Test Bank For Microbiology Principles and Explorations 10th Black

Test Bank for Microbiology Principles and Explorations 10th Black
Test Bank for Microbiology Principles and

Explorations 10th Black
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ons-10th-black/
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Package Title: Test Bank
Course Title: Black 10e
Chapter Number: 7
Question type: Multiple-Choice
1) Most bacteria reproduce by:
a) sexual reproduction
b) binary fission
c) budding
d) homologous recombination
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 7.1 Explain what is meant by "growth" when referring to microbes and
the ways in which it can be measured.
Section Reference 1: Section 7.1
2) The type of cell reproduction in which a small, new cell develops from the surface of an
existing cell and then separates from the parent cell is known as ________ and is the normal
mode of replication in _____ .
a) binary fission, bacteria
b) binary fission, yeast
c) budding, bacteria
d) budding, yeast
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
3) When a bacterial cell divides into two new cells, the new cells are called:
a) daughter cells
b) sister cells
c) son cells
d) father cells
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
4) Microbial growth:
a) refers to the increase in the size of a microbial cell.
b) refers to the increase in the frequency of cell division.
c) in a single generation time leads to double the cell size.
d) in a single generation time leads to double the number of microbes.
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
5) Which of the following is not one of the phases of bacterial growth?
a) Lag phase
b) Stationary phase
c) Doubling phase
d) Log phase
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
6) A bacterial population grows most rapidly during ________ phase.
a) lag
b) log
c) stationary
d) death
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
7) In the stationary phase of bacterial growth:
a) the number of newly generated cells is greater than the number of dying cells
b) the number of newly generated cells is less than the number of dying cells
c) the number of newly generated cells is the same as the number of dying cells
d) none of these
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
8) A bacterial culture can be kept in the log phase of growth indefinitely with the help of a/an:
a) incubator
b) chemostat
c) spectrophotometer
d) colony counter
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
9) Serial dilutions are used to:
a) slow down the growth of microbes
b) speed up the growth of microbes
c) obtain bacterial cultures at several different concentrations
d) form bacterial colonies
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy

10) Which of the following counting techniques does not differentiate between live and dead
bacterial cells in a culture?
a) Serial dilution
b) Spread plate
c) Pour plate
d) Direct microscopic count
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
11) Which of the following bacterial counting techniques relies on a statistical estimate to
determine the number of bacteria in a culture?
a) Serial dilution
b) Standard plate count
c) Spread plate
d) Most probable number

Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
12) Most bacteria:
a) exhibit synchronous growth under natural conditions
b) divide when a small new cell develops from the surface of an existing cell
c) do not immediately increase in number when placed in a culture
d) immediately begin to divide when placed in a culture
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium

13) Bacterial growth in colonies on agar plates _____.
a) have all phases of growth occurring simultaneously somewhere in the colony
b) most growth occurs at the center of the colony
c) involves budding of small new colonies from the surface of an existing colony
d) have lag phase cells in the center of the colony, surrounded by a ring of cells in exponential
phase
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
14) Turbidity in a bacterial culture can be measured using a/an:
a) incubator
b) colony county
c) spectrophotometer
d) chemostat
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
15) Acidophiles would be expected to grow best at a pH of _____.
a) 3
b) 6
c) 9
d) 12
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 7.2 Review the physical and nutritional factors that can influence
microbial growth.
16) An obligate psychrophile would produce a turbid culture at ________ degrees Celsius.
a) 15
b) 30
c) 45
d) 60
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
microbial growth.
17) Most human pathogens are _____.
a) psychrophiles
b) mesophiles
c) thermophiles
d) acidophiles
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
microbial growth.
18) Which of the following is most likely to have evolved to live in the deep layers of mud,
where there is a complete lack of free oxygen?
a) Obligate aerobe
b) Obligate anaerobe
c) Facultative anaerobe
d) Aerotolerant anaerobe
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
microbial growth.
19) Which type of cell will generally shift to aerobic metabolism when oxygen is available but
will carry on fermentation otherwise?
a) aerotolerant anaerobes
b) facultative anaerobes
c) obligate anaerobes
d) obligate aerobes
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
microbial growth.
20) Capnophiles grow best under conditions of _____.
a) high carbon dioxide
b) low carbon dioxide
c) high osmotic pressure
d) low osmotic pressure
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
microbial growth.
21) The toxic effects of the byproducts of oxygen metabolism are reduced by which of the
following?
a) Catalase
b) Superoxide dismutase
c) Lactase
d) Two of these
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
microbial growth.
22) Where would you expect to find a barophile?
a) At the bottom of the ocean
b) In unpasteurized milk
c) In the large intestine
d) In sewage
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
microbial growth.
23) When cells are placed in a hypertonic environment they will undergo ________ .
a) lysis
b) no change in size
c) swelling of the cell which is contained by the cell wall
d) plasmolysis
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
microbial growth.

24) Halophiles require an environment with a high concentration of ________ for optimal
growth.
a) sugar
b) alcohol
c) salt
d) phosphorous
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
microbial growth.
25) Organisms with special nutritional needs are said to be _____.
a) barophiles
b) fastidious
c) aerobes
d) none of these
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
microbial growth.
26) Which of the following is considered a trace element?
a) carbon
b) zinc
c) sulphur
d) phosphorous
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
microbial growth.

27) Starch would be broken down to maltose by which of the following exoenzymes?
a) gelatinase
b) amylase
c) caseinase
d) lipase
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
microbial growth.
28) Which of the following statements about bacterial growth is false?
a) Agar is used as a solidifying agent in some types of media.
b) Bacteria growing in a liquid culture will generate colonies.
c) A turbid culture is indicative of bacterial growth.
d) Each bacterium plated will represent a colony-forming unit.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
microbial growth.
29) Exoenzymes:
a) produced by gram positive rods act in the medium around the organism
b) are released by the golgi apparatus into the cytoplasm where they act
c) produced by gram negative rods act in the periplasmic space
d) two of these
Answer: d
Difficulty: Hard
microbial growth.
30) All of the following are ways microorganisms adapt to limited nutrients except:
a) synthesize increased amount of enzymes for uptake and metabolism of limited nutrients
b) form metabolically active highly resistant endospores
c) synthesize enzymes needed to use a different nutrient source
d) adjust the rate at which they metabolize nutrients
Answer: b
Difficulty: Hard
microbial growth.
31) Sporulation occurs in:
a) Clostridium
b) Staphylocoocus
c) Klebsiella
d) Citrobacter
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 7.3 Examine the process of endospore formation and the advantages it
provides to the bacteria capable of undergoing this process.
32) Endospores are:
a) metabolically active
b) reproductive structures
c) found mostly in Gram negative organisms
d) protective structures
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
33) Sporulation usually occurs in response to a/an _____.
a) decrease in the level of carbon or nitrogen

b) increase in temperature
c) decrease in the amount of water
d) increase in ultraviolet radiation
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
34) A decrease in the amount of nitrogen to a culture of Clostridium botulinum would induce
_____.
a) activation
b) germination
c) sporulation
d) outgrowth
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
35) Within a bacterial endospore, the spore is most closely surrounded by the _____.
a) spore membrane
b) cortex
c) cell membrane
d) spore coat
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
36) Which of the following does not contribute to endospore resistance to unfavorable
conditions?
a) Dipicolinic acid and calcium ions in the core
b) Cortex
c) Spore coat
d) Germination proper
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
37) Which of the following is not a stage in endospores returning to the vegetative state?
a) Traumatic agent such as low pH or heat damages the coat.
b) Outgrowth occurs in a medium with adequate nutrients.
c) Divisions of the endospores early in their development.
d) Water and nutrients penetrates damaged coat.
Answer: c
Difficulty: Hard

38) A culture that contains only a single species of organism is known as a _____.
a) pure culture
b) Koch culture
c) mixed culture
d) contaminated culture
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO7.4 Compare the various types and purposes of culture media such as
selective, enrichment, and differential media.
39) The streak plate method produces pure cultures by separating individual bacterial cells from
one another by _____.
a) dragging them across a solid surface
b) dispersing them in liquid media
c) killing off those cells that are not able to survive in hot agar
d) embedding some cells in the agar so that they are exposed to lower concentrations of oxygen
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
40) The pour plate method of isolating pure cultures _____.
a) relies on the fact that liquid agar will solidify as it cools
b) is useful for growing microaerophiles
c) results in some organisms growing embedded in the agar
d) all of these
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium

41) A growth medium consisting of only known amounts of water, magnesium, calcium
chloride, potassium and glucose would be considered:
a) a defined synthetic medium
b) a complex medium
c) a chemically nondefined medium
d) two of these
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
42) A growth medium consisting of only water, glucose and beef extract would be considered
_____.
a) a defined synthetic medium
b) a complex medium
c) a chemically defined medium
d) two of these
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
43) A media on which Gram positive organism turn green and Gram negative organisms turn
blue would be _____.
a) selective
b) differential
c) complex
d) enriched
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy

44) Sabourard’s agar has a low pH which encourages the growth of molds and discourages the
growth of bacteria. Sabourard’s agar could best be described as being:
a) selective
b) differential
c) complex
d) enriched
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
45) Bacteria that ferment lactose grow as red colonies on MacConkey’s agar while those that do
not ferment lactose are transparent. MacConkey’s agar can best be described as being:
a) selective
b) differential
c) complex
d) enriched
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
46) A candle jar would be used for growing:
a) Gram negative organisms
b) fastidious organisms
c) thermophiles
d) microaerophiles
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
47) A living, growing culture whose purpose is to maintain a pure culture of an organism
indefinitely is a _____.
a) colony
b) stock culture
c) sporulating culture
d) broth culture
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
48) Which of the following statements about liquid media and agar is false?
a) Both chocolate agar and blood agar contain blood.
b) Stock cultures are never directly used for laboratory studies.
c) A differential media will allow some bacteria to grow and stop the growth of others.
d) A selective media will suppress the growth of some microbes.
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
49) Microaerophiles:
a) grow best when the environment has a small amount of carbon dioxide.
b) grow best when the environment has a small amount of free oxygen.
c) need a high concentration of carbon dioxide.
d) need a high concentration of oxygen.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
50) Chocolate agar:

a) contains blood
b) is used exclusively for stock cultures
c) is nutrient poor
d) is a selective agar plate
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
51) ______ techniques must be strictly adhered to prevent the accidental contamination of stock
cultures.
a) Germination
b) Selective
c) Differential
d) Aseptic
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
52) Nonculturable organisms:
a) are rare.
b) can be identified based on their DNA.
c) can only be seen on selective agar plates.
d) have defined generation times.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium

53) During this phase, organisms produce large amounts of ATP.
a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
54) This phase decreases at a logarithmic rate.
a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
55) Microbes that live in this environment actively transport _____ out of their cells.
a) potassium
b) oxygen
Test Bank for Microbiology Principles and Explorations 10th Black
c) sodium
d) nitrogen
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
microbial growth.
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Test Bank for Microbiology Principles and

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Question type: Multiple-Choice

1) Most bacteria reproduce by:

Question type: Multiple-Choice

b) binary fission, yeast

Question type: Multiple-Choice

Question type: Multiple-Choice

a) refers to the increase in the size of a microbial cell.

b) refers to the increase in the frequency of cell division.

c) in a single generation time leads to double the cell size.

d) in a single generation time leads to double the number of microbes.

Question type: Multiple-Choice

5) Which of the following is not one of the phases of bacterial growth?

Question type: Multiple-Choice

6) A bacterial population grows most rapidly during ________ phase.

7) In the stationary phase of bacterial growth:

Question type: Multiple-Choice

Question type: Multiple-Choice

9) Serial dilutions are used to:

a) slow down the growth of microbes

b) speed up the growth of microbes

c) obtain bacterial cultures at several different concentrations

d) form bacterial colonies

Question type: Multiple-Choice

d) Direct microscopic count

Question type: Multiple-Choice

b) Standard plate count

d) Most probable number

Question type: Multiple-Choice

12) Most bacteria:

a) exhibit synchronous growth under natural conditions

c) do not immediately increase in number when placed in a culture

d) immediately begin to divide when placed in a culture

Question type: Multiple-Choice

a) have all phases of growth occurring simultaneously somewhere in the colony

b) most growth occurs at the center of the colony

Question type: Multiple-Choice

14) Turbidity in a bacterial culture can be measured using a/an:

Question type: Multiple-Choice

15) Acidophiles would be expected to grow best at a pH of _____.

Question type: Multiple-Choice

Question type: Multiple-Choice

17) Most human pathogens are _____.

Question type: Multiple-Choice

Question type: Multiple-Choice

Question type: Multiple-Choice

20) Capnophiles grow best under conditions of _____.

a) high carbon dioxide

b) low carbon dioxide

c) high osmotic pressure

d) low osmotic pressure

Question type: Multiple-Choice

22) Where would you expect to find a barophile?

a) At the bottom of the ocean

Question type: Multiple-Choice

c) swelling of the cell which is contained by the cell wall

Question type: Multiple-Choice

Question type: Multiple-Choice

25) Organisms with special nutritional needs are said to be _____.

Question type: Multiple-Choice