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Name: ________________________
Energy Stores and Changes
Mark Scheme Class: ________________________

Date: ________________________

Time: 76 minutes

Marks: 75 marks

Comments:

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Mark schemes
(a) gravity
1
accept weight for gravity
air resistance is insufficient
1

(b) (i) 800

allow 1 mark for correct substitution ie

provided no subsequent step

2

(ii) 2240 J
1

(c) (i) (vertical) height

accept (height of) stairs
1

(ii) a fast / short time (for a lighter student) may give the greatest power
accept time is a factor

or
a slow / long time (for a heavy student) may give the least power
fitness is insufficient
1
[6]

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(a) any two from:
2
• bungee rope may snap
• rope may extend too much
• student may land in the river
2

(b) gravitational potential

correct order only
1

kinetic
1

elastic potential
1

(c) ½ × 40 × 352
1

24 500 (J)
accept 25 000 (J) (2 significant figures)
1
allow 24 500 (J) with no working shown for 2 marks
[7]

(a) kinetic energy = 0.5 × mass × speed2

3
allow Ek = 1/2 mv2
1

(b) Ek = 0.5 × 0.058 × 52

1

Ek = 0.725 (J)
an answer of 0.725 (J) scores 2 marks
1

(c) 0.725 (J)

allow ecf from (b)
allow the same amount of Ek as at A
1

(d) gravitational potential energy = mass × gravitational field strength ×

height
allow Ep = mgh
1

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(e) 0.38 = 0.058 × 9.8 × h
1

h = 0.67 (m)
an answer that rounds to 0.67 scores 3 marks
1
[8]

(a) (i) kinetic (energy)

4
allow gravitational potential (energy) / gpe
movement is insufficient
1

(ii) dissipates into the surroundings

allow warms up the surroundings / air / motor
accept lost to the surroundings
accept lost as heat
ignore reference to sound
it is lost is insufficient
1

(b) energy (required) increases with load

accept positive correlation
do not accept (directly) proportional
1

further amplification eg increases slowly at first (or up to 4 / 5 N),

then increases rapidly
simply quoting figures is insufficient
an answer that only describes the shape
of the line gains no marks
1

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(c) (i) E=P×t

2880
accept £28.80 for all 3 marks
an answer £2880 gains 2 marks
allow 1 mark for obtaining 48 h or converting to kW
allow 2 marks for correct substitution
ie 4 × 48 × 15
note: this substitution may be shown as two steps
an answer 2 880 000 gains 2 marks
an answer £4.80 / 480 gains 2 marks
an answer of 192 (ie calculation of energy without subsequent
calculation of cost) gains 1 mark)
3

(ii) any sensible suggestion eg

conserves fossil fuels

less (fossil) fuels burned

less pollutant gas (produced)

accept a named pollutant gas

less greenhouse gas (produced)

saves energy is insufficient
1
[8]

(a) gravitational potential

5 1

kinetic
1

chemical
1

(b) flying drones may damage aircraft

or
falling drones may injure people
or
damage buildings / vehicles
allow any sensible suggestion of a hazard caused by a flying /
falling drone
1

(c) energy transferred = power × time

allow E = Pt
1

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(d) t = 25 × 60 = 1500 (s)
1

E = 65 × 1500
1

E = 97 500 (J)
an answer of 97 500 (J) scores 3 marks
allow 2 marks for an answer of 1625 (J)
1
[8]

(a) 13 500 (J)

6
allow 1 mark for correct substitution, ie 90 x 10 x 15 provided no
subsequent step shown
2

(b) 17
or

correctly calculated and answer given to 2 or 3 significant figures

accept 17.3
allow 2 marks for an answer with 4 or more significant figures, ie
17.32
or
allow 2 marks for correct substitution, ie 13 500/ their (a) = ½ x 90 x
v2
or
allow 1 mark for a statement or figures showing KE = GPE
3

(c) work is done

1

(against) friction (between the miner and slide)

accept ‘air resistance’ or ‘drag’ for friction
1

(due to the) slide not (being perfectly) smooth

accept miners clothing is rough

or

causing (kinetic) energy to be transferred as heat/internal energy of surroundings

accept lost/transformed for transferred
accept air for internal energy of surroundings
1
[8]

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(a)
7

if more than one line is drawn from a graph then all those lines are
wrong allow 1 mark for 1 correct line
2

(b) speed
1

(c) (i) 2.25

allow 1 mark for correct substitution i.e.

provided no subsequent step

2

(ii) the air resistance increases

1

(d) 2000 J
1

mass is half
or
kinetic energy depends on mass
do not accept weight for mass
1
[8]

(a) g.p.e. = mass × gravitational field strength × height

8
accept Ep = mgh
1

(b) Ep = 50 × 9.8 × 20
1

9800 (J)

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allow 9800 (J) with no working shown for 2 marks
answer may also be correctly calculated using W = Fs
ie allow W = 490 × 20 for 1 mark
or answer of 9800 (J) using this method for 2 marks
1

(c) 7840 (J)

allow ecf from ‘11.2’
1

(d) 7840 = ½ × 50 × v2
1

allow for this point

1

17.7(0875) (m / s)
1

18 (m / s)
allow ecf from ‘11.3’ correctly calculated for 3 marks
allow 18 (m / s) with no working for 2 marks
answer may also be correctly calculated using v2 – u2 = 2as
1

(e) extension = 35 (m) and conversion of 24.5 kJ to 24500 J

1

24 500 = ½ × k × 352
1

40
1
allow 40 with no working shown for 3 marks
an answer of ‘16.2’ gains 2 marks
[11]

(a) (i) decreases (to zero)

9 1

resultant force acts in opposite direction to motion

accept air resistance and weight for resultant force
accept resultant force acts downwards
do not accept air resistance increases
1

(ii) velocity includes direction

or
velocity is a vector (quantity)
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(b) (i) 3.6
allow 1 mark for correct substitution i.e.
½ × 0.05 × 122 provided no subsequent step
2

(ii) 3.6 or their (i)

1

(iii) 7.2
or
their (ii) ÷ 0.5 correctly calculated
allow 1 mark for correct substitution i.e.
3.6 or their (ii) = 0.05 × 10 × h
2

(iv) B
1

(c) range increases up to 45°

1

range decreases from 45°

the range is a maximum at 45° gains both marks
for any two angles that add up
to 90° the range is the same gains both marks
the range increases then decreases gains 1 mark
1
[11]

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