ISSUE JOURNAL OF

01
October
GLOBAL &
DOMESTIC
LEADERSHIP
Global ⚫ Local ⚫ Glocal Author: Dr. Gary Fitzpatrick
2023

This Issue
Contact Info: Strategy, Strategy Formulation, and
Gary.Fitzpatrick4@gmail.com Strategic Leadership P.1
LinkedIn Profile
Leadership Models Related and Opposed

to Strategy and Strategic Leadership P.2

Open-Source Links Strategy, Strategy Formulation, and Strategic Leadership

MBA Knowledge Base. “Henry
There have been a number of definitions put made, resources to be allocated, and other
Mintzberg’s 10 Schools of Strategic
forth as to what strategy is defined as. Henry items that may be needed to operationalize or
Thought”
Mintzberg defined strategy as a pattern in a execute the strategy.
LINK
stream of decisions. Alfred Chandler defined According to DeWit and Myer (2010), the

Meyer, R., De Wit, T. “Mapping the strategy as the determination of the long run process by which an intended strategy is
Mind of a Strategist” goals and objectives of an enterprise and the created is strategy formation. Strategy
LINK adoption of actions and a direction of actions formulation is founded upon the current

Chandler also included the necessity of the knowledgebase, information, perceptions,

Western Governors University
allocation of resources necessary for carrying industry, domestic landscape, global
“What is Adaptive Leadership”
out these goals. On objective look at these landscape, along both of the known and
LINK
definitions of strategy allows for one to draw measured unknown environments with which

some similarities between organizational an organization operates within. Mintzberg

direction and strategy. While the term puts forth 10 Schools of Strategic Thought on

organizational direction has been used also, how strategy writer create their strategies.

senior leaders may decide organizational The 10 schools of strategic thought are:

direction before the strategy is developed, or Cognitive (1) , Design (2), Entrepreneurial (3),

possibly even concurrently use with the term Cultural (4), Positioning (5), Planning (6),

strategy. in this author’s experience these Power (7), Learning (8), Environment (9),

terms are used interchangeably. Chandler’s Configuration (10) (Adapted from Mintzberg,

definition of strategy brings in additional 1998). Unlike strategy formulation, strategy

dynamics that Mintzberg’s definition and the implementation is often seen as something of

term organizational direction does not. So one a craft, rather than a science, and its research

could assume that the term strategy not only history has previously been described as

will contain long run organizational goals, but fragmented and eclectic (Quaye, Osel,
would more likely contain additional contexts Sarbah, Arbrokwah, 2015). In this author’s

such as operational designs needing to be opinion, strategy, the

The

(cont.) the creation/formulation, the strategy in a general sense, one Leadership Models Related and
act of executing parts of the strategy can see that that strategic
are often used as interchangeable leadership is the umbrella in which
Opposed to Strategy and Strategic
terms and similarly described many other strategic actions are Leadership
actions. Another term that is also accomplished. Implementing
The previous entry in this issue goals (Western Governors
used often amidst senior leaders, phases of a strategy, the skills and
identified and described a few of University, 2021) . Interrupting
executives, and managers is attributes needed to successfully
the varying definitions, leader and innovation are two
Strategic Leadership, and to this draft, or formulate a
attributes, competencies, and attributes that are similar to the
author, has been used in quite a few comprehensive strategy fall under
leadership skills that make up the attributes of transformation
different contexts and with several the terms of strategic leadership.
fabric of a strategic leader. The leadership and would also be
different definitions. Vera and
following narratives will delve into suitable in a strategic
Crosson (2004) explained… __________________________
References: what other leadership models or leadership sense to a degree.
Meijer E., De Wit, T. (2010). Mapping the
theories are highly relevant and On the other end of the
Mind of the Strategist. Retrieved on
Strategic Leadership is more 10/05/2023 from: LINK
moderately related to strategic transformation leadership
focused on the study of people and
leadership along with leadership approach, there is the
Vera, D., Crossan, M. (2004). Strategic
operations at the top of the Leadership and Organizational Learning. styles/theories that are more transactional leadership model.
organization as compared to Retrieved on 10/04/2023 from: LINK
oppositional to principles of Transactional leadership is a
general leadership which is
Quaye, I., Osel, A., Sarbah, A., Arbrokwah, strategic leadership.
U. ( 2015) The applicability of the Learning cost benefit exchange between
involved with leaders and their
School Model of Strategy Formation Hitt, Ireland, and Hockinson
(Strategy Formulation as an Emergent leaders and their followers and
followers at multiple levels of the
Process) (2013) assert that
Retrieved on 10/10/2023 from: LINK where the leadership follower
organization.
transformational leadership is a relationship revolves around
Jaheela, A., Machuki, V. (2018) Strategic style of strategic leadership and
Leadership And Organizational the bargaining process
This difference between strategic
Performance: A Literature Review. feel it is the most effective
Retrieved on 10/03/2023 from: LINK (Travanti, 2008). When
leadership and leadership in a
leadership style for strategic analyzing transactional
general sense is echoed by Jaheela
leadership. Transformational leadership in the context of
and Machuki (2018) in their
leadership is steeped heavy in strategic leadership, one can
assertion that strategic leadership is
delivering and communication determine that the amount of
a model that possess capabilities
vision which also provides a link emphasis on the leader and
that allow for the accomplishment of
to strategic leadership principles. followership within the
organizational tasks that are beyond
A further leadership theory that transactional leadership
one individual, micro level, or heroic
fits in well with the principles of approach, that it is not aligned
leadership. Furthermore strategic
maintaining flexibility and with strategic leadership
leadership encompasses leadership
collaborating other through attributes.
qualities such as a leader’s ability to
change is that of the Adaptive One further leadership
participate, envision, maintain
Leadership theory. Adaptive dynamic/theory that is
flexibility, work with others through
leadership approach involves oppositional to strategic
changes, and helps the organization
diagnosing, interrupting, and leadership is that of the
to cope with future changes.
innovating as a means of managerial leadership theory.
When adopting the above definition
creating capabilities that align The managerial leadership
of strategic leadership, and skills
with organizational….. model/theory seeks to maintain
and attributes associated with
(cont.) order, hold uniformity,
suggests a greater emphasis on
day-to-day functional team leader
and follower dynamics, and is more
so short-term goal focused. This
focus on uniformity, short term day
to day thinking, is counter to the
visionary, adaptable, and flexibility
skills/attributes required by the
strategic leader.

References:
Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., & Hoskisson, R.

E. (2013). Strategic Management:

Competitiveness & Globalisation.

Stamford: Cengage Learning

Travanti M. (2008). Transactional

Leadership: Leadership the Key Concepts.

Retrieved on 10/09/2023 from: LINK

Western Governors University (2013).

What is Adaptive Leadership. Retrieved on

10/03/2023 from:

https://www.wgu.edu/blog/what-adaptive-

leadership2101.html