Pablo Borbon

Campus

Morales, Celeene Trizia M.

BSN 3104
NCM 113 – CHN 2

1. What are the levels of diseases occurence and give examples for each level, at least 2
diseases known here in the Philippines?

The levels of diseases occurrence are EPIDEMIC, ENDEMIC, OUTBREAK, AND PANDEMIC.
The occurrence of cases of a specific disease in a region is known as an outbreak , geographical
area that is larger than usual and impacts many different populations, which illnesses that spread
across the body. The two examples of an outbreak is Dengue and Cholera, The disease known as
dengue fever is transmitted through the bite of a mosquito carrying one of the dengue viruses.
Normal dengue symptoms are flu-like, but they can deteriorate into severe dengue (dengue
hemorrhagic fever), a condition that can be fatal. A second infection raises your likelihood of
developing serious symptoms. Meanwhile, in Cholera the intestinal infection with the Vibrio
cholerae bacteria is what causes cholera, a severe diarrheal sickness. When cholera bacteria are
present in food or water, people can get sick. Although the infection is mostly mild or
symptomless, it can occasionally be serious and life-threatening. Secondly is the Endemic, this
explains a condition or disease that is present in a specific location on a regular basis. It happens
regularly and is not uncommon, necessarily linked to epidemics or unusual occurrence patterns.
The 2 examples of this is Malaria and Leprosy wherein In significant portions of Central and South
America, Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, and the South Pacific, malaria transmission occurs.
Children under the age of five are more likely to contract malaria in endemic regions like tropical
Africa because they have less developed immune systems. On the other hand, One of the
Philippines' leprosy-endemic regions for more than a century has been Cebu. Since 1906, a
significant share of leprosy cases have originated in Cebu due to the development of a centralized
leprosy settlement on the island of Culion and the introduction of mandatory notification of leprosy
cases. Third is Epidemic , An epidemic is a sudden illness outbreak that spreads rapidly through a

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 Pablo Borbon
Campus

region, community, or population. The two examples are Porcine epidemic Diarrhea and HIV.
Porcine epidemic diarrhoea (PED), also known as porcine epidemic diarrhoea syndrome, is a non-
zoonotic viral disease that causes watery diarrhoea and weight loss in pigs. Meanwhile, HIV
(human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that targets the body's immune system. If HIV is not
treated, it can progress to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Lastly Pandemic, A
pandemic is an outbreak of an infectious illness that occurs over a large geographical area and has
a high prevalence, affecting a significant proportion of the world's population over the period of
several months. It’s two examples are COVID 19 Pandemic and Spanich flu, The 1918-1920 flu
pandemic, often known as the Great Influenza Epidemic or, more colloquially, Spanish flu, was a
particularly lethal global influenza pandemic caused by the H1N1 influenza A virus. Meanwhile,
the COVID 19 Pandemic, Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the
SARS-CoV-2 virus. Most patients infected with the virus will experience mild to moderate
respiratory disease and will recover without the need for specific treatment.

2. Define the levels of prevention in the context of epidemiology, and give at least 3 examples
for each prevention

There are three stages of prevention in the context of epidemiology: primary, secondary,
and tertiary. Any effort made to prevent the start of a disease in a healthy person is known as
primary prevention. Immunizations, quitting harmful habits like smoking, and banning chemicals
that could be connected to diseases or other health problems are a few examples. Moreover,
Secondary prevention measures include frequent blood pressure tests, x-rays for screening of
osteoporosis, and early disease detection screenings. Identification of the potential disease-carrier
is a key component of secondary prevention since it increases the effectiveness of therapies. Lastly,
The final type of prevention, tertiary prevention, involves caring for those who already have a
disease in order to avoid the an increase in complications. Also, controlling diabetes blood sugar
and avoiding complications for people with disabilities, or taking aspirin to avoid having another
stroke.

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www.batstate-u.edu.ph oc.pb@g.batstate-u.edu.ph
 Pablo Borbon
Campus

3. Explain the Iceberg Principle and cite a situation wherein it is being applied?

A conceptual framework called the "Iceberg Principle" discusses the possibility of certain
events. A scenario's potential for having undiscovered or buried layers of knowledge. This idea
functions in both of these barriers between fields of study and employment that demand the use of
psychological principles. Moreover, This claims that genuine human aspirations, motivations, and
underlying forces continue to exist and buried in the mind, not immediately visible on the outside.
This idea can be employed in the context of scientific or environmental challenges because it offers
a critical viewpoint for comprehending challenging ecological issues. In terms of environmental
issues, it is especially when pollution or habitat damage occurs that it is compared to the tip of the
iceberg, which is easily observable symptoms of more extensive, systemic troubles.

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 Pablo Borbon
Campus

4. Explain the web of causation Choose a specific disease and a make a web causation out
of it.

I choose the HIV/AIDS as my example for the Web Causation as it is very relevant topic
in my country which is Philippines. Nowadays, a lot of people are already aware on how it is
essential to know the facts and myths about the transmission of HIV/AIDS. The Myths includes
People can be infected when they are around HIV positive, only gay men can get infected, HIV
can be curable and also HIV positive people should be isolated. In my web causation I made it
very easy to understand, as it can be seen that HIV/AIDS transmission can only happen when a

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 Pablo Borbon
Campus

person gets blood transfusion, sexual intercourse with unprotected way with HIV positive,
Needles, Open woulds and Mother-Child during pregnancy.

5. How does this lecture significant to you as a student nurse?

This lessons and experiences in Community Health Nursing, plays a role in advancing my
nursing career.As a nursing student, it is really beneficial to my professional development. Because
the nursing profession requires the application of information and skills, it assists me as a student
in employing simple skills such as accurate vital signs, 21st century thinking, Symphaty and also
clinical skills for taking care of my patients. Moreover, Community Health Nursing offers
anopportunity to not only practice but also improve my interpersonal skills, such as
communication with various patients. Furthermore, Through extensive lectures, I am able to use
skills not only to conduct fundamental treatments efficiently, but also to develop my own technique
that adapt to the needs of each patient. With this adaptability, it allows me to comprehend what
complicated areas of patient care that address overall health not only on individuals but also on
communities. As a nursing student, having this lecture helps in my comprehension of compassion,
awareness of cultural differences, and care that is patient-focused, which will make me an effective
and trusted healthcare professional.

6. If you are given an opportunity to work in Community Health Nursing as a Public health
nurse, will you accept it, yes or no, and why??

If I were given the chance to serve as a public health nurse in community health setting I
will go without any hesitation. This is due to the fact that believe I am fo fit working within any
setting wether it is in a hsopital or in a community. No matter if I am in a hospital or a community
environment, my heart to be compassionate for people. So long as I am content with what I am
doing and can provide care to the I can handle it whether they are patients or joyful individuals.

Rizal Avenue Extension, Batangas City, Philippines +63 43 779 - 8400 loc. 1218

www.batstate-u.edu.ph oc.pb@g.batstate-u.edu.ph
 Pablo Borbon
Campus

I discovered from our experiences that It is rewarding to work as a public health nurse
beyond your duties as a community health nurse. Recognizing people's states of life and obtaining
insights into them. It is a fantastic career to work as a public health nurse in a local context.

Rizal Avenue Extension, Batangas City, Philippines +63 43 779 - 8400 loc. 1218

www.batstate-u.edu.ph oc.pb@g.batstate-u.edu.ph