 ERGONOMICS

o It is the science of making the work environment fit to the worker.

o It is the scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of
interactions among humans and other elements of the system, and the
profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in
order to optimize human wellbeing and overall system performance.
o ITO AY ISANG DISIPLINA KUNG SAAN PINAG-AARALAN ANG
RELASYON OR INTERACTION NG TAO AT NG KANYANG WORKING
AREA. KASAMA RITO ANG PAG-AARAL AT PAGPAPLANO NG
ISANG WORKING SPACE NA LIGTAS AT SUITABLE SA MGA
EMPLOYEES MO.
o By understanding ergonomics, we can avoid work-related illness or
injuries in the workplace since anything that makes it more difficult
for employees to perform their job is likely to affect productivity of a
company.
o A mismatch between the physical requirements of the job and the
physical capacity of the worker can result in RSIs (repetitive stress
injuries) as well as other CTDs (cumulative trauma disorders.)
 SCOPE OF ERGONOMICS
1. DESIGN OF MAN-MACHINE SYSTEMS
 It is a system where, in relation to one or more computers, devices or
facilities, one or more workmen/human operate.
 ONE IS TO ONE. Ang designated na tao na gagamit ng machine is
ung required lang talagang gumamit nito. If it requires 2 person to
operate the machine, 2 employees should be designated in it, not 1 or
not 3. As well as sa facilities, dapat ang icacater lang ng working
facilities ay ung bilang lang ng capacity ng tao na kayang ihold nung
facility. Not too crowded.
2. DESIGN OF COMMON GOODS AND SERVICE SYSTEMS
 In the design of consumer products, ergonomics is applicable, starting
from the design of the tooth brush and other items such as dining set,
kitchen wares, table and shoes etc.
 Protective gears should also be provided to the employees such as
safety google, adverse weather and space clothing, gloves, crash
helmets, firefighting and industrial hazard protection and appliances.
 Kung gaano kaconcern ang company sa safety ng kanilang
products for the sake of their customers, they should do the
same when it comes to their employees.
3. DESIGN OF WORKING ENVIRONMENT
  The multiple factors related to ergonomics, such as human lighting
resistance emissions, noise hearing and ventilation should be taken
into account when designing a proper working environment for the
workforce/workers at work.
 The work area should be well-lighted, well-ventilated and safe
to all workers inside it.
CATEGORIES OF ERGONOMICS
1. PHYSICAL ERGONOMICS
 Working posture
 Manual handling
 Repetitive movements
 Musculoskeletal disorders
 Workplace layout and environment
2. PSYCHOLOGICAL ERGONOMICS – studies mental processes (perception,
cognition, memory, reasoning and emotions) and how people interact with
products, system and environments. This includes:
 Mental workload
 Attitudes
 Decision-making
 Stress
 Human-computer interaction
 Motivation
 Pleasure
 Cultural differences
 Human reliability
3. ORGANIZATIONAL ERGONOMICS – is about optimizing organizational
structures, policies, and processes of socio-technical systems. This includes:
 Communication
 Working time patterns
 Work design
 Co-operative work
 Staff resource management
 Quality management
 Organizational culture

ERGONOMIC RISK FACTORS

1. POSTURE – wrong posture can decrease or obstruct blood flow, stress joints
and it is susceptible to injury.
2. FORCE – gripping, pinching, pushing, pulling, and lifting objects place additional
force to body’s joint. It needs additional muscle exertion to increase these factors
that cause weakness and can lead to MSD when there is insufficient for rest and
recovery.
3. FREQUENCY – the capacity for injury to a joint is increased by the greater
frequency of uncomfortable postures and forces.