4.

Ancient Greek civilisation began around 900 BCE at the conclusion of the Greek Dark Ages and
lasted until 600 CE. Historians have divided Ancient Greek History into four periods to make sense of
these shifts. First, there was Archaic Greece, which lasted from 800 to 480 BCE and saw Greece rise
from the Dark Ages that followed the demise of the Mycenaean civilization. Second, Classical Greece
lasted from approximately 499 to 323 BCE, between the Persian Wars at the beginning of the fifth
century B.C. and Alexander the Great's death in 323 B.C. Following that is Hellenistic Greece, which
lasted from 323 to 149 BCE. The Hellenistic period of Greek history begins with the death of
Alexander the Great in 323 BC and concludes with Rome's conquest of the Greek peninsula and
islands. Finally, there was Roman Greece, which lasted from 149 BCE to 600 CE and saw Greece
conquered by the Roman Republic and brought under its authority.

5. The concepts behind the ancient Greeks' democratic system of government are still in use today,
making it one of the most significant contributions of the Greek civilisation. They have also
significantly contributed to the advancement of mathematics, science, literature, architecture,
philosophy, medicine, engineering, and art, all of which are now considered to be beneficial.