CH204 Experiment

Colours in Chemistry B

Name: Ravneel Chand

ID #: S11175511
Lab group: Thursday 8am-12pm
Aim: “Determination of concentrations of given solutions”

Table 1: Absorbance readings for various solutions

Concentrations Absorbance 1 Absorbance 2 Average absorbance

0.002 0.076 0.075 0.0755
0.004 0.100 0.100 0.100
0.006 0.125 0.122 0.1235
0.008 0.143 0.146 0.1445
0.10 0.167 0.168 0.1675
UNKNOWN A 0.116 0.115 0.1155
UNKNOWN B 0.144 0.144 0.144
UNKNOWN C 0.166 0.167 0.1665

Absorbances vs concentrations
0.18

0.16 f(x) = 11.43 x + 0.05

0.14

0.12
Absorbance

0.1

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

0
0 0 0 0 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
Concentrations

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 Calculations [Concentrations of the unknowns: 6 marks]
Beer’s Law = A=εCl + b which this law equals the linear equation; y = mx + c
where;
A= absorbance
ε = m (slope from the graph)
C = concentration
l = length
b = y intercept from the graph
y = 11.425x + 0.0536
Unknown A concentration

A= εCl + b C = A-b/ε
A= 0.1235 ε = m (slope from the graph) = 11.425
b = y intercept from the graph = 0.0536
C(conc of A) =( 0.1235 – 0.0536)/11.425
= 0.006M

Unknown B concentration
A= εCl + b C = A-b/ε
A= 0.1445ε = m (slope from the graph) = 11.425
b = y intercept from the graph = 0.0536
C(conc of A) =( 0.1445 – 0.0536)/11.425
= 0.008M

Unknown C concentration
A= εCl + b C = A-b/ε
A= 0.1675 ε = m (slope from the graph) = 11.425
b = y intercept from the graph = 0.0536
C(conc of A) =( 0.1675 – 0.0536)/11.425
= 0.01M
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 Post lab questions
1. Compare the calculated concentrations of the unknown solutions with the expected concentrations
and state two sources of error. [3 marks]

Concentration of unknown Expected

solutions concentration
A= 0.006M 0.006M
B= 0.008M 0.008M
C= 0.10M 0.10M
- - The measured concentration was found to be exactly the same as the estimated concentration, as
shown above.
(i) Mistakes in performing the experiment in making math mistakes during dilutions.
(ii) Instruments maybe improperly calibrated which are not unusual in chemical labs and lead to wrong
results.

2. State the significance of the Beer-Lambert’s Law. [2 marks]

- The law of Beer-Lambert is an equation which relates light attenuation to the properties of a material.
The law notes that a chemical's concentration is directly proportional to a solution's absorption. The
relationship can be used by means of a colorimeter or spectrophotometer to determine the
concentration of a chemical species in a solution. In UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, the relationship
is used most commonly. Notice that at high solution concentrations, Beer's Rule is not accurate.

Conclusion
In conclusion, this experiment was successful in achieving its objective of determining the concentrations of
the unknown A-C solution given. The law of Beer-Lambert helped in assessing the uncertain concentrations.

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