 Final Evaluation

Question 1
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Humberto has set up a small desktop computer production and

assembly line in a neighboring country to service a contract
with a distributor to supply 200 computers per week (with all
SW installed). The production line operates a double shift from
Monday to Friday. The working day of the line's employees is 8
hours, Monday through Friday. Within the 8-hour day, there are
two breaks of 15 minutes each. What is the Takt Time or Time
Takt?
Select one:
a. 22.5 minutes/computer
b. 24 minutes/computer
c. 11.25 minutes/computer
Productive work time is 7.5 hours x 5 days x 2 shifts, or 75 hours, or
4,500 minutes. Dividing by 200 computers to be delivered to the
customer each week, this results in a takt time of 22.5 minutes/unit.
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The correct answer is: 22.5 minutes/computer.

Question 2
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Statement of the question

Maria Elena does not quite understand what ISO 9001 refers to
as "risk-based thinking".
Select one:
a. "Risk-based thinking" in ISO 9001 refers to anticipating the
occurrence of quality failures, identifying the risks that could
cause them and taking preventive measures to avoid the
occurrence of such quality failures.
The "risk-based thinking" embodied in ISO 9001 promotes failure-
preventive rather than failure-corrective quality management. To
prevent quality failures, the risks that could cause them must be
identified and eliminated or reduced.
b. The "risk-based thinking" embodied in ISO 9001 promotes
quality management that detects quality failures and corrects
them before they reach the customer.
c. The "risk-based thinking" contained in the ISO 9001 standard
refers to the fact that when establishing a Quality Management
System, occupational risks of accidents or occupational
diseases must be identified and preventive measures must be
taken to eliminate or reduce them.
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The correct answer is: "Risk-based thinking" in ISO 9001 refers to

anticipating the occurrence of quality failures, identifying the risks that
could cause them and taking preventive measures to avoid the
occurrence of quality failures.

Question 3
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In Statistical Process Control:

Select one:
a. Both the Potential Capability Index Cp and the Actual
Capability Index Cpk do not depend on how focused the
process is in relation to the allowable values of the parameter
or requirement under analysis.
The Potential Capability Index Cp does not depend on the centeredness
of the process (it only depends on the upper and lower limit values of
the parameter or requirement under analysis, and on the value of the
standard deviation), but the Actual Capability Index Cpk, on the other
hand, does depends on how centered the process is with respect to the
range of admissible values of the parameter or requirement under
analysis (for its calculation the difference of the upper and lower limit
values of the parameter or requirement under analysis with respect to
the mean value of the process is taken into account).
b. The Actual Capability Index Cpk does not depend on how
focused the process is in relation to the allowable values of the
parameter or requirement under analysis.
c. The Potential Capability Index Cp does not depend on how
focused the process is in relation to the allowable values of the
parameter or requirement under analysis.
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The correct answer is: The Potential Capability Index Cp does not
depend on how focused the process is in relation to the admissible
values of the parameter or requirement under analysis.

Question 4
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Maria Elena has decided to implement a Quality Management

System in accordance with ISO 9001. But he has no in-depth
knowledge of either the standard or the steps to follow. That's
why I ask you what is the PHVA cycle and what is it for.
Select one:
a. PHVA is a process design methodology that stands for Define
- Measure - Analyze - Design - Verify.
b. PHVA refers to a continuous improvement cycle that is
divided into four stages: Plan - Do - Check - Act.
The PHVA, PDCA or Deming improvement cycle is a cyclical process of
Continuous Improvement consisting of four stages: Plan - Do - Check -
Act.
c. PHVA is a statistical process calculation procedure.
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The correct answer is: PHVA refers to a continuous improvement cycle

that is divided into four stages: Plan - Do - Check - Act.

Question 5
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Statement of the question

Problems with the laptops and the fear of "sinking" the

business have led Humberto to rethink quality management in
his company. To this end, it has decided to move to process
management, and the process it has begun to analyze and
improve is the laptop manufacturing process, since it is the one
that is causing the most problems. After a thorough analysis,
he has opted to change it completely and reengineer it. Which
of the following techniques or tools would you propose to use
for this purpose:
Select one:
a. Statistical process control.
b. The value chain map.
c. Design of experiments.
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The correct answer is: The design of experiments.

Question 6
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Raul, for his part, needs to know if they could accept the
project offered by the microelectronics company without
incurring losses.
Select one:
a. Yes.
b. No.
For the possible project of drilling parts for a microelectronics
company, with a permissible bore diameter of 10 µm, with a tolerance of
-0% /+1%, (the possible values will then be between 10.0 µm and 10.1
µm), we set the drilling machine to a nominal value of 10.05 µm, which
is right in the middle of the range of 10.05 µm.For a possible drilling
project for a microelectronics company, with a permissible hole
diameter of 10 µm, with tolerance of -0% /+1%, (possible values will
then be between 10.0 µm and 10.1 µm), we set the drilling machine to a
nominal value of 10.05 µm, which is right in the middle of the range of
valid hole diameter values.
According to the tests carried out with this nominal value of the drilling
diameter, the distribution of the values obtained, according to the
information provided, corresponds to the normal function:
N(µ; σ ) = N(10.05;0.03)
For the mean value µ will coincide with the nominal value to which the
machine has been adjusted (10.05 µm), and the deviation σ is a data
determined and provided in the exercise (0.03 µm).
As the machine has a self-adjustment mechanism, there will not be a
deviation of its mean value µ as estimated by Mikel Harry: deviation of µ
equal to 1.5 σ; i.e., we will consider that the mean value µ remains
centered on the nominal value for which we adjust the machine.
The probability that the diameter of a borehole is within the range
allowed by the customer (10.0 µm - 10.1 µm) will be:
We have thus moved from the normal function N(10.05;0.03) to the
standard normal function N(0;1), for which there are tables to determine
the value of the same (probability) according to the values taken by the
variable z.
P(-1,66≤z≤1,66)=P(z≤1,66)- P(z≤-1,66)= 2×P(z≤1,66) -1
Resorting to the tables of P(z) value in the normal distribution N(0;1),
we have that:
P(z≤1,66)= 0,9515
And therefore:
P(-1.66≤z≤1.66)=2×P(z≤1.66) -1= 2×0.9515-1=0.903
Therefore, the probability that the diameter of a bore is within the
margin váThis is 90.3%, higher than the 90.0% limit set to accept the
project (corresponding to a maximum percentage of defective holes of
10%). Therefore, THE PROJECT CAN BE ACCEPTED.
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The correct answer is: Yes.

Question 7
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Statement of the question

Among the 7 principles of quality management contained in ISO

9001, it does NOT include:
Select one:
a. Communication and training.
The ISO 9001 standard proposes a total quality management model that
must be based on the following 7 principles: Customer focus,
Leadership, People commitment, Process approach, Improvement,
Evidence-based decision making and Relationship management.
Communication and training is therefore not expressly included among
these 7 principles, but it must be said that it is necessary for a quality
management system in compliance with ISO 9001.
b. Leadership.
c. Customer focus.
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The correct answer is: Communication and training.

Question 8
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In relation to process management, within the association to

which you have been invited, there is a much debated topic on
which they cannot agree, so that some associate has not
hesitated to ask you the question. What type of accounting
management process does it belong to?
Select one:
a. Strategic.
b. Depends on the business of each company.
c. Support.
The processes will be of one type or another depending on the
company's business. For example, an advisory or management company
that provides services to other companies in their accounting
management, accounting management is part of its production process
and forms part of its operational processes (neither strategic nor
support).
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The correct answer is: It depends on each company's business.

Question 9
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Statement of the question
Maria Isabel attended a conference on Six Sigma a few months
ago. As he found the topic interesting, he has read about it, and
some times he has discussed with his brother Raul the
introduction of Six Sigma quality management in the design and
manufacturing processes. In fact, the Swiss watchmaking
manufacturer customer has asked them on occasion how many
Sigma they have in the drilling operation they do in their gears
(for the calculation of Sigma we are going to take into account
that as the machine has a self-adjusting mechanism, there is
not going to be a deviation of its mean µ value like the one
estimated by Mikel Harry: µ deviation equal to 1.5 σ; i.e. we are
going to consider that the mean value µ remains centered on
the nominal value for which we adjust the machine).
Select one:
a. Three Sigma.
To determine the Sigma ( σ) value, one must begin by determining the
number of defects per million opportunities (DPMO). As there have been
5 defects in 1,000 units processed, and taking into account that there
are two opportunities for failure: diameter and position of the bore, the
result is 2,500 DPMO. Referring to the table that relates the number of
Sigmas ( σ) to the number of DPMO (when there is no Mikel Harry's
deviation), we see that 2 σ corresponds to 5,400 DPMO, 3 σ to 2,700
DPMO and 4 σ to 63 DPMO. Therefore, the solution is 3 Sigma.
b. Four Sigma.
c. Two Sigma
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The correct answer is: Three Sigma.

Question 10
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Humberto urgently needs to reduce the number of failures in his
laptops. It is agreed to solve the main defects until the costs
due to failures are reduced by at least 80%. As you know from
your previous experience that it is not always possible to
completely avoid the elimination of a failure (there is always a
minimal possibility that a failure may occur in some equipment
that is presumably solved), you propose to make the hypothesis
that the resolution of a failure means reducing the costs it
causes by 95% (admitting 5% of costs for residual repetitions
of the failure).
After the appropriate calculations, which defects must be
solved in order to reduce your non-quality costs by at least
80%.
Select one:
a. Defects 5 (the battery discharges too quickly), 3 (some keys
end up blocking and after being pressed, do not return to their
original position) and 4 (the hard disk breaks down and stops
working) which are the ones with the highest unit cost.
The aim is to find those defects that are accounting for 80% of the
failure costs. The ones with the highest unit cost do not have to be the
ones that cost the most, it depends on the number of failures. To
determine the solution, it is necessary to calculate the total costs of
each type of failure, and then make a Pareto chart to determine how
many and which, once resolved, would eliminate at least 80% of the
current costs, admitting that even when resolved, sporadic failures may
occur whose cost does not exceed 5% of the current cost of the failure.
The total cost of failure 3 (some key ends up locking and after being
pressed, it does not return to its original position) is low because it is a
rare failure (it is the seventh highest cost), so it will not be among
those that account for 80% of the total cost of failures.
b. Defects 5 (the battery discharges too quickly), 4 (the hard
disk fails and stops working) and 6 (failure of the mains
connection cable and battery charging, due to failure of the
converter transformer).
c. Defects 5 (the battery discharges too quickly) and 4 (the hard
disk crashes and stops working).
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The correct answer is: Defects 5 (battery discharges too quickly), 4

(hard disk crashes and stops working) and 6 (failure of the mains
connection cable and battery charging, due to failure of the converter
transformer).