Principally settling tanks

are employed,
• The process of separation in the
where the oil is settling tank can be sped up to a
undisturbed in the tank, certain extent by

mediums of higher relative heating the tank contents.

density than the oil
gravitate to the bottom of
the tank where there are
discharged periodically
(drain valve) .
( Steam heating coils )
do not to heat the oil too high to
prevent vaporizing and condensation.

Filtration:
process to removes unwanted particles of material
which could cause damage to pumps and engine, from the oil.
*does not separate water from oils,
but water coalescing and water repellant filter cartridges can allow it.

• Wire gauze type filters are made with coarse of fine

mesh depending upon the positioning of the filter unit
in the oil piping system.

• No water sealing (interface)

• No distribution holes on the disc
• Only collect sludge and solid particles
• No bowl hood required
• Need greater centrifugal settling force
- Dam ring or gravity disc remain stay still
• Oil-water interface needed
(to prevent oil overflowing) coarse mesh suctions filters = cold oil
fine mesh discharge filters =heated oil
• Needed distribution holes
• separation and clarification take place between
discs
• Water, sludge and solid particles collected
• Bowl hood required (water-clean oil discharge • Filters and strainers both substantially filter out the
border) contaminants in FO,LO and water onboard.
• lower centrifugal settling force
- Dam ring (gravity disc) should be changing * to prevent the contaminants, debris or foreign matter
depend on oil density from entering & damaging the pumps’s running parts.

* Strainers remove larger particles

* filters remove small contaminants, ( cannot see by
naked eye )
.
• In normal operation, dirty oil from the settling tank would be pumped through the filter to service tank.
Impurities will be collected on the outer surfaces of the filters thus resulting in an increase in pressure difference
across the filter.

• When the pressure difference reaches the setting limits ( about 0.4 bar), a signal from the differential
pressure switch will be sent to the controller in order to control both valve into back-flushing cleaning
operation.

• This operation will cleansed dirty oil filter within about 60 seconds.

• At the end of the cleaning period valve configuration and the system back to normal operation.

• If the water presence, water detection probe send signal to controller causes the valve B or C to open (depend
on which unit in operation) and automatically closes back when water completely discharge to sludge tank.

• Sludge and water in the sludge tank are automatically discharge to sludge storage tank.
• The relatively clean oil on top of the base tank will overflows to settling tank for recycling.

In auto backwash filters, when the pressure difference

increases, it indicates that the filter getting clogged,

then, the auto system will cuts off the filter and opens the
bypass. The auto wash takes place with the help of an
electric motor connected to a shaft which cleans the filter.

During this operation, the drain of the filter gets open.

 • By using gravitation analogy in gravity settling tank.

The term of separation is used to describe the
separation of two liquids usually oil and water.
it is a centrifuge arranged for
separation and continuous discharge
of two liquids.
• In a purifier arranged to operate as a
centrifugal separator
2.
• Water first fed into the tank at (a) until level (b) is reached or
overflow of water take place at (b) then stopped.
Any additional water added would not increase the level of the
water above (b).
• Next oil is supplied into the tank at (a) and the oil will
displace some of the water in the tank. The amounts of
displacement depend upon the oil density.
-Separation occur when oil overflowing at (c).

any solids which are present will accumulate
upon the side of the bowl,
hence the clarification takes place at the
same time as separation.
• Hence the quantity of water forming the seal or interface line
remains constant. However, high density of oil is supplied will
cause the oil-water interface level (b) to reach (d) thus oil will
discharge or overflowing at (b) and no oil discharge at (c) called
loss of seal.

• A similar process takes place in the centrifugal separator,

formed by rotating the settling tank through 90o. The principle
analogous to that of gravitational separation described above.

3.
• Water is first delivered to the centrifuge and when discharge
of water take place at (b) the water supply is shut off.

•Then oil is delivered at (a), some of the water is displaced and

when oil and water are being separately and continuously
discharged, the centrifugal separator is operational.

• However a water
The water dam ring (gravity disc) is used seal is necessary
to created interface line
- to vary the position of (b) by changing the size
- so that the oil-water interface is as near as possible to (d) without oil in other word to
discharging at (b) prevent overflow.
- to ensures large quantity of oil in centrifugal separator, thus given
throughput rate the oil will be in separator for as long a time as practicable for
good separation and clarification
• clarification is define as :-

separation of solids from a liquid

such as sands, metals particles.

Clarifier is :-

A centrifuge arranged to
discharge a single liquid’s.

By using gravitation analogy in gravity settling tank.

2.
•Oils containing solids is fed into the tank at (a) and as
the oil flows to (b) , the solids present in the oil gravitate
to the bottom of the tank.

•The heaviest solids deposit first at (a) and the lighter

solids which are carried forward by the flow of the oil
deposit nearer to (b)
—————————————————————————-
3.
• A similar process takes place in the centrifugal
clarification, formed by rotating the settling tank analogy
through 90o. Oils containing solids is fed in at (a) and
thrown by centrifugal force to the side of the rotating
bowl.
• Heaviest solids present in the oil pass through the oil to
the bowl side and accumulate near the bottom and the
lighter solids towards the top
 ACTION of PARTICLES IN A DISC

• Oil flow in stream line between two parallel plates – viscosity varies

• Zero in contact plate and maximum at the mid-point between plates

• A particle entering into the plates will tend to be pushed upwards by the fluid flow.
• All the time centrifugal force tends to retard the horizontal component of the
movement causing the particle to approach the underside of the top disc.
• As it approaches the fluid flow velocity reduces.
filters could be of various types mainly simplex filters,duplex
filters, by-pass and full flow filters.
A simplex filter is a simple basket filter which is fitted in the
line;

• The centrifugal force eventually overcomes the force acting on the particle due to a duplex filter is arranged in a pair and hence one filter could
fluid movement and the particle starts to move towards the outer rim or bowl end. be used and the other could be cleaned and kept as stand-by
• The centrifugal force acting on a particle is proportional to its mass therefore a small a bypass filter takes a part of the fluid from the line,filters and
particle will tend to move further under the influence of fluid flow. returns it back to the suction side of the pump.

a full flow filter takes the complete amount of discharge from

the pump for filtration.

The magnitude of the force depends upon

i) Mass of particles
ii) speed
iii) Disc radius or angle to horizontal

• Indeed a particle small enough will be carried

through the plates and out with the discharge. • The contaminants,mainly metallic in nature are divided into 3 main categories :-

• In this way it can be seen that reducing the flow rate • Diamagnetic materials are actually repelled by the magnets and in extreme cases,
to a purifier will tend to increase the quality of the weakly attracted to the magnets when subjected to very strong magnetic fields.
output. Further, these materials do not retain the magnetic properties when the external
magnetic field is removed.
• The factor affecting the limit size of particles : -
• Paramagnetic materials on the contrary are weakly attracted to the magnets and do
i) Oil viscosity – pre-heated to as high as practicable not retain the magnetic properties when the external magnetic field is removed.
ii) Disc spacing Disc diameter
iii) Disc inclination to the vertical (angle) • Ferromagnetic materials on the contrary are strongly attracted to the magnetic
iv) Speed of rotation
fields and retain the magnetic properties when the external magnetic field is removed.
v) Throughput – low throughput get better oil
discharge
• Strainers act as the first point of contact for the removal of impurities and hence are
supposed to run clean.
 Figure shows diagrammatically the method of sealing and sludge
ejection for a self-cleaning purifier, either manual operation or
automatic time setting for sludging.

• When the purifier requires to be cleared of sludge, the oil supply is shut off and supplied operating
water (high pressure – pump) to ports F or change over operating water supply from G to F ports.

• The hydraulic pressure created in space E is sufficient to push or open spring- loaded valves
and the operating water from D will be discharged and sliding bowl A will fall, the bowl seal will
now broken and the sludge ejection will take place.

Bowls A, B and C are all keyed to the central drive spindle, B and C are secured so there unable • After ejection sound cleared, the purifier then can be bring back into its normal operation or
to move vertically however A is free. stop operation.

• The purifier first brought to operating speed (constant ampere reading) and
operating water (low pressure – gravity tank) is then supplied to space D through
supply ports G. Due to centrifugal forces, the water pressure in space D moves/
push sliding bowl A vertically to form a seal at the bowl periphery.

• Operating water (low pressure – gravity tank) is then supplied to space D

through supply ports G. Due to centrifugal forces, the water pressure in space D
moves/push sliding bowl A vertically to form a seal at the bowl periphery.

• Sealing water and then oil would next be supplied to the purifier in the usual
way. Interface line theoretically located in the distribution hole.

• When oil start flowing out through clean oil outlet, purification operation
considered done. In this operation normally some water may discharge through
water outlet line related to the oil density.