáñÑñ¹³Ýß»É. ¹»ñ ˳ճÉ. What can you get ! ËëÏó. Æ°Ýã ÑÇÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
does it ~? ¸³ DZÝã ¿ Ý߳ݳÏáõÙ. In this case silo [΄sailəu] n ëÇÉáë, ëÇÉáëÇ Ñáñ:
it doesn’t ~ ²Ûë ¹»åùáõÙ ¹³ Ý߳ݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ silt [silt]1. n ïÇÕÙ, ïÇÉ: 2. v ïÉáï»É. ~ up
ãáõÝÇ: ïÇÕÙáí å³ï»É. The mouth of the river is
sign-post [΄sainpəust] n óáõó³ëÛáõÝ, ~ed up ¶»ï³μ»ñ³ÝÁ ïÇÕÙáí ¿ å³ïí»É:
óáõó³Ýß³Ý: silvan [΄silvən] a ³Ýï³é³ÛÇÝ. ³Ýï³éáï,
silage [΄sailidз] n, a ëÇÉáë, ëÇÉáë³óáõÙ. ³Ýï³é³å³ï:
ëÇÉáë³ÛÇÝ: silver [΄silvə] n ³ñͳÃ. ³ñͳó¹ñ³Ù.
silence [΄sailəns] n ³Ý¹áññáõÃÛáõÝ, ÉéáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ñͳû ëå³ëù. German ~ Ù»ÉËÇáñ. made
Édzϳï³ñ ˳ճÕáõÃÛáõÝ. dead/complete/ of ~ ³ñͳÃÇó ë³ñù³Í. ~ foil/wedding ³ñ-
deep/strained ~ Ù»éÛ³É/ϳï³ñÛ³É/ËáñÁ/ ͳû ÷³ÛɳÃÇûÕ/ѳñë³ÝÇù. ~ fox 먳-
ɳñí³Í ÉéáõÃÛáõÝ. in ~ Éáõé. keep ~ Ééáõ- ·áñß ³Õí»ë»ÝÇ. ~ gilt áëÏ»çñ³Í ³ñͳÃ. ~
ÃÛáõÝ å³Ñå³Ý»É. break ~ ÉéáõÃÛáõÝÁ ˳Ë- plated ³ñͳóå³ï, ³ñͳóçñ³Í:
ï»É. put to ~ Éé»óÝ»É, Ó³ÛÝÁ Ïïñ»É. pass into silver-tongued [‚silvə΄tΛŋd] a ù³Õó-
~ Ùáé³óáõÃÛ³Ý ïñí»É/Ù³ïÝí»É. right of ~ ñ³Ëáë, ÑÝãáõÝ, å»ñ׳Ëáë:
Çñ³í. óáõóÙáõÝù ãï³Éáõ/ÉéáõÃÛ³Ý Çñ³- silverware [΄silvəweə] n ³ñͳûջÝ:
íáõÝù. S~ gives consent ÈéáõÃÛáõÝÁ silvery [΄silvəri] a ³ñͳóÝÙ³Ý, ³ñͳó-
ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ýß³Ý ¿. suffer in ~ Éáõé ÷³ÛÉ:
ï³é³å»É: similar [΄simələ] a ÝÙ³Ý, ѳٳÝÙ³Ý, Ùdz-
silence [΄sailəns] v Éé»óÝ»É, Ó³ÛÝÁ Ïïñ»É. ~ ÝÙ³Ý. ~ tastes ÙdzÝÙ³Ý ×³ß³Ï. in ~ fashion
one’s critics/the enemy’s guns ùÝݳ¹³ïÝ»- ×Çßï ÝáõÛÝ Ó¨áí. ~ goods Ùdzï»ë³Ï/
ñÇÝ/ ÃßݳÙáõ Ãݹ³ÝáÃÝ»ñÁ Éé»óÝ»É: ÙdzÝÙ³Ý ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñ. a ~ system ѳٳ-
silencer [΄sailənsə] n ï»Ë. Ëɳñ³ñ. »ñÅß. ÝÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·. I had a ~ experience ÆÝÓ
Ù»ÕÙáó. Çñ³í. ѳÙá½Çã ÷³ëï³ñÏ: Ñ»ï ÝáõÛݳÝÙ³Ý μ³Ý å³ï³Ñ»ó.
silent [΄sailənt] a ˳ճÕ, ³Ý¹áññ, ³ÝÓ³ÛÝ, similarity [‚simə΄lærəti] n ÝÙ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ,
³Ý³ÕÙáõÏ. ³ÝËáë, Éáõé. remain/keep ~ Éé»É. ѳٳÝÙ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. points of ~ ѳٳÝÙ³Ý
fall ~ Ó³ÛÝÁ Ïïñ»É, Éé»É. a ~ film/prayer ѳÙñ Ï»ï»ñ:
ýÇÉÙ. ³ÝÓ³ÛÝ ³ÕáÃù. ~ volcano ѳÝ- similarly [΄simələli] adv ÝÙ³Ý Ó¨áí:
·³Í/ã·áñÍáÕ Ññ³μáõË. He was ~ on this mat- simile [΄siməli] n É»½í. ѳٻٳïáõÃÛáõÝ
ter ²Ûë ѳñóÁ ݳ ÉéáõÃÛ³Ùμ ÁݹáõÝ»ó/ (å³ïÏ»ñ³íáñ Ëáëù):
³Ýó³í: similitude [si΄militju:d] n ÝÙ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ,
silhouette [‚silu΄et] n ëïí»ñ³Ýϳñ, áõñ- Ï»ñå³ñ³Ýù. assume ~ ï»ëù/Ï»ñå³ñ³Ýù
í³Ýϳñ: ÁݹáõÝ»É:
silhouette [‚silu΄et] v áõñí³·Í»É: simmer [΄simə] v ÷áùñ Ïñ³ÏÇ íñ³ »÷»É.
silicon [΄silikən] n ùÇÙ. ëÇÉÇóÇáõÙ, Ïñ»Ù- Ù»ÕÙ »é³É. ~ with rage/indignation ϳï³Õáõ-
ÝÇáõÙ. ~ chip ÑÙÏñ·. ëÇÉÇóÇáõÙÇ ÙÇÏñá- ÃÛáõÝÁ/½³ÛñáõÛÃÁ, íñ¹áíÙáõÝùÁ ѳ½Çí
ë˻ٳ/ãÇ÷: ½ëå»É. ~ down »é³ÉÁ ¹³¹³ñ»É. ѳݷëï³-
silk [silk] n Ù»ï³ùë. ~s Ù»ï³ùë»Õ»Ý£ ݳÉ, ³ÝóÝ»É. Give him time to ~ down ij-
silk [silk] a Ù»ï³ùë». ~ stockings Ù»ï³ùë» Ù³Ý³Ï ïí»ù, áñ ѳݷëï³Ý³:
·áõÉå³Ý»ñ. ~ moth (ݳ¨ silk - worm) ϻݹ. simper [΄simpə] 1. n ÑÇÙ³ñ/ÇÝùݳ·áÑ
ß»ñ³ÙÇ áñ¹, ß»ñ³Ù. ~ mill Ù»ï³ùëÇ ·áñ- ÅåÇï. 2. v ÇÝùݳ·áÑ Ååï³É:
ͳñ³Ý: simple [΄simpl] a å³ñ½, ѳë³ñ³Ï. a ~ prob-
silken [΄silkən] a Ù»ï³ùë»: lem áã μ³ñ¹ ѳñó. ~ language å³ñ½
simple-hearted 751 single

ѳëϳݳÉÇ É»½áõ. the ~ truth ѳë³ñ³Ï ųٳݳÏí³ÝÇó, »ñμ. ~ I saw him last ²ÛÝ
×ßÙ³ñïáõÃÛáõÝ. the ~ life å³ñ½ ³åñ»É³- ųٳݳÏí³ÝÇó, »ñμ »ë Ýñ³Ý í»ñçÇÝ
Ï»ñå, ³Ýå³×áõÛ× ÏÛ³Ýù. Ù³Ã. (ϳÝáݳ- ³Ý·³Ù ï»ë³. (áñáíÑ»ï¨, ù³ÝÇ áñ) ~ you
íáñ) ~ equation ³é³çÇÝ ³ëïÇ׳ÝÇ Ñ³í³- don’t know Russian ù³ÝÇ áñ ¹áõ éáõë»ñ»Ý
ë³ñáõÙ. ~ interest ýÇÝ. ѳë³ñ³Ï ïáÏáë. ~ ã·Çï»ë:
state áõÝÇï³ñ å»ïáõÃÛáõÝ. (ÙdzÙÇï, sincere [sin΄siə] a ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ, ëñï³μ³ó.
å³ñ½³ÙÇï) a ~ soul ÙdzÙÇï/å³ñ½ Ñá·Ç. μݳϳÝ:
simple-hearted [‚simpl΄ha:tid] a å³ñ- sincerely [sin΄siəli] adv ³ÝÏ»ÕÍáñ»Ý. ~ yours
½³ëÇñï, ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ: (ݳٳÏÇ í»ñçáõÙ) ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ Ó»ñ:
simple-minded [‚simpl΄maindid] a ³Ý- sincerity [sin΄serəti] n ³ÝÏ»ÕÍáõÃÛáõÝ,
˳ñ¹³Ë, å³ñ½³ÙÇï. ïËÙ³ñ³íáõÝ. I’m ëñï³μ³óáõÃÛáõÝ. in all ~ ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝ
not so ~ as to believe him ²Û¹ù³Ý ÑÇÙ³ñ ã»Ù, ³ÝÏ»ÕÍáõÃÛ³Ùμ, Çëϳå»ë:
áñ Ýñ³Ý ѳí³ï³Ù: sine [sain] n Ù³Ã. ëÇÝáõë:
simpleton [΄simpltən] n å³ñ½³ÙÇï/ Ùdz- sinecure [΄sinikjuə] n ɳí í³ñÓ³ïñíáÕ
ÙÇï Ù³ñ¹: Ñ»ßï ³ß˳ï³Ýù, ëÇÝ»Ïáõñ³:
simplicity [sim΄plisəti] n å³ñ½áõÃÛáõÝ, sinew [΄sinju:] n ϽÙË. çÇÉ. ~s ÙϳÝÝ»ñ.
å³ñ½³ÙïáõÃÛáõÝ. ÙdzÙïáõÃÛáõÝ. ÑÇÙ³- ÷Ëμ. ß³ñÅÇã áõÅ:
ñáõÃÛáõÝ: sinewy [΄sinju:i] a çÕáï, ÙϳÝáõï. í³é,
simplification [‚simplifi΄kei∫n] n å³ñ½»- ïå³íáñÇã:
óáõÙ. ѳë³ñ³Ï³óáõÙ: sinful [΄sinfl] a Ù»Õ³íáñ, Ù»Õë³·áñÍ:
simplify [΄simplifai] v å³ñ½»óÝ»É, ѳë³- sing [siŋ] n »ñ·»É. ·áí»ñ·»É. ëáõÉ»É
ñ³Ï³óÝ»É: (·Ý¹³ÏÁ). ½Ý·³É (³Ï³ÝçÁ ϳÝã»É). ~
simply [΄simpli] adv å³ñ½³å»ë, å³ñ½ flat/sharp (å³Ñ³Ýçí³ÍÇó) ³í»ÉÇ
Ï»ñåáí: ó³Íñ/μ³ñÓñ »ñ·»É. ~ in/out of tune
simulate [΄simjuleit] v Ó¨³óÝ»É, Ï»ÕÍ»É. ~ ×Çßï/ý³Éß »ñ·»É. ~ a child/one to sleep »ñ-
illness ÑÇí³Ý¹ Ó¨³óÝ»É. ~ sympathy Ï»ÕÍ ·»Éáí (ûñáñ ³ë»Éáí) ùÝ»óÝ»É »ñ»Ë³ÛÇÝ. ~
ϳñ»Ïó³Ýù óáõÛó ï³É: another tune ËëÏó. ³ÛÉ »ñ· »ñ·»É. The kettle
simulation [‚simju΄lei∫n] n Ï»ÕÍáõÙ, is ~ing ÷Ëμ. »۳ٳÝÁ »ñ·áõÙ (»éáõÙ) ¿.
Ó¨³óáõÙ. ëÇÙáõÉÛ³ódz: The forest/wind is ~ing ÷Ëμ. ²Ýï³éÁ/ù³ÙÇÝ
simultaneous [‚siml΄teiniəs] a Ùdzųٳ- »ñ·áõÙ ¿:
ݳÏÛ³, ѳٳųÙÛ³: singe [sindз] 1. n ٳϻñ»ë³ÛÇÝ ³Ûñí³Íù. 2.
simultaneously [‚siml΄teiniəsli] adv Ùdz- v ˳ÝÓ»É. The iron ~d the cloth ²ñ¹áõÏÁ
ųٳݳÏ, ѳٳųÙ: ˳ÝÓ»ó/³Ûñ»ó ѳ·áõëïÁ. ~ one’s feat-
sin [sin] n Ù»Õù, Ù»Õ³ÝãáõÙ. mortal ~ ٳѳ- hers/wings ÷Ëμ. Ó³ËáÕí»É, ³ÝѳçáÕáõ-
óáõ Ù»Õù. original ~ ³é³çÇÝ Ù»Õù (²¹³Ù- ÃÛáõÝ Ïñ»É:
ºí³). It’s a ~ to sit indoors ÷Ëμ., ÏïÏ. î³ÝÁ singer [΄siŋə] n »ñ·Çã, »ñ·ãáõÑÇ. »ñ·»óÇÏ
ÙݳÉÁ Ù»Õù ¿. For my ~s, I’ll have to... ºñ¨Ç ÃéãáõÝ:
Ù»Õù»ñÇë ѳٳñ »ë å»ïù ¿..: singing [΄siŋiŋ] n »ñ·»óáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, »ñ·»ÉÁ:
sin [sin] v Ù»Õù ·áñÍ»É, Ù»Õ³Ýã»É. ~ against single [΄siŋgl] a ÙÇ, ÙdzÏ. not a ~ áã ÙÇ. not a
smth ÇÝã-áñ μ³ÝÇ ¹»Ù Ù»Õù ·áñÍ»É. He is ~ sound áã ÙÇ ÑÝãÛáõÝ. the one ~ time
more ~ned against than ~ning ܳ ³í»ÉÇ ß³ï Ù»Ï/»½³ÏÇ ³Ý·³Ù. a ~ room ÙÇï»Õ³-
½áÑ ¿, ù³Ý Ù»Õë³·áñÍ: ÝÇ/³é³ÝÓÇÝ ë»ÝÛ³Ï. (³ÙáõñÇ, ã³Ùáõëݳ-
since [sins] 1. adv ³ÛÝ Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÇó Ç í»ñ not ó³Í, ÙdzÛݳÏ) ~ person ã³Ùáõëݳó³Í
long ~ áã ß³ï ³é³ç, í»ñç»ñë. He has lived ïÕ³Ù³ñ¹/ÏÇÝ. He is ~ ܳ ³Ùáõëݳó³Í ã¿.
here ever ~ ²ÛÝ Å³Ù³Ý³Ïí³ÝÇó ݳ ³Ûëï»Õ ~ judge ÙdzÝÓÝÛ³ ¹³ï³íáñ. ~ mother
¿ ³åñáõÙ. 2. prep ëÏë³Í (áñáß Å³Ù³Ý³- ÙdzÛÝ³Ï Ù³Ûñ. a ~ aim ÙdzëÝ³Ï³Ý Ýå³-
ÏÇó) ~ yesterday ëÏë³Í »ñ»Ïí³ÝÇó, »ñ»Ï- ï³Ï. every ~ day Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ ûñ. every ~
í³ÝÇó. ~ 10 o’clock ųÙÇ 10 – Çó. (³é³ç) It book Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ ·Çñù. ~ out ÁÝïñ»É,
is a year ~ ¸³ ÙÇ ï³ñÇ ³é³ç ¿ñ. 3. cnj ³ÛÝ ³é³ÝÓݳóÝ»É. ~ out as an example áñå»ë
single 752 sister

ûñÇÝ³Ï Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ - address in- ï³Ïí»ó. ~ like a stone ù³ñÇ ÝÙ³Ý Ñ³ï³ÏÁ
struction Ù»Ï-ѳëó»³ÝÇ Ññ³Ñ³Ý·. ~ - as- ·Ý³É. sunk in thoughts ÷Ëμ. Ùïù»ñÇ Ù»ç Ëá-
signment language ٻϳݷ³ÙÛ³ í»ñ³·ñáõ- ñ³ëáõ½í³Í. (÷áñ»É) ~ a mine/a well/ a hole
Ùáí É»½áõ. ~ - level address áõÕÕ³ÏÇ Ñ³ëó». ѳÝù³Ñáñ/çñÑáñ /÷áë ÷áñ»É. ~ money in
~ precision ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý ×ßïáõÃÛ³Ùμ: the venture Ó»éݳñÏÙ³Ý Ù»ç ÷áÕ ÏáñóÝ»É.
single [΄siŋgl] n Ùñ½. ٻݳ˳Õ: Wood doesn’t ~ ö³ÛïÁ ãÇ ëáõ½íáõÙ/Ëáñ-
single-breasted [‚siŋgl΄brestid] a ÙdzɳÝç/ ï³ÏíáõÙ. (ÇçÝ»É, ó³Íñ³Ý³É) ~ to one’s
ٻݻ½ñ í»ñ³ñÏáõ/åÇç³Ï: knees ÍÝÏÇ ·³É. ~ to one’s waist ÙÇÝ㨠·áï-
single-handed [‚siŋgl΄hændid]1. a ÙÇÓ»é- ϳï»ÕÁ ÁÝÏÕÙí»É. My heart sank ÷Ëμ.
ù³ÝÇ. ٻݳÏ, ³é³Ýó áõñÇßÇ û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ý. êÇñïë Ãáõɳó³í. His voice sank Üñ³ Ó³ÛÝÁ
(ÙdzÏáÕÙ³ÝÇ) ~ efforts ÙdzÏáÕÙ³ÝÇ ç³Ý- Çç³í/ÁÝϳí. ~ into poverty/debt ³Õù³ïáõ-
ù»ñ. 2. adv ٻݳÏ. He sailed the boat ~ ܳ ÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç/å³ñïù»ñÇ ï³Ï ÁÝÏÝ»É. ~ into a
Ù»Ý³Ï ¿ñ í³ñáõ٠ݳí³ÏÁ£ heavy sleep ËáñÁ ùáõÝ ÙïÝ»É. I wanted to ~
single-lane [‚siŋgl΄lein] a ÙdzÏáÕÙ³ÝÇ. ~ through the floor ËëÏó. àõ½áõÙ ¿Ç ·»ïÝÇ
traffic ÙdzÏáÕÙ³ÝÇ »ñè»ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ï³ÏÝ ³ÝóÝ»É. (Ýëï»É, Ýëïí³Íù ï³É) The
single-minded [‚siŋgl΄maindid] a Ýå³ï³- foundations have sunk (ß»ÝùÇ) ÐÇÙùÁ Ýëï»É ¿.
ϳëɳó, Ýå³ï³Ï³Ù»ï. ßÇï³Ï, ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ: His eyes/cheeks had sunk ²ãù»ñÁ/²Ûï»ñÁ ÷áë
singleness [΄siŋglnəs] n ÙdzÛݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ, »Ý ÁÝÏ»É:
ٻݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ: sinker [΄siŋkə] n ëáõ½³·Ý¹ÇÏ, ³ñÓáõÛÉ:
single-phase [‚siŋgl΄feiz] a ¿É. Ùdzý³½, sinking [΄siŋkiŋ] n ëáõ½áõÙ. ѳÝϳñͳÏÇ
Ùdzý³½³ÝÇ: ÃáõÉáõÃÛáõÝ£
singles [΄siŋglz] n Ùñ½. ³Ýѳï³Ï³Ý sinless [΄sinləs] a ³ÝÙ»Õ, Ù»Õù ã·áñͳÍ:
ÙñóáõÙÝ»ñ. ladies‘ ~ ϳݳÝó ³Ýѳï³Ï³Ý sinner [΄sinə] n Ù»Õ³íáñ/Ù»Õë³·áñÍ
ÙñóáõÙÝ»ñ: Ù³ñ¹/ÏÇÝ:
singlet [΄siŋglət] n ýáõý³Ûϳ: sinologist [sai΄nɒlədзist] n ãÇݳ·»ï:
single track [‚siŋgl΄træk] a »ñÏÃ. Ùdz·ÇÍ sinology [sai΄nɒlədзi] n ãÇݳ·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ:
»ñϳÃáõÕÇ: sinuous [΄sinjuəs] a áÉáñ³åïáõÛï, ·³É³-
singly [΄siŋgli] adv Ù»Ï-Ù»Ï, ³é³ÝÓÇÝ- ñáõÝ. ³ÉÇù³íáñ:
³é³ÝÓÇÝ. interview ~ ³é³ÝÓÇÝ-³é³ÝÓÇÝ sinus [΄sainəs] n ϽÙË. ѳÛÙáñÛ³Ý Ëáéáã:
ѳñó³½ñáõÛó ³ÝóϳóÝ»É: sip [sip] 1. n ÷áùñ ÏáõÙ, áõÙå. 2. v ÷áùñ
singsong [΄siŋsɒŋ] n Ùdzɳñ. ÙÇûñÇÝ³Ï ÏáõÙ»ñáí ËÙ»É, ÁÙå»É:
³ñï³ë³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ/ÁÝûñó³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: siphon [΄saifn] 1. n ëÇýáÝ: 2. v ÙÕ»É. åáÙ-
singular [΄siŋgjulə] 1. n ù»ñ. »½³ÏÇ ÃÇí. 2. åáí ù³ß»É. ~ petrol from the tank μ»Ý½ÇÝÁ
a ³Ýëáíáñ, ³ñï³Ï³ñ·. ÙdzÏ, »½³ÏÇ. 3. åáÙåáí ù³ß»É μ³ùÇó:
adv ï³ñûñÇݳÏ: sipper [΄sipə] n Í»ÕÇÏ, ÍÕáïÇÏ (ÁÙå»ÉÇù
singularity [‚siŋgju΄lærəti] n ³é³ÝÓݳ- ËÙ»Éáõ ѳٳñ):
ѳïÏáõÃÛáõÝ, Ûáõñ³Ñ³ïÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ï³ñûñÇ- sir [sə:] n ë»ñ, ëÁñ, å³ñáÝ. yes, ~ ³Ûá,
ݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ: å³ñáÝ. ½ÇÝ. ×Çßï ³Û¹å»ë. Dear S ~ (ݳ-
singularly [΄siŋgjələli] adv ³ñï³Ï³ñ·, Ù³ÏáõÙ) гñ·³ñÅ³Ý å³ñáÝ:
Ûáõñ³Ñ³ïáõÏ. a ~ inappropriate ³ñï³- sire [΄saiə] n ѳÛñ, ݳ˳ѳÛñ. ·Õï. ³ñáõ
ϳñ·/μáÉáñáíÇÝ ³Ýï»ÕÇ: ϻݹ³ÝÇ:
sinister [΄sinistə] a ã³ñ³·áõß³Ï, ³Õ»ï³- siren [΄sairən] n ßã³Ï (ݳíÇ, ·áñͳñ³ÝÇ).
μ»ñ, ã³ñ: ¹Çó. Íáí³Ñ³ñë, ÍáíÇݳñ. ÷Ëμ. ³ÝëÇñï/
sinistrous [΄sinistrəs] a ã³ñ³·áõß³Ï, ã³ñ³- ³ÝÑá·Ç ·»Õ»óÏáõÑÇ. ϻݹ. Íáí³íÇß³å£
μ³ëïÇÏ. Ó³Ëáñ¹: sirloin [΄sə:lɔin] n ëáõÏÇ (ÙÇë):
sink [siŋk] n ÏáÝù, Éí³ó³ñ³Ý³ÏáÝù. ³í³- sirocco [si΄rɔkəu] n (ãáñ, ï³ù) ù³ÙÇ:
½³Ï³áñç, ·áÕ³μáõÝ: sissy [΄sisi] n ËëÏó. ÷³÷ϳëáõÝ Ù³ñ¹.
sink [siŋk] v ëáõ½(í)»É, ÁÝÏÕÙ(í)»É. ѳï³ÏÁ Ïݳμ³ñá ïÕ³Ù³ñ¹:
·Ý³É, Ëáñï³Ïí»É. The ship sank ܳíÁ Ëáñ- sister [΄sistə] n ùáõÛñ (ݳ¨ ÏñáÝ.). μÅßÏ.
sisterly 753 sketch

μáõÅùáõÛñ, ·ÃáõÃÛ³Ý ùáõÛñ. little/younger ~ situation [‚sit∫u΄ei∫n] n Çñ³íÇ׳Ï, ϳóáõ-


ùáõÛñÇÏ, ÷áùñ ùáõÛñ. ~-in-law ï³É, ѳñë. ~ ÃÛáõÝ. íÇ׳Ï. factual ~ Çñ³Ï³Ý/÷³ëï³-
ship ÝáõÛݳïÇå ݳí: Ï³Ý Ñ³Ý·³Ù³ÝùÝ»ñ. tense ~ ɳñí³Í íÇ-
sisterly [΄sistəli] a ùáõÛñ³Ï³Ý, ùñáç: ׳Ï. save the ~ ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÷ñÏ»É. be in a dif-
sit [sit] v Ýëï»É, Ýëï³Í ÉÇÝ»É. ~ down Ýëï»É. ficulty ~ ¹Åí³ñÇÝ Ï³óáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É.
~ quietly/still/straight Éáõé/ѳݷÇëï/áõÕÇÕ/ (³ß˳ï³Ýù, å³ßïáÝ) vacant ~ ó÷áõñ
³Ýß³ñÅ Ýëï»É. ~ in the shade/out of doors ï»Õ:
ëïí»ñáõÙ/¹ñëáõÙ Ýëï»É. ~ on a chair/on a six [siks] num í»ó. ÃÕÃË. í»ó³Ýáó. at ~es and
horse ³ÃáéÇÝ/ÓÇáõ íñ³ Ýëï»É. ~ in Parlia- sevens ï³ÏÝáõíñ³/³Ýϳñ· íÇ׳ÏáõÙ:
ment å³éɳٻÝïÇ ³Ý¹³Ù ÉÇÝ»É. (ÃáõËë sixteen [‚siks΄ti:n] num ï³ëÝí»ó:
Ýëï»É) The hen is ~ting ѳíÁ ÃáõËë ¿ Ýëï»É. sixteenth [‚siks΄ti:nθ] num ï³ëÝí»ó»ñáñ¹;
(ɳí Ýëï»É, ѳñÙ³ñ ·³É) The coat ~s badly sixth [siksθ] num í»ó»ñáñ¹:
ì»ñ³ñÏáõÝ É³í ãÇ ÝëïáõÙ. (ÝÇëï ³- sixtieth [΄sikstiəθ] num í³ÃëáõÝ»ñáñ¹:
Ý»É/·áõÙ³ñ»É) The committee ~s tomorrow sixty [΄siksti] num í³ÃëáõÝ. the sixties 60-
ÎáÙÇï»Ý ÝÇëï ¿ ·áõÙ³ñáõÙ í³ÕÁ. ~ in pri- ³Ï³Ý Ãí³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÁ:
vate ÷³Ï ÝÇëï ·áõÙ³ñ»É. ï³ñμ»ñ û·ï. He sizable [΄saizəbl] a ٻͳͳí³É, μ³í³Ï³Ý
~s the horse well ܳ ·»Õ»óÇÏ/É³í ¿ Ýëï³Í Ù»Í. a ~ sum of money ÷áÕÇ μ³í³Ï³Ý Ù»Í
ÓÇáõÝ. ~ for an exam ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ Ñ³ÝÓÝ»É. ~ ·áõÙ³ñ:
about/around Ýëï³Í ëå³ë»É. ~ for μÝáñ¹ size [saiz] n ã³÷ë, Ù»ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ͳí³É. take
ͳé³Û»É. ~ for one’s portrait ¹ÇÙ³ÝϳñÇ one’s ~ ã³÷ëÁ í»ñóÝ»É. ѳٳñ(ÏáßÇÏÝ»ñÇ,
ѳٳñ μÝáñ¹ ͳé³Û»É. ~ through ÙÇÝ㨠ӻéÝáóÝ»ñÇ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ). What ~ shoes ? ƱÝã
í»ñç ëå³ë»É. ~ through the whole meeting ѳٳñÇ ÏáßÇÏÝ»ñ. cut a board to ~ ï³Ë-
ÙÇÝ㨠í»ñç ÅáÕáíÇÝ Ýëï»É. ~ up ãå³éÏ»É ï³ÏÁ Áëï ã³÷ë»ñÇ Ïïñ»É. life ~ μݳϳÝ
ùÝ»Éáõ, »ñϳñ Ýëï»É. ~ up late áõß ·Ý³É ã³÷ëÇ. cut down to ~ ÷Ëμ. Ù»ÏÇÝ ï»ÕÁ
ùÝ»Éáõ, áõß ùÝ»É. Don’t ~ up for me ØÇ° ¹Ý»É. ~ up ÁÝϳɻÉ, ¹³ï»É. ~ up the situation
ëå³ëÇñ ÇÝÓ. ~ the baby in a pram »ñ»Ë³ÛÇÝ Çñ³íÇ׳ÏÁ ѳëϳݳÉ. ~ up smn ÷Ëμ.
ë³ÛÉ³Ï Ýëï»óÝ»É. sit down a ~ strike Ýëï³Í å³ñ½»É/ѳëÏ³Ý³É Ù³ñ¹áõ ¿áõÃÛáõÝÁ. sam-
·áñͳ¹áõÉ/Ýëï³¹áõÉ ³Ý»É: ple ~ ÁÝïñ³ÝùÇ ù³Ý³Ï/ͳí³É:
site I [sait] n ï»Õ, í³Ûñ, ï»Õ³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. a sizzle [΄sizl] v Ãßß³É, ïÅïÅ³É It ~s ËëÏó.
building/construction ~ ßÇÝÑñ³å³ñ³Ï. the ~ ê³ëïÇÏ ßá· ¿, ²ñ¨Á í³éáõÙ ¿/³ÛñáõÙ ¿:
of the palace ݳËÏÇÝ å³É³ïÇ ï»ÕÁ. ~ of skate [skeit]1. n ãÙáõßÏ. 2. v ãÙßÏ»É, ãÙáõßÏ-
crime ѳÝó³·áñÍáõÃÛ³Ý í³Ûñ: Ý»ñáí ë³Ñ»É. ~ over/round the issue ÷Ëμ.
site II [sait] n ÑÙÏñ·. ë³ÛÃ, ³μáÝ»ÝïÇ Ï»ï. åñáμÉ»ÙÁ/ѳñóÁ ßñç³Ýó»É:
ó³ÝóÇ Ñ³Ý·áõÛó: skater [΄skeitə] n ãÙßÏáñ¹:
sit- in [΄sitin] n Ýëï³óáõÛó, Ýëï³¹áõÉ: skating [΄skeitiŋ] n ãÙßÏ»ÉÁ, ãÙßϳë³Ñù. fig-
sitter [΄sitə] n ÝëïáÕ μÝáñ¹. ÃËëϳݣ ure ~ Ó¨³íáñ ãÙßϳë³Ñù:
sitting [΄sitiŋ] n ÝÇëï. 뻳Ýë. Ñ»ñó÷áË. skeleton [΄skelitən] n ÑÇÙݳٳë, áõñí³·ÇÍ.
at a ~ (μÝáñ¹áõÃÛáõÝ) ÙÇ ë»³Ýë Ýëï»Éáí. ϽÙË. ÏÙ³Ëù. ï»Ë. ÑÇÙݳÏÙ³Ëù, ÑÇÙݳ-
second ~ for lunch ׳ßÇ »ñÏñáñ¹ Ñ»ñó- Ù³ë. ~ agreement ïÇå³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³Ó³Ûݳ-
÷áËÁ: ·Çñ. the ~ of a building ß»ÝùÇ ÑÇÙݳÏÙ³Ë-
sitting [΄sitiŋ] a Ýëï»Éáõ. There is a ~ room γ ùÁ. family ~/~ in the cupboard ÁÝï³Ý»Ï³Ý
Ýëï»Éáõ ï»Õ. a ~ target ³Ýß³ñÅ ÃÇñ³Ë. ~ ·³ÕïÝÇù. . ~ staff ³ß˳ïáÕÝ»ñÇ ³Ù»Ý³-
sitting-room ÑÛáõñ³ë»ÝÛ³Ï, Áݹáõݳñ³Ý: ÷áùñ ϳ½Ù. a ~ key ³·é³íáõÏ. a ~ plan/out-
situate [΄sit∫ueit] v ï»Õ³¹ñ»É, ï»Õ³íáñ»É. line åɳÝÇ áõñí³·ÇÍÁ. ¿ëùǽ:
be ~d ·ïÝí»É£ skeptic [΄skeptik] n ï»°ë sceptic:
situated [΄sit∫ueitid] a ï»Õ³íáñí³Í, ï»Õ³- sketch [sket∫] n ¿ëùǽ, áõñí³·ÇÍ, áõñí³-
¹ñí³Í. The house is ~ near the sea îáõÝÁ Ýϳñ. »ñÅß. ¿ïÛáõ¹. óï. ëÏ»ïã. take/make
·ïÝíáõÙ ¿ ÍáíÇ ³÷ÇÝ. be awkwardly ~ ³Ý- a ~ áõñí³Ýϳñ»É. a ~ for costumes ѳ·áõëï-
ѳñÙ³ñ íÇ׳ÏáõÙ ÉÇÝ»É: Ý»ñÇ ¿ëùǽ. (ѳٳéáï ³ÏݳñÏ) a rough ~
sketch 754 skip

of the project åɳÝÇ Ùáï³íáñ/ѳٳéáï one’s notes ·ñ³ÍÁ ³ãùÇ ³ÝóϳóÝ»É. (ûè
Ýϳñ³·Çñ: ë³Ñ»É) The bird ~med over the water ÂéãáõÝÁ
sketch [sket∫] v áõñí³·Í»É, ¿ëùǽ ³Ý»É. ѳ- ë³Ñ»ó çñÇ íñ³Ûáí:
Ù³éáï ³ÏݳñÏ ·ñ»É. skimmer [΄skimə] n ù³÷ÏÇñ:
sketch-book [΄sket∫buk] n Ýϳñã³Ï³Ý skimming [΄skimiŋ] n ٳϻñ»ë³ÛÇÝ
³ÉμáÙ: ÁÝûñóáõÙ, ë³ÑáõÙ. ù³÷, ÷ñ÷áõñ:
sketchy [΄sket∫i] a ¿ëùǽ³ÛÇÝ, áõñí³·Í³ÛÇÝ. skimp [skimp] v ïÝï»ë»É, ËݳۻÉ,
ٳϻñ»ë³ÛÇÝ, áã ËáñÁ. (ûè) áõï»ÉÇù: Ïñ׳ï»É. ÅɳïáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É. Don’t ~ the
skew [skju:]1. a ûù, Ëáïáñ. 2. v ß»Õí»É, ÙÇ sugar ØÇ° ËݳÛÇñ ß³ù³ñÁ:
ÏáÕ٠ûùí»É: skimpy [΄skimpi] a ß³ï ùÇã, ³Ýμ³í³ñ³ñ,
skewer [΄skju:ə] 1. n ß³Ù÷áõñ, ßÇß 2. v ËÕ×áõÏ. ïÝï»ëáÕ, ËݳÛáÕ, Åɳï. a ~ sup-
ß³Ù÷áõñÇ íñ³ ß³ñ»É: per ³Õù³ïÇÏ /Ë×áõÏ ÁÝÃñÇù. a ~ dress Ý»Õ
skew-eyed [‚skju:΄aid] a ßÇÉ, ßÇɳãù, ßɹÇÏ: ѳ·áõëï:
ski [ski:] n ¹³ÑáõÏ. put on /take off ~s ¹³ÑáõÏ skin [skin] n Ù³ßÏ, ÙáñÃ, ϳßÇ. a bear ~ ³ñçÇ
ѳ·Ý»É/ѳݻÉ. ~ suit/slope ¹³ÑáõϳÛÇÝ ÙáñÃÇ. ~ and bone áëÏáñ áõ ϳßÇ. next to the
ÏáëïÛáõÙ/ɳÝç»ñ: ~ Ù»ñÏ Ù³ñÙÝÇÝ. get wet to the ~ ÙÇÝã¨
ski [ski:] v ¹³ÑáõÏ»É, ¹³ÑáõÏÝ»ñáí ë³Ñ»É: áëÏáñÝ»ñÁ Ãñçí»É. save one’s ~ ÷Ëμ. Ù³ßÏÁ
skid [skid] v (³íïá) ÙÇ ÏáÕÙ ë³Ñ»É. ÷ñÏ»É. get under one’s ~ ÝÛ³ñ¹»ñÇ íñ³
ï»Õ³åïáõÛïÝ»ñ ï³É. ³ñ·»É³Ï»É. The dog ³½¹»É. be in one’s ~ Ù»ÏÇ íÇ׳ÏÇ Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É.
~ded on the floor ÞáõÝÁ ï»Õ³åïáõÛï ϳ- change one’s ~ Ù³ßÏÁ ÷áË»É. ÷Ëμ. ³Ý׳-
ï³ñ»ó ѳï³ÏÇÝ: ݳã»ÉÇáñ»Ý ÷áËí»É. a thick ~ ѳëï³Ï³ßÇ.
skier [΄ski:ə] n ¹³ÑáõÏáñ¹: jump out of one’s ~ ÷Ëμ. ë³ëïÇÏ Ñáõ½í»É.
skiff [skif] n ûè ݳí³Ï, Ù³ÏáõÛÏ. Ùñ½. by the ~ of one’s teeth ѳ½Çíѳ½, ÙÇ Ï»ñå.
ëÏÇý, Ùñó³Ù³ÏáõÛÏ: ϻը, μ³ñ³Ï óճÝà (Ùñ·Ç, μ³Ýç³-
skiing [΄ski:iŋ] n ¹³ÑáõÏ»ÉÁ, ¹³ÑáõÏÝ»ñáí ñ»Õ»ÝÇ, Ñ»ÕáõÏÇ). banana/apple/potato ~ μ³-
ë³Ñ»ÉÁ. go ~ ·Ý³É ¹³ÑáõÏ»Éáõ: ݳÝÇ, ËÝÓáñÇ, ϳñïáýÇÉÇ Ï»Õ¨:
skijumping [΄ski:‚dзΛmpiŋ] n ÃéÇãù ¹³- skin [skin] v ù»ñÃ»É Ñ³Ý»É(ϳßÇÝ). ~ a bear
ÑáõÏÝ»ñáí ïñ³ÙåÉÇÝÇó. ¹³ÑáõϳÃéÇãù: ³ñçÇ ÙáñÃÇÝ ù»ñûÉ. (ëådzݳÉ) The wound
skilful [΄skilfl] a ׳ñåÇÏ, ÑÙáõï, ϳñáÕ. a has ~ned ì»ñùÁ ëådzó»É ¿. Keep your eyes
~ craftsman/artist ÑÙáõï í³ñå»ï, ³ñÑ»ë- ~ned ÷Ëμ., ËëÏó. ²ãù»ñ¹ ɳÛÝ μ³ó ³ñ³:
ï³íáñ/ÝϳñÇã: skin-deep [‚skin΄di:p] a ÷Ëμ. ٳϻñ»-
skilfulness [΄skilflnəs] n ׳ñåÇÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ë³ÛÇÝ, áã Ëáñ:
ÑÙïáõÃÛáõÝ: skin-diver [΄skindaivə] n ³Ïí³É³Ý·Çëï:
skilift [΄ski:lift] n ×áå³ÝáõÕÇ: skinflint [΄skinflint] n Åɳï/ÏÍÍÇ Ù³ñ¹:
skill [skil] n í³ñå»ïáõÃÛáõÝ, ÑÙïáõÃÛáõÝ. skin-game [΄skingeim] n ˳ñ¹³ËáõÃÛáõÝ,
ϳñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. his ~ as a boxer Ýñ³ª μéÝóù³- ˳μ»áõÃÛáõÝ. Ù³Ñáõ áõ ϻݳó å³Ûù³ñ:
Ù³ñïÇÏÇ í³ñå»ïáõÃÛáõÝÁ life ~s ÏÛ³ÝùÇ/ skin-grafting [΄skin‚gra:ftiŋ] n μÅßÏ. Ù³ßÏÇ
Ï»Ýë³Ï³Ý ÑÙïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. occupational ~s ÷áËå³ïí³ëïáõÙ:
Ù³ëݳ·Çï³Ï³Ý ÑÙïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. show skinner [΄skinə] n Ùáñû·áñÍ, ×áÝ. ˳-
great ~ Ù»Í í³ñå»ïáõÃÛáõÝ óáõó³μ»ñ»É: μ»μ³£
skilled [skild] a ÑÙáõï, áñ³ÏÛ³É, áñ³Ï³íáñ. skinny [΄skini] a, n ÝÇѳñ, íïÇï.
a ~ businessman ÑÙáõï/Ó»éÝ»ñ»ó ·áñͳ- ÃáõÛÉ/íïÇï/ÝÇѳñ Ù³ñ¹:
ñ³ñ. ~ in diplomacy ÷áñÓ³éáõ ¹Çí³Ý³- skintight [‚skin΄tait] a ËÇëï åÇñÏ, ѳ-
·»ï. a ~ workman áñ³ÏÛ³É μ³Ýíáñ. ~ labour Ù³ñÛ³ Ù³ñÙÝÇÝ Ïå³Í. Her jeans are ~ Üñ³
áñ³ÏÛ³É μ³Ýíáñ³Ï³Ý áõÅ/³ß˳ïáõÅ. ~ çÇÝëÁ ËÇëï åÇñÏ ¿/Ù³ßÏÇÝ Ïå³Í ¿:
labour shortage áñ³ÏÛ³É ³ß˳ïáõÅÇ skip [skip] n áëïÛáõÝ, ó³ïÏáõÙ. with ~ and
å³Ï³ë: jump ó³ïÏáï»Éáí:
skim [skim] v ù³ß»É (ù³÷Á, ë»ñáõóùÁ ¨ skip [skip] v ó³ïÏáï»É, ó³ïÏ»É-³ÝóÝ»É.
³ÛÉÝ). ~ milk ϳÃÇ ë»ñÁ ù³ß»É. ~ through μ³ó ÃáÕÝ»É. ~ two chapters »ñÏáõ ·ÉáõË μ³ó
skipper 755 slanderous

ÃáÕÝ»É. ~ school ¹³ë»ñÁ μ³ó ÃáÕÝ»É. ~ from skylark [΄skaila:k] n ³ñïáõÛï:


one subject to another ÙÇ ÝÛáõÃÇó ÙÛáõëÇÝ skylight [΄skailait] n ï³ÝÇùÇ ³å³Ï»Í³ÍÏ
³ÝóÝ»É: Éáõë³Ùáõï. ³å³Ï»Í³ÍÏ »ñ¹ÇÏ:
skipper [΄skipə] n ݳí³å»ï. Ùñ½. ÃÇÙÇ sky-line [΄skailain] n ï»ë³Ý»ÉÇ ÑáñǽáÝ,
³í³·. ³é³·³ëï³Ý³íÇ Ý³í³å»ï, ßÏÇ- ÑáñǽáÝÇ ·ÇÍÁ. áõñí³·ÇÍ, áõñí³å³ïÏ»ñ
å»ñ. ËëÏó. ï»ñ, å»ï: (»ñÏÝùÇ ýáÝÇ íñ³):
skipping rope [΄skipiŋrəup] n ó³ïϳ- skyman [΄skaimən] n ËëÏó. û¹³ãáõ:
å³ñ³Ý: skyrocket [΄skai‚rɒkit] v ÏïñáõÏ μ³ñÓñ³-
skirmish [΄skə:mi∫] n é³½Ù³Ï³Ý Áݹѳ- ݳÉ. ÏïñáõÏ ³× ³é³ç³óÝ»É:
ñáõÙ. í»×, ÏéÇí, ÁݹѳñáõÙ: sky-scraper [΄skaiskreipə] n »ñÏݳù»ñ(Í),
skirr [skə:] n ×éÇÝã, ×éÝãÛáõÝ£ »ñÏݳμ»ñÓ. μ³ñÓñ³μ»ñÓ ß»Ýù:
skirt [skə:t] n ßñç³½·»ëï. ÷»ß, ùÕ³Ýóù. sky-writing [΄skai‚raitiŋ] n û¹³ÛÇÝ ·á-
ËëÏó. ÏÇÝ, ³ÕçÇÏ. silk /striped/checked í³½¹:
/plated~ Ù»ï³ùë»/½áɳíáñ/í³Ý¹³Ï³íáñ/ slab [slæb] n ë³É³ù³ñ. (ѳóÇ) ѳëï Ïïáñ.
¹³ñë»ñáí ßñç³½·»ëï. (ͳÛñ, ͳÛñ³Ù³ë) a marble/stone ~ Ù³ñÙ³ñÇ/ù³ñ» ë³É. a great
on the ~ of ͳÛñ³Ù³ëáõÙ: ~ of meat/chocolate ÙëÇ/ßáÏáɳ¹Ç Ù»Í/ѳëï
skirting-board [΄skə:tiŋbɔ:d] n ßÇÝ. ßñÇ- Ïïáñ/ë³ÉÇÏ:
ß³Ï, åÉÇÝÃáõë: slack [slæk] n É׳óáõÙ. ³Ý·áñÍáõÝ»áõÃÛáõÝ,
ski run [΄ski:rΛn] n ¹³Ñáõϳѻïù: ¹³¹³ñ. ~s ï³μ³ï, ß³Éí³ñ:
skit [skit] n ûè »ñ·ÇͳÝù. ͳÕñ³ÝÙ³- slack [slæk] a ³½³ï, ³ñÓ³Ï, ÃáõÛÉ. ~ mus-
ÝáõÙ, ͳÕñ³ÝÙ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ on ͳÕñ³- cles ÃáõÛÉ ÙϳÝÝ»ñ. Trade is ~ today ²Ûëûñ
ÝÙ³ÝáõÙ (Ù»ÏÇÝ): ³é¨ïáõñÁ ϳݷ ¿ ³é»É/É׳ó»É ¿. a ~ rope
skittle [΄skitl] n Ï»·É³Ë³Õ, Ï»·ÉÇÝ»ñ. ~s ÃáõÛÉ/í³ï Ó·í³Í å³ñ³Ý. ~ discipline í³ï
ËëÏó. ¸³ï³ñÏ μ³Ý ¿, ²ÝѻûÃáõÃÛáõÝ ¿. ϳñ·³å³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ about in one’s work ÙÇ
play ~s Ï»·ÉÇ Ë³Õ³É. ~ alley Ï»·»Éμ³Ý, Ï»ñå ³ß˳ï»É:
μááõÉÇÝ·: slacken [΄slækən] v ÃáõɳݳÉ, ÃáõɳóÝ»É.
skulk [skΛlk] n ·áñÍÇó ÷³ËãáÕ, ·ÉáõË Ï³Ý· ³éÝ»É. ~ (off) a rope/pressure/tension
å³ÑáÕ. ëÇÙáõÉÛ³Ýï: ÃáõɳóÝ»É å³ñ³ÝÁ /×ÝßáõÙÁ/ɳñáõÙÁ. ~
skulk [skΛlk] v óùÝí»É, ·³Õï³·áÕÇ pace ù³ÛÉ»ñÁ ¹³Ý¹³Õ»óÝ»É/³ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝÁ
·Ý³É/³ÝóÝ»É. He ~ed around the house ܳ Çç»óÝ»É. The demand ~s ä³Ñ³ÝçÁ/ä³Ñ³Ý-
·³Õï³·áÕÇ ßñçáõÙ ¿ñ ï³Ý Ù»ç: ç³ñÏÁ å³Ï³ëáõÙ ¿/ÇçÝáõÙ ¿:
skull [skΛl] n ·³Ý·, ËëÏó. ·ÉáõË. ~ and slacker [΄slækə] n ËëÏó. ¹³ï³ñϳåáñï/
crossbones ·³Ý· ¨ áëÏáñÝ»ñ (Ý߳ݪ ·áñͳÉÇù. ÍáõÛÉ:
ٳѳóáõ ¿)£ slag [slæg] n ˳ñ³Ù, ßɳÏ, Ù»ï³Õ³Ë³-
skull-cap [΄skΛlkæp] n óë³Ï: ñ³Ù:
skunk [skΛŋk] n ϻݹ. ·³ñß³Ñáï ÷áñëáõÕ. slake [sleik] v ѳ·»óÝ»É. ~ one’s thirst ͳñ³-
÷Ëμ. ³ÝåÇï³Ý/ëïáñ Ù³ñ¹. ³Ýå»ïùáõ- íÁ ѳ·»óÝ»É:
ÃÛáõÝ: slam [slæm] n ßñËÏáóáí/³ÕÙáõÏáí ÷³Ï»É. ~
sky [skai] n »ñÏÇÝù. gloomy/starlet/bright ~ the door ¹áõéÁ ßñËÏáóáí ÷³Ï»É. ~ down the
Ùé³ÛÉ/³ëïÕ³½³ñ¹/å³ÛÍ³é »ñÏÇÝù. sunny receiver Éë³÷áÕÁ ßåñï»É. ~ on the brakes
skies ³ñ¨áï »ñÏÇÝù. praise/laud to the skies ÏïñáõÏ ³ñ·»É³Ï»É:
·áí³μ³Ý»É, ÙÇÝ㨠»ñÏÇÝù ѳëóÝ»É: slander [΄sla:ndə]1. n ½ñå³ñïáõÃÛáõÝ,
sky-blue [‚skai΄blu:] a »ñÏݳ·áõÛÝ É³½áõñ: ³ñ³ï³íáñáõÙ, í³ñϳμ»ÏáõÙ. 2. v (μ³Ý³-
sky-high [‚skai΄hai] adv ß³ï μ³ñÓñ, ÙÇÝ㨠íáñ) ½ñå³ñï»É, ã³ñ³Ëáë»É:
»ñÏÇÝù prices rose ~ ·Ý»ñÁ ÏïñáõÏ slanderer [΄sla:ndərə] n ½ñå³ñïÇã,
μ³ñÓñ³ó³Ý: ½ñå³ñïáÕ:
skyjack [΄skaidзæk] n (ݳ¨ª skyjacking) slanderous [΄sla:ndərəs] a ½ñå³ñïã³Ï³Ý,
ÇÝùݳÃÇéÝ»ñÇ ³é¨³Ý·áõÙ. û¹³Ñ»Ýáõ- í³ñϳμ»ÏÇã. ~ statement ½ñå³ñïã³Ï³Ý
ÃÛáõÝ: ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
slang 756 sleep

slang [slæŋ] n ëɻݷ, ųñ·áÝ. use ~ ëɻݷ slate [sleit] v ËëÏó. ùÝݳ¹³ï»É. The play was
û·ï³·áñÍ»É. army ~ ½ÇÝíáñ³Ï³Ý ëɻݷ: ~d Ü»ñϳ۳óáõÙÁ ËÇëï ùÝݳ¹³ïí»ó.
slant [sla:nt] n ûùáõÙ, ûùí³Íù. the ~ of the ³Ù. ûÏݳÍáõÝ»ñÇ óáõó³ÏÇ Ù»ç ÙïóÝ»É.
road ׳ݳå³ñÑÇ Ã»ùí³Íù. on the ~ ûù íÇ- He was ~d for mayor Üñ³Ý ù³Õ³ù³·ÉËÇ
׳ÏáõÙ. the steep ~ ½³éÇó÷ ûùí³Íù. a ~ ûÏݳÍáõ ³é³ç³¹ñ»óÇÝ:
towards science ·Çï³Ï³Ý ûùáõÙ/ѳÏáõÙ: slate-pencil [‚sleit΄pensl] n ù³ñ» ·ñÇã:
slanted [΄sla:ntid] a ûù, ß»Õ: slattern [΄slætn] n ³ÝÙ³ùñ³ë»ñ/
slanted [΄sla:ntid] a ϳÝ˳ϳÉ: ó÷Ã÷í³Í/ ÷ÝÃÇ ÏÇÝ:
slant eyed [΄sla:ntaid] a ß»Õ ³ãù»ñáí: slatternly [΄slætnli]1. a ÷ÝÃÇ, ó÷Ã÷í³Í.
slanting [΄sla:ntiŋ] a ûù, ß»Õ. a ~ desk/roof 2. adv ÷ÝÃÇ Ï»ñåáí:
ûù ٳϻñ»ë/ï³ÝÇù. ~ rain ûù ³ÝÓñ¨: slaughter [΄slɔ:tə] n ³ñÛáõݳѻÕáõÃÛáõÝ,
slantwise [΄sla:ntwaiz]1. a ûù. 2. adv ûù Ïáïáñ³Í, ç³ñ¹. ³Ý³ëáõÝÝ»ñÇ
Ï»ñåáí, ߻ճÏÇ: ÙáñÃ/ëå³Ý¹ ~ on the roads ٳѳóáõÃÛáõÝÁ
slap [slæp]1. n ³åï³Ï. give a ~ in the face ׳ݳå³ñÑÇÝ íóñÝ»ñÇ Ñ»ï¨³Ýùáí:
»ñ»ëÇÝ ³åï³Ï ï³É. a ~ in the eye ÷Ëμ. slaughter [΄slɔ:tə] v ç³ñ¹/Ïáïáñ³Í ϳ½-
³Ýëå³ë»ÉÇ Ñdzëó÷áõÃÛáõÝ/³ÝѳçáÕáõ- ٳϻñå»É. Ïáïáñ»É, ëå³Ý»É. ÙáñûÉ
ÃÛáõÝ. 2. adv ËëÏó. áõÕÇÕ, ×Çßï. ~ in the (³Ý³ëáõÝ):
middle ×Çßï Ù»çï»ÕÇÝ: slaughter-house [΄slɔ:təhaus] n ëå³Ý-
slap [slæp] v ³÷áí ѳñí³Í ѳëóÝ»É, ³å- ¹³Ýáó:
ï³Ï»É. run ~ into a person ëñÁÝóó Ù»ÏÇÝ slave [sleiv]1. n ëïñáõÏ ·»ñÇ. ~ of habit/fash-
¹Çåã»É. ~ down ßåñï»É, ·ó»É. ~ the book ion ÷Ëμ. ëáíáñáõÛÃÇ/Ùá¹³ÛÇ ·»ñÇ. ~ driver
down ·ÇñùÁ ßåñï»É: ëïñáõÏÝ»ñÇ í»ñ³Ï³óáõ. ~ holder/owner
slap-bang [‚slæp΄bæŋ] adv ³ÙμáÕç ó÷áí, ëïñϳï»ñ. 2. v ËëÏó. ëïñáõÏÇ ÝÙ³Ý
³ÕÙáõÏáí: ³ß˳ï»É:
slapdash [΄slæpdæ∫] a ³Ý÷áõÛÃ, ãÙï³Íí³Í, slaver [΄sleivə] n ëïñϳí³×³é. ëïñϳï³ñ
ѳå×»å. a ~ worker ³Ý÷áõÛà ³ß˳ïáÕ. a ݳí:
~ job ÙÇ Ï»ñå/³Ý÷áõÛà ϳï³ñí³Í ³ß˳- slavery [΄sleivəri] n ëïñÏáõÃÛáõÝ. wage ~
ï³Ýù: í³ñÓáõ ëïñÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ͳÝñ/ëïñϳϳÝ
slapjack [΄slæpdзæk] n ³Ù. μ³ñ³Ï³μÉÇÃ: ³ß˳ï³Ýù:
slapstick comedy [΄slæpstik ΄kɒmədi] n slaw [slɔ:] n ³Õó³Ý/ë³É³Ã óñ٠ϳճÙ-
½³í»ßï, Ë»Õϳï³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ½³í»ßï³- μÇó:
˳Õ: slay [slei] v Ïáïáñ»É, ëå³Ý»É:
slap up [΄slæpΛp] a a ~ dinner Ñá۳ϳå/×áË sleazy [΄sli:zi] a Ýáõñμ, μ³ñ³Ï. ³Ý¹ÇÙ³ó-
׳ß/Ï»ñáõÛÃ: ÏáõÝ (·áñÍí³Íù):
slash [slæ∫] n ÏïñáõÏ Ñ³ñí³Í, Ïïñí³Íù, sled, sledge [sled, sledз]1. n ë³ÑݳÏ,
í»ñù. ~es ׳Ñ×áõï ï»Õ: Ó»éݳë³ÑݳÏ. 2. v ë³ÑݳÏáí ·Ý³É/÷á-
slash [slæ∫] v Ãñ³ï»É, Ïïñ»É. He ~ed my ˳¹ñ»É:
shoulder ܳ ¹³Ý³Ïáí ѳñí³Í»ó ÇÙ áõëÇÝ. sledge-hammer [΄sledз‚hæmə] 1. n (ݳ¨ª°
~ peices/salaries ÷Ëμ. ·Ý»ñÁ/³ß˳ï³í³ñ- sledge) ¹³ñμÝÇ Í³Ýñ Ùáõñ×. 2. a ½áñ»Õ,
ÓÁ ÏïñáõÏ Çç»óÝ»É. ~ the text ï»ùëïÁ ç³Ëç³ËÇã:
ËÇëï Ïñ׳ï»É. The critics ~ed the film sleek [sli:k] 1. a ѳñÃ, áÕáñÏ, ÏáÏ. a ~
øÝݳ¹³ïÝ»ñÁ ç³Ëç³Ë»óÇÝ ýÇÉÙÁ: dog/horse ɳí ËݳÙí³Í/å³Ñí³Í ßáõÝ/ÓÇ.
slashing [΄slæ∫iŋ] n ëñ³Ù³ñï. ÏáïáñáõÙ£ 2. v ѳñûÉ, ÏáÏ»É:
slat [slæt] n μ³ñ³Ï ÓáÕ, ß»ñï³ÓáÕÇÏ: sleeky [΄sli:ki] a ѳñÃ, ÏáϳÍ. Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏ:
slate [sleit] n ûñóù³ñ, ß»ñï³ù³ñ. ßÇý»ñ. sleep [sli:p] n ùáõÝ. deep, profound/light ~ Ëá-
¹åñ. ù³ñ»ï³Ëï³Ï. have a ~ loose ÷Ëμ. ñÁ/ûè ùáõÝ heavy ~ ͳÝñ ùáõÝ. winter ~
ï³Ëï³ÏÁ å³Ï³ë ÉÇÝ»É. Clean the ~ ÷Ëμ. ÓÙ»éí³ ùáõÝ. dead ~ Ù»é³ÍÇ å»ë ùݳÍ.
ѳßÇíÝ»ñÁ ÷³Ï»É. Wipe the ~ clean ÷Ëμ. sound ~ ËáñÁ, ³éáÕç ùáõÝ. broken ~ Áݹѳ-
³ÝóÛ³ÉÁ Ùáé³Ý³É: ïáõÙÝ»ñáí/Áݹѳïí³Í ùáõÝ. go to ~ ùÝ»É,
sleep 757 slightly

ùáõÝ ÙïÝ»É. in one’s ~ ùÝÇ Ù»ç. get a ~ ÙÇ slew II [slu:] n ·»ï³Ëáñß, É׳Ëáñß. ׳ÑÇ×:
ûè ùÝ»É, ³ãùÁ ÏåóÝ»É. put/send one to ~ slice [slais] n Ïïáñ, μ³ñ³Ï ß»ñï. å³ï³é. ~
ùÝ»óÝ»É. talk in one’s ~ ùÝÇ Ù»ç Ëáë»É: of bread/lemon ѳóÇ/ÏÇïñáÝÇ μ³ñ³Ï ß»ñï.
sleep [sli:p] v ùÝ»É. not ~ a wink ³ãù ãÏåóÝ»É. a good ~ of profit ɳí/Ù»Í û·áõï. ~ of luck
~ like a log Ù»é»ÉÇ ÝÙ³Ý ùÝ»É. ~ the ~ of the ѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ßñç³Ý. Ùñ½. ÏïñáÕ
just ³ñ¹³ñ Ù³ñ¹áõ ùÝáí ùÝ»É. ~ around ѳñí³Í:
ËëÏó. áõÙ Ñ»ï ³ë»ë ùÝ»É. They ~ together slice [slais] v μ³ñ³Ï ß»ñï»ñáí Ïïñ»É.
ËëÏó. Üñ³Ýù ëÇñ³Ñ³ñÝ»ñ »Ý. ~ off ùÝ»Éáí Ïïñ³ï»É. ~ off a piece of meat ÙÇ Ïïáñ ÙÇë
³½³ïí»É/μáõÅí»É. ~ off one’s headache ùÝ»- Ïïñ»É. ~d bread Ïïñï³Í ѳó. ~ a ball Ùñ½.
Éáí ·É˳ó³íÇó ³½³ïí»É. ~ on/upon í³Õ- ·Ý¹³ÏÇÝ ß»ßï³ÏÇ Ñ³ñí³Í»É:
í³Ý Ñ»ï³Ó·»É. Don’t decide now, ~ on it slicer [΄slaisə] n ß»ñï»ñáí Ïïñï»Éáõ ѳñ-
ÐÇÙ³ ÙÇ áñáßÇñ, ÃáÕ í³Õí³Ý. ~ out ï³ÝÁ Ù³ñ³Ýù:
ãùÝ»É. ~ through ùÝáí ³ÝóÝ»É/ãÉë»É. ~ slick [slik] a ѳñÃ, ÏáÏ, áÕáñÏ. ׳ñåÇÏ,
through the alarm ½³ñÃáõóÇãÁ ãÉë»É: ³ñ³·³ß³ñÅ. a ~ salesman/answer ׳ñåÇÏ
sleeper [΄sli:pə] n ùÝ³Í Ù³ñ¹. ùÝÏáï Ù³ñ¹. í³×³éáÕ. ׳ñï³ñ å³ï³ë˳Ý. a ~ type
³Ù. ÝÝç³í³·áÝ. »ñÏÃ. ÷³Ûï³Ïá×, ßå³É.
ÉåñÍáõÝ/Ï»ÕÍ Ù³ñ¹:
light/heavy ~ ûè/ËáñÁ ùÝáÕ Ù³ñ¹:
slicker [΄slikə] n ³Ýçñ³ÝóÇÏ í»ñ³ñÏáõ.
sleepiness [΄sli:pinəs] n ùÝÏáïáõÃÛáõÝ: ËëÏó. ˳ñ¹³Ë/׳ñåÇÏ ³ÝÓ:
sleeping [΄sli:piŋ] a ~ bag/car/pill ÝÝç³å³ñÏ. slide [slaid] n Ù³ÝÏ³Ï³Ý ë³éó³å³ï/í³Û-
ÝÝç³í³·áÝ. ùݳμ»ñ ѳμ:
ñÇçáõóù (ë³Ñ»Éáõ ѳٳñ). (Ù³Ýñ³¹Çï³-
sleephead [΄sli:phed] n ËëÏó. ùÝÏáï Ù³ñ¹: ÏÇ) ³å³Ï»Ñ³ñóÏ. ¹Ç³åá½ÇïÇí:
sleepless [΄sli:pləs] a ³ÝùáõÝ, ³ñÃáõÝ, slide [slaid] v ë³Ñ»É. ëÕÕ³É. ë³Ûóù»É. ï»-
³ã³Éáõñç. have a ~ night ³ÝùáõÝ ·Çß»ñ
Õ³åïáõÛï ï³É. ~ on the ice ë³éóÇ íñ³
³ÝóϳóÝ»É:
ë³Ñ»É. ~ back Ñ»ï/Çñ ï»ÕÁ ë³Ñ»óÝ»É.
sleep-walker [΄sli:p‚wɔ:kə] n ÉáõëÝáï:
Things ~ in the office ÷Ëμ. ÐÇÙݳñÏáõÙ ·áñ-
sleepy [΄sli:pi] a ùÝÏáï. ùݳóóË. ùáõÝÁ
Í»ñÁ μ³ñÓÇÃáÕÇ »Ý. ~ down the banis-
·ÉËÇÝ. (³ÝÏÛ³Ýù, ˳ճÕ) a little ~ town
÷áùñÇÏ ³ÝÏÛ³Ýù/Ë³Õ³Õ ù³Õ³ù: ters/from tree μ³½ñÇùáí/ͳéÇó ó³Í ë³Ñ»É.
sleet [sli:t] n ÓÛáõݳ˳éÝ ³ÝÓñ¨. Ù³Ýñ³- ~ in Ý»ñë ëáÕáëÏ»É. ~ away ¹áõñë
ϳñÏáõï It ~s ÒÛáõݳ˳éÝ ³ÝÓñ¨ ¿ ·³ÉÇë: åñÍÝ»É/ëåñ¹»É. ~ past (ÏáÕùáí) ëɳݳÉ,
sleeve [sli:v] n èù, û½³ÝÇù. ëϳí³é³ÏÇ ³ñ³· ³ÝóÝ»É:
ß³åÇÏ. up one’s ~ Ó»éùÇ ï³Ï å³ïñ³ëï. sliding [΄slaidiŋ] a ë³ÑáÕ. ~ scale ß³ñųϳÝ
Laugh in one’s ~ ùÃÇ ï³Ï ùÙÍÇÍ³Õ ï³É. óáõóݳÏ. a ~ door ë³ÑáÕ ¹áõé. a ~ seat
turn up one’s ~ èù»ñÁ í»ñ ù³ß»É/ùßï»É: ß³ñÅ³Ï³Ý Ýëï»É³ï»Õ(³Ãáé):
sleigh [slei] n ë³ÑݳÏ: slid(ing) rule [‚slaidiŋ΄ru:l] n Éá·³ñÇÃÙ³-
sleight-of hand [‚slaitəv΄hænd] n Ó»éùÇ Ï³Ý ù³ÝáÝ:
׳ñåÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ³×å³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ: slight [slait] n ëïáñ³óáõÙ, ³ñѳٳñѳÝù,
slender [΄slendə] a μ³ñ³Ï, Ýáõñμ, Ýñμ³·»Õ, ³Ýï»ëáõÙ. It was a ~ on all of us ¸³ Ù»½
ݳ½»ÉÇ. a ~ waist/figure /girl μ³ñ³Ï Çñ³Ý, μáÉáñÇë ѳٳñ ëïáñ³óáõóÇã ¿ñ:
Ýñμ³·»Õ ϳ½Ùí³Íù, Ýáõñμ ³ÕçÇÏ. ~ hope/ slight [slait] v íÇñ³íáñ»É, ëïáñ³óÝ»É, ³ñ-
excuse ÃáõÛÉ ÑáõÛë/å³ï׳é³μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ѳٳñÑ»É:
÷Ëμ. (ëáõÕ, ³Õù³ïÇÏ) ~ resources/means slight [slait] a ûè, ³ÝÝß³Ý. ÃáõÛÉ. ãÝãÇÝ. áã
³Õù³ïÇÏ å³ß³ñÝ»ñ, ëáõÕ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ. a ~ ϳñ¨áñ. a ~ mistake ³ÝÝß³Ý ë˳É. a ~ cold
chance ÷áùñ Ñݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ: ûè Ùñë³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ figure Ýáõñμ ϳ½Ù-
sleuth [slu:θ] n ËëÏó. Ëáõ½³ñÏáõ, ·áñͳ- í³Íù. not in the ~est μáÉáñáíÇÝ. He wasn’t in
ϳÉ: the ~est offended ܳ μáÉáñáíÇÝ ¿É ã¿ñ
sleuth-hound [΄slu:θhaund] Ëáõ½³ñÏáõ íÇñ³íáñí»É:
ßáõÝ: slighting [΄slaitiŋ] a íÇñ³íáñ³Ï³Ý, ³ñ-
slew I [slu:]1. n ¹³ñÓ, åïáõÛï. 2. v ѳٳñѳϳÝ:
åïïí»É, ¹³éݳÉ, ßáõé ·³É: slightly [΄slaitli] adv ûè³ÏÇ. I know him
slim 758 sloping

~/only ~ ºë Ýñ³Ý ûè³ÏÇ ·Çï»Ù/ѳ- slip-over [΄slip‚əuvə] n ·ÉËÇó ѳ·ÝíáÕ


Ù³ñÛ³ ã·Çï»Ù, ~ built Ãáõɳϳ½Ù: ½·»ëï:
slim [slim] 1. a μ³ñ³Ï, Ýáõñμ, í³Û»Éã³Ï³½Ù. slipper [΄slipə] n Ñáճó÷ÇÏ, ïݳÛÇÝ
a ~ volume μ³ñ³Ï ѳïáñ. Chances are very Ù³ßÇÏ:
~ Þ³ï ùÇã ß³Ýë»ñ ϳÝ. 2. v ÝÇѳñ»É. I am slippery [΄slipəri] a áÕáñÏ, ë³ÛóùáõÝ.
~ming ÜÇѳñáõÙ »Ù. ¹Ç»ï³ÛÇ íñ³ »Ù: ÷Ëμ. ³Ýíëï³Ñ»ÉÇ (Ù³ñ¹). ~ ground ë³Û-
slime [slaim] n ÏåãáõÝ ó»Ë, ïÇÕÙ. ÏåãáõÝ/ óùáõÝ ÑáÕ/ѳï³Ï. a ~ customer ÉåñÍáõÝ
Ù³ÍáõóÇÏ ÝÛáõÃ: ³ÝÓݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ:
slimming [΄slimiŋ] a ÝÇѳñ»óÝáÕ. a ~ slipshod [΄slip∫ɒd] a ÷ÝÃÇ, ó÷Ã÷í³Í. ~
diet/exercises ÝÇѳñ»óÝáÕ ¹Ç»ï³/í³ñÅáõ- style ³Ý÷áõÛà á×:
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. Your skirt is ~ ²Ûë ßñç³½·»ëïÁ slipslop [΄slipslɒp] n ËëÏó. Ï»Õï³çáõñ.
ù»½ ÝÇѳñ»óÝáõÙ ¿: ÷Ëμ. ËëÏó. ³ÝѳÙ/ÃáõÛÉ ËÙÇãù:
slimsy [΄slimzi] a ³Ù. ÃáõÛÉ, ³Ý¹ÇÙ³óÏáõÝ. slipstream [΄slipstri:m] n ³í. û¹³ÛÇÝ/û¹Ç
˳Ëáõï: Ñáë³Ýù:
slimy [΄slaimi] a ïÕÙáï, ó»Ëáï. ÉåñÍáõÝ, slip-up [΄slipΛp] n ËëÏó. ë˳É. ë³ÛóùáõÙ:
ÉáñÓáõÝùáï: slit [slit]1. n ×»Õù. Ý»Õ, »ñϳñ μ³óí³Íù. the
sling [sliŋ] n ×áå³Ý. μÅßÏ. íÇñ³Ï³å. His ~ of a letter-box ÷áëï³ñÏÕÇ μ³óí³ÍùÁ. a
arm is in a ~ Üñ³ èÁ íÇñ³Ï³å³Í ¿: skirt with ~s Ïïñí³ÍùÝ»ñáí ßñç³½·»ëï. 2.
sling [sliŋ] v Ý»ï»É, ßåñï»É, ·ó»É. íÇ- v Ïïñ»É (»ñϳÛÝùáí). ~ an envelope open
ñ³Ï³å»É. ~ stones at ù³ñ»ñ ßåñï»É. (í»ñ Íñ³ñÁ μ³ó»É:
ù³ß»É, ϳ˻É) ~ up a hammock ó³Ýó³×á×/ slither [΄sliðə] v ËëÏó. ë³Ñ»É, ëÕÕ³É. The
·³Ù³Ï ϳ˻É. He was slung out Üñ³Ý ¹áõñë fish ~ed back into the water ÒáõÏÁ ÝáñÇó
ßåñï»óÇÝ: (ë³Ñ»Éáí) çáõñÝ ÁÝϳí:
slingshot [΄sliŋ∫ɒt] n å³ñë³ïÇÏ: sliver [΄slivə] n ï³ß»Õ. μ³ñ³Ï/÷áùñ Ïïáñ:
slink [sliŋk] v ·³Õï³·áÕÇ Ñ»é³Ý³É. ~ slobber [΄slɒbə]1. n ÉáñÓáõÝù, Ãáõù. ÷Ëμ.
away/off ÍÉÏ»É, ÷³Ëã»É. ~ in/out ·³Õï³- ë»ÝïÇÙ»Ýï³É ß³Õ³Ïñ³ï³Ýù. 2. v ÷ëÉÇÝ-
·áÕÇ Ý»ñë/¹áõñë ëáÕáëÏ»É: ùÁ ó÷»É, ÷ëÉÝùáï»É. ÷Ëμ. ÝíÝí³É, ɳó
slip I [slip] n ë³ÑáõÙ, ë³Ñ»ÉÁ. ë˳É, íñÇ- ÉÇÝ»É:
åáõÙ. (μ³ñÓÇ) »ñ»ë. a ~ of the pen ·ñãÇ slobbery [΄slɒbəri] a ÷ëÉÝùáï, Ãùáï:
ë˳É. a ~ of the tongue É»½íÇ ë³ÛóùáõÙ. sloe [sləu] n í³ÛñÇ ë³Éáñ. ~ gin Ùñ·ûÕÇ,
give one the ~ Ù»ÏÇó ÷³Ëã»É/ËáõÛë ï³É. a μ³ÉûÕÇ, ë³ÉáñÇ ûÕÇ£
silly ~ ÑÇÙ³ñ ë˳É. a ~ of paper ÃÕÃÇ ß»ñï: slog [slɒg] v áõÅ»Õ Ë÷»É/ѳñí³Í»É. ~
slip II [slip] n ÏïñáÝ. pay ~ í׳ñÙ³Ý ÏïñáÝ. away/on ç³Ý³ë»ñ ³ß˳ï»É. He ~ged in the
voting ~ ùí»³Ã»ñÃÇÏ: garden ܳ ³ÙμáÕç Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ³ß˳ïáõÙ ¿ñ
slip [slip] v ë³Ñ»É, ë³Ûóù»É, ËáõÛë ï³É. ~ ³Û·áõÙ:
on the ice ë³éáõÛóÇ íñ³ ë³Ñ»É. ~ on the stairs slogan [΄sləugən] n ϳñ·³Ëáë, Ïáã:
³ëïÇ׳ÝÝ»ñÇÝ ë³Ûóù»É. The chance ~ped slop [slɒp] v ó÷(í)»É, ó÷Ã÷(í)»É.
Ðݳñ³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ μ³ó ÃáÕÝí»ó. Time åéáõÝÏÝ»ñÇó ó÷í»É. ~ paint all over ãáñë
~ped ijٳݳÏÁ Ãé³í. ~ one’s attention ÏáÕÙÁ Ý»ñÏ Ã³÷»É. The tea ~ped over »ÛÁ
áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÇó ¹áõñë ÙݳÉ. ~ one’s mem- åéáõÝÏÝ»ñÇó ó÷í»ó:
ory ·ÉËÇó ¹áõñë ÃéÝ»É. ~ away ³ÝÝϳï»ÉÇ slop [slɒp] n ËëÏó. å³ïñ³ëïÇ Ñ³·áõëï
Ñ»é³Ý³É. ~ in/into ËóÏ»É, ËáûÉ. He ~ped (¿Å³Ý³·ÇÝ):
into French ܳ ³ÝÝϳï»ÉÇáñ»Ý ³Ýó³í slope [sləup] n ɳÝç, ½³éÇó÷, ûùáõÃÛáõÝ.
ýñ³Ýë»ñ»ÝÇ. ~ off ë³Ñ»Éáí ÁÝÏÝ»É, ó³Í ~ of a roof ï³ÝÇùÇ Ã»ùí³ÍùÁ:
ë³Ñ»É. The shawl ~ped off Þ³ÉÁ áõë»ñÇó slope [sləup] v ½³éÇí³Ûñ ÇçÝ»É/μ³ñÓñ³Ý³É.
ó³Í ë³Ñ»ó/ÁÝϳí. ~ out ¹áõñë ë³- ûùí»É. ~ backwards Ñ»ï ûùí»É. ~ off
Ñ»É/ëÉɳÉ. The knife ~ped out ¸³Ý³ÏÁ ¹áõñë ËëÏó. ÍÉÏ»É, ÷³Ëã»É:
ë³Ñ»ó. ~ up ë˳Éí»É, ëË³É ÃáõÛÉ ï³É: sloping [΄sləupiŋ] a ûù. ~ garden ɳÝçÇ íñ³
slip-on [΄slipɒn] n ³½³ï/ɳÛÝ ½·»ëï: ·ïÝíáÕ ³Û·Ç. ~ writing ûù ӻ鳷Çñ:
slop pail 759 slur

slop pail [΄slɒppeil] n ³Õμ³çñÇ/Ï»Õï³çñÇ down one’s pace ù³ÛÉ»ñÁ ¹³Ý¹³Õ»óÝ»É. The
¹áõÛÉ: traffic ~ed down ºñè»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¹³Ý¹³Õ»ó:
sloppy [΄slɒpi] a óó, Ëáݳí (»Õ³Ý³Ï). slowcoach [΄sləukəut∫] n ¹³Ý¹³ÕÏáï/
ó»Ëáï, çñÇÏ. ËëÏó. ³Ý÷áõÛÃ, ÷ÝÃÇ. ÷Ëμ. ͳÝñ³ÙÇï Ù³ñ¹. Ñ»ï³Ùݳó Ù³ñ¹:
ë»ÝïÇÙ»Ýï³É: slowdown [΄sləudaun] n ¹³Ý¹³Õ»óáõÙ, ³ñ-
slops [΄slɒps] n pl Ï»Õï³çáõñ: ·»É³ÏáõÙ. work ~ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ Ã³÷Á Ýí³-
slop-shop [΄slɒp∫ɒp] n å³ïñ³ëïÇ ½»óÝ»ÉÁ:
ѳ¿¿·áõëï»Õ»ÝÇ Ë³ÝáõÃ: slowmotion [‚sləu΄məu∫n] n (ÏÇÝá) ¹³Ý-
slosh [slɒ∫] v ËëÏó. ó÷»É. ~ water on the ¹³Õ»óí³Í Ýϳñ³Ñ³ÝáõÙ:
steps ³ëïÇ׳ÝÝ»ñÇÝ çáõñ ó÷»É: slow-witted [‚sləu΄witid] a μóÙÇï, ¹³Ý-
sloshed [slɒ∫t] a ËëÏó. ѳñμ³Í, ϳï³ñÁ ¹³Õ³ÙÇï:
ï³ù. get ~ Ãáõݹ ѳñμ»É: sludge [slΛdз] n óÝÓñ ó»Ë, ïÇÕÙ:
slot [slɒt] n (³íïáÙ³ïÇ) ×»Õù. ³Ýóù Ù»- sludgy [΄slΛdзi] a ó»Ëáï, ïÕÙáï:
ï³Õ³¹ñ³ÙÁ ·ó»Éáõ ѳٳñ. ~ machine slug I [slΛg] n áõÅ»Õ Ñ³ñí³Í μéáõÝóùáí. a ~
³íïáÙ³ï. find a ~ in the prog. ÷Ëμ. Íñ³·- of whisky ÙÇ ÏáõÙ íÇëÏÇ:
ñÇ Ù»ç ï»Õ ·ïÝ»É (Éñ³óáõÙÝ»ñ ϳï³- slug II [slΛg] n ϻݹ. ÉáñÓݳÙáÉÛáõëÏ, ÉáñÓÝ-
ñ»Éáõ Ýå³ï³Ïáí): ¿³Ï. ³Ù. 5-ó»Ýï³Ýáó Å»ïáÝ. Ññ³ó³ÝÇ
sloth [sləuθ] n ÍáõÉáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ý÷áõóç³- ·Ý¹³Ï£
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: sluggard [΄slΛgəd]1. n ÍáõÛÉ/³Ýμ³Ý Ù³ñ¹.
slouch [slaut∫] 1. n Ïáñ³ó³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, 2. a ÍáõÛÉ, ³Ýμ³Ý:
Ïáõ½ÇÏáõÃÛáõÝ. 2. v Ù»çùÁ Ïáñ³óÝ»É, Ïáõ½Á sluggish [΄slΛgi∫] a ÍáõÛÉ, ³Ýμ³Ý. ¹³Ý-
¹áõñë ·³É. ³ÝßÝáñÑù Ù³ñ¹. ~ about/around ¹³ÕÏáï, ¹³Ý¹³Õ³ß³ñÅ. The engine is ~
³Ý·áñÍ Ã³÷³é»É: ËëÏó. Þ³ñÅÇãÁ ãÇ Ó·áõÙ/ãÇ ù³ßáõÙ. ~ cir-
slough [slau] n ׳ÑÇ×, ׳Ñ×áõï. ×Ýßí³Íáõ- culation ¹³Ý¹³Õ»óñ³Í ßñç³Ý³éáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÃÛáõÝ, ÁÝÏ×í³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ: sluice [slu:s] n çñ³ñ·»É³Ï, ßÉÛáõ½. Éí³óáõÙ:
slovenly [΄slΛvnli]1. a ÷ÝÃÇ, ó÷Ã÷í³Í. 2. sluice [slu:s] v Éí³óáõ٠ϳï³ñ»É, áÕáÕ»É. ~
adv ó÷Ã÷í³Í Ó¨áí: down the decks ï³Ëï³Ï³Ù³ÍÁ Éí³Ý³É.
slow [sləu] 1. a ¹³Ý¹³Õ, ¹³Ý¹³ÕÏáï. a ~ çñ³ñ·»É³ÏÝ»ñ ϳéáõó»É, ßÉÛáõ½³íáñ»É. ~
pulse ¹³Ý¹³Õ³Í ½³ñÏ»ñ³Ï. be ~ Ñ»ï gate çñ³ñ·»É³ÏÇ ÷³Ïáó, ë³Ñ³Ý³¹áõé:
ÙݳÉ. ~ of speech ¹³Ý¹³Õ/ѳݷÇëï ËáëáÕ. slum [slΛm] n Ñ»ïݳËáñß. ù³Õ³ùÇ ËáõÉ
walk/work at a ~ pace ¹³Ý¹³Õ ù³ÛÉ»ñáí ³ÝÏÛáõÝ. ˳ñËÉí³Í ïÝ»ñ (ݳ¨` ~s):
ß³ñÅí»É. ¹³Ý¹³Õ»óñ³Í ï»Ùå»ñáí ³ß- slumber [΄slΛmbə]1. n ùáõÝ. leaden ~ ͳÝñ
˳ï»É. a ~ oven ¹³Ý¹³Õ/ ó³Íñ Ïñ³Ï. cook ùáõÝ. 2. v ùÝ»É, ÝÇñÑ»É:
on a ~ flame ó³Íñ/Ù³ñٳݹ Ïñ³ÏÇ íñ³ slumberous [΄slΛmbərəs] a ùÝÏáï. ùáõÝ
å³ïñ³ëï»É. a ~ train ¹³Ý¹³ÕÁÝóó μ»ñáÕ:
·Ý³óù, ÷áëï³ï³ñ ·Ý³óù. a ~ poison slump [slΛmp] n ËÇëï ³ÝÏáõÙ. ïÝï»ë³-
¹³Ý¹³Õ ³½¹áÕ ÃáõÛÝ. Business is ~ ¶áñ- Ï³Ý ×·Ý³Å³Ù. ÃñÙ÷áó. a ~ in oil produc-
Í»ñÁ ɳí ã»Ý. a ~ game ÷Ëμ. ³ÝÑ»- tion/prices ݳíó³ñ¹ÛáõݳѳÝÙ³Ý/·Ý»ñÇ
ï³ùñùÇñ/ï³ÕïϳÉÇ Ë³Õ/ÏÛ³Ýù. The ËÇëï ³ÝÏáõÙ:
progress is ~ ²ß˳ï³ÝùÁ ¹³Ý¹³Õ ¿ ³é³ç slump [slΛmp] v ·Ý»ñÇ ÏïñáõÏ/ËÇëï
·ÝáõÙ. (¹³Ý¹³Õ³ß³ñÅ) He’s very ~ ܳ ÁÝÏÝ»ÉÁ. ͳÝñ í³Ûñ ÁÝÏÝ»ÉÁ. He ~ed into a
ß³ï ¹³Ý¹³Õ³ß³ñÅ ¿. ~ to anger ¹Åí³- chair ܳ ÃñÙ÷³ó ³ÃáéÇÝ:
ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ ѳÙμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÏáñóÝ»É. ~ to an- slur [slə:] n μÇÍ, ³ñ³ï (³Ýí³Ý íñ³). »ñÅß.
swer ¹³Ý¹³Õ»É å³ï³ëË³Ý ï³É. a ~ de- ÉÇ·³, É»·³ïá. ÑÝãÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÏáõÉ ï³ÉÁ/
veloper ¹³Ý¹³Õ ½³ñ·³óáõÙ. The watch is ~ Ùdz˳éÝí»ÉÁ. cast a ~ on smb Ù»ÏÇÝ ³ñ³-
ijٳóáõÛóÁ Ñ»ï ¿. 2. adv ¹³Ý¹³Õ, ï³íáñ»É£
¹³Ý¹³Õáñ»Ý. She’ll have to go ~ ÷Ëμ. ܳ slur [slə:] v μ³é»ñ/ÑÝãÛáõÝÝ»ñ ÏáõÉ ï³É.
å»ïù ¿ ³í»ÉÇ ßñç³Ñ³Û³ó ÉÇÝÇ: ³ñ³ï³íáñ»É, ³Ý³ñ·»É. His speech is ~red
slow [sləu] v ¹³Ý¹³Õ»É, ¹³Ý¹³Õ»óÝ»É. ~ Üñ³ ËáëùÁ ³ÝѳëϳݳÉÇ/³Ýå³ñ½³-
slush 760 smear

ÑáõÝã ¿. ~ over áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ã¹³ñÓÝ»É, smart [sma:t] n ßù»Õ, Ýñμ³·»Õ, å»ñ׳ßáõù,


ßñç³Ýó»É. ~ over the subject Ã»Ù³Ý ßñç³Ý- Ùá¹³ÛÇÏ. ÑÙÏñ·. ˻ɳóÇ, ÇÝï»É»Ïïáõ³É. a
ó»É: ~ coat Ùá¹³ÛÇÏ í»ñ³ñÏáõ. look ~ å»ñ-
slush [slΛ∫] n Ïñ³ÑáÕ. ó»Ë³Ë³éÝ ÓÛáõÝ. ׳ßáõù/¿É»·³Ýï ï»ëù áõݻݳÉ. a ~ car/hou-
çñÇÏ ó»Ë. ÷Ëμ., ËëÏó. ë»ÝïÇÙ»Ýï³É se ßù»Õ Ù»ù»Ý³/ïáõÝ. the ~ set í³Û»Éáõã
ß³Õ³Ïñ³ï³Ýù: ѳë³ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ. (˻ɳóÇ, Ë»Éáù, Ëá-
slushy [΄slΛ∫i] a ó»Ëáï, çñϳó»Ëáï: ñ³Ã³÷³Ýó, ÁÙμéÝáÕ) a ~ answer ˻ɳÙÇï
slut [slΛt] n ó÷Ã÷í³Í/÷ÝÃÇ ÏÇÝ. í³ï å³ï³ë˳Ý. a ~ chap/guy ËëÏó. Ë»-
í³ñùÇ ï»ñ ÏÇÝ: ɳóÇ/Ë»ÉùÁ ·ÉËÇÝ ïÕ³. a ~ one ËëÏó.,
sluttish [΄slΛti∫] a ÷ÝÃÇ, ó÷Ã÷í³Í; μóëÏ. Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏ ë³ï³Ý³. a ~ trick
sly [slai] a Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏ, ݻݷ. a ~ dog ËëÏó. Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏ/׳ñåÇÏ Ó»éݳÍáõÃÛáõÝ.
˳ñ¹³Ë ßáõÝ. n on the ~ ·³Õï³·áÕÇ: (»é³Ý¹áõÝ, ³ñ³·³ß³ñÅ) ~ work ³ñ³·/
smack I [smæk]1. n ѳÙ, Ñáï, μáõÛñ. ~ of ׳ñåÇÏ ³ß˳ï³Ýù. a ~ box in the ear
garlic ëËïáñÇ Ñ³Ù. 2. v ѳ٠áõݻݳÉ. ~ of ¹»ÙùÇÝ ÙÇ É³í ѳëóÝ»É. ~ alec(k) ËëÏó.
garlic ëËïáñÇ Ñ³Ù áõݻݳÉ: Ë»ÉùÇ ïáåñ³Ï, Çñ»Ý Ë»Éáù ϳñÍ»É: ~ pro-
smack II [smæk] n ³÷³Ñ³ñí³Í, ѳñí³Í. grammer ÑÙÏñ·. åñáý»ëÇáÝ³É Íñ³·ñáÕ:
give a hard ~ áõÅ»Õ Ñ³ñí³Í»É£ smart [sma:t] v ÏëÏͳÉ, ÙñÙé³É, ó³í»É.
smack III [smæk] n (ݳ¨ª fishing ~) ÓÏÝáñ- ³Ûñ»É. The wound is ~ing ì»ñùÁ ÙñÙéáõÙ ¿.
ë³Ý³í(³Ï): My eyes are ~ing ²ãù»ñë ÏÍÏÍáõÙ »Ý. Iodine
smack [smæk] v ѳñí³Í ѳëóÝ»É. ~ one’s ~s Úá¹Á í³éáõÙ ¿:
face ³åï³Ï»É (¹»Ùù). ~ the paper on the table smarten [΄sma:tn] v å×Ýí»É, ½áõ·í»É. ~ up
ûñÃÁ ë»Õ³ÝÇÝ ßåñï»É. ~ one’s lips ½áõ·»É, ½³ñ¹³ñ»É. ~ up for dinner ׳ßÇ
(ßåå³óÝ»Éáí) ßñÃáõÝùÝ»ñÁ ѳÙμáõñ»É£ ѳٳñ ½áõ·í»É/·»Õ»óÇÏ ½·»ëï ѳ·Ý»É:
smack [smæk] adv ËëÏó. áõÕÇÕ, áõÕÕ³ÏÇ. smash [smæ∫] n ç³ñ¹áõÙ, ç³ñ¹»ÉÁ. ³Õ»ï,
×Çßï Ï»ïÇÝ. ~ in the middle áõÕÇÕ Ù»ç- íóñ. ëݳÝϳóáõÙ. a car ~ Ù»ù»Ý³ÛÇ
ï»ÕáõÙ. run ~ into the wall å³ïÇÝ ÙËñ×í»É: íóñ/³Õ»ï:
smacking [΄smækiŋ] n Í»Í, ùáóÏ. He smash [smæ∫] v ç³ñ¹áï/í/»É. ç³ñ¹áõ÷ßáõñ
needs a good ~ Üñ³Ý ÙÇ É³í ùáÃ³Ï ¿ å»ïù: ÉÇÝ»É/³Ý»É. ëݳÝϳݳÉ. ~ open the door
small [smɔ:l] a ÷áùñÇÏ, åëïÇÏ. ³ÝÝß³Ý. a ¹áõéÁ ç³ñ¹»Éáí μ³ó»É. ~ the enemy Ãßݳ-
~ girl/house ÷áùñÇÏ ³ÕçÇÏ, áã Ù»Í ïáõÝ. ~ ÙáõÝ ç³Ëç³Ë»É. ~ a revolt ËéáíáõÃÛáõÝÁ
town/dose ÷áùñÇÏ ù³Õ³ù/ã³÷³μ³ÅÇÝ, ×Ýß»É. The cars ~ed into each other Ø»ù»Ý³-
¹»Õ³ù³Ý³Ï. on a ~ scale ÷áùñÇÏ Ù³ëßï³- Ý»ñÁ Çñ³ñ μ³Ëí»óÇÝ. ~ the ball Ùñ½. ·Ý¹³-
μáí. (Ù³Ýñ) ~ business/farmers ÷áùñ Ó»é- ÏÇÝ áõÅ»Õ Ñ³ñí³Í»É. ~ up Édzϳï³ñ
ݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝ, Ù³Ýñ ý»ñÙ»ñÝ»ñ. ~ print ç³Ëç³ËáõÙ. badly ~ed up ͳÝñ íݳë-
Ù³Ýñ ï³é³ï»ë³Ï. a ~ eater ùã³Ï»ñ. S~ í³ÍùÝ»ñ Ïñ³Í. smash-and-grab (raid) ó-
wonder ¼³ñٳݳÉÇ ã¿. make smn look/feel ~ ɳÝãÇ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ñÓ³ÏáõÙ:
Ù»ÏÇÝ ëïáñ³óÝ»É. ~ arms ûè Ññ³½»Ý. ~ smasher [΄smæ∫ə] n ËëÏó. ͳÝñ áõÅáí
hours Å 24 – Çó ÙÇÝ㨠³é³íáïÛ³Ý 3 – 4 – Á. ѳñí³Í. ѳÙá½Çã ÷³ëï³ñÏ:
~ holder Ù³Ýñ ë»÷³Ï³Ý³ï»ñ. ~ minded smashing [΄smæ∫iŋ] a ËëÏó. óÝóáÕ. ßßÙ»-
Ù³Ýñ, Ù³Ýñ³ËݹÇñ. »ë³ÙáÉ. ~ scale ÷áùñ óáõóÇã. We had a ~ time óÝóáÕ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï
Ù³ëßï³μÇ. ~ talk ¹³ï³ñÏ Ëáë³Ïóáõ- ³ÝóϳóñÇÝù. She’s ~ ! ܳ ßßÙ»óáõóÇã ¿:
ÃÛáõÝ/ß³Õ³Ïñ³ï³Ýù. ÑÙÏñ·. ¹»åÇ ûμÛ»Ï- smatter [΄smætə] v ٳϻñ»ëáñ»Ý/í³ÛñÇ-
ïÁ ÏáÕÙÝáñáßí³Í É»½áõ£ í»ñá ÇٳݳÉ:
smallish [΄smɔ:li∫] a åëïÉÇÏ, Ù³ÝñÇÏ: smatterer [΄smætərə] n ٳϻñ»ë³ÛÇÝ ·Ç-
smallpox [΄smɔ:lpɒks] μÅßÏ. ͳÕÇÏ (ÑÇ- ï»ÉÇùÝ»ñÇ ï»ñ ³ÝÓ. ¹ÇÉ»ï³Ýï. Ñ»·Ý.
í³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝ): ³Ù»Ý³·Çï³Ï, ÇÙ³ëï³Ï:
small town [΄smɔ:ltaun] n ·³í³é³Ï³Ý: smattering [΄smætəriŋ] n ٳϻñ»ë³ÛÇÝ
small time [‚smɔ:l΄taim] a a ~ thief ËëÏó. ·Çï»ÉÇùÝ»ñ. ¹ÇÉ»ï³ÝïáõÃÛáõÝ:
Ù³Ýñ ·áÕ: smear [smiə] n μÇÍ, Ï»Õï³μÇÍ. ³ñí.
smear 761 smoky

íñÓݳ˳Õ. μÅßÏ. ùëáõù. a ~ of paint/blood ÅåÇï. 2. v μéݳ½μáëÇÏ/Ñ»·Ý³Ï³Ý


Ý»ñÏÇ íñÓݳ˳Õ. ³ñÛ³Ý ùëáõù. a ~ on rep- Ååï³É:
utation ÷Ëμ. μÇÍ ³Ýí³Ý íñ³. a ~ test μÅßÏ. smith [smiθ] n ¹³ñμÇÝ:
ùëáõù ѻﳽáïáõÃÛ³Ý/³Ý³ÉÇ½Ç Ñ³Ù³ñ. smithereens [‚smiðə΄ri:nz] n μ»ÏáñÝ»ñ,
a ~ campaign ÷Ëμ. ½ñå³ñïãáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³½- ÷ßáõñÝ»ñ, Ïïáñï³Ýù. smash into ~, break
ٳϻñåáõÙ/ϳÙå³Ýdz£ to/in ~ ç³ñ¹áõ÷ßáõñ ³Ý»É/ÉÇÝ»É:
smear [smiə] v ùë»É, Ï»Õïáï»É, ³ñ³ï³íá- smithery [΄smiθəri] n ¹³ñμÝÇ ³ñÑ»ëï,
ñ»É. ~ paint on the walls å³ï»ñÇÝ Ý»ñÏ ¹³ñμÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
ùëÙë»É. hands ~ed with grease ÛáõÕáïí³Í smithy [΄smiði] n ¹³ñμÝáó:
Ó»éù»ñ: smitten [΄smitn] a ѳٳÏí³Í, ï³ñí³Í. ~
smeary [΄smiəri] a ÏåãáõÝ, Ù³ÍáõóÇÏ. Ï»Õ- with remorse ËÕ×Ç Ë³ÛÃáí ѳٳÏí³Í be ~
ïáï, ³å³Ï³Ýí³Í: with smn ËëÏó. ëÇñ³Ñ³ñí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. He is
smell [smel] n Ñáï³éáõÃÛáõÝ, Ñáï. strong/ badly ~ with her Üñ³ ѳٳñ Ë»ÉùÁ ·ÝáõÙ ¿:
faint/horrible/bad ~ áõÅ»Õ/ÃáõÛÉ/³h³íáñ, smock [smɒk] n μÉáõ½, ³ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ
ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ/í³ï Ñáï. disgusting ~ ½½í»ÉÇ Ñ³·áõëï. ÑÕÇ ÏÝáç ѳ·áõëï. ~ frock
·³ñß³ÑáïáõÃÛáõÝ. fragrant ~ μáõñÙáõÝù. a ~ ѳïáõÏ Ñ³·áõëï, ³ñï³Ñ³·áõëï:
of powder ÷Ëμ. Ù³ñï³Ï³Ý ÷áñÓ³éáõ- smog [smɒg] n ÃáõݳÙßáõß, ëÙá·:
ÃÛáõÝ. take/have a ~ at Ñáïáï»É, Ñáï ù³ß»É. smoke [sməuk] n ÍáõË, ÙáõË. dense,
keen sense of ~ ëáõñ/Ýáõñμ Ñáï³éáõÃÛáõÝ. a thick/black ~ óÝÓñ/ë¨ ÍáõË. a cloud/pillar of
~ of burning í³é³ÍÇ Ñáï: ~ ÍËÇ ³Ùå/ëÛáõÝ. No ~ without fire ²é³Ýó
smell [smel] v Ñáï ù³ß»É, Ñáïáï»É. ~ a rose Ïñ³Ï ÍáõË ãϳ. go up in ~ ³Ûñí»É,
í³ñ¹Çó Ñáï ù³ß»É. ~ danger íï³Ý· ½·³É. áãÝã³Ý³É. ÷Ëμ., ËëÏó. ϳï³Õ»É. end in ~
~ a rat ÷Ëμ. í³ï μ³Ý (ݳ˳)½·³É. (Ñáï ³å³ñ¹ÛáõÝ í»ñç³Ý³É. (ÍË»ÉÁ) have a ~
áõݻݳÉ/³ñӳϻÉ) ~ of garlic ëËïáñÇ Ñáï ÍË»É. a ~ after lunch ׳ßÇó Ñ»ïá ÍË»ÉÁ. a
áõݻݳÉ/³ñӳϻÉ. It ~s of treachery ÷Ëμ. break or a ~ ÍË»Éáõ ÁݹÙÇçáõÙ. I haven’t got a
êñ³ÝÇó ¹³í³×³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ñáï ¿ ·³ÉÇë: ~ ËëÏó. ÌË»Éáõ μ³Ý ãáõÝ»Ù:
smelling-salts [΄smeliŋsɔ:lts] n Ñáï ù³ß»- smoke [sməuk] v ÍË»É. ³åËï»É. ~ like a
Éáõ ³Õ. ·É˳ó³íÁ í»ñ³óÝ»Éáõ ÙÇçáó£ chimney ³Ñ³íáñ ß³ï ÍË»É. (Í˳É) The
smelly [΄smeli] a ·³ñß³Ñáï, Ñáï³Í: stove ~s badly ì³é³ñ³ÝÁ ß³ï áõÅ»Õ ÍËáõÙ
smelt [smelt] v ѳɻÉ, ѳɻÉáí ½ï»É/ëï³- ¿. ~ meat/ham/fish ÙÇë/ÓáõÏ ³åËï»É:
ݳÉ: smoke-ball [΄sməukbɔ:l] n Í˳éáõÙμ:
smelter [΄smeltə] n ѳÉáó³ñ³Ý, Ù»ï³Õ³- smoked [sməukt] a Í˳éáõÙμ. ~ glass
Óáõɳñ³Ý: Í˳·áõÛÝ ³å³ÏÇ:
smeltery [΄smeltəri] n Ù»ï³Õ³ÓáõÉ³Ï³Ý smokeless [΄sməukləs] a ³ÝÍáõË:
·áñͳñ³Ý: smoker [΄sməukə] n ÍËáÕ. í³·áÝ ÍËáÕ-
smile [smail] n ÅåÇï. charming/bitter/timid/en- Ý»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. a heavy ~ Ãáõݹ ÍËáÕ:
couraging/forced ~ ÑÙ³ÛÇã/¹³éÁ/»ñÏãáï, smoke-screen [΄sməukskri:n] n Í˳ͳÍ-
ËÕ×áõÏ/Ëñ³ËáõëáÕ/ѳñϳ¹ñ³Ï³Ý ÏáõÛÃ. put up a ~ Í˳ͳÍÏáõÛà ³é³ç³ó-
ÅåÇï. break into a ~ ³ÙμáÕç ¹»Ùùáí Ý»É/ëï»ÕÍ»É:
Ååï³É Ååï³Éáõó ¹»ÙùÁ ɳÛݳݳÉ/ raise a smoking-carriage [΄sməukiŋ‚kæridз] n
~ ÅåÇï ³é³ç³óÝ»É. give a ~ Ååï³É: í³·áÝ ÍËáÕÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. ~ compartment
smile [smail] v Ååï³É. ~ approval ѳí³Ýáõ- ÍËáÕÝ»ñÇ Ïáõå». ~ room ÍË»Éáõ ë»ÝÛ³Ï,
ÃÛ³Ùμ Ååï³É. Keep smiling ! øÇù ÙÇ° Í˳ñ³Ý:
ϳËÇ. Fortune ~s upon him ´³ËïÁ ÅåïáõÙ smoke signal [΄sməuksignl] n ÍËÇ ³½¹³-
¿ Ýñ³Ý: Ýß³Ý:
smirch [smə:t∫] 1. n μÇÍ (ëáíñ. ÷Ëμ.). 2. v smoky [΄sməuki] a Í˳ÉÇó, Í˳˳éÝ,
Ï»Õïáï»É, μÇÍ ¹Ý»É. ÷Ëμ. ³ñ³ï³íáñ»É, Í˳·áõÛÝ a ~ atmosphere Í˳ÉÇó ÙÃÝáÉáñï.
˳Ûï³é³Ï»É: a ~ flavour Í˳ѳÙ. ~ grey Í˳ÙáËñ³-
smirk [smə:k]1. n μéݳ½μáëÇÏ/Ñ»·Ý³Ï³Ý ·áõÛÝ, »ñÏݳÙáËñ³·áõÛÝ:
smooth 762 snappy

smooth [smu:ð] a ѳñÃ, ÏáÏ, áÕáñÏ. ~ sur- ~ ²Ýå³ñÏ»ßï/²Ýí³Û»É μ³Ý»ñ ¹áõñë ÙÇ°
face/stone/face ѳñà ٳϻñ»ë/ ù³ñ/ ¹»Ùù. a ï³£
~ road ѳñÃ/áõÕÇÕ ×³Ý³å³ñÑ. ~ sea/ ocean smutty [΄smΛti] a Ï»Õïáï, ³Õïáï. ³Ý-
ѳݹ³ñï Íáí/ûíÏdzÝáë. a ~ decent/take off í³Û»É, ³Ýå³ñÏ»ßï:
μ³ñ»Ñ³çáÕ/ѳݷÇëï í³Ûñ¿çù/ÃéÇãù. a ~ snack [snæk] n ûè/ѳå×»å ݳ˳׳ßÇÏ.
crossing ѳݷÇëï Íáí³ÛÇÝ ×³Ù÷áñ¹áõ- have a ~ ûè ݳ˳׳߻É, áïùÇ íñ³ ÙÇ
ÃÛáõÝ. (Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó Ù³ëÇÝ) ~ manners ÷³- μ³Ý áõï»É. ~s ³Õ³Ý¹»ñ:
Õ³ùáõß ß³ñÅáõÓ¨ ~ tongue Ù»Õáõß É»½áõ. snag [snæg] n ³ñ·»Éù, ËáãÁݹáï. ³Ýë-
É»½í³ÝÇ. ~ type ëճɳÍ/ëÕ³Éí³Í ïÇå: å³ë»ÉÇ ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. That’s the ~ ²Ñ³ û
smooth [smu:ð] v ѳñÃ/áÕáñÏ ¹³ñÓÝ»É. ÇÝãÝ ¿ μ³ñ¹áõÃÛáõÝÁ:
ÏáÏ»É, ѳñûÉ. í»ñ³óÝ»É. ~ one’s hair snail [sneil] n ËËáõÝç. at a ~ space ÏñdzÛÇ
Ù³½»ñÁ ÏáÏ»É/ѳñûÉ. ~ way for smb ÷Ëμ. ù³ÛÉ»ñáí, ß³ï ¹³Ý¹³Õ:
Ù»ÏÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ׳ݳå³ñÑ Ñ³ñûÉ. ~ down snake [sneik] n ûÓ. ÷Ëμ. ã³ñ/ݻݷ³ÙÇï
ѳݷëï³óÝ»É, ˳ճջóÝ»É. ~ out Ù³ñ¹. a ~ in the grass ÷Ëμ. ³Ýï»ë³Ý»ÉÇ
ѳñûóÝ»É. ~ over differences ï³ñμ»ñáõ- ÃßݳÙÇ, óùáõÝ íï³Ý· a ~ in one’s bosom
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ í»ñ³óÝ»É: ÏñÍùÇ íñ³ ï³ù³óñ³Í ûÓ, ³å»ñ³Ëï
smooth-faced [΄smu:ðfeist] a ѳñÃ/Ù³ùáõñ Ù³ñ¹:
ë³÷ñí³Í. ¹»ÙùÇ Ýáõñμ/ѳñà ٳßÏ. ÷Ëμ. snaky [΄sneiki] a ûÓÇ, ûÓ³ÛÇÝ. ã³ñ³Ý»Ý·.
Ï»Õͳíáñ, »ñÏ»ñ»ë³ÝÇ: ûÓ»ñáí ÉÇ:
smoothly [΄smu:ðli] adv ѳñà ϻñåáí. snakebite [΄sneikbait] n ûÓÇ Ë³ÛÃ:
áõÕÇÕ. ³Ý˳÷³Ý Ï»ñåáí. ËëÏó. μ³ñ»- snap [snæp] n ׳ÛÃÛáõÝ, ß³ãÛáõÝ. ãñËÏáó,
ѳçáÕ. Everything is going ~ ²Ù»Ý ÇÝã ѳñÃ/ ßñËÏáó. a ~ of fingers Ù³ïÝ»ñÁ ãñóóÝ»ÉÁ
É³í ¿ ·ÝáõÙ. The engine is running ~ Ø»ù»Ý³Ý a cold ~ û¹»ñÃ. ³Ýëå³ë»ÉÇ, ÏïñáõÏ óáõñï.
³Ý˳÷³Ý ¿ ³ß˳ïáõÙ: (ýáïá) Éáõë³Ýϳñ I’ll take a ~ of you
smother [΄smΛðə] v ˻չ»É, ˻չ³Ù³Ñ ÎÝϳñ»Ù ù»½, Ïã(ñ)ËϳóÝ»Ù:
³Ý»É. ~ the flames Ïñ³ÏÁ Ù³ñ»É. (½ëå»É) ~ snap [snæp] a ßï³å, ѳå×»å. a ~ decision
a yawn/anger Ñáñ³ÝçÁ/½³ÛñáõÛÃÁ ½ëå»É: ѳå×»å áñáßáõÙ. ~ election ³ñï³Ñ»ñÃ
smoulder [΄sməuldə] v Ù³ñٳݹ/ÃáõÛÉ í³é- ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝ:
í»É, Ù˳Éáí ³Ûñí»É. The logs were ~ing ¶»- snap [snæp] adv ѳÝϳñÍ. ×ñÃ×ñóÉáí. The
ñ³ÝÝ»ñÁ Ù³ñٳݹ í³éíáõÙ ¿ÇÝ. (·³ÕïÝÇ branch went ~ ÖÛáõÕÁ ѳÝϳñÍ, ×ñÃ×ñóÉáí
ïÑ³× ½·³óÙáõÝù ï³Í»É). Her resentment Ïáïñí»ó:
~ed Üñ³ Ù»ç ³×áõÙ ¿ñ íñ¹áíÙáõÝùÁ: snap [snæp] v Ïáïñ»É. ßñËϳóÝ»É. ëáÕݳ-
smudge [smΛdз] n μÇÍ, Ï»Õï³μÇÍ. Í˳- Ï»É. ~ the stick in two ÷³ÛïÁ »ñÏáõ Ï»ë
óáÕ Ë³ñáõÛÏ: ³Ý»É. ~ shut ÷³Ï»É. ~ the bag shut å³Ûáõ-
smudge [smΛdз] v Ï»Õïáï»É, Ï»ÕïÇ μÍ»ñ ë³ÏÁ ÷³Ï»É. take a ~ shot í³ÛñÏ۳ݳϳÝ
¹Ý»É. ùë»Éáí Ï»Õïáï»É. The address is ~d Ýϳñ»É. (ýáïá) í³Ûñϻݳå»ë Ýϳñ³Ñ³-
гëó»Ý çÝçí»É/ëñμí»É ¿. The rain ~d the paint Ý»É (ãËϳóÝ»É) The rope ~ped å³ñ³ÝÁ
²ÝÓñ¨Á Ù³ùñ»É-ï³ñ»É ¿ñ Ý»ñÏÁ: Ïïñí»ó. The dog ~ped his leg ßáõÝÁ μéÝ»ó
smug [smΛg] a ÇÝùݳ·áÑ, ÇÝùݳμ³í³Ï³Ý: Ýñ³ áïùÁ. ~ off åáÏ»É, ÷ñóÝ»É. ~ out
smuggle [smΛgl] v Ù³ùë³Ý»Ý·áõÃÛ³Ùμ Ùdzݷ³ÙÇó ³ë»É. ³½³ïí»É, Ãáó÷»É. ~
½μ³Õí»É. ~ in Ù³ùë³Ý»Ý·áñ»Ý Ý»ñÙáõÍ»É. out of depression ٻɳÙÕÓáïáõÃÛáõÝÁ/Ùé³ÛÉ
~ out Ù³ùë³Ý»Ý·áñ»Ý ³ñï³Ñ³Ý»É: ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ãáó÷»É. ~ up ³ñ³·
smuggler [΄smΛglə] n Ù³ùë³Ý»Ý·, ·Ý»É, ÃéóÝ»É. All the hats were ~ped ¶É˳ñÏ-
Ù³ùë³Ý»Ý· Ù³ñ¹: Ý»ñÝ ³ñ³· í³×³éí»óÇÝ/ëå³éí»óÇÝ:
smuggling [΄smΛgliŋ] n Ù³ùë³Ý»Ý·áõ- snapdragon [΄snæp‚drægən] n μáõë. ³éÛáõ-
ÃÛáõÝ. be engaged in ~ Ù³ùë³Ý»Ý·áõÃÛ³Ùμ ͳμ»ñ³Ý:
½μ³Õí»É: snapfastener [΄snæp‚fa:snə] n 먻鳷³Ù,
smut [smΛt] n Ùáõñ. a ~ on your nose Ùáõñ ùÃÇ Ïá×·³Ù:
íñ³. ³Ýí³Û»É/³Ýå³ñÏ»ßï μ³Ý. Don’t talk snappy [΄snæpi] a ϳï³ÕÇ, ÏͳÝ/ßáõÝ/.
snapshot 763 snort

׳ñåÇÏ, »é³Ý¹áõÝ. a ~ answer ׳ñåÇÏ sniff [snif] v ýëýë³É. Ñáï ù³ß»É. ÷Ëμ.
å³ï³ë˳Ý. Look ~ ! Be ~ about it! Make it ÑáïÝ ³éÝ»É. Can you ~ gas/smoke? ¶³½Ç/
~ ! ²ñ³·, ºé³Ý¹áí£ ÌËÇ Ñáï ã»±ë ³éÝáõÙ. (ùÇÃÁ í»ñ ù³ß»É).
snapshot [΄snæp∫ɒt] n í³ÛñÏ»Ý³Ï³Ý Don’t ~ øÇù í»ñ ÙÇ ù³ßÇ. ~ around Ñáïá-
Éáõë³Ýϳñ. take a ~ ³ñ³· Éáõë³Ýϳñ»É: ï»É. Not to be ~ed at ÷Ëμ., ËëÏó. âÇ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ
snare [sneə]1. n óϳñ¹, ÍáõÕ³Ï. 2. v ³ñѳٳñÑ»É:
ÍáõÕ³ÏÁ ·ó»É, óϳñ¹áí μéÝ»É: sniffle [snifl] v ýëë³óÝ»É, ùÃáí û¹Á ³ÕÙáõ-
snarl [sna:l]1. n ·éÙéáó, ÙéÃÙéÃáó. 2. v Ïáí Ý»ñë ù³ß»É. ùÇÃÁ í»ñ ù³ß»É:
·éÙé³É. ~ out ÙéÝã³É, ϳï³Õ³Í Ëáë»É: sniffy [΄snifi] a ³ñѳٳñѳϳÝ. í³ï Ñáï
snarl [sna:l] 1. n Ë××í³Í ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. 2. v ~ áõÝ»óáÕ:
up ˳éÝ»É, Ë××»É. snigger [΄snigə]1. n ùÙÍÇͳÕ, ½ëåí³Í ÍÇ-
snatch [snæt∫] n μéÝ»Éáõ/ËÉ»Éáõ/׳ÝÏ»Éáõ ͳÕ. 2. v ùÙÍÇͳջÉ. ~ about/at smth áñ¨¿
÷áñÓ. make a ~ ÷áñÓ»É μéÝ»É/׳ÝÏ»É. μ³ÝÇ íñ³ ùÙÍÇͳջÉ:
(ѳïí³Í, Ïïáñ) ~es of “Carmen” ѳïí³Í- snip [snip] n Ïïáñ, Ïïáñï³Ýù. Cut off a ~ of
Ý»ñ “γñٻݔ ûå»ñ³ÛÇó. ~es of conversation the material ·áñÍí³ÍùÇó ÙÇ Ïïáñ Ïïñ»É.
Ëáë³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý μ»ÏáñÝ»ñ. work/sleep in ~es ~s Ù»ï³Õ Ïïñ»Éáõ ÙÏñ³ï. It’s a ~ ËëÏó.
³ß˳ï»É/ùÝ»É ÁݹѳïáõÙÝ»ñáí: Þ³ï ¿Å³Ý ¿, ²í»ÉÇ ¿Å³Ý Ñݳñ³íáñ ã¿:
snatch [snæt∫] v ׳ÝÏ»É, ËÉ»É, ѳ÷ßï³Ï»É. snip [snip] v Ïïñ»É. ~ the ends of the rope å³-
He ~ed the pen from my hand ¶ñÇãÁ Ó»éùÇóë ñ³ÝÇ Í³Ûñ»ñÁ Ïïñ»É:
ËÉ»ó. ~ off åáÏ»É, ÃéóÝ»É. ~ out ¹áõñë snipe [snaip] 1. n ϻݹ. Ùáñ³Ïïó³ñ (μ»-
Ïáñ½»É: ϳë). ÷Ëμ. ÙdzÙÇï/³ÝË»Éù Ù³ñ¹. 2. v
snatchy [΄snæt∫i] a ÁݹѳïáõÝ, ³Ýϳå, óùëïáóÇó Ïñ³Ï»É. ã³ñ³Ëݹ³É, ˳ÛûÉ:
ÏóÏïáõñ. çÕ³Ó·³ÛÇÝ: sniper [΄snaipə] n ¹Çåáõϳѳñ/³Ýíñ»å
snazzy [΄snæzi] a ËëÏó. å×ݳÙáɳÛÇÝ. Ïñ³ÏáÕ. ëݳÛå»ñ:
åÇÅáݳϳݣ snippy [΄snipi] a ÏóÏïáõñ, ³Ýϳå. ÁݹÙÇç-
sneak [sni:k] n Ù³ïÝÇã, ½ñå³ñïÇã: íáÕ, ÁݹѳïáõÙÝ»ñáí:
sneak [sni:k] v ËëÏó. ~ about/around ·³Õï³- snivel [΄snivl]1. n ÃÝ·ÃÝ·áó. ÷ëÉÇÝù, ËÉÇÝù.
·áÕÇ ß³ñÅí»É ~ off ¹áõñë åñÍÝ»É. ~ up from 2. v ÃÝ·ÃÝ·³É, ÝíÝí³É:
behind ³ÝÝϳï»ÉÇ Ñ»ï¨Çó Ùáï»Ý³É. ~ up snob [snɒb] n å×ݳÙáÉ/Ùá¹³Û³ÙáÉ Ù³ñ¹.
on smb ¹åñ. Ù³ïÝ»É, Éáõñ (˳μ³ñ) ï³É. ëÝáμ:
(˳μ³ñ μ½ÇÏ): snobbery [΄snɒbəri] n ëÝáμǽÙ:
sneaker(s) [΄sni:kə(z)] n Ù³ïÝÇã, ½ñå³ñ- snood [snu:d] n ó³Ýó Ù³½»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ:
ïÇã. μ³Ùμ³ë³Ý. ËëÏó., Ùñ½. Ù³ßÇÏ snook [snu:k] n ËëÏó. ùÇÃ. cock a ~ at smb
(ãëï»ñ)£ Ù»ÏÇÝ ùÇà óáõÛó ï³É:
sneaking [΄sni:kiŋ] a óùáõÝ, áã ³ÏÝѳÛï. snooker [΄snu:kə] n ëÝáõÏ»ñ. Ùñ½. ˳Õ.
have ~ sympathy Ñá·áõ٠ϳñ»Ïó»É. ~ suspi- (μÇÉÛ³ñ¹Ç ï»ë³Ï)£
cion áã ³ÏÝѳÛï ϳëϳÍ: snoop [snu:p] v ËëÏó. ùÇÃÁ áõñÇßÇ ·áñÍ»ñÇ
sneaky [΄sni:ki] a í³ËÏáï, ëïáñ: Ù»ç ËáÃ»É (Éñï»ë»É) He was ~ing round my
sneer [sniə] 1. n ùÙÍÇͳÕ, Ñ»·Ý³Ï³Ý study ÆÝã-áñ μ³Ý ¿ñ ÷ÝïñáõÙ ÇÙ ³ß˳ï³-
ÅåÇï. ͳÕñ³Ýù, ͳÕñ. 2. v ͳÕñ»É, ͳ- ë»ÝÛ³ÏáõÙ:
ݳϻÉ. ~ one down Ù»ÏÇÝ Í³ÕñÇ »ÝóñÏ»É: snoot [snu:t] n ËëÏó. ùÇÃ, ÙéáõÃ, é»Ë:
sneering [΄sniəriŋ] a ÍÇͳջÉÇ: snooze [snu:z] n ϳñ×³ï¨ ùáõÝ/ÝÇÝç. ~ in
sneeze [sni:z] 1. n ÷éßïáó. a loud ~ μ³ñÓñ the sun ³ñ¨Ç ï³Ï ÝÝç»É:
÷éßïáó. 2. v ÷éßï³É. not to be ~d at ÷Ëμ. snore [snɔ:] 1. n ËéÙ÷áó, ËéÙ÷³ÉÁ. loud
ÇÝã ãÇ Ï³ñ»ÉÇ Ñ³ßíÇ ã³éÝ»É: ~s μ³ñÓñ ËéÙ÷áó. 2. v ËéÙ÷³óÝ»É. ~ a
snick [snik] 1. n Ïïñí³Íù. 2. v Ïïñí³Íù little ûè ËéÙ÷³óݻɣ
³Ý»É: snorkel [΄snɔ:kl] n ³Ïí³É³Ý·Ç ËáÕáí³Ï£
sniff [snif] n ýëýëáó, ÷Ýãáó. ùÇÃÁ í»ñ snort [snɔ:t]1. n ÷éÝãáó, ÷éÝã³óÝ»ÉÁ. (ÓÇ).
ù³ß»ÉÁ. ÷éÃÏáó: 2. v ÷éÝã³óÝ»É, ÷Ýã³óÝ»É:
snorter 764 so

snorter [΄snɔ:tə] n ËëÏó. ·É˳ó³í³Ýù winter ÓÛáõÝáï ÓÙ»é. a ~ roof Óݳå³ï


(³é³ç³óÝáÕ). That’s a ~ of a problem ¶ÉáõË ï³ÝÇù:
Ïáïñ»Éáõ åñáμɻ٠¿: snub [snΛb] 1. ݳ˳ïÇÝù, Ïßï³Ùμ³Ýù. It
snout [snaut] n ¹áõÝã, ÙéáõÃ: was a ~ ¸³ ݳ˳ïÇÝù ¿ñ. 2. v ݳ˳ï»É,
snow [snəu] n ÓÛáõÝ. ÷Ëμ. ×»ñÙ³Ï Ù³½»ñ, ѳݹÇٳݻÉ. ï»ÕÁ ¹Ý»É:
ëåÇï³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ: deep/clean/heavy/wet /pow- snub [snΛb] a í»ñ óóí³Í, Ï׳ï (ùÇÃ):
der ~ Ëáñ/Ù³ùáõñ/Ëáݳí/áõÅ»Õ/Ù³Ýñ ÓÛáõÝ snubby [΄snΛbi] a í»ñ óóí³Í, Ï׳ï. ³ñ-
a heavy fall of ~ ÓÛáõݳï»ÕáõÙ. ~ bank Óݳ- ѳٳñѳϳÝ:
ÏáõÛï. ~ fence Óݳå³ßïå³Ý ó³Ýϳå³ï. snub-nosed [‚snΛb΄nəuzd] a Ï׳ï, í»ñ
~ line ÓÛ³Ý ë³Ñٳݳ·ÇÍ. óóí³Í ùÃáí. Ï׳ï³ùÇÃ:
snow [snəu] v ÓÛáõÝ ·³É. It’s ~ing ÒÛáõÝ ¿ ·³- snuff I [snΛf] n ùóËáï. take ~ ùóËáï
ÉÇë. It ~ed all day ²ÙμáÕç ûñÁ ÓÛáõÝ »Ï³í. ~ ù³ß»É. a pinch of ~ ÙÇ åïÕáõÝó ùóËáï. ~
off ÓÛ³Ý å³ï׳éáí Ñ»ï³Ó·»É. The game box ùóËáï³ïáõ÷:
was ~ed off ʳÕÁ Ñ»ï³Ó·í»ó ÓÛ³Ý å³ï- snuff II [snΛf]1. n ÙáÙÇ ³Ûñáó. 2. v ÙáÙÇ
׳éáí. ~ under ï³ÏÁ óÕí»É/ÙݳÉ. He was ³ÛñáóÁ Ïïñ»É/ѳݻÉ. ~ out a candle ÙáÙÁ
~ed under the letters ܳ óÕí»É ¿ñ ݳٳÏ- ѳݷóÝ»É:
Ý»ñÇ Ù»ç. ~ up The road is ~ed up ÒÛáõÝÁ snuff [snΛf] v ùóËáï ù³ß»É, Ñáï ù³ß»É.
÷³Ï»É ¿ ׳ݳå³ñÑÁ: ³ñѳٳñѳÝù ³ñï³Ñ³Ûï»É:
snowball [΄snəubɔ:l] 1. n Óݳ·Ý¹Ç. play ~ snuff-coloured [΄snΛf‚kΛləd] a Í˳Ëá-
Óݳ·Ý¹Ç ˳ճÉ. 2. v Óݳ·Ý¹Ç ˳ճÉ, ï³·áõÛÝ, ¹»ÕÇÝ ¹³ñãݳ·áõÛÝ:
Çñ³ñ íñ³ ÓÛáõÝ ·ó»É. The boys were ~ing snuffers [΄snΛfəz] n ÙáÙÇ ³ÛñáóÁ Ïïñ»Éáõ
each other îճݻñÁ Çñ³ñ Ñ»ï Óݳ·Ý¹Ç ¿ÇÝ áõÝ»ÉÇ:
˳ÕáõÙ: snuffy [΄snΛfi] a ¹»ÕݳÍ. ËëÏó. ·ñ·éí³Í,
snowblind [΄snəublaind] n ÓݳÏáõñáõÃÛáõÝ: ½³Ûñ³ó³Í. ³Ý¹áõñ, ïѳ×:
snow-bound [΄snəubaund] a ÓÛáõÝáí ͳÍÏ- snug [snΛg] a ѳñÙ³ñ³í»ï, ѳݷëï³-
í³Í, ÓÛáõݳå³ï. ÓÛ³Ý å³ï׳éáí ßñç³- í»ï. a ~ little room ÷áùñÇÏ μ³ñ»Ñ³ñÙ³ñ
å³ïÇó Ïïñí³Í: ë»ÝÛ³Ï. (íñ³Ý ÏÇå ÝëïáÕ) The coat is a ~
snow-capped [΄snəukæpt] a Óݳå³ï, fit ì»ñ³ñÏáõÝ É³í ¿ Ýëï³Í. (óùáõÝ, ͳ-
ÓÛáõݳͳÍÏ: ÍáõÏ) lie ~ óùÝí»É, å³Ñí»É:
snow-clad [΄snəuklæd] a ÓÛáõݳå³ï, ÓÛáõ- snuggery [΄snΛgəri] n ѳñÙ³ñ³í»ï ë»Ý-
Ýáí ͳÍÏí³Í: Û³Ï. ѳݷëï³í»ï ï»Õ:
snowdrift [΄snəudrift] n ÓݳÏáõï³Ï, Óݳ- snuggle [΄snΛgl] v ë»ÕÙí»É, Ñåí»É, ÷³ñí»É.
ÏáõÛï. ÓݳÑÛáõë: The child ~d up to its mother ºñ»Ë³Ý ÷³ñí»É
snowdrop [΄snəudrɒp] n ÓÝͳÕÇÏ: ¿ñ ÙáñÁ:
snow-fall [΄snəufɔ:l] n ÓÛáõݳï»ÕáõÙ, ÓÛáõÝ so [səu] 1. adv ³Ûëå»ë, ³Û¹å»ë, ³ÛÝå»ë. ~
·³ÉÁ. ï»ÕáõÙÝ»ñÇ ù³Ý³ÏÁ: glad/happy ³ÛÝù³Ý áõñ³Ë/»ñç³ÝÇÏ. I think
snow-flake [΄snəufleik] n ÓÛ³Ý ÷³ÃÇÉ: ~ ºë ³Û¹å»ë »Ù ϳñÍáõÙ. γñÍáõÙ »Ù, áñ.
snowman [΄snəumæn] n ÓÝ» Ù³ñ¹: I don’t think ~ â»Ù ϳñÍáõÙ, г½Çí û. if ~
snowplough [΄snəuplau] n ÓÛáõÝ Ù³ùñáÕ »Ã» ³Û¹å»ë ¿. Is that ~? ØDZû. ~ much the
Ù»ù»Ý³, ÓÛáõݳٳùñÇã: better ³í»ÉÇ É³í. ~ far as áñù³Ýáí. ~ long as
snow-shoe [΄snəu∫u:] n ÓÛáõݳÙáõ׳ϣ ù³ÝÇ ¹»é. å³ÛÙ³Ýáí áñ. ~ far ³é³ÛÅÙ. It’s
snowslide [΄snəuslaid] n ÓÛáõݳÏñÏݳÏá- not ~ ¸³ ³Û¹å»ë ã¿. S~ be it ÂáÕ ³Û¹å»ë
ßÇÏ: ÉÇÝÇ. ~ to speak ³Ûëå»ë ³ë³Í. ~ as not
snow-storm [΄snəustɔ:m] n μáõù, μáñ³Ý, áñå»ë½Ç ã... and ~ on/forth ¨ ³ÛÉÝ, ¨ ³ÛÉÝ.
ÓÛáõݳÑáÕÙ: why ~ ? ÆëÏ ÇÝãá±õ (ѳëï³ïáõÙ) You look
snow-white [‚snəu΄wait] a ÓÛáõݳ÷³ÛÉ. tired. and ~ I am ¸áõù Ñá·Ý³Í ï»ëù áõÝ»ù.
ÓÛ³Ý å»ë ×»ñÙ³Ï: ºë Çëϳå»ë Ñá·Ý³Í »Ù. (ÝáõÛÝå»ë) I was
snowy [΄snəui] a ÓÛáõݳÛÇÝ, ÓÛáõݳå³ï, there. And ~ was I ºñ»Ï »ë ³ÛÝï»Õ ¿Ç. ºë
ÓÛáõݳͳÍÏ. Óݳé³ï. ÷Ëμ. Ù³ùáõñ a ~ ÝáõÛÝå»ë. ~ that, ~ as to áñå»ë½Ç. He was ~
soak 765 society

week ܳ ³ÛÝù³Ý ÃáõÛÉ ¿ñ. You don’t say ~ âÇ áÕç³ÙÇï. a ~ critic ÷Ëμ. ûμÛ»ÏïÇí ùÝݳ-
ϳñáÕ å³ï³Ñ»É. or ~ ϳ٠Ùáï³íáñ³- ¹³ï. a ~ judgement ëó÷ ¹³ïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ~
å»ë. 2. cnj (and) ~ ѻ勉μ³ñ, ³ÛÝå»ë áñ. minded Éñç³ËáÑ, ËáÑ»Ù, ѳí³ë³ñ³-
3. int ¹»°, í»°ñç, Ñ»ñÇ°ù ¿. ~ what ~? ¹» DZÝã. Ïßéí³Í:
So that’s that ²Ñ³ ¨ ³Ù»ÝÁ: sober [΄səubə] v ½·³ëï³óÝ»É, ëó÷»óÝ»É.
soak [səuk] n ÃñçáõÙ, Ãñçáó ¹Ý»ÉÁ. ËëÏó. ½·³ëï³Ý³É, ëó÷í»É. ~ smb up Ù»ÏÇÝ
ï»Õ³ï³ñ³÷/Ñáñ¹ ³ÝÓñ¨. ËëÏó. ·Çݳñ- ëó÷»óÝ»É. ~ down ½·³ëï³Ý³É. áõßùÇ/
μáõù, ѳñμ»óáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. give the cloth a good Ë»ÉùÇ ·³É. With age he has ~ed down
~ ÏïáñÁ ÙÇ É³í Ãñç»É. (·ñ³í) put in ~ ·ñ³í î³ñÇÝ»ñÁ Ýñ³Ý Ë»ÉùÇ μ»ñ»óÇÝ:
¹Ý»É: soberly [΄səubəli] adv ½·³ëï Ï»ñåáí,
soak [səuk] v Ãñç(í)»É. ~ cloth in die ÏïáñÁ ½·³ëïáñ»Ý. He dresses ~ ÷Ëμ. ܳ ѳٻëï
Ý»ñÏÇ Ù»ç ÁÝÏÕÙ»É. get ~ed Ãñçí»É. ~ed to ¿ ѳ·ÝíáõÙ:
the skin ÙÇÝ㨠áëÏáñÝ»ñÁ Ãñçí³Í. leave the sobriety [səu΄braiəti] n ëó÷áõÃÛáõÝ, ã³-
pan to ~ ï³å³ÏÁ Ãñçáó ¹Ý»É. ~ in Ëáñ³- ÷³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ, áÕç³ÙïáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ check
ݳÉ, Ëáñ³ëáõ½í»É. Ý»ñÍÍí»É. ~ in music point ëó÷áõÃÛ³Ý ëïáõ·Ù³Ý Ï»ï:
»ñ³ÅßïáõÃÛ³Ùμ ï³ñí»É. ~ up Ý»ñÍÍ»É. The sobriquet [΄səubrikei] n ͳÕñ³ÝáõÝ, Ï»Õ-
sponge ~ed up the water êåáõÝ·Á çáõñÁ ͳÝáõÝ, ٳϳÝáõÝ:
Ý»ñÍÍ»ó: sob-stuff [΄sɒbstΛf] n ë»ÝïÇÙ»Ýï³É
soaker [΄səukə] n ï»Õ³ï³ñ³÷/Ñáñ¹ ³ÝÓ- å³ïÙí³Íù/ýÇÉÙ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ:
ñ¨. ËëÏó. Ãáõݹ ѳñμ»óáÕ, ·ÇÝ»ÙáÉ: so-called [‚səu΄kɔ:ld] a ³Ûëå»ë Ïáãí³Í:
soaking [΄səukiŋ] a My coat is ~ wet soccer [΄sɒkə] n ýáõïμáÉ£
ì»ñ³ñÏáõë ÉñÇí Ãñçí³Í ¿: sociable [΄səu∫əbl] a ѳÕáñ¹³ë»ñ, ß÷íáÕ.
so-and-so [΄səuənsəu] n ³ÛëÇÝãÁ. Mr ~ Ù³ñ¹³Ùáï. I’m not ~ today ²Ûëûñ áã-áùÇ ã»Ù
å³ñáÝ ³ÛëÇÝãÁ: áõ½áõÙ ï»ëÝ»É:
soap [səup] n û׳é. soft ~ Ñ»ÕáõÏ û׳é. ~ social [΄səu∫l] a ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý, ëáódzɳ-
powder Éí³óùÇ ÷áßÇ. ~ dish û׳éÇ ³Ù³Ý. ~ ϳÝ. ~ science ëáóÇáÉá·Ç³, ѳë³ñ³Ï³·Ç-
box û׳éÇ ³ñÏÕ. ~ bubble û׳éÇ åÕåç³Ï. ïáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ sciences ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ·Ç-
~ flakes û׳éÇ ï³ß»Õ. ~ suds û׳é³- ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. ~ security ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý ³å³-
÷ñ÷áõñ, û׳é³çáõñ: Ñáí³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ ~ welfare ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý
soap [səup] v û׳é»É, ë³åáÝ»É. ËëÏó. ß³- μ³ñ»Ï»óáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ status ëáódzɳϳÝ
Õ³Ïñ³ï»É: ϳñ·³íÇ׳Ï. ~ background ëáódzɳϳÝ
soapboxer [΄səup‚bɒksə] n ³Ù. ÷áÕáó³ÛÇÝ Í³·áõÙ. ~ framework ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ϳ-
Ñé»ïáñ: éáõóí³Íù. ~ infrastructure ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý »Ý-
soapy [΄səupi] a û׳éÇ, ë³åáÝÇ. û׳- óϳéáõóí³Íù. ~ circles ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý
éáï/ë³åÝáï, û׳é³Í/ë³åáݳÍ. ËëÏó. ß»ñï»ñ. ~ evening »ñ»ÏáõÛÃ, ѳí³ùáõÛÃ.
ùÍÝÇ, ßáÕáùáñÃ. ~ water û׳éáï/ë³åÝáï lead a ~ life Ù³ëݳÏó»É ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý
çáõñ. û׳é³çáõñ/ë³åݳçáõñ. ~ hands ÏÛ³ÝùÇÝ, ѳë³ñ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É. a ~
û׳é³Í/ë³åÝ³Í Ó»éù»ñ: climber ÷Ëμ. μ³Ëï³·Ûáõï Ù³ñ¹£
soar [sɔ:]1. n ׳ËñáõÙ, ׳Ëñ»ÉÁ. ë³í³é- social-democracy [‚səu∫ldi΄mɒkrəsi] n
ÝáõÙ. 2. v ׳Ëñ»É, ë³í³éÝ»É. Prices ~ed ëáódzÉ-¹»ÙáÏñ³ïdz:
÷Ëμ. ¶Ý»ñÁ í»ñ ËáÛ³ó³Ý: socialize [΄səu∫əlaiz] v ѳÝñ³ÛݳóÝ»É,
sob [sɒb] n ѻϻϳÝù, Ñ»ÍÏÉï³Ýù. ~ stuff ³½·³ÛݳóÝ»É. ß÷í»É:
ËëÏó. ë»ÝïÇÙ»Ýï³ÉáõÃÛáõÝ: socially [΄səu∫əli] adv I meet him ~ ºë Ýñ³Ý
sob [sɒb] v ѻϻϳÉ, Ñ»ÍÏÉï³É. ~ one’s heart ѳݹÇåáõÙ »Ù ÑÛáõñ ·Ý³ÉÇë:
out áõÅ»Õ Ñ»ÍÏÉï³É. She ~bed herself to sleep society [sə΄saiəti] n ѳë³ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ϳ½-
²ÛÝù³Ý ɳó»ó, ÙÇÝ㨠ùÝ»ó: ٳϻñåáõÃÛáõÝ. high ~ μ³ñÓñ ѳë³ñ³Ïáõ-
so-be-it [səu΄bi:it] ÃáÕ ³Û¹å»ë ÉÇÝÇ: ÃÛáõÝ. elite ~ ÁÝïñÛ³É Ñ³ë³ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. a
sober [΄səubə] a ½·³ëï, ãѳñμ³Í, ëó÷, learned ~ ·Çï³Ï³Ý ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. a dramatic
áÕç³ÙÇï. stone ~ ÉñÇí/³ÙμáÕçáíÇÝ ëó÷/ ~ óï»ñ³Ï³Ý ËÙμ³Ï. consumer ~ ëå³-
sociology 766 soldier

éáÕÝ»ñÇ ÙÇáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ woman μ³ñÓñ³ß- softly [΄sɒftli] adv Ù»ÕÙáñ»Ý, ѳݹ³ñï,


˳ñÑÇÏ ïÇÏÇÝ: ³Ý³ÕÙáõÏ:
sociology [‚səu∫i΄ɒlədзi] n ëáóÇáÉá·Ç³: soft pedal [‚sɒft΄pedl] 1. n »ñÅß. Ó³Ë
sock I [sɒk] n ÏÇë³·áõÉå³, ϳñ× ·áõÉå³. áïݳÏÁ (廹³ÉÁ). 2. v Ù»ÕÙ³óÝ»É. Better ~
knee-length ~s ·áÉý»ñ: that expression ÷Ëμ. ²í»ÉÇ É³í ¿ Ù»ÕÙ³óÝ»É
sock II [sɒk]1. n ͳÝñ ѳñí³Í. give one ~(s) ³Û¹ ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÃÛáõÝÁ:
Ù»ÏÇÝ ë³ëïÇÏ Í»Í»É. get a ~ in the eye soft-soap [‚sɒft΄səup] v ßáÕáùáñûÉ, ·ÉáõËÁ
³ãùÇÝ Ñ³ñí³Í ëï³Ý³É. 2. v áõÅ»Õ Ë÷»É, ÛáõÕ»É:
ѳñí³Í»É: soft-spoken [‚sɒft΄səukən] a Ù»ÕÙ³Ëáë£
socket [΄sɒkit] n ÷áë, Ëáéáã. Ëáñß eye ~ soft ware [΄sɒftweə] n ѳٳϳñ·ã³ÛÇÝ
³ãùÇ Ëáéáã. wall ~ í³ñ¹³Ï: Íñ³·ñ»ñ. ~ firm ѳٳϳñ·ã³ÛÇÝ Íñ³·-
sod [sɒd] n ×ÇÙ³ÑáÕ: ñ»ñÇ Ùß³ÏÙ³Ùμ ¨ í³×³éùáí ½μ³ÕíáÕ
soda [΄səudə] n (ݳ¨ sodapop) ëá¹³, ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ a Íñ³·ñ³ÛÇÝ ³å³-
ëá¹³Û³çáõñ. bicarbonate of ~ ³Í˳ÃÃáõ ÑáíáõÙ. ~ compatibility Íñ³·ñ³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³-
ݳïñÇáõÙ. washing/baking ~ Éí³óùÇ/׳ßÇ ï»Õ»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ development Íñ³·ñ³ÛÇÝ
ëá¹³. whisky and ~ íÇëÏÇ ¨ ëá¹³Û³çáõñ: ³å³ÑáíÙ³Ý Ùß³ÏáõÙ. ~ engineering ÑÙÏñ·.
sodden [΄sɒdn] a Ëáݳí, óó, Ãñçí³Í. ~ Íñ³·ñ³íáñáõÙ. ~ interrupt Íñ³·ñ³ÛÇÝ Áݹ-
bread ÏÇë³ÃáõË/ûñ³ÃáõË Ñ³ó: ѳïáõÙ. ~ life cycle Íñ³·ñÇ ï¨áÕáõ-
sodium [΄səudiəm] n ùÇÙ. ݳïñÇáõÙ. ~ chlo- ÃÛ³Ý/ÏÛ³ÝùÇ óÇÏÉ. ~ support Íñ³·ñ³ÛÇÝ
rate ݳïñÇáõÙ ùÉáñǹ, Ï»ñ³ÏñÇ ³Õ: Çñ³óáõÙ. ~ tools ûųݹ³Ï Íñ³·ñ»ñ:
sofa [΄səufə] n μ³½Ùáó, ¹Çí³Ý: softy [΄sɒfti] n ËëÏó. ÃáõɳÙáñÃ/ÃáõɳϳÙ
soft [sɒft] a ÷³÷áõÏ. ~ cloth/armchair ÷³- Ù³ñ¹:
÷áõÏ ·áñÍí³Íù/μ³½Ï³Ãáé. ~ to the touch soggy [΄sɒgi] a óó, Ãñçí³Í. ~ bread ûñ³-
÷³÷áõÏ (ßáß³÷»ÉÇë). go ~ ÷³÷Ï»É. ÷ã³- ÃáõË Ñ³ó. ~ ground ׳Ñ×áï ·»ïÇÝ/ÑáÕ:
Ý³É (Ùñ·»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ) ~ money ÃÕó¹ñ³Ù. soil I [sɔil] n ·»ïÇÝ, ÑáÕ. poor ~ ³Ý³ñ·³-
the ~ sign É»½í. ÷³÷ÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ýß³Ý (éáõë. ü) í³Ý¹ ÑáÕ. rich ~ å³ñ³ñï ÑáÕ. foreign/na-
(Ù»ÕÙ, áã μ³ñÓñ) ~ voice/climate Ù»ÕÙ tive ~ ÷Ëμ. ûï³ñ/ѳÛñ»ÝÇ ÑáÕ:
Ó³ÛÝ/ÏÉÇÙ³. ~ light/colour ѳݷÇëï ÉáõÛë/ soil II [sɔil]1. n μÇÍ, Ï»Õï³μÇÍ. ó»Ë, Ï»Õï.
·áõÛÝ»ñ. ~ smile Ýáõñμ ÅåÇï. ~ words 2. v Ï»Õïáï(í)»É, ó»Ëáï(í)»É. ~ one’s hands
Ýáõñμ/Ù»ÕÙ μ³é»ñ. ~ drink áã ³ÉÏáÑáɳÛÇÝ Ó»éù»ñÁ Ï»Õïáï»É:
ËÙÇãù. ~ person ÃáõɳÙáñÃ/Ãáõɳϳ٠³ÝÓ- soiled [΄sɔild] a Ï»Õïáï, Ï»Õïáïí³Í. ~
ݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ landing ³í. ѳݹ³ñï linen Ï»Õïáï ëåÇï³Ï»Õ»Ý:
í³Ûñ¿çù. a ~ option/job ÷Ëμ. Ñ»ßï ÁÝïñáõ- soil-pipe [΄sɔilpaip] n Ï»Õï³çñÇ ËáÕáí³Ï,
ÃÛáõÝ/³ß˳ï³Ýù. ~ in the head ËëÏó. ͳÉÁ ÏáÛáõÕÇ:
å³Ï³ë£ soiree [΄swa:rei] n »ñ»ÏáõÛÃ:
soft [sɒft] a ÑÙÏñ·. Íñ³·ñ³íáñíáÕ, Íñ³- sojourn [΄sɒdзən] 1. n ³Ù. ųٳݳϳíáñ
·ñ³ÛÇÝ. ~ key ÑÙÏñ·. Íñ³·ñ³íáñíáÕ ³Ûó/³åñ»ÉÁ. 2. v ÑÛáõñ ÉÇÝ»É, ųٳݳϳ-
ëï»ÕÝ. ~ page break ¿çÇ “×ÏáõÝ” ë³ÑÙ³Ý: íáñ ÙݳÉ:
soften [΄sɒfn] v ÷³Ï»É, ÷³÷ϳݳÉ. Ù»ÕÙ³- sol [sɒl] n »ñÅß. ëáÉ Ó³ÛݳÝÇßÁ:
ݳÉ, Ù»ÕÙ³óÝ»É. Rain ~ed the ground ²ÝÓñ¨Á solace [΄sɒləs] n ÙËÇóñáõÃÛáõÝ, ë÷á÷³Ýù.
÷³÷ϳóñ»ó ÑáÕÁ. ~ smb up ÷Ëμ. Ù»ÏÇ seek/find ~ ÷Ýïñ»É/·ïÝ»É ÙËÇóñáõÃÛáõÝ:
·áõÃÁ ß³ñÅ»É. His expression ~ed Üñ³ solar [΄səulə] a ³ëïÕ·. ³ñ¨Ç, ³ñ»·³Ïݳ-
¹»ÙùÁ/³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÷áËí»ó: ÛÇÝ:
softener [΄sɒfnə] n ÷³÷ϳóÝáÕ ÝÛáõÃ/ÙÇ- solarium [sə΄leəriəm] n ³ñ¨³μáõųñ³Ý.
çáó: ëáÉÛ³ñÇáõÙ:
soft-headed [‚sɒft΄hedid] a ïËÙ³ñ, solder [΄sɒldə]1. n ½á¹³ÝÛáõÃ, ½á¹. 2. v ½á-
ó³Ýó³é: ¹»É. ½á¹³Ïó»É. ~ing iron ½á¹Çã, ½á¹áó:
soft-hearted [‚sɒft΄ha:tid] a ÷³÷ϳëÇñï, soldier [΄səuldзə] n ½ÇÝíáñ³Ï³Ý, ½ÇÝíáñ³-
½·³ÛáõÝ, μ³ñ»ëÇñï: Ï³Ý Í³é³ÛáÕ. old ~ í»ï»ñ³Ý. disabled ~
soldier 767 sombrero

å³ï»ñ³½ÙÇ Ñ³ßٳݹ³Ù. great ~ Ù»Í ½á- Ù»Í ÇÙ³ëï/Ý߳ݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ hour ÙÇ


ñ³í³ñ. a toy ~ ˳ճÉÇù ½ÇÝíáñ. play at ~ ³ÙμáÕç ųÙ. ~ silver/gold Ù³ùáõñ, ½áõï
½ÇÝíáñ-½ÇÝíáñ ˳ճÉ. ~ of fortune í³ñÓ- ³ñͳÃ/áëÏÇ. ~ state åÇݹ Ù³ñÙÇÝ:
Ï³Ý ½ÇÝíáñ. ÷Ëμ. ³ñϳͳËݹÇñ Ù³ñ¹. solidarity [‚sɒli΄dærtəi] n ѳٳËÙμí³Íáõ-
~s and civilians ½ÇÝíáñ³Ï³ÝÝ»ñ ¨ ù³- ÃÛáõÝ, ѳٻñ³ßËáõÃÛáõÝ. ÙdzëÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~
Õ³ù³ódzϳÝÝ»ñ: strike ÙdzëÝáõÃÛ³Ý ·áñͳ¹áõÉ:
soldier [΄səuldзə] v μ³Ý³Ïáõ٠ͳé³Û»É. two solidity [sə΄lidəti] n åݹáõÃÛáõÝ, ϳñÍñáõ-
years of ~ing »ñÏáõ ï³ñÇ μ³Ý³Ïáõ٠ͳé³- ÃÛáõÝ, ¹ÇÙ³óÏáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
Û»É. ~ on ÷Ëμ. ³ß˳ï»É/ͳé³Û»É. ~ on for solidly [΄sɒlidli] adv ³Ùáõñ, ³ÙμáÕç³Ï³Ý.
another year Ù»Ï ï³ñÇ ¨ë ³ß˳ï»É: vote ~ ÷Ëμ. Ù»Ï Ù³ñ¹áõ ÝÙ³Ý ùí»³ñÏ»É:
soldierly [΄səuldзəli] a ù³ç, ³ñÇ, Ëǽ³Ë: soliloquize [sə΄liləkwaiz] v ٻݳËáëáõÃÛáõÝ
sole [səul] a ÙdzÏ, »½³ÏÇ, μ³ó³éÇÏ, the ~ ³ñï³ë³Ý»É. ÇÝùÝ Çñ»Ý Ñ»ï Ëáë»É:
right μ³ó³éÇÏ/ÙdzÝÓÝÛ³ Çñ³íáõÝù. ~ dis- soliloquy [sə΄liləkwi] n ٻݳËáëáõÃÛáõÝ:
tribution rights í»ñ³í³×³éùÇ μ³ó³éÇÏ solitary [΄sɒlətəri] 1. n ٻݳÏÛ³ó, ÙdzÝÓ-
Çñ³íáõÝù. ~ beneficiary ÙÇ³Ï ß³Ñ³éáõ: Ý(áõÑÇ), ׷ݳíáñ. 2. a ÙdzÛݳÏ, ٻݳíáñ.
sole [səul]1. n Ý»ñμ³Ý, Ïáßϳï³Ï. 2. v Ý»ñ- Ù»ÏáõëÇ, ³é³ÝÓÇÝ. a ~ person ÇÝùݳÙ-
μ³Ý/Ïáßϳï³Ï ·ó»É: ÷á÷/Ù»Ïáõë³ó³Í Ù³ñ¹. a ~ instance »½³ÏÇ
solely [΄səulli] adv ÙÇÙdzÛÝ, ëáëÏ, μ³ó³é³- ¹»åù. ~ confinement Ù»ÏáõëÇ μ³Ýï³ñÏáõ-
å»ë. ~ due to his efforts μ³ó³é³å»ë ßÝáñ- ÃÛáõÝ. ~ cell ٻݳËáõó:
ÑÇí Ýñ³ ç³Ýù»ñÇ: solitude [΄sɒlətju:d] n Ù»ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ³é³ÝÓ-
solemn [΄sɒləm] a ѳݹÇë³íáñ, ٻͳßáõù. ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
å³ßïáݳϳÝ. a ~ ceremony/oath ѳݹÇë³- solo [΄səuləu] n »ñÅß. ٻݻñ·, ٻݳÝí³·.
íáñ ³ñ³ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ/»ñ¹áõÙ. ~ faces Éáõñç ٻݳѳٳñ:
¹»Ùù»ñ. ~ procedure å³ßïáÝ³Ï³Ý ÁÝó- soloist [΄səuləuist] n ٻݳϳï³ñ:
ó³Ï³ñ·: so-long [΄səulɒŋ] int ËëÏó. óï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ,
solemnity [sə΄lemnəti] n ѳݹÇë³íáñáõ- ³é³ÛÅÙ, óÁ:
ÃÛáõÝ, í»ÑáõÃÛáõÝ. solemnities ïáݳϳ- solstice [΄sɒlstis] n ³ëïÕ·. ³ñ¨³¹³ñÓ,
ï³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳݹ»ë: ³ñ¨³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ. summer/winter ~ ³Ù³-
solicit [sə΄lisist] v ÙÇçÝáñ¹»É, ¹ñ¹»É. ¹ÇÙ»É. é³ÛÇÝ/ÓÙ»é³ÛÇÝ ³ñ¨³Ï³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ:
Çñ³í. ³é³ç³ñÏ»É. Ëݹñ»É. ³Ý»ñ»ë³μ³ñ solubility [‚sɒlju΄biləti] n ÉáõÍ»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ:
Ïåã»É, Ñ»ï³åݹ»É (åáéÝÇÏ ÏÝáç Ù³ëÇÝ): soluble [΄sɒljubl] a ÉáõÍ»ÉÇ, ÉáõÍíáÕ. ѳÉ-
solicitor [sə΄lisitə] n ÙÇçÝáñ¹, ѳí³ï³ñÙ³- íáÕ, Sugar is ~ in water Þ³ù³ñÁ ÉáõÍíáõÙ ¿
ï³ñ. Çñ³í. ËáñÑñ¹³ïáõ, ÷³ëï³μ³Ý. çñáõÙ. ÷Ëμ. ÉáõÍ»ÉÇ, í×é»ÉÇ. ~ problem
S~ General ¶É˳íáñ ¹³ï³Ë³½Ç ï»Õ³- ÉáõÍ»ÉÇ Ñ³ñó:
ϳÉ. å»ï³Ï³Ý Çñ³í³ËáñÑñ¹³ïáõ: solution [sə΄lu:∫n] n ÉáõÍáõÙ, í×éáõÙ.
solicitous [sə΄lisitəs] a Ñá·³ï³ñ, áõß³¹Çñ. ѳݻÉáõÏÇ ÉáõÍáõÙ. ùÇÙ. ÉáõÍáõÛÃ. ~ of the
Ùï³Ñá·í³Í: matter ËݹñÇ ÉáõÍáõÙ:
solicitude [sə΄lisitju:d] n Ùï³Ñá·áõÃÛáõÝ, solvable [΄sɒlvəbl] a ÉáõÍ»ÉÇ, ÉáõÍíáÕ:
Ñá·³ï³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. show ~ Ñá·³ï³ñáõÃÛáõÝ solve [sɒlv] v ÉáõÍ»É, í×é»É. μ³ó³ïñ»É,
óáõó³μ»ñ»É. ~s Ñá·ë»ñ: Éáõë³μ³Ý»É. ~ a riddle ѳݻÉáõÏÁ ÉáõÍ»É:
solid [΄sɒlid] n ýǽ. åÇݹ Ù³ñÙÇÝ. »ñÏñ³- solvency [΄sɒlvənsi] n í׳ñáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
ã³÷³Ï³Ý Ù³ñÙÇÝ£ solvent [΄sɒlvənt]1. n ÉáõÍÇã, ÉáõÍáÕ ÝÛáõÃ. 2.
solid [΄sɒlid] a åÇݹ, ϳñÍñ. ³ÙμáÕç³Ï³Ý. a ÉáõÍÇã, ÉáõÍáÕ. ýÇÝ. í׳ñáõݳÏ:
³Ùáõñ, ϳÛáõÝ. ѳÙá½Çã, Éáõñç. ~ fuel åÇݹ sombre [΄sɒmbə] a Ùé³ÛÉ, ˳í³ñ, ÙáõÃ.
í³é»ÉÇù. a ~ ball ³ÙμáÕç³Ï³Ý ·áõݹ. ~ de- ïËñ³Ù³Í, ÝáÃáï. a ~ sky Ùé³ÛÉ »ñÏÇÝù. a
fence ÑÇÙݳíáñ å³ßïå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ foun- ~ day ³Ùå³Ù³Í ûñ. ~ clothes Ùáõ· ·áõÛÝÇ
dation ³Ùáõñ ÑÇÙù. have a ~ meal ɳí/Ïáõßï ѳ·áõëï:
áõï»É. ~ sum of money å³ïϳé»ÉÇ ·áõÙ³ñ. sombrero [sɒm΄breərəu] n ëáÙμñ»ñá,
~ ground ³Ùáõñ/ϳÛáõÝ ÑÇÙù/ÑáÕ. ~ sense Çëå³Ý³Ï³Ý ɳÛÝ»½ñ ·É˳ñÏ:
some 768 soon

some [sΛm] pron áÙ³Ýù, ÙÇ ù³ÝÇëÁ. ~ of the í³. 2. adv »ñμ¨¿, ÙÇ ûñ. ÇÝã-áñ ûñ/ųÙ. ~
pictures/friends ÝϳñÝ»ñÇó/ÁÝÏ»ñÝ»ñÇó ÙÇ next week ѳçáñ¹ ß³μ³Ã ÙÇ ûñ. He’ll arrive
ù³ÝÇëÁ/áÙ³Ýù, ~ of us Ù»½ÝÇó ÙÇ ù³ÝÇëÁ. ~ tomorrow ܳ ·³ÉÇë ¿ í³ÕÁ, ѳÛïÝÇ ãÇ áñ
(ÙÇ Ù³ëÁ) ~ of the lecture ¹³ë³ËáëáõÃÛ³Ý Å³ÙÇÝ£
ÙÇ Ù³ëÁ. ~ like tea, ~ like coffee àÙ³Ýù Ã»Û sometimes [΄sΛmtaimz] adv »ñμ»ÙÝ:
»Ý ëÇñáõÙ, ÇëÏ áÙ³Ýù/áõñÇßÝ»ñÁª ëáõñ×: someway [΄sΛmwei] adv áñ¨¿/ÙÇ Ï»ñå:
some [sΛm] a áñáß, ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ. ~ years ago ÙÇ somewhat [΄sΛmwɒt] adv áñáß ã³÷áí,
ù³ÝÇ ï³ñÇ ³é³ç. in ~ towns áñáß ù³Õ³ù- ÷áùñ ÇÝã. Ù³ë³Ùμ. ~ surprised ÷áùñ-ÇÝã
Ý»ñáõÙ. ~ people believe áñáß Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ ½³ñÙ³ó³Í:
ѳí³ïáõÙ »Ý. (áñáß ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ) ãÇ somewhere [΄sΛmweə] adv ÇÝã-áñ ï»Õ/ï»-
óñ·Ù³ÝíáõÙ Give me ~ water ÆÝÓ çáõñ ÕáõÙ. ~ near here ÇÝã-áñ ï»Õ Ùáï»ñùáõÙ. go
ïáõñ. (ÇÝã-áñ) ~ man is waiting for you ÆÝã-áñ ~ hot ·Ý³É áñ¨¿ ï³ù/ßá· ï»Õ, ~ else áñ¨¿
Ù»ÏÁ Ó»½ ¿ ëå³ëáõÙ. There must be ~ solu- ³ÛÉ ï»Õ. I paid ~ round. 100 dol ÷Ëμ., ËëÏó.
tion ä»ïù ¿ áñ ÇÝã-áñ ÉáõÍáõÙ ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ Øáï³íáñ³å»ë 100 ¹áɳñ í׳ñ»óÇ:
áõݻݳ. ~ place ÇÝã-áñ ï»Õ. ~ day ÙÇ ûñ, somnambulist [sɒm΄næmbjulist] n ·Çß»-
áñ¨¿ ûñ. (áñáß³ÏÇ ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ) It took ~ ñ³ßñçÇÏ, ÉáõëÝáï:
courage ´³í³Ï³Ý ù³çáõÃÛáõÝ å»ïù ¿ñ son [sΛn] n áñ¹Ç. older/younger ~ ³í³·/
áõÝ»Ý³É We had ~ difficulty Ø»Ýù μ³í³Ï³Ý Ïñïë»ñ áñ¹Ç. ~ and heir ³í³· áñ¹Ç, ų-
¹Åí³ñ³ó³Ýù It was ~ match ²°Û û Ë³Õ ¿ñ, é³Ý·áñ¹. the prodigal ~ ³ëïíÍß. ³Ý³é³Ï
ÆëÏ³Ï³Ý Ë³Õ ¿ñ. (Ùáï, Ùáï³íáñ³å»ë) áñ¹Ç. ~ of a gun ³Ý³ñ· Ù³ñ¹, ß³Ý áñ¹Ç. ~
Ãí³Ï³ÝÇ Ñ»ï. I waited ~ 30 minutes Øá- file ÑÙÏñ·. ý³ÛÉÇ Ýáñ ï³ñμ»ñ³Ï:
ï³íáñ³å»ë 30 ñáå» ëå³ë»óÇ: sonant [΄səunənt] n É»½í. Ó³ÛÝ»Õ μ³Õ³-
somebody [΄sΛmbədi] n ϳñ¨áñ ³ÝÓݳ- Ó³ÛÝ:
íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. He thinks he is ~ Æñ»Ý ϳñ¨áñ sonic [΄sɒnik] a ÑÝãÛáõݳÛÇÝ:
Ù³ñ¹ ¿ ѳٳñáõÙ: song [sɒŋ] n »ñ·. old/well-known/sad /folk ~
somebody [΄sΛmbədi] prn ÇÝã-áñ Ù»ÏÁ, áñ¨¿ ÑÇÝ/ѳÝñ³Ñ³Ûï/ïËáõñ/ÅáÕáíñ¹³Ï³Ý
Ù»ÏÁ. ~ will help you Ù»ÏÝáõÙ»ÏÁ Ïû·ÝÇ ù»½. »ñ·. give a ~ »ñ·»É. drinking ~ ËÝçáõÛùÇ »ñ·.
a certain ~ ÇÝã-áñ Ù»ÏÁ ~ from my class Ù»ñ burst into a ~ ѳÝϳñͳÏÇ »ñ·»É. ~ cycle
¹³ë³ñ³ÝÇó ÇÝã-áñ Ù»ÏÁ: »ñ·»ñÇ ß³ñù. ~ writer μ³Ý³ëï»ÕÍ »ñ·³-
someday [΄sΛm‚dei] adv ÙÇ ûñ, ÙÇ ·»Õ»óÇÏ Ñ³Ý. buy/sell for a ~ ãÝãÇÝ ·Ýáí ·Ý»É/í³-
ûñ: ׳é»É sing another ~ ÷Ëμ. áõñÇß »ñ· »ñ·»É,
somehow [΄sΛmhau] adv ÇÝã-áñ Ó¨áí, ÙÇ ³ÛÉ ïáÝáí Ëáë»É. set a ~ to music
Ï»ñå. ~ or other ³Ûë ϳ٠³ÛÝ Ó¨áí/Ï»ñå. It’s »ñ³ÅßïáõÃÛáõÝ ·ñ»É μ³é»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ:
~ odd ¸³ ÙÇ ï»ë³Ï ï³ñûñÇÝ³Ï ¿: song-bird [΄sɒŋbə:d] n »ñ·»óÇÏ ÃéãáõÝ:
someone [΄sΛmwΛn] prn ï»°ë smb: songster [΄sɒŋstə] n »ñ·Çã μ³Ý³ëï»ÕÍ.
somersault [΄sΛməsɔ:lt]1. n ·ÉáõËÏáÝÍÇ »ñ·»óÇÏ ÃéãáõÝ:
ï³ÉÁ û¹áõÙ. 2. v ·ÉáõËÏáÝÍÇ ï³É: son-in-law [΄sΛninlɔ:] n ÷»ë³ (³Õçϳ
something [΄sΛmθiŋ] prn ÇÝã-áñ/áñ¨¿ μ³Ý. ³ÙáõëÇÝÁ):
Is ~ the matter ? àñ¨¿ μ³Ý ³ÛÝå»ë 㿱. S~ is sonnet [΄sɒnit] n ·ñÏ. ëáÝ»ï:
missing ÆÝã-áñ μ³Ý å³Ï³ëáõÙ ¿. ~ else áñ¨¿ sonny [΄sΛni] n ËëÏó., ÷Õù. áñ¹Û³Ï, ïÕ³ë:
³ÛÉ μ³Ý. ~ of the kind ÇÝã-áñ ÙÇ ÝÙ³Ý μ³Ý. sonority [sə΄nɒrəti] n ÑÝã»ÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ÑÝãÛáõ-
That’s ~ ¸³ ÇÝã-áñ μ³Ý ¿ Ý߳ݳÏáõÙ. He’s ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
~ of a singer ºñ·ãÇ ÝÙ³Ý ÙÇ μ³Ý ¿: sonorous [΄sɒnərəs] a ÑÝã»Õ, ÑÝãáõÝ. ýáÝ.
something [΄sΛmθiŋ] adv Ùáï³íáñ³å»ë. Ó³ÛÝáñ¹Ç, Ó³ÛÝáñ¹³Ï³Ý:
He collected ~ like 500 dol. ܳ Ùáï³íáñ³- soon [su:n] adv ßáõïáí, ϳñ× Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÇó
å»ë 500 ¹áɳñ ѳí³ù»ó. The weather was ~ Ñ»ïá, ß³ï ã³Ýó³Í. ~ after lunch/aftewards
awful ËëÏó. ºÕ³Ý³ÏÁ å³ñ½³å»ë ³- ׳ßÇó ³ÝÙÇç³å»ë/¹ñ³ÝÇó ³ÝÙÇç³å»ë
ѳíáñ ¿ñ: Ñ»ïá. as ~ as Ñ»Ýó áñ. as ~ as possible áñù³Ý
sometime [΄sΛmtaim] 1. a ݳËÏÇÝ, ³é³ç- Ñݳñ³íáñ ¿ ßáõï, Ñݳñ³íáñÇÝ ã³÷ ßáõï.
soot 769 sort

too ~ ã³÷Çó ³í»ÉÇ ßáõï/í³Õ. You spoke too sordid [΄sɔ:did] a Ï»Õïáï, ³Ý³½ÝÇí, ëïáñ.
~ ųٳݳÏÇó (³í»ÉÇ) ßáõï Ëáë»óÇñ. See What a ~ business ! ƯÝã ëïáñáõÃÛáõÝ:
you ~ ØÇÝã Ýáñ ѳݹÇåáõÙ, Þáõïáí ÏѳÝ- sore [sɔ:] n μÅßÏ. í»ñù, Ëáó, ó³íáï ï»Õ. a
¹Çå»Ýù. ~er ³í»ÉÇ í³Õ/ßáõï. The ~er the running ~ Ëáó. reopen old ~s ÷Ëμ. ÑÇÝ
better àñù³Ý ßáõï, ³ÛÝù³Ý ɳí No ~er said í»ñù»ñÁ Ýáñá·»É:
than done ²ë»ÉÝ áõ ³Ý»ÉÁ Ù»Ï »Õ³í. ~er or sore [sɔ:] a ÑÇí³Ý¹, ó³íáï. a ~ knee ÑÇ-
later í³Õ û áõß. I’d ~er stay ºë ³í»ÉÇ É³í ¿ í³Ý¹ ÍáõÝÏ. a ~ throat ÑÇí³Ý¹ ÏáÏáñ¹. My
ÙݳÙ: eyes are ~ ²ãù»ñë ó³íáõÙ »Ý. a ~ point ÷Ëμ.,
soot [sut] 1. n Ùáõñ. 2. v Ùñáï»É, Ùñáí å³- ËëÏó. ó³íáï ï»Õ. a sight for ~ eyes ³ã-
ï»É, Ùáõñ ùë»É: ù»ñÇÝ Ñ³×áõÛù/áõñ³ËáõÃÛáõÝ å³ï׳éáÕ
sooth [su:θ] n ×ßÙ³ñïáõÃÛáõÝ, ÇëÏáõÃÛáõÝ: feel ~ ËëÏó. íÇñ³íáñí»É, ó³í»É. be in ~
soothe [su:ð] v ѳݷëï³óÝ»É, ûè³óÝ»É need of ËÇëï ϳñÇù áõݻݳÉ:
(ó³íÁ). ÙËÇóñ»É, ë÷á÷»É (íÇßïÁ):
sorrel [΄sɒrəl] n μëμ. ÃñÃÝçáõÏ. ~ soup
soother [΄su:ðə] n (é»ïÇÝ») ÍÍ³Ï (ÍÍÏ»ñ) ÃñÃÝçáõÏáí ³åáõñ:
»ñ»Ë³Ý»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ:
sorrow [΄sɒrəu] n íÇßï, óËÇÍ, ïËñáõ-
soothsay [΄su:θsei] v ·áõ߳ϻÉ: ÃÛáõÝ. ³÷ëáë³Ýù. keen ~ Ëáñ íÇßï. share
soothsayer [΄su:θ‚seiə] n ·áõß³ÏáÕ, ·áõß³Ï: ~s íÇßïÁ/óËÇÍÁ ÏÇë»É. a great ~ Ù»Í
sooty [΄suti] a Ùñáï³Í, Ùñáí å³ï³Í, Ùñáï. íÇßï/³÷ëáë³Ýù. to my great ~ ó³íáù
ÙñÇ å»ë ë¨:
ëñïÇ, ¹Åμ³Ëï³μ³ñ. S~ has aged him
sop [sɒp]1. n ëááõë, ѳóÇ å³ï³é. a ~ in the ìÇßïÁ Ýñ³Ý Í»ñ³óñ»É ¿. drown one’s ~s in
pan ï³å³Ï³Í ѳó. as a ~ to my conscience
drink íÇßïÁ ·ÇÝáõ Ù»ç óջÉ. (ËÕ×áõÏ) a ~
áñå»ë ËÇÕ×Á ѳݷëï³óÝáÕ. 2. v ó-
excuse ËÕ×áõÏ å³ïñí³Ï. cut a ~ figure ß³ï
ó˻É, Ãñç»É, Ãñçí»É. ~ up Ý»ñÍÍ»É:
ËÕ×áõÏ ï»ëù áõݻݳÉ:
sophisticate [sə΄fistikeit] v ˻ճÃÛáõñ»É.
Ï»ÕÍ»É, ˳ñ¹³Ë»É:
sorrowful [΄sɒrəufl] a íßï³ÉÇ, ïËáõñ,
sophisticated [sə΄fistikeitid] a ÷áñÓ³éáõ, óËÍáï:
Ï»Ýë³÷áñÓ áõÝ»óáÕ. Ñݳñ³ÙÇï. ׳ñï³- sorry [΄sɒri] a ó³íáí/³÷ëáë³Ýùáí ÉÇ.
ñ³ÙÇï. ³ñ¹Ç³Ï³Ý³óí³Í. Ýáõñμ, Ýñμ³- be/feel ~ ËÕ׳É, ³÷ëáë³É. (I’m) sorry! Ü»-
׳߳Ï. ~ taste μ³ó³éÇÏ/Ýáõñμ ׳߳Ï. a ~ ñ»ó»ù. be ~ for smn Ù»ÏÇÝ ËÕ׳É. We are ~
argument ׳ñï³ñ³ÙÇï ÷³ëï³ñÏ. a ~ to inform you ò³íáí ѳÛïÝáõÙ »Ýù Ó»½.
woman/outfit ³ß˳ñÑÇÏ ÏÇÝ, Ýáñ³Ó¨ ѳ- You’ll be ~ for this ¸áõ ¹»é ϳ÷ëáë³ë:
·áõëïÝ»ñ. a ~ audience ÷Ëμ. ÷áñÓ³éáõ sort [sɔ:t] n ï»ë³Ï. ϳñ·. Ó¨. á×. what ~ of
ѳë³ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ/áõÝÏݹÇñÝ»ñ. ~ technolo- ÇÝãåÇëÇ, ÇÝã ï»ë³Ï. nothing of the ~ áã ÙÇ
gy μ³ñ¹³óí³Í ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³: ÝÙ³Ý μ³Ý. ³Ù»Ý¨ÇÝ. some ~ of ÇÝã-áñ,
sophistication [sə‚fisti΄kei∫n] n ÝñμÇÝáõ- áñ¨¿. of all ~s ³Ù»Ý ï»ë³ÏÇ. I know his ~
ÃÛáõÝ. ˳ñ¹³ËáõÃÛáõÝ. μ³ñ¹³óáõÙ. ³ñ- ÆÝÓ Í³Ýáà »Ý ³Û¹ ïÇåÇ Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ. an old-
¹Ç³Ï³Ý³óáõÙ: fashioned ~ Ñݳá×. This is your ~ ¸³ ùá
sophomore [΄sɒfəmɔ:] n ³Ù. ѳٳÉë³- ׳߳Ïáí ¿, ¸áõ ³Û¹ ï»ë³ÏÁ ëÇñáõÙ »ë. a
ñ³ÝÇ »ñÏñáñ¹ ÏáõñëÇ áõë³ÝáÕ: good ~ ËëÏó. ɳí ïÕ³/Ù³ñ¹. the better ~
soporific [‚sɒpə΄rifik] n, a ÃÙñ³¹»Õ. ÃÙñ³- ËëÏó. ³ãùÇ ÁÝÏÝáÕ Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ. in some ~ áñáß
μ»ñ, ùݳμ»ñ: ã³÷áí. something of the ~ ÇÝã-áñ ÙÇ ÝÙ³Ý
soppy [΄sɒpi] a óó, Ãñçí³Í, Ëáݳí. μ³Ý. after a ~ ÇÝã-áñ Ó¨áí. it’s ~ of ϳñÍ»ë
³ÝÓñ¨³ÛÇÝ: û. He’s a ~ of lawyer ܳ ϳñÍ»ë ÷³ëï³-
soprano [sə΄pra:nəu] n »ñÅß. ëáåñ³Ýá. She μ³Ý ¿, ö³ëï³μ³ÝÇ ÝÙ³Ý ÙÇ μ³Ý ¿. be/feel
is a ~ ܳ ëáåñ³Ýá Ó³ÛÝ áõÝÇ. the ~ part out of ~s ³Ýïñ³Ù³¹Çñ ÉÇÝ»É. ÑÙÏñ·.
ëáåñ³ÝáÛÇ ¹»ñ»ñ·Á: ϳñ·³íáñáõÙ, ï»ë³Ï³íáñáõÙ. ~ key ϳñ-
sorcerer [΄sɔ:sərə] n ϳ˳ñ¹, ÑÙ³ÛáÕ, ·³íáñÙ³Ý μ³Ý³ÉÇ. ~ utility ϳñ·³íáñ-
·áõß³Ï: Ù³Ý Íñ³·Çñ:
sorcery [΄sɔ:səri] n ϳ˳ñ¹áõÃÛáõÝ, ÑÙ³Ûáõ- sort [sɔ:t] v ï»ë³Ï³íáñ»É, ÁÝïñ»É, μ³Å³-
ÃÛáõÝ: Ý»É. ~ according to the size ï»ë³Ï³íáñ»É
so-so 770 southerner

Áëï ã³÷ë»ñÇ. I’m going to ~ my desk ËëÏó. knowledge ϳÛáõÝ ·Çï»ÉÇùÝ»ñ. a ~ argument
àõ½áõÙ »Ù ·ñ³ë»Õ³Ýë ϳñ·Ç μ»ñ»É. ~ out a ѳÙá½Çã ÷³ëï³ñÏ. ~ mind ³éáÕç ¹³ïá-
problem ÷Ëμ. åñáμÉ»ÙÇó ·ÉáõË Ñ³Ý»É. ÕáõÃÛáõÝ, Ñá·»Ï³Ý Ï³ÛáõÝ íÇ׳Ï. a ~ in-
ÑÙÏñ·. ϳñ·³íáñ»É, ï»ë³Ï³íáñ»É: vestment Ñáõë³ÉÇ Ý»ñ¹ÝáõÙ:
so-so [΄səusəu] adv ËëÏó. áãÇÝã: sound-film [΄saundfilm] n ÑÝãÛáõݳÛÇÝ
sot [sɒt] n Ãáõݹ ѳñμ»óáÕ: ýÇÉÙ:
sottish [΄sɒti∫] a Çñ»Ý ѳñμ»óáÕáõÃÛ³Ý sounding [΄saundiŋ] n Íáí. take a ~ ÍáíÇ/
ïí³Í; çñÇ ËáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ã³÷»É:
soul [səul] n Ñá·Ç. human ~ Ù³ñ¹Ï³ÛÇÝ Ñá·Ç. soundless [΄saundləs] a ³ÝÓ³ÛÝ, Éáõé:
living ~ ϻݹ³ÝÇ Ñá·Ç. the ~ of the company soundproof [΄saundpru:f] a ³ÝÓ³Ûݳó-
ÁÝÏ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý á·ÇÝ. put heart and ~ into ÷³Ýó:
ëÇñïÝ áõ Ñá·ÇÝ Ý»ñ¹Ý»É. be devoted body soundproofing [΄saundpru:fiŋ] n Ó³Ûݳٻ-
and ~ Ñá·áí ¨ Ù³ñÙÝáí ÝíÇñí³Í ÉÇÝ»É keep Ïáõë³óáõÙ:
body and ~ together ÙÇ Ï»ñå ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ soup [su:p] n ³åáõñ, ëáõå. clear ~ (ݳ¨
áõݻݳÉ/å³Ñå³Ý»É. ÷Ëμ. Ù³ñ¹, áù Not a broth) Ùë³çáõñ, ³ñ·³Ý³Ï. meat ~ Ùëáí
~ was seen àã áù ãϳñ. Don’t tell a ~ àã áùÇ ³åáõñ. vegetable ~ μ³Ýç³ñ»Õ»Ýáí ³åáõñ.
ã³ë»ù. twin ~ ѳñ³½³ï Ñá·Ç. Upon my ~ fish ~ ÓÏݳåáõñ. cabbage ~ μáñßã. ~ plate
Ðá·Çë íϳ. have no ~ Ñá·Ç/½·³óÙáõÝù (ݳ¨ tureen) Ëáñ ³÷ë»:
ãáõݻݳÉ. decent/honest/worthy ~ ϳñ·ÇÝ/ sour [΄sauə] a ÃÃáõ, ÃÃí³Í. ~ taste ÃÃí³Ñ³Ù.
³½ÝÇí/³ñųݳíáñ Ù³ñ¹: ~ milk Ù³ÍáõÝ. ~ cream ÃÃí³ë»ñ. turn ~
soulless [΄səulləs] a ³ÝÑá·Ç, ³ÝëÇñï, ÃÃí»É. a ~ face/remark ÷Ëμ. ÃÃí³Í ¹»Ùù,
³ÝËÇÕ×: ÏÍáõ ¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ:
sound I [saund] n ÑÝãÛáõÝ, Ó³ÛÝ, ³ÕÙáõÏ. source [sɔ:s] n ³ÕμÛáõñ, ëϽμݳÕμÛáõñ. a ~
of information/infection ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛ³Ý/
sharp/distant/distinct/dull ~ ëáõñ/Ñ»é³íáñ/
í³ñ³ÏÇ ³ÕμÛáõñ. historical/primary ~s å³ï-
ËáõÉ/ Ñëï³Ï Ó³ÛÝ. wihin ~ of Éë»ÉÇáõÃÛ³Ý
Ù³Ï³Ý ³ÕμÛáõñÝ»ñ, ëϽμݳÕμÛáõñ. S~s say
ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ. speech ~s É»½íÇ (É»½í³Ï³Ý)
²ÕμÛáõñÝ»ñÁ ѳÛïÝáõÙ »Ý/ï»Õ»Ï³óÝáõÙ
ÑÝãÛáõÝÝ»ñ. sweet ~ ѳ׻ÉÇ/ùÝùáõß/ù³Õóñ
»Ý. ÑÙÏñ·. source ÁÝóóÇÏ ï»ëï/Íñ³·Çñ.
Ó³ÛÝ. ~ of singing/laughter »ñ·Ç/ÍÇͳÕÇ Ó³Û-
~ address ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ ³ÕμÛáõñÇ Ñ³ëó». ~ al-
Ý»ñ. without a ~ ³ÝÓ³ÛÝ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ clip Ó³Û-
phabet Ùáõïù³ÛÇÝ ³Ûμáõμ»Ý. ~ code ÁÝ-
Ý»ñǽ:
óóÇÏ ï»ùëï/Íñ³·Çñ. ~ data ëϽμݳϳÝ
sound II [saund] n Ý»Õáõó: ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ. ~ field ÁÝóóÇÏ ¹³ßï. ~ lan-
sound [saund] v ÑÝã»É, Éëí»É. ~ strange /funny/ guage ÁÝóóÇÏ É»½áõ. ~ statement ÁÝóóÇÏ
bad/pretty ï³ñûñÇݳÏ/ÍÇͳջÉÇ/í³ï/ɳí
Íñ³·ñÇ ûå»ñ³ïáñ:
ÑÝã»É. This letter doesn’t ~ ²Ûë ï³éÁ ãÇ ³ñ-
souse [saus] n ³Õ ¹ñ³Í Ùûñù, Ù³ñÇݳ¹,
ï³ë³ÝíáõÙ. (Éëí»É, Ãí³É) The box ~s empty ÃÃáõ. ³Õ³çáõñ. ~d herring ÃÃáõ ¹ñ³Í/
îáõ÷Á ¹³ï³ñÏ ¿ ÃíáõÙ. It ~s as if ...Ò³ÛÝÇó Ù³ñÇݳ¹/ѳñÇÝ·/Íáí³ï³é»Ë:
¹³ï»Éáí ϳñÍ»ë û... He ~s Armenian south [sauθ]1. n ѳñ³í. the ~ ѳñ³í³ÛÇÝ
¸³ï»Éáí ³ñï³ë³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÇóª ݳ Ñ³Û ¿. »ñÏñÝ»ñ. 2. a ѳñ³í³ÛÇÝ. 3. adv ѳñ³-
He doesn’t ~ a good candidate âÇ ÃíáõÙ, áñ ݳ í³ÛÇÝ áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ. ~ of London ÈáݹáÝÇó
ɳí ûÏݳÍáõ ¿. ~ smb’s chest μÅßÏ. (Éë»Éáí) ѳñ³í:
ùÝÝ»É ÑÇí³Ý¹Ç ÏñÍù³í³Ý¹³ÏÁ. ½áݹ»É, south-east [‚sauθ΄i:st] 1. n ѳñ³í-³ñ¨»Éù.
½áݹáí ѻﳽáï»É: 2. a ѳñ³í³ñ¨»ÉÛ³Ý. 3. adv ѳñ³í-
sound [saund] a ³éáÕç. áÕç³ÙÇï. ½·áÝ. ³ñ¨»ÉÛ³Ý áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ:
í׳ñáõݳÏ. ~ in mind and body Ñá·áí ¨ south-easter [‚sauθ΄i:stə] n ѳñ³í³ñ¨»É-
Ù³ñÙÝáí ³éáÕç. as ~ as a bell Ùdzݷ³Ù³ÛÝ Û³Ý ù³ÙÇ:
³éáÕç. a ~ tree ³Ùáõñ ͳé. a ~ sleep Ëáñ southerly, southern [΄sΛðəli, ΄sΛðn] a
ùáõÝ. (áÕç³ÙÇï) ~ advice/sense áÕç³ÙÇï ѳñ³í³ÛÇÝ:
ËáñÑáõñ¹/¹³ïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ move ˻ɳóÇ southerner [΄sΛðnə] n ѳñ³íóÇ, ѳñ³íÇ
ù³ÛÉ. a ~ scholar ÇëÏ³Ï³Ý ·ÇïݳϳÝ. ~ μݳÏÇã:
southwards 771 spare

southwards [΄sauθwədz] a, adv ¹»åÇ í³É. double ~ ÏñÏݳÏÇ ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ/Ñ»-


ѳñ³í, ѳñ³í³ÛÇÝ áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ: é³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ:
south-west [‚sauθ΄west] n ѳñ³í-³ñ¨- spacious [΄spei∫əs] a Áݹ³ñÓ³Ï, ɳÛÝ.
Ùáõïù: ɳÛݳͳí³É:
south-wester [sauθ΄westə] n ѳñ³í- spade I [speid] 1. n μ³Ñ. call a ~ a ~ Çñ»ñÝ
³ñ¨ÙïÛ³Ý ù³ÙÇ: Çñ»Ýó ³ÝáõÝÝ»ñáí Ïáã»É. 2. v μ³Ñáí
souvenir [‚su:və΄niə] n Ñáõß³Ýí»ñ. ÷áñ»É:
sovereign [΄sɒvrin]1. n Ùdzå»ï. ³Ý- spade II [speid] n ~s ÃÕÃË. ³·é³í£
ϳË/ëáõí»ñ»Ý å»ïáõÃÛáõÝ. ëáõí»ñ»Ý spadeful [΄speidful] n ÙÇ ÉÇùÁ μ³Ñ£
(³Ý·ÉÇ³Ï³Ý ¹ñ³Ù). 2. a ·»ñ³·áõÛÝ, spall [spɔ:l]1. n μ»Ïáñ, Ïïáñ (ù³ñÇ). 2. v
ÇÝùÝÇß˳Ý. ³ÝϳË: Ù³Ýñ³óÝ»É, ÷ßñ»É:
sovereignty [΄sɒvrənti] n ùÕù., Çñ³í. span [spæn] n ³ÏÝóñÃ, í³ÛñÏÛ³Ý. ųٳ-
·»ñÇß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ÇÝùÝÇß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ý- ݳϳÙÇçáó. ëÛáõݳٻç (ϳÙáõñç). ϳñ×
ϳËáõÃÛáõÝ. ëáõí»ñ»ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ³ÝϳË/ëáõ- ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. è»ñÇ μ³óí³Íù. a brief ~
í»ñ»Ý å»ïáõÃÛáõÝ: ϳñ× Å³Ù³Ý³Ï³ÙÇçáó. ~ of life ÏÛ³ÝùÇ
sow [səu] v ó³Ý»É, ë»ñٳݻÉ. ~ doubt ÷Ëμ. ï¨áÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ bridge 5 - ëÛáõݳٻç/
ϳëÏ³Í ë»ñٳݻÉ/³é³ç³óÝ»É: ϳÙñç³Ù³ë áõÝ»óáÕ Ï³Ùáõñç:
sower [΄səuə] n ë»ñÙݳó³Ý. ó³ÝáÕ Ù»ù»Ý³: span [spæn] v ã³÷»É (ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ). Áݹ-
sowing [΄səuiŋ] n ó³Ýùë. ~ machine ó³- ·ñÏ»É (ųٳݳÏÁ). Ó·í»É, ³ÝóÝ»É (·»ïÇ
ÝáÕ/ë»ñÙݳó³Ý Ù»ù»Ý³£ íñ³Ûáí). The Thames is ~ned by many bridges
soya [΄sɔiə] n μëμ. ëáÛ³: »ٽ³ÛÇ íñ³Ûáí ß³ï ϳÙáõñçÝ»ñ »Ý
spa [spa:] n ѳÝù³ÛÇÝ ³ÕμÛáõñ. ѳÝù³ÛÇÝ ³ÝóÝáõÙ:
çñ»ñáí Ïáõñáñï take a cure at a ~ μáõÅí»É spangle [΄spæŋgl] 1. n ÷³Ûɳ½³ñ¹. 2. v
ѳÝù³ÛÇÝ ÏáõñáñïáõÙ: ÷³ÛÉáóÝ»ñáí ½³ñ¹³ñ»É. ÷³ÛÉ»É. ~d with
space [speis] n ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, Ñ»é³íáñáõ- stars ³ëïÕ³½³ñ¹, ³ëïÕ»ñáí å³ï³Í:
ÃÛáõÝ. »ñÅß. ÇÝï»ñí³É. infinite ~ ³Ýë³Ñ- spaniel [΄spænjəl] n ëå³ÝÇ»É (ßáõÝ):
Ù³Ý ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. air ~ û¹³ÛÇÝ ï³ñ³- spaniard [΄spænjəd] a, n Çëå³Ý³óÇ, Çëå³-
ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. open ~s ¹³ï³ñÏ ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ÝáõÑÇ:
living ~ μݳÏï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. outer ~ ïÇ»- Spanish [΄spæni∫] 1. a Çëå³Ý³Ï³Ý. 2. n
½»ñù. stare into ~ ³ãù»ñÁ Ñ»éáõÝ Ñ³é»É. a ~ Çëå³Ý³óÇ. the ~ Çëå³Ý³óÇÝ»ñÁ:
flight/shot ïÇ»½»ñ³Ï³Ý ÃéÇãù. ïÇ»½»ñ³- spank [spæŋk] 1. n ³÷³Ñ³ñí³Í, ³åï³Ï.
Ï³Ý ÑñÃÇéÇ ³ñÓ³ÏáõÙ. (ï»Õ, ï³ñ³Íù) 2. v ³÷áí ѳñí³Í»É. ³åï³Ï»É:
leave a ~ ï»Õ ÃáÕÝ»É. enclosed ~ ßñç³÷³Ï- spanking [΄spæŋkiŋ] a ³ñ³·ÁÝóó,
í³Í/ó³Ýϳå³ïí³Í ï³ñ³Íù. a ~ in the ti- ëñÁÝóó. ËëÏó. ·»ñ³½³Ýó, ÑdzݳÉÇ. at a
metable “å³ïáõѳݔ ¹³ë³ï³Ëï³ÏáõÙ. ~ pace ³ñ³·, ëñÁÝóó:
(ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ) a ~ between the lines ï³- spanner [΄spæŋə] n ï»Ë. åïáõï³Ï³μ³-
ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ ïáÕ»ñÇ ÙÇç¨. a ~ between the ݳÉÇ:
houses ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ ß»Ýù»ñÇ ÙÇç¨. span-new [΄spænnju:] a μáÉáñáíÇÝ Ýáñ:
(ï¨áÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ųٳݳÏ) after a ~ ϳñ× spar I [spa:] n ·»ñ³Ý:
ųٳݳÏÇó Ñ»ïá. within the ~ of 3 hours 3 spar II [spa:] n μéÝóù³Ù³ñï, μáùë. í»×,
ųÙí³ ÁÝóóùáõÙ: íÇ׳μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
space [speis] v (ݳ¨ space out) ³ñ³ÝùÝ»ñ spar III [spa:] n ÑÝù. ¹³ßï³ÛÇÝ ßå³Ã:
ÃáÕÝ»É. The plants are ~d out ´áõÛë»ñÁ spar [spa:] v μéÝóù³Ù³ñï»É, μéÝóù³ÏéÇí
ïÝÏí³Í »Ý Çñ³ñÇó áñáß Ñ»é³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý ³Ý»É. íÇ׳μ³Ý»É, ѳϳ׳é»É:
íñ³: spare [speə] a å³Ñ»ëïÇ, å³Ñ»ëï³ÛÇÝ. ~
spacecraft, spaceship [΄speiskra:ft, parts å³Ñ»ëï³Ù³ë»ñ. (³½³ï, ³í»Éáñ¹) ~
΄speis∫ip] n ïÇ»½»ñ³Ý³í: money ³½³ï ÷áÕ. ~ time ³½³ï ųٳ-
spaceless [΄speisləs] a ³Ýí»ñç, ³Ýë³ÑÙ³Ý: ݳÏ. ~ tickets ³í»Éáñ¹ ïáÙë»ñ. ~ pair of
spacing [΄speisiŋ] n ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, ÇÝï»ñ- socks Éñ³óáõóÇã ½áõÛ· ·áõÉå³. a ~ room
spare 772 speaker

³½³ï ë»ÝÛ³Ï (ÑÛáõñ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ). (ÝÇѳñ, nishing ѳٻëï ϳѳíáñáõÙ. His hair is get-
íïÇï) a tall ~ man μ³ñÓñ³Ñ³ë³Ï ÝÇѳñ ting ~ س½»ñÁ Ýáëñ³ÝáõÙ »Ý/ó÷íáõÙ »Ý:
Ù³ñ¹. (³Õù³ïÇÏ) a ~ meal ³Õù³ïÇÏ/ ~ array ÑÙÏñ·. Ïïñïí³Í Ù³ïñÇó:
ËÕ×áõÏ áõï»ÉÇù: sparsely [΄spa:sli] adv ѳٻëï, ³Õù³ïÇÏ,
spare [speə] v ËݳۻÉ. ~ no trouble ËÕ×áõÏ:
áõÅ»ñ/ç³Ýù»ñ ãËݳۻÉ. no expenses ~d spasm [΄spæz(ə)m] n μÅßÏ. çÕ³Ó·áõÃÛáõÝ,
ͳËë»ñ ã³÷ëáë³É. (ïñ³Ù³¹ñ»É, Ûáɳ çÕ³ÏÍÏáõÙ. My leg is in ~ àïùë çÕ³Ó·íáõÙ
·Ý³É) Can you ~ me a moment ? γñá±Õ »ù ¿. a ~ of coughing ѳ½Ç ëå³½Ù/åáéÃÏáõÙ. in
ÇÝÓ ÙÇ ñáå» ïñ³Ù³¹ñ»É. We can’t ~ him at a ~ of grief ÷Ëμ. ÏëÏÇÍÇ åáéÃÏáõÙ:
present лÝó ÑÇÙ³ Ù»Ýù ã»Ýù ϳñáÕ ³é³Ýó spastic [΄spæstik] a çÕ³Ó·³ÛÇÝ:
Ýñ³ Ûáɳ ·Ý³É. I have no milk to ~ ³í»Éáñ¹ spat [spæt] 1. n ·ÅïáõÃÛáõÝ, í»×. ³åï³Ï.
ϳà ãϳ. (·Ã³É, ËݳۻÉ) ~ one’s feelings 2. v óϻÉ, ͻͻÉ:
½·³óÙáõÝùÝ»ñÁ ËݳۻÉ. ~ the troubles spate [speit] n ѻջÕ, ï³ñ³÷. Ñáñ¹ ³ÝÓñ¨.
Ñá·ë»ñÇó ³½³ï»É: The river is in ~ ¶»ïÁ í³ñ³ñ»É ¿. ÷Ëμ.
sparing [΄speəriŋ] a ïÝï»ëáÕ, ËݳÛáÕ. μ³é»ñÇ ï³ñ³÷/ѻջÕ. a ~ of words μ³-
Åɳï. ~ of words/ praise μ³é»ñ/·áí³ë³Ýù é»ñÇ ï³ñ³÷:
ËݳÛáÕ. ~ of wine ·ÇÝÇÝ ³÷ëáë»É: spatial [΄spei∫l] a ï³ñ³Í³Ï³Ý. ï³ñ³Íáõ-
spark [spa:k] n μéÝÏáõÙ. ÝßáõÛÉ. ϳÛÍ. a ~ of ÃÛáõÝ, ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ ½μ³Õ»óÝáÕ:
talent/humour ï³Õ³Ý¹Ç/ÑáõÙáñÇ Ï³ÛÍ/ spatter [΄spætə] n ó³Ûï, ßÇÃ. a ~ of blood
ÝßáõÛÉ. a bright young ~ ËëÏó. ÷³ÛÉáõÝ ³ñÛ³Ý ßÇûñ. a ~ of rain ³ÝÓñ¨Ç óÝóáõÕ:
ýñ³Ýï not a ~ of interest Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛ³Ý spatter [΄spætə] v ó³Ûï»É, ßÇûÉ, ß³Õ ï³É.
áã ÙÇ ÝßáõÛÉ. strike ~s out of û·ï³Ï³ñ The bus ~ed us with mud ²íïáμáõëÁ ó»Ë ß³Õ
ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ ù³Õ»É: ïí»ó Ù»½ íñ³/ó»Ëáï»ó. ~ed with paint
spark [spa:k] v ϳÛÍ ï³É, ϳÛÍ»ñ ³ñӳϻÉ. Ý»ñÏáïí³Í:
~ off the fire Ññ¹»Ñ/Ïñ³Ï μáñμáù»É. ÷Ëμ. spatula [΄spætjulə] n (ÝϳñãÇ) Ù³ÍÏÇã.
³é³ç³óÝ»É The work ~ed off many com- (Í»÷áÕÇ) Ù³ÍϳÃdzÏ:
plaints ²ß˳ï³ÝùÁ ß³ï ¹Å·áÑáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ spawn [spɔ:n] 1. n ÓÏÝÏÇÃ, ˳ídzñ. μëμ.
³é³ç³óñ»ó: ëÝϳٳñÙÇÝ: 2. v ÓÏÝÏÇà ¹Ý»É. ÍÝ»É, ë»ñ»É.
sparking plug [΄spa:kiŋplΛg] a (³íïá) μ³½Ù³Ý³É:
³ÛñÙ³Ý ÙáÙ£ speak [spi:k] v Ëáë»É, ³ë»É, ½ñáõó»É. »ÉáõÛÃ
sparkle [΄spa:kl] n ϳÛÍ, ÷³ÛÉ, ϳÛÍÏÉïáó£ áõݻݳÉ. ~ in a whisper/in a loud voice/many/
sparkle [΄spa:kl] v ÷³ÛÉ»É, ßáÕßáÕ³É. several languages ßßáõÏáí/μ³ñÓñ³Ó³ÛÝ Ëá-
óáÉóɳÉ. ÷ñ÷ñ³É, åÕåç³É (·ÇÝáõ Ù³ëÇÝ). ë»É. ß³ï/ÙÇù³ÝÇ É»½áõÝ»ñáí Ëáë»É ~ one’s
The snow ~s in the sunshine ÒÛáõÝÁ ßáÕßáÕáõÙ mind ³ñï³Ñ³Ûïí»É. ~ one’ s lines óïñ. Çñ
¿ ³ñ¨Ç ï³Ï. Her eyes ~d with excitement ¹»ñÝ ³ë»É. ~ to the point ·áñÍÇó Ëáë»É.
Üñ³ ³ãù»ñÁ ÷³ÛÉáõÙ ¿ÇÝ Ñáõ½ÙáõÝùÇó. She ~ing personally Çñ ϳñÍÇùÝ ³ñï³Ñ³Ûï»É.
doesn’t exactly ~ Ê»Éùáí ³é³ÝÓݳå»ë ãÇ generally ~ing ÁݹѳÝáõñ ³éÙ³Ùμ. properly
÷³ÛÉáõÙ: ~ing ÇëÏÝ ³ë³Í, Çëϳå»ë. strictly ~ing
sparklet [΄spa:klət] n ϳÛÍÇÏ. å»Í, å»ÍÇÏ: ËÇëï ³ë³Í. ~ing for myself ÆÝã í»ñ³-
sparkling [΄spa:kliŋ] a ÷³ÛÉ÷ÉáõÝ, ßáÕ- μ»ñáõÙ ¿ ÇÝÓ. ~ in public ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý
ßáÕáõÝ. ÷ñ÷ñáõÝ, åÕåç³Ý. ~ wine »ÉáõÛà áõݻݳÉ. May I ~ ? γñá±Õ »Ù »ÉáõÛÃ
÷ñ÷ñáõÝ ·ÇÝÇ. ~ conversation ÷Ëμ. ÷³Û- áõݻݳÉ. Ò³ÛÝ »Ù ËݹñáõÙ. The facts ~ for
ÉáõÝ ½ñáõÛó£ themselves ö³ëï»ñÝ Çñ»Ýù Çñ»Ýó Ù³ëÇÝ
sparrow [΄spærəu] n ×Ý×ÕáõÏ: »Ý ËáëáõÙ. No money/book/shop to ~ of
sparrow-grass [΄spærəugra:s] n ËëÏó. Êáë»Éáõ ³ñųÝÇ ·áõÙ³ñ/·Çñù/˳ÝáõÃ
ÍÝ»μ»Ï: ãϳ. ~ up μ³ñÓñ/Ñëï³Ï Ëáë»É. ³ñï³-
sparse [spa:s] a Ýáëñ, ó³Ýó³é. ³Õù³ïÇÏ, ѳÛïí»É. ~ up for one’s principles å³ßïå³-
ËÕ×áõÏ. ~ population áã ËÇï/Ýáëñ μݳÏ- Ý»É Çñ ëϽμáõÝùÝ»ñÁ:
ãáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ beard ó³Ýó³é ÙÇñáõù. ~ fur- speaker [΄spi:kə] n Ñé»ïáñ, ׳é³Ëáë,
speaking 773 spectator

»ÉáõÛà áõÝ»óáÕ. é³¹ÇáѳÕáñ¹³í³ñ. native species [΄spi:∫i:z] n ¹³ë, ó»Õ, ïÇå. the origin
~ É»½áõÝ ÏñáÕÁ, É»½í³ÏÇñ. a native English of ~ ï»ë³ÏÝ»ñÇ Í³·áõÙÁ. the human ~
~ Ù³Ûñ»ÝÇ É»½áõÝ` ³Ý·É»ñ»ÝÁ ËáëáÕ He is Ù³ñ¹Ï³ÛÇÝ ó»ÕÁ. a ~ of blackmail ݻݷ³-
a native ~ ¸³ Ýñ³ Ù³Ûñ»ÝÇ É»½áõÝ ¿ Russian ßáñÃáõÃÛ³Ý/ݻݷ³ëå³éݳÉÇùÇ ÙÇ ï»-
~s éáõë»ñ»Ý ËáëáÕÝ»ñ. prosaic ~ Ó³ÝÓñ³ÉÇ ë³Ï:
Ñé»ïáñ. the S~ å³éɳٻÝïÇ ËáëÝ³Ï specific [spə΄sifik] a ѳïáõÏ, Ûáõñ³Ñ³ïáõÏ,
(Ø´). гٳÛÝùÝ»ñÇ å³É³ïÇ Ý³Ë³·³Ñ. ³é³ÝÓݳѳïáõÏ. a ~ remedy ѳïáõÏ/
~s μ³ñÓñ³Ëáë: ³é³ÝÓݳѳïáõÏ ÙÇçáó/¹»Õ. a ~ purpose
speaking [΄spi:kiŋ] a ËáëáÕ. ËÇëï ³ñ- ѳïáõÏ/áñáß³ÏÇ Ýå³ï³Ïáí. ~ gravity
ï³Ñ³ÛïÇã. ß³ï ÝÙ³Ý, ÇëÏÁ. within ~ dis- ýǽ. ï»ë³Ï³ñ³ñ ÏßÇé:
tance Éë»ÉÇáõÃÛ³Ý ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ. not to be specification [‚spesəfi΄kei∫n] n ѳïÏáñá-
on ~ terms Çñ³ñ Ñ»ï ãËáë»É. ~ likeness ßáõÙ, ¹³ë³Ï³ñ·áõÙ. μÝáñáßáÕ ÷³ëï³-
÷Ëμ. ß³ï ÝÙ³Ý ÉÇÝ»ÉÁ. ß³ï Ù»Í ÝÙ³- ÃáõÕÃ. ÑÙÏñ·. ëå»óÇýÇϳódz, Ýϳñ³-
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ tube Ëáë³÷áÕ. Ù»·³ýáÝ: ·ñáõÙ. ~ language ÑÙÏñ·. Ýϳñ³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ-
speaking [΄spi:kiŋ] v (Ñ»é.) ÉëáõÙ »Ù, Ý»ñÇ É»½áõ. ~ statement ÑÙÏñ·. Ýϳñ³·ñáõ-
»ë »Ù: ÃÛ³Ý ûå»ñ³ïáñ:
spear [spiə] n Ýǽ³Ï, ï»·: specifier [spesə΄faiə] n ÑÙÏñ·. Ýϳñ³·ñÇã,
spear [spiə] v Ýǽ³Ïáí Ëáó»É. Ëñí»É, ëå»óÇýÇϳïáñ:
ÙËí»É: specify [΄spesəfai] v ×ßï»É, ѳïÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ
spearhead [΄spiəhed] n Ýǽ³ÏÇ Í³Ûñ: áñáß»É. ݳ˳ï»ë»É, Ãí³ñÏ»É. ~ the colour
spearman [΄spiəmən] n Ýǽ³Ï³ÏÇñ: ×ßï»É/×ß·ñï»É ·áõÛÝÁ:
special [΄spe∫l] n h³ïáõÏ, ³ñï³Ï³ñ·. specimen [΄spesəmin] n ÝÙáõß, ûñÇݳÏ.
ûñÃÇ ³ñï³Ï³ñ· ѳٳñ. ѳïáõÏ Ýå³- blood/urine ~ μÅßÏ. ³ñÛ³Ý/Ù»½Ç ÷áñÓ³ñ-
ï³ÏÇ ·Ý³óù: ÏáõÙ. ~ copy ëǷݳɳÛÇÝ ûñÇÝ³Ï ~ signature
special [΄spe∫l] a ѳïáõÏ, ³ñï³Ï³ñ·, Ù³ë- ïå³·ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÝÙáõß. (Ù³ñ¹, ³ÝÓݳíáñáõ-
ݳíáñ. a ~ treatment ѳïáõÏ í»ñ³μ»ñ- ÃÛáõÝ) a queer ~ ï³ñûñÇÝ³Ï Ù³ñ¹/ ïÇå:
ÙáõÝù. a ~ messenger ѳïáõÏ Ñ³ÝÓݳϳ- specious [΄spi:∫əs] a å³ïß³×, ѳñÙ³ñ.
ï³ñ. take ~ care ѳïáõÏ ËݳÙù ï³Ý»É. a ~ ×ßÙ³ñï³ÝÙ³Ý:
day ³ñï³Ï³ñ· ûñ. ~ friend Ù»Í/³Ù»Ý³É³í speck [spek] n μÇÍ, åáõï. a ~ of dust ÷áßáõ
μ³ñ»Ï³ÙÁ. ~ correspondent ѳïáõÏ ÃÕó- ѳïÇÏ. Not a ~ of dirt anywhere àã ÙÇ ï»Õ
ÏÇó. ~ delivery ßï³å ³é³ùáõÙ. ~ powers Ï»ÕïÇ μÇÍ ãϳñ:
ùÕù. ³ñï³Ï³ñ· Édz½áñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: speckle [΄spekl] n μÍÇÏ, åÇë³Ï:
specialist [΄spe∫list] n Ù³ëݳ·»ï. a ~ in speckled [΄spekld] a μͳíáñ, åáõï³íáñ,
chemistry ùÇÙÇÏáë, ùÇÙdzÛÇ Ù³ëݳ·»ï. an åÇë³Ï³íáñ. a ~ hen ã³ÉÇÏ, ã³ÉåïáõñÇÏ
ѳíÇÏ:
eye/heart ~ ³ãùÇ/ëñïÇ Ù³ëݳ·»ï:
speciality [‚spe∫i΄æləti] n Ù³ëݳ·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ. specs [΄speks] n ËëÏó. ³ÏÝáó:
make a ~ Ù³ëݳ·Çï³Ý³É. Her ~ is Greek
spectacle [΄spektəkl] n ï»ë³ñ³Ý, å³ïÏ»ñ.
a lamentable/moving/sad ~ áÕμ³ÉÇ/Ñáõ½Çã
tragedy ÐáõÝ³Ï³Ý áÕμ»ñ·áõÃÛáõÝÁ Ýñ³
ï»ë³ñ³Ý. ïËáõñ ï»ë³ñ³Ý/å³ïÏ»ñ. ~s
Ù³ëݳ·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝÝ ¿. This dish is my ~ ²Ûë
ËëÏó. specs (ݳ¨ a pair of ~s) ³ÏÝáó.
áõï»ëïÁ ÇÙ ýÇñÙ³ÛÇÝÝ ¿£
through rose-coloured ~s í³ñ¹³·áõÛÝ ³ÏÝá-
specialize [΄spe∫əlaiz] v Ù³ëݳ·Çï³Ý³É. ~ óáí/³ÏÝáóÇ ÙÇçáí. ~ case ³ÏÝáóÇ å³ï-
in mathematics Ù³ëݳ·Çï³Ý³É ٳûٳ-
Û³Ý:
ÃÇϳÛÇ Ù»ç:
spectacled [΄spektəkld] a ³ÏÝáó ÏñáÕ,
specially [΄spe∫li] adv ѳïϳå»ë. It was ~ ³ÏÝáó³íáñ:
made for you ¸³ ѳïϳå»ë Ó»½ ѳٳñ ¿ñ
spectacular [spek΄tækjulə] a ïå³íáñÇã,
³ñí³Í. ~ tailored ѳïáõÏ å³ïí»ñáí ϳ- ³½¹áõ. ¿ý»Ïï³íáñ. ËëÏó. óÝóáÕ, ßßÙ»-
ñ³Í: óáõóÇã. a ~ success óÝóáÕ Ñ³çáÕáõÃÛáõÝ:
specie [΄spi:∫i] n ÑÝãáõÝ ¹ñ³Ù. in ~ ϳÝËÇÏ spectator [spek΄teitə] n ѳݹÇë³ï»ë.
¹ñ³Ùáí. μݳÙûñùáí: ¹ÇïáÕ, ³Ï³Ý³ï»ë:
spectral 774 spending

spectral [΄spektrəl] a ï»ëÇɳÛÇÝ, áõñí³- speedboat [΄spi:dbəut] n ³ñ³·ÁÝóó Ùá-


ϳÝÇ. ýǽ. Éáõë³å³ïÏ»ñ³ÛÇÝ, ëå»Ïïñ³- ïáñ³Ý³í³Ï/ϳï»ñ:
ÛÇÝ: speedily [΄spi:dili] adv ³ñ³·áñ»Ý:
spectre [΄spektə] n ï»ëÇÉ, áõñí³Ï³Ý: speedometer [spi΄dɒmitə] n ³ñ³·³ã³÷,
spectrum [΄spektrəm] n ýǽ. Éáõë³å³ï- ëåǹáÙ»ïñ:
Ï»ñ, ëå»Ïïñ: speedway [΄spi:dwei] n ÙñóáõÕÇ:
specular [΄spekjulə] a ѳۻɳÝÙ³Ý, ³Ý¹ñ³- speedy [΄spi:di] a ³ñ³·, ³ñ³·ÁÝóó,
¹³ñÓÝáÕ. ³ñï³óáÉáÕ (ٳϻñ»ë): ëñÁÝóó. ³Ýѳå³Õ. a ~ recovery/service
speculate [΄spekjuleit] v Ùï³Í»É, ËáñÑñ¹³- ³ñ³· ³å³ùÇÝáõÙ/ëå³ë³ñÏáõÙ. a ~ an-
Í»É. ~ upon the future ËáñÑñ¹³Í»É ³å³·³- swer ³Ýѳå³Õ å³ï³ë˳Ý:
ÛÇ Ù³ëÇÝ. ýÇÝ. ëå»ÏáõÉÛ³ódzÛáí ½μ³Õí»É. spell [spel] v Ñ»·»É (μ³éÁ). ~ the word μ³éÁ
~ in shares/currency ³ñÅ»ÃÕûñÇ/³ñÅáõÛÃ- ï³é ³é ï³é ³ë»É. How do you ~ this
Ý»ñÇ ëå»ÏáõÉÛ³ódzÛáí ½μ³Õí»É: word? ÆÝãå»±ë ¿ ³Ûë μ³éÁ ·ñíáõÙ. He can’t
speculation [‚spekju΄lei∫n] n ËáñÑñ¹³ÍáõÙ. ~ ܳ ë˳ÉÝ»ñáí ¿ ·ñáõÙ. ~ disaster ³Õ»ï
Ùï³ÍÙáõÝù. ëå»ÏáõÉÛ³ódz, ã³ñ³ß³ÑáõÙ. ëå³éݳÉ/·áõß³Ï»É ~ out í»ñͳݻÉ, Ù»Ï-
»Ýó¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. It’s pure ~ ¸³ ÉáÏ »Ýó¹- ݳμ³Ý»É. ~ out the problem ѳñóÁ Ù³Ýñ³-
ñáõÃÛáõÝ ¿. ~ in gold áëÏáõ ëå»ÏáõÉÛ³ódz: Ù³ëÝ ùÝݳñÏ»É/ͳÙÍÙ»É/μ³ó³ïñ»É. spell
speculative [΄spekjulətiv] a Ùï³Ñ³Û»óáÕ³- checker ÑÙÏñ·. ëñμ³·ñÇã:
ϳÝ. ëå»ÏÛáõɳïÇí: spell I [spel] n ϳ˳ñ¹³Ýù, ÑÙ³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ,
speculator [΄spekjuleitə] n Ùï³ÍáÕ, Ëáñ- ¹ÛáõÃáõÙ. Ãáíã³Ýù. under the ~ of music
ÑáÕ. ëå»ÏáõÉÛ³Ýï Ù³ñ¹: »ñ³ÅßïáõÃÛ³Ùμ ÑÙ³Ûí³Í. cast a ~ ÑÙ³Û»É,
speech [spi:t∫] n Ëáëù, ËáëáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. free- Ãáí»É. break the ~ ÑÙ³ÛùÁ ˳Ëï»É£
dom of ~ ËáëùÇ ³½³ïáõÃÛáõÝ. maiden ~ spell II [spel] n Ñ»ñÃ. take ~s at work Ñ»ñÃáí
³é³çÇÝ »ÉáõÛÃÁ. deliver/make a ~ ×³é ³ñ- ³ß˳ï»É. take a ~ at the wheel Çñ Ñ»ñÃÇÝ
Ù»ù»Ý³Ý í³ñ»É. (ųٳݳϳßñç³Ý, ų-
ï³ë³Ý»É. (μ³ñμ³é, Ëáëí³Íù. Ëáë»Éáõ
ٳݳϳÙÇçáó) by/in ~s Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ³é ų-
Ó¨/»Õ³Ý³Ï) By his ~ you can say where he is
ٳݳÏ. a ~ of cold weather óñï»ñÇ Å³Ù³-
from Üñ³ Ëáëí³ÍùÇó ϳñ»ÉÇ ¿ Ïé³Ñ»É, û
ݳϳßñç³Ý. a bad ~ í³ï ųٳݳϳ-
ݳ áñï»ÕÇó ¿. ~ day ï³ñ»í»ñçÛ³Ý Ñ³Ý-
ßñç³Ý. a ~ of duty Ñ»ñóå³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ:
¹»ë áõëáõÙÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ëï³ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáõÙ:
speechless [΄spi:t∫ləs] a ѳÙñ, Éé³ÏÛ³ó, spellbind [΄spelbaind] v ÑÙ³Û»É, Ãáí»É, ϳ-
˳ñ¹»É:
Éáõé. å³å³ÝÓí³Í/ë³ñë³÷Çó ¨ ³ÛÉÝ/. be
spellbound [΄spelbaund] a ÑÙ³Ûí³Í, ϳ-
left ~ Ëáë»Éáõ áõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÏáñóÝ»É, å³-
˳ñ¹í³Í. ѳ÷ßï³Ïí³Í. hold the audience
å³ÝÓí»É. ~ with fury ϳï³ÕáõÃÛáõÝÇó
~ ѳݹÇë³ï»ëÇÝ Ï³Ë³ñ¹»É:
ɳÉÏí³Í:
speller [΄spelə] n áõÕÕ³·ñáõÃÛ³Ý ï³ññ³-
speed [spi:d] n ³ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝ. at full ~ ÉÇÁÝ- Ï³Ý ¹³ë³·Çñù:
óó ³ñ³·áõÃÛ³Ùμ. at/with lightning ~ ϳÛ-
spelling [΄speliŋ] n áõÕÕ³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
ͳÏݳÛÇÝ ³ñ³·áõÃÛ³Ùμ. ~ of light/sound
spelling-book [΄speliŋbuk] n áõÕÕ³·ñ³-
ÉáõÛëÇ/Ó³ÛÝÇ ³ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝ. gather ~ ³ñ³- Ï³Ý í³ñÅáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ÅáÕáí³Íáõ:
·áõÃÛáõÝ ½³ñ·³óÝ»É. exceed the ~ limit ·»- spencer [΄spensə] n μñ¹Û³ ϳñ× μ³×ÏáݳÏ:
ñ³½³Ýó»É ÃáõÛɳïñ»ÉÇ ³ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝÁ: ~ spend [spend] v ͳËë»É. ~ money ÷áÕ
merchant ËëÏó. ÷³Ã»ñ³Ï³íáñ í³ñáñ¹ ͳËë»É. ~ a fortune ÑëÏ³Û³Ï³Ý ·áõÙ³ñ
(ÉÇ˳ã)£ ͳËë»É. (³ÝóϳóÝ»É, í³ïÝ»É) ~ time
speed [spi:d] v ³ñ³· ß³ñÅí»É, ëñÁÝóó Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ³ÝóϳóÝ»É. He spent a week in
·Ý³É. ëɳݳÉ. The years ~ by î³ñÇÝ»ñÁ Paris ܳ ÙÇ ß³μ³Ã ö³ñǽáõÙ ³Ýóϳóñ»ó.
ëɳÝáõÙ »Ý. ~ up ³ñ³·³óÝ»É. ~ up work ~ one’s spare time ³½³ï ųٳݳÏÝ ³Ýó-
³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ ÁÝóóùÁ ³ñ³·³óÝ»É. The ϳóÝ»É. ~ energy ç³Ýù»ñ/¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ ͳËë»É.
train is ~ing up ¶Ý³óùÁ ³ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝ ¿ The water is spent æáõñÁ í»ñç³ó»É ¿:
½³ñ·³óÝáõÙ: spending [΄spendiŋ] n ͳËë»ñ. Government
spendthrift 775 spirit

~ ϳé³í³ñ³Ï³Ý ͳËë»ñ. ~ power ·Ýá- spin [spin] v ٳݻÉ, áÉáñ»É, ·áñÍ»É. ~ a web
ÕáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ: áëï³ÛÝ ·áñÍ»É. ~ a yarn ÷Ëμ. ³ÝѻûÃáõ-
spendthrift [΄spendθrift] n ßé³ÛÉ/í³ïÝáÕ/ ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ¹áõñë ï³É. (åïï»É, åïï»óÝ»É)
³ÝËݳ ͳËëáÕ Ù³ñ¹: ~ a wheel ³ÝÇí åïï»É. ~ round åïïí»É
spent [spent] a áõųëå³é, ëå³éí³Í: The dancers were ~ning faster ä³ñáÕÝ»ñÝ
sperm [spə:m] n Ï»Ýë. ë»ñÙ, ë»ñÙݳѻÕáõÏ: ³í»ÉÇ ³ñ³· ¿ÇÝ åïïíáõÙ My head is ~ning
sphere [sfiə] n ·Éáμáõë. Ù³Ã. ·áõݹ. (³ëå³- ¶ÉáõËë åïïíáõÙ ¿. ~ for fish ÓáõÏ μéÝ»É. ~
ñ»½, ßñç³Ý) ~ of activity/influence ·áñÍáõ- out Ó·»É. ~ oët the work ³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ Ó·»É.
Ý»áõÃÛ³Ý ³ëå³ñ»½. ³½¹»óáõÃÛ³Ý ßñç³Ý. ~ out the money till pay day ÷áÕÁ Ó·»É ÙÇÝã¨
out of one’s ~ Çñ³½»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÇó/Çñ³í³ëáõ- ³ß˳ï³í³ñÓÇ ûñÁ:
ÃÛáõÝÇó ¹áõñë: spin [spin] n åïï»ÉÁ, åïáõÛï ï³ÉÁ.
spherical [΄sferikl] a ·Ý¹³Ó¨. áÉáñï³ÛÇÝ: åïáõÛï. åïáõÛï¿çù/ßïáåáñ/. go into/get
sphinx [sfiŋks] n ëýÇÝùë: out of a ~ ÙïÝ»É åïáõÛï¿çù, ¹áõñë ·³É
spice [spais] n ѳٻÙáõÝù. ÷Ëμ. ·ñ³í- åïáõÛï¿çùÇó. go for a/take a ~ ½μáë³ßñç»É:
ãáõÃÛáõÝ, Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝ. ѳÙáõÑáï. spinach [΄spinidз] n ëå³Ý³Ë:
÷Ëμ. (½·³Û³óáõÝó. μ³ñϳѳÙ) add ~ to the spinal [΄spainl] a ϽÙË. áÕݳ߳ñÇ, áÕݳ-
story å³ïÙáõÃÛ³ÝÁ Ññ³åáõñ³Ýù ³í»É³ó- ß³ñ³ÛÇÝ. ~ column áÕݳ߳ñ. ~ cord áÕÝáõ-
Ý»É: Õ»Õ:
spice [spais] v ѳٻٻÉ, ѳٻÝáõÝù ·ó»É. spindle [΄spindl] n ÇÉÇÏ. ï»Ë. ëéÝÇ,
÷Ëμ. Ñ»ï³ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝ/·ñ³íãáõÃÛáõÝ ³é³Ýóù:
ï³É. The dish was highly ~d λñ³ÏáõñÇ Ù»ç spindling [΄spindliŋ] a »ñϳñ áõ μ³ñ³Ï.
ß³ï ѳٻÙáõÝù ϳñ: »ñϳñ³Ñ³ë³Ï áõ ÝÇѳñ:
spick [spik] a - and - span ÏáÏÇÏ, ß³ï Ù³- spin-drier [‚spin΄draiə] n ãáñ³óÝáÕ ë³ñù:
ùáõñ. The house is ~ îáõÝÁ Ù³ùñáõÃÛáõÝÇó spindrift [΄spindrift] n Íáí³÷ñ÷áõñ.
÷³ÛÉáõÙ ¿. She is always ~ ܳ ÙÇßï ÏáÏÇÏ ¿ Íáí³çñÇ ó³ÛïáõÏÝ»ñ:
ѳ·Ýí³Í: spine [spain] n ϽÙË. áÕݳ߳ñ. Ï»Ýë. ÷áõß,
spicy [΄spaisi] a ѳٻÙí³Í, ëáõñ, ÏÍáõ. ѳ- ³ë»Õ. (·ñùÇ) ÏéݳÏ, ϳ½ÙÇ Ù³ë:
ÙáõÑáïáí. ÷Ëμ. ½·³Û³óáõÝó, ·ñ·éÇã: spineless [΄spainləs] a ϽÙË. ³ÝáÕݳ߳ñ.
spider [΄spaidə] n ë³ñ¹. ÷Ëμ. ³ñÛáõÝ ÍÍáÕ, ÷Ëμ. ÃáõɳϳÙ, ³ÝϳÛáõÝ ³ÝáÕݳ߳ñ:
³ñݳËáõÙ. μ³Ýë³ñÏáõ: spinner [΄spinə] n Ù³ÝáÕ, Ù³Ýáñ¹:
spidery [΄spaidəri] a ë³ñ¹³ÝÙ³Ý. ß³ï spinney [΄spini] n Ù³ó³éáõï, Ã÷áõï.
μ³ñ³Ï, Ýáõñμ: ³Ýï³é³Ï, åáõñ³Ï:
spiffy [΄spifi] a ËëÏó. å×ݳ·»Õ, Ýñμ³·»Õ. spinning [΄spiniŋ] n Ù³ÝáõÙ, ٳݻÉÁ. ~ rod
·»Õ»óÇÏ: ÓÏÝáñë³Ï³Ý ϳñÃ:
spike I [spaik] n Ù»Ë, 쨻é. ëáõñ ͳÛñ. ë»å, spinster [΄spinstə] n ã³Ùáõëݳó³Í ÏÇÝ.
å³Ûï³ë»å. »ÕçÛáõñ: ËëÏó. å³é³í³Í ûñÇáñ¹:
spike II [spaik] n ѳëÏ: spiral [΄spairəl] 1. n ·³É³ñ, å³ñáõÛñ. in a ~
spike [spaik] v ͳϻÉ, ٻ˻É, Ë÷»É. ~d shoes ·³É³ñ³·Íáí. 2. a ·³É³ñ³Ó¨, å³ñáõ-
ë»å»ñáí ÏáßÇÏÝ»ñ: ñ³Ó¨. a ~ staircase ·³É³ñ³Ó¨ ³ëïÇ׳Ý:
spiky [΄spaiki] a ëñ³Í³Ûñ, ëáõñ: spiral [΄spairəl] v ·³É³ñí»É, å³ñáõñí»É. ~
spill [spil] n ó÷»É (Ñ»ÕáõÏÁ), ß³Õ ï³É. into a depression ÁÝÏÝ»É ¹»åñ»ëdzÛÇ Ù»ç:
ËëÏó. í³Ûñ ÁÝÏÝ»É (ÓÇáõó, ѻͳÝÇíÇó). ~ spirant [΄spairənt]1. n ß÷³Ï³Ý μ³Õ³Ó³ÛÝ.
wine/milk ·ÇÝÇ/ϳà ó÷»É. ~ the contents to 2. a ß÷³Ï³Ý:
the floor å³ñáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ ·»ïÝÇÝ Ã³- spire [΄spaiə] n ͳÛñ³ÓáÕ, ëñ³ÓáÕ. ëñ³-
÷»É. The boat turned and we were spilt into the ͳÛñ ·³·³Ã:
water ܳí³ÏÁ ßñçí»ó, ¨ Ù»Ýù ÁÝϳÝù çñÇ spirit [΄spirit] n á·Ç, Ñá·»Ï³Ý Ïáñáí. the life
Ù»ç/çáõñÁ ó÷í»óÇÝù. No use crying over of the ~ Ñá·»Ï³Ý ÏÛ³Ýù. unbroken ~ ³Ý-
spilt milk ÷Ëμ. Îáñóñ³ÍÁ »ï ã»ë í»ñ³- ÝÏáõÝ Ñá·Ç. put ~ into ϻݹ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É.
¹³ñÓÝÇ: ~ and letter ï³é áõ á·Ç. (³ÝÓ, Ñá·Ç) kindred
spirited 776 splinter

~s ѳñ³½³ï Ñá·ÇÝ»ñ. the leading ~ ÁÝÏ»- spiv [spiv] n ËëÏó. Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏ/׳ñåÇÏ


ñ³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý á·ÇÝ (»é³Ý¹, á·¨áñáõÃÛáõÝ) Ù³ñ¹:
high/bad, low ~s μ³ñÓñ/í³ï ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõ- splash [splæ∫] n ×áÕ÷ÛáõÝ, ó³ÛïáõóñÇí
ÃÛáõÝ. keep one’s ~s ãÁÝÏ×í»É. be out of ~s ³Ý»ÉÁ. The stone fell into the water with a ~
³Ýïñ³Ù³¹Çñ ÉÇÝ»É. have great ~s Ñá·áí ù³ñÁ ×áÕ÷ÛáõÝáí çáõñÝ ÁÝϳí. make a ~
áõÅ»Õ ÉÇÝ»É. be in excellent/high/poor ~s ³ÕÙáõÏ μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É. The news made a ~
·»ñ³½³Ýó/μ³ñÓñ/í³ï ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÈáõñÁ/ÜáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ù»Í ³ÕÙáõÏ μ³ñÓ-
Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É. lack ~s Ï»Ýë³Ï³Ý áõÅ»ñÁ ãμ³- ñ³óñ»ó. (μÇÍ) a ~ of colour Ý»ñÏÇ μÇÍ:
í³ñ³ñ»É. fighting ~ Ù³ñï³Ï³Ý á·Ç. take splash [splæ∫] v ß³Õ ï³É, ß÷»É, ó³Ûï»É. ~
smth in the wrong ~ ×Çßï/³ÛÝå»ë ãѳë- water at smn Ù»ÏÇ íñ³ çáõñ ß÷»É. ~ milk
ϳݳÉ. ùÇÙ. ëåÇñï ~s ³ÉÏáÑáɳÛÇÝ Ï³ÃÁ ó÷»É. ~ the coat with mud í»ñ³ñÏáõÝ
ËÙÇãùÝ»ñ. raw ~ Ù³ùáõñ ëåÇñï. a ~ lamp/ ó»Ëáï»É. The hot fat ~ed on her î³ù ÛáõÕÁ
stove ëåÇñï³Ûñáó. drink ~s á·»ÉÇó ËÙÇãù- ó³Ûï»ó/Ãé³í Ýñ³ íñ³. ~ money about
Ý»ñ û·ï³·áñÍ»É: ÷áÕÁ ù³ÙáõÝ ï³É/ó÷Ý»É. (ãÉÙ÷³óÝ»É,
spirited [΄spiritid] a ³ßËáõÛÅ, ϻݹ³ÝÇ, ×áÕå»É) She was ~ing in the water ܳ
ѳٳñÓ³Ï. a ~ argument ï³ù í»×. a ~ per- ãÉÙ÷³óÝáõÙ ¿ñ çñáõÙ. ~ down çñ¿çù ϳï³-
formance á·»ßÝãí³Í Ý»ñϳ۳óáõÙ: ñ»É (ÇÝùݳÃÇé):
spiritual [΄spirit∫uəl] 1. a Ñá·¨áñ, Ñ᷻ϳÝ. splash-board [΄splæ∫bɔ:d] n ó³Ûï³ßÇ-
~ heir Ñá·¨áñ ųé³Ý·. (ÏñáݳϳÝ, ëñμ³- ûñÇó å³Ñå³ÝáÕ Ñ³ñÙ³ñ³Ýù;
½³Ý) 2. n a (negro) ~ Ý»·ñ³Ï³Ý ëåÇ- splashy [΄splæ∫i] a ó»Ëáïí³Í, Ï»Õïáï-
ñÇãáõ³É: í³Í, íñ³Ý óáÉù»ñ Ãé³Í:
spiritualism [΄spirit∫uliz(ə)m] Ñá·»ÑÙ³Ûáõ- splay [splei] n, ³ ûù ѳñÃáõÃÛáõÝ, ûùáõ-
ÃÛáõÝ: ÃÛáõÝ. ûù, ß»Õ. ÷éí³Í, ɳÛݳó³Í:
spiry I [΄spaiəri] a ëñ³Í³Ûñ: splay-foot [΄spleifut] n Íé³Ã³ÃáõÃÛáõÝ,
spiry II [΄spaiəri] a å³ñáõñ³Ó¨, ·³É³ñ³Ó¨. ÍáõéóÃáõÃÛáõÝ£
·³É³ñí³Í, áÉáñí³Í: spleen [spli:n] n ϽÙË. ÷³ÛͳÕ. (ã³ñáõ-
spit I [spit] n ³ßËñ·. ó³Ù³ù³É»½í³Ï. ÃÛáõÝ, Ù³ÕÓ) act out of ~ ã³ñáõÃÛáõÝÇó
»ñϳñ³ÓÇ· ³é³÷ÝÛ³ ͳÝͳÕáõï. ß³Ù- ¹ñ¹í³Í ³Ý»É. vent one’s ~ upon Ù³ÕÓÁ Ù»ÏÇ
÷áõñ, ßÇß: íñ³ ó÷»É. (ٻɳٳÕÓáïáõÃÛáõÝ) a fit of ~
spit II [spit] n Ãáõù, Ãù³ÍÁ. the dead ~ of Ù»ÏÇ Ù»É³Ù³ÕÓáõÃÛ³Ý Ýáå³:
ÇëÏ³Ï³Ý å³ïÏ»ñÁ. ùÃÇó ÁÝϳÍ: spleenful [΄spli:nfl] a Ùé³ÛÉ, Ù³ÕÓáï. ¹Ûáõ-
spit [spit] v Ãù»É (ݳ¨ ~ out/up) ~ blood ñ³·ñ·Çé:
³ñÛáõÝ Ãù»É. ~ at Ãßݳٳμ³ñ í»ñ³- splendent [΄splendənt] a ÷³ÛÉáõÝ, å³Ûͳé,
μ»ñí»É. S~ it out! Þáõï ³ë³°, ÙÇ° ͳÍÏÇñ. ~ ßáÕßáÕáõÝ:
in one’s face »ñ»ëÇÝ Ãù»É. (ýßß³óÝ»É) The cat splendid [΄splendid] a Ñá۳ϳå, ÷³é³Ñ»Õ.
spat at the dog γïáõÝ ýßß³óñ»ó ß³Ý íñ³. ÑdzݳÉÇ, ëù³Ýã»ÉÇ. ËëÏó. ³é³çݳϳñ·£
(Ãßß³É) The meat is ~ting in the pan ØÇëÁ splendour [΄splendə] n ×áËáõÃÛáõÝ, å³Ûͳ-
ÃßßáõÙ ¿ ï³å³ÏÇ Ù»ç. It began to ~ êÏë»ó éáõÃÛáõÝ. ÷³ÛÉ£
³ÝÓñ¨ ϳûÉ/³ÝÓñ¨»É: splenic [΄splenik] a ÷³ÛͳÕÇ:
spite [spait] n ã³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, áË, ù»Ý. out of ~ splice [splais] 1. n ÙdzÑÛáõëáõÙ, ѳݷáõÛó.
ã³ñáõÃÛáõÝÇó ¹ñ¹í³Í. He has a ~ against me Ïóáñ¹. 2. v ÙdzÑÛáõë»É, ÙdzóÝ»É, ÏåóÝ»É.
ÆÙ ¹»Ù áË áõÝÇ. in ~ of ãݳ۳Í, ѳϳé³Ï. ËëÏó. ³ÙáõëݳݳÉ, ³ÙáõëݳóÝ»É:
in/for ~ Ç Ñ»×áõÏë, çÇ·ñáõ: splint [splint] n μÅßÏ. μ»Ï³Ï³É (ßÇݳ):
spiteful [΄spaitfl] a ã³ñ, á˳ϳÉ, ã³- splinter [΄splintə] n μ»Ïáñ, ï³ß»Õ. Ù³ïÇ
ñ³ËÇݹ: ÷áõß. run a ~ ÷áõß ÙïÝ»É. ~ group ³Ýç³ï-
spitfire [΄spit‚faiə] n ¹Ûáõñ³·ñ·Çé/ï³ù³ñ- í³Í/ ϳå»ñÁ ˽³Í ËáõÙμ/ËÙμ³íáñáõÙ:
ÛáõÝ Ù³ñ¹: splinter [΄splintə] v Ïáïñ»É, ~ wood ÷³Ûï
spittle [΄spitl] n Ãáõù, Ãù³ÍÁ: Ïáïñ»É. ~ glass ³å³ÏÇÝ/ѳۻÉÇÝ Ïá-
spittoon [spi΄tu:n] n Ãù³Ù³Ý: ïÁñ(í)»É:
splinterproof 777 spontaneous

splinterproof [΄splintəpru:f] a ãÏáïñíáÕ. ͳé³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ å³ßïáÝ ëï³-


ã÷ßñíáÕ£ ó³Í ³ÝÓ:
split [split] n ×»ÕùáõÙ. »ñÏ÷»ÕÏáõÙ. å³- spoilsport [΄spɔilspɔ:t] n ѳ×áõÛùÁ ÷ã³ó-
é³ÏïáõÙ. ˽áõÙ: ÝáÕ Ù³ñ¹. He is such a ~ ܳ ÙÇßï ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã
split [split] v ×»Õù»É, Ïáïñ»É. Ù³ë»ñÇ ÷ã³óÝáõÙ ¿:
μ³Å³Ý»É. The blow ~ his head ѳñí³ÍÁ spoke [spəuk] n ³Ýí³×³Õ. (ß³ñųϳÝ
×Õ»ó Ýñ³ ·ÉáõËÁ. This issue ~ the party ²Ûë ³ëïÇ׳ÝÇ) ë³Ý¹Õ³Ù³ï. put a ~ in one’s
ѳñóÁ å³é³Ïï»ó Ïáõë³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ. The wheel ËáãÁݹáïÝ»ñ ëï»ÕÍ»É, ˳ݷ³ñ»É.
lightning ~ the tree γÛͳÏÁ ×»Õù»ó ͳéÁ. spoken [΄spəukən] a Ëáë³Ïó³Ï³Ý, μ³Ý³-
~ the atom ýǽ. ³ïáÙÁ ×»Õù»É. ~ hairs íáñ. a ~ language Ëáë³Ïó³Ï³Ý É»½áõ. a ~
Ù³ÝñáõùÝ»ñáí ½μ³Õí»É. ~ with laughter ÍÇ- promise μ³Ý³íáñ ËáëïáõÙ:
ͳÕÇó å³ÛûÉ. (μ³Å³Ý»É) ~ the difference spokesman [΄spəuksmən] n å³ï·³Ù³íáñ,
ï³ñμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ μ³Å³Ý»É/ÏÇë»É. ~ the Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇã. ËáëݳÏ. a government ~
money ÷áÕÁ Ù³ë»ñÇ μ³Å³Ý»É. (å³ÛûÉ, ϳé³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ý»ñϳ۳óáõóÇã:
å³ïéí»É) The bag ~ open ä³ñÏÁ sponge [spΛndз] n ëåáõÝ·. Éí³óáõÙ. give
å³ïéí»ó. ~ with ·Åïí»É. ~ up ³Ýç³ïí»É. smb a ~ ÉáÕ³óÝ»É Ù»ÏÇÝ. have a ~ down
The crowd ~ up ²ÙμáËÁ óñí»ó. They ~ up ëåáõÝ·áí ß÷í»É. ~ bag ÉáճݳÉáõ å³ñ³-
after three years of marriage ºñ»ù ï³ñí³ ·³Ý»ñÇ å³Ûáõë³Ï. ~ cake μÇëÏíÇï.
³ÙáõëÝáõÃÛáõÝÇó Ñ»ïá Ýñ³Ýù μ³Å³Ý- throw/chuck up the ~ ÷Ëμ. ѳÝÓÝí»É, Çñ»Ý
í»óÇÝ. ~ off åáÏí»É: å³ñïí³Í ׳ݳã»É:
split-level [΄splitlevl] n ï³ñμ»ñ ٳϳñ¹³Ï- sponge [spΛndз] v ëåáõÝ·áí Éí³Ý³É/ß÷»É.
Ý»ñ. a ~ house ï³ñμ»ñ ٳϳñ¹³ÏÝ»ñÇ ~ a carpet ϳñå»ïÁ Ù³ùñ»É ~ one’s face
íñ³ ϳéáõó³Í ß»Ýù: ëåáõÝ·áí ¹»ÙùÁ Éí³Ý³É. (áõñÇßÇ Ñ³ßíÇÝ
splitting [΄splitiŋ] a ë³ëïÇÏ, áõÅ»Õ. ~ head- ³åñ»É) He ~d a fiver off me ÆÝÓÝÇó 5 ¹áɳñ
ache ³Ñ³íáñ ·É˳ó³í. ~ speed ·É˳- åáÏ»ó. ~ing on/off the friends ÁÝÏ»ñÝ»ñÇ
åïáõÛï ³ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝ: ѳßíÇÝ ³åñ»É:
splotch [splɒt∫] n Ï»Õïáï μÇÍ, Ï»Õï³μÇÍ: sponger [΄spΛndзə] n Óñdzϻñ, åáñï³-
splurge [splə:dз] n å³ñÍ»ÝÏáïáõÃÛáõÝ; μáõÛÍ:
splutter [΄splΛtə] n í»×, Çñ³ñ³ÝóáõÙ. spongy [΄spΛndзi] a ëåáõÝ·³ÝÙ³Ý, ͳÏáï-
³ñ³·/³Ýå³ñ½ Ëáëù: Ï»Ý:
splutter [΄splΛtə] v ϳϳ½»Éáí Ëáë»É. sponsor [΄spɒnsə] n »ñ³ß˳íáñ, Ñáí³Ý³-
(Ãßß³É) ~ with rage ÷Ëμ. ϳï³ÕáõÃÛáõÝÇó íáñ. ¹ñ³Ù³Ï³Ý û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ óáõÛó ïíáÕ
»é³É/Ãßß³É. (×ñÃ×ñóÉ) The candle/wood ³ÝÓ/ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝ. stand ~ for smb
was ~ing ØáÙÁ/ö³ÛïÁ ×ñÃ×ñÃáõÙ ¿ñ: »ñ³ß˳íáñ»É Ù»ÏÇÝ. the ~ of the programme
spoil [spɔil] n ³í³ñ, ÏáÕáåáõï. ~s é³½Ù³- Íñ³·ÇñÁ ýÇݳÝë³íáñáÕ ³ÝÓ/ýÇñÙ³. ~ of
í³ñ. ~ of war å³ï»ñ³½ÙÇ é³½Ù³í³ñ. ~s a resolution μ³Ý³Ó¨Ç/ݳ˳·ÍÇ Ñ»ÕÇݳÏ:
system “³í³ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·”. (ѳÕóݳ- sponsor [΄spɒnsə] v »ñ³ß˳íáñ»É, ýÇݳÝ-
Ï³Í Ïáõë³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý å³ßïáÝÝ»ñÇ μ³Å³- ë³íáñ»É. ûųݹ³Ï»É. ~ a new member Ýáñ
ÝáõÙ Çñ ÏáÕÙݳÏÇóÝ»ñÇÝ): ³Ý¹³Ù »ñ³ß˳íáñ»É. ~ a competition
spoil [spɔil] v ÷ã³óÝ»É, »ñ»ë ï³É. ÷ã³Ý³É. ÙñóáõÛà ýÇݳÝë³íáñ»É:
óɳݻÉ, ѳ÷ßï³Ï»É. ~ the view ï»ë³- sponsorship [΄spɒnsə∫ip] n Ñáí³Ý³íáñáõ-
ñ³ÝÁ ÷ã³óÝ»É. ~ the appetite ³ËáñųÏÁ ÃÛáõÝ, ýÇݳÝë³íáñáõÙ. ûųݹ³ÏáõÙ:
÷ã³óÝ»É. ~ the effect ïå³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ spontaneity [‚spɒntə΄neiəti] n ÇÝùݳμ»ñ³-
÷ã³óÝ»É. ~ the child »ñ»Ë³ÛÇÝ »ñ»ë ï³É. ~ ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ÇÝùݳμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
for a fight ÷Ëμ. ÏéíÇ Ù»ç ËóÏí»É. ~t ballot spontaneous [spɒn΄teiniəs] a ÇÝùݳμ»ñ,
paper ³Ýí³í»ñ ùí»³Ã»ñÃÇÏ: ï³ñ»ñ³ÛÇÝ. ÇÝùݳμáõË, ѳÝå³ïñ³ë-
spoilage [΄spɔilidз] n ÷ã³óáõÙ, ÷ã³Ý³ÉÁ. ïÇó. ~ demonstration ï³ñ»ñ³ÛÇÝ óáõÛó. His
÷ã³ó³Í ³åñ³Ýù: offer was ~ Üñ³ ³é³ç³ñÏÁ h³Ýå³ïñ³ë-
spoilsman [΄spɔilzmən] n ³Ù. ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý ïÇó/áïùÇ íñ³ ³ñí»ó:
spook 778 sprat

spook [spu:k] n ËëÏó. áõñí³Ï³Ý: sporty [΄spɔ:ti] a ËëÏó. óáõó³Ï³Ý, å×ݳ-


spooky [΄spu:ki] a ËëÏó. ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ. a ~ ÙáɳϳÝ. ù³ç³ñÇ, Ëǽ³Ë, ѳݹáõ·Ý:
film ýÇÉÙ-ë³ñë³÷: spot [spɒt] n μÇÍ, μÍÇÏ. ÷Ëμ. åáõï, ˳Ûï.
spool [spu:l] n Ïá×, ûɳÏá×. a ~ of film a ~ of blood/dirt ³ñÛ³Ý/Ï»ÕïÇ μÇÍ. a dress
Éáõë³Ýϳñã³Ï³Ý ųå³í»ÝÇ Ïá×: with red ~s ϳñÙÇñ åáõï»ñáí ßáñ. ~ of rain
spoon I [spu:n] n ·¹³É. dessert/table/tea ~ ³ÝÓñ¨Ç ϳÃÇÉ. (ó³Ý) come out in ~s ó³Ý
³Õ³Ý¹»ñÇ, ³Ýáõ߻ջÝÇ/׳ßÇ/ûÛÇ ·¹³É. ¹áõñë ï³É. ËëÏó. ÷áùñ ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ just
be born with a silver ~ in one’s mouth »ñç³ÝÇÏ a ~ of milk ÙÇ ùÇã ϳÃ, have a ~ of lunch ÙÇ
³ëïÕÇ ï³Ï ÍÝí»É: ûè áõï»É. (ï»Õ, í³Ûñ) a lovely ~ ·»Õ»óÇÏ
spoon II [spu:n] n ÙdzÙÇï/ëÇñ³Ñ³ñí³Í í³Ûñ. on the ~ ³ÝÙÇç³å»ë, ï»ÕÝáõï»ÕÁ.
Ù³ñ¹. be ~s ëÇñ³Ñ³ñí³Í ÉÇÝ»É: blind ~ Ù»éÛ³É Ï»ï. tender ~ Ëáó»ÉÇ ï»Õ.
spoon-feed [΄spu:nfi:d] v ·¹³Éáí ëÝ»É. weak ~ ÃáõÛÉ ï»Õ. an accident ~ ׳ݳå³ñÑÇ
÷Ëμ. ËÇëï Ñáí³Ý³íáñ»É/ËݳٳϳɻÉ. íï³Ý·³íáñ ѳïí³Í. He is in a tight ~ ܳ
Mothers shouldn’t ~ their children سÛñ»ñÁ ¹Åí³ñ ϳóáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ¿. ~ cash ϳÝËÇÏ
ãå»ïù ¿ ß³ï Ñáí³Ý³íáñ»Ý Çñ»Ýó »ñ»- ѳßí³ñÏ/í׳ñáõÙ. ~ remover Ï»Õï³Ñ³Ý
˳ݻñÇÝ: ÙÇçáó. ~ annoncement ³ñï³Ï³ñ· ѳÕáñ-
spoonful [΄spu:nful] n ÙÇ ÉÇùÁ ·¹³É. a ~ of ¹áõÙ£
honey ÙÇ ·¹³É Ù»Õñ: spot [spɒt] a ÁÝóóÇÏ. ~ market ÁÝóóÇÏ
spoony [΄spu:ni] n ë»ÝïÇÙ»Ýï³É ëÇñ³Ñ³ñ. ßáõϳ. ~ rate ÁÝóóÇÏ ¹ñáõÛù. ~ transaction
ëÇñ³Ñ³ñí³Í: ÁÝóóÇÏ ·áñͳñù:
spoor [spuə] n Ñ»ïù, Ñ»ïù»ñ: spot [spɒt] v μÍáï»É, μÇÍ ¹Ý»É. Ï»Õïáï»É.
sporadic [spə΄rædik] a »½³ÏÇ, ѳïáõÏ»Ýï, ÷Ëμ. ³ñ³ï³íáñ»É. a page ~ted with ink
å³ï³Ñ³Ï³Ý: óݳùáï³Í ¿ç. (Ýϳï»É) ~ the mistake
sporadically [spə΄rædikli] adv å³ï³Ñ³- ë˳ÉÁ Ýϳï»É. ~ the winner áñáß»É Ñ³Õ-
ϳÝáñ»Ý: ÃáÕÇÝ:
spore [spɔ:] n μëμ. ëåáñ, μ»ÕÙÝÇÏ: spotless [΄spɒtləs] a Ù³ùáõñ, ³ÝμÇÍ, ³Ý-
sport [spɔ:t] n ëåáñï, Ù³ñ½³Ýù. áñë, μ³ëÇñ. ~ white suit ³ÝμÇÍ ëåÇï³Ï
ÓÏÝáñëáõÃÛáõÝ. ëåáñïÇ ï»ë³Ï. Ù³ñ½³- ÏáëïÛáõÙ:
Ï³Ý Ë³Õ»ñ. outdoor/indoor ~s μ³óûÃÛ³ spotlight [΄spɒtlait] n óïñ. Éáõë³ñӳϣ
˳ջñ, ˳ջñ ÷³Ï ï³ñ³ÍùáõÙ (ß»Ýù ¨ spot on [‚spɒt΄ɒn] a ËëÏó. ÝÛáõÃÇÝ ³ÝÙÇ-
³ÛÉÝ). go in for ~s ëåáñïáí ½μ³Õí»É. be ç³å»ë í»ñ³μ»ñáÕ. What he said was ~ Üñ³
good at ~s ɳí Ù³ñ½ÇÏ ÉÇÝ»É. ~s Ù³ñ½³Ï³Ý ³ë³ÍÁ ×Çßï Ýß³ÝÇÝ Ë÷»ó:
ÙñóáõÙÝ»ñ. school ~s ¹åñáó³Ï³Ý ÙñóáõÙ- spotted [΄spɒtid] a μͳíáñ, ˳Ûï³μÕ»ï,
Ý»ñ. (ųٳÝó, ½í³ñ׳ÉÇù, ϳï³Ï) have ˳ïáõïÇÏ. ÷Ëμ. ³ñ³ï³íáñí³Í. a ~ tie
good ~ ɳí áõñ³Ë³Ý³É. ɳí áñë ³Ý»É. åáõï³íáñ ÷áÕϳå. ~ fever μÅßÏ. μͳíáñ
make ~ ͳÕñ»É. It was great ~ Þ³ï ÍÇ- ïÇý:
ͳջÉÇ ¿ñ. a good ~ ɳí ïÕ³, ÑdzݳÉÇ spotty [΄spɒti] a μͳíáñ, ˳ïáõïÇÏ. åáõï-
Ù³ñ¹. (å×ݳÙáÉ) ~ing a flashy tie Ùá¹³ÛÇÏ åáõï. ~ skin μßïÇϳíáñ Ù³ßÏ:
÷áÕϳå óáõó³¹ñ»É: spousal [΄spauzl] a ³ÙáõëݳϳÝ:
sporting [΄spɔ:tiŋ] a áñëáñ¹³Ï³Ý. give smn spouse [spaus] n ³ÙáõëÇÝ (³Ûñ, ÏÇÝ):
a ~ chance ËëÏó. Ù»ÏÇÝ ³ëå»ï³μ³ñ í»- spout [spaut] n, v Íáñ³Ï. ùÇà (Ã»Û³Ù³Ý ¨
ñ³μ»ñí»É, ٻͳÑá·Ç ÉÇÝ»É: ³ÛÉÝ). (ßßÇ, ³ÝáÃÇ) í½ÇÏ, μ»ñ³Ý. çñÇ áõÅ»Õ
sports [spɔ:ts] a Ù³ñ½³Ï³Ý. ~ ground/page/ Ñáë³Ýù/ßÇÃ. Water was ~ing from the pipe
wear/commentator Ù³ñ½³¹³ßï. Ù³ñ½³Ï³Ý æáõñÁ ßÇÃáí ¹áõñë ¿ñ Ë÷áõÙ ËáÕáí³ÏÇó.
¿ç/ѳ·áõëï/Ù»Ïݳμ³Ý: ~ for hours ÷Ëμ., ËëÏó. ß³ï³Ëáë»É:
sportsman [΄spɔ:tsmən] n Ù³ñ½ÇÏ. áñëáñ¹: sprain [sprein] n μÅßÏ. çÇÉ»ñÇ Ó·áõÙ (íݳë).
sportsmanship [΄spɔ:tsmən∫ip] n Ù³ñ½³- v çÕ»ñÁ Ó·»É. ~ one’s ankle Îá×Á (Ó·»Éáí)
Ï³Ý í³ñå»ïáõÃÛáõÝ. ³½ÝíáõÃÛáõÝ, ßÇï³- íݳë»É£
ÏáõÃÛáõÝ: sprat [spræt] n ßåñáï, ÏÇÉϳ:
sprawl 779 sprinkle

sprawl [sprɔ:l] v (·»ïÇÝ) ÷éí»É, Ù»ÏÝí»É, have a wonderful ~ ɳí ųٳݳÏ


Ó·í»É ³ÙμáÕç »ñϳñáõÃÛ³Ùμ. ï³ñ³Íí»É ³ÝóϳóÝ»É/ù»ý ³Ý»É. be out on a ~
(μáõÛëÁ). He was ~ing on the sofa ܳ Ù»ÏÝí»É ù»ýÇ/áõñ³ËáõÃÛ³Ý ·Ý³É. a shopping ~
¿ñ μ³½ÙáóÇ íñ³. The blow send him ~ing μ³½Ù³½³Ý/ѳ׻ÉÇ ·ÝáõÙÝ»ñ:
гñí³ÍÇó ݳ ·»ïÇÝ ÷éí»ó: sprig [sprig] n ×ÛáõÕ, ßÇí, áëï:
sprawly [΄sprɔ:li] a ÷éíáÕ, ï³ñ³ÍíáÕ. sprightly [΄spraitli] a ³ßËáõÛÅ, áõñ³Ë. with
ëáÕ³óáÕ (μáõÛë): a ~ step ³ßËáõÛÅ ù³ÛÉí³Íùáí:
spray I [sprei] n ×ÛáõÕ, ßÇí. áÕÏáõÛ½. ~ of lilac spring I [spriŋ] 1. n ·³ñáõÝ. ~ is in the air
Û³ë³Ù³ÝÇ ×ÛáõÕ: ¶³ñÝ³Ý Ñáï ¿ ·³ÉÇë. 2. a ·³ñݳݳÛÇÝ:
spray II [sprei] n ϳÃÇÉÝ»ñ, çñ³÷áßÇ. spring II [spriŋ] n ÃéÇãù, ó³ïÏ, áëïÛáõÝ.
Ñ»ÕáõÏÇ ó³ÛïáõÏÝ»ñ. the ~ of a waterfall ½ëå³Ý³Ï, ³é³Ó·³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ½ëå³Ï. a
çñí»ÅÇ ó³Ûï»ñ. Ñ»ÕáõÏ ÝÛáõà (ûͳݻÉÇù ¨ ~ mattress ½ëå³Ý³Ï³íáñ Ý»ñùݳÏ. coil ~
³ÛÉÝ) Ñ»Õáõϳóñ»Éáõ ѳٳñ. hair ~ Ù³½»ñÇ ½ëå³Ý³Ï³íáñ ½ëå³Ï£
ɳù. incecticide ~ ÃáõݳùÇÙÇϳï ÷ã»Éáõ spring III [spriŋ] n ³ÕμÛáõñ, ³ÏݳÕμÛáõñ.
ѳٳñ. Ñ»ÕáõϳóÇñ (åáõÉí»ñǽ³ïáñ)£ hot/mineral ~ ï³ù/ѳÝù³ÛÇÝ ³ÕμÛáõñ. ~
spray [sprei] v Ñ»Õáõϳóñ»É, óáÕ³óñ»É. water ³ÕμÛáõñÇ çáõñ:
óáÕ»É, ëñëÏ»É (μáõÛë»ñÁ). ~ plants μáõÛë»ñÁ spring I [spriŋ] v ó³ïÏ»É, áëïÝ»É. ~ aside
ëñëÏ»É. ~ oneself with scent ûͳݻÉÇù ÷ã»É. ÙÇ ÏáÕÙ ó³ïÏ»É. ~ to one’s feet ï»ÕÇó í»ñ
~ foam on flames μáó»ñÇ íñ³ ÷ñ÷ñ³çáõñ Ãéã»É. ~ up into the air û¹ Ãéã»É, í»ñ ó³ïÏ»É.
÷ã»É: The dog sprang at him ÞáõÝÁ ѳñÓ³Ïí»ó
sprayer [΄spreiə] n Ñ»ÕáõϳóÇñ, åáõÉí»- Ýñ³ íñ³. (å³ÛûóÝ»É) ~ a mine ³Ï³ÝÁ
ñǽ³ïáñ. ï»Ë. ÷áß»óñÇí ³ÝáÕ ·áñÍÇù, å³ÛûóÝ»É. (ÍÉ»É) Grass is ~ing up ÊáïÁ
ëñëÏÇã: ÍÉáõÙ ¿/μáõëÝáõÙ ¿. Tears sprang up to her eyes
spread [spred] n ï³ñ³ÍáõÙ, ÁݹɳÛÝáõÙ. ²ãù»ñÁ ³ñóáõÝùáí Éóí»óÇÝ. (ͳ·»É, ë»ñ-
stop the ~ ¹³¹³ñ»óÝ»É/ϳݷݻóÝ»É ï³ñ³- í»É) His actions ~ from ... Üñ³ ·áñÍáÕáõ-
ÍáõÙÁ. (μ³óí³Íù, ɳÛÝù) the wide ~ of the ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ͳ·áõÙ/·³ÉÇë »Ý... Doubts ~ to
country ɳÛÝ ï³ñ³ÍùÝ»ñ. (ѳóÇ íñ³ mind γëϳÍÝ»ñ »Ý ³é³ç³ÝáõÙ. Buildings
ùë»Éáõ μ³Ý) cheese ~ Ñ³É³Í å³ÝÇñ. There are ~ing up like mushrooms Þ»Ýù»ñÁ ëÝÏ»ñÇ
was a marvelous ~ on the table ÷Ëμ. ê»Õ³ÝÁ ÝÙ³Ý μáõëÝáõÙ »Ý:
ÉÇùÝ ¿ñ Ñ³Ù»Õ ËáñïÇÏÝ»ñáí: spring II [spriŋ] v μË»É, ó³Ûï»É, Ë÷»É
spread [spred] v ï³ñ³Í(í)»É, ͳí³É(í)»É, (³ÕμÛáõñ):
÷é»É. ~ a rug on the floor ѳï³ÏÇÝ ËëÇñ/ spring balance [‚spriŋ΄bæləns] n Ó»éùÇ
ϳñå»ï ÷é»É. ~ one’s hands Ù³ïÝ»ñÁ ãé»É. ½ëå³Ý³Ï³íáñ Ïß»éù, μ»½Ù»Ý:
~ one’s wings è»ñÁ ï³ñ³Í»É. ~ a map/cards spring board [΄spriŋbɔ:d] n ó³ï-
ù³ñ﻽Á/˳ճù³ñï»ñÁ ÷é»É. (ùë»É) ~ ϳѳñóÏ, ó³ïϳï³Ëï³Ï. ïñ³ÙåÉÇÝ:
butter on bread ѳóÇÝ Ï³ñ³· ùë»É. ~ jam all spring head [΄spriŋhed] n ³ÕμÛáõñÇ
over the face ¹»ÙùÇÝ ç»Ù ùëÙë»É. (ï³ñ³Í»É) ³ÏáõÝù, ³Õμñ³Ï:
~ knowledge/news ·Çï»ÉÇù/Éáõñ ï³ñ³Í»É. spring-tide [‚spriŋ΄taid] n μ³ñÓñ Ù³ÏÁÝ-
~ panic Ëáõ×³å ³é³ç³óÝ»É. ~ payment óóáõÃÛáõÝ. μÝëï. ·³ñáõÝ:
í׳ñáõÙÁ »ñϳñ³Ó·»É. (ï³ñ³Íí»l) The springtime [΄spriŋtaim] n ·³ñáõÝ, ·³ñݳ-
desert ~s very far ³Ý³å³ïÁ ß³ï Ñ»éáõ ¿ ݳÛÇÝ »Õ³Ý³Ï. í³Õ ßñç³Ý:
ï³ñ³ÍíáõÙ. The fire is ~ing Îñ³ÏÁ springy [΄spriŋi] a ³é³Ó·³Ï³Ý, ½ëå³Ý³-
ï³ñ³ÍíáõÙ ¿: ϳíáñ:
spread-eagle [spred΄i:gl] a ËëÏó. ÷ùáõÝ, sprinkle [΄spriŋkl] n Ù³Ýñ ϳÃÇÉÝ»ñ,
í»ñ³Ùμ³ñÓ. å³ñÍ»ÝÏáï, áõé³-ѳÛñ»- ÷ßñ³ÝùÝ»ñ, ÷áùñ ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ of
ݳë»ñ: rain ³ÝÓñ¨Ç ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ Ï³ÃÇÉ:
spread-eagleism [spred΄i:gliz(ə)m] n áõé³- sprinkle [΄spriŋkl] v ó³Ý»É, ëñëÏ»É. ~ the
ѳÛñ»Ý³ëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ: lawn Ù³ñ·³·»ïÇÝÁ ëñëÏ»É. ~ sand on the
spree [spri:] n áõñ³ËáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳ×áõÛù. ù»ý. roads ׳ݳå³ñÑÝ»ñÇ íñ³ ³í³½ ó³-
sprinkler 780 square

Ý»É/ÉóÝ»É. The ground is ~d with daisies Ýϳï»É, ·³ÕïÝÇ Ñ»ï¨»É. I spied him leav-
¶»ïÇÝÁ ͳÍÏí³Í ¿ Ù³ñ·³ñï³Í³- ing the house ºë Ýϳï»óÇ, û ÇÝãå»ë ݳ
ÕÇÏÝ»ñáí: ï³ÝÇó ¹áõñë »Ï³í. ~ on smb’s movements
sprinkler [΄spriŋklə] n óÝóáõÕ, Ïñ³ÏÙ³ñÇã. Ñ»ï¨»É ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ. ~ the enemy
ëñëÏÇã (·áñÍÇù). street ~ ÷áÕáóÝ»ñÁ çñáÕ Éñï»ë»É/Ñ»ï¨»É ÃßݳÙáõÝ:
³íïáÙ»ù»Ý³: spyglass [΄spaigla:s] n ËëÏó. ѻ鳹Çï³Ï:
sprint [sprint]1. n Ùñ½. ϳñ× ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý squabble [΄skwɒbl] 1. n í»×, Ëáëù³ÏéÇí.
Ùñó³í³½ù, ëåñÇÝï. 2. v Ù»Í ³ñ³·áõ- 2. v Ù³Ýñ μ³Ý»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ íÇ×»É/Ëáëù³-
ÃÛ³Ùμ ϳñ× ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ í³½»É: ÏéÇí ³Ý»É:
sprinter [΄sprintə] n ϳñ× ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý squabby [΄skwɒbi] a ϳñ׳ѳë³Ï, ϳñ×
Ùñó³í³½áÕ, ëåñÇÝï»ñ: áõ ѳëïÉÇÏ:
sprout [spraut] n μáÕμáç, ßÇí, ÁÝÓÛáõÕ. Brus- squad [skwɒd] n ½ÇÝ. ¹³ë³Ï, çáϳï.
sels ~ μñÛáõë»ÉÛ³Ý Ï³Õ³Ùμ: ËáõÙμ. police ~ áëïÇÏ³Ý³Ï³Ý çáϳï. the
sprout [spraut] v ÍÉ»É, μáÕμáç»É, ßÇí»ñ ï³É. flying ~ ûè³ß³ñÅ/ÃéáõóÇÏ çáϳï. drug ~
~ new shoots Ýáñ ßÛáõÕ»ñ ï³É. Mushrooms are ÃÙñ³ÙáÉáõÃÛ³Ý ¹»Ù å³Ûù³ñáÕ ËáõÙμ. awk-
~ing everywhere êÝÏ»ñÁ μáõëÝáõÙ »Ý ward ~ ËëÏó. Ýáñ³ÏáãÇÏÝ»ñÇ ¹³ë³Ï:
³Ù»Ýáõñ»ù: squadron [΄skwɒdrən] n ѻͻɳí³ßï,
spruce [spru:s] a ϳݳ¹³Ï³Ý »Õ¨ÝÇ. pine ¿ëϳ¹ñáÝ. Íáí. ݳí³ËáõÙμ, ¿ëϳ¹ñ³. ³í.
~ »Õ¨ÝÇ: ³ídzçáϳï, ¿ëϳ¹ñÇÉdz. ~ leader ³ídz-
spry [sprai] a ÅÇñ, ׳ñåÇÏ, ³ßËáõÛÅ. áõßÇÙ, çáϳïÇ Ññ³Ù³Ý³ï³ñ:
˻ɳÙÇï: squalid [΄skwɒlid] a Ï»Õïáï. ³Õù³ïÇÏ,
spunk [spΛŋk] n ËëÏó. ù³çáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ñÇáõ- ËÕ×áõÏ, áÕáñÙ»ÉÇ. live in ~ conditions
ÃÛáõÝ, »é³Ý¹. He has no ~ ܳ ÷³É³ë ¿: ËÕ×áõÏ/áÕáñÙ»ÉÇ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ ³åñ»É.
spunky [΄spΛŋki] a ù³ç, ³ñÇ. Ïñ³Ïáï; It’s a ~ business ÷Ëμ. ¸³ Ï»Õïáï ·áñÍ
spur [spə:] n ËóÝ, ÏáßϳËóÝ. set ~s to the ¿/½μ³ÕÙáõÝù ¿:
horse ÓÇáõÝ ËóݻÉ. win one’s ~s ³ãùÇ squall [skwɔ:l] n ×Çã, ×Õ×Õáó. ѳÝϳñ-
ÁÝÏÝ»É. a mountain ~ É»éݳ×ÛáõÕ. He needs Í³Ï³Ý ÷áÃáñÇÏ. There are ~s ahead ÷Ëμ.
the ~ ÷Ëμ. Üñ³Ý å»ïù ¿ μ½»É. on the ~ of Ø»½ ³Ý³ËáñÅáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ »Ý ëå³ëáõÙ.
the moment ñáå»Ç ³½¹»óáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï: Look out for ~s! ¼·áõß³ó»°ù íï³Ý·Çó:
spur [spə:] v ËóݻÉ, ¹ñ¹»É, ÙÕ»É. be ~red on squally [΄skwɔ:li] a åáéÃÏáõÝ. ëñÁÝóó.
¹ñ¹í³Í/ëïÇåí³Í ÉÇÝ»É: ËëÏó. ëå³éݳÉÇó, íï³Ý·³íáñ:
spurious [΄spjuəriəs] a Ï»ÕÍ, ßÇÝÍáõ. ~ rea- squalor [΄skwɒlə] n ³ÝËݳÙáõÃÛáõÝ. Ãßí³-
sons ëáõï å³ï׳éÝ»ñ. ~ writings Ï»ÕÍ éáõÃÛáõÝ:
ÃÕûñ: squander [΄skwɒndə] n í³ïÝáõÙ, ßé³ÛÉáõÙ:
spurn [spə:n] 1. n ³ñѳٳñѳÝù. 2. v squander [΄skwɒndə] v í³ïÝ»É, ßé³ÛÉ»É. ~
³ñѳٳñÑ»É, ³ñѳٳñѳÝùáí Ù»ñÅ»É: away ³ÝËݳ ͳËë»É. ~ one’s fortune
spurt [spə:t] n åáéÃÏáõÙ, áõÅ»Õ ßÇÃ/ó³Ûï. a í³ïÝ»É ³ÙμáÕç ϳñáÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ. ~ one’s en-
~ of flame/water Ïñ³ÏÇ μáóÏÉïáõÙ. çñÇ ergy ¿Ý»ñ·Ç³Ý í³ïÝ»É:
áõÅ»Õ ßÇÃ. put on a ~ åáÏáõ٠ϳï³ñ»É, square [skweə] n »ñÏñã. ù³é³ÏáõëÇ. ѳí³-
åáÏí»É. a ~ of energy áõÅ»ñÇ/¿Ý»ñ·Ç³ÛÇ ë³ñ³ÏáÕÙ áõÕÕ³ÝÏÛáõÝÇ. í³Ý¹³Ï. Ññ³-
Ñáñ¹áõÙ: å³ñ³Ï, ½μáë³åáõñ³Ï. black and white ~ s
spurt [spə:t] v ó³Ûï»É, ßÇà ³ñӳϻÉ. ~ from ë¨ ¨ ëåÇï³Ï í³Ý¹³ÏÝ»ñ/ù³é³ÏáõëÇÝ»ñ.
ųÛÃù»É: Ù³Ã. ÃíÇ ù³é³ÏáõëÇ. the ~ of 3 is 93-Ç
sputter [΄spΛtə] n ýßßáó, Ãßßáó. ÃùÇ ù³é³ÏáõëÇÝ 9 ¿. T ~ ·Í·ñ. ·Í³·ñ³Ï³Ý
ó³ÛïáõÏ: ù³ÝáÝ, ³ÝÏÛáõݳù³ÝáÝ. (áõÕÕ³ÝÏÛáõÝ) be
sputter [΄spΛtə] v ýßß³É, Ãßß³É: on the ~ áõÕÇÕ ³ÝÏÛ³Ý ï³Ï ÉÇÝ»É. out of the
spy [spai] n Éñï»ë, ·³ÕïÝÇ ·áñͳϳÉ. ~ ~ ߻ճÝÏÛ³Ý ï³Ï ÉÇÝ»É. (³½ÝÇí, ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ)
ring Éñï»ë³Ï³Ý ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝ: This deal is not on the ~ ê³ ³Ý³½ÝÇí
spy [spai] v Éñï»ë»É, Éñï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É. ·áñͳñù ¿. He is a ~ ËëÏó. ܳ ß³ï ÑÇÝ
square 781 squint

ѳ۳óùÝ»ñÇ ï»ñ Ù³ñ¹ ¿: squatter [΄skwɒtə] n ³åûñÇÝÇ ÑáճϳÉ.


square [skweə] a ù³é³ÏáõëÇ, áõÕճѳ۳ó. Ýáñ³μݳÏ. ·³ÕóϳÝ. åå½³Í/ÏϽ³Í
~ brackets ù³é³ÏáõëÇ ÷³Ï³·ÇÍ. ~ shoul- Ù³ñ¹:
ders ÃÇÏݳí»ï/ÃÇÏÝ»Õ ³ÝÓ. a ~ corner squawk [skwɔ:k] 1. n ëáõñ/ͳÏáÕ ×Çã.
áõÕÇÕ ³ÝÏÛáõÝ. a ~ root ù³é³ÏáõëÇ ³ñ- ·³Ý·³ï. 2. v ëáõñ ×Çã ³ñӳϻÉ. ÕÅųÉ:
Ù³ï. (³½ÝÇí, áõÕÕ³ÙÇï) a ~ deal ³½ÝÇí squeak [skwi:k]1. n Ííáó, ÍíÍíáó. ×ééáó,
·áñͳñù. (³é³ï, Ïáõßï) have a ~ meal ×éÇÝã 2. v ÍíÍí³É, ×é×é³É, ×éÝã³É:
Ïáõßï áõï»É, ³é³ï ë»Õ³Ý. Now we are all squeaker [΄skwi:kə] n Ó³·, ×áõï. Ù³ïÝÇã,
~ ÷Ëμ. ÐÇÙ³ Ù»Ýù ùíÇï »Ýù. get ~ with ¹³í³×³Ý:
÷Ëμ. ѳßÇíÝ»ñÁ Ù³ùñ»É, íñ»Å ÉáõÍ»É. ~ squeaky [΄skwi:ki] a ÍíÍí³Ý, ×é×é³Ý:
dance ÅáÕáíñ¹³Ï³Ý å³ñ: squeal [skwi:l] n ×Õ³íáó. ÕÅÅáó:
square [skweə] adv áõÕÇÕ, ³½Ýíáñ»Ý look ~ squeal [skwi:l] v ×ã³É, ÕÅųÉ. ËëÏó. Ù³ï-
in the face áõÕÇÕ ¹»ÙùÇÝ Ý³Û»É. The house Ý»É. ·³ÕïÝÇùÁ ѳÛïÝ»É. I’ll make him ~ ! ºë
stands ~ with the theatre îáõÝÁ áõÕÇÕ ³ÝÏÛ³Ý Ýñ³Ý óáõÛó Ïï³Ù£
ï³Ï ¿ óïñáÝÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ£ squeamish [΄skwi:mi∫] a μͳËݹÇñ, ùÙ³-
square [skweə] v Ù³Ã. ù³é³ÏáõëÇ ³ëïÇ- ׳߳Ï, ãٳѳí³Ý. feel ~ ëñï˳éÝáõÃÛáõÝ
×³Ý μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É, ù³é³ÏáõëÇ ¹³ñÓÝ»É. ½·³É. Don’t be so ~ ØÇ ÉÇÝÇ ³Û¹å»ë
ѳßí»Ñ³ñ¹³ñ ï»ëÝ»É. ËëÏó. ϳ߳é»É. ~ ãٳѳí³Ý:
one’s accounts ѳßÇíÝ»ñÁ ϳñ·Ç μ»ñ»É/ squeeze [skwi:z] n ë»ÕÙáõÙ, ×½ÙáõÙ. Ù½»Éáí
Ù³ùñ»É. ~ the porter ¹éݳå³ÑÇÝ Ï³ß³é»É. ù³Ù»ÉÁ. ËëÏó. Ïáñ½áõÙ, ßáñÃáõÙ. ß³Ýï³Å.
That doesn’t ~ with the facts ¸³ ÷³ëï»ñÇÝ give the hand a ~ Ó»éùÁ ë»ÕÙ»É. a ~ of lemon
ãÇ Ñ³Ù³å³ï³ë˳ÝáõÙ. (ѳٳӳÛÝí»É, ù³Ù³Í ÏÇïñáÝ/ÉÇÙáÝ. credit ~ í³ñÏÇ
ѳßïí»É) I can’t ~ that with â»Ù ϳñáÕ ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáõÙ. (ÑñÙßïáó) a tight ~ ß³ï
ѳßïí»É ³Û¹ ÙïùÇ Ñ»ï: Ý»Õí³Íù. in a tight ~ ͳÝñ ¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç:
square-built [‚skweə΄bilt] a ÃÇÏݳí»ï, squeeze [skwi:z] v ë»ÕÙ»É, ×½Ù»É. Ù½»É, ù³-
ÃÇÏÝ»Õ, ³Ùñ³Ï³½Ù: Ù»É. ~ a sponge ëåáõÝ·Á ù³Ù»É. ~ cream out
square-toes [΄skweətəuz] n ËëÏó. ÑÇÝ Ñ³- of a tube ùëáõÏÁ/Ïñ»ÙÁ ËáÕáí³ÏÇó ¹áõñë
Û³óùÝ»ñÇ ï»ñ Ù³ñ¹. ï³é³Ï»ñ, Ó¨³- ×½Ù»É. (Ïáñ½»É, ßáñûÉ). ~ money ÷áÕ ¹áõñë
å³ßï Ù³ñ¹: Ïáñ½»É. (ËóÏ»É, ËáûÉ) I ~d everything in(to)
squash [skwɒ∫] n ÑñÙßïáó, ÑñÑñáó. ³ÙμáË. my bag ²Ù»Ý ÇÝã ËáûóÇ å³Ûáõë³ÏÇë Ù»ç.
a ~ in the bus ÑñÙßïáó ³íïáμáõëáõÙ. a ~ at We can ~ you into the car Ø»Ýù ϳñáÕ »Ýù
the box-office ³ÙμáË ¹ñ³Ù³ñÏÕÇ Ùáï. ù»½ Ù»ù»Ý³ÛÇ Ù»ç ËóÏ»É. ~ under the fence
(ËÙÇãù, Ùñ·³ÑÛáõÃ) lemon ~ ÉÇÙáÝÇ Ùñ·³- ó³Ýϳå³ïÇ ï³Ïáí ³ÝóÝ»É. I could hardly
ÑÛáõÃ. ÉÇÙáݳ¹£ ~ past г½Çí ϳñáÕ³ó³ ËóÏí»Éáí ³Ýó-
squash [skwɒ∫] v ïñáñ»É, ×½Ù»É. ËéÝí»É. Ý»É:
The child got ~ed ºñ»Ë³ÛÇÝ ×ËÉ»óÇÝ. The squeezer [΄skwi:zə] n ÑÛáõóù³ÙÇã£
parcel got ~ed ö³Ã»ÃÁ ×ËÉí»ó. feel ~ed squelch [skwelt∫] n ãÉÙ÷áó, çñÇÏ ó»Ë. ~
÷Ëμ. Çñ»Ý ëïáñ³ó³Í ½·³É. (ËáûÉ, through the mud ó»ËÇ ÙÇçáí ãÉÙ÷³óÝ»Éáí
ËóÏ»É) ~ smth into a case ׳ÙåñáõÏÇ Ù»ç ³ÝóÝ»É:
ÇÝã-áñ μ³Ý ËóÏ»É. We can ~ in one more ØÇ squib [skwib] n ã³ñ, ëñ³ÙÇï ¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ.
Ñá·áõ ¿É ϳñáÕ »Ýù ËóÏ»É: ÏÍáõ ͳÕñ:
squashy [΄skwɒ∫i] a ÷³÷áõÏ, Ùë³ÉÇ (ÙÇñ·). squiffy [΄skwifi] a ËëÏó. ÙÇ ùÇã ËÙ³Í, ϳ-
׳Ñ×áï ÑáÕ, ׳Ñ×áõï: ï³ñÁ ï³ù. ÑÙÏñ·. Ëï³óÝ»É, ï»Õ³μ³ß-
squat [skwɒt] n ϳñ׳ѳë³Ï, ѳëï³Ù³ñ- Ë»É:
ÙÇÝ£ squint [skwint] n ßÉÇÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ßɹÇÏáõÃÛáõÝ.
squat [skwɒt] v åå½»É, åå½³Í Ýëï»É. ·³Õï³·áÕÇ ß»Õ Ñ³Û³óù. have a ~
ÏÍÏí»É, Ïáõã ·³É. ³åûñÇÝÇ ·ñ³í»É áõñÇßÇ ßÉáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ, ßɹÇÏ ÉÇÝ»É. have a ~ at
ïáõÝÁ (ÑáÕÁ). ~ the empty house ¹³ï³ñÏ the paper ·³Õï³·áÕÇ ß»Õ Ñ³Û³óù Ý»ï»É
ß»ÝùÁ ³Ýûñ»Ý μݳϻóÝ»É: ÃÕÃÇÝ. Let’s have a ~ ²å³ ݳۻÝù:
squint-eyed 782 stagger

squint-eyed [‚skwint΄aid] a ßÇÉ, ßɹÇÏ. ¹³ñë»É. ~ hay ËáïÁ ¹Ç½»É:


ã³ñ³·áõß³Ï, ã³ñ: stadium [΄steidiəm] n Ù³ñ½³¹³ßï, ëï³-
squire [΄skwaiə] n ëÏí³Ûñ, »ñÇï³ë³ñ¹ ¹ÇáÝ:
³½Ýí³Ï³Ý: staff I [sta:f] n ѳëïÇù, ³ÝÓݳϳ½Ù, Ïá-
squirm [skwə:m] v ·³É³ñí»É, ÏÍÏí»É. ~ with É»ÏïÇí. the office ~ ÑÇÙݳñÏÇ ³ÝÓ-
shame ³ÙáÃÇó ÏÍÏí»É: ݳϳ½ÙÁ. be on the ~ ѳëïÇùáí ³ß˳ï»É.
squirrel [΄skwirəl] n, a ëÏÛáõé, ëÏÛáõéÇ: the teaching/editorial ~ áõëáõóÇãÝ»ñÇ ÏáÉ»Ï-
squirt [skwə:t] n ßÇÃ, ó³Ûï. ëñëÏÇã, óÝóáõÕ: ïÇí. ËÙμ³·ñ³Ï³Ý ÏáÉ»·Ç³. key ~
squirt [skwə:t] v ßÇà ³ñӳϻÉ, ó³Ûï»óÝ»É. ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ³ÝÓݳϳ½Ù. They keep a ~ of
çáõñ ß³Õ ï³É. He ~ed water at me æáõñ ß³Õ three Üñ³Ýó ³ÝÓݳϳ½ÙÁ »ñ»ù Ñá·áõó ¿
ïí»ó íñ³ë. The juice ~ed out of the tin ÐÛáõÃÁ μ³Õϳó³Í. a ~ meeting ³ß˳ï³Ï³½ÙÇ
ÃÇûճïáõ÷Çó ¹áõñë ó³Ûï»ó: ÅáÕáí. ~ officer ßï³μÇ ëå³:
stab [stæb] n ѳñí³Í (¹³ßáõÛÝÇ, ¹³Ý³ÏÇ ¨ staff II [sta:f] n óáõå, ·³í³½³Ý. ٳѳÏ.
³ÛÉÝ) a ~ in the back ¹³Ý³ÏÇ Ñ³ñí³Í ¹ñáß³/ϳ/ÓáÕ. ensign ~ ݳí³Ë»ÉÇ ¹ñá-
Ù»çùÇÝ. ÷Ëμ. ¹³í³×³Ý³Ï³Ý ѳñí³Í ß³ÓáÕ:
ÃÇÏáõÝùÇó. a ~ of conscious ËÕ×Ç Ïßï³Ù- staff [sta:f] v ѳëïÇùÝ»ñ ѳٳÉñ»É,
μ³Ýù. (ËëÏó. ÷áñÓ) have a ~ at smth áñ¨¿ ³ÝÓݳϳ½Ùáí ³å³Ñáí»É. ~ the new college
μ³ÝÇ ÷áñÓ Ï³ï³ñ»É. She’ll have a ~ at any- Ýáñ øáÉ»çÁ ³ÝÓݳϳ½Ùáí ³å³Ñáí»É:
thing ܳ å³ïñ³ëï ¿ ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã ÷áñÓ»É: stag [stæg]1. n ³ñáõ »Õç»ñáõ. 2. a ³Ùáõ-
stab [stæb] v ѳñí³Í ѳëóÝ»É, íÇñ³íáñ»É. ñÇÝ»ñÇ, ïÕ³Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó. a ~ party ÙdzÛÝ
ëå³Ý»É. ~ in the leg áïùÇÝ ¹³Ý³Ïáí ïÕ³Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó »ñ»ÏáõÛà (Ù³ÉãÇßÝÇÏ)£
ѳñí³Í»É. ~ in the heart ¹³Ý³ÏÁ ëñïÇÝ stage I [steidз] n μ»Ù, μ»Ù³Ñ³ñóÏ. be on the
ÙË»É: ~ ¹»ñ³ë³Ý(áõÑÇ) ÉÇÝ»É. go on the ~ ¹»-
stability [stə΄biləti] n ϳÛáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ñ³ë³Ý(áõÑÇ) ¹³éݳÉ. quit the ~ μ»ÙÁ ÃáÕ-
ѳëï³ïáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ: Ý»É. ~ direction/door/fright μ»Ù³Ï³Ý é»Ù³ñÏ,
stabilization [‚steibəlai΄zei∫n] n ϳÛáõÝáõ- ͳé³ÛáÕ³Ï³Ý Ùáõïù. í³Ë μ»ÙÇ Ñ³Ý¹»å
ÃÛáõÝ: (μ»Ù³í³ËáõÃÛáõÝ) ~ hand μ»ÙÇ μ³Ýíáñ. ~
stabilize [΄steibəlaiz] v ϳÛáõݳóÝ»É: manager é»ÅÇëáñ. ~ whisper ÷Ëμ. μ³ñÓñ
stabilizer [΄steibəlaizə] n ϳÛáõݳóáõóÇã, ßßáõÏ. (ѻݳѳñóÏ, åɳïýáñÙ) landing ~
ëï³μÇÉǽ³ïáñ: ݳí³Ù³ïáõÛó:
stable [΄steibl] a ϳÛáõÝ, ѳëï³ïáõÝ. a ~ stage II [steidз] n ÷áõÉ, ÁÝóó³ßñç³Ý,
currancy ϳÛáõÝ ³ñÅáõÛÃ. be not very ~ ëﳹdz. initial/final ~ ݳËݳϳÝ/í»ñçÇÝ
³ÝϳÛáõÝ Ñá·»íÇ×³Ï áõݻݳÉ. a ~ marriage ÷áõÉ. ~ of development ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý ÷áõÉ.
ϳÛáõÝ ³ÙáõëÝáõÃÛáõÝ: pilot ~ ÷áñÓÝ³Ï³Ý ÷áõÉ. travel by easy ~s
stable [΄steibl] n ³Ëáé. He keeps a large ~ ܳ ϳñ× Ñ³ïí³ÍÝ»ñáí ׳Ù÷áñ¹»É:
Ù»Í ³Ëáé áõÝÇ: stage [steidз] v μ»Ù³¹ñ»É. μ»Ù³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É.
stable-boy [΄steiblbɔi] n Ódzå³Ý: Ï»ÕÍ»É, ë³ñù»É. óïñáÝ Ë³Õ³É. ~ a
stack [stæk] n ·Õï. ¹»½, ß»Õç. ·ñ³¹. ·ñ³- demonstration óáõÛó ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñå»É:
å³Ñáó. ÍËÝ»ÉáõÛ½. a ~ of straw/logs ÍÕáïÇ stage coach [΄steidзkəut∫] n ÷áëï³Ï³éù,
¹»½, ÷³ÛïÇ ¹³ñ³ÏáõÛï. (ÏáõÛï, Ïáõï³Ï) a ¹ÇÉÇųÝë:
~ of books/plates ·ñù»ñÇ/³÷ë»Ý»ñÇ ÏáõÛï. stage craft [΄steidзkra:ft] n μ»Ù³Ï³Ý
~s of money/time ÷Ëμ., ËëÏó. ÷áÕÇ Ù»Í ³ñí»ëï:
·áõÙ³ñ. ÑëÏ³Û³Ï³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï. ÑÙÏñ·. stagger [΄stægə] n »ñ»ñáõÙ, ûñáñáõÙ£
ëï»Ï, ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛ³Ý ïÇñáõÛÃ. ~ pointer stagger [΄stægə] v »ñ»ñ³É, ûñáñí»É. He ~ed
ëï»ÏÇ ·³·³ÃÇ óáõóÇã. ~ underflow and fell ܳ »ñ»ñ³ó ¨ í³Ûñ ÁÝϳí. ~ under
¹³ï³ñÏ óáõóÇãáí ëï»ÏÇÝ ¹ÇÙ»ÉÁ. ~ing of the load ͳÝñáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï »ñ»ñ³É. (óÝóí»É,
parameters å³ñ³Ù»ïñ»ñÇ ÙïóÝ»ÉÁ ëï»Ï: óÝó»É) I was ~ed to hear ºë óÝóí»óÇ
stack [stæk] v ¹Ç½»É, ¹³ñë»É, Ïáõï³Ï»É. ~ Éë³ÍÇóë. (ï»Õ³ß³ñÅ»É) ~ working hours
books/wood ·ñù»ñÁ/÷³ÛïÁ ϳÝáݳíáñ ³ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ Å³Ù»ñÁ ï»Õ³ß³ñÅ»É:
staggering 783 stamp

staggering [΄stægəriŋ] a ÷Ëμ. óÝóáÕ, money on a certain horse áñáß³ÏÇ ÓÇáõ íñ³
³åß»óáõóÇã: Ù»Í Ë³Õ³·áõÙ³ñ ¹Ý»É. ~ a plant μáõÛëÇÝ
staging [΄steidзiŋ] n μ»Ù³¹ñáõÙ: Ý»óáõÏ ¹Ý»É. ~ a claim ÷Ëμ. Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñ
stagnant [΄stægnənt] a ϳݷݳÍ, É׳ó³Í. ~ Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É:
water É׳ó³Í çáõñ. ~ economy É׳ó³Í stakeholder [΄steikhəuldə] n ѳٳï»Õ
ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ. Production/Trade is ~ ²ñï³¹- ·áñÍÇ Ï³½Ù³Ï»ñåÇã. ߳ѳ·ñ·Çé ÏáÕÙ:
ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ/²é¨ïáõñÁ É׳ó³Í ¿/ϳݷ ¿ stalactite [΄stæləktait] n ëï³É³ÏïÇï:
³é»É: stalagmite [΄stæləgmait] n ëï³É³·ÙÇï:
stagnate [stæg΄neit] v É׳ݳÉ, ³Ý·áñÍáõ- stale [steil] a ãáñ, Ñݳó³Í, óñÙáõÃÛáõÝÁ
ÃÛáõÝÇó ÷ã³Ý³É. ~ in te job »ñϳñ ÙݳÉ/ Ïáñóñ³Í. ~ bread ÑÇÝ Ñ³ó. ~ air ͳÝñ û¹. ~
ï¨»É å³ßïáÝáõÙ/³ß˳ï³ÝùáõÙ: news Ñݳó³Í ÝáñáõÃÛáõÝ/Éáõñ. ~ joke
stagy [΄steidзi] a ßÇÝÍáõ, óï»ñ³Ï³Ý: Ù³ßí³Í/³Ýѳ٠ϳï³Ï. He is growing ~
staid [steid] a Éáõñç, ͳÝñ³μ³ñá, ѳí³ë³- Üñ³ ˳ÕÁ (Ýí³·Á ¨ ³ÛÉÝ) Ïáñóñ»É ¿ Çñ
ñ³Ïßéí³Í: óñÙáõÃÛáõÝÁ:
stain [stein] n μÇÍ. ÷Ëμ., ³ñ³ï. Ý»ñÏ, Ý»ñ- stalemate [΄steilmeit] n ßËÙ. å³ï, áã-áùÇ.
ϳÝÛáõÃ. grease ~ ÛáõÕáï μÇÍ. remove a ~ ÷Ëμ. ÷³ÏáõÕÇ. reach a ~ ÷³ÏáõÕáõ ³é³ç
μÇÍÁ Ñ»é³óÝ»É. ~ remover μͳѳÝ/Ï»Õï³- ϳݷݻÉ. The ~ has been broken »ÉùÁ ÷³-
Ñ³Ý ÙÇçáó£ ÏáõÕáõó ·ïÝí»É ¿:
stain [stein] v μÍáï»É, Ï»Õïáï»É. ÷Ëμ. stalk [stɔ:k] n óáÕáõÝ, ßÇí:
ëïí»ñ ·ó»É. ³Ý³ñ·»É, ˳Ûï³é³Ï»É. The stalk [stɔ:k] v ·³Õï³·áÕÇ Ùáï»Ý³É.
wine has ~ed the cloth ¶ÇÝÇÝ Ï»Õïáï»ó ѻ層É. He ~ed the girl ܳ ·³Õï³·áÕÇ
ë÷éáóÁ. ~ floors/wood ѳï³ÏÁ/÷³ÛïÁ Ùáï»ó³í ³ÕçϳÝ. The Indians ~ed their
Ý»ñÏ»É, ÍÍ»óÝ»É, ѳ·»óÝ»É: enemy ÐݹÇÏÝ»ñÁ Ñ»ï³Ùáõï »Õ³Ý Çñ»Ýó
stained [steind] a Ý»ñÏáï³Í, Ýϳñ³Í. ~ ÃßݳÙáõÝ:
glass ³å³Ï»Ýϳñ. a ~ window ³å³Ï»- stall [stɔ:l] n Ùëáõñ, Ùëáõñù. ³Ëáé, ·áÙ.
Ýϳñáí å³ïáõѳÝ: Ïñå³Ï, ï³Õ³í³ñ. a book ~ ·ñùÇ ï³Õ³-
stainless [΄steinləs] a ³ÝμÇÍ, Ù³ùáõñ. í³ñ. óïñ. (å³ñï»ñ) ~s ³Ãáé/μ³½Ï³Ãáé
ãųݷáïíáÕ. ~ steel ãųݷáïíáÕ åáÕ- óïñáÝÇ å³ñï»ñáõÙ:
å³ï: stallion [΄stæljən] n Ñáí³ï³Ï, áñÓ ÓÇ:
stair [steə] n ³ëïÇ׳Ý, ë³Ý¹áõÕù³μ³ÅÇÝ stalwart [΄stɔ:lwət] n ³éáÕç/³Ùñ³Ï³½Ù
(ݳ¨ flight of ~s) ~s ³ëïÇ׳ÝÝ»ñ, ë³Ý- Ù³ñ¹. (ѳí³ï³ñÇÙ, ³ÝÝÏáõÝ) a ~ Tory sup-
¹áõÕù. run up/down the ~s ³ëïÇ׳ÝÝ»ñáí porter ÂáñÇÝ»ñÇ ³ÝÝÏáõÝ/ѳí³ï³ñÇÙ
í»ñ/í³ñ í³½»É. winding ~s åïáõï³Ï³íáñ ³ç³ÏóáÕ:
ë³Ý¹áõÕù: stamina [΄stæminə] n Ï»ÝëáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ,
staircase [΄steəkeis] n (stairway) ë³Ý¹áõÕù. ïáÏáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ, áõÅ. He has no ~ îáÏáõÝ ã¿.
ë³Ý¹Õ³í³Ý¹³Ï. corkscrew/spiral ~ åïáõ- intellectual ~ ѳÙμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
ï³Ï³Ó¨ ë³Ý¹áõÕù. moving ~ ß³ñų- stammer [΄stæmə] n ϳϳ½áõÙ, ÏÙÏÙáó.
ë³Ý¹áõÕù: speak with ~ ϳϳ½»É. ϳϳ½»Éáí Ëáë»É:
stake I [steik] 1. n ëÛáõÝ, óÇó. at the ~ stammer [΄stæmə] v ϳϳ½»É, ÏÙÏÙ³É. ~
³Ý³ñ·³ÝùÇ ëÛáõÝÇÝ ·³Ùí³Í. 2. v óó»ñáí out an apology ÏÙÏÙ³Éáí Ý»ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ
³Ùñ³óÝ»É/Ýß»É: Ëݹñ»É:
stake II [steik] n ˳ճ·áõÙ³ñ (ÃÕÃË., stmmerer [΄stæmərə] n ϳϳ½, ϳϳ½áÕ
Ódzñß.). Ý»ñ¹ñí³Í ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÇ ã³÷Á. Ù³ñ¹:
high/low ~s Ù»Í/÷áùñ ˳ճ·áõÙ³ñ. be at ~ stamp I [stæmp] n ¹á÷ÛáõÝ. Ã÷Ã÷áó:
μ³Ëï³Ë³ÕÇ ¹ñí³Í ÉÇÝ»É, íï³Ý·Ç ï³Ï stamp II [stæmp] n ¹ñáßÙ, ÏÝÇù, ϳå³ñ³-
ÉÇÝ»É. have a ~ in the company ÁÝÏ»ñáõ- ÏÝÇù. a metal/wooden/rubber ~ Ù»ï³Õ»/
ÃÛáõÝáõÙ ÷³Û/Ù³ë áõݻݳÉ: ÷³Ûï»/é»ïÇÝ» ÏÝÇù. postage ~ ݳٳϳ-
stake [steik] v ˳ճ·áõÙ³ñ ¹Ý»É. ÷Ëμ. ÝÇß. trading ~ ³åñ³Ýù³ÝÇß, Ù³ÏÝÇß.
μ³Ëï³Ë³ÕÇ ¹Ý»É, íï³Ý·Ç »ÝóñÏ»É. ~ (un)used ~s (ã)û·ï³·áñÍí³Í/Ù³ñ³Í/ãÙ³-
stamp I 784 standard

ñ³Í/ݳٳϳÝÇßÝ»ñ. ~ album ݳٳϳÝÇß- ëÇñ»É, ͳËë»ñÁ Çñ íñ³ í»ñóÝ»É. He’ll ~ us


Ý»ñÇ ³ÉμáÙ, Ïɳë»ñ. ~ collection ݳٳϳ- lunch ܳ Ù»½ ׳ßáí ÏÑÛáõñ³ëÇñÇ. ~ trial
ÝÇßÝ»ñÇ Ñ³í³ù³Íáõ. ~ collector ¹ñáßÙ³- ¹³ï³ñ³ÝÇ ³é³ç ϳݷݻÉ. ~ for å³ßïá-
ÝÇßÝ»ñ ѳí³ùáÕ, ýÇɳï»ÉÇëï. ~ duty ÝÇ Ã»ÏݳÍáõ ÉÇÝ»É. ~ for presidency ݳ-
¹ñáßÙ³ïáõñù. (ÏÝÇù, Ñ»ïù) the ~ of genius ˳·³ÑÇ å³ßïáÝÇ Ã»ÏݳÍáõ ÉÇÝ»É. ~ wait-
ѳÝ׳ñÇ ÏÝÇù. a man of his ~ ³Û¹ ing Ï³Ý·Ý³Í ëå³ë»É. ~ on one’s own feet
á×Ç/ï»ë³ÏÇ Ù³ñ¹. quality ~ áñ³ÏÇ Ýß³Ý: ÷Ëμ. ÇÝùÝáõñáõÛÝ ÉÇÝ»É. ~ up í»ñ ϻݳÉ. the
stamp I [stæmp] v ¹á÷»É, ïñáñ»É. ~ one’s hair ~ on end Ù³½»ñÁ μǽ-μǽ ϳݷݻÉ. ~ in
foot with rage áïùÁ ½³ÛñáõÛÃáí ·»ïÝáí one’s way ÷Ëμ. Ù»ÏÇ ×³Ý³å³ñÑÇÝ Ï³Ý·-
ï³É. ~ a trail in the snow ÓÛ³Ý ÙÇçáí Ý»É. How do things ~ ? ÆÝãå»±ë »Ý ·áñÍ»ñÁ.
(ïñáñ»Éáí) ³ñ³Ñ»ï ³ÝóϳóÝ»É. ~ out of (ã÷áËí»É, áõÅÇ Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É) The agreement ~s
the room ¹á÷»Éáí ë»ÝÛ³ÏÇó ¹áõñë í³½»É. ~ ä³Ûٳݳ·ÇñÁ áõÅÇ Ù»ç ¿. Leave the text as
out the cigarette Í˳ËáïÁ ïñáñ»É. ~ out re- it ~s î»ùëïÁ ã÷áË»ë. Let matters ~ ÂáÕ
sistance ¹ÇÙ³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ×Ýß»É: ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã Ùݳ ÝáõÛÝÁ. ~ to reason ÇÝùÝÇÝ
stamp II [stæmp] v ÏÝù»É, ¹ñáßÙ»É. ~ the ѳëϳݳÉÇ ¿. ~ about/around ³Ý·áñÍ Ï³Ý·-
documents ÷³ëï³ÃÕûñÁ ÏÝù»É. ~ a letter Ý»É. ~ back h»ï ϳݷݻÉ/·Ý³É. ~ aside ÙÇ
ݳٳÏÇÝ ¹ñáßÙ³ÝÇß ÷³ÏóÝ»É. ~ on one’s ÏáÕÙ ù³ßí»É. ~ by û·Ý»É, å³ßïå³Ý»É. ѳ-
memory ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ¹ñáßÙí»É: í³ï³ñÇÙ ÙݳÉ. ~ by one’s principles
stamp III [stæmp] v áïݳÏáË ³Ý»É, áïݳ- ëϽμáõÝùÝ»ñÇÝ Ñ³í³ï³ñÇÙ ÙݳÉ. ~ down
ï³Ï ï³É, ç³ñ¹»É. ~ out a riot ³åëï³Ù- ½Çç»É. ~ off Çñ»Ý Ñ»éáõ å³Ñ»É. Íáí. ݳíÁ
μáõÃÛáõÝÁ ×Ýß»É: Íáí ¹áõñë ·³É/ݳí³Ñ³Ý·ëïÇó Ñ»é³Ý³É.
stampede [stæm΄pi:d]1. n Ëáõ׳å³Ñ³ñ The ships were ~ing off ܳí»ñÁ Ñ»é³ÝáõÙ
÷³Ëáõëï. 2, v Ëáõ׳å³Ñ³ñ í³½»É/ ¿ÇÝ. ~ out ³é³ÝÓݳݳÉ, ³ãùÇ ÁÝÏÝ»É. He
÷³Ëã»É. The horses ~d ÒÇ»ñÁ ë³ÝÓ³½»ñÍ ~s out from the rest of the students ܳ
ëɳó³Ý: ³é³ÝÓݳÝáõÙ/ï³ñμ»ñíáõÙ ¿ ÙÛáõë áõë³-
stance [stæns] n Ùñ½. »ÉÙ³Ý ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. serv- ÝáÕÝ»ñÇó. ~ up ϳݷݻÉ, í»ñ ϻݳÉ.
ing ~ Ùñ½. »ÉÙ³Ý ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ëϽμݳѳñí³Í å³ßïå³Ý»É. She stood up for her daughter
ϳï³ñ»ÉÇë: ܳ Çñ ³ÕçÏ³Ý å³ßïå³Ý»ó. ~ upon
stand [stænd] n ï»Õ. ϳݷݳÏ. å³ïí³Ý- åݹ»É, ѳٳé»É:
¹³Ý. ³ÙμÇáÝ. Ùñ½. ïñÇμáõݳ. ϳËÇã standalone [΄stænd ΄ələun] n ÑÙÏñ·. Ù»Ïáõ-
(ѳ·áõëïÇ). ýáïá ϳݷݳÏ, ³Ùñ³Ï³- ë³óáõÙ:
ɳÝ. »ñÅß. ·ñ³Ï³É, Ýáï³Ï³É. óï»- standard [΄stændəd] n ã³÷ûñÇݳÏ, ã³÷³-
ñ³Ï³Ý Ïñå³Ï. óáõó³Ñ³Ý¹»ë³ÛÇÝ. ÝÙáõß, ã³÷³ÝÇß. ÝáñÙ, ϳÝáÝ. the ~ of liv-
ëï»Ý¹, óáõó³¹ñ³÷»ÕÏ. umbrella ~ ing Ï»Ýë³Ù³Ï³ñ¹³Ï. ~s of education Ïñó-
³ÝÓñ¨³ÝáóÇ Ï³Ý·Ý³Ï. take one’s ~ ï»Õ Ï³Ý Ù³Ï³ñ¹³Ï. gold ~ ïÝï. áëÏáõ ã³÷û-
·ñ³í»É, ï»Õ³íáñí»É. witness ~ íϳÛÇ ï»Õ. ñÇݳÏ/ã³÷³ÝÇß. live up to certain ~s μ³ñÓ-
(¹Çñù, ¹ÇñùáñáßáõÙ) take a ~ on a point ñ³Ý³É áñáß³ÏÇ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÇ. ~ of behaviour
áñáß³ÏÇ ¹Çñù ·ñ³í»É (áñ¨¿ ѳñóÇ í³ñùÇ ÝáñÙ/ϳÝáÝ. entry ~s ÁݹáõÝ»Éáõ-
ϳå³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ùμ), áñ¨¿ ï»ë³Ï»ï å³ßï- ÃÛ³Ý ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»ñ double ~ »ñϳÏÇ ã³÷³-
å³Ý»É. é½Ù. ¹ÇÙ³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ make a ~ ÝÇß. moral ~s μ³ñáÛ³Ï³Ý ëϽμáõÝùÝ»ñ. a
¹ÇÙ³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ óáõÛó ï³É. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ alone high/low ~ μ³ñÓñ/ó³Íñ ٳϳñ¹³Ï/áñ³Ï.
ÇÝùݳμ³í³ñ³ñ Íñ³·Çñ. ~ system ÇÝù- (¹ñáß) the ~ of revolt ³åëï³ÙμáõÃÛ³Ý
ݳμ³í³ñ³ñ ³íïáÝá٠ѳٳϳñ·: ¹ñáßÁ:
stand [stænd] v ϳݷݻÉ, ϳݷ ³éÝ»É. S~ standard [΄stændəd] a ïÇå³Ï³Ý, ûñÇ-
and deliver ! γݷÝÇ°ñ, Ó»éù»ñ¹ í»°ñ. ~ the ݳϻÉÇ. ϳÛáõÝ, ϳݷáõÝ. ~ weight and
pot on the table Ï×áõ×Á ë»Õ³ÝÇÝ ¹Ý»É. ~ measures ù³ßÇ ¨ »ñϳñáõÃÛ³Ý ã³÷³ÝÇßÝ»-
against ѻݻÉ. ~ the picture against the wall ñÁ (ëï³Ý¹³ñï) the ~ price Ý߳ݳÏí³Í
ÝϳñÁ å³ïÇÝ Ñ»Ý»É. (¹ÇٳݳÉ, ï³Ý»É) I ·ÇÝÁ. a ~ model ïÇå³ÛÇÝ ûñÇݳÏ. ~ English
can’t ~ heat î³Ý»É ã»Ù ϳñáÕ ßá·Á. ÑÛáõñ³- ·ñ³Ï³Ý/ÝáñÙ³ïÇí ³Ý·É»ñ»Ý. ~ pronunci-
standard-bearer 785 stare

ation ÁݹáõÝí³Í ³ñï³ë³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. It’s the áïùÇ íñ³ Ï³Ý·Ý³Í áõï»É:


practice to ...ÀݹáõÝí³Í ¿, áñ... ~ work of ref- stannic [΄stænik] a ³Ý³·», ³Ý³·Ç:
erence Ñ»ÕÇݳϳíáñ ï»Õ»Ï³·Çñù. ~ lamp stanza [΄stænzə] n μÝëï. ïáõÝ:
ϳݷáõÝ ¿É»Ïïñ³É³Ùå. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ deviation staple I [΄steipl] n ³Ùñ³Ï, åݹÇã. Ï»é, »ñ-
ÙÇçÇÝ ù³é³Ïáõë³ÛÇÝ ß»ÕáõÙ. ~ input ëï³- ϳû ϳå:
¹³ñï Ùáõïù. ~ output ëï³Ý¹³ñ¹ »Éù. ~ staple II [΄steipl] n ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ³ñï³¹ñ³Ýù.
software ëï³Ý¹³ñï Íñ³·ñ³ÛÇÝ ³å³- ³é¨ïñÇ ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ³é³ñϳ. ·É˳íáñ/
ÑáíáõÙ. ~ subroutine ëï³Ý¹³ñï »Ýó- ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ï³ññ. the ~ of conversation
Íñ³·Çñ: Ëáë³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ·É˳íáñ ÝÛáõÃÁ:
standard-bearer [΄stændəd‚beərə] n ¹ñá- staple [΄steipl] a ·É˳íáñ, ÑÇÙݳϳÝ, ϳ-
߳ϳÏÇñ: ñ¨áñ. ~ products ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÁ.
standardize [΄stændədaiz] v ÙÇûñÇݳϳó- ~ food ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ëÝݹ³Ùûñù. Rice is their
Ý»É, ëï³Ý¹³ñï³óÝ»É: ~ diet ´ñÇÝÓÁ Ýñ³Ýó ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý ëÝáõÝ¹Ý ¿:
stand-by [΄stændbai] n ç»ñÙ å³ßïå³Ý, staple [΄steipl] v ³Ùñ³óÝ»É, åݹ³óÝ»É. ~ pa-
ѻݳñ³Ý, Ý»óáõÏ. The freezer is a great ~ pers together ÃÕûñÝ ³Ùñ³óÝ»É:
ê³éݳñ³ÝÁ ß³ï Ù»Í Ý»óáõÏ/û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ¿: star [sta:]1. n ³ëïÕμ. ³ëïÕ. Ñéã³Ï³-
standee [stæn΄di:] n Ï³Ý·Ý³Í áõÕ¨áñ íáñ/Ý߳ݳíáñ ³ÝÓ. bright/shooting, falling ~
/ѳݹÇë³ï»ë: å³Ûͳé/ ÁÝÏÝáÕ ³ëïÕ, ³ëáõå. The ~ twin-
stand-in [΄stændin] n ÷á˳ñÇÝáÕ. óïñ., kles/shines/falls ²ëïÕÁ ³éϳÛÍáõÙ ¿/÷³ÛÉáõÙ
(ÏÇÝá)¹»ñ³ë³ÝÇÝ ÷á˳ñÇÝáÕ, ÏñÏÝáñ¹Çã ¿/ÁÝÏÝáõÙ ¿. fixed ~ ³Ýß³ñÅ ³ëïÕ. North S~
(¹áõμÉÛáñ): ´¨»é³ÛÇÝ ³ëïÕ. ~s and stripes ²ØÜ –Ç
standing [΄stændiŋ] n ¹Çñù, ¹»ñ (ѳë³ñ³- å»ï³Ï³Ý ¹ñáßÁ. see ~s ÷Ëμ. ³ãù»ñÇó
ÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç) of high ~ μ³ñÓñ³ëïÇ׳Ý. of ϳÛÍ»ñ ó÷í»É. (μ³Ëï, ׳ϳﳷÇñ) be
good ~ ɳí å³ßïáÝ áõÝ»óáÕ. What is his born under a lucky ~ μ³Ëï³íáñ ³ëïÕÇ
~? à±í ¿. ƱÝã å³ßïáÝ/ï»Õ ¿ ·ñ³íáõÙ. ï³Ï ÍÝí»É. thank/bless one’s ~s Çñ
(勉ϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ) of long ~ 勉ϳÝ, »ñ- ׳ϳﳷñÇÝ ßÝáñÑ³Ï³É ÉÇÝ»É/ ûñÑÝ»É.
ϳñ³ï¨. a tradition of long ~ ÑÇÝ/í³Õáõóí³ trust one’s ~s Çñ μ³ËïÇÝ Ñ³í³ï³É. ~ wit-
ëáíáñáõÛÃ: ness ·É˳íáñ íϳ. óïñ., ÏÇÝá ³ëïÕ,
standing [΄stændiŋ] a Ùßï³Ï³Ý, ѳëï³- ³Ï³Ý³íáñ ¹»ñ³ë³Ý. the ~ of the game
ïáõÝ. a ~ committee Ùßï³Ï³Ý ÏáÙÇï». a ~ ˳ÕÇ Ñ»ñáëÁ. 2. a ³ëïÕ³ÛÇÝ, ³ëïÕÇ:
joke ÷Ëμ. ͳÕñÇ Ùßï³Ï³Ý ³é³ñϳ. star [sta:] v ³ëïÕ»ñáí ½³ñ¹³ñ»É. ³ëï-
Ñ³×³Ë ÏñÏÝíáÕ Ï³ï³Ï. ~ room óïñ. Õ³Ýß³Ý ¹Ý»É. óïñ., ÏÇÝá ·É˳íáñ ¹»ñÁ
ÙáõïùÇ ïáÙë (ϳݷݻÉáõ ѳٳñ): ϳï³ñ»É. ~ it ·É˳íáñ ¹»ñÁ ϳï³ñ»É. He
stand-offish [‚stænd΄ɒfi∫] a ë³éÁ, ½áõëå, ~s in that film ¶É˳íáñ ¹»ñÝ ¿ ˳ÕáõÙ ³Û¹
å³ßïáݳϳÝ. Ëëï³μ³ñá: ýÇÉÙáõÙ:
standpipe [΄stændpaip] n ϳݷÝáõÏ starboard [΄sta:bəd]1. n Íáí. ݳíÇ ³ç
(ëïáÛ³Ï)£ ÏáÕÙÁ. on the ~ side ³ç ÏáÕÙáõÙ. 2. v Õ»ÏÁ
standpoint [΄stændpɔint] n ï»ë³Ï»ï. from ¹»åÇ ³ç åïï»É:
the ~ of ï»ë³Ï»ïÇó: starch [sta:t∫] n, v ûëɳ. ËëÏó. Ï»Ýë³Ï³Ý
standstill [΄stændstil] n ³Ýß³ñÅáõÃÛáõÝ, ¿Ý»ñ·Ç³, Ï»ÝëáõݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ûëɳۻÉ. ~ed
¹³¹³ñ. É׳óáõÙ. be at a ~ ³Ý·áñÍáõÃÛ³Ý collar ûëÉ³Û³Í ûÓÇù:
Ù³ïÝí»É. ã³ß˳ï»É å³ñ³åáõñ¹ ï³É. starchy [΄sta:t∫i] a ûëɳ۳Í, ûëɳ۳߳ï.
The factory is at a ~ ¶áñͳñ³ÝÁ å³ñ³- ÷Ëμ. ãáñ, ßÇÝÍáõ, ³ÝμݳϳÝ:
åáõñ¹ ¿ ï³ÉÇë. come to a ~ ϳݷ ³éÝ»É, stare [steə] n ³ÏݳåÇß/½³ñÙ³ó³Í ѳ۳óù.
¹³¹³ñ»É. bring to a ~ ϳݷݻóÝ»É, ¹³- cold ~ ë³éÁ ѳ۳óù. a vacant ~ Ùï³½áõñÏ/
¹³ñ»óÝ»É. wage ~ ³ß˳ï³í³ñÓÇ ë³é»- Ùï³óÇñ ѳ۳óù. glassy ~ ³Ýϻݹ³Ý/
óáõÙ: ³å³ÏÛ³ ѳ۳óù. stony ~ ͳÝñ/×ÝßáÕ Ñ³-
stand-up [΄stændΛp] a ϳݷáõÝ. μ³ó³- Û³óù. Disaster ~s us in the face ÷Ëμ. Ø»½
ѳÛï, ³é³Ýó óùóÝ»Éáõ. ϳݷݳÍ. ~ meal íï³Ý· ¿ ëå³éÝáõÙ:
stare 786 starve

stare [steə] v ³ÏݳåÇß/먻éáõÝ Ñ³Û³óùáí ·ó»É. The car wouldn’t ~ Þ³ñÅÇãÁ ·áñÍÇ ãÇ
ݳۻÉ. ~ down/out of countenance ѳ۳óùáí ÁÝÏÝáõÙ. ~ the engine ß³ñÅÇãÁ ·áñÍÇ ¹Ý»É.
ß÷áûóÝ»É. ~ one in the face ³ÏÝѳÛï/³Ý- The river ~s ¶»ïÁ ëÏÇ½μ ¿ ³éÝáõÙ. The train
Ëáõë³÷»ÉÇ ÉÇÝ»É. ~ smn up and down 먻- has just ~ed ¶Ý³óùÁ Ñ»Ýó Ýáñ Ù»ÏÝ»ó. to ~
éáõÝ Ñ³Û³óùáí áïùÇó ·ÉáõË ã³÷»É. It’s with Ý³Ë ¨ ³é³ç. (óÝóí»É, í»ñ Ãéã»É) ~ at
rude to ~ like that ³Ýù³Õ³ù³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ every sound ³Ù»Ý Ó³ÛÝÇó í»ñ Ãéã»É. The bell
Ù»ÏÇÝ ³Û¹å»ë ³ÏݳåÇß Ý³Û»ÉÁ: made me ~ ¼³Ý·Ç Ó³ÛÝÇó »ë í»ñ Ãé³. ~
starfish [΄sta:fi∫] n ϻݹ. Íáí³ëïÕ: back in fear í³ËÇó ÁÝÏñÏ»É. (ëÏëí»É) before
star gazer [΄sta:‚geizə] n ³ÝñçáÕ/»ñ³½áÕ it ~s to snow ù³ÝÇ ¹»é ÓÛáõÝÁ ãÇ ëÏëí»É. It is
Ù³ñ¹: ~ing to get warmer êÏëáõÙ ¿ ï³ù³Ý³É. ~ up
stark [sta:k] a μ³ó³ñÓ³Ï, ϳï³ñÛ³É. ~ ³ß˳ï³ëÏǽμ:
naked μáÉáñáíÇÝ Ù»ñÏ. ~ staring mad ÷Ëμ., starter [΄sta:tə] n Ùñ½., ï»Ë. ëï³ñï»ñ.
ËëÏó. ÉñÇí Ë»ÉùÁ Ãéóñ³Í: í³½ùÇ ÙñóÙ³Ý Ù³ëݳÏÇó. (³íïá) ëï³ñ-
starlet [΄sta:lət] n ³ëïÕÇÏ: ï»ñ. an early ~ ÷Ëμ. í³Õ ³ñÃݳóáÕ. ËÑñ.
starlight [΄sta:lait] n ³ëïÕ»ñÇ ÉáõÛë. by ~ ³Õ³Ý¹»ñ. What’s for ~s ? ƱÝã ϳé³ç³ñ-
³ëïÕ»ñÇ ÉáõÛëÇ ï³Ï: Ï»Çù áñå»ë ³Õ³Ý¹»ñ£
starling [΄sta:liŋ] n ϻݹ. ë³ñÛ³Ï: starting [΄sta:tiŋ] a »ÉÙ³Ý, Ù»ÏÝÙ³Ý,
starlit [΄sta:lit] a ³ëïÕ³ÉÇó, ³ëïÕ³½³ñ¹. Ù»ÏÝ»Éáõ. ~ point Ù»Ïݳϻï. the ~ pûint of
a ~ night ³ëïÕ³ÉÇó ·Çß»ñ: an argument ÷³ëï³ñÏÇ Ù»ÏݳϻïÁ. ~ post
starry [΄sta:ri] a ³ïÕ³ÉÇó, ³ëïÕ³½³ñ¹: Ùñ½. Ù»ÏÝÙ³Ý Ýß³·ÇÍÁ. ~ price ݳËݳϳÝ
star-spangled [΄sta:‚spæŋgld] a ³ëïÕ»ñáí ·ÇÝÁ:
å³ï³Í. the ~ banner ²ØÜ –Ç ³½·³ÛÇÝ/å»- startle [΄sta:tl] n with a ~ í³Ë»ó³Í,
ï³Ï³Ý ¹ñáßÁ: óÝóí³Í:
start [sta:t] n Ù»ÏÝáõÙ. ëÏǽμ. Ùñ½. Ù»ÏݳñÏ, startle [΄sta:tl] v í³Ë»óÝ»É, ½³ñٳݳÉ,
Ùñó³ëÏǽμ. at the ~ of the century ¹³ñ³- óÝóí»É. His cry ~d me Üñ³ ×ÇãÁ ÇÝÓ í³Ë»ó-
ëϽμÇÝ. from ~ to the finish ëϽμÇó ÙÇÝ㨠ñ»ó. I was ~d to hear »ë óÝóí»óÇ Éë»Éáí:
í»ñç. make a ~ ëÏë»É, Ó»éݳÙáõË ÉÇÝ»É, startler [΄sta:tlə] n ë»Ýë³óÇáÝ Ñ³Ûï³ñ³-
make a good ~ ɳí ëÏÇ½μ ¹Ý»É. give one a ~ in ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ë»Ýë³ódz:
life ÷Ëμ. û·Ý»É Ù»ÏÇÝ ÇÝùÝáõñáõÛÝ Ù³ñ¹ startling [΄sta:tliŋ] a ½³ñٳݳÉÇ, ³åß»óáõ-
¹³éݳÉ. false ~ ³ÝѳçáÕ ÷áñÓ. Ùñ½. Ï»ÕÍ óÇã, óÝóáÕ:
Ù»ÏݳñÏ/ëï³ñï. (ѳÝϳñͳÏÇ ß³ñÅáõÙ, start stop operarion [΄sta:t ΄stɒp
óÝóáõÙ) awake with a ~ ѳÝϳñͳÏÇ ½³ñÃ- ɒpə΄rei∫n] ÑÙÏñ·. ëϽμáí ¨ í»ñçáí é»ÅÇÙ£
Ý»É. give one a ~ í³Ë»óÝ»É. spring up with a start stop transmission [΄sta:t ΄stɒp
~ ï»ÕÇó í»ñ Ãéã»É. work by fits and ~s tranz΄mi∫n] ÑÙÏñ·. ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ ³ëÇÝËñáÝ
ÁݹѳïáõÙÝ»ñáí ³ß˳ï»É. Ùñ½. ³é³í»- ÷á˳ÝóáõÙ£
ÉáõÃÛáõÝ The boy had a ~ of two metres îÕ³Ý start symbol [΄sta:t ΄simbəl] ëϽμݳϳÝ
»ñÏáõ Ù»ïñÇ ³é³í»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»ñ: ëÇÙíáÉ£
start [sta:t] v ëÏë»É, Ó»éݳÙáõË ÉÇÝ»É. ~ ne- starttime [΄sta:t ‚taim] ³ÏïÇí³óÙ³Ý Å³-
gotiations μ³Ý³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ëÏë»É. school ٳݳÏÁ£
~s on Monday ¸³ë»ñÁ ëÏëíáõÙ »Ý »ñÏáõ- start up [΄sta:t Λp] ݳËÝ³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáÕáõ-
ß³μÃÇ ûñÁ. ~ a new job Ó»éݳÙáõË ÉÇÝ»É ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ:
Ýáñ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ. Ùñ½. (Ù»ÏݳñÏ»É) ~ a starvation [sta:΄vei∫n] n ëáí³Ù³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ,
race Ùñó³í³½ù Ù»ÏݳñÏ»É/ëÏë»É. (³é³- ëáí³Ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ëáí. die of ~ ëáí³Ù³Ñ
ç³óÝ»É) ~ a quarrel í»× ³é³ç³óÝ»É. ³ÛÉ ÉÇÝ»É. oxygen ~ ÃÃí³ÍÝÇ ëáí. a ~ diet
·áñͳéáõÙÝ»ñ, ï³ñμ»ñ û·ï. ~ a business ëáí³Ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ëÝݹ³Ï³ñ·/¹Ç»ï³. ~
·áñÍ Ó»éݳñÏ»É. ~ a rumour Éáõñ ï³ñ³Í»É. wages ³Õù³ïÇÏ ³ß˳ï³í³ñÓ:
~ a question ѳñó ѳñáõó»É. ~ a shop ˳- starve [sta:v] v ù³Õó»É, ëáí³Ù³Ñ ÉÇÝ»É. ~
Ýáõà μ³ó»É. ~ a journal/newspaper ûñÃ/³Ù- animals ϻݹ³ÝÇÝ»ñÇÝ ëáí³Ù³Ñ ³Ý»É. ~ to
ë³·Çñ ÑÇÙݳ¹ñ»É. ~ a car Ù»ù»Ý³Ý ·áñÍÇ death ëáí³Ù³Ñ ³Ý»É. Plants are ~d of nitro-
state 787 station

gen ´áõÛë»ñÁ ³½áïÇ å³Ï³ë »Ý ½·áõÙ. I’m ~ days ë³ÑÙ³Ýí³Í ûñ»ñÇÝ. at the ~ time
~ing ËëÏó. êáí³Í áõßùë ·ÝáõÙ ¿: áñáßí³Í ųٳݳÏÇÝ. within ~ limits Ýßí³Í
state [steit] n ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ, íÇ׳Ï. ~ of mind ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ. the ~ sum Ýßí³Í ·áõÙ³ñÁ.
Ñá·»íÇ׳Ï. the ~ of life Ï»Ýë³íÇ׳Ï. ѳ- above ~ í»ñáÑÇßÛ³É, í»ñÁ Ýßí³Í£
ë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ of health ³éáÕ- stateless [΄steitləs] a ³Ýϳñ·³íÇ׳Ï. a ~
ç³Ï³Ý íÇ׳Ï. ~ of affairs ·áñÍ»ñÇ íÇ׳ÏÁ. person Çñ³í. ù³Õ³ù³óÇáõÃÛáõÝ ãáõÝ»óáÕ
be not in a fit ~ Ç íÇ׳ÏÇ ãÉÇÝ»É. in a ~ of war ³ÝÓ:
å³ï»ñ³½Ù³Ï³Ý íÇ׳ÏáõÙ. (Ó¨, ýǽÇ- stately [΄steitli] a í»Ñ, íë»Ù, ÷³é³Ñ»Õ. a ~
Ï³Ï³Ý íÇ׳Ï) liquid ~ Ñ»ÕáõÏ íÇ׳Ï. nas- bow í»Ñ³ßáõù ·ÉáõË ï³ÉÁ/áÕçáõÝ»ÉÁ. ~
cent ~ ùÇÙ. ϳ½Ù³íáñÙ³Ý ÷áõÉ. (×áËáõ- bearing í»Ñ³å³ÝÍ/Ñå³ñï Ï»óí³Íù:
ÃÛáõÝ, ßù»ÕáõÃÛáõÝ) in ~ Ù»Í ßáõùáí. dine in statement [΄steitmənt] n ѳÕáñ¹áõÙ, ѳë-
~ ѳݹÇë³íáñ ׳ßÏ»ñáõÛà áõݻݳÉ. receive ï³ïáõÙ. make a ~ ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É.
smb in ~ ѳݹÇë³íáñ ÁݹáõÝ»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ make unfounded ~s ³ÝÑÇÙÝ Ñ³Ûï³ñ³ñáõ-
ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñå»É. å³ïß³× Ó¨áí ÁݹáõÝ»É. ~ ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ³Ý»É/åݹ»É. according to the ~
apartments ѳݹÇë³íáñ/ïáÝ³Ï³Ý ë»ÝÛ³Ï- ѳٳӳÛÝ Ñ³Ûï³ñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý. a ~ to the
Ý»ñ. ßù³ë»ÝÛ³ÏÝ»ñ. »ñÏÇñ, å»ïáõÃÛáõÝ. press ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ Ù³ÙáõÉáõÙ. a writ-
ݳѳݷ (²ØÜ) the S ~s ²ØÜ. Secretary of ~ ten ~ Çñ³í. ·ñ³íáñ ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. wit-
ݳ˳ñ³ñ. the powers of the ~ å»ï³Ï³Ý ness ~ Çñ³í. íϳÛÇ óáõóÙáõÝù. ~ for the de-
Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ member ~s ³Ý¹³Ù å»ïáõ- fence Çñ³í. ·áñÍÇ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõÙÁ
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. host ~ ÁݹáõÝáÕ å»ïáõÃÛáõÝ. The å³ßïå³ÝÇ ÏáÕÝÇó. ~ of claim Çñ³í.
welfare ~ μ³ñ·³í³× »ñÏÇñ. land-locked ~ ѳÛó³¹ÇÙáõÙ. (ѳßí»ïíáõÃÛáõÝ) financial ~
¹»åÇ Íáí »Éù ãáõÝ»óáÕ å»ïáõÃÛáõÝ. (å»- ýÇݳÝë³Ï³Ý ѳßí»ïíáõÃÛáõÝ. bank ~
ï³Ï³Ý) a ~ visit å³ßïáÝ³Ï³Ý ³Ûó»Éáõ- μ³ÝϳÛÇÝ ù³Õí³Íù. summery ~ ³Ù÷á÷
ÃÛáõÝ. ~ carriage ó·³íáñ³Ï³Ý ϳéù (Ø´). ß³ñ³¹ñ³Ýù. statement ÑÙÏñ·. ûå»ñ³ïáñ:
~ papers å»ï³Ï³Ý ÷³ëï³ÃÕûñ. ~ prop- stateroom [΄steitru:m] n ßù³¹³ÑÉÇ×,
erty å»ï³Ï³Ý ë»÷³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ/·áõÛù. the ßù³ëñ³Ñ (ѳݹÇë³íáñ ÁݹáõÝ»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ-
S ~ department å»ï³Ï³Ý ¹»å³ñï³Ù»Ýï. Ý»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ):
³ñï³ùÇÝ ·áñÍ»ñÇ Ý³Ë³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ statesman [΄steitsmən] n å»ï³Ï³Ý ·áñÍÇã:
law Ý³Ñ³Ý·Ç ûñ»Ýù (²ØÜ). ÑÙÏñ·. ~ infor- statesmanlike [΄steitsmənlaik] a å»ï³Ï³Ý
matiom íÇ׳ÏÇ ÇÝýáñÙ³ódz. ~ space íÇ- ·áñÍãÇ í³ñí»É³Ï»ñå/ÝÙ³Ý. (in) a ~ manner
׳ÏÝ»ñÇ ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ variable íÇ׳- å»ï³Ï³Ý Ùáï»óáõÙ:
ÏÇ ÷á÷á˳ϳÝ: static I [΄stætik] a ѳݷÇëï, ³Ýß³ñÅ,
state [steit] v ѳÛï³ñ³ñ»É, ѳëï³ï»É. ϳÛáõÝ. Business has been ~ for weeks ²ñ¹»Ý
Ó¨³íáñ»É. It is ~d гÛï³ñ³ñíáõÙ ¿. гë- ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ ß³μ³Ã ¿ª ·áñÍÁ Ï³Ý·Ý³Í ¿. ~ elec-
ï³ïíáõÙ ¿. The letter ~s ܳٳÏáõÙ ³ëíáõÙ tricity ëï³ïÇÏ ¿É»Ïïñ³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ out-
¿. ~ one’s opinion/position Çñ ϳñÍÇùÁ/¹Çñùá- put ϳÛáõÝ ³ñï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ friction ï»Ë.
ñáßáõÙÁ ß³ñ³¹ñ»É. It must be ~d ²Ý- ѳݷÇëï íÇ׳ÏÇ ß÷áõÙ:
Ññ³Å»ßï ¿ ѳÛï³ñ³ñ»É/Ýß»É. ~ a case static II [΄stætik] a ÑÙÏñ·. ëï³ïÇÏ,
Çñ³í. ·áñÍÇ ¿áõÃÛáõÝÁ Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É. It is ³Ýß³ñÅ, ³Ý÷á÷áË. ~ allocation ÑÙÏñ·.
nowhere ~d åßï. àã ÙÇ ï»Õ ãÇ Ýßí³Í. S~ ëï³ïÇÏ μ³ßËáõÙ. ~ expression ÑÙÏñ·.
your name/requirements Üß»ù Ó»ñ ³ÝáõÝÁ/ ëï³ïÇÏ ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ memory
å³Ñ³ÝçÝ»ñÁ. ÑÙÏñ·. ëï³ïÇÏ ÑÇß³ë³ñù. ~ scope ÑÙÏñ·.
state –aided [΄steiteidid] a å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ÏáÕ- ëï³ïÇÏ Ñ³Ù³ï»ùëï:
ÙÇó ë³ï³ñíáÕ. The institute is ~ ÆÝëïÇ- statics [΄stætiks] n ýǽ., ï»Ë. ëï³ïÇϳ.
ïáõïÁ å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý ÏáÕÙÇó ûųݹ³Ïáõ- é³¹. ÙÃÝáÉáñï³ÛÇÝ Ë³Ý·³ñáõÙÝ»ñ:
ÃÛáõÝ ¿ ëï³ÝáõÙ: station [΄stei∫n] n ϳ۳ñ³Ý, ϳ۳Ý. ï»Õ.
statecraft [΄steitkra:ft] n å»ïáõÃÛáõÝ railway/junction/underground ~ »ñϳÃáõÕ³-
ջϳí³ñ»Éáõ ÑÙïáõÃÛáõÝ: ÛÇÝ/ѳݷáõó³ÛÇÝ/Ù»ïñáÛÇ Ï³Û³ñ³Ý. radio
stated [΄steitid] a ë³ÑÙ³Ýí³Í, áñáßí³Í. on ~ é³¹Çáϳ۳Ý. radar ~ é³¹ÇáÉáϳóÇáÝ
station 788 stay

ϳ۳Ý. wireless ~ é³¹Çáϳ۳Ý. service ~ ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý, ëáóÇ³É³Ï³Ý Ï³ñ·³íÇ-


ëå³ë³ñÏÙ³Ý Ï³Û³Ý, μ»Ý½³Ï³Û³Ý. polling ׳ÏÁ. ~ of publications Ññ³å³ñ³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÇ
~ ÁÝïñ³Ï³Ý ï»Õ³Ù³ë. dressing ~ íÇñ³- íÇ׳ÏÁ. without official ~ ³é³Ýó å³ßïá-
ϳåÙ³Ý Ï»ï. life boat ~ ÷ñϳٳÏáõÛÏÝ»ñÇ Ý³Ï³Ý Ï³ñ·³íÇ׳ÏÇ. ~ quo ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ
ϳ۳Ý. fire ~ Ññß»ç ϳ۳Ý. naval ~ Íáí. áõÝ»óáÕ íÇ׳ÏÁ/ϳñ·³íÇ׳ÏÁ£
é³½Ù³Íáí³ÛÇÝ μ³½³. action ~s é½Ù. Ù³ñ- status byte [΄steitəs ‚bait] ÑÙÏñ·. íÇ׳ÏÇ
ï³Ï³Ý ¹Çñù»ñ. coast guard ~ Íáí. ³é³÷- μ³Ûã
ÝÛ³ å³Ñ³Ï³Ï»ï. police ~ (ݳ¨ station status word [΄steitəs ‚wə:d] ÑÙÏñ·. íÇ׳ÏÇ
house) áëïÇϳݳïáõÝ. service/ pettrol/filling μ³é:
~ ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý ëå³ë³ñÏÙ³Ý Ï³Û³Ý. statute [΄stæt∫u:t] n ûñ»Ýë¹ñ³Ï³Ý ³Ïï.
μ»Ý½³Éó³Ï³Û³Ý. a self-service ~ ÇÝùݳ- ûñ»Ýù. ëï³ïáõï. company/university ~ ÁÝ-
ëå³ë³ñÏÙ³Ý Ï³Û³Ý. ~ master ϳ۳ñ³ÝÇ Ï»ñáõÃÛ³Ý/ѳٳÉë³ñ³ÝÇ Ï³Ýáݳ¹ñáõ-
Ñ»ñóå³Ñ. (ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ¹Çñù) people ÃÛáõÝ/ϳÝáݳϳñ·. ~ book ûñ»ÝùÝ»ñÇ Åá-
of all ~s μáÉáñ ï»ë³ÏÇ/ϳñ·³íÇ׳ÏÇ Õáí³Íáõ:
Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ, above one’s ~ Çñ ·ÉËÇó/ϳñ·³- statutory [΄stæt∫utəri] a ûñ»Ýùáí ë³ÑÙ³Ý-
íÇ׳ÏÇó μ³ñÓñ: í³Í, ûñÇݳϳݳóí³Í. ~ price control
station [΄stei∫n] v ï»Õ³íáñ»É, ï»Õ³μ³ß- ûñ»Ýùáí ë³ÑÙ³Ýí³Í ·Ý»ñÇ í»ñ³ÑëÏáÕáõ-
Ë»É. ¹Ý»É. The boy ~ed himself in the armchair ÃÛáõÝ. ~ force ûñ»ÝùÇ/ûñÇÝ³Ï³Ý áõÅ:
ïÕ³Ý μ³½Ï³ÃáéÇ Ù»ç ï»Õ³íáñí»ó. The staunch [stɔ:nt∫] n ѳí³ï³ñÇÙ, ÝíÇñí³Í.
fleet was ~ed ܳí³ïáñÙÁ Ï³Ý·Ý³Í ¿ñ: ³Ýó÷³Ýó»ÉÇ, ³Ýó÷³Ýó (Ñ»ÕáõÏ). a ~
stationary [΄stei∫nəri] a ³Ýß³ñÅ, ³Ýï»Õ³- supporter ѳí³ï³ñÇÙ ÏáÕÙݳÏÇó. (³Ýë³-
ß³ñÅ»ÉÇ. a ~ target ³Ýß³ñÅ ÃÇñ³Ë. The ë³Ý, ïáÏáõÝ, ¹ÇÙ³óÏáõÝ) ~ loyalty ³Ýë³-
train is ~ ¶Ý³óùÁ Ï³Ý·Ý³Í ¿. run into a ~ car ë³Ý ѳí³ï³ñÙáõÃÛáõÝ:
Ë÷í»É Ï³Ý·Ý³Í Ù»ù»Ý³ÛÇÝ: staunch [stɔ:nt∫] v ϳݷݻóÝ»É. ~ blood
stationer [΄stei∫nə] n ·ñ»Ý³Ï³Ý åÇïáõÛù- ³ñÛáõݳѻÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ ϳݷݻóÝ»É:
Ý»ñ í³×³éáÕ: stave [steiv] n ï³Ï³é³ï³Ëï³Ï. »ñÅß.
stationery [΄stei∫nəri] n ·ñ³ë»Ý۳ϳÛÇÝ Ýáï³ÛÇ ïáÕ»ñ:
åÇïáõÛùÝ»ñ. ·ñ»Ý³Ï³Ý åÇïáõÛùÝ»ñÇ Ë³- stave [steiv] v ~ in ×»Õù»É, ç³ñ¹»Éáí ³Ýóù
ÝáõÃ: μ³ó»É. The boat was ~d ܳí³ÏáõÙ ³Ýóù
station-master [΄stei∫n‚ma:stə] n ϳ۳ñ³- μ³óí»ó. ~ off ϳÝË»É, ³é³çÝ ³éÝ»É. ~ off
ݳå»ï: bankruptcy ëݳÝϳݳÉÁ ϳÝË»É. ~ of epi-
statistical [stə΄tistikl] a íÇ׳ϳ·ñ³Ï³Ý. ~ demic ѳٳ׳ñ³ÏÁ ϳÝË»É:
clerk íÇ׳ϳ·Çñ. ~ units íÇ׳ϳ·ñ³Ï³Ý stay I [stei] n ÙݳÉÁ, ³åñ»ÉÁ. make a ~
ÙdzíáñÝ»ñ: Ç稳ݻÉ, ÑÛáõñ ÉÇÝ»É. ³åñ»É. have a short ~
statistician [‚stæti΄sti∫n] n íÇ׳ϳ·Çñ: ϳñ×³ï¨ ÙݳÉ. enjoy one’s ~ ÑÛáõñÁÝϳÉáõ-
statistics [stə΄tistiks] n íÇ׳ϳ·ñáõÃÛáõÝ: ÃÛáõÝÇó/³Ûó»ÉáõÃÛáõÝÇó ѳ×áõÛù ëï³Ý³É.
statuary [΄stæt∫uəri] n ù³Ý¹³Ï³·áñÍáõ- come for a longer ~ ³í»ÉÇ »ñϳñ ųٳݳ-
ÃÛáõÝ, ù³Ý¹³Ï³·áñÍ: Ïáí ÑÛáõñ ·³É. length of ~ ³ÛóÇ ï¨áÕáõ-
statue [΄stæt∫u:] n ³ñÓ³Ý, ù³Ý¹³Ï: ÃÛáõÝÁ, ~ of execution Çñ³í. í×éÇ Ï³ï³ñ-
statuette [‚stæt∫u΄et] n ³ñÓ³ÝÇÏ, ÷áùñ ³ñ- Ù³Ý ÁݹѳïáõÙ. ~ of proceedings Çñ³í.
Ó³Ý: ¹³ï³í³ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÁݹѳïáõÙ:
stature [΄stæt∫ə] n ѳë³Ï, μ³ñÓñáõÃÛáõÝ stay II [stei] n Ý»óáõÏ, ѻݳñ³Ý. ~s
(Ù³ñ¹áõ). of high ~ μ³ñÓñ³Ñ³ë³Ï. of short ë»ÕÙÇñ³Ý, Ïáñë»ï:
~ ϳñ׳ѳë³Ï. a man of high moral ~ ÷Ëμ. stay [stei] v ³åñ»É, ÑÛáõñ ÙݳÉ. ~ at a hotel
μ³ñÓñ μ³ñáÛ³Ï³Ý Ñ³ïϳÝÇßÝ»ñÇ ï»ñ ÑÛáõñ³ÝáóáõÙ ³åñ»É. ~ with friends ÁÝÏ»ñ-
Ù³ñ¹: Ý»ñÇ Ùáï ÑÛáõñ ÉÇÝ»É. He ~ed there for a year
status [΄steitəs] n ϳñ·³íÇ׳Ï. Çñ³í³Ï³Ý ܳ ³ÛÝï»Õ ÙÇ ï³ñÇ Ùݳó. (ï³Ý»É,
¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ¹Çñù. civil/mar- ¹ÇٳݳÉ) He’ll never ~ the course ݳ ãÇ
ital/social ~ ù³Õ³ù³ódzϳÝ/³ÙáõëݳϳÝ/ ¹Çٳݳ ³ÙμáÕç ¹³ëÁÝóóÇÝ. (ÙݳÉ) I
stay-at-home 789 steamer

shan’t ~ long ºë »ñϳñ ã»Ù Ùݳ. The floor steady [΄stedi] v ѳëï³ïáõÝ/ϳÛáõÝ ¹³ñÓ-
doesn’t ~ clean гï³ÏÁ Ù³ùáõñ ãÇ ÙÝáõÙ ~ Ý»É/¹³éݳÉ. ~ the table ë»Õ³ÝÁ ϳÛáõÝ
in bed ³ÝÏáÕÝáõÙ ÙݳÉ. If the weather ~s fine ¹³ñÓÝ»É. ~ one’s nerves ѳݷëï³Ý³É,
ºÃ» É³í »Õ³Ý³ÏÁ å³Ñå³ÝíÇ. ~ away ÝÛ³ñ¹»ñÁ ѳݷëï³óÝ»É:
ã·³É, ãÝ»ñϳ۳ݳÉ. ~ away from school ¹³- steak [steik] n ÙÇ Ïïáñ (ÙÇë, ÓáõÏ ¨ ³ÛÉÝ.
ë»ñÇó μ³ó³Ï³Û»É. ~ in ï³ÝÁ ÙݳÉ, ¹áõñë ݳ¨ ï³å³Ï³Í). ɳݷ»ï, μÇýßï»ùë.
ã·³É. ~ off ~ off work ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ ã·³É. ~ stewing ~ ßá·»Ë³ß³Í ÙÇë. ~ pie Ùëáí ϳñ-
out ï³ÝÇó μ³ó³Ï³Û»É. Don’t ~ out late àõß Ï³Ý¹³Ï:
ÙÇ í»ñ³¹³éݳ, Þáõï í»ñ¹³ñÓÇñ. ~ out of steal [sti:l] v ·áճݳÉ, ÃéóÝ»É. ·áÕáõÃÛáõÝ
reach ³Ýѳë³Ý»ÉÇ ÉÇÝ»É. ~ out of trouble ³Ý»É. ~ a watch ųٳóáõÛó ·áճݳÉ. ~
÷áñÓ³ÝùÇó/÷áñÓáõÃÛáõÝÇó Ëáõë³÷»É. ~ from a person ³ÝÓÇó ·áճݳÉ. ~ a few hours
up ãå³éÏ»É ùÝ»Éáõ. ~ up talking ÙÇÝ㨠áõß of sleep ÷Ëμ. ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ Å³Ù ÷³ËóÝ»É
·Çß»ñ Ëáë»É/½ñáõó»É. manage to ~ up çñÇ ùÝ»Éáõ ѳٳñ. ~ a glance ·³Õï³·áÕÇ Ý³-
ٳϻñ»ëÇ íñ³ ÙݳÉ, ã˻չí»É: Û»É. ~ a march μáÉáñÇó ³é³ç ³ÝóÝ»É. ~ the
stay-at-home [΄steiəthəum] n ï³ÝÁ Ýëï»É show μáÉáñÇÝ ëïí»ñÇ ï³Ï ÃáÕÝ»É/·»ñ³-
ëÇñáÕ ³ÝÓ: ½³Ýó»É. ·³Õï³·áÕÇ ³ÝóÝ»É (ß³ñÅí»É). ~
staying power [΄steiiŋpauə] n ïáÏáõ- across the room ·³Õï³·áÕÇ ë»ÝÛ³Ïáí ³Ýó-
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ¹ÇÙ³óÏáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ÇÝùݳ- Ý»É. ~ away óùáõÝ ³ÝѳÛï³Ý³É, ÍÉÏ»É. ~
½ëåáõÙ: into/out of ³ÝÝϳï»ÉÇ Ý»ñë ÙïÝ»É/¹áõñë
stead [sted] n ï»ÕÁ, ÷á˳ñ»Ý. I went in his ë³Ñ»É, ÍÉÏ»É. ~ past ÏáÕùÇó ³ÝÝϳï»ÉÇ
~ ºë Ýñ³ ÷á˳ñ»Ý ·Ý³óÇ. stand one in ³ÝóÝ»É:
good ~ (Ù»ÏÇÝ) û·ï³Ï³ñ ÉÇÝ»É, ͳé³Ûáõ- stealing [΄sti:liŋ] n ·áÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ~s ·áÕ³ó³Í
ÃÛáõÝ Ù³ïáõó»É£ Çñ»ñ, ·áÕáÝ£
steadfast [΄stedfa:st] a ϳÛáõÝ, ѳëï³ïáõÝ. stealth [stelθ] n. by ~ óùáõÝ ·³Õï³·áÕÇ,
³Ýß³ñÅ, ³ÏݳåÇß. a ~ gaze ³ÏݳåÇß Ñ³- ·³Õïݳμ³ñ:
Û³óù. ~ in one’s loyalty ³Ýë³ë³Ý ѳí³- stealthy [΄stelθi] a ·³ÕïÝÇ, ͳÍáõÏ. ~ steps
ï³ñÙáõÃÛáõÝ: ³Ý³ÕÙáõÏ ù³ÛÉ»ñ. a ~ maneuvre Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏ
steady I [΄stedi] a ϳÛáõÝ, ³Ý÷á÷áË, Ùßï³- ù³ÛÉ:
ϳÝ. ϳÛáõÝ ÁÝÏ»ñ/áõÑÇ. ~ man ѳí³- steam [sti:m] n ·áÉáñßÇ, ßá·Ç. ËëÏó. áõÅ,
ë³ñ³Ïßéí³Í Ù³ñ¹. ~ worker íëï³Ñ»ÉÇ »é³Ý¹. get up ~ ·áÉáñßÇ ³é³ç³óÝ»É. ÷Ëμ.
μ³Ýíáñ. She’s his ~ Üñ³Ýù ѳݹÇåáõÙ »Ý: áõŠѳí³ù»É. let off ~ ·áÉáñßÇÝ μ³ó
steady II [΄stedi] a ѳëï³ïáõÝ, ϳÛáõÝ. ³- ÃáÕÝ»É. ÷Ëμ. ½·³óÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇÝ »Éù ï³É.
Ùáõñ, Ñáõë³ÉÇ. have a ~ hand ³Ùáõñ Ó»éù put on ~ ßá·ÇÝ ³í»É³óÝ»É. turn on/shut off ~
áõݻݳÉ. a ~ voice ³ÝÑáÕ¹áÕ¹ Ó³ÛÝ. a ~ gaze ßá·ÇÝ ÙdzóÝ»É/³Ýç³ï»É. full ~ ahead
³ÏݳåÇß/³Ýß³ñŠѳ۳óù. ~ nerves ³Ùáõñ ³ÙμáÕç ó÷áí ³é³ç ß³ñÅí»É. ~ boiler
ÝÛ³ñ¹»ñ. The table is not ~ ê»Õ³ÝÁ ³Ýϳ- ß᷻ϳÃë³. ~ engine »ñÏÃ. ßá·»ù³ñß:
ÛáõÝ ¿/ß³ñÅíáõÙ ¿. (ѳí³ë³ñ³ÏßÇé, Éáõñç) steam [sti:m] v ·áÉáñßÇ ³ñӳϻÉ, ·áÉáñßdz-
a ~ young man ѳí³ë³ñ³Ïßéí³Í »ñÇï³- ݳÉ. ùñïÝ»É, ùñïݳϳɻÉ. Horses ~ ed with
ë³ñ¹. a ~ faith ³ÝÑáÕ¹áÕ¹ ѳí³ï. (ѳٳ- sweat ÒÇ»ñÁ ùñïݳÃáñ ¿ÇÝ »Õ»É. The win-
ã³÷, ³ÝÁݹѳï) a ~ pulse ѳٳã³÷/ ϳ- dow was ~ed ä³ïáõѳÝÁ ·áÉáñß³å³ïí»É
ÛáõÝ ½³ñÏ»ñ³Ï. a ~ pace ѳٳã³÷ ù³ÛÉ»ñ. ¿ñ. a ~ing hot bath ßá·/ï³ù Éá·³Ýù/μ³ÕÝÇù.
a ~ drizzle/downpour ³ÝÁݹѳï/ ã¹³¹³ñáÕ ~ into/out of the harbour/station ݳí³-
ï»Õ³ï³ñ³÷. a ~ job Ùßï³Ï³Ý ³ß˳- ѳݷëïÇó/ϳ۳ñ³ÝÇó ¹áõñë ·³É/ųٳ-
ï³Ýù. a ~ progress ϳÛáõÝ ³é³çÁÝóó. ~ Ý»É. ËÑñ. (ß᷻˳߻É) ~ed fish ß᷻˳߳Í
prices ϳÛáõÝ ·Ý»ñ. ~ demand ³ÝÁݹ- ÓáõÏ. get ~ed up about smth ÷Ëμ. Ñáõ½í»É/
ѳï/ϳÛáõÝ å³Ñ³Ýç/å³Ñ³Ýç³ñÏ: ÝÛ³ñ¹³ÛÝ³Ý³É áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ Ï³å³Ïóáõ-
steady [΄stedi] adv Steady! ¼·á°õÛß. S~ on! ÃÛ³Ùμ:
γٳ°ó (ß³ñÅáõÙ). ~ ! гݷëï³óÇ°ñ. They steamboat [΄sti:mbəut] n ß᷻ݳí:
are going ~ ËëÏó. Üñ³Ýù ѳݹÇåáõÙ »Ý: steamer [΄sti:mə] n Íáí. ß᷻ݳí. ËÑñ.
steam-gauge 790 step

ß᷻˳߻Éáõ ϳÃë³: Ëáõë³÷»É. ~ clear of trouble ÷Ëμ. ³Ý³Ëáñ-


steam-gauge [΄sti:mgeidз] n ·³½»ñÇ/·á- ÅáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇó ËáõÛë ï³É. (Õ»ÏÁ í³ñ»É.
Éáñßáõ ×Ýß³ã³÷. Ù³ÝáÙ»ïñ: ջϳí³ñí»É) ~ by the stars/by the chart
steam-navvy [΄sti:mnævi] n ÑáÕ³Ñ³Ý ³ëïÕ»ñáí/ù³ñ﻽áí ջϳí³ñí»É:
Ù»ù»Ý³: steer [stiə] n óÉÇÏ, ³ñç³é. »½:
steam-roller [΄sti:m‚rəulə] n ï»Ë. ßá·»- steerage [΄stiəridз] n ջϳë³ñù, ջϳϳ-
·É³Ý: é³í³ñáõÙ:
steamship [΄sti:m∫ip] n ß᷻ݳí: steering [΄stiəriŋ] n ջϳϳé³í³ñáõÙ. ~
steamy [΄sti:mi] a ·áÉáñß³å³ï. ùñïݳÍ, wheel ³í. ջϳÝÇí:
ùñïÝùϳɳÍ: steersman [΄stiəzmən] n ջϳϳÉ. ßïáõñ-
steed [sti:d] n μÝëï. ÝÅáõÛ·. galant ~ Ù³Ý. í³ñáñ¹:
³ñ³·ÁÝóó/ϳÛï³é ÓÇ: stellar [΄stelə] a ³ëïÕ³ÛÇÝ, ³ëïÕ»ñÇ:
steel [sti:l]1. n åáÕå³ï. stainless ~ ãųÝ- stem [stem] n (ͳÕÏÇ) óáÕáõÝ. (ͳéÇ) μáõÝ.
·áïíáÕ åáÕå³ï. cold ~ ë³éÁ ½»Ýù. nerves (¹³Ý³ÏÇ) ÏáÃ, åáã. (μ³éÇ) ÑÇÙù. (μ³Å³-
of ~ ÷Ëμ. åáÕå³ï» ÝÛ³ñ¹»ñ. 2. a åáÕ- ÏÇ) áïù, åáã (ݳíÇ) ùÇÃ. ï»ñ¨³ÏáÃ, Ïá-
å³ï», åáÕå³ïÇ. ÷Ëμ. ¹³Å³Ý, ³ÝáÕáù. ÃáõÝ. ïáÑÙ:
~ blue/grey åáÕå³ï³·áõÛÝ: stem [stem] v ͳ·»É, ³é³ç³Ý³É. It all ~s
steel [sti:l] v åáÕå³ïáí å³ï»É. Ïá÷»É. from the fact ²Ûë μáÉáñÁ ͳ·áõÙ ¿/³é³-
÷Ëμ. ¹³Å³Ý/³Ý·áõà ¹³ñÓÝ»É. ~ oneself ç³ÝáõÙ ¿. (³Ùμ³ñï³Ï»É. ϳݷݻóÝ»É, ¹³-
ù³çáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ/ѳí³ù»É£ ¹³ñ»óÝ»É.) ~ spread of disease ϳݷݻóÝ»É
steel-clad [΄sti:lklæd] a (ݳ¨ steel-plated) ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛ³Ý ï³ñ³ÍáõÙÁ. ~ a flood current
½ñ³Ñ³å³ï, ½ñ³Ñ³íáñí³Í: ¹³¹³ñ»óÝ»É/³Ùμ³ñï³Ï»É çñÇ ÑáëùÁ:
steel-engraving [‚sti:lin΄greiviŋ] n ÷áñ³- stench [stent∫] n ·³ñß³ÑáïáõÃÛáõÝ:
·ñáõÙ åáÕå³ïÇ íñ³: stencil [΄stensl] n ½³ñ¹³Ï³Õ³å³ñ, ïñ³-
steel wool [‚sti:l΄wul] n μ³ñ³Ï åáÕå³ï» ý³ñ»ï. cut a ~ ß³μÉáÝ Ïïñ»É:
ÓáÕ»ñ: stencil [΄stensl] v ß³μÉáÝáí Ïïñ»É/Ý»ñÏ»É. ~
steelworks [΄sti:lwə:ks] n åáÕå³ï³Óáõ- ten copies ï³ëÝ ûñÇÝ³Ï ïñ³ý³ñ»ïáí
É³Ï³Ý ·áñͳñ³Ý. åáÕå³ï³Óáõɳñ³Ý: Ýϳñ»É:
steep [sti:p] a ½³éÇó÷, ¹Çù. áõÕÕ³ÓÇ·. stenographer [stə΄nɒgrəfə] n ëÕ³-
÷Ëμ. ã³÷³½³Ýó/³Ýã³÷ μ³ñÓñ. The price ·ñáÕ/ëÕ³·ñáõÑÇ:
is pretty ~ ÷Ëμ., ËëÏó. ²°Û ù»½ ·ÇÝ (³Ñ³íáñ stenography [stə΄nɒgrəfi] n ëÕ³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
óÝÏ). His stories are a bit ~ ä³ïÙáõ- stentorian [sten΄tɔ:riən] a áñáïÁݹáëï,
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ μ³í³Ï³Ý ÑݳñáíÇ »Ý: μ³ñÓñ³·áã. ~ voice ÃݹáõÝ Ó³ÛÝ:
steep [sti:p] v Ãñçáó/çáõñÁ ¹Ý»É. ÃñÙ»É (ûÛÁ step [step] n ù³ÛÉ, ù³Ûɳ÷áË. å³ñ³ù³ÛÉ.
¨ ³ÛÉÝ). ÍÍ»óÝ»É, ѳ·»óÝ»É. ~ in prejudice heavy/light/steady ~s ͳÝñ/ûè/ѳëï³-
ݳ˳åß³ñÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇ Ù»ç óÕí³Í/ÁÝ- ïáõÝ ù³ÛÉ»ñ. waltz ~ í³ÉëÇ å³ñ³ù³ÛÉ. in ~
ÏÁÕÙí³Í: ѳٳù³ÛÉ. out of ~ áã ѳÙÁÝóó/ѳٳ-
steepen [΄sti:pən] v ½³éÇí»ñ μ³ñÓñ³Ý³É: ù³ÛÉ. practical ~ ·áñÍÝ³Ï³Ý ù³ÛÉ. diplomatic
steeple [΄sti:pl] n ½³Ý·³Ï³ïáõÝ, ëñ³Í³Ûñ ~s ¹Çí³Ý³·Çï³Ï³Ý ù³ÛÉ»ñ/ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ. ~
³ßï³ñ³Ï: by ~ ù³ÛÉ ³é ù³ÛÉ. follow in one’s ~s Ù»ÏÇ
steeplechase [΄sti:plt�eis] n ³ñ·»ÉùÝ»ñáí Ñ»ïù»ñáí ·Ý³É. ÷Ëμ. Ù»ÏÇ ûñÇݳÏÇÝ
Ódzñß³í: ѻ層É. keep ~ with ѳٳù³ÛÉ ·Ý³É. false ~
steeple-jack [΄sti:pldзæk] n Ù»Í μ³ñÓñáõ- ëË³É ù³ÛÉ. take ~s ù³ÛÉ»ñ/ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ Ó»é-
ÃÛ³Ý íñ³ ³ß˳ïáÕ μ³Ýíáñ£ ݳñÏ»É. It’s only a ~/a good ~ Þ³ï ÙáïÇÏ ¿.
steer [stiə] v í³ñ»É (ݳí, Ù»ù»Ý³) ~ a boat retract ~s í»ñ³¹³éݳÉ. at every ~ ³Ù»Ý ù³Û-
ݳí³ÏÁ í³ñ»É. ~ into the ditch áõÕÕ»É ¹»åÇ É³÷áËÇÝ. Watch your ~ ! ¼·á°õÛß. ¼·áõ-
÷áëÁ. ~ away from Ñ»éáõ ï³Ý»É/å³Ñ»É ß³óÇ°ñ. ~ up ³é³çÁÝóó ù³ÛÉ. out of ~ with
(áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇó) ~ clear of Ëáõë³÷»É, ËáõÛë modern life ųٳݳϳÏÇó ÏÛ³ÝùÇ Ñ»ï áã
ï³É. ~ clear of the rocks ųÛé»ñÇó/ËáõûñÇó ѳٳù³ÛÉ. (³ëïÇ׳Ý) a flight of ~s
step 791 stick

ë³Ý¹Õ³í³Ý¹³Ï. ѳñϳμ³ÅÇÝ. Mind the stew [stju:] n ßá·»Ë³ß³Í ÙÇë/ÓáõÏ. be in a ~


~ ! ¼·áõß³ó»°ù, ³ëïÇ×³Ý ¿. cut ~s on the ÷Ëμ., ËëÏó. Ñáõ½í³Í/ÝÛ³ñ¹³ÛÇÝ íÇ׳-
rock ųÛéÇ íñ³ ³ëïÇ×³Ý ÷áñ»É. step - wise ÏáõÙ ÉÇÝ»É:
refinement ù³ÛÉ ³é ù³ÛÉ ×ß·ñïáõÙ: stew [stju:] v ß᷻˳߻É. ~ slowly Ù³ñٳݹ
step [step] v ù³ÛÉ»É, ù³ÛÉ»ñ ³Ý»É. å³ñ³ù³ÛÉ Ïñ³Ïáí ß᷻˳߻É. ~ed apples Ëáñáí³Í/
³Ý»É. ~ aside ÙÇ ÏáÕÙ ù³ßí»É. ~ back ÙÇ »÷³Í ËÝÓáñ£
ù³ÛÉ »ï ·Ý³É. Stepback ! ֳݳ峰ñÑ. ~ steward [΄stju:əd] n (ÇÝùݳÃÇéÇ) áõÕ»ÏóáÕ.
down ÇçÝ»É. ~ down the bus ³íïáμáõëÇó ïÝï»ëí³ñ (ùáÉ»ç, ³ÏáõÙμ). ϳñ·³¹ñÇã
ÇçÝ»É. (½Çç»É) ~ down in favour of smn ½Çç»É (Ódzñß³í, å³ñ³Ñ³Ý¹»ë). ϳé³í³ñÇã
ѳÝáõÝ Ù»ÏÇ. ~ forward ÙÇ ù³ÛÉ ³é³ç (ϳÉí³Íù). shop ~ ³ñï³¹ñ³Ù³ëÇ ³í³·:
·Ý³É/ß³ñÅí»É. ~ in/into Ý»ñë ÙïÝ»É, áïùÁ stewardess [‚stju:ə΄des] n (ÇÝùݳÃÇéÇ)
Ý»ñë ¹Ý»É. ~ into one’s shoes Ù»ÏÇ ï»ÕÁ áõÕ»ÏóáÕáõÑÇ:
·ñ³í»É. (˳éÝí»É) The authorities ~ped in stick [stik] n ÷³Ûï. ÷³ÛïÇÏ, ÓáÕÇÏ. ٳѳÏ,
Իϳí³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ/Æß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÙÇç³Ù- ·³í³½³Ý. ÏáÃ. walking ~ Ó»éݳ÷³Ûï. a ~
ï»ó/˳éÝí»ó. ~ up μ³ñÓñ³Ý³É, μ³ñÓ- of chewing gum ͳÙáÝÇ ÙÇ ß»ñï. policy of
ñ³óÝ»É. ³ñ³·³óÝ»É. ~ up the current ¿É. the big ~ Ù»Í Ù³Ñ³ÏÇ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ.
ɳñáõÙÁ μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É. (Ùáï»Ý³É) He ~ped the ~s Ùñ½. ËáãÁݹáïÝ»ñ. have smn in a cleft
up to me ܳ Ùáï»ó³í ÇÝÓ. ~ brother/ ~ Ù»ÏÇÝ ÍáõÕ³ÏÇ/÷³ÏáõÕáõ Ù»ç ·ó»É. a
child/daughter/father/sister/son Ëáñà »Õμ³Ûñ/ funny old ~ å³é³í ù³ýóé. cut one’s ~
»ñ»Ë³/¹áõëïñ/ѳÛñ/ùáõÛñ/áñ¹Ç£ ÷³Ëã»É, ÍÉÏ»É. any ~ to beat the dog μáÉáñ
stepping stone [΄stepiŋstəun] n cross the ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÁª ɳí:
stream on ~ ·»ï³ÏÝ ³ÝóÝ»É ù³ñ»ñÇ stick [stik] v Ëñ»É, ÙË»É. ~ a nail into the door
íñ³Ûáí. a ~ to promotion ÷Ëμ. ³é³ç˳- ¹é³Ý Ù»ç Ù»Ë Ëñ»É. ~ a knife into smb’s back
Õ³óÙ³Ý ³ëïÇ׳ÝÝ»ñ: Ù»çùÁ ¹³Ý³Ï Ëñ»É. ~ meat on skewers
stereo [΄steriəu] n (ѳå³íáõÙ) ~ (phonic) ß³Ù÷áõñÇ íñ³ ÙÇë ³ÝóϳóÝ»É. (ëáëÝÓ»É,
record player ëï»ñ»áýáÝ Ýí³·³ñÏÇã: ÏåóÝ»É) ~ a stamp on the envelope Íñ³ñÇÝ
stereometry [‚steri΄ɒmətri] n Ù³Ã. ï³ñ³- ݳٳϳÝÇß ÷³ÏóÝ»É. The stamp won’t ~
ͳã³÷áõÃÛáõÝ: ܳٳϳÝÇßÁ ãÇ ÏåãáõÙ. ~ the pieces together
stereoscope [΄steriəskəup] n ͳí³É³¹Ç- ÏïáñÝ»ñÁ Çñ³ñ ÏåóÝ»É. ËëÏó. (ËáûÉ) ~
ï³Ï, ëï»ñ»áëÏáå: the hands in the pockets Ó»éù»ñÁ ·ñå³ÝÝ»ñÁ
stereotype [΄steriətaip] n ëï»ñ»áïÇå. ËáûÉ. ~ the hat on the head ·É˳ñÏÁ ·ÉáõËÁ
÷Ëμ. ³Ý÷á÷áË, ß³μÉáÝ£ ÙïóÝ»É. ~ smn on the jury ÅÛáõñÇáõÙ Ýëï»ó-
sterile [΄sterail] a ëï»ñç, ³ÙáõÉ, ãμ»ñ. Ý»É. ~ in one’s throat ÏáÏáñ¹áõÙ ÙݳÉ. ~ in-
³Ýμ»ññÇ (ÑáÕ). ³ÝåïáõÕ (ͳé): doors all day ³ÙμáÕç ûñÁ ï³ÝÁ ÙݳÉ. ~ at
sterility [stə΄riləti] n ³ÙÉáõÃÛáõÝ. ëï»ñçáõ- ѳٳé»É, ѳٳéáñ»Ý ß³ñáõݳϻÉ. ~ at
ÃÛáõÝ. ³Ýμ»ññÇáõÃÛáõÝ. Ù³Ýñ³½»ñÍáõÃÛáõÝ: nothing áã ÙÇ μ³ÝÇ ³é³ç ϳݷ ã³éÝ»É. ~
sterilize [΄sterəlaiz] v Ù³Ýñ³½»ñÍ»É, ëï»ñÇ- fast ³Ùáõñ Ïåã»É. be stuck Ëñí»É, ãϳñá-
ɳóÝ»É: Õ³Ý³É ¹áõñë ·³É. The car was stuck in the
sterling [΄stə:liŋ] n ýÇÝ. ëï»ñÉÇÝ·, ýáõÝï mud Ø»ù»Ý³Ý Ëñí»É ¿ñ ó»ËÇ Ù»ç. I was
ëï»ñÉÇÝ·. payable in ~ í׳ñÁ ëï»ñÉÇÝ·áí: stuck in London ºë Ééí»É ¿Ç ÈáݹáÝáõÙ. We
sterling [΄stə:liŋ] a μ³ñÓñáñ³Ï, ³é³çݳ- are stuck with debts Ø»Ýù Ëñí³Í »Ýù
ϳñ·. ~ silver μ³ñÓñáñ³Ï ³ñͳÃ. a man of å³ñïù»ñÇ Ù»ç. (ï³Ý»É, ¹ÇٳݳÉ) I can’t ~
~ qualities ÷Ëμ. μ³ñÓñ ³ñųÝÇùÝ»ñÇ ï»ñ him î³Ý»É ã»Ù ϳñáÕ Ýñ³Ý. He can’t ~ the
Ù³ñ¹. ~ fellow ³½ÝÇí/³½Ýí³μ³ñá Ù³ñ¹: climate ܳ ãÇ ¹ÇÙ³ÝáõÙ ³Ûë ÏÉÇÙ³ÛÇÝ.
stern [stə:n] a ËÇëï, ËáÅáé. ~ discipline (Ïåã»É, ãåáÏí»É) The plate stuck to the table
ËÇëï ϳñ·³å³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ: ²÷ë»Ý Ïå»É ¿ñ ë»Õ³ÝÇó. ~ to one’s story Çñ
stern [stə:n] n Íáí. ݳí³Ë»É, h»ï¨³Ù³ë: å³ïÙáõÃÛ³ÝÁ/å³ïÙ³ÍÇÝ Ï³éã»É. ~ to the
stevedore [΄sti:vədɔ:] n ݳí³Ñ³Ý·ëï³ÛÇÝ point μáõÝ ÝÛáõÃÇÝ Ñ³í³ï³ñÇÙ ÙݳÉ.
μ»éÝáñ¹: (ÙݳÉ) The words stuck in my throat ´³é»ñÁ
sticker 792 stimulant

ÏáÏáñ¹áõÙë ÙݳóÇÝ. ~ upon one’s memory Ñá¹»ñÇ Ï³ñÍñ³óáõÙ/ù³ñ³óáõÙ:


ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ïå³íáñí»É. ~ down stifle [΄staifl] v ˻չ»É. ÷Ëμ. ½ëå»É, ×Ýß»É. ~
·ñ³Ýó»É, ·ñ³é»É. ~ in Ý»ñ¹Ý»É, ÙïóÝ»É. ~ a laugh/a yawn/sneeze ÍÇͳÕÁ/Ñáñ³ÝçÁ/
out. (¹áõñë ѳݻÉ). ~ out the tongue É»½áõÝ ÷éßïáóÁ ½ëå»É. ~ an opposition Áݹ¹Ç-
¹áõñë ѳݻÉ. Don’t ~ your head out of the win- Ù³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ×Ýß»É. ~d by heat ßá·Çó
dow ¶Éáõ˹ å³ïáõѳÝÇó ¹áõñë ÙÇ Ñ³ÝÇñ. ßÝã³Ñ»ÕÓ »Õ³Í:
(í»ñ óóí»É, ¹áõñë åñÍÝ»É). His teeth ~ out stifling [΄staifliŋ] adv ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ, ë³é-
Üñ³ ³ï³ÙÝ»ñÁ ¹áõñë »Ý óóí³Í. It ~s out a Ýáñ»Ý. move ~ ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ ù³ÛÉ»É/ß³ñÅ-
mile that ... ØÇ ÙÕáÝ Ñ»é³íáñáõÃÛáõÝÇó í»É. bow ~ ë³éÝáñ»Ý/å³ßïáݳå»ë ·ÉáõË
»ñ¨áõÙ ¿, áñ... ~ up óóí»É. ~ up a notice ï³É. stand ~ ³Ýß³ñŠϳݷݻÉ:
ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ÷³ÏóÝ»É. The rock ~s up stifling [΄staifliŋ] a ˻չáÕ, ×ÝßáÕ, Ñ»Õ-
ijÛéÁ ¹áõñë ¿ óóí»É: ÓáõóÇã. ~ heat ˻չáÕ ïáÃ. It is ~ in here
sticker [΄stikə] n ÏåãáõÝ/Ù³ÍáõóÇÏ ÝÛáõÃ: ²Ûëï»Õ Ñ»ÕÓáõÏ ¿:
stickiness [΄stikinəs] n Ù³ÍáõóÇÏáõÃÛáõÝ: stigma [΄stigmə] n ˳ñ³Ý, ¹ñáßÙ. the ~ of il-
sticking-plaster [΄stikiŋ‚pla:stə] n ÏåãáõÝ legitimacy ³ÝûñÇݳϳÝáõÃÛ³Ý/³åûñÇÝáõ-
ëå»Õ³ÝÇ: ÃÛ³Ý ¹ñáßÙ:
stickler [΄stiklə] n ѳٳé/íÇ׳ë»ñ ³ÝÓ. stile [stail] n áïݳ¹Çñ (Ù³·Éó»Éáõ ѳٳñ)£
ÙáÉÇ ÏáÕÙݳÏÇó. a ~ for discipline ϳñ- stiletto [sti΄letəu] á ¹³ßáõÛÝÇÏ, ëíÇݳ¹³-
·³å³ÑáõÃÛ³Ý ÙáÉÇ å³ßïå³Ý: ßáõÛÝ. ~ heels ß³ï μ³ñ³Ï/ëáõñ ÏñáõÝÏÝ»ñ:
sticky [΄stiki] a ÏåãáõÝ, Ù³ÍáõóÇÏ. a ~ label still I [stil] n ÉéáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳݹ³ñïáõÃÛáõÝ.
ÏåãáõÝ Ù³ÏÝÇß. ~ fingers/sweets ÏåãáõÝ ÏÇÝáϳ¹ñ. Éáõë³Ýϳñ. in the ~ of the night
Ù³ïÝ»ñ/ù³Õóñ³í»ÝÇù. (Ëáݳí, ïáÃ) ~ ·Çß»ñ³ÛÇÝ ³Ý¹áññáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç. ~s from a
heat Ëáݳí ßá·. It is very ~ today îáà ¿ film ϳ¹ñ»ñ ýÇÉÙÇó:
ÇÝãå»ë μ³ÕÝÇùáõÙ. come to a ~ end ÷Ëμ. still II [stil] n Ãáñ³Ù³Ý, ÃáñÇã, ½ïÇã. ûÕ»·-
í³ï í»ñç³óÝ»É: áñͳñ³Ý:
stiff [stif] a Ïáßï, ϳñÍñ, åÇݹ. ~ cardboard still [stil] a ѳݷÇëï, Ù»ÕÙ, ³ÝÓ³ÛÝ. ³Ý-
åÇݹ ëïí³ñ³ÃáõÕÃ. a ~ collar Ïáßï ûÓÇù. ß³ñÅ, ѳݹ³ñï. a ~ night Ë³Õ³Õ ·Çß»ñ. a
~ lock ¹Åí³ñ μ³óíáÕ ÏáÕå»ù. (÷³Ûï³- ~ surface ѳݹ³ñï ٳϻñ»ë:
ó³Í, ù³ñ³ó³Í) have a ~ neck/back ãûù- still [stil] adv ¹»é, ÙÇÝ㨠³ÛÅÙ, ¹»é¨ë. He ~
íáÕ/÷³Ûï³ó³Í íǽ/Ù»çù. feel ~ ³ÙμáÕç hasn’t come ܳ ¹»é ãÇ »Ï»É. It would be ~ bet-
Ù³ñÙÇÝÁ ó³í»É/ç³ñ¹í»É. ~ with cold/terror ter ²í»ÉÇ É³í ÏÉÇÝ»ñ. ~ more ¿É ³í»ÉÇ. Stand
óñïÇó /í³ËÇó ù³ñ³ó³Í. ~ dough åÇݹ ~ ! ¼·³ëï. keep ~ ãß³ñÅí»É. My heart stood
ËÙáñ. ~ drink Ãáõݹ ËÙÇãù. keep a ~ upper lip ~ êÇñïë ϳݷݻó:
÷Ëμ. ë³éݳëñïáõÃÛáõÝ/ïáÏáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ still [stil] cnj ³ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí. S~ he is my
å³Ñå³Ý»É. ÷Ëμ. û·ï. have a ~ manner friend ²ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí ݳ ÇÙ ÁÝÏ»ñÝ ¿. S~
½áõëå/å³ßïáÝ³Ï³Ý ¹Çñù μéÝ»É. a ~ he doesn’t regret it ²ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí ݳ ãÇ
climb/exam ¹Åí³ñ í»ñ»Éù/ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ re- ³÷ëáëáõÙ ¹ñ³ ѳٳñ:
sistance Ñ³Ù³é ¹ÇÙ³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ price still-born [΄stilbɔ:n] a Ù»é»É³ÍÇÝ (»ñ»Ë³):
μ³ñÓñ ·ÇÝ. bored ~ ËëÏó. ³Ñ³íáñ Ó³ÝÓ- still life [‚stil΄laif] n μݳÝϳñ, ³Ýϻݹ³Ý
ñ³ó³Í. scared ~ Ù³Ñáõ ã³÷ í³Ë»ó³Í: μÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ݳïÛáõñÙáñï:
stiffen [΄stifn] v åݹ³Ý³É, Ïáßï³Ý³É, stillness [΄stilnəs] n ÉéáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳݷëïáõ-
ϳñÍñ³Ý³É. áõŻճݳÉ. The breeze ~ed ÃÛáõÝ, ѳݹ³ñïáõÃÛáõÝ:
ø³ÙÇÝ áõŻճó³í. The starch ~ed úëÉ³Ý still room [΄stilru:m] n Ù³é³Ý. ÃáñÙ³Ý
ϳñÍñ³ó³í/åݹ³ó³í. Resistance ~ed ï»Õ, Ãáñ³ë»ÝÛ³Ï:
¸ÇÙ³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ áõŻճó³í: stilt [stilt] n ÷³Ûï» áïù»ñ, áïݳ÷³Ûï»ñ.
stiff-necked [‚stif΄nekt] a ѳٳé, ϳٳ- walk on ~s áïݳ÷³Ûï»ñáí ù³ÛÉ»É:
Ïáñ: stilted [΄stiltid] a ÷ùáõÝ, ³ÝμݳϳÝ, ßÇÝÍáõ:
stiffness [΄stifnəs] n ÏáßïáõÃÛáõÝ, Ïáåïáõ- stimulant [΄stimjulənt] n ·ñ·éÇã, ËóÝÇã.
ÃÛáõÝ. óÝÓñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ in the joints ÷Ëμ. ïáÝáõëÁ μ³ñÓñ³óÝáÕ ÙÇçáó. ËóÝ, ³½-
stimulate 793 stitch

¹³Ï. á·»ÉÇó ËÙÇãù: íñ³ ͳËë»É. He doesn’t ~ himself ܳ Çñ


stimulate [΄stimjuleit] v ·ñ·é»É, ËóݻÉ, ѳٳñ áãÇÝã ãÇ ËݳÛáõÙ:
Ëñ³Ëáõë»É, ù³ç³É»ñ»É. ~ the appetite stipend [΄staipend] n Ãáß³Ï, Ýå³ëï:
³ËáñųÏÁ ·ñ·é»É: stipulate [΄stipjuleit] v ݳ˳ï»ë»É, å³Û-
stimulating [΄stimjəleitiŋ] a ·ñ·éÇã, Ù³Ý ¹Ý»É, í»ñ³å³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É. The con-
ËóÝÇã, Ëñ³ËáõëáÕ. a ~ remuneration ÝÛáõ- tract ~s ä³Ûٳݳ·ÇñÁ ݳ˳ï»ëáõÙ ¿. ~d
Ã³Ï³Ý Ëñ³Ëáõë³Ýù. ~ lecture ù³ç³É»ñáÕ sum å³Ûٳݳíáñí³Í ·áõÙ³ñÁ. ~d by law
¹³ë³ËáëáõÃÛáõÝ: ûñ»Ýùáí ݳ˳ï»ëí³Í. ~ for the best mate-
stimulus [΄stimjuləs] n ËóÝ, ß³ñųéÇÃ, rials to be used É³í³·áõÛÝ ÝÛáõûñÁ û·-
¹ñ¹³å³ï׳é. ~ object ³ñï³ùÇÝ ËóÝ. ï³·áñÍ»Éáõ å³ÛÙ³Ýáí:
ËóÝÙ³Ý Ýå³ï³ÏÁ/³é³ñϳÝ: stipulation [‚stipju΄lei∫n] n å³ÛÙ³Ý, ѳٳ-
sting [stiŋ] n ˳ÛÃáó. (»ÕÇÝçÇ) Ù³½ÇÏ, Ó³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ. under the ~ that ³ÛÝ å³ÛÙ³Ýáí,
ûÉÇÏ. ~ of a nettle »ÕÇÝçÇ ¹³Õ»ÉÁ. (³ÛñáÕ áñ:
ó³í) ~ of hunger ëáíÇ ï³é³å³ÝùÝ»ñ. ~ s stir [stə:] n Çñ³ñ³ÝóáõÙ, ˳éݳß÷áÃáõ-
of remorse ËÕ×Ç Ë³ÛÃ. ~ of sarcasm ÏÍáõ ÃÛáõÝ, ³ÕÙáõÏ. make/create a ~ ³ÕÙáõÏ
ͳÕñ³Ýù, ËáóáÕ Ñ»·Ý³Ýù: μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É. The news caused quite a ~
sting [stiŋ] v ˳ÛûÉ. ³Ûñ»É, ¹³Õ»É. stung by ÜáñáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ù»Í ³ÕÙáõÏ μ³ñÓñ³óñ»ó.
nettles »ÕÇÝçáí ¹³Õí³Í. The hail stung my (˳éÝáõÙ, ˳éÝ»ÉÁ) give the fire a ~ Ïñ³ÏÁ
face γñÏáõïÁ Ë÷áõÙ ¿ñ ¹»ÙùÇë. The salt ˳éÝ»É:
water stung his eyes ²ÕÇ çñÇó Ýñ³ ³ãù»ñÁ stir [stə:] v ˳éÝ»É. ~ the tea ûÛÁ ˳éÝ»É.
ÙñÙé³óÇÝ. The bite ~s ʳÛÃáóÁ ³ÛñáõÙ ¿. keep ~ ing ß³ñáõÝ³Ï»É Ë³éÝ»É. (ûè³ÏÇ
Eyes ~ from the smoke ²ãù»ñÁ ÍËÇó ³ÛñíáõÙ ß³ñÅ»É) The breeze ~red the leaves ¼»÷ÛáõéÁ
»Ý. ËëÏó. ˳μ»É, åÉáÏ»É. How much did they ß³ñÅáõÙ ¿ñ ï»ñ¨Ý»ñÁ. (ß³ñÅí»É) ~ in one’s
~ you ? ø»½ÝÇó ÇÝãù³±Ý åÉáÏ»óÇÝ: sleep ùÝÇ Ù»ç ß³ñÅí»É. I haven’t ~red all day
stinging [΄stiŋiŋ] a ˳ÛÃáÕ, ³ÛñáÕ, ¹³ÕáÕ. ²ÙμáÕç ûñÁ ï»ÕÇóë ã»Ù ß³ñÅí»É. nobody
÷Ëμ. ÏÍáõ, Ãáõݹ, ˳ÛÃáÕ. ~ cut ³ÛñáÕ was ~ring àã áù ã¿ñ ß³ñÅíáõÙ. ´áÉáñÁ ùݳÍ
í»ñù. a ~ remark ÃáõÝáï/˳ÛÃáÕ ³ÏݳñÏ: ¿ÇÝ. ÷Ëμ. (Ñáõ½»É, ß³ñÅ»É) We were ~red by
stingy [΄stindзi] a Åɳï, ³Õù³ïÇÏ. ~ with his speech Üñ³ ׳éÁ Ù»½ Ñáõ½»ó. ~ up trou-
money Åɳï: ble ³ÝѳݷëïáõÃÛáõÝ ³é³ç³óÝ»É. ~ up
stink [stiŋk] n ·³ñß³ÑáïáõÃÛáõÝ, í³ï Ñáï: passions Ïñù»ñ μáñμáù»É:
stink [stiŋk] v ·³ñß³ÑáïáõÃÛáõÝ/í³ï Ñáï stirring [΄stə:riŋ] 1. n ûè ß³ñÅáõÙ.
³ñӳϻÉ. ËëÏó. Ñáï ³éÝ»É/½·³É. ~ of fish ËéáíáõÃÛáõÝ. 2. a Ñáõ½Çã, Ñáõ½ÙáõÝù ³é³-
ÓÏ³Ý ïѳ×/í³ï Ñáï ·³É. His breath ~s of ç³óÝáÕ. a ~ tale ³ñϳͳÛÇÝ å³ïÙí³Íù.
garlic ´»ñ³ÝÇó ëËïáñÇ Ñáï ¿ ·³ÉÇë. The ~ times éáÙ³ÝïÇÏ ¹³ñ/³ßñç³Ý:
whole business ~s ÷Ëμ. ê³ Ï»Õïáï ·áñÍ ¿, stirrup [΄stirəp] n ³ëå³Ý¹³Ï:
ì³ï Ñáï ¿ ·³ÉÇë: stitch [stit∫] n ϳñ, ÙÇ Ï³ñ. (·áñÍ»ÉÇë) ÙÇ
stinker [΄stiŋkə] n ËëÏó. ëñÇϳ. a ~ ³Ý³- ѳï/ûÕ³Ï. drop/pick/take up a ~ ѳïÁ
Ùáà ݳٳÏ. The exam was a ~ øÝÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÃáÕÝ»É/ѳí³ù»É. μÅßÏ. ϳñ. put a ~ in
³Ñ³íáñ ¿ñ: (í»ñùÇÝ) ϳñ ¹Ý»É. take out the ~ ϳñ»ñÁ
stinking [΄stiŋkiŋ] a ·³ñß³Ñáï, ½½í»ÉÇ. a ѳݻÉ. haven’t a ~ on ÉñÇí Ù»ñÏ ÉÇÝ»É. have
~ cold ÷Ëμ., ËëÏó. ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ Ñ³ñμáõË. no dry ~ on ÙÇÝ㨠áëÏáñÝ»ñÁ Ãñçí»É. be in
~ rich ³Ý»ñ¨³Ï³Û»ÉÇ Ñ³ñáõëï: ~es ÍÇͳÕÇó ÃáõɳݳÉ. A ~ in time saves
stint [stint] n ë³Ñٳݳ÷³ÏáõÙ, ã³÷³íá- nine ¶áñÍÁ ųٳݳÏÇÝ ³Ý»ÉÁ ÙdzÛÝ
ñáõÙ. ËëÏó. ã³÷³μ³ÅÇÝ, ÝáñÙ. ÝáñÙ³. do û·áõï Ïμ»ñÇ:
a daily ~ in the factory ý³μñÇϳÛáõÙ ûñ³Ï³Ý stitch [stit∫] n ëáõñ ó³í, ͳÏáó. I’ve got a ~
ÝáñÙ³Ý Ï³ï³ñ»É. without ~ ãËݳۻÉ, ÎáÕùë ͳÏáõÙ ¿:
³é³Ýó ËݳۻÉáõ: stitch [stit∫] v ϳñ»É, ³ë»Õݳ·áñÍ»É. ~ a but-
stint [stint] v ã³÷³íáñ»É, ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï»É, ton Ïá×³Ï Ï³ñ»É. μÅßÏ. stitch a ~ í»ñùÁ
ËݳۻÉ. ~ on drink ³÷ëáë³É ÷áÕÁ ËÙÇãùÇ Ï³ñ»É:
stoat 794 stone

stoat [stəut] n ëåÇï³Ï Ͻ³ùÇë: stocking [΄stɒkiŋ] n ·áõÉå³. a pair of ~s ÙÇ


stock I [stɒk] n å³ß³ñ, ÑÇÙݳå³ß³ñ, ½áõÛ· ·áõÉå³. in one’s ~ feet ÙdzÛÝ ·áõÉå³
ýáݹ. ³ñÅ»ÃáõÕÃ. basic ~ of words ѳ·³Í:
ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý μ³é³å³ß³ñ/μ³é³ýáݹ. sur- stockinged [΄stɒkiŋd] a ·áõÉå³ Ñ³·³Í,
plus ~ ³åñ³ÝùÇ ³í»ÉóáõÏ. ~ of spares ·áõÉå³Ý»ñáí:
å³Ñ»ëï³Ù³ë»ñÇ å³ß³ñ. housing ~ stock-in-trade [‚stɒkin΄treid] n ë³ñù³-
μݳÏýáݹ. have in ~ å³Ñ»ëïáõÙ áõݻݳÉ. íáñáõÙ, ë³ñù. ÑÇÙÝ³Ï³Ý Ï³åÇï³É:
~ in hand ³éÓ»éÝ/Ó»éùÇ ï³Ï áõݻݳÉ. out stock-jobber [΄stɒk‚dзɒbə] n μáñë³ÛÇÝ
of ~ í³×³éí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. capital ~/~ capital ã³ñ³ß³Ñ/ëå»ÏáõÉÛ³Ýï:
μ³ÅÝ»ïÇñ³Ï³Ý ¹ñ³Ù³·ÉáõË. lay in ~ stock-list [΄stɒklist] n μáñë³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Õáñ¹³-
å³ß³ñ ï»ëÝ»É. (·áõÛù) take ~ ·áõÛù³·ñ»É. ûñÃ:
(³ñÅ»ÃÕûñ, μ³ÅÝ»ïáÙë»ñ) ~ holder stock-man [΄stɒkmən] n ³Ý³ëݳå³Ñ,
μ³ÅÝ»ïáÙë»ñ/³ñÅ»ÃÕûñ áõÝ»óáÕ ³ÝÓ, ³Ý³ëݳμáõÛÍ:
μ³ÅÝ»ï»ñ. The ~s are going up ²ñÅ»ÃÕûñÇ stock-still [‚stɒk΄stil] a ³Ýß³ñÅ, Ù»Ëí³Í:
·ÇÝÁ μ³ñÓñ³ÝáõÙ ¿. ~s and shares stocky [΄stɒki] a ϳñ׳ѳë³Ï ¨ ³Ùñ³-
³ñÅ»ÃÕûñ ¨ μ³ÅÝ»ïáÙë»ñ. sell out ~ ³ñ- ϳ½Ù:
Å»ÃÕûñ í³×³é»É. ~ broker ³ñÅ»ÃÕûñÇ stock yard [΄stɒkja:d] n ³Ý³ëݳμ³Ï,
í³×³é³ÙÇçáó. μ³ÅÝ»ïÇñ³Ï³Ý ϳåÇ- ³Ý³ëݳÝáó:
ï³É (·áõÛù) (ݳ¨ joint ~) live ~ ϻݹ³ÝÇ stodgy [΄stɒdзi] a ËëÏó. ͳÝñ, ¹Åí³ñ³-
·áõÛù, ³Ý³ëáõÝÝ»ñ. dead ~ Ù»é³Í ·áõÛù. Ù³ñë. ÷Ëμ. ËñÃÇÝ, Ó³ÝÓñ³ÉÇ:
take ~ of áõß³¹Çñ ¹Çï»É. put/take ~ in íëï³- stoic(al) [΄stəuik(l)] a ëïáÇÏÛ³Ý ÷ÇÉ.
Ñ»É, ѳí³ï ÁÝͳۻÉ. ~ and block ³ÙμáÕç Ñ»ï¨áñ¹:
·áõÛùÁ, ³ÙμáÕçáõÃÛ³Ùμ. rolling ~ »ñÏÃ. stoicism [΄stəuisiz(ə)m] n ëïáÇóǽ٠(÷ÇÉ.):
ß³ñÅíáÕ ·Ý³óù: stoke [stəuk] v í³é»ÉÇù ³í»É³óÝ»É. Ïñ³ÏÁ
stock II [stɒk] n μáõÝ, Ïá×Õ. ·Õï. å³ïí³- í³é å³Ñ»É. ~ up the stove ÷³Ûï/³ÍáõË
ëï³óáõ. (ïáÑÙ, ͳ·áõÙ) of a good ~ ɳí ÁÝ- ·ó»É í³é³ñ³ÝÇ Ù»ç:
ï³ÝÇùÇó. of Irish ~ ͳ·áõÙáí Çéɳݹ³óÇ. stokehold [΄stəukhəuld] n ÑÝáó, ÑÝáó³ñ³Ý.
(ѻݳñ³Ý) ~ of rifle Ññ³ó³ÝÇ ÏáÃ. ~ and ϳÃë³Û³ïáõÝ:
barrel ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã. μáÉáñÝ ³ÝËïÇñ/³ÙμáÕ- stoker [΄stəukə] n ÑÝáó³å³Ý:
çáõÃÛ³Ùμ. laughing ~ ÍÇͳÕÇ ³é³ñϳ£ stolid [΄stɒlid] a ë³éݳñÛáõÝ, ѳí³ë³ñ³-
stock [stɒk] a ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý, ëï³Ý¹³ñï ~ Ïßéí³Í:
size ëï³Ý¹³ñ¹ ã³÷ë/ϳ½Ùí³Íù. ~ reper- stomach [΄stΛmək] n ëï³Ùáùë. ËëÏó. ÷áñ.
toire óïñ. Ý»ñϳ۳óáõÙÝ»ñÇ ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý ³ËáñųÏ. a pain in the ~, ~ ache ëï³ÙáùëÇ
ó³ÝÏ (é»å»ñïáõ³ñ) áõݻݳÉ. (³ÝѳÙ, ó³í, ÷áñ³ó³í. on an empty ~ ù³Õó³Í
ß³μÉáÝ, ͳÙÍÙí³Í) a ~ phrase ß³μÉáÝ/ ÷áñÇÝ. ~ pump ëï³ÙáùëÇ ½áݹ. ~ upset
Í»Íí³Í ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÃÛáõÝ: ëï³ÙáùëÇ Ë³Ý·³ñáõÙ. stay one’s ~ ù³ÕóÁ
stock [stɒk] v å³ß³ñ»É, Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñ»É. ~ Ù»ÕÙ³óÝ»É. turn one’s ~ ëñï˳éÝáõù áõÝ»-
with provisions ëÝݹ³Ùûñùáí Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³- ݳÉ. ËëÏó. (ѳÏáõÙ, ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ) ha-
ñ»É. Do you ~ large sizes? Ø»Í ã³÷ë»ñ ve no ~ ó³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ ãáõݻݳÉ:
áõÝ»±ù. ~ up with sugar ß³ù³ñÇ å³ß³ñ stomach [΄stΛmək] v ³ËáñųÏáí áõï»É.
ѳí³ù»É, ß³ù³ñ å³Ñ»ëï³íáñ»É: ÷Ëμ., ËëÏó. (ï³Ý»É, ѳݹáõñÅ»É) I can’t ~
stockade [stɒ΄keid] n ó³Ýϳå³ïÝ»ß: cruelty ¸³Å³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ã»Ù ϳñáÕ ï³Ý»É:
stock-breeder [΄stɒk‚bri:də] n ³Ý³ëݳ- stone [stəun] n ù³ñ. (Ùñ·Ç/åïÕÇ) Ïáñǽ.
μáõÛÍ: heavy/hard/precious ~ ͳÝñ/³Ùáõñ/óÝϳñ-
stock exchange [΄stɒkiks‚t∫eindз] n Å»ù ù³ñ. a heap of ~s ù³ñÇ ÏáõÛï,
ýáݹ³ÛÇÝ μáñë³. prices on the ~ μáñë³ÛÇ ù³ñ³ÏáõÛï. meteoric ~ »ñÏݳù³ñ. head ~
·Ý»ñÁ: ³ÝÏÛáõݳù³ñ, ÑÇÙݳù³ñ. rolling ~ ÷Ëμ.
stock-farm [΄stɒkfa:m] n ³Ý³ëݳå³Ñ³- ³ÝѳݷÇëï/³Ý¹³¹ñáõÙ Ù³ñ¹. hail ~
Ï³Ý ïÝï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ/ý»ñÙ³: ϳñÏï³Ñ³ïÇÏ. stumble over a ~ ù³ñÇ íñ³
stone 795 stopping

ë³Ûóù»É. mark with a white ~ »ñç³ÝÇÏ í»ñç³óÝ»É. ³í³ñï»É. full ~ ù»ñ. í»ñç³-
ûñ/Çñ³¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝ Ý߳ݳíáñ»É. leave no Ï»ï. the bus ~ ³íïáμáõëÇ Ï³Ý·³é. a re-
~ unturn ÷Ëμ. ³Ù»Ý Ñݳñ³íáñ μ³Ý ³Ý»É. quest ~ å³ïí»ñáí ϳݷ³é. without a ~ ³Ý-
harden into ~ ù³ñ³Ý³É. ~ quarry ù³ñѳÝù. ¹³¹³ñ. ³é³Ýó ϳݷ³éÇ. pull out all the
the S~ Age ù³ñ» ¹³ñ. No ~ was left standing ~s ÷Ëμ. μáÉáñ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÁ ·áñÍÇ ¹Ý»É. ~ in-
ø³ñÁ ù³ñÇ íñ³ ãÙݳó. a heart of ~ ÷Ëμ. struction ÑÙÏñ·. ϳݷ³éÇ Ññ³Ù³Ý:
ù³ñëÇñï. kill two birds with one ~ ÙÇ stop [stɒp] v ϳݷݻÉ, ϳݷ ³éÝ»É. ϳݷ-
Ïñ³Ïáóáí »ñÏáõ ݳå³ëï³Ï ëå³Ý»É. Ý»óÝ»É. The train ~ped ¶Ý³óùÁ ϳݷ ³é³í.
within a ~s throw ß³ï Ùáï, »ñÏáõ ù³ÛÉÇ The clock has ~ped ijٳóáõÛóÁ Ï³Ý·Ý»É ¿. ~
íñ³. (ͳÝñáõÃÛ³Ý ã³÷) ëÃááõÝ (Ùáï 6. 35 an eágine/progress/ traffic ß³ñÅÇãÁ/³é³çÁÝ-
Ï·). óóÁ/»ñè»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ ϳݷݻóÝ»É. It ~ped
stone [stəun] v ë³É³ñÏ»É. ù³ñáí å³ï»É. raining ²ÝÓñ¨Á ¹³¹³ñ»ó. S ~ complaining
ù³ñÏáÍ»É. (åïáõÕÁ) Ïáñǽ³Ñ³Ý ³Ý»É. ~ ´áÕáùÝ»ñǹ í»ñç ïáõñ. The pain has ~ped
plums ë³ÉáñÁ Ïáñǽ³Ñ³Ý ³Ý»É. ~d cherries ò³íÝ ³Ýó³í. (Ëó³Ý»É, ÷³Ï»É) ~ one’s ears
³é³Ýó ÏáñÇ½Ç μ³É. ~ to death ù³ñÏáÍ»Éáí ³Ï³ÝçÝ»ñÁ Ëó³Ý»É. ~ a tooth ³ï³ÙÁ
ëå³Ý»É: ÉóÝ»É. ~ a hole ³ÝóùÁ ÷³Ï»É. (ËáãÁݹáï»É,
stone blind [‚stəun΄blaind] a ÉñÇí ÏáõÛñ: ˳ݷ³ñ»É) There is no ~ping him Üñ³Ý
stone-broke [‚stəun΄brəuk] a ÉñÇí ëݳÝϳ- Ñݳñ³íáñ 㿠ϳݷݻóÝ»É/˳ݷ³ñ»É. He
ó³Í: ~ped it happening ܳ ¹³ ϳë»óñ»ó/ÃáõÛÉ
stone-cold [‚stəun΄kəuld] a ß³ï ë³éÁ. ãïí»ó, áñ ï»ÕÇ áõݻݳ. (¹³¹³ñ»óÝ»É) We
stone-dead [‚stəun΄ded] a Ù»é³Í. ~ped work in protest àñå»ë μáÕáùÇ ÙÇçnó
stone-deaf [‚stəun΄def] a μáÉáñáíÇÝ ËáõÉ. Ù»Ýù ¹³¹³ñ»óñÇÝù ³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ. ~ the
stone-mason [΄stəun‚meisn] n ù³ñï³ß – noise! ¸³¹³ñ»óñ»°ù ³ÕÙáõÏÁ. S~ it at once!
²ÝÙÇç³å»ë í»ñç ïí»°ù, The scholarship was
áñÙݳ¹Çñ. Ù³ëáÝ:
~ped Âáß³ÏÇ í׳ñáõÙÁ ¹³¹³ñ»óí»ó. ~ a
stone-pit [΄stəunpit] n ù³ñѳÝù:
cheque ¹³¹³ñ»óÝ»É ã»ÏÇ í׳ñáõÙÁ. (Ç稳-
stone-ware [΄stəunweə] n Ï³í» ³Ù³Ý»Õ»Ý:
Ý»É, ϳݷ ³éÝ»É, ÙݳÉ) ~ at a hotel ÑÛáõñ³-
stone-work [΄stəunwə:k] n ù³ñ³Ï³éáõÛó,
ÝáóáõÙ Ç稳ݻÉ/ϳݷ ³éÝ»É. ~ at home
ù³ñÇ áñÙ³Íù:
ï³ÝÁ ÙݳÉ, ï³ÝÇó ¹áõñë ã·³É. I’m ~ping
stony [΄stəuni] a ù³ñáï, ù³ñù³ñáï. ÷Ëμ. at home ºë ï³ÝÝ »Ù ÙÝáõÙ. ~ behind Ñ»ï
³Ý·áõÃ, ³Ý½·³. ³Ýß³ñÅ, ù³ñ Ïïñ³Í.
ÙݳÉ/å³Ñ»É. ~ by ³ÝóÝ»É, ³Ûó»É»É, ÙïÝ»É.
ë³éÁ, ë³é³Í:
I’ll ~ by on my way home îáõÝ ·Ý³ÉÇë
stool [stu:l] n ³Ãáé³Ï (ï³μáõñ»ï). piano ~ ÏÙïݻ٠ù»½ Ùáï. ~ up Ëó³Ý»É, ÷³Ï»É. ~
åïáõï³Ï³íáñ ³Ãáé. folding ~ ͳÉíáÕ/
up a hole/bottle ³ÝóùÁ/ßÇßÁ ÷³Ï»É. My nose
ͳÉáíÇ ³Ãáé³Ï. fall between two ~s ÷Ëμ.
is ~ped up øÇÃë μéÝí»É ¿. (ãå³éÏ»É ùÝ»Éáõ)
ÁÝÏÝ»É »ñÏáõ ³Ãáé³ÏÇ ÙÇç¨ Ýëï»Éáí£
Don’t ~ up, I’ll be late ÆÝÓ ÙÇ ëå³ë»ù, å³é-
stool-pigeon [΄stu:lpidзən] n ËëÏó. Éñï»ë, Ï»ù ùÝ»Éáõ, »ë áõß Ï·³Ù:
áëïÇÏ³Ý³Ï³Ý Éñ³ïáõ: stopcock [΄stɒpkɒk] n ï»Ë. ÷³ÏÇã Íáñ³Ï:
stoop [stu:p] v Ïé³Ý³É, Ïáñ³Ý³É. Ïé³óÝ»É, stop-gap [΄stɒpgæp] 1. n ųٳݳϳíáñ
Ïáñ³óÝ»É. ~ down to pick up flowers Ïé³Ý³É ÷á˳ñÇÝáÕ. 2. a ųٳݳϳíáñ:
ͳÕÇÏÝ»ñ ù³Õ»É. ÷Ëμ. (½Çç»É, ëïáñ³Ý³É) stopover [΄stɒp‚əuvə] n ϳݷݻóáõÙ,
I would never ~ to that ºë ³Û¹ ³ëïÇ×³Ý ã»Ù ϳݷ³é:
ÇçÝÇ: stoppage [΄stɒpidз] n ¹³¹³ñ, ÁݹѳïáõÙ,
stooping [΄ stu:piŋ] a Ïáñ³Ù»çù. Ïáõ½ÇÏ: ÁݹÙÇçáõÙ. »ñè»ÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ëó³ÝáõÙ. work ~
stop [stɒp] n ϳݷ³é. ÁݹÙÇçáõÙ. í»ñç, ³- ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ ¹³¹³ñ»óáõÙ, ÁݹÙÇçáõÙ. ~
í³ñï. »ñÅß. (÷áÕ³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍ.) ϳ÷áõÛñ. of payments í׳ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ¹³¹³ñáõÙ:
(»ñ·»ÑáÝ) é»·Çëïñ. É»½í. å³ÛÃ³Ï³Ý stopper [΄stɒpə] n Ëó³Ý, ë»å. put a ~ to smth
μ³Õ³Ó³ÛÝ. bring to a ~ ϳݷݻóÝ»É. come ËëÏó. áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ í»ñç ¹Ý»É:
to a ~ ϳݷݻÉ, ϳݷ ³éÝ»É. make a ~ stopping [΄stɒpiŋ] n ³ï³ÙݳÉÇó, ³ï³ÙÇ
ϳݷݻÉ, ϳݷ ³éÝ»É. put a ~ to í»ñç ï³É, åÉáÙμ:
stop press 796 story

stop press [΄stɒppres] n ³ñï³Ï³ñ· ѳÕáñ- ñ³Ýáó. ·³ÝÓ³ñ³Ý:


¹³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ: store keeper [΄stɔ:‚ki:pə] n å³Ñ»ëï³-
stop watch [΄stɒpwɒt∫] n í³Ûñϻݳã³÷: å»ï:
storage [΄stɔ:ridз] n å³ÑáõÙ, å³Ñ»ÉÁ. Ùû- store-room [΄stɔ:ru:m] n Ù³é³Ý. é½Ù.
ñ³Ýnó, å³Ñ»ëï. cold ~ ë³éݳñ³Ý. ë³é- é³½Ù³Ï³Ý å³Ñ»ëï. Çñ³å³Ñ»ëï:
ݳñ³ÝáõÙ å³Ñ»ÉÁ. put smth into ~ å³Ñ- storey [΄stɔ:ri] n ѳñÏ, ѳñϳμ³ÅÇÝ. two ~
å³ÝÙ³Ý Ñ³ÝÓÝ»É. ~ facilities å³Ñ»ëïÝ»ñ. house »ñÏѳñϳÝÇ ïáõÝ/ß»Ýù. the upper ~
~ tank ßï»Ù³ñ³Ý, ³Ùμ³ñ. ÑÙÏñ·. storage í»ñÇÝ Ñ³ñÏ. ÏïÏ. ·ÉáõË, Ë»Éù. a little wrong
ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ allocation ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛ³Ý in the upper ~ ÷Ëμ. ͳÉÁ å³Ï³ë, ÙÇ ùÇã
μ³ßËáõÙ. ~ area ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛ³Ý ïÇñáõÛÃ. ~ ˳Ëïí³Í:
class ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛ³Ý ¹³ë. ~ device ÑÇß³ë³ñù. storied [΄stɔ:rid] a ѳñϳÝÇ:
~ key ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛ³Ý μ³Ý³ÉÇ. ~ pool ÑÇßá- stork [stɔ:k] n ϻݹ. ³ñ³·ÇÉ:
ÕáõÃÛ³Ý ¹ÇݳÙÇÏ ïÇñáõÛÃ. ~ protection ÑÇ- storm [stɔ:m] n ÷áÃáñÇÏ, ÙññÇÏ. ÷Ëμ.
ßáÕáõÃÛ³Ý å³ßïå³Ýí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ struc- Ñá·»Ï³Ý Ñáõ½ÙáõÝù, ³É»ÏáÍáõÃÛáõÝ. snow ~
ture ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñÇ Ý»ñϳ۳óáõÙÁ ÑÇßáÕáõ- μáõù. a thunder ~ ³Ùåñáå. a ~ of applause
ÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç. ~-to-register instruction “ÑÇßáÕáõ- ÷Ëμ. ÷áÃáñϳÉÇó ͳ÷»ñ. a ~ of indigna-
ÃÛáõÝ-é»·Çëïñ” ïÇåÇ Ññ³Ñ³Ý·. ~- to-stor- tion ½³ÛñáõÛÃÇ åáéÃÏáõÙ. a ~ in a tea cup
age instruction “ ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝ-ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝ” ÷áÃáñÇÏ ÙÇ μ³Å³Ï çñáõÙ. é½Ù. (·ñáÑ) take
ïÇåÇ Ññ³Ñ³Ý·. ~ unit ÑÇß³ë³ñù: by ~ ·ñáÑáí í»ñóÝ»É. ~ troops ·ñáÑÇã
store [stɔ:] n å³ß³ñ. emergency ~ ³ÝÓ»éÝ- çáϳïÝ»ñ:
ÙË»ÉÇ å³ß³ñ. have in ~ å³Ñ»ëïáõÙ/å³- storm [stɔ:m] v ÷áÃáñÏ»É. ÷Ëμ. ÙáÉ»·Ý»É,
ß³ñáõÙ áõݻݳÉ. have a surprise in ~ ·³½³½»É. é½Ù. ·ñáÑ»É. ~ the building ·ñáÑ»É
³Ýëå³ë»ÉÇ ³Ý³ÏÝϳÉ/ëÛáõñåñǽ áõÝ»- ß»ÝùÁ. ~ at smb Ù»ÏÇ íñ³ ½³Ûñ³ó³Í μÕ³-
ݳÉ. ~s of food ëÝÝ¹Ç å³ß³ñÝ»ñ. set ~ by í»É. ~ out of the room ë»ÝÛ³ÏÇó ½³Ûñ³ó³Í
smn’s opinions ϳñÍÇùÁ ѳßíÇ ³éÝ»É. What ¹áõñë ÷³Ëã»É:
does the future hold in ~ for us ÷Ëμ. ƱÝã ¿ stormbeaten [΄stɔ:mbi:tn] a ÑáÕٳͻÍ.
Ù»½ ëå³ëáõÙ ³å³·³ÛáõÙ. (å³Ñ»ëï, ˳- ÑáÕٳѳñ. ÷Ëμ. ÏÛ³ÝùÇ Ñ³ñí³ÍÝ»ñ
ÝáõÃ) chain ~s ÙǨÝáõÛÝ Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛ³ÝÁ Ïñ³Í:
å³ïϳÝáÕ Ù³Ýñ³Í³Ë ˳ÝáõÃÝ»ñÇ storm-bird [΄stɔ:mbə:d] n Ùññϳѳí (ݳ¨
ó³Ýó. mail - order ~ ÷áëïáí ³é¨ïáõñ storm-finch, storm-petrel):
³ÝáÕ Ë³ÝáõÃ. the village ~ ·ÛáõÕ³Ï³Ý storm-bound [΄stɔ:mbaund] a Íáí.
˳ÝáõÃ. discount ~ ¿Å³Ý³ó³Í ·Ý»ñáí ÷áÃáñÏÇ Ù»ç μéÝí³Í/ϳݷ ³é³Í:
³åñ³ÝùÝ»ñÇ Ë³ÝáõÃ. general ~(s) ѳÝ- storm-cloud [΄stɔ:mklaud] n ³Ùåñáå³-
ñ³Ë³ÝáõÃ. department ~ ѳÝñ³Ë³ÝáõÃ: μ»ñ/Ùññϳμ»ñ ³Ùå:
store [stɔ:] v (ݳ¨ ~ away) Ùûñ»É, å³ß³ñ storm-finch [΄stɔ:mfint∫], storm-petrel
ï»ëÝ»É/³Ý»É. The wine is ~d in the cellar [΄stɔ:mpetrəl] n ï»°ë storm-bird:
¶ÇÝÇÝ å³ÑíáõÙ ¿ Ù³é³ÝáõÙ. ~ up apples for stormy [΄stɔ:mi] a ÷áÃáñÏáï, ÷áÃáñϳÛÇó,
the winter ÓÙ»éí³ Ñ³Ù³ñ ËÝÓáñ Ùûñ»É. ~ ÙññϳÉÇó. ÷Ëμ. ѳËáõéÝ, μáõéÝ, ÙáÉ»·ÇÝ.
well ɳí å³Ñå³Ýí»É. (ÉóÝ»É, ѳñëï³ó- a ~ sky ÷áÃáñϳÉÇó »ñÏÇÝù. a ~ sea
Ý»É) ~ one’s mind with knowledge ÷Ëμ. ÙÇï- ÷áÃáñÏáï Íáí. a ~ crossing ÙññϳÍáõ÷
ùÁ ·Çï»ÉÇùÝ»ñáí ѳñëï³óÝ»É. ÑÙÏñ·. ³ÝóáõÙ. a ~ discussion μáõéÝ ùÝݳñÏáõÙ:
å³Ñ»É/Ïáõï³Ï»É (ÇÝýáñÙ³ódz). ~-and- stormy petrel [΄stɔmipetrəl] n ϻݹ.
forward transmission ÙÇç³ÝÏÛ³É Ïáõï³- Ùññϳѳí£
ÏáõÙáí ÷á˳ÝóáõÙ£ story [΄stɔ:ri] n å³ïÙí³Íù, å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ.
stored-program computer [΄stɔ:(r)d thrilling/dull/ funny ~ Ñáõ½Çã/³ÝÑ»ï³ùñùÇñ,
prəugræm kəm΄pju:tə] ÑÙÏñ·. å³ÑíáÕ ï³ÕïϳÉÇó/ÍÇͳջÉÇ å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ. ac-
Íñ³·ñáí ѳٳϳñ·Çã. ~ procedure cording to his ~ Áëï Ýñ³ å³ïÙ³ÍÇ. as the ~
å³Ñ»ëï³íáñí³Í ÁÝóó³Ï³ñ·: goes ÇÝãå»ë ³ëáõÙ »Ý. make a long ~ short
storehouse [΄stɔ:haus] n å³Ñ»ëï, Ùû- ϳñ× ³ë³Í, ÙÇ Ëáëùáí. It’s quite another ~
story-book 797 strain

ê³ μáÉáñáíÇÝ ³ÛÉ μ³Ý ¿/ѳñó ¿. the same ·áñͳñùáõÙ ³½ÝÇí. (ϳÝáݳíáñ, ϳñ·ÇÝ)
old ~ ÙÇßï ÝáõÛÝ å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝÁ. Stop telling put a room ~ ë»ÝÛ³ÏÁ ϳñ·Ç μ»ñ»É. put one’s
stories! лùdzÃÝ»ñ ÙÇ° å³ïÙÇñ. ·ñÏ. papers ~ ÃÕûñÁ ϳñ·Ç μ»ñ»É. (³Ý˳éÝ,
(å³ïÙí³Íù, íÇå³Ï) fairy ~ Ñ»ùdzÃ. short ½áõï, å³ñ½) a ~ whisky Ù³ùáõñ íÇëÏÇ. a ~
~ ϳñ× å³ïÙí³Íù, Ýáí»É. cock - and - bull part óïñ. ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý ¹»ñ. a ~ fight ³½ÝÇí
~ ÑݳñáíÇ μ³Ý. a gross/naughty/dirty ~ ³Ý- å³Ûù³ñ:
å³ïß³× ³Ý»Ï¹áï. a detective ~ ³ñϳͳ- straight [streit] adv (ݳ¨ ~ away) áõÕÕ³ÏÇ,
ÛÇÝ í»å. a true ~ Çñ³Ï³Ý å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ. the ³ÝÙÇç³å»ë, áõÕÇÕ. go ~ home áõÕÇÕ/³ÝÙÇ-
~ of the film ýÇÉÙÇ ëÛáõÅ»Ý. Ù³ÙáõÉ (Éñ³- ç³å»ë ïáõÝ ·Ý³É. come ~ to the point ³Ý-
·ñ³ÛÇÝ ÝÛáõÃ) cover the ~ é»åáñï³Å ÙÇç³å»ë ·áñÍÇ ¿áõÃÛ³ÝÝ ³ÝóÝ»É. come
³Ý»É/ѳÕáñ¹»É: back ~ away ³ÝÙÇç³å»ë í»ñ³¹³éݳÉ. tell
story-book [΄stɔ:ribuk] n å³ïÙí³Íù- smn ~ out áõÕÇÕ/áõÕÕ³Ùïáñ»Ý »ñ»ëÇÝ ³-
Ý»ñÇ/Ñ»ùdzÃÝ»ñÇ ÅáÕáí³Íáõ: ë»É. ~ off ³ÝÙÇç³å»ë, ³é³Ýó Ùï³Í»Éáõ,
story-teller [΄stɔ:ri‚telə] n Ñ»ùdzóë³ó. walk/stand ~ áõÕÇÕ ù³ÛÉ»É/ϳݷݻÉ. shoot ~
÷Ëμ. ëáõïÉÇÏ, ëáõï³ë³Ý: ³Ýíñ»å Ïñ³Ï»É:
stout [staut] a Ù³ñÙÝ»Õ, ·»ñ, å³ñ³ñï. get/ straighten [΄streitn] v áõÕÕ(í)»É, ϳñ·Ç
grow ~ ·Çñ³Ý³É, ã³Õ³Ý³É. (³Ùáõñ, åÇݹ) μ»ñ»É. ~ a piece of wire/the road ɳñÇ ÏïáñÝ
of ~ build ³Ùáõñ ϳéáõóí³Íùáí. ~ shoes áõÕÕ»É, ׳ݳå³ñÑÝ áõÕÕ»É. ~ the picture
³Ùáõñ/¹ÇÙ³óÏáõÝ ÏáßÇÏÝ»ñ ~ stick/coat ÝϳñÝ áõÕÕ»É. ~ one’s back Ù»çùÝ áõÕÕ»É. ~
³Ùáõñ Ó»éݳ÷³Ûï. ѳëï í»ñ³ñÏáõ. a ~ out one’s ideas Ùïù»ñÁ ϳñ·Ç μ»ñ»É. ~ out a
rope ѳëï å³ñ³Ý. a ~ fellow ÷Ëμ. ù³ç/ misunderstanding ÃÛáõñÇÙ³óáõÃÛáõÝÁ ßïÏ»É:
Ëǽ³Ë Ù³ñ¹. ~ resistance Ñ³Ù³é ¹ÇÙ³¹- straightforward [‚streit΄fɔ:wəd] a áõÕÇÕ,
ñáõÃÛáõÝ: ßÇï³Ï, ³½ÝÇí. a ~ man áõÕÕ³ÙÇï Ù³ñ¹. a
stove [stəuv] n í³é³ñ³Ý, ËáѳÝáóÇ ë³Éû- ~ answer ßÇï³Ï å³ï³ë˳Ý:
ç³Ë: straightway [΄streitwei] adv ³ÝÙÇç³å»ë:
stow [stəu] v ѳí³ù»É, ï»Õ³íáñ»É. ÉÇùÁ strain I [strein] n Ó·áõÙ, ɳñáõÙ, åñÏáõÙ. the
ÉóÝ»É. ¹³ñë»É, ¹³ë³íáñ»É. ~ clothes in a ~ on a rope å³ñ³ÝÇ Ó·áõÙÁ/ɳñáõÙÁ. put a ~
suitcase ßáñ»ñÁ ׳ÙåñáõÏÇ Ù»ç ¹³ë³íá- on the beam ѻͳÝÁ ͳÝñ³μ»éÝ»É. (ɳñáõÙ,
ñ»É. ~ away å³Ñ»É. ³ÝïáÙë ׳Ù÷áñ¹»É. ~ ɳñí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ) bear the ~ ɳñí³ÍáõÃÛ³ÝÁ
the boxes away in the cellar ³ñÏÕÝ»ñÁ ¹ÇٳݳÉ. break under the ~ ɳñí³ÍáõÃÛ³ÝÁ
Ù³é³ÝáõÙ å³Ñ»É: ã¹ÇٳݳÉ. mental ~ Ùï³íáñ ɳñí³Íáõ-
stowaway [΄stəuəwei] n ³ÝïáÙë áõÕ¨áñ ÃÛáõÝ. put under a heavy ~ Ù»Í É³ñí³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý
(ѳïÏ. ݳíáõÙ): ï³Ï ¹Ý»É. a ~ on the heart/nerves/muscles
straggle [΄strægl] v ³ÝϳÝáÝ/óÇñáõó³Ý ëñïÇ/ÝÛ³ñ¹»ñÇ íñ³ μ»é/μ»éÝí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ.
ÁÝÏÝ»É. ³ÝϳÝáÝ Ó·í»É. The village ~s along ÙϳÝÝ»ñÇ ·»ñÓ·áõÙ/íݳëáõÙ. ~ with sup-
the river ¶ÛáõÕÁ ³ÝϳÝáÝ Ó·í»É ¿ ·»ïÇ plies Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ å³Ï³ë/ɳñ-
»ñϳÛÝùáí. ~ing branches ï³ñ³ÍíáÕ ×Ûáõ- í³Í íÇ׳Ï:
Õ»ñ. Ivy ~s over the wall ´³Õ»ÕÁ Ù³·Éó»É strain II [strein] n ï»ë³Ï, ó»Õ. ͳ·áõÙ,
¿/ï³ñ³Íí»É ¿ å³ïÇ íñ³Ûáí. (Ñ»ï ÁÝÏÝ»É) ïáÑÙ. a new ~ of virus íÇñáõëÇ ÙÇ Ýáñ
The children ~d behind ºñ»Ë³Ý»ñÁ Ñ»ï ¿ÇÝ ï»ë³Ï. a good ~ of horse ÓÇáõ ɳí ï»ë³Ï.
ÁÝÏ»É: a ~ of madness (in the family) Ñ᷻ϳÝ
straggler [΄stræglə] n Ñ»ï Ùݳó³Í ³ÝÓ: ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. ~s »ñÅß. Ù»Õ»¹Ç. the ~s
straight [streit] a áõÕÇÕ. ~ hair áõÕÇÕ Ù³½»ñ. of the harp ï³íÇÕÇ ÑÝãÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ:
The picture isn’t ~ ÜϳñÁ Íáõé ¿ ϳËí³Í. strain [strein] v ɳñ(í)»É, Ó·(í)»É, åñÏ(í)»É.
Cut cloth on the ~ ÏïáñÁ áõÕÇÕ Ïïñ»É. keep ~ one’s eyes ³ãù»ñÁ/ï»ëáÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ ɳñ»É.
a ~ face ÍÇͳÕÁ ѳ½Çí ½ëå»É. (³ÝÏ»ÕÍ, ßÇ- ~ one’s muscle/heart μÅßÏ. ëÇñïÁ ·»ñÑá·-
ï³Ï, å³ñ½) a ~ answer/refusal ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ å³- Ý»óÝ»É. ÙϳÝÁ ·»ñÓ·»É. ~ oneself ɳñí»É. ~
ï³ë˳Ý. μ³ó³Ñ³Ûï/³ÏÝѳÛï Ù»ñÅáõÙ. one’s patience ѳÙμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÷áñÓ»É. ~
be ~ ³ÝÏ»ÕÍ ÉÇÝ»É. ~ in dealings ·áñÍ»ñáõÙ/ under the weight ɳñí»É ͳÝñáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï. ~
strained 798 straw-coloured

the law ûñ»ÝùÇ Ù»Ïݳμ³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç strangulate [΄stræŋgjuleit] v μÅßÏ. ë»ÕÙ»É


ã³÷³½³ÝóáõÃÛáõÝ ÃáõÛÉ ï³É. (ù³Ù»É. (³ÝáÃÝ»ñÁ). áÉáñ»É (³ÕÇùÝ»ñÁ). ×ÙÉ»É:
½ï»É) ~ soup ³ñ·³Ý³ÏÁ ù³Ù»É. ~ the water strap [stræp] n ÷áÏ, ·áïÇ. ϳ߻÷áÏ. Ý»Õ
from the potatoes ϳñïáýÇÉÇ çáõñÁ ó÷»É: ß»ñï, ß»ñï³Ïïáñ. é½Ù. áõë³¹Çñ (ݳ¨
strained [streind] a ɳñí³Í, åñÏí³Í, shoulder strap):
Ó·í³Í. ~ relations/atmosphere ɳñí³Í ѳ- strap [stræp] v ϳå»É Ó·»É. ³Ùñ³óÝ»É (÷á-
ñ³μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ/ÙÃÝáÉáñï. a ~ shoulder Ï»ñáí). ~ a baby in a chair »ñ»Ë³ÛÇÝ ³ÃáéÇÝ
μÅßÏ. ·»ñÓ·áõÙ, Ó·»Éáí íݳë»ÉÁ. (ù³Ù³Í) ³Ùñ³óÝ»É Ï³ß»÷áÏáí. ~ up a suit case
~ milk ù³Ù³Í ϳÃ: ׳ÙåñáõÏÁ ϳ߻·áïÇáí/÷áÏáí Ó·»É. ~ up
strainer [΄streinə] n ù³ÙÇã: the wound with plaster í»ñùÁ ëå»Õ³ÝÇáí
strait [streit] n ³ßËñ. Ý»Õáõó. ~s Ý»Õ ¹ñáõ- Ó·»É:
ÃÛáõÝ, ͳÝñ íÇ׳Ï. S~s of Dover ä³-¹»- straphanger [΄stræp‚hæŋə] n ÷áÏÇó μéÝáÕ.
γɻ. He’s in financial ~s ̳Ýñ ÝÛáõÃ³Ï³Ý Ï³Ý·Ý³Í áõÕ¨áñ. (ïñ³Ùí³ÛáõÙ):
íÇ׳ÏáõÙ ¿: strapless [΄stræpləs] a ³é³Ýó Ó·³Ï³å»ñÇ.
straiten [΄streitn] v ݻճóÝ»É, ë³Ñٳݳ- a ~ dress μ³ó ûÓÇùáí ßáñ:
÷³Ï»É: strapping [΄stræpiŋ] a μ³ñÓñ³Ñ³ë³Ï,
straitened [΄streitnd] a Ý»Õí³Í. be in ~ cir- ѳÕóݹ³Ù, áõÅ»Õ:
cumstances Ý»Õ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ/³Õù³ïáõ- stratagem [΄strætədзəm] n Ñݳñù, Ëáñ³-
ÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É: Ù³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
strait-laced [‚streit΄leist] a Ëëï³μ³ñá, strategian [strə΄ti:dзiən] n é³½Ù³·»ï,
Ëëï³ÏÛ³ó: ëïñ³ï»·:
strand I [strænd] n ³÷, ³é³÷ÝÛ³ ß»ñï. strategic(al) [strə΄ti:dзik(l)] a é³½Ù³í³-
strand II [strænd] n ûÉ, çÇÉ. ÷áõÝç ñ³Ï³Ý, ëïñ³ï»·Ç³Ï³Ý. 鳽ٳϳÝ
(Ù³½»ñÇ, ûÉÇ). a ~ of rope/hair å³ñ³ÝÇ Ï³ñ¨áñ Ý߳ݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»óáÕ:
áÉáñ³Ý. Ù³½»ñÇ ÷áõÝç. a ~ of cable strategy [΄strætədзi] n é³½Ù³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝ.
Ù³ÉáõËÇ/ϳμ»ÉÇ çÇÕ. a ~ of beads Ù³ñï³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. employment ~ ³ß˳-
áõÉáõÝùÝ»ñÇ ß³ñ³Ý. ~s of a project ï³ÝùÇ ÁݹáõÝÙ³Ý/½μ³Õí³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý é³½-
ݳ˳·ÍÇ ï³ññ»ñ: Ù³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
strand [strænd] v ͳÝͳÕáõïÇ Ù»ç stratification [‚strætifi΄kei∫n] n »ñÏñμ. ß»ñ-
Ëñí»É/·ó»É. left ~ed without a penny ÷Ëμ. ï³íáñáõÙ, ß»ñï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ, ß»ñï³-
³é³Ýó ÉáõÙ³ÛÇ ÙݳÉ/Ýëï»É: Ýëïí³Íù:
strange [streindз] a ûï³ñ, ûï³ñ»ñÏñÛ³. a ~ stratify [΄strætifai] v ß»ñï³íáñ»É, ß»ñï-
country ûï³ñ »ñÏÇñ. ~ faces ûï³ñ/ ³Ý- ß»ñï ¹Ç½í»É:
ͳÝáà ¹»Ùù»ñ. (ï³ñûñÇݳÏ) ~ manner stratosphere [΄strætəsfiə] n ëïñ³ïá-
ëý»ñ³:
ï³ñûñÇÝ³Ï í³ñí»É³Ï»ñå. ~ to say ï³ñû-
ñÇÝ³Ï ¿ ³ë»É. ~ as it may seem áñù³Ý ¿É
stratum [΄stra:təm] n »ñÏñμ. ß»ñï,
Ýëïí³Íù³ß»ñï. ˳í (ѳë³ñ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý):
ï³ñûñÇÝ³Ï Ãí³. wear ~ clothes ï³ñûñÇ-
Ý³Ï Ñ³·áõëï Ïñ»É. feel ~ Çñ»Ý í³ï ½·³É.
straw [strɔ:]1. n ÍÕáï, ÍÕáÝ. drink through a
~ ÍÕáïÇ û·ÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ ËÙ»É. clutch at a ~
(³Ýëáíáñ, ûï³ñáïÇ) taste ~ ³Ýëáíáñ ѳÙ
÷Ëμ. ÍÕáïÇó μéÝí»É. the last ~ (μ³Å³ÏÁ
áõݻݳÉ. Everything was ~ ²Ù»Ý ÇÝã ³Ý-
ÉóÝáÕ) í»ñçÇÝ Ï³ÃÇÉÁ. the last ~ that breaks
ëáíáñ ¿ñ. ~ to the job ·áñÍÇÝ ³ÝͳÝáÃ:
the camels back áõÕïÇ Ù»çùÁ ÏáïñáÕ
stranger [΄streindзə] n ³ÝͳÝáÃ. ûï³ñ³- í»ñçÇÝ ÍÕáïÁ, ѳÙμ»ñáõÃÛ³Ý μ³Å³ÏÇ
ϳÝ. ÏáÕÙݳÏÇ ³ÝÓ. a perfect ~ ÉñÇí ³Ý-
í»ñçÇÝ Ï³ÃÇÉÁ. (ãÝãÇÝ μ³Ý) not to care a ~
ͳÝáÃ. a ~ to politics ù³Õ³ù³Ï³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý
Ù³½³ã³÷ ÇëÏ ãÙï³Í»É. not worth a ~
Ù»ç Ýáñ Ù³ñ¹. I’m ~ to the party ºë ÉñÇí Ýáñ
³ñÅ»ù ãáõÝ»óáÕ. 2. a ÍÕáïÇ, ÍÕáï»:
Ù³ñ¹ »Ù ³Ûëï»Õ. the little ~ ÏïÏ. Ýá- strawberry [΄strɔ:bəri] n »É³Ï. wild ~ ÙáñÇ.
ñ³ÍÇÝÁ. (½»ñÍ, ³½³ï) a ~ to fear ³Ýí³Ë: ~ bed »É³ÏÇ ÃáõÙμ:
strangle [΄stræŋgl] v ˻չ»É, ˻չ³Ù³Ñ straw-coloured [΄strɔ:‚kΛləd] a ÍÕáï³-
³Ý»É. The collar is ~ing úÓÇùÁ ˻չáÕ ¿: ·áõÛÝ:
stray 799 strenuous

stray [strei] n, a ÙáÉáñí³Í ³Ý³ëáõÝ/³Ý³- ó÷í»É. Sweat ~ed down the face øñïÇÝùÁ
å³ëï³Ý »ñ»Ë³. a ~ cat/dog ³ÝïáõÝ Ã³- ÍáñáõÙ ¿ñ ¹»ÙùÇó. (ͳͳÝí»É) The flag ~ed
÷³éáÕ Ï³ïáõ/ßáõÝ. a ~ bullet ÷Ëμ. å³- in the wind ¸ñáßÁ ͳͳÝíáõÙ ¿ñ ù³Ùáõó.
ï³Ñ³Ï³Ý ·Ý¹³Ï. ~ axis å³ï³Ñ³Ï³Ý The children were ~ing out ºñ»Ë³Ý»ñÁ ¹áõñë
ï³ùëÇÝ»ñ. ~ thoughts/ideas ³Ýϳå Ùïù»ñ: ¿ÇÝ Ã³÷íáõÙ:
stray [strei] v ó÷³é»É, ÙáÉáñí»É. ׳ݳ- streamer [΄stri:mə] n Ý³í³¹ñáß, å³ï-
å³ñÑÁ ÏáñóÝ»É. Ñ»ï ÙݳÉ/ÁÝÏÝ»É. ~ from í³¹ñáß:
the path ׳ݳå³ñÑÇó ß»Õí»É. ~ from the streamlet [΄stri:mlit] n ³éí³Ï, íï³Ï,
point ûٳÛÇó ß»Õí»É. The child ~ed from ·»ï³Ï:
home ºñ»Ë³Ý ï³ÝÇó ¹áõñë »Ï³í ¨ ÙáÉáñ- stream-line [΄stri:mlain] a û¹³ÛÇÝ Ñáë³ÝùÇ
í»ó. My thoughts ~ed Øïù»ñë ó÷³éáõÙ áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ£
¿ÇÝ: streamlined [΄stri:mlaind] a ßñç³Ñáë»ÉÇ Ó¨
streak [stri:k] n ß»ñï, ß»ñï³·ÇÍ. ½áÉ. a áõÝ»óáÕ ³íïáÙ»ù»Ý³. ~ cars çñ³ÑáëáõÝ
white ~ in hair Ù³½»ñÇ Ù»ç ëåÇï³Ï ÷áõÝç. ³íïáÙ»ù»Ý³. ~ methods ÷Ëμ. é³óÇáݳÉ
~s of black ë¨ ·Í»ñ/μÍ»ñ/½áÉ»ñ. a ~ of paint/ Ù»Ãá¹Ý»ñ:
light Ý»ñÏÇ/ÉáõÛëÇ ß»ñï. (»ñ³Ï) ~s of quartz street [stri:t] n ÷áÕáó. main ~ ·É˳íáñ ÷á-
Ïí³ñóÇ »ñ³ÏÝ»ñ. ~s of lightning ϳÛͳÏÇ Õáó. side ~ Ýñμ³Ýóù. off ~ ÏáÕÙݳÛÇÝ ÷á-
÷³Ûɳï³ÏáõÙ. ~s of humour ÷Ëμ. ÑáõÙáñÇ Õáó. back ~ ËáõÉ/Ñ»ï ÁÝÏ³Í ÷áÕáó. ~s
½·³óáõÙ. have a mean ~ Åɳï ÉÇÝ»É. She has ahead ß³ï (³í»ÉÇ) ³é³ç. not in the same ~
a ~ of German blood ¶»ñÙ³Ý³Ï³Ý ³ñÛ³Ý with ËëÏó. ³ÝÑ³Ù»Ù³ï ³í»ÉÇ ó³Íñ/
˳éÝáõñ¹ áõÝÇ. the Silver ~ ËëÏó. ȳٳÝßÇ í³ï. ~ walker ÷áÕáó³ÛÇÝ Ù³ñÙݳí³×³é.
Ý»ÕáõóÁ: ~ car ïñ³Ùí³Û. ~ lighting ÷áÕáó³ÛÇÝ/÷á-
streaked [stri:kt] a ½áɳíáñ, ß»ñï³íáñ, ÕáóÇ Éáõë³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ sweeper ÷áÕáóÁ
»ñ³Ï³íáñ£ Ù³ùñáÕ Ù»ù»Ý³. at ~ level ÷áÕáóÇ Ù³-
streaky [΄stri:ki] a ½áɳíáñ, ß»ñï³íáñ, ϳñ¹³Ïáí. the man in the ~ ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý
ß»ñï-ß»ñï, ~ meat ׳ñåÇ ß»ñï»ñáí ÙÇë. Ù³ñ¹. That’s right up his ~ ¸³ Ñ»Ýó Ýñ³
~ with dirt ó»Ë³·Í»ñáí Ï»Õïáï³Í: ·áñÍÝ ¿:
stream [stri:m] n ·»ï, ·»ï³Ï, íï³Ï. Ñá- strength [streŋθ] n áõÅ. ~ of will ϳÙùÇ áõÅ.
ë³Ýù, Ñáëù. up ~ Ñáë³ÝùÝ Ç í»ñ. down ~ gather ~ áõŠѳí³ù»É. on the ~ of å³ï׳-
Ñáë³ÝùÝ Ç í³Ûñ. go with the ~ Ñáë³Ýùáí Éá- éáí. by sheer ~ ÙdzÛÝ/ÉáÏ áõÅáí. the ~ of an
Õ³É. ÷Ëμ. ѳٳϻñåí»É. go against the ~ ox »½Ç áõÅ. the ~ of position ¹ÇñùÇ áõÅ. be-
Ñáë³ÝùÇÝ ¹»Ù ·Ý³É. the ~ of thought ÙïùÇ yond one’s ~ áõÅÇó ¹áõñë/í»ñ. (³ÙñáõÃÛáõÝ,
ÁÝóóù. a ~ of blood/light/cold air ³ñÛ³Ý ßÇÃ. ¹ÇÙ³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ) the ~ of materials ÝÛáõûñÇ
ÉáõÛëÇ/ë³éÁ û¹Ç Ñáë³Ýù. a ~ of cars/people ¹ÇÙ³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ÃݹáõÃÛáõÝ (ûÛÇ, ·ÇÝáõ ¨
Ù»ù»Ý³Ý»ñÇ ß³ñ³Ý. Ù³ñ¹Ï³ÛÇÝ Ñ»Õ»Õ. a ³ÛÉÝ) the ~ of alcohol ËÙÇãùÇ/ëåÇñïÇ
~ of tears ³ñóáõÝùÇ Ñ»Õ»Õ. the ~ of con- ÃݹáõÃÛáõÝÁ. ýÇÝ. (³ñÅ»ù) The dollar has
sciousness ·Çï³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ñáë³Ýù. ~ of lost/ gained in ~ ¸áɳñÇ ³ñÅ»ùÁ Çç»É ¿/
p u p i l s / s t u d e n t s μ³ñÓñ³ó»É ¿. é½Ù. áõÅ»ñÇ ù³Ý³Ï, Ãí³Ï³Ý
³ß³Ï»ñï³Ï³Ý/áõë³ÝáÕ³Ï³Ý Ñáëù. ϳ½Ù. fighting ~ Ù³ñï³Ï³Ý ϳ½Ù. on the ~
ÑÙÏñ·. Ñáëù, í»ñ³ó³ñÏí³Í ѳçáñ¹³Ï³Ý ѳëïÇù³ÛÇÝ óáõó³ÏÝ»ñáõÙ, ³ÝÓݳϳ½-
ý³ÛÉ. ~ input Ùáõïù Ñáëùáí. ~ oriented de- ÙáõÙ. in full ~ ÉñÇí ϳ½Ùáí:
vice ë³ñù Ñáëùáí: strengthen [΄streŋθn] v áõŻճݳÉ. (áõÅ»-
stream [stri:m] v Ñáë»É, ßÇûÉ, ï³ñ³Íí»É. Õ³óÝ»É, ½áñ»Õ³Ý³É. ½áñ»Õ³óÝ»É) ~ one’s
Íáñ³É. ~ blood ³ñݳÑáë»É. The light ~ed muscles ÙϳÝÝ»ñÝ áõŻճóÝ»É. ~ walls/a
through the hole ²ÝóùÇó ÉáõÛë ¿ñ ë÷éíáõÙ/ building/one’s position å³ïÁ/ß»ÝùÁ/ Çñ
ÍáñáõÙ. ~ students/pupils (for different sub- ¹ÇñùÁ ³Ùñ³óÝ»É. The wind ~s ø³ÙÇÝ
jects) áõë³ÝáÕÝ»ñÇ/³ß³Ï»ñïÝ»ñÇ Ñáëù»ñ ë³ëïϳÝáõÙ ¿:
ϳ½Ù»É ï³ñμ»ñ ³é³ñϳݻñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. strenuous [΄strenjuəs] a ɳñí³Í, ͳÝñ, Ù»Í
(ó÷í»É) ~ with tears ³ãù»ñÇó ³ñóáõÝù áõÅ å³Ñ³ÝçáÕ. a ~ day ɳñí³Í ûñ. ~ work
stress 800 strike II

ͳÝñ ³ß˳ï³Ýù. make ~ efforts Ù»Í í³Í, ÑÇí³Ý¹. the ~ city ïáõųÍ/íݳëí³Í
ç³Ýù»ñ ·áñͳ¹ñ»É. ~ walks Ñá·Ý»óáõóÇã/ ù³Õ³ù. be ~ with grief/terror íßï³Ñ³ñ/
Ù»Í É³ñáõÙ å³Ñ³ÝçáÕ ½μáë³Ýù: ë³ñë³÷³Ñ³ñ ÉÇÝ»É. ~ with fever ç»ñÙ³Ë-
stress [stres] n ɳñáõÙ, ɳñí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. ïáí ÑÇí³Ý¹. ~ with paralysis ϳÃí³Í³-
×ÝßáõÙ. mental/nervous ~ Ùï³íáñ/ ÝÛ³ñ¹³- ѳñ. ~ in years ß³ï Í»ñ, ½³é³ÙÛ³É. poverty
ÛÇÝ É³ñí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. be under ~ ×ÝßÙ³Ý ï³Ï ~ ã³÷³½³Ýó ³Õù³ï. drought ~ »ñ³ßïÇó
ÉÇÝ»É. ɳñí³Í íÇ׳ÏáõÙ ÉÇÝ»É. (Ý߳ݳÏáõ- íݳëí³Í:
ÃÛáõÝ, ß»ßï) lay ~ on ß»ßï»É, ³é³ÝÓÇÝ strict [strikt] a ËÇëï, Ëëï³å³Ñ³Ýç. be ~
Ý߳ݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É. lay ~ on physics ýǽÇ- with the students áõë³ÝáÕÝ»ñÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ
ϳÛÇÝ Ù»Í Ý߳ݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É. lay great ~ Ëëï³å³Ñ³Ýç ÉÇÝ»É. a ~ diet ËÇëï
on accuracy ×ß·ñïáõÃÛ³ÝÁ Ù»Í Ý߳ݳÏáõ- ëÝݹ³Ï³ñ·/¹Ç»ï³. in ~ confidence ËÇëï
ÃÛáõÝ ï³É. The ~ is (put) on the second sylla- ·³ÕïÝÇ. (×ß·ñÇï, ëïáõÛ·) a ~ mea-
ble Þ»ßïÁ ¹ñíáõÙ ¿ »ñÏñáñ¹ í³ÝÏÇ íñ³: ning/translation ×ß·ñÇï ÇÙ³ëï, ëïáõÛ·
stress [stres] v ß»ßï»É, Áݹ·Í»É, ß»ßï ¹Ý»É. ~ óñ·Ù³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ confidence/secrecy μ³-
the practical side Áݹ·Í»É ·áñÍÝ³Ï³Ý Ýß³- ó³ñÓ³Ï íëï³ÑáõÃÛáõÝ. μ³ó³ñӳϳå»ë
ݳÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ. He ~ed that ...ܳ Ýß»ó, áñ..: ·³ÕïÝÇ. in the ~ sense of the word ËÇëï
stretch [stret∫] n ³é³Ó·³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. The ³ë³Í. ×ÇßïÝ ³ë³Í. ~ time limit ËÇëï
elastic has lost its ~ è»ïÇÝÁ Ïáñóñ»É ¿ Çñ ųÙÏ»ï³ó³ÝÏ:
³é³Ó·Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ. give shoes a ~ ÏáßÇÏÝ»- stride [straid] n Ù»Í/ɳÛÝ ù³ÛÉ. in a few ~s ÙÇ
ñÁ Ó·»É/ɳÛݳóÝ»É. The material has a lot of ~ ù³ÝÇ ù³ÛÉáí. make great ~s in smth Ù»Í
²Ûë ÏïáñÁ Ñ»ßïáõÃÛ³Ùμ Ó·íáõÙ ¿. work at ѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ëÝ»É. take in ~ é½Ù. ÙÇ
full ~ ³ß˳ï»É ÉñÇí ѽáñáõÃÛ³Ùμ. a ~ of ·ñáÑáí ·ñ³í»É:
imagination »ñ¨³Ï³ÛáõÃÛ³Ý ÃéÇãù. allow at a stride [straid] v ù³ÛÉ»É. ~ across íñ³Ûáí
~ ã³÷³½³ÝóáõÙáí ÃáõÛÉ ï³É. (ųٳݳ- ³ÝóÝ»É. ~ along the river ·»ïÇ ³÷áí ù³ÛÉ»É.
ϳÙÇçáóÇ Ñ³ïí³Í) for hours at a ~ ųٻ- ~ off/on ß³ñáõÝ³Ï»É ù³ÛÉ»É:
ñáí. at one ~ ÙÇ ³Ý·³Ùáí. (ï³ñ³ÍáõÃÛ³Ý strident [΄straidnt] a ëáõñ, ×Õ×Õ³Ý:
ѳïí³Í) that ~ of road ׳ݳå³ñÑÇ ³Û¹ strife [straif] n í»×, ÏáÝýÉÇÏï. civil ~ ù³Õ³-
ѳïí³ÍÁ. for a long ~ »ñϳñ ï³ñ³Íùáí. a ù³óÇ³Ï³Ý μ³ËáõÙ/Ñáõ½áõÙÝ»ñ. industrial/
beautiful ~ of country ·»Õ»óÇÏ í³Ûñ. Ùñ½. the domestic ~ ³ñ¹Ûáõݳμ»ñ³Ï³Ý/ÁÝï³Ý»Ï³Ý
home ~ ³í³ñï³ÛÇÝ/áõÕÇÕ ·ÇÍ (×Ç·, ç³Ýù, í»×»ñ/ÏáÝýÉÇÏï:
Ó·áõÙ) with every faculty on the ~ ɳñ»Éáí strike [straik] n ѳñí³Í (ݳ¨ 鳽ٳϳÝ).
μáÉáñ ϳñáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ. ~ of authority Çß- Ù³ñï. Ùñ½. ѳñí³Í. (·áñͳ¹áõÉ) general ~
˳ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ·»ñ³½³ÝóáõÙ: ÁݹѳÝáõñ ·áñͳ¹áõÉ. go/be on ~ ·áñͳ-
stretch [stret∫] v Ó·»É, »ñϳñ³óÝ»É. ~ a ¹áõÉ ³Ý»É. come out on ~ ·áñͳ¹áõÉ Ñ³Ûï³-
rope/elastic å³ñ³ÝÁ/é»ïÇÝÁ Ó·»É. (·»ñ³- ñ³ñ»É. sit down/in ~ Çï³É³Ï³Ý ·áñͳ¹áõÉ,
½³Ýó»É) ~ one’s authority Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ýëï³¹áõÉ. work-to-rule ~ ·áñͳ¹áõÉ Ï³-
·»ñ³½³Ýó»É. That’s ~ing things too far ! ¸³ ÝáÝÝ»ñÇ ËÇëï å³Ñå³ÝÙ³Ùμ. ~ breaker
³ñ¹»Ý ã³÷³½³Ýó ¿. ~ out Ù»ÏÝ»É, å³ñ½»É. ·áñͳ¹áõɳμ»Ï, ·áñͳ¹áõÉÁ ÉùáÕ. μáÛÏáï
~ out one’s hand Ó»éùÁ Ù»ÏÝ»É/å³ñ½»É. ~ (ÏáÉ»ÏïÇí Ù»ñÅáõÙ) buyer ~ áñáß ³åñ³Ýù-
one’s legs áïù»ñÁ Ó·»É/Ù»ÏÝ»É. (Ó·í»É) The Ý»ñ/˳Ýáõà μáÛÏáï»É. (μ³óáõÙÁ, ·áñÍ»ÉÁ)
road ~ed away ֳݳå³ñÑÁ Ó·íáõÙ ¿ñ. The a big oil ~ Ù»Í Ý³íóÑáñÇ ·áñÍ»ÉÁ. hunger
money won’t ~ to ... öáÕÁ ãÇ μ³í³ñ³ñÇ..: ~ ëáí³¹áõÉ. a sympathy ~ ѳٻñ³ßËáõÃÛ³Ý
stretcher [΄stret∫ə] n å³ï·³ñ³Ï. »Ýó- ·áñͳ¹áõÉ:
ßñç³Ý³Ï (Ïï³í ù³ß»Éáõ ѳٳñ): strike I [straik] v ·áñͳ¹áõÉ ³Ý»É. ~ work
strew [stru:] v óñ»É. ß³Õ ï³É, óÇñáõó³Ý ³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ ¹³¹³ñ»óÝ»É:
³Ý»É. The room was ~n with shirts Þ³- strike II [straik] v Ë÷»É, ѳñí³Í»É,
åÇÏÝ»ñÁ óñí³Í ¿ÇÝ ë»ÝÛ³Ïáí Ù»Ï. ~ with ½³ñÏ»É. ~ the nail Ù»ËÁ Ë÷»É. ~ a blow
flowers ͳÕÇÏÝ»ñáí ͳÍÏ»É: ѳñí³Í ѳëóÝ»É, ѳñí³Í»É. ~ a ball
stricken [΄strikən] a íݳëí³Í, ³Ëï³Ñ³ñ- ·Ý¹³ÏÇÝ Ë÷»É. The bullet struck his chest
striker 801 stroke I

¶Ý¹³ÏÁ Ïå³í Ýñ³ ÏñÍùÇÝ. Paralysis struck ëÇÙíáɳÛÇÝ ïáÕÇ Ùß³ÏáõÙ. ~ variable ÷á-
him Üñ³Ý ϳÃí³Í (å³ñ³ÉÇã) Ë÷»ó. be ÷á˳ϳÝ, áñÇ ³ñÅ»ùÁ ëÇÙíáɳÛÇÝ ïáÕ ¿:
struck blind/deaf/dumb with horror ë³ñë³÷Çó string [striŋ] v ɳñ ·ó»É/ϳå»É. ³Õ»Õ³É³ñ
Ïáõñ³Ý³É/ѳÙñ³Ý³É/ËɳݳÉ. The ship ϳå»É. ~ a violin/racket çáõóÏÇ/é³Ï»ïÇ
struck a reef ܳíÁ μ³Ëí»ó ËáõÃÇÝ. They íñ³ ɳñ ·ó»É. (ß³ñ»É) ~ beads ÑáõÉáõÝù
struck gold Üñ³Ýù áëÏáõ »ñ³Ï ѳÛïݳμ»- ß³ñ»É. The cars were strung Ø»ù»Ý³Ý»ñÁ
ñ»óÇÝ/·ï³Ý. We struck lucky ÷Ëμ. Ø»ñ ß³ñí»É ¿ÇÝ:
μ³ËïÁ μ»ñ»ó. (ѳï»É, Ïïñ»É) ~ a coin/a stringed [΄striŋd] a ɳñ³ÛÇÝ, ɳñ³íáñ:
medal ¹ñ³Ù/Ù»¹³É ѳï»É/Ïïñ»É. (í³é»É) ~ stringent [΄strindзənt] a ËÇëï, å³ñï³¹Çñ.
a match ÉáõóÏÇ í³é»É. ~ roots μëμ. ³ñÙ³ï ~ measures ËÇëï ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ. ~ necessity
·ó»É. (áõÕÕí»É) ~ to the left/right ¹»åÇ ËÇëï/¹³Å³Ý ³ÝÑñ³Å»ßïáõÃÛáõÝ:
Ó³Ë/³ç áõÕÕí»É. (½³ñÏ»É, Ë÷»É) The clock stringy [΄striŋi] a ûɳ߳ï. çÉáï (ÙÇë):
struck three ijٳóáõÛóÁ Ë÷»ó ųÙÇ »ñ»ùÁ strip [strip] n Ý»Õ ß»ñï. ųå³í»Ý. ~ of land
~ an average ÙÇçÇÝ ÃÇíÁ ѳݻÉ. (ÑճݳÉ, Ý»Õ Ñáճ߻ñï. Gaza ~ ³ßËñ., ùÕù. ¶³-
Ùïùáí ³ÝóÝ»É.) It struck me ØÇïù ÑÕ³ó³í. ½³ÛÇ Ñ³ïí³Í. air/landing ~ ³í. ÃéÇãùÇ áõ
It ~s me he’s not here ÆÝÓ ÃíáõÙ ¿ª ݳ ³Ûëï»Õ í³Ûñ¿çùÇ í³½ùáõÕÇ. tear a ~ off smb ËÇëï
ã¿. (ïå³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ ·áñÍ»É) How does he ~ ѳݹÇٳݻÉ/ݳ˳ï»É:
you ? ƱÝã ϳñÍÇùÇ »ë Ýñ³ Ù³ëÇÝ. I was strip [strip] v åáÏ»É, Ù³ßÏ»É. ѳݻÉ. ~ naked
struck by her voice ÆÝÓ óÝó»ó Ýñ³ Ó³ÛÝÁ. Ù»ñϳóÝ»É. ~ a bed ³ÝÏáÕÝáõ ëåÇï³Ï»Õ»-
The enemy struck at dawn ÂßݳÙÇÝ Ñ³ñ- ÝÁ ѳݻÉ/÷áË»É. (ÏáÕáåï»É, åÉáÏ»É) Bur-
Ó³Ïí»ó ³ñß³ÉáõÛëÇÝ. ~ across ³Ýó ϻݳÉ, glars ~ped the flat ¶áÕ»ñÁ ÏáÕáåï»óÇÝ/
³ÝóÝ»É. ~ back å³ï³ëË³Ý Ñ³ñí³Í ï³É. ëñμ»óÇÝ μݳϳñ³ÝÁ. ~ off íñ³ÛÇó åáÏ»É.
~ down ·»ïÇÝ ï³å³É»É. ~ off ³ß˳- be ~ped of everything ³Ù»Ý ÇÝãÇó ½ñÏ(í)»É:
ï³ÝùÇó ³½³ï»É. ~ out çÝç»É, íñ³Ý ·ÇÍ strip cartoon [‚stripka:΄tu:n] n ÝϳñÝ»ñáí
ù³ß»É. ~ up ëÏë»É. ~ up a conversation/ac- å³ïÙí³Íù:
quaintance Ëáë³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ ëÏë»É. ͳÝáÃáõ- stripe [straip] n ½áÉ, ß»ñï, ß»ñï³·ÇÍ. black
ÃÛáõÝ Ñ³ëï³ï»É: dress with white ~s ëåÇï³Ï ½áÉ»ñáí ë¨ ßáñ.
striker [΄straikə] n ·áñͳ¹áõɳíáñ: é½Ù. áõë³¹Çñ. ɳÙå³ë. get/lose one’s ~s
striking [΄straikiŋ] a ½³ñٳݳÉÇ, ³å- ³ëïÇ×³Ý ëï³Ý³É, ³ëïÇ׳ݳ½ñÏí»É:
ß»óáõóÇã. a ~ contrast ³åß»óáõóÇã ѳϳ¹- striped [straipt] a ½áɳíáñ, ½áÉ»ñáí:
ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ beauty ½³ñٳݳÉÇ ·»Õ»óÏáõ- strip lighting [΄striplaitiŋ] n ó»ñ»Ï³ÛÇÝ/
ÃÛáõÝ. a ~ force é½Ù. ѳñí³Í³ÛÇÝ, ·ñáÑÇã. ³ñÑ»ëï³Ï³Ý Éáõë³íáñáõÃÛ³Ý É³Ùå»ñ:
within ~ range ѳë³Ý»ÉÇáõÃÛ³Ý ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»- stripling [΄stripliŋ] n å³ï³ÝÇ, ¹»é³Ñ³ë:
ñáõÙ: striptease [΄stripti:z] n, Ù»ñϳå³ñ, ëïñÇå-
string [striŋ] n ɳñ, Ýí³·³É³ñ. the ~s ïǽ:
ɳñ³ÛÇÝ ·áñÍÇùÝ»ñ. a ~ quartet ɳñ³ÛÇÝ strive [straiv] v ç³Ý³É, ×Ç· ó÷»É. Ó·ï»É.
ù³éÛ³Ï. touch the ~s Ýí³·»É. touch a ~ ÷Ëμ. for/after smth ÙÇ μ³ÝÇ Ó·ï»É. ~ for effect
Ýáõñμ ɳñÇÝ ¹Çåã»É. harp on one/the same ~ ç³Ý³É ïå³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ ·áñÍ»É. ~ against
ÝáõÛÝ μ³ÝÁ ÏñÏÝ»É. (å³ñ³Ý, »ñǽ. ϳå) a smth å³Ûù³ñ»É áñ¨¿ μ³ÝÇ ¹»Ù. ~ to conceal
piece/ball of ~ å³ñ³ÝÇ ÙÇ Ïïáñ /ÏÍÇÏ. tied one’s anger ÷áñÓ»É ½³ÛñáõÛÃÁ óùóÝ»É:
to his mother’s apron ~s ÷Ëμ. Ùáñ ÷»ßÇó strivings [΄straiviŋz] n ç³Ýù»ñ, ×Ç·»ñ,
Ïå³Í. pull the ~s ÷Ëμ. Çñ ϳå»ñÝ û·- áõÅ»ñÇ É³ñáõÙ:
ï³·áñÍ»É. ·³ÕïÝÇ ½ëå³Ý³ÏÝ»ñ. (ß³ñù, stroke I [strəuk] n ѳñí³Í. μÅßÏ. ϳÃí³Í,
ß³ñ³Ý) a ~ of pearls/bead Ù³ñ·³ñÇï- Ýáå³. finishing ~ í×é³Ï³Ý/׳ϳﳷñ³-
Ý»ñÇ/ÑáõÉáõÝùÇ ß³ñ³Ý. ~s of people Ï³Ý Ñ³ñí³Í. heat ~ ç»ñٳѳñí³Í. sun ~
Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó ß³ñ³Ý. a ~ of onions ÙÇ Ï³åáó ³ñ¨³Ñ³ñí³Í. breast ~ Ùñ½. μñ³ë (ÉáÕÇ Ó¨).
ëáË. a ~ of questions ѳñó»ñÇ ß³ñ³Ý. put smb off his ~ Ùñ½. éÇÃÙÇó ·ó»É. piston ~
ÑÙÏñ·. ëÇÙíáɳÛÇÝ ïáÕ. ~ constant ëÇÙ- ï»Ë. ÙËáóÇ ß³ñÅ. with a ~ of the pen ·ñãÇ
íáɳÛÇÝ ïáÕÇ Ñ³ëï³ïáõÝ. ~ manipulation ÙÇ Ñ³ñí³Íáí. ÝÏñã. íñÓݳ˳Õ. finishing ~
stroke II 802 stud I

íñÓÝÇ í»ñçÇÝ Ñ³ñí³ÍÝ»ñÁ. (ù³ÛÉ) a clever ³Í»ÉÇÝ ëñ»É (ù³ñß³÷áÏáí):


~ ׳ñåÇÏ ù³ÛÉ. a ~ ûf luck ѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. structural [΄strΛkt∫rəl] a ϳéáõóí³Íù³ÛÇÝ.
at a/one ~ ÙÇ Ñ³ñí³Íáí. a master ~ ÑÙáõï/ ßÇݳñ³ñ³Ï³Ý. ~ alterations ϳéáõóí³Í-
ϳï³ñÛ³É Ñݳñù. ½³ñÏ (ųٳóáõÛóÇ) He ù³ÛÇÝ ÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. ~ engineering ßÇ-
arrived at tÑe ~ of three àõÕÇÕ Å³ÙÁ »ñ»ùÇÝ Ý³ñ³ñ³Ï³Ý ï»ËÝÇϳ:
ݳ »Ï³í. not to do a ~ ËëÏó. Ù³ïÁ Ù³ïÇÝ structure [΄strΛkt∫ə] n ϳéáõóí³Íù, ßÇ-
ãï³É. a ~ of the bow »ñÅß. ³Õ»ÕÇ (ó÷áí) ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ of society ѳë³ñ³ÏáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³-
ß³ñÅáõÙ: éáõóí³Íù. the ~ of the human body Ù³ñÙÝÇ
stroke II [strəuk] n ßáÛáõÙ, ßáÛ»ÉÁ, ϳéáõóí³ÍùÁ. social ~ ѳë³ñ³Ï³ñ·. ~
÷³Õ³ùß»ÉÁ: plan ϳéáõóí³Íù³ÛÇÝ åÉ³Ý the ~ of the lan-
stroke [strəuk] v ßáÛ»É, ÷³Õ³ùß»É. ~ down guage/sentence. É»½íÇ/ݳ˳¹³ëáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³-
ѳݷëï³óÝ»É, ѳݹ³ñï»óÝ»É. ~ the éáõóí³ÍùÁ:
wrong way ÷Ëμ. çÕ³ÛݳóÝ»É, ïѳ×áõÃÛáõÝ structured programming [΄strΛkt∫əd
å³ï׳é»É: ΄prəugræmiŋ] ÑÙÏñ·. ϳéáõóí³Íù³ÛÇÝ
stroll [strəul] n ½μáë³Ýù. take a/go for a ~ Íñ³·ñ³íáñáõÙ:
½μáë³ÝùÇ ·Ý³É: struggle [΄strΛgl] n å³Ûù³ñ. life and death ~
stroll [strəul] v ½μáëÝ»É, ×»Ù»É. ~ alûng the ϻݳó áõ Ù³Ñáõ å³Ûù³ñ. ~ for existance
beach ³÷Ç »ñϳÛÝùáí ½μáëÝ»É: ·áÛáõÃÛ³Ý å³Ûù³ñ. (¹ÇÙ³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ.) put up
stroller [΄strəulə] n ½μáëÝáÕ. ó÷³é³- a ~ ¹ÇÙ³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ óáõÛó ï³É. (ÏéÇí) in the
ßñçÇÏ, ßñçÙáÉÇÏ: ~ ÏéíáõÙ/ÏéíÇ ÁÝóóùáõÙ:
strong [strɒŋ] a áõÅ»Õ, åÇݹ, ³Ùáõñ. a ~ struggle [΄strΛgl] v å³Ûù³ñ»É, ¹ÇÙ³¹ñ»É.
heart/stick ³éáÕç ëÇñï, ³Ùáõñ Ó»éݳ÷³Ûï. Ïéí»É. He ~d with the policeman ܳ ¹Ç-
~ nerves ³éáÕç ÝÛ³ñ¹»ñ. as ~ as a horse óáõÉÇ Ù³¹ñ»ó áëïÇϳÝÇÝ. ~ to one’s feet ¹Åí³-
ÝÙ³Ý ³éáÕç. ~ personality áõÅ»Õ ³ÝÓݳ- ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ áïùÇ Ï³Ý·Ý»É. ~ along somehow
íáñáõÃÛáõÝ/³Ýѳï³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ wind ÙÇ Ï»ñå Ûáɳ ·Ý³É. ~ against difficulties
áõÅ»Õ ù³ÙÇ. ~ in maths ٳûٳïÇϳÛÇó å³Ûù³ñ»É ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ¹»Ù:
áõÅ»Õ. ~ shoes ³Ùáõñ ÏáßÇÏÝ»ñ. ~ emotions/ strum [strΛm] n ÍÝ·ÍÝ·³óÝ»É, ×Ý·×Ý·³ó-
accent/protest áõÅ»Õ ½·³óÙáõÝùÝ»ñ/ ³éá·³- Ý»É. ~ on the piano/guitar ¹³ßݳÙáõñÇ/ÏÇó-
ÝáõÃÛáõÝ/μáÕáù. (ËÇëï, ÏïñáõÏ.) ~ measures éÇ íñ³ ÍÝ·ÍÝ·³óÝ»É:
ËÇëï/ÏïñáõÏ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ. (Ãáõݹ) ~ tea/cof- strut [strΛt] n ï»Ë. ѻݳÏ, Ý»óáõÏ:
fee/wine Ãáõݹ ûÛ/ëáõñ×/·ÇÝÇ. a ~ smell stub [stΛb] n Ïá×Õ, ùáÃáõÏ. Ïïáñ, μ»Ïáñ.
áõÅ»Õ Ñáï. ~ language Ãáõݹ/ËÇëï ѳÛÑá- Ù³ïÇïÇ ÏñÍáõÏ. Í˳ËáïÇ Ùݳóáñ¹,
Û³Ï³Ý ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. (ÏÍáõ, ëáõñ) ÍËáõÏ:
~ pepper/cheese ÏÍáõ μÇμ³ñ/åÕå»Õ, ëáõñ stub [stΛb] v ³ñÙ³ï³ËÇÉ ³Ý»É. áïùÁ Ïáßï
å³ÝÇñ. ~ indications ³ÏÝѳÛï Ýß³ÝÝ»ñ. a μ³ÝÇ Ë÷»É. ~ one’s toe against smth áïùÁ
~ currency ýÇÝ. ϳÛáõÝ ³ñÅ»¹ñ³Ù: Ïáßï μ³ÝÇ Ë÷»É:
strong [strɒŋ] adv ß³ï, ËÇëï. ÏïñáõÏ stubble [΄stΛbl] n ÑÝÓ³Í ³ñï. ϳñ×
Ó¨áí. come it ~ ß³ï Ñ»éáõ ·Ý³É, ã³÷Ý Ïïñ³Í/Ëáõ½³Í Ù³½»ñ. ãë³÷ñí³Í Ùá-
³ÝóÝ»É. ~ against ËÇëï/ÏïñáõÏ ¹»Ù. ~ ad- ñáõù:
vice ѳٳéáñ»Ý/ó˳ÝÓ³·ÇÝ ËáñÑáõñ¹ stubborn [΄stΛbən] a ѳٳé, ϳٳÏáñ:
ï³É. feel ~ áñáß³ÏÇ Ï³ñÍÇù áõݻݳÉ: stubbornness [΄stΛbənnəs] n ѳٳéáõ-
strong-box [΄strɒŋ bɒks] n ë»Ûý, ³ÝÏǽ»ÉÇ ÃÛáõÝ, ϳٳÏáñáõÃÛáõÝ:
·³ÝÓ³å³Ñ³ñ³Ý: stubby [΄stΛbi] a Ïá×Õáï. ϳñ× áõ ѳëï.
stronghold [΄strɒŋhəuld] n å³ïí³ñ, åݹ³Ï³½Ù. ~ fingers ϳñ×, ѳëï Ù³ïÝ»ñ.
ѻݳñ³Ý, ³Ùñáó: a ~ tail Ïïñ³Í åáã:
strong - willed [‚strɒŋ΄wild] a ³Ùáõñ ϳÙùÇ stucco [΄stΛkəu] n ëí³Õ, Í»÷:
ï»ñ: stuck up [΄stΛkΛp] a ٻͳÙÇï, ·áéá½,
strop [strɒp] 1. n ëñáó³÷áÏ. ï»Ë., Íáí. ÇÝùݳ·áÑ. be so ~ ³ÛÝù³Ý ·áéá½/ٻͳÙÇï
ù³ñß³÷áÏ. 2. v ëñ»É (³Í»ÉÇÝ) ~ a razor ÉÇÝ»É:
stud II 803 stupefaction

stud I [stΛd] n ׳ñٳݹ, Ïá׳Ï. Ù»Í place Çñ»ñÁ ãáñë ÏáÕ٠ó÷»É/÷é»É. move
·É˳ñÏáí/·ÉËáí Ù»Ë: the ~ off the table Çñ»ñÁ ë»Õ³ÝÇó ѳí³ù»É.
stud II [stΛd] n ³Ëáé, ÓdzÝáó. ~ farm Ódz- bring ~ from France üñ³ÝëdzÛÇó ³åñ³Ýù
μáõͳñ³Ý. ~ mare ³½Ýí³ó»Õ Ñáí³ï³Ï. ~ (Çñ»ñ) μ»ñ»É:
horse ³½Ýí³ó»Õ Ñáí³ï³Ï ÓÇ. racing ~ stuff [stΛf] v ËóÏ»É, ËáûÉ. ß³ï/³·³Ñ³-
Ódzμáõͳñ³Ý: μ³ñ áõï»É. ~ a pillow with feather μ³ñÓÁ ÷»-
student [΄stju:dnt] n áõë³ÝáÕ, áñ¨¿ μ³Ý ïáõñáí ÉóÝ»É. He ~ed his mouth with choco-
áõëáõÙݳëÇñáÕ. a medical/law ~ μÅßϳ- lates ´»ñ³ÝÁ ßáÏáɳ¹áí Éóñ»ó. ~ one’s head
ϳÝ/Çñ³í³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý ý³ÏáõÉï»ïÇ áõë³- with useless facts ·ÉáõËÁ ³Ýå»ïù μ³Ý»ñáí
ÝáÕ: ÉóÝ»É. ~ cotton wool into ears ³Ï³ÝçÝ»ñÇ Ù»ç
studentship [΄stju:dnt∫ip] n áõë³ÝáÕ³Ï³Ý μ³Ùμ³Ï ËáûÉ. ~ the hole with a cement
ï³ñÇÝ»ñ/Ãáß³Ï: ³ÝóùÁ ó»Ù»Ýïáí ÷³Ï»É. ~ed up with a cold
studied [΄stΛdid] a Ùï³Íí³Í, ϳÝ˳- ùÇÃÁ μéÝí³Í ÉÇÝ»É:
Ùï³Íí³Í. ¹Çï³íáñÛ³É. a ~ insult Ùï³Í- stuffing [΄stΛfiŋ] n ÉÇóù, Éóí³Íù. ËÑñ. ÉóáÝ,
í³Í íÇñ³íáñ³Ýù. a ~ calm ßÇÝÍáõ/Ï»ÕÍ Ëáñǽ:
ѳݷëïáõÃÛáõÝ: stuffy [΄stΛfi] a ïáÃ, Ñ»ÕÓáõÏ, ͳÝñ. ËÇëï,
studio [΄stju:diəu] n ³ñí»ëï³Ýáó, ëïáõ- μͳËݹÇñ. It’s ~ in here ²Ûëï»Õ ïáà ¿. a ~
¹Ç³. ³ñÑ»ëï³Ýáó. Ýáñ³Ó¨áõÃÛ³Ý ëñ³Ñ. old thing ËëÏó. ß³ï ËÇëï Ù³ñ¹:
é³¹Çá/ÏÇÝá ëïáõ¹Ç³: stumble [΄stΛmbl] v ë³Ûóù»É. ϳϳ½»É,
studious [΄stju:diəs] a ³ß˳ï³ë»ñ, ç³- ÏÙÏÙ³É. The horse ~d and fell ÒÇÝ ë³Ûóù»ó
ݳë»ñ. with ~ attention Ù»Í áõß³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ: ¨ ÁÝϳí. ~ on a stone áïùÁ ù³ñÇÝ ³éÝ»É. ~
stud/y [΄stΛdi] n ³ß˳ï³ë»ÝÛ³Ï, ·ñ³ë»Ý- over one’s words ϳϳ½»É. He ~d through the
Û³Ï. áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ, ѻﳽáïáõ- speech ܳ ׳éÝ ³ñï³ë³Ý»ó ÏÙÏÙ³Éáí:
ÃÛáõÝ, ·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝ. »ñÅß. ¿ïÛáõ¹. ³ñí. stumbling-block [΄stΛmbliŋblɒk] n ·³Û-
¿ïÛáõ¹, ¿ëùǽ. áõñí³·ÇÍ. make a ~ of óÏÕáõÃÛ³Ý ù³ñ. ³ñ·»Éù, ËáãÁݹáï:
áõëáõÙݳëÇñ»É, ѻﳽáï»É. field of ~ stump [stΛmp] n Ïá×Õ, ͳÛñ³ï áïù/Ó»éù.
áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛ³Ý áÉáñï. humane ~ies ÏñÍáõÏ (Ù³ïÇïÇ). (Ïáïñí³Í) ³ï³ÙÇ
ÑáõÙ³ÝÇï³ñ ³é³ñϳݻñ. postgraduate ~ies ³ñÙ³ï. Í˳ËáïÇ Ùݳóáñ¹. stir one’s ~s
³ëåÇñ³Ýïáõñ³. a careful ~ Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ ß³ñÅí»É, ßï³å»É. a ~ of a tail åáãÇ Ùݳ-
áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ. (be) in a brown ~ ÷Ëμ. óáñ¹:
Ùïù»ñÇ Ù»ç Ëáñ³ëáõ½í³Í (ÉÇÝ»É). ~ group stump [stΛmp] v ËëÏó. ÷³ÏáõÕáõ Ù»ç ·ó»É.
ËÙμ³Ï: ͳÝñ ù³ÛÉ»É. be ~ed for an answer ãÇٳݳÉ
study [΄stΛdi] v áõëáõÙݳëÇñ»É, ѻﳽá- ÇÝã å³ï³ë˳ݻÉ. ~ up the cash ³éÓ»éÝ
ï»É, ½ÝÝ»É. ~ history/a text å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ/ ·áõÙ³ñÁ í׳ñ»É. ~ up for the dinner ËëÏó.
ï»ùëï áõëáõÙݳëÇñ»É. ~ one’s reaction/face í׳ñ»É ׳ßÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. ~ along ͳÝñ ù³ÛÉ»É.
Ù»ÏÇ é»³ÏóÇ³Ý ¹Çï»É, áõëáõÙݳëÇñ»É/ He was ~ed by the problem äñáμÉ»ÙÁ Ýñ³Ý
¹»ÙùÁ ½ÝÝ»É. ëáíáñ»É, å³ñ³å»É ~ for ß÷áûóñ»ó (ï³ñ³Ïáõë³Ýù):
exams ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ å³ïñ³ëïí»É. ~ stumpy [΄stΛmpi] a ϳñ× áõ ѳëï,
hard ß³ï å³ñ³å»É. ~ under/with professor S åݹ³Ï³½Ù, ϳñ׳ѳë³Ï:
åñáý. ê-Ç Ùáï å³ñ³å»É: stun [stΛn] v ßßÙ»óÝ»É, ËɳóÝ»É, ß÷áûóÝ»É.
stuff [stΛf] n ÝÛáõÃ, ÑáõÙù, ·áñÍí³Íù. ~ed by the blow ѳñí³ÍÇó ßßÙ³Í. ~ed by the
green/garden ~ μ³Ýç³ñ»Õ»Ý. raw ~ ÑáõÙù. news ÷Ëμ. ÝáñáõÃÛáõÝÇó óÝóí³Í:
doctor’s ~ ËëÏó. ¹»Õ, ¹»Õ³ÙÇçáó. good ~ stunning [΄stΛniŋ] a ßßÙ»óáõóÇã, ³åß»-
É³í ·áñÍí³Íù. know one’s ~ ËëÏó. Çñ óáõóÇã, óÝóáÕ. ÑdzݳÉÇ, Ñá۳ϳå:
·áñÍÝ ÇٳݳÉ. Do your ~ øá ·áñÍÝ ³ñ³. ~ stunt [stΛnt] n ׳ñåÇÏ Ñݳñù, ³×å³ñ³-
and nonsense ÑÇÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ³ÝѻûÃáõ- ñáõÃÛáõÝ. a publicity ~ ·áí³½¹³ÛÇÝ Ñݳñù:
ÃÛáõÝ. all that ~ ³Û¹ ³ÙμáÕç ÑÇÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ stunted [΄stΛntid] a ϳñ׳ѳë³Ï. ¹³ÉáõÏ
Do you call this ~ coffee? ¸áõ ë³ ëá±õñ× »ë (μáõÛë):
³Ýí³ÝáõÙ. ËëÏó. Çñ»ñ. scatter ~ all over the stupe [stju:p] n ÑÇÙ³ñ, ³åáõß Ù³ñ¹£
stupefied 804 subject

stupefaction [‚stju:pi΄fæk∫n] n ËÇëï stylist [΄stailist] n á׳μ³Ý. Ùṻɳ·áñÍ.


½³ñÙ³Ýù. ³å߳ѳñáõÃÛáõÝ: ½³ñ¹³ñ³ñ. ¹»Ïáñ³ïáñ:
stupefied [΄stju:pifaid] a ³åß³Í, ßßÙ³Í, stylistic [stai΄listik] a á׳ϳÝ:
ËÇëï ½³ñÙ³ó³Í. ÃÙñ³Í, μóó³Í (³ÉÏá- suave [swa:v] a Ù»ÕÙ, μ³ñ»ÏÇñÃ. ßáÕáùáñÃ
ÑáÉÇó): (pejor). ~ phrases ßáÕáùáñà ³ñï³Ñ³Ûïáõ-
stupefy [΄stju:pifai] v ³åß»óÝ»É, ßßÙ»óÝ»É. ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. a ~ type ßáÕáùáñÃ:
μóóÝ»É: suavity [΄swa:vəti] n Ù»ÕÙáõÃÛáõÝ, μ³ñ»-
stupendous [stju΄pendəs] a ËëÏó. ÑdzݳÉÇ, ÏñÃáõÃÛáõÝ. ßáÕáùáñÃáõÃÛáõÝ:
½³ñٳݳÑñ³ß. íÇÃ˳ñÇ, Ñëϳ۳ϳÝ: subaltern [΄sΛbltən] n »Ýóëå³:
stupid [΄stju:pid] a μóÙÇï, ÑÇÙ³ñ. μó- subclass [΄sΛb‚kla:s] n »Ýó¹³ë:
ó³Í, ßßÙ³Í do smth ~ ÑÇÙ³ñáõÃáõÝ ³Ý»É. subcommittee [΄sΛbkə‚miti] n »ÝóÏáÙÇ-
What a ~ thing ! ƯÝã ÑÇÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ: ï», »ÝóѳÝÓݳËáõÙμ:
stupidity [΄stju:pidəti] n ÑÇÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, subconscious [sΛb΄kɒn∫əs] a »Ýó-
μóÙïáõÃÛáõÝ: ·Çï³Ïó³Ï³Ý. the ~ »Ýó·Çï³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ:
stupor [΄stju:pə] n ÃÙñáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ý½·³ íÇ- subcontractor [‚sΛbkən΄træktə] »Ýóϳ-
׳Ï: å³É³éáõ:
sturdy [΄stə:di] a áõÅ»Õ, ³Ùñ³Ï³½Ù, ³éáÕç. subdivide [‚sΛbdi΄vaid] v ëïáñ³μ³Å³Ý»É:
a ~ chair åÇݹ ³Ãáé. ~ bycicle Ñáõë³ÉÇ Ñ»- subdivision [΄sΛbdi‚viзn] n »Ýóμ³Å³-
ͳÝÇí: ÝáõÙ, ëïáñ³μ³Å³ÝáõÙ:
sturgeon [΄stə:dзən] n ϻݹ. óé³÷ (ÓáõÏ): subdue [səb΄dju:] v ×Ýß»É, Ñݳ½³Ý¹»óÝ»É.
stutter [΄stΛtə] n ϳϳ½áõÙ, ÏÙÏÙáó£ Çç»óÝ»É (Ó³ÛÝÁ)£
stutter [΄stΛtə] v ϳϳ½»É, ÏÙÏÙ³É. have a subdued [səb΄dju:d] a ×Ýßí³Í, ×ÝßáÕ. be ~
bad ~ áõÅ»Õ Ï³Ï³½»É. ~ out an apology ×Ýßí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. a ~ atmosphere ×ÝßáÕ ÙÃÝá-
ÏÙÏÙ³Éáí Ý»ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ Ëݹñ»É: Éáñï. ~ voice ó³Íñ Ó³ÛÝ. ~ light ÃáõÛÉ ÉáõÛë:
sty [stai] n Ëá½Ç μáõÝ, Ëá½³μáõÝ (ݳ¨ pig ~). subeditor [‚sΛb΄editə] n ËÙμ³·ñÇ ï»Õ³-
÷Ëμ. Ï»Õïáï ï»Õ: ϳÉ/û·Ý³Ï³Ý:
sty(e) [stai] n ·³ñ»Ñ³ï. μÅßÏ. ïÇÏݳÏÉáõÝÓ subheading [sΛb΄hediŋ] n »Ýóí»ñݳ·Çñ:
(³ãùÇ): subject [΄sΛbdзekt] n ûٳ, ÝÛáõÃ. ~ of a
style [stail] n á×, áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ¹åñáó (³ñ- novel/research í»åÇ/ѻﳽáïáõÃÛ³Ý Ã»Ù³/
í»ëïÇ). »Õ³Ý³Ï, á× (ϳï³ñÙ³Ý). pointed ³é³ñϳ. keep to the ~ ÙÝ³É Ã»Ù³ÛÇ ë³Ñ-
~ ·áÃ³Ï³Ý á×. old ~ ÑÇÝ ïáÙ³ñ. ~ of act- Ù³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ, Ã»Ù³Ý ß³ñáõݳϻÉ. change
ing/speaking ¹»ñ³Ï³ï³ñÙ³Ý á×Á. Ëáë»Éáõ from the ~ ÷áË»É Ëáë³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ã»Ù³Ý/Ñ»-
»Õ³Ý³ÏÁ/Ó¨Á. ~ of life ³åñ»É³Ï»ñå, Ï»Ý- ï³½áïáõÃÛ³Ý ÝÛáõÃÁ. fetchy ~ Ýñμ³Ýϳï
ë³Ó¨. free ~ Ùñ½. ³½³ï á×. This is not my ~ ûٳ. wander from the ~ ûٳÛÇó ß»Õí»É. on
÷Ëμ. ¸³ ÇÙ á×Á ã¿. (Ýñμ³·»ÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ßáõù, the ~ ûٳÛÇ/ÝÛáõÃÇ Ù³ëÇÝ/í»ñ³μ»ñÛ³É. ~
÷³ÛÉ) There is no ~ about him ܳ ß³ï ѳ- heading/index ³é³ñϳ۳ϳÝ/ûٳïÇÏ
ë³ñ³Ï ß³ñÅáõÓ¨ áõÝÇ. travel/live in ~ ßáõ- ó³Ýó. ~ matter ûٳ, ÝÛáõÃ. (³é³ñϳ) the
ùáí ׳Ù÷áñ¹»É. ßù»Õ ³åñ»É. (Ýáñ³Ó¨áõ- ~ of an experiment/investigation ÷áñÓÇ/Ñ»ï³-
ÃÛáõÝ, ï³ñ³½) the latest ~ Ýáñ³Ó¨áõÃÛ³Ý ½áïáõÃÛ³Ý ³é³ñϳÝ. a good ~ for painting
³Ù»Ý³í»ñçÇÝ ï»ë³ÏÁ. a new hair ~ Ýϳñ»Éáõ ѳٳñ ѳñÙ³ñ, ·»Õ»óÇÏ
Ù³½»ñÇ Ýáñ ë³Ýñí³Íù: ÝÛáõÃ/ï»ë³ñ³Ý. ùÕù. (Ñå³ï³Ï, »Ýóϳ)
style [stail] v ³Ýí³Ý»É, Ïáã»É. He ~s himself ~ nations ϳËÛ³É å»ïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. foreign ~
“director” ܳ Çñ»Ý “ïÝûñ»Ý” ¿ ³Ýí³ÝáõÙ. ûï³ñ»ñÏñÛ³ å»ïáõÃÛ³Ý Ñå³ï³Ï/ù³Õ³-
(Ó¨³íáñ»É) ~ a dress/hair ѳ·áõëï/Ù³½»ñÇ ù³óÇ. ù»ñ. »Ýóϳ (ݳ˳¹³ëáõÃÛ³Ý):
ë³Ýñí³ÍùÁ Ó¨³íáñ»É: subject [΄sΛbdзekt] a ùÕù. »Ýóϳ. a terri-
styling [΄stailiŋ] n ·»Õ³ñí»ëï³Ï³Ý Ó¨³íá- tory ~ to »Ýóϳ ï³ñ³Íù. Prices are ~ to al-
ñáõÙ, ÙṻɳíáñáõÙ: teration ¶Ý»ñÁ »Ýóϳ »Ý ÷á÷áËáõÃÛ³Ý. ~
stylish [΄staili∫] a å»ñ×, ßù»Õ. Ýáñ³Ó¨, to changes ÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ »Ýóϳ.
á׳íáñ: (å³ÛÙ³Ý). The plan will be realized at once ~
subject 805 subsection

to his approval Ìñ³·ÇñÝ ³ÝÙÇç³å»ë ÏÇñ³- ï³ñÏÝ»ñ:


ϳݳóíÇ å³ÛÙ³Ýáí, »Ã» ݳ ï³ Çñ submissive [səb΄misiv] a Ñݳ½³Ý¹,
ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ: ËáݳñÑ:
subject [səb΄dзekt] v »ÝóñÏ»É, Ñå³ï³- submit I [səb΄mit] v Ñå³ï³Ïí»É, Ñݳ-
Ï»óÝ»É. be ~ed to great hardships Ù»Í ¹Åí³- ½³Ý¹í»É. Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É. ~ a proposal ³é³-
ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ Ïñ»É: ç³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É. ~ the problem to
subjection [səb΄dзek∫n] n Ñݳ½³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝ, the committee ѳñóÁ ÏáÙÇï»Ç ùÝݳñÏÙ³ÝÁ
Ñå³ï³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. Ñå³ï³Ïí»ÉÁ. Ý»ñϳ۳- Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É. ~ for approval ѳëï³ïÙ³Ý
óáõÙ, Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»ÉÁ (ùÝÝáõÃÛ³Ý, ÷áñÓ³- Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É. ~ one’s resignation Ññ³Å³-
ùÝÝáõÃÛ³Ý): ñ³Ï³Ý ï³É. Çñ³í. (ѳÛï³ñ³ñ»É) We ~
subjective [səb΄dзektiv] a ëáõμÛ»ÏïÇí. ³ÝÓ- that ... Ø»Ýù ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÙ »Ýù, áñ..:
ݳϳÝ. ÏáÕÙݳϳÉ. ~ judgement/impression submit II [səb΄mit] v ÑÙÏñ·. ³ÏïÇí³óÝ»É,
³ÝÓݳϳÝ/ëáõμÛ»ÏïÇí ¹³ïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ/ áõÕ³ñÏ»É Ï³ï³ñÙ³Ý:
ïå³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ: subnormal [‚sΛb΄nɔ:ml] a ûñ½³ñ·³ó³Í.
subjugate [΄sΛbdзugeit] v Ýí³×»É, Ñå³- ~ temperature ÝáñÙ³ÛÇó ó³Íñ ç»ñÙáõÃÛáõÝ:
ï³Ï»óÝ»É: subordinate I [sə΄bɔ:dinət] 1. n ëïáñ³¹³ë
subjugation [‚sΛbdзu΄gei∫n] n Ýí³×áõÙ, ³ÝÓ, ëïáñ³¹ñÛ³É. 2. a ëïáñ³¹³ë, »Ýó-
Ñå³ï³Ï»óáõÙ: ϳ. ëïáñ³Ï³ñ·³ÛÇÝ; ~ clause ëïáñ³¹³-
subjunctive [səb΄dзΛŋktiv]1. n (ݳ¨ the ~ ë³Ï³Ý ݳ˳¹³ëáõÃÛáõÝ:
mood) ù»ñ. ëïáñ³¹³ë³Ï³Ý »Õ³Ý³Ï. 2. a subordinate II [sə΄bɔ:dineit] v ëïáñ³¹³-
ëïáñ³¹³ë³Ï³Ý: ë»É, »ÝóϳÛáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï ¹Ý»É:
sublease [΄sΛbli:s] n »Ýóí³ñӳϳÉáõ- subordination [sə‚bɔ:di΄nei∫n] n ëáõμáñ-
ÃÛáõÝ: ¹Çݳódz£
sublet [‚sΛb΄let] v »Ýóí³ñӳϳÉáõÃÛ³Ý subplot [΄sΛbplɒt] n ·»Õ³ñí»ëï³Ï³Ý
ѳÝÓÝ»É: ëï»Õͳ·áñÍáõÃÛ³Ý ëÛáõÅ»ï³ÛÇÝ »ñÏñáñ¹
sublimate [΄sΛblimeit] v ùÇÙ. ëáõμÉÇÙ³- ·ÇÍÁ:
ódzÛÇ »ÝóñÏ»É. ÷Ëμ. μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É, subpoena [sə΄pi:nə] n ¹³ï³Ï³Ý ͳÝáõó³-
³½Ýí³óÝ»É: ·Çñ:
sublime [sə΄blaim] a μ³ñÓñ, íë»Ù, ³½ÝÇí. subroutine [΄sΛbruti:n] n ÑÙÏñ·. »ÝóÍñ³-
with ~ indifference ·áéá½ ³Ýï³ñμ»ñáõ- ·Çñ, Ùá¹áõÉ. ~ call »ÝóÍñ³·ñÇ Ï³Ýã. ~
ÃÛ³Ùμ. from the ~ to the ridiculous íë»ÙÇó linkage »ÝóÍñ³·ñ»ñÇ Ï³å³ÏóáõÙ:
ÙÇÝ㨠ÍÇͳջÉÇÝ ÙÇ ù³ÛÉ: subscribe [səb΄skraib] v μ³Å³Ýáñ¹³·ñí»É.
sublimiáal [‚sΛb΄liminl] a »Ýó·Çï³Ïó³- ~ to several journals ÙÇ ù³ÝÇ ³Ùë³·ñÇ μ³-
ÛÇÝ, »Ýó·Çï³Ïó³Ï³Ý: ųÝáñ¹³·ñí»É. ~ to some idea ÷Ëμ. ·³Õ³-
submarine [΄sΛbməri:n]1. n ëáõ½³Ý³í. 2. a ÷³ñÁ ë³ï³ñ»É. (¹ñ³Ù³Ï³Ý ÝíÇñ³ïíáõ-
ëïáñçñÛ³: ÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É) He ~d 20 dollars to the fund ܳ
submerge [səb΄mə:dз] v ëáõ½(í)»É, çñáí ýáݹÇÝ 20 ¹áɳñ ÝíÇñ»ó:
ͳÍÏ»É. ѻջջÉ. The boat ~d ܳí³ÏÁ subscriber [səb΄skraibə] n μ³Å³Ýáñ¹,
ëáõ½í»ó. completely ~d by papers ÉñÇí ÝíÇñ³ïáõ:
óÕí³Í ÃÕûñÇ Ù»ç: subscription [səb΄skrip∫n] n μ³Å³Ýáñ¹³-
submergence [səb΄mə:dзəns] n áÕáÕáõÙ, ·ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ÝíÇñ³ïíáõÃÛáõÝ. ³Ý¹³Ù³-
ѻջÕáõÙ, çñ³Í³ÍÏ ³Ý»ÉÁ: í׳ñ. ³μáݻٻÝï/Ùßï³Ï³Ý/뻽áݳÛÇÝ
submission [səb΄mi∫n] n Ñݳ½³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝ, ïáÙë. take out a ~ to μ³Å³Ýáñ¹³·ñí»É. pay
Ñå³ï³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. The tribes were reduced to a ~ to a club ³ÏáõÙμÇ ³Ý¹³Ù³í׳ñ ÙáõÍ»É.
complete ~ ò»Õ»ñÁ ÉñÇí Ñå³ï³Ïí»óÇÝ. All ~s welcome ÀݹáõÝíáõÙ »Ý μáÉáñ ÝíÇñ³-
Çñ³í. ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»ÉÁ. ïíáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ. ~ concert ³μáݻٻÝï³ÛÇÝ
make a ~ ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É. The de- ѳٻñ·. ~ rate μ³Å³Ýáñ¹³·ñÙ³Ý ·ÇÝÁ:
fendant’s ~ was ...ä³ßïå³ÝÛ³ÉÁ ѳÛï³- subsection [΄sΛb‚sek∫n] n »Ýóë»Ïódz,
ñ³ñ»ó, áñ... written ~ ·ñ³íáñ ÷³ë- »Ýóμ³ÅÇÝ. (÷³ëï³ÃÕÃáõÙ) »Ýóμ³ÅÇÝ,
subsequent 806 subtle

Ï»ï: in ~ Áëï ¿áõÃÛ³Ý, ÑÇÙݳϳÝáõÙ. devoid of


subsequent [΄sΛbsikwənt] a ѻﳷ³, ~ ³ÝÑÇÙÝ, ÑÇÙùÇó ½áõñÏ. the ~ of the argu-
ѳçáñ¹, ѳçáñ¹áÕ. on a ~ visit ѳçáñ¹ ment ÷³ëï³ñÏÇ ÑÇÙùÁ. The book lacks ~
³Ûó»ÉáõÃÛ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³Ï/ÁÝóóùáõÙ: ¶ñùáõÙ μ³ó³Ï³ÛáõÙ ¿ μáõÝ ¿áõÃÛáõÝÁ:
subsequently [΄sΛbsikwəntli] adv Ñ»ï³- substantial [səb΄stæn∫l] a ¿³Ï³Ý, ÑÇÙݳ-
·³ÛáõÙ, Ñ»ïá, ³í»ÉÇ áõß: ϳÝ, ϳñ¨áñ, ½·³ÉÇ. a ~ meal Ïáõßï ׳ß. a
subserve [səb΄sə:v] v ³ç³Ïó»É, Ýå³ëï»É, ~ proof ͳÝñ³ÏßÇé ³å³óáõÛó. ~ agreement
û·ï³Ï³ñ ÉÇÝ»É: ¿³Ï³Ý ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ contribu-
subservience [səb΄sə:viəns] n ëïáñ³ù³ñ- tion/part/progress ½·³ÉÇ Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ/¹»ñ/
ßáõÃÛáõÝ, ùÍÝáõÃÛáõÝ: ³é³ç˳ճóáõÙ, ѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ£
subservient [səb΄sə:viənt] a ëïáñ³ù³ñß, substantially [səb΄stæn∫li] adv ¿³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý,
ëïñϳÙÇï: ½·³ÉÇáñ»Ý. ~ different ½·³ÉÇáñ»Ý ï³ñμ»ñ.
subset [sΛb΄set] n ÑÙÏñ·. »ÝÃ³μ³½ÙáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ built house ѳëï³ïáõÝ Ï³éáõóí³Í
~ language É»½íÇ »ÝÃ³μ³½ÙáõÃÛáõÝ: ß»Ýù:
subside [səb΄said] v ÇçÝ»É, å³Ï³ë»É substantiate [səb΄stæn∫ieit] v ÑÇÙݳíáñ»É,
(çáõñÁ). The water ~d æáõñÁ å³Ï³ë»ó. The ÷³ëï»ñáí ѳëï³ï»É. ³å³óáõó»É. ~ a
storm ~d öáÃáñÇÏÁ ѳݹ³ñïí»ó. The statement/charge ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ/Ù»Õ³¹-
building ~d ÞÇÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ýëï»ó. He ~d into ñ³ÝùÁ ÑÇÙݳíáñ»É:
an armchair ÏïÏ. ܳ ÁÝÏÕÙí»ó μ³½Ï³ÃáéÇ substantive [΄sΛbstəntiv] 1. n ù»ñ. ·á۳ϳÝ
Ù»ç: ³ÝáõÝ. 2. a Çñ³í. ¿³Ï³Ý ~ law ÝÛáõóϳÝ
subsidence [səb΄saidns] n ³ÝÏáõÙ. å³Ï³- Çñ³íáõÝù:
ëáõÙ. ѳݹ³ñïáõÙ. ÇçÝ»ÉÁ, Ýëï»ÉÁ: substitute [΄sΛbstitju:t] n ÷á˳ñÇÝáÕ, ÷á-
subsidiary [səb΄sidiəri] n μ³Å³ÝÙáõÝù, ˳ÝÛáõÃ. ëáõéá·³ï find a ~ ÷á˳ÝÛáõÃ
Ù³ëݳ×ÛáõÕ. a ~ enterprise ûųݹ³Ï/Éñ³- ·ïÝ»É. Saccharine is a ~ for sugar ê³Ë³ñÇÝÁ
óáõóÇã μ³Å³ÝÙáõÝù/Ù³ëݳ×ÛáõÕ/ ϳ½Ù³- ß³ù³ñÇ ÷á˳ÝÛáõÃÝ ¿. Beware of ~s ïÝï.
Ï»ñåáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ bank μ³ÝÏÇ Ù³ëݳ×ÛáõÕ. ¼·áõß³ó»ù ëáõéá·³ïÝ»ñÇó. Ùñ½. play as a
~ means of income »Ï³ÙïÇ Éñ³óáõóÇã ³Õμ- ~ for Ë³Õ³É áñå»ë Ù»ÏÇ ÷á˳-
Ûáõñ. ~ company ¹áõëïñ Ó»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ Ýáñ¹/÷á˳ñÇÝáÕ, ÷á˳ñ»Ý ˳ճÉ. a ~
reason Éñ³óáõóÇã å³ï׳é: in team å³Ñ»ëï³ÛÇÝ Ë³Õ³óáÕ:
subsidize [΄sΛbsidaiz] v ¹ñ³Ù³Ï³Ý Ýå³ëï substitute [΄sΛbstitju:t] v ÷á˳ñÇÝ»É. ï»-
ï³É. ¹ñ³Ùáí ûųݹ³Ï»É: Õ³Ï³É ÉÇÝ»É. ~ tea for coffee ûÛÁ ëáõñ×áí
subsidy [΄sΛbsədi] n Ýå³ëï, ¹ñ³Ù³Ï³Ý ÷á˳ñÇÝ»É. ~ for smb Ù»ÏÇÝ ÷á˳ñÇÝ»É. ~
ûųݹ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. Éñ³í׳ñ: fake documents ÷³ëï³ÃÕÃÕ»ñÁ ݻݷ³÷á-
subsist [səb΄sist] v ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ, ÉÇÝ»É. Ë»É:
³åñ»É, ëÝí»É. ~ on 40 dollars a week ³åñ»É substitution [‚sΛbsti΄tju:∫n] n ÷á˳ñÇ-
ß³μ³Ã³Ï³Ý 40 ¹áɳñáí. ~ entirely on veg- ÝáõÙ, ï»Õ³Ï³ÉáõÙ. Ù³Ã. ï»Õ³¹ñáõÙ. ~ of
etables ÙdzÛÝ μ³Ýç³ñ»Õ»Ýáí ëÝí»É: conditions å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇ ÷á˳ñÇÝáõÙ:
subsistence [səb΄sistəns] n ·áÛáõÃÛáõÝ, substratum [΄sΛbstra:təm] n »Ýó߻ñï,
ÏÛ³Ýù, ³åñ»ÉÁ. means of ~ ·áÛáõÃÛ³Ý/³å- »Ýó˳í. »ÝóÑáÕ:
ñ»Éáõ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ. ~ minimum Ï»Ýë³³å³- substring [΄sΛb΄striŋ] n ÑÙÏñ·. »ÝóïáÕ:
ÑáíÙ³Ý Ýí³½³·áõÛÝÁ. live on a ~ diet ËÇëï substruction [΄sΛbstrΛk∫n] n ÑÇÙù:
Ýí³½ ëÝáõݹáí μ³í³ñ³ñí»É. ëáí³ÉÉáõÏ subtenant [‚sΛb΄tenənt] n »Ýóí³ñӳϳÉ:
ÉÇݻɣ subterfuge [΄sΛbtəfju:dз] á Ëáñ³Ù³ÝÏáõ-
subsoil [΄sΛbsɔil] n »ÝóÑáÕ, ÑáÕÇ ëïáñÇÝ ÃÛáõÝ, Ñݳñù. Ëáõë³÷áõÙ. resort to ~ Ëá-
ß»ñï: ñ³Ù³ÝÏáõÃÛ³Ý ¹ÇÙ»É:
subspecies [΄sΛb‚spi:∫i:z] n »Ýóï»ë³Ï, subterranean [‚sΛbtə΄reiniən] a ëïáñ-
ï³ñ³ï»ë³Ï: ·»ïÝÛ³. ÷Ëμ. Áݹѳï³ÏÛ³. ·³ÕïÝÇ:
substance [΄sΛbstəns] n ÝÛáõÃ. ÷ÇÉ. Ù³ï»- subtitle [΄sΛbtaitl] n »Ýóí»ñݳ·Çñ. (ÏÇÝá)
ñdz, ëáõμëï³Ýódz. ¿áõÃÛáõÝ, ÇëÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ëáõμïÇïñ, »Ýó·Çñ£
subtotal 807 suck

subtle [΄sΛtl] a Ýáõñμ, ÝñμÇÝ. ×ÏáõÝ, ó÷³Ý- was ~ in life ܳ ÏÛ³Ýùáõ٠ѳçáÕ³Ï »Õ³í/
óÇÏ. Ýñμ³Ñ³Ù, Ýñμ³×³ß³Ï. a ~ mind/per- ѳçáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ë³í. Business is ~ ¶áñÍ»ñÁ
fume/hint ×ÏáõÝ ÙÇïù. Ýáõñμ ûͳݻÉÇù. ѳçáÕ »Ý ÁÝóÝáõÙ. ~ bidder ѳçáÕáõÃÛ³Ý
Ýñμ³ÝÏ³ï ³ÏݳñÏ. ~ charm ³ÝÁÙμéÝ»ÉÇ Ñ³ë³Í Ù³ëݳÏÇó (ÙñóáõÛÃÇ ¨ ³ÛÉÝÇ):
ÑÙ³Ûù: succession [sək΄se∫n] n ѳçáñ¹³Ï³Ýáõ-
subtotal [sΛb΄təutl] n ÑÙÏñ·. ÙÇç³ÝÏÛ³É ÃÛáõÝ. ³ÝÁݹѳï ß³ñù. ѳçáñ¹»ÉÁ. ų-
·áõÙ³ñ: é³Ý·»Éáõ Çñ³íáõÝù. He took over the busi-
subtract [səb΄trækt] v Ù³Ã. ѳݻÉ, å³Ï³- ness in ~ to his father ܳ ųé³Ý·»ó Çñ Ñáñ
ë»óÝ»É: ·áñÍÁ. after his ~ Ýñ³ ·³Ñ μ³ñÓñ³Ý³Éáõó
subtraction [səb΄træk∫n] n Ù³Ã. ѳÝáõÙ: Ñ»ïá. a ~ of accidents íóñÝ»ñÇ ÙÇ ³ÙμáÕç
subtropical [‚sΛb΄trɒpikl] a Ù»ñÓ³ñ¨³- ß³ñù. Çñ³í. Çñ³í³Ñ³çáñ¹áõÃÛáõÝ. right of
¹³ñÓ³ÛÇÝ: ~ ѳçáñ¹³ÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý Çñ³íáõÝù. order of ~
suburb [΄sΛbə:b] n ³ñí³ñÓ³Ý. ù³Õ³ù³- ûñÇÝ³Ï³Ý Å³é³Ý·áõÙ. vacant ~ μ³ó/
Ù»ñÓ μݳϳí³Ûñ£ ãå³Ñ³Ýçí³Í ųé³Ý·áõÃÛáõÝ:
suburban [sə΄bə:bən] a ³ñí³ñӳݳÛÇÝ, successive [sək΄sesiv] a ѳçáñ¹, ѳçáñ¹áÕ,
ù³Õ³ù³Ù»ñÓ. ÷Ëμ. ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï, ·³- ѻﳷ³. (with) each ~ day Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ
í³é³Ï³Ý. a ~ type ÷Ëμ. ù³Õù»ÝÇ: ѳçáñ¹ ûñÁ. He made three ~ attempts ܳ
subversive [səb΄və:siv] a Ïáñͳݳñ³ñ, Çñ³ñ Ñ»ï¨Çó »ñ»ù ÷áñÓ Ï³ï³ñ»ó. at each
³í»ñÇã, ù³Ûù³ÛÇã. ~ activity ù³Ûù³ÛÇã ~ attempt Ûáõñ³ù³ÝãÛáõñ ѳçáñ¹ ÷áñÓÇ
·áñÍÝ»áõÃÛáõÝ: ÁÝóóùáõÙ:
subway [΄sΛbwei] n ·»ïݳÝóù, ëïáñ³Ýóù. successor [sək΄sesə] n ųé³Ý·áñ¹ (·³ÑÇ).
ÃáõÝ»É. Ù»ïñᣠѳçáñ¹áÕ, ÷á˳ñÇÝáÕ. Çñ³í³Ñ³çáñ¹:
subzero [sΛb΄ziərəu] a ½ñáÛÇó ó³Íñ, μ³ó³- succinct [sək΄siŋkt] a ë»ÕÙ, ѳÏÇñ× (á×):
ë³Ï³Ý. ~ temperatures μ³ó³ë³Ï³Ý/½ñáÛÇó succulence [΄sΛkjuləns] n ÑÛáõóÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ,
ó³Íñ ç»ñÙ³ëïÇ׳Ý: ÑÛáõûÕáõÃÛáõÝ:
succeed [sək΄si:d] v ѳçáñ¹»É, ÷á˳ñÇÝ»É. succulent [΄sΛkjulənt] a ÑÛáõóÉÇ, ÑÛáõûÕ.
ųé³Ý·»É. ѻ層É. Year ~ed year î³- ~ meat/grass ÑÛáõÃ»Õ ÙÇë, ÑÛáõóÉÇ Ëáï:
ñÇÝ»ñÁ ѳçáñ¹áõÙ ¿ÇÝ ÙÇÙÛ³Ýó. ~ to ų- succumb [sə΄kΛm] v å³ñïí»É, ½Çç»É, ï»-
é³Ý·»É. right to ~ ųé³Ý·»Éáõ Çñ³íáõÝù. ÕÇ ï³É. Ù»éÝ»É. ~ to temptation ·³ÛóÏÕáõ-
He ~ed his father on the throne ܳ ųé³Ý·»ó ÃÛ³Ý »ÝóñÏí»É. ~ to illness ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõ-
Ñáñ ·³ÑÁ. (ѳçáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ëÝ»É) ~ in busi- ÝÇó Ù»éÝ»É:
ness/in one’s carreer μǽݻëáõÙ/ϳñÇ»ñ³ÛáõÙ such [sΛt∫]1. a ³ÛëåÇëÇ, ³Û¹åÇëÇ, ³ÛÝåÇëÇ.
ѳçáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ëÝ»É. (³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÇ Ñ³ëÝ»É, ~ as (³ÛÝåÇëÇÝ) ÇÝãåÇëÇÝ, ÇÝãå»ë ûñÇ-
ѳçáÕí»É) The attempt ~ed öáñÓÁ ѳ- ݳÏ. no ~ thing áã ÙÇ ÝÙ³Ý μ³Ý. S~ is life
çáÕí»ó. He ~ed in finishing his thesis ܳ ²ÛëåÇëÇÝ ¿ ÏÛ³ÝùÁ. in ~ a way ÝÙ³Ý/³ÛëåÇ-
ѳçáÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ ³í³ñï»ó Çñ û½Á: ëÇ/³ÛÝåÇëÇ Ó¨áí. ~ a pity ÇÝã ³÷ëáë. ~
succeeding [sək΄si:diŋ] a ѳçáñ¹: nonsense ³Û¹åÇëÇ ÑÇÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ as it is
success [sək΄ses] n ѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳÕó- ÇÝãåÇëÇÝ áñ ³ÛÝ Ï³. 2. prn ³ÛëåÇëÇÝÁ,
ݳÏ. Ýí³×áõÙ. I wish you (every) ~ гçáÕáõ- ³Û¹åÇëÇÝÁ, ÝÙ³ÝÁ. all ~ μáÉáñ ³Û¹åÇëÇù.
ÃÛáõÝ »Ù ó³ÝϳÝáõÙ. ill ~ ³ÝѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. as ~ áñå»ë ³Û¹åÇëÇÝ:
giddy ~ ·É˳åïáõÛï ѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. be such-and-such [΄sΛt∫ənsΛt∫] a ³ÛëÇÝã,
crowned with ~ ѳçáÕáõÃÛ³Ùμ åë³Ïí»É. ³Û¹ÇÝã, ³ÛÝÇÝã. on ~ day last month ³ÝóÛ³É
score a great ~ Ù»Í Ñ³çáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ëÝ»É. He ³Ùëí³ ³ÛëÇÝã ûñÁ:
was a great ~ as Hamlet ܳ Ù»Í Ñ³çáÕáõÃÛ³Ý suchlike [΄sΛt∫laik] prn ¹ñ³ ÝÙ³Ý. wolves,
ѳë³í гÙÉ»ïÇ ¹»ñáõÙ. The experiment was foxes and ~ ·³ÛÉ»ñÁ, ³Õí»ëÝ»ñÁ ¨ ¹ñ³
a ~ öáñÓÁ ѳçáÕ ³Ýó³í. The book is a ~ ÝÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ/³ÛÉÝ:
¶ÇñùÁ Ù»Í Ñ³çáÕáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝÇ: suck [sΛk] n ÍÍ»É, Ý»ñÍÍ»É. The child was
succeessful [sək΄sesfl] a ѳçáÕ, ѳçáÕ³Ï, ~ing his thumb ºñ»Ë³Ý ÍÍáõÙ ¿ñ Çñ Ù³ïÁ ~
μ³ñ»μ³Ëï. a ~ attempt ѳçáÕ ÷áñÓ. He dry ³ÙμáÕç ÑÛáõÃÁ ÍÍ»É. He ~ed the orange
sucker 808 suggest

dry ܳ ݳñÝçÇ ³ÙμáÕç ÑÛáõÃÁ ÍÍ»ó. ~ the another ~ from insomnia ³ÝùÝáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ë Ù»Ï
pipe Í˳Ùáñ×Á ¹³Ý¹³Õ ÍË»É. ~ up ½áÑ. fellow ~ ¹Åμ³ËïáõÃÛ³Ý/ï³é³å³ÝùÇ
Ý»ñÍÍ»É, ÏɳݻÉ. Ûáõñ³óÝ»É, ïá·áñí»É. ~ ÁÝÏ»ñ:
down Ý»ñë ù³ß»É (³í³½Á, ׳ÑÇ×Á). ~ up to suffering [΄sΛfəriŋ] n ï³é³å³Ýù, ï³Ý-
ùÍÝ»É, ßáÕáùáñûÉ: ç³Ýù:
sucker [΄sΛkə] n ÍÍÏ»ñ, ϳÃݳϻñ. ËëÏó. suffice [sə΄fais] v μ³í³Ï³Ý³óÝ»É, μ³í³-
Óñdzϻñ, ٳϳμáõÛÍ. ~ to flattery ùÍݳÝ- ñ³ñ»É. Ten dollars will ~ him î³ëÁ ¹áɳñÁ
ùÇÝ ïáõñù ï³É: Ýñ³Ý Ïμ³í³Ï³Ý³óÝÇ. His word will ~ Üñ³
suckle [΄sΛkl] v ÏñÍùáí Ï»ñ³Ïñ»É, ÏáõñÍù ËáëùÁ μ³í³Ï³Ý ÏÉÇÝÇ. That will ~
ï³É: ´³í³Ï³Ý ¿. S~ it to say ´³í³Ï³Ý ¿ ³ë»ÉÁ:
suckling [΄sΛkliŋ] n ÍÍÏ»ñ, ÍÍÏ»ñ »ñ»Ë³: sufficiency [sə΄fi∫nsi] n μ³í³ñ³ñ ù³Ý³-
suction [΄sΛk∫n] n ÍÍáõÙ, Ý»ñÍÍáõÙ. ÷Ëμ. ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. μ³í³ñ³ñ/μ³í³Ý³Ï³ã³÷ ÉÇÝ»-
ÙdzݳÉ-Ïåã»ÉÁ, Ý»ñÏåãáõÙ. ~ pump/valve ÉÁ:
Ý»ñÍÍáÕ åáÙå, Ý»ñÍÍÙ³Ý Ï³÷áõÛñ: sufficient [sə΄fi∫nt] n μ³í³Ï³Ý³ã³÷. μ³-
sudden [΄sΛdn] a ѳÝϳñͳÏÇ, ³Ý³ÏÝϳÉ. í³ñ³ñ. ÑÇÙݳíáñí³Í. ~ food μ³í³Ï³Ý³-
³Ýëå³ë»ÉÇ. a ~ decision/change ³Ýëå³ë»ÉÇ ã³÷ áõï»ÉÇù. ~ amount/number μ³í³Ï³-
áñáßáõÙ/÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ death ѳÝ- ݳã³÷ ù³Ý³Ï. ~ reasons μ³í³ñ³ñ å³ï-
ϳñͳٳÑ. a ~ sharp pain ³Ýëå³ë»ÉÇ ëáõñ ׳éÝ»ñ:
ó³í. This is so ~ ê³ ³ÛÝù³Ý ³Ýëå³ë»ÉÇ ¿. suffix [΄sΛfiks] n í»ñç³Í³Ýó:
all of a/on a ~ ѳÝϳñͳÏÇ: suffocate [΄sΛfəkeit] v ˻չ(í)»É ßÝã³-
suddenly [΄sΛdnli] adv ѳÝϳñÍ, ѳÝϳñ- Ñ»ÕÓ/ßÝã³Ïïõñ ÉÇÝ»É. I felt ~d in that atmo-
ͳÏÇ, ³Ý³ÏÝÏ³É Ï»ñåáí: sphere ÷Ëμ. ²Û¹ ÙÃÝáÉáñïáõÙ »ë ßÝã³Ñ»ÕÓ
suds [sΛdz] n û׳é³çáõñ, ë³åݳçáõñ: ¿Ç ÉÇÝáõÙ:
sue [sju:] v ¹³ï³Ï³Ý ϳñ·áí Ñ»ï³åݹ»É, suffocating [΄sΛfəkeitiŋ] a Ñ»ÕÓáõóÇã, Ë»Õ-
¹³ï³Ï³Ý ·áñÍ Ñ³ñáõó»É. ¹³ïÇ ï³É. ~ ¹áÕ. It’s ~ here ú¹Ý ³Ûëï»Õ Ñ»ÕÓáõóÇã ¿:
smb for damages íݳë³Ñ³ïáõóÙ³Ý Ñ³ñó suffocation [‚sΛfə΄kei∫n] n ßÝã³Ñ»ÕÓáõ-
ѳñáõó»É. (Ëݹñ»É. ³Õ»ñë»É) ~ for mercy ÃÛáõÝ, ßÝã³ñ·»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ. ˻չ»ÉÁ, ˻չ³-
ϳñ»ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ/·ÃáõÃÛáõÝ ³Õ»ñë»É/Ëݹñ»É. Ù³Ñ ³Ý»ÉÁ:
~ for divorce ³ÙáõëݳÉáõÍáõÃÛ³Ý suffrage [΄sΛfridз] n ÁÝïñ³Ï³Ý Çñ³íáõÝù,
¹³ï³Ï³Ý ·áñÍ Ñ³ñáõó»É: Ó³ÛÝÇ Çñ³íáõÝù. Ó³ÛÝ, ùí». universal ~
suede [sweid] n, a óí߳ϳßÇ, ½³Ùß. ÁݹѳÝáõñ ÁÝïñ³Ï³Ý Çñ³íáõÝù:
óí߳ϳßí», ½³Ùß»: sugar [΄∫ugə] n ß³ù³ñ. cane ~ »Õ»·Ý³ß³-
suet [΄su:it] n »ñÇϳٳ׳ñå, ÷áñáïÇùÇ ù³ñ. beet (root) ~ ׳Ïݹ»ÕÇ ß³ù³ñ. granu-
׳ñå: lated ~ ß³ù³ñ³í³½. powder/castor ~ ß³ù³-
suffer [΄sΛfə] v ï³é³å»É, ï³Ýçí»É. Ïñ»É, ñ³÷áßÇ. cube/lump ~ Ïïáñ ß³ù³ñ. a lump
ï³Ý»É. ~ from sleeplessness ³ÝùÝáõÃÛáõÝÇó of ~ ÙÇ Ïïáñ ß³ù³ñ. ~ basin/bowl ß³ù³ñ³-
ï³é³å»É. ~ from losses ÏáñáõëïÝ»ñ Ïñ»É. ~ Ù³Ý. ~ beet ß³ù³ñÇ ×³Ïݹ»Õ. ~ refinery ß³-
great pain ³Ñ³íáñ ó³í ½·³É. ~ severe de- ù³ñÇ ·áñͳñ³Ý. ~ plum ÏÉáñ ë³éݳ߳-
feat/losses ͳÝñ å³ñïáõÃÛáõÝ Ïñ»É, Ïá- ù³ñ. ~ tongs ß³ù³ñÇ áõÝ»ÉÇù. ~ loaf ß³ù³-
ñáõëïÝ»ñ ï³É. He doesn’t ~ fools gladly ï³- ñ³Ñ³ó:
Ý»É ãÇ Ï³ñáÕ ÑÇÙ³ñÝ»ñÇÝ. Your reputation sugary [΄∫ugəri] a ß³ù³ñ³Ñ³Ù, ù³Õóñ.
will ~ Ò»ñ ³ÝáõÝÁ/ѳÙμ³íÁ ÏïáõÅÇ. ~ from ÷Ëμ. ßáÕáùáñÃ, ù³Õóñ-Ù»Õóñ:
a limp ϳճÉ. ~ for smth ËëÏó. å³ïÇÅÁ suggest [sə΄dзest] v ³é³ç³ñÏ»É, ËáñÑáõñ¹
Ïñ»É, å³ïÅí»É. ³ñ³ÍÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ å³ï³- ï³É. ~ an idea/topic /work ÙÇïù ï³É. ûٳ/
Ë³Ý ï³É: ³ß˳ï³Ýù ³é³ç³ñÏ»É. (»Ýó¹ñ»É) It is
sufferance [΄sΛfrəns] n ѳݹáõñÅáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ~ed that ...ºÝó¹ñíáõÙ ¿, áñ... (³ÏݳñÏ)
ѳÙμ»ñ³ï³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. He is here on ~ Üñ³Ý Does it ~ nothing to you? ¸³ Ó»½ áãÇÝã ãDZ
³Ûëï»Õ å³ñ½³å»ë ѳݹáõñÅáõÙ »Ý: ³ëáõÙ. What does that sound ~ to you? What
sufferer [΄sΛfərə] n ï³é³åÛ³É, ݳѳï³Ï. are you ~ing by that ? ƱÝã »ë áõ½áõÙ ¹ñ³Ýáí
suggestion 809 summer

³ë»É: Ó¨áí. ~ dressed ѳٳå³ï³ëË³Ý Ó¨áí


suggestion [sə΄dзest∫n] n ³é³ç³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ѳ·Ýí³Í:
³é³ç³ñÏ. make a ~ ³é³ç³ñÏ ³Ý»É. ÙÇïù suit-case [΄su:tkeis] n ׳ÙåñáõÏ:
ï³É/Ý»ñßÝã»É. (³ÏݳñÏ) There was no ~ of suite [swi:t] n ѳí³ù³Ï³½Ù, Éñ³Ï³½Ù,
corruption γ߳éùÇ ³ÏݳñÏ ³Ý·³Ù ãϳñ. ÏáÙåÉ»Ïï. (ÑÛáõñ.) ÉÛáõùë ѳٳñ. »ñÅß.
the power of ~ Ñá·»μ. Ý»ñßÝãÙ³Ý áõÅÁ: ëÛáõÇï. å³É³ï³Ï³Ý ßù³ËáõÙμ. ~ of fur-
suggestive [sə΄dзestiv] a Ùïù»ñ ³é³ç³ó- niture Éñ³Ï³½Ù ϳÑáõÛù. ~ of rooms ë»Ý»-
ÝáÕ. ÙÇïù ËóÝáÕ, Ùï³Ñ³ñáõÛó. a ~ article ϳ߳ñù:
Ñá¹í³Í, áñ Ùï³Í»É ¿ ï³ÉÇë. a ~ joke ³Ï- suited [΄su:tid] a ѳñÙ³ñ, åÇï³ÝÇ.
ݳñÏ å³ñáõݳÏáÕ Ï³ï³Ï: suitor [΄su:tə] n »ñÏñå³·áõ, ëÇñ³Ñ³ñ.
suicidal [‚su:i΄saidl] a ÇÝùݳÏáñͳÝ, ÇÝù- Çñ³í. ѳÛóíáñ, ѳÛó³ï»ñ:
ݳëå³Ý³Ï³Ý. ٳѳóáõ, Ïáñͳݳñ³ñ. sulk [sΛlk] 1. n í³ï/Ùé³ÛÉ ïñ³Ù³¹ñáõ-
feel ~ Çñ»Ý ß³ï í³ï ½·³É: ÃÛáõÝ. 2. v ݻճݳÉ, Ëéáí»É:
suicide [΄su:isaid] n ÇÝùݳëå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. sulky [΄sΛlki] a ËáÅáé, Ùé³Û. íÇñ³íáñí³Í,
commit a ~ ÇÝùݳëå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ·áñÍ»É. at- Ëéáí³Í. look ~ Ëéáí³Í/íÇñ³íáñí³Í
tempted ~ ÇÝùݳëå³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý ÷áñÓ. politi- ï»ëù áõݻݳÉ:
cal ~ ù³Õ³ù³Ï³Ý ÇÝùݳëå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. the sullen [΄sΛlən] a ËáÅáé, Ùé³ÛÉ. a ~ look/sky
~ rate ÇÝùݳëå³ÝÝ»ñÇ ÃÇíÁ/ù³Ý³ÏÁ: ËáÅáé ï»ëù, Ùé³ÛÉ »ñÏÇÝù:
suit [su:t] n ÏáëïÛáõÙ. a summer ~ ³Ù³é³ÛÇÝ sulphate [΄sΛlfeit] n ÍÍÙμ³ÃÃíÇ ³Õ, ëáõÉ-
ÏáëïÛáõÙ. trouser ~ åÇç³Ï ¨ ï³μ³ï. two/ ý³ï:
three piece ~ »ñÏáõ/»ñ»ù ÏïáñÇó μ³Õϳ- sulphur [΄sΛlfə] 1. n ÍÍáõÙμ. 2. a ÍÍÙμ³ÛÇÝ.
ó³Í ÏáëïÛáõÙ. out of ~s ³Ýç³ï, μ³Å³Ý. a ~ spring ÍÍÙμÇ/ÍÍÙμ³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ýù³ÕμÛáõñ£
Çñ³í. ¹³ï³Ï³Ý ·áñÍ, ѳÛó. ~ at law ûñ»Ý- sulphuric [sΛl΄fjuərik] a ~ acid ÍÍÙμ³ÃÃáõ£
ùáí ¹³ï³í×Çé. bring a ~ ѳÛó Ý»ñϳ۳ó- sultana [sΛl΄ta:nə] n ùÇßÙÇß:
Ý»É. criminal ~ ùñ»³Ï³Ý ·áñÍ. ÃÕÃË. ѳ- sultriness [΄sΛltrinəs] n ïáÃ, Ñ»ÕÓáõóÇã û¹:
Ù³·áõÛÝ Ë³Õ³ÃáõÕà (Ù³ëï) Long ~ áõÅ»Õ sultry [΄sΛltri] a ïáÃ, Ñ»ÕÓáõÏ:
˳ճÃáõÕÃ. short ~ ÃáõÛÉ Ë³Õ³ÃáõÕÃ. fol- sum [sΛm] 1. n ·áõÙ³ñ. do ~s Ù³Ã. Ãí³μ³-
low ~ Ù»ÏÇ ûñÇݳÏÇÝ Ñ»ï¨»É, ÁݹûñÇ- Ý³Ï³Ý ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ϳï³ñ»É. ~ total
ݳϻÉ: ÁݹѳÝáõñ ·áõÙ³ñ. fixed ~ ѳëï³ï³-
suit [su:t] v ѳñÙ³ñ»óÝ»É. ѳñÙ³ñ ÉÇÝ»É. He ·ñí³Í ·áõÙ³ñ. in a lump ~ ÙdzÝí³·. good
~ed his style to the listeners ܳ ѳñÙ³ñí»ó in ~s Ãí³μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÇó áõÅ»Õ. 2. v ·áõ-
áõÝÏݹÇñÝ»ñÇ á×ÇÝ. (ѳñÙ³ñ ·³É/ÉÇÝ»É) Ù³ñ»É:
This job/part doesn’t ~ him ²Ûë ³ß˳ï³Ý- summarize [΄sΛməraiz] v ³Ù÷á÷»É,
ùÁ/¹»ñÁ Ýñ³Ý ѳñÙ³ñ ã¿. ~ the market »½ñ³÷³Ï»É. ѳÝñ³·áõÙ³ñÇ μ»ñ»É:
ßáõϳÛÇ å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ μ³í³ñ³ñ»É. They are summary [΄sΛməri] n ѳٳéáï ß³ñ³¹-
well ~ed Üñ³Ýù Çñ³ñ ѳٳå³ï³ë˳- ñ³Ýù, ³Ù÷á÷áõÙ. news ~ Éáõñ»ñÇ ³Ù÷á-
ÝáõÙ »Ý. The dress ~s her perfectly ÞáñÁ Ýñ³Ý ÷áõÙ. a ~ of proceedings ³Ù÷á÷³·Çñ:
ß³ï ¿ ë³½áõÙ. S~ yourself ²ñ»ù ³ÛÝå»ë, summary [΄sΛməri] a ϳñ×, ѳٳéáï a ~
ÇÝãå»ë Ó»½ ѳñÙ³ñ ¿. It doesn’t ~ me to version ϳñ×/ѳٳéáï ß³ñ³¹ñ³Ýù. ~ pro-
come this evening ÆÝÓ Ñ³ñÙ³ñ ã¿ ·³É ³Ûë ceedings å³ñ½»óí³Í/³ñ³·³óí³Í í³-
»ñ»Ïá. Will tomorrow ~ ? ì³ÕÁ ѳñÙ³±ñ ¿ ñáõÛÃ/¹³ï³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ reference ѳٳ-
Ó»½: éáï ÝßáõÙ. (³ñ³·) a ~ order to leave ³ÝÙÇ-
suitable [΄su:təbl] a ѳñÙ³ñ, ѳٳå³- ç³å»ë/³ñ³· Ù»ÏÝ»Éáõ Ññ³Ù³Ý:
ï³ë˳Ý. ~ for ѳñÙ³ñ. the most ~ person summer [΄sΛmə]1. n ³Ù³é. in ~ ³Ùé³ÝÁ.
³Ù»Ý³Ñ³ñÙ³ñ Ù³ñ¹Á. ~ for the occasion high ~ ³Ùé³Ý »éáõÝ ßñç³Ý. Indian ~ ݳ˳-
¹»åùÇÝ Ñ³ñÙ³ñ/ѳٳå³ï³ë˳Ý. The ³ßáõÝ. í³Õ ³ßÝ³Ý ï³ù, ãáñ ûñ»ñÁ. 2. a
³Ù³é³ÛÇÝ, ³Ù³éí³. ~ time ³Ù³é³ÛÇÝ
film is not ~ for children ²Ûë ýÇÉÙÁ »ñ»Ë³-
ųٳݳÏ. ~ camp/resort ³Ù³é³ÛÇÝ ×³Ù-
Ý»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ã¿/»ñ»Ë³Ý»ñÇÝ Ñ³ñÙ³ñ ã¿:
μ³ñ/³éáÕç³ñ³Ý. ~ house ³Ù³é³Ýáó:
suitably [΄su:təbli] adv ѳٳå³ï³ë˳Ý
summery 810 sunshine

summery [΄sΛməri] a ³Ù³é³ÛÇÝ£ sunbaked [΄sΛnbeikt] a ³ñ¨Çó ³Ûñí³Í,


summing up [΄sΛmiŋΛp] ³Ù÷á÷áõÙ, ³ñ¨³í³é ~ earth ³ñ¨Çó ˳ÝÓí³Í ÑáÕ:
»½ñ³÷³ÏÇã Ëáëù. ѳÝñ³·áõÙ³ñÇ μ»ñ»ÉÁ: sun-balkonied house ³ñ¨Çó Éáõë³íáñí³Í
summit [΄sΛmit] n ·³·³Ã, ϳï³ñ. ÷Ëμ. /³ñ¨³Ñ³Û³ó å³ïß·³Ùμáí ïáõÝ£
·³·³Ãݳϻï. ùÕù. μ³ñÓñ ßñç³ÝÝ»ñ. sunbathe [΄sΛnbeiθ] v ³ñ¨³í³é ÉÇݻɣ
μ³ñÓñ³·áõÛÝ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³Ï. a ~ conference sunbeam [΄sΛnbi:m] n ³ñ¨Ç ׳鳷³ÛÃ:
·³·³ÃݳÅáÕáí. ~ talks μ³ñÓñ ٳϳñ¹³- sun blind [΄sΛnblaind] n ³ñ¨³Ï³É (å³ïáõ-
ÏÇ μ³Ý³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: ѳÝÝ»ñÇ, å³ïß·³ÙμÝ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ). ï»Ýï£
summon [΄sΛmən] v Ïáã»É, ϳÝã»É. Ññ³íÇ- sunburn [΄sΛnbə:n] n ³ñ¨³í³éáõÃÛáõÝ,
ñ»É, ·áõÙ³ñ»É. ~ into the room ë»ÝÛ³Ï Ññ³- ³ñ¨Ç ³Ûñí³Íù;
íÇñ»É/ϳÝã»É. ~ the police áëïÇϳÝáõÃÛáõÝ sunburnt [΄sΛnbə:nt] a ³ñ¨³í³é, ³ñ¨Çó
Ññ³íÇñ»É/ϳÝã»É. He was ~ed to the director Ã˳ó³Í. get ~ ³ñ¨³í³é ÉÇÝ»É. ~ face
Üñ³Ý ϳÝã»óÇÝ ïÝûñ»ÝÇ Ùáï. ùÕù. ~ par- ³ñ¨³í³é ¹»Ùù:
liament ËáñÑñ¹³ñ³ÝÇ ÝÇëï ·áõÙ³- sundae [΄sΛndei] n åÉáÙμÇñ (å³Õå³Õ³Ï).
ñ»É/Ññ³íÇñ»É. ~ a witness Çñ³í. íϳÛÇÝ peach ~ ¹»ÕÓÇ åÉáÙμÇñ:
Ññ³íÇñ»É/ϳÝã»É. ~ a jury »ñ¹íÛ³É ³ï»Ý³- Sunday [΄sΛndei] n ÏÇñ³ÏÇ. ~ school
ϳÉÝ»ñÇ ËáñÑáõñ¹ Ññ³íÇñ»É. ~ up one’s ÏÇñ³ÏÝoñÛ³ ¹åñáó. ~ concerts/editions
courage ëÇñï ³éÝ»É, áõÅ»ñÁ ѳí³ù»É: ÏÇñ³ÏÝoñÛ³ ѳٻñ·Ý»ñ/ûñûñ. ~
summons [΄sΛmənz] n Ïáã, ϳÝã, Ññ³í»ñ. best/clothes ïáÝ³Ï³Ý Ñ³·áõëï/½·»ëï:
Çñ³í. ͳÝáõó³·Çñ. serve a ~ on smb sundew [΄sΛndju:] n óáÕ³μáõÛë, óáÕ³Ëáï:
¹³ï³Ï³Ý ͳÝáõó³·Çñ ѳÝÓÝ»ÉÁ: sundial [΄sΛndaiəl] n ³ñ¨Ç ųٳóáõÛó:
sump [sΛmp] n ³íïá. ÓÇÃѳÝ, Ûáõճѳݣ sundries [΄sΛndris] n ³Ûɨ³ÛÉ/³Ù»Ý ï»ë³Ï
sumptuary [΄sΛmpt∫uəri] a ͳËë»ñÇÝ í»- μ³Ý»ñ (ÅáÕáíáõÙ). ½³Ý³½³Ýù£
ñ³μ»ñáÕ, ͳËë»ñÁ ϳÝáݳíáñáÕ/ϳñ- sundry [΄sΛndri] a ï³ñμ»ñ, ï»ë³Ï-ï»-
·³¹ñáÕ: ë³Ï. all and ~ μáÉáñÁ ³é³Ýó μ³ó³éáõÃÛ³Ý:
sumptuous [΄sΛmpt∫uəs] a ßù»Õ, óÝϳñ- sunflower [΄sΛnflauə] n ³ñ¨³Í³ÕÇÏ. ~
Å»ù. ×áË, ÷³ñóÙ. What a ~ meal ! ƯÝã oil/seeds ³ñ¨³Í³ÕÏÇ Ó»Ã/ë»ñÙ»ñ:
Ñá۳ϳå/×áË ×³ßÏ»ñáõÛÃ: sunglasses [΄sΛn‚gla:siz] n ³ñ¨Ç ³ÏÝáóÝ»ñ:
sum up [΄sΛmΛp] »½ñ³÷³Ï»É, ³Ù÷á÷»É, sunken [΄sΛŋkən] a ëáõ½í³Í, çñ³ëáõÛ½. ~
ѳÝñ³·áõÙ³ñÇ μ»ñ»É. ~ up what has been cheeks ÷áë ÁÝϳÍ/ÝÇѳñ³Í ³Ûï»ñ. ~ eyes
said ³Ù÷á÷»É ³ë³ÍÁ. The judge ~med up the Ëáñ ÁÝÏ³Í (³ãù»ñ):
proceedings ¸³ï³íáñÝ ³Ù÷á÷»ó ¹³ï³- sun-hunter [΄sΛnhΛntə] n (ݳ¨ ~ seeker)
ùÝÝáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÝ»ñÁ: ³ñ¨³Ñ³ñ ÉÇÝ»Éáõ ëÇñ³Ñ³ñ:
sun [sΛn] n ³ñ¨, ³ñ»·³Ï. bright/southern/win- sunless [΄sΛnləs] a ³ñ¨³½áõñÏ. ÷Ëμ. Ùé³ÛÉ:
ter/dazzling ~ å³Ûͳé/ѳñ³í³ÛÇÝ/ ÓÙ»é³- sunlight [΄sΛnlait] n ³ñ¨Ç ÉáõÛë:
ÛÇÝ/ßɳóÝáÕ ³ñ¨. a place in the ~ ï»Õ ³ñ¨Ç sunny [΄sΛni] a ³ñ¨áï, å³Ûͳé. a ~ day
ï³Ï. everything under the ~ ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã ³Ûë ³ñ¨áï ûñ. ~ smile å³Ûͳé ÅåÇï. ~ dispo-
³ß˳ñÑáõÙ. right in the ~ áõÕÇÕ ³ñ¨Ç ï³Ï. sition Ï»Ýëáõñ³Ë μݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ:
~ hat/helmet ³ñ¨Ç ·É˳ñÏ/ë³Õ³í³ñï. ~ sunray [΄sΛn‚rei] n ³ñ¨Ç ׳鳷³ÛÃ/ßáÕ. ~
lamp Ïí³ñóÇ É³Ùå. ~ roof ³íïáÛÇ Ñ»ïμ³- treatment ³ñ¨³μáõÅáõÙ:
óáíÇ/Ñ»ï·óáíÇ Ã³÷ϳͳÍÏ. against the ~ sunrise [΄sΛnraiz] n ³ñ¨³Í³·, ³ñß³ÉáõÛë:
ëɳùÇ áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ï³é³Ï. with the ~ sunset [΄sΛnset] n ³ñ¨³Ùáõï, Ù³Ûñ³Ùáõï.
ųٳóáõÛóÇ ëɳùÇ áõÕÕáõÃÛ³Ýμ. bask in the í»ñç³ÉáõÛë. ÷Ëμ. í»ñçÇÝ/½³é³ÙÛ³É Ñ³-
~ ³ñ¨Ç ï³Ï ï³ù³Ý³É. take the ~ ³ñ¨³- ë³Ï. ~ review í»ñçÇÝ í»ñ³Ý³ÛáõÙ:
í³é ÉÇÝ»É. from ~ to ~ ³ñ¨³Í³·Çó Ù³Û- sunshade [΄sΛn∫eid] n Ñáí³Ýáó, ͳÍÏ,
ñ³Ùáõï. His ~ is set Üñ³ ³ëïÕÁ Ù³ñ»É ¿, ï»Ýï£
Üñ³ ųٳݳÏÝ ³Ýó»É ¿: sunshine [΄sΛn∫ain] n ³ñ¨Ç ÉáõÛë, å³ñ½,
sun [sΛn] v ~ oneself ³ñ¨Ç ï³Ï ï³ù³Ý³É. å³ÛÍ³é »Õ³Ý³Ï. ÷Ëμ. áõñ³ËáõÃÛáõÝ,
³ñ¨Ç ³½¹»óáõÃÛ³ÝÁ »ÝóñÏ»É: ËݹáõÃÛáõÝ. You’r a real ray of ~ ¸áõ ÇÙ áõñ³-
sunspot 811 supersonic

ËáõÃÛáõÝÝ »ë, ³ñ¨Ç ßáÕ »ë£ ³í»Éáñ¹, ³Ýï»ÕÇ. feel ~ ³í»Éáñ¹ ½·³É. ~
sunspot [΄sΛnpɒt] n ³ëïÕ·. ³ñ¨Ç μÇÍ. remark ³Ýï»ÕÇ ¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ:
å»å»Ý: superÑuman [‚su:pə΄hju:mən] n ·»ñÙ³ñ¹-
sunstroke [΄sΛnstrəuk] n μÅßÏ. ³ñ¨³Ñ³- ϳÛÇÝ:
ñáõÃÛáõÝ: superimpose [‚su:pərim΄pəuz] v íñ³Ý ¹Ý»É.
suntan [΄sΛntæn] n ³ñ¨³ÛñáõÏ, ³ñ¨³éáõ- Ý߳ݳϻÉ. Ýß³·Í»É. ~ smth on smb Ù»ÏÇ
ÃÛáõÝ. ~ lotion/ oil ÉáëÛáÝ, ÛáõÕ (³ñ¨³Ñ³ñáõ- íñ³ å³ñï³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ ¹Ý»É:
ÃÛ³Ý): superintendence [‚su:pərin΄tendəns] n
suntrap [΄sΛn‚træp] n ³ñ¨Ï»½ ï»Õ/ųٳ- í»ñ³ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛáõÝ:
ݳÏ. Cats search out ~s γïáõÝ»ñÁ ëÇñáõÙ superintendent [‚su:pərin΄tendənt] n Õ»-
»Ý å³éÏ»É ³ñ¨Ï»½ ï»ÕáõÙ: ϳí³ñ, ϳé³í³ñÇã. í»ñ³ÑëÏÇã, í»ñ³Ï³-
sun up [΄sΛnΛp] n ³ñ¨³Í³·£ óáõ:
sup [sΛp]1. n ÏáõÙ, áõÙå. 2. v ·¹³Éáí áõï»É. superior [su΄piəriə] n ³í³·, í»ñ³¹³ë. ~
ÏáõÙ-ÏáõÙ ËÙ»É. ËëÏó. ÁÝÃñ»É: body í»ñ³¹³ë Ù³ñÙÇÝ. (·»ñ³½³Ýó, ɳ-
super [΄su:pə] a ËëÏó. Ññ³ß³ÉÇ, Ñá۳ϳå. í³·áõÛÝ, ³Ù»Ý³μ³ñÓñ áñ³ÏÇ) a ~ brand of
μ³ñÓñ³Ï³ñ·. ·»ñ- ~ human ·»ñÙ³ñ¹Ï³- tea μ³ñÓñáñ³Ï ûÛ. ~ quality μ³ñÓñ áñ³Ï.
ÛÇÝ: be ~ in rank ÏáãáõÙáí ³í»ÉÇ μ³ñÓñ ÉÇÝ»É. a
superabundant [‚su:pərə΄bΛndənt] a Édz- ~ woman ³ñï³ëáíáñ ÏÇÝ. a ~ smile ·áéá½
é³ï: ÅåÇï. (·»ñ³ÏßÇé) ~ forces ·»ñ³ÏßÇé
superannuate [‚su:pər΄ænjueit] v Í»ñáõ- áõÅ»ñ. ³í»ÉÇ μ³ñÓñ (í»ñ ÉÇÝ»É) be ~ to pre-
ÃÛ³Ý å³ï׳éáí ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇó ³½³ï»É/ judice ݳ˳å³ß³ñÙáõÝùÇó í»ñ ÉÇÝ»É:
Ãáß³ÏÇ áõÕ³ñÏ»É: superiority [su‚piəri΄ɒrəti] n ³í³·áõÃÛáõÝ,
superannuated [‚su:pər΄ænjueitid] a ½³- ³í³· ÉÇÝ»ÉÁ (å³ßïáÝáí, ÏáãáõÙáí ¨ ³ÛÉÝ)
é³ÙÛ³É, ß³ï Í»ñ. Ñݳó³Í, û·ï³·áñÍáõ- ·»ñ³½³ÝóáõÃÛáõÝ, ³é³í»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ, ·»ñ³-
ÃÛáõÝÇó ¹áõñë »Ï³Í. a ~ model Ñݳó³Í ÏßéáõÃÛáõÝ. air ~ é½Ù. ·»ñ³½³ÝóáõÃÛáõÝ
Ùá¹»É: û¹áõÙ:
superannuation [‚su:pərænju΄ei∫n] n ï³- superlative [su΄pə:lətiv] 1. n ù»ñ. ·»ñ³-
ñÇùÇ å³ï׳éáí ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇó ³½³- ¹ñ³Ï³Ý ³ëïÇ׳Ý. 2. a μ³ñÓñ³·áõÛÝ,
ïáõÙ/ Ãáß³ÏÇ áõÕ³ñÏáõÙ. ~ contribution ³Ù»Ý³μ³ñÓñ, ·»ñ³·áõÛÝ. a ~ performance
Ãá߳ϳÛÇÝ ³í³Ý¹/Ý»ñ¹ñáõÙ. ~ fund Ãáß³- Ñá۳ϳå ϳï³ñáõÙ:
ϳÛÇÝ ýáݹ: superman [΄su:pəmæn] n ·»ñÙ³ñ¹:
superb [su΄pə:b] a Ñá۳ϳå, ÑdzݳÉÇ, supermarket [΄su:pə‚ma:kit] n ÇÝùݳëå³-
ëù³Ýã»ÉÇ: ë³ñÏÙ³Ý Ë³Ýáõã
supercargo [‚su:pə΄ka:gəu] n Íáí. ³é¨ï- supernatural [‚su:pə΄næt∫rəl] a ·»ñμݳ-
ñ³Ï³Ý ݳí³μ»éÇ å³ï³ë˳ݳïáõ ³ÝÓ: ϳÝ:
supercilious [‚su:pə΄siliəs] a ·áéá½, ٻͳ- super power [΄su:pəpauə] n ѳí³ë³ñÁ
ÙÇï, ³Ùμ³ñï³í³Ý: ãáõÝ»óáÕ áõÅ. ·»ñå»ïáõÃÛáõÝ:
superficial [‚su:pə΄fi∫l] a ٳϻñ»ë³ÛÇÝ. super profit [‚su:pə΄prɒfit] n ·»ñß³ÑáõÛÃ:
¹ñëÇ, ³ñï³ùÇÝ. ~ knowledge ÷Ëμ. áã Ëá- superscribe [΄su:pəskraib] v ٳϳ·ñ»É,
ñÁ/ٳϻñ»ë³ÛÇÝ ·Çï»ÉÇùÝ»ñ. a ~ wound áã ѳëó»³·ñ»É:
ËáñÁ/ٳϻñ»ë³ÛÇÝ í»ñù. ~ resemblance superscript [΄su:pə‚skript] n ÑÙÏñ·. í»ñÇÝ
ϳñÍ»óÛ³É/Ãí³óÛ³É ÝÙ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: Çݹ»ùë. í»ñïáÕ³ÛÇÝ ·ñ³Ýß³Ý:
super-film [΄su:pəfilm] n ·»ñÁÝïÇñ ýÇÉÙ: superscription [‚su:pə΄skrip∫n] n ٳϳ-
superfine [΄su:pəfain] a μ³ñÓñ ï»ë³ÏÇ, ·ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳëó» (ݳٳÏÇ íñ³):
³Ù»Ý³É³í áñ³ÏÇ, ·»ñÁÝïÇñ: supersede [‚su:pə΄si:d] v ÷á˳ñÇÝ»É, ¹áõñë
superfluity [‚su:pə΄flu:əti] n ³é³ïáõÃÛáõÝ, ÙÕ»É. The car has ~d the horse ²íïáÙ»ù»Ý³Ý
Édzé³ïáõÃÛáõÝ. ßé³ÛÉáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ of food and ¹áõñë ÙÕ»ó/÷á˳ñÇÝ»ó ÓÇáõÝ. The model
drink áõï»ÉÇùÇ ¨ ËÙÇãùÇ ³é³ïáõÃÛáõÝ: has been ~d Øá¹»ÉÁ ÷á˳ñÇÝí»ó:
superfluous [su΄pə:fluəs] a ³é³ï, ßé³ÛÉ. supersonic [‚su:pə΄sɒnik] a ·»ñÓ³ÛݳÛÇÝ:
superstition 812 suppose

superstition [‚su:pə΄sti∫n] n ëݳѳí³- supplier [sə΄plaiə] n Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñáÕ:


ïáõÃÛáõÝ, ëÝáïdzå³ßïáõÃÛáõÝ: suppl/y [sə΄plai] n Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñáõÙ, ѳÛ-
superstitious [‚su:pə΄sti∫əs] a ëÝáïdz- óÛÃáõÙ. ~ of fuel í³é»ÉÇùÇ Ù³ï³Ï³-
å³ßï, ëݳѳí³ï: ñ³ñáõÙ. ~ and demand å³Ñ³Ýç³ñÏ ¨ ³é³-
superstructure [΄su:pəstrΛkt∫ə] n í»ñݳ- ç³ñÏ. an inexhaustible ~ ³Ýëå³é å³ß³ñ. ~
ß»Ýù, í»ñݳϳéáõÛó: ies of foods ÙûñùÇ å³ß³ñÝ»ñ. Petrol is in
supertax [΄su:pətæks] n Éñ³óáõóÇ㠻ϳÙ- short ~ ´»Ý½ÇÝÇ å³Ï³ë ϳ/ãÇ μ³í³-
ï³Ñ³ñÏ: ñ³ñáõÙ. a ~ ship/train Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñáÕ
supervene [‚su:pə΄vi:n] v ͳ·»É, μË»É. New ݳí/·Ý³óù/áñ¨¿ ѳÕáñ¹³ÙÇçáó. a ~ tea-
conditions ~d Üáñ ѳݷ³Ù³ÝùÝ»ñ ³é³- cher ųٳݳϳíáñ ÷á˳ñÇÝáÕ ¹³-
ç³ó³Ý: ë³ïáõ:
supervise [΄su:pəvaiz] v ÑëÏ»É, í»ñ³ÑëÏ»É, supply [sə΄plai] v Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñ»É. ïñ³Ù³¹-
ϳé³í³ñ»É, ïÝûñÇÝ»É: ñ»É. Ñá·³É. Éñ³óÝ»É. ~ with milk/water/equip-
superviser [΄su:pəvaizə] n ÑÙÏñ·. ջϳí³- ment/ all the necessary information ϳÃ/çáõñ/
ñáÕ Íñ³·Çñ, ëáõå»ñíǽ»ñ. ~ call ¹ÇÙáõÙ ë³ñù³íáñáõÙ Ù³ï³Ï³ñ³ñ»É. ³ÝÑñ³-
ûå»ñ³óÇáÝ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·ÇÝ: ~ mode ³ñïáÝ- Å»ßï ï»Õ»Ï³ïíáõÃÛáõÝ ïñ³Ù³¹ñ»É:
Û³É/ûå»ñ³óÇáÝ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç é»ÅÇÙ: supply [΄sΛpli] adv ×ÏáõÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ, ßáÕáùáñ-
supervision [‚su:pə΄viзn] n ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, Ãáñ»Ý, ùÍݳÝùáí:
í»ñ³ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ջϳí³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, ϳ- support [sə΄pɔ:t] n ³ç³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ, ûųݹ³-
é³í³ñáõÙ. under the ~ of ջϳí³ñáõÃÛ³Ý, ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ give ~ å³ßïå³Ý»É,
ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï. The project needs ~ ûųݹ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ óáõÛó ï³É. (ѻݳñ³Ý,
Ìñ³·ÇñÁ í»ñ³ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³ñÇù áõÝÇ. Ý»óáõÏ) the family’s ~ ÁÝï³ÝÇùÇ Ý»óáõÏ. in
judicial ~ ¹³ï³Ï³Ý í»ñ³ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛáõÝ£ ~ of Ç å³ßïå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, áñå»ë ³ç³Ï-
supervisor [΄su:pəvaizə] n ÑëÏÇã, í»ñ³- óáõÃÛáõÝ. receive ~ from ϳé³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝÇó
ÑëÏÇã. ϳé³í³ñÇã, ïÝûñ»Ý. ³Ù. ¹åñáóÇ
/ÝÛáõóϳÝ/û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ëï³Ý³É. have no
ï»ëáõã. ·Çï³Ï³Ý ջϳí³ñ. ùÝÝáÕÇ ÁÝû-
means of ~ í³ëï³Ï/»Ï³Ùáõï ãáõݻݳÉ. ~
ñ³Ï³/³ëÇëï»Ýï:
staff ûųݹ³Ï ³ÝÓݳϳ½Ù. ~ troops é½Ù.
supine [΄su:pain] a Ù»çùÇ íñ³ å³éϳÍ. å³ßïå³Ý³Ï³Ý áõÅ»ñ. ~ program ÑÙÏñ·.
÷Ëμ. ÍáõÛÉ, ³É³ñÏáï, ¹³Ý¹³ÕÏáï. a ~ po-
ͳé³ÛáճϳÝ/ûųݹ³Ï Íñ³·Çñ:
sition å³éÏ³Í íÇ׳Ï:
supper [΄sΛpə] n ÁÝÃñÇù. have ~ ÁÝÃñ»É. support [sə΄pɔ:t] v û·Ý»É, ûųݹ³Ï»É,
³ç³Ïó»É. å³ßïå³Ý»É. å³Ñ»É, ͳËë»ñÁ
at/over ~ ÁÝÃñÇùÇ ÁÝóóùáõÙ. the Last S~
Ñá·³É. ~ a candidate/application/motion ûÏ-
ÊáñÑñ¹³íáñ ÁÝÃñÇù:
ݳÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ/³é³ç³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ å³ßïå³-
supplant [sə΄pla:nt] v ¹áõñë ÙÕ»É. ÷Ëμ.
Ý»É. ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ë³ï³ñ»É:
å³ßïáÝÁ ·ñ³í»É:
supple [΄sΛpl] a ×ÏáõÝ, ½ÇçáÕ, ѳñÙ³ñíáÕ: supporter [sə΄pɔ:tə] n ÏáÕÙݳÏÇó, Ñ»-
supplement [΄sΛplimənt] n Éñ³óáõÙ, ï¨áñ¹, å³ßïå³Ý. Ùñ½. Ù³ñ½³ë»ñ:
ѳí»ÉáõÙ, ѳí»Éí³Í. colour ~ ·áõݳ½³ñ¹ supporting [sə΄pɔ:tiŋ] a ѻݳϻï³ÛÇÝ,
ѳí»Éí³Í: Ý»óáõϳÛÇÝ. ÏñáÕ. a ~ wall ÑÇÙݳå³ï. ~
supplement [΄sΛpliment] v Éñ³óÝ»É, role óïñ. »ñÏñáñ¹³Ï³Ý ¹»ñ:
³í»É³óÝ»É. ~ one’s knowledge ·Çï»ÉÇùÝ»ñÁ suppose [sə΄pəuz] v »Ýó¹ñ»É, ϳñÍ»É,
Éñ³óÝ»É. I do translations to ~ my income ºë Ñݳñ³íáñ ѳٳñ»É. I ~ he is right γñÍáõÙ
óñ·Ù³ÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ »Ù ³ÝáõÙ ûųݹ³Ï »Ù, áñ ݳ ×Çßï ¿. I never ~d him to be a doc-
»Ï³ÙáõïÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ: tor ºñμ»ù ã¿Ç ϳñÍÇ, áñ ݳ μÅÇßÏ ¿ I ~ so
supplementary [‚sΛpli΄mentəri] a гí³Ý³μ³ñ ³Û¹å»ë ¿. She is ~d to be clever
Éñ³óáõóÇã, ѳí»ÉÛ³É. ~ benefits Éñ³óáõóÇã Üñ³Ý ˻ɳóÇ »Ý ѳٳñáõÙ. ~ that »Ý-
Ýå³ëï. ~ evidence Éñ³óáõóÇã/ѳí»ÉÛ³É Ã³¹ñ»Ýù. Supposing it rains? ÆëÏ »Ã» ³ÝÓñ¨
³å³óáõÛó: ·³±. S~ we go for a walk â·Ý³±Ýù ½μá-
suppliant [΄sΛpliənt] n Ëݹñ³ïáõ, ËݹñáÕ, ë³ÝùÇ. (å»ïù ¿, áñ) He is ~d to leave today
ѳÛóáÕ: ä»ïù ¿ áñ ݳ ³Ûëûñ Ù»ÏÝÇ. The key is ~d to
supposed 813 surgery

fit the lock ä»ïù ¿ áñ ³Ûë μ³Ý³ÉÇÝ μ³óÇ surely [΄∫ɔ:li] adv ³Ýßáõßï, íëï³Ñáñ»Ý,
ÏáÕå»ùÁ/ѳñÙ³ñ ·³: ³ÝϳëϳÍ. slowly but ~ ¹³Ý¹³Õ, μ³Ûó
supposed [sə΄pəuzd] a Ãí³óáÕ, ϳñÍ»óÛ³É, ³å³Ñáí/íëï³Ñáñ»Ý. stand ~ for »ñ³ß˳-
»Ýó¹ñÛ³É: íáñ»É. We’ve ~ met somewhere гÙá½í³Í
supposedly [sə΄pəuzidli] adv »Ýó¹ñ³μ³ñ, »Ù, áñ ÇÝã-áñ ï»Õ ѳݹÇå»É »Ýù. S~ there is
ѳí³Ý³μ³ñ: some mistake ²ÝϳëÏ³Í ÇÝã-áñ ëË³É Ï³.
supposition [‚sΛpə΄zi∫n] n »Ýó¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ. He’s over 70, S~ not ܳ 70 ³Ýó ¿, âÇ° ϳñáÕ
on the ~ that »Ã», ³ÛÝ ¹»åùáõÙ »Ã»: å³ï³Ñ»É:
suppress [sə΄pres] v ×Ýß»É, ÁÝÏ×»É. ½ëå»É, surety [΄∫ɔ:rəti] n »ñ³ß˳íáñ, »ñ³ß˳íá-
óùóÝ»É. ~ yawn/tears/emotions Ñáñ³ÝçÁ/ ñáõÃÛáõÝ. personal ~ ³ÝÓÝ³Ï³Ý »ñ³ß˳íá-
³ñóáõÝùÝ»ñÁ/½·³óÙáõÝùÝ»ñÁ ½ëå»É. ~ re- ñáõÃÛáõÝ. stand a ~ for (ÙÇ μ³ÝÇ) ѳٳñ
volt ³åëï³ÙμáõÃÛáõÝÁ ×Ýß»É. ~ a scandal »ñ³ß˳íáñ ¹³éݳÉ:
ëϳݹ³ÉÁ/˳Ûï³é³ÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÏáÍÏ»É/ÁÝ- suretyship [΄∫ɔ:rəti∫ip] n »ñ³ß˳íáñáõ-
óóù ãï³É. ~ facts/truth óùóÝ»É/ÉéáõÃÛ³Ý ÃÛáõÝ:
Ù³ïÝ»É ÷³ëï»ñÁ/ ×ßÙ³ñïáõÃÛáõÝÁ. ~ the surf [sə:f] n Ù³ÏÁÝóóáõÃÛáõÝ. ³ÉÇù:
book ·ÇñùÝ ³ñ·»É»É: surface [΄sə:fis] n ٳϻñ»ë, ٳϻñ¨áõÛÃ.
suppression [sə΄pre∫n] n ×ÝßáõÙ, ÁÝÏ×áõÙ. ³ñï³ùÇÝ ÏáÕÙÁ, ³ñï³ùÇÝÁ. smooth/
½ëåáõÙ, ³ñ·»ÉáõÙ. ~ of crime ѳÝó³·áñ- rough/hard ~ ѳñÃ/³ÝѳñÃ/³Ùáõñ, åÇݹ
ÍáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³ÝËáõÙÁ: ٳϻñ»ë. ~ waters ٳϻñ»ë³ÛÇÝ çñ»ñ. on
supremacy [su΄preməsi] n ·»ñ³½³Ýóáõ- the ~ ³é»ñ»ë, ³ñï³ùáõëï. under the ~ Ý»ñ-
ÃÛáõÝ, ·»ñÇß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. naval/air ~ ·»ñ³- ùáõëï, ¿áõÃÛ³Ùμ. ~ noise ٳϻñ»ë³ÛÇÝ ³Õ-
½³ÝóáõÃÛáõÝ Íáí»ñáõÙ/û¹áõÙ: ÙáõÏ. ~ tension ٳϻñ»ë³ÛÇÝ É³ñáõÙ. ~ mail
supreme [su΄pri:m] a ·»ñ³·áõÛÝ, μ³ñÓñ³- ѳë³ñ³Ï/ëáíáñ³Ï³Ý ³é³ùáõÙ. ~ work
·áõÛÝ, í»ñÇÝ. ~ power ·»ñ³·áõÛÝ Çß˳Ýáõ- ³ß˳ï³Ýù ٳϻñ»ëÇ íñ³. ~-to-air ·»ïÇÝ
ÃÛáõÝ. It’s a ~ example of ËëÏó. ¸³ í³é - û¹/»ñÏÇÝù. ~- to-air weapons “·»ïÇÝ -
ûñÇÝ³Ï ¿: »ñÏÇÝù” ½»Ýù. ~ man »ñÏÃ. áõÕ»ÑëÏÇã:
surcharge [΄sə:t∫a:dз] n Éñ³óáõóÇã μ»é, surface [΄sə:fis] v ٳϻñ»ëÁ ÑÕÏ»É/ï³ß»É.
·»ñ³Í³Ëë. Éñ³óáõóÇã/ѳí»ÉÛ³É í׳ñ. pay çñÇ »ñ»ë ¹áõñë ·³É. ͳÍÏ»É. ~ a road ׳-
a ~ on the letter ݳٳÏÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ Éñ³óáõóÇã ݳå³ñÑÁ ͳÍÏ»É. The diver ~d êáõ½áñ¹Á
í׳ñ»É. put a ~ on alcohol ѳí»ÉÛ³É í׳ñ çñÇ »ñ»ë ¹áõñë »Ï³í. He suddenly ~d after
¹Ý»É ³ÉÏáÑáÉÇÏ ËÙÇãùÝ»ñÇ íñ³: three months ÷Ëμ. ºñ»ù ³ÙÇë ³Ýó ݳ
sure [∫ɔ:] a ѳÙá½í³Í, ѳí³ï³ó³Í. ѳÝϳñÍ Ñ³ÛïÝí»ó:
íëï³Ñ. be ~ ѳÙá½í³Í ÉÇÝ»É. (ѳëï³- surf board [΄sə:fbɔ:d] n ë»ñýÇÝ·Ç ï³Ë-
ïáõÝ, ³Ýë³ë³Ý) stand ~ ³Ùáõñ Ï³Ý·Ý³Í ï³Ï:
ÉÇÝ»É. ~ of oneself ÇÝùݳíëï³Ñ. (ѳí³ë- surfeit [΄sə:fit] n ³Ýã³÷³íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ of
ïÇ, ѳëï³ï) a ~ method/remedy ѳí³ëïÇ food and drink áõï»Éáõ ¨ ËÙ»Éáõ ³Ýã³÷³-
Ù»Ãá¹/ÙÇçáó. It’s a ~ thing ¸³ ѳëï³ï íáñáõÃÛáõÝ. have a ~ of concerts ËëÏó.
μ³Ý ¿. He’s ~ to win ܳ ѳëï³ï ÏѳÕÃÇ. ã³÷Çó ³í»ÉÇ ß³ï ѳٻñ·Ý»ñ ѳ׳˻É:
make ~ ѳÙá½(í)»É. íëï³Ñ»óÝ»É. make ~ surfing [΄sə:fiŋ] n ë»ñýÇÝ·/ëÁñýÇÝ·£
that... ѳÙá½í»É áñ. to be ~ ѳÙá½í³Í surge [sə:dз] 1. n Ù»Í ³ÉÇù, ³ÉÇùÝ»ñ,
ÉÇÝ»Éáõ ѳٳñ. make ~ of seats ï»Õ»ñÝ ³É»ÏáÍáõÃÛáõÝ. 2. v ³É»ÏáÍí»É, ËéÝí»É.
³å³Ñáí»É: ¹Ç½í»É. The crowd ~d round the sculpture
sure [∫ɔ:] adv ËëÏó. ÇѳñÏ», ³Ýßáõßï, ³Ý- ²ÙμáËÁ ËéÝí»ó ³ñÓ³ÝÇ ßáõñçÁ. ~ out
ϳëϳÍ. He is ~ wealthy/stupid ܳ Çëϳå»ë ¹áõñë ó÷í»É/Ñáë»É:
ѳñáõëï ¿/ÑÇÙ³ñ ¿. as ~ as ³ÛÝå»ë ѳë- surgeon [΄sə:dзən] n íÇñ³μáõÛÅ, ½ÇÝíáñ³-
ï³ï, ÇÝãå»ë. as ~ as eggs is eggs ѳëï³ï Ï³Ý μÅÇßÏ:
ÇÝãå»ë »ñÏáõ ³Ý·³Ù »ñÏáõ ãáñë ¿. as ~ as surgery [΄sə:dзəri] n íÇñ³μáõÅáõÃÛáõÝ,
fate ëïáõÛ·, ³ÝϳëϳÍ. ~ enough (¹») íÇñ³μáõÛÅÇ Áݹáõݳñ³Ý. open chest ~ μ³ó
ÇѳñÏ»: ÏñÍù³í³Ý¹³ÏÇ íÇñ³Ñ³ïáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ in
surgical 814 survive

progress íÇñ³Ñ³ïáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÁÝóóùÇ Ù»ç ¿. ѳÝÓÝí»ÉÁ. ϳåÇïáõÉÛ³ódz. unconditional


~ hours ÁݹáõÝ»ÉáõÃÛ³Ý Å³Ù»ñ: ~ ³Ýí»ñ³å³Ñ ϳåÇïáõÉÛ³ódz. ~ at dis-
surgical [΄sə:dзikl] a íÇñ³μáõųϳÝ: cretion ѳÕÃáÕÇ ·Ã³ëñïáõÃÛ³ÝÁ ѳÝÓÝÁ-
surly [΄sə:li] a Ùé³ÛÉ, ËáÅáé. ÏáåÇï, ³Ý- í»É. ~ of all firearms ³ÙμáÕç Ññ³½»ÝÇ Ñ³ÝÓ-
ëÇñ³ÉÇñ: ÝáõÙ:
surmise [sə΄maiz] 1. n »Ýó¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ, surrender [sə΄rendə] v ѳÝÓÝ»É, ³ÝÓݳ-
Ïé³ÑáõÙ. 2. v »Ýó¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»É, »Ý- ïáõñ ÉÇÝ»É. ï»ÕÇ ï³É. ~ the town to the
ó¹ñ»É. ϳëϳͻÉ: enemy ù³Õ³ùÁ ÃßݳÙáõÝ Ñ³ÝÓÝ»É. ~ one’s
surmount [sə΄maunt] v ѳÕóѳñ»É. rights Çñ Çñ³íáõÝùÇó Ññ³Å³ñí»É:
í»ñç³íáñ»É, ͳÍÏ»É. ~ difficulties ¹Åí³ñáõ- surreptitous [‚sΛrəp΄ti∫əs] a ·³ÕïÝÇ,
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ѳÕóѳñ»É. The dome was ~ed ͳÍáõÏ, óùáõÝ:
by a cross ʳãÁ åë³ÏáõÙ ¿ñ ·Ùμ»ÃÁ: surrogate [΄sΛrəgət] n ÷á˳ñÇÝáÕ, ÷á˳-
surmountable [sə΄mauntəbl] a ѳÕóѳ- Ýáñ¹. ~ mother ÷áËݳÏ/ëáõéá·³ï Ù³Ûñ:
ñ»ÉÇ: surround [sə΄raund] v ßñç³å³ï»É. The stu-
surname [΄sə:neim] n ³½·³ÝáõÝ, ٳϳ- dents ~ed him àõë³ÝáÕÝ»ñÁ ßñç³å³ï»óÇÝ
ÝáõÝ: Ýñ³Ý. The garden is ~ed by poplars ²Û·áõ ãáñë
surpass [sə΄pa:s] v ·»ñ³½³Ýó»É, ³é³ç ÏáÕÙÁ μ³ñ¹ÇÝ»ñ »Ý ³×áõÙ. ²Û·ÇÝ ßñç³-
³ÝóÝ»É/ÁÝÏÝ»É. He ~ed himself ܳ ÇÝùÝ å³ïí³Í ¿ μ³ñ¹ÇÝ»ñáí. The affair is ~ed by
Çñ»Ý ·»ñ³½³Ýó»ó: mystery ²Ûë ·áñÍÁ ·³ÕïÝÇùáí ¿ å³ïí³Í:
surplus [΄sə:pləs] n ³í»ÉóáõÏ, ѳí»Éáñ¹, surroundings [sə΄raundiŋz] n ßñç³Ï³Ûù,
Ùݳóáñ¹. ~ value ѳí»ÉÛ³É ³ñÅ»ù. ~ profit Ù»ñӳϳÛù. ßñç³å³ï, ÙÇç³í³Ûñ. the ~ of
ѳí»ÉÛ³É ß³ÑáõÛÃ: London ÈáݹáÝÇ Ù»ñӳϳÛùÁ. strange ~ ³Ý-
surplus [΄sə:pləs] a ³í»Éáñ¹, ³í»ÉóáõϳÛÇÝ, ͳÝáà ßñç³å³ï. natural ~ μÝ³Ï³Ý ÙÇç³-
ѳí»ÉÛ³É. ~ copies ѳí»ÉÛ³É ûñÇݳÏÝ»ñ. ~ í³Ûñ:
to one’s needs ³í»ÉÇÝ ù³Ý å»ïù ¿: surtax [΄sə:tæks] n ³í»É³¹Çñ/Éñ³óáõóÇã
surprise [sə΄praiz] n ½³ñÙ³Ýù, ³Ýëå³- ѳñÏ:
ë»ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ. by ~ ³Ý³ÏÝÏ³É Ï»ñåáí. to my surveillance [sə΄veiləns] n ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛáõÝ.
~ Ç ½³ñÙ³Ýë. give smb a ~ ³Ý³ÏÝÏ³É Ù³- under ~ ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï:
ïáõó»É. a complete ~ ϳï³ñÛ³É ³Ýëå³ë»- survey [sə΄vei] n ¹ÇïáõÙ, ½ÝÝáõÙ. áõëáõÙ-
ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ. take by ~ ³Ý³ÏÝϳÉÇ μ»ñ»É. ~ at- ݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ. ³Ù÷á÷áõÙ, ³ÏݳñÏ. carry
tack ѳÝϳñͳÏÇ Ñ³ñÓ³ÏáõÙ. a ~ gift out a ~ of public opinion ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý
³Ý³ÏÝϳÉ, ëÛáõñåñǽ. a ~ visit ³Ýëå³- ϳñÍÇùÇ Ñ³ñóáõ٠ϳï³ñ»É. general ~ of
ë»ÉÇ ³Ûó»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ: the situation Çñ³íÇ׳ÏÇ ÁݹѳÝáõñ ³Ù÷á-
surprise [sə΄praiz] v ½³ñÙ³óÝ»É, ßßÙ»óÝ»É. ÷áõÙ/ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ:
³åß»óÝ»É. He was ~d to hear ܳ ½³ñÙ³ó³í survey [sə΄vei] v ¹Çï»É, ½ÝÝ»É, ëïáõ·»É. ~
Éë»Éáí/ÇٳݳÉáí. I shouldn’t be ~d ºë ã¿Ç the landscape ï»Õ³ÝùÁ ½ÝÝ»É. ~ the island
½³ñٳݳ. It is nothing to be ~d at àã ÙÇ ÏÕ½áõ ï»Õ³·ñ³Ï³Ý ·Í³Ñ³Ýáõ٠ϳï³-
½³ñٳݳÉÇ μ³Ý ãϳ. (³Ý³ÏÝϳÉÇ μ»ñ»É) ñ»É:
We ~d the enemy Ø»Ýù ÃßݳÙáõÝ surveying [sə΄veiiŋ] n Ýϳñ³Ñ³ÝÙ³Ý ³ß-
ѳÝϳñͳÏÇÇ/³Ý³ÏÝϳÉÇ μ»ñ»óÇÝù. ˳ï³ÝùÝ»ñ:
They ~d me at breakfast ÆÝÓ Ý³Ë³×³ß»ÉÇë surveyor [sə΄veiə] n ï»ëáõã, í»ñ³ÑëÏÇã.
·ï³Ý: ï»Õ³·Çñ, ï»Õ³Ýù³·Çñ. ÑáÕ³ã³÷:
surprising [sə΄praiziŋ] a ³Ýëå³ë»ÉÇ, ½³ñ- survival [sə΄vaivl] n í»ñ³åñ»ÉÁ, ϻݹ³ÝÇ
ٳݳÉÇ, ³åß»óáõóÇã: ÙݳÉÁ. í»ñ³åñáõÏ. a ~ of the past ³ÝóÛ³ÉÇ
surprisingly [sə΄praiziŋ] adv ½³ñٳݳ- í»ñ³åñáõÏ. the ~ of the fittest μݳϳÝ
ÉÇáñ»Ý. He looked ~ happy ܳ ½³ñٳݳÉÇá- ÁÝïñáõÃÛáõÝ. ³Ù»Ý³Ñ³ñÙ³ñí³ÍÇ í»ñ³å-
ñ»Ý »ñç³ÝÇÏ ï»ëù áõÝ»ñ. ~ enough (μ³Ûó) ñáõÙÁ£
μ³í³Ï³Ý ½³ñٳݳÉÇáñ»Ý: survive [sə΄vaiv] v ϻݹ³ÝÇ/áÕç ÙݳÉ, í»-
surrender [sə΄rendə] n é½Ù. ѳÝÓÝáõÙ, ñ³åñ»É. Two people ~d the crash ìóñÇó
survivor 815 swallow I

÷ñÏí»óÇÝ »ñÏáõ Ñá·Ç. This custom still ~s ~ bridge ϳËáíÇ Ï³Ùáõñç. ~ of a sentence
²Ûë ëáíáñáõÛÃÁ ¹»é¨ë å³Ñå³ÝíáõÙ ¿/·á- Çñ³í. ¹³ï³í×éÇ Ç Ï³ï³ñ ³ÍáõÙÇ Ñ»-
ÛáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝÇ. Don’t worry, he’ll ~ ØÇ ³Ý- ï³Ó·»ÉÁ:
ѳݷëï³Ý³, ݳ ¹áõñë ÏåñÍÝÇ/Ï÷ñÏíÇ: suspicion [sə΄spi∫n] n ϳëϳÍ, ϳëϳ-
survivor [sə΄vaivə] n áÕç Ùݳó³Í/³½³ï- ͳÝù. aroëse/strengthen/remove ~ ϳëϳÍ
í³Í/÷ñÏí³Í ³ÝÓ. There were no ~s àã áù ³é³ç³óÝ»É/áõŻճóÝ»É/óñ»É. be under/
ã÷ñÏí»ó: above ~ ϳëϳÍÇ ï³Ï/ϳëϳÍÇó í»ñ
susceptibility [sə‚septə΄biləti] n ¹Ûáõñ³- ÉÇÝ»É. mere ~ ³ÝÑÇÙÝ Ï³ëϳÍ. faintest ~ of
½·³óáõÃÛáõÝ, ¹ÛáõñÁÝϳÉáõÃÛáõÝ, ·»ñ½·³- a smile ÷Ëμ. ѳ½Çí Ýϳï»ÉÇ ÅåÇï. a ~ of
ÛáõÝ μݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ: cinnamon ÙÇ åïÕáõÝó ¹³ñãÇÝ:
susceptible [sə΄septəbl] a ïå³íáñíáÕ, suspicious [sə΄spi∫əs] a ϳëϳͻÉÇ, ϳëϳ-
¹Ûáõñ³½·³ó. ßáõï íÇñ³íáñíáÕ. ëÇñ³Ñ³ñ- Íáï, ϳëϳͳÙÇï. a ~ nature ϳëϳͻÉÇ
Ïáï. ~ to colds/flattery/influence of others ÑÇ- Ù³ñ¹/³ÝÓݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ. become ~ ëÏë»É
í³Ý¹áõÃÛ³Ý/ßáÕáùáñÃáõÃÛ³Ý ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ ϳëϳͻÉ. I am ~ of him ºë Ýñ³Ý ϳëϳ-
ѳÏáõÙ áõÝ»óáÕ. Ñ»ßïáõÃÛ³Ùμ áõñÇßÇ ³½- ÍáõÙ »Ù. look ~ ϳëϳͻÉÇ ï»ëù áõݻݳÉ:
¹»óáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï ÁÝÏÝáÕ: sustain [sə΄stein] n å³Ñ»É, Ý»óáõÏ/ѻݳñ³Ý
suspect [΄sΛspekt] n ϳëϳÍÛ³É. ϳëÏ³Í ÉÇÝ»É. ~ life ÏÛ³ÝùÁ å³Ñå³Ý»É. (ß³ñáõݳ-
ѳñáõóáÕ. ~ identification Çñ³í. ϳëϳÍÛ³- Ï»É) ~ a conversation ½ñáõÛóÁ ß³ñáõݳϻÉ. ~
ÉÇ ÇÝùÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ å³ñ½»ÉÁ: the pretence ß³ñáõÝ³Ï»É Ó¨³óÝ»É. The court
suspect [΄sΛspekt] a ϳëϳͻÉÇ. His evi- ~ed his pretence Çñ³í. ¸³ï³ñ³ÝÁ ѳëï³-
dence is ~ Üñ³ íϳÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ ϳëϳͻÉÇ ¿: ï»ó Ýñ³ å³Ñ³ÝçÁ. ~ a note »ñÅß. Ýáï³Ý
suspect [sə΄spekt] v ϳëϳͻÉ, ï³ñ³Ïáõ- Ó·»É. (ï³Ý»É, Ïñ»É, »ÝóñÏí»É) They ~ed
ë»É, »ñÏÙï»É. ~ of murder ëå³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç terrible injuries/losses Üñ³Ýù ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ
ϳëϳͻÉ. ~ the truth of his words Ýñ³ μ³- íݳëݳÍùÝ»ñ ëï³ó³Ý. ͳÝñ Ïáñáõëï-
é»ñÁ ϳëϳÍÇ ï³Ï ³éÝ»É. (ϳñÍ»É, Ý»ñ ïí»óÇÝ:
ï³ñ³Ïáõë»É) I ~ she knows more ϳñÍáõÙ sustainable [sə΄steinəbl] a 勉ϳÝ, ϳ-
»Ù, áñ ݳ ³í»ÉÇÝ ·ÇïÇ. I ~ed as much ºë ÛáõÝ, Ï»ÝëáõݳÏ. »ñϳñ³ï¨, ³ÝÁݹѳï:
³Û¹å»ë ¿É ϳñÍáõÙ ¿Ç: sustained [sə΄steind] a »ñϳñ³ï¨, ³ÝÁݹ-
suspend [sə΄spend] v ϳ˻É, Ï³Ë ï³É. The ѳï:
lamp was ~ed from the ceiling (Áݹѳï»É, ¹³- sustaining [sə΄steiniŋ] a ëÝݹ³ñ³ñ, ëÝáõ-
¹³ñ»óÝ»É) ųٳݳϳíáñ. Payment has óÇã:
been ~ed ì׳ñáõÙÝ»ñÁ ¹³¹³ñ»óí»É »Ý. The sustenance [΄sΛstənəns] n Ï»Ýë³ÙÇçáó,
rule has been ~ed γÝáÝÁ/ijٳݳϳíá- ëÝáõݹ. have no means of ~ ³åñáõëïÇ ÙÇçáó
ñ³å»ë ϳë»óí»ó. ~ from job/college ãáõݻݳÉ:
³ß˳ï³ÝùÇó/ùáÉ»çÇó ųٳݳϳíá- suture [΄su:t∫ə] n ϳñ. μÅßÏ. ϳñ ¹Ý»ÉÁ.
ñ³å»ë Ñ»é³óí»É: í»ñùÁ ϳñ»Éáõ ûÉ:
suspended [sə΄spendid] a Ï³Ë ïí³Í, ϳ- swab [swɒb] 1. n ßí³μñ. μÅßÏ. íÇñ³ËÍáõÍ.
ËáíÇ. Ñ»ï³Ó·í³Í, ųٳݳϳíáñ³å»ë ï³ÙåáÝ. 2. v ~ ßí³μñ»É. Ù³ùñ»É, Éí³Ý³É.
¹³¹³ñ»óí³Í. a ~ sentence Çñ³í. å³ÛÙ³- ~ a floor/the decks ѳï³ÏÁ/ï³Ëï³Ï³-
Ý³Ï³Ý ¹³ï³í×Çé. ~ state ÑÙÏñ·. ëå³ë- Ù³ÍÁ Éí³Ý³É:
Ù³Ý/ųٳݳϳíáñ ¹³¹³ñÇ íÇ׳Ï: swaddle [΄swɒdl] v μ³ñáõñ»É, í»ñÙ³Ïáí
suspenders [sə΄spendəs] n ·áõÉå³Û³Ï³å. ÷³Ã³Ã»É:
ß³Éí³ñ³Ï³É, ï³μ³ï³Ï³É. ~ belt ·áïÇ: swag [swæg] n ÏáÕáåáõï, óɳÝ, ³í³ñ:
suspense [sə΄spens] n ³ÝáñáßáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ý- swagger [΄swægə] n ÇÝùݳ·áÑ ï»ëùáí ù³Û-
ѳÛïáõÃÛáõÝ. ëå³ëáÕ³Ï³Ý íÇ׳Ï. in ~ É»É. ~ round the room ÇÝùݳ·áÑ ï»ëùáí
³ÝѳÛïáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç. The ~ is killing me ë»ÝÛ³ÏáõÙ ù³ÛÉ»É. (å³ñͻݳÉ, ÑáËáñï³É)
²ÝáñáßáõÃÛáõÝÁ ëå³ÝÇã ¿: ~ about smth å³ñÍ»Ý³É ÇÝã-áñ μ³Ýáí:
suspension [sə΄spen∫n] n ¹³¹³ñ»óáõÙ, Áݹ- swallow I [΄swɒləu] n ÍÇÍ»éݳÏ. ~ dive
ѳïáõÙ. ïÝï. í׳ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ ¹³¹³ñ»óáõÙ. ÍÇÍ»éݳϳó³ïÏ:
swallow II 816 sweep

swallow II [΄swɒləu] n ÏáõÙ, áõÙå. at a ~ ÙÇ swathe [sweið] n ϳå, ÷³Ã³Ã³Ý, íÇñ³-


ÏáõÙáí: ϳå:
swallow [΄swɒləu] v ÏáõÉ ï³É. ~ the swathe [sweið] v íÇñ³Ï³å»É, ÷³Ã³Ã»É.
beer ·³ñ»çáõñÁ ÏáõÉ ï³É. The girl ~ed the ~d in blankets/bandages/furs í»ñÙ³ÏÝ»ñÇ/Ùáñ-
bait ÷Ëμ. ²ÕçÇÏÁ ÏáõÉ ïí»ó ˳ÛÍÁ. (³Ý- ÃÇÝ»ñÇ Ù»ç ÷³Ã³Ãí³Í:
å³ï³ëË³Ý ÃáÕÝ»É) He ~ed the insult ܳ sway [swei] v ×á×(í)»É, ï³ñ³Íí»É. ³½¹»-
ÏáõÉ ïí»ó íÇñ³íáñ³ÝùÁ. (½ëå»É) ~ one’s óáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ. He was ~ed by my argu-
pride Ñå³ñïáõÃÛáõÝÁ ½ëå»É. hard to ~ ment ÆÙ ÷³ëï³ñÏÝ»ñÁ ³½¹»óÇÝ Ýñ³
ËëÏó., ÷Ëμ. ¹Åí³ñ³Ù³ñë, ¹Åí³ñ Ù³ñ- áñáßÙ³Ý íñ³. He is easily ~ed Üñ³ íñ³
ë»ÉÇ: ß³ï Ñ»ßï ¿ ³½¹»É:
swamp [swɒmp] n ׳ÑÇ×, ׳Ñ×áõï: swear [sweə] v »ñ¹í»É, »ñ¹áõÙ ï³É. ~ an oath
swamp [swɒmp] v çñáí ͳÍÏ»É, áÕáÕ»É. A »ñ¹í»É, »ñ¹áõÙ ï³É. I could have sworn
huge wave ~ed the boat ÐëÏ³Û³Ï³Ý ³ÉÇùÁ ä³ïñ³ëï »Ù »ñ¹í»É. ~ vengeance »ñ¹í»É
ͳÍÏ»ó ݳí³ÏÁ. The town was ~ed by íñ»Å ÉáõÍ»É. ~ smn to secrecy ëïÇå»É Ù»ÏÇÝ
tourists ¼μáë³ßñçÇÏÝ»ñÁ áÕáÕ»óÇÝ ù³Õ³- »ñ¹í»É ·³ÕïÝÇùÁ å³Ñ»É. He swore to the
ùÁ. ~ with requests ѳñó»ñÇ ï³ñ³÷ ï»- truth of his words ܳ »ñ¹í»ó, áñ Çñ Ëáëù»ñÁ
Õ³É. be ~ed with work ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ Ù»ç ×ßÙ³ñÇï »Ý. ~ an affidavit Çñ³í. »ñ¹Ù³Ùμ
Ëñí³Í ÉÇÝ»É: ·ñ³íáñ íϳÛáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É. ~ in a witness
swampy [΄swɒmpi] a ׳Ñ×áï, ׳Ñ׳߳ï: Çñ³í. íϳÛÇÝ »ñ¹í»óÝ»É/»ñ¹í»É ï³É.
swan [swɒn] n ϳñ³å. black ~ ë¨ Ï³ñ³å. (ѳÛÑáÛ»É) Don’t ~ at me ØÇ Ñ³ÛÑáÛ»ù ÇÝÓ. ~
÷Ëμ. ³Ýëáíáñ »ñ¨áõÛÃ. the S~ of Avon ÷Ëμ. by Ïáõñáñ»Ý ѳí³ï³É:
Þ»ùëåÇñÁ. ~ song ÷Ëμ. ϳñ³åÇ »ñ·: swearword [΄sweəwə:d] n ѳÛÑá۳ϳÝ
swank [swæŋk] 1. n å³ñÍ»ÝÏáïáõÃÛáõÝ, μ³é»ñ:
ëݳå³ñÍáõÃÛáõÝ. å³ñÍ»ÝÏáï, ëݳå³ñÍ sweat [swet] n ùñïÇÝù. in a ~ ùñïݳÍ. all of
(³ÝÓ). 2. v ~ about smth å³ñͻݳÉ, ·ÉáõËÁ a ~ ùñïÇÝùÇ Ù»ç Ïáñ³Í drip with ~ ùñïÇÝù
·áí»É. Çñ»Ý »ñ¨³Ï³Û»É: Íáñ³É. by the ~ of one’s brow ׳ϳïÇ
swanky [΄swæŋki] a ßù»Õ, Ùá¹³ÛÇÏ, Ýáñ³Ó¨. ùñïÇÝùáí. It was an awful ~ ¸ñ³ ѳٳñ
å³ñÍ»ÝÏáï. He is very ~ ܳ ß³ï å³ñÍ»Ý- å»ïù ¿ñ ÙÇ É³í ùñïÝ»É/ß³ï ç³Ýù ó÷»É.
Ïáï/ÇÝùݳѳí³Ý Ù³ñ¹ ¿. wear ~ clothes ~ shirt Ù³ñ½³Ï³Ý ëíÇï»ñ. ~ stained
ßù»Õ/Ýáñ³Ó¨ ѳ·Ýí»É: ùñïݳóóË, ùñïÝùáï (ѳ·áõëï),
sward [swɔ:d] n ëǽ³Ù³ñ·, Ù³ñ·³·»ïÇÝ. ùñïÇÝùáí ïá·áñí³Í:
×ÇÙ³ÑáÕ: sweat [swet] v ùñïÝ»É, ùñïÝ»óÝ»É. ç³Ýù
swarm [swɔ:m] n (ÙñçÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ) ËáõÙμ. Ù»Õ- ó÷»É, Ñá·Ý»óÝ»É. ~ out a cold/fever ÙÇ É³í
í³å³ñë. Tourists came in ~ ÷Ëμ. ¼μáë³- ùñïÝ»É. I ~ed my guts out ²Ñ³íáñ ß³ï
ßñçÇÏÝ»ñÁ ·³ÉÇë ¿ÇÝ ËÙμ»ñáí/˳éݳÙ- ã³ñã³ñí»óÇ:
μáËí³Í£ sweater [΄swetə] n ëíÇï»ñ:
swarm I [swɔ:m] v ËéÝí»É, ËÙμí»É. ½»é³É, sweating-system [‚swetiŋ΄sistəm] n ³ß˳-
íËï³É. (Ù»Õáõ) å³ñë ϳ½Ù»É. The crowd ï³ÝùÇ ùñïݳù³Ù »Õ³Ý³Ï/߳ѳ·áñ-
~ed round the car ²ÙμáËÁ ËéÝí»É ¿ñ Ù»ù»- ÍáõÙ:
ݳÛÇ ßáõñçÁ. His house is ~ing with children sweaty [΄sweti] a ùñïݳóóË. ùñïÝùáï.
îáõÝÁ É»÷-É»óáõÝ ¿ »ñ»Ë³Ý»ñáí: ùñïÝ»óÝáÕ. ͳÝñ:
swarm II [swɔ:m] v (ݳ¨ ~ up) μ³ñÓñ³Ý³É, sweep [swi:p] n ó÷, áõÅ. with one ~ ÙÇ
Ù³·Éó»É: ó÷áí/ß³ñÅáõÙáí. with a ~ of the arm èÇ
swarthy [΄swɔ:ði] a ÃáõË, Ã˳·áõÛÝ, Ã˳- ß³ñÅáõÙáí. the great ~ of modern research
ÙáñÃ: ųٳݳϳÏÇó ѻﳽáïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ù»Í
swash [swɒ∫] n ×áÕ÷ÛáõÝ, Í÷ÛáõÝ. áõÅ»Õ Ã³÷Á. (Ïáñ³·ÇÍ, ³Õ»Õ, ·³É³ñ) the ~ of the
Ñáë³Ýù. v ×Õ÷³É, Í÷³É: coast line ³÷³·ÍÇ áÉáñ³ÝÁ/Ïáñ³·ÇÍÁ. The
swashbuckler [΄swɒ∫bΛklə] n ³í³½³Ï, beam has a ~ of 180 deg. ׳鳷³ÛÃÝ áõÝÇ
åáéáï³Ëáë: 180 ³ëïÇ׳ÝÇ ï»ë³ÍÇñ/Áݹ·ñÏáõÙ.
sweep 817 swelling

within the ~ of the eye ï»ë³Ý»ÉÇáõÃÛ³Ý û¹³÷áË»É. The air is ~ with the scent of flow-
ë³ÑÙ³ÝÝ»ñáõÙ. (³íÉáõÙ, Ù³ùñáõÙ) give a ~ ers ̳ÕÇÏÝ»ñÇ ÑáïÇó û¹Á μáõñáõÙݳÉÇó ¿.
³íÉ»É, Ù³ùñ»É. make a clean ~ of Ù»ÏÇó/ÙÇ ~ voice Ýáõñμ/ѳ׻ÉÇ Ó³ÛÝ. ~ smile ³ÝáõßÇÏ
μ³ÝÇó ³½³ïí»É, ·ÉáõËÝ ³½³ï»É. a ~ ÅåÇï. ~ words ·áñáí³ÉÇó μ³é»ñ. ~ corn
(ݳ¨ chimney ~) ÍËÝ»ÉáõÛ½ Ù³ùñáÕ: ù³Õóñ »·Çåï³óáñ»Ý. What a ~ child ! ƯÝã
sweep [swi:p] v ³íÉ»É, ëñμ»É, Ù³ùñ»É. ~ the ³ÝáõßÇÏ »ñ»Ë³ ¿. (ëÇñ³ÉÇñ, ѳ׻ÉÇ) That’s
floor ѳï³ÏÁ ³íÉ»É. ~ out the room ë»ÝÛ³ÏÁ ~ of you ¸³ Ó»ñ ÏáÕÙÇó ß³ï ëÇñ³ÉÇñ ¿. a ~
³íÉ»É. ~ a chimney ÍËÝ»ÉáõÛ½Á Ù³ùñ»É. ~ the person ѳ׻ÉÇ ³ÝÓݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ to the ear
path clear of snow ׳ݳå³ñÑÁ ÓÛáõÝÇó Ù³ù- ³Ï³ÝçÁ ßáÛáÕ, ³Ï³ÝçÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ѳ׻ÉÇ. ~
ñ»É. ~ a channel of mines Ý»ÕáõóÁ ³Ï³ÝÝ»- one ³ÝáõßÇÏë, ù³ÕóñÇÏë. at one’s own ~ will
ñÇó ³½³ï»É. (ùß»É, ëñμ»É ï³Ý»É) A wave ÇÝãå»ë ϳٻݳ, ÇÝãå»ë ù»ýÝ áõ½Ç. be ~
swept him overboard ²ÉÇùÁ ùß»ó-ï³ñ³í on smb ËëÏó. Ù»ÏÇÝ ëÇñ³Ñ³ñí³Í ÉÇÝ»É:
Ýñ³Ý (ï³Ëï³Ï³Ù³ÍÇó). He was swept off sweet-brier [΄swi:tbraiə] n Ù³ëñ»ÝÇ, í³ÛñÇ
his feet by the wind ø³ÙÇÝ Ýñ³Ý ó³Í ·ó»ó. í³ñ¹:
÷Ëμ. û·ï. ~ away Ù»ñÅ»É, Ñ»ñù»É, ¹»Ý Ý»- sweeten [΄swi:tn] v ù³Õóñ³óÝ»É. ~ the pill
ï»É. He swept away all my objections ܳ ÷Ëμ. ѳμÁ ù³Õóñ³óÝ»É, ïÑ³× μ³ÝÁ ѳ-
Ù»ñÅ»ó ÇÙ μáÉáñ ³é³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ. ~ smth ×»ÉÇ ¹³ñÓÝ»É. ~ the room ë»ÝÛ³ÏÁ û¹³÷á-
under the carpet ͳÛñ»ñÁ óùóÝ»É. ~ the dis- Ë»É:
trict for the runaway ÷³Ëëï³Ï³ÝÇÝ sweetheart [΄swi:tha:t] n ëÇñ»ÉÇ, ëÇñ»óÛ³É:
÷Ýïñ»É óճٳëáõÙ. The epidemic swept sweetie [΄swi:ti] n ËëÏó. ÏáÝý»ï. She ‘s a ~
through the country ºñÏñáí Ù»Ï Ñ³Ù³×³- ÷Ëμ. ܳ ɳíÇÏÝ/ù³ÕóñÇÏ/³ÝáõßÇÏ ¿:
ñ³ÏÇ ³ÉÇù ³Ýó³í. (í»Ñ ï»ëùáí ù³ÛÉ»É/ sweetish [΄swi:ti∫] a ù³Õóñ³íáõÝ:
³ÝóÝ»É). She swept out of the room ܳ sweetmeat [΄swi:tmi:t] n ÏáÝý»ï:
í»Ñáñ»Ý ¹áõñë ë³Ñ»ó ë»ÝÛ³ÏÇó. ~ past sweetness [΄swi:tnəs] n ù³ÕóñáõÃÛáõÝ,
ÏáÕùáí ³ñ³· ³ÝóÝ»É/ëɳݳÉ: ѳ׻ÉÇáõÃÛáõÝ:
sweeper [΄swi:pə] n ѳí³ù³ñ³ñ, ѳí³- sweet pea [‚swi:t΄pi:] n Ñáï³í»ï ëÇë»é:
ùáÕ, Ù³ùñáÕ. road ~ ׳ݳå³ñÑ Ù³ùñáÕ sweet-shop [΄swi:t∫ɒp] n Ññáõ߳ϳñ³Ý:
Ù»ù»Ý³: sweet-william [‚swi:t΄wiljəm] n μëμ.
sweeping [΄swi:piŋ] n ³íÉáõÙ, Ù³ùñáõÙ, å³ñëÏ³Ï³Ý Ù»Ë³Ï:
ëñμáõÙ. ~s ³Õμ, ³íɳÍ/ѳí³ù³Í ³ÕμÁ: swell [swel] 1. n μ³ñÓñáõÃÛáõÝ, μ³ñÓñ³-
sweeping [΄swi:piŋ] a ɳÛÝ Áݹ·ñÏáõÙ áõÝ»- í³Ûñ. μÅßÏ. áõéáõóù, ³Ûïáõó. »ñÅß. ÑÝãÛáõ-
óáÕ. í×é³Ï³Ý, ³ñÙ³ï³Ï³Ý. ~ gesture ÝÇ áõŻճóáõÙ. the ~ of the ground μÉáõñ,
ɳÛÝ Å»ëï. ~ generalization ɳÛݳٳëßï³μ μÉñ³Ï. 2. a ËëÏó. ßù»Õ, Ñá۳ϳå. å×ݳ-
ÁݹѳÝñ³óáõÙÝ»ñ. ~ accusations ѳËáõéÝ ÙáÉ. Mike is a ~ guy سÛùÁ Ñá۳ϳå ïÕ³ ¿.
Ù»Õ³¹ñ³ÝùÝ»ñ. a ~ statement ³ÝÑÇÙÝ ~ society μ³ñÓñ ѳë³ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. Íáí.
åݹáõÙ: (³É»ÏáÍáõÃÛáõÝ) There is a big ~ today
sweep-net [΄swi:pnet] n áõéϳÝ, Ù»Í ó³Ýó: ²É»ÏáÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³Ûëûñ áõÅ»Õ ¿. ground ~
sweepstake(s) [΄swi:psteik] n Ódzñß³- Ù»éÛ³É/³ÝÑáÕÙ Í÷³Ýù:
í³·ñ³½: swell [swel] v í³ñ³ñ»É. The rains have swollen
sweet [swi:t] n ù³Õóñ»Õ»Ý, ³Õ³Ý¹»ñ. ¹»- the river ²ÝÓñ¨Ý»ñÇó ·»ïÁ í³ñ³ñ»É ¿.
ë»ñï. ~s ù³Õóñ³í»ÝÇù, ÏáÝý»ï (ݳ¨ (áõéã»É, ÷ùí»É) Wood ~s in the water ö³ÛïÁ
μáõñÙáõÝù). (ëÇñ»ÉÇ) my ~ ëÇñ»ÉÇë, ÇÙ áõéãáõÙ ¿ çñáõÙ Her eyes were swollen from the
áõñ³ËáõÃÛáõÝ: crying ȳóÇó ³ãù»ñÝ áõé»É ¿ÇÝ. Her legs
sweet [swi:t] a ù³Õóñ, ³Ýáõß. It isn’t ~ enough ~ed/up μÅßÏ. àïù»ñÝ ³Ûïáõóí»É ¿ÇÝ. áõÅ»-
ø³ÕóñÁ å³Ï³ë ¿. ~ tooth ù³Õóñ»Õ»Ý ëÇ- Õ³Ý³É (ÑÝãÛáõÝÁ) The sound ~ed Ò³ÛÝÁ/
ñáÕ, ù³Õóñ³Ï»ñ. (óñÙ, ãÃÃí³Í) ~ milk ²ÕÙáõÏÁ áõŻճó³í. ~ with pride Ñå³ñ-
óñ٠ϳÃ. ~ water ³Ýáõ߳ѳÙ/ù³Õóñ³- ïáõÃÛ³Ùμ Éóí»É/÷ùí»É:
ѳ٠çáõñ. ~ dreams ù³Õóñ »ñ³½Ý»ñ. swelling [΄sweliŋ] n μÅßÏ. áõéáõóù, ³Ûïáõó.
(μáõñáõÙݳÉÇó) keep the room ~ ë»ÝÛ³ÏÁ áõéáõóÇÏáõÃÛáõÝ, ÏáñÝóñ¹áõÃÛáõÝ:
swelter 818 swipes

swelter [΄sweltə] n ïáÃ, Ñ»ÕÓáõÏ. Õ³í³½³Ý. ~ costume ÉáÕ³½·»ëï. ~ trunks


swelter [΄sweltə] v ïáÃÇó/ßá·Çó ÃáõɳݳÉ. ÉáÕ³í³ñïÇù:
I’m ~ing ËëÏó. Þá·Çó Ù»éÝáõÙ »Ù: swindle [΄swindl] 1. n ˳μ»μ³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ, ˳-
sweltering [΄sweltəriŋ] a ïáÃ, Ñ»ÕÓáõóÇã, μ»áõÃÛáõÝ, ¹ñ³Ù³ßáñÃáõÃÛáõÝ. 2. v ˳μ»É,
ß³ï ßá·: ßáñûÉ, ˳μ»áõÃÛ³Ùμ ¹áõñë Ïáñ½»É:
swerve [swə:v] 1. n ¹³ñÓ, ß»ÕáõÙ. ÙÇ ÏáÕÙ swindler [΄swindlə] n ˳μ»μ³, ˳ñ¹³Ë,
ûùí»ÉÁ 2. v ÙÇ ÏáÕ٠ûùí»É, ß»Õí»É. The ¹ñ³Ù³ßáñÃ:
car ~d Ù»ù»Ý³Ý ÙÇ ÏáÕ٠ûùí»ó. The ball swine [swain] n Ëá½, Ëá½»ñ. ÷Ëμ., ѳÛÑ.
~d ¶Ý¹³ÏÁ ß»Õí»ó. The boxer ~d to avoid the Ëá½/÷ÝÃÇ/Ï»Õïáï Ù³ñ¹. ³Ý³ÙáÃ/ÉÏïÇ
blow гñí³ÍÇó Ëáõë³÷»Éáõ ѳٳñ Ù³ñ¹:
μéÝóù³Ù³ñïÇÏÁ ûùí»ó: swineherd [΄swainhə:d] n Ëá½³ñ³Í:
swift [swift] n ϻݹ. çñ³ÍÇͳé: swing [swiŋ] n ûñáñáõÙ, ï³ï³ÝáõÙ, ×á×áõÙ.
swift [swift] a ³ñ³·, ³ñ³·³ß³ñÅ, ×á×, ×ÉáñÃÇ. Ùñ½., μéÝóù. ÏáÕ³ÛÇÝ Ñ³ñí³Í
Ñ»éíÇó. a ~ to the right ï³ï³ÝáõÙ ¹»åÇ
ëñÁÝóó. ~ to react ³ñ³·/³ÝÙÇç³å»ë
³ç. (ó÷) in full ~ ³ÙμáÕç ó÷áí. a ~ in
³ñÓ³·³Ýù»É. ~ to anger ßáõï μáñμáùíáÕ,
public opinion ÷Ëμ. ѳë³ñ³Ï³Ï³Ý ϳñÍÇ-
ï³ù³ñÛáõÝ, ½³Ûñ³óÏáï. ~ anger ßáõï
ùÇ ÏïñáõÏ ÷á÷áËáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ bridge μ³óáíÇ
³ÝóÝáÕ ½³ÛñáõÛÃ. ~ glance ³ñ³· ѳ۳óù.
ϳÙáõñç. ~ door ½ëå³Ý³Ï³íáñ ¹áõé.
~ stream ³ñ³·ÁÝóó Ñáë³Ýù. Be ~ to hear,
(éÇÃÙ) the ~ of the work ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ éÇÃÙ.
slow to speak Þ³ï ÉëÇñ, ùÇã ËáëÇñ:
The party is in a full ~ ºñ»ÏáÛÇ Ã»Å å³ÑÝ ¿:
swift-handed [‚swift΄hændid] a ׳ñåÇÏ, swing [swiŋ] v ×á×(í)»É, ûñáñ(í)»É. ó÷³-
í³ñÅ:
ѳñ»É. ~ a hammock ó³Ýó³×á×Á ûñáñ»É. ~
swiftness [΄swiftnəs] n ³ñ³·áõÃÛáõÝ, one’s arms/legs Ó»éù»ñÁ/áïù»ñÁ ó÷³Ñ³-
ëñÁÝóóáõÃÛáõÝ:
ñ»É. ~ the car round Ù»ù»Ý³Ý ÏïñáõÏ ßñç»É.
swig [swig] n ÏáõÙ, áõÙå (á·»ÉÇã ËÙÇãùÇ). The speech swung he results Ö³éÁ ÏïñáõÏ
take a ~ ÙÇ ÏáõÙ ³Ý»É. take a ~ at the bottle
³½¹»ó (÷áË»ó) ³ñ¹ÛáõÝùÇ íñ³. He man-
ßßÇó ËÙ»É:
aged to ~ the deal ËëÏó. Üñ³Ý ѳçáÕí»ó ³Û¹
swill [swil] 1. n Ï»Õï³çáõñ, Éí³óáõù. áõï»- ·áñÍÁ ·ÉáõË μ»ñ»É. The lamp was ~ing in the
ÉÇù (Ëá½»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ) 2. v (ݳ¨ ~ out) áÕá- wind ø³Ùáõó ɳåï»ñÁ ×á×íáõÙ ¿ñ. A lamp
Õ»É, å³ñ½³çñ»É, ûè Éí³Ý³É: was ~ing from the ceiling ²é³ëï³ÕÇó ɳÙå
swim [swim] n ÉáÕ, ÉáճݳÉÁ. go for a ~ ·Ý³É ¿ñ ϳËí³Í. The door swung open/shut ¸áõéÁ
ÉáÕ³Éáõ/ÉáÕ ï³Éáõ. have/take a ~ ÉáÕ³É, ÉáÕ É³ÛÝ μ³óí»ó/÷³Ïí»ó. He’ll ~ for that ÷Ëμ.
ï³É. It is a long ~ Þ³ï »ñϳñ å»ïù ¿ Éá- ËëÏó. ܳ ¹ñ³ ѳٳñ å³ï³ëË³Ý Ïï³/
Õ³É. be in the ~ ÷Ëμ. Çñ³¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ïëï³Ý³. (áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÷áË»É) ~ round
Ï»ÝïñáÝáõÙ ÉÇÝ»É. ·áñÍ»ñÇ ÁÝóóùÇÝ sharply ÏïñáõÏ ßñçí»É. The road ~s south
ï»ÕÛ³Ï/Çñ³½»Ï ÉÇÝ»É: ֳݳå³ñÑÁ ûùíáõÙ ¿ ѳñ³í. ~ round
swim [swim] v ÉáÕ³É, ÉáÕ ï³É. He can’t ~ a ÏïñáõÏ Ñ»ï ¹³éݳÉ. ~ open ɳÛÝ μ³ó»É. ~
stroke ´áÉáñáíÇÝ ãÇ Ï³ñáÕ ÉáÕ³É. sink or ~ at the ball with the racket ·Ý¹³ÏÇÝ ó³Ýó³-
ÇÝã áõ½áõÙ ¿ ÉÇÝÇ. ~ the river ·»ïÁ ÉáÕ³Éáí ÃÇáí (é³Ï»ï) Ë÷»É. No room to ~ a cat in
³ÝóÝ»É. ~ under water çñÇ ï³Ï ÉáÕ³É. ~ ÷Ëμ. ²ë»Õ ·ó»Éáõ ï»Õ ãϳ:
away (ÉáÕ³Éáí) Ñ»é³Ý³É, Ù»ÏÝ»É. Everything swinging [΄swiŋiŋ] a ~ music éÇÃÙÇÏ »-
swam before his eyes ²Ù»Ý ÇÝã åïïí»ó Ýñ³ ñ³ÅßïõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ rhythm ϻݹ³ÝÇ éÇÃÙ:
³ãù»ñÇ ³é³ç/·É˳åïáõÛï ½·³ó. (Éóí³Í/ swinish [΄swaini∫] a Ëá½Ç, Ëá½³ÛÇÝ. Ï»Õ-
ͳÍÏí³Í ÉÇÝ»É) The meat ~s in the gravy ØëÇ ïáï, Ëá½³í³ñÇ£
íñ³ ëááõë ¿ñ Éóí³Í. ~ in luxury ßù»Õáõ- swipe [swaip] v ËëÏó., ÏïÏ. ÃéóÝ»É. ~ the ball
ÃÛ³Ý/×áËáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÉáÕ³É. ~ming eyes ³ñ- over the net ·Ý¹³ÏÁ ó³ÝóÇ íñ³Ûáí ³Ýó-
óáõÝùáí Éóí³Í ³ãù»ñ: ϳóÝ»É:
swimmer [΄swimə] n ÉáÕáñ¹: swipes [swaips] n í³ï/åÕïáñ/÷ã³ó³Í
swimming [΄swimiŋ] n ÉáÕ. ~ baths/pool Éá- ·³ñ»çáõñ:
swirl 819 symbol

swirl [swə:l] n ßñç³åïáõÛï, ÑáñÓ³Ýáõï. áõ߳ó÷í»É. Ýí³Õ»É. She ~s when she even
ÑáÕÙ³åïáõÛï. çñ³÷áë, Ó³·³ñ³÷áë hears her mother’s voice ¶ÉáõËÁ ÏáñóÝáõÙ ¿
(çñÇ íñ³): ÝáõÛÝÇëÏ ÙdzÛÝ Ùáñ Ó³ÛÝÁ Éë»ÉÇë:
swirl [swə:l] v åïïí»É. çñ³åïáõÛï/ÑáÕÙ³- swoop [swu:p] v ëɳݳÉ, ó³Í Ý»ïí»É,
åïáõÛï ³é³ç³óÝ»É. in the ~ing snow ÓÝ» ѳñÓ³Ïí»É. The eagle ~ed (down) on the bird
ÑáÕÙ³åïáõÛïáõÙ. ~ing skirts Í÷³óáÕ ²ñÍÇíÁ ó³Í Ý»ïí»ó ¨ ׳ÝÏ»ó ÃéãÝÇÝ:
÷»ß»ñ: swop [swɒp] n ÷á˳ݳÏáõÙ, ³åñ³Ýù³-
swish [swi∫] 1. n ßãÛáõÝ, ëáõÉáó. ßñßÛáõÝ, ÷á˳ݳÏáõÙ. a fair ~ ³½ÝÇí ÷á˳ݳÏáõ-
Ëßßáó: 2. a ËëÏó. ßù»Õ, Ñá۳ϳå: ÃÛáõÝ. These stamps are ~ ²Ûë ݳٳϳÝÇß-
Swiss [swis] n ßí»Ûó³ñ³óÇ: a S~ ßí»Ûó³ñ³- Ý»ñÁ ÷á˳ݳϻÉáõ ѳٳñ »Ý. do a ~
ϳÝ. ~ roll Ùáõñ³μ³Ûáí éáõÉ»ï: ÷á˳ݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³ï³ñ»É. ~ device
switch [swit∫] n ¿É. ³Ýç³ïÇã, ÷á˳ñÏÇã. ÑÙÏñ·. ï»Õ»ñáí ÷áË»É. ~ in μ»éݳíáñ»É
»ñÏñã. áõÕ»÷áË ëɳù. Ï»ÕÍ ÑÛáõë, Ï»ÕͳÙ. ù³ß»Éáí. ~ out μ»éݳó÷»É ù³ß»Éáí:
mains ~ ÑÇÙݳϳÝ/·É˳íáñ ³Ýç³ïÇã. ~ swop [swɒp] v ÷á˳ݳϻÉ, ÷áË»É. ~ places/
board μ³ß˳ï³Ëï³Ï. ~ board operator stamps ï»Õ»ñÁ/ݳٳϳÝÇßÝ»ñÁ ÷á˳ݳ-
μ³ß˳ï³Ëï³ÏÇ ûå»ñ³ïáñ. The light ~ Ï»É. Let’s ~ ²ñÇ ÷á˳ݳϻÝù:
is on/off ÈáõÛëÁ Ùdzóí³Í/³Ýç³ïí³Í ¿. sword [sɔ:d] n ëáõñ, Ãáõñ, ëáõë»ñ. cavalry ~
(÷á˳ñÏáõÙ, ³ÝóáõÙ) a ~ of opinion/plans ѻͻɳ½áñÇ ëáõñ/Ãáõñ. dwelling ~ ×ϳ-
ϳñÍÇùÇ/åɳÝÝ»ñÇ, Íñ³·ñ»ñÇ ÷á÷áËáõ- ëáõë»ñ, Ù³ñï³ëáõë»ñ. draw/unsheathe the ~
ÃÛáõÝ. the ~ to the metric system ³ÝóáõÙ ëáõñÁ Ù»ñϳóÝ»É. ÷Ëμ. å³ï»ñ³½Ù ëÏë»É.
Ù»ïñ³Ï³Ý ѳٳϳñ·Ç£ sheathe the ~ ëáõñÁ å³ïÛ³Ý ¹Ý»É. ÷Ëμ.
switch [swit∫] v ÷á˳ñÏ»É, Ñáë³Ýù³÷á- å³ï»ñ³½ÙÁ í»ñç³óÝ»É. measure/cross ~s
Ë»É. ~ to the automatic pilot “³íïáÙ³ï û¹³- with ëñ»ñÁ ˳ã³Ó¨»É. ٻݳٳñï»É. put to
ãáõ” ë³ñùÁ ÙdzóÝ»É. ~ the points »ñÏÃ. the ~ ëñÇ ù³ß»É/Ïáïáñ»É/áãÝã³óÝ»É. ~ dance
ëɳùÁ/·ÇÍÁ ÷áË»É. (÷áË»É) ~ the room/ ëáõë»ñáí å³ñ. ~ belt ëáõë»ñ³Ï³É, Ãñ³-
plans ë»ÝÛ³ÏÁ/Íñ³·ñ»ñÁ ÷áË»É. ~ the con- ϳÉ. ~ hilt »ñ³Ë³Ï³É, Ïáà (ÃñÇ, ëñÇ ¨
versation to another topic Ëáë³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ÝÛáõ- ³ÛÉÝ):
ÃÁ/Ã»Ù³Ý ÷áË»É. ~ on/off Ñáë³ÝùÁ/ÉáõÛëÁ sword-fish [΄sɔ:dfi∫] n ϻݹ. Ãñ³ÓáõÏ:
ÙdzóÝ»É/³Ýç³ï»É. ~ the lecture to another sworn [swɔ:n] a »ñ¹íÛ³É. »ñ¹í³Í, »ñ¹áõÙ
hoër ¹³ë³ËáëáõÃÛ³Ý Å³ÙÁ ÷áË»É. The ïí³Í. a ~ witness/statement »ñ¹áõÙ ïí³Í
oven ~es off automatically ì³é³ñ³ÝÝ ³Ý- íϳ. »ñ¹Ù³Ý ï³Ï ϳï³ñí³Í ѳÛï³ñ³-
ç³ïíáõÙ ¿ ³íïáÙ³ï Ï»ñåáí. ~ to a new ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ officer/official »ñ¹áõÙ ïí³Í
model Ýáñ Ùá¹»ÉÇ ³ÝóÝ»É. ~ (over) to gas å³ßïáÝÛ³/³ëïÇ׳ݳíáñ. a ~ enemy
heating ·³½Ç ç»éáõóÙ³Ý ³ÝóÝ»É: »ñ¹íÛ³É ÃßݳÙÇ:
switch back [΄swit∫bæk] n ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý swot [swɒt] 1. n ËëÏó. (³é³Ýó ѳëϳ-
(³ïñ³ÏóÇáÝ) μÉáõñÝ»ñ£ ݳÉáõ) ³Ý·Çñ ³ÝáÕ, ë»ñïáÕ. 2. v ³Ý·Çñ
switch-man [΄swit∫mən] n ëɳù³í³ñ: ³Ý»É. ~ up maths ٳûٳïÇÏ³Ý ³Ý·Çñ
switch-plug [΄swit∫plΛg] n Ëñáó³Ï (ßï»å- ³Ý»É:
ë»É): sycamore [΄sikəmɔ:] n (ݳ¨ ~ maple) ëåÇ-
swivel chair [΄swivlt∫eə] n åïáõï³Ï³íáñ ï³Ï ÃËÏÇ:
³Ãáé: sycophant [΄sikəfənt] n ëïáñ³ù³ñß/ùÍÝáÕ
swizz [swiz] n ËëÏó. ˳μ»áõÃÛáõÝ: Ù³ñ¹:
swollen [΄swəulən] a áõé³Í, ÷ùí³Í. ³Û- syllabic [si΄læbik] a í³ÝϳÛÇÝ, í³Ýϳñ³ñ:
ïáõóí³Í. a ~ leg/face/stomach ³Ûïáõóí³Í syllable [΄siləbl] n í³ÝÏ. open/closed μ³ó/
áïù, áõé³Í ¹»Ùù. ÷ùí³Í ëï³Ùáùë. eyes ~ ÷³Ï í³ÝÏ. not a ~ áã ÙÇ Ó³ÛÝ/ÍåïáõÝ:
with crying ɳóÇó áõé³Í ³ãù»ñ: syllabus [΄siləbəs] n áõëáõÙÝ³Ï³Ý Íñ³·Çñ.
swoon [swu:n] n Ýí³ÕáõÙ, áõß³·Ý³óáõ- ѳÏÇñ×/³Ù÷á÷ ß³ñ³¹ñ³Ýù. the exam ~
ÃÛáõÝ: ùÝÝáõÃÛ³Ý Íñ³·Çñ:
swoon [swu:n] v ·Çï³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÏáñóÝ»É, symbol [΄simbl] n ËáñÑñ¹³Ýß³Ý, ëÇÙíáÉ. ~
symbolic(al) 820 systematize

table ÑÙÏñ·. ǹ»ÝïÇýÇϳïáñÝ»ñÇ ³ÕÛáõ- μ³éÁ ÑÝãÛáõÝÇ/í³ÝÏÇ ëÕÙ³Ùμ. »ñÅß. ß»ß-


ë³Ï: ï³ß³ñÅ/ëÇÝÏáå³ Ï³ï³ñ»É;
symbolic(al) [sim΄bɒlik(l)] a ËáñÑñ¹³Ýß³- syncope [΄siŋkəpi] n É»½í. ÑÝãѳå³íáõÙ,
ϳÝ, ëÇÙíáÉÇÏ. ~ address ÑÙÏñ·. Ý߳ݳÛÇÝ ëÇÝÏáå³. »ñÅß. ß»ßï³ß³ñÅ. μÅßÏ. áõß³-
ѳëó». ~ debugger ÑÙÏñ··. Ý߳ݳÛÇÝ Ï³ñ- ó÷áõÃÛáõÝ:
·³μ»ñÇã: syndetic [sin΄detik] a ß³Õϳå³ÛÇÝ, ß³Õϳ-
symmetrical [si΄metrikl] a ѳٳã³÷, å³íáñ:
½áõ·³ã³÷, ëÇÙ»ïñÇÏ: syndicate [΄sindikət] n ëÇݹÇϳï, Ùdzíá-
symmetry [΄simətri] n ѳٳã³÷áõÃÛáõÝ, ñáõÙ. ϳåÇï³ÉÇëï³Ï³Ý Ëáßáñ Ó»éݳñ-
½áõ·³ã³÷áõÃÛáõÝ, ëÇÙ»ïñdz: ϳÙdzíáñáõÙ:
sympathetic [‚simpə΄θetik] a ϳñ»ÏÇó, synonym [΄sinənim] n É»½í. ÑáÙ³ÝÇß, ѳ-
ϳñ»ÏóáÕ. ó³í³ÏóáÕ. μ³ñ»Ñ³×. a ~ smile Ù³ÝÇß:
ϳñ»Ïó³Ï³Ý ÅåÇï. I am ~ with your point synopsis [si΄nɒpsis] n ѳٳéáï³·Çñ, Áݹ-
of view ºë ѳëϳÝáõÙ »Ù/ÏÇëáõÙ »Ù Ó»ñ ѳÝáõñ ï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý ³Ù÷á÷áõÙ, ÁݹѳÝáõñ
ï»ë³Ï»ïÁ. (ѳٳÏñ³Ï³Ý, ѳٳÏñ»ÉÇ) ~ ³ÏݳñÏ:
people ѳٳÏñ»ÉÇ Ù³ñ¹ÇÏ. I find his philo- syntax [΄sintæks] n ß³ñ³ÑÛáõëáõÃÛáõÝ:
sophy ~ ÆÝÓ Ùáï ¿ Ýñ³ ÷ÇÉÇëá÷³ÛáõÃÛáõÝÁ. synthesis [΄sinθəsis] n ëÇÝû½, ѳٳ¹ñáõ-
~ink ³Ý·áõÛÝ Ã³Ý³ù (·³Õïݳ·ñáõÃÛ³Ý ÃÛáõÝ:
ѳٳñ). ýǽ. ëÇÙå³ïÇÏ, Ï»Ýë³Õ»Ï³í³ñ synthetic [sin΄θetik] a ëÇÝûïÇÏ,
(ÝÛ³ñ¹³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·): ѳٳ¹ñ³Ï³Ý:
sympathetically [‚simpə΄θetikli] adv ϳ- syringe [si΄rindз] n Ý»ñ³ñÏÇã, ëñëÏÇã. Ññß»ç
ñ»Ïó³Ýùáí. She listened ~ ܳ ϳñ»Ïó³Ý- åáÙå. hypodermic ~ »ÝóٳßϳÛÇÝ ëñÁëÏ-
ùáí ¿ñ ÉëáõÙ: Ù³Ý Ý»ñ³ñÏÇã:
sympathize [΄simpəθaiz] v ó³í³Ïó»É, ϳ- syringe [si΄rindз] v ëñëÏ»É, Ý»ñ³ñÏ»É.
ñ»Ïó»É. I ~ with you and your grief ºë ϳñ»Ï- óÝóáõÕ»É:
óáõÙ »Ù ù»½ ùá íßïÇ ³éÃÇí. (ѳٳÏñ»É) I syrûp [΄sirəp] n ß³ù³ñ³çáõñ, ³Ýáõß³ÑÛáõÃ,
~ with those people ºë ѳٳÏñáõÙ »Ù ³Û¹ Ùñ·³ÑÛáõÃ:
Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýó: system [΄sistəm] n ѳٳϳñ·, ëÇëï»Ù. the
sympathy [΄simpəθi] n ó³í³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ. Ac- ~ μÅßÏ. ûñ·³ÝǽÙ. grading ~ ·Ý³Ñ³ïÙ³Ý/
cept my deepest ~ ÀݹáõÝ»ù ÇÙ ËáñÁ ó³í³- áñ³Ï³íáñÙ³Ý/³ï»ëï³íáñÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³-
ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ. (ѳٳÏñ³Ýù) I have no ~ for ϳñ·/ »Õ³Ý³Ï. the solar/nervous ~ ³ñ»·³Ï-
him àã ÙÇ Ñ³Ù³Ïñ³Ýù ãáõݻ٠Ýñ³ Ýϳï- ݳÛÇÝ/ÝÛ³ñ¹³ÛÇÝ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·. circulatory ~
Ù³Ùμ: ³ñÛ³Ý ßñç³Ý³éáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·. railway
symphony [΄simfəni] n ëÇÙýáÝdz: ~ »ñϳÃáõÕ³ÛÇÝ ó³Ýó. ~ of government å»-
symptom [΄simptəm] n μÅßÏ. ³Ëï³ÝÇß., ï³Ï³Ý ϳñ·, ϳé³í³ñÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·.
ëÇÙåïáÙ. Ýß³Ý, ѳÛï³ÝÇß. show ~s ³Ë- payroll ~ ³ß˳ï³í³ñÓ»ñÇ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·.
ï³ÝÇßÝ»ñ óáõÛó ï³É: grammatical ~ of a language É»½íÇ ù»ñ³Ï³-
symptomatic [‚simptə΄mætik] a μÅßÏ. ³Ë- Ý³Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ· mountain ~ É»éݳßÕó.
ï³Ý߳ϳÝ. ѳïϳÝ߳ϳÝ, ëÇÙåïáÙ³- ~ architect ÑÙÏñ·. Íñ³·ñÇ Ùß³ÏáÕ. ~ call
ïÇÏ: ÑÙÏñ·. ѳٳϳñ·³ÛÇÝ Ï³Ýã. ~ call interrupt
synchronize [΄siŋkrənaiz] v ѳٳųÙÛ³ ѳٳϳñ·³ÛÇÝ ÁݹѳïáõÙ. ~ configuration
¹³ñÓÝ»É, ųٳݳÏáí ѳٳå³ï³ë˳- ѳٳϳñ·Ç ϳéáõóí³Íù. ~ software ѳ-
Ý»óÝ»É. ~ watches ųٳóáõÛóÝ»ñÁ ëïáõ- ٳϳñ·³ÛÇÝ Íñ³·ñ³ÛÇÝ ³å³ÑáíáõÙ:
·»É/ѳٳå³ï³ë˳ݻóÝ»É/ÝáõÛÝ Å³ÙÁ systematic [‚sistə΄mætik] a å³ñμ»ñ³Ï³Ý,
óáõÛó ï³É: ëÇëï»Ù³ïÇÏ. a ~ worker ëÇëï»Ù³ïÇÏ
synchronous [΄siŋkrənəs] a ѳٳųٳ- ³ß˳ïáÕ:
ݳÏÛ³, ÙdzųٳݳÏÛ³: systematize [΄sistəmətaiz] v ѳٳϳñ·»É,
syncopate [΄siŋkəpeit] v É»½í. ѳå³í»É ëÇëï»Ù³íáñ»É:
821

T
T, t [ti:] n ³Ý·É»ñ»Ý ³Ûμáõμ»ÝÇ 20-ñ¹ ï³éÁ. É»ùë³ÛÇÝ (³ÙμáÕç³Ï³Ý) ׳ߣ
cross the “t”s ×ß·ñï»É, Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ»É. to a table-land [΄teibllænd] n ë³ñ³Ñ³ñÃ,
“T” ÇëÏ ¨ ÇëÏ, ×Çßï ¨ ×Çßï. The suit fits you μ³ñÓñ³í³Ý¹³Ï:
to a “T” ²Ûë ÏáëïÛáõÙÁ ÇëÏ ¨ ÇëÏ ùá íñ³Ûáí table-man [΄teiblmən] n ѳßí³éáõ:
¿: table spoon [΄teiblspu:n] n ׳ßÇ/ë»Õ³ÝÇ
tab [tæb] n Ù»ñ³Ï. ·É˳ñÏÇ ³Ï³Ýç³Ï³É ·¹³É. ~ ful ÙÇ ÉÇùÁ ׳ßÇ ·¹³É:
(ݳ¨ ear ~). ËëÏó. ѳßÇí, í׳ñ³·Çñ. keep tablet [΄tæblət] n ÷áùñÇÏ ï³Ëï³Ï (ٳϳ-
~s on smb Ñ»ï¨»É Ù»ÏÇÝ. keep ~s on expenses ·ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ). ë³ÉÇÏ. ѳμ, ¹»Õ³Ñ³μ. a ~ of
ѳßí³éù ϳï³ñ»É, ͳËë»ñÇÝ Ñ»ï¨»É. soap û׳éÇ Ïïáñ. a ~ of chocolate ßáÏáɳ¹Ç
ÑÙÏñ·. ³ÕÛáõë³Ï³ÛÇÝ Ýß³Ý. ëï»ÕÝ. ~ order ë³ÉÇÏ:
ëÛáõݳϳñ·. ~ stop ï»Õ³óáõÛóÁ ï»Õ³÷á- tabling [΄teibliŋ] n ³ÕÛáõë³Ï/óáõó³Ï/ï³Ë-
Ë»Éáõ ¹Çñù: ï³Ï ϳ½Ù»ÉÁ. Ñ»ï³Ó·áõÙ, Ó·Ó·áõÙ:
tabby [΄tæbi] n (ݳ¨ª ~ cat) ß»ñï³íáñ tabloid [΄tæblɔid] n ѳμ, ¹»Õ³Ñ³μ. ÷áùñÇÏ
ϳïáõ. ÷Ëμ. μ³Ùμ³ëáÕ/μ³Ùμ³ëÏáï ÏÇÝ: ³ÕÛáõë³Ï. μáõÉí³ñ³ÛÇÝ Éñ³·Çñ:
tabernacle [΄tæbənækl] n ³Õáóñ³Ý, taboo [tə΄bu:] n, v ³ñ·»Éù, ³ñ·»ÉáõÙ. ï³-
³ÕáóïáõÝ: μáõÇ »ÝóñÏ»É, ³ñ·»É»É:
table [΄teibl] n ë»Õ³Ý. ѳñà ٳϻñ¨áõÛÃ. tabor [΄teibə] n ÷áùñÇÏ ÃÙμáõÏ:
ï³Ëï³Ï. ë³É. wooden/square/kitchen/low/ tabouret [΄tæbərit] n ÷áùñÇÏ Ýëï³ñ³Ý,
expanding ~ ÷³Ûï»/ù³é³ÏáõëÇ/ËáѳÝáóÇ/ ³Ãáé³Ï:
ó³Íñ/ μ³óíáÕ ë»Õ³Ý. dining/operating/fold- tabular [΄tæbjulə] a ³ÕÛáõë³Ï³ÛÇÝ, ³ÕÛáõ-
ing ~ ׳߳ë»Õ³Ý/íÇñ³Ñ³ïÙ³Ý/ͳÉáíÇ ë³ÏÇ Ó¨áí. ѳñÃ:
ë»Õ³Ý. at ~ ë»Õ³ÝÇ Ùáï. (ѳóÏ»ñáõÛÃ) be at tabulate [΄tæbjuleit] v ³ÕÛáõë³ÏÝ»ñÇ
~ ë»Õ³ÝÇ/ѳóÇ Ýëï³Í ÉÇÝ»É (áõï»ÉÇë) Ó¨áí ¹³ë³íáñ»É. ³ÕÛáõë³ÏÇ Ó¨áí ³Ù-
rise/get down from the ~ í»ñ Ï»Ý³É ë»Õ³ÝÇó, ÷á÷»É:
¹áõñë ·³É ë»Õ³ÝÇ ÙáïÇó. rich ~ ѳñáõëï tabulation [‚tæbju΄lei∫n] n ³ÕÛáõë³Ï
ë»Õ³Ý. set/lay the ~ ë»Õ³Ý ·ó»É/å³ïñ³ë- ϳ½Ù»ÉÁ, ³ÕÛáõë³ÏÇ í»ñ³Í»ÉÁ:
ï»É. clear the ~ ë»Õ³ÝÁ ѳí³ù»É. The ~s are tabulator [΄tæbjuleitə] n ÑÙÏñ·. ³ÕÛáõë³Ï.
turned ÷Ëμ. Æñ³íÇ׳ÏÁ ÏïñáõÏ ÷áËí»É ¿. ~ key ³ÕÛáõë³ÏÇ ëï»ÕÝ. ~ settting ³ÕÛáõ-
~ cloth ë÷éáó. ~ lamp ë»Õ³ÝÇ É³Ùå. ~ ten- ë³ÏÇ ¹ÇñùÇ ï»Õ³Ï³ÛáõÙ:
nis ë»Õ³ÝÇ Ã»ÝÇë. ~ leaf μ³óáíÇ ë»Õ³ÝÇ tacit [΄tæsit] a Éáõé. ~ consent Éáõé ѳٳӳÛ-
Ý»ñ¹ñíáÕ ï³Ëï³Ï. ~ napkin ³ÝÓ»éáóÇÏ. ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ understanding ³ÝËáë/³ÝÓ³ÛÝ/
~ talk ½ñáõÛó ׳߳ë»Õ³ÝÇ ßáõñçÁ. (³ÕÛáõ- μ³é»ñáí ã³ñï³Ñ³Ûïí³Í ѳëϳóáõÙ
ë³Ï) ~ of contents ó³ÝÏ. ~ of rates ë³Ï³- /ÁÙμéÝáõÙ. ~ law ëáíáñáõóÛÇÝ Çñ³íáõÝù:
·Ý»ñÇ óáõó³Ï/³ÕÛáõë³Ï. comparative ~ taciturn [΄tæsitə:n] a Éé³ÏÛ³ó, ë³Ï³í³-
ѳٻٳï³Ï³Ý ³ÕÛáõë³Ï. multiplication ~ Ëáë:
μ³½Ù³å³ïÏÙ³Ý ³ÕÛáõë³Ï. (íÇ׳ϳ- tack [tæk] n Ù»Ë, 먻鳷³Ù. thumb ~ 먻-
·ñáõÃÛáõÝ) birth ~s ÍÝ»ÉÇáõÃÛ³Ý íÇ׳ϳ- é³Ï, Ïá׳ϳ·³Ù. Íáí. ݳíÁÝóó, ѳÉë.
·ñáõÃÛáõÝ: be on the right ~ ×Çßï ׳ݳå³ñÑÇÝ ÉÇÝ»É.
table [΄teibl] v ³ÕÛáõë³Ï/óáõó³Ï ϳ½Ù»É. try another ~ ÷Ëμ. ³ÛÉ ÙÇçáó ÷áñÓ»É:
»ñϳñ ųٳݳÏáí Ñ»ï³Ó·»É. ~ a motion tack [tæk] v ٻ˻É, ·³Ù»É, ³Ùñ³óÝ»É. ßáõ-
³é³ç³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ ÙïóÝ»É: ɳɻÉ, Çñ³ñ ϳñ»É. Íáí. ݳíÁÝóóÁ ÷á-
tableau [΄tæbləu] n Ýϳñ, í³é å³ïÏ»ñ. Ë»É. Ëáõë³Ý³í»É. ~ down a carpet ·áñ·Ý
ϻݹ³ÝÇ å³ïÏ»ñ (ݳ¨ª ~ vivant): ³Ùñ³óÝ»É. ~ a notice ѳÛï³ñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ
table d’hote [‚ta:bl΄dəut] n a ~ lunch ÏáÙå- ÷³ÏóÝ»É:
tackle 822 take

tackle [΄tækl] n åÇïáõÛù, ë³ñù³íá- ɳåï»ñ. ÇÝùݳÃÇéÇ åáã³Ù³ëÇ É³å-


ñáõÙ. Íáí. ݳí³ë³ñù, ݳí³Ñ³Ý¹»ñ- ï»ñ:
Ó³Ýù: tailor [΄teilə] n, v ¹»ñÓ³Ï. ¹»ñÓ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ
tackle [΄tækl] v ³Ùñ³óÝ»É, ϳå»É. μéÝ»É, ³Ý»É, ϳñ»É. ~ made å³ïí»ñáí ϳñí³Í.
׳ÝÏ»É. Ùñ½. ßñç³÷³Ï»É. ~ the thief ·áÕÇÝ Çñ³í. å³ñ½, ³Ýå³×áõÛ×. well ~ed ɳí
׳ÝÏ»É. ~ smn Ù»Ïáí ½μ³Õí»É. (how to) ~ ϳñ³Í:
the problem (ÇÝãå»ë) í³ñí»É åñáμÉ»ÙÇ tail-piece [΄teilpi:s] n »½ñ³÷³ÏÇã Ù³ë:
Ñ»ï: tail-plane [΄teilplein] n ëï³μÇÉǽ³ïáñ£
tacky [΄tæki] a ÏåãáõÝ, Ù³ÍáõóÇÏ: tail-spin [΄teilspin] n ³í. åïï³Ó¨ ¿çù.
tact [tækt] n Ýñμ³½·³óáõÃÛáõÝ, ï³Ïï. ßïáåáñ. fall into a ~ åïï³Ó¨ ¿çù ϳï³-
»ñÅß. ã³÷, ³Ù³Ý³Ï, ï³Ïï: ñ»É:
tactful [΄tæktfl] a í³Û»Éáõã í³ñÙáõÝùáí, tail-wind [΄teilwind] n áõÕ»Ýå³ëï ÑáÕÙ,
ï³Ïïáí: μ³ñ»Ýå³ëï ù³ÙÇ:
tactical [΄tæktikl] a Ù³ñï³í³ñ³Ï³Ý, taint [teint] 1. n ³ñ³ï. Ý»ËÙ³Ý/ù³Ûù³ÛÙ³Ý
ï³ÏïÇϳϳÝ. ~ weapons Ù³ñï³í³ñ³- Ñ»ïù»ñ. í³ñ³Ï. without any ~ ³é³Ýó áñ¨¿
Ï³Ý ½»Ýù: ÝßáõÛÉÇ. 2. v ÷ã³Ý³É, í³ñ³Ï(í)»É:
tactics [΄tæktiks] n Ù³ñï³í³ñáõÃÛáõÝ, tainted [΄teintid] a ݻ˳Í, ÷ã³ó³Í, ³ñ³-
ï³ÏïÇϳ. ÷Ëμ. ·áñͻɳϻñå, í³ñù³- ï³íáñ. ~ air/water ³Õïáïí³Í û¹/çáõñ. a ~
·ÇÍ: reputation ÁÝÏ³Í í³ñÏ, ³ñ³ï³íáñí³Í
tactile [΄tæktail] a ßáß³÷»ÉÇ, ßáß³÷áÕ³- ³ÝáõÝ:
ϳÝ: take [teik] v í»ñóÝ»É, ³éÝ»É. ~ a book from the
tactless [΄tæktləs] a ³Ýï³Ïï: library ·ñ³¹³ñ³ÝÇó ·Çñù í»ñóÝ»É. ~ the
tadpole [΄tædpəul] n ß»ñ»÷áõÏ: wheel Õ»ÏÇÝ Ýëï»É (Õ»ÏÁ μéÝ»É). What jour-
taffeta [΄tæfitə] n ï³ýï³ (Ù»ï³ùë» ¹Ç- nals do you ~? ƱÝã ³Ùë³·Çñ »ù μ³Å³Ýáñ-
å³Ï): ¹³·ñí»É. (μéÝ»É, í»ñóÝ»É, ·ñ³í»É) ~ pris-
tag [tæg] n ³åñ³Ýù³ÝÇß, åÇï³Ï. ѳßí»- oners/a town ·»ñÇ í»ñóÝ»É, ù³Õ³ù ·ñ³í»É.
åÇï³Ï. (ÏáßÇÏÇ) ûÕ³Ï. name ~ ³Ýí³Ý³- ~ all the prizes μáÉáñ Ùñó³Ý³ÏÝ»ñÁ ߳ѻÉ.
ÝÇß. price ~ ·Ý³åÇï³Ï: be taken by ÷Ëμ. ï³ñí»É ÙÇ μ³Ýáí. He’s
tag [tæg] v åÇï³Ï/³åñ³Ýù³ÝÇß/ûÕ³Ï taken by the idea ܳ ß³ï ¿ ï³ñí³Í ³Û¹
³Ùñ³óÝ»É: Ùïùáí. (ÁݹáõÝ»É, ëï³ÝÓÝ»É) ~ smth seri-
tail [teil] n åáã, ³·Ç. åáã³Ù³ë (Ý»ñù¨Ç, ously/as a joke Éáõñç ÁݹáõÝ»É, ÁݹáõÝ»É
Ñ»ï¨Ç Ù³ëÁ). ~ of a cart ë³ÛÉÇ »ï¨Ç Ù³ëÁ. áñå»ë ϳï³Ï. ~ in lodgers Ï»ÝíáñÝ»ñ å³-
ËëÏó. ÑÛáõë, ͳÙ. Ñ»ñÃ. åáã. ßù³ËáõÙμ. Ñ»É. ~ an order å³ïí»ñ ÁݹáõÝ»É. ~ one’s
Ëáõ½³ñÏáõ, åáã. ~s (ݳ¨ª ~ coat) ýñ³Ï. ~ time ãßï³å»É. ~ the news well/badly ÉáõñÁ
end ͳÛñ, í»ñç, åáã. ~s up μ³ñÓñ ïñ³Ù³¹- ɳí/í³ï ÁݹáõÝ»É. ~ a walk ½μáë³ÝùÇ
ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ. turn ~ ÷³ËáõëïÇ ¹ÇÙ»É. Heads or ·Ý³É/½μáëÝ»É. ~ smth in the wrong way ë˳É
~s? ²ñÍDZí û± ·Çñ. ~ between the legs åáãÁ ѳëϳݳÉ. ~ steps ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ Ó»éù ³éÝ»É. ~
ÏÍϳÍ/ù³ß³Í. í³Ë»ó³Í. heir in ~ ë»÷³- into consideration ÝϳïÇ áõݻݳÉ. ~ pictures
ϳÝáõÃÛ³Ý Å³é³Ý·: Ýϳñ³Ñ³Ý»É. ~ the hint ³ÏݳñÏÁ ѳëϳ-
tail [teil] v ÏñÝϳÏáË Ñ»ï¨»É. They are ~ing ݳÉ. ~ the floor Ó³ÛÝ/Ëáëù í»ñóÝ»É. ~ smn
us ËëÏó. Ø»ñ Ñ»ï¨Çó “åá㔠ϳ. ~ away/off as he is ÁݹáõÝ»É ³ÛÝåÇëÇÝ ÇÝãåÇëÇÝ Ï³. ~
Ýí³½»É, ÃáõÉ³Ý³É (ѳ׳ËáõÙ, Ñ»ï³- advantage û·ïí»É. ~ the strain ɳñÙ³ÝÁ ¹Ç-
ùñùñáõÃÛáõÝ). ~ along/behind åáãÇó ù³ñß Ù³Ý³É. ~ the upper hand ѳÕÃáÕ ¹áõñë ·³É.
·³É: ~ a bath Éá·³Ýù ÁݹáõÝ»É. ~ things easy
tailgate [΄teilgeit] n ³íïá. Ñ»ï¨Ç ¹áõéÁ: ãÑáõ½í»É. ~ part Ù³ëݳÏó»É. ~ smb’s side
tailings [΄teiliŋz] n ï³Ï³ÝùÝ»ñ, ó÷- Ù»ÏÇ ÏáÕÙÁ å³Ñ»É. I took him for his brother
Ã÷áõÏÝ»ñ, Ùݳóáñ¹Ý»ñ: ºë Ýñ³Ý Çñ »Õμáñ ï»ÕÁ ¹ñ»óÇ/ÁݹáõÝ»óÇ.
tailless [΄teilləs] a ³Ýåáã, åáã³½áõñÏ: ~ shape Ó¨³íáñí»É. ~ precautions ݳ˳-
tail-light [΄teillait] n ³íïá., »ñÏÃ. Ñ»ï¨Ç ½·áõß³Ï³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ Ó»éù ³éÝ»É. ~ notes
take-in 823 talkies

·ñ³éáõÙÝ»ñ ϳï³ñ»É. ~ the risk ѳٳñ- ËëÏó. Ñáõ½ÙáõÝù. ·ñ³íÇã, í³ñ³ÏÇã:


Ó³Ïí»É. ~ an opportunity ³éÇÃÝ û·ï³·áñ- talc [tælk] n ÑÝù. ï³ÉÏ:
Í»É. ~ an appeal μáÕáù³ñÏ»É. ~ a verdict ¹³- tale [teil] n å³ïÙí³Íù, å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ. thril-
ï³í×Çé ϳ۳óÝ»É. ~ evidence ³å³óáõÛó- ling/amusing ~ ÏɳÝáÕ, Ññ³åáõñÇã/½í³ñ-
Ý»ñ ÁݹáõÝ»É. (ï³Ý»É, í³ñ»É) ~ to the doctor ׳ÉÇ å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ, old wives’ ~s å³é³í³-
μÅßÏÇ ï³Ý»É. The bus will ~ you ²íïáμáõëÁ Ï³Ý Ñ»ùdzÃÝ»ñ. tell ~s Ñ»ùdzà å³ïÙ»É.
Ó»½ Ïï³ÝÇ. (·Ý³É) ~ a taxi/the bus/the train ÷Ëμ. ëï»ñ ÷ã»É. make up a ~ å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ
ï³ùëÇáí/³íïáμáõëáí/·Ý³óùáí ·Ý³É. ~ a ÑáñÇÝ»É. fairy ~ Ñ»ùdzÃ:
short cut ϳñ× ×³Ý³å³ñÑáí ·Ý³É. all things tale-bearer [teil‚beərə] n μ³Ùμ³ë³Ý.
taken together μáÉáñÁ ÙdzëÇÝ í»ñóñ³Í, Áݹ- ½ñå³ñïÇã, μ³Ýë³ñÏáõ:
ѳÝáõñ ³éÙ³Ùμ. (ÁݹáõÝ»É, ËÙ»É, áõï»É) ~ talent [΄tælənt] n ï³Õ³Ý¹, ßÝáñÑù:
medicine ¹»Õ ÁݹáõÝ»É. ~ tea/coffee/milk talented [΄tæləntid] a ï³Õ³Ý¹³íáñ, ßÝáñ-
ûÛ/ëáõñ×/ϳà ËÙ»É. (å³Ñ³Ýç»É, ѳñϳ- ѳÉÇ:
íáñ ÉÇÝ»É) It ~s courage ø³çáõÃÛáõÝ ¿ ѳñ- talentless [΄tæləntləs] a ³Ýï³Õ³Ý¹, ³å³-
ϳíáñ áõݻݳÉ. It ~s two hours ºñÏáõ ų٠¿ ßÝáñÑ:
ѳñϳíáñ. ~ a house for the summer ³Ù³é- taleteller [teil‚telə] n å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ å³ï-
í³ Ñ³Ù³ñ ïáõÝ í³ñÓ»É/½μ³Õ»óÝ»É. ~ ÙáÕ. ÷Ëμ. ÷ã³Ý, ëáõï³ë³Ý:
aback ß÷áûóÝ»É, ³Ý³ÏÝϳÉÇ μ»ñ»É. ~ after talk [tɔ:k] n Ëáë³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ, ½ñáõÛó. It’s just
ÝÙ³Ýí»É. ~ apart ù³Ý¹»É, Ù³ë-Ù³ë ³Ý»É. ~ a ~ ¸³ å³ñ½³å»ë Ëáë³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ ¿. small
down Çç»óÝ»É, ·ñÇ ³éÝ»É. ~ for Ù»ÏÇ ï»ÕÁ ~ ¹³ï³ñϳËáëáõÃÛáõÝ. There is a ~ of ...
ÁݹáõÝ»É, ë˳Éí»É. ~ for granted áñå»ë Èáõñ»ñ »Ý åïïíáõÙ, áñ... have a ~
å³ïß³× ÁݹáõÝ»É. ³å³óáõóí³Í/Ñݳñ³- ½ñáõó»É. ~s μ³Ý³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. informal ~s
íáñ ѳٳñ»É. ~ away ï³Ý»É, Ñ»é³óÝ»É. ~ áã å³ßïáÝ³Ï³Ý μ³Ý³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. round
one’s breath away ßáõÝãÁ Ïïñí»É. ~ in Áݹáõ- - table ~ μ³Ý³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ÏÉáñ ë»Õ³ÝÇ
Ý»É, ѳëÏ³Ý³É be taken in ËëÏó. ˳μí³Í ßáõñçÁ. joint ~s ѳٳï»Õ μ³Ý³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ-
ÉÇÝ»É. ~ into one’s head ·ÉáõËÁ ÙïóÝ»É. ~ off Ý»ñ. ~ on astronomy/modern music ½ñáõÛó
Ñ»é³Ý³É. ³í. Ãéã»É, û¹ μ³ñÓñ³Ý³É. ~ out ³ëïÕ³·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý/ųٳݳϳÏÇó »-
ѳݻÉ, ¹áõñë μ»ñ»É, ½μáë³ÝùÇ ï³Ý»É. ~ ñ³ÅßïáõÃÛ³Ý Ù³ëÇÝ. (μ³Ùμ³ë³Ýù) That
over ÷á˳ñÇÝ»É. ~ to ѳÏí»É. ï³ñí»É ÙÇ will make ~ ÎëÏë»Ý μ³Ùμ³ë»É:
μ³Ýáí. ~ to bed ³ÝÏáÕÇÝ ÁÝÏÝ»É. ~ to heart talk [tɔ:k] v Ëáë»É, ½ñáõó»É. ~ sense/nonsense
ëñïÇÝ Ùáï ÁݹáõÝ»É. ~ to the road ó÷³- ˻ɳóÇ Ëáë»É/μ³Ý ³ë»É. ÑÇÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ
é³ßçÇÏ ¹³éݳÉ. ~ up μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É. It ~s up ¹áõñë ï³É. ~ business ·áñÍÇó Ëáë»É. ~ smb
too much time ¸³ ß³ï Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ¿ ½μ³Õ»ó- round ѳÙá½»É Ù»ÏÇÝ. ~ oneself hoarse Ëáë»É
ÝáõÙ. (ëÏë»É, Ó»éݳñÏ»É) ~ up music »- ÙÇÝ㨠Ëéåáï»ÉÁ. ~ smb into/out of doing smh
ñ³ÅßïáõÃÛ³Ùμ ½μ³Õí»É. ~ up one’s idea ѳÙá½»É ÙÇ μ³Ý ³Ý»É/Ñ»ï ѳÙá½»É. ~ to
ÙÇïùÁ/·³Õ³÷³ñÁ í»ñóÝ»É. ~ up arms the point Áëï ¿áõÃÛ³Ý Ëáë»É. Someone must
½»Ýù í»ñóÝ»É, ½»ÝùÇ ¹ÇÙ»É. ~ up a quarrel have ~ed ÆÝã-áñ Ù»ÏÁ μ»ñ³ÝÇó μ³Ý ¿
í»×Á ѳñûÉ. ~ up with Ùï»ñÙ³Ý³É Ù»ÏÇ Ãéóñ»É. Now you’re ~ing ! ²°Û ÑÇÙ³ ×Çßï »ë
Ñ»ï: ËáëáõÙ:
take-in [΄teik‚in] n ˳μ»μ³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ, ˳μ»- talkative [΄tɔ:kətiv] a ß³ï³Ëáë, ß³Õ³Ï-
ÉÁ: ñ³ï, ½ñáõó³ë»ñ:
take off [΄teikɒf] n ÝٳݻóáõÙ, ͳÕñ³- talkee-talkee [΄tɔ:ki΄tɔ:ki] n ËëÏó. ß³ï³-
Ýϳñ. Ùñ½. ÃéÇãù, ó³ïÏ, ó³ïÏáõÙ. ³í. ËáëáõÃáõÝ. ³Õ³í³Õí³Í/Ïáïñïí³Í É»-
ÃéÇãù: ½áõ:
takeover [΄teik ‚əuvə] n í»ñ³ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛ³Ý talker [΄tɔ:kə] n ½ñáõó³ë»ñ ³ÝÓݳíáñáõ-
ï³Ï ³éÝ»ÉÁ: ÃÛáõÝ. Ñé»ïáñ. He’s a good ~ Üñ³ Ñ»ï
taker [΄teikə] n í»ñóÝáÕ, ëï³óáÕ, ·Ýáñ¹. Ñ»ï³ùñùÇñ ¿ ½ñáõó»É:
care ~ ËݳٳϳÉ: talkies [΄tɔ:kis] n ËëÏó. ÑÝãÛáõݳÛÇÝ ÏÇ-
taking [΄teikiŋ] n, a ·ñ³íáõÙ, ½³íÃáõÙ. ÝáýÇÉÙ:
talking 824 tantalizing

talking [΄tɔ:kiŋ] n Ëáë³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ. He did all (ϳßÇÝ). Her face was ~ned Üñ³ ¹»ÙùÁ
the ~ ²ÙμáÕç Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ÙdzÛÝ Ý³ ¿ñ Ëá- ³ñ¨Çó Ã˳ó»É ¿ñ£
ëáõÙ. All ~ ceased Êáë³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ ¹³¹³- tandem [΄tændəm] n Éͳ߳ñùáí ϳéù.
ñ»ó: »ñÏóÙμ ѻͳÝÇí. ï³Ý¹»Ù:
talking-to [΄tɔ:kiŋtu:] n ѳݹÇÙ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, tang I [tæŋ] n ëáõñ/Ûáõñ³Ñ³ïáõÏ Ñ³Ù. ÷Ëμ.
Ïßï³Ùμ³Ýù. give smn a good ~ to ÙÇ É³í ѳïáõÏ ·ñ³íãáõÃÛáõÝ/ÑÙ³Ûù/μáõÛñ:
ѳݹÇٳݻɣ tang II [tæŋ] n »Éáõëï, ÏáÃáõÝ (·áñÍÇùÇ,
tall [tɔ:l] a μ³ñÓñ, μ³ñÓñ³Ñ³ë³Ï. ~ for his ¹³Ý³ÏÇ):
age Çñ ï³ñÇùÇ Ñ³Ù»Ù³ï μ³ñÓñ³Ñ³ë³Ï. tangent [΄tændзənt] 1. n Ù³Ã. ßáß³÷áÕ ·ÇÍ,
a ~ story ÷Ëμ. ÑݳñáíÇ μ³Ý»ñ, Ñ»ñÛáõ- ï³Ý·»Ýë. fly/get off at a ~ ѳÝϳñͳÏÇ
ñ³Ýù. a ~ order ¹Åí³ñÇÝ ËݹÇñ: ß»Õí»É (ÝÛáõÃÇó, ûٳÛÇó). 2. a ßáß³÷Ù³Ý,
tallboy [΄tɔ:lbɔi] n μ³ñÓñ, ³ñÏÕÝ»ñáí å³- ßáß³÷áÕ:
ѳñ³Ý. ÏáÙá¹: tangential [tæn΄dзen∫l] a Ù³Ã. ßáß³÷áÕ³-
tallow [΄tæləu] n ׳ñå, ×ñ³·áõ, ÛáõÕ. ren- ϳÝ, ï³Ý·»ÝódzÉ:
dered ~ Ñ³É³Í ×³ñå: tangerine [‚tændзə΄ri:n] n ٳݹ³-
tallowy [΄tæləui] a ׳ñåáï, ÛáõÕáï. ׳ñ- ñÇÝ:
å³ÛÇÝ: tangibility [‚tændзə΄biləti] n ßáß³÷»ÉÇáõ-
tally [΄tæli] n, v ³åñ³Ýù³ÝÇß, åÇï³Ï. ѳß- ÃÛáõÝ. 黳É/Çñ³Ï³Ý ÉÇÝ»ÉÁ:
íÇ Ùdzíáñ. ѳßÇí å³Ñ»É. ~ with ѳٳå³- tangible [΄tændзəbl] a ßáß³÷»ÉÇ, ÝÛáõó-
ï³ë˳ݻÉ, ѳÙÁÝÏÝ»É: ϳÝ. Çñ»Õ»Ý, Çñ³Ï³Ý. ½·³ÉÇ, Ýϳï»ÉÇ. ~
talon [΄tælən] n Ù³·ÇÉ, ×Çñ³Ý: proof ÷Ëμ. Çñ»Õ»Ý/Çñ³Ï³Ý ³å³óáõÛó. ~
tamable [΄teiməbl] a ë³Ýӳѳñ»ÉÇ, ÁÝï»- assets ÝÛáõÃ»Õ»Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ:
ɳóÙ³Ý »ÝóñÏíáÕ: tangle [΄tæŋgl] n Ë××í³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ, ˳éݳ-
tambour [΄tæmbəu] n ÷áùñ ÃÙμáõÏ: ß÷áÃáõÃÛáõÝ. Ë××í³Í ÏÍÇÏ:
tambourine [‚tæmbə΄ri:n] n ¹³÷: tangle [΄tæŋgl] v Ë××(í)»É, ˳éݳß÷áÃ-
tame [teim] a ÁÝï³ÝÇ, ÁÝï»É³óñ³Í. Ñݳ- (í)»É. ~d hair Ë××í³Í Ù³½»ñ. The threads
½³Ý¹, Ñ»½³Ñ³ÙμáõÛñ. Ó³ÝÓñ³ÉÇ: are ~d »ɻñÁ Ë××í»É »Ý. ~ up in
tame [teim] v ë³Ýӳѳñ»É, ÁÝï»É³óÝ»É, an affair ÇÝã-áñ ·áñÍÇ Ù»ç ˳éÝí³Í/
í³ñÅ»óÝ»É: Ë××í³Í. get ~d up with the police áëïÇ-
tameless [΄teimləs] a ³Ýë³ÝÓ, ³Ý½áõëå, ϳÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ï ³Ý³ËáñÅáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ áõÝ»-
í³ÛñÇ: ݳÉ:
tamer [΄teimə] n Ù³ñ½áñ¹. ë³ÝÓÇã, Ñݳ- tangly [΄tæŋgli] a Ë××í³Í, ˳éÝí³Í. çñÇ-
½³Ý¹»óÝáÕ: ÙáõéÝ»ñáí å³ï³Í:
tamp [tæmp] v å³ÛóÝóùÁ ÷³Ï»É/Ëó»É: tank [tæŋk] n çñ³Ùμ³ñ, ³í³½³Ý. μ³ù,
tamper [΄tæmpə] v Ó»éù ï³É (³ñ·»Éí³Í óÇëï»éÝ. é½Ù. ï³ÝÏ. petrol ~ μ»Ý½ÇÝÇ
μ³ÝÁ). Ï»ÕÍ»É, ˳ñ¹³Ë»É. Çñ³í. ~ with μ³ù:
evidence ³å³óáõÛóÝ»ñ Ï»ÕÍ»É. ~ with wit- tankage [΄tæŋkidз] n ï³ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ (μ³ùÇ,
ness íϳÛÇÝ Ï³ß³é»É. This lock has been ~ed óÇëï»éÝÇ):
ÆÝã-áñ Ù»ÏÁ Ó»éù ¿ ïí»É ³Ûë ÏáÕå»ùÇÝ. ~ tankard [΄tæŋkəd] n ·³ñ»çñÇ Ù»Í ·³í³Ã
with documents/accounts ÷³ëï³ÃÕûñÁ/ ѳ- (ϳ÷³ñÇãáí):
ßÇíÝ»ñÁ Ï»ÕÍ»É: tank-car [΄tæŋkka:] n í³·áÝ óÇëï»éÝ:
tampon [΄tæmpɒn] n μÅßÏ. ï³ÙåáÝ, íÇ- tanker [΄tæŋkə] n ï³ÝÏ»ñ (ݳíóï³ñ
ñ³ËÍáõÍ£ ݳí). ³Ù. ï³ÝÏÇëï:
tamtam [΄tæmtæm] n ³ýñÇÏÛ³Ý ÃÙμáõÏ. tankman [΄tæŋkmən] n ï³ÝÏÇëï:
Ïáãݳ½³Ý·, ·áÝ·: tanner [΄tænə] n ¹³μ³Õ (μ³Ýíáñ). ³Õ³-
tan [tæn]1. n (ݳ¨ sun ~) ³ñ¨³éáõÃÛáõÝ, Õáñ¹:
³ñ¨³ÛñáõÏ. a marvellous ~ ÑdzݳÉÇ ³ñ¨³- tannery [΄tænəri] n ¹³μ³Õ³Ýáó:
éáõÃÛáõÝ. 2. a ¹³ñãݳ·áõÛÝ, ÃáõË. 3. v tantalize [΄tæntəlaiz] v ã³ñã³ñ»É, ï³Ýç»É:
³ñ¨³é ÉÇÝ»É, ³ñ¨Çó Ã˳ݳÉ. ¹³μ³Õ»É tantalizing [΄tæntəlaiziŋ] a ã³ñã³ñáÕ,
tantamount 825 task

ï³ÝçáÕ. ·ñ·éÇã. a ~ smell ·ñ·éÇã Ñáï ~ tardiness [΄ta:dinəs] n ¹³Ý¹³ÕÏáïáõÃÛáõÝ.


days ï³Ýç³ÉÇó ûñ»ñ: áõß³óáõÙ, ѳå³ÕáõÙ:
tantamount [΄tæntəmaunt] a ѳí³ë³ñ³- tardy [΄ta:di] a ¹³Ý¹³ÕÏáï, áõß³ó³Í:
½áñ, ѳٳñÅ»ù. That is ~ to killing ¸³ target [΄ta:git] n ÃÇñ³Ë, Ýß³Ý. Ýå³ï³Ï.
ѳí³ë³ñ³½áñ ¿ ëå³ÝáõÃÛ³Ý: Ýå³ï³Ï³Ï»ï. hit/miss the ~ ÃÇñ³ËÇÝ
tantrum [΄tæntrəm] n ½³ÛñáõÛÃÇ åáéÃÏáõÙ Ë÷»É, íñÇå»É. a ~ for ridicule/sarcasm ÷Ëμ.
fly into a ~, throw a ~ ÑÇëï»ñÇϳÛáí μéÝí»É: ͳÕñÇ/½³í»ßïÇ ÃÇñ³Ë. production ~ ³ñ-
tap [tæp] n Íáñ³Ï. Ëó³Ý, ÷³Ï³Ý. turn on/off ï³¹ñáÕ³Ï³Ý ËݹÇñÝ»ñÁ. ~ of the pressure
the ~ Íáñ³ÏÁ μ³ó»É/÷³Ï»É. beer on ~ ï³- ×ÝßÙ³Ý ³é³ñϳ. export ~s ³ñï³Ñ³ÝÙ³Ý
ϳéÇ ·³ñ»çáõñ: Íñ³·ñ»ñÁ. ~ practice áõëáõÙÝ³Ï³Ý Ññ³-
tap [tæp] v óϻÉ. ~ on the door ¹áõéÁ ϳٳ- Ó·áõÃÛáõÝ. ÑÙÏñ·. Ýå³ï³Ï³ÛÇÝ ûμÛ»Ïï. ~
óáõÏ Ã³Ï»É. ~ one’s forehead ׳ϳïÇÝ Ã»- alphabet »Éù³ÛÇÝ ³Ûμáõμ»Ý. ~ configuration Ñ-
èí³ÏÇ Ë÷»É. ~ a telephone Ñ»é³Ëáë³- ³Ù³Ï³ñ·Ç Ýå³ï³Ï³ÛÇÝ ÏáÝýÇ·áõ-
½ñáõÛóÁ ·³ÕïݳÉë»É. ~ping with the stick ñ³ódz. ~ label Ýå³ï³Ï³ÛÇÝ ÝÇß. ~ object
÷³Ûïáí ÃËÏÃËϳóÝ»É. ~ new resources Ýáñ Ýå³ï³Ï³ÛÇÝ ûμÛ»Ïï. ~ text ³ñ¹ÛáõÝù³ÛÇÝ
ѳÝù³í³Ûñ»ñ Ù߳ϻÉ. ~ smb for information ï»ùëï:
ËëÏó. ÷áñÓ»É ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝ Ïáñ½»É: tariff [΄tærif] n ë³Ï³óáõÛó, ë³Ï³·ÇÝ.
tape [teip] 1. n ųå³í»Ý. »ñǽ. ѻ鳷ñ³- ï³ñÇý. áñáßí³Í ·ÇÝ, í³ñÓ³ã³÷. retalia-
ųå³í»Ý. ~ recording Ó³Ûݳ·ñáõÃÛáõÝ. tory ~ å³ïÅÇã ïáõñù/ë³Ï³·ÇÝ. protective
sticky ~ ÏåãáõÝ Å³å³í»Ý, ëùáã. Ùñ½. ýÇ- ~ å³ßïå³ÝáÕ ë³Ï³·ÇÝ:
ÝÇßÇ Å³å³í»Ý. μÅßÏ. ëå»Õ³ÝÇ. play back a tarn [ta:n] n É»éݳÛÇÝ ÷áùñ ÉÇ×:
~ Éë»É Ù³·ÝÇïáýáÝÇ Ó³Ûݳ·ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ. red tarnish [΄ta:ni∫] n ³ÕáïáõÃÛáõÝ, ³Ý÷³ÛÉáõ-
~ μÛáõñáÏñ³ïǽÙ. 2. v ~ up a parcel ͳÝñá- ÃÛáõÝ:
óÁ ëùáãáí ³Ùñ³óÝ»É. have smn ~d Ù»ÏÇ ÇÝã tarnish [΄ta:ni∫] v ³Õáï³Ý³É, ÷³ÛÉÇó
ÉÇÝ»ÉÁ ÇٳݳÉ/ѳëϳݳÉ: ½ñÏí»É. a ~ed reputation ÷Ëμ. ³ñ³ï³íáñ-
tape-line [΄teiplain], tape-measure í³Í ѳÙμ³í:
[΄teip‚meзə] n ã³÷»ñǽ, ã³÷áÉáñ³Ï. tarpaulin [ta:΄pɔ:lin] n ³Ýçñ³ÝóÇÏ μñ»-
ë³ÝïÇÙ»ïñ: ½»Ýï. ݳí³ëïáõ ³Ýçñ³ÝóÇÏ ·É˳ñÏ:
taper [΄teipə]1. n μ³ñ³Ï ÙáÙ, ³Õáï ÉáõÛë. tarry [΄ta:ri] a Ïáõåñáí ͳÍϳÍ, ÓÛáõ-
ÏáݳӨ Ù³ñÙÇÝ. 2. v ³ëïÇ׳ݳμ³ñ Ý»- óÍ:
ճݳÉ/ݻճóÝ»É. ÏáݳӨ ¹³ñÓÝ»É: tart [ta:t] a ÃÃáõ, ïïÇå. ÷Ëμ. ëáõñ, ÏÍáõ,
tape-recorder [΄teipri‚kɔ:də] n Ù³·ÝÇïá- ˳ÛÃáÕ. ~ remark ëáõñ ¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ:
ýáÝ: tart [ta:t] n ïáñÃ. Ùñ·áí ϳñϳݹ³Ï. apple
tapestry [΄tæpistri] n å³ëï³é. Ýϳñ³- ~ ËÝÓáñáí ϳñϳݹ³Ï. ËëÏó. ûèëá-
ÑÛáõë ·áñÍí³Íù. ·áμ»É»Ý. ~ work ˳ã³Ó¨ ÉÇÏ/ûè³μ³ñá ÏÇÝ:
³ë»Õݳ·áñÍ: tartan [΄ta:tn] n μñ¹» í³Ý¹³Ï³íáñ ·áñÍ-
í³Íù:
tapeworm [΄teipwə:m] n μÅßÏ. »ñǽáñ¹:
tapir [΄teipə] n ϻݹ. ·»ï³ÓÇ: tartar I [΄ta:tə] n ·ÇÝ»ù³ñ, ³ï³Ùݳù³ñ:
tapist [΄teipist] n μÛáõñáÏñ³ï, Ó¨³ÙáÉ: tartar II [΄ta:tə] n ¹ÅáËù, ï³ñï³ñáë£
tapster [΄tæpstə] n μáõý»ï³å³Ý, ·ÇÝ»- task [ta:sk] n ³é³ç³¹ñ³Ýù. ËݹÇñ, ѳÝÓ-
ݳñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. hard/special/important ~ Éáõñç,
å³Ý:
ϳñ¨áñ/ѳïáõÏ/ϳñ¨áñ ËݹÇñ/ ³é³ç³¹-
tar [ta:]1. n Ïáõåñ, çñ³ÉÇ ÓÛáõÃ. ·áõ¹ñáÝ. ~ ñ³Ýù. ~ force ËݹÇñ áõëáõÙݳëÇñáÕ Ñ³-
brush ÓÛáõûÉáõ íñÓÇÝ. 2. v Ïáõåñ ùë»É,
ïáõÏ ËáõÙμ. set oneself a ~ Çñ ³éç¨ ËݹÇñ
ÓÛáõûÉ, ˻ŻÉ. ~ a barrel ï³Ï³éÁ ÓÛáõûÉ,
¹Ý»É. home/difficult ~ ïݳÛÇÝ/¹Åí³ñÇÝ
ï³Ï³éÇÝ Ïáõåñ ùë»É:
ѳÝÓݳñ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ/³é³ç³¹ñ³Ýù. do one’s
tarantella [‚tærən΄telə] n ï³ñ³Ýï»É³ ~ Çñ ³é³ç³¹ñ³ÝùÁ ϳï³ñ»É. ÑÙÏñ·. task
(Çï³É³Ï³Ý å³ñ):
ËݹÇñ, Íñ³·ñ³ÛÇÝ Ùá¹áõÉ. ~ code ËݹñÇ
tarantula [tə΄ræntjulə] n ϻݹ. ÙáñÙ: Ïá¹/Íñ³·Çñ. ~ data ËݹñÇ ïíÛ³ÉÝ»ñ. ~
taskmaster 826 taximeter

handle ËݹñÇ Ç¹»ÝïÇýÇϳïáñ. ~ manage- tattle [΄tætl] n ¹³ï³ñϳËáëáõÃÛáõÝ, μ³Ù-


ment ËݹÇñÝ»ñÇ Õ»Ï³í³ñáõÙ. ~ mode áã μ³ë³Ýù:
³ñïáÝÛ³É/ËݹñÇ é»ÅÇÙ. ~ oriented ¹»åÇ tattler [΄tætlə] n ¹³ï³ñϳËáë, ß³Õ³Ï-
³é³ñÏ³Û³Ï³Ý ïÇñáõÛÃÁ ÏáÕÙÝáñáßí³Í. ~ ñ³ï. μ³Ùμ³ë³Ý:
partition ËݹñÇ ïñáÑáõÙ. ~ scheduler åɳ- tattoo [tæ΄tu:] n ¹³çí³Íù. Ïïñí³Íù:
ݳíáñáÕ. ~ state segment ËݹñÇ íÇ׳ÏÇ taunt [tɔ:nt] n ͳÕñ, ͳÕñ³Ýù, ˳ÛÃÇã
ë»·Ù»Ýï. ~-to- ÙÇçËݹñ³ÛÇÝ£ ¹ÇïáÕáõÃÛáõÝ:
taskmaster [΄ta:skma:stə] n ÑëÏÇã, taunt [tɔ:nt] v ͳÕñ»É, Ëáó»É, ˳ÛûÉ. ~ smn
í»ñ³Ï³óáõ. μñÇ·³¹³í³ñ. a hard ~ ËÇëï with cowardice í³ËÏáïáõÃÛáõÝÁ ͳÕñ»É:
å»ï: taut [tɔ:t] a åÇñÏ, ÓÇ·. ~ nerves ÷Ëμ.
taskwork [΄ta:skwə:k] n ·áñͳñù³ÛÇÝ ³ß- ɳñí³Í ÝÛ³ñ¹»ñ:
˳ï³Ýù: tauten [΄tɔ:tn] v åÇݹ Ó·(í)»É, åñÏ(í)»É:
tassel [΄tæsl] n ÍáåÇÏ, ÷ÝçÇÏ. ¿ç³Ýß³Ý: tautology [tɔ:΄tɒlədзi] n ÝáõÛݳμ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
taste [teist] n ѳÙ. bitter/sweet/nasty ~ ÏÍáõ/ tavern [΄tævn] n å³Ý¹áÏ, ·ÇÝ»ïáõÝ:
ù³Õóñ/½½í»ÉÇ Ñ³Ù. to the ~ Áëï ѳÙÇ. tawdry [΄tɔ:dri] a ³Õ³Õ³ÏáÕ, ³ãù ͳÏáÕ,
sweet to the ~ ù³Õóñ Áëï ѳÙÇ. (׳߳Ï, ³Ý׳߳Ï:
ѳÏáõÙ) dress in god/bad ~ ɳí/í³ï ׳߳- tawny [΄tɔ:ni] a μ³ó ¹³ñãݳ·áõÛÝ:
Ïáí ѳ·Ýí»É. It is not my ~ ¸³ Ç٠׳߳Ïáí tax [tæks] n ѳñÏ, ïáõñù. direct/indirect ~
ã¿. a matter of ~ ׳߳ÏÇ Ñ³ñó. T~s differ áõÕÕ³ÏÇ. ³ÝáõÕÕ³ÏÇ Ñ³ñÏ. income/land/
ֳ߳ÏÝ»ñÁ ï³ñμ»ñ »Ý ÉÇÝáõÙ, ֳ߳ÏÇÝ local ~ »Ï³Ùï³Ñ³ñÏ. ÑáÕÇ/ï»Õ³Ï³Ý
ÁÝÏ»ñ ãϳ. bad, poor ~ í³ï ×³ß³Ï (ݳ¨ª ѳñÏ. levy ~es ѳñÏ»ñ ¹Ý»É. impose a ~
³Ýï³ÏïáõÃÛáõÝ). develop a ~ for smth áñ¨¿ ѳñϳ¹Ý»É, ѳñÏ ¹Ý»É. ~ assessment ѳñÏÇ
μ³ÝÇ ÝϳïÙ³Ùμ ×³ß³Ï ½³ñ·³óÝ»É. ѳßí³ñÏ. ~ law ѳñϳÛÇÝ Çñ³íáõÝù. col-
(ÝÙáõß, ѳÙï»ë) May I have a ~ ? γñ»ÉDZ ¿ lect ~es ѳñÏ»ñ ·³ÝÓ»É. take ûff ~es ѳñ-
ѳÙï»ë ³Ý»É. have a ~ of freedom ³½³ïáõ- Ï»ñÁ ѳݻÉ. ~ evasion Ëáõë³÷áõ٠ѳñÏ»-
ÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ÙÁ ½·³É. (add) a ~ of salt/sugar ñÇó. value added ~ (VAT) ³í»É³óí³Í ³ñÅ»-
(³í»É³óÝ»É) ÙÇ ùÇã ³Õ/ß³ù³ñ. give one a ~ ùÇ Ñ³ñÏ. ~ smb’s patience/strength ÷Ëμ. Ù»ÏÇ
of áñáß å³ïÏ»ñ³óáõÙ ï³É ÙÇ μ³ÝÇ Ñ³Ùμ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ/áõÅ»ñÁ ÷áñÓ»É. (Ù»-
Ù³ëÇÝ: Õ³¹ñ»É) ~ smn with Ù»ÏÇÝ ÙÇ μ³ÝáõÙ
taste [teist] v ѳÙï»ë ³Ý»É, ׳߳ϻÉ. ѳ٠ٻճ¹ñ»É:
½·³É. ѳ٠áõݻݳÉ/ï³É. ~ sweet/bitter/sour taxable [΄tæksəbl] a ѳñÏÙ³Ý »Ýó-
ù³Õóñ/¹³éÁ/ÃÃáõ ѳ٠áõݻݳÉ. He can’t ~ ϳ:
anything ܳ áã ÙÇ μ³ÝÇ h³Ù ãÇ ½·áõÙ. He taxation [tæk΄sei∫n] n ѳñÏáõÙ, ѳñÏÇ
hasn’t ever ~d avokado ܳ »ñμ»ù ³íáϳ¹á ·³ÝÓáõÙ. system of ~ ѳñÏÙ³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·.
ãÇ ÷áñÓ»É. ~ wines ·ÇÝÇ Ñ³Ùï»ë ³Ý»É. ~ rate of ~ ѳñÏÙ³Ý ã³÷ëÁ. proportional ~
power áõÅÇ/Çß˳ÝáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ÙÁ ½·³É/׳- ѳٳٳëÝ Ñ³ñÏáõÙ:
߳ϻÉ. It ~s good ȳí ѳ٠áõÝÇ, ѳÙáí ¿: tax-collector [΄tækskə‚lektə] n ѳñϳѳ-
tasteful [΄teistfl] a ׳߳Ïáí ³ñí³Í. ѳٻÕ, í³ù:
ѳÙáí: tax-free [‚tæks΄fri:] a ѳñÏÙ³Ý áã »Ýóϳ,
tasteless [΄teistləs] a ³ÝѳÙ, ³Ý׳߳Ï: ѳñÏ»ñÇó ³½³ï:
taster [΄teistə] n ѳÙï»ë, áñ³ÏÁ ѳÙáí áñá- taxi [΄tæksi] 1. n ï³ùëÇ. take a ~ ï³ùëÇ
ßáÕ. ¹»·áõëï³ïáñ: Ýëï»É. ~ driver ï³ùëáõ í³ñáñ¹. ~ rank
tastily [΄teistili] adv ׳߳Ïáí, Ýñμ³·»Õá- ï³ùëáõ ϳݷ³é. 2. v ï³ùëÇáí ·Ý³É/
ñ»Ý: ï³Ý»É. ~ out ³í. ·»ïݳí³ñ»É. ~ to the the-
tasty [΄teisti] a ѳٻÕ, ѳÙáí: atre ËëÏó. ï³ùëÇáí óïñáÝ ·Ý³É:
tatter [΄tætə] n ɳÃ, ùáõñç. Ñݳí³×³é. ~s taxidermist [΄tæksidə:mist] n ËñïíÇɳÏ-
óÝóáïÇÝ»ñ: Ý»ñ å³ïñ³ëïáÕ:
tattered [΄tætəd] a Ù³ßí³Í, å³ï³éáï- taximeter [΄tæksi‚mi:tə] n ë³Ï³Ñ³ßíÇã,
í³Í: ï³ùëáÙ»ïñ:
taxing 827 teas/e

taxing [΄tæksiŋ] n ѳñÏáõÙ, ѳñϳ¹ñáõÙ, team [ti:m] v μñÇ·³¹/ËáõÙμ ϳ½Ù»É/Ùdzíá-


ѳñÏ ¹Ý»ÉÁ: ñ»É. ÉÍ»É. ~ up (ѳٳ)·áñͳÏó»É. He ~ed up
taxpayer [΄tæks‚peiə] n ѳñϳïáõ: with us ܳ Ù»½ Ùdzó³í. (Ý»ñ¹³ßݳϻÉ)
TCB (~ control block) [ta:sk kən΄trəul ‚blɒk] The coat ~s up with the hat ¶É˳ñÏÁ ѳٳ-
ËݹñÇ Õ»Ï³í³ñÙ³Ý μÉáÏ: å³ï³ë˳ÝáõÙ ¿ í»ñ³ñÏáõÇÝ:
tea [ti:] n ûÛ. hot/strong/weak/China/Indian ~ teamwork [΄ti:mwə:k] n ѳٳ·áñͳÏóáõ-
ï³ù/Ãáõݹ/ÃáõÛÉ/ãÇݳϳÝ/ÑÝ¹Ï³Ï³Ý Ã»Û. ÃÛáõÝ. ÷á˳¹³ñÓ û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ѳٳï»Õ
blend of ~ ûÛÇ ï»ë³Ï. a cup of ~ ÙÇ μ³Å³Ï ³ß˳ï³Ýù/ç³Ýù»ñ:
ûÛ. five o’clock ~ Ñ»ï׳ßÛ³ ûÛ. high ~ »ñ»- tear [tiə] n ³ñï³ëáõù, ³ñóáõÝù. ÷Ëμ.
ÏáÛ³Ý Ã»Û (ÑÛáõñ»ñáí). ~ bag ûÛÇ ïáåñ³Ï. ϳÃÇÉ (óáÕÇ). scalding/poignant/crocodile ~s
/Íñ³ñÇÏ/ ~ cake ÃËí³Íù ûÛÇ Ñ»ï. ~ break ³ÛñáÕ/¹³éÁ/ÏáÏáñ¹ÇÉáëÇ ³ñóáõÝùÝ»ñ.
ûÛÇ ÁݹÙÇçáõÙ. ~ things ûÛÇ å³ñ³·³Ý»ñ. burst into ~s ³ñï³ëí»É, ɳó ÉÇÝ»É. shed ~s
~ urn ÇÝùݳ»é. ~ spoon ûÛÇ ·¹³É. ~ set ûÛÇ ³ñóáõÝù ó÷»É. a flood of ~s ³ñóáõÝùÇ
ëå³ëù. ~ room û۳ñ³Ý. ~ pot Ã»Û³Ù³Ý Ñ»Õ»Õ. kiss away ~s ѳÙμáõÛñÝ»ñáí ³ñóáõÝ-
(ÃáõñÙÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ). ~ kettle Ã»Û³Ù³Ý (çñÇ ùÁ ó³Ù³ù»óÝ»É. move/reduce smb to ~s
ѳٳñ). ~ strainer ûÛÇ ù³ÙÇã, ûÛù³ÙÇã. ~ ³ñï³ëí»Éáõ ã³÷ Ñáõ½»É£
cloth ûÛÇ ëñμÇã. ~ cup ûÛÇ ·³í³Ã. a storm tear [teə] v å³ïé»É, å³ï³éáï»É. ×Õ»É,
in a ~ cup ÷Ëμ. ÷áÃáñÇÏ ÙÇ μ³Å³Ï û- Ïïáñ-Ïïáñ ³Ý»É. ~ (in) to pieces å³ï³é-
ÛáõÙ/çñáõÙ. ~ leaf ûÛÇ ï»ñ¨. ~ garden û۳- å³ï³é ³Ý»É. ~ one’s dress ½·»ëïÁ å³ï-
ñ³Ý å³ñ﻽áõÙ. ~ party ûÛÇ Ññ³í»ñ. é»É. ~ the muscle ÙϳÝÁ åáÏ»É. ~ smb’s argu-
û۳ËÙáõÃÛáõÝ. ûÛÇ Ññ³íÇñí³Í ѳë³ñ³- ment/work to pieces ÷Ëμ. ç³Ëç³Ë»É ÷³ë-
ÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ caddy ûÛÇ ïáõ÷: ï³ñÏÝ»ñÁ. ùÝݳ¹³ï»É ³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ. ~
teach [ti:t∫] v ëáíáñ»óÝ»É, áõëáõó³Ý»É. ¹³- oneself from ¹áõñë åñÍÝ»É/³½³ïí»É ÙÇ μ³-
ë³í³Ý¹»É. ~ to drive Ù»ù»Ý³ í³ñ»É ëáíá- ÝÇó. ~ one’s hair ÷Ëμ. ·ÉËÇ Ù³½»ñÁ åáÏ»É.
ñ»óÝ»É. (Ëñ³ï»É, ¹³ë ï³É) ~ smn a lesson torn by conflicting emotions ÷Ëμ. ѳϳë³-
Ù»ÏÇÝ ¹³ë ï³É/Ë»ÉùÇ μ»ñ»É: Ï³Ý ½·³óÙáõÝùÝ»ñÇó ï³Ýçí»É. He tore a
teacher [΄ti:t∫ə] n áõëáõóÇã, áõëáõóãáõÑÇ. ¹³- strip off me ËëÏó. ºë Ýñ³ÝÇó ËÇëï ѳݹÇ-
ë³ïáõ. a history ~ å³ïÙáõÃÛ³Ý ¹³ë³ïáõ. Ù³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ ëï³ó³. ~ away åáÏ(í)»É. ~
~‘s training college Ù³Ýϳí³ñÅ³Ï³Ý ÇÝë- down ù³Ý¹»É, ó³Í ·ó»É. ~ down a building
ïÇïáõï: ß»ÝùÁ ù³Ý¹»É. ~ off åáÏ»É, åáÏí»É. ~ from
teaching [΄ti:t∫iŋ] n áõëÙáõÝù. áõëáõóáõÙ, ËÉ»É. ~ up å³ï³éáï»É:
¹³ë³í³Ý¹áõÙ. the ~s of Plato äɳïáÝÇ tear-drop [΄tiədrɒp] n ³ñóáõÝùÇ Ï³-
áõëÙáõÝùÁ. the ~ profession Ù³Ýϳí³ñÅÇ ÃÇÉ/ßÇÃ:
Ù³ëݳ·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝÁ. the ~ staff ¹³ë³ïáõÝ»- tearful [΄tiəfl] a ³ñï³ëí³ÉÇó, ³ñóáõÝùáí
ñÇ Ï³½ÙÁ. ~ load Ù³Ýϳí³ñÅÇ Í³Ýñ³- áÕáÕí³Í. ïËáõñ, ó³í³ÉÇ:
μ»éÝí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ. ~ hospital μÅßÏ³Ï³Ý tearfully [΄tiəfli] adv ³ñï³ëí»Éáí, ³ñ-
áõëáõÙݳñ³Ý áõÝ»óáÕ ÑÇí³Ý¹³Ýáó: óáõÝùÝ»ñÇ ÙÇçÇó:
teak [ti:k] n μëμ. ï»ùÇ, ï»ùÇ Í³é: teargas [΄tiəgæs] n ³ñï³ëí³μ»ñ ·³½:
team [ti:m] n ÃÇÙ, ËáõÙμ. ÉÍí³Íù (ßÝ»ñÇ, tearing [΄teəriŋ] a ËëÏó. ëñÁÝóó,
ÓÇ»ñÇ). football ~ ýáõïμáɳÛÇÝ ÃÇÙ. home ~ ϳï³ÕÇ, ÙáÉ»·ÇÝ:
¹³ßïÇ ï»ñ»ñ. away ~ ÑÛáõñ»ñÇ ÃÇÙÁ. junior tearless [΄tiələs] a ³é³Ýó ³ñóáõÝùÇ.
~ å³ï³Ý»Ï³Ï³Ý ÃÇÙ. ~ mate ÙǨÝáõÛÝ ³Ýï³ñμ»ñ:
ÃÇÙÇ ³Ý¹³Ù, ÃÇÙ³ÛÇÝ ÁÝÏ»ñ, ÃÇÙ³ÏÇó. ~ tear-stained [΄tiəsteind] a ɳóÇ Ñ»ïù»ñ
spirit ÃÇÙ³ÛÇÝ á·Ç. ~ events ÃÇÙ³ÛÇÝ ÙñóáõÙ- áõÝ»óáÕ, ³ñï³ëí³Ãáñ:
Ý»ñ. (ËáõÙμ, μñÇ·³¹) a research ~ ѻﳽá- tease [ti:z] n Ïéí³ë»ñ, ͳÕñ»Éáõ ëÇñ³Ñ³ñ:
ï³Ï³Ý ËáõÙμ. ~ of inspectors ï»ëáõãÝ»ñÇ teas/e [ti:z] v ͳÕñ»É, μ³ñϳóÝ»É, ·ñ·é»É.
μñÇ·³¹. observers’ ~ ¹ÇïáÕ³Ï³Ý ËáõÙμ. ~ Don’t ~ the cat/your sister ØÇ ·ñ·éÇñ
leader ËÙμÇ Õ»Ï³í³ñ. ~ work ËÙμ³ÛÇÝ Ï³ïíÇÝ / ØÇ μ³ñϳóÝÇñ ùñáç¹. He was
³ß˳ï³Ýù: only ~ing ܳ å³ñ½³å»ë ϳï³ÏáõÙ ¿ñ:
teaser 828 televise

teaser [΄ti:zə] n ËëÏó. ¹Åí³ñ ѳݻÉáõÏ, teenager [΄ti:neidзə] n å³ï³ÝÇ, ¹»é³-


·ÉáõËÏáïñáõÏ: ѳë:
tea-service [΄ti:‚sə:vis] n ûÛÇ ëå³ëù, ûÛÇ teens [ti:nz] n 13-19 ï³ñ»Ï³Ý ѳë³ÏÁ. She
ëå³ëù³Ï³½Ù: is still in her ~ ܳ ¹»é 20 ï³ñ»Ï³Ý ãϳ:
teaspoonful [΄ti:spu:nfl] n ÙÇ ÉÇùÁ ûÛÇ teeny [΄ti:ni] a ËëÏó. ã³÷³½³Ýó ÷áùñ,
·¹³É: Ù³ÝñÇÏ, åëïÉÇÏ:
teat [ti:t] n åïáõÏ (ÏñÍù³·»ÕÓÇ): teeth [ti:θ] n ³ï³ÙÝ»ñ. even ~ ѳí³ë³ñ
technical [΄teknikl] a ï»ËÝÇϳϳÝ, ·Çï³- ³ï³ÙÝ»ñ. uneven ~ ³Ýѳí³ë³ñ ³ï³Ù-
ϳÝ. ~ adviser/term/college ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý Ý»ñ. close-set ~ ËÇï/Ùáï-Ùáï ³ï³ÙÝ»ñ
ËáñÑñ¹³ïáõ/ï»ñÙÇÝ/ÇÝëïÇïáõï. due to a sparse ~ ó³Ýó³é/Ýáëñ ³ï³ÙÝ»ñ. perfect ~
~ hitch/fault ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý å³ï׳éÝ»ñáí. ÑáÛ³Ï³å ³ï³ÙÝ»ñ. artificial/false ~ ³ñ-
ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý ³Ýë³ñùáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ å³ï- Ñ»ëï³Ï³Ý ³ï³ÙÝ»ñ:
׳éáí. a ~ difficulty ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý μ³ñ- teeth/e [ti:ð] v ³ï³Ù ѳݻÉ. Baby is ~ing
¹áõÃÛáõÝ/¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝ: ºñ»Ë³Ý ³ï³Ù ¿ ѳÝáõÙ:
technicality [‚tekni΄kæləti] n ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý teetotaller [‚ti:΄təutlə] n ·ÇÝ»ÅáõÅϳÉ.
ѳïϳÝÇß/³é³ÝÓݳѳïÏáõÃÛáõÝ. ·áñÍÇ ãËÙáÕ/½·³Û³μ³ñá Ù³ñ¹:
ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý ÏáÕÙÁ. Ó¨³Ï³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: telecommunications [‚telikəmju:ni΄kei∫n]
technician [tek΄ni∫n] n ï»ËÝÇÏ. dental ~ n Ñ»é³Ñ³Õáñ¹³ÏóáõÃáõÝ:
³ï³Ùݳï»ËÝÇÏ. laboratory ~ ɳμáñ³Ýï: tegument [΄tegjumənt] n μÝ³Ï³Ý Í³ÍÏáó/
technicolour [΄tekni‚kΛlə] n a film in ~ ͳÍÏáõÛÃ:
·áõݳíáñ ýÇÉÙ: tehee [΄ti:΄hi:] n Ù³Ýñ ÍÇͳÕ, ùÙÍÇͳÕ:
technics [΄tekniks] n ï»ËÝÇϳ, ï»ËÝÇϳ- telegram [΄teligræm] n ѻ鳷Çñ:
Ï³Ý ·ÇïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: telegraph [΄teligra:f] n, v ѻ鳷ñáõÃÛáõÝ,
technique [tek΄ni:k] n ï»ËÝÇϳ (ϳï³ñ- ѻ鳷ñ»É:
Ù³Ý, ÑïÏå. »ñÅß., Ï»ñå³ñí»ëï). Ù»Ãá¹, telepathy [tə΄lepəθi] n ѻ鳽·³ÛáõÃÛáõÝ,
Ñݳñ, »Õ³Ý³Ï. management ~ ϳé³í³ñ- Ñ»é³Ùï³ÁÝϳÉáõÙ, ï»É»å³ïdz:
Ù³Ý Ù»Ãá¹. the research ~ ѻﳽáïáõÃÛ³Ý telephone [΄telifəun] n Ñ»é³Ëáë. by ~
Ù»Ãá¹(Ý»ñ). ~s for tasting ëïáõ·Ù³Ý Ù»Ãá¹- Ñ»é³Ëáëáí. answer the ~ Ñ»é³Ëáë³½³Ý-
Ý»ñ: ·ÇÝ å³ï³ë˳ݻÉ. be on the ~ Ñ»é³Ëááí
technology [tek΄nɒlədзi] n ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³. Ëáë»É:
ï»ËÝÇϳ. information ~ ï»Õ»Ï³ïí³Ï³Ý telephone [΄telifəun] a Ñ»é³ËáëÇ, Ñ»é³Ëá-
ï»ËÝáÉá·Ç³. ÇÝýáñÙ³ïÇϳ: ë³ÛÇÝ. ~ directory Ñ»é³ËáëÝ»ñÇ ï»Õ»Ï³-
techy [΄tet∫i] a ËëÏó. ËéáíϳÝ, ßáõï ݻճ- ïáõ. ~ exchange Ñ»é³Ëáë³Ï³Û³Ý. ~ num-
óáÕ. ¹Ûáõñ³·ñ·Çé. (ÓÇáõ Ù³ëÇÝ) ËñïÝáÕ: ber Ñ»é³ËáëÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ. ~ booth/box
tectonic [tek΄tɒnik] a ϳéáõóí³Íù³ÛÇÝ, ³íïáÙ³ï Ñ»é³Ëáë, Ñ»é³Ëáë³ÛÇÝ ËóÇÏ:
ï»ÏïáÝÇÏ. ׳ñï³ñ³å»ï³Ï³Ý: telephone [΄telifəun] v h»é³Ëáë»É, Ñ»é³-
Teddy-bear [΄tedibeə] n ³ñçáõÏ (˳ճ- Ëáëáí ½³Ý·³Ñ³ñ»É. ~ news Ñ»é³Ëáëáí
ÉÇù): Éáõñ»ñ/ÝáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ѳÛïÝ»É:
tedious [΄ti:diəs] a Ó³ÝÓñ³ÉÇ, ï³ÕïϳÉÇ, telephonist [tə΄lefənist] n Ñ»é³Ëáë³í³ñ/
Ñá·Ý»óáõóÇã: Ñ»é³Ëáë³í³ñáõÑÇ:
tedium [΄ti:diəm] n Ó³ÝÓñáõÛÃ, ï³ÕïÏáõ- teleprinter [΄teliprintə] n ï³é³ïåÇã Ñ»-
ÃÛáõÝ: é³·ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
teem [ti:m] v íËï³É, ½»é³É. ÉÇùÁ Éóí³Í telescope [΄teliskəup] n ѻ鳹Çï³Ï:
ÉÇÝ»É. The river was ~ing with fish ¶»ïáõÙ telescreen [΄teliskri:n] Ñ»éáõëﳿÏñ³Ý:
ÓÏÝ»ñ ¿ÇÝ íËïáõÙ. The streets were ~ing with teletype [΄telitəip] n ï»É»ï³Ûå (ï»É»Ã³Û÷):
people öáÕáóÝ»ñÁ ÉÇùÝ ¿ÇÝ Ù³ñ¹Ï³Ýóáí. ~ teleview [΄telivju:] v Ñ»éáõëï³Ñ³Õáñ¹áõÙ.
ing with life ÏÛ³Ýùáí É»óáõÝ£ televise [΄telivaiz] v Ñ»éáõëï³óáõÛóáí ѳ-
teen-age [΄ti:neidз] a ¹»é³Ñ³ë. ~ girls ¹»- Õáñ¹»É. The concert was ~d гٻñ·Á ѳ-
é³Ñ³ë ³ÕçÇÏÝ»ñ: Õnñ¹íáõÙ ¿ñ Ñ»éáõëï³óáõÛóáí:
television 829 temple II

television [΄teliviзn] n (TV) Ñ»éáõëï³ï»- ÝáÕ ÙáËÇñ (ѳÝó³Ýß³Ý):


ëáõÃÛáõÝ, Ñ»éáõëï³óáõÛó. colour ~ ·áõݳ- telly [΄teli] n ËëÏó. Ñ»éáõëï³óáõÛó:
íáñ Ñ»éáõëï³óáõÛó. watch TV (ݳ¨ ~ in) temerity [tə΄merəti] n ³ÝËáÑ»ÙáõÃÛáõÝ,
Ñ»éáõëï³óáõÛó ¹Çï»É. be on TV Ñ»éáõë- Ë»ÝÃáõÃÛáõÝ. ³Ýßñç³Ñ³Û»óáÕáõÃÛáõÝ:
ï³óáõÛóáí »ÉáõÛà áõݻݳÉ. see on TV Ñ»- temper [΄tempə] n μݳíáñáõÃÛáõÝ, ˳éÝ-
éáõëï³óáõÛóáí ï»ëÝ»É. TV set Ñ»éáõëï³- í³Íù. calm/quick/bad, ill/sweet ~ ѳݷÇëï/
óáõÛó: μéÝÏíáÕ/ͳÝñ/Ù»ÕÙ μݳíáñáõÃáõÝ. recover
tell [tel] v ³ë»É. ~ the reason å³ï׳éÝ ³ë»É. one’s ~ Çñ»Ý Ó»éùÁ ѳí³ù»É. control/keep/
~ the truth/a lie ×ßÙ³ñïáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³ë»É. ëáõï lose one’s ~ Çñ»Ý ïÇñ³å»ï»É/½ëå»É. ѳ-
Ëáë»É. (å³ïÙ»É) ~ a story å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ í³ë³ñ³ÏßéáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÏáñóÝ»É. (ïñ³Ù³¹-
å³ïÙ»É. Never ~ me лùdzÃÝ»ñ ÙÇ å³ï- ñáõÃÛáõÝ) in a good/bad~ ɳí/í³ï ïñ³Ù³¹-
ÙÇñ. (ѳÛïÝ»É, ѳÕáñ¹»É) T~ him I can’t ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç. (çÕ³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ, μ³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ,
come гÕáñ¹»ù Ýñ³Ý, áñ »ë ã»Ù ϳñáÕ ½³ÛñáõÛÃ) out of ~ çÕ³Ûݳó³Í, ½³Ûñ³ó³Í.
·³É. That ~s us a lot ¸³ Ù»½ ß³ï μ³Ý ¿ show ~ ½³Ûñ³Ý³É:
³ëáõÙ. ~ tales Ñ»ùdzà å³ïÙ»É. I told you so temper [΄tempə] v ϳñ·³íáñ»É. Ù»ÕÙ³óÝ»É.
! ºë Ó»½ ³ëáõÙ ¿Ç, 㿱. T~ me another ! ¾É Ç°Ýã ã³÷³íáñ»É. The sea ~s the climate ÌáíÁ
ϳë»ë. I ~ you what ! ¸», ·Çï»ë ÇÝã. I could Ù»ÕÙ³óÝáõÙ ¿ ÏÉÇÙ³Ý. Ïá÷(í)»É ~ed in bat-
~ you a thing or two. ºë Ó»½ ϳñáÕ »Ù ß³ï tle Ù³ñïáõÙ Ïá÷í³Í:
μ³Ý»ñ ³ë»É. Do as you are told ²ñ»ù ÇÝã Ó»½ temperament [΄temprəmənt] n μݳíáñáõ-
³ëáõÙ »Ý. (ÇٳݳÉ, ׳ݳã»É) There is no ÃÛáõÝ, ˳éÝí³Íù. Ïñ³ÏáïáõÃÛáõÝ. an artis-
~ing âÇ ÇÙ³óíÇ. áí ·ÇïÇ. How can I tell ? tic/nervous ~ ³ñïÇëï³Ï³Ý,/·»Õ³ñíëï³-
ƱÝã ÇٳݳÙ. You can ~ from his face ¸»ÙùÇó Ï³Ý Ë³éÝí³Íù. ÝÛ³ñ¹³ÛÇÝ μݳíáñáõ-
»ñ¨áõÙ ¿. I can’t ~ them apart ºë ã»Ù ϳñáÕ ÃÛáõÝ:
Ýñ³Ýó ï³ñμ»ñ»É. Yûu can ~ at once temperance [΄temprəns] n ã³÷³íáñáõ-
²ÝÙÇç³å»ë »ñ¨áõÙ ¿. (Ù³ïÝ»É) ~ on smb ÃÛáõÝ, ½ëåí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. á·»ÉÇó ËÙÇãùÝ»ñ
Ù³ïÝ»É Ù»ÏÇÝ. Time will ~ ijٳݳÏÁ ã·áñͳͻÉÁ£
óáõÛó Ïï³. The strain told on him ȳñ- temperate [΄tempərət] a μ³ñ»Ë³éÝ, Ù»ÕÙ,
í³ÍáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³Ý¹ñ³¹³ñÓ³í Ýñ³ ³éáÕ- ã³÷³íáñ. ½áõëå, ÅáõÅϳÉ. a ~ climate μ³-
çáõÃÛ³Ý íñ³/ѻ勉ÝùÝ»ñÁ ½·³óí»óÇÝ. ñ»Ë³éÝ ÏÉÇÙ³. ~ in one’s drinking ËÙÇãùÁ
His age is beginning to ~ î³ñÇùÝ Çñ»Ý ½áõëå/ã³÷³íáñ û·ï³·áñÍáÕ£
½·³óÝ»É ¿ ï³ÉÇë. (ѳßí»É, ѳÙñ»É) all told temperature [΄temprət∫ə] n ç»ñÙáõÃÛáõÝ,
μáÉáñÁ ѳßí³Í/Ý»ñ³éÛ³É. ~ one’s beads ï³ùáõÃÛáõÝ. ç»ñÙ³ëïÇ׳Ý. high/low/nor-
í³ñ¹³ñ³ÝÁ ѳßí»É. ~ off ËëÏó. ѳÝ- mal/average ~ μ³ñÓñ/ó³Íñ/ÝáñÙ³É/ÙÇçÇÝ
¹ÇٳݻÉ, Ïßï³Ùμ»É. ~ off for being late ç»ñÙ³ëïÇ׳Ý. take one’s ~ ï³ùáõÃÛáõÝÁ
Ïßï³Ùμ»É áõ߳ݳÉáõ ѳٳñ: ã³÷»É. run a/have a ~ ç»ñÙáõÃÛáõÝ áõÝ»-
teller [΄telə] n å³ïÙáÕ, å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝ ³ÝáÕ. ݳÉ. ~ chart ç»ñÙáõÃÛ³Ý ³ÕÛáõë³Ï/óáõó³-
ýÇÝ. ·³ÝÓ³å³Ñ. Ó³ÛÝ»ñÇ Ñ³ßíÇã (å³é- ݳÏ:
ɳٻÝïáõÙ): tempest [΄tempist] 1. n ÷áÃáñÇÏ. a ~ of anger
telling [΄teliŋ] n (í»ñ³)å³ïÙáõÙ. ~ off ÷áÃáñϳÉÇó ½³ÛñáõÛÃ. ~ in a teapot ÷á-
ËëÏó. ѳݹÇÙ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ, Ïßï³Ùμ³Ýù: ÃáñÇÏ ÙÇ μ³Å³Ï çñáõÙ. 2. v ÷áÃáñÏ»É,
telling [΄teliŋ] a Ý߳ݳϳÉÇó, áõÅ»Õ, ³ñ- ÙññÏ»É. ÷Ëμ. ÙáÉ»·Ý»É, ϳï³Õ»É:
ï³Ñ³ÛïÇã. a ~ argument áõÅ»Õ ÷³ëï³ñÏ. tempestuous [tem΄pest∫uəs] a Ñáõ½áõÙݳ-
a ~ blow ͳÝñ/³½¹áõ ѳñí³Í. ~ figëres ÉÇó, ÷áÃáñϳÉÇó, ϳï³ÕÇ. ÙáÉ»·ÇÝ:
ß³ï μ³Ý ³ëáÕ/³ñï³Ñ³ÛïÇã Ãí»ñ: temple I [΄templ] n ï³×³ñ. ancient/pagan/sa-
telltale [΄telteil] n Ù³ïÝÇã. ˳μ³ñμ½ÇÏ. cred ~ ÑÇݳíáõñó/ѻóÝáë³Ï³Ý/ëáõñμ
μ³Ùμ³ë³Ý: ï³×³ñ:
telltale [΄telteil] a ¹³í³×³ÝáÕ, Ù³ïÝáÕ. a temple II [΄templ] n ϽÙË. ùáõÝù. grey at
~ blush Ù³ïÝáÕ ßÇÏÝáõÙ. the ~ ash Ù»ñϳó- the ~s ùáõÝùÇ Ù³½»ñÁ ëåÇï³Ï³Í. T~s were
templet 830 tender III

throbbing øáõÝù»ñÇ »ñ³ÏÝ»ñÁ ïñá÷áõÙ tenacious [ti΄nei∫əs] a ÏåãáõÝ, ϳéãáõÝ


¿ÇÝ: áõÅ»Õ. ~ memory ɳí ÑÇßáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ of life
templet [΄templət] n ϳճå³ñ, ß³μÉáÝ: Ï»ÝëáõݳÏ. ~ of one’s rights ѳٳéáñ»Ý
tempo [΄tempəu] n ï»Ùå (ݳ¨ »ñÅß.), å³ßïå³Ý»É Çñ Çñ³íáõÝùÝ»ñÁ:
³ñ³·áõÃÛ³Ý ³ëïÇ׳Ý: tenacity [ti΄næsəti] n ÏåãáõÝáõÃÛáõÝ, ѳë-
temporal I [΄temprəl] a ųٳݳϳíáñ, ï³ï³Ï³ÙáõÃÛáõÝ. Ïåã»ÉáõÃÛáõÝ:
³ÝóáÕÇÏ. ³ß˳ñÑÇÏ: tenancy [΄tenənsi] n (³Ýß³ñÅ ·áõÛùÇ) í³ñ-
temporal II [΄temprəl] n, a ϽÙË. ӳϳÉáõÃÛáõÝ. í³ñӳϳÉí³Í ß»Ýù/ÑáÕ.
ùáõÝùáëÏñ. ùáõÝù³ÛÇÝ: í³ñӳϳÉáõÃÛ³Ý Å³ÙÏ»ï. ~ of the farm
temporary [΄temprəri] a ųٳݳϳíáñ. ~ ³·³ñ³ÏÇ/ý»ñÙ³ÛÇ í³ñӳϳÉáõÃÛáõÝ. ha-
bridge/address/success/work ųٳݳϳíáñ ve a life ~ of the property (ïíÛ³É) ë»÷³Ï³-
ϳ Ùáõñç/ѳëó»/ѳçáÕáõÃÛáõÝ/³ß ˳ - ÝáõÃÛ³Ý í³ñӳϳÉÙ³Ý óÙ³Ñ Çñ³íáõÝù:
ï³Ýù. ~ nuisance/provision/storage ųٳݳ- tenant [΄tenənt] n í³ñӳϳÉ, μݳÏÇã. life ~
ϳíáñ ³ÝѳñÙ³ñáõÃÛáõÝ/¹ñáõÛÃ. ϳñ׳- (³Ýß³ñÅ) ·áõÛùÇ óÙ³Ñ ï»ñ/í³ñӳϳÉ. ~
ï¨ å³Ñå³ÝáõÙ. ÑÙÏñ·. temporary ųٳ- farmer í³ñÓ³Ï³É ý»ñÙ»ñ:
ݳϳíáñ, ³ß˳ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ. ~ disk ³ß˳- tenantless [΄tenəntləs] a í³ñÓáõ ãïñí³Í.
ï³Ýù³ÛÇÝ ¹ÇëÏ. ~ realm ųٳݳϳíáñ ³½³ï, ã½μ³Õ»óñ³Í:
ïÇñáõÛÃ. ~ storage ųٳݳϳíáñ ÑÇß³- tenantry [΄tenəntri] n ÑíùÏ. í³ñӳϳÉÝ»ñ:
ë³ñù: tend I [tend] v Ñá·³É, Ñá· ï³Ý»É, ËݳٻÉ:
temporize [΄tempəraiz] v ѳå³Õ»É, ¹³Ý- tend II [tend] v ѳÏí»É, ѳÏáõÙ áõݻݳÉ. ~
¹³Õ»É, Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ß³Ñ»É. ~ over answering to be lazy ÍáõÉáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³ÏáõÙ áõݻݳÉ. ~ to
å³ï³ë˳ÝÁ Ó·Ó·»É: aggree with everything ѳÏí³Í ÉÇÝ»É
tempt [tempt] v ·³ÛóÏÕ»óÝ»É, ·³ÛóÏÕ»É. ³Ù»Ý ÇÝãÇ Ñ»ï ѳٳӳÛÝí»É. This cloth
·ñ³í»É, Ññ³åáõñ»É. ÷áñÓ»É. ÷áñÓáõÃÛ³Ý ~s to shrink (Éí³Ý³Éáõó) ²Ûë ÏïáñÁ ÙïÝáõÙ
»ÝóñÏ»É. ~ fate μ³Ëï ÷áñÓ»É. ~ smb do ¿:
smth ·³ÛóÏÕ»É áñ¨¿ ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝ ³Ý»- tendance [΄tendəns] n Ñá·³ï³ñáõÃÛáõÝ,
Éáõ. be greatly ~ed Ù»Í ó³ÝÏáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ. ËݳÙù. ÑëÏáÕáõÃÛáõÝ:
be ~ed by an offer ³é³ç³ñÏáõÃÛ³Ùμ tendency [΄tendənsi] n ÙÇïáõÙ, ѳ-
·³ÛóÏÕí»É. Nothing would ~ him Üñ³Ý ÏáõÙ, ѳÏí³ÍáõÃáõÝ. have a ~ to ѳÏáõÙ
áãÇÝã ãÇ ·³ÛóÏÕÇ/Ñݳñ³íáñ ã¿ ·³ÛóÏ- áõݻݳÉ:
Õ»É: tendentious [ten΄den∫əs] a ÙÇïáõÙݳíáñ,
temptation [temp΄tei∫n] n ·³ÛóÏÕáõÙ, ï»Ý¹»ÝóÇá½:
Ññ³åáõñáõÙ. ÷áñÓáõÃÛáõÝ. lead smb into ~ tender I [΄tendə] 1. n ³é³ç³ñÏáõÃÛáõÝ.
Ù»ÏÇÝ ·³ÛóÏÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ·ó»É: ѳÛï, ѳÛï³ñù, å³ïí»ñ. ·áõÙ³ñ, í׳-
tempter [΄temptə] n ·³ÛóÏÕÇã, ·³ÛóÏ- ñ³ÙÇçáó. legal ~ Çñ³í. ûñÇÝ³Ï³Ý í׳-
ÕáÕ. the T~ ÏñáÝ. ë³ï³Ý³: ñ³ÙÇçáó. This coin is not legal ~ ²Ûë ¹ñ³ÙÁ
tempting [΄temptiŋ] a ·³ÛóÏÕÇã, Ññ³åáõ- ßñç³Ý³éáõÃÛáõÝÇó ѳÝí³Í ¿. invite ~s for
ñÇã: construction ϳå³É³éáõ ϳ½Ù³Ï»ñåáõ-
temptress [΄temptrəs] n ·³ÛóÏÕÇã ÏÇÝ: ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ Ññ³íÇñ»É ßÇݳñ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³-
ten [ten] 1. n ï³ëÝÛ³Ï, ï³ëÁ ѳï. ÃÕÃË. Ù³ñ. 2. v ³é³ç³ñÏ»É. ѳÛï/ݳ˳ѳßÇí
ï³ë³Ýáó. ËëÏó. ï³ë³Ýáó (ÃÕó¹ñ³Ù). Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É. ~ one’s resignation The firm ~ed
2. num ï³ëÁ. ~ to one (·ñ³½) ï³ëÇÝ Ù»Ï. for building üÇñÙ³Ý Ï³éáõó»Éáõ ѳÛï ¿ Ý»ñ-
He is ~ ܳ 10 ï³ñ»Ï³Ý ¿. 10 times 10 ϳ۳óñ»É:
³Ý·³Ù. chapter 10 ·ÉáõË ï³ëÝ»ñáñ¹: tender II [΄tendə] n »ñÏÃ. çñÇ ¨ í³é»ÉÇùÇ
tenable [΄tenəbl] a ³Ùáõñ, ϳÛáõÝ, ѳë- å³Ñ»ëï³í³·áÝ:
ï³ïáõÝ. The theory is not ~ î»ëáõÃÛáõÝÁ tender III [΄tendə] n ËݳÙù ï³ÝáÕ ³ÝÓ.
ϳÛáõÝ ÑÇÙù»ñ ãáõÝÇ. TÑe post is ~ for three baby ~ ¹³Û³Ï. invalid ~ ÑÇí³Ý¹³å³Ñ/áõÑÇ.
years ä³ßïáÝÁ ³é³ç³ñÏíáõÙ ¿ »ñ»ù machine ~ Ù»ù»Ý³Ý ëå³ë³ñÏáÕ, Ù»ù»Ý³ÛÇ
ï³ñáí: íñ³ ³ß˳ïáÕ ³ÝÓ:
tender 831 term

tender [΄tendə] a Ýáõñμ, ùÝùáõß. Ýñμ³Ýϳï, Ë÷»É. pitch one’s ~ ÷Ëμ. μݳÏáõÃÛáõÝ Ñ³ë-
½·³ÛáõÝ. ÷³÷áõÏ. ~ voice ùÝùáõß Ó³ÛÝ. ~ ï³ï»É. ~ peg/pole íñ³ÝÇ ë»å/ÓáÕ. oxygen
care Ýáõñμ Ñá·³ï³ñáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ meat Ýáõñμ ~ ÃÃí³ÍÝÇ íñ³Ý:
ÙÇë. a ~ age ùÝùáõß Ñ³ë³Ï. (ÃáõÛÉ) a ~ spot tent [tent] v íñ³Ý Ë÷»É, íñ³ÝáõÙ ³åñ»É:
ÃáõÛÉ/Ëáó»ÉÇ ï»Õ. ~ health ÃáõÛÉ ³éáÕçáõ- tentacle [΄tentəkl] n ϻݹ. ßáß³÷áõÏ:
ÃÛáõÝ: tentative [΄tentətiv] a ÷áñÓݳϳÝ, ÷áñÓ³-
tenderfoot [΄tendəfut] n ëÏëݳÏ, Ýáñ»Ï. é³Ï³Ý, ݳËݳϳÝ. ~ agreement ݳËݳ-
å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÇÝ ãÁÝï»É³ó³Í. ¹Åí³ñáõ- Ï³Ý Ñ³Ù³Ó³ÛÝáõÃÛáõÝ. make a ~ suggestion
ÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ ãí³ñÅí³Í: ݳËÝ³Ï³Ý ³é³ç³ñÏ ÙïóÝ»É. a ~ smile
tender-hearted [‚tendə΄ha:tid] a ÷³÷ϳ- »ñÏãáï ÅåÇï:
ëÇñï, ¹Ûáõñ³½·³ó, ½·³ÛáõÝ: tenter-hooks [΄tentəhuks] n be on ~ ϳñÍ»ë
tenderloin [΄tendəlɔin] n ëáõÏÇ (Ù»çùÇ ÙÇë): ÷ß»ñÇ íñ³ Ýëï³Í ÉÇÝ»É. ³ÝáñáßáõÃÛáõÝÇó
tenderness [΄tendənəs] n ùÝùßáõÃÛáõÝ, Ù»Õ- ï³Ýçí»É. keep smb on ~ ³ÝáñáßáõÃÛ³Ùμ
ÙáõÃÛáõÝ, ÷³÷ÏáõÃÛáõÝ: ï³Ýç»É:
tendon [΄tendən] n ϽÙË. çÇÉ, çÇÕ: tenth [tenθ]1. num ï³ëÝ»ñáñ¹. ~ wave
tendril [΄tendrəl] n μëμ. μ»ÕÇÏ: ÇÝÝ»ñáñ¹ ³ÉÇù, ÷áÃáñÏÇ ³Ù»Ý³áõÅ»Õ
tenebrous [΄tenibrəs] a ˳í³ñ, ÙÃÇÝ, ³ÉÇùÁ. 2. n ï³ëÝ»ñáñ¹ Ù³ë, Ù»Ï
Ùé³ÛÉ: ï³ëÝ»ñáñ¹:
tenement [΄tenəmənt] n í³ñӳϳÉí³Í ³Ý- tenuity [te΄nju:əti] n μ³ñ³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ, Ýñμáõ-
ß³ñÅ ·áõÛù. μ³½Ù³μݳϳñ³Ý ß»Ýù ÃÛáõÝ, Ýñμ³Ï»ñïáõÃÛáõÝ:
(¿Å³Ý³·ÇÝ): tenuous [΄tenjuəs] a ãÝãÇÝ ³ÝÝß³Ý, ÃáõÛÉ. ~
tenet [΄tenit] n ÝáñÙ, ϳÝáÝ. ¹³í³Ý³Ýù, air Ýáëñ û¹:
ëϽμáõÝù: tenure [΄tenjə] n ïÇñáõÙ, ïÇñ³Ï³ÉáõÙ.
tenfold [΄tenfəuld] a ï³ëݳå³ïÇÏ: í³ñӳϳÉáõÃÛáõÝ. ½μ³Õ»óáõÙ, í³ñáõÙ.
tenner [΄tenə] n ËëÏó. ï³ë³Ýáó ÃÕó¹- ïÇñáõÃÛáõÝ, í³ñӳϳÉáõÃÛáõÝ. The presi-
ñ³Ù (³Ù. ¹áɳñ, ³Ý·É. ýáõÝï): dent’s ~ of office is four years äñ»½Ç¹»ÝïÇ
tennis [΄tenis] n Ùñ½. ûÝÇë, lawn/table ~ å³ßïáݳí³ñáõÙÁ ãáñë ï³ñÇ ¿. security of
¹³ßï³ÛÇÝ/ë»Õ³ÝÇ Ã»ÝÇë. ~ court/player ~ í³ñӳϳÉáõÃÛ³Ý Çñ³íáõÝùÇ ³å³Ñá-
ûÝÇëÇ Ë³Õ³¹³ßï. ûÝÇëÇëï. ~ tourna- íáõÃÛáõÝ:
ment ûÝÇëÇ ÙñóáõÙÝ»ñ: tepee [΄ti:pi:] n ÑÛáõëÇë³Ù»ñÏÛ³Ý ÑݹϳóÇ-
tenor I [΄tenə] n ÁݹѳÝáõñ áõÕÕáõÃÛáõÝ, Ý»ñÇ ÑÛáõÕ:
ÁÝóóù. the ~s of one’s life Ï»Ýë³Ó¨, Ï»Ý- tepid [΄tepid] a ·áÉ, ·³Õç. ÷Ëμ. ë³éÁ, áã
ó³Õ³Ó¨: ç»ñÙ (ѳñ³μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ):
tenor II [΄tenə] n »ñÅß. ï»Ýáñ: tercentenary [‚tə:sen΄ti:nəri] n, a »ñ»ù-
tense [tens] n ù»ñ. ųٳݳÏ: ѳñÛáõñ³ÙÛ³Ï. »ñ»ùѳñÛáõñ³ÙÛ³:
tense [tens] 1. a ɳñí³Í, Ó·í³Í. ~ muscles/ term [tə:m] n ųÙÏ»ï, ë³ÑÙ³Ýí³Í ųٳ-
faces ɳñí³Í ÙϳÝÝ»ñ/¹»Ùù»ñ. be always ~ ݳϳßñç³Ý. Çñ³í. ¹³ï³ñ³ÝÇ Ýëï³-
ÙÇßï ɳñí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. 2. v ɳñí»É: ßñç³Ý. ~ of office/lease å³ßïáݳí³ñÙ³Ý/
tensile [΄tensail] a Ó·»ÉÇ, ³é³Ó·»ÉÇ. ³é³Ó- í³ñӳϳÉáõÃÛ³Ý Å³ÙÏ»ï. long/short ~ »ñ-
·³Ï³Ý: ϳñ³ï¨, ϳñ׳ï¨. breach of ~s ųÙÏ»ï-
tension [΄ten∫n] n ɳñáõÙ, ɳñí³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. Ý»ñÇ Ë³ËïáõÙ. (ÏÇë³ÙÛ³Ï, ë»Ù»ëïñ) dur-
Ó·áõÙ, Ó·í³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ. reduce the ~ ɳñí³- ing/in ~ áõëáõÙÝ³Ï³Ý ÏÇë³ÙÛ³ÏÇ ÁÝóó-
ÍáõÃÛáõÝÁ ÃáõɳóÝ»É/ѳݻÉ. the ~s of mod- ùáõÙ. out of ~ ³ñÓ³Ïáõñ¹Ý»ñÇ ÁÝóóùáõÙ.
ern life ųٳݳϳÏÇó ÏÛ³ÝùÇ É³ñí³Íáõ- (ï»ñÙÇÝ) a technical ~ ï»ËÝÇÏ³Ï³Ý ï»ñ-
ÃÛáõÝÁ. ~s in the family ɳñí³Í ¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ ÙÇÝ. a contradiction in ~s ï»ñÙÇݳμ³Ý³Ï³Ý
ÁÝï³ÝÇùáõÙ. racial ~s é³ë³Û³Ï³Ý ѳ- ѳϳëáõÃÛáõÝ. in general/simple ~s Áݹ-
ϳëáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: ѳÝáõñ/å³ñ½ ï»ñÙÇÝÝ»ñáí. in legal ~s
tent [tent] n íñ³Ý. ~ cloth å³ñáõëÇÝ, Çñ³í³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý ï»ñÙÇÝÝ»ñáí. in round ~s
μñ»½»Ýï (íñ³ÝÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ). pitch a ~ íñ³Ý ËÇëï ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí. in set ~s
term 832 test

áñáß³ÏÇ Ï»ñåáí. in ~s of ³ñï³Ñ³Ûïáõ- houses ë³Ý¹Õ³í³Ý¹Ç íñ³ ·ïÝíáÕ ïÝ»ñÇ


ÃÛ³Ùμ. ÇÙ³ëïáí, ³éáõÙáí. flattering ~s ßá- ß³ñù. the ~s Ù³ñ½³¹³ßïÇ ïñÇμáõݳݻñÁ:
ÕáùáñÃ/ѳ׻ÉÇ ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ. terracotta [‚terə΄kɒtə] n ÃñÍ³Í Ï³í, ï»-
(Ï»ï, å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñ, Ñá¹í³Í) come to ~s é³Ïáï³:
ѳٳӳÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý ·³É. ~s of payment í׳ñ- terrain [tə΄rein] n ï»Õ, ï»Õ³Ýù. ï³ñ³Íáõ-
Ù³Ý å³ÛÙ³ÝÝ»ñÁ. on one’s own ~ Çñ å³Û- ÃÛáõÝ:
Ù³ÝÝ»ñáí. make ~s å³Ûٳݳíáñí»É, ѳ- terrestrial [tə΄restriəl] a »ñÏñ³ÛÇÝ, ó³Ù³-
Ù³Ó³ÛÝáõÃÛ³Ý ·³É. on familiar/easy ~s μ³- ù³ÛÇÝ:
ñ»Ï³Ù³Ï³Ý ѳñ³μ»ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ù»ç. be terrible [΄terəbl] a ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ, ëáëϳÉÇ,
not on speaking ~s Çñ³ñ Ñ»ï ãËáë»É, Ëéáí ½³ñÑáõñ»ÉÇ. ËëÏó. áõÅ»Õ, ë³ëïÇÏ. ~ man/
ÉÇÝ»É. on good/bad ~s ɳí/í³ï ѳñ³μ»- fire/news ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ Ù³ñ¹. áõÅ»Õ Ññ¹»Ñ.
ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É: ëáëϳÉÇ Éáõñ:
term [tə:m] v ³Ýí³Ý»É, Ïáã»É. áñáß»É, ë³Ñ- terrier [΄teriə] n ï»ñÇ»ñ (áñë³ß³Ý ï»ë³Ï):
ٳݻÉ. He ~s himself a doctor ܳ Çñ»Ý μÅÇßÏ terrific [tə΄rifik] a ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ, ëáëϳÉÇ.
¿ ³Ýí³ÝáõÙ. I ~ it a disgrace ºë ¹³ ˳Û- ËëÏó. ßßÙ»óáõóÇã. Ñëϳ۳ϳÝ:
ï³é³ÏáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³Ýí³Ý»Ç/ÏÏáã»Ç: terrify [΄terəfai] v ë³ñë³÷»óÝ»É, ½³ñÑáõ-
terminable [΄tə:minəbl] a ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï»- ñ»óÝ»É. ËÇëï í³Ë»óÝ»É:
ÉÇ. ųÙÏ»ïáí ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ïí³Í: terrifying [΄teri‚faiiŋ] a ë³ñë³÷³½¹áõ,
terminal [΄tə:minl]1. n í»ñçݳϻï, í»ñç- ³Ñ³ñÏáõ:
ݳϳ۳Ý. ¿É. ë»ÕÙ³Ï, ë»ÕÙÇã. bus/air ~ ³í- territorial [‚terə΄tɔ:riəl] a ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ,
ïáϳ۳Ý. û¹³Ý³í³Ï³Û³Ý. 2. a í»ñç- »ñÏñ³ÛÇÝ. T~ Army/Force »ñÏñ³ÛÇÝ μ³Ý³Ï.
ݳϳÝ, í»ñçÇÝ. ųÙÏ»ï³ÛÇÝ, å³ñμ»ñ³- ~ waters ï³ñ³Íù³ÛÇÝ/ï»ñÇïáñdzÉ
ϳÝ. a ~ case μÅßÏ. ٳѳóáõ ÑÇí³Ý¹. çñ»ñ:
ÑÙÏñ·. í»ñçݳϻï, í»ñçݳϳ۳Ý. territory [΄terətəri] n »ñÏÇñ, ÑáÕ, ï³ñ³Íù.
ï»ñÙÇݳÉ. ~ processor ï»ñÙÇݳÉÇ Õ»- ÷Ëμ. μݳ·³í³é, ³ëå³ñ»½:
ϳí³Ù³Ý ÙÇçáóÝ»ñ. ~ session ³ß˳- terror [΄terə] n ³Ñ, ë³ñë³÷, ³Ñ³μ»Ïãáõ-
ï³ÝùÇ ë»³Ýë ï»ñÙÇݳÉÇ ÙÇçáóáí. ~ sym- ÃÛáõÝ, ï»éáñ. strike ~ into smb ³Ñáõë³ñë³÷
bol í»ñçÇÝ Ñ³Ûï³ÝÇß. ~ user ï»ñÙÇݳÉÇó Ý»ñßÝã»É. That child’s a holy ~ ËëÏó. ²Ûë
û·ïíáÕ: »ñ»Ë³Ý ³ëïÍáõ å³ïÇÅ ¿:
terminate [΄tə:mineit] v í»ñç/ë³ÑÙ³Ý ¹Ý»É. terror-haunted [΄terə‚hɔ:ntid] a ³Ñ³-
í»ñç³óÝ»É, í»ñç³Ý³É. ~ a contract/an inves- μ»Ïí³Í, ë³ñë³÷³Ñ³ñ:
tigation. å³Ûٳݳ·ÇñÁ ÉáõÍ»É/Éáõͳñ»É. terrorist [΄terərist] n ³Ñ³μ»ÏÇã:
¹³¹³ñ»óÝ»É Ñ»ï³½áïáõÃÛáõÝÁ. The meet- terroristic [΄terəristik] a ³Ñ³μ»Ïã³Ï³Ý. ~
ing will ~ at 6 o’clock ÄáÕáíÁ Ïí»ñç³Ý³ killing ³Ñ³μ»Ïã³Ï³Ý ëå³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ threat
ųÙÁ 6-ÇÝ: ³Ñ³μ»ÏãáõÃÛ³Ý ëå³éݳÉÇù:
termination [‚tə:mi΄nei∫n] n ³í³ñïáõÙ. terrorize [΄terəraiz] v ³Ñ³μ»Ï»É:
í³Ë׳Ý. ë³ÑÙ³Ý. ~ of contract å³Ûٳݳ- terror-stricken, terror-struck [΄terəst-
·ñÇ ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛ³Ý ¹³¹³ñ»óáõÙ: rikən, ΄terəstrΛk] a ³Ñ³μ»Ï, ë³ñë³÷³-
terminology [‚tə:mi΄nɒlədзi] n ï»ñÙÇݳ- ѳñ:
μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ: terse [tə:s] a ë»ÕÙ, ѳÏÇñ×. ³ñï³Ñ³ÛïÇã
terminus [΄tə:minəs] n í»ñçݳϳÝ, í»ñç- (á×):
ݳÝå³ï³Ï. í»ñçÇÝ/ϳ۳Ý/ϳݷ³é: tertiary [΄tə:∫əri] a »ñÏñμ., μÅßÏ. »ññáñ-
termite [΄tə:mait] n ϻݹ. ëåÇï³Ï ÙñçÛáõÝ. ¹³ÛÇÝ:
ٻͳÙñçÛáõÝ: tesselated [΄tesəleitid] a ë³ÉÇϳíáñ, ë³ÉÇ-
termless [΄tə:mləs] a ³Ýë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ï, ³Ý- ϳÛÇÝ:
ë³ÑÙ³Ý. ³ÝųÙÏ»ï: test [test] n ëïáõ·áõÙ, ÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙ. ÷áñÓ,
ternary [΄tə:nəri] n »ñ»ù Ãí³Ýß³Ý. »éÛ³Ï: ã³÷áñáßÇã. μÅßÏ. ùÝÝáõÙ, ½ÝÝáõÙ. ³Ý³Éǽ.
terrace [΄terəs] n ë³Ý¹Õ³÷áõÉ, ï»é³ë. ~d ùÇÙ. ³Ý³Éǽ, 黳ÏïÇí. severe/serious/nu-
test 833 than

clear ~ ËÇëï/Éáõñç/ÙÇçáõϳÛÇÝ ÷áñÓ³ñ- ѳÝÓݳñ³ñ³Ï³Ý ݳٳÏ:


ÏáõÙ/ï»ëï. achievement ~ Ó»éùμ»ñáõÙÝ»ñÇ testimony [΄testiməni] n íϳÛáõÃÛáõÝ, óáõó-
ã³÷áñáßÇã. a ~ of character μݳíáñáõÃÛ³Ý ÙáõÝù. ³å³óáõÛó. Çñ³í. óáõóÙáõÝùÝ»ñ.
÷áñÓ³ñÏáõÙ/÷áñÓáõÙ. put to the ~ ÷áñ- credible ~ íëï³Ñ»ÉÇ óáõóÙáõÝù. bear/give ~
Ó³ñÏÙ³Ý/ëïáõ·Ù³Ý »ÝóñÏ»É. stand the ~ íϳۻÉ, íϳÛáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É. produce ~ ³å³-
ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ μéÝ»É, ÷áñÓ³ñÏÙ³ÝÁ ¹ÇÙ³- óáõÛó Ý»ñϳ۳óÝ»É:
ݳÉ. conduct ~s ÷áñÓ»ñ ϳï³ñ»É. a voice ~ testy [΄testi] a ¹Ûáõñ³·ñ·Çé, ï³ù³ñÛáõÝ:
Ó³ÛÝÁ ÷áñÓ»É. a ~ of strength áõÅÇ ëïáõ- tetanus [΄tetənəs] n μÅßÏ. ϳñϳٳËï,
·áõÙ. an eye/intelligence ~ ï»ëáÕáõÃÛ³Ý/ ï»ï³Ýáõë:
Ùï³íáñ ϳñáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ëïáõ·áõÙ. pro- tete-a-tete [‚teitə΄teit] n ¹»Ù ³é ¹»Ù. »ñ»ë
ficiency ~ áñ³Ï³íáñÙ³Ý ëïáõ·áõÙ. a driv- ³é »ñ»ë. have a ~ »ñ»ë ³é »ñ»ë Ëáë³Ïóáõ-
ing ~ í³ñáñ¹³Ï³Ý Çñ³íáõÝùÇ ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝ. ÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ:
~ tube ÷áñÓ³ÝáÃ. ~ tube baby ÷áñÓ³Ýá- tether [΄teðə] n ϳå, å³ñ³Ý. ÷Ëμ. ϳ-
óÛÇÝ »ñ»Ë³. ~ paper ɳÏÙáõëÇ ÃáõÕÃ. ~ å³ÝùÝ»ñ, ßÕóݻñ. be at the end of one’s ~
flight ÷áñÓÝ³Ï³Ý ÃéÇãù. ~ pilot ÷áñÓ³ñÏÇã ËëÏó. ͳÛñ³Ï»ïÇÝ Ñ³ëÝ»É, ѳÙμ»ñáõ-
û¹³ãáõ. ~ case óáõó³¹ñ³Ï³Ý ¹»åù/·áñÍ. ÃÛáõÝÁ ѳï»É:
stand the ~ of time ųٳݳÏÇ ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ tetragon [΄tetrə‚gɒn] n »ñÏñã. ù³é³ÝÏÛáõÝÇ.
μéÝ»É. qualify in/on the ~ ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ μéÝ»É. regular ~ ù³é³ÏáõëÇ:
fail/pass the ~ ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝÁ Ó³ËáÕ»É/ѳÝÓ- tetter [΄tetə] n μÅßÏ. ÙÏݳï³Ù, áñùÇÝ.
Ý»É. blood ~ ³ñÛ³Ý ³Ý³Éǽ. eye ~ ï»ëá- ¿Ï½»Ù³:
ÕáõÃÛ³Ý ëïáõ·áõÙ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ and set instruc- text [tekst] n ï»ùëï. ÝÛáõÃ, ûٳ. authentic,
tion ë»Ù³ýáñÇÝ ³ñÅ»ù í»ñ³·ñ»Éáõ original/revised ~ μݳ·Çñ/í»ñ³Ý³Ûí³Í, í»-
Ññ³Ñ³Ý·. ~ program ÷áñÓ³ñÏÙ³Ý Íñ³- ñ³Ùß³Ïí³Í ï»ùëï the ~ of the speech ׳éÇ
·Çñ. ~ routine ï»ëï³ÛÇÝ Íñ³·Çñ. ~ run μݳ·ÇñÁ. ÑÙÏñ·. ~ wrapping ï»ùëïÇ ÷³-
Íñ³·ñÇ ³ÏïÇí³óáõÙ ÷áñÓ³ñÏÙ³Ý Ýå³- ûóíáñáõÙ:
ï³Ïáí: text-book [΄tekstbuk] n ¹³ë³·Çñù,
test [test] v ÷áñÓ³ñÏ»É, ëïáõ·Ù³Ý »Ýóñ- Ó»éݳñÏ:
Ï»É, ÷áñÓ»É Ï³ï³ñ»É. ~ a new drug Ýáñ text-hand [΄teksthænd] n Ëáßáñ ӻ鳷Çñ,
¹»Õ³ÙÇçáó ÷áñÓ³ñÏ»É. ~ smb’s knowledge/ ïå³ï³é:
eye sight ëïáõ·»É ·Çï»ÉÇùÝ»ñÁ/ï»ëáÕáõ- textile [΄tekstail] 1. n ·áñÍí³ÍùÝ»ñ, ï»ùë-
ÃÛáõÝÁ: ïÇÉ. 2. a ٳݳͳ·áñͳϳÝ, ·áñÍí³Íù³-
testament [΄testəmənt] n Ïï³Ï, Ïï³Ï³- ÛÇÝ:
·Çñ. ÏñáÝ. the T~ Îï³Ï³ñ³Ý the Old/the textual [΄tekst∫uəl] a ï»ùëï³ÛÇÝ, ï»ùëïÇÝ
New ~ ÐÇÝ/Üáñ Îï³Ï³ñ³Ý: í»ñ³μ»ñáÕ. a ~ error ï»ùëï³ÛÇÝ/μ³é³óÇ
testator [te΄steitə] n Çñ³í. Ïï³Ï³ñ³ñ: ë˳É. ~ criticism ï»ùëï³μ³ÝáõÃÛáõÝ,
testatrix [te΄steitriks] n Çñ³í. Ïï³Ï³ñ³- ï»ùëïáÉá·Ç³:
ñáõÑÇ: texture [΄tekst∫ə] n ·áñÍí³Íù. ·áñÍí³ÍùÇ
tester [΄testə] n ÷áñÓ³ñÏÇã, ÷áñÓ³ù³ñ: áñ³ÏÁ/ËïáõÃÛáõÝÁ. Ï»Ýë. ÑÛáõëí³Íù.
testify [΄testifai] v íϳۻÉ, íϳÛáõÃÛáõÝ ï³É. (μáõÛë, Ù³ßÏ) ϳéáõóí³ÍùÁ. coarse/fine ~
~ to/against íÏ³Û»É Ç û·áõï/¹»Ù. ~ facts ÏáåÇï/Ýáõñμ ·áñÍí³Íù:
÷³ëï»ñÁ ѳëï³ï»É. ~ to smn’s honesty than [ðæn, ðən] cnj ù³Ý. sooner ~ we expected
»ñ³ß˳íáñ»É ³½ÝíáõÃÛáõÝÁ. ~ against/on ëå³ë³ÍÇó ³í»ÉÇ ßáõï. Easier said ~ done
behalf of smb óáõóÙáõÝùÝ»ñ ï³É Áݹ¹»Ù/ ²í»ÉÇ Ñ»ßï ¿ ³ë»É, ù³Ý ³Ý»É. rather ~ ù³Ý
Ñû·áõï áñ¨¿ Ù»ÏÇ: û. blue rather ~ green ³í»ÉÇ ßáõï ϳåáõÛï
testily [΄testili] adv ¹Å·áÑáõÃÛ³Ùμ, ·ñ·éí³Í ù³Ý û ϳݳã. less ~ half Ï»ëÇó ùÇã. more ~
Ï»ñåáí: four ãáñëÇó ³í»ÉÇ. other ~ áõñÇß áãÇÝã ù³Ý.
testimonial [‚testi΄məuniəl] n íϳ۳ϳÝ, I couldn’t do other ~ agree ÆÝÓ ÙÝáõÙ ¿ñ ÙdzÛÝ
íϳ۳·Çñ. ѳÝÓݳñ³ñ³Ï³Ý. ~ letter ѳٳӳÛÝí»É. no sooner ~ áã ßáõï ù³Ý£
thank 834 then

thank [θæŋk] v ßÝáñѳϳÉáõÃÛáõÝ Ñ³ÛïÝ»É. ѳٳñ. 2. n ѳÉù, ѳÉÑÉáó, ÓÝѳÉù. ÷Ëμ.


I can’t ~ you enough â»Ù ϳñáÕ Ó»½ μ³í³- ëñï³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝ, ç»ñÙáõÃÛáõÝ:
ñ³ñ ã³÷áí ßÝáñѳϳÉáõÃÛáõÝ Ñ³ÛïÝ»É. ~ the [ði, ðə] áñáßÇã Ñá¹. ~ young »ñï³ë³ñ¹-
one’s lucky stars μ³Ëï³íáñ ³ëïÕÇÝ ßÝáñ- Ý»ñÁ. ~ rich ѳñáõëïÝ»ñÁ. ~ poor ³Õù³ï-
Ñ³Ï³É ÉÇÝ»É. You may ~ yourself ¸áõù ÇÝù- Ý»ñÁ. ~ possible Ñݳñ³íáñÁ. the + adv ~
Ý»ñ¹ »ù Ù»Õ³íáñ. ~s, very many ~s ß³ï/³Ý- sooner ~ better áñù³Ý ßáõï, ³ÛÝù³Ý ɳí. so
ã³÷ ßÝáñѳϳÉáõÃÛáõÝ: much ~ better ³í»ÉÇ É³í. all ~ easier ß³ï
thankful [΄θæŋkfl] a ßÝáñѳϳÉ, »ñ³Ëï³- ³í»ÉÇ Ñ»ßï. emph He’s ~ man for ~ job ²Û¹
å³ñï: ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ Ñ³Ù³ñ ݳ ³Ù»Ý³Ñ³ñÙ³ñ
thankless [΄θæŋkləs] a ³å»ñ³Ëï, »ñ³Ë- Ù³ñ¹Ý ¿. Green was ~ colour last year ²ÝóÛ³É
ï³Ùáé, ³ÝßÝáñѳϳÉ: ï³ñÇ Ï³Ý³ã ·áõÛÝÝ ¿ñ Ùá¹³. (ѳïáõÏ
thanks [΄θæŋks] n ßÝáñѳϳÉáõÃÛáõÝ. ex- ¹»åù»ñ) T~ relief! ƯÝã ûèáõÃÛáõÝ. T~
press one’s ~ Çñ ßÝáñѳϳÉáõÃÛáõÝÝ ³ñï³- cheek of it! ƯÝã ѳݹ·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ:
ѳÛï»É. many ~ ß³ï ßÝáñѳϳÉáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ theater [΄θiətə] n óïñáÝ. drama ~ ¹ñ³Ù³-
to ßÝáñÑÇí. ~ to you Ó»ñ ßÝáñÑÇí. ~ to your ïÇÏ³Ï³Ý Ã³ïñáÝ. opera and ballet ~ ûå»-
efforts ßÝáñÑÇí Ó»ñ ç³Ýù»ñÇ: ñ³ÛÇ ¨ μ³É»ïÇ Ã³ïñáÝ. puppet ~ ïÇÏÝÇϳ-
thanksgiving [΄θæŋks‚giviŋ] n ·áÑáõÃÛáõÝ, ÛÇÝ Ã³ïñáÝ. variety ~ ¿ëïñ³¹³ÛÇÝ Ã³ï-
ßÝáñѳϳÉáõÃÛáõÝ. ·áѳμ³Ý³Ï³Ý Ù³Õ- ñáÝ. amateur ~ ëÇñáÕ³Ï³Ý Ã³ïñáÝ. travel-
óÝù. T~ Day ³Ù. ¶áѳïáÝ. ¶áѳμ³Ý³- ling ~ ßñçÇÏ, Çñ ë»÷³Ï³Ý ß»ÝùÁ ãáõÝ»óáÕ
Ï³Ý Ù³ÕóÝùÇ ûñ: óïñáÝ. touring ~/company ßñç³·³ÛáÕ
thankworthy [΄θæŋk‚wə:ði] a ßÝáñѳϳ- óïñáÝ. lecture ~ Éë³ñ³Ý. operating ~ íÇñ³-
ÉáõÃÛ³Ý ³ñųÝÇ: μáõųñ³Ý. a ~ of war ÷Ëμ. 鳽ٳϳÝ
that [ðæt] prn, dem ³Û¹, ³ÛÝ. talk about this ·áñÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ Ã³ï»ñ³μ»Ù. good ~
and ~ ï³ñμ»ñ μ³Ý»ñÇ Ù³ëÇÝ Ëáë»É. T~‘s μ»Ù³Ï³Ý. μ»Ù³¹ñáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ ѳñÙ³ñ:
right ÖÇßï ¿. ~ is ³ÛëÇÝùÝ. all ~ ³Û¹ μáÉáñÁ. theatregoer [΄θiətəgəuə] n óï»ñ³ë»ñ.
and all ~ ¨ ÝÙ³Ý μ³Ý»ñ. ~ is how ³Ñ³ û óïñáÝ ëÇñáÕ ³ÝÓ:
ÇÝãå»ë. If it comes to ~ ºÃ» μ³ÝÁ ¹ñ³Ý theatrical [θi΄ætrikl] a óï»ñ³Ï³Ý, óï-
ѳëÝÇ.T~ will do ! ´³í³Ï³Ý ¿. ~‘s a good ñáÝÇ. ßÇÝÍáõ£
boy ! ²åñ»ë . ~‘s just it! ´³ÝÁ Ñ»Ýó ³Û¹ ¿: theatricalz [θi΄ætriklz] n óï»ñ³Ï³Ý
that [ðæt, ðət] prn, refl áñ, áñÁ. the book ~ I’m ·áñÍ. Ý»ñϳ۳óáõÙ (ëÇñáճϳÝ):
reading ·ÇñùÁ, áñ »ë ϳñ¹áõÙ »Ù. The climate theft [θeft] n ·áÕáõÃÛáõÝ:
here is like ~ of ...²Ûëï»ÕÇ ÏÉÇÙ³Ý ÝÙ³Ý ¿... their [ðeə] prn poss Ýñ³Ýó, Çñ»Ýó. ~ house
ÏÉÇÙ³ÛÇÝ£ Ýñ³Ýó ïáõÝÁ:
that [ðæt] adv ³Û¹ù³Ý, ³Û¹ã³÷, ³ÛÝù³Ý. ~ theirs [ðeəz] prn poss Ýñ³ÝóÁ, Çñ»ÝóÁ. The
much ³Û¹ã³÷ ß³ï. ~ high ³Û¹ù³Ý μ³ñÓ- book is ~ ²Ûë ·ÇñùÁ Ýñ³ÝóÝ ¿:
ñ³Ñ³ë³Ï. ~ rich ³Û¹ã³÷ ѳñáõëï£ them [ðem, ðəm] pron pers. Ýñ³Ýó. I saw ~
that [ðæt] cnj áñ, ³ÛÝ áñ. so ~ ³ÛÝå»ë áñ. in ºë Ýñ³Ýó ï»ë³. a message from ~
order ~áñå»ë½Ç. not ~ áã û. now ~ ³ÛÅÙ áõÕ»ñÓ/Ý³Ù³Ï Ýñ³ÝóÇó. It wasn’t ~ Üñ³Ýù
»ñμ. ~ I knew the truth »Ã» »ë ×ßÙ³ñïáõ- ã¿ÇÝ. of ~ Ýñ³Ýóáí. with ~ Ýñ³Ýó Ñ»ï:
ÃÛáõÝÝ ÇٳݳÛÇ. It seems ~ ... ÂíáõÙ ¿ª û..: thematic [θi΄mætik] a ûٳïÇÏ:
thatch [θæt∫]1. n ÍÕáï, »Õ»·Ý (ï³ÝÇùÇ theme [θi:m] n ûٳ, ÝÛáõà (ݳ¨ª »ñÅß.).
ѳٳñ).ÍÕáï»/»Õ»·ÝÛ³ ï³ÝÇù. 2. v ÍÕá- variations on a ~ ûٳ í³ñdzódzݻñáí:
ïáí/»Õ»·áí ͳÍÏ»É: themselves [ðəm΄selvz] prn refl (Çñ»Ýù)
thatched [θæt∫t] a ÍÕáï» a ~ roof ÍÕáï» Çñ»Ýó. They hurt ~ Üñ³Ýù Çñ»Ýó íݳë»óÇÝ.
ï³ÝÇù: emph They want to see for ~ Üñ³Ýù Çñ»Ýù »Ý
thaw [θɔ:]1. v (ݳ¨ª ~ out) ѳÉí»É. ѳɻÉ, áõ½áõÙ ï»Ý»É. They keep to ~ Üñ³Ýù ÷³Ï
ѳɻóÝ»É. ÷Ëμ. ï³ù³Ý³É, ç»ñٳݳÉ. It ÏÛ³Ýù »Ý í³ñáõÙ:
is ~ing гÉáó ¿, ÒÝÑ³É ¿. sit by the fire to ~ out then [ðen] adv ³ÛÝ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï. Ñ»ïá, ³å³.
Ýëï»É Ïñ³ÏÇ/μáõ˳ñÇÏÇ Ùáï ï³ù³Ý³Éáõ ³ÛÝáõÑ»ï¨. the ~ president ³ÛÝ Å³Ù³Ý³Ïí³
thence 835 thick-and-thin

åñ»½Ç¹»ÝïÁ. the ~ ruling party ³ÛÝ Å³Ù³- thereabout(s) [‚ðeərə΄baut(s)] adv Ùáï³-
Ý³Ï ÇßËáÕ Ïáõë³ÏóáõÃÛáõÝÁ. He was a doc- ϳÛùáõÙ, Ùáï»ñùáõÙ. Ùáï³íáñ³å»ë. 40
tor ~ ²ÛÝ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï Ý³ μÅÇßÏ ¿ñ. from ~ on, persons or ~ Ùáï³íáñ³å»ë 40 Ù³ñ¹. in Ox-
since ~ ³ÛÝ Å³Ù³Ý³Ïí³ÝÇó Ç í»ñ. until ~ ford or ~ úùëýáñ¹áõ٠ϳ٠Ýñ³ Ùáï»ñùáõÙ:
ÙÇÝ㨠³Û¹ ųٳݳÏ. now and ~ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï thereafter [ðeər΄a:ftə] adv ³ÛÝ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï-
³é ųٳݳÏ. there and ~ ³ÝÙÇç³å»ë, í³ÝÇó/¹ñ³ÝÇó Ñ»ïá£
ï»ÕÝáõï»ÕÁ. And what ~? ÆëÏ Ñ»ïá DZÝã. thereby [‚ðeə΄bai] adv ¹ñ³ ßÝáñÑÇí/ÙÇçá-
T~ he went home лïá ݳ ïáõÝ ·Ý³ó. óáí:
(½ÇçáõÙ) But ~ I‘m not an expert ºí μ³óÇ ³Û¹ therefore [΄ðeəfɔ:] adv áõëïÇ, ѻ勉μ³ñ:
»ë Ù³ëݳ·»ï ã»Ù. and ~ again ¨ μ³óÇ ¹ñ³- thereon, thereupon [‚ðeər΄ɒn, ‚ðeərə΄pɒn]
ÝÇó. (³Û¹ ¹»åùáõÙ) all right ~ ¹» ɳí. well ~ adv ³Û¹ å³ï׳éáí, ¹ñ³ ѻ勉Ýùáí:
¹»° ÇÝã. T~ why did you come? ²Û¹ ¹»åùáõÙ thermal [΄θə:ml] a ç»ñÙ³ÛÇÝ. ~ capacity ç»ñ-
ÇÝãá±õ »Ï³ñ: Ù³ï³ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. ~ springs ï³ù ³ÕμÛáõñ-
thence [ðens] adv ³ÛÝï»ÕÇó, ³Ûëï»ÕÇó. Ý»ñ:
ëñ³ÝÇó Ñ»ï¨áõÙ ¿, áñ: thermodynamics [‚θə:məudai΄næmiks] n
thenceforth [‚ðens΄fɔ:θ] adv ³ÛÝ Å³Ù³- ýǽ. ûñÙá¹ÇݳÙÇϳ, ç»ñÙáõųϳÝáõ-
ݳÏí³ÝÇó, ³ÛëáõÑ»ï¨, ³ÛÝáõÑ»ï¨: ÃÛáõÝ:
theologian [‚θi:ə΄ləudзiən] n ³ëïí³Í³- thermometer [θə΄mɒmitə] n ç»ñÙ³ã³÷:
μ³Ý: thermonuclear [‚θə:məu΄nju:kliə] a ç»ñ-
theological [‚θi:ə΄lɒdзikl] a ³ëïí³Í³μ³- Ù³ÙÇçáõϳÛÇÝ:
ݳϳÝ: thermos [΄θə:məs] n ûñÙáë:
theology [θi΄ɒlədзi] n ³ëïí³Í³μ³Ýáõ- thermostatically [΄θə:məustætikli] adv
ÃÛáõÝ: ûñÙáëï³ïÇÏáñ»Ý. ~ controlled ûñÙá-
theorem [΄θiərəm] n ûáñ»Ù: ëï³ïÇÏáñ»Ý ÑëÏíáÕ/ջϳí³ñíáÕ£
theoretic(al) [‚θiə΄retik(l)] a ï»ë³Ï³Ý, ï»- thesaurus [θi΄sɔ:rəs] n Ù»Í μ³ó³ïñ³Ï³Ý
ë³μ³Ý³Ï³Ý. í»ñ³ó³Ï³Ý. ~ research/train- μ³é³ñ³Ý. ·³ÝÓ³ñ³Ý (·ÇïáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ³ÛÉÝ):
ing ï»ë³Ï³Ý áõëáõÙݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ/¹³ëÁÝ- thesis [΄θi:sis] n û½Çë, ¹ñáõÛÃ. û½, ¹Çë»ñ-
óó, áõëáõóáõÙ: ï³ódz:
theory [΄θiəri] n ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝ, ûáñdz. in ~ they [ðei] prn pers Ýñ³Ýù. T~ say ²ëáõÙ »Ý. ~
ï»ë³Ï³Ýáñ»Ý. my ~ is that Áëï/ѳٳӳÛÝ who Ýñ³Ýù, áíù»ñ:
ÇÙ ï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý. mere/pure ~ ëáëÏ/½áõï ï»- thick [θik] a ѳëï, ëïí³ñ. ~ paper ëïí³ñ
ëáõÃÛáõÝ. genetic theories ͳ·áõÙݳμ³- ÃáõÕÃ. ~ slice of bread ѳóÇ Ñ³ëï ß»ñï/
Ý³Ï³Ý ï»ëáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ: Ïïáñ. ~ glass ѳëï ³å³ÏÇ. ~ neck ѳëï
therapeutic(al) [‚θerə΄pju:tik(l)] a û- íǽ. ~ door ͳÝñ ¹áõé. (óÝÓñ, ÑáÍ, óí) ~
forest ËÇï ³Ýï³é. ~ soup óÝÓñ ëáõå. ~
ñ³å¨ïÇÏ:
hair ËÇï Ù³½»ñ. ~ voice Ëéåáï Ó³ÛÝ. ~
therapy [΄θerəpi] n ûñ³ådz. μáõÅáõÙ.
with dust ÷áßáõ ѳëï ß»ñïáí å³ïí³Í. ~
physical ~ ýǽÇáûñ³å¨ïÇÏ μáõÅáõÙ:
smoke óÝÓñ ÍáõË. a ~ French accent áõÅ»Õ
there [ðeə] adv ³ÛÝï»Õ. He is ~ ܳ ³ÛÝï»Õ
ýñ³ÝëÇ³Ï³Ý ³éá·³ÝáõÃÛ³Ùμ. pretty ~
¿. Put the box ~ îáõ÷Ý ³ÛÝï»Õ ¹Çñ. ~ and
÷Ëμ. μ³í³Ï³Ý μóÙÇï. be very ~ ÷Ëμ.
back ¹»åÇ ³ÛÝï»Õ ¨ Ñ»ï. So ~ you are ! ²Ñ³
³Ýμ³Å³Ý/Ùï»ñÇÙ ÁÝÏ»ñÝ»ñ ÉÇÝ»É. That’s a
û áñï»Õ »ù ¹áõù. here, ~ and everywhere
bit ~ ÷Ëμ. ¸³ ³ñ¹»Ý ã³÷³½³Ýó ¿:
³Ûëï»Õ, ³ÛÝï»Õ ¨ ³Ù»Ýáõñ»ù. up to ~
thick [θik] adv ë»ñïáñ»Ý. ËÇï/ÑáÍ/óÝÓñ
ÙÇÝ㨠³ÛÝï»Õ. near ~ Ùáï³Ï³ÛùáõÙ. (³Ñ³)
Ï»ñåáí. ³Ýå³ñ½. Events followed ~ and fast
T~ is the bus ²Ñ³ ¨ ³íïáμáõëÁ. T~ you are
Æñ³¹³ñÓáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÝ ³ñ³·áñ»Ý ½³ñ·³-
²Ñ³ ¨ ¹áõù. T~ you are wrong ²Ûëï»Õ ¹áõ
ÝáõÙ ¿ÇÝ. lay it on ~ ·áõÛÝ»ñÁ Ëï³óÝ»É. cut
ë˳ÉíáõÙ »ë. ~ is/are ϳ, ϳÝ: the bread ~ ѳóÁ ѳëï (ß»ñïáí) Ïïñ»É:
there [ðeə] int ³å³°, ¹»°Ñ. T~ -~ don’t cry ¸», thick-and-thin [΄θikən΄θin] a ³ÝÓÝí»ñ,
¹», ɳó ÙÇ ÉÇÝÇ. T~ is a good fellow ²°Û ÝíÇñí³Í, ϳÛáõÝ. through ~ ³é³Ýó ï³-
³åñ»ë, Ï»óó»°ë: ï³Ýí»Éáõ, ѳëï³ï³Ï³Ùáñ»Ý£
thicken 836 third

thicken [΄θikən] v óÝÓñ³Ý³É, óÝÓñ³ó- ÙÇ μ³Ý ÇٳݳÉ. see ~s ³ãùÇÝ »ñ¨³É, ½³-
Ý»É. Ëï³Ý³É, Ëï³óÝ»É. ëïí³ñ³Ý³É, ÑáÍ é³Ýó»É. little ~ Ù³ÝÏÇÏ. old ~ ³Õ³íÝÛ³Ï,
¹³éݳÉ. The fog is ~ing سé³ËáõÕÁ Ñá·Û³Ï. poor ~ Ë»Õ× Ù³ñ¹. dumb ~ ³Ýμ³Ý/
óÝÓñ³ÝáõÙ ¿£ ³ÝÉ»½áõ ³Ý³ëáõÝ. among other ~s Ç ÃÇíë
thicket [΄θikit] n óíáõï, Ù³ó³éáõï, ³ÛÉáó. above all ~s Ý³Ë ¨ ³é³ç. a strange ~
Ã÷áõï: ï³ñûñÇÝ³Ï μ³Ý (·áñÍ, å³ñ³·³) his best
thickhead [΄θikhed] n ѳëï³·ÉáõË/μó- ~s É³í³·áõÛÝ ·áñÍ»ñÁ. the tea ~s ûÛÇ å³-
ÙÇï Ù³ñ¹: ñ³·³Ý»ñÁ. painting/swimming ~s Ýϳñ»Éáõ/
thickness [΄θiknəs] n ѳëïáõÃÛáõÝ, Ëïáõ- ÉáÕ³Éáõ å³ñ³·³Ý»ñÁ. How are ~s? ÆÝã-
ÃÛáõÝ, óÝÓñáõÃÛáõÝ. ˳í, ß»ñï. one metre å»±ë »Ý ·áñÍ»ñÁ. That’s how ~s are ²Ñ³ ³Ûë-
in ~ Ù»Ï Ù»ïñ ѳëïáõÃÛ³Ùμ. 3 ~es of mate- åÇëÇÝ »Ý ·áñÍ»ñÁ. as ~s stand Çñ»ñÇ Ý»ñ-
rial ÏïáñÇ 3 ß»ñï: ϳÛÇë íÇ׳ÏáõÙ. all ~s considered ѳßíÇ
³éÝ»Éáí ³Ù»Ý ÇÝã. No such ~ ! àã ÙÇ ÝÙ³Ý
thick-set [‚θik΄set] a ÃÇÏݳí»ï, ³Ùñ³-
μ³Ý. the only ~ ÙÇ³Ï μ³ÝÁ. for one ~ and for
ϳ½Ù. ËÇï ïÝϳÍ:
another ~ ݳË.... »ñÏñáñ¹:
thick-skinned [‚θik΄skind] a ѳëï³Ï³ßÇ,
ѳëï³Ù³ßÏ. ÷Ëμ. ³Ý½·³, ³Ý½·³ÛáõÝ:
think [θiŋk] v Ùï³Í»É, ËáñÑ»É. Ïßé³¹³ï»É.
~ hard/aloud/to oneself ɳñí³Í/μ³ñÓñ³-
thick-witted [‚θik΄witid] a μóÙÇï, ÑÇÙ³ñ: Ó³ÛÝ/ÇÝùÝÇñ»Ý Ùï³Í»É. I ~ so γñÍáõÙ »Ùª
thief [θi:f] n ·áÕ. catch/arrest a ~ ·áÕÇÝ μéÝ»É, ³Ûá. ~ twice ɳí Ùï³Í»É. ~ little of Ù»Í Ï³ñ-
Ó»ñμ³Ï³É»É. Stop ~ ! ´éÝ»ù ·áÕÇÝ:
ÍÇù ãáõݻݳÉ. ~ much/well of/highly Ù»Í Ï³ñ-
thievish [΄θi:vi∫] a ·áÕ³μ³ñá, ³Ý³½ÝÇí, ÍÇùÇ ÉÇÝ»É. (Ùï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ áõݻݳÉ) ~ no
˳ñ¹³Ë:
harm í³ï Ùï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ ãáõݻݳÉ.
thigh [θai] n ³½¹ñ, ½Çëï: (å³ïÏ»ñ³óÝ»É) I can’t ~ where ... â»Ù ϳ-
thigh-bone [΄θaibəun] n áÉáùáëÏñ: ñáÕ å³ïÏ»ñ³óÝ»É áñï»Õ... T~ just ~ ! T~ of
thimble [΄θimbl] n Ù³ïÝáó, ͳÛñ³å³Ý³Ï: it! ØdzÛÝ å³ïÏ»ñ³óñ»ù. Let him ~ for him-
thimbleful [΄θimbful] n ÙÇ Ù³ïÝáó. ÙÇ self ÂáÕ ÇÝùÁ ËáñÑÇ ³Û¹ Ù³ëÇÝ. One has to
÷áùñÇÏ ÏáõÙ£ ~ гñϳíáñ ¿ ËáñÑ»É/Ïßé³¹³ï»É. We’ll ~
thin [θin] a μ³ñ³Ï, ÝÇѳñ, íïÇï, Ýí³½. a ~ of something ØÇ μ³Ý ÏÑݳñ»Ýù. What will he
layer/sheet/slice/wall μ³ñ³Ï ß»ñï/ÃáõÕÃ/ ~ of next? ¾É DZÝã ÏÑݳñÇ. (ÑÇß»É) I can’t ~ of
Ïïáñ/å³ï. a ~ face ÝÇѳñ ¹»Ùù. ~ paper/ her name â»Ù ϳñáÕ Ýñ³ ³ÝáõÝÁ ÑÇß»É. I’ll ~
wire μ³ñ³Ï ÃáõÕÃ/ɳñ. grow ~ ÝÇѳñ»É, of it in a minute ÐÇÙ³ ÏÑÇß»Ù. ~ out ËáñÑ»É,
μ³ñ³Ï»É. ~ man/child ÝÇѳñ Ù³ñ¹/»ñ»Ë³. Ïßé³¹³ï»É. ~ over ËáñÑñ¹³Í»É. ~ up Ñݳ-
~ as a lath ï³ß»ÕÇ å»ë ÝÇѳñ. (çñ³ÉÇ, ñ»É. ~ up an excuse å³ïñí³Ï Ñݳñ»É:
çñÇÏ) ~ soup çñÇÏ ³åáõñ/ ëáõå. ~ hair Ýáëñ thinkable [΄θiŋkəbl] a »ñ¨³Ï³Û»ÉÇ. ϳñ»ÉÇ,
Ù³½»ñ. (ùÇã, áã ß³ï) The audience is ~ Ñݳñ³íáñ:
àõÝÏݹÇñÝ»ñÁ ë³Ï³í³ÃÇí »Ý. a ~ plot thinker [΄θiŋkə] n Ùï³ÍáÕ:
³Õù³ïÇÏ ëÛáõÅ»ï. Doctors are ~ here thinking [΄θiŋkiŋ] n ËáñÑñ¹³ÍáõÙ, Ùïá-
´ÅÇßÏÝ»ñÁ ÷áùñ³ÃÇí »Ý ³Ûëï»Õ. That is ñáõÙ. ~ pattern Ùï³ÍáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Ï³Õ³å³ñÁ.
too ~ ¸³ ËÇëï ³ÝѳÙá½Çã ¿. ~ forest Ýáëñ to my way of ~ Ç٠ϳñÍÇùáí. wishful ~ ó³Ý-
³Ýï³é. ~ mist Ýáëñ Ù³é³ËáõÕ: ϳÉÇÝ Çñ³Ï³ÝÇ ï»Õ ÁݹáõÝ»É:
thin [θin] v μ³ñ³Ï»É, ÝÇѳñ»É. μ³ñ³- thinly [΄θinli] adv μ³ñ³Ï, Ýáëñ. ~ spread μ³-
Ï»óÝ»É, Ýáëñ³óÝ»É. ~ out Ýáëñ³óÝ»É, Ýáë- ñ³Ï ß»ñï ùë³Í. ~ populated ë³Ï³í μݳ-
ñ³Ý³É: Ï»óí³Í. ~ disguised Ýñμáñ»Ý ùáÕ³ñÏí³Í:
thin-faced [΄θinfeist] a Ýáõñμ ¹ÇÙ³·Í»ñáí: thin-skinned [‚θin΄skind] a Ýñμ³Ù³ßÏ,
thing [θiŋ] n Çñ, ³é³ñϳ, μ³Ý. old/rare/use- Ýñμ³Ï³ßÇ. ÷Ëμ. ¹Ûáõñ³½·³ó, ßáõï íÇñ³-
ful ~ ÑÇÝ/ѳ½í³·Ûáõï/û·ï³Ï³ñ Çñ. sweet íáñíáÕ:
~s ù³Õóñ³í»ÝÇù. the/the right/quite the ~ third [θə:d]1. n »ññáñ¹ Ù³ë, ÙÇ »ññáñ¹Á.
Ñ»Ýó ³ÛÝ, ÇÝã áñ å»ïù ¿. a ~ of beauty ·»Õ»- num »ññáñ¹. 2. a »ññáñ¹. ~ party »ññáñ¹
óÇÏ μ³Ý/³é³ñϳ. not quite the ~ ³ÛÝ ã¿. the ÏáÕÙÁ. the ~ person »ññáñ¹ ¹»ÙùÁ. the ~
last ~ í»ñçÇÝ ËáëùÁ. know a ~ or two ÇÝã-áñ largest Çñ Ù»ÍáõÃÛ³Ùμ »ññáñ¹Á:
thirdly 837 thousandth

thirdly [΄θə:dli] adv »ññáñ¹. He came ~ Ùñ½. Ù³Ýñ³½ÝÇÝ. ÑÇÙݳíáñ³å»ë, ϳï³ñ»É³-


ܳ »ññáñ¹ ï»ÕÁ ·ñ³í»ó: å»ë. Prepare the speech ~ Ö³éÁ ѳݷ³Ù³-
third rate [‚θə:d΄reit] a »ññáñ¹ ϳñ·Ç/ï»- Ýáñ»Ý å³ïñ³ëï»É:
ë³ÏÇ: thoroughness [΄θΛrənəs] n ÑÇÙݳíáñ-
thirst [θə:st] n ͳñ³í, å³å³Ï. ~ for knowl- í³ÍáõÃÛáõÝ£
edge ÷Ëμ. ·Çï»ÉÇùÇ Í³ñ³í: though [ðəu] 1. cnj û¨, ûå»ï. ãݳ۳Í. as
thirsty [΄θə:sti] a ͳñ³í, ãáñ³ó³Í, ó³Ù³- ~ ϳñÍ»ë û, ³ë»ë. Strange ~ it may seem
ù³Í. be ~ ͳñ³í ÉÇÝ»É: áñù³Ý ¿É ï³ñûñÇÝ³Ï Ãí³. 2. adv It’s not
thirteen [‚θə:΄ti:n] num ï³ëÝ»ñ»ù: easy ~ ê³Ï³ÛÝ ¹³ Ñ»ßï ã¿. He’s a good
thirteenth [‚θə:΄ti:nθ] num ï³ëÝ»ñ»ù»- worker ~ ²ÛÝáõ³Ù»Ý³ÛÝÇí ݳ É³í ³ß˳-
ñáñ¹: ïáÕ ¿. even ~ »Ã» ÝáõÛÝÇëÏ:
thirtieth [΄θə:tiəθ] num »ñ»ëáõÝ»ñáñ¹: thought [θɔ:t] n ÙÇïù, Ùï³ÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. Ëáñ-
thirty [΄θə:ti] num »ñ»ëáõÝ. the thirties »ñ»- ÑáõÙ, ËáñÑñ¹³ÍáõÙ. collect one’s ~s Ùïù»ñÁ
ëáõÝ³Ï³Ý Ãí³Ï³ÝÝ»ñÁ: ѳí³ù»É, Ï»ÝïñáݳݳÉ. take ~ Ùïù»ñÇ Ù»ç
this [ðis]1. prn, dem ë³, ¹³. 2. a ³Ûë, ³Û¹. ~ ÁÝÏÝ»É. food for ~ Ùï³ÍÙáõÝùÇ ÝÛáõÃ. scien-
much ³Ûëù³Ý, like ~ ³Ûëå»ë, ³Ûë Ó¨áí. ~ tific ~ ·Çï³Ï³Ý ÙÇïù. abstract ~ í»ñ³ó³-
time ³Ûë ³Ý·³Ù. ~ way and that ³Ûë ¨ ³ÛÉ Ï³Ý Ùï³ÍáÕáõÃÛáõÝ. train of ~ Ùïù»ñÇ ÁÝ-
Ó¨áí. T~ is how ²Ñ³ û ÇÝãå»ë: óóù. take no ~ ãÙï³Í»É, áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ
this [ðis] adv ~ far, as far as ~ ³Û¹ù³Ý Ñ»éáõ. ã¹³ñÓÝ»É. lost in ~ Ùïù»ñáí ï³ñí³Í. on
T~ much is certain ØÇ μ³Ý å³ñ½ ¿: second ~s ɳí Ùï³Í»Éáõó Ñ»ïá. (ÙÇïù) bril-
thistle [΄θisl] n μëμ. ³Õï³÷áõß, ï³ï³ëϳ- liant/idle/original ~ ÷³ÛÉáõÝ/¹³ï³ñÏ, ³Ýμá-
÷áõß: í³Ý¹³Ï/ûñÇ·ÇÝ³É ÙÇïù. inner ~ ÝíÇñ³-
thistly [΄θisli] a ï³ï³ëÏáï. ÷ßáï, ÷ß³- ϳÝ, ·³ÕïÝÇ ÙÇïù. That’s a ~ ²°Û ¹³ ÙÇïù
íáñ: ¿. at the very ~ of it ÙdzÛÝ ÙÇïùÝ ³Û¹ Ù³ëÇÝ.
thither [΄ðiðə] adv ³ÛÝï»Õ, ³ÛÝ ÏáÕÙ. hither Perish the ~ ²ëïí³Í ÙÇ° ³ñ³ëó»:
and ~ ³Ûë ϳ٠³ÛÝ ÏáÕÙ: thoughtful [΄θɔ:tfl] a Ùï³ÍÏáï, ËáÑáõÝ,
thong [θɒŋ] n ϳ߻÷áÏ, ÷áÏ. Ùïñ³Ï: Ùï³½μ³Õ. Ùï³ÍáÕ. a ~ look ËáÑáõÝ Ñ³-
thorax [΄θɔ:ræks] n ϽÙË. ÏñÍù³í³Ý¹³Ï: Û³óù. a ~ piece of work Éáõñç ³ß˳ï³Ýù. ~
thorn [θɔ:n] n ÷áõß. sit on ~s ÷ßÇ íñ³ towards others áõß³¹Çñ áõñÇßÝ»ñÇ Ýϳï-
Ýëï³Í ÉÇÝ»É. a ~ in the flesh ÷Ëμ. ³Ý³- Ù³Ùμ. become ~ Ùï³ÍÙáõÝùÇ Ù»ç ÁÝÏÝ»É,
ËáñÅáõÃÛ³Ý ëϽμݳå³ï׳é: Ùï³ëáõ½í»É:
thorny [΄θɔ:ni] a ÷ßáï, ͳÏáÕ, ï³ï³ë- thoughtfullness [΄θɔ:tflnəs] n Ñá·³ï³ñáõ-
Ïáï. ÷Ëμ. Ýáõñμ. Ýñμ³ÝϳïáõÃÛáõÝ å³- ÃÛáõÝ, áõß³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ:
h³ÝçáÕ. a ~ problem Ýáõñμ ËݹÇñ/ûٳ: thoughtless [΄θɔ:tləs] a ³ÝÑá·, ³Ý÷áõÛÃ.
thorough [΄θΛrə] a ÑÇÙݳíáñ, ϳï³ñÛ³É. ãÙï³Íí³Í. It was ~ of you ¸³ ³ÝѻûÃáõ-
Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ, Ù³Ýñ³½ÝÇÝ. a ~ analysis Ù³Ý-
ÃÛáõÝ ¿ñ/âÙï³Íí³Í ù³ÛÉ ¿ñ ùá ÏáÕÙÇó:
ñ³Ù³ëÝ ³Ý³Éǽ/í»ñÉáõÍáõÃÛáõÝ. a ~ inves-
thought-reading [΄θɔ:t‚ri:diŋ] n áõñÇßÇ
tigation ÑÇÙݳíáñ ѻﳽáïáõÃÛáõÝ. He’s a
Ùïù»ñ ϳñ¹³ÉÁ:
~ villain ËëÏó. ܳ ϳï³ñÛ³É ëñÇϳ ¿:
thorough-bred [΄θΛrəbred] 1. n ½ï³ñ- thousand [΄θauznd] num, n ѳ½³ñ. ÷Ëμ.
Ù»Í ù³Ý³ÏáõÃÛ³Ùμ. more/less than a ~
ÛáõÝ/³½Ýí³ó»Õ ϻݹ³ÝÇ. ËëÏó. μ³ñ»-
ѳ½³ñÇó ³í»É/å³Ï³ë. one in a ~ ѳ-
ÏÇñà ٳñ¹. 2. a ½ï³ñÛáõÝ, ³½Ýí³ó»Õ.
½³ñÇó Ù»ÏÁ, ß³ï ѳ½í³¹»å. a ~ times
ËëÏó. μ³ñ»ÏÇñÃ, É³í ¹³ëïdzñ³Ïí³Í:
ѳ½³ñ ³Ý·³Ù. a ~ and one (cares) ѳ½³ñ
thoroughfare [΄θΛrəfeə] n ɳÛÝ ÷áÕáó/׳-
áõ ÙÇ (Ñá·ë). a ~ thanks/apologies ѳ½³ñ áõ
ݳå³ñÑ.ù³Õ³ùÇ ·É˳íáñ Ù³ÛñáõÕÇÝ. “No
ÙÇ ßÝáñѳϳÉáõÃÛáõÝ/Ý»ñáÕáõÃÛáõÝ:
~” àõÕ³ÝóáõÙÝ ³ñ·»ÉíáõÙ ¿, ²ÝóáõÙ ãϳ:
thorough-going [‚θΛrə΄gəuiŋ] a ËáãÁÝ- thousandfold [΄θauzndfəuld] a ѳ½³ñ
³Ý·³Ù ³í»ÉÇ Ù»Í, ѳ½³ñ³å³ïÇÏ:
¹áïÝ»ñ ѳÕóѳñáÕ. ³ñ·»ÉùÇ ³é³ç
ϳݷ ã³éÝáÕ:
thousandth [΄θauznθ] n ѳ½³ñ»ñáñ¹,
ѳ½³ñ»ñáñ¹³Ï³Ý:
thoroughly [΄θΛrəli] adv Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝ,
thrall 838 throat

thrall [θrɔ:l] n ëïñáõÏ, ëïñÏáõÃÛáõÝ: three-decker [‚θri:΄dekə] n »é³ï³Ëï³-


thrash [θræ∫] v ͻͻÉ, Í»Í ï³É, ùáóϻÉ. Ï³Ù³Í Ý³í:
ϳÉë»É. ~ out ÷Ëμ. ùÝݳñÏ»É, å³ñ½»É. ~ three-dimensional [‚θri:dai΄men∫nəl] a
out the problem Ù³Ýñ³Ù³ëÝáñ»Ý ùÝݳñÏ»É »é³ã³÷:
ѳñóÁ. ~ about ùÝÇ Ù»ç ³ÝѳݷÇëï ßáõé threefold [΄θri:fəuld] 1. a »é³å³ïÇÏ. »é³-
áõ Ùáõé ·³É: ÏÇ. 2. adv »ñ»ù ³Ý·³Ù ³í»ÉÇ. »é³å³ïÇÏ
thrasher [΄θræ∫ə] n ϳÉëÇã (Ù»ù»Ý³): ³í»ÉÇ:
thrashing [΄θræ∫iŋ] n ϳÉëáõÙ: three-legged [‚θri:΄legid] a »ñ»ùáï³ÝÇ.
thread [θred] n ûÉ. ÷Ëμ. ß³ñ³Ý, ϳå. cot- »éáï³ÝÇ:
ton/silk/woollen ~ μ³Ùμ³Ï»/Ù»ï³ùë»/μñ¹Û³ three-master [‚θri:΄ma:stə] n »é³Ï³ÛÙ
ûÉ. hang by a ~ Ù³½Çó ϳËí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. ~ of ݳí:
the conversation Ëáë³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý Ã»ÉÁ. pick up threepence [΄θrepəns] n »ñ»ù å»Ýë, »ñ»ù
the ~ of the story í»ñëÏë»É å³ïÙáõÃÛáõÝÁ. å»Ýë³Ýáó ¹ñ³Ù:
spool of ~ ÙÇ Ïá× Ã»É: threepenny [΄θrepəni] a »ñ»ù å»Ýë³Ýáó,
thread [θred] v ûɻÉ, ûÉÇ íñ³ ß³ñ»É. ·ñáß³Ýáó. ÷Ëμ. ß³ï ¿Å³Ý³·ÇÝ, í³ïá-
¹Åí³ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ ³é³ç ·Ý³É. ~ a needle ñ³Ï:
³ë»ÕÁ ûɻÉ. ~ beads ÑáõÉáõÝùÁ ûÉÇ íñ³ three-ply [‚θri:΄plai] a »é³ß»ñï, »é³ß»ñï
ß³ñ»É. The car ~ed its way ÷Ëμ. Ø»ù»Ý³Ý ý³Ý»ñ³:
¹Åí³ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ ¿ñ ³é³ç ·ÝáõÙ: three-quarter [‚θri:΄kwɔ:tə] a »ñ»ù
threadbare [΄θredbeə] a Ù³ßí³Í, ÑݳÙáÉ. ù³éáñ¹³Ýáó, »ñ»ù ù³éáñ¹:
ËÕ×áõÏ Ñ³·Ýí³Í, óÝóáïdzå³ï. a ~ car- threescore [‚θri:΄skɔ:] n í³ÃëáõÝ. ~ and ten
pet Ù³ßí³Í ·áñ·: ÛáóݳëáõÝ:
threadlike [΄θredlaik] a ûɳÝÙ³Ý, ûɳ- threshold [΄θre∫həuld] n ß»Ùù. ÷Ëμ. ݳ˳-
ß³ï: ·³íÇÃ. on the ~ of ݳËûñÛ³ÏÇÝ. cross the ~
thready [΄θredi] a ûɳÝÙ³Ý. Ù³Ýñ³Ã»É³- ß»ÙùÝ ³ÝóÝ»É, áïùÁ ß»ÙùÇó ¹áõñë/Ý»ñë
íáñ. ûɳ߳ï: ¹Ý»É:
threat [θret] n ëå³éݳÉÇù. íï³Ý·. a ~ of thrice [θrais] adv »ñ»ù ³Ý·³Ù, »ñÇóë:
war/to civilization å³ï»ñ³½ÙÇ ëå³éݳÉÇù, thrift [θrift] n ËݳÛáÕáõÃÛáõÝ, ïÝï»ëáõÙ:
íï³Ý· ù³Õ³ù³ÏñÃáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ³Ù³ñ. under thriftless [΄θriftləs] a ßé³ÛÉ, í³ïÝáÕ,
~ of íï³Ý·Ç ï³Ï. utter ~s ëå³éݳÉ. under ãïÝï»ëáÕ:
the ~ of å³ïÅÇ ëå³éݳÉÇùÇ Ý»ñùá: thrifty [΄θrifti] a ïÝï»ëáÕ, ËݳÛáÕ:
threaten [΄θretn] v ëå³éݳÉ. íï³Ý· thrill [θril] n ¹áÕ, ë³ñëáõé. Ëáñ Ñáõ½ÙáõÝù.
ëå³éݳÉ, í³Ë»óÝ»É. ~ with a knife ¹³- feel a ~ Ñáõ½ÙáõÝù ³åñ»É. with a ~ of expec-
ݳÏáí ëå³éݳÉ. Danger ~ed ìï³Ý· ¿ñ tation ëñï³ïñá÷/ëñï³ÑáõÛ½ ëå³ëáõÙ:
ëå³éÝáõÙ. The roof is ~ing to fall Îïáõñ thrill [θril] v ¹áÕ/Ñáõ½ÙáõÝù ³é³ç³ó-
ù³Ý¹í»Éáõ/ÁÝÏÝ»Éáõ íï³Ý· ϳ. It is ~ing to Ý»É/½·³É. ~ with joy áõñ³ËáõÃÛáõÝÇó
rain ºñ¨áõÙ ¿ ³ÝÓñ¨ ¿ ·³Éáõ: Ññ×í»É. be ~ed to get the message áõÕ»ñÓÁ
threatening [΄θretniŋ] a ëå³éݳÉÇó, ëï³Ý³Éáõó Ñáõ½í»É:
ëå³éݳϳÝ. a ~ gesture/letter ëå³éÝ³Ï³Ý thriller [΄θrilə] n ³ñϳͳËݹñ³ÛÇÝ/¹»¹»Ï-
ß³ñÅáõÙ/ݳٳÏ: ïÇí ýÇÉÙ. ½·³Û³óáõÝó ·Çñù/ýÇÉÙ:
threatful [΄θretfl] a ³Ñ»Õ, ³Ñ³ñÏáõ. ëå³é- thrilling [΄θriliŋ] a óÝóáÕ, Ñáõ½Çã, ½·³Û³-
ݳÉÇó, ëå³éݳϳÝ: óáõÝó. a ~ film ÏɳÝáÕ/Ññ³åáõñÇã ýÇÉÙ. ~
three [θri:]1. num »ñ»ù. 2. n »éÛ³Ï. in ~s news ËëÏó. óÝóáÕ ÝáñáõÃÛáõÝ:
»ñ»ù-»ñ»ù, »éÛ³ÏÝ»ñáí. ÃÕÃË. »ñ»ù³Ýáó. thrive [θraiv] v ͳÕÏ»É, μ³ñ·³í³×»É.
ÑÙÏñ·. three+1 address instruction ãáñëѳë- ѳñëï³Ý³É. ÷ÃûÉ. The business is ~ing
ó»³ÝÇ (»ñ»ù+ Ù»Ï Ñ³ëó»³ÝÇ) Ññ³Ñ³Ý·: Ò»éݳñÏáõÃÛáõÝÁ ͳÕÏáõÙ ¿. ~ on hard work
three-cornered [‚θri:΄kɔ:nəd] a »é³ÝÏÛáõÝ. ͳÝñ ³ß˳ï³ÝùÁ ѳÕóѳñ»É:
÷Ëμ. ³Ý×áéÝÇ, ³Ýѳٳã³÷: throat [θrəut] n ÏáÏáñ¹. a sore/inflamed ~
three day [΄θri:dei] a »éûñÛ³: μáñμáùí³Í/ÑÇí³Ý¹ ÏáÏáñ¹. a lump in the ~
throaty 839 throw

·áõݹ/Ïáßï ÏáÏáñ¹áõÙ. clear one’s ~ ÏáÏáñ- ~ with í»ñç³óÝ»É, ³í³ñï»É. I couldn’t get ~
¹Á Ù³ùñ»É. cut one’s own ~ Çñ»Ý ÏáñͳݻÉ. to him âϳñáÕ³ó³ Ýñ³ Ñ»ï (Ñ»é³Ëáëáí)
cut another’s ~ Ù»ÏÇÝ ÏáñͳݻÉ. take/seize ϳåí»É. Aren’t you ~ yet? ¸»é ã»±ë ³í³ñ-
smb by the ~ ÏáÏáñ¹Çó μéÝ»É: ï»É. I’m ~ with her γå»ñë Ýñ³ Ñ»ï ˽»É
throaty [΄θrəuti] a ÏáÏáñ¹Ç, ÏáÏáñ¹³ÛÇÝ: »Ù. ~ and ~ ³ÙμáÕçáíÇÝ, ÉÇáíÇÝ. The tree is
throb [θrɒb] n μ³μ³ËáõÙ, ïñá÷áõÙ. ÷Ëμ. rotten ~ and ~ ̳éÝ ³ÙμáÕçáíÇÝ ÷ï³Í ¿:
Ñáõ½ÙáõÝù, ¹áÕ: through [θru:] a áõÕÇÕ, ³ÝÙÇç³Ï³Ý. a ~
throb [θrɒb] v áõÅ»Õ μ³μ³Ë»É, ½³ñÏ»É. train/ticket áõÕÇÕ ·Ý³óù/ïáÙë. (ÙÇç³Ýó³-
÷Ëμ. Ý»ñùÇÝ ¹áÕ ½·³É. ¹áÕ³É, Ñáõ½í»É. ϳÝ) no ~ road ÙÇç³Ýó³Ï³Ý »ñè»ÏáõÃÛáõÝ
My head/arm/heart is ~bing øáõÝù»ñë ½³ñ- ãϳ. a ~ draught ÙÇç³ÝóÇÏ ù³ÙÇ:
ÏáõÙ »Ý. ¨ë ó³íáõÙ ¿. êÇñïë μ³μ³ËáõÙ throughout [θru΄aut]1. prep ÙÇçáí, ͳÛñ»
¿. a ~bing pain ïñá÷áÕ ó³í: ͳÛñ. ~ the world ³ÙμáÕç ³ß˳ñÑáõÙ. ~ the
throes [θrauz] n áõÅ»Õ ó³í, ï³é³å³Ýù. year ³ÙμáÕç ï³ñÇÝ, ³ÙμáÕç ï³ñí³ ÁÝ-
»ñÏáõÝù, Ñá·»í³ñù. in the ~ of (ëï»Õͳ- óóùáõÙ. ~ the country ³ÙμáÕç »ñÏñáí. 2.
·áñͳϳÝ) »ñÏáõÝùÇ Ù»ç. in the ~ of exams adv ³ÙμáÕçáíÇÝ, ³ÙμáÕç ųٳݳÏ. ~ all
÷Ëμ. ùÝÝáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇÝ å³ïñ³ëïí»Éáõ his life Çñ ³ÙμáÕç ÏÛ³ÝùÇ ÁÝóóùáõÙ. ~ the
ï³é³å³ÝùÇ Ù»ç: whole winter ³ÙμáÕç ÓÙ»éí³ ÁÝóóùáõÙ.
thrombosis [θrɒm΄bəusis] n ÃñáÙμá½. a The house needs painting ~ Þ»ÝùÁ ÉñÇí
coronary ~ ëñï³ÝáóÛÇÝ ÃñáÙμá½: Ý»ñÏÙ³Ý Ï³ñÇù áõÝÇ. The weather was good
throne [θrəun] 1. n ·³Ñ, ³Ãáé. ó·³íáñ³- ~ ²ÙμáÕç Å³Ù³Ý³Ï É³í »Õ³Ý³Ï ¿ñ:
Ï³Ý Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝ. come to the ~ ·³Ñ μ³ñÓ- throw [θrəu] v Ý»ï»É, ·ó»É, ßåñï»É. ~ stone/
ñ³Ý³É. 2. v ·³Ñ μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»É. μ³½Ù»É: light ù³ñ Ý»ï»É, ÉáõÛë ë÷é»É. ~ the ball
throng [θrɒŋ] n ³ÙμáË, μ³½ÙáõÃÛáõÝ: ·Ý¹³ÏÁ Ý»ï»É. ~ open the door/window ¹áõ-
throng [θrɒŋ] v ËéÝí»É, Éóí»É, ÉÇùÁ ÉóÝ»É. éÁ/å³ïáõѳÝÁ ɳÛÝ μ³ó»É. ~ a glance ѳ-
The crowd ~ed the street ´³½ÙáõÃÛáõÝÁ Éóí»É Û³óù Ý»ï»É. ~ one’s arms around smb Ù»ÏÇÝ
¿ñ ÷áÕáóÁ. People ~ed to see him ÄáÕáíáõñ- ÷³Ã³Ãí»É. ~ oneself Ý»ïí»É. ~ one’s oppo-
¹Á ËÙμ»ñáí ·³ÉÇë ¿ñ Ýñ³Ý ï»ëÝ»Éáõ: nent Ùñ½. ѳϳé³Ïáñ¹ÇÝ ·»ïÝáí ï³É/
throttle [΄θrɒtl] n ï»Ë. ϳñ·³íáñáÕ Ï³- ѳÕûÉ. ~ the disc ëϳí³é³Ï Ý»ï»É. ~ the
÷³ñÇã. ÷³Ï³Ý, ¹ñáë»É. give a bit more ~ skin Ù³ßÏÁ/ß³åÇÏÁ ÷áË»É (ûÓÇ Ù³ëÇÝ). ~
³íïá., ËëÏó. ·³½Ý ³í»É³óÝ»É. at full ~ smb into jail Ù»ÏÇÝ μ³Ýï Ý»ï»É. ~ a shadow
ÉñÇí ·³½: ëïí»ñ Ý»ï»É. ~ the blame Ù»ÕùÁ ·ó»É. ~
through [θru:] 1. prep ÙÇçáí. ~ the forest doubts on smth áñ¨¿ μ³Ý ϳëϳÍÇ ï³Ï
³Ýï³éÇ ÙÇçáí. pass ~ many dangers ß³ï ³éÝ»É. ~ a party ËëÏó. »ñ»ÏáõÛà ϳ½Ù³-
íï³Ý·Ý»ñÇ ÙÇçáí ³ÝóÝ»É. ~ the smoke ÍËÇ Ï»ñå»É. ~ about ãáñë ÏáÕÙÁ ó÷Ã÷»É. ~
ÙÇçáí/ÙÇçÇó. ~ the keyhole μ³Ý³Éáõ ³ÝóùÇ one’s money about ÷áÕÁ ßé³ÛÉ»É/í³ïÝ»É. ~
ÙÇçáí see ~ smb ÷Ëμ. ¿áõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ó÷³Ý- away ßåñï»É, ¹»Ý ·ó»É, ÏáñóÝ»É. ~ down
ó»É. ~ interpreter óñ·Ù³ÝãÇ ÙÇçáóáí. ~ í³Ûñ ·ó»É, ï³å³É»É. Çß˳ÝáõÃÛáõÝÇó
your friend ùá ÁÝÏ»ñáç ÙÇçáóáí. (å³ï׳é) ½ñÏ»É. ~ off íñ³ÛÇó ·ó»É, Ù»ñÅ»É, ãÁݹáõÝ»É.
~ no fault of yours áã Ó»ñ å³ï׳éáí. It was ~ off one’s clothes ѳ·áõëïÁ íñ³ÛÇó Ý»ï»É.
all ~ you ²Û¹ ³ÙμáÕçÁ ùá å³ï׳éáí ¿ñ. ~ off an illness ÑÇí³Ý¹áõÃÛáõÝÇó ³½³ï-
(ÁÝóóùáõÙ) It lasted ~ the day ²ÛÝ ³ÙμáÕç í»É/³å³ùÇÝí»É. ~ off smb’s influence Ù»ÏÇ
ûñÁ 層ó. (ÙÇÝã¨, Ý»ñ³éÛ³É) (from) Monday ³½¹»óáõÃÛáõÝÇó ³½³ïí»É/Ãáó÷»É. ~ on
~ Friday »ñÏáõß³μÃÇÇó áõñμ³Ã. look ~ ³ãùÇ íñ³Ý ·ó»É, ѳ·Ý»É. ~ on some clothes ѳ-
³ÝóϳóÝ»É. look ~ the accounts ѳßÇíÝ»ñÁ ·áõëïÁ íñ³Ý ·ó»É. ~ out ¹áõñë Ý»ï»É. ãÁÝ-
³ãùÇ ³ÝóϳóÝ»É. 2. adv ÙÇçáí, ÙÇ Í³ÛñÇó ¹áõÝ»É. ~ out rubbish ³ÕμÁ ¹áõñë ó÷»É. ~
ÙÛáõëÁ. get wet ~ ³ÙμáÕçáíÇÝ Ãñçí»É. read out a suggestion ³é³ç³ñÏÁ ãÁݹáõÝ»É. ~ over
the journal ~ ³Ùë³·ÇñÁ ͳÛñÇó ͳÛñ ϳñ- ¹»Ý ßåñï»É/Ý»ï»É/·ó»É. ~ together Ç ÙÇ
¹³É. put ~ Ñ»ï ÙdzóÝ»É. I’ll put you ~ to him μ»ñ»É, ÙdzóÝ»É. ~ one’s things together ³ñ³·
ØdzóÝáõÙ »Ù Ó»½ Ýñ³ Ñ»ï. (³í³ñï»É) be Çñ»ñÁ ѳí³ù»É. ~n together by circumstances
throw 840 tick II

ѳݷ³Ù³ÝùÝ»ñáí Ç ÙÇ μ»ñí³Í/Ùdzóí³Í. ÃݹÛáõÝ, ¹Õñ¹áó. ³ÕÙáõÏ:


~ up í»ñ Ý»ï»É. ~ up one’s job ÷Ëμ. ³ß˳- thunder [΄θΛndə] v áñáï³É, ¹Õñ¹³É, ·á-
ï³ÝùÁ ÃáÕÝ»É. ~ up ëÇñïÁ ˳éÝ»É: é³É, ß³Ýà áõ ϳÛÍ³Ï ³ñӳϻÉ. It ~s ²ÙåÁ
throw [θrəu] n Ý»ïáõÙ, Ý»ï»ÉÁ. within a ·áéáõÙ ¿. His voice ~ed Üñ³ Ó³ÛÝÁ ¹Õñ¹áõÙ
stone’s ~ áã Ñ»éáõ, ÙáïÇÏ. Ý»ï³Í ù³ñÇ Ñ»- ¿ñ. Lorries ~ed past ´»éݳï³ñ Ù»ù»Ý³Ý»ñÁ
é³íáñáõÃÛ³Ùμ: ¹Õñ¹³Éáí ³ÝóÝáõÙ ¿ÇÝ:
throw-down [΄θrəu‚daun] n å³ñïáõÃÛáõÝ. thunderbolt [΄θΛndəbəult] n ϳÛͳÏÇ Ñ³ñ-
ï³å³ÉáõÙ. Çß˳ݳ½ñÏáõÙ: í³Í áñáïÇ ×³ÛÃÛáõÝáí:
thrower [΄θrəuə] n ÝéݳϳÓÇ·: thunder-clap [΄θΛndəklæp] n áñáïÇ
thrown [θrəun] a áÉáñ³Í, ÑÛáõë³Í (Ù»ï³ùë ׳ÛÃÛáõÝ:
¨ ³ÛÉÝ): thunder-cloud [΄θΛndəklaud] n ³Ùåñá-
thrush [θrΛ∫] n ϻݹ. Ï»éÝ»Ë: å³μ»ñ ³Ùå:
thrust [θrΛst] v Ññ»É, μáûÉ. ËóÏ»É, ËáûÉ. ~ thunderer [΄θΛndərə] n ß³ÝóÓÇ·:
one’s hands into one’s pockets Ó»éù»ñÁ ·ñå³- thundering [΄θΛndəriŋ] a áñáï³Ó³ÛÝ,
ÝÁ ËáûÉ. ~ one’s head out of the window ·Éáõ- ËɳóÝáÕ, ËɳóáõóÇã:
ËÁ å³ïáõѳÝÇó ¹áõñë ѳݻÉ. ~ a stick into thunderous [΄θΛndərəs] a ³Ùåñáå³ÛÇÝ,
the ground ÷³ÛïÁ ÑáÕÇ Ù»ç Ëñ»É. ~ a knife ³Ùåñáå³μ»ñ. áñáïÁݹáëï:
into smb’s back ¹³Ý³ÏÁ Ù»çùÁ Ëñ»É. ~ one’s thunder-storm [΄θΛndərstɔ:m] n ³Ùåñáå.
nose into ËëÏó. ùÇÃÁ ËóÏ»É/ËáÃ»É (ÙÇ μ³ÝÇ heavy/terrible/distant ~ áõÅ»Õ, ë³ñë³÷»ÉÇ/
Ù»ç). ~ advice/ responsibility on smb Ù»ÏÇÝ ½á- Ñ»é³íáñ ³Ùåñáå. A ~ broke out ²Ùåñáå
éáí ËáñÑáõñ¹ ï³É. å³ï³Ë³Ý³ïíáõ- å³Ûûó. be caught in a ~ ³ÙåñáåÇ ï³Ï
ÃÛáõÝÁ Ù»ÏÇ í½ÇÝ ÷³Ã³Ã»É. ~ smb aside Ù»- ÁÝÏÝ»É/μéÝí»É:
ÏÇÝ ÙÇ ÏáÕÙ Ññ»É: thunder-struck [΄θΛndərstrΛk] a ϳÛͳÏ-
ݳѳñ, ß³Ýóѳñ. ~ by the news Ýáñáõ-
thrusting [΄θrΛstiŋ] a ѳٳé³ÙÇï, ³ÝÑáÕ-
ÃÛáõÝÇó ß³Ýóѳñ:
¹áÕ¹:
thud [θΛd] 1. n ÃñÙ÷áó (ËáõÉ Ó³ÛÝ). fall with thundery [΄θΛndəri] a ³Ùåñáå³ÛÇÝ. ~
weather ³Ùåñáå³ÛÇÝ »Õ³Ý³Ï:
a ~ ÃñÙ÷áóáí ÁÝÏÝ»É. 2. v ÃñÙ÷³É, ÃñÙ÷á-
óáí ÁÝÏÝ»É:
Thursday [΄θə:zdei] n ÑÇÝ·ß³μÃÇ:
thug [θΛg] n ³í³½³Ï, Ù³ñ¹³ëå³Ý: thus [ðΛs] adv ³Ûëå»ë, ³ÛëåÇëáí, ѻ勉-
μ³ñ. ~ and ~ ³Ûëå»ë ¨ ³Ûëå»ë. ~ far ÙÇÝã¨
thumb [θΛm] n μáõÃ, μóÙÇï. under one’s ~ ³Ûëï»Õ/³ÛÅÙ, ³é³ÛÅÙ. He began ~ ܳ
Ù»ÏÇ ³½¹»óáõÃÛ³Ý ï³Ï/·»ñÇ. Ù»ÏÇ ÏñáõÝ-
ëÏë»ó Ñ»ï¨Û³É Ó¨áí/Ï»ñå. ~ much ³Û¹-
ÏÇ ï³Ï ÉÇÝ»É. His fingers are all ~s ²ÝßÝáñÑù
ù³Ý, ³Û¹ã³÷:
Ó»éù»ñ áõÝÇ. ~ print μáõà ٳïÇ ¹ñáßÙ. ~
thwack [θwæk] n (áõÅ»Õ) ѳñí³Í. Í»Í,
mark Ù³ïݳѻïù (·ñùÇ íñ³). ÑÙÏñ·.
ùáóÏ:
thumbnail Ù³Ýñ³å³ïÏ»ñ. ÷áùñ³óÝ»É:
thwart [θwɔ:t] v ѳϳ׳é»É, ˳ݷ³ñ»É. ~
thumb [θΛm] v Ù»ù»Ý³ ϳݷݻóݻɪ μó- smb’s plans Íñ³·ñ»ñÁ ˳÷³Ý»É. be ~ed at
Ù³ïÁ μ³ñÓñ³óÝ»Éáí. ~ a lift to London every turn ³Ù»Ý ù³Ûɳ÷áËÇÝ ³ñ·»ÉùÇ
ѳÙÁÝóó Ù»ù»Ý³Ûáí ÈáݹáÝ ·Ý³É: ѳݹÇå»É:
thump [θΛmp] n ͳÝñ ѳñí³Í. (ѳñí³ÍÇ) thyme [taim] n μëμ. áõñó, ÏáñÃÇÝ:
ËáõÉ Ó³ÛÝ. give a ~ ͳÝñ ѳñí³Í ѳëóÝ»É: thyroid [΄θairɔid] n ϽÙË. ~ gland í³Ñ³Ý³-
thump [θΛmp] v ѳñí³Í»É, óϻÉ. ËáõÉ Ó¨ ·»ÕÓ:
Ó³ÛÝ ³é³ç³óÝ»É. ~ the table ë»Õ³ÝÇÝ Ñ³ñ- tic [tik] n μÅßÏ. çÕ³Ó·áõÃÛáõÝ, ïÇÏ:
í³Í»É ~ out a rhythm éÇÃÙÁ ï³Ïïáí Ë÷»É. tick I [tik] n ϻݹ. ïǽ, ßݳ׳Ý×:
~ on the door ¹é³ÝÁ ѳñí³Í»É. His heart/ tick II [tik]1. n ïÏïÏáó (ųٳóáõÛóÇ). ~
head was ~ing êÇñïÁ μ³μ³ËáõÙ ¿ñ. ¶ÉáõËÁ tock ïÇÏ-ï³Ï. ËëÏó. í³ÛñÏÛ³Ý to the ~
ÃݹáõÙ ¿ñ: ×Çßï ųٳݳÏÇÝ. just a ~ ÙÇ í³ÛñÏÛ³Ý. Do
thumping [΄θΛmpiŋ] a Ñëϳ۳ϳÝ, ³Ñ³- smth in two ~s (ÙÇ μ³Ý ³Ý»É) ³ÝÙÇç³å»ë.
·ÇÝ. ËëÏó. ß³ï, ë³ëïÇÏ, ã³÷³½³Ýó: 2. v ïÏïϳÉ, ïÏïϳóÝ»É. The hours ~ed
thunder [΄θΛndə] n áñáï, ³ÙåÇ ·áéáó. away ijٻñÁ ¹³Ý¹³Õáñ»Ý ³ÝóÝáõÙ ¿ÇÝ:
tick III 841 tie

tick III [tik] n ëñ³ÝÏÛáõÝ ÝÇß/ÝßáõÙ: tide [taid] n Ù³ÏÁÝóóáõÃÛáõÝ ¨ ï»Õ³ïíáõ-


tick IV [tik] n ËëÏó. í³ñÏ, å³ñïù. buy on ÃÛáõÝ. high ~ Ù³ÏÁÝóóáõÃÛ³Ý ·³·³Ãݳ-
~ ³å³éÇÏ ·Ý»É. run ~ ³å³éÇÏ í»ñóÝ»É, Ï»ïÁ. low ~ ï»Õ³ïíáõÃÛ³Ý ³Ù»Ý³ó³Íñ
å³ñïùáí ³åñ»É: Ï»ïÁ/ùÇã çáõñ. The ~ comes in/rises سÏÁÝ-
tick [tik] v Ýß»É, Ýß³Ý ³Ý»É. ~ correct answers óóáõÃÛáõÝÝ áõŻճÝáõÙ ¿, æáõñÁ ·³ÉÇë ¿
×Çßï å³ï³ë˳ÝÝ»ñÁ ÝßáõÛóíáñ»É. ~ The ~ is going out/falling î»Õ³ïíáõÃÛáõÝ ¿
smb off Ù»ÏÇÝ ËÇëï å³ñë³í»É: ëÏëíáõÙ, æñÇ Ù³Ï³ñ¹³ÏÁ ÁÝÏÝáõÙ ¿/Çç-
ticker [΄tikə] n ËëÏó. ųٳóáõÛó. ѻ鳷ñ³- ÝáõÙ ¿. The ~ has turned ÷Ëμ. ´³ËïÁ ¹³-
Ï³Ý ³å³ñ³ï: í³×³Ý»ó, ¶áñÍÁ Ó³ËáÕí»ó. (Ñáë³Ýù,
ticket [΄tikit] n ïáÙë, ïáÙë³Ï. ù³ñï. ³ÉÇù) go with the ~ ÷Ëμ. Ñáë³Ýùáí ÉáÕ³É,
ÏïñáÝ. single/one way ~ ·Ý³Éáõ ïáÙë. return ѳٳϻñåí»É. war ~s ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ
~ ·Ý³É ·³Éáõ/í»ñ³¹³ñÓÇ ïáÙë. through ~ 鳽ٳ׳ϳïÇó:
áõÕÇÕ Ñ³Õáñ¹³ÏóáõÃÛ³Ý ïáÙë. season ~ tide [taid] v Ñáë³Ýùáí ÉáÕ³É. ~ over o·Ý»É,
뻽áݳÛÇÝ ïáÙë. bus/theatre/concert ~ ³í- û·ÝáõÃÛáõÝ óáõÛó ï³É. ~ over a difficulty
ïáμáõëÇ/óïñáÝÇ/ѳٻñ·Ç ïáÙë. compli- ËëÏó. ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ѳÕóѳñ»É. The
mentary ~ ÷áËïáÙë, ÓñÇ ïáÙë. Produce money will ~ me over ËëÏó. ²Ûë ·áõÙ³ñÁ ÇÝÓ
your ~s! Ü»ñϳ۳óñ»ù Ó»ñ ïáÙë»ñÁ. (³å- Ïû·ÝÇ Ñ³Õóѳñ»É£
ñ³Ýù³ÝÇß. åÇï³Ï) price ~ ·Ý³åÇï³Ï. tidewater [΄taidwɔ:tə] n, a Ù³ÏÁÝóóáõ-
meal ~ ëÝÝ¹Ç ÏïñáÝ. pawn ~ ·ñ³í³·Çñ. ~ ÃÛ³Ý çñ»ñ. Íáí³÷. ³é³÷ÝÛ³, Íáí³÷ÝÛ³:
of discharge é½Ù. ³ñÓ³ÏÙ³Ý íϳ۳ϳÝ. The tidiness [΄taidinəs] n Ù³ùñáõÃÛáõÝ, Ù³ùñ³-
~ лÝó ³ÛÝ, ÇÝã å»ïù ¿. Not quite the ~ ³ÛÝ ëÇñáõÃÛáõÝ. ÏáÏÇÏáõÃÛáõÝ:
ã¿. What’s the ~? ƱÝã Ùï³¹ñáõÃÛáõÝ Ï³. ~ tidings [΄taidiŋz] n ÝáñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ, Éáõñ»ñ,
office ïáÙë³ñÏÕ. ~ collector/inspector í»- ï»Õ»ÏáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ:
ñ³ÑëÏÇã, ëïáõ·Çã: tidy [΄taidi] a Ù³ùáõñ, ÏáÏÇÏ, Ù³ùñ³ë»ñ. a ~
tickle [΄tikl] n ËïÕï³Ýù, Ëáõïáõï, Ëáõ- room ÏáÏÇÏ/Ù³ùáõñ ë»ÝÛ³Ï. a ~ desk/hand-
ïáõï ³Ý»ÉÁ. have a ~ in one’s throat ÏáÏáñ¹Á writing ÏáÏÇÏ ë»Õ³Ý. Ñëï³Ï/¹ÛáõñÁÝûé-
ù»ñÍí»É/ùáñ ·³É: Ý»ÉÇ Ó»é³·Çñ. ËëÏó. ½·³ÉÇ, μ³í³Ï³Ý
tickle [΄tikl] v Ëáõïáõï ³Ý»É/ï³É/½·³É. ùáñ Ù»Í a ~ sum μ³í³Ï³Ý Ù»Í ·áõÙ³ñ:
ï³É. It ~s Êáõïáõï ¿ ·³ÛÇë. My nose ~s tidy [΄taidi] v (ݳ¨ª ~ up) ѳí³ù»É, Ù³ùñ»É,
øÇÃë ùáñ ¿ ·³ÉÇë. This wool ~s ´áõñ¹Á ͳ- ϳñ·Ç μ»ñ»É. ~ a room ë»ÝÛ³ÏÁ ϳñ·Ç
ÏáõÙ ¿/ÏÍáõÙ ¿/ùáñ ¿ ï³ÉÇë. (½í³ñ׳óÝ»É) μ»ñ»É. ~ oneself Çñ»Ý ϳñ·Ç μ»ñ»É. ~ out a
~ to death ÍÇͳÕÇó Ù»éóÝ»É. ~ smn pink drawer ·½ñáóÁ ϳñ·³íáñ»É:
ËëÏó. Ù»ÏÇÝ ß³ï ½í³ñ׳óÝ»É. ~ one’s va- tie [tai] n ÷áÕϳå. »ñÏÃ. ɳÛݳÏÇ ·»ñ³Ý.
nity ÷Ëμ. ÇÝùݳëÇñáõÃÛáõÝÁ ßáÛ»É: striped/loud ~ ½áɳíáñ/³ãù ͳÏáÕ ÷áÕϳå.
tickler [΄tiklə] n μ³ñ¹ ËݹÇñ, ·ÉáõËÏáï- ~s ϳå»ñ. ~s of friendship μ³ñ»Ï³Ù³Ï³Ý
ñáõÏ: ϳå»ñ. family ~s ÁÝï³Ý»Ï³Ý ϳå»ñ£
ticklish [΄tikli∫] a ËïÕï³Ý. Ýñμ³½·³ó, tie [tai] v ϳå»É, »ñǽ»É. ÙdzóÝ»É, ³Ùñ³ó-
ßáõï íÇñ³íáñíáÕ. ÷Ëμ. Ýáõñμ, Ýñμ³- Ý»É. ~ smb’s hands Ó»éù»ñÁ ϳå»É. ~ hand
Ýϳï. ÷³÷áõÏ, ÷³÷ϳÝϳï. a ~ problem and foot Ó»éùÝ áõ áïùÁ ϳå»É. ~ a knot
Ýáõñμ/÷³÷áõÏ Ñ³ñó£ ѳݷáõÛó ϳå»É. ~ one’s shoe laces Ïáßϳ-
tick-tack [΄tiktæk] n ËëÏó. ïÏïÏáó (ųٳ- ùáõÕÁ ϳå»É. ~ one’s things into a bundle ϳ-
óáõÛó). ÃÁËÏ-ÃÁËÏ. ïÁÏ-ïÁÏ. ïÇÏ-ï³Ï: åáó ë³ñù»É. be ~d by the rules ϳÝáÝÝ»ñáí
tidal [΄taidl] a Ù³ÏÁÝóóáõÃÛ³Ý ¨ ï»- å³ñï³íáñí»É/ë³Ñٳݳ÷³Ïí»É. be ~d to
Õ³ïíáõÃÛ³Ý Ñ»ï ϳåí³Í. ~ wave Ù³ÏÁÝ- the dates ³Û¹ ûñ»ñÇÝ ½μ³Õí³Í ÉÇÝ»É. be ~d
óóáõÃÛ³Ý ³ÉÇù. ~ river Ù³ÏÁÝóó³-ï»- to the house ïݳÛÇÝ ïÝï»ëáõÃÛ³Ùμ ½μ³Õ-
Õ³ïí³ÛÇÝ ·»ï: í»É. Ùñ½. (ѳßÇíÁ ѳí³ë³ñ»óÝ»É) We ~d
tiddler [΄tidlə] n ËëÏó. Ù³Ýñ ÓÏÝÇÏ£ with them 3 - all Ø»Ýù áã-áùÇ Ë³Õ³óÇÝù
tiddly [΄tidli] a åëïÇÏ, Ù³ÝñÇÏ. ËëÏó. ÏáÝ- 3:3. ~ for the second place »ñÏñáñ¹ ï»ÕÁ
ͳÍ, ϳï³ñÁ ï³ù: ÏÇë»É. The two candidates ~d ùÕù. ºñÏáõ
tie-on 842 time

ûÏݳÍáõÝ»ñÁ ѳí³ë³ñ Ó³ÛÝ»ñ ëï³ó³Ý. ΄sistəm] áõÅ»Õ Ï³åáí ѳٳϳñ·:


~d to time ųٳݳÏáí ϳåí³Í. ~ in witÑ tights [taits] n ïñÇÏá, ½áõ·³·áõÉå³:
ϳåí»É. ~ up a dog ß³ÝÁ ϳå»É. ~ up a par- tigress [΄taigrəs] n ¿· í³·ñ:
cel ϳåáóÁ ϳå»É. Everything is ~d up ²Ù»Ý tilde [΄tildə] n ïå·ñ. ³ÉÇù³Ýß³Ý, ïÇɹ³ (~):
ÇÝã áñáßí³Í ¿. The money is ~d up in prop- tile [tail]1. n (ݳ¨ª Dutch ~) ÏÕÙÇݹñ. ѳË-
erty öáÕÁ Ý»ñ ¿ ¹ñí³Í ³Ýß³ñÅ ·áõÛùÇ Ù»ç: ׳ë³ÉÇÏ. Ï³í» ËáÕáí³Ï. have a ~ loose
tie-on [΄taiɒn] a ϳåáíÇ, ϳåí³Í. a ~ label ÷Ëμ. ͳÉÁ/ï³Ëï³ÏÁ å³Ï³ë. 2. v
ϳåáíÇ/ϳåí³Í åÇï³Ï: ÏÕÙÇݹñáí ͳÍÏ»É. ~ a wall/roof å³ïÁ
tie-pin [΄taipin] n ÷áÕϳåÇ ùáñáó: ѳË׳ë³ÉÇÏáí, ÏïáõñÁ ÏÕÙÇݹñáí å³-
tier I [΄taiə] n »ñ»Ë³ÛÇ ·á·Ýáó: ï»É. ÑÙÏñ·. Ïó³ß³ñ»É:
tier II [΄taiə] n óï»ñ³Ñ³ñÏ, ϳñ·: tiling [΄tailiŋ] n ÏÕÙÇݹñÇ Í³ÍÏ:
tierce [tiəs] n ï³Ï³é (200 ÉÇïñ). »ñÅß. till [til] n ¹ñ³Ù³ñÏÕ (˳ÝáõÃÇ, í³×³é³ë»-
ï»ñódz. ÃÕÃË. ï»ñó: Õ³ÝÇ):
tie-wig [΄taiwig] n ͳÙáí å³ñÇÏ: till [til] v Ù߳ϻÉ, í³ñ»É, Ñ»ñÏ»É (ÑáÕÁ):
tiff I [tif] n ·ÅïáõÃÛáõÝ, ·Åïí»ÉÁ: till [til] 1. prep ÙÇÝã¨. ~ now ÙÇÝ㨠³ÛÅÙ. ~
tiff II [tif] n, v á·»ÉÇó ÁÙå»ÉÇùÇ ÙÇ ÏáõÙ. then ÙÇÝ㨠³ÛÝ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï. ~ today ÙÇÝã¨
¹³Ý¹³Õ/÷áùñÇÏ ÏáõÙ»ñáí ËÙ»É: ³Ûëûñ. 2. cnj ÙÇÝã¨. Wait ~ I come êå³ëÇñª
tiger [΄taigə] n í³·ñ. American ~ ³Ù»ñÇÏÛ³Ý ÙÇÝ㨠»ë ·³Ù:
Ñáí³½, Û³·áõ³ñ: tillable [΄tiləbl] a Ñ»ñÏ»ÉÇ, í³ñ»ÉÇ:
tigerish [΄taigəri∫] a í³·ñ³ÛÇÝ, í³Ûñ³·. ³ñ- tillage [΄tilidз] n ÑáÕÇ Ùß³ÏáõÙ. Ùß³Ïí³Í
Ûáõݳñμáõ: ÑáÕ, í³ñ»É³ÑáÕ:
tiger-moth [΄taigəmɒθ] n ·Çß»ñ³ÛÇÝ ÃÇûé: tiller I [΄tilə] n Íáí. ջϳÉͳÏ:
tight [tait] a ÓÇ·, åÇݹ, åÇñÏ. a ~ knot ÓÇ· tiller II [΄tilə] n ÑáÕ³·áñÍ, »ñÏñ³·áñÍ:
ϳåí³Í ѳݷáõÛó. ~ jacket/collar Ý»Õ åÇ- tilt [tilt] n ûùáõÃÛáõÝ, ûù íÇ׳Ï. (at) full ~
ç³Ï. ë»ÕÙ ûÓÇù. The shoes are ~ ÎáßÇÏÁ ë»Õ- ³ÙμáÕç áõÅáí/ó÷áí. He ran full ~ into a
ÙáõÙ ¿. ~ spring/rope åÇñÏ ½ëå³Ý³Ï/å³- wall ²ÙμáÕç ó÷áí å³ïÇÝ Ë÷í»ó:
ñ³Ý. a ~ hug áõÅ»Õ/åÇݹ ·ñϳ˳éÝáõ- tilt [tilt] v ûù(í)»É, ßáõé ï³É, ßñç»É. ~ the
ÃÛáõÝ. keep a ~ hold ³Ùáõñ μéݳÍ/å³Ñ³Í table/chair/jug ë»Õ³ÝÁ/³ÃáéÁ/ë³÷áñÁ û-
áõݻݳÉ. a ~ sweater ÏÇå Ýëï³Í ëíÇï»ñ. a ù»É/ßñç»É:
~ squeeze ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛ³Ùμ ËóÏí³Í. ë»ÕÙ, tilth [tilθ] n ÑáÕÇ Ùß³ÏáõÙ. Ùß³Ïí³Í ÑáÕ.
Ý»Õ. a ~ schedule ÷Ëμ. ɳñí³Í Íñ³·Çñ. í³ñ»É³ÑáÕ:
(¹Åí³ñÇÝ, ¹Åí³ñ) be in a ~ spot ¹Åí³ñ timber [΄timbə] n ³Ýï³é³ÝÛáõÃ, ÷³Ûï³-
ϳóáõÃÛ³Ý Ù»ç ÉÇÝ»É. Money is ~ öáÕ³- ÝÛáõÃ. ÷³Ûï»Õ»Ý. ~s ·»ñ³Ý, ѻͳÝ. ~ mer-
ÛÇÝ/¸ñ³Ù³Ï³Ý ¹Åí³ñáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñ Ï³Ý He is chant ÷³Ûï³ñ¹Ûáõݳμ»ñáÕ:
~ ܳ ÅÉ³ï ¿. He is ~ ËëÏó. ØÇ ùÇã ËÙ³Í timber [΄timbə] v ÷³ÛïÇó ßÇÝ»É/ϳéáõó»É.
¿/ø»ýÁ ï»ÕÝ ¿: ³ï³ÕÓ³·áñÍáõÃÛ³Ùμ ½μ³Õí»É:
tight [tait] adv (ݳ¨ª tightly) ë»ñïáñ»Ý. ÏÇå. timbered [΄timbəd] a ÷³Ûï», ÷³Ûï³ß»Ý.
åÇݹ, ÓÇ·, ³Ùáõñ Ï»ñåáí. screw the cap on ³Ýï³éáï, ³Ýï³é³å³ï:
~ ϳ÷³ñÇãÁ ³Ùáõñ åݹ³óÝ»É. hold ~ timber-headed [΄timbə΄hedid] a ÑÇÙ³ñ,
ËëÏó. åÇݹ μéÝí»É. just sit ~ å³ñ½³å»ë μóÙÇï, ѳëï³·ÉáõË:
ѳݷÇëï Ýëï»É: timbre [΄tæmbə] n »ñÅß. ï»Ùμñ:
tighten [΄taitn] v ë»ÕÙ»É, Ó·»É, åñÏ»É. ³Ùáõñ timbrel [΄timbrəl] n ¹³÷:
ù³ß»É. ~ one’s belt ·áïÇÝ Ó·»É. ~ one’s grip time [taim] n ųٳݳÏ, ųÙ. spare, free/
³í»ÉÇ ³Ùáõñ ë»ÕÙ»É. ~ restrictions ë³ÑÙ³- hard/busy ~ ³½³ï/ͳÝñ/½μ³Õí³Í ųٳ-
ݳ÷³ÏáõÙÝ»ñÁ (³í»ÉÇ) Ëëï³óÝ»É. ~ up on ݳÏ. T~ passes/drags ijٳݳÏÝ ³ÝóÝáõÙ ¿/
dscipline ³í»ÉÇ Ëëï³óÝ»É Ï³ñ·³å³Ñáõ- Ó·íáõÙ ¿. half/part of the ~ ųٳݳÏÇ Ï»ëÁ,
ÃÛáõÝÁ: ÙÇ Ù³ëÁ. for some/a long ~ áñáß Å³Ù³Ý³Ï,
tight-fisted [‚tait΄fistid] a Åɳï, ·ÍáõÍ: »ñϳñ ųٳݳÏ. have enough ~ μ³í³Ï³Ý
tightly-coupled system [΄taitli ΄kΛpld Å³Ù³Ý³Ï áõݻݳÉ. after a ~ áñáß Å³Ù³Ý³-
time 843 time-study

ÏÇó Ñ»ïá. waste ~ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï í³ïÝ»É. make ³ë»É. look at the ~ ųٳóáõÛóÇÝ Ý³Û»É. at
up for the lost ~ Ïáñóñ³Í ųٳݳÏÁ »ï this ~ of night ·Çß»ñí³ ³Ûë ųÙÇÝ at any ~
߳ѻÉ/μ»ñ»É. pass the ~ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ³Ýó- ó³Ýϳó³Í ųÙÇÝ. arrive on ~ ×Çßï ųÙÇÝ
ϳóÝ»É. I have ~ on my hands ºë Å³Ù³Ý³Ï Å³Ù³Ý»É. ÑÙÏñ·. ~-sharing ųٳݳÏÇ μ³-
áõÝ»Ù. Take your ~ ØÇ ßï³å»ù. It takes ~ ųÝáõÙ. ~-sharing executive ³ß˳ï³ÝùÇ
Ä³Ù³Ý³Ï ¿ ѳñϳíáñ/³ÝÑñ³Å»ßï. have a μ³Å³ÝáõÙáí ûå»ñ³óÇáÝ Ñ³Ù³Ï³ñ·. ~
good ~ ɳí Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ³ÝóϳóÝ»É. The ~ has slice ųٳݳÏÇ Ñ³ïí³Í/ùí³Ýï. ~ slicing
come ºÏ»É ¿ ųٳݳÏÁ. have the ~ of one’s ųٳݳÏÇ ùí³Ýï³óáõÙ:
life Çñ ÏÛ³ÝùÇ ³Ù»Ý³É³í ųٳݳÏÁ time [taim] v ѳçáÕ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï ÁÝïñ»É. The
³ÝóϳóÝ»É. It is high ~ ì³Õáõó/ÆëÏÁ ų- remark was well ~d ¸ÇïáÕáõÃÛ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³-
ٳݳÏÝ ¿. in due ~ Çñ ųٳݳÏÇÝ. at ~s, ÏÁ ѳçáÕ ¿ñ ÁÝïñí³Í. ~ one’s journey ׳Ù-
from ~ to ~ »ñμ»ÙÝ, Ù»ñà Áݹ Ù»ñÃ. ųٳ- ÷áñ¹áõÃÛ³Ý Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÁ Ý߳ݳϻÉ. ~ a race
Ý³Ï ³é ųٳݳÏ. in no ~ ã³÷³½³Ýó Ùñ½. Ùñó³í³½ùÇ Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÁ Ýß»É. ~ smb
³ñ³·, ÇëÏáõÛÝ. at no ~ »ñμ»ù, áã ÙÇ Å³Ù³- Ù»ÏÇ Å³Ù³Ý³ÏÁ ýÇùë»É:
ݳÏ. some ~ or other »ñμ¨Çó», áñ¨¿ ųٳ- time bomb [΄taimbɒm] n ųٳóáõÛóÇ Ù»-
ݳÏ. at the same ~ ÙǨÝáõÛÝ Å³Ù³Ý³Ï. for ˳ÝǽÙáí éáõÙμ:
tÑe ~ being Ý»ñϳÛáõÙë, ³ÛÅÙ. for the ~ áñáß time-expi

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