MBCHB Curriculum - MU

MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION
HIGHER EDUCATION AUTHORITY

The Higher Education Act No. 4 of 2013
APPLICATION FOR ACCREDITATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION LEARNING

PROGRAMMES
IN ALL PUBLIC AND PRIVATE HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
(Part IV, Section 20 (h))
A. INSTRUCTIONS
A Higher Education institutions applying for Accreditation of Higher Education Learning

Programmes should send this Application Form to:
The Director General

Higher Education Authority
P.O. Box 50464
LUSAKA
B. ADMINISTRATIVE DATA
Name of Higher Education Institution
MULUNGUSHI UNIVERSITY
Contact details for the Higher Education Institution
Physical Address Mulungushi University, Great North Road Campus,

Kabwe, Zambia
Postal Address Mulungushi University, P O Box 80415, Kabwe, Zambia
Telephone Numbers 0215 228 003
Fax Number 0215 228 003
E-mail Address dvc@mu.ac.zm
Contact Person DR. JUDITH N.LUNGU
Designation of Contact Person Deputy Vice Chancellor
C1. INTRODUCTION
Applicants for Accreditation of Higher Education Learning Programmes under the Higher
Education Act No. 4 of 2013 are required, under Part IV, Section 20(h), to provide information
on the Learning Programmes which the Higher Education Institution wishes to offer. This
information will relate, but not limited, to the following:
1. Aims and Objectives

2. Curriculum
3. Assessment
4. Staff
5. Facilities and Teaching and Learning Support
6. Internal Quality Assurance
7. Financial Resources
8. Appendices
C2. DETAILS OF HIGHER EDUCATION LEARNING PROGRAMMES
Programme Reference MBChB 703001

Number
Name of Learning Programme BACHELOR OR MEDICINE AND BACHELOR OF
SURGERY (MBChB)
C2.0 Aims and Objectives
Rationale of the Learning Programme in relation to national and/or regional human resources
demands.
C2.1.1 Introduction
In 2013, the then Ministry of Health Permanent Secretary, wrote a letter to Mulungushi
University in which he requested the Institution to open a Medical School. The Vice Chancellor
constituted an Administrative Working Group. The Administrative Working Group made
consultative visits to Lusaka Apex Medical University (LAMU), University Teaching Hospital
(UTH), Health Professions Council of Zambia (HPCZ), Copperbelt University School of Medicine
(CBU-SoM) Ndola Central Hospital Campus, Provincial Medical Office Central; Kabwe
Mine/General Hospitals (PMO&KM/GH), Provincial Medical Office Southern, and Livingstone
Central Hospital (PMO & LCH) and University of Zambia School of Medicine (UNZA -SoM)
Ridgeway Campus. From the various consultative meetings held, it became clear that
Livingstone Central Hospital was the most suitable venue to host the Mulungushi University
School of Medicine. This readiness of LCH to host the School of Medicine was reiterated in
the speech for the official opening of the Fifth Session of the Eleventh National Assembly
by the President, His Excellency Mr. Edgar Chagwa Lungu, on 18th September 2015. In
November 2015 the University Council authorized Mulungushi University to open the School of
Medicine and Livingstone Central Hospital was chosen to host the School. Since then, a number
of developments have taken place and these include appointment of Founding Dean, lecturers
and recruitment of Support Staff, curriculum development, application for approval of training
programs to Health Professions Council of Zambia (HPCZ), infrastructure development
finalizing and signing of memorandum of understanding (MoU), and identification of potential
boarding houses for students.
C2.1.2 Rationale
The heavy disease burden and chronic shortage of expert manpower have been a persistent
hindrance to the provision of quality health care in Zambia. In order to ameliorate the problem
Mulungushi University Council approved the establishment of a third public Medical School to
be hosted by Livingstone Central Hospital. There are other challenges in the provision of
medical services such as HIV, changing demographics due to migration and population increase;
and this has necessitated the development of this curriculum model to embrace both individual
treatments and community based approach to disease prevention and control. Therefore this
curriculum is designed to produce graduates who are fit to practice medicine and demonstrate
an ability to think critically; and apply clinical knowledge, skills and attitudes appropriate to all
aspects of clinical practice and disease control. The graduating students should therefore be
competent in both curative and preventive medicine; and should be able to monitor disease
patterns in communities and plan interventions if necessary.
C2.1.3 Aims of the programme

To produce a competent, caring and ethical physician who puts the interests of the patient and
community first.
C2.1.4 Objectives of the programme

At the end of the program students should be able to:
a) Describe the important anatomical and physiological processes of the human body
b) Explain the pathophysiology of diseases
c) Explain the rationale for the use of different drugs
d) Demonstrate understanding of medical ethics
e) Demonstrate knowledge of history taking
f) Examine a patient thoroughly
g) Interpret laboratory findings
h) Diagnose the condition a patient is suffering from.
i) Formulate management plan for the patient
j) Explain principles of epidemiology in public health
k) Explain determinants of health status in communities
l) Monitor and assess the progress of the patient on treatment
m) Present and discuss different cases
Number
Name of Learning Programme BACHELOR OF MEDICINE AND BACHELOR OF
SURGERY (MBChB).
C2.2 Curriculum
Details of Learning Outcomes, Teaching and Learning Plans, Levels of Qualifications and
Articulation in the Zambia Qualifications Framework
C2.2.1 Program Learning outcomes
At the end of this training program, the graduate should have acquired:
1. Competence (cognitive, psychomotor and attitudes) in applied basic and clinical sciences
relevant to the practice of medicine
2. Competence (cognitive, psychomotor and attitudes) in clinical skills and patient care
3. Competence (cognitive, psychomotor and attitudes) in decision making skills, clinical
reasoning and judgement.
4. An understanding of the doctor’s role in the health service
5. An understanding of the scientific methods and research principles
6. Professionalism and ethical practice
7. Competence in interpersonal and communication skills
8. Leadership and management skills
9. Computer literacy and use of appropriate technology
10. Competence in scholarship and lifelong learning
C2.2.2 Teaching and Learning Plan
Table 1. Teaching and Learning Plan Year 1 (Premedical foundation)
COURSE COURSE TITLE Lectures Tutorials Laboratory Total Hours

CODE
Hrs/ No. of Hrs/ No. of Hrs/ No. of
Wk Wks Wk Wks Wk Wks
Semester 1
BIO 111 Bio-molecules and Cells 3 14 1 14 3 14 98
CHE 111 Introductory Chemistry I 3 14 1 14 3 14 98
PHY 101 Introduction to Physics I 3 14 1 14 3 14 98
MSM 111 Mathematical Method I 3 14 1 14 - - 56
BMG 101 Ethics & Sustainable 3 14 1 14 - - 56
Behaviour in Society
TOTAL 406
Semester 2
BIO 112 Molecular Biology and 3 14 1 14 3 14 98
Genetics
CHE 112 Introductory Chemistry II 3 14 1 14 3 14 98
PHY 102 Introduction to Physics II 3 14 1 14 3 14 98
MSM 112 Mathematical Method II 3 14 1 14 - - 56
TOTAL 350
Table 2. Teaching and Learning Plan Year 2 (Preclinical)
Course Course title Contact Hours

Code
Lectures Tutorial Laboratory Seminars Field Work Assessment Total
and Self study Hours
Hrs/ No. Hrs/ No. Hrs/ No. Hrs/ No. Hrs/ No. Hrs/ No. of
Wk of Wk of Wk of Wk of Wk of Wk Wks
Wks Wks Wks Wks Wks
Semester 1
MAN 211 Human Anatomy(Embryology and 6 14 1 14 3 14 140
Histology)
MPG 221 Human Physiology (General 4 14 1 14 3 14 112
Physiology)
MPA 231 Pathology (General Pathology) 4 14 1 14 3 14 112
8MMI Microbiology( General Microbiology) 4 14 1 7 3 14 105
241
MPC 251 Pharmacology (General 4 14 1 7 3 7 98
Pharmacology)
MBI 261 Biochemistry (Metabolism) 2 14 1 7 3 7 63
MBC271 Behavioral Sciences and 2 14 1 14 42
Communication Skills
Total 672
Semester 2
MAN 212 Human Anatomy (Osteology and 4 14 0.5 14 3 14 119
Regional-Head and Neck, upper limb,
thoracic cage and viscera)
MPG 222 Human Physiology(Blood, CVS, RS, 4 14 1 14 3 14 112
Bone and calcium metabolism
MPA 232 Pathology (CVS, RS, MSS) 4 14 1 14 3 14 112
MMI 242 Microbiology (CVS, RS, MSS) 4 14 1 14 70
MPC 252 Pharmacology (CVS, RS) 4 14 1 14 1 14 84
MPU 282 Public Health (CBE, Biostatistics and 6 2 10 1 8 7 78
Epidemiology)
Total 575
Table 3. Teaching and Learning Plan Year 3 (Preclinical)

Code
Lectures Tutorial Laboratory Seminars Field Work Assessment Total
and Self study Hours
Hrs/ No. Hrs/ No. Hrs/ No. Hrs/ No. Hrs/ No. Hrs/ No. of
Wk of Wk of Wk of Wk of Wk of Wk Wks
Wks Wks Wks Wks Wks
Semester 1
MAN Human Anatomy(Digestive, 2 14 0.5 14 6 14 119
311 Genitourinary and reproductive
systems)
MPG Human Physiology (Digestive, Renal, 4 14 1 14 3 14 112
321 Endocrine and Reproductive Systems))
MPA Pathology (Digestive, Genitourinary 4 14 1 14 3 14 112
331 and Endocrine Systems)
MMI Microbiology( Digestive and 4 14 3 14 98
341 Genitourinary System)
MPC Pharmacology (Digestive, 3 14 1 14 3 7 77
351 Genitourinary, Reproductive and
Endocrine Systems)
Total 518
Semester 2
MAN Human Anatomy (Neuroanatomy) 4 14 1 14 3 14 112
312
MPG Human Physiology(Neurophysiology) 4 14 1 14 3 14 112
322
MPA Pathology (Nervous System and 4 14 3 14 1 14 112
332 Hematology)
MMI Microbiology (Nervous System, HIV, 4 14 1 14 70
342 Skin)
MPC Pharmacology (Nervous System, 4 14 1 14 1 14 84
352 Chemotherapy, General Topics)
MPU Public Health (Research Methods and 9 2 9 2 8 7 51
382 Health Promotion)
MEC Medical Ethics and Clinical Skills 2 14 2 7 42
392
Total 625
Table 4. Teaching and Learning Plan Year 4 ( TERM SYSTEM-4 TERMS/ACADEMIC YEAR)
Clinical clerkship and Public Health

Code
Lectures Bedside Teaching Seminars Field Assessme Total
teaching/ Rounds/c Work nt and Hours
Tutorial linics/ Self study
admission
Hrs/ No. Hrs No. Hrs No. Hrs No. Hrs No Hrs No.
Wk of / of / of / of / . of / of
Wk Wk Wk Wk Wk Wk Wk Wk W Wk Wk
s s s s ks s
MIM 410 Internal Medicine 2 28 5 7 12 7 175
MGS 410 General Surgery 1 28 4 7 12 7 1 7 147
MOG 410 Obstetrics and Gynecology 1 28 4 7 12 7 1 7 147
MPC 410 Pediatrics and Child Health 2 28 4 7 12 7 1 7 147
MPU 480 Public Health 2 28 3 14 98
Total 854
Table 5. Teaching and Learning Plan Year 5 (TERM SYSTEM-4 TERMS/ACADEMIC YEAR)
Clinical clerkship and Public Health/Research defense.

Code
Lectures Bedside Teaching Seminars Field Assessm Total
teaching Rounds/ work ent and Hours.
/ clinics/a Self
Tutorial dmission study
s
Hrs No. Hrs No. Hrs No. Hrs No. Hrs No Hrs No.
/ of / of / of / of / . of / of
Wk Wk Wk Wk Wk Wk Wk Wk Wk W Wk Wk
s s s s ks s
MPU Public Health and Project 2 14 12 4 12 4 56 2 236
580
MEI Emergency and Intensive Care 5 28 1 28 168
510 Medicine
MSS Surgical Subspecialties 4 28 2 7 4 7 154
510
MMS Medical Subspecialties 2 28 1 14 70
510
MPS Psychiatry 4 28 1 7 3 7 140
510
MFJ Forensic Medicine and Medical 2 28 4 7 84
510 Jurisprudence
Total 852
Table 6. Teaching and Learning Plan Year 6 (TERM SYSTEM-4 TERMS/ACADEMIC YEAR)
Clinical Clerkships

Code
Lectures Bedside Teaching Seminars Field Assessm Total
teaching Rounds/ work ent and Hours
/ clinics/a Self
Tutorial dmission study
s
Hrs No. Hrs No. Hrs No. Hrs No. Hrs No Hrs No.
/ of / of / of / of / . of / of
Wk Wk Wk Wk Wk Wk Wk Wk Wk W Wk Wk
s s s s ks s
MIM 610 Internal Medicine 2 28 5 7 12 7 1 7 182
MGS 610 General Surgery 2 28 5 7 12 7 1 7 182
MOG 610 Obstetrics and Gynecology 1 28 4 7 12 7 1 7 147
MPC 610 Pediatrics and Child Health 1 28 4 7 12 7 1 7 147
Total 658
C2.2.3 Level of Qualification in the Zambia Qualifications Framework
ZAQA Level: 7
C2.2.4. Articulation in the Zambia Qualifications Framework
ZQF Articulation (Entry requirements):

For entry at year 2, the first year in the Medical School a candidate:
a) Should have done and successfully passed year 1 courses offered at Mulungushi University Great North Campus in Kabwe
b) OR should have a minimum of 1 year A levels in Pure sciences (Mathematics, Biology, Physics and Chemistry) from an MU recognized
institution within the last 5 years.
c) OR Should have a Bachelor’s degree in any science related field (Biological Sciences, Pharmacy, Biomedical Sciences, Nursing,
Physiotherapy, Clinical Sciences etc).
d) Must have 5 ‘O’ levels at grade twelve or equivalent at credit or better including English, Mathematics, Biology, Science or any of the pure
Science subjects
e) Female and rural applicants are encouraged to apply.
NB; The Senate selections/admissions committee shall deal with transfer or any other special cases on a case by case basis depending on
presenting results transcripts of candidate and availability of spaces.
C2.2.5 Programme Coordinator: Dr. Roy Chavuma
C2.2.6 Staff
Table 7: Staff
(a) Academic Staff
Title Surname Other Gender Highest Teaching Professional Academic Full time
Names qualification experience and work Rank (FT)
in higher experience Part-time
education (Yrs) (PT)
(Yrs) Honorary
(H)
Temporary
(T)
Dr Sijumbila Gibson Male MD Over 11 Over 25 Dean/Senior FT
years years Lecturer
Prof Ezeala Christian Male PhD Professor FT
Dr Chavuma Roy Male MMED (Surg) Over 21 over 27 Senior FT
years years Lecturer
Dr Mushabati Festus Male MSc Over 6 Over 6 Lecturer I FT
years years
Mr Kamvuma Kingsley Male MSc 1 6 Lecturer III FT
Mr Mulemena John Male MSc 2 Over 10 Lecturer III FT
Dr Kachimba John Male MMED MMED Over 27 Lecturer H
(Surg) 15years
Dr Chiyenu Oliver Male MMED Over 10 22 Lecturer H
(Int.Med) years
Dr Hansingo Isaiah Male MMED(OBGY) Over 5 21 Lecturer H
years
Dr Mutengo Katongo Female MMED(Int.Med) 2 years 9 Lecturer H
Dr. Fubisha Robert Male MMED(Paed) Over 5years 22 Lecturer H
Dr Ahmed Sheik Male MMED Over 5 22 Lecturer H
(Psychiatry) years
Dr. Chiwele Mutuna Male MMED (Surg) 2 Over 9 Lecturer H
years
Dr Miyoba Michelo Male MMED (Surg) 2 Over 9 Lecturer H
years
Dr Ivachenko Sergy Male Euqivalent Over 5 21 Lecturer H
MMED years
orthopedics
Mr Yusuf Ademola Male MSc (Human 4 4 Lecturer II FT
Anatomy)
(a) Support and Technical staff
Title Surname Other names Gender Highest Teaching Professional Rank Fulltime (FT)
Qualification experience in and work- Part-time (PT)
higher place Honorary (H)
education (Yrs) experience Temporary (T)
(Yrs)
Ms Mutukwa Macwani Female BSc Biological 1 Over 9 years Scientist PT
Sciences
Mr Mfune John Male BSc Biomedical 1 Over 5 years Scientist PT
Sciences
Mr Kunda Kennedy Male ICT N/A Over 5 years ICT officer FT
Mr Adrian Hantukumane Male MBA N/A Over 7 years Assistant FT
Registrar
Mr Mfula Justine Male Diploma N/A Over 10 years Admin officer FT
Mrs Musonda Josephine Female Diploma & N/A Over 10 years Dean’s PA FT
Munkombwe Advanced
Certificate
Mr Simwanza Samuel Male ZICA N/A Over 5 years Accountants FT
Professional Assistant
Mr Simukonda Erick Male Diploma N/A Over 3 years Senior Librarian FT
Assistant
Mr Silungwe Kapambwe Male CIPS Level 5 N/A Over 8 years Stores Clerk FT
Mr. Mukonda Seke Male Grade Twelve N/A Over 4 years Office Assistant FT
Mr Mupenda Lukwele Male Certificate N/A Over 3 years House Keeper FT
Mr Walele Mathews Male Degree N/A Over 6 years Lab Technician PT
Mr Mfuni Chuma Male Degree N/A Over 5 Years Lab technician PT
Ms Mulenga Eunice Female Degree N/A Over 3 Years Lab Technician PT
Ms Muleya Roydah Female Degree N/A 1 year Lab Technician PT
Mr Patson Sichamba Male Degree N/A Less than a year Lab Technician PT
Ms Kapaale Meekness Female Degree N/A Over 1 year Lab Technician PT
Ms Matipa Lubanda Female Degree N/A Over 1 year Lab Technician PT
Ms Hachiboola Annie Female Degree N/A Over 5 years Lab Technician PT
Ms Nangoma Mwaka Female Degree N/A Under 1 year Lab Technician PT
Ms Ngwewa Faith Female Degree N/A Under 1 year Lab Technician PT
Mr Chanda Alfred Male Degree N/A Over 5 years Lab Technician PT
Ms Manda Grace Female Degree N/A Over 5 years Lab Technician PT
Number
Name of Learning Programme BACHELOR OF MEDICINE AND BACHELOR OF SURGERY
(MBChB).
C2.3.Assessment
Methods of Assessments, validation and Security. Arrangements for Assessments of Dissertations
and Thesis in under-graduate Programmes.
C2.3.1 Methods of Assessments
Preclinical years (2nd and 3rd years)
 Continuous assessment 40%
a) Tests 35%
b) Labs/CBEs/Assignments 5%
 Final Examination 60%
a) Written (MCQs, applied Essays, scenarios, etc) 45%
b) Vivas 5%
c) Objective structured Questions/practicals 10%
Clinical years (4th, 5th, and 6th years)

 Continuous assessment (student professional profiles – [professionalism, team work
skills, dress code, attendance], log books, case write-ups, clinical assessments) -
40%.
 Final Examination (written papers & clinical exams/Objective Clinical Structured

Questions –OSCEs) –60%
a) written 20%
b) Clinical and OSCEs 35 %
c) Vivas 5%
NOTE: Failure in the clinical practical examinations entails failure in the entire
course.
C2.3.2 validation and Security.

a) Peer review of examination papers (Internal and external examiners).
b) Board of examiners meetings
c) Senate meetings on examinations
d) Secure student results management system with passwords.
e) Internal quality assurance committee
C2.3.3 Arrangements for Assessments of Dissertations

and thesis in Undergraduate Programmes.
a) Oral/hardcopy presentations of initial project reports – 30%
b) Ethical clearance of project proposal - 10%
c) Final oral defense and project report marked by internal examiners – 60%.
Number
Name of Learning Programme BACHELOR OF MEDICINE AND BACHELOR OF SURGERY
(MBChB).
C 2.4 Staff
Numbers and Qualifications of Staff for the Programme, including the balance between Full-Time
and part-Time Staff. (Please attach Curriculum Vitae of all Staff on this Programme)
Number
C 2.5 Name of Learning BACHELOR OF MEDICINE AND BACHELOR OF
Programme SURGERY (MBChB).
Facilities for Programme Delivery
Facilities provided and available for Teaching, Learning and Research
C 2.5.1 Facilities provided and available for Teaching,
a) Lecture hall in the School of Nursing with a sitting Capacity of about 120 students
b) A large hall, Capitol theatre, in town about 500 meters from the hospital previously
used as a cinema hall. It has a total sitting capacity of 380. The lower deck can
accommodate 290 and the upper deck 90.
c) There is a Medical Library with a sitting capacity of 65 and good internet
connectivity
d) Large Anatomy dissection laboratory
e) Teaching wards, clinics, theatres and other hospital facilities within Livingstone
Central Hospital, Kabwe Central hospital, and other clinical practicum sites.
f) Large administrative block with 16 offices.
g) Medical laboratory for other labs available
h) Skills laboratory available for use with Nursing School.
C2.5.2 Learning and Research

a) Access to ICT services (Moodle, internet access, etc).
b) The University has so far recruited a total of 7 full time lecturers to run the program.
It is an ongoing process and more will be recruited in due course.
c) Assistant Registrar, Medical Librarian, Administrative Officer, Accounts Officer,
Procurement Officer, Stores Officer, Secretary, Driver and general workers working.
d) The hospital has consultants in the main clinical specialties recruited as honorary
lecturers for the program.
e) There is good, reliable internet connectivity.
f) Adequate Laboratory equipment.
C2.5.3 Financial Resources
a) GRZ Regular Funding

b) Funds from government for infrastructure development
c) Funds from student tuition fees
d) Research and consultancy fees
e) Strategic partnerships with private corporations
Number
Programme SURGERY (MBChB).
Teaching and Learning Support
Facilities, Equipment and networks available to support Teaching and Learning.
C 2.6.1 Facilities available to support Teaching and Learning
a) Internet through ZAMREN
b) Students portal
c) Moodle
d) Exam management system
e) MU Website (http://mulibrary.mu.ac.zm)
f) Medical Library
C 2.6.2 Equipment available to support Teaching and Learning

a) Computer laboratory
b) Projectors
c) P.A. System
d) Laboratory models and equipment.
e) Clinical Skills lab (with LCH Nursing School).
C 2.6.3 networks available to support Teaching and Learning.

a) E-Resources (accessed through the library(http://mulibrary.mu.ac.zm )
b) Mu Website (http://mulibrary.mu.ac.zm)
c) CONSAMS
Number
Programme SURGERY (MBChB)
Internal Quality Assurance
Details in internal policy, strategies and institutional arrangements for Internal Quality
Assurance.
C2.7.1 Details in internal policy for Internal Quality Assurance
a) Peer review of examination papers and courses (internal and external examiners in
department)
b) The Board of examiners must approve school results before submitting to senate.
c) Senate to validate (approve or disapprove all matters relating to curriculum and
results).
d) Program Curriculum Review every 5 years.
e) Staff performance appraisal form per semester by respective Heads of Department
and put on Staff file for contract renewal/promotion.
f) Program evaluation (online) by students per semester.
C2.7.2 strategies and institutional arrangements for Internal Quality Assurance.

a) School has quality assurance policy/committee that reports to Senate and any legal
regulatory body Senate/Council permits to give reports.
b) Peer review of examination papers and courses (internal and external examiners in
department)
c) The Board of examiners approves school results before submitting to senate.
d) Senate to validate (approve or disapprove all matters relating to curriculum and
results).
e) Program Curriculum Review every 5 years.
f) Staff performance appraisal form per semester by respective Heads of Department
and placed on Staff file for contract renewal/promotion.
g) Program evaluation (online) by students per semester.
C3 OTHER INFORMATION

Number
C3 Name of Learning BACHELOR OF MEDICINE AND BACHELOR OF
Programme SURGERY (MBChB)
Other Information pertinent to this Learning Programme
C3.1 Partnerships and collaborations
a) Consortium of New Southern African Medicals - CONSAMS (Staff/student exchange
programs within SADC, assistance with programme
monitoring/evaluation, curriculum development/reviews, research collaborations).
b) UNZA AND CBU (public Universities).
c) Ministry of Health and Ministry of Higher Education.
d) Livingstone Central Hospital, Kabwe Central Hospital, Chipata Central Hospital,
Kitwe Teaching Hospital And Lewanika Central Hospital.
C3.2 MOU links
a) Ministry responsible for Health (at Livingstone Central Hospital).
b) Ministry responsible for Higher Education
c) Ministry of Health and Ministry of Higher Education
d) Livingstone Central Hospital, Kabwe Central Hospital, Chipata Central Hospital,
Kitwe Teaching Hospital and Lewanika Central Hospital.
NOTE: Applicants may use additional pages for additional Learning Programmes
C4. DECLARATION
I .……………………………………………...............…… confirm that the information I have given in the
Application Form is true.
Signed: ……………………………………………………………………………
Name
……………………………………………………...............………………………
Signature
………………………………………………............……………………………
Date
WITNESS ……………………………………………………………………….
Name
………………………………………………….…………………………………..
Signature
………………………………………………………………………………………
Date
APPENDICES
Appendix 1: Course Descriptions
Year 2
Semester 1 Semester 2
Subject Code Subject Code Course Coordination
Human HAN 211 Human HAN 212 Mr Ademola Yusuf
Anatomy Anatomy
Human MPG 221 Human MPG 222 Dr. Festus Mushabati
Physiology Physiology
Pathology MPA 231 Pathology MPA 232 Mr Kamvuma Kinsgley
Microbiology MMB Microbiology MMB Mr. John Mulemena
241 242
Pharmacology MPC 251 Pharmacology MPC 252 Prof Ezeala Christian
Biochemistry MBI 261 Public Health MPU 282 Dr. Sijumbila Gibson
Behavioral MBC 271 Ms Likando
Sciences and Sumbwanyambe
Communicatio
n skills
Course Title: Human Anatomy (Limbs, general embryology and general histology. Course Code:
MAN
1. 211
Rationale
Embryology and histology provide the basis for understanding tissue development
2. Aim
To introduce students to anatomy of the upper and lower limbs; and microscopic and
developmental aspects as a basis for clinical practice.
3. Objectives
By the end of the course, the student should be able to:
3.1. Describe the anatomical features of the upper and lower limbs
3.2. Demonstrate competence in use of a light microscope
3.3. Describe general histological features of human tissue
3.4. Outline gametogenesis
3.5. Describe development of an ambryo
3.6. Explain congenital anomalies and malformations.
4. Course Content
4.1. Principles of Anatomy: Anatomical nomenclature
4.2. Gross anatomy of upper and lower limb
4.2.1.Upper limb
4.2.1.1. Introduction to the upper limb
4.2.1.2. Osteology of the upper limb
4.2.1.3. Pectoral region
4.2.1.4. Breast
4.2.1.5. Axilla
4.2.1.6. Scapular region
4.2.1.7. Arm and cubital fossa
4.2.1.8. Fore arm and hand
4.2.1.9. Joints
4.2.1.10. Muscles, nerves, dermatomes and nerve injuries
4.2.1.11. Applied anatomy
4.2.2.Lower limb
4.2.2.1. Introduction to the lower limb
4.2.2.2. Osteology of the lower limb
4.2.2.3. Gluteal region
4.2.2.4. Thigh/femoral region
4.2.2.5. Popliteal fossa
4.2.2.6. Leg region
4.2.2.7. Foot
4.2.2.8. Archies of the foot
4.2.2.9. Blood supply and lymhatic grainage of the lower limb
4.2.2.10. Joints
4.2.2.11. Applied anatomy
4.3. Histology
4.3.1.Introduction to light microscopy and histological techniques
4.3.2.The Cell
4.3.3.Epithelia
4.3.3.1. Simple
4.3.3.1.1. Squamous
4.3.3.1.2. Cuboidal
4.3.3.1.3. Columnar
4.3.3.1.4. Pseudo stratified
4.3.3.2. Stratified
4.3.3.2.1. Squamous
4.3.3.2.2. Cuboidal
4.3.3.2.3. Columnar
4.3.3.2.4. Transitional
4.3.4.Connective tissues
4.3.4.1. Blood and bone marrow; hematopoiesis
4.3.4.2. Bone
4.3.4.2.1. Spongy
4.3.4.2.2. Compact
4.3.4.3. Cartilage
4.3.4.3.1. Elastic
4.3.4.3.2. Hyaline
4.3.4.3.3. Fibrocartilage
4.3.4.4. Connective tissue proper
4.3.4.4.1. Loose
4.3.4.4.1.1. Areolar
4.3.4.4.1.2. Adipose
4.3.4.4.1.3. Reticular
4.3.4.4.2. Dense
4.3.4.4.2.1. Elastic
4.3.4.4.2.2. Regular
4.3.4.4.2.3. Irregular
4.3.5.Muscle tissue
4.3.5.1. Skeletal muscles
4.3.5.2. Cardiac muscles
4.3.5.3. Smooth muscles
4.3.6.Nerve tissue
4.3.7.Immune system
4.3.7.1. Thymus, spleen, lymph node, tonsil
4.3.8.Integumentary system
4.3.8.1. Skin, hair and nails
4.3.8.2. Sebaceous and sweat glands,
4.3.8.3. Sensory Receptors.
4.4. General Embryology
4.4.1.Ovum. Oogenesis, ovarian follicle and ovulation
4.4.2.Sperm, spermatogenesis, normal sperm count and abnormal conditions
4.4.3.Fertilization
4.4.4.First two weeks of development
4.4.5.Third week of development
4.4.5.1. Embryoblast
4.4.5.2. Trophoblast
4.4.6.Fourth week of development
4.4.7.Fetal membranes and placenta
4.4.8.Birth defects
5. Teaching Methods
5.1. Lectures 2 hours per week
5.2. Tutorials 1 hour per week
5.3. Practicals 6 hours per week
6. Assessment Method
6.1. Continuous assessment 40%
6.1.1.Tests 35%
6.1.2.Lab 5%
6.2. Final Examination 60%
6.2.1.Written 40%
6.2.2.Vivas 10%
6.2.3.OSCE/practical 10%
7. Prescribed Books
7.1. Zuckerman S. A New System of Anatomy. Oxford Medical publications.
7.2. Standring S. Gray’s Anatomy. Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier
7.3. Junqueira LC, Carneiro J & Kelly R. Basic Histology. Prentice Hall/Lange.
7.4. Chummy S Sinnatamby. Last’s Anatomy (Regional and Applied). Churchill Livingstone
8. Recommended Books
8.1. Frank H Netter. Atlas of Anatomy. Elsevier
8.2. Keith Moore. Clinically Oriented Anatomy. Wolters Kluwer/ Lippincott Williams and
Wilkins
8.3. T.W. Sadler. Langman’s Medical embryology. Wolters Kluwer
Course Title: Human Physiology (General Physiology). Course Code: MPG 221
1. Rationale/Course Description
The study of basic and applied physiology encompasses a number of fields from molecules, cells,
tissues, organs, systems and the entire human body. This allows a learner to have a holistic view of
physiology of the human body in health and disease. Here we begin with an investigation of basic
cell processes then later progress into understanding function of vital systems. The students will be
expected to understand how molecular interactions are integral to the generation, storage and
utilization of energy, signaling and cellular dynamics.
2. Aim
To introduce students to general principles of physiology
3. Objectives
At the end of the course the students should be able to:
3.1 Describe important aspects of cellular physiology including hematology
3.2 Name the various parts of nerves and their functions and describe the transmission at
synapses
3.3 Define and discuss the importance of homeostasis
3.4 Discuss the morphological and functional characteristics of the different types of
muscles
4. Course content
4.1. Cellular Physiology
4.1.1.Physiology of the cell.
4.1.1.1. Organization
4.1.1.2. Physiological structure
4.1.1.3. Functional system
4.1.1.4. Locomotion
4.2. Body fluid compartments and solutes including osmolarity and regulation of body fluid
composition
4.3. Membrane Physiology
4.3.1.Transport through cell membrane
4.3.2.Membrane potentials and action potentials
4.4. Physiology of Nerve
4.4.1.Ionic processes, excitation and conduction.
4.4.2.Nerve fibers, types and function.
4.5. Synaptic and Junctional Transmission
4.5.1.Transmission, synaptic transmission.
4.5.2.Electrical events at synapses.
4.5.3.Neuro-muscular transmission and pathophysiology.
4.6. Physiology of Muscle
4.6.1.Skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle.
4.6.2.Contractile processes
4.6.3.Metabolism and energy sources
4.6.4.Muscle disorders
5. Teaching Methods:
5.1. Lectures,
5.2. Problem solving,
5.3. Problem based learning
5.4. Small group discussions,
5.5. Case based education.
6. Contact hours:
6.1. Lectures - 4 hours per week,
6.2. Practicals - 3 hours every 2 weeks
6.3. Tutorial - 1 hour per week
6.4. Seminars/problem based learning - 3 hours every 2 weeks
7. Assessment Method:
7.1. Continuous assessment - 40%
7.1.1.Continuous assessment Tests - 35%
7.1.2.Laboratory/practical reports - 5%
7.2. Final written examination - 60%
7.2.1.Paper 1 – Essays, short notes and scenario questions.-30%
7.2.2.Paper 2 -Multiple choice questions – single best and true or false-25%.
7.2.3.Final viva voce examination - 5%
8. Prescribed Textbooks
8.1. Ganong W.G. A Review of Medical Physiology. Lange Medical Publications California
8.2. Walter F.B., Boupaep E.L. Medical Physiology. Publishers Saunders/Elsevier.
9. Recommended Textbooks
9.1. Guyton A.C and Hall J.E Medical Physiology
9.2. Berne and Levy. Physiology. Publishers – Mosby/Elsevier.
Course Title: Pathology (General Pathology). Course Code: MPA 231
1. Rationale
Understanding the general principles of pathology is important as it lays the foundation for
appreciating etiology and mechanisms of disease processes
2. Aim
This course introduces the student to the general principles of pathology.
3. Objectives
At the end of the course the student should be able to:
3.1. Describe the cell as a unit of health and disease
3.2. Define terminologies used to describe disease mechanism and processes.
3.3. Describe changes in tissue inflammation, healing and repair processes.
3.4. Explain the etiology and pathogenesis of edema, thrombosis, shock, immune disorders and
neoplasia
4. Course Content
4.1. The Cell as a Unit of Health and Disease.
4.1.1.Introduction to pathology.
4.1.2.Aspects of Disease
4.1.2.1. Cause (etiology).
4.1.2.2. Mechanism of development (pathogenesis).
4.1.2.3. Structural alterations (morphology).
4.1.2.4. Functional consequences of the above as observed clinically.
4.1.3.The genome
4.1.4.Cellular house keeping
4.1.5.Cellular metabolism and mitochondrial function
4.1.6.Signal transduction pathways
4.1.7.Growth factors and receptors
4.1.8.Interaction with extracellular matrix
4.1.9.Maintaining cell populations
4.1.10. Regenerative medicine
4.2. Cellular Responses to Stress and Toxic Insults: Adaptation, Injury and Death
4.2.1.Cellular responses to stress and noxious stimuli.
4.2.2.Adaptation of cellular growth and differentiation- Hypertrophy, Hyperplasia, atrophy
and metaplasia.
4.2.3.Cell injury and cell death
4.2.4.Causes of cell injury.
4.2.5.Morphologic alterations in cell injury.
4.2.6.Mechanisms of cell injury.
4.2.7.Clinical pathologic correlations: selected examples of cell injury and necrosis
4.3. Inflammation and Repair
4.3.1.Overview of inflammation: Definitions and general features.
4.3.2.Acute inflammation
4.3.3.Chronic inflammation
4.3.4.Systemic effects of inflammation
4.3.5.Tissue repair
4.3.6.Cell and tissue regeneration
4.3.7.Repair by connective tissue distribution
4.3.8.Factors that influence tissue repair
4.3.9.Clinical pathologic correlations: selected examples of tissue repair and fibrosis
4.3.10. Abnormalities in tissue repair
4.4. Hemodynamic disorders, thromboembolic disease and shock
4.4.1.Edema and effusions
4.4.2.Hyperemia and congestion
4.4.3.Hemostasis, hemorrhagic disorders and thrombosis
4.4.4.Embolism
4.4.5.Infarction
4.4.6.Shock
4.5. Diseases of the Immune System
4.5.1.Hypersensitivity: immunologically mediated tissue injury.
4.5.2.Autoimmune disorders
4.5.3.Rejection of tissue transplants
4.5.4.AIDS
4.5.5.Amylodosis
4.6. Neoplasia
4.6.1.Nomenclature
4.6.2.Characteristics of benign and malignant neoplasms
4.6.3.Epidemiology
4.6.4.Molecular basis of cancer: Role of genetic and epigenetic alterations
4.6.5.Carcinogenic agents and their cellular interactions
4.6.6.Laboratory diagnosis of cancer.
5. Teaching Methods & Contact Hours

5.1. Lectures - 4 hour per week
5.2. Seminars - 2 hours per week
5.3. Laboratory Practical’s - 4 hours every two weeks
6.1. Continuous Assessment - 40%
6.1.1.Tests 30%
6.1.2.Practicals 10%
6.2. Final examination - 60%
6.2.1.Written 40%
6.2.2.Practical 15%
6.2.3.Viva 5%
7.1. Macsween R, Muir’s Textbook of Pathology Edward Arnold. London
7.2. Robbins SL and Kumar V Basic Pathology WB Saunders Co. London
8.1. Thomson and Douglas A. Lecture Notes on Pathology Blackwell Scientific. London
8.2. Curran RC. Color Atlas of Histopathology. Harvey Miller. Oxford University Press, Oxford
8.3. Curran and Jones Gross Pathology, a Color Atlas Harvey Miller Oxford University Press,
Oxford
Course Title: Microbiology (General Microbiology). Course Code: MMB 241
Course Title: Microbiology (General Microbiology)

Course Code: MMB 241
1. Rationale
Many diseases are caused by infectious agents and or deficiency of the immune system. Therefore
the principles of immunology and features of common microorganisms are important in
understanding the pathophysiology of the infectious diseases.
2. Aim
The course introduces the student to the general principles of microbiology and immunological
responses to microbial infection. The course prepares the student for advanced learning in
microbial related courses and disease management.
3. Objectives
At the end of the course, students should be able to:
3.1 Classify bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites
3.2 Describe the immune system and its function in health and in disease
3.3 Demonstrate knowledge of common features of host-parasite relationship, how they
present and how the host responds to them
3.4 Differentiate and explain immunological aspects of bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites
of human and medical importance
3.5 Describe modes of transmission, pathogenic mechanisms and diagnostic methods
4. Course Content:
4.1 Introduction to Medical Microbiology
4.1.1 Classification, Structure and Composition (Bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites)
4.1.2 Mode of disease transmission by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites
4.1.3 Normal flora
4.1.4 Constitutive defenses of the Body
4.1.5 Induced defenses of the body
4.1.6 Replication and damage by microbial agents
4.2 Introduction to Immunology
4.2.1 Adaptive and Innate Immunity
4.2.2 Cells and Tissues of the Immune System
4.2.3 Antigens, Immunoglobulins: Structure and Function
4.2.4 Immune Responses and Inflammation
4.2.5 Complement
4.2.6 Cell Mediated Immunity
4.2.7 Immune Disorders:
4.2.7.1 Hypersensitive Reactions (I, II, III, IV)
4.2.7.2 Autoimmunity
4.2.7.3 Immunodeficiency:
4.2.7.4 Immunology of HIV
4.2.7.5 HIV and AIDS
4.2.8 Monoclonal Antibodies
4.2.9 Immunological Techniques
4.3 Immunization and Chemotherapy against bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites
4.4 Containment of infections and Antimicrobial resistance
5. Teaching Methods and Contact Hours

5.1 Lectures - 4 hours per week
5.2 Laboratory Practicals - 1 and half hours per week
5.3 Tutorials 1 hour per week
6. Assessment
6.1 Continuous Assessment - 40%
6.1.1 Labs 5 %
6.1.2 Tests 35%
6.2 Final Examination - 60%
6.2.1 Written papers - 40%
6.2.1.1 Multiple choice
6.2.1.2 Essays + short answers
6.2.2 Practical - 10%
6.2.3 Oral - 10%
7. Prescribed Textbook
7.1 Brostoff, R. Immunology. Mosby, London.
7.2 White, D.O. and Fenner, F.J. Medical Virology. Academic Press, London.
7.3 Sleigh, J.D., Morag, C. and Timbury. Medical Bacteriology. Churchild Livingstone,
Edinburgh, London.
7.4 Sherris, J.C. et al. Medical Microbiology. An Introduction to Infectious Diseases,
Elsevier, New York.
7.5 Beaver P.C., Jung R.C., Cupp, E.W. Clinical Parasitology. Lea and Ferbiger,
Philadelphia
7.6 Orihel T. and Ash L.R., . Atlas of Human Parasitology
7.7 American Society of Clinical Pathology Press. Raven Press,
8.1 Pattison, J.R. et al. A Practical Guide to Clinical Bacteriology. Wiley and Sons.
Chichester.
8.2 Thomas, C.J.A. Medical Microbiology. Bailliere Tindall, London.
8.3 Murray, Drew, Kobayashi, Thompson. Medical Microbiology. International Student
Edition Wolfe Publishing Ltd, London
8.4 Norman, R.G. et al. Diseases of Infection: An Illustrated Textbook, Oxford University
Press, Oxford.
8.5 Mims, C., Dimmock, N., Nash, A and Stephen J., Mims. Pathogenesis of Infectious
Disease. Academic Press, London.
8.6 Peters, W. and Gilles, H.M. A Colour Atlas of Tropical Medicine and
Parasitology. Medical Publications Ltd. Wolfe
8.7 Manson-Bahr, P.E.C., and Bell, D.R. Manson’s Tropical Diseases
Course Title: Pharmacology (General Pharmacology). Course Code: MPC 251
Course Title: Pharmacology (General Pharmacology)

Course code: MPC 251
1. Rationale
Understanding pharmacology forms the basis for appropriate treatment.
2. Aims
2.1. To provide the student with an essential understanding of general pharmacology in
terms of the interaction of the human body system and drugs and its application in
managing various diseases.
2.2. To give the student a broad understanding of the autonomic pharmacology
3. Objectives
At the end of the course, the student should be able to:
3.1. Describe pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of drugs, and their therapeutic
applications.
3.2. Explain drug metabolism
3.3. Describe the mechanisms of drug actions
3.4. Outline the autonomic nervous system and prototype autonomic nervous system drugs
4. Course Content
Introduction to basic principles of pharmacology.
4.1. Common terminologies in pharmacology and therapeutics
4.2. Drug administration, routes and their advantages and disadvantages.
4.3. Principles of drug development, preclinical studies and clinical trials.
4.4. Pharmacokinetics
4.4.1.Membrane transport, absorption and distribution of drugs and clinical significance.
4.4.2.Bioavailability and its clinical significance
4.4.3.Metabolism and excretion of drugs and its clinical Significance
4.4.4.Therapeutic drug monitoring and its clinical significance
4.5. Pharmacodynamics
4.5.1.Mechanism of drug action and receptor pharmacology
4.5.2.Factors affecting drug action and individual variations in drug response.
4.6. Autonomic pharmacology
4.6.1.Overview of the autonomic nervous system
4.6.1.1. The organization and function of autonomic nervous system (ANS).
4.6.1.2. Neurohumoral transmission.
4.6.1.3. ANS regulation of different functions of the body.
4.6.2.Cholinergic and anti-cholinergic drugs
4.6.2.1. Cholinoceptors and cholinergic transmission.
4.6.2.2. Clinically relevant pharmacology and therapeutic uses of cholinergic
agonists and anticholinesterases.
4.6.2.3. Clinically relevant pharmacology and therapeutic uses of anticholinergic
drugs.
4.6.3.Adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists
4.6.3.1. Adrenoceptors and adrenergic transmission.
4.6.3.2. Clinically relevant pharmacology and therapeutic uses of alpha and beta
adrenoceptor agonists (sympathomimetics).
4.6.3.3. Clinically relevant pharmacology and therapeutic uses of alpha and beta
adrenoceptor antagonists (antiadrenergic drugs).

5.1. Lectures - 4 hours/week
5.2. Practicals - 3 hours /2 weeks
5.3. Tutorial - 1 hour/week
6. Assessment
6.1.1.Tests 20%
6.1.2.Laboratory reports 10%
6.1.3.Assignments 10%
6.2. Final Examinations - 60%
6.2.1.Written – 50%
6.2.2.Vivas – 10%
7.1. H. Rang, M. Dale, J. Ritter and R. Flower. Pharmacology
7.2. D.R. Laurence, P. N. Bennet and M. J. Brown. Clinical Pharmacology,
7.3. Bertram G. Katzung. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology
8.1. Goodman & Gillman’s. The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
8.2. WHO, Guide to Good Prescribing: A Practical Manual. Geneva
8.3. WHO Global Strategy for Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance. Geneva
Course Title: Biochemistry (Metabolism). Course Code: MBI 261
1. Rationale
To make students appreciate the role of metabolism in health and disease
2. Aim
To introduce students to important metabolic pathways and their interrelation in normal and
pathological states
3. Objectives
3.1. Describe energy transformations accompanying bio-reactions
3.2. Explain the metabolic roles of nutrient molecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins)
3.3. Describe the role of nucleic acids in information transfer
3.4. Describe integration of various metabolic pathways under different conditions
4. Course contents
4.1. Overview of metabolism
4.2. Bioenergetics
4.2.1.Biological energy transformations
4.2.2.High energy compounds
4.2.3.Redox reactions
4.3. Carbohydrate Metabolism
4.3.1.Glycolysis
4.3.2.Gluconeogenesis
4.3.3.Pentose Phosphate Pathway
4.3.4.Uronic acid Pathway
4.3.5.Glycogen Metabolism
4.4. Lipid Metabolism
4.4.1.Digestion and transport of fats
4.4.2.Fatty acid oxidation
4.4.3.Ketone body formation
4.4.4.Fatty acid synthesis
4.4.5.Triglycerol synthesis
4.4.6.Cholesterol Metabolism
4.5. Amino-acid Metabolism
4.5.1.Amino-acid Catabolism
4.5.2.Urea formation
4.5.3.Amino acid synthesis
4.5.4.Amino acid derivatives
4.6. Third stage of metabolism
4.6.1.Citric acid cycle.
4.6.2.Oxidation in the citric acid cycle.
4.6.3.The amphibolic role of the citric acid cycle.
4.6.4.Regulation of the citric acid cycle.
4.6.5.Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative phosphorylation
4.6.6.Electron transport chain inhibitors
4.7. Nucleotide Metabolism
4.7.1.Purine biosynthesis and regulation
4.7.2.Pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis and regulation
4.7.3.Uric acid production
4.8. Nucleic acid Metabolism
4.8.1.RNA synthesis
4.8.2.DNA synthesis
4.9. Protein Metabolism
4.9.1.Genetic Code
4.9.2.Protein Synthesis
4.9.3.Protein Catabolism
4.10. Integration of Metabolism
4.10.1. Metabolic effects of insulin and glucagon
4.10.2. The feed/fast cycle
4.10.3. Diabetes mellitus
4.10.4. The Biochemistry of Diabetes Mellitus
4.10.4.1. Forms of diabetes.
4.10.4.2. Molecular aspects of glucose transport.
4.10.4.3. Principles of treatment
4.10.5. Obesity
4.11. Hemoglobin and myoglobin
4.12. Vitamins
4.12.1. Water soluble vitamins
4.12.2. Fat soluble vitamins
5. Teaching Methods
5.1. Lectures, 2hours per week
5.2. Tutorials, 1 hour per week
5.3. Laboratory Practicals. 3 hours every two weeks
6. Assessment
6.1. Continuous assessment (40% of course total).
6.1.1.Assessment tests 35% (MCQs and short answer questions)
6.1.2.Laboratory reports 5%.
6.2. Final examinations (60% of course total).
6.2.1.MCQs 30%
6.2.2.Short answer questions 30%
7. Prescribed Books
7.1. Lehninger, A.L., Nelson, D.L., and Cox M.M. Principles of Biochemistry. Worth Publishers,
New York.
7.2. Martin, D.W., Hayes, P.A., and Rodwell, V.M. Harpers’s review of Biochemistry. Lange
Medical Publications, California.
8. Recommended Reference
8.1. Thomas M. Devlin . Textbook of Biochemistry with Clinical Correlations.
8.2. Stryer, L. Biochemistry. W.H. Freeman and Co., San Francisco
Course Name: Behavioural Sciences and Communication Skills. Course Code: MBC 271
Part 1 Behavioural Sciences
1. Rationale
It is important for medical doctors to understand their own and behaviors of others in their
everyday life. This will help them in interacting with their patients, patient’s families and
colleagues. The theories and methods learnt in this course can be applied in medical practice to
strengthen the biopsychosocial approach to health care delivery.
2. Aim
To help students interact effectively and acquire knowledge on how psychological factors affect
illness and recovery.
3. Objectives
3.1. Describe basic theories and methods used in behavioral sciences.
3.2. Relate the theories and methods to effective health care delivery.
3.3. Use the biopsychosocial approach in the diagnosis and management of illness.
3.4. Recommend the role of patients in health promotion and adherence to treatment.
4. Course Content:
4.1. Introduction to behavioral sciences in medical practice
4.1.1.Foundations of behavioral science.
4.1.2.Role of behavioral science in medical practice.
4.2. Personality
4.2.1.Personality types and implication for health and illness
4.2.2.Theories of personality development.
4.3. Learning
4.3.1.Theories of learning.
4.3.2.Applications of learning principles to health care
4.4. Memory
4.4.1.Basic processes of memory
4.4.1.1. Encoding
4.4.1.2. Storage (sensory, short and long term memory)
4.4.1.3. Retrieval
4.4.2.Forgetting.
4.4.3.Remembering and memory construction
4.4.4.Improving memory.
4.5. Sensation and Perception
4.5.1.Sensations.
4.5.2.Nature of perception.
4.5.3.Perceptual Organization
4.5.4.Factors influencing perception
4.6. Motivation
4.6.1.General theories of motivation.
4.6.2.The psychology of hunger
4.6.3.Obesity and weight control
4.7. Emotion
4.7.1.General theories of emotion
4.7.2.Expressed Emotion
4.7.3.Emotional intelligence.
4.8. Intelligence
4.8.1.Theories of intelligence
4.8.2.Nature versus nurture in determining intelligence
4.9. Life span development
4.9.1.Moral development
4.9.2.Social and emotional development.
4.9.3.Cognitive development
4.10. Bio-psychosocial approach
4.10.1. Biomedical approach
4.10.2. Bio-psychosocial approach
4.10.3. Application of bio-psychosocial approach to health care
4.11. Pain management
4.11.1. Understanding pain.
4.11.2. Pain management techniques used in psychology.
4.12. Psychoneuroimmunology
4.12.1. Overview of psycho-neuroimmunological (PNI)
4.12.2. Psychological effects on immune system.
4.12.3. Stress and immune system
4.12.4. Mood and the immune system
4.12.5. Social support and the immune system
4.13. Social psychology
4.13.1. Group dynamics
4.13.1.1. Types of groups
4.13.1.2. Characteristics of groups
4.13.1.3. Group development
4.13.2. Social influence
4.14. Attitudes.
4.14.1. Features of attitude
4.14.2. Factors influencing attitude
4.14.3. Prejudice, discrimination and stereotypes
4.15. Dealing with death and bereavement
4.15.1. Stages of dying.
4.15.2. Coping with terminal illness.
4.15.3. Care for the patient and family
Part 2 – Communication Skills & Professionalism
1. Rationale
The relationship between health worker and patient has an important part to play in
encouraging healthy behaviors. This relationship is affected by a number of factors including
communication. A poor relationship between health worker and patient can lead to poor levels of
adherence to treatment programs. To be able to communicate effectively with others is at the
heart of all patient care, for if the health practitioner cannot identify problems accurately, care
will be based on assumptions rather than on the expressed needs of the individual.
Communication, therefore needs to be effective so that care can be planned on the basis of the
patient’s actual problems, rather than on what we think are his/her problems.
2. Aim:
To provide the students with an understanding of the factors with influence effective
communication between a doctor and a patient and to promote sensitivity to ethical and
cultural issues in communication.
3. Objectives:
At the end of this course, the student should be able to:
3.1. Review the basic features of verbal and non-verbal communication
3.2. Evaluate the factors affecting communication
3.3. Practice communication skills in a safe environment
3.4. Differentiate skills required to communicate with different groups people
3.5. Evaluate the ethical issues in doctor patient relationship
3.6. Reflect on and improve students communication skills
4. Course content:
4.1. Introduction
4.1.1.Basic communication skills (verbal, non-verbal skills)
4.1.2.Ethics-roles
4.1.3.Ethics in clinical practice
4.1.4.Power relationships
4.1.5.Role expectations
4.2. Factors affecting communication
4.2.1.Environmental factors
4.2.2.Doctor related factors - physical, psychological factors
4.2.3.Patient-related factors - physical, psychological factors
4.3. Gender and sexuality
4.3.1.Communicating with patient of opposite gender
4.3.2.Communicating with patient from different culture
4.4. History taking-
4.4.1.Taking medical history,
4.4.2.Taking social history
4.4.3.Taking sexual history
4.5. Giving information-
4.5.1.Guidelines on giving information to patient
4.5.2.Giving lifestyle advice
4.5.3.Use of written information
4.5.4.Obtaining informed consent
4.6. Breaking ‘bad ‘news
4.6.1.Why it is difficult to give ‘bad’ news
4.6.2.To whom should ‘bad’ news be given
4.6.3.Who should give ‘bad’ news
4.6.4.How to give ‘bad’ news
4.6.5.Responding to patients concern
4.7. Communicating with children and young people
4.7.1.Management of children
4.7.2.Modes of communication
4.7.3.Addressing children’s feelings
4.7.4.Dealing with adolescents
4.7.5.Breaking ‘bad’ news to children
4.7.6.Referrals
4.8. Communicating with patients with special problems
4.8.1.Communicating with patients from different linguistic and cultural backgrounds (use
of interpreters)
4.8.2.Communicating with patients family
4.8.3.Challenging consultations- difficult patients,
5. Teaching methods- 3 contact hours/week including:

5.1. Lectures 2 hour/week
5.2. Seminars 1 hour/week
5.3. Group discussions
5.4. Project (evidence-based)-student presentation
5.5. Practical- role plays, problem solving, decision making
5.6. Case studies
5.7. Audio-visual feedback
6. Assessment methods
6.2. Reflective log/portfolio - 20%
6.3. Project - 20%
6.4. Practical - 20%
6.5. Exam - 40%
7. Prescribed Textbooks:
7.1. Haufman, K. and Dowdell, K. Psychology in Action. John Wiley and Sons.
7.2. Ogden J. Health Psychology. Buckingham: Open University Publication.
7.3. Santrock, J. W.. Psychology. Bosto: McGraw Hill
7.4. Porter M, Alder B, Abraham C. Psychology and Sociology Applied to medicine
7.5. Thambirajah, M. S. Psychological Basis of Psychiatry. Toronto: Elsevier
7.6. Lloyd, M. Communication skills for medical practice. Churchill Livingstone.
7.7. Silverman, J. Skills for communicating with patients. Radcliffe Publishing.
8. Recommended Textbooks:
8.1. Faulkner, A. Effective interaction with patients. Churchill Livingstone.
8.2. Macdonald, E. Difficult conversations in medicine. Oxford University Press.
8.3. Evidence based health communication & communicating health – Manual
8.4. Fadem, B. Behavioural Sciences. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
8.5. Wilbanks D. J. Applied Psychology in Health Care. Delmar Cengage Learning
8.6. Baron. R.A Psychology. Prentice-Hall.
Year 2 Semester 2
Course Title: Anatomy II (Gross anatomy of the thorax and abdomen). Course Code: MAN 212
1. Rationale
Knowledge of the human anatomical structure provides a foundation for other clinical sciences and
the practice of medicine
2. Aim
To introduce the student to general gross anatomy of the thorax and abdomen.
3. Objectives
3.1. Describe the anatomical features of the thorax and abdomen
3.2. Explain the applied anatomy of the thorax and abdomen
3.3. Explain development of the respiratory, cardiovascular and GIT systems
4. Course Content
4.1. Thoracic cage and viscera
4.1.1. Introduction to the thorax
4.1.2. Walls of the thorax and respiratory movement
4.1.3. Thoracic cavity
4.1.4. Lung and pleura
4.1.5. Heart and pericardium
4.1.6. Trachea, esophagus, arteries, veins, nerves, lymph nodes
4.1.7. Mediastinum
4.1.8. Joints of the thorax
4.1.9. Applied anatomy
4.2. Abdominal wall and viscera
4.2.1.Introduction
4.2.2.Abdominal walls including fascia
4.2.3.Peritoneal cavity – fossae, subphrenic spaces, peritoneal bands
4.2.4.Viscera of abdominal cavity
4.2.5.Diaphragm – with details of diaphragmatic hernia
4.2.6.Nerves of abdomen
4.2.7.Applied anatomy of the abdomen
4.3. Histology of the Respiratory, Cardiovascular and GIT systems
4.3.1.Conducting part of the respiratory system
4.3.1.1. Nasal cavity
4.3.1.2. Paranasal sinus
4.3.1.3. Nasopharynx
4.3.1.4. Larynx
4.3.1.5. Bronchial tree
4.3.2.Respiratory portion of the respiratory system
4.3.2.1. Respiratory bronchioles
4.3.2.2. Alveolar duct and alveolar sac
4.3.2.3. Alveoli
4.3.2.4. Pleural cavities and mechanism of ventilation
4.3.2.5. Histological structure of the lungs
4.3.2.6. General structure of blood vessels
4.3.2.7. Arteries
4.3.2.8. Veins
4.3.2.9. Capillaries
4.3.2.10. Heart
4.3.2.11. Lymphatic vessels
4.3.3.Gastrointestinal tract
4.3.4.Oral mucosa
4.3.4.1. Alimentary canal
4.3.4.1.1. Esophagus
4.3.4.1.2. Stomach
4.3.4.1.3. Small intestine
4.3.4.1.4. Large intestine
4.3.4.2. Glands and organs
4.3.4.2.1. Major salivary glands
4.3.4.2.2. Pancreas
4.3.4.2.3. Liver
4.3.4.2.4. Gall bladder
4.4. Development of respiratory, cardiovascular and GIT systems
4.4.1.Development of the larynx
4.4.2.Development of the trachea
4.4.3.Development of the trachea and lungs
4.4.4.Maturation of lungs
4.4.5.Early development of heart and blood vessels
4.4.5.1. Development of embryonic veins associated with the heart
4.4.5.2. Pharyngeal arch arteries and other branches of dorsal aorta.
4.4.5.3. Fate of vitelline and umbilical veins
4.4.6.Later development of the heart
4.4.6.1. Circulation through primordial heart
4.4.6.2. Partitioning of primordial heart
4.4.6.3. Changes in sinus venosus
4.4.6.4. Primordial pulmonary vein and formation of left atrium
4.4.6.5. Partitioning of primordial ventricle
4.4.6.6. Partitioning of bulbus cordis and truncus arteriosus
4.4.6.7. Development of cardiac valves
4.4.6.8. Conducting system of the heart
4.4.7.Birth defects of the heart and great vessels
4.4.8.Foregut
4.4.9.Development of esophagus
4.4.10. Development of duodenum
4.4.11. Development of liver and biliary apparatus
4.4.12. Development of pancreas
4.4.13. Development of spleen
4.4.14. Midgut
4.4.14.1. Rotation of midgut loop
4.4.14.2. Caecum and appendix
4.4.15. Hindgut
4.4.15.1. Cloaca
4.4.15.2. Anal canal
5. Teaching Methods
5.2. Tutorials 1 hour every after two weeks
6.1.1.Tests - 35%
6.1.2.Lab - 5%
6.2.1.Written - 40%
6.2.2.Vivas - 10%
6.2.3.OSCE/practical - 10%
7. Prescribed Books
7.3. Junqueira LC, Carneiro J & Kelly R, Basic Histology. Prentice Hall/Lange.
8. Recommended Test books
8.1. Chummy S Sinnatamby, Last’s Anatomy (Regional and Applied). Churchill Livingstone
8.2. Frank H Netter, Atlas of Anatomy. Elsevier
8.3. Keith Moore. Clinically oriented anatomy. Wolters Kluwer/ Lippincott Williams and
Wilkins
Course Title: Physiology (Blood, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, bone and calcium
metabolism).Course Code: MPG 222
1. Rationale
Blood, cardiovascular and respiratory systems are important transportation of oxygen, nutrients to
tissues and removal of waste products. Blood cells are also very important in host defenses and
transportation of oxygen. Impairment of any of the above systems can result in serious pathological
changes
2. Aim
To educate students about the importance of the circulatory and respiratory systems in the human
body
3. Objectives
At the end of the course students should be able to:
3.1. Describe the cellular components of blood
3.2. Explain the functions of blood cellular components
3.3. Describe the structure and function of the conduction system of the heart including
recording and interpretation of the electrocardiogram (ECG)
3.4. Explain the relationship between flow, pressure and resistance in the vascular system
3.5. Define shock and its major cause
3.6. Describe gas transportation, regulation of respiration and respiratory adjustments in health
and disease
4. Course content
4.1. Blood
4.1.1.Development of the red blood cells.
4.1.2.White blood cells.
4.1.3.Immune mechanisms.
4.1.4.Blood types.
4.1.5.Plasma, platelets and mechanisms of hemostasis.
4.2. The Cardiovascular System
4.3.1.Cardiac excitation and ECG.
4.3.2.Cardiac arrhythmias.
4.3.3.Cardiac cycle and cardiac output
4.3.4.Blood vessels
4.3.5.Cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms
4.2.5.1. Local
4.2.5.2. Systemic
4.2.5.3. Circulation through special regions
4.2.5.4. Splanchnic circulation, cutaneous and fetal circulation
4.2.5.5. Cardiovascular homeostasis in health and disease
4.3.6.Compensation for gravitational effects
4.3.7.Shock
4.3.8.Heart failure
4.3 The Respiratory System
4.3.1.Organization of the respiratory system.
4.3.2.Mechanics of ventilation.
4.3.3.Acid-base physiology.
4.3.4.Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.
4.3.5.Gas exchange in the lungs.
4.3.6.Ventilation and perfusion of the lungs.
4.3.7.Control of ventilation.
4.3.8.Pulmonary abnormalities.
4.3.9.Respiratory System
4.1.9.1. Acid/base balance disorders
4.1.9.2. Pathophysiology of respiratory failure
4.4. Bone physiology and calcium metabolism
4.4.1.Overview of Calcium & Phosphate Regulation
4.4.2.Bone and its relation to extracellular calcium and phosphate
4.4.3.Vitamin D
4.4.4.Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin
4.4.5.Pathophysiology of parathyroid hormone, vitamin D and bone diseases
5.1. Lectures,
6. Contact hours:
6.4. Seminars - 3 hours every 2 weeks
7.2.1.Paper 1 - Essays and short notes – 35%
7.2.2.Paper 2 -Multiple choice questions - 20%
7.2.3.Final Oral examination - 5%
8.1. Ganong W.G.. A Review of Medical Physiology. Lange Medical Publications California
8.2. Walter F.B., Boupaep E.L. Medical Physiology. Publishers Saunders/Elsevier.
9.1. Guyton A.C and Hall J.E. Medical Physiology.
9.2. Berne and Levy. Physiology. Publishers – Mosby/Elsevier.
Course Title: Pathology (Cardiovascular system, respiratory system and musculoskeletal
systems). Course Code: MPA 232
1. Rationale
The cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal systems very often develop pathological changes and
understanding these pathological changes is very important in patients’ management
2. Aim
The aim of this cause is to equip students with necessary knowledge on pathological changes of the
cardiorespiratory, and the bones
3. Objectives
At the end of the course students will be expected to:
3.1. Explain the etiological factors for pathological changes of the cardiovascular, respiratory,
and musculoskeletal systems
3.2. Describe pathological changes of the cardiovascular, respiratory, musculoskeletal systems
macroscopically and microscopically
3.3. Explain the associated clinical features of different pathological changes
4. Course contents
4.1. Normal histology of the blood vessels and lymphatics
4.1.1.Heart
4.1.2.Arteries
4.1.3.Veins
4.1.4.Lymphatics
4.2. Histopathology of blood vessels and lymphatics
4.2.1.Arteries
4.2.1.1. Vascular wall responses to injury
4.2.1.2. Hypertensive vascular disease
4.2.1.3. Arteriosclerosis
4.2.1.4. Atherosclerosis
4.2.1.5. Arteritis
4.2.1.6. Aneurysms
4.2.2.Veins
4.2.2.1. Varicose veins
4.2.2.2. Phlebothrombosis and thrombophlebitis
4.2.2.3. Lymphatics
4.2.2.3.1. Lymphangitis
4.2.2.3.2. Lymphedema
4.2.3.Vascular tumors
4.2.3.1. Hemangiomas
4.2.3.2. Hemangioendothelioma
4.2.3.3. Hemangiopericytoma
4.2.3.4. Angiosarcoma
4.2.3.5. Kaposis sarcoma
4.2.4.Pathology of vascular intervention
4.3. The Breast
4.3.1.Non-neoplastic conditions
4.3.1.1. Inflammation
4.3.1.2. Fibrocystic disease
4.3.1.3. Gynecomastia
4.3.2.Tumors
4.3.2.1. Fibroadenoma
4.3.2.2. Phyllodes tumor
4.3.2.3. Carcinoma of the breast
4.4. The Heart
4.4.1.Congenital heart disease
4.4.2.Heart failure
4.4.3.Ischemic and hypertensive heart diseases
4.4.4.Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease
4.4.5.Non rheumatic endocarditis
4.4.6.Valvular heart disease
4.4.7.Myocardial and pericardial diseases
4.4.8.Tumors
4.5. Normal histology of respiratory system
4.5.1.Conduction portion
4.5.2.Nasal cavity and pharynx
4.5.3.Larynx, trachea and main bronchi, bronchioles
4.5.4.Respiratory portion
4.5.5.Alveolar type I cells
4.5.6.Alveolar type II cells
4.6. Histopathology of respiratory system
4.6.1.Congenital anomalies
4.6.2.Atelectasis
4.6.3.Pulmonary edema
4.6.4.Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (diffuse alveolar damage)
4.6.5.Restrictive lung diseases
4.6.6.Obstructive lung diseases
4.6.7.Chronic diffuse interstitial diseases
4.6.8.Diseases of vascular origin
4.6.9.Pulmonary infections
4.6.10. Tumors
4.6.11. Pleura
4.7. Bones and joints
4.7.1.Fracture healing
4.7.2.Bone growth and development
4.7.2.1. Achondroplasia
4.7.2.2. Osteogenesis imperfecta
4.7.2.3. Osteopetrosis
4.7.3.Metabolic and endocrine
4.7.3.1. Osteoporosis
4.7.3.2. Osteomalacia and rickets
4.7.3.3. Scurvy
4.7.3.4. Osteitis fibrosa cystica
4.7.3.5. Renal osteodystrophy
4.7.3.6. Fluorosis
4.7.4.Paget’s Disease of Bone (Osteitis deformans)
4.7.5. Tumors
4.7.5.1. Osteoma
4.7.5.2. Osteosarcoma
4.7.5.3. Osteochondroma
4.7.5.4. Chondroblastoma
4.7.5.5. Chondrosarcoma
4.7.5.6. Giant cell tumor
4.7.5.7. Ewing’s tumor
4.7.5.8. Metastatic bone tumors
4.7.6.Joints
4.7.6.1. Osteoarthritis
4.7.6.2. Rheumatoid arthritis
4.7.6.3. Suppurative arthritis
4.7.6.4. TB arthritis
4.7.6.5. Gouty arthritis
4.8. Muscles- Myasthenis gravis, denervation atrophy, myopathic disease and muscular
dystrophy

5.2. Tutorials - 1hour per week
5.3. Laboratory Practical’s - 2 hours per week
6.1.1.Tests 30%
6.2.1.Written 40%
6.2.2.Practical 15%
6.2.3.Oral 5%
7. Prescribed books
7.1. Macsween R. Muir’s Textbook of Pathology. Edward Arnold. London
7.2. Robbins SL and Kumar V .Basic Pathology. WB Saunders Co. London
7.3. Burtis CA and Ashwood ER. Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry WB Saunders,
Philadelphia.
7.4. Varley H, Gowenlock AH and Bell M. Practical Clinical Biochemistry, Volume 1: General
Topics and Commoner Tests. William Heinemann Medical Books, London
8.1. Thomson and Douglas A, Lecture notes on Pathology. Blackwell Scientific. London
8.3. Curran and Jones. Gross Pathology, a Colour Atlas. Harvey Miller Oxford University
Press, Oxford
Course Title: Microbiology (Cardiovascular system, respiratory system and skeletal system).
Course Code: MMB 242
1. Rationale
Students are required to know the microorganisms that affect respiratory, cardiovascular and
musculoskeletal systems and their mode of transmission and pathogenicity. The three systems are
very prone to infections.
2. Aim
The aim of the course is to introduce the students to some of the common infections of the
respiratory, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems
3. Objectives
3.1. Name the infectious microorganisms of the respiratory, cardiovascular and
musculoskeletal systems
3.2. Describe the mode of transmission of infections
4. Course contents
4.1. Respiratory infections
4.1.1.Bacteria
4.1.1.1. Hemophilus influenz
4.1.1.2. Streptococcus pyogenes
4.1.1.3. Streptococcus pneumonia mycoplasma pneumonia
4.1.1.4. Pseudomonas aeroginosa
4.1.1.5. Corynebacteria diphtheria
4.1.1.6. Chlamydia pneumonia
4.1.1.7. Mycoplasma hominis
4.1.1.8. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
4.1.1.9. Pneumocystis carinii
4.1.1.10. Aspergillus species
4.1.1.11. Bordetella pertussis
4.1.1.12. Klebsiella
4.1.1.13. Leptospira
4.1.1.14. Other bacteria causing respiratory tract infections
4.1.2.Viruses
4.1.2.1. Adenoviruses
4.1.2.2. Rhinoviruses
4.1.2.3. Coronaviruses
4.1.2.4. Influenza viruses
4.1.2.5. Parainfluenza viruses
4.1.2.6. Respiratory syncytial viruses
4.1.2.7. Marburg virus
4.1.2.8. Lassa virus
4.1.3.Parasites
4.1.3.1. Paragonimus westermani
4.1.4.Fungal causes
4.1.4.1. Aspergillus
4.1.4.2. Histoplasma
4.1.4.3. Cryptococcuus
4.1.4.4. Pneumocystis carinii
4.2. Bone and joint infections
4.2.1.Septic arthritis
4.2.2.Diabetic foot infections
4.2.3.Osteomyelitis
4.3. Cardiac infections

5.1. Lectures - 4 hours per week
5.2. Laboratory Practical’s – 2 hours every 2 weeks
6. Assessment
6.1.1.Labs 5%
6.1.2.Tests 35%
6.2. Final Examination - 60%
6.2.1.Practical - 10%
6.2.2.Oral - 10%
6.2.3.Theory 40%
7.1. White, D.O. and Fenner, F.J. Medical Virology. Academic Press, London.
7.2. Sleigh, J.D., Morag, C. and Timbury. Medical Bacteriology. Churchill Livingstone,
Edinburgh, London.
7.3. Sherris, J.C. et al. Medical Microbiology. An Introduction to Infectious Diseases.
Elsevier, New York.
7.4. Beaver P.C., Jung R.C., Cupp, E.W. Clinical Parasitology. Lea and Ferbiger,
Philadelphia
7.5. Orihel T. and Ash L.R. Atlas of Human Parasitology.
8.1. Pattison, J.R. et al. A Practical Guide to Clinical Bacteriology. Wiley and Sons.
Chichester.
8.2. Thomas, C.J.A. Medical Microbiology. Bailliere Tindall, London.
8.3. Murray, Drew, Kobayashi, Thompson. Medical Microbiology, International Student
Edition. Wolfe Publishing Ltd, London
8.4. Norman, R.G. et al. Diseases of Infection: An Illustrated Textbook, Oxford University
Press, Oxford.
8.5. Mims, C., Dimmock, N., Nash, A and Stephen J., Mims.’ Pathogenesis of Infectious
Disease. Academic Press, London.
8.6. Peters, W. and Gilles, H.M. A Colour Atlas of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology.
3rd Edition. Medical Publications Ltd. Wolfe
8.7. Manson-Bahr, P.E.C., and Bell, D.R. Manson’s Tropical Diseases.
Course Title: Pharmacology and Therapeutics (Cardiovascular system, respiratory system).
Course Code: MPC 252
1. Rationale
Understanding pharmacology forms the basis for appropriate treatment of systemic disorders
2. Aims
To provide the student with an understanding of pharmacology of the cardiovascular and
respiratory systems.
3. Objectives
3.1. Classify drugs used in cardiovascular and respiratory systems
3.2. Describe the mechanisms of action of drugs used in cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
3.3. Classify hypolipidemic drugs
3.4. Explain mechanism of action of hypolipidemic drugs
4. Course contents
4.1. Drugs Acting on the Cardiovascular System
4.1.1.Drug management of cardiac dysrhythmias
4.1.1.1. Classification of antiarrhythmics based on their mechanism of action.
4.1.1.2. Clinically relevant pharmacology and therapeutic uses of antiarrhythmics.
4.1.1.3. Choice of drugs for different types of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias.
4.1.2.Drug management of heart failure
4.1.2.1. Clinically relevant pharmacological actions, pharmacokinetics, adverse
effects, precautions/contraindications, interactions, and therapeutic uses of
cardiac glycosides.
4.1.2.2. The use of other drugs in cardiac failure.
4.1.2.3. Drug and non-drug management of cardiac failure.
4.1.3.Drug management of angina pectoris
4.1.3.1. Classification of antianginal agents.
4.1.3.2. Clinically important pharmacology and therapeutic uses of antianginal
agents.
4.1.4.Drug therapy of myocardial infarction.
4.1.5.Drug management of Hypertension
4.1.5.1. Classification of antihypertensive agents.
4.1.5.2. Clinically relevant pharmacology and therapeutic uses of antihypertensives
4.1.5.3. Drug and non-drug management of hypertension and identify the agents of
choice in patients with other co-existing conditions
4.1.5.4. Drug management of hypertensive emergencies
4.2. Drug management of hyperlipidemia
4.2.1.Classification of hypolipidemic drugs
4.2.2.Clinically relevant pharmacology of different hypolipidemic agents
4.2.3.Therapeutic uses of hypolipidemic agents and outline the drug and nondrug
management of hyperlipidemia
4.3. Drugs acting on respiratory system
4.3.1.Drug management of bronchial asthma
4.3.1.1. Classification of drugs used for bronchial asthma
4.3.1.2. Clinically relevant pharmacology of drugs used in bronchial asthma
4.3.1.3. Drug management of bronchial asthma
4.3.1.4. Management of status asthmatics
4.4. Anti-tussive drugs and mucolytic agents
4.4.1.Anti-tussive and mucolytic drugs
4.4.2.Clinical pharmacology and uses of anti-tussive and mucolytic agents

5.2. Practicals – 2 hours every 2 weeks
6. Assessment
6.1.1.Tests 20%
6.2.1.Written – 50%
6.2.2.Vivas – 10%
7.1. H. Rang, M. Dale, J. Ritter and R. Flower. Pharmacology.
7.2. D.R. Laurence, P. N. Bennet and M. J. Brown. Clinical Pharmacology.
7.3. Bertram G. Katzung. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology.
8.1. Goodman & Gillman’s. The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics,
8.2. WHO, Guide to Good Prescribing. A Practical Manual. Geneva.
8.3. WHO Global Strategy for Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance. Geneva.
Course Title: Public Health (Community based education, principles of biostatistics and
epidemiology). Course Code: MPU 282
1. Rationale:
This course is divided into; biostatistics, epidemiology and community based education. These are
important components that help explain the health status of a community. It is therefore important
for students to have a basic understanding of biostatistics, epidemiology and the public health.
2. Aims.
2.1. To introduce students to basic principles of biostatistics, epidemiology, and public health
2.2. To provide the student with an understanding of the community in which they live, the
methods used to measure and understand the patterns and determinants of disease as well
as the ethical and professional expectations for a doctor
3. Objectives
At the end of the course students should be able to
3.1. Use basic statistics to describe a health problem by demonstrating the use of descriptive
statistics, graphs, tables and other methods of summarizing data.
3.2. Explain epidemiological methods
3.3. Describe principles of epidemiology, disease causation and their relevance in the control of
diseases
3.4. Calculate and interpret ratios, proportions, incidence, prevalence and attack rates
3.5. Demonstrate basic life resuscitation and first aid skills.
4. Course content
A. Biostatistics
Content Summary
1. Statistics in health
2. Scales of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio)
3. Descriptive statistics
4. Presentation of data
5. Measures of central tendency: mean, mode, median
6. Measures of dispersion: range, variance, standard deviation
B. Epidemiology
Content Summary
1. History of epidemiology
2. Key concepts in epidemiology
3. Disease causation
4. Natural history of disease and levels of prevention
5. Measures of disease frequency: rates, ratios, prevalence, incidence
6. Screening tests
7. Measures of comparison
8. Risk indicators
C. Community Based Education Component
1. First Aid
By the end of this module, the student is expected to have basic life resuscitation skills that makes
them useful to the communities that they will be serving.
1.1. Respiratory and cardio-respiratory arrest
1.2. Hemorrhage
1.3. Convulsions
1.4. Drowning
1.5. Wounds and dressings
1.6. Burns and scalds
1.7. Fractures
1.8. Joint sprains and dislocations
1.9. Poisoning – kerosene, carbon monoxide, organophosphates etc
1.10. Poisonous stings and bites
1.11. Foreign bodies
2. Knowing the Community
By the end of this module, the student should be able to define a community in terms of its
demographic characteristics and administrative social, cultural, economic, religious and political
structures; study a community in terms of the lifestyle and amenities. Construct a detailed family
tree.
2.1. Content Summary
2.1.1.Population structures
2.1.2.Environmental factors affecting health and disease patterns
2.1.3.Organization of Human society
2.1.4.Governmental and non-governmental structures in communities
2.1.5.Construct a family tree
3. Week 2 and week 3 Field Work

Data Collection
1. Defining a Community in terms of:
1.1. Its demographic characteristics
1.2. Administrative structures both social cultural, economic, religious and political
2. Observing and recording environmental factors, government and NGO’s working in the
community.
3. Studying a household with particular reference to day to day budget, nutrition, waste disposal,
water supply, energy sources, leisure, work and religion. etc
4. Constructing a detailed family tree.
4. Week 4 –
Post Field
1. Data analysis,
2. Report writing,
3. Report presentation,
4. End of course examination
Teaching Methods and Contact Hours
1. Pre-field and Post-field weeks:
2. Lectures - 6 hours per week
3. Problem Based small group work tutorials - 12 hours
4. Seminars - 10 hours
5. Field weeks:
6. Problem Based small group work tutorials - 10 hours
7. Seminars - 6 hours
Assessment methods
1. Written paper 60%
2. Individual reports 30%
3. Group report 10%
Prescribed books
1. Boaden, N., & John, B. Community Based Medical Education
2. Kirkwood, B and Sterne J. Essentials of Medical Biostatistics. Blackwell Publishing.
3. Ogunbode, O. Community Based Medical Education. Evans Brother Publication
Recommended Testbooks
1. Pomerleau J & Mckee M. Issues in Public Health. Open University Press
2. Gordis, L Epidemiology, Saunders. Philadelphia.
3. King, M. Medical Care in Developing Countries. Oxford University Press, Nairobi
4. Werner, D. Where there is no Doctor. MacMillan Press, London
Year 3 Course details
Year 3
Semester 1 Semester 2
Subject Code Subject Code Course Coordinator
Human Anatomy HAN 311 Human Anatomy HAN 312 Mr Yusuf Ademola
Human Physiology MPG 321 Human Physiology MPG 322 Dr. Festus Mushabati
Pathology MPA 331 Pathology MPA 332 Mr Kinsgley Kamvuma
Microbiology MMB 341 Microbiology MMB 342 Mr John Mulemena
Pharmacology MPC 351 Pharmacology MPC 252 Prof Christian Ezeala
Public Health MPU 382
Medical Ethics and MEC 392 Dr. Oliver Chiyenu and
clinical skills Ms Likando
Sumbwanyambe
Year 3 Semester
Course Title: Human Anatomy (Renal and reproductive systems). Course Code: MAN 311
1. Rationale:
2. Aim:
To introduce the student to the anatomy of genitourinary and endocrine systems
3. Objectives
3.1. Describe the gross anatomy of pelvic viscera
3.2. Outline the anatomical features of the pelvic organs
3.3. Describe the genital urinary system
3.4. Describe the histological features of the genitourinary system
4. Course Content
4.1. Gross anatomy of Pelvis and viscera
4.1.1.Introduction
4.1.2.Vessels of the pelvis
4.1.3.Nerve supply of the pelvis
4.1.4.Female reproductive system
4.1.5.Male reproductive system
4.1.6.Urinary system
4.1.7.Perineum
4.1.8.Pelvic diaphragm
4.1.9.Joints of the pelvis
4.1.10. Applied anatomy of the Pelvis
4.2. Histology of the Urinary system and reproductive system
4.3. Histology of the urinary system
4.4. Histology of the female reproductive system
4.4.1.Ovaries
4.4.2.Uterus
4.4.3.Vagina
4.4.4.External genitalia
4.4.5.Mammary glands
4.5. Histology of the male reproductive system
4.5.1.Testes
4.5.2.Seminiferous epithelium
4.5.3.Genital ducts
4.5.4.Accessory genital ducts
4.5.5.Penis
4.6. Development of the reproductive system
4.6.1.Development of testis
4.6.2.Development of ovary
4.6.3.Genital ducts
4.6.4.Development of genital ducts
4.6.5.Development of seminal, prostate and bulbourethral glands
4.6.6.Development of genital ducts in female
4.6.7.Development of uterus
4.6.8.Development of vagina
4.6.9.Development of male external genitalia
4.6.10. Development of female external genitalia
4.7. Development of urinary system
5. Teaching Methods
5.2. Tutorials 1 hour every after two weeks
6.1.1.Tests - 35%
6.1.2.Lab - 5%
6.2.1.Written - 40%
6.2.2.Vivas - 10%
6.2.3.OSCE/practical - 10%
Wilkins
Course Title: Human Physiology (Digestive, renal, endocrine and reproductive physiology).
Course Code: MPG 321
1. Rationale/Course Description:
This course is a buildup on first year introductory physiology. The course will enable students to
have an understanding of the normal and applied function of systems such as the gastro-intestinal
tract (GIT), urinary system, endocrine system.
2. Aim:
To introduce gastrointestinal tract, renal, endocrine and reproductive physiology to students
3. Objectives
3.1. Identify the sources and typical amounts of fluid and nutrients entering and leaving the GIT
daily.
3.2. Understand the major classes of nutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats), differentiate the
processes of motility, digestion, absorption, secretion, and excretion; include the location in
the GIT where each process occurs.
3.3. Describe the functional anatomy and enteric nervous system of the GIT.
3.4. Understand the integrated regulation (neural, endocrine, luminal) that drives digestion and
absorption of nutrients after a meal and the temporal sequence of regulatory events during
digestion.
3.5. Describe the structure and function of a nephron and renal blood supply.
3.6. Describe the assessment of renal function.
3.7. Explain the tubular handling of various substances in terms of filtration, reabsorption and
secretion.
3.8. Outline the effects of hormones on different organs.
3.9. Describe the mechanisms that regulate hormonal secretion.
3.10. Describe features of the diseases caused by excess or deficiency of each hormone.
4. Course contents:
4.1. The Gastro-Intestinal System
4.1.1.Organization of the gastro-intestinal system.
4.1.2.Gastric function.
4.1.3.Pancreatic and salivary glands.
4.1.4.Intestinal fluid and electrolyte movement.
4.1.5.Hepatobiliary function.
4.1.6.Nutrient digestion and absorption.
4.1.7.Physiology of GIT disorders.
4.2. Physiology of the Renal System
4.2.1.Elements of renal function.
4.2.2.Overview and functional anatomy of the kidneys.
4.2.3.Assessment of renal function.
4.2.4.Renal blood flow.
4.2.5.The glomerular function.
4.2.6.Control of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
4.2.7.Tubular function.
4.2.8.Solute and water transport along the nephron.
4.2.9.Regulation of sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, magnesium, water and phosphate
balance.
4.3. The Endocrine System/Reproductive
4.3.1.General principles of endocrine physiology.
4.3.2.The hypothalamus.
4.3.3.The pituitary gland.
4.3.4.The thyroid gland.
4.3.5.Endocrine regulation of metabolism of calcium and related minerals.
4.3.6.Hormones of the pancreatic islets.
4.3.7.The adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla.
4.3.8.Reproductive function.
4.3.8.1. Male
4.3.8.2. Female
5.1. Lectures,
6. Contact hours:
6.4. Seminars - 3 hours every 2 weeks
7.2.1.Paper 1 - Essays and short notes - 30%
7.2.2.Paper 2 -Multiple choice questions - 25%
8.1. Ganong W.G.. A Review of Medical Physiology. Lange Medical Publications California
8.2. Walter F.B., Boupaep E.L.Medical Physiology. Publishers Saunders/Elsevier.
9.1. Guyton A.C and Hall J.E. Medical Physiology.
9.2. Berne and Levy Physiology Publishers – Mosby/Elsevier.
Course Title: Pathology (Digestive, genitourinary and endocrine systems). Course Code: MPG 331
1. Rationale:
Pathological conditions involving the gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary system and endocrine
systems contribute to significant morbidity and mortality in humans
2. Aim:
The aim of the course is to familiarize the students with pathological conditions involving the
gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary and endocrine systems
3. Objectives: At the end of the course students should be able to

3.1. Name pathological conditions of the gastrointestinal tract, hepatobiliary tract and pancreas
3.2. List pathological conditions of the genitourinary system
3.3. Describe pathological conditions of the endocrine systems
3.4. Describe etiology of various malignancies in the gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary
system, endocrine systems and breast
4. Course contents
4.1. Gastrointestinal System
4.1.1. Normal histology
4.1.1.1. Oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
4.1.1.2. Liver, gall bladder, pancreas.
4.1.2. Pathology
4.1.2.1. Esophagus
4.1.2.1.1. Congenital abnormalities
4.1.2.1.1.1. Esophageal atresia
4.1.2.1.1.2. Tracheoesophageal fistula
4.1.2.1.2. Muscular dysfunction
4.1.2.1.2.1. Achalasia
4.1.2.1.2.2. Hiatus hernia
4.1.2.1.2.3. Diverticula
4.1.2.1.2.4. Esophageal webs and rings
4.1.2.1.3. Hematemesis of esophageal origin
4.1.2.1.3.1. Esophageal varices
4.1.2.1.4. Mallory-Weiss syndrome
4.1.2.1.5. Rupture of esophagus
4.1.2.1.6. Inflammatory lesions
4.1.2.1.6.1. Reflux esophagitis
4.1.2.1.6.2. Barret’s esophagus
4.1.2.1.6.3. Infectious esophagus
4.1.2.1.7. Tumors
4.1.2.1.7.1. Carcinoma of the esophagus
4.1.2.2. Stomach
4.1.2.2.1.1. Pyloric stenosis
4.1.2.2.2. Inflammatory conditions
4.1.2.2.2.1. Gastritis
4.1.2.2.2.2. Peptic ulcer
4.1.2.2.3. Hematemesis and melena of gastric origin
4.1.2.2.4. Tumors
4.1.2.3. Small intestine
4.1.2.3.1.1. Atresia and stenosis
4.1.2.3.1.2. Meckel’s Diverticulum
4.1.2.3.1.3. Intestinal malrotation
4.1.2.3.2. Intestinal obstruction
4.1.2.3.2.1. Mechanical obstruction
4.1.2.3.2.1.1. Internal causes
4.1.2.3.2.1.1.1. Inflammatory strictures
4.1.2.3.2.1.1.2. Tumors
4.1.2.3.2.1.1.3. Meconium
4.1.2.3.2.1.1.4. Gall stones
4.1.2.3.2.1.1.5. Round worms
4.1.2.3.2.1.1.6. Fecoliths
4.1.2.3.2.1.2. External causes
4.1.2.3.2.1.2.1. Peritoneal adhesions
4.1.2.3.2.1.2.2. Hernia
4.1.2.3.2.1.2.3. Intussusception
4.1.2.3.2.1.2.4. Volvulus
4.1.2.3.2.2. Neurogenic obstruction
4.1.2.3.2.3. Vascular obstruction
4.1.2.3.2.3.1. Thrombosis
4.1.2.3.2.3.2. Embolism
4.1.2.3.3. Ischemic bowel disease (Ischemic enterocolitis)
4.1.2.3.4. Inflammatory bowel diseases
4.1.2.3.4.1. Crohn’s disease
4.1.2.3.4.2. Ulcerative colitis
4.1.2.3.4.3. Infective enterocolitis
4.1.2.3.4.4. Pseudomembranous enterocolitis (antibiotic resistant diarrhea)
4.1.2.3.5. Malabsorption
4.1.2.3.5.1. Coeliac sprue
4.1.2.3.5.2. Tropical sprue
4.1.2.3.5.3. Whipples disease
4.1.2.3.5.4. Protein loosing enteropathy
4.1.2.3.5.5. Tumors- Carcinoid tumor
4.1.2.4. Appendix
4.1.2.4.1. Appendicitis
4.1.2.4.2. Tumors
4.1.2.4.2.1. Carcinoid
4.1.2.4.2.2. Adenocarcinoma
4.1.2.4.2.3. Pseudomyxioma peritonei
4.1.2.5. Large Intestine
4.1.2.5.1.1. Hirsprung’s disease
4.1.2.5.2. Colitis
4.1.2.5.3. Miscellaneous lesions
4.1.2.5.3.1. Diverticulosis coli
4.1.2.5.3.2. Melanosis coli
4.1.2.5.3.3. Hemorrhoids
4.1.2.5.4. Polyps and tumors
4.1.2.5.4.1. Colorectal polyps
4.1.2.5.4.1.1. Non neoplastic
4.1.2.5.4.1.1.1. Hyperplastic polyps
4.1.2.5.4.1.1.2. Hamartomatous polyps
4.1.2.5.4.1.1.3. Peutz-Jeghers polyps and polyposis
4.1.2.5.4.1.1.4. Juvenile polyps and polyposis
4.1.2.5.4.1.1.5. Inflammatory polyps
4.1.2.5.4.1.1.6. Lymphoid polyps
4.1.2.5.4.1.2. Neoplastic polyps-adenomas
4.1.2.5.4.1.3. Familial polyposis syndrome
4.1.2.5.4.1.4. Other benign colorectal tumors
4.1.2.5.5. Malignant colorectal tumors
4.1.2.5.5.1. Adenocarcinoma
4.1.2.5.5.2. Other carcinomas (Mucinous adenocarcinoma, signet ring cell
carcinoma, adenosqamous carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma)
4.1.2.5.5.3. Other malignant tumors (Leiomyosarcoma, malignant lymphoma,
carcinoid tumor)
4.1.2.5.6. Tumors of anal canal
4.1.2.5.6.1. Benign
4.1.2.5.6.1.1. Warts
4.1.2.5.6.1.2. Condylomata acuminate
4.1.2.5.6.2. Malignant
4.1.2.5.6.2.1. Squamous cell carcinoma
4.1.2.5.6.2.2. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
4.1.2.5.6.2.3. Adenocarcinoma
4.1.2.5.6.2.4. Un differentiated carcinoma
4.1.2.5.6.2.5. Malignant melanoma
4.1.2.6. Peritoneum
4.1.2.6.1. Peritonitis
4.1.2.6.2. Idiopathic retroperitonial fibrosis
4.1.2.6.3. Mesenteric cysts
4.1.2.6.4. Tumors
4.2. Liver, gall bladder and pancreas

4.2.2. Pathology
4.2.2.1. General features of liver disease
4.2.2.2. Jaundice
4.2.2.3. Hepatic failure
4.2.2.4. Circulatory disturbance
4.2.2.4.1. Hepatic venous obstruction
4.2.2.4.2. Portal venous obstruction
4.2.2.4.3. Hepatic arterial obstruction
4.2.2.5. Liver necrosis
4.2.2.5.1. Diffuse necrosis
4.2.2.5.2. Zonal necrosis
4.2.2.5.3. Focal necrosis
4.2.2.6. Hepatitis
4.2.2.7. Other infections
4.2.2.7.1. Pyogenic liver abscess
4.2.2.7.2. Hepatic TB
4.2.2.7.3. Amoebic liver disease
4.2.2.8. Drug and toxin induced liver injury
4.2.2.9. Cirrhosis
4.2.2.9.1. Alcohol liver disease and cirrhosis
4.2.2.9.2. Post necrotic
4.2.2.9.3. Biliary
4.2.2.9.4. Other forms of cirrhosis
4.2.2.9.5. Manifestations and complications of cirrhosis
4.2.2.10. Metabolic liver disease
4.2.2.11. Hepatic tumor and tumor like lesions
4.2.2.11.1. Hepatic cysts
4.2.2.11.2. Hydatid cysts
4.2.2.11.3. Benign tumors
4.2.2.11.3.1. Nodular hyperplasia
4.2.2.11.3.2. Hepatocellular adenoma
4.2.2.11.3.3. Bile duct adenoma
4.2.2.11.3.4. Hemangioma
4.2.2.11.4. Malignant
4.2.2.11.4.1. Hepatocellular carcinoma
4.2.2.11.4.2. Cholangiocarcinoma
4.2.2.11.4.3. Hepatoblastoma
4.2.2.12. Secondary hepatic tumors
4.2.2.13. Biliary system
4.2.2.13.1. Congenital anomalies
4.2.2.13.2. Cholelithiasis
4.2.2.13.3. Cholecystitis
4.2.2.13.4. Tumors
4.2.2.13.4.1. Benign
4.2.2.13.4.2. Malignant
4.2.2.13.4.2.1. Carcinoma of the gall bladder
4.2.2.13.4.2.2. Carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile duct
4.2.2.14. Liver Enzymes
4.2.2.14.1. Pathophysiology of liver failure
4.2.2.15. Pancreas
4.2.2.15.1. Developmental anomaly
4.2.2.15.2. Cystic fibrosis
4.2.2.15.3. Pancreatitis
4.2.2.15.4. Tumors
4.2.2.15.5. Non-neoplastic cysts
4.2.2.15.6. Neoplasm Carcinoma of the pancreas
4.3. The Kidney
4.3.1.1. Urinary system
4.3.1.2. Kidney
4.3.1.3. Ureter
4.3.1.4. Urinary bladder
4.3.2. Pathology
4.3.2.1. Congenital and developmental anomalies
4.3.2.2. Cystic diseases of the kidney
4.3.2.3. Glomerular disease
4.3.2.3.1. Primary glomerulonephritis
4.3.2.3.2. Secondary systemic glomerulonephritis
4.3.2.3.3. Hereditary nephritis
4.3.2.4. Tubular and interstitial diseases
4.3.2.5. Renal vascular disease
4.3.2.6. Urinary tract obstruction
4.3.2.7. Tumors
4.3.2.8. Lower Urinary Tract
4.3.2.8.2. Inflammation
4.3.2.8.3. Tumors- pelvis/ureters
4.3.2.8.4. Tumors- bladder
4.3.2.9. Renal aspects of acid-base Balance
4.3.2.10. Pathophysiology of renal failure
4.3.2.10.1.
4.4. Reproductive system
4.4.1.1. Male reproductive system
4.4.1.1.1. Testis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle, prostate
4.4.1.1.2. Urethra, penis.
4.4.1.2. Female reproductive system
4.4.1.2.1. Ovary, fallopian tube
4.4.1.2.2. Uterus, vagina
4.4.2. Pathology
4.4.2.1. The male genital system
4.4.2.1.1. Penis
4.4.2.1.2. Testis
4.4.2.1.2.1. Inflammation
4.4.2.1.2.2. Tumors
4.4.2.1.3. Prostate
4.4.2.1.3.1. Inflammation
4.4.2.1.3.2. Hyperplasia
4.4.2.1.3.3. Tumors
4.4.2.2. Female genital system
4.4.2.2.1. Vulva
4.4.2.2.1.1. Bartholin’s cyst and abscess
4.4.2.2.1.2. Non-neoplastic conditions
4.4.2.2.1.2.1. Lichen sclerosis
4.4.2.2.1.2.2. Squamous hyperplasia
4.4.2.2.1.3. Tumors
4.4.2.2.1.3.1. Polyps
4.4.2.2.1.3.2. Condyloma acuminatan
4.4.2.2.1.3.3. Peget’s diasease
4.4.2.2.1.3.4. Intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive carcinoma
4.4.2.2.2. Vagina
4.4.2.2.2.1. Vaginitis and vulvovaginitis
4.4.2.2.2.2. Tumors
4.4.2.2.2.2.1. Carcinoma of the vagina
4.4.2.2.2.2.1.1. Squamous cell carcinoma
4.4.2.2.2.2.1.2. Adenocarcinoma
4.4.2.2.2.2.2. Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma
4.4.2.2.3. Cervix
4.4.2.2.3.1. Cervicitis
4.4.2.2.3.2. Tumors
4.4.2.2.3.2.1. Polyps
4.4.2.2.3.2.2. Carcinoma
4.4.2.2.4. Body of uterus and endometrium
4.4.2.2.4.1. Endometritis and myometritis
4.4.2.2.4.2. Adenomyosis
4.4.2.2.4.3. Endometriosis
4.4.2.2.4.4. Endometrial hyperplasia
4.4.2.2.4.5. Tumors
4.4.2.2.4.5.1. Endometrial polyps
4.4.2.2.4.5.2. Endometrial carcinoma
4.4.2.2.4.5.3. Leiomyoma
4.4.2.2.4.5.4. Leiomyosarcoma
4.4.2.2.5. Fallopian tubes
4.4.2.2.5.1. Salpingitis
4.4.2.2.5.2. Pelvic inflammatory disease
4.4.2.2.5.3. Ectopic pregnancy
4.4.2.2.6. Ovaries
4.4.2.2.6.1. Non-neoplastic cysts
4.4.2.2.6.2. Tumors
4.4.2.2.6.2.1. Epithelial tumors
4.4.2.2.6.2.2. Germ-cell tumors
4.4.2.2.6.2.3. Sex cord stromal tumors
4.4.2.2.6.2.4. Metastatic tumors
4.4.2.2.6.2.5. Krukenberg
4.4.2.2.7. Gestational and placental disorders
4.5. The pituitary, thyroid, adrenal cortex, thymus and pineal gland
4.5.1.1. Pituitary
4.5.1.2. Thyroid and parathyroid
4.5.1.3. Suprarenal,
4.5.1.4. Endocrine pancreas
4.5.2. Pathology
4.5.2.1. Pituitary
4.5.2.2. Thyroid and parathyroid
4.5.2.3. Suprarenal,
4.5.2.4. Endocrine pancreas
4.5.2.5.
4.5.3. Function tests
4.5.3.1. Thyroid function tests
4.5.3.2. Adrenal function tests

5.2. Tutorials - 1 hours per week
6.1.1.Tests 30%
6.2.1.Written 40%
6.2.2.Practical 15%
6.2.3.Oral 5%
7. Prescribed books
7.1. Macsween R. Muir’s Textbook of Pathology. Edward Arnold. London
7.2. Robbins SL and Kumar V. Basic Pathology. WB Saunders Co. London
Philadelphia.
8.1. Thomson and Douglas A. Lecture notes on Pathology. Blackwell Scientific. London
8.3. Curran and Jones. Gross Pathology, a Color Atlas. Harvey Miller Oxford University Press,
Oxford
Course Title: Microbiology (Digestive system and genitourinary systems). Course Code: MMB
341
1. Rationale:
The digestive, renal and urogenital systems are prone to a wide range of infections, hence the need
for students to have a thorough understanding of the infective microorganisms and mode of
transmission.
2. Aim.
The aim of the course is to introduce students to gastrointestinal tract, renal and urogenital systems
infections
3. Objectives
3.1. Name the main infective microorganisms
3.2. Explain the mode of transmission
3.3. Briefly describe the clinical features
4. Course content
4.1. Intestinal bacterial infections
4.1.1.Escherichia. Coli
4.1.2.Salmonella
4.1.3.Campylobacter
4.1.4.Vibrio Cholera
4.1.5.Shigella
4.1.6.Vibrio parahemolyticus
4.1.7.Yersinia enterocolitica
4.1.8.Clostridium perfringes
4.1.9.Bacillus cereus
4.1.10. Helicobacter pylori
4.1.11. Clostridium difficile
4.1.12. Food poisoning
4.1.12.1. Staphylococcus aureus
4.1.12.2. Clostridium botulinus
4.1.12.3. Staphylococcus saprophyticus
4.2. Intestinal viruses
4.2.1.Rotaviruses
4.2.2.Adenoviruses
4.2.3.Parvoviruses
4.2.4.Coronaviruses
4.2.5.Hepatitis
4.3. Parasites
4.3.1.Intestinal protozoa
4.3.1.1. Giardia lamblia
4.3.1.2. Entamoeba histolytica
4.3.1.3. Cryptosporidium parvum
4.3.1.4. Cycloispora belli
4.3.1.5. Balantidium Coli
4.3.2.Intestinal nematodes
4.3.2.1. Trichuris trichiura
4.3.2.2. Ancylostoma doudenale
4.3.2.3. Strongyloides stercoralis
4.3.2.4. Necator americanus
4.3.2.5. Enterobius vermicularis
4.3.2.6. Ascaris lumbricoides
4.3.3. Intestinal cestodes
4.3.3.1. Taenia saginata
4.3.3.2. Taenia solium
4.3.3.3. Echinococcus granulosa (liver)
4.3.3.4. Echinococcus multilocular (liver)
4.3.4.Trematodes (flukes)
4.3.4.1. Fasciola hepatica
4.3.4.2. Clonorchis sinensis
4.3.4.3. Schistosoma – mansoni, hematobium and japonica
4.4. Sexually transmitted diseases
4.4.1.Bacterial causes
4.4.1.1. Hemophilus ducreyi
4.4.1.2. Chlamydia trachomatis
4.4.1.3. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
4.4.1.4. Klebsiella granulomatis
4.4.1.5. Treponema pallidum
4.4.2.Fungal
4.4.2.1. Candidiasis
4.4.3.Viral
4.4.3.1. Hepatitis
4.4.3.2. Herpes simplex
4.4.3.3. HIV
4.4.3.4. Human papilloma virus
4.4.3.5. Molluscum contagiosum
4.4.4.Protozoal
4.4.4.1. Trichomonas vaginalis
4.5. Infections of the urinary system

5.2. Laboratory Practical’s – 2 hours every two weeks
6. Assessment
6.1.1.Labs 5%
6.1.2.Tests 35%
6.2.2.Oral - 10%
6.2.3.Theory 40%
7.1 Brostoff, R. Immunology. Mosby, London.
7.2 White, D.O. and Fenner, F.J. Medical Virology. Academic Press, London.
7.3 Sleigh, J.D., Morag, C. and Timbury .Medical Bacteriology. Churchild Livingstone,
Edinburgh, London.
7.4 Sherris, J.C. et al. Medical Microbiology: An Introduction to Infectious Diseases.
Elsevier, New York.
7.5 Beaver P.C., Jung R.C., Cupp, E.W. Clinical Parasitology. Lea and Ferbiger,
Philadelphia
7.6 Orihel T. and Ash L.R., . Atlas of Human Parasitology.
7.7 American Society of Clinical Pathology Press. Raven Press, .
8.1 Pattison, J.R. et al. A Practical Guide to Clinical Bacteriology, Wiley and Sons.
Chichester.
8.2 Thomas, C.J.A. Medical Microbiology. Bailliere Tindall, London.
8.3 Murray, Drew, Kobayashi, Thompson Medical Microbiology, International Student
8.4 Norman, R.G. et al .Diseases of Infection. An Illustrated Textbook, Oxford University
Press, Oxford.
8.5 Mims, C., Dimmock, N., Nash, A and Stephen J., Mims’ Pathogenesis of Infectious
Disease Academic Press, London.
8.6 Peters, W. and Gilles, H.M. A Colour Atlas of Tropical Medicine and
Parasitology. Medical Publications Ltd. Wolfe
8.7 Manson-Bahr, P.E.C., and Bell, D.R. Manson’s Tropical Diseases
Course Title: Pharmacology and Therapeutics (Digestive, genitourinary, reproductive and
endocrine systems). Course Code: MPC 351
1. Rationale
2. Aims
To provide the student with an understanding of systemic pharmacology and management of
various specific systemic diseases.
3. Objectives
3.1. Classify drugs used in gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary and endocrine disorders
3.2. Explain the mechanisms of action of drugs used in gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary and
endocrine disorders
3.3. Describe the therapeutic application of various drugs to specific disease states.
4. Course contents
4.1. Drugs Acting on the gastro-intestinal System
4.1.1.Drug management of peptic ulcer disease & gastro-esophageal reflux disease
4.1.1.1. Mechanism of action, adverse effects, and therapeutic usefulness of different
drugs used in peptic ulcer
4.1.1.2. Drugs used for and management of Helicobacter pylori infection
4.1.1.3. Drug and non-drug management of peptic ulcer
4.1.1.4. Drugs used for gastroesophageal reflux disease
4.1.2.Anti-emetics
4.1.2.1. Classification of antiemetics
4.1.2.2. Clinically relevant pharmacology and therapeutic uses of antiemetics
4.1.3.Anti-diarrhoeal drugs
4.1.3.1. General principles of management depending on the nature and severity of
diarrhea (treatment of fluid depletion, maintenance of nutrition, and drug
therapy)
4.1.3.2. Intravenous and oral rehydration therapies
4.1.3.3. Describe the clinically relevant pharmacology and therapeutic uses of drugs
used for symptomatic relief of diarrhea
4.1.4.Laxatives
4.1.4.1. Classification of laxatives
4.1.4.2. Clinically relevant pharmacology and use of laxatives
4.2. Drugs acting on the genitourinary system
4.2.1.Diuretics
4.2.1.1. Classification of diuretics on the basis of their mechanism of action and
clinical efficacy.
4.2.1.2. Clinically relevant pharmacokinetics, indications, adverse effects, and
contraindications of the different classes of diuretics.
4.2.1.3. Others drugs acting on the genitourinary system
4.2.1.3.1. Drugs used in the management of erectile dysfunction.
4.2.1.3.2. Drugs used in management of benign prostatic hypertrophy and
prostate carcinoma
4.2.1.3.3. Drugs used in management of male and female infertility
4.2.1.3.4. Tocolytic and oxytocic drugs
4.3. Drugs acting on the endocrine System
4.3.1.Hypothalamic factors & pituitary hormones
4.3.1.1. Physiological functions and discuss the clinically relevant pharmacology and
therapeutic uses of hypothalamic factors and pituitary hormones
4.3.2.Adrenal corticosteroids
4.3.2.1. Actions, therapeutic uses, adverse effects, and contraindications
glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids
4.3.2.2. Natural and synthetic corticosteroids on the basis of anti-inflammatory and
sodium-retaining potencies
4.3.3.Sex hormones and their therapeutic applications
4.3.3.1. Actions, uses, and adverse effects of androgens
4.3.3.2. Anabolic steroids; describe their uses and adverse effects; recognize their
potential for abuse
4.3.3.3. Clinical uses and adverse effects of antiandrogens
4.3.3.4. Actions, uses, and adverse effects of estrogens
4.3.3.5. Clinical pharmacology and uses of antiestrogens, selective estrogen receptor
modulators, aromatase inhibitors
4.3.3.6. Actions, uses, and adverse effects of progestins
4.3.3.7. Clinical pharmacology and uses of antiprogestins contraception
4.3.3.8. Types of hormonal contraceptives and explain their mechanisms of action
4.3.3.9. Adverse effects, interactions, and precautions/contraindications of
hormonal contraceptives
4.3.4.Thyroid hormones and anti-thyroid drugs
4.3.4.1. Synthesis and actions of thyroid hormones and describe their therapeutic
uses
4.3.4.2. Clinically relevant pharmacology and uses of antithyroid drugs
4.3.5.Diabetes mellitus
4.3.5.1. Actions of insulin
4.3.5.2. Insulin preparations; differentiate them by their types and onset/duration of
action; review uses, adverse effects, interactions of insulin; discuss insulin
resistance
4.3.5.3. Oral hypoglycemic agents; mechanism of action; uses, adverse effects, and
interactions of these agents
4.3.5.4. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches to the management
of diabetes mellitus
4.3.6.Drug management of bone disorders of calcium & phosphate metabolism
4.3.6.1. Physiological roles and therapeutic use of calcium
4.3.6.2. Clinically relevant pharmacology and therapeutic uses of agents affecting
calcium balance – parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, vitamin D, and
bisphosphonates

6. Assessment
6.1.1.Tests 20%
6.2.1.Written – 50%
6.2.2.Vivas – 10%
7.1. H. Rang, M. Dale, J. Ritter and R. Flower. Pharmacology.
7.2. D.R. Laurence, P. N. Bennet and M. J. Brown. Clinical Pharmacology.
7.3. Bertram G. Katzung. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology
8.1. Goodman & Gillman’s, The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
8.2. WHO, Guide to Good Prescribing: A Practical Manual. Geneva
8.3. WHO Global Strategy for Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance. Geneva.
Year 3 Semester 2
Course Title: Human Anatomy (Neuro anatomy). Course Code: MAN 312
1. Rationale:
2. Aim:
To introduce the student to general principles of gross anatomy and organization of the nervous
system as a basis for clinical practice.
3. Objectives
3.1. Provide an overview of the topology and structural organization of the brain and spinal
cord.
3.2. Identify major neuroanatomical structures in wet specimens and images and describe their
functional significance.
3.3. Describe the organization of the major ascending and descending tracts of the brain and
spinal cord, including neural systems for pain and temperature sensation, touch and
pressure
3.4. Describe the blood supply and venous drainage of the nervous system and be able to deduce
the effects of rupture or occlusion of the major vessels
3.5. Demonstrate the major embryological sub division of the central nervous system as seen on
the surface of the human forebrain, hindbrain and spinal cord.
3.6. Describe the four lobes of the cerebral hemispheres and the neuroanatomical landmarks
that define their boundaries in the human brain.
3.7. Describe the histological features of the nervous system
3.8. Describe the development of nervous system
4. Course Content
4.1. Gross anatomy of head and skull
4.1.1.Osteology of the skull
4.1.2.Paranasal sinuses
4.1.3.Osteology of the vertebrae column
4.1.4.Scalp and face muscles
4.1.5.Salivary glands
4.1.6.Congenital malformation of the face
4.1.7.Temporal and infratemporal fossa
4.1.8.Oral cavity
4.1.9.Triangle of the neck
4.1.10. Pharynx and larynx
4.1.11. Cranial nerves
4.1.12. Root of the neck and thyroid gland
4.1.13. Pharyngeal arches and derivatives
4.1.14. The ear
4.1.15. Dural venous sinus
4.1.16. Parathyroid gland
4.2. Neuroanatomy
4.2.1.Anatomy of the brain and spinal code
4.2.2.Ventricular system
4.2.3.Neurulation and neural tube defects
4.2.4.Brain stem
4.2.5.Cerebellum and functional areas
4.2.6.Histology of the nervous system
4.2.7.Cells of the nervous system
4.2.8.Development of nervous tissue
4.2.9.Generation and conduction of nerve impulses
4.2.10. Peripheral nervous system
4.2.11. Somatic motor and autonomic nervous system
4.2.12. Ganglia
4.2.13. Central Nervous System
4.3. Development of nervous system, ear and eye.
4.3.1.Origin of nervous system
4.3.2.Development of spinal cord
4.3.2.1. Development of spinal ganglia
4.3.2.2. Development of spinal meninges
4.3.2.3. Positional changes of the spinal cord
4.3.2.4. Myelination of nerve fibers
4.3.3.Birth defects of the spinal cord
4.3.4.Development of the brain
4.3.4.1. Brain flexures
4.3.4.2. Hind brain
4.3.4.3. Myelencephalon
4.3.4.4. Metencephalon
4.3.5.Choroid plexuses and cerebral spinal fluid
4.3.5.1. Mid brain
4.3.5.2. Fore brain
4.3.6.Congenital anomalies of the brain
4.3.7.Development of peripheral nervous system
4.3.7.1. Spinal nerves
4.3.7.2. Cranial nerves
4.3.8.Development of autonomic nervous system
4.3.9.Sympathetic nervous system
4.3.10. Parasympathetic nervous system
4.3.11. Eyes and ears
4.3.12. Development of eyes and related structures
4.3.12.1. Retina
4.3.12.2. Choroid and sclera
4.3.12.3. Ciliary body
4.3.12.4. Iris
4.3.12.5. Lens
4.3.12.6. Aqueous chambers
4.3.12.7. Cornea
4.3.12.8. Eyelids
4.3.12.9. Lacrimal glands
4.3.12.10.
4.3.13. Development of ears
4.3.13.1. Internal ears
4.3.13.2. Middle ears
4.3.13.3. External ears
5. Teaching Methods
5.2. Tutorials 2 hours per week
6. Method of Assessment
6.1.1.Tests 35%
6.1.2.Practical 5%
6.2. Final examination 60%
6.2.1.Written 40%
6.2.2.OSCE 10%
6.2.3.Vivas 10%
Wilkins
8.3. T.W. Sadler. Langman’s Medical embryology. Wolters Kluwer
Course Title: Human Physiology (Neurophysiology). Course Code: MPG 322
1. Rationale:
The nervous system is central to transmission of signals within the body and this is the basis for
various sensory perceptions and responses in the body.
2. Aim:
The aim of the course is to introduce neurosciences to the students neurophysiology
3. Objectives
3.1. Explain the functional anatomy of the central nervous system (CNS) and undertake the
localization of CNS lesions.
3.2. Describe how the various parts of the CNS work.
3.3. Describe and explain the features of lower and upper motor neuron disorders and other
CNS disorders.
3.4. Correlate CNS Disorders with neurotransmitter dysfunction.
3.5. Describe the pathophysiology of some common CNS disorders.
4. Course content
4.1. The Nervous System: General Principles and Sensory Physiology
4.1.1.Organization of the nervous system, basic functions of synapses, transmitter
substances
4.1.1.1. General design of the nervous system.
4.1.1.2. Major Levels of CNS function.
4.1.1.3. CNS Synapses.
4.1.1.4. Muscle sensory receptors.
4.1.1.5. Flexor reflex and the withdrawal reflexes.
4.1.1.6. Some special characteristics of synaptic transmission.
4.2. Sensory receptors, neuronal circuits for processing information
4.2.1.Types of sensory receptors and the sensory stimuli they detect.
4.2.2.Transduction of sensory stimuli into nerve impulse.
4.2.3.Transmission and processing of signals in neuronal pools.
4.3. Overview of neurotransmitters in the CNS
4.4. Somatic Sensations I: General organization, the tactile and position senses
4.4.1.Position Senses.
4.4.2.Sensory pathways for transmitting somatic signals into the CNS
4.4.3.Transmission of less critical sensory signals in the anterolateral pathways.
4.4.4.Some special aspects of somatosensory function.
4.5. Somatic Sensations II: Pain, headache and thermal sensations
4.5.1.Types of pain and their qualities – fast pain and slow pain.
4.5.2.Dual pathways for transmission of pain
4.5.3.Thermal sensation
4.5.4.Examination of the eye.
4.6. Special Senses: The Eye
4.6.1.Review of the anatomy and function of the structural elements of the retina.
4.6.2.Color Vision.
4.6.3.Neural functions of the retina.
4.6.4.Visual pathways.
4.6.5.Organization and function of the visual cortex.
4.6.6.Neuronal patterns of stimulation during analysis of the visual image.
4.6.7.Fields of vision; perimetry.
4.6.8.Eye movement and their control.
4.6.9.Autonomic control of accommodation and pupillary aperture.
4.7. Special Senses: Hearing
4.7.1.Review of anatomy of the ear.
4.7.2.Tympanic membrane and the ossicular system.
4.7.3.Cochlear.
4.7.4.Central auditory mechanisms.
4.7.5.Hearing abnormalities.
4.8. Special Senses: The chemical senses – taste and smell
4.8.1.Sense of taste.
4.8.2.Sense of smell.
4.9. Cortical and brain stem control of motor function
4.9.1.Motor cortex and corticospinal tracts.
4.9.2.Primary motor cortex.
4.9.3.Premotor area.
4.9.4.Role of the brain stem in controlling motor function.
4.10. Vestibular sensations and maintenance of equilibrium.
4.10.1. Functions of brain stem nuclei in controlling subconscious, stereotyped movements.
4.11. Contributions of the Cerebellum and Basal Nuclei to Overall Motor Control
4.11.1. Cerebellum and its motor functions
4.11.2. Basal nuclei – Their motor functions
4.11.3. Integration of the many parts of the total motor control system
4.12. Cerebral cortex, intellectual functions of the brain, learning and memory
4.12.1. Functions of the cerebral cortex
4.12.2. Functions of specific cortical areas
4.12.3. Functions of the brain in communication – Language and function of the
commissures.
4.12.4. Thought processes-Consciousness and memory.
4.13. Behavioural and motivation mechanism of the brain – The limbic system and the
hypothalamus
4.13.1. Activating-Driving systems of the brain
4.13.2. Hypothalamus and the limbic system
4.13.3. Specific function of other parts of the limbic system
4.14. States of the brain activity – Sleep, brain waves, epilepsy, psychoses
4.14.1. Sleep.
4.14.2. Brain waves.
4.15. The Autonomic nervous system
4.15.1. General organization of the autonomic nervous system.
4.15.2. Basic Characteristics of sympathetic and parasympathetic function.
4.15.3. Cholinergic and Adrenergic Fibers – Secretion of acetylcholine or norepinephrine.
4.15.4. Receptors on the effector organs.
4.15.5. Actions of sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation.
4.16. Cerebral blood flow, cerebrospinal fluid and brain metabolism
4.16.1. Cerebral blood flow.
4.16.2. Cerebrospinal fluid system.
4.16.3. Brain metabolism.
5.1. Lectures,
5.2. Practicals,
5.3. Seminars .
6. Contact hours
6.1. Lectures - 2 hours per week.
6.2. Practicals - 3 every 2 weeks
6.3. Tutorials - 1 hour per week.
7. Assessment method:
7.1.2.Seminars 5%
7.2.1.Paper 1 - Essays and short notes – 30%
7.2.2.Paper 2 - Multiple choice questions – 25%
8.1. Duane E. Haines Fundamental Neuroscience for Basic and Clinical Application
Churchill Livingstone.
8.2. Dale Purves, George J. Augustine, David Fitzpatrick, William C. Hall, Anthony-Samuel
LaMaantia, James O. McNamara and Leonard E. White. Neuroscience Published by Sinauer
Associates, Inc.
8.3. John Nolte.Integrated Neuroscience. Elseviers.
9.1. Berne R. M., Levy M. N., Koepen B. M., Stanton B. A. Physiology
9.2. Guyton A. C., and Hall J. E., Human Physiology and Mechanism of Disease.
9.3. Barr M. L. and Keirnan, J. A. The Human Nervous System 5th
Course Title: Pathology (Nervous system, hematology and soft tissue tumors). Course Code:
MPA 332
1. Rationale:
The central nervous system is a major biological software of the human body and subtle
pathological changes can result in abnormal physical and mental aberrations in the individual.
There is therefore need for students to have a thorough understanding of the different pathological
changes that occur in the nervous system under different circumstances. Blood has three main
functions; transport, protection and regulation. Any disturbance in composition of blood and
differentiation of blood cells can affect these three main functions. Hematology component
therefore is very important in making students appreciate the significance of blood for normal body
function. Soft tissue tumors, even though rare can have a malignant history, hence the need to
sensitize students about different soft tissue tumors.
2. Aims
To introduce students to nervous system, hematological and soft tissue pathological changes
3. Objectives
Upon completion of the course students should be able to:
3.1. Describe developmental anomalies of the central nervous system
3.2. Name common central nervous system infections
3.3. Name different cerebral vascular diseases
3.4. List malignant tumors of the nervous system
3.5. Describe disorders of blood cells and platelets
3.6. Explain mechanisms of hemostasis under normal and abnormal conditions
3.7. Describe principles of transfusion medicine
3.8. Name soft tissue tumors and tumor like conditions
4. Contents
4.1. Nervous system
4.1.1.1. Special sense organs
4.1.1.1.1. Eye
4.1.1.1.2. Ears
4.1.1.2. Central nervous system
4.1.1.2.1. Spinal cord
4.1.1.2.2. Cerebral cortex
4.1.1.2.3. Cerebellar cortex
4.1.2. Pathology
4.1.2.1. Developmental anomalies
4.1.2.1.1. Spinal cord
4.1.2.1.1.1. Spina bifida
4.1.2.1.2. Sphingomyelia
4.1.2.1.3. Arnold-Chiari malformation
4.1.2.1.4. Hydrocephalus
4.1.2.2. Infections
4.1.2.2.1. Meningitis
4.1.2.2.2. Encephalitis
4.1.2.2.3. Brain abscess
4.1.2.2.4. Tuberculoma
4.1.2.2.5. Neurosyphilis
4.1.2.2.6. HIV encephalopathy
4.1.2.2.7. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
4.1.2.2.8. Spongiform encephalopathy
4.1.2.2.9. Cerebral trauma
4.1.2.3. Cerebral vascular diseases
4.1.2.3.1. Ischemic brain disease
4.1.2.3.2. Intracranial hemorrhage
4.1.2.3.2.1. Intracerebral
4.1.2.3.2.2. Subarachnoid
4.1.2.4. Trauma to CNS
4.1.2.4.1. Epidural hematoma
4.1.2.4.2. Subdural hematoma
4.1.2.4.3. Parenchymal brain damage
4.1.2.5. Demyelinating diseases
4.1.2.5.1. Multiple sclerosis
4.1.2.5.2. Encephalomyelitis
4.1.2.6. Degenerative diseases
4.1.2.6.1. Alzheimer’s disease
4.1.2.6.2. Parkinsonism
4.1.2.7. Metabolic diseases
4.1.2.7.1. Hypoglycemia
4.1.2.7.2. Hepatic encephalopathy
4.1.2.7.3. Kernicterus
4.1.2.7.4. Uremia
4.1.2.8. Nutritional
4.1.2.8.1. Wernicke’s encephalopathy and Korsakoff’s psychosis (Vit B1,
thiamine deficiency)
4.1.2.8.2. Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord (vitamin B12
deficiency)
4.1.2.8.3. Pellagra (Niacin deficiency)
4.1.2.9. Tumors-Central nervous system and peripheral nerves
4.1.2.9.1. Tumors of neuroglia (Glioma)
4.1.2.9.1.1. Astrocytoma
4.1.2.9.1.2. Oligodendroglioma
4.1.2.9.1.3. Ependymoma
4.1.2.9.1.4. Choroid plexus papilloma
4.1.2.9.2. Tumors of neurons
4.1.2.9.2.1. Neuroblastoma
4.1.2.9.2.2. Ganglioneuroblastoma
4.1.2.9.2.3. Ganglioneuroma
4.1.2.9.3. Tumors of neurons and neuroglia
4.1.2.9.3.1. Ganglioglioma
4.1.2.9.4. Poorly-differentiated and embryonal tumors
4.1.2.9.4.1. Medulloblastoma
4.1.2.9.4.2. Neuroblastoma
4.1.2.9.5. Tumors of meninges
4.1.2.9.5.1. Meningioma
4.1.2.9.5.2. Meningiosarcomas
4.1.2.9.6. Nerve sheath tumors
4.1.2.9.6.1. Schwannoma
4.1.2.9.6.2. Neurofibroma
4.1.2.9.7. Other Primary intraparenchymal tumors
4.1.2.9.7.1. Hemangioblastoma
4.1.2.9.7.2. Primary CNS lymphoma
4.1.2.9.7.3. Germ cell tumors
4.1.2.9.8. Miscellaneous tumors
4.1.2.9.8.1. Malignant melanoma
4.1.2.9.8.2. Craniopharyngioma
4.1.2.9.8.3. Pineal cell tumors
4.1.2.9.8.4. Pituitary tumors
4.1.2.9.9. Tumor-like lesions- epidermal cyst, dermoid cyst, colloid cyst
4.1.2.9.10. Metastatic tumors (Primaries from carcinomas of the lung, breast,
skin (malignant melanoma), kidney and the gastrointestinal tract and
choriocarcinoma)
4.1.2.10. Peripheral nerves
4.1.2.10.1. Reactions to injury
4.1.2.10.2. Peripheral neuritis
4.2. Hematology
4.2.1.Hemopoiesis
4.2.1.1. Blood formation in the embryo and fetus
4.2.1.2. Bone marrow structure and function
4.2.1.3. Hemopoietic stem cells
4.2.1.4. Hemopoietic growth factors and stem cell proliferation
4.2.1.5. Components of blood and functions.
4.2.2.Anemia
4.2.2.1. Definition and classification criteria of anemia
4.2.2.2. Epidemiology
4.2.2.3. Pathophysiology
4.2.2.4. Nutritional anemias
4.2.2.5. Acquired hemolytic anemias
4.2.2.6. Congenital hemolytic anemias
4.2.2.7. Anemias of chronic disorders
4.2.2.8. Aplastic anemias.
4.2.3.Leukocyte Functional Disorders
4.2.3.1. Leukocyte physiology and function
4.2.3.2. Myeloproliferative disorders
4.2.3.3. Myelodysplastic disorders
4.2.3.4. Acute leukemia
4.2.3.5. Chronic leukemia.
4.2.4.Lymphomas – classification and diagnosis of non- Hodgkin’s and Hodgkin’s Disease.
4.2.5.Plasma cell dyscrasias and related disorders - Multiple myeloma
4.2.6.Hemostasis and thrombosis
4.2.6.1. Platelet structure and function
4.2.6.2. Normal hemostatic mechanisms
4.2.6.3. Platelets and coagulation disorders
4.2.6.4. Fibrinolysis
4.2.6.5. Thrombosis and purpuras
4.2.6.6. Acquired and congenital coagulopathies
4.2.6.7. Investigation of hemostatic and thrombotic disorders
4.2.7.Blood transfusion science
4.2.7.1. Principles of immune hematology
4.2.7.2. Compatibility testing
4.2.7.3. Transfusion reactions
4.2.7.4. Hemolytic disease of the newborn.
4.3. Soft tissue tumors

4.3.1.Tumors or tumor like conditions of fibrous tissue
4.3.1.1. Fibroma
4.3.1.2. Fibromatosis
4.3.1.3. Fibrosarcoma
4.3.2.Fibrohistiocytic tumors
4.3.2.1. Histiocytoma
4.3.3.Tumor of adipose tissue
4.3.3.1. Lipoma
4.3.3.2. Liposarcoma
4.3.4.Skeletal muscle tumors
4.3.4.1. Rhabdomyoma
4.3.4.2. Rhabdomyosarcoma
4.3.4.3. Tumor like lesions
4.3.4.3.1. Myositis ossificans

5.2. Seminars - 2 hours per week
6.1.1.Tests 30%
6.2.1.Written 40%
6.2.2.Practical 15%
6.2.3.Oral 5%
7. Prescribed books
7.1. Macsween R.. Muir’s Textbook of Pathology. Edward Arnold. London.
7.2. Robbins SL and Kumar V. Basic Pathology. WB Saunders Co. London.
7.3. Pallister CJ Blood Physiology and Pathophysiology. Butterworth-Heinemann. Oxford.
7.4. Hoffbrand AV and Pettit JE. Essential Hematology ( Blackwell Scientific Publications,
Oxford.
Philadelphia.
8.1. Dolinak D, Matshes E and Lew E.. Forensic Pathology – Principles and Practice.Elsevier
Academic Press. London, Burlington & California.
8.2. Simmons A. Hematology. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford.
8.3. Nguyen DT and Diamond LT. Diagnostic Hematology. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford.
8.4. Fleming AF. Hematological Diseases in the Tropics in Manson’s Tropical Diseases.
Saunders, Philadelphia
8.5. Zilva TF, Pannall RP and Mayne PD. Clinical Chemistry in Diagnosis and Treatment
Lloyd-Luke Medical Books. London.
8.6. Dacie JV and Lewis SM. Medical Laboratory Hematology Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford.
8.7. Luxton RW. Fundamentals of Clinical Biochemistry Explained (ed. Pallister CJ).
Butterworth-Heinemann. Oxford.
Course Title: Microbiology (Nervous system, Skin, Blood, and HIV). Course Code: MMB 342
1. Rationale:
The nervous system, skin and blood like other parts of the body are prone to infections. It is very
important for students to have a thorough understanding of the infective microorganisms and the
circumstances under which they infect as this can have devastating consequences especially in the
brain. HIV the causative microorganism for AIDS has ravaged many communities especially in sub-
Saharan Africa. There is no known cure for the disease, so understanding the mode of transmission
and natural history are crucial for effective implementation of preventive measures. Students
therefore need to be very knowledgeable about the natural history of HIV.
2. Aim:
The aim of the course is to equip students with knowledge about central nervous system, skin and
blood infections; the biology and natural history of HIV.
3. Objectives
3.1. Describe the clinical presentations of these parasitic infections
3.2. Name microorganisms that infect the nervous system
3.3. List parasites detected in blood
3.4. Describe common skin infections and causative microorganisms
3.5. Define fever of unknown origin
3.6. List infections in immunocompromised host
3.7. Describe features, transmission, pathophysiology and management of HIV infection
4. Course contents
4.1. Nervous system infections
4.1.1.Bacterial
4.1.1.1. Neisseria meningitides
4.1.1.2. Hemophilus influenza
4.1.1.3. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
4.1.1.4. Clostridium tetany
4.1.1.5. Others depending on age and circumstances
4.1.2.Viral
4.1.2.1. Enterovirus- polio
4.1.2.2. Varicella zoster virus
4.1.2.3. Mumps
4.1.2.4. Rabies
4.1.2.6. HIV
4.1.2.7. West Nile virus
4.1.2.8. Coxsackie viruses
4.1.2.9. Echoviruses
4.1.3.Fungal
4.1.3.1. Cryptococcus neoformans
4.2. Blood infections
4.2.1.Bacteria
4.2.1.1. Borrelia recurentis
4.2.1.2. Septicemia
4.2.2.Parasites detected in blood
4.2.2.1. Plasmodium
4.2.2.2. Babesia
4.2.2.3. Toxoplasma gondi
4.2.2.4. Leishmania
4.2.2.5. Trypanosomes ((rhodesiense, cruzi, gambiense))
4.2.3.Lymhatics
4.2.3.1. Wuchereria bancrofti
4.2.3.2. Brugia malayi
4.3. Skin infections
4.3.1.Parasitic
4.3.1.1. Onchocerca volvulus
4.3.1.2. Sarcoptes scabiei
4.3.1.3. Loa loa
4.3.1.4. Dracunculus
4.3.2.Common bacterial skin infections
4.3.2.1. Staphylococcus aureus
4.3.2.2. Streptococcus pyogenes
4.3.2.3. Clostridium perfringens
4.3.3.Common fungal skin infections
4.3.3.1. Trichophyton rubrum
4.3.3.2. Candida albicans
4.3.3.3. Malassezia furfur
4.3.4.Common viral skin infections
4.3.4.2. Herpes Zoster
4.3.4.3. Human papillomavirus
4.3.4.4. Poxvirus
4.3.4.5. Varicella-zoster virus
4.3.4.6. Measles virus
4.4. Ectoparasites
4.5. Fever of unknown origin
4.6. Infections in the immunocompromised host
4.6.1.Febrile neutropenia
4.6.2.Infectious in solid organ transplants recipients
4.6.3.Immune reconstitution syndrome
4.6.4.HIV and AIDS
4.6.4.1. Epidemiology
4.6.4.2. Pathophysiology
4.6.4.3. Modes of transmission
4.6.4.4. Natural history
4.6.4.5. Laboratory diagnosis
4.6.4.6. Management of the HIV positive patient
4.6.4.7. Highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART)
4.6.4.8. Prevention of HIV infection
4.6.4.9. Types of testing

5.2. Laboratory Practical’s – 2 hours after 2 weeks
6. Assessment
6.1.1.Labs 5%
6.1.2.Tests 35%
6.2.2.Oral - 10%
6.2.3.Written- 40%
7.1. Brostoff, R. Immunology, , Mosby, London.
7.2. White, D.O. and Fenner, F.J. Medical Virology, . Academic Press, London.
7.3. Sleigh, J.D., Morag, C. and Timbury. Medical Bacteriology. Churchild Livingstone,
Edinburgh, London.
7.4. Sherris, J.C. et al. Medical Microbiology. Introduction to Infectious Diseases.
Elsevier, New York.
7.5. Beaver P.C., Jung R.C., Cupp, E.W. Clinical Parasitology. Lea and Ferbiger,
Philadelphia
7.6. Orihel T. and Ash L.R . Atlas of Human Parasitology.
7.7. American Society of Clinical Pathology Press. Raven Press, .
8.1. Pattison, J.R. et al. A Practical Guide to Clinical Bacteriology, Wiley and Sons.
Chichester.
8.2. Thomas, C.J.A. Medical Microbiology.. Bailliere Tindall, London.
8.3. Murray, Drew, Kobayashi, Thompson. Medical Microbiology. International Student
8.4. Norman, R.G. et al Diseases of Infection: An Illustrated Textbook, Oxford University
Press, Oxford.
8.5. Mims, C., Dimmock, N., Nash, A and Stephen J. Mims’ Pathogenesis of Infectious
Disease.Academic Press, London.
8.6. Peters, W. and Gilles, H.M. A Colour Atlas of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology.
Medical Publications Ltd. Wolfe
8.7. Manson-Bahr, P.E.C., and Bell, D.R. Manson’s Tropical Diseases
Course Title: Pharmacology and Therapeutics (Nervous system, chemotherapy and general
topics). Course Code: MPC 352
1. Rationale
2. Aims
To provide the student with an understanding of drug treatment of nervous system,
hematological, allergic conditions and infectious. This course also gives students a comprehensive
coverage of principles of chemotherapy and rational prescribing.
3. Objectives
3.1. Classify drugs used for CNS disorders.
3.2. Describe drug treatment of different hematological conditions
3.3. Name drugs which suppress immune response
3.4. Describe mechanisms of action of CNS, hematological and antiallergic drugs
3.5. Name drugs that are used for specific microbial infections
3.6. Name anti cancer drugs and describe their mechanism of action.
3.7. Explain etiology of microbial drug resistance
4. Course contents
4.1. Central Nervous System
4.1.1.Drugs used in the management of pain
4.1.2.General and local Anesthetic Agents
4.1.3.Drugs used in the management of movement disorders and muscle spasticity
4.1.4.CNS acting drugs associated with addiction, dependence and abuse
4.1.5.Drugs used in the management of psychotic disorders
4.1.6.Drugs Used in the management of anxiety disorders and insomnia
4.1.7.Drugs Used in the management of epilepsy
4.1.8.Drugs Used in the management of affective disorders
4.2. Drugs acting on the Hematological system
4.2.1.Drugs that affect hemostasis & thrombosis
4.2.1.1. Clinically relevant pharmacology and therapeutic uses of vitamin K and
other coagulants
4.2.1.2. Mechanism of action, indications, adverse effects, interactions,
precautions/contraindications of parenteral and oral anticoagulants
4.2.1.3. Clinically relevant pharmacology and therapeutic uses of fibrinolytics
(thrombolytics), antifibrinolytics, and antiplatelet agents
4.3. Drug management of anemia
4.3.1.Clinically relevant pharmacology and therapeutic uses of drugs used in the treatment
of different types of anemia
4.4. Inflammation and Allergy
4.4.1.Local hormones (autacoids) and mediators of inflammation
4.4.1.1. Actions of histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin),
prostaglandins,leukotrienes and platelet activating factor
4.4.1.2. Clinical pharmacology of histamine H1 antagonists including therapeutic
uses and adverse effects
4.4.2.Drugs used to suppress inflammatory & immune reactions
4.4.2.1. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
4.4.2.2. Clinically relevant pharmacology, adverse effects and therapeutic uses of
NSAIDs and paracetamol (acetaminophen)
4.4.3.Clinically relevant pharmacology, including adverse effects and uses of drugs used for
rheumatoid arthritis and gout
4.5. Chemotherapy
4.5.1.Clinically relevant general issues relating to chemotherapy
4.5.1.1. General principles of rational antimicrobial therapy, including the
importance of accurate diagnosis and selection of the appropriate agent
4.5.1.2. The importance of rapid diagnostic tests for quick and proper management
of infections, and locally available tests
4.5.1.3. Principles of rational use of antimicrobials for prophylaxis
4.5.1.4. The problem of widespread overprescribing and inappropriate prescribing
of antimicrobials and list factors responsible for such practices
4.5.1.5. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and multidrug resistance (MDR) and the
mechanism of AMR
4.5.1.6. Diseases of major public health importance for which AMR is an issue (TB,
malaria, pneumonia, bacillary dysentery, STI, HIV/AIDS)
4.5.1.7. The role of effective immunization programs in reducing infectious disease
burden and AMR
4.5.2.Anti-bacterial agents
4.5.2.1. Classification of antibacterial agents according to their mechanism of action
4.5.2.2. The antibacterial spectrum, mechanism of action, clinically relevant
pharmacokinetics, adverse effects and use of sulfonamides, cotrimoxazole, beta-
lactam antibiotics (penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, and
carbapenems), quinolones, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, aminoglycosides,
macrolides, clindamycin, vancomycin, and other newer antibacterial agents
4.5.3.Anti-viral agents
4.5.3.1. Antiviral agents and discuss their mechanism of action, clinically relevant
pharmacology, adverse effects and uses
4.5.4.Anti-fungal agents
4.5.4.1. Antifungal agents and discuss their mechanism of action, clinically relevant
pharmacology, adverse effects and uses
4.5.5.Anti-protozoal agents
4.5.5.1. Mechanism of action, clinically relevant pharmacology, adverse effects and
uses anti-protozoal agents, including antiamoebics
4.5.6.Anti-helminthic agents
4.5.6.1. Mechanism of action, clinically relevant pharmacology, adverse effects and
uses of anthelmintic agents
4.5.7.First choice and alternative drugs used for different types of helminthiasis
4.6. Drug management of HIV/AIDS
4.6.1.Classification of antiretroviral agents and their mechanism of action, clinically
relevant pharmacokinetics, adverse effects and clinically important interactions
4.6.2.Nationally-recommended management of HIV and AIDS
4.6.3.Post-exposure and prenatal prophylaxis of HIV infection
4.7. Drug management of tuberculosis
4.7.1.First and second line anti-tuberculosis drugs; their mechanism of action, clinically
relevant pharmacokinetics, adverse effects and clinically important interactions
4.7.2.Nationally-recommended management of tuberculosis, including MDR tuberculosis
4.8. Drug management of malaria
4.8.1.Classification of anti-malarial agents and discuss their mechanisms of action,
clinically relevant pharmacokinetics, and adverse effects
4.8.2.Nationally-recommended management of malaria
4.9. Cancer chemotherapy
4.9.1.Classification of anticancer drugs; their salient pharmacological features, including
their uses and adverse effects
4.9.2.General principles of cancer chemotherapy
4.10. General Topics and Therapeutics
4.11. Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM)
4.11.1. Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) and its importance in attaining rational
therapeutics.
4.12. Principles of rational prescribing and monitoring drug therapy (as recommended in
the WHO Guide to Good Prescribing).
4.12.1. Selecting and prescribing medicines appropriately as recommended in the WHO
book “Guide to Good Prescribing”.
4.12.2. Effectively communication with and counseling patients/caregivers regarding
appropriate medicines use, adherence to treatment, responsible self-medication,
and infection prevention.
4.13. Prescribing for children, pregnant women, lactating mothers, and the elderly
4.13.1. Principles of prescribing for special groups of patients such as children, pregnant
women, lactating mothers, and the elderly
4.14. Pharmacovigilance (adverse drug reactions and their monitoring, adverse drug
interactions, medication errors, drug quality)
4.14.1. Pharmacovigilance-related issues such as adverse drug reaction (ADR), medication
errors, and poor drug quality;
4.14.2. The role of prescribers in addressing such issues and promoting drug safety
4.14.3. Mechanisms of drug interactions and their clinical implications
4.15. Management of drug overdose and poisoning
4.15.1. General principles of management of drug overdose and poisoning
4.15.2. The management of overdose and poisoning with selected drugs and poisons
4.16. Zambian Standard Treatment Guidelines (STG), Essential Medicines List, and
Formulary and their role in rational use of medicines
4.16.1. Standard treatment guidelines/drug formularies/essential drugs lists, and locally
produced documents and their role in promoting rational use of drugs
4.17. Antimicrobial resistance (factors contributing to AMR; impact of AMR; global and
local examples of AMR; strategies to contain AMR)
4.17.1. Key factors contributing to emergence and spread of AMR
4.17.2. Individual and public health consequences of AMR
4.17.3. Selected local and global examples/case stories of AMR, including MDR (e.g., in TB,
malaria, HIV/AIDS, hospital-acquired infections, STIs, etc)
4.17.4. The role of prescribers in containing AMR such as judicious antimicrobial
prescribing, patient education, hospital infection control activities, and use of AMR
surveillance information to guide prescribing
4.17.5. The role of prescribers as agents for awareness and advocacy on issues such as
substandard/counterfeit drugs, use of antimicrobials for growth promotion in
animals, and overall AMR containment
4.18. Factors influencing prescribing and critical analysis of promotional literature
4.18.1. Factors influencing prescribing
4.18.2. Promotional drug information provided by pharmaceutical industry

6. Assessment
6.1.1.Tests 20%
6.2.1.Written – 50%
6.2.2.Vivas – 10%
7.1. H. Rang, M. Dale, J. Ritter and R. Flower, Pharmacology.
7.2. D.R. Laurence, P. N. Bennet and M. J. Brown, Clinical Pharmacology.
7.3. Bertram G. Katzung, Basic and Clinical Pharmacology.
8.1. Goodman & Gillman’s, The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics.
8.2. Laurence Brunton, John Lazo and Keith Parker
8.3. WHO, (1994) Guide to Good Prescribing: A Practical Manual. Geneva
8.4. WHO (2001) Global Strategy for Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance. Geneva.
Course Title: Public Health (Biostatistics, research methods and health promotion). Course
Code: MPU 382
1. Rationale
Public health provides the methods for protecting the health of the community through disease
prevention, health promotion and other interventions. This course provide the students with an
understanding of the broad issues that can affect the health and well-being of the public and builds
on the concepts learned in Public Health I.
2. Aim:
To provide the student with an understanding of the community in which they live, the methods
used to measure and understand the patterns and determinants of disease as well as the ethical
requirements for research
3. Objectives
After the course the students will be expected to:
3.1 Describe the methods used to analyse and interpret data and the appropriate use of
statistical tests
3.2 Demonstrate knowledge in the scientific method of developing evidence
3.3 Apply epidemiological methods to arrive at a community diagnosis, identify health needs
and guarantee welfare of the people.
3.4 Describe the behaviour of the community towards better living, sanitation, clean water,
food and occupational health
3.5 Outline principles and processes of health promotion and behaviour change and provide
targeted public health interventions.
4. Course content
4.1 Biostatistics
4.1.1 Students must be able to
4.1.2 Determine when to use Chi-square statistic
4.1.3 Determine when to use a z-test or t-test
4.1.4 Apply appropriate tests of statistical significance for the comparison of two means
or two proportions
4.1.5 List several tests of significance for categorical data and for continuous data
4.1.6 Interpret a Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient
4.1.7 Describe the purpose of using linear regression
4.1.8 Describe the purpose of using logistic regression
4.1.9 Content Summary
4.1.9.1 The normal distribution
4.1.9.2 Transformation of data
4.1.9.3 Standardized Normal Distribution or Z-test
4.1.9.4 Use of statistical tests (Student’s t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Chi-
squared test
4.1.9.5 Correlation Coefficient
4.1.9.6 Interpret results of simple linear regression
4.1.9.7 Interpret results of logistic regression
4.2 Research methods, Health promotion and Environmental health
By the end of the course, students have to:
4.2.1 Demonstrate knowledge in how to identify a health problem,
4.2.2 Apply the principles of epidemiology to design, conduct and report a research
project Demonstrate knowledge in health promotion, environmental health,
occupational health and nutrition.
4.2.3.1 Research Methods
4.2.3.1.1 Background
4.2.3.1.2 Literature review
4.2.3.1.3 Problem identification, analysis and statement of problem
4.2.3.1.4 Stating specific and general objectives
4.2.3.1.5 Hypothesis testing
4.2.3.2 Study designs
4.2.3.2.1 Cross sectional studies
4.2.3.2.2 Case control
4.2.3.2.3 Cohort studies
4.2.3.2.4 Clinical trials
4.2.3.3 Sample size
4.2.3.3.1 Sample and population
4.2.3.3.2 Sample size for cross sectional studies
4.2.3.3.3 Sample size for case control and Cohort studies
4.2.3.4 Sampling techniques
4.2.3.4.1 Purposive/non random sampling
4.2.3.4.2 Simple random sampling
4.2.3.4.3 Stratified simple random sampling
4.2.3.4.4 Systematic sampling
4.2.3.5 Research Ethics
4.2.3.5.1 The Role of Research Ethics Committees/Institutional Review Boards
(IRBs)
4.2.3.5.2 Declaration of Helsinki
4.2.3.5.3 Informed consent
4.2.3.5.4 Conflict of interest
4.2.3.5.5 Benefit of the subjects
4.2.3.5.6 Risks disclosure
4.2.3.5.7 Publication Ethics
4.2.3.5.8 Academic fraud & plagiarism
4.2.3.6 Data collection techniques
4.2.3.6.1 General characteristics of questionnaire
4.2.3.6.2 Construct items for a questionnaire
4.2.3.6.3 Advantages and disadvantages of questionnaires as a data-collection
method
4.2.3.6.4 Advantages and disadvantages of interviews as a data-collection method
4.2.3.6.5 Compare and contrast the various types of data-collection methods
4.2.4 Nutrition and Health

4.2.4.1 Classification of foods
4.2.4.2 Nutritional requirement and its problem
4.2.4.3 Nutrition and infection cycle
4.2.4.4 Nutritional assessment and surveillance
4.2.4.5 Anthropometric measurements
4.2.4.6 Food safety and hygiene
4.2.5 Environmental Health

4.2.5.1 Overview
4.2.5.2 Environmental determinants of disease: concepts of macro and micro-
environment
4.2.5.3 Agencies involved in environmental health, and protection of the public
(including Non governmental Organisations)
4.2.5.4 Health problems associated with poor housing, inadequate water supplies and
sanitation,
4.2.5.5 Fuel use and pollution
4.2.5.6 Water sources and treatment
4.2.5.6.1 water pollution
4.2.5.6.2 water purification
4.2.5.6.3 water quality standards
4.2.5.6.4 health care waste management
4.2.5.7 Sewage treatment and disposal methods
4.2.5.8 Sources of pollution
4.2.5.9 Arthropods of medical importance
4.2.6 Occupational Health

4.2.6.1 Industrial Act and Safety
4.2.6.2 Occupational hazards and diseases
4.2.6.3 Law and sickness benefits
4.2.7 Health Promotion and Education

4.2.7.1 Definition and strategies for health promotion
4.2.7.2 Nature and scope of health promotion
4.2.7.3 Methods used in health promotion ie health education, social mobilization,
social marketing, mass media, communication, lobbying, mediation, advocacy,
legal & fiscal measures.
4.2.7.4 Ethics in health promotion
4.2.7.5 Integrating health promotion in priority health programmes
4.2.7.6 Purpose, importance and methods for social diagnosis
4.2.7.7 Collective and individual responsibility for health
4.2.7.8 Interaction between social, political, economic, physical and personal resources
as determinants of health
4.3 Community Health

By the end of this course, the students must be able to
4.3.1 Define community health as opposed to individuals’ health.
4.3.2 Prioritize community health problems together with the community.
4.3.3 Make a community diagnosis.
4.3.4 Formulate a community health research proposal.
4.3.5.1 Overview of Community Health Problems
4.3.5.2 Problem identification/Community Diagnosis
4.3.5.3 Problem prioritization/Choosing the research topic
4.3.5.4 Statement of the problem; study justification; literature review
4.3.6 Stating study objectives
4.3.7 The study design
4.3.8 Blood pressure and risk factors for high blood pressure
4.3.9 Urine variables and risk factors for urine abnormalities with special reference to
high blood pressure and bilharzias
4.3.10 Anthropometric measures
4.3.11 Course Activities

4.3.11.1 Critique the data-collection instruments used in research studies reported in
the literature
4.3.11.2 Proposal development on prevalence and factors associated with bilharzias,
hypertension, or any other disease defined during a community diagnosis
4.3.11.3 Data collection.
4.3.11.4 Data analysis
4.3.11.5 Report writing
4.3.11.6 Suggest public health interventions for a given disease.

5.1 Pre- and Post-field:
5.1.1 Lectures - 18 hours
5.1.2 Problem Based small group work tutorials - 9 hours
5.1.3 Seminars - 18 hours
5.2 Field work – 48 hours
5.2.1 Small group teaching - 8 hours
5.2.2 Problem Based small group work tutorials - 6 hours
6. Methods of Assessment
6.1.1 Individual Report - 25%
6.1.2 Group Report - 15%
6.2 Written examination - 60%
7.1 Ogunbode, O. Community Based Medical Education. Evans Brother Publication.
7.2 Gordis, L Epidemiology, Saunders. Philadelphia.
7.3 Kirkwood, B and Sterne J. Essentials of Medical Biostatistics. Blackwell Publishing. Singer
PA, Viens AM, The Cambridge Textbook of Bioethics Cambridge University Press, New
York.
8.1 Boaden, N., & John, B. Community Based Medical Education 1st Edition.
8.2 Community Based Medical Education (Teachers handbook)
8.3 Pomerleau J & Mckee M. Issues in Public Health. Open University Press
Course Title: Medical Ethics and Clinical Skills. Course Code: MEC 392
A. Medical Ethics
1. Rationale
Like many other professions there are certain guiding principles and values that need to be adhered
to by all clinicians. Students need to be taught these guiding principles and values applied in the
practice of Medicine
2. Aims
The aim of this course is to empower students with knowledge on medical ethics before they start
their clinical clerkships in earnest.
3. Objectives
By the end of this course, students are expected to be able to do the following:
3.1. Express an understanding of the nature of health care ethics;
3.2. Demonstrate knowledge of different ethical theories;
3.3. Demonstrate knowledge of different health care based code of ethics
3.4. Outline the major health care ethical issues;
3.5. Analyze critically principles used in ethical decision-making in health care issues;
3.6. Evaluate clinical situations and formulate an ethical position based on the principles of
ethics and codes of ethics.
4. Course Content
4.1. Overview of Medical Ethics
4.2.1.Philosophical Bases
4.2.1.1. Utilitarianism
4.2.1.2. Kantianism
4.2.1.3. Egoism
4.2.1.4. Deontology
4.2.2.Values in Health Care Ethics
4.2.2.1. Beneficence
4.2.2.2. Non-maleficence
4.2.2.3. Justice
4.2.2.4. Autonomy
4.2.2.5. Dignity
4.2.2.6. Truthfulness and honesty
4.2. Ethical Codes
4.2.1.The Hippocratic Oath
4.2.2.World Medical Association Code of Ethics
4.2.3.Commonwealth Medical Association Code of Ethics
4.2.4.Declaration of Geneva of the World Medical Association
4.2.5.Medical Council of Zambia Code of Conduct*
4.3. Fundamental Health Care Ethics
4.3.1.The doctor-patient relationship
4.3.2.Respect for autonomy
4.3.3.The patient’s right to information
4.3.4.Informed Consent
4.3.5.Confidentiality
4.3.6.Conflict of interest
4.4. Genetics and Reproductive Technologies
4.4.1.Naturalness or artificiality of the new technologies.
4.4.2.Moral status of the early human embryo.
4.4.3.Role of the family... genetic lineage.
4.4.4.Artificial Insemination
4.4.5.In Vitro Fertilization
4.4.6.Maternal fetal conflict
4.4.7.Surrogate Parenthood
4.4.8.Genetic Screening and Testing
4.4.9.Gene mapping and sequencing of the human genome.
4.4.10. Genetic Engineering
4.5. Bioethics: End-of-Life Issues
4.5.1.Euthanasia
4.5.2.Physician-Assisted Death
4.5.3.Withholding/Withdrawing of Life-sustaining Treatments
4.6. Common Ethical Issues
4.6.1.Abortion
4.6.2.Sterilization
4.6.3.AIDS
4.6.4.Child abuse
4.6.5.Minors
4.6.6.Blood transfusion
4.6.7.Tissue and Organ transplants
4.6.8.Supply of organs
4.6.9.Allocation of resources
4.6.10. Emergency treatment
4.6.11. Infamous conduct
4.6.12. Fitness to practice
4.6.13. Relationships with colleagues
4.6.14. Selection of patients
4.6.15. Medical negligence
4.6.16. Moral issues that arise in the treatment of mental patients
4.7. Research Ethics
4.7.1.The Role of Research Ethics Committees/Institutional Review Boards (IRBs)
4.7.2.Declaration of Helsinki
4.7.3.Experimentation on humans
4.7.4.Informed consent
4.7.5.Conflict of interest
4.7.6.Benefit of the subjects
4.7.7.Risks disclosure
4.7.8.Academic fraud & plagiarism

5.2. Lectures – 1 hr/week
5.3. Student directed Seminars – 3 hr/week
5.4. Group discussions /debates
6. Prescribed Reading
6.2. McConnell T. (1997). Moral Issues in Health Care: An Introduction to Medical Ethics,
Wadsworth Publishing Co., New York/London.
6.3. Campbell, A., et al (ed.) (1997). Medical Ethics, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Kenneth
Kearon (1995). Medical Ethics: An Introduction, Columbia Press, Dublin.
6.4. World Medical Association Code of Ethics
6.5. Commonwealth Medical Association Code of Ethics
6.6. Declaration of Geneva of the World Medical Association
6.7. Helsinki DeclaratioClinical Skills and Medical Ethics
B. Clinical Skills
Medical education has been increasingly called upon to ensure that medical students should
graduate as competent practitioners possessing the skills and understanding necessary to be
able to carry out thorough medical history, clinical examination and clinical procedures with
minimal risk to the patient. Learning by using the skills lab and simulators provides a stress free
environment for the medical student to practice clinical methods and procedures. Repeated
practice help the students to improve their skills and perfect their technique in a safe
environment which poses no risk to patients, and also help students to obtain feedback and
metrics on their performance.
Objectives
At the end of the course the student should be able to:
1. Take a comprehensive medical history.
2. Perform a general clinical examination and specific clinical examinations.
3. Perform common clinical procedures.
4. Communicate effectively verbally and in writing.
5. Demonstrate appropriate professional attitude and conduct.
Course Content
1. History Taking & Communication Skills
1.1. The patient interview
1.1.1.Comprehensive or focused
1.2. Systems review
1.2.1.Uncover problems that the patient has overlooked, particularly in areas unrelated to
the presenting complaint
1.3. Verbal and non-verbal communication
1.3.1.Oral: Appropriate to patients, public, health care workers and academic audiences
1.3.2.Written: Report production, record keeping, referral letters, medical reports and
academic writing
2. Physical Examination Skills
2.1. General Examination
2.1.1.The general survey
2.1.2.Vital signs
2.1.3.Acute and chronic pain
2.2. The Thorax and Lungs
2.2.1.Initial survey of respiration and the thorax
2.2.2.Examination of the posterior chest
2.2.3.Examination of the anterior chest
2.3. The Breast and Axillae
2.3.1.The female breast
2.3.2.The male breast
2.3.3.The axillae
3. Cardiovascular System
3.1. Jugular venous pressure and pulsations
3.2. The carotid pulse
3.3. The heart
3.4. The peripheral vascular system ( arteries, veins, lymphatic system, capillary bed)
4. The Head and Neck
4.1. The head
4.2. The eyes
4.3. The ear
4.4. The nose and Para nasal sinuses
4.5. Mouth and pharynx
4.6. The neck
5. The Nervous System
5.1. Cranial nerves
5.2. The motor system
5.3. The sensory system
5.4. Deep tendon reflexes
5.5. Spinal reflexes
5.6. Cutaneous stimulation reflexes
6. Behavior and Mental status
6.1. Mental status examination
6.2. Appearance and behavior
6.3. Speech and language
6.4. Mood
6.5. Thought and perceptions
6.6. Cognitive functions
7. Abdomen
7.1. Initial survey of the abdomen
7.2. The liver
7.3. The spleen
7.4. The kidneys
7.5. The urinary bladder
7.6. The aorta
7.7. Obstetric survey
7.8. The perineum
7.9. Hernias
8. The Musculoskeletal System
8.1. Temporomandibular joint
8.2. The shoulder
8.3. The elbow
8.4. The wrist and hands
8.5. The spine
8.6. The hip
8.7. The knee
8.8. The ankle and foot
9. Procedure Skills
9.1. Approach to poly trauma patients (air way, cervical immobilization, log roll, splint
application)
9.2. Fundoscopy
9.3. Endotracheal , nasogastric and or orogastric intubation
9.4. Emergency tracheostomy
9.5. Paracentesis/ thoracocentesis & intercostal drainage/ pericardiocentesis
9.6. Venepuncture and cannulation (peripheral and central)
9.7. Arterial blood access
9.8. Pulse oximetry
9.9. Lumbar puncture
9.10. Urinary tract catheterization
9.11. Suture media, applications and various techniques
9.12. Colpocentesis
9.13. Venous cut down
10. Laboratory Skills

10.1 Bedside urinalysis and urine microscopy
10.2 Examination of stool
10.3 Blood tests (bedside clotting time, bleeding time, fasting and random blood sugar,
rapid malaria test)
10.4 Basic chromatography
11. Teaching Methods

11.1. Demonstration (Models & Mannequins)
11.2. Simulations
11.3. Peer examinations
11.4. Simulated patients
11.5. Ward visitations
12. Contact Hours

2 hours per week

13.1. Objective Structured Clinical Examinations
13.2. Practical demonstrations
14. Prescribed book :

14.1. Lynn S. Bickley, Peter G. Szilagyi. Bates Guide to Physical Examination and
History Taking. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
14.2. McConnell T. Moral Issues in Health Care: An Introduction to Medical Ethics,
Wadsworth Publishing Co., New York/London.
14.3. Campbell, A., et al. Medical Ethics, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Kenneth
Kearon. Medical Ethics: An Introduction, Columbia Press, Dublin.
14.4. World Medical Association Code of Ethics
14.5. Commonwealth Medical Association Code of Ethics
14.6. Declaration of Geneva of the World Medical Association
14.7. Helsinki Declaration Clinical Skills and Medical Ethics
15. Recommended books:
15.1. Michael Glynn, William M. Drake, Robert Hutchinson . Hutchinson’s Clinical
Methods, An Integrated Approach to Clinical Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences
15.2. Graham Douglas, Fiona E. Nicol, Colin E. Robertson, John Macleod Macleod’s
Clinical Examination: Churchill Livingstone/ Elsevier
15.3. James Thomas, Tanya Monaghan.. Oxford Handbook of Clinical Examination and
Practical Skills. Oxford University Press
15.4. The Skills Lab (Manual)
15.5. The Skills Lab (Study Guide)
Electronic resources:
1. http://emedicine.medscape.com/
2. http://imaios.com./en/e-Anatomy/
3. http://stanfordmedicine25.stanford.edu/
4. http://www.medicalvideofree.blogspot.com/
http://www.medics4medics.com/
Year 4: Course Details
Year 4
Subject Course code Course Coordination
Internal Medicine MIM 410 Dr. Chiyenu Oliver
General Surgery MGS 410 Dr. Chavuma Roy
Obstetrics and Gynecology MOG 410 Dr. Hansingo Isaiah
Pediatrics and Child Health MPC 410 Dr. Fubisha
Course Title: Internal Medicine. Course Code: MIM 410
1. Rationale:
In view of the fact that there are many clinical conditions presenting in many different ways and
that there are emerging previously unknown conditions like HIV, medical training is very
demanding; hence the need to expose students to junior clerkships where they can learn the basic
clinical skills first before they can consolidate their knowledge at senior level
2. Aims
2.1. To understand the principles of internal medicine
2.2. To introduce the clinical skills needed in obtaining history and eliciting physical signs.
2.3. To perform bedside practical procedures and investigations in internal medicine
3. Objectives
At the end of the course the student should be able to demonstrate appropriate knowledge, skills
and attitudes as follows:
3.1. Knowledge
3.1.1.Explain the pathophysiology, clinical features and investigations of common medical
conditions an emergencies
3.2. Skills
3.2.1.Obtain a comprehensive medical history.
3.2.2.Carryout a thorough physical examination
3.2.3.Interpret clinical investigations in order to make a diagnosis and assist the clinical
management of patients
3.3. Attitudes
3.3.1.Understand the importance of the patient’s privacy, religious, cultural or other beliefs
and confidentiality of the information obtained from patients.
3.3.2.Show awareness of his/her professional limitations.
3.3.3.Demonstrate respect for other health care professionals
4. Course Content
4.1. Introduction to bedside medicine
4.1.1.History taking and physical examination
4.1.2.Investigations (Radiological and laboratory) and invasive procedures
4.1.3.Principles of in-patient and out-patient care
4.2. Infectious Diseases
4.2.1.Principles of host-parasite relations
4.2.2.Pathophysiology of symptoms and signs of infection
4.2.3.Clinical features of common infectious conditions in Zambia
4.2.4.Approaches to the investigation of infectious diseases
4.2.5.HIV and AIDS Medicine
4.2.5.1. Etiology
4.2.5.2. Clinical manifestations of HIV and opportunistic infections
4.3. Respiratory Medicine
4.3.1.Principles of respiratory diseases
4.3.2.Pathophysiology of signs and symptoms of respiratory diseases
4.3.3.Clinical features of common respiratory diseases
4.3.4.Investigation of respiratory diseases
4.4. Cardiovascular Medicine
4.4.1.Principles of cardiac function in health and disease
4.4.2.Pathophysiology of signs and symptoms of cardiovascular diseases
4.4.3.Clinical features of common cardiovascular diseases
4.4.4.Investigation of cardiovascular diseases
4.5. Renal Medicine
4.5.1.Principles of kidney function in health and disease
4.5.2.Pathophysiology of signs and symptoms of kidney diseases
4.5.3.Clinical features of common kidney and urinary tract diseases
4.5.4.Approaches to the investigation of kidney ad urinary tract diseases
4.6. Digestive Medicine
4.6.1.Principles of digestive system function in health and disease
4.6.2.Pathophysiology of signs and symptoms of digestive system
4.6.3.Clinical features of common digestive system diseases
4.6.4.Approaches to the investigation of digestive system diseases
4.7. Endocrine Medicine
4.7.1.Principles of endocrine function in health and disease
4.7.2.Pathophysiology of signs and symptoms of disorders
4.7.3.Clinical features of common endocrine diseases
4.7.4.Approaches to the investigation of endocrine diseases
4.8. Neurological Medicine
4.8.1.Principles of neurological function in health and disease
4.8.2.Pathophysiology of signs and symptoms of neurological diseases
4.8.3.Clinical features of common neurological diseases
4.8.4.Approaches to the investigation of neurological diseases
4.9. Hematology & Medical Oncology
4.9.1.Principles of blood, bone marrow and reticulo-endothelial function in health and
disease
4.9.2.Pathophysiology of signs and symptoms of hematological disorders and cancer
diseases
4.9.3.Clinical features of common hematological disorders
4.9.4.Approaches to the investigation of hematological disorders and neoplastic disorders
4.10. Rheumatology
4.10.1. Principles of bone and joint function in health and disease
4.10.2. Pathophysiology of signs and symptoms of bone and joint diseases
4.10.3. Clinical features rheumatologic diseases.
4.10.4. Approaches to the investigation of bone and joint diseases
4.11. Emergency Medicine
4.11.1. Clinical presentation and evaluation of common medical emergencies
4.11.2. Principles of emergency medicine
4.11.3. Approaches to the investigation of medical emergencies
5. Teaching Methods and Teaching Hours:

5.2. Bedside tutorials - 5 hours per week
5.3. Ward rounds/clinics/admissions - 12 hours per week
5.4. Seminars - 1 hour per week
5.5. Study guides and other student centered learning methods
5.6. Problem-based case studies - 5 hours per week
6. Assessment
6.1. Continuous assessment (student professional profiles – [professionalism, team work skills,
dress code, attendance], log books, case write-ups, clinical exams) - 40%.
6.2. Final Examination (written papers & clinical exams/OSCE) –60%
6.2.1. 25% written
6.2.2.35 % Clinical and OSCE
7. Prescribed Books
7.1. Swash, M. and Glynn M. (Eds). Hutchinson’s Clinical Methods: An integrated approach
to clinical practice. Edinburgh, London. Saunders Elsevier.
7.2. Macleod J. Davidson's Principles and Practice of Medicine: a text book for students
and doctors. Churchill Livingstone. Edinburgh
7.3. Bickley, L Bates’ Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking. Lippincott Williams
& Wilkins.
8. Reference Books
8.1. Kumar P, Clark M. Clinical Medicine. Bailliere Tindall; London
8.2. Cook G. Mansons Tropical Medicine WB Saunders Company Ltd; London,
8.3. Macleod J. Clinical Examination Churchill Livingstone. Edinburgh,
Course Title: General Surgery. Course Code: MGS 410
1. Rationale
The burden of surgical disease is massive, of which much is un-diagnosed and untreated. All doctors
need to be able to diagnose and understand which options are possible and many of the treatments
are basic and well established in most health facilities. The graduating doctor should have an
awareness of surgical services beyond the borders of this country. Exposure to surgery is essential
for all medical students because surgical conditions are responsible for a significant proportion of
elective and emergency referrals.
2. Aim.
The aim of the course is to introduce students to general principles of general surgery
3. Objective
The objective is to establish a foundation for practice which involves the principal aspects of health
improvement, prevention, and acute and chronic care in the domain of surgical disorders.
3.1. Knowledge
At the end of the course the student should be able to have:
3.1.1.Acquisition of the knowledge and the ability to apply it in approach to the common
complaints and symptoms in surgical diseases
3.1.2.Knowledge and understanding of common surgical problems
3.1.3.Understanding of the indications for, and the limitations of, essential diagnostic
studies used to evaluate patients with surgical problems
3.1.4.Understanding of surgical treatments, and alternatives to surgical treatment
3.1.5.Familiarity with various surgical procedures and know their expected outcomes and
complications
3.1.6.Cost/risk/benefit appreciation as it applies to patient care
3.2. Skill
At the end of the course the student should be able to demonstrate:
3.2.1.Ability to take clinical history and do accurate clinical examination in the surgical
patients
3.2.2.Ability to do basic surgical techniques
3.2.3.Ability to interpret results of common laboratory tests and imaging techniques in
surgery
3.2.4.Ability to do basic surgical techniques
3.2.5.Ability to apply specific protocol in the operating room (scrubbing, gowning, gloving,
prepping and draping)
3.2.6.Ability to apply specific motor skills utilized in surgery
3.2.7.Ability to interprets common laboratory tests (CBC, electrolytes, blood gases,
urinalysis, coagulations)
3.2.8.Ability to Interpret common radiologic tests (CXR, KUB, UGI, BE, bone, nuclear tests,
US, CT)
3.3. Attitude
At the end of the course the student should be able to demonstrate:
3.3.1.Responsibility for the patients
3.3.2.Ability to communicate and be in patient’s confidence
3.3.3.Show commitment to lifelong learning
3.3.4.Acquire a caring and sympathetic attitude appropriate for dealing with patients with
surgical illnesses
3.3.5.Acquire an appreciation for the collegial interaction necessary to work on the surgical
service, in the OR, etc.
3.3.6.Show awareness of his/her professional limitations
3.3.7.Demonstrate an openness to receive constructive criticism
3.3.8.Show awareness of medical ethics with regard to surgery
3.3.9.Respect patient privacy information
4. Course content
4.1. Preoperative assessment
4.1.1.History
4.1.2.Examination
4.1.3.Investigations
4.1.4.Differential diagnosis
4.1.5.Plan for Management
4.1.6.Fluid replacement and resuscitation
4.1.6.1. Types of IV fluids
4.1.6.2. Choice of fluid replacement
4.1.7.Treatment of preexisting medical conditions
4.1.8.Pre anesthetic medication
4.1.9.The operating theatre,
4.1.9.1. Sterility,
4.1.9.2. Asepsis.
4.1.9.3. Infection prevention.
4.2. Digestive system
4.2.1.Esophagus
4.2.1.1. Etiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, investigations, differential
diagnosis, treatment and complications of:
4.2.1.1.1. Dysphagia
4.2.1.1.2. Reflex esophagitis
4.2.1.1.3. Tumors of the esophagus
4.2.2.Stomach and duodenum
4.2.2.1.1. Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
4.2.2.1.2. Duodenal atresia
4.2.2.1.3. Peptic ulcer disease
4.2.2.1.4. Hematemesis
4.2.2.1.5. Tumors
4.2.2.1.7. Volvulus
4.2.2.1.8. Mesenteric vascular occlusion
4.2.2.1.9. Neonatal obstruction
4.2.2.1.10. Intussusception
4.2.3.Small intestine
4.2.3.1.1. Meckel’s diverticulum
4.2.3.1.2. Chron’s disease
4.2.3.1.3. Tumors
4.2.3.1.4. Carcinoid syndrome
4.2.3.1.5. Acute appendicitis
4.2.4.The colon
4.2.4.1.1. Constipation and diarrhea
4.2.4.1.2. Diverticulosis and diverticulitis
4.2.4.1.3. Ulcerative colitis
4.2.4.1.4. Chron’s colitis
4.2.4.1.5. Tumors
4.2.4.1.6. Colostomy
4.2.4.1.6.1. Indications
4.2.4.1.6.2. Types
4.2.4.1.6.2.1. Loop
4.2.4.1.6.2.2. End
4.2.4.1.6.2.3. Double barreled
4.2.4.1.6.3. Complications
4.2.4.1.6.4. Management of a colostomy
4.2.5.Rectum and anal canal
4.2.5.1.1. Anal bleeding
4.2.5.1.2. Hemorrhoids
4.2.5.1.3. Fissure in ano
4.2.5.1.4. Ano-rectal abscess
4.2.5.1.5. Fistula in ano
4.2.5.1.6. Stricture of anal canal
4.2.5.1.7. Rectal prolapse
4.2.5.1.8. Pruritis ani
4.2.5.1.9. Tumors
4.2.6.Peritoneum
4.2.6.1.2. Subphrenic abscess
4.2.6.1.3. Pelvic abscess
4.2.6.1.4. Paralytic ileus
4.2.7.Hernia
4.2.7.1. Definition
4.2.7.2. Classification
4.2.7.3. Etiology
4.2.7.4. Varieties
4.2.7.5. Clinical features
4.2.7.6. Treatment
4.2.8.Liver
4.2.8.1.1. Hepatomegaly
4.2.8.1.2. Jaundice
4.2.8.1.3. Trauma
4.2.8.1.4. Infections
4.2.8.1.5. Neoplasms
4.2.9.Gall bladder and bile ducts
4.2.9.1.2. Cholangitis
4.2.9.1.4. Carcinoma
4.2.10. The pancreas
4.2.10.1.1. Acute pancreatitis
4.2.10.1.2. Pancreatic tumors
4.2.11. The spleen
4.2.11.1. Splenectomy
4.2.11.1.1. Indications
4.2.11.1.2. Complications
4.2.11.2. Ruptured spleen
4.2.11.2.1. Clinical features
4.2.11.2.2. Investigations
4.2.11.2.3. Treatment
4.3. Respiratory system
4.3.1.Etiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, investigations, differential diagnosis,
treatment and complications of:
4.3.1.1. Injuries to the chest wall ( penetrating/blunt)
4.3.1.2. Fracture of ribs
4.3.1.3. Flail chest
4.3.1.4. Hemothorax
4.3.1.5. Pneumothorax
4.3.1.6. Hemopneumotharax
4.3.1.7. Tension pneumothorax
4.3.1.8. Cardiac tamponade
4.3.1.9. Lung abscess
4.3.1.10. Lung tumors
4.4. Nervous System
treatment and complications of
4.4.1.1. Head injuries
4.4.1.1.1. Initial assessment
4.4.1.1.2. Conscious level
4.4.1.1.4. Management
4.4.1.1.5. Indications for early surgery
4.4.1.2. Spine
4.4.1.2.1. Spina bifida
4.4.1.2.2. Spinal injuries
4.4.1.2.3. Cervical spondylosis
4.4.1.2.4. Urological, gastrointestinal, respiratory and musculoskeletal
problems of the spinal injury patient
4.4.1.2.5. Spinal tumors
4.4.1.3.1. Classification
4.4.1.3.2. Clinical presentations of injuries of:
4.4.1.3.2.1. Brachial plexus
4.4.1.3.2.2. Radial nerve
4.4.1.3.2.3. Median nerve compression and injuries
4.4.1.3.2.4. Ulna nerve injuries
4.4.1.3.2.5. Sciatic nerve injuries
4.4.1.3.2.6. Cervical sympathetic nerve injuries
4.5. Integumentary
4.5.1.Surgical anatomy and functions of the skin
4.5.2.Symptoms and signs of infections and other surgical disorders of the skin
4.5.3.Investigation of surgical conditions of the skin
4.5.4.The burnt patient
4.5.4.1. Percent surface area estimation
4.5.4.2. Fluid replacement
4.5.4.3. Immediate management.
4.5.4.4. Complications in the burns patient
4.5.4.5. Grafting
4.5.5.Ulcers and lumps in skin and sub-dermal structures
4.5.6.Pigmented lesions of the skin; differential diagnosis and biopsy.
4.5.7.Ulcers of varying etiology
4.5.8.Neoplasms
4.6. The Breast

4.6.1.Symptoms of breast disease
4.6.2.Inflammatory conditions of the breast
4.6.3.Non neoplastic breast lumps
4.6.4.Tumors
4.6.4.1. Benign
4.6.4.2. Malignant
4.6.4.2.1. Investigation of breast tumors
4.6.4.2.2. Treatment of breast tumors
4.6.4.2.3. Screening for breast cancer
4.7. Kidneys and ureter
4.7.1.1. Congenital anomalies
4.7.1.2. Renal cyst
4.7.1.3. Polycystic disease
4.7.1.4. Hematuria
4.7.1.5. Injury to kidneys
4.7.1.6. Hydronephrosis
4.7.1.7. Urinary tract calculi
4.7.1.8. Urinary tract infection
4.7.1.9. Pyonephrosis
4.7.1.10. Perinephric abscess
4.7.1.11. Tumors
4.8. Urinary bladder
4.8.1.1. Rupture
4.8.1.2. Diverticular
4.8.1.3. Bladder stones
4.8.1.4. Infections
4.8.1.5. Tumors
4.9. Prostate, penis and urethra
4.9.1.1. Benign prostatic enlargement
4.9.1.2. Carcinoma
4.9.1.3. Prostatitis
4.9.1.4. Bladder neck obstruction
4.9.1.5. Urinary retention
4.9.1.6. Congenital anomalies of urethra
4.9.1.7. Injury to urethra
4.9.1.8. Urethral stricture
4.9.1.9. Phimosis
4.9.1.10. Paraphimosis
4.9.1.11. Balanitis
4.9.1.11.1. Indications for circumcision
4.9.2.Basic urological procedures
4.9.2.1. Urethral catheterization
4.9.2.2. Suprapubic puncture
4.9.2.3. Catheter types
4.9.2.4. Cystoscopy
4.9.3.Testis and scrotum

diagnosis treatment and complications of
4.9.3.1.1. Abnormalities of descent
4.9.3.1.2. Scrotal swelling
4.9.3.1.3. Hydrocele
4.9.3.1.4. Orchitis
4.9.3.1.5. Torsion of testis
4.9.3.1.6. Tumours
4.10. Hemopoietic and Lymphoreticular System
4.10.1. Hemopoiesis.
4.10.2. Hemolytic disease in surgery.
4.10.3. Bleeding disorders and hemostasis.
4.10.4. Disorders of immunity.
4.10.5. Lymphedema.
4.10.6. Spleen
4.10.7. Signs and symptoms of splenic disorders;
4.10.8. Approaches to investigating disorders of the spleen.
4.11. Head and Neck
4.12. Surgical anatomy of the head and neck.
4.13. History taking and examination of the patient with head and neck pathology.
4.14. Signs and symptoms of head and neck disorders.
4.12. Orthopedics
4.12.1. Musculoskeletal structures and function
4.12.2. Examination of the musculoskeletal system
4.12.3. Fractures and healing
4.12.3.1. Principles of fracture management
4.12.3.2. Complications of fractures
4.12.4. Inflammatory conditions of the bones
4.12.5. Degenerative conditions
4.12.6. Neoplastic conditions
4.12.7. Metabolic diseases
4.12.8. Introduction to radiological and imaging techniques.
4.12.9. Common hand conditions and emergencies
4.13. Pediatric Surgery
4.13.1. Surgical anatomy of the pediatric patient.
4.13.2. History taking and examination of the pediatric pathology.
4.13.3. Signs and symptoms of pediatric disorders.
4.13.4. Investigation of pediatric disorders.
4.14. The endocrine system

4.14.1. Basic surgical anatomy
4.14.2. Physiology and pathology of the endocrine system
4.14.3. Laboratory and radiological investigations of the endocrine system
4.14.4. Pituitary gland: tumors and clinical presentation
4.14.5. Hyperparathyroidism
4.14.6. The thyroid gland:
4.14.6.1. Signs and symptoms of thyroid disease
4.14.6.1.1. Goiter
4.14.6.1.2. Hypothyroidism
4.14.6.1.3. Thyrotoxicosis
4.14.6.1.4. Tumors
4.14.6.1.5. Complications of thyroidectomy
4.14.7. The adrenal gland:
4.14.7.1. Tumors and clinical manifestations
4.14.7.2. Secondary hypertension in surgical practice
4.15.1. Surgical anatomy of the cardiovascular system
4.15.2. History taking and examination of the patient with cardiovascular pathology
4.15.3. Signs and symptoms of cardiovascular disorders
4.15.3.1. Trauma
4.15.3.2. Aneurysm
4.15.3.3. Atherosclerotic arterial disease
4.15.3.4. Embolism
4.15.3.6. Deep vein thrombosis
4.15.4. Investigations of the cardiovascular system
5. Teaching Methods
5.1. Lectures 1 hour/ week
5.2. Seminar (intra- and inter-departmental) 1 hour/ week
5.3. Tutorials 4 hours/ week
5.4. Clinical activities (Ward rounds, clinics and on-call)
6. Assessment Methods
6.1.1.Log Books
6.1.2.End of term assessment
6.1.2.1. Written examination
6.1.2.2. Clinical exams
6.2.1.Written paper 25%
6.2.2.OSCE 35%
7.1. Dorland. Dorland’s Pocket Medical Dictionary. Saunders, Philadelphia.
7.2. Ellis, H., Calne, R. and Watson, C. Lecture Notes: General Surgery. WileyBlackwell
Publishers, New York, Oxford.
7.3. Lumley, J.S.P. Hamilton Bailey’s Demonstrations of Physical Signs in Clinical
Surgery. Hodder Arnold Publications, London.
7.4. McRae, R. .Clinical Orthopaedic Examination. Churchill-Livingstone,
Edinburgh.Solomon, L., Warwick, J.D. and Nayagam,
7.5. S Apley’s Concise System of Orthopedics and Fractures. Hodder Arnold Publications,
London.
7.6. Williams, N.S., Bulstrode C.J.K. and O'Connell R.P. Eds. Bailey and Love’s Short
Practice of Surgery.
8.1. Agur, A.M.R. and Dalley, A.F. Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy. Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins,
Baltimore.
8.2. Apley, G., Solomon, L., Warwick, D. and Nayagam, S. Apley’s System of Orthopedics
and Fractures. Hodder Arnold Publications, London.
8.3. Ellis, H. and Watson, C. Pocket Diagnosis in General Surgery: A Companion to
Lecture Notes. Wiley- Blackwell Publishers, New York, London.
8.4. Hamblen, D. and Simpson, H Adam’s. Outline of Fractures: Including Joint Injuries.
Churchill-Livingstone, and Edinburgh.
8.5. King, H.M. & Bewes. P Primary Surgery Volume 2 (Trauma). Oxford Medical
Publications, Oxford
8.6. King, H.M., Bewes, P., Cairns, J. and Thornton, J. Primary Surgery Volume 1 (Non-
Trauma), Oxford Medical Publications, Oxford
8.7. McLatchie, G., Borley, N. and Chikwe, J. Oxford Handbook of Clinical Surgery.
Oxford University Press, Oxford.
8.8. Rosai, J..Rosai and Ackerman’s Surgical Pathology, Mosby, London. 2
Course Title: Obstetrics and Gynecology. Course Code: MOG 410
1. Rationale:
Women’s general and reproductive health has an influence on all aspects of the practice of
medicine. Therefore, training in obstetrics and gynecology will enhance the quality of health care
provision.
2. Aim:
The course aims to help students understand and demonstrate appropriate knowledge, skills and
attitudes in relation to obstetric and gynecologic practice.
3. Objectives:
By the end of this course, the student should have acquired the following knowledge, skills and
attitudes:
3.1. Knowledge objectives
3.1.1.Describe the anatomical, physiological and pathological basis of common obstetric and
gynecologic conditions
3.1.2.Understand the theories of onset of labor
3.1.3.Recognize symptoms and signs of labor
3.1.4.Describe the mechanisms of normal labor
3.1.5.Identify clinical features of common obstetric and gynecologic conditions
3.1.6.Evaluate the clinical features and formulate diagnoses of obstetric and gynecologic
conditions
3.1.7.Identify and interpret laboratory and other investigations required to make a
diagnosis and/or monitor clinical progress of such patients
3.2. Skills objectives
3.2.1.Obtain a comprehensive obstetric and gynecologic history from the patient
3.2.2.Perform systematic obstetric and gynecologic examinations
3.2.3.Perform a vaginal speculum examination
3.2.4.Provide appropriate care for normal labor and delivery
3.2.5.Perform basic cervical cancer screening procedures
3.2.6.Provide family planning counselling to female patients and their partners
3.2.7.Perform basic ultrasound scanning
3.3. Attitude objectives
3.3.1.Awareness of medico-legal issues in handling of female patients
3.3.2.Recognition of own professional limitations
3.3.3.Respect for other health professionals, both junior and senior
3.3.4.Exhibit good inter-personal relationships
4. Course Contents
4.1. Obstetrics
4.1.1.Role of community
4.1.1.1. The pregnant woman in the community
4.1.1.2. Demography and vital data
4.1.1.3. Determinants of pregnancy
4.1.1.4. Maternal health systems in rural and urban areas
4.1.2.Obstetric anatomy
4.1.3.Physiology of pregnancy
4.1.3.1. Immunological aspects of pregnancy
4.1.3.2. Diagnosis of pregnancy
4.1.3.3. Focused antenatal care
4.1.3.4. Assessment of fetal well being
4.1.3.5. Clinical teratology
4.1.4.Complications of pregnancy
4.1.4.1. Multiple pregnancy
4.1.4.2. Prolonged pregnancy
4.1.4.3. Polyhydramnios and oligohydramnios
4.1.4.4. Antepartum hemorrhage (APH)
4.1.4.5. Prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM)
4.1.4.6. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)
4.1.4.7. Intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD)
4.1.4.8. Rhesus isoimmunisation
4.1.5.Medical and surgical disorders in pregnancy e.g.
4.1.5.1. Malaria
4.1.5.2. HIV
4.1.5.3. Hypertensive disorders
4.1.5.4. Anemia
4.1.5.5. Diabetes mellitus
4.1.5.6. Cardiac disease
4.1.5.7. Renal disease
4.1.6.Induction of labor
4.1.7.Mechanisms of normal labor and delivery
4.1.8.Complications of labour and delivery
4.1.8.1. Malpresentations and malpositions
4.1.8.2. Shoulder dystocia
4.1.8.3. Obstructed labor
4.1.8.4. Fetal distress/ hypoxia
4.1.8.5. Umbilical cord presentation and prolapse
4.1.8.6. Postpartum hemorrhage
4.1.8.7. Obstetric injuries
4.1.9.Management of labor
4.1.9.1. Use of partograph
4.1.9.2. Pain management
4.1.9.3. Augmentation of labor
4.1.10. Normal and abnormal puerperium
4.1.11. Obstetric injuries and postpartum hemorrhage
4.1.12. Operative deliveries
4.1.12.1. Caesarean delivery
4.1.12.2. Instrumental deliveries
4.1.13. Medico-legal considerations
4.1.14. Appropriate clinical methods
4.2. Gynecology
4.2.1.Role of community
4.2.1.1. The gynecological patient in the community
4.2.1.2. Determinants of health and disease in women
4.2.1.3. Functional organization of a gynecological services
4.2.2.Anatomy and physiology of the female reproductive system
4.2.3.Development of the urogenital system
4.2.4.Congenital abnormalities of the genital tract
4.2.5.Sex determination
4.2.6.Menstrual cycle
4.2.7.Puberty
4.2.8.Menopause
4.2.9.Clinical aspects of ovulation and menstruation
4.2.10. Menstrual disorders
4.2.11. Bleeding in early pregnancy
4.2.11.1. Abortion
4.2.11.2. Ectopic pregnancy
4.2.11.3. Gestational trophoblastic diseases
4.2.12. Infections in gynecology
4.2.12.1. Vaginal discharge
4.2.12.2. Pelvic inflammatory disease
4.2.12.3. Sexually transmitted diseases
4.2.13. Contraception
4.2.14. Infertility and sub-fertility
4.2.15. Endometriosis
4.2.16. Gynecological tumors and malignancies
4.2.17. Adolescent reproductive health
4.2.18. Common gynecological Procedures
4.2.18.1. Manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) and medical abortion(MA)
4.2.18.2. Dilatation and curettage (D&C)
4.2.18.3. Pre and postoperative management of gynecological patients
4.2.18.4. Cervical cancer screening methods
5. Teaching Methods
6.1.1.Log Books
6.1.2.2. Clinical exams (long case in obstetrics)
6.2.2.OSCE 35%
7. Prescribed Books
7.1. E. Malcolm Symonds, Ian M. Symonds. Essential Obstetrics and Gynecology. Churchill
Livingstone, Edinburgh.
7.2. Jeremy Oats, Suzanne Abraham.Llewellyn-Jones Fundamentals of Obstetrics and
Gynecology. Elsevier Mosby, Oxford.
8.1. Neville Hacker, J.George Moore, Joseph Gambone. Essentials of Obstetrics and
Gynecology. Elsevier, India.
8.2. Robert W. Shaw, W. Patrick Soutter and Stuart L Stanton. Gynecology. Churchill
8.3. Arulkumaran, I. Symonds, A. Fowlie. Oxford Handbook of Obstetrics and Gynecology.
OUP, Oxford.
8.4. S. Arulkumaran. Emergencies in Obstetrics and Gynecology. OUP,Oxford.
8.5. Stanley G. Clayton, Ash Monga. Gynecology by Ten Teachers. Hodder Arnold, London.
8.6. Stuart Campbell, Christoph Lees. Obstetrics by Ten Teachers. Hodder Arnold, London.
8.7. Hart, D. M. Gynecology illustrated. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh.
8.8. Kevin P Hanretty. Obstetrics Illustrated. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh.
Course Title: Pediatrics & Child Health. Course Code: MPC 410
1.
2.
3. Rationale
Early development and childhood form the foundation of an individual and has implications on
adult health. Being the most vulnerable period of development there is need for special attention.
4. Aim
The aim of the course is to provide an introduction to the principles and practice of Pediatric
& Child Health.
5. Objectives
At the end of this course, the student should knowledge, skills and attitudes:
5.1. Knowledge
5.1.1.Acquire a basic knowledge of growth and development (physical, physiological and
psychosocial) and of its clinical application
5.1.2.Acquire knowledge necessary for initial clinical assessment and management of a
pediatric patient
5.1.3.Understand the concept and significance of Pediatric and Child Health.
5.1.4.Understand normal patterns of growth and development of children and deviations
from the normal for early intervention.
5.1.5.Understand appropriate nutrition, its role in growth and development and disease
prevention
5.1.6.Understand the role of immunization and other preventive interventions as
cornerstones of child health.
5.1.7.Understand the pathophysiology of body fluids and its application in fluid therapy
in the management of specific pediatric conditions.
5.1.8.Understand the impact of disease on growth and development.
5.2. Skills
5.2.1.Develop communication skills that will facilitate clinical interaction and collaboration
with children, adolescents and their families
5.2.2.Develop competence and comfort in the physical examination of infants, children and
adolescents
5.2.3.Ability to analyze and interpret laboratory and radiological investigations
5.2.4.Demonstrate essential clinical skills in the evaluation of the acutely ill child for
appropriate intervention.
5.2.5.Ability to interpret signs and symptoms occurring in different body systems in order
to make a diagnosis
5.2.6.Ability to diagnose common pediatric conditions
5.2.7.Demonstrate a systematic approach to assessment of pediatric patients through
observation, history taking and physical examination.
5.2.8.Ability to carry out common procedures in children like scalp intravenous line, lumbar
puncture etc.
5.3. Attitudes
5.3.1.Understand that children are not small adults hence their health problems differ from
those of adults.
5.3.2.Develop professional behaviors and attitudes necessary for clinical practice
6. Course Content
6.1. Introduction to the field of Pediatrics and Child Health
6.1.1.Overview of pediatrics.
6.1.2.Ethics in Pediatric Care.
6.1.3.Social Issues (religious/cultural) in Pediatric Care.
6.1.4.Child Health in the Developing World.
6.1.5.Advocacy for child health.
6.2. Examination of the Pediatric Patient
6.2.1.The Well Child.
6.2.2.Observation.
6.2.3.Physical examination of systems
6.2.4.Examination of the new born.
6.2.5.Adolescent health.
6.3. Growth and Development
6.3.1.General characteristics of normal development.
6.3.2.Growth and development during the first five years of life
6.3.3.Major functional categories of developmental assessment.
6.3.4.Evaluation of development and associated developmental abnormalities.
6.3.5.Growth charts and evaluation associated disorders (short, tall stature and failure to
thrive)
6.4. Nutrition and Nutritional disorders
6.4.1.Age specific nutritional requirements
6.4.2.Infant and young children feeding
6.4.2.1. Breast feeding
6.4.2.2. Formula feeding
6.4.3.Deficiency states and food insecurity, hunger and under nutrition.
6.4.4.Vitamin deficiencies and excesses.
6.5. Child health - Preventive interventions
6.5.1.New born screening
6.5.2.Immunization (Vaccine-based)
6.5.3.Under-5 services
6.5.4.School evaluation and placement.
6.6. Fetal, newborn and infant health
6.6.1.Fetal circulation
6.6.2.Newborn care.
6.6.2.1. Delivery room management
6.6.2.2. Transition
6.6.2.3. Newborn Resuscitation
6.6.2.4. Newborn assessment
6.6.3.Newborn Conditions/disease
6.6.3.1.Prematurity, small for gestational age, large for gestational age, sepsis, hypoxic-
ischemic encephalopathy, jaundice, common congenital malformations,
genetic and chromosomal abnormalities.
6.7. The acutely ill child
6.7.1.Pediatric emergencies and resuscitation.
6.7.2.Shock
6.7.3.Respiratory distress and failure
6.7.4.Mechanical ventilation
6.7.5.Stabilization (Renal, Nutritional, Neurologic, cardiovascular, respiratory)
6.7.6.Multiple trauma management
6.8. Fluid and electrolyte homeostasis
6.8.1.Physiologic principles
6.8.1.1. Normal sources of water and electrolyte loss
6.8.1.2. Normal body defenses against water and salt losses.
6.8.2.Dehydration
6.8.2.1. Characteristics of dehydration
6.8.2.2. Management dehydration
6.8.3.Electrolyte and acid-base disorders
6.8.4.Management of fluid/electrolyte related disorders
6.8.4.1. Acute diarrhea and oral rehydration
6.8.4.2. Diarrhea in chronically malnourished children
6.8.4.3. Pyloric stenosis
6.8.4.4. Peri-operative fluids
6.9. Poisoning (Environmental exposures)
6.9.1.General approach
6.9.2.Specific poisonings/ingestions
6.9.2.1. NSAIDS,Alcohol (Ethanol/methanol), Narcotics,Petroleum
products(Hydrocarbons), Organophosphates
6.9.2.2. Theophylline, Anticholinergic substances, Carbon monoxide
6.9.2.3. Acids and alkali, Heavy metals (Iron, lead)
6.9.2.4.Plants
6.10. Allergy and related disorders
6.10.1. Immunologic basis of atopy
6.10.2. Diagnosis of allergic diseases and principles of treatment
6.10.3. Allergic rhinitis, Childhood asthma, Atopic dermatitis (atopic eczema)
6.10.4. Urticaria and angioedema
6.10.5. Anaphylaxis serum sickness
6.10.6. Adverse reactions to drugs, insect stings, ocular allergies
6.10.7. Food allergy
6.11. Infectious diseases
6.11.1. Malaria
6.11.2. HIV and AIDS
6.11.2.1. Etiology
6.11.2.2. Clinical staging
6.11.2.3. Diagnosis of opportunistic infections
6.11.3. TB
6.11.4. Sepsis and septic shock
6.11.5. Infections in immuno-compromised persons
6.11.6. Nosocomial infections
6.12. Gastrointestinal disorders
6.12.1. Vomiting
6.12.2. Diarrhea
6.12.2.1. Acute
6.12.2.2. Persistent
6.12.2.3. Chronic
6.12.3. Abdominal pain in children
6.12.4. Malabsorption
6.12.5. Gastrointestinal bleeding
6.12.6. Constipation
6.12.6.1. Causes and management of constipation
6.12.6.2. Hirschprung’s disease
6.12.6.3. Encopresis
6.12.7. Inflammatory bowel disease
6.12.8. Liver disease
6.12.9. Gastro-esophageal reflux (GOR)
6.12.10. Cholecystitis
6.12.11. Pancreatitis
6.12.12. Pyloric stenosis
6.12.13. Parasitic infestation
6.13. Respiratory disorders
6.13.1. General signs and symptoms
6.13.1.1. Stridor
6.13.1.2. Respiratory failure
6.13.1.3. Cough
6.13.1.4. Wheezing
6.13.1.5. Cyanosis
6.13.1.6. Hemoptysis
6.13.1.7. Tachypnea
6.13.1.8. Apnea
6.13.1.9. Chest pain
6.13.2. Upper Respiratory tract infections
6.13.3. Lower airway disorders
6.13.3.1. Pneumonia
6.13.3.2. Asthma
6.13.3.3. Cystic fibrosis
6.14. Cardiovascular disorders
6.14.1. Evaluation
6.14.2. Congestive heart failure
6.14.3. Congenital heart diseases
6.14.3.1. Cyanotic
6.14.3.2. Acyanotic
6.14.4. Acquired heart disease
6.14.4.1. Rheumatic fever
6.14.4.2. Rheumatic heart disease
6.14.4.3. Infective endocarditis
6.14.5. Rate and rhythm disorders
6.15. Disorders of the blood
6.15.1. Development of the hematopoietic system
6.15.2. Anemias
6.15.3. Platelet disorders
6.15.4. Pancytopenias
6.15.5. Blood components and blood transfusion
6.15.6. Hemorrhagic and thrombotic disorders
6.15.7. The spleen and associated disorders
6.16. Childhood Neoplasms
6.16.1. Epidemiology of childhood cancers
6.16.2. Molecular and cell biology of cancers
6.16.3. Leukemia
6.16.4. Lymphoma
6.16.5. Nueroblastoma
6.16.6. Kidney neoplasms
6.16.7. Retinoblastoma
6.16.8. Soft tissues sarcomas
6.16.9. Brain tumors of childhood
6.17. Pediatric nephrology
6.17.1. Introduction
6.17.1.1. Normal Function
6.17.1.2. Proteinuria
6.17.1.3. Hematuria
6.17.1.4. Dysuria
6.17.1.5. Incontinence
6.17.2. Urinary tract Infections
6.17.3. Acute glomerulonephritis
6.17.4. Nephrotic syndrome
6.17.5. IgA nephropathy
6.17.6. Hemolytic-uremic syndrome
6.17.7. Henoch-Schoenlein purpura
6.17.8. Renal failure
6.17.9. Chronic kidney disease
6.17.10. Renal stones
6.18. Neurology
6.18.1. Signs/symptoms of neurologic dysfunction
6.18.1.1. Headache
6.18.1.2. Altered level of consciousness
6.18.1.3. Ataxis
6.18.1.4. Movement disorders
6.18.1.5. Increased intracranial pressure
6.18.1.6. Weakness
6.18.2. CNS Infection
6.18.2.1. Meningitis
6.18.2.2. Encephalitis
6.18.2.3. Brain abscess
6.18.3. Seizure disorders
6.18.3.1. Febrile seizures
6.18.3.2. Neonatal seizures
6.18.3.3. Infantile spasms
6.18.3.4. Absence epilepsies
6.18.3.5. Complex partial seizures
6.18.3.6. Status epilepticus
6.18.4. Disorders of Peripheral nerves and muscles
6.18.4.1. Guillain barre syndrome
6.18.4.2. Neuropathy
6.18.4.3. Muscle diseases

7.1. Lectures: 2 hrs/week
7.2. Small Group Discussions: 2 hours/week
7.3. Bedside Teaching: 20 hrs/week
7.4. Tutorials: 10 hrs/week
7.5. Seminars: 1 hr/week
8.1.1.Log books
8.1.2.Clinical (Long and short case)
8.1.3.OSCE
8.2.1.Theory 25%
8.2.2.Clinical and OSCE 35 %
9.1. Kliegman, Behrman, Jenson, Stanton. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Publishers,
Saunders, Elsevier
9.2. Swash M. . Huntchinson’s Clinical methods . WB Saunders Company Ltd; London.
9.3. Mclntosh N, Helms P, Smyth R, Logan S. Forfar et Arneil’s Textbook of Pediatrics.
Publishers, Churchill, Livingstone, Elsevier
9.4. Southall L, Coulter B, Ronald C, Nicholson S, Parke S. International Child Health care, A
Practical Manual For Hospitals Worldwide, Child Advocacy International Publishers
BMJ books
10.1. Milner A.D., Hull D. Hospital Pediatrics. Publishers, Churchill Livingstone.
10.2. Stanfield P. Bwibo N. Child Health A manual for medical and Health Workers
in health centres and rural hospitals. Publishers. AMREF.
10.3. Integrated Management of Childhood Illness. Publishers. WHO, UNICEF.
Course Title: Public Health and Scientific Writing. Course Code: MPU 480
1. Rationale
Public health provides the methods for protecting the health of the community through disease
prevention, health promotion and other interventions. This course provide the students with an
understanding of the broad issues that can affect the health and well-being of the public and builds
on the concepts learned in Public Health II.
2. Aim:
This course is designed to provide the student with an understanding of the epidemiology of
communicable and non-communicable diseases, population dynamics and demography, issues in
family planning, health policy and planning. Additionally, the course aims to teach leadership and
general management skills.
3. Objectives
3.1 Appraise population distribution, its growth and impact on the health and economy of the
country.
3.2 Identify and formulate solutions to public health problems.
3.3 Facilitate community participation in problem identification and in decision making
3.4 Provide leadership to the health teams and communities, and demonstrate management
skills.
4. Course Content
4.1 Demography and Family Planning
4.1.1 Population structure, growth rate and its distribution
4.1.2 Demographic cycle and trends
4.1.3 Fertility trends
4.1.4 Family planning, its philosophy, scope, use
4.1.5 National demographic goals
4.1.6 Modern and traditional contraceptive methods – uses
4.2 Epidemics
4.2.1 Outbreak investigation
4.2.2 Epidemiology of HIV and AIDS
4.2.3 Cholera
4.2.4 Dysentery
4.2.5 Typhoid
4.2.6 Plague
4.3 Communicable, Non communicable diseases and other threats to public health
4.3.1 Communicable diseases
4.3.2 Non Communicable diseases
4.3.3 Alcohol and substance abuse
4.3.4 Gender, trauma and violence
4.3.5 Child abuse
4.3.6 Child labor
4.4 Health Planning and Administration
4.4.1 Management
4.4.2 Health program planning
4.4.3 Leadership
4.4.4 Control Skills
4.4.5 Sustainability
4.5 Scientific Research Writing
4.5.1 Research proposal writing
4.5.1.1 Under this part, the student gains competence in writing a research proposal
under the direction of a supervisor. The student will write a full research
protocol on a selected subject using the process learned in the research methods
course the previous year. The protocol may be based on primary or secondary
data and will be handed-in before the end of the second semester for grading as
part of the continuous assessment.
4.5.2 Report writing
4.5.3 Presentation of research findings
4.5.4 Dissemination of research findings
4.5.5 Critique of a scientific publication

5.1 Lectures – 2 hours/week
5.2 Student directed Seminars – 3 hours/week
5.3 Group discussions /debates
5.4 Guided reading
6. Methods of Assessment
6.1.1 Project Proposal - 30%
6.1.2 Assignments or tests - 10%
6.2 Written examination - 60%
7. Prescribed Reading
7.1 Beaglehole, R, Bonita R, Kjellstrom T. Basic Epidemiology, Geneva, WHO.
7.2 Gordis, L Epidemiology, Baltimore, Saunders Elsevier.
7.3 Rothmans, J K Epidemiology: An introduction, Oxford University press.
7.4 Park, K. Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, Prem Nagar, Jabalpur,
India.
7.5 Davison, Stanly (Sir) Davison’s Principles of Medicine.
8. Recommended Textbook
8.1 Singleton, Joan, Primary Care, Lippincott, Philadelphia-New York-Baltimore.
8.2 Brian, Infectious Diseases in Primary Care, Mosby, Bailliere Tindal, Elsevier
8.3 Peters and Pasvol.Tropical medicine and Parasitology
8.4 Community Health and willingness - Mosby Manson’ Tropical Medicine .
8.5 Oxford Test Books of Public Health Part 1, 2, 3 and 4. Oxford University Press.
8.6 Wattes Wellett, Nutritional Epidemiology, Oxford University Press.
Year 5
Subject Course code Course Coordinator
Emergency and Critical care Medicine MEI 510 Dr. Oliver Chiyenu
Surgical Subspecialties SSS 510 Dr. Roy Chavuma
Medical Subspecialties MSS 510 Dr. Oliver Chiyenu
Psychiatry MPS 510
Forensic Medicine and Medical Jurisprudence MFJ 510 Dr. Chikuli Mulele
Course Title: Emergency and critical care medicine. Course Code: MEC 510
1. Rationale
The field of emergency medicine involves providing medical care to acutely ill patients with either
medical or surgical conditions. It requires a broad knowledge base as well as ability to perform
procedural skills. It usually involves resuscitation of a patient to enable more thorough workup and
management.
2. Aims
2.1. To perform a rapid primary survey
2.2. To understand the tools required to perform adequate resuscitation
2.3. To identify different medical and surgical emergencies.
3. Objectives:
3.1. Do an initial assessment and management of an acutely ill patient.
3.2. Explain the mechanisms of traumatic injury
3.3. Diagnose common emergency presentations
3.4. Have a good approach to manage medical and surgical emergencies
3.5. Perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation
4. Course Content
4.1. Initial Patient Assessment and Management
4.1.1.Rapid primary survey
4.1.2.Resuscitation
4.1.3.Secondary survey
4.2. Traumatology
4.2.1.Head trauma
4.2.2.Chest trauma
4.2.3.Abdominal trauma
4.2.4.Orthopedic injuries
4.2.5.Wound management
4.2.6.Trauma in pregnancy
4.3. Approach to Common ER presentations
4.3.1.Abdominal and acute pelvic pain
4.3.2.Altered level of consciousness
4.3.3.Chest Pain
4.3.4.Epistaxis
4.3.5.Syncope
4.3.6.Seizures
4.4. Medical Emergencies
4.4.1.Anaphylaxis and allergic reactions
4.4.2.Asthma
4.4.3.Hypertensive emergencies
4.4.4.Stroke
4.4.5.Diabetic emergencies
4.4.6.Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism
4.5. Toxicology
4.5.1.Alcohol related emergencies
4.5.2.Approach to the overdose patient
4.5.3.ABCs of toxicology
4.6. Common Pediatric ER Presentations
4.6.1.Modified Glasgow Coma Scale
4.6.2.Respiratory distress
4.6.3.Febrile seizures
4.6.4.Abdominal pain
5. Teaching methods and Teaching Hours:

6. Assessment
6.1.1.Theory 10%
6.1.2.Clinical 20%
6.2.1.Theory 20%
6.2.2.Clinical 30%
6.2.3.Log book 10%
7. Prescribed Books
7.1. Kalant H, Roschlau WH. Principles of Medical Pharmacology. New York: Oxford
University Press.
7.2. Keim, Setal. Emergency Medicine on Call. McGraw Hill.
7.3. Marx (ed). Rosen’s Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice, Mosby
8. Reference Books
8.1. Roberts JR, Hedges JR. Clinical Procedures in Emergency Medicine. WB Saunders.
8.2. Tintinalli JE, Kelen GE. Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide, . McGraw-
Hill.
8.3. Andreoli TE, Carpenter CJ, Griggs RC, Benjamin IJ. Cecil’s Essentials of Medicine, .
Saunders.
Course Title: Medical Subspecialties. Course Code: MMS 510
1. Rationale.
Internal medicine has subspecialties that may appear insignificant but are very important for the
medical student to learn in order to have a comprehensive solid foundation.
2. Aims
2.1. To consolidate the clinical skills for eliciting signs and symptoms
2.2. To introduce students to skin conditions and sexually transmitted diseases
2.3. Interpret basic radiologic studies at a level appropriate for a general medical officer.
2.4. To familiarize students with specialized investigations
3. Objectives
3.1. Dermatology:
3.1.1.Have a basic approach to diagnosis and management of the common skin diseases
encountered in general medical practice.
3.1.2.Describe principles and practice of topical and systemic therapeutics
3.1.3.Diagnose major life-threatening skin diseases and skin markers of systemic diseases.
3.1.4.Prescribe treatment for sexually transmitted diseases
3.1.5.Perform special diagnostic procedures
3.1.6.Explain the relationship between dermatological diseases with other body systems
3.1.7.Name specialized investigations in different systems
3.2. Radiology
3.2.1.Develop the basic skills necessary to identify structures on plain radiographs
3.2.2.Explain principles of ultrasound, CT scans and MRI.
3.2.3.List indications for various radiological tests
3.2.4.Perform basic ultrasonography.
3.2.5.Interpret basic radiological findings on a patient
4. Course Content
4.1. Medical Radiology
4.1.1.Principles of radiological diagnosis
4.1.2.Interpretation of radiological features of common diseases
4.1.3.Imaging methods for diagnosing diseases
4.2. Dermatology & Venereology
4.2.1.Pathophysiology of signs and symptoms of skin and genital disorders
4.2.2.Clinical features of common skin and genital disorders
4.2.3.Management of common skin and genital disorders
4.3. Specialized investigations and medical services
4.3.1.Overview of specialized medicine
4.3.2.Introduction to specialized cardiac investigations.
4.3.3.Introduction to specialized neurological investigations.
4.3.4.Introduction to specialized respiratory investigations.
4.3.5. Introduction to specialized gastroenterological investigations.
4.3.6.Introduction to modes of renal replacement therapy
5. Teaching methods and Teaching Hours:
6. Assessment
6.1. Continuous assessment (student profiles, log books, clinical exams) 40%
6.2. Final examination (written papers) 60%
6.2.1. Theory 30%
6.2.2. Clinical 30%
7. Prescribed Books
7.1. Swash M. Huntchinson’s Clinical Methods . WB Saunders Company Ltd; London,
7.2. Macleod J(ed). Davidson's Principles and Practice of Medicine: A Text Book for
Students and Doctors. Churchill Livingstone. Edinburgh
8. Reference Books
8.1. Kumar P, Clark M. Clinical Medicine Bailliere Tindall; London
8.2. Cook G. Mansons Tropical Medicine WB Saunders Company Ltd; London
8.3. Macleod J. Clinical Examination Churchill Livingstone. Edinburgh
8.4. Toghill PJ. Examining Patients. An introduction to clinical medicine. Edward
Arnold. London
Course Title: Surgical Subspecialties. Course Code: MSS 510
1. Rationale
for all medical students because surgical conditions are responsible for a significant proportion of
2. Aim
The aim is to allow student to get an understanding of surgical specialties.
3. Objectives
3.1. Perform a thorough examination of the eye
3.2. Name common eye conditions and describe treatment of common conditions
3.3. Perform peri-operative, intraoperative and post-operative assessments
3.4. Name different forms of anesthesia and anesthetic drugs and their mechanism of action
3.5. Describe anesthetic machines and perform intubation
3.6. Examine the ear, nose and throat
3.7. Name common conditions of the ear, nose and throat and their management
3.8. Name common surgical maxillofacial conditions and their management
The twelve week rotation is devoted to
Ophthalmology (4 weeks)
Anesthesia and critical care (4weeks)
Ear, Nose & Throat Surgery (2 weeks)
Maxillofacial Surgery, (2 weeks)
4. Course Content
4.1. Ophthalmology
4.1.1.Structure and function of the eye
4.1.2.Refractive errors
4.1.3.Disorders of the lids, the Cornea, and the Conjunctiva
4.1.4.Scleritis
4.1.5.Uveitis
4.1.6.Cataract
4.1.7.Glaucoma
4.1.8.HIV related ocular disorders.
4.1.9.Hypertensive retinopathy
4.1.10. Retinopathy (Diabetic and hypertensive)
4.1.11. Intraocular tumors.
4.1.12. Orbital cellulitis
4.1.13. Thyroid eye disease
4.1.14. Rhabdomyosarcoma
4.1.15. Competencies.
4.1.15.1. Be able to examine the eye and the lids.
4.1.15.2. Be able to examine the extraocular muscles
4.1.15.3. Be able to examine the visual acuity
4.1.15.4. Be able to test color vision
4.1.15.5. Be able to perform visual field assessment
4.1.15.6. Be able to examine the pupils
4.1.15.7. Be able to examine the fundus
4.2. Anesthesia and critical care
4.2.1.Basics of professional conduct
4.2.2.Pulmonary physiology and anatomy
4.2.3.Preoperative assessment and choice of anesthetic technique
4.2.4.Anesthesia systems
4.2.5.Positioning and associated risks
4.2.6.Autonomic nervous system
4.2.7.Pharmacological principles
4.2.8.Inhalation anesthetics
4.2.9.Intravenous Anesthetics and opioids
4.2.10. Local anesthetics, regional anesthesia, spinal and epidural anesthesia
4.2.11. Airway management and tracheal intubation
4.2.12. Intraoperative management
4.2.13. Neuromuscular blocking agents
4.2.14. Post-operative management
4.2.15. Pediatric anesthesia, Obstetric anesthesia
4.2.16. Role of anesthetists in intensive care units
4.3. Ear, Nose & Throat Surgery
4.3.1.Otology
4.3.1.1. Anatomy / Physiology
4.3.1.2. History-otalgia, hearing, vertigo, tinnitus
4.3.1.3. Examination-Otoscopy
4.3.1.4. Diseases of the outer ear, middle ear, the inner ear
4.3.1.5. Facial nerve paralysis
4.3.1.6. Foreign bodies
4.3.2.Rhinology
4.3.2.1. Anatomy, Physiology, History Examination
4.3.2.2. Pathology-Rhinitis, rhinosinusitis, epistaxis, nasal polyps, foreign bodies
4.3.3.Laryngology
4.3.3.1. Anatomy
4.3.3.2. History- Hoarseness of the voice- Acute Laryngitis, chronic laryngitis, vocal
cord polyps, vocal code nodules, benign laryngeal papillomas, laryngeal
carcinoma
4.3.3.3. Examination, Investigations, Pathology
4.4. Maxillofacial Surgery
4.4.1.Applied maxillofacial anatomy
4.4.2.History, Examination, Investigations, Pathology
Learning
Students will be allocated to surgical specialty units, to participate in the daily activities of those
units, and to participate in all that happens during their patients’ episode of care. In addition,
students should attend outpatients, ward rounds, operating theatre, and other unit meetings.
Learning resources are provided in the form of a series of:
1. Core Lectures- 4 hour per week
2. Tutorials- 2 hours per week
3. Clinical practice 4 hour per week
Students are provided recommended reading lists, lists of recommended operations and
investigations to observe and a list of surgical skills for which they should develop competence and
understanding.
5.1 Continuous Assessment – 40%
5.1.1 Log Books
5.1.2 Clinical Examination (OSCE)
5.2 Final Examination – 60%
5.2.1 Multiple Choice Questions 40%
5.2.2 Clinical Examination (OSCE) 20%
6.1 Bull, P.D. and Clarke, R. Lecture Notes on the Diseases of the Ear, Nose and Throat.
Wiley-Blackwell, New York, London.
6.2 Dimitrilous, GLecture. Notes in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. Quintessence Publishing,
Illinois.
6.3 Gwinnutt, C.L. (2008). Lecture Notes on Clinical Anesthesia. Wiley-Blackwell, New York,
6.4 James, B., Chew, C. and Bron, A. Lecture Notes on Ophthalmology. WileyBlackwell, New
York, London..
7.1 Berstein, A.D. and Soni, N. Oh’s Intensive Care Manual. ButterworthHeinmann, Oxford,
Amsterdam.
7.2 Corbridge, R.J. and Steventon, N. Oxford Handbook of ENT and Head and Neck. (Oxford
Handbook Series), Oxford University Press, Oxford..
7.3 Dobson, M.B. (2006). Anesthesia at the District Hospital. World Health Organisation
Press.
7.4 King, M. Primary Anesthesia, Oxford Medical Publications, Oxford.
7.5 Ludman, H.S. and Bradley, P. ABC of Ear, Nose and Throat. British Medical Journal Books,
London.
7.6 Schlote, T., Rohrbach, J., Grueb, M. and Mielke, J.). Ophthalmology: A Pocket Textbook
Atlas. Thieme, New York, Stuttgart. ISBN: 58890452
Course Title: Psychiatry. Course Code: MPS 510
1. \
2.
3. Rationale:
Mental health is increasingly becoming a priority specialty in Zambia due to high prevalence of
alcoholism and substance abuse in many towns and rural areas.
4. Aim:
The aim of the course is to train students in the management of psychiatric and mental health
problems
5. Objectives:
5.1. At the end of the course the student should be able to:
5.2. Clerk and examine a psychiatric patient
5.3. Diagnose adult psychiatric disorders
5.4. Diagnose childhood psychiatric disorders
5.5. Explain the legal rights of a psychiatric patient
5.6. Outline management of different psychiatric conditions
5.7. Describe management of different psychiatric emergences
6. Contents
6.1. Psychiatric Assessment
6.1.1.History
6.1.2.Physical examination
6.1.3.Mental status examination
6.2. Adult psychiatry and mental disorders
6.2.1.Anxiety Disorders
6.2.1.1. Panic attack disorder
6.2.1.2. Generalized anxiety disorder
6.2.1.3. Phobic disorder
6.2.1.4. Obsessive compulsive disorder
6.2.1.5. Posttraumatic stress disorder
6.2.2.Psychotic Disorders
6.2.2.1. Schizophrenia
6.2.2.2. Schizophreniform disorder
6.2.2.3. Brief psychotic disorder
6.2.2.4. Delusional disorder
6.2.2.5. Schizoaffective disorder
6.2.2.6. Shared psychotic disorder
6.2.3.Mood Disorders
6.2.3.1. Depressive disorders
6.2.3.2. Bipolar disorders
6.2.3.3. Post-partum depression
6.2.4.Somatoform Disorders
6.2.4.1. Conversion disorder
6.2.4.2. Body dysmorphic disorder
6.2.4.3. Hypochondriasis
6.2.4.4. Pain disorder
6.2.4.5. Somatization disorder
6.2.5.Personality Disorders
6.2.5.1. Borderline Personality Disorders
6.2.5.2. Antisocial Personality Disorders
6.2.5.3. Avoidance Personality Disorders
6.2.5.4. Dependent Personality Disorders
6.2.5.5. Narcissistic Personality Disorders
6.2.5.6. Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorders
6.2.6.Sexual Disorders
6.2.6.1. Gender dysphoria
6.2.6.2. Paraphilia
6.2.7.Substance abuse
6.2.7.1. Alcohol
6.2.7.2. Drugs
6.2.8.Disorders associated with Pregnancy
6.2.9.Old age Disorders
6.2.10. Cognitive disorders
6.2.10.1. Delirium
6.2.10.2. Dementia
6.2.11. Dissociative disorders
6.2.11.1. Amnesia
6.2.11.2. Fugue
6.2.11.3. Identity Disorder
6.2.11.4. Depersonalization Disorder
6.2.12. Sleep disorders
6.2.12.1. Narcolepsy
6.2.12.2. Insomnia
6.2.12.3. Sleep apnea
6.2.13. Eating disorders
6.2.13.1. Anorexia nervosa
6.2.13.2. Bulimia nervosa
6.3. Childhood psychiatry
6.3.1.Interview
6.3.2.Mood disorders
6.3.3.Anxiety disorders
6.3.4.Childhood schizophrenia
6.3.5.Pervasive developmental disorder
6.3.6.Attention deficit hyperactive disorder
6.3.7.Oppositional defiant disorder
6.3.8.Conduct disorder
6.4. Bereavement and suicide
6.5. Psychotherapy
6.5.1.Defense mechanisms
6.5.2.Behavior therapy
6.5.3.Cognitive therapy
6.5.4.Psychodynamic therapy
6.6. Pharmacotherapy
6.6.1.Antidepressants
6.6.2.Antipsychotics
6.6.3.Mood stabilizers
6.6.4.Anxiolytics
6.6.5.Electroconvulsive therapy
6.7. Ethical and legal issues
6.8. Diseases of the Brain
6.8.1.Epilepsy
6.8.2.Head Injury
6.8.3.Stroke
6.9. Treatment of psychiatric emergences
6.10. Ethical and Legal Issues
6.10.1. Consent and patients’ rights
6.10.2. Right to confidentiality
6.10.3. Legal requirements for admission and/or treatment
6.10.4. Risk/ Competence assessment
6.10.5. Criminal responsibility
6.10.6. Mental health law
7. Teaching Methods
7.1. Lectures 4 Hours per week
7.2. Ward rounds 3 hours per week
7.3. Tutorials 1 hour per week
7.4. Case presentations/ small group discussions
7.5. Case presentations/ small group discussions 5 hours/ week
8.2.1.Written papers 20%
8.2.2.OSCE 20%
8.2.3.Oral exam 20%
9. Prescribed books
9.1. Saddock, B and Saddock, V. Kaplan and Saddock’s Comprehensive Textbook of
Psychiatry. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
9.2. Stahl, S. and Muntner, N. Stahl’s Essential Psychoharmacology. Neuroscientific Basis
and Practical Application.
9.3. Andreasen, Nancy C. and Black, Donald W. Introductory Textbook of Psychiatry.
9.4. David M. Ndetei. The African Textbook of Clinical Psychiatry and Mental Health
10. Recommended text books

10.1. Gelder, M., Andreasan, N., Lopez-Ibor, J, Geddes, J. New Textbook of Psychiatry.
Oxford
Course Title: Forensic Medicine and Medical Jurisprudence. Course Code: MFJ 510
1. Rationale
Many times doctors are called upon to be leaders in medical ethics and at other times to be expert
witnesses in courts of law. It is therefore important for the students to be aware of medico-legal
issues and medical ethics.
2. Aim
To equip the student with knowledge on medical legal issues and medical jurisprudence.
3. Objectives
3.1. Perform post-mortem examination and write report
3.2. Explain pathophysiology of death
3.3. Describe the cause, manner and mechanism of death
3.4. Differentiate different causes of trauma
3.5. Describe the assessment of a rape victim
3.6. Understand medical ethics
3.7. Explain the role of a medical doctor as an expert witness.
4. Course Content
4.1. Medical legal investigative system
4.2. Definition of forensic medicine
4.3. The pathophysiology of death
4.4. Cause, manner and mechanism of death
4.5. The coronal system and the medical examiner system
4.6. Medical jurisprudence
4.7. Health professions council of Zambia
4.7.1.Medical ethics
4.7.2.Consent
4.7.3.Medical negligence
4.7.4.Biomedical waste management
4.7.5.Legal procedure
4.8. Procedure in court
4.9. Medical evidence
4.10. Medical certificates
4.11. Witness type
4.12. Conduct of a doctor in court
4.13. The Inquest act
4.14. The forensic autopsy
4.15. Identification
4.16. Post-mortem changes
4.17. Types of post-mortems
4.18. Sudden /unexpected deaths due to natural causes
4.19. Asphyxia/Anoxia deaths
4.19.1. Drowning
4.19.2. Strangulation and hanging
4.19.3. Suffocation
4.20. Trauma
4.20.1. Blunt force
4.20.1.1. Road traffic accidents
4.20.1.2. Pedestrian accidents
4.20.1.3. Head and spinal injuries
4.20.1.4. Burns and scalds
4.20.1.5. Electrical burns
4.20.2. Sharp force
4.20.2.1. Fire arms and gunshot wounds
4.20.2.2. Stab wounds
4.21. Forensic aspects of Alcohol
4.22. Drugs of abuse
4.23. Sexual offences
4.23.1. Approach to a rape living victim
4.23.2. Deaths associated with sexual offences
4.24. Introduction to principles of forensic toxicology

5.2. Practicals - 4 hours per week (Autopsy practical)
6. Assessment
6.1.1.Assignment - 20%
6.1.2.Tests - 20%
6.2.1.Written Examination - 40%
7.1. C.J. Polson. The Essentials of Forensic Medicine. London
7.2. N.J. Modi. Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology
7.3. J. Glaister. The Pathology of Homicide
7.4. B. Knight. Forensic Medicine.
8.1. Lester Adelson. The Pathology of Homicide.
8.2. Keith Simpson. Medical Jurisprudence.
8.3. Taylor. Principles and Practice of Medical Jurisprudence.
Course Title: Public Health (Family Medicine and Research). Course Code: MPU 580
1. Rationale
The course in family medicine and research provides the student with knowledge on the common
medical problems at the family level, as seen from the office, community and acute care settings. It
also provides the student with the tools to independently conduct research in a disease of public
health importance.
2. Aim
To equip students with knowledge in the common medical problems at the primary health care
level. Students are also expected to demonstrate capacity to carry out independent research
through the collection of data, analysis and report writing.
3. Objectives
By the end of this course, the students should be able to
3.1 Demonstrate knowledge in the common diseases at a family practice
3.2 Distinguish between seriously ill and minor medical concerns through a process of
triaging.
3.3 Demonstrate knowledge on appropriate decision making following a triaging process
including referring and consulting.
3.4 Perform a wide range of procedural skills specific to family medicine
3.5 Provide continuity of care to a patient population through coordination, advocacy, and
interdisciplinary collaboration in all environments.
3.6 Consider cost effective medical care in decisions regarding hospitalization, test
utilization and billing
3.7 Demonstrate knowledge of a full range of community resources to support patient care
including other health professionals, community agencies and groups
3.8 Organize the health practice to incorporate appropriate health promotion and disease
prevention including lifestyle assessment, screening and education
3.9 Practice ongoing continuing education including self-assessment, accessing
information, applying critical appraisal skills in assessing new knowledge and its
application to practice
3.10 Utilize effective documentation of medical records that is clear, concise, timely and
accessible.
3.11 Demonstrate an ethical approach to the patient-doctor relationship, maintaining a
respectful, non-judgmental focus.
3.12 Collect data, analyze it and write a scientific paper.
4. Content Summary
Part 1 Family Medicine
4.1 It should be noted that many core clinical learning outcomes will be met during clinical
rotations, and through attachment to a family practice office.
4.2 Health Professions Act
4.3 Setting up a Practice (legal and financial essentials)
4.4 HIV Primary Care
4.5 International Health
4.6 Patient care of common conditions frequently seen in family medicine.
4.6.1 Management of Common Non-Communicable Diseases (diabetes,
hypertension, asthma etc)
4.6.2 Management of Common Infectious Diseases (malaria, TB, schistosomiasis
etc)
4.7 Describe or demonstrate skill in procedures commonly utilized in family medicine.
4.8 Promotion of healthy lifestyles
4.9 Illness prevention through wellness, patient education and counseling of physical and
mental health.
4.10 Women’s Health
4.11 Youth Health
4.12 Palliative Care
4.13 Informatics (record management)
4.14 Professionalism in family medicine
4.15 Leadership.
Part 2. Research Project

Under this module, the student gains competence in conducting a study under the direction of a
supervisor. The student will collect data, analyze it and write a dissertation on a selected subject
using the research methods and scientific writing courses learned in previous years. The study may
be based on primary or secondary data and will be handed in before the end of the second semester
for grading as part of the continuous assessment. The student will be required to make a
presentation of the study in front of a panel of faculty members in a viva voce examination to assess
scientific reasoning.
5 Teaching Methods and Contact Hours

5.1 Lectures - 2 hours per week
5.2 Problem based, small group tutorials - 12 hours per week
5.3 Seminars - 6 hours per week
5.4 Field Work
5.4.1 Field Visits - 8 hours per day
5.4.2 Seminars - 6 hours per week
6 Method of assessment
6.1 Continuous Assessment 40%
6.1.1 Family Medicine 10%
6.1.2 Research Project 25%
6.1.3 Orals 5%
6.2 Final examination family medicine 60%
7 Prescribed Reading
7.1 Gordis, L Epidemiology, Baltimore, Saunders Elsevier.
7.2 Rothmans, J K Epidemiology: An introduction, Oxford University press.
7.3 Uphold, C.R. and Graham, M. Clinical Guidelines in Family Practice. Barmarrae Books.
Gonzales R and Kutner, J.
7.4 Current Practice Guidelines in Primary Care McGraw-Hill Professional. South-Paul, J.,
Matheny, S., Lewis, E.
8.1. Current Diagnosis & Treatment in Family Medicine: Ambulatory Care and Prevention
McGraw-Hill Medical.
8.2. Mengel, M. and Schwiebert, L Family Medicine: Ambulatory Care and Prevention
McGraw-Hill Medical.
8.3. Rakel, R. Textbook of family medicine.
Year 6
Subject Course code Course Coordinator
Internal Medicine MIM 610 Dr. Oliver Chiyenu
General Surgery MGS 610 Dr. Roy Chavuma
Obstetrics and Gynecology MOG 610 Dr. I. Hansingo
Pediatrics and Child Health MPC 610 Dr. Fubisha
Course Title: Internal Medicine. Course Code: MIM 610
1. Rationale:
Students in their final year need to consolidate knowledge they learnt at year four in preparation
for clinical practice.
2. Aims
2.1. To consolidate the principles of medical therapeutics.
2.2. To consolidate clinical skills for eliciting physical signs and symptoms.
2.3. To re-enforce the attitudes required to practice clinical medicine.
2.4. To expand and improve clinical skills in bedside practical procedures and investigations in
internal medicine.
3. Objectives
At the end of the course the student should be able to show enhanced knowledge, skills and
attitudinal objectives i.e.
3.1. Knowledge
3.1.1.Explain the physiological, anatomical and pathological basis for symptoms, signs and
disease severity.
3.1.2.Explain the rationale for laboratory or bedside investigations for diagnosis or
monitoring clinical progress.
3.1.3.Explain the approaches to the management of common diseases and emergencies
3.2. Skills
3.2.1.Write clear clinical case notes and instructions for patient care.
3.2.2.Formulate a plan for the clinical management of patients with various disorders.
3.2.3.Provide advanced life support.
3.3. Attitudes
3.3.1.Demonstrate good interaction both with patients and their relatives.
3.3.2.Respect patients, colleagues and other members of the health care team
3.3.3.Admit personal lapses and shortcomings and seek guidance from more experienced
colleagues
3.3.4.Commit to life-long continuing education and promote teamwork
4. Course Content:
4.1. Emergency and Critical Care Medicine
4.1.1.Overview of common medical emergencies
4.1.2.Specific management of common medical emergencies and critically ill
4.2. Infectious Diseases & HIV and AIDS
4.2.1.Principles of antimicrobial therapy
4.2.2.Specific management of common infections and HIV
4.3. Respiratory Medicine
4.3.1.Principles of respiratory therapy
4.3.2. Specific management of common Respiratory diseases
4.4. Cardiovascular Medicine
4.4.1.Principles of cardiovascular therapy
4.4.2.Specific management of common cardiovascular diseases
4.5. Renal Medicine
4.5.1.Principles of kidney therapy
4.5.2.Specific management of common kidney diseases
4.6. Digestive system Medicine
4.6.1.Principles of digestive therapy
4.6.2.Specific management of common digestive diseases
4.7. Endocrine Medicine
4.7.1.Principles of endocrine therapy
4.7.2.Specific management of common endocrine diseases
4.8. Neurological Medicine
4.8.1.Principles of neurological therapy
4.8.2.Specific management of common neurological diseases
4.9. Hematology & Medical Oncology
4.9.1.Principles of anti-cancer therapy
4.9.2.Principles of management of hematological disorders
4.9.3.Specific management of common hematological and neoplastic diseases
4.10. Rheumatology
4.10.1. Principles of rheumatological therapy
4.10.2. Specific management of common rheumatological diseases
5. Teaching Methods and Contact Hours:

5.1. Lectures - 2 hours per week.
5.2. Bedside tutorials - 5 hours per week.
5.3. Ward rounds/clinics/admissions - 12 hours per week.
5.4. Seminars - 1 hour per week.
5.5. Study guides and other student centered learning methods.
5.6. Study tours.
6. Assessment
6.1. Continuous assessment (student profiles, log books, clinical exams) 40%
6.2. Final Examination (written papers, clinicals) 60%
7. Prescribed Books:
7.1. Swash, M. and Glynn M. Hutchinson’s Clinical Methods: An integrated
7.2. approach to clinical practice. Edinburgh, London. Saunders Elsevier.
7.3. Kumar P, Clark M. Clinical Medicine. Bailliere Tindall; London
7.4. Macleod J(Ed). Davidson's Principles and Practice of Medicine: a text book for
students and doctors. Churchill Livingstone.
8. Reference Books
8.1. Cook G. Mansons Tropical Medicine. WB Saunders Company Ltd; London,
8.2. Hoffbrand AV, Pettit JE. Essential Hematology. Blackwell Science, London.
8.3. Porter JD, McAdam KPWJ. Tuberculosis: Back to the Future. John Willey & Son.
8.4. Chinchester.
8.5. Bickley, L . Bates’ Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking.
Course Title: General Surgery. Course Code: MGS 610
1. Rationale
for all medical students because Surgical conditions are responsible for a significant proportion of
2. Aim:
The aim of the course is to consolidate and expand the knowledge of general surgery with respect
to assessment, diagnosis and treatment.
3. Objective
The objective is to establish a foundation for practice of surgery which involves the principles of
surgery and management of common surgical conditions covered in Surgery I and II. The student is
expected to understand principles and practice of surgery in general.
At the end of the course the student should demonstrate:
3.1.1.Acquisition of the more knowledge and the ability to apply it in approach to the
common complaints and symptoms in surgical diseases
3.1.2.Enhanced knowledge and understanding of common surgical problems
3.1.3.Give a detailed explanation about the indications and the limitations of essential
diagnostic tools used to evaluate patients with surgical problems
3.1.4.Advanced understanding of surgical treatments, and alternatives to surgical treatment
3.1.5.More familiarity with various surgical procedures and know their expected outcomes
and complications
3.1.6.Cost/risk/benefit appreciation as it applies to patient care
3.1.7.More familiarity with action, dosage and use of common pharmacologic agents used in
surgery (analgesics, antibiotics, anticoagulants, sedatives)
3.1.8.
At the end of the course the student must show:
3.2.1.Competence in clinical history and do accurate clinical examination in the surgical
patients
3.2.2.Competence in carrying out basic surgical techniques
3.2.3.Ability to interpret results of common laboratory tests and imaging techniques in
surgery accuratey
3.2.4.Apply to observe and adhere to theatre protocol and discipline
3.2.5.Demonstrate specific motor skills utilized in surgery
3.2.6.)
3.2.7.Ability to resuscitate a critically ill surgical patient
3.2.8.Ability to manage common surgical conditions
3.3. Attitudinal Objectives
At the end of the course the student must:
3.3.1.Show commitment to lifelong learning Acquire a caring and sympathetic attitude
appropriate for dealing with patients with surgical illnesses
3.3.2.Acquire an appreciation for the collegial interaction necessary to work on the surgical
service, in the OR, etc.
3.3.3.Realize the scope of responsibility you assume as the surgeon and to that of the family
and referring physicians
3.3.4.Show awareness of his/her professional limitations;
3.3.5.Demonstrate an openness to recognize limitations by using resources referrals and
consultation with supervising preceptors or others when appropriate
3.3.6.Demonstrate an openness to receive constructive criticism
3.3.7.Perform duties within a professional comportment encompassing such areas as
attendance, dress code, and general demeanor
3.3.8.Show awareness of medical ethics with regard to surgery
3.3.9.Respect patient privacy information
4. Course content. The course content is basically the same as for year 4 but in year 6 emphasis
will be more on management
4.1. Preoperative assessment
4.1.1.History
4.1.2.Examination
4.1.3.Investigations
4.1.4.Differential diagnosis
4.1.5.Plan for Management
4.1.6.Fluid replacement and resuscitation
4.1.6.1. Types of IV fluids
4.1.6.2. Choice of fluid replacement
4.1.7.Treatment of preexisting medical conditions
4.1.8.Pre anesthetic medication
4.1.9.The operating theatre,
4.1.9.1. Sterility,
4.1.9.2. Asepsis.
4.1.9.3. Infection prevention.
4.2. Gastrointestinal tract
4.2.1.Esophagus
4.2.1.1.1. Dysphagia
4.2.1.1.2. Reflex esophagitis
4.2.1.1.3. Tumors of the esophagus
4.2.2.Stomach and duodenum
4.2.2.1.1. Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
4.2.2.1.2. Duodenal atresia
4.2.2.1.3. Peptic ulcer disease
4.2.2.1.4. Hematemesis
4.2.2.1.5. Tumors
4.2.2.1.7. Volvulus
4.2.2.1.8. Mesenteric vascular occlusion
4.2.2.1.9. Neonatal obstruction
4.2.2.1.10. Intussusception
4.2.3.Small intestine
4.2.3.1.1. Meckel’s diverticulum
4.2.3.1.2. Chron’s disease
4.2.3.1.3. Tumors
4.2.3.1.4. Carcinoid syndrome
4.2.3.1.5. Acute appendicitis
4.2.4.The colon
4.2.4.1.1. Constipation and diarrhea
4.2.4.1.2. Diverticulosis and diverticulitis
4.2.4.1.3. Ulcerative colitis
4.2.4.1.4. Chron’s colitis
4.2.4.1.5. Tumors
4.2.4.1.6. Colostomy
4.2.4.1.6.1. Indications
4.2.4.1.6.2. Types
4.2.4.1.6.2.1. Loop
4.2.4.1.6.2.2. End
4.2.4.1.6.2.3. Double barreled
4.2.4.1.6.3. Complications
4.2.4.1.6.4. Management of a colostomy
4.2.5.Rectum and anal canal
4.2.5.1.1. Anal bleeding
4.2.5.1.2. Hemorrhoids
4.2.5.1.3. Fissure in ano
4.2.5.1.4. Ano-rectal abcesses
4.2.5.1.5. Fistula in ano
4.2.5.1.6. Stricture of anal canal
4.2.5.1.7. Rectal prolapse
4.2.5.1.8. Pruritis ani
4.2.5.1.9. Tumors
4.2.6.Peritoneum
4.2.6.1.2. Subphrenic abscess
4.2.6.1.3. Pelvic abscess
4.2.6.1.4. Paralytic ileus
4.2.7.Hernia
4.2.7.1. Definition
4.2.7.2. Classification
4.2.7.3. Etiology
4.2.7.4. Varieties
4.2.7.5. Clinical features
4.2.7.6. Treatment
4.2.8.Liver
4.2.8.1.1. Hepatomegaly
4.2.8.1.2. Jaundice
4.2.8.1.3. Trauma
4.2.8.1.4. Infections
4.2.8.1.5. Neoplasms
4.2.9.Gall bladder and bile ducts
4.2.9.1.2. Cholangitis
4.2.9.1.4. Carcinoma
4.2.10. The pancreas
4.2.10.1.1. Acute pancreatitis
4.2.10.1.2. Chronic pancreatitis
4.2.10.1.3. Pancreatic tumors
4.2.11. The spleen
4.2.11.1. Splenectomy
4.2.11.1.1. Indications
4.2.11.2. Ruptured spleen
4.2.11.2.1. Clinical features
4.2.11.2.3. Treatment
4.3. Respiratory system
4.3.1.Etiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, investigations, differential diagnosis
,treatment and complications of:
4.3.1.1. Injuries to the chest wall ( penetrating/blunt)
4.3.1.2. Fracture of ribs
4.3.1.3. Flail chest
4.3.1.4. Hemothorax
4.3.1.5. Pneumothorax
4.3.1.6. Hemopneumotharax
4.3.1.7. Tension pneumothorax
4.3.1.8. Cardiac tamponade
4.3.1.9. Lung abcess
4.3.1.10. Lung tumors
4.4. Nervous System
4.4.1.1. Head injuries
4.4.1.1.1. Initial assessment
4.4.1.1.2. Conscious level
4.4.1.1.4. Management
4.4.1.1.5. Indications for early surgery
4.4.1.2. Spine
4.4.1.2.1. Spina bifida
4.4.1.2.2. Spinal injuries
4.4.1.2.3. Cervical spondylosis
4.4.1.2.4. Urological, gastrointestinal, respiratory and musculoskeletal
problems of the spinal injury patient
4.4.1.2.5. Spinal tumors
4.4.1.3.1. Classification
4.4.1.3.2. Clinical presentations of injuries of:
4.4.1.3.2.1. Brachial plexus
4.4.1.3.2.2. Radial nerve
4.4.1.3.2.3. Median nerve compression and injuries
4.4.1.3.2.4. Ulna nerve injuries
4.4.1.3.2.5. Sciatic nerve injuries
4.4.1.3.2.6. Cervical sympathetic nerve injuries
4.5. Integumentary
4.5.1.Surgical anatomy and functions of the skin
4.5.2.Symptoms and signs of infections and other surgical disorders of the skin
4.5.3.Investigation of surgical conditions of the skin
4.5.4.The burnt patient
4.5.4.1. Percent surface area estimation
4.5.4.2. Fluid replacement
4.5.4.3. Immediate management.
4.5.4.4. Complications in the burns patient
4.5.4.5. Grafting
4.5.5.Ulcers and lumps in skin and sub-dermal structures
4.5.6.Pigmented lesions of the skin; differential diagnosis and biopsy.
4.5.7.Ulcers of varying etiology
4.5.8.Neoplasms
4.6. The Breast
4.6.1.Symptoms of breast disease
4.6.2.Inflammatory conditions of the breast
4.6.3.Non neoplastic breast lumps
4.6.4.Tumors
4.6.4.1. Benign
4.6.4.2. Malignant
4.6.4.2.1. Investigation of breast tumors
4.6.4.2.2. Treatment of breast tumors
4.6.4.2.3. Screening for breast cancer
4.7. Kidneys and ureter
4.7.1.1. Congenital anomalies
4.7.1.2. Renal cyst
4.7.1.3. Polycystic disease
4.7.1.4. Hematuria
4.7.1.5. Injury to kidneys
4.7.1.6. Hydronephrosis
4.7.1.7. Urinary tract calculi
4.7.1.8. Urinary tract infection
4.7.1.9. Pyonephrosis
4.7.1.10. Perinephric abscess
4.7.1.11. Tumors
4.8. Urinary bladder
4.8.1.1. Rupture
4.8.1.2. Diverticular
4.8.1.3. Bladder stones
4.8.1.4. Infections
4.8.1.5. Tumors
4.9. Prostate, penis and urethra
4.9.1.1. Benign prostatic enlargement
4.9.1.2. Carcinoma
4.9.1.3. Prostatitis
4.9.1.4. Bladder neck obstruction
4.9.1.5. Urinary retention
4.9.1.6. Congenital anomalies of urethra
4.9.1.7. Injury to urethra
4.9.1.8. Urethral stricture
4.9.1.9. Phimosis
4.9.1.10. Paraphimosis
4.9.1.11. Balanitis
4.9.1.11.1. Indications for circumcision
4.9.2.Basic urological procedures
4.9.2.1. Urethral catheterization
4.9.2.2. Suprapubic puncture
4.9.2.3. Catheter types
4.9.2.4. Cystoscopy
4.10. Testis and scrotum
4.10.1. Etiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, investigations, differential diagnosis,
4.10.1.1. Abnormalities of descent
4.10.1.2. Scrotal swelling
4.10.1.3. Hydrocele
4.10.1.4. Orchitis
4.10.1.5. Torsion of testis
4.10.1.6. Tumours
4.11. Hemopoietic and Lymphoreticular System
4.11.1. Hemopoiesis.
4.11.2. Hemolytic disease in surgery.
4.11.3. Bleeding disorders and hemostasis.
4.11.4. Disorders of immunity.
4.11.5. Lymphedema.
4.11.6. Spleen
4.11.7. Signs and symptoms of splenic disorders;
4.11.8. Approaches to investigating disorders of the spleen.
4.12. Head and Neck
4.12.1. Surgical anatomy of the head and neck.
4.12.2. History taking and examination of the patient with head and neck pathology.
4.12.3. Signs and symptoms of head and neck disorders.
4.13. Orthopedics
4.13.1. Musculoskeletal structures and function
4.13.2. Examination of the musculoskeletal system
4.13.3. Fractures and healing
4.13.3.1. Principles of fracture management
4.13.3.2. Complications of fractures
4.13.4. Inflammatory conditions of the bones
4.13.5. Degenerative conditions
4.13.6. Neoplastic conditions
4.13.7. Metabolic diseases
4.13.8. Introduction to radiological and imaging techniques.
4.13.9. Common hand conditions and emergencies
4.14. Pediatric Surgery
4.14.1. Surgical anatomy of the pediatric patient.
4.14.2. History taking and examination of the pediatric pathology.
4.14.3. Signs and symptoms of pediatric disorders.
4.14.4. Investigation of pediatric disorders.
4.15. The endocrine system
4.15.1. Basic surgical anatomy
4.15.2. Physiology and pathology of the endocrine system
4.15.3. Laboratory and radiological investigations of the endocrine system
4.15.4. Pituitary gland: tumors and clinical presentation
4.15.5. Hyperparathyroidism
4.15.6. The thyroid gland:
4.15.6.1. Signs and symptoms of thyroid disease
4.15.6.1.1. Goiter
4.15.6.1.2. Hypothyroidism
4.15.6.1.3. Thyrotoxicosis
4.15.6.1.4. Tumors
4.15.6.2. Complications of thyroidectomy
4.15.7. The adrenal gland:
4.15.7.1. Tumors and clinical manifestations
4.15.7.2. Secondary hypertension in surgical practice
4.16.1. Surgical anatomy of the cardiovascular system
4.16.2. History taking and examination of the patient with cardiovascular pathology
4.16.3. Signs and symptoms of cardiovascular disorders
4.16.3.1. Trauma
4.16.3.2. Aneurysm
4.16.3.3. Atherosclerotic arterial disease
4.16.3.4. Embolism
4.16.3.6. Deep vein thrombosis
4.16.4. Investigations of the cardiovascular system
5. Teaching Methods
6.1.1.Log Books
6.1.2.2. Clinical exams
6.2.2.OSCE 35%
7.1. Dorland . Dorland’s Pocket Medical Dictionary, Saunders, Philadelphia.
7.2. Ellis, H., Calne, R. and Watson, C Lecture Notes: General Surgery, WileyBlackwell
Publishers, New York, Oxford.
7.3. Lumley, J.S.P Hamilton Bailey’s Demonstrations of Physical Signs in Clinical
Surgery, Hodder Arnold Publications, London
7.4. McRae, R. Clinical Orthopaedic Examination, Churchill-Livingstone,
Edinburgh.Solomon, L., Warwick, J.D. and Nayagam,
7.5. S Apley’s Concise System of Orthopaedics and Fractures, Hodder Arnold Publications,
London.
7.6. Williams, N.S., Bulstrode C.J.K. and O'Connell R.P. Eds. Bailey and Love’s Short
Practice of Surgery
8.1. Agur, A.M.R. and Dalley, A.F. Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy, Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins,
Baltimore..
8.2. Apley, G., Solomon, L., Warwick, D. and Nayagam, S Apley’s System of Orthopaedics
and Fractures, Hodder Arnold Publications, London.
8.3. Ellis, H. and Watson, C Pocket Diagnosis in General Surgery: A Companion to
Lecture Notes, Wiley- Blackwell Publishers, New York, London.
8.4. Hamblen, D. and Simpson, H Adam’s Outline of Fractures: Including Joint Injuries,
Churchill-Livingstone, and Edinburgh.
8.5. King, H.M. & Bewes, P Primary Surgery Volume 2 (Trauma), Oxford Medical
Publications, Oxford
8.6. King, H.M., Bewes, P., Cairns, J. and Thornton, J. Primary Surgery Volume 1 (Non-
Trauma), Oxford Medical Publications, Oxford
8.7. McLatchie, G., Borley, N. and Chikwe, J. Oxford Handbook of Clinical Surgery,
8.8. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Rosai, J. Rosai and Ackerman’s Surgical Pathology,
Mosby, London. 2
Course Title: Obstetrics and Gynecology. Course Code: MOG 610
1. Rationale:
Women’s general and reproductive health has an influence on all aspects of the practice of
medicine. Therefore, training in obstetrics and gynecology will enhance the quality of health care
provision.
2. Aim:
The course aims to equip medical students with the appropriate knowledge, skills and attitudes to
enable them provide quality obstetric and gynecologic care.
3. Objectives
By the end of this course, the student should have acquired the following knowledge, skills and
attitudes:
3.1.1.Give an overview of the anatomical, physiological and pathological basis of common
obstetric and gynecologic conditions
3.1.2.Understand the theories of onset of labor and recognize symptoms and signs of onset
of labor
3.1.3.Identify clinical features of common obstetric and gynecologic conditions
3.1.4.Evaluate the clinical features and formulate diagnoses of obstetric and gynecologic
conditions
3.1.5.Identify and interpret laboratory and other investigations required to make a
diagnosis and/or monitor clinical progress of such patients
3.1.6.Understand management options for obstetric and gynecologic conditions
3.2.1.Obtain relevant obstetric and gynecologic history from the patient
3.2.2.Perform systematic obstetric and gynecologic examinations
3.2.3.Perform a vaginal speculum examination
3.2.4.Obtain microbiology swabs from the lower female genital tract
3.2.5.Provide appropriate care for normal and abnormal labour and delivery
3.2.6.Perform minor emergency procedures
3.2.7.Assist in major emergency surgical procedures
3.2.8.Perform basic cervical cancer screening procedures
3.2.9.Provide family planning counseling to female patients and their partners
3.2.10. Provide bereavement counseling to couples with adverse pregnancy outcomes
3.2.11. Perform basic ultrasound scanning
3.3. Attitude objectives
3.3.1.Demonstrate awareness of medico-legal issues related to the practice of obstetrics and
gynecology
3.3.2.Display the ability to recognize own professional limitations
3.3.3.Show respect for other health professionals
3.3.4.Exhibit good inter-personal relationships
4. Course Contents
4.1. Obstetrics
4.1.1.Review of the role of the community
4.1.1.1. The pregnant woman in the community
4.1.1.2. Demography and vital data
4.1.1.3. Determinants of pregnancy
4.1.1.4. Maternal health systems in rural and urban areas
4.1.2.Overview of the physiology of pregnancy
4.1.3.Review of the immunological aspects of pregnancy
4.1.4.Management of normal pregnancy
4.1.4.1. Focused antenatal care
4.1.5.Assessment of fetal well being
4.1.6.Clinical teratology
4.1.7.Management of complications of pregnancy
4.1.7.1. Multiple pregnancy
4.1.7.2. Prolonged pregnancy
4.1.7.3. Polyhydramnios and oligohydramnios
4.1.7.4. Antepartum hemorrhage (APH)
4.1.7.5. Prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM)
4.1.7.6. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)
4.1.7.7. Intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD)
4.1.7.8. Rhesus isoimmunisation
4.1.7.9. Induction of labor
4.1.8.Medical disorders in pregnancy e.g.
4.1.8.1. Malaria
4.1.8.2. HIV
4.1.8.3. Hypertensive disorders
4.1.8.4. Anemia
4.1.9.Management of normal labor and delivery
4.1.9.1. Use of partograph
4.1.9.2. Pain management
4.1.10. Management of complications of labour and delivery
4.1.10.1. Malpresentations and malpositions
4.1.10.2. Shoulder dystocia
4.1.10.3. Obstructed labour
4.1.10.4. Fetal distress/ hypoxia
4.1.10.5. Umbilical cord presentation and prolapse
4.1.10.6. Postpartum hemorrhage
4.1.10.7. Obstetric injuries
4.1.10.8. Augmentation of labour
4.1.11. Operative deliveries
4.1.11.1. Caesarean section
4.1.11.2. Instrumental deliveries
4.1.12. Management of normal puerperium
4.1.13. Management of complications of puerperium
4.1.13.1. Puerperal pyrexia and sepsis
4.1.13.2. Puerperal psychosis
4.1.14. Medico-legal considerations
4.1.15. Appropriate clinical methods
4.2. Gynecology
4.2.1.Review the role of community
4.2.1.1. The gynecological patient in the community
4.2.1.2. Determinants of health and disease in women
4.2.1.3. Functional organization of a gynecological services
4.2.2.Review of anatomy and physiology of the female reproductive system
4.2.3.Review of the development of the urogenital system
4.2.4.Congenital abnormalities of the genital tract
4.2.5.Review of the menstrual cycle
4.2.6.Puberty and menopause
4.2.7.Management of menstrual disorders
4.2.8.Management of bleeding in early pregnancy
4.2.8.1. Abortion
4.2.8.2. Ectopic pregnancy
4.2.8.3. Gestational trophoblastic diseases
4.2.9.Infections in gynecology
4.2.9.1. Vaginal discharge
4.2.9.2. Pelvic inflammatory disease
4.2.9.3. Sexually transmitted diseases
4.2.10. Contraception
4.2.11. Infertility and sub-fertility
4.2.12. Endometriosis
4.2.13. Gynecological tumors and malignancies
4.2.14. Adolescent reproductive health
4.2.15. Common gynecological Procedures
4.2.15.1. Manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) and medical abortion(MA)
4.2.15.2. Dilatation and curettage (D&C)
4.2.15.3. Cervical cancer screening methods
4.2.15.4. Pre and postoperative management of gynecological patients
4.2.15.5. Laparotomy for ectopic pregnancy
5. Teaching Methods
5.4. Clinical activities (Ward rounds, clinics and theatre)
6.1.1.Log Books
6.1.2.2. Clinical exams (long case in obstetrics)
6.2.2.OSCE 35%
7. Prescribed Books
7.1. E. Malcolm Symonds, Ian M. Symonds. Essential Obstetrics and Gynecology. Churchill
7.2. Jeremy Oats, Suzanne Abraham. Llewellyn-Jones Fundamentals of Obstetrics and
Gynecology. Elsevier Mosby, Oxford.
8.1. Neville Hacker, J.George Moore, Joseph Gambone. Essentials of Obstetrics and
Gynecology. Elsevier, India.
8.2. Robert W. Shaw, W. Patrick Soutter and Stuart L Stanton. Gynecology. Churchill
8.3. Arulkumaran, I. Symonds, A. Fowlie. Oxford Handbook of Obstetrics and Gynecology.
OUP, Oxford.
8.4. S. Arulkumaran. Emergencies in Obstetrics and Gynecology. OUP,Oxford.
8.5. Stanley G. Clayton, Ash Monga. Gynecology by Ten Teachers. Hodder Arnold, London.
8.6. Stuart Campbell, Christoph Lees. Obstetrics by Ten Teachers. Hodder Arnold, London.
8.7. Hart, D. M. Gynecology illustrated. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh.
8.8. Kevin P Hanretty. Obstetrics Illustrated. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh.
Course Title: Pediatrics & Child Health . Course Code: MPC 610
1. Rationale
MPC 610 is a consolidation build up course on Pediatrics 410. It is a senior clerkship which
consolidates earlier knowledge and experience in pediatrics emphasizing clinical skills acquisition
and professionalism.
2. Aim
The aim of MPC 610 is to provide students with essential competencies in terms of knowledge,
skills and attitudes appropriate for the practice of Pediatrics and Child Health.
3. Objectives
At the end of the course, in addition to objectives setout for year 4, the student should be able to:
3.1. Understand the most common pediatric disorders in Zambia.
3.2. Competently perform common pediatric procedures safely.
3.3. Plan and correctly interpret diagnostic investigation for the common pediatric
3.4. conditions.
3.5. Plan and implement correct management of common pediatric diseases.
4. Course Content
4.1. Management common of pediatric disorders
4.1.1.Malaria
4.1.2.Ear infections
4.1.3.Throat infections
4.1.4.Diarrheal diseases
4.1.5.Chest infections
4.1.6.Urinary tract infections
4.1.7.Skin infections
4.1.8.Headaches
4.2. Management of an acutely Ill Child
4.2.1.Neonatal emergencies
4.2.1.1. Seizures
4.2.1.2. Apnea
4.2.1.3. Lethargy
4.2.1.4. Cyanosis
4.2.1.5. Fever/hypothermia
4.2.2.Septicemia
4.2.3.Meningitis
4.2.4.Keto-acidosis
4.2.5.Status epilepticus
4.2.6.Severe asthmatic attack
4.2.7.Poisoning
4.3. Common Pediatric Procedures
4.3.1.Lumbar puncture
4.3.2.Pleural tap
4.3.3.Abdominal tap
4.3.4.Suprapubic tap
4.3.5.Intraosseous cannulation
4.4. Management of Common systemic Pediatric problems
4.4.1.Cardiovascular
4.4.1.1. Rheumatic fever
4.4.1.2. Rheumatic heart disease and complications
4.4.1.3. Congestive cardiac failure
4.4.1.4. Rhythm disorders
4.4.2.Renal
4.4.2.1. Renal failure
4.4.2.2. Nephrotic syndrome
4.4.2.3. Acute glomerulonephritis
4.4.2.4. Chronic kidney disease
4.4.2.5. Dialysis
4.4.2.6. Tubular diseases
4.4.3.Gastrointestinal
4.4.3.1. Severe malnutrition
4.4.3.2. Diarrheal diseases
4.4.3.3. Upper GI bleeding
4.4.3.4. Peptic ulcer disease
4.4.3.5. Hepatitis
4.4.3.6. Malabsorption
4.4.4.Hematology
4.4.4.1. Severe sickle cell disease
4.4.4.2. Anemia in childhood
4.4.4.3. Bleeding disorders
4.4.5.Oncology
4.4.5.1. Management of common malignancies
4.4.6.Neurology
4.4.6.1. Meningitis
4.4.6.2. Encephalitis
4.4.6.3. Raised intracranial pressure
4.4.6.4. Seizure disorders
4.4.6.5. Stroke in children
4.4.7.Respiratory
4.4.7.1. Tuberculosis
4.4.7.2. Pneumonia
4.4.7.3. Bronchiolitis
4.4.7.4. Croup
4.4.7.5. Upper airway obstruction
4.4.8.Infectious diseases
4.4.8.1. HIV/AIDS (ART)
4.4.8.2. Opportunistic infections
4.4.9.Endocrinology
4.4.9.1. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
4.4.9.2. Ambiguous genitalia
4.4.9.3. Disorders of puberty
4.4.9.5. Thyroid disorders
4.4.10. Immunology
4.4.10.1. Evaluating common primary immune deficiencies
4.4.11. Rheumatology
4.4.11.1. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
4.4.11.2. Systemic lupus erythematosus
4.4.11.3. Vasculitidis
4.5. Child protection/advocacy
4.5.1.Child abuse
4.5.1.1. Identifying abuse
4.5.1.2. Evaluating child sexual abuse
4.5.1.3. Multidisciplinary approach
4.5.1.4. Medical legal issues in child abuse and the role of the clinician

5.1. Lectures. 1 hour per week
5.2. Small Group Discussions
5.3. Individual Reading
5.4. Demonstrations
5.5. Skills Lab
5.6. Clerking
5.7. Clinics
5.8. Bedside Teaching. 6 hours per week
5.9. Case Based Learning
5.10. Tutorials. 1 hour per week
6.1.1.Short Essay
6.1.2.Long and short case
6.1.3.OSCE
6.1.4.MCQs
6.1.5.Case presentation:
6.2. Final Examination - 60%.
6.2.1.Written 25%
6.2.2.Clinical and OSCE 35%
7.1. Kliegman, Behrman, Jenson, Stanton. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics.. Publishers,
Saunders, Elsevier.
7.2. Swash M. Huntchinson’s Clinical methods. WB Saunders Company Ltd; London.
7.3. Mclntosh N, Helms P, Smyth R, Logan S. Forfar et Arneil’s Textbook of Pediatrics.
Publishers, Churchill, Livingstone, Elsevier.
7.4. Southall L, Coulter B, Ronald C, Nicholson S, Parke S. International Child Health Care, A
Practical Manual For Hospitals Worldwide, Child Advocacy International Publishers BMJ
books.
8.1. Milner A.D., Hull D. Hospital Pediatrics. Publishers, Churchill Livingstone.
8.2. Stanfield P. Bwibo N. Child Health: A Manual for Medical and Health Workers in Health
Centers and Rural Hospitals. Publishers. AMREF.
8.3. Integrated Management of Childhood Illness. Publishers. WHO, UNICEF
APPENDIX 2: GUIDELINES FOR LEARNER TEACHER RELATIONSHIPS
Teachers should:
1. Treat all learners with respect and fairness.
2. Treat all learners equally regardless of age, gender, race, ethnicity, national origin,
religion, disability.
3. Provide current materials in an effective format for learning.
4. Be on time for didactic, investigational, and clinical encounters.
5. Provide timely feedback with constructive suggestions and opportunities for
improvement/remediation when needed.
6. Declare a conflict of interest where applicable
7. Not work under the influence of alcohol or elicit substances
8. Maintain an appropriate physical and emotional distance from students
9. Avoiding unauthorized use of social media sites (such as Facebook) and internet
chat rooms
10. Refrain from exchanging personal contact details including home addresses, private
email addresses and private telephone numbers with students
11. Refrain from divulging intimate personal information about themselves to students
12. Be aware that the same guidelines and rules for appropriate conduct apply when
staff and students are participating in fieldwork, conferences and other work-
related activities away from the normal workplace.
13. Where possible, ensure that meetings and discussions about work-related matters
occur on campus;
14. Ensure that any one-on-one meeting about work-related matters that occurs off
campus after hours occurs in a public venue, such as a library or a café, where
practicable
15. Refer students with support needs to a relevant University support service
16. Refrain from contacting students after hours about work-related matters, where
practicable
17. Not seek intimate personal information from a student except as relevant to a
university process (e.g. medical information for special consideration, or personal
information as part of an academic progress process).
Behaviors inappropriate to the teacher-learner relationship include but not limited

to:
1. Unwanted physical contact (e.g. hitting, slapping, kicking, pushing) or the threat of
the same
2. Sexual harassment (including romantic relationships between teachers and learners
in which the teacher has authority over the learner’s academic progress) or
harassment based on age, gender, race, ethnicity, national origin, religion, disability.
3. Loss of personal civility including shouting, personal attacks or insults, displays of
temper (such as throwing objects)
4. Discrimination of any form including in teaching and assessment based upon age,
gender, race, ethnicity, national origin, religion, disability.
5. Requests for others to perform inappropriate personal errands unrelated to the
didactic, investigational, or clinical situation at hand
6. Grading/evaluation on factors unrelated to performance, effort, or level of
achievement.
Where applicable staff members should avoid:

1. One-on-one meetings after hours with students about work-related matters at
private residences or secluded places
2. Engaging in conduct of a sexual nature with a student whom they are teaching,
assessing or supervising
3. Having a close personal relationship with a student whom they are teaching,
assessing or supervising
4. Engaging in exploitative dealings with a student or using their position to their own
personal advantage
5. Discussing details of their own intimate and sensitive personal matters in one-on-
one discussions with students, such as their sexual relationships, mental health or
financial position
6. Borrowing or accepting money or other gifts from a student or otherwise having a
financial interest with a student, except for token gifts after all assessment is
completed and in accordance with the Acceptance of Gifts, Benefits and Hospitality
Procedure;
7. Behavior of a threatening or criminal nature, or which makes the student feel
unsafe, including stalking (repeated attempts to impose unwanted communication
or contact, which elicit concern), sexual assault or bullying;
8. Any of the behavior defined as “Sexual Harassment”
9. Engaging in any other conduct towards a student which is unreasonable,
unwelcome and could reasonably be expected to make the student feel offended,
humiliated or intimidated.
A student can seek guidance from the office of the Dean of students about whether the
conduct of a member of staff is appropriate
A member of staff can seek guidance from the immediate supervisor or head of department
A conflict of interest will certainly exist if a staff member is involved in administrative and
academic activities of a student whom he or she has, or has had, a close personal
relationship. Under such circumstances it is incumbent upon the member of staff to
immediately declare a conflict of interest and seek guidance from the immediate
supervisor.
APPENDIX 3: LECTURERS’ CV’s
Dr Gibson Sijumbila
NAME: Dr Gibson Sijumbila
SCHOOL: School of Medicine and Health Science

CURRENT POSITION: Senior Lecturer/Founding Dean
COURSES TAUGHT
• Biochemistry (Third Year University of Zambia

• Endocrinology (Postgraduate Level)
• Biochemistry (Postgraduate University of Zambia)
ACADEMIC QUALIFICATIONS
• 2006 Doctor of Medicine (MD). University of Dundee, UK

• 1993 Diploma in Clinical Pathology (DCP) in Hematology and Immunology. Royal Postgraduate
Medical School, University of London, UK.
• 1984 Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MB ChB), University of Zambia, Lusaka,
Zambia.
• 1981 Bachelor of Science (Human Biology) University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIP
• Biomedical Society of Zambia

• Zambia Laboratory Standard Operating Procedures Committee
• Health Professions Council of Zambia
ACADEMIC EMPLOYMENT HISTORY (including Honorary and Adjunct Positions)
• May 2016 to date Senior Lecturer and Founding Dean, Mulungushi University School of Medicine
and Health Sciences
• Feb 2015 to April 2016 Lecturer I and Head of Physiological Sciences Department, University of
Zambia, School of Medicine
• 2006 to Jan 2015; Lecturer II, School of Medicine, Department of Physiological Sciences,
University of Zambia, School of Medicine
• 2003-2005 Clinical Research Fellow, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of
Dundee, UK.
PROFESSIONAL EMPLOYMENT, EXPERIENCE AND CONSULTANCY HISTORY

• 2002-2003 Executive Director, Livingstone General Hospital, Livingstone, Zambia.
• 2001-2002 Director, Gwembe District Health Board, Gwembe, Zambia.
• 1999- 2001 Executive Director, Lewanika General Hospital, Mongu, Zambia
• 1994-1999 Senior Scientific Officer, Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Ndola, Zambia.
• 1989-1994 Scientific Officer, Tropical Diseases Research Centre, Ndola, Zambia.
• 1987-1989 Registrar in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ndola Central Hospital, Ndola, Zambia.
• 1986-1987 District Medical Officer in Charge, Luwingu District Hospital, Zambia.
• 1985-1986 Senior House Officer (Obs and Gyne), Kitwe Central Hospital, Kitwe, Zambia.
• 1984-1985 Junior House Officer ( on rotation through the departments of Internal Medicine,
General Surgery, Pediatrics, and Obstetrics and Gynecology), Kitwe Central Hospital, Zambia.
169
RESEARCH INTERESTS
• Metabolic syndromes
• Diabetes mellitus and oxidative stress
• Hypertension and oxidative stress
• Chronic exposure to organophosphates and association with non-communicable diseases
PUBLICATIONS (last 5 years)
Books Book Chapters Journal papers Conference papers

(refereed) (Refereed)
0 0 13 0
1. Davies Mwazi Sinyangwe1, Boniface.Mbewe1 and Gibson. Sijumbila2*. Determination of

Dichlorvos Residue Levels in Vegetables sold in Lusaka, Zambia. Pan African Medical Journal
2016; 23:113 doi:10.11604/pamj.2016.23.113.8211
2. Sijumbila Gibson1* Banda Michelo 1, Lwanga Gershom1 and Mukabila Mercy1 Uncoupling of Cell
Respiration and Oxidative Phosphorylation: It’s Possible Role in Obesity. International Journal of
Current Research 8, Issue, 02, pp.26130-26135, February, 2016
3. Pule R, Kristinsson S, Sijumbila G. Prevalence of anemia in pregnancy in women attending
antenatal clinic in Kabwata, Lusaka, Zambia. Journal of Harmonized Research in Medical and
Health Sciences. 2(3), 2015, 77-85
4. 1Anil Mehta, 1Kate Treharne and 2*Gibson M. Sijumbila. Interplay Between Hyperosmotic Stress
And Protein Kinase A In Regulation Of Ciliary Beat Frequency In Vitro. International Journal of
Development Research Vol. 5, Issue, 02, pp. 3311-3316, February, 2015
5. Sijumbila G., Mehta A. (September 2015). Effect of sample storage temperature on ciliary beat
frequency of flow subjected cilia. Jour of Med Sc & Tech; 4(3); Page Nos: 196 – 200.
6. Chabala F, Sijumbila G, Mweemba A, Kwangu M, Mpanga K, Banda N, Nyirendra S. (May 2015).
Comparison of creatinine clearance in HIV/AIDS patients on Tenofovir and two non Tenofovir
based NRTIs after one year of therapy. Jour of Med Sc & Tech; 4(2); Page No: 97 – 103.
7. Emmelia Chileshe1 Gibson Sijumbila2 Geoffrey Kwenda3 Yusuf Ahmed4. Determination OF C -
Reactive Protein Levels In Blood Of Post Caesarean Section Mothers And Factors Associated To It
At The University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia. Asian Academic Research Journal Of
Multidisciplinary. 2014 1(26). Page Nos 256-261
8. Musalula Sinkala1, Trevor Kaile1, Sandra Chileya2, Clemence Marimo1, Lydia Korolova3, Geoffrey
Kwenda3, Gibson Sijumbila2* Investigation of dyslipidemias associated with type 2 diabetes
mellitus. Journal Of Harmonized Research in Pharmacy 3(4), 2014, 177-182
9. Sinkala M, Kaile T, Chileya S, Marimo C, Korolova L, Kwenda G, Sijumbila G.(September 2014).
Plasma insulin and fatty acid synthase levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Jour of
Med Sc & Tech; 3(3); Page No: 123 – 129.
10. Moses M, Yassa P, Kapasa M, Hira S, Kwangu M, Sijumbila G. (September 2014). Aminophylline
loading dose and serum sodium ions in premature neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care
unit, at the university teaching hospital, Lusaka, Zambia. Jour of Medical Science and Technology;
3(3); Page No: 108 – 114.
11. Mwenya Kwangu, Pierre Yasa, Nason Lambwe, Moses Mukosha, Gibson Sijumbila1*.
(2014).Interplay between nitric oxide and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in
primary hypertension. International Journal of Medicine and Medical Science. Vol 6(7) pp165-170.
12. Mwenya Kwangu, Sandra Chileya, Pierre Yasa, Nason Lambwe, Gibson Sijumbila*. May 11,
2014. Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and its role in pathophysiology of
hypertension. Journal of Medical Science and Technology 3(2); Page No: 67 –74.
13. Development of a curriculum for training in One Health analytical epidemiology at the University
of Zambia. Authors: J.B. Muma1 Martin Simuunza1 K. Mwachalimba1 M. Munyeme1 B.
Namangala2 C. Hankanga3 G. Sijumbila4 R. Likwa Ndonyo4 Yona Sinkala5 A. Mwanza3 A.
Simanyengwe Mweene1 Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Medicine
170
Dr. Roy Chavuma
NAME: Roy Chavuma
SCHOOL: School of Medicine and Health Sciences

CURRENT POSITION: Senior Lecturer in Surgery
COURSES TAUGHT
• Physiological Basis of Surgery (5th -7th Year)

• Surgical anatomy of Head and Neck
• Basis of neoplasm and nomenclature (6th Year)
• Introduction to Maxillo Facial surgery (6TH Year)
• Basic Pathology in maxilo facial
• Principals Of Surgery (M.Med)
• Cranio maxilla facial surgery (M.Med)
• Basic Epidemiology (M.P.H)
• Study designs in Epidemiology (M.P.H)
• Basic statistics in Epidemiology (M.P.H.)
 University Of Birmingham In Alabama USA
MPH Epidemiology 2004
 College Of Surgeon For east and central Africa (COSESCA)
Founding Fellow 2002
 University Of Zambia
M.Med Surgery 1998
Thesis: "Management of Supracondylar Fractures of the Humerus by a Conservative Method in a District
Hospital
 Medical Academy Sofia Bulgaria
MD 1989
 National Institute For Foreign Students Abdul Nasser
Bulgarian Language and A levels 1983
• Zambia Medical Association
• Surgical Association Of Zambia
• Fellow of the college of surgeons Of East Central and Southern Africa

• Honorary lecturer and head maxilla facial unit in the school of medicine 1998 to 2017
University of Zambia School of medicine
• Part time lecturer and course coordinator 2015-2016
Lusaka Apex University

• Consultant surgeon in maxilla facial 2004-2017 UTH/UNZA
• Research physician Zambia Emory HIV research Project 2004-2017
• Consultant General surgeon and head of Unit 2001-2004
• Consultant in charge of Oncology clinic 2002-2005
• District Director of Health for Lusaka 2010-2011
RESEARCH INTERESTS
171
• HIV and surgical infections
• Facial tumours mode of treatment
• Scope of maxilla facial surgery in resource limited setting

• Wall KM, Kilembe W, Vwalika B, Haddad LB, Hunter E, Lakhi S, Chavuma R, HteeKhu N, Brill I,
Vwalika C, Mwananyanda L, Chomba E, Mulenga J, Tichacek A, Allen S. Risk of heterosexual HIV
transmission attributable to sexually transmitted infections and non-specific genital
inflammation in Zambian discordant couples, 1994-2012. Int J Epidemiol. 2017 Apr 11.
• Wall KM, Kilembe W, Vwalika B, Haddad LB, Lakhi S, Onwubiko U, HteeKhu N, Brill I, Chavuma R,
Vwalika C, Mwananyanda L, Chomba E, Mulenga J, Tichacek A, Allen S. Sustained effect of couples'
HIV counselling and testing on risk reduction among Zambian HIV serodiscordant couples. Sex
Transm Infect. 2017 Jan 12. pii: sextrans-2016-052743.
• Fujita W, Mukumbuta L, Chavuma R, Ohashi K. Quality of partogram monitoring at a primary

health centre in Zambia. Midwifery. 2015 Jan; 31(1):191-6.

0 0 3 0
172
Dr. Festus Mushabati
NAME: FESTUS MUSHABATI

CURRENT POSITION: Lecturer
COURSES TAUGHT
• Medical Physiology (2nd and 3rd year MBChB) at MU SOMHS

• Principles of Medical Physiology (Postgraduate level; MMEDs 1 and MSc Physiology) at CBU SOM
• Medical Physiology (2nd year MBChB, BDS, BSc CM) at CBU SOM
• Medical Physiology (3rd year MBChB, BDS, BSc CM) at CBU SOM
• Dental Oral Physiology (4th year BDS) at CBU SOM
 BVM 2011, UNZA

 MSc. Human Physiology 2015, UNZA
 Certificate Medical Education 2014, UNZA
• Member Physiological Society of Zambia.

• Member Physiology Society of Southern Africa (PSSA).
• Registered Veterinary Surgeon, Veterinary Council of Zambia.
• Member Veterinary Association of Zambia.
• Head of Department Basic Medical Sciences MU SOMHS 2017 September to Date.

• Lecturer Medical Physiology MU SOMHS 2017, August to Date.
• Assistant Dean CBU SOM 2015 – 2017, August.
• Lecturer Medical Physiology CBU SOM 2015-2017
• SDF Medical Physiology CBU SOM 2012 – 2014
• Tutor/Field Instructor Public Health UNZA 2011 – 2012
• Honorary Lecturer Human Physiology LAMU 2014 to 2017
• Honorary Lecturer Human Physiology Cavendish University SOM 2014 to 2017.
• Adjunct Lecturer Basic Sciences Rusangu University Lusaka Campus 2013 - 2015
• Honorary Lecturer Human Physiology Evelyn Hone College 2014
• Registered Veterinary Practitioner 2011 to date

• Tutor/Field Instructor, Veterinary Public Health UNZA 2011 – 2012
• Medical education consultancy 2012 to Date.
• Key Team member that developed MBChB Curriculum for Mulungushi University SOMHS 2016
• Research consultancy in Physiological studies/formulation of human/animal reference
values/standards 2016 to Date.
• Undergraduate and Postgraduate Students Research Supervisor/Co-PI 2015 to Date.
• PI and Mentor to a Young Researcher funded by NSTC 2017 to date.
173
RESEARCH INTERESTS
• Cardiorespiratory sciences including science of herbal medicines.

• Sports sciences – exercise Physiology, Physical education and management of sports.
• All aspects of Medical Education for both undergraduates and postgraduates.
• Zoonoses (infectious diseases transmissible from animals to man and vice versa).

3 1
1. Mushabati F, Goma FM, Lwiindi L, Siulapwa NJ, Siziya S. (January 2015). Central arterial stiffness
in Zambian normotensive and hypertensive participants. Jour of Med Sc & Tech; 4(1); Page No: 30
– 35.
2. Lwiindi L, Goma F, Mushabati F, Prashar L, Choongo K. (January 2015). Physiological response of
uterine muscle to Steganoteania araliacea in rat models. Jour of Med Sc & Tech; 4(1); Page No: 40
– 45.
3. Pandey GS, Hang'ombe BM, Mushabati F and Kataba A (2013) Prevalence of tuberculosis among
southern Zambian cattle and isolation of Mycobacterium bovis in raw milk obtained from
tuberculin positive cows, Veterinary World 6(12): 986-991.
174
Mr. John Mulemena
NAME: JOHN AMOS MULEMENA
SCHOOL: School of Medicine

CURRENT POSITION: Lecturer III
COURSES TAUGHT
• Medical Microbiology
o Bacteriology
o Mycology
o Virology
• Specialized Systemic Microbiology
• General Microbiology
• Molecular Microbiology
• Immunology
 University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
School of Medicine
MSc Medical Microbiology, January 2017
Dissertation: “Identification of Potential Pathogens of Pneumonia in Sputum Samples from Adult
Patients at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka”
 Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
Department of Biological Sciences
Hon. Degree in Biomedical Science, June 2006
 Technical and Vocational Teachers’ College, Luanshya, Zambia
Certificate Teaching Methodology, May 2007
 Evelyn Hone College of Applied Arts and Commerce, Lusaka, Zambia
Diploma Medical Laboratory Technology, 1998
• Health Professional Council of Zambia
• Biomedical Society of Zambia
• 2003-June 2017 Senior Lecturer, Department of Medical Microbiology, Ndola College of
biomedical Science, Ndola
• Zambia
 Lecturer in Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Biology from 3rd September 2003 to June
2017 at the Ndola College of Biomedical Sciences, Ndola. My work involved lecturing and
conducting practical for students. Additionally, I supervised students’ research projects
 November 1999 to August, 2003 worked as a Medical Laboratory Technologist in the
Department of Microbiology, Central Medical Laboratory, Wusakili Mine Hospital. (Technologist
In-Charge from July 2000 to August 2003). My work involved day-to-day analysis of patient
specimens and participated in internal and external quality control programmes in the
Microbiology laboratory.
 July 2001 to August 2003 was in charge of procurement, storage and issuance of laboratory
reagents.
RESEARCH INTERESTS
• Aetiology of Opportunistic Infectious Diseases
175
• Infection Prevention
• Antibiotic Resistance
• Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases
• Epidemic diseases surveillance

Submitted manuscript to BMC: Potential Pathogens of Pneumonia in Sputum Samples from Adult
Patients at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia

0 0 8 8
176
Kamvuma M. Kingsley
NAME: KAMVUMA M. KINGSLEY

CURRENT POSITION: Lecturer III (Pathology)
COURSES TAUGHT
• Microbiology (1st Year Nursing)

School of Medicine
Department of Pathology and Microbiology
MSc in Pathology (Haematology)
24th February, 2017
School of Medicine
Department of Biomedical sciences
BSc in Biomedical Sciences
15th July, 2011
PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIP+
• Member, Biomedical Society of Zambia

• Registration, Health Professions Council Of Zambia
• Member, Drugs and therapeutic committee, Livingstone Central Hospital
• Member, Quality improvement committee, Livingstone Central Hospital
• Former treasurer, University of Zambia Biomedical Students Association
• Present: Lecturer in Pathology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University,
Livingstone, Zambia.
• 2012 to 2014: Part time lecturer at Livingstone School of Nursing, Livingstone, Zambia.
• March to June, 2017: Deputy Head of Department, Livingstone Central Hospital Laboratory,
• January to Sept, 2014: Acting head of department, Livingstone Central Hospital Laboratory,
• 2012 to 2014: Quality Officer, Livingstone Central Hospital Laboratory, Livingstone, Zambia
• 2011 to 2012: Biomedical scientist, Livingstone Central Hospital Laboratory, Livingstone,
Zambia.
RESEARCH INTERESTS
177
• Correlation of tuberculosis smear positive results and immuno-suppression with CD4+ cell count
as surrogate among HIV infected patients
• Immune dynamics in HIV patients co-infected with TB
• The value of procalcitonin and C-reactive protein as early markers of bacteremia among patients
with hematological malignancies receiving chemotherapy, Lusaka, Zambia
• An Increase in reported cases of megaloblastic anaemia at the University teaching Hospital, what
could be the cause?

0 0 0 04
178
NAME: CHRISTIAN CHINYERE EZEALA
SCHOOL: School of Medicine and Health Science
CURRENT POSITION: Professor of Pharmacology
COURSES TAUGHT
 MPC 251. Pharmacology (General Pharmacology)MBChB year 2

 MPC 252 Pharmacology (CVS, RS) MBChB year 2
 MPC 351 Pharmacology (Digestive, Genitourinary, Reproductive, Endocrine) year 3
 MPC352 Pharmacology (Nervous system, Chemotherapy, General topics)
 University of South Africa (Unisa), Pretoria, South Africa

Department of Health Studies
DLitt et Phil in Health Studies, May 2017
Thesis: "Analysis of undergraduate students’ educational environment in a medical school on Zambia"
 Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria

Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics
PhD in Pharmacology, June 2010
Thesis: “Studies on the protective effects of fresh garlic extract in acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity”
 Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria

Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics
MSc in Pharmacology, Aug 2005
Thesis: “Haemostatic abnormalities in Nigerian patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus”
 Southern Africa FAIMER Regional Institute, Cape Town, South Africa

Fellowship in Health Professions Education, March 2010
Thesis: “Needs analysis for a postgraduate diploma in medical laboratory sciences in Uganda”
 Federal School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jos Nigeria

AMLSCN in Medical Laboratory Sciences, Dec 1986
 Royal Society of Biology, UK; Scope: Member (MRSB); Reg No: P0111859
 Royal Society of Biology, UK; Scope: Chartered Biologist; Reg No: P0111859
 Science Council UK; Scope: Chartered Scientist (CSci): Reg No: ICR121000050
 Institute of Clinical Research, UK; Scope: Professional Member (MICR); Reg ID: 97918
 Royal Australian Chemical Institute Australia; Scope: Member, Chartered Chemist, (CChem, MRACI)
 Royal Society of New Zealand; Scope: Professional Member (MRSNZ)
 American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics USA; scope: Full
Member
 International Pharmaceutical Federation; Scope: Member
 Southern African Society for Basic and Clinical Pharmacology; Scope: Member
 Medical Laboratory Science Council of Nigeria; Scope: Medical Laboratory Scientist (AMLSCN); Reg.
No: RA: 1827
 Medical Sciences Council of New Zealand, NZ; Scope: Medical Laboratory Scientist; Reg
No: 30-07144
179
 African Scientific Institute, USA; Scope: Fellow


 2017 – Present, Professor of Pharmacology, Mulungushi University School of Medicine and Health
Sciences
 2014 – 2017, Associate Professor of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Zambia
 2011 – 2014, Associate Professor of Pharmacology, Fiji National University, Fiji
 2009 – 2011, Lecturer, Fiji School of Medicine, Fiji
 2005 – 2009, Senior Lecturer, School of Health Sciences, Kampala International University, Uganda
 2007 – 2008 Chief Medical Laboratory Scientist/ Head of Medical Laboratories, Kampala International
University Teaching Hospital, Bushenyi, Uganda
 2000 – 2005 Assistant Chief Med Lab Scientist, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Abia State
University Uturu, Nigeria
 1989-1995 Medical Laboratory Scientist in the Departments of Chemical Pathology and Radiation
Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
RESEARCH INTERESTS
 Verification of the pharmacological properties of African medicinal plants
 Identification of lead compounds for drug development from natural products
 Toxicology and safety pharmacological studies on indigenous herbal products
 Medical and health professions educational research
Books Book Chapters Journal papers (refereed) Conference papers

(Refereed)
0 0 15 5
180
NAME: YUSUF Uthman Ademola

CURRENT POSITION: Lecturer III
COURSES TAUGHT
• Histochemistry (Postgraduate level)

• Advance Gross Anatomy (Postgraduate level)
• Neuroanatomy (3rd year and Postgraduate level)
• Gross Anatomy of the lower limb (2nd year)
• Gross Anatomy of the Upper limb (2nd year)
• Gross Anatomy of the Thorax (2nd year)
• Gross Anatomy of the Abdomen (2nd year)
• Gross Anatomy of pelvic and Perineum (2nd year)
• Gross Anatomy of the Head and Neck (3rd year)
• General Histology (2nd year)
• Systemic Histology (2nd and 3rd year)
• General Embryology (2nd year)
• Systemic Embryology (2nd and 3rd year)
• Olabisi OnabanjoUniversity, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria

Department of Anatomy,
PhD in view
Thesis: Histoarchitectural and Histochemical changes in the Prefrontal cortex of
hyperglycemic Wistar rats treated with Citrus medica leaf extracts.
• University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
Department of Anatomy,
M.Sc in Anatomy, September 2012.
• Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Nigeria
Department of Anatomy.
B.Tech in Anatomy, December 2009.
• Anatomical Society of Nigeria (ASN)

• Anatomical Society of West Africa (ASWA)
• Neurosciences Society of Nigeria (NSN)
• International Brain Research Organization (IBRO)
• International Society of Neurochemistry (ISN)
ACADEMIC EMPLOYMENT HISTORY (including Honorary and Adjunct
Positions)
181
• 2008 Gross Anatomy Practical Demonstrator, Anatomy Department,
Lautech, Ogbomoso.
• Dissection Instructor, (2011-2012) Anatomy Department, University of Ilorin Nigeria.
• Assistant Lecturer (2013-2014) Department of Anatomy, Kampala International
University, Uganda.
• Lecturer (2015-2016) Department of Anatomy, Kampala International University,
Tanzania.
• Part-time Lecturer (2015-2016) Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, ST.
Glory college of Health and Allied Sciences, Tanzania.
• Lecturer (2016-2017) Department of Anatomy, University of Gitwe, Rwanda.
• Lecturer III (2017-Till date) Department of Anatomy, Mulungushi University,Zambia
PROFESSIONAL EMPLOYMENT, EXPERIENCE AND CONSULTANCY
HISTORY
RESEARCH INTERESTS
• Some of the effects of aqueous extract of Mistletoe on cadmium induced frontal cortex
damage on Adult male wistar Rats.
• Some of the effects of aqueous extract of Mistletoe on cadmium induced liver and kidney
damage on Adult male wistar Rats.
• Some of the effects of aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera on Prefrontal cortex of
streptozocin induced diabetes on Wistar rats.
• Some of the effects of aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera on developing brain of Wistar
Rats.

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MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION

HIGHER EDUCATION AUTHORITY

APPLICATION FOR ACCREDITATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION LEARNING

A Higher Education institutions applying for Accreditation of Higher Education Learning

The Director General

Name of Higher Education Institution

Physical Address Mulungushi University, Great North Road Campus,

1. Aims and Objectives

C2. DETAILS OF HIGHER EDUCATION LEARNING PROGRAMMES

Programme Reference MBChB 703001

C2.1.3 Aims of the programme

C2.1.4 Objectives of the programme

Table 1. Teaching and Learning Plan Year 1 (Premedical foundation)

COURSE COURSE TITLE Lectures Tutorials Laboratory Total Hours

Course Course title Contact Hours

Table 3. Teaching and Learning Plan Year 3 (Preclinical)

Course Course title Contact Hours

Course Course title Contact Hours

MGS 410 General Surgery 1 28 4 7 12 7 1 7 147

MOG 410 Obstetrics and Gynecology 1 28 4 7 12 7 1 7 147

MPC 410 Pediatrics and Child Health 2 28 4 7 12 7 1 7 147

MPU 480 Public Health 2 28 3 14 98

Course Course title Contact Hours

Course Course title Contact Hours

C2.2.4. Articulation in the Zambia Qualifications Framework

ZQF Articulation (Entry requirements):

(a) Academic Staff

Clinical years (4th, 5th, and 6th years)

 Final Examination (written papers & clinical exams/Objective Clinical Structured

C2.3.2 validation and Security.

C2.3.3 Arrangements for Assessments of Dissertations

C2.5.2 Learning and Research

a) GRZ Regular Funding

C 2.6.2 Equipment available to support Teaching and Learning

C 2.6.3 networks available to support Teaching and Learning.

C2.7.2 strategies and institutional arrangements for Internal Quality Assurance.

Programme Reference MBChB 703001

I .……………………………………………...............…… confirm that the information I have given in the

Application Form is true.

5. Teaching Methods & Contact Hours

Course Title: Microbiology (General Microbiology)

5. Teaching Methods and Contact Hours

Course Title: Pharmacology (General Pharmacology)

5. Teaching Methods and Contact Hours

Part 1 Behavioural Sciences

Part 2 – Communication Skills & Professionalism

5. Teaching methods- 3 contact hours/week including:

5. Teaching Methods & Contact Hours

5. Teaching Methods and Contact Hours

5. Teaching Methods and Contact Hours

3. Week 2 and week 3 Field Work

3. Objectives: At the end of the course students should be able to

4.2. Liver, gall bladder and pancreas

5. Teaching Methods & Contact Hours

5. Teaching Methods and Contact Hours

5. Teaching Methods and Contact Hours

4.3. Soft tissue tumors

5. Teaching Methods & Contact Hours

5. Teaching Methods and Contact Hours

5. Teaching Methods and Contact Hours

4.2.4 Nutrition and Health

4.2.5 Environmental Health

4.2.6 Occupational Health