PGS. TS.
ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
P
paint system
P (a) (gear selector) = PARK: Tay số
P (đậu) (hộp số tự động)
(b) letter on the sidewall of a tyre
denoting the maximum speed for
which it is designed (150km/h or
95mph): Ký tự trên vỏ xe chỉ tốc
độ tối đa 150km/h.
p/a (short for) POWER-ASSISTED:
Trợ lực
packed glandn.(pump) Cylindrical
recess that accommodates a number
of rings of packing around the shaft
or shaft sleeve: Rãnh đặt bạc trên
trục (bơm)
(NOTE: also called stuffing box)
pad (short for) BRAKE PAD: Má
phanh.
pad retainer (pin) n. pin which locates
the brake pad in a disc brake: Chốt
giữ má phanh (phanh).
pagoda (-style) roof n. unusual roof
design, introduced on the Mercedes-
Benz SL Hardtop, which was
slightly lower in the centre than at
the sides: Mui xe kiểu tháp.
paint 1 n. any pigmented liquid,
liquefiable, or mastic composition
designed for application to a
substrate on a thin layer which is
converted to a solid film after
application: Sơn
2 v. In an automotive context,
painting usually means spray
painting: Phun sơn
 paint booth n. closed section in
a painting line in which coats of
paint are applied: Phòng sơn.
 paint chip book n. = COLOUR
CHART: Biểu đồ màu (sơn)
 paint colour matching n.
determining the correct paint shade
with the aid of colour charts and
special mixing devices and, in
difficult cases, via spectral analysis:
Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô
253 panoramic
paint
windscreen
stripper
Pp
Sự chọn màu sơn cho phù hợp khi
sơn dặm.
 painting line n. route taken (and
processes undergone) by the
bodywork of a newly manufactured
vehicle on its way through the paint
shop: Dây chuyền sơn
painting robot n. robot used for paint
application: Người máy được dùng
cho việc sơn.
 paint refinishing n. the various
steps involved in repainting a
secondhand car: Các bước khi sơn
lại xe cũ.
paint shop n. (a) production stage in
an automobile manufacturing plant
during which the bodywork is
treated with paint: Phân xưởng sơn
(b) separate paint repair shop,
usually near a body repair shop (i.e.
for damaged vehicles): Phòng sơn
 paint stripper n. liquid paint
remover: Thiết bị cạo bỏ sơn
 paint system n. the sum of all
coats of paint on a work: Các lớp
sơn
 paintwork n. overall result of
painting; the paint coating or finish:
Sơn
PAIR system n. = PULSE AIR
SYSTEM: Hệ thống dùng rung
động khí thải để nạp không khí
vào đường thải
palladium n. white, ductile, malleable,
noble metal of the platinum family;
atomic number 46, atomic weight
106.4: resembles platinum and
together with other platinum metals
is used as a catalyst in automotive
exhaust converters: Palađi (hóa
học)
pane n. sheet of a window glass: Tấm
kính.

pantechnicon
panel n. (a) part made from sheet
metal; e.g. door panel: Bảng, tấm
(thép)
(b) plastic moulding; e.g. interior
trim of doors: Khung nhựa
 panel beater n. (a) person who
beats out the dented bodywork of a
damaged vehicle (b) = PANEL
HAMMER: Thợ đồng.
 panel beating n. beating out the
dents in damaged bodywork: Gò
thùng xe.
 panel bonding n. new repair
process using a special adhesive to
glue body panels in place instead of
spot-welding them: Phương pháp
mới sửa thùng xe bằng dùng chất
keo đặt biệt để dán.
panel cutter n. air-operated tool used
to cut out old panels: Máy cắt
khung cũ (làm đồng)
 panel flanger n. = JOGGLER:
Máy gấp tấm.
 panel hammer n. special
hammer for metalworking that has
two differently-shaped heads for
different purpose, e.g. cross-peen
and shrinking hammer: Búa gò
thân xe
 panelling n. (a) a combination of
separate sheet metal panels to form
a complete assembly, e.g. the outer
panels of the body or even the
panels surrounding the engine: Tổ
hợp khung vỏ xe.
(b) plastic moulding; e.g. interior
trim of doors: Khung nhựa (gắn
tableau)
 panel picking n. straightening
very fine indentations or marks of
very small diameter on a panel
surface with a pick hammer: Gò
tinh
panel puller n. tool with slide hammer
and hook or self-threading screw tip
to pull dented doors, wings and
other sheet metal panels back into
place: Dụng cụ kéo khung vỏ.
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PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
254 park
(NOTE: US English is knocker)
Panhard rod n. transversely mounted
bar between a beam axle and the
vehicle body as a lateral location of
the axle: Thanh xoắn Panhard.
 Panhard rod mounting box =
box section used to mount the
Panhard rod of the rear axle: Giá
lắp thanh xoắn Panhard.
panoramic windscreen n. a
windscreen style popular in the
1950s and’60s that featured
recessed screen pillars, giving a
wide, unobstructed view of the
road; entry for the front passengers
was awkward, since the screen
pillar corners projected into the door
opening: Kính xe nhìn được bao
quát.
pantechnicon n. large van or lorry,
especially one for moving furniture:
Xe vận tải lớn để chuyên chở đồ
gỗ.
parabolic reflector n. old headlight
reflector in the shape of a parabola,
now replaced by ellipsoidal
reflectors: Gương phản xạ đèn
pha có dạng parabôn
 parabolic spring n. leaf spring
tapered in the shape of a parabola:
Lá nhíp dạng đường parabôn
paraffin n. in automotive applications,
used as a solvent for removing
grease: Dầu lửa
(NOTE: US English is kerosene)
parallel 1 a. the same distance apart
at every point: Song song
2 n. two or more electrical
components each receiving the
same voltage: Thiết bị điện mắc
song song .
3 v. to connect in parallel: Nối
song song
 parallel action locking pliers n.
locking pliers with parallel action
jaws, e.g. for pinching off hoses
when servicing cooling systems:
Kìm khóa miệng song song.

parking brake
 parallel circuit n. electric circuit
in which the individual components
are connected between two points,
with one of the two ends of each
component connected to each point;
arrangement used in the vehicle
electrical system: Mạch điện song
song
 parallelism n. (of brake discs)
same thickness all the way round:
sự mòn đều đĩa phanh
 parallel key n. = FEATHER
KEY: Chìa khóa miệng
 parallelogram steering (system)
n. steering system with a drop arm
and idler arm: Hệ thống lái hình
bình hành .
 parallelogram suspension n. =
DOUBLE WISHBONE
SUSPENSION: Hệ thống treo
hình bình hành.
 parallel trailing link suspension
n. front suspension layout used
primarily by Volkswagen on rear-
engined cars: Hệ thống treo trước
với các đòn kéo song song.
parallel twin n. type of engine usually
found on traditional British two-
cylinder motorcycles: loại động cơ
hai xy lanh của Anh dùng cho xe
gắn máy.
parallel valves n. inlet and exhaust
valves with parallel valves stems:
Các sú páp đặt song song (hút và
thải)
parent panel n. the panel left in place
on the car to which a new panel is
welded after all the rusted metal has
been cut out: Phần còn lại của
khung mục khi làm đồng.
park (P) 1 n. one of the positions of
the gear selector for an automatic
gearbox; when engaged (after the
vehicle has come to a complete
standstill) the driving wheels are
locked: Tay số đậu.
2 v. to leave a vehicle in a
particular place: Đỗ xe.
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PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
255 partial respray
 parking brake n. mechanically
operated brake that is independent
of the foot-operated service brakes
on the vehicle; set when the vehicle
is parked, usually by hand
(handbrake) but sometimes by foot
on some American cars: Phanh
(phanh) tay.
 parking brake console =
reinforcing member incorporated in
the centre tunnel area of the floorpan
to provide the mounting support for
the handbrake: Giá đỡ cần kéo
phanh tay.
 parking brake lever = (inside
drum brake) lever which spreads the
brake shoes outward; the long end is
connected to the parking brake shoe
and to a push bar which acts on the
other shoe : Cần đẩy guốc phanh.
 parking brake lever strut =
push bar between the shoes in a
drum brake: Thanh đẩy guốc
phanh.
 parking brake pedal = foot-
operated pedal for the parking
brake: Bàn đạp phanh tay.
 parking disc n. marker
displayed on the inside of a parked
car showing time of arrival (of latest
permitted time of departure): Bảng
thông báo thời gian đỗ xe.
parking heater n. air heating system
which operates independently of the
engine: Hệ thống sưởi nóng hoạt
động độc lập với động cơ.
 parking interlock n. =
PARKING LOCK: Cơ cấu khóa ở
tay số đậu
 parking light/ lamp n. energy-
saving vehicle illumination mode
for longterm roadside parking;
includes only one front sidelight and
one taillight; the parking light can
be switched to illuminate the LH or
RH side: Đèn đỗ xe.
 parking lock (PL) n. block gear
and pawl that lock the transmission

particulate catalyst
mechanically: Cơ cấu khóa ở tay
số đậu.
 parking lot n. US (ground level,
outdoor) car park: Bãi đậu xe.
 parking meter n. coin-operated
timing device that indicates how
long a vehicle may legally remain
parked: Thiết bị báo thời gian có
thể đỗ xe.
 parking space n. parking place
reserved for a particular vehicle:
Nơi đỗ
 parking ticket n. written fine for
a parking offence: Phiếu phạt đỗ
xe không đúng chỗ.
 park/ neutral safety switch n. =
STARTER INHIBITOR SWITCH:
Công tắc an toàn khởi động.
part n. component: Thành phần,
phần, phụ tùng.
partial flow filter n. = BYPASS
FILTER: Bộ lọc mạch rẽ.
 partial respray n. respraying
part of the bodywork: Sự sơn lại
một phần thân xe.
(NOTE: opposite is full or
complete respray)
particulate catalyst n. pellet catalyst:
chất xúc tác dạng hạt.
 particulate emission n.
emission of solid particles of
carbon and unburnt hydrocarbons
from the exhaust system: Hạt muội
than trong khí thải.
 particulate emission limit =
weight of particulate emissions in
the exhaust of diesel engines,
specified in grams per mile: Sự giới
hạn lượng hạt muội than trong
khí thải.
 particulate ignition
temperature n. in diesel filtration
tests, the exhaust gas temperature at
which there is an equilibrium
between particulate burn-off and
deposit build-up: Nhiệt độ của khí
thải giữa điểm tự làm sạch và
điểm kết muội.
Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô
PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
256 passenger-side air bag
particulate matter (PM) or
particulates n. suspended solids of
carbon and unburnt hydrocarbons
from the exhaust system: Than
đóng lại trên pô
part-load operation n. operation of
systems and components under
conditions below full load: Sự hoạt
động với một phần tải.
part out v. US to break up for spares:
Rã xe lấy phụ tùng
part panel n. = PATCH PANEL:
Miếng đắp (làm đồng)
parts catalogue n. catalogue listing
available spare parts: Danh mục
phụ tùng.
part(s) number (p/n, PN) n. reference
number attributed to particular part:
Mã số phụ tùng
part-throttle operation n. driving
without using full throttle: chạy với
cánh bướm ga mở một phần.
part-time four-wheel drive n.
manually selectable four-wheel
drive: Chọn dẫn động bốn bánh
bằng tay.
PAS = POWER-ASSISTED
STEERING: Hệ thống lái có trợ
lực
pascal (Pa) n. SI measurement of
pressure (= ten newton per square
centimeter): Đơn vị đo áp suất
pass v. to overtake: Vượt
passenger car n. (usually) four-
wheeled motor car powered by an
IC engine and designed for
passengers: Xe du lịch, xe con
 passenger car wheel =
generally one-piece wheels made of
sheet steel (rim and disc are welded
together) or light-alloy (cast or
forged alloy wheels), and designed
for tubeless tyres: Bánh xe liền
khối.
passenger compartment or passenger
cell n. part of the car in which the
driver and passengers sit: Khoang
hành khách.

passivate
pedal free play
 passenger-side air bag n. an air
bag restraint system designed to
protect the front passenger;
introduced on some cars in the early
1990s, it usually occupies the space
normally provided for a glove
compartment: Túi khí dành cho
hành khách.
passivate v. to reduce the reactivity of a
chemically active metal surface by
electrochemical polarization or by
immersion in a passivating solution:
Làm thụ động hóa, làm chậm
phản ứng (ăn mòn).
passive safety n. features designed to
alleviate the consequences of a
crash, such as air bags, collapsible
steering column, head restraints,
toughened windscreen, etc.: Sự an
toàn thụ động.
(NOTE: opposite is active safety)
patching n. repair method for welding
up local corrosion damage by using
smaller panels made up from sheet
metal: Sự đắp vá (hàn thân xe)
 patch panel n. small sheet
metal panel that is usually made up
specially to repair minor rust holes:
Miếng vá, tấm ráp nối.
pattern panel n. body panel made by
somebody other than the original
manufacturer, usually for repair
purposes; this also includes panels
remanufactured after the spare parts
supplies from the factory have been
discontinued: Tấm thùng xe tự gò.
pawl n. (a) an arm pivoted so that its
free end can fit into a notch, slot, or
groove at certain times in order to
hold a part stationary (b) catch at
the bottom of a lever which
connects with a toothed rack to hold
the lever in position (e.g. with a
handbrake lever or in ratchets):
Móc gài, con cóc,chốt chặn.
payload n. the revenue-earning cargo
of a commercial vehicle or the
weight of the cargo: Trọng tải.
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PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
257 performance handling
pedal clearance
system
PB = POWER BRAKES: Trợ lực
phanh (phanh).
PC = PITCH CIRCLE,
POLYCARBONATE
pcb = PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD:
Bảng mạch in.
PCD = PITCH CIRCLE DIAMETER
PCI = PROGRAMME COMPARISON
AND IDENTIFICATION: Chương
trình so sánh và nhận dạng.
PCV = POSITIVE CRANKCASE
VENTILATION: Thông khí hộp
các te.
PCV valve = usually located on the
cylinder head cover, this valve
allows a certain amount of
crankcase blow-by gases to be
metered into the intake system for
burning: Van thông khí hộp các
te.
PE = POLYETHYLENE,
POLYELLIP-SOIDAL
peak power n. point of maximum
torque: Mo ment cực đại.
 peak revs n. point of maximum
engine speed: Số vòng quay tối
đa.
 peaky a. (of an engine) only able
to deliver useful power at high revs,
necessitating frequent gearchanges:
Xe chạy ở tốc độ quá cao cần thiết
phải chuyển số
pedal n. foot-operated lever: Bàn
đạp.
 pedal clearance = the distance
between the pedal and the floor,
when the pedal is fully depressed;
reference points may vary: Khoảng
hở bàn đạp.
 pedal free play = the distance a
pedal moves until a slight
resistance is felt / pedal pulsation
= vibration of the brake pedal when
depressed, caused by a defective
disc or drum (or when ABS is
activated): Sự rung động của bàn
đạp phanh (phanh ABS).

performance tuning
 pedals = the accelerator pedal,
brake pedal and clutch pedal: Các
bàn đạp.
 pedal travel = the total stroke
of a pedal: Hành trình tự do của
bàn đạp.
peen n. ball-shaped, or narrow wedge-
shaped end of a hammer head
opposite the flattened striking face:
Đầu mũi búa.
 peen hammer = body hammer
with a peen of triangular section
with a fairly sharply shaped end:
Búa đầu tam giác.
 peening n. flattening or shaping
with a peen hammer: Sự gò bằng
búa.
PE headlight n. headlight with a gas
discharge lamp and a poly-
ellipsoidal reflector: đèn đầu với
bóng cao áp và choá hình
polyellipsoid
pein n. = PEEN: Đầu mũi búa
pellet-type catalytic converter n. the
first type of automotive catalytic
converter, introduced in the USA in
1975: Bộ xúc tác loại hạt.
pencil-type glow plug n. = thiện tính năng xe.
SHEATHED-TYPE GLOW PLUG:
Bougie xông máy loại ống.
pendulum impact test n. the standard
test methods are the Izod and
Charpy test; the specimens have a
standard notch machined in them,
and the impact energy absorbed in
breaking the specimen is recorded:
Sự kiểm tra độ cứng bằng con lắc.
penetrating oil n. thin oil used to
loosen corroded parts: Dầu nới
lỏng những phần bị ăn mòn.
pent crown piston n. piston design
with a sloping, pent-roof shaped
piston crown to improve the flow of
the fuel/ air mixture and to increase
engine compression: Piston đầu
vát nghiêng.
 pent-roof combustion chamber
n. combustion chamber whose top is
Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô
PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
258 Phillips screwdriver
angled like a roof: Buồng cháy
kiểu vát nghiêng.
performance n. (a) the general way a
car (or any other machine or
material handles: tính năng xe
(b) specifically, a car’s acceleration
and top speed: Đặc tính gia tốc và
số vòng quay cực đại.
 performance characteristics of
materials n. specific values for
materials, obtained by standard test
methods and available for the
selection of appropriate materials:
Đặc điểm, đặc tính của vật liệu.
 performance handling system
n. typically consists of front and
rear anti-roll bars, nitrogen-filled
gas shock absorbers, special
springs: Hệ thống điều khiển tính
năng xe.
 performance tuning n. efforts
to improve vehicle performance in
particular, such as upgraded
suspension, higher engine output
and/ or torque, or drag-reducing
measures, such as the addition of
spoilers: Sự điều chỉnh để cải
perimeter frame n. type of frame
widely used for American car that
incorporates separate frames; the
side and crossmembers form a
border that surrounds the passenger
compartment: Sườn xe dạng uốn
tròn.
permanent four-wheel drive n.
permanently engaged four-wheel
drive (with lockable or limited-slip
differentials): Sự dẫn động bốn
bánh thường xuyên.
 permanent magnet n. magnetic
material such as hardened steel that
has been strongly magnetized and
retains its magnetism indefinitely;
used in electric machines: Nam
châm vĩnh cửu.
personal(ized) numberplate n.
numberplate chosen (at a cost) by a

phosphate coating
vehicle’s owner, rather than one
allocated by the authorities (in the
UK, the DVLA): Bảng số do chủ
xe chọn số (đẹp)
Perspex see POLYMETHYL
METHACRYLATE: Kính Perspex
dẻo.
petroil lubrication n. a lubrication
method for two-stroke engines
where the oil is added to the fuel
and lubricates the moving engine
parts as the air/ fuel mixture passes
through the crankcase: Sự bôi trơn
bằng xăng pha nhớt.
petrol n. liquid blend of hydrocarbons
refined from petroleum, used as a
fuel for SI engines: xăng
(NOTE: US English is gasoline or
gas)
 petrol engine = spark ignition
engine, using petrol as a fuel: Động
cơ xăng
 petroleum n. the crude oil from
which petrol, lubricating oil, and
other such products are refined:
Dầu thô
 petroleum jelly = whitish
jelly-like substance obtained from
petroleum, used as a lubricant and as
a protection against corrosion: Mỡ
bôi trơn (mỡ bò)
 petrol pump n. pump which
dispenses petrol at a filling station:
Bơm xăng ở trạm bán xăng
(NOTE: US English is gas pump)
 petrol station n. filling station:
Trạm xăng dầu, cây xăng
(NOTE: US English is gas station)
 petrol tanker n. specially
equipped lorry for transporting
petrol/ fuel: Xe bồn chở xăng dầu.
PFI = PORT FUEL INJECTION: Phun
xăng đa điểm
phase-locked loop circuitry see PLL
CIRCUITRY
Phillips screw n. proprietary type of
cross-head screw: Vít đầu rãnh
chữ thập, vít pa-ke.
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PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
259 pick-up tool
 Phillips screwdriver =
proprietary type of cross-head
screwdriver: Tua nơ vít đầu chữ
thập.
phosphate coating n. conversion
coating produced by phosphating:
Lớp áo (sơn) ngoài bằng
phôtphat.
 phosphate section = section in
a painting line in which phosphate
treatment is performed: Bộ phận xử
lý phôtphat.
 phosphate treatment =
treatment of metals with a
phosphating solution to produce a
phosphate conversion coating on the
surface: Sự xử lý photphat.
 phosphating n. = PHOSPHATE
TREATMENT: Sự xử lý bằng
photphat.
 phosphating solution =
solution of phosphoric acid, often
enriched with zinc, used during the
bodywork production process for
cleaning and rust prevention: Dung
dịch photphat kẽm (chống ăn
mòn)
pH value n. measure of the
concentration of hydrogen ions in a
solution, which shows how acid or
alkaline it is pH: Độ pH.
pick and finishing hammer n. widely
used type of body hammer with a
pointed end on one side and a
shallow domed end for finishing on
the other side: Búa đầu nhọn và
đầu vòm.
pick hammer = hammer with a round
head for conventional planishing
and a small pick-shaped head for
working away in sharp or tight
corners: Búa đầu nhọn.
( NOTE: not to be confused with a
bullet-point pick hammer, which
has a more blunt pick, nor with peen
hammer)
pickling n. removal of oxide or mill
scale from the surface of a metal by

pig iron
immersion, usually in an acidic or
alkaline solution: làm sạch gỉ bằng
cách nhúng vào dung dịch acid
hoặc bazơ.
 pickling attack = initial
chemical reaction between
phosphating solutions and metal
surface in phosphate treatment:
Phản ứng của dung dịch tẩy với
bề mặt kim loại.
pick-up n. (a) transfer of material, as
between bearing and shaft, caused
by friction and heat due to lack of
oil; can lead to seizure: Sự dính 2
bề mặt do thiếu bôi trơn.
(b) small truck with an open body
and low sides: Xe tải nhỏ, không
mui, thành thấp.
(NOTE: called a utility or
informally ute in Australia)
 pick-up coil n. coil in which
voltage is induced in magnetic
pick-up assembly: Cuộn dây cảm
biến điện từ.
 pick-up module = trigger-
activated device which sends a
signal to the ignition unit of an
electronic ignition system: Cụm
cảm biến điện từ.
 pick-up pipe n. = OIL PICK-
UP (PIPE): Ống dẫn dầu.
 pick-up screen = OIL PUMP
STRAINER: Lọc bơm dầu.
 pick-up tool n. tool with a
flexible or rigid shaft and a claw
type pick-up end; used to retrieve
small objects from hard-to-reach
areas: Dụng cụ gắp vật rơi.
pig iron n. produced in blast furnaces,
pig iron is the raw material for
practically all iron and steel
products; contains about 3-5%
carbon: Gang
pigtail n. = WIRING PIGTAIL: Đầu
dây điện ngắn nhô ra từ thiết bị
điện
Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô
PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
260 Pinstriping
piling n. the build-up of metal on a
contact breaker point: sự dịch
chuyển kim loại trên mặt vít lửa
(NOTE: opposite is pitting)
pill n. jet in the fuel-return line which
establishes the mixture: Giclơ cân
bằng hỗn hợp trên đường ống hồi
nhiên liệu.
pillar n. post between the roof and the
waistline; from front to rear, there
are A-, B-, C-, and D-pillars: Trụ
đỡ, trụ chống.
 pillar jack n. = TOWER JACK:
Con đội hình tháp, con đội chết.
 pillar light n. courtesy light
mounted on the central pillar: Đèn
trụ cửa.
pilot bearing n. US = SPIGOT
BEARING: Ổ lót dẫn hướng.
 pilot hole n. hole which acts as a
guide when drilling a larger hole or
for a self-tapping screw: Lỗ dẫn
hướng.
 pilot jet n. jet in the idling
circuit of a fixed jet carburettor
which measures and a admits fuel:
Giclơ cầm chừng.
 pilot shaft n. dummy shaft
which is used to align parts and is
removed before final assembly of
the parts: Trục dẫn hướng.
pin n. bar used as a pivot or swivel
(e.g. kingpin, swivel pin) , or as a
fastener (e.g. cotter pin, dowel pin):
Chốt, trục.
pinging n. US = PINKING:Tiếng gõ.
pinholing n. tiny bubbles in the finish
that are often grouped together;
caused by trapped solvents,
moisture or air released from the
film: Lỗ nhỏ trên lớp sơn
pinion (gear) n. a gearwheel which
engages with a rack or larger wheel
and whose diameter is not much
larger than the diameter of its shaft
or axle: Bánh răng nhỏ
 pinion shaft n. short drive
shaft in the rear axle connecting the

pinstriping tool
prop shaft to the crown wheel via
the final drive pinion: Trục bánh
răng bên của bán trục.
pinking or US pinging n. metallic,
pinging noise caused by detonation
or partial detonation in the
combustion chamber of a cylinder,
usually due to low-octane fuel or
over-advanced ignition: Tiếng gõ
kích nổ
pin punch n. tool with a parallel shaft
for use with a hammer to drive out
pins, shafts, rivets, etc.: Chỉa bẩy,
xà beng
pin slider caliper disc brake n. disc
brake design with a sliding caliper:
Bộ kẹp phanh (phanh) đĩa với
chốt trượt.
Pinstriping n. thin, precisely contoured
lines along certain body features;
they may extend along the whole car
and finish off in elaborate, bouquet-
like designs: Đường viền thân xe.
 pinstriping tool = painting tool
used to apply thin, precise lines on
the body, e.g. on motorcycle tanks
and to enhance car body contours:
Dụng cụ tạo đường viền.
pintaux nozzle n. pintle-type diesel fuel
injector nozzle with a hold in the
side through which a very small
amount of fuel is sprayed when the
needle valve is partly opened at low
pressure, before the main hole
comes into use: Một dạng kim
phun diesel
pintle n. (a) the needle of the
injection valve in a diesel fuel
injector: Van kim
(b) vertical bolt or pin in a towing
bracket, to which the towbar is
attached: Cái chốt, trục kéo xe
 pintle nozzle = injector nozzle
containing the pintle: Vòi phun
chứa van kim.
pipework n. system of pipes: Hệ
thống ống dẫn
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PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
261 piston engine
pipe wrench n. adjustable spanner
with serrated jaws: Mỏ lếch răng.
piping n. (a) system of pipes: Hệ
thống ống dẫn
(b) rubber or plastic strip inserted
between two removable panels, i.e.
between a bolt-on wing and the
body, to cover up the joint and to
prevent water getting in; with the
piping inserted, only the round bead
along the upper edge of the piping
is visible: Ống roong
piston n. the reciprocating element in
a reciprocating piston engine:
Piston
piston bore n. diameter of the bore in
the cylinder block in which the
piston moves back and forth
between top dead centre (TDC) and
bottom dead centre (BDC) : Đường
kính piston.
 piston charging pump n. either
the function of the piston of the
two-stroke engine to pre-compress
the fresh charge induced into the
crankcase, or a separate piston used
in earlier two-stroke engine designs
to provide a supercharging effect:
Bơm nạp kiểu piston.
 piston (-type) compressor n.
compressor in an air-conditioning
system with one or more pistons
arranged in either an in-line, axial,
radial or V-configuration: Máy nén
loại piston.
piston crown n. the end of the piston
facing the valves: Đỉnh piston
piston damper n. small damper piston
in an SU or Stromberg carburettor
which attenuates the movement of
the large air piston in the venturi:
Piston giảm chấn (chế hoà khí).
 piston diaphragm n. flexible
membrane which displaces under
pressure, imparting movement to
the piston in a Stromberg
carburettor: Màng truyền động

piston speed
extension screw
cho piston (bộ chế hòa khí
Stromberg)
 piston engine n. internal
combustion engine in which a
piston is displaced by thermal
expansion of gases; the concept
includes reciprocating engines and
rotary engines, but is usually used
with reference to the common
reciprocating engine: Động cơ
piston.
 piston extension screw n.
stroke limiting screw between the
primary piston and secondary piston
stop: Vít chỉnh hành trình piston.
 piston head n. = PISTON
CROWN: Đỉnh piston
 piston land n. the raised portion
between two piston ring grooves:
Gờ rãnh xéc măng.
 piston lifter n. pin in the base
of the piston chamber in an SU or
Stromberg carburettor, used to
check the strength of the mixture
and the free movement of the
piston: Chốt kiểm tra lượng hỗn
hợp và hành trình của piston
(trong bộ chế hòa khí SU và
Stromberg).
 piston material n. the materials
from which pistons are made are
grey cast or light alloys; most light
alloys consist of an aluminium-
silicon alloy: Vật liệu làm piston
 piston pin n. US = GUDGEON
PIN: Chốt piston
piston ring n. one of usually three
metal rings installed in grooves in
the piston which seal the small
clearance between the piston and
the cylinder wall: Xéc măng.
piston ring clamp n. special
automotive tool used for installing
pistons: Dụng cụ ép xéc măng (khi
lắp piston)
piston ring flutter n. oscillations of a
piston ring which mainly occur at
high engine speed and thus can
Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô
PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
262 plain
piston
bearing
slap
cause breakage: Sự rung lắc
xecmăng.
 piston ring groove n. one of the
grooves round the top of a piston
into which a piston ring fits: Rãnh
xecmăng.
 piston ring groove cleaner =
special automotive tool to remove
carbon and varnishes from piston
grooves before installing piston
rings: Dụng cụ làm sạch rãnh xéc
măng trên piston.
 piston ring stop n. pin pressed
into the ring grooves of a two-stroke
engine in order to prevent the rings
from rotating, which would allow
the open ends to become jammed in
the ports: Chốt xéc măng (2 kỳ)
piston rocking n. = PISTON SLAP
 piston rod n. (shock absorber)
rod which operates the piston in a
telescopic damper: Thanh đẩy
piston (ống nhún).
 piston seal n. fluid seal on a
disc brake caliper piston: Vòng
đệm kín piston (phanh).
 piston seizure n. dden
stalling of the engine, caused by the
piston becoming stuck in the bore;
this is often caused by overheating
or lack of lubrication and often
leaves severe score marks in the
cylinders: Sự kẹt dính piston (rúp
pê)
piston skirt n. the part of a piston
below the gudgeon pin and ring belt
area; its temperature can reach
1300C: Thân piston
 piston slap n. audible noise
caused by excessive piston play,
which allows the piston to tilt in
BDC and TDC (when reversing the
direction of motion): Sự va đập
của piston (khi khe hở lớn)
 piston speed n. speed of the
piston for a given engine rpm: Tốc
độ piston.

plain disc wheel
 piston spring n. coil spring in an
SU carburettor which counteracts
the upward movement of the piston:
Lò xo piston giảm chấn (trong bộ
chế hòa khí SU).
 piston top n. = PISTON
CROWN: Đỉnh piston
 piston-valve engine n. two-
stroke engine that relies on the ports
in the cylinder walls to control
admission and exhaust of the air/
fuel mixture; it is not equipped with
other control elements such as
rotary valves: Động cơ piston có
các (lỗ) van trên thành xy lanh (2
kỳ)
pitch n. (a) axial distance of adjacent
threads measured between
corresponding thread points; the
pitch of single-start threads equals
the lead: Bước ren.
(b) parking space or site for a
trailer, caravan, etc.: Nơi đỗ xe.
pitch circle (PC) n. the circumference
on which the centres of the wheel
bolt holes are located: Quỹ đạo của
các ốc bắt bánh xe.
 pitch circle diameter (PCD) =
the diameter of the stud holes/ bolt
holes for fixing the wheel to the
hub: Đường kính vòng tròn tâm
các ốc bắt bánh xe.
pitman arm n. US = DROP ARM:
Đòn quay.
 pitman shaft = ROCKER
SHAFT: Trục then đòn dẫn
hướng xuyên qua bộ bánh răng
tay lái.
pitot tube n. tube for measuring the
pressure and velocity of a fluid
flow; in some CVTs, used in
conjunction with a valve
arrangement to control ratio
changes: Ống đo áp suất và vận
tốc dòng chảy .
pits n. (a) cavities extending from the
surface into the metal as a result of
pitting corrosion : Hốc, lõm do gỉ.
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263 plastic engine
(b) (at a motor racing circuit)
place where a car stops for
servicing, refuelling, tyre changes,
etc.: Trạm tiếp tế cho xe đua.
 pitted a. (of contact breaker
points) eroded: Lõm,rỗ (vít lửa).
pitting n. surface damage to a metal in
the form of pits or holes: Sự làm
rỗ, sự làm lõm (kim loại)
(NOTE: in the case of contact
breaker points the opposite is
piling)
 pitting corrosion = corrosion
process resulting in pits: Sự ăn rỗ
bề mặt.
pivot axis n. = SWIVEL AXIS: Trục
trụ quay đứng.
 pivot pin n. = KINGPIN: Trụ
quay đứng (lái)
PL = PARKING LOCK: Cơ cấu khóa
ở tay số đậu.
plain bearing n. cylindrical sleeve
friction bearing; most commonly
used type of bearing: Bạc thau, bạc
lót
 plain disc wheel n. wheel type
without holes or slots in the wheel
disc: Mâm bánh xe không lỗ
planetary gear n. (starter motor) used
in some starters as an intermediate
transmission: Bánh răng hành tinh
(trong máy khởi động).
 planetary (gear) differential n.
planetary gear set used as a
differential with asymmetric torque
distribution, as for 4wd vehicles: Vi
sai sử dụng bánh răng hành tinh.
 planetary gear set n. comprises
a central externally toothed sun
gear, an internally toothed outer
ring gear, and several intermediate
planet gears which are evenly
spaced and supported by a planet
carrier; they are in constant mesh
with the sun gear and the internal
gear: Bộ bánh răng hành tinh.

plastic filler
 planetary transmission n. US
= EPICYCLIC GEARBOX: Hộp số
bánh răng hành tinh.
 planet carrier n. part which
revolves around the central axis of a
planetary gear set and supports the
planet gears: Vòng mang cụm
bánh răng hành tinh.
 planet gear n. (automatic
transmission) gear whose axis is
not stationary; it is supported by a
planet carrier and revolves around
the central axis: Bánh răng hành
tinh.
 planet pinion n. = PLANET
GEAR: Bánh răng hành tinh.
 planet wheel n. = PLANET
GEAR: Bánh răng hành tinh.
planishing n. final panel hammering
stage for lifting out minor
imperfections in a panel surface;
part of the panel finishing process:
Sự gõ bóng.
 planishing hammer = panel
beater’s hammer: Búa của thợ gò
plasma spray process n. process in
which a very high temperature
flame is produced by blowing gas
through an electric arc; metal wire
or powder is melted by passage
through the flame and is projected
on the surface to be coated: Qui
trình hàn hơi.
plastic n. a material that contains as
an essential ingredient one or more
organic polymeric substances of
large molecular weight, is solid in
its manufacture or processing into
finished articles, can be shaped by
flow: Nhựa, chất dẻo.
 plastic deformation n.
permanent change in the shape or
size of a solid body without fracture
resulting from the application of
sustained stress beyond the elastic
limit: Sự làm biến dạng chất dẻo.
 plastic engine n. an automobile
Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô
PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
264 play
engine whose bulk is made of
plastic components (e.g. engine
block, inlet manifold, water-pump
housing, valve covers, sump), the
use of metal being limited to parts
subjected to extreme mechanical or
thermal loads (e.g. combustion
chamber, exhaust manifold, pistons,
cylinder liners, valve train, etc.):
Động cơ bằng chất dẻo.
 plastic filler n. = POLYESTER
FILLER
 plasticize v. to soften a material
to make it plastic or mouldable by
heating, kneading, or adding a
plasticizer: Làm cho dẻo.
 plasticizer n. an additive that
gives flexibility to an otherwise
rigid plastic: Chất làm mềm dẻo.
plastics welding n. a uniting of thermo-
plastic, i.e. non-setting plastics of
similar or different type using heat
and pressure and with or without the
addition of plastic of a similar kind
(filler material): Kỹ thuật hàn chất
dẻo.
plate 1 n. (a) thin flat sheet of metal:
tấm kim loại mỏng
(b) (battery) in each battery cell
are two lead-alloy plates: one of
lead peroxide (positive plate), the
other of spongy lead (negative
plate); separators are placed
between the plates of different
polarity: bản cực ắc quy.
(c) (clutch) = DISC: Đĩa, tấm,
bảng.
2 v. to coat (a metal) with a thin
layer of another metal by
electrolysis, chemical reaction, etc.:
Mạ.
 plate grid n. (battery) = GRID:
Tấm cốt bản cực (ắc quy)
 plate group n. assembly of
plates of identical polarity (positive
or negative) as used in a battery
cell: Nhóm tấm bản cực.

plenum
 plate strap n. (battery) the
conducting connection between the
lugs of plates of like polarity and
the cell terminal: Thanh nối các
bản cực cùng dấu
 plate support n. support at the
bottom of a battery case on which
the elements rest; provides space for
the sediment chamber: Gân đỡ bản
cực phía đáy ắc quy
plating n. (metal) coating: Mạ.
platinum n. light-grey, heavy, ductile,
noble metal; atomic number 78,
atomic weight 195.09; melting point
at 17690C; main member of the so-
called platinum metals; together
with other platinum metals, is used
as a catalyst in automotive exhaust
converters: Bạch kim.
 platinum electrode n. (sparking
plug) an electrode made of platinum
lasts longer than one of nickel alloy
as it can better withstand high
temperatures: Điện cực bạch kim
(bougie)
 platinum metals n. generic
term for a family of noble metals
found with and resembling
platinum; including ruthenium,
rhodium, palladium, osmium,
iridium, and platinum; used as
catalysts in catalytic converters; less
than a tenth of a troy ounce is
required per converter to produce
acres of catalytically active catalyst
surface: Những kim loại quý cùng
với bạch kim trong bộ xúc tác.
 platinum sparking plug n.
sparking plug with a platinum
centre electrode: Bougie điện cực
bạch kim
play see FREE PLAY
plenum n.an enclosure than containing
air or gas at a higher pressure than
exists outside: khoang chứa đầy
 plenum chamber n. (a) (of
induction system) usually a large
cast alloy body which connects the
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PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
265 pneumatic tyre
throttle body or inlet tube to the
cylinder head(s) or inlet manifold:
phần nối từ bướm ga đến lỗ hút
(b) (car body) air compartment
formed between the scuttle and the
bulkhead, providing a basis for the
interior air supply: Lỗ thông khí
salon
pliers n. gripping tool with two hinged
arms and serrated jaws: Kìm có
răng
plug 1 n. (a) stopper which seals a
hole: Nút bịt
(b) male electrical connector:
Phích cắm, đầu cắm đực.
(c) = SPARKING PLUG: Bougie.
2 v. to seal with a stopper: Nút
lại, chặn lại.
 plug gap n. hole in a tank or
cistern, which can be closed with a
rubber plug: Khe hở bougie.
 plughole n. = SPARKING
PLUG SPANNER: Tuýp mở
bougie.
plug whiskering n. = GAP
BRIDGING: Muội than nối tắt
điện cực
plunger n. (a) any immersing type of
piston: Piston dạng chìm
(b) hydraulic tappet component
(e.g. in a valve): Piston con đội
thủy lực.
(c) piston in a starter solenoid:
Piston trong rơle cài khớp của
máy khởi động
 plunger principle n. a new ABS
control system which offers
improved pressure modulation with
very small amplitudes even at
pressures close to zero: Hệ thống
phanh ABS mới với bộ điều tiết
áp suất cải tiến.
 plunger pump n. oil pump
consisting of a reciprocating
plunger in a ported chamber: Bơm
nhớt dạng piston
plunging joint n. US = SLIDING
JOINT: Khớp nối trượt.

pocket (slide) caliper
ply n. rubber-impregnated layer of cord
(made from rayon, nylon, polyester
or steel) which forms the basis of a
tyre car-cass: Sợi bố.
 ply rating (PR) = index of load-
carrying capacity, giving the
maximum permitted load for a tyre:
Phân loại khả năng chịu tải của
vỏ xe.
PM = PARTICULATE MATTER: hạt
 PM trap = diesel particulate
filter: Lọc muội than trong diesel
PMMA = POLY-METHYL-METH-
ACRYLATE
p/n or PN = PART(S) NUMBER
pneumatic suspension n. = AIR
SUSPENSION: Hệ thống treo khí
 pneumatic trail n. distance
between a vertical line through the
centre of the wheel and the centre of
pressure of the tyre contact patch;
most apparent during cornering:
Khoảng cách từ tâm bánh xe đến
điểm tiếp xúc mặt đường.
 pneumatic tyre n. rubber tyre
filled with air under pressure: Lốp
bơm hơi (NOTE: opposite is solid
tyre)
pocket (slide) caliper n. small slide-
type caliper for inside and outside
measurement up to about 100 mm
or 4 inch: Compa đo trong và đo
ngoài loại nhỏ
pod n. housing for a gauge mounted
behind the steering wheel: Phần
khung để gắn tableau sau tay lái
points n. = CONTACT BREAKER
POINTS: Vít lửa.
 points file = thin, fine-toothed
file for cleaning and smoothing off
the piles on contact breaker: Giũa
vít lửa
 points gap = gap between the
contact breaker points when fully
open; measured with a feeler gauge:
Khe hở vít lửa.
poke n. (informal) power or
acceleration: Sự nhấn ga tăng tốc.
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PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
266 polyester filler
polarity n. property of an electric
system that has two points with
different electric potentials: Cực
tính.
polarization resistance n. the
transition resistance between the
electrodes and the electrolyte; part
of the internal resistance of a
battery: Điện trở chất điện phân
(ắc quy).
pole n. either of two points at which
there are opposite electric charges
(positive or negative), as at the
terminals of a battery: Điện cực,
cực.
 pole piece n. soft magnetic core
of the inductive winding in a
magnetic pick-up assembly; stator:
Lõi từ của cảm biến điện từ loại
nam châm đứng yên.
 pole shoe n. in an electrical
machine, such as a starter motor, a
piece of soft iron mounted to the
inside of the housing, surrounded
by the field coils: Má cực của máy
điện (nơi quấn dây).
polishing barrel n. barrel used for a
polishing process in which the
aluminium surface is smoothed in
the presence of metallic or ceramic
shot by a rotating movement of the
barrel: Tang đánh bóng.
pollutant n. in the context of
automotive emissions, pollutant
typically refers to hydrocarbons,
carbon monoxide, and nitrogen
oxides: Chất ô nhiễm.
polycarbonate (PC) n. a polyester
polymer in which the repeating
structural unit in the chain is of the
carbonate type; used for bumpers,
body and roof panels: Nhựa PC.
polyellipsoidal headlight (PE head-
light) n. headlight with a gas
discharge lamp and a poly-
ellipsoidal reflector: Đèn đầu với
bóng cao áp và choá hình
polyellipsoid.

polyester
pop-up headlights
powder
polyester filler n. body repair material
for smoothing dents in body panels;
includes a resin base filler paste and
a catalyst which is added to the base
filler and hardens by chemical
reaction: Nhựa để làm nhẵn thân
xe (matít)
 polyester powder = powder used
for electrostatic powder coating:
Bột sơn tĩnh điện
polyethylene (PE) n. a polymer
prepared by the polymerization of
ethylene as the sole monomer; very
resistant to chemical attack: Nhựa
PE.
polymer n. substance consisting of
molecules characterized by the
repetition of one or more types of
monomeric units: Chất cao phân
tử, polyme
 polymer alloy = a mixture of two
or more different compatible
polymers: Hỗn hợp nhiều hợp
chất cao phân tử.
polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)
n.thermoplastic polymer derived
from methylacrylate; transparent
solid with excellent optical qualities
and weather resistance; typical
automotive applications are the
lenses of rear lights: Mica
(NOTE: also called Perspex)
polypropylene (PP) n. an extremely
versatile plastic, available in many
grades and also as a copolymer
(ethylene/ propylene): Nhựa PP.
 polyurethane (PUR) n.
thermoplastic material with high
strength, good chemical and
abrasion resistance; used mainly for
foamed reaction injection
mouldings and for adhesives, such
as for flush-bonded body glass:
Nhựa Poliurêtan.
 polyurethane paint = type of
two-pack paint based on
polyurethane substances: Sơn
poliurêtan.
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PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
267 pop rivet
pot
 polyurethane powder = powder
used for electrostatic powder
coating: Bột pôliurêtan.
 poly-V-belt n. drive belt with
multiple Vs; flat, similar to the
toothed belts used as timing belts,
but with lengthwise V-shaped ribs
rather than transverse cogs; used
increasingly on new engines instead
of conventional V-belts: Đai hình
chữ V.
 polyvinyl chloride (PVC) n.
bolt plasticized and unplasticized
PVC types are marked by good
weathering resistance, and good
surface properties; they are self-
extinguishing: Nhựa PVC.
poor opacity n. paint fault in which the
colour of underlying coats or fillers
remains visible through the topcoat;
may be caused by insufficient paint
thickness, overthinning, etc.: Sự mờ
đục của lớp sơn (thấy lớp sơn lót)
poppet valve n. valve which pops
open and shut in a reciprocating
motion; consists of a valve stem and
disc; the typical valve type used in
engine cylinder heads: Sú páp
(NOTE: also called mushroom
valve due to its shape)
pop rivet n. type of tubular rivet
which initially has a hard steel pin
passing through it; when the pop
rivet is fitted with a pop rivet gun,
the head of the pin expands the
inner end of the tubular rivet,
closing it; the head of the pin then
snaps off; used when a joint can be
accessed from one side only: Chốt
rivê bấm bằng súng.
pop-up headlights n. = CONCEALED
HEADLIGHTS: Đèn pha xếp.
porcelain enamel n. US = VITREOUS
ENAMEL: Men thủy tinh.
pore n. small opening in a surface: Lỗ
nhỏ trên bề mặt.
 porosity n. state or condition of
being porous: Trạng thái xốp.

pothole
 porous a. permeable to air or
fluids: Xốp (không khí hay chất
lỏng thấm qua được).
Porsche-type synchromesh n.
sophisticated synchromesh
technology depending on the
frictional forces by a spreading
synchronizer ring: Bộ đồng tốc
Porsche
port n. generally, any opening
through which air or fluid passes;
specifically, the opening in the
cylinder of a hydraulic valve and
the precision-made hole (jet) in the
wall of a carburettor barrel: Lỗ
thông, cửa (để không khí hoặc
chất lỏng đi qua).
port area n. used to indicate the cross-
section area of the port of a two-
stroke engine; this value is one of
the factors determining the gas flow
and the power of a two-stroke
engine: Mặt cắt lỗ thông (động cơ
2 kỳ).
 port vacuum advance (PVA) n.
a series of restriction devices
between the distributor advance unit
and the carburettor advance port to
ensure that there is no vacuum
advance during idle, but increasing
ignition advance as the throttle
opens: Đánh lửa sớm áp thấp nhờ
lỗ trên bộ chế hoà khí.
 port fuel injection (PFI) n. =
MULTI-POINT INJECTION:
Phun xăng đa điểm
positive camber: Góc camber dương.
 positive castor n. when an
imaginary line extended through the
steering axis cuts the wheel axis
through the wheel centre: Góc
castor dương
positive crankcase ventilation (PCV)
n. introduced in 1963, PCV serves
to reduce emissions by recycling
crankcase fumes and blow-by
gases: Hệ thống thông hơi cacte
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268 power stroke
 positive electrode n. (battery)
= POSITIVE PLATE: Điện cực
dương (ắc quy)
 positive terminal n. red battery
terminal with a plus symbol
indicating positive polarity: Cực
dương
post n. (a) pillar between the roof
and the waistline; from front to rear,
there are A-, B-, C- , and D-posts:
Trụ đỡ.
(b) = BATTERY POST: Cọc bình
ắc quy.
post-heating n. (glow plugs) heating
after the engine is started to prevent
blue smoke and misfiring during the
warm-up phase: Xông sau khởi
động
 post-ignition n. ignition of the
air-fuel mixture after the electrical
ignition point: Sự bắt lửa của hỗn
hợp sau khi có tia lửa
pot n. (a) = CYLINDER: Xy lanh
(b) = DASHPOT: Cái giảm chấn
làm cánh bướm ga đóng từ từ.
pothole n. deep hole in the surface of
a road: Ổ gà trên mặt đường.
pot joint n. universal joint in which the
rollers or balls can move freely in
an internally grooved cylinder:
Khớp nối có bi tròn hoặc bi đũa
dịch chuyển tự do.
pour point n. the lowest temperature
at which an oil can be poured:
Nhiệt độ thấp nhất mà dầu có thể
chảy (rót)
powder slush moulding n. processing
technique applied to produce PVC
skins: Kỹ thuật tạo lớp vỏ nhựa
trên chi tiết.
power 1 n. the rate at which energy is
converted into work: Công suất.
2 v. to provide power to: Cấp
công suất, trợ lực.
power-assisted brakes n. braking
system which uses a vacuum brake
booster (servo) to reduce the

power take-off
pressure on the brake pedal: Hệ
thống phanh (phanh) có trợ lực
 power-assisted steering (pas)
n. steering system in which a
hydraulic pump powered by the
engine helps the driver to turn the
steering wheel: Hệ thống lái có trợ
lực.
power brakes (pb) n. braking system
that uses hydraulic or vacuum or
atmospheric pressure to provide
most of the force required for
braking: Phanh (thắng) có trợ lực
power closing n. = AUTOMATIC
CLOSING SYSTEM: Hệ thống
đóng cửa tự động.
 power cut-off (switch) n. =
BATTERY MASTER SWITCH:
Công tắc ngắt mass ắc quy
 power distribution n. specific
drive torque distribution between
front and rear axles in a 4WD
system: Sự phân phối công suất
(truyền động 4 bánh)
 power hood n. convertible top
which is raised and lowered by an
electric motor: Mui xếp (xe mui
trần) điều khiển bằng điện.
(NOTE: US English is electric top)
 power seat n. seat whose back,
height, thigh and lumbar support,
etc. can be electrically adjusted:
Ghế điều chỉnh bằng điện.
 powershift transmission n. US
transmission which can be used
without declutching or decelerating:
Hộp số sang số không cần đạp ly
hợp hoặc giảm tốc.
 power steering (ps) n. (a)
completely hydraulic or pneumatic
steering system, allowing the driver
little or no ‘feel’ for the road; not
used for road-going passenger
vehicles (b) (informal) = ignited before spreading to the main
POWER-ASSISTED STEERING:
Trợ lực lái
 power steering pump = pump
which supplies hydraulic pressure
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PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
269 preheater system
for the power steering system:
Bơm trợ lực lái
power stroke n. downstroke of a
piston, the third stroke in a four-
stroke cycle: Hành trình sinh
công, thì nổ
power take-off (PTO) n. using the
crankshaft or gearbox to drive
ancillary equipment, such as a pump
or generator: Bộ truyền lực cho các
thiết bị phụ qua puly trục khuỷu.
 power train n. = DRIVE TRAIN:
Hệ thống động lực (bao gồm động
cơ và hộp số).
 power valve n. valve in the
enrichment unit, used in some
carburettors to provide a richer
mixture for extra power under
certain conditions; in a typical
design, the power valve is a
vacuum-controlled ball-type check
valve: Van làm đậm để tăng công
suất.
 power window (pw) n. US =
ELECTRIC WINDOW: Cửa kính
xe điều khiển bằng điện
 power window lock-out switch
= switch that renders inoperable all
electric window controls on the
individual windows, except for the
master controls on the driver’s door:
Công tắt khóa các cửa điện.
PP = POLYPROPYLENE: Nhựa PP.
 PPO = POLYPHENYLENE
OXIDE
PR = PLY RATING
prechamber n. (of indirect injection
diesel engines) small upper
chamber in the cylinder head,
connected to the main combustion
chamber by a narrow passage; fuel
is injected into the prechamber (also
called swirl chamber) where it is
chamber: Buồng đốt phụ, buồng
đốt trước
pre-combustion engine n. US =
INDIRECT INJECTION ENGINE:

pre-ignition
Động cơ diesel phun gián tiếp (có
buồng đốt trước)
pre-compress v. to compress the fuel/
air/ oil mixture first: Nén trước.
 pre-compression chamber n.
chamber below the piston in a two-
stroke engine in which the
fuel/air/oil mixture is initially
compressed in order to enable more
fresh charge to be fed into the
cylinder: Buồng nén phụ (2 kỳ)
pre-converter vehicle n. a car built
prior to the enforcement of emission
control standards requiring a
catalytic converter to be fitted to
every new car: Xe chưa lắp bộ xúc
tác
pre-engaged Bendix starter n. a
combination of Bendix and pre-
engaged starter drives: Máy khởi
động với bánh răng Bendix và
khớp gài trước.
 pre-engaged starter n. starter
motor in which the solenoid-
operated pinion engages with a
flywheel ring gear before the full
electric current flows; an
overrunning clutch enables the
pinion to freewheel before
disengaging, once the engine has
fired: Máy khởi động gài khớp
trước (khi dòng điện qua đề)
preheater system n. cold starting aid
for diesel engines, consisting of
glow plugs, a glow-control unit, and
a glow plug and starter switch, for
preheating the combustion chamber
or the intake air up to auto-ignition
temperature: Hệ thống xông trước
(Diesel).
pre-ignition n. ignition of air/fuel
mixture prior to the electrical
ignition point: Sự cháy sớm.
prelubricator n. lubrication system
consisting mainly of an
electronically controlled pump that
circulates pressurized engine oil to
an engine’s vital parts for about six
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270 pressure lubrication
seconds when ignition is switched
on prior to starting of the engine;
reduces friction during cold starts
and prolongs engine life: Sự bôi
trơn trước khi khởi động.
prepreg n. reinforcing or moulding
material already impregnated with a
synthetic resin: Sự gia cố vật liệu.
preselector gearbox n. conventional
gearbox with a semi-automatic
change mechanism in which a gear
is selected before the change is
initiated, the change being made by
depressing the clutch or auxiliary
pedal: Hộp số bán tự động (gài số
trước khi số được sang)
preset station button n. button for
tuning a radio automatically to a
preset frequency, i. e. one radio
station can be allocated to each
button: Nút nhớ đài tự động
(radio)
 pressed panel n. panel
produced with special press tools
and dies, as opposed to a hand-made
panel: Khung dập.
 press fit n. condition of contact
between two parts that requires
pressure to force the parts together:
Sự lắp ráp bằng áp suất.
 pressing plant n. plant
specializing in the manufacture of
car bodies: Máy dập khung ô tô.
pressure accumulator n. (usually)
spherical pressure tank of about 10
mm diameter in an hydraulic brake
booster: Bộ tích áp.
pressure differential switch n.
hydraulic pressure-operated switch
(often included in a combination
valve) which activates the ‘brake
failure’ warning light when one of
the brake circuits (in a dual-circuit
system) fails due to a system leak
and associated pressure drop: Công
tắc điều khiển đèn báo mất
phanh.

pressure plate
 pressure-feed spray gun n.
type of spray gun with a separate
paint container (pressure-feed tank);
it is used mostly for spraying highly
viscous materials such as spray
putty: Súng sơn bằng áp suất
(bình chứa sơn đặt rời)
pressure limiting valve or US
proportioning valve n. (a) any
valve which limits pressure in a
system, e. g. in a hydraulic circuit,
in automatic transmissions, in
pneumatic suspension systems, etc.
(b) specifically, the valve used in
the rear brake line of some cars with
front disc and rear drum brakes:
Van giới hạn áp suất.
pressure lubrication n. (a) (of 4-stroke
engines) = FORCED-FEED
LUBRICATION (b) (of 2-stroke
engines) lubrication system with
crankcase scavenging: Bôi trơn
cưỡng bức
pressure plate n. (a) (brakes) the
plate carrying pad in a disc brake:
Bố phanh (phanh) (trong phanh
(phanh) đĩa).
(NOTE: also called backplate)
(b) (transmission) the part of the
clutch assembly which is pressed
against the clutch plate by the clutch
springs to transmit the drive: Đĩa
ép trong ly hợp.
 pressure regulating valve n.
(a) any valve which maintains
pressure at or under a certain
pressure; specifically the pressure
relief valve of the oil pump (b) in a
continuous injection system, part of
the fuel distributor, consisting
basically of a spring-loaded steel
diaphragm which serves to keep the
pressure drop across the metering
ports at a constant 0.1 bar: Van
điều tiết áp suất
 pressure regulator n. regulator
which governs the pressure of the
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PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
271 primary circuit
fuel delivered to the injectors by the
fuel pump: Bộ điều áp
 pressure regulator valve n.
releases hydraulic fluid if pressure
exceeds a preset value: Van bộ
điều áp
 pressure relief valve n. valve
which opens at maximum safe
pressure and closes again upon
return to normal operating
conditions; its main task is to
prevent the internal pressure of a
component or a system from
exceeding a certain set point: Van
giảm áp (an toàn)
 pressure wave n. pulsations of
oscillations in the induction and
exhaust systems caused by the
opening and closing of the valves:
Sóng áp suất trong ống pô
 pressure wave supercharger =
COMPREX PRESSURE WAVE
SUPERCHARGER: Bơm tăng áp
loại sóng áp suất.
 pressurized a. working under
pressure: Làm việc dưới áp suất
primary battery n. non-rechargeable
battery consisting of one or more
primary cells, used e.g. in portable
radio receivers: Pin thường (không
nạp được).
(NOTE: opposite is secondary/
storage battery)
 primary (catalytic) converter n.
small converter positioned close to
the engine which quickly actives the
necessary operating temperature to
reduce exhaust emissions during the
warm-up period: Bộ xúc tác sơ cấp.
 primary cell n. electric cell that
converts chemical energy into
electrical energy in an irreversible
process; unlike a secondary cell, it
cannot be recharged: Pin không sạc
được
primary chain n. the chain of a
primary drive: Xích truyền động
chính.

primarybath
primer compression ratio
primary circuit n. circuit which
comprises the battery, the ignition
switch, if ballasted the ballast
resistor, the primary winding of the
ignition coil, and if breaker-
triggered the contact breaker points:
Mạch sơ cấp (đánh lửa)
 primary compression ratio n.
degree of compression achieved in
the crankcase area below the piston
of a two-stroke engine when the
piston moves down and compresses
the mixture supplied into the
crankcase: Tỷ số nén chính (2 kỳ)
 primary key n. key which
operates all the locks of the car:
Khóa cửa trung tâm
 primary magnetic field n.
magnetic field of the primary
winding: Từ trường của cuộn dây
sơ cấp
 primary pattern n. oscilloscope
pattern of the primary circuit: Dạng
xung dao động của mạch sơ cấp.
 primary piston n. main piston
in a tandem master cylinder: Piston
chính (phanh)
 primary pump n. engine-driven
oil pump feeding pressurized oil to
the transmission and hydraulic
control system: Bơm chính truyền
động từ động cơ cấp nhớt cho hộp
số và các hệ thống thuỷ lực khác.
 primary seal n. primary piston
seal in a tandem master cylinder:
Vòng đệm kín của piston sơ cấp
trong xy lanh cái (phanh).
 primary shaft n. = CLUTCH
SHAFT: Trục sơ cấp
primary shoe n. US = LEADING
SHOE: Má phanh chính
 primary structure component
n. any structural component which,
if it collapsed, could make the car
uncontrollable or would seriously
reduce occupant safety in a crash:
Thành phần đóng vai trò an toàn
Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô
PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
272 progressive transmission
primer
khi đụng trong cấu trúc chính của
khung xe.
 primary valve n. valve which
controls the primary V-pulley: Van
điều khiển puli sơ cấp chữ V
 primary V-pulley n. (CVT)
pulley which is driven by the via a
clutch; one of its halves can be slid
hydraulically, thus varying the
diameter of the steel thrust belt
track and changing the transmission
ratio: Puli chữ V dẫn động thông
qua ly hợp làm thay đổi đường
kính để thay đổi tỷ số truyền.
 primary winding n. outer
winding of the ignition coil;
typically 200 turns of relatively
strong wire: Cuộn dây sơ cấp
(NOTE: opposite is secondary
winding)
prime v. (a) to apply primer: Phủ sơn
lót
(b) to fill a machine (e.g. a pump)
with the necessary fluid before
starting, in order to improve its
sealing qualities: Mồi bơm
(c) to put fuel in the float chamber
of a carburettor to ease the starting
of an engine: Mồi xăng (nhiên
liệu).
 primer n. first coat of paint
applied to a bare surface; designed
to provide a foundation for the
subsequent coats and to ensure rust
protection: Lớp sơn lót.
 primer bath = bath containing
the primer: Bồn chứa sơn lót.
 primer filler = special primer
used to cover fine cracks: Lớp sơn
trét kín vết nứt.
 primer oven = painting line oven
used to dry the coats of primer:
Phòng sấy sơn lót.
 primer surfacer = material for
the resilient coating underneath the
top paint coat which provides
corrosion protection, protects the
paint system from chipping caused

projected core/ insulator nose
by gravel, provides a smooth
surface for the top paint coat, and
serves as an adhesion promoter:
Lớp sơn lót.
printed circuit board (PCB) n. thin
plastic insulating board on one or
both sides of which the components
and connections of an electronic
circuit are formed by etching in a
metallic coating or
electrodeposition: Bảng mạch in
prise off v. to lever off: bẩy ra, cạy
ra.
PRNDL = letters denoting the positions
on the gear selector of an automatic
gearbox, standing for: Park,
Reverse, Neutral, Drive, Low: P =
Park, R = Reverse, N = Neutral, D =
Drive, L = Low: Chữ cái ký hiệu
của các tay số ở hộp số tự động.
(NOTE: Low may be divided into:
3, 2, 1)
probe n. a measuring sensor, usually
long and thin to gain access to
narrow cavities: Cái que đo.
Procon-ten n. safety system
developed by Audi which makes
use of the relative displacement of
the engine during a frontal
collision; steel cables pull the
steering wheel away from the
driver and increase the seat belt
tension: hệ thống an toàn xe Audi.
production car or model n. car
manufactured by a mass-production
process: xe sản xuất đại trà
 production line = system in
which the parts of an end product
are transported by a conveyor past a
number of sites where the parts are
modified without stopping the
conveyor: Dây chuyền sản xuất.
 profile n. (a) side view, shape
or outline of an object: Biên dạng
(b) cross-section of a tyre: mặt cắt
vỏ xe
 profile depth = TREAD
DEPTH: Chiều cao gai vỏ xe.
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PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
273 PTO
programme comparison and
identification (PCI) n. (radio)
system that identifies a programme
(station) and compares programmes
so as to find the station which offers
the strongest signal: So sánh và
nhận dạng tín hiệu sóng radio.
progressive carburettor n. =
COMPOUND CARBURETTOR:
Bộ chế hòa khí với cánh bướm gió
kép.
 progressive transmission n.
transmission in which it is necessary
to pass through the gear ratios in a
definite order; usage today confined
almost exclusively to motorcycles:
Hộp số số tới (xe gắn máy)
projected core/ insulator nose n.
insulator tip that extends beyond the
end of the sparking plug shell: Đầu
sứ cách điện bougie.
 projected spark position n.
amount the sparking plug gap
projects into the combustion
chamber: 1mm for the slightly
projected spark position in older
engines and 3 mm for the normally
projected spark position in modern
engines: Vị trí nhô ra của đầu
bougie (trong buồng đốt).
promoter n. substance embedded in
the washcoat on catalyst substrates
that serves to enhance catalytic
efficiency: chất hoạt hóa (hóa học)
trong bộ xúc tác
propane n. colourless, flammable gas
used for cooking, heating and as a
fuel: Prôpan (khí không màu, khí
dễ cháy, dùng làm nhiên liệu)
propeller (pump) n. impeller of a
propeller pump, characterized by a
small number of blades of double
curvature; propellers are generally
axial-flow impellers, seldom mixed-
flow ones: Cánh bơm
 propeller shaft n. generally
applicable to the long, jointed shaft
between the power unit and

puckering
differential, usually mounted
longitudinally from front to rear on
front-engine RWD vehicles: Trục
truyền động (trục láp)
(NOTE: US English is drive shaft)
proportional load synchromesh n. =
LOCKING SYNCHROMESH: Bộ
đồng tốc có khóa
 proportioning valve n. US =
PRESSURE LIMITING VALVE:
Van giới hạn áp suất
prop shaft n. (informal)
=PROPELLER SHAFT: Trục
truyền động (trục láp)
propulsive power n. the force with
which a vehicle moves; the pulling
force; depends not only on engine
power and torque, but also on the
amount of friction between driving
wheels and road surface: Lực đẩy
prop up v. to fix the bonnet in the open
position using the bonnet support
stay: Chống đỡ, đỡ lên (nắp ca-
pô )
protective coat(ing) n. layer or layers
applied to a surface to provide
corrosion protection: Lớp sơn bảo
vệ.
 protector washer n. filter disc
between the primary piston and
primary seal which supports and
protects the primary seal when the
brake system is under pressure:
Vòng đệm bảo vệ (phanh)
prototype n. a first full-scale and
usually functional form of a new
type or design of a vehicle: Nguyên
mẫu, mẫu đầu tiên của xe
PS = POWER STEERING: Hệ thống
lái có trợ lực .
psi (short for) pound-force per square
inch, a measurement of pressure:
Đơn vị đo áp suất
PTFE = POLY-TETRA-FLUORO-
ETHYLENE
PTO = POWER TAKE-OFF
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274 pump
puckering n. (paint fault) =
WRINKLING: Sự nhăn, nếp
nhăn của lớp sơn
puddle lamp n. lamp in the bottom of
a luxury car door which illuminates
the area into which a passenger is
going to step when the door is
opened: Đèn sàn xe (tại cửa xe).
pull v. (vehicle) to deviate towards
the side: Kéo, lôi.
pull away v. to drive away from a
standing start: chuyển bánh.
puller n. special automotive tool used
to remove gears, bearings, pulleys,
wheels and other parts from shafts
by a pulling action: Cái cão
pulley n. wheel with a grooved rim to
carry a belt, chain or rope: Puli,
ròng rọc
pull in v. to drive to the side of the
road or into a lay-by, etc. (and
stop): Ghé vào, tấp vào lề.
pulling beam n. hydraulic ram attached
securely to the vehicle at strong
points; pulling force is then applied
to the pulling beam to pull the
frame or sheet metal back into
place: Máy kéo khung xe (bị
đụng).
 pulling post = post bolted to the
shop floor or fixed in a concrete
foundation which forms the
anchorage for the chain and
hydraulic jack assemblies to
straighten misaligned bodies: Cột
trụ để neo dây xích và đội thuỷ
lực khi nắn khung.
pull-in winding n. winding as used in
a starter solenoid that does the
heavy pull-in work: Cuộn hút (máy
khởi động).
pull out v. (a) to drive away from the
side of a road: Phóng ra (từ lề
đường)
(b) to drive out from behind a
vehicle in front in order to
overtake: Vượt qua mặt.

pump-fed lubrication
 pull-out door handle n. door
handle which is pulled away from
the door skin to open the door from
the outside: Tay nắm mở cửa bên
ngoài.
pull over v. to drive to the side of the
road (and stop): Ghé vào lề.
pull-type clutch n. clutch in which
the clutch release bearing is pulled
away from the flywheel when the
clutch is disengaged: Ly hợp loại
bạc đạn kéo.
pull up v. to stop: Dừng lại.
pulse air principle n. in air induction
system the method of introducing
secondary air into the exhaust
system by means of aspirator valves
actuated by the pressure pulses of
the exhaust gas stream: Nguyên tắc
dùng dao động khí thải để nạp khí
vào ống thải
 pulse former or shaper n. circuit
for changing the waveform of a
signal: Mạch thay đổi dạng xung.
 pulse generator n. = PICK-UP
MODULE: Máy phát xung, cảm
biến điện từ.
pump 1 n. machine that transforms
mechanical energy generated by a
prime mover into the energy of a
moving fluid: Máy bơm
2 v. to add kinetic and potential
energy to a liquid for the purpose of
moving it from one point to
another: Bơm
pump-fed lubrication n. = FORCED-
FEED LUBRICATION: Bôi trơn
bằng bơm, bôi trơn cưỡng bức
 pumping chamber n. =
PRECOMPRESSION CHAMBER:
Buồng bơm
 pump power output n. the
energy transferred by a pump to the
liquid pumped: Công suất phát ra
của bơm
 pump rotor n. a centrifugal
pump assembly consisting of the
pump shaft, impeller and further
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275 putty knife
rotating components, such as
rotating bearing and shaft sealing
parts: rôto của bơm ly tâm
 pump shaft n. shaft which
transmits the driver torque to the
impeller(s) of centrifugal pumps or
to the displacement element(s) of
rotary pumps: Trục bơm
punch n. tool for making holes or
driving out bolts, rivets and pins:
Cái đột lỗ, cái đục
puncture n. hole in a tyre made by a
sharp object and causing loss of air
pressure: lỗ thủng lốp xe
punt chassis n. = BACK CHASSIS:
Khung xe phía sau.
PUR = POLYURETHANE: Loại nhựa
tổng hợp dùng chế tạo sơn
purge v. to get rid of impurities: Lọc,
làm trong sạch.
push bar n. bar between the shoes in a
drum brake: Càng đẩy chống trống
phanh
 pushrod n. (a) steel or
aluminium rod linking the tappet to
the rocker arm in overhead valve
(OHV) engines: Đũa đẩy cò sú páp
(b) rod which actuates the primary
piston in a master cylinder or power
brake: Cần đẩy (xylanh cái).
 pushrod engine = OVERHEAD
VALVE ENGINE: Động cơ có sú
páp trên nắp máy.
 pushrod measuring tool = tool
which measures the length of
pushrod needed in an engine; a
pushrod of proper length is vital to
keep the rocker in the centre of the
valve, minimize the risk of breakage
and extend the valve guide life:
Dụng cụ đo đũa đẩy cò sú páp .
 push start n. = BUMP START:
Khởi động bằng trớn xe.
 push-type clutch n.
conventional clutch in which the
clutch release bearing is pushed
towards the flywheel when the

PVA
clutch is disengaged: Ly hợp loại
bạc đạn đẩy
putty n. special paste used for repairing
minor panel imperfections, e.g.
chips or scratches on the filled
surface; it is used after normal
filling and gives an extremely
smooth surface: Keo trét.
 putty knife = tool for scraping
off dirt, carbon, and paint or for
applying putty: Dao cạo keo, sơn,
bùn.
PVA = PORTED VACUUM
ADVANCE
PVC = POLYVINYL CHLORIDE
 PVC seam sealing = the sealing
of seams with PVC sealant to
prevent the penetration of corrosive
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276 PW
agents: Sự làm kín những đường
nối bằng nhựa PVC.
 PVC tape = INSULATING
TAPE: Băng keo cách điện
 PVC underbody treatment =
treatment of the under of a vehicle
to protect it from chipping due to
gravel or stones and corrosive
agents: Phương pháp bảo vệ sàn
xe bằng nhựa PVC.
 PVC underseal (coating) =
protective PVC coating applied to
the underbody of a vehicle: Lớp
sơn lót dưới sàn bằng nhựa PVC.
PW = POWER WINDOW(S): Kính
điện.