Measurement and

Safety in Physical
Science
In this presentation, we will explore the importance of measurement and
safety in physical science, including the use of models and the international
system of units.
by Abdallah Hawary
The Power of Models
Build Scientific Knowledge
By working with models, we can develop
a deeper understanding of scientific
principles. They can also help us identify
gaps in our understanding and guide
future research.
1 Visualize Information
Models help us understand complex
scientific concepts by making them
2 easier to visualize. They can be used to
create simulations of everything from
atoms to galaxies.
3 Save Time and Money
Models can save time and money by
allowing scientists to test hypotheses
and run experiments without having to
build expensive equipment or conduct
time-consuming experiments.
The International System of Units
Length
The meter is the basic unit of length in the
international system of units. This is defined as
the distance light travels in a vacuum in
1/299,792,458 of a second.
Mass
The kilogram is the basic unit of mass in the
international system of units. This is defined as
the mass of the international prototype of the
kilogram, which is a platinum-iridium cylinder
kept at the International Bureau of Weights and
Measures.
Volume
The liter is the basic unit of volume in the
international system of units. This is defined as
the volume of a cube that is 10 cm x 10 cm x 10
cm.
Derived Quantities
Derived quantities like area and density can be
expressed in terms of the basic units of length,
mass, and time.
Safety First

Wear Protective Gear Know the Symbols Be Prepared

Always wear appropriate Familiarize yourself with safety Make sure to have a first aid kit
protective gear, such as goggles symbols and follow all warning and emergency phone numbers
and gloves, when working with signs and labels. on hand in case of accidents.
chemicals or equipment.
What is a Model?

Representation Abstraction
A model is a representation of an Models use abstraction to simplify
object, system, or process that helps complex systems or processes,
us understand how it works. highlighting the most important
features.

Prediction
Models can help us predict how a
system or process will behave under
different conditions, allowing
scientists to test hypotheses and
develop new theories.
Models in Action
Climate Change
Climate models use data on
temperatures, ocean currents,
and other factors to predict
how Earth's climate will change
over time.
Material Science
Scientists use models to study
the structure of materials at the
atomic level, helping to design
new materials with specific
properties.
Astronomy
Astronomers use models to
study the behavior of planets,
stars, and galaxies, making
predictions about their
movements and evolution.
Model Types
Mathematical Models
Mathematical models use equations,
simulations, or other mathematical tools
to describe and predict how a system or
process will behave under different
conditions.
1 Physical Models
Physical models are three-dimensional
representations of an object, system, or
2 process, such as a scale model of a
building or a model of a cell.
3 Conceptual Models
Conceptual models use diagrams,
graphs, or other visual tools to represent
the key features of a system or process,
highlighting relationships between
variables.
Measuring Instruments
Instrument Measure Units
Balance Mass Grams (g)
Ruler Length Meters (m)
Graduated Cylinder Volume Liters (L)