Test Bank For Prescotts Microbiology 10th Edition

Test Bank for Prescott’s Microbiology 10th Edition
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Chapter 07 - Microbial Growth
Chapter 07
Microbial Growth
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Media containing some ingredients of unknown chemical composition are called

__________ media.
A. undefined
B. complex
C. defined
D. synthetic
ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics.
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological methods.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 07.06.02 Distinguish defined (synthetic) media from complex media and the uses of liquid from solid growth media
Section: 07.06
Topic: Culturing Microorganisms
2. Agar is an excellent solidifying agent for microbiological media because

A. it is not degraded by most microorganisms.
B. solid agar remains solid until the temperature is raised to 90C, and liquid agar remains
liquid if the temperature is lowered to 45C.
C. it is not degraded by most microorganisms and solid agar remains solid until the
temperature is raised to 90C, and liquid agar remains liquid if the temperature is lowered to
45C are correct.
D. agar provides an excellent source of nutrition for a variety of different microorganisms.
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 07.06.03 List the characteristics of agar that make it a particularly useful solidifying agent
Section: 07.06
7-1
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McGraw-Hill Education.
3. For surface cultivation of microorganisms, a sulfated polymer called agar can be extracted
from __________ and added to liquid media in order to cause it to solidify.
A. bacteria
B. animal fat
C. algae
D. fungi
Learning Outcome: 07.06.03 List the characteristics of agar that make it a particularly useful solidifying agent
Section: 07.06
4. A growth medium that favors the growth of some microorganisms but inhibits the growth
of other microorganisms is a __________ medium.
A. selective
B. differential
C. selective and differential
D. neither selective nor differential
Learning Outcome: 07.06.04 Compare and contrast supportive (general purpose), enriched, selective, and differential media, listing
examples of each and describing how each is used
Section: 07.06
7-2
5. A growth medium that distinguishes among different groups of bacteria on the basis of
their biological characteristics is called a __________ medium.
A. selective
B. differential
C. enrichment
D. transport
Section: 07.06
6. Mannitol salt agar (MSA) only allows the growth of halophiles (salt-loving microbes);
nonhalophiles will not grow. Among the halophiles, mannitol fermenters will produce acid
that turns the pH indicator yellow; mannitol nonfermenters leave the medium red. Onto MSA
you inoculate a halophilic mannitol fermenter and a halophilic mannitol nonfermenter. In this
case, the medium is acting as (a) __________ medium(s).
A. selective
B. differential
D. enrichment
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Section: 07.06
7-3
7. Mannitol salt agar (MSA) only allows the growth of halophiles (salt-loving microbes).
Among the halophiles, mannitol fermenters release acid that turns the pH indicator yellow;
mannitol nonfermenters leave the medium red. Onto MSA you inoculate a halophilic mannitol
nonfermenter and a nonhalophilic mannitol nonfermenter. Here the medium acts as a
__________ medium.
A. selective
B. differential
D. enrichment
Section: 07.06
8. Mannitol salt agar (MSA) only allows the growth of halophiles (salt-loving microbes).
Among the halophiles, mannitol fermenters release acid that turns the pH indicator yellow;
mannitol nonfermenters leave the medium red. Onto MSA you inoculate a halophilic mannitol
fermenter, a nonhalophilic mannitol fermenter, and a halophilic mannitol nonfermenter. Thus,
the medium is acting as a __________ medium.
A. selective
B. differential
D. neither selective nor differential
Section: 07.06
7-4
9. Media in which all components and their concentration are known are called __________
media.
A. transport
B. defined
C. selective
D. enrichment
Section: 07.06
7-5
10. You would like to culture a bacterium that is growing in the lung of a human patient with
pneumonia. Which media would be of most use in culturing this organism?
A. Transport media
B. Mannitol salt agar
C. MacConkey's agar
D. Complex medium supplemented with whole blood
E. None of the choices are correct.
ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Microbial Systems
Learning Outcome: 07.06.01 Describe the importance of culturing microbes to the study of microorganisms
Section: 07.06
7-6
11. All fastidious microorganisms require which of the following for growth?
A. Oxygen
B. Temperatures near normal for the human body
C. Extra nutrients (such as whole blood)
D. Iron
Learning Outcome: 07.06.01 Describe the importance of culturing microbes to the study of microorganisms
Learning Outcome: 07.06.02 Distinguish defined (synthetic) media from complex media and the uses of liquid from solid growth media
Section: 07.06
True / False Questions
12. A given medium can be either selective or differential but not both.
FALSE
Section: 07.06
Topic: Microbial Growth
7-7
13. Blood agar is both a differential and enriched medium.

TRUE
Section: 07.06
Fill in the Blank Questions
14. Growth media that will support the growth of many different types of microorganisms are
called __________ __________ growth media, whereas those that are supplemented by blood
or other rich nutrient sources in order to support the growth of fastidious organisms are called
__________ media.
general purpose, enriched
Section: 07.06
7-8
15. Which of the following can be used to isolate pure cultures of bacteria from mixtures?
A. Spread plates
B. Streak plates
C. Pour plates
D. All of the choices are correct.
ASM Objective: 08.02 Use pure culture and selective techniques to enrich for and isolate microorganisms.
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Laboratory Skills
Learning Outcome: 07.06.06 Differentiate the streak-plate, spread-plate, and pour-plate methods for isolating pure cultures
Section: 07.06
16. Macroscopically visible growths or clusters of microorganisms on solid media are called
__________.
colonies
ASM Objective: 08.03 Use appropriate methods to identify microorganisms (media-based, molecular and serological).
Learning Outcome: 07.06.07 Use the terms commonly used by microbiologists to describe colony morphology
Section: 07.06
7-9
17. The size and shape of a colony is not useful for identification of a microorganism because
most microorganisms produce colonies that are indistinguishable from one another.
FALSE
ASM Objective: 08.03 Use appropriate methods to identify microorganisms (media-based, molecular and serological).
Section: 07.06
18. Colonies grow most rapidly at the __________ where oxygen and nutrients are readily
available; however, they grow less rapidly at the __________ where these materials have
been depleted.
edge, center
Section: 07.06
7-10
19. Serial dilutions can be used to estimate the total number of bacterial cells in a solution,
including living and dead cells.
FALSE
ASM Objective: 08.04 Estimate the number of microorganisms in a sample (using, for example, direct count, viable plate count and
spectrophotometric methods).
Learning Outcome: 07.08.01 Evaluate direct cell counts, viable counting methods, and cell mass measurements for determining population
size
Section: 07.08
20. Most bacterial and archaeal cells divide by

A. mitosis.
B. meiosis.
C. binary fission.
ASM Objective: 02.01 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field,
phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron).
ASM Objective: 06.02 Microorganisms provide essential models that give us fundamental knowledge about life processes.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Cell Structure and Function
ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms
Learning Outcome: 07.01.01 Describe binary fission as observed in bacteria and archaea
Section: 07.01
7-11
21. All bacterial and archaeal cells are diploid.

FALSE
Learning Outcome: 07.02.02 Summarize current models for chromosome partitioning
Section: 07.02
22. Which of the following is the correct order for binary fission?
A. A septum forms at midcell, the cell elongates, replicates its chromosome, and separates
the chromosome into the two parts of the cell.
B. The cell elongates, a septum forms at midcell, the cell replicates its chromosome, and
separates the chromosome into the two parts of the cell.
C. The cell elongates, replicates its chromosome, and separates the chromosome into the two
parts of the cell, and a septum forms at midcell.
D. None of the choices are correct.
Section: 07.01
7-12
23. The __________ is a group of proteins needed for DNA synthesis that assembles at the
origin of replication.
A. septum
B. replisome
C. prospore
ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of replication, transcription, and translation differ
in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow and Genetics
Learning Outcome: 07.02.01 Summarize the three phases in a typical bacterial cell cycle
Section: 07.02
24. The process of forming a cross wall between two daughter cells is known as
_______________.
A. replication
B. septation
C. sporulation
D. mitosis
Learning Outcome: 07.02.02 Summarize current models for chromosome partitioning
Learning Outcome: 07.02.03 State the functions of cytoskeletal proteins during cytokinesis and in determining cell shape
Section: 07.02
7-13
25. The cell wall of bacteria constrains the ___________ _________ that results from the
osmolarity of the cytoplasmic contents.
turgor pressure
ASM Objective: 02.03 Bacteria and Archaea have specialized structures (e.g. flagella, endospores, and pili) that often confer critical
capabilities.
Section: 07.02
26. The site at which replication of DNA starts in bacterial cells is known as the __________
of ___________.
origin, replication
capabilities.
Section: 07.02
27. The purpose of the penicillin binding proteins is to link phospholipids together in the
cellular membrane.
FALSE
ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics, immunity and phage infection.
Section: 07.02
7-14
28. The actin-like protein that seems to be involved in determining cell shape is
A. MreB.
B. ActA.
C. SpnC.
D. FtsZ.
ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics, immunity and phage infection.
capabilities.
Section: 07.02
29. During cytokinesis, a critical step in septation is the assembly of the

A. replisome.
B. spindle body.
C. Z ring.
D. cytoskeletal spiral.
Section: 07.02
30. The limitation on microbial growth rate at high nutrient levels is/are
A. the rate of protein synthesis.
B. the rate of DNA replication.
C. the saturation of the transport proteins for nutrient uptake.
ASM Objective: 03.02 The interactions of microorganisms among themselves and with their environment are determined by their metabolic
abilities (e.g., quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations).
Learning Outcome: 07.04.01 Use the terms that describe a microbe’s growth range or requirement for each of the factors that influence
microbial growth
Section: 07.04
Topic: Environmental Influences
7-15
31. The total number of viable microorganisms remains constant in stationary phase because
A. there is a balance between cell division and cell death.
B. there is a cessation of cell division even though the cells may remain metabolically active.
C. either there is a balance between cell division and cell death or there is a cessation of cell
division even though the cells may remain metabolically active.
Learning Outcome: 07.07.04 Correlate changes in nutrient concentrations in natural environments with the five phases of a microbial
growth curve
Learning Outcome: 07.07.05 Relate growth rate constant to generation (doubling) time and suggest how these values might be used by
microbiologists doing basic research or working in industrial settings
Section: 07.07
32. Cells may enter stationary phase because of

A. the depletion of an essential nutrient.
B. a lack of available oxygen.
C. the accumulation of toxic waste products.
Learning Outcome: 07.07.02 Describe three hypotheses proposed to account for the decline in cell numbers during the death phase of a
growth curve
growth curve
Section: 07.07
7-16
33. A culture in a closed vessel to which no additional medium is added and from which no
waste products are removed is called a __________ culture.
A. continuous
B. batch
C. fed-batch
D. semicontinuous
Learning Outcome: 07.09.01 Distinguish batch culture and continuous culture
Section: 07.09
34. Given a log phase bacterial culture with 1 x 106 cells per ml and a generation time of 30
minutes, how long does it take the culture to reach a density of 6.4  107 cells per ml?
A. 1 hour
B. 2 hours
C. 3 hours
D. 4 hours
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 07.07.01 Describe the five phases of a microbial growth curve observed when microbes are grown in a batch culture
Section: 07.07
7-17
35. Microorganisms are most nearly uniform in terms of chemical and physiological
properties during __________ phase.
A. lag
B. exponential
C. stationary
D. decline
Section: 07.07
36. Which of the following is a reason for the occurrence of a lag phase in a bacterial growth
curve?
A. The cells may be old and depleted of ATP, essential cofactors, and ribosomes that must be
synthesized before growth can begin.
B. The medium may be different from the previous growth medium so that the cells must
synthesize new enzymes to use different nutrients.
C. The organisms may have been injured and require time to recover.
D. All of these are potential reasons.
growth curve
Section: 07.07
7-18
37. When a young, vigorously growing culture of bacteria is transferred to fresh medium of
the same composition, the lag phase is usually short or absent.
TRUE
growth curve
Section: 07.07
38. During the lag phase of microbial growth, the cells are metabolically inactive.
FALSE
growth curve
Section: 07.07
Topic: Control of Microbial Growth
39. The length of the lag phase of growth can vary depending on
A. the condition of the microorganisms.
B. the nature of the growth medium.
C. the temperature.
growth curve
Section: 07.07
7-19
40. When a young, vigorously growing culture of bacteria is transferred to fresh medium of
different composition, the lag phase is usually short or absent.
FALSE
growth curve
Section: 07.07
41. The growth rate of a given species of microorganism is dependent on the composition of
the medium in which it is grown.
TRUE
growth curve
Section: 07.07
42. Microbial __________ is an increase in cell constituents that may or may not be
accompanied by an increase in cell number.
growth
Section: 07.01
7-20
43. The __________ __________ is the length of time it takes for a population of
microorganisms to double in number.
generation time
Section: 07.01
44. At 4:00 p.m. a closed flask of sterile broth is inoculated with 10,000 cells. The lag phase
lasts 1 hour. At 9:00 p.m. the culture enters stationary phase with a population of 65 million
cells. At what time is the population half maximal?
A. 6:30 p.m.
B. 7:20 p.m.
C. 8:20 p.m.
D. 8:40 p.m.
Section: 07.07
7-21
lasts 1 hour. At 9:00 p.m. the log phase culture has population of 65 million cells. The
approximate number of generations that has occurred is
A. 5.
B. 13.
C. 21.
D. 27.
Section: 07.07
46. Which of the following can be used to estimate the number of microorganisms in a
culture?
A. Direct counts of microbial cells
B. Counts of viable cells using colony growth procedures
C. Measurements of microbial biomass
size
Learning Outcome: 07.08.03 Design appropriate approaches for measuring the population size of different types of samples
Section: 07.08
7-22
47. Which of these methods can be used to determine the number of viable microorganisms in
a sample?
A. Light scattering in a spectrophotometer
B. Measuring total cell mass
C. Measuring colony forming units per ml
D. Counting a known volume of cells in a hemocytometer
size
Section: 07.08
lasts 1 hour. At 9:00 p.m. the log phase culture has a population of 65 million cells. The mean
generation time is approximately
A. 10 minutes.
B. 20 minutes.
C. 30 minutes.
D. 40 minutes.
Section: 07.07
7-23
49. A culture system with constant environmental conditions maintained through continual
provision of nutrient and removal of wastes is called __________ culture system.
A. continuous
B. batch
C. fed-batch
D. semicontinuous
Section: 07.09
50. An open system in which the growth rate is maintained by adding a nutrient (present in
limiting quantities) at the same rate that medium containing microorganisms is removed is
called a
A. manostat.
B. chemostat.
C. turbidostat.
D. culturostat.
Learning Outcome: 07.09.02 Differentiate chemostats and turbidostats
Learning Outcome: 07.09.03 Discuss the relationship between the dilution rate of a chemostat and population size and growth rate
Section: 07.09
7-24
51. An open system in which the growth rate is maintained by the removal and addition of
media at such a rate as to maintain a constant cell density is called a
A. manostat.
B. chemostat.
C. turbidostat.
D. culturostat.
Learning Outcome: 07.09.02 Differentiate chemostats and turbidostats
Section: 07.09
52. One of the major advantages of a continuous culture system is that the cells can be
maintained in the exponential growth phase for extended periods of time.
TRUE
Section: 07.09
7-25
53. In a continuous culture system, the rate at which media is added and removed is called the
__________ rate.
A. dilution
B. chemostatic
C. pass-through
D. flow-through
Learning Outcome: 07.09.03 Discuss the relationship between the dilution rate of a chemostat and population size and growth rate
Section: 07.09
54. Which of the following is considered a cardinal growth temperature?

A. The minimum temperature
B. The maximum temperature
C. The optimum temperature
D. All of these are considered cardinal growth temperatures.
microbial growth
Section: 07.04
7-26
55. Organisms that grow well at 0C and have optimum growth temperatures of 15C or
lower are called
A. psychrotrophs.
B. psychrophiles.
C. frigiphiles.
D. mesophiles.
microbial growth
Section: 07.04
56. Organisms that grow at 0C and have a maximum growth temperature of 35C are called
A. psychrotrophs.
B. psychrophiles.
C. frigiphiles.
D. mesophiles.
microbial growth
Section: 07.04
7-27
57. Organisms that do not require oxygen for growth but grow better in its presence are
called
A. facultative anaerobes.
B. microaerophiles.
C. aerotolerant.
D. anoxygenic.
Learning Outcome: 07.04.04 Describe the enzymes observed in microbes that protect them against toxic O2 products
Section: 07.04
58. Organisms that ignore oxygen and grow equally well in its presence or absence are called
B. microaerophiles.
C. aerotolerant.
D. anoxygenic.
Section: 07.04
7-28
59. Organisms that are damaged by the normal atmospheric levels of oxygen (20%) but
require oxygen at levels of 2–10% for growth are called
B. microaerophiles.
C. aerotolerant.
D. anoxygenic.
Section: 07.04
60. The membranes of psychrophilic bacteria have relatively high levels of __________ fatty
acids, which allow them to remain semifluid at cold temperatures.
A. saturated
B. unsaturated
C. sterol
D. aromatic
capabilities.
Learning Outcome: 07.04.02 Summarize the adaptations of extremophiles to their natural habitats
Section: 07.04
7-29
61. Organisms that are not drastically affected by increased pressure are called
A. barotolerant.
B. osmotolerant.
C. barophilic.
D. osmophilic.
capabilities.
microbial growth
Section: 07.04
62. Organisms that require increased pressure for optimum growth are called
A. barotolerant.
B. osmotolerant.
C. barophilic.
D. osmophilic.
capabilities.
ASM Objective: 05.01 Microorganisms are ubiquitous and live in diverse and dynamic ecosystems.
microbial growth
Section: 07.04
7-30
63. Most microorganisms maintain their internal pH

A. near neutral (pH 7).
B. near their optimum growth pH.
C. slightly acidic (pH 4–6).
D. slightly alkaline (pH 8–10).
ASM Objective: 05.03 Microorganisms and their environment interact with and modify each other.
Learning Outcome: 07.04.03 Summarize the strategies used by nonextremophiles to acclimate to changes in their environment
Section: 07.04
64. Organisms that grow near deep-sea volcanic vents are likely to be
A. psychrophilic.
B. psychrotrophic.
C. mesophilic.
D. thermophilic.
microbial growth
Section: 07.04
7-31
65. Organisms that grow near deep-sea volcanic vents are likely to be
A. alkylophilic.
B. acidophilic.
C. barophilic or barotolerant.
D. picrophilic.
microbial growth
Section: 07.04
66. Organisms that grow in the mud under relatively nonturbulent bodies of water are likely to
be
A. obligate aerobes.
B. thermophilic.
C. barophilic.
D. anaerobes.
microbial growth
Section: 07.04
7-32
67. Obligate anaerobes are usually poisoned by molecular oxygen but may grow in aerobic
habitats if associated with facultative anaerobes that use up all available oxygen.
TRUE
Section: 07.04
68. DNA of thermophiles is stabilized by binding of special nucleoid-associated proteins.

TRUE
capabilities.
ASM Objective: 03.01 Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic diversity (e.g. nitrogen fixation, methane
production, anoxygenic photosynthesis).
Section: 07.04
7-33
69. Membranes of some thermophilic Archaea are stabilized by ether linked phospholipids.
TRUE
capabilities.
Section: 07.04
70. Organisms that can grow in habitats with low water activity by maintaining a high internal
salt concentration are called __________ organisms.
osmotolerant
Section: 07.04
7-34
71. Organisms that require high levels of sodium chloride in order to grow are called
__________ organisms.
halophilic
microbial growth
Section: 07.04
72. Organisms that have their optimum growth pH between 0.0 and 5.5 are called
__________.
acidophiles
microbial growth
Section: 07.04
7-35
73. Membranes of thermophilic bacteria are stabilized by phospholipids with

A. fatty acids that tend to be more saturated.
B. fatty acids that have lower molecular weights.
C. fatty acids that have more double bonds.
capabilities.
Section: 07.04
__________.
neutrophiles
microbial growth
Section: 07.04
7-36
__________.
alkaliphiles
microbial growth
Section: 07.04
76. Organisms that grow best at pH levels above 10 are called __________ __________.
extreme alkaliphiles
microbial growth
Section: 07.04
77. Complex microbial communities that grow tightly adhered to surfaces are called
__________.
biofilms
ASM Objective: 05.02 Most bacteria in nature live in biofilm communities.

detrimental ways.
Learning Outcome: 07.05.03 Describe the formation of biofilms and summarize their importance in natural environments, industrial
settings, and medicine
Section: 07.05
7-37
78. Quorum sensing in Gram-positive bacteria generally involves the use of ____________ as
the external signaling molecules.
oligopeptides

detrimental ways.
Learning Outcome: 07.05.04 Define quorum sensing and provide examples of cellular processes regulated by quorum sensing
Section: 07.05
79. A common type of autoinducer found in gram-negative bacteria are acyl homoserine
lactones (AHL).
TRUE

detrimental ways.
Section: 07.05
7-38
80. A microbial environment containing high nutrient concentrations is called an oligotrophic

environment.
FALSE
Learning Outcome: 07.05.01 Discuss the mechanisms used by microbes to survive starvation
Section: 07.05
81. Quorum sensing

A. is a phenomenon in which bacteria monitor their own population density.
B. depends on the sensing of signal protein molecules.
C. plays an important role in formation of biofilms by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

detrimental ways.
Section: 07.05
7-39
82. Bacteria reproductive strategies include all of the following EXCEPT

A. binary fission.
B. budding.
C. multiple fission.
D. formation of mutinucleoid filaments that break apart into uninucleate spores.
E. fusion of two bacterial cells that then split into four uninucleate cells.
Learning Outcome: 07.01.02 Compare other reproductive strategies used by bacteria with binary fission
Section: 07.01
83. How is budding of bacteria to produce daughter cells different from binary fission?
A. The chromosome does not need to be replicated.
B. The cytoplasmic division is unequal.
C. The bud doesn’t receive any DNA.
D. A septum must form during budding.
Learning Outcome: 07.01.02 Compare other reproductive strategies used by bacteria with binary fission
Section: 07.01
84. How is the cell cycle of Sulfolobus spp. similar to that of eukaryotes?
A. Sulfolobus has microtubules composed of a tubulin homolog that separate the
chromosomes.
B. Sulfolobus demonstrates prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
C. A centrosome is apparent in Sulfolobus during G2.
D. The cytokinesis process in Sulfolobus is similar to the process in eukaryotes.
Learning Outcome: 07.03.01 Compare and contrast the Sulfolobus spp. cell cycle and the typical eukaryotic cell cycle
Section: 07.03
7-40
85. The process of segregating the daughter chromosomes in Sulfolobus is more similar to the
process in eukaryotic cells than in bacterial cells.
FALSE
ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa and algae) carry out some of the same processes as
bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different.
Learning Outcome: 07.03.01 Compare and contrast the Sulfolobus spp. cell cycle and the typical eukaryotic cell cycle
Section: 07.03
86. Which of the following is most similar between the cell cycle process of Sulfolobus and
that of bacteria?
A. The segregation of the chromosomes
B. The cytokinesis process
C. The timing of events during G1, S, and G2
Learning Outcome: 07.03.02 Compare and contrast the Sulfolobus spp. cell cycle and a bacterial cell cycle
Section: 07.03
7-41
87. During the cell division process, Sulfolobus segregates its chromosomes in a manner
similar to bacteria, and performs cytokinesis in a manner similar to that of eukaryotes.
TRUE
ASM Objective: 02.04 While microscopic eukaryotes (for example, fungi, protozoa and algae) carry out some of the same processes as
bacteria, many of the cellular properties are fundamentally different.
Learning Outcome: 07.03.02 Compare and contrast the Sulfolobus spp. cell cycle and a bacterial cell cycle
Section: 07.03
88. There doesn’t appear to be much diversity in the cell cycle processes of the Archaea, and
Sulfolobus serves as an excellent model for all other Archaea.
FALSE
Learning Outcome: 07.03.03 Identify the evidence suggesting that the Sulfolobus spp. cell cycle may not be universal among archaea
Section: 07.03
89. Unlike Sulfolobus, some Archaea use ___________ protein(s) to accomplish cytokinesis.
A. Tubulin
B. Seg A and Seg B
C. CdvA, CdvB, and CdvC
D. FtsZ
capabilities.
Learning Outcome: 07.03.03 Identify the evidence suggesting that the Sulfolobus spp. cell cycle may not be universal among archaea
Section: 07.03
7-42
90. Which of the following strategies enable non-acidophilic bacteria to endure lower pH
environments?
A. Presence of internal buffers
B. Proton pumps that pump H+ out of the cell
C. Synthesis of acid shock proteins that protect other cellular proteins
Section: 07.04
91. Which of the following do airborne microorganisms and microorganisms on light-

exposed surfaces use to protect themselves from photooxidation?
A. Catalase enzymes
B. Peroxidase enzymes
C. Carotenoid pigments
D. Superoxide dismutase
Section: 07.04
7-43
92. Most microorganisms live in eutrophic environments.

FALSE
Section: 07.05
93. Which of the following proteins is central to starvation survival strategies in many
bacteria?
A. Fts Z
B. RpoS
C. Superoxide dismutase
D. ATPase
Section: 07.05
94. Which type of lifestyle is demonstrated by bacteria in biofilms?

A. Planktonic
B. Photoautotrophic
C. Parasitic
D. Sessile

Learning Outcome: 07.05.02 Distinguish sessile and planktonic microbial life styles
Section: 07.05
7-44
95. Bacteria that live attached to surfaces are described as ___________, whereas bacteria
that are free-living, floating with a fluid environment are described as _________.
sessile; planktonic

Learning Outcome: 07.05.02 Distinguish sessile and planktonic microbial life styles
Section: 07.05
Ranking Questions
96. Place the steps of biofilm formation in the correct order.

1 Surface (substratum) is preconditioned by environmental molecules.
3 Quorum sensing and the establishment of the extracellular matrix commences as microbes
attach more stably.
4 Biofilm matures and some microorganisms escape to the planktonic state.
2 Microbes attach and detach from the preconditioned surface.

Section: 07.05
7-45
97. What is the result of successful communication between rhizobia and their plant hosts?
A. Rhizobia consume the plant tissue as an energy and carbon source, causing disease in the
plant.
B. The plant consumes rhizobiaas an energy source and carbon, destroying the invading
bacteria.
C. The rhizobia invade the plant root and begin to fix nitrogen with the assistance of the
plant.
D. The plant supplies organic forms of nitrogen to the rhizobia.
detrimental ways.
Learning Outcome: 07.05.05 Discuss in general terms the communication that occurs between rhizobia and their plant hosts
Section: 07.05
98. While establishing a symbiotic relationship, plant hosts communicate with bacteria via
secretion of flavonoids and bacteria release Nod factors to communicate with the plant.
TRUE
detrimental ways.
Learning Outcome: 07.05.05 Discuss in general terms the communication that occurs between rhizobia and their plant hosts
Section: 07.05
7-46
99. A culture technique that encourages the growth of specific microbes while inhibiting the
growth of others is a(n) __________ culture.
enrichment
Learning Outcome: 07.06.05 Discuss the use of enrichment cultures in isolating microbes
Section: 07.06
100. A microbiologist is trying to isolate a pathogen expected to be present in very small

numbers from a stool specimen in which there are abundant normal microbiota. Which
strategy would most likely accomplish this purpose?
A. Culture on enriched media
B. Enrichment culture followed by culture on selective agar
C. Culture on differential media
D. Culture in an anaerobe jar
Learning Outcome: 07.06.05 Discuss the use of enrichment cultures in isolating microbes
Section: 07.06
7-47
101. What method was used to inoculate the plate shown here?
CDC
A. Pour plate
B. Spread plate
C. Streak plate
D. Swab plate
Section: 07.06
7-48
102. All of the colonies form on the surface of a spread plate, whereas on a pour plate,
colonies may be embedded in the agar as well as on the surface.
TRUE
Section: 07.06
103. All of the following are characteristics of spread plates EXCEPT

A. colonies that grow on the surface of the agar.
B. specimens that are typically diluted prior to inoculation of a spread plate.
C. spread plates that readily grow anaerobic bacteria.
D. spread plates that are typically inoculated with a bent glass rod.
Section: 07.06
7-49
104. Which of the following are a reason(s) for the decline in cell numbers during the death
phase?
A. Depletion of nutrients
B. Accumulation of toxic waste materials
C. Depletion of O2
ASM Objective: 07.01b Ability to apply the process of science: Analyze and interpret results from a variety of microbiological methods and
apply these methods to analogous situations.
ASM Topic: Module 07 Scientific Thinking
growth curve
Section: 07.07
105. One hypothesis about the decline in cell numbers during death phase is that the cells
aren’t all dying but instead remain alive but unable to grow when cultured, at least
temporarily. These are known as
A. viable but nonculturable cells.
B. ghost cells.
C. death phase cells.
D. programmed death cells.
growth curve
Section: 07.07
7-50
106. Which of the following might be missed if viable counts are done on food and/or water
specimens?
A. Endospores
B. Aerobic bacteria
C. Viable but nonculturable cells
D. Pathogenic bacteria
Learning Outcome: 07.07.03 Predict how the presence of viable but nonculturable cells in food or water systems might impact public health
Section: 07.07
107. Which of the following methods could be used to detect the presence of viable but
nonculturable cells of a pathogen in a water or food specimen?
A. Culture on enriched agar
B. Use of enrichment techniques
C. Polymerase chain reaction
D. Culture on selective agar
Learning Outcome: 07.07.03 Predict how the presence of viable but nonculturable cells in food or water systems might impact public health
Section: 07.07
7-51
108. When counting colonies during viable cell counts, the results are expressed as ________
________ _______ because it is impossible to determine that each colony arose from a single
cell.
colony forming units
Learning Outcome: 07.08.02 Explain why plate count results are expressed in terms of colony forming units (CFU)
Section: 07.08
109. Which of the following may form one colony?

A. A single bacterial cell
B. A short chain of bacteria
C. A small clump of bacteria
Learning Outcome: 07.08.02 Explain why plate count results are expressed in terms of colony forming units (CFU)
Section: 07.08
7-52
110. A microbiologist is testing the drinking water for a municipality. What would be the
best method for testing the purified water?
A. Viable plate count
B. Measurement of microbial mass
C. Direct microscopic count
D. Membrane filtration
Section: 07.08
111. A microbiologist is studying the growth of a particular strain of bacteria to determine

when it will transition from exponential growth to stationary phase and from stationary phase
to death phase. Which of the following methods of measuring microbial growth would be best
for this purpose?
A. Direct microscopic count
B. Determining dry weight of microbes
C. Turbidimetric measurements using a spectrophotometer
D. Viable plate count
Section: 07.08
7-53
112. A microbiologist is attempting to determine the size of a microbial population and has
employed several methods. She noticed that the direct count she obtained using a counting
chamber and microscope was much higher than her estimate from doing a viable plate count.
This discrepancy was encountered during multiple trials. What is the most likely reason for
the discrepancy?
A. She counted incorrectly.
B. She did not correctly do the serial dilutions prior to the viable plate count.
C. Many of the organisms viewed during the direct count may be dead.
D. The medium and growth conditions used for the viable count will not support the growth
of the organisms.
E. The organisms were not readily cultured on the viable count, either because many were
dead or because the medium and growth conditions used for the viable count will not support
the growth of the microorganism.
Section: 07.08
7-54
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Multiple Choice Questions

1. Media containing some ingredients of unknown chemical composition are called

2. Agar is an excellent solidifying agent for microbiological media because

B. Mannitol salt agar

E. None of the choices are correct.

B. Temperatures near normal for the human body

C. Extra nutrients (such as whole blood)

True / False Questions

13. Blood agar is both a differential and enriched medium.

Fill in the Blank Questions

Multiple Choice Questions

D. All of the choices are correct.

Fill in the Blank Questions

True / False Questions

Fill in the Blank Questions

True / False Questions

Multiple Choice Questions

20. Most bacterial and archaeal cells divide by

D. All of the choices are correct.

True / False Questions

21. All bacterial and archaeal cells are diploid.

Multiple Choice Questions

D. None of the choices are correct.

Fill in the Blank Questions

True / False Questions

Multiple Choice Questions

29. During cytokinesis, a critical step in septation is the assembly of the

32. Cells may enter stationary phase because of

True / False Questions

Multiple Choice Questions

True / False Questions

Fill in the Blank Questions

Multiple Choice Questions

B. Counts of viable cells using colony growth procedures

C. Measurements of microbial biomass

D. All of the choices are correct.

B. Measuring total cell mass

C. Measuring colony forming units per ml

D. Counting a known volume of cells in a hemocytometer

True / False Questions

Multiple Choice Questions

54. Which of the following is considered a cardinal growth temperature?

B. The maximum temperature

C. The optimum temperature

D. All of these are considered cardinal growth temperatures.

63. Most microorganisms maintain their internal pH

True / False Questions

68. DNA of thermophiles is stabilized by binding of special nucleoid-associated proteins.

Fill in the Blank Questions

Multiple Choice Questions

73. Membranes of thermophilic bacteria are stabilized by phospholipids with

Fill in the Blank Questions

ASM Objective: 05.02 Most bacteria in nature live in biofilm communities.

ASM Objective: 05.02 Most bacteria in nature live in biofilm communities.

True / False Questions

ASM Objective: 05.02 Most bacteria in nature live in biofilm communities.

80. A microbial environment containing high nutrient concentrations is called an oligotrophic

Multiple Choice Questions

81. Quorum sensing

Test Bank for Prescott’s Microbiology 10th Edition