; POWER ane INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING REVIEWER 2ND El___POWER AND INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING REFRIGERATION‘> maintaining @ space cooler than the surrounding. the process that involves the transfer of heal fram a low-temperature space to a high-temperature space. Rofrigerator a device having a primary objective isto cool the lower temperature space, Heat Pump ‘> 2 device in which the objective Isto heat the higher-temperature space CIO 1 oe Refrigeration 2. Mechanical Retigeration 3. Absorption Refrigeration 4 Steam Jet Refrigeration 5 Air Cycle Retiigeration oon ERE we wie Amount of cooling provided by the ice, Qe Qe = miCitw-t) + L + Cxt-talh Kd 2.093 kilkg-°C = 0.5 BtulbF Ce= specific heat of water "= 4487 kkgC = 1.0 Btullb“F LL = latent heat of fusion = 385 kikg = 144 Btu tu = meting temperature = OC SS Basic Components: 4. Compressor > compresses refrigérant Vapor and causes itp flow in the system. > The compressor is usually called "the heart of the refrigeration system” because it Grculates the refrigerant through the cycie. 2. Condenser i ‘> the cefrigarant condenses while rejecting heat to the cooling medium which is either air or water ‘> a device that transfers heat out of the refigeration system to 8 cooling medium which is either air, water or a combination of water and aiePOWER AND INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING 19-3 —__ZOMERANDINDUSTRIALPLANTENGINEERING 19-3 ‘> The three types of condensers are water-cooled, air-cooled and evaporative condensers. Evaporative condenser transfers heat by the combination of air and water as cooling medium, 2. Expansion Valve > reduces the pressure of the refrigerant so that low temperature will be attained; regulates the fow of the refrigerant to the evaporator 4. Evaporator > the liquid portion ofthe refrigerant evaporates while absorbing heat from the surrounding. Vapor Compression Cycie is an deal refrigeration cycie and is also called as the Feversed Rankine cycle. The cycle is basically applied to household reftigerators and air conditioners both for household and cars. The cycle is composed of four Processes and uses refrigerants as the circulating substance,19-4 REFRIGERATION | ro Process 1+2: _Isentropic Compression in the Compressor Process 2+3 Constant Pressure Condensation in the Condenser Process 34: Isenthalpic Expansion in Expansion Valve Process 4— 1: Constant Pressure Vaporization in the Evaporator We = ha-hy klk We = miha-hs) kw * Qq = hats klhkg Qq = mihe-hs) kwmapAT = miha-ns) where: Ob = specific heat of water = 4.187 kitcg-*C AT = temperature rise ofthe cooling water he = hy Te = (hr +x hile nee ‘ually or weight of ash gas per unt weight of ehigerant CREA "> te ate ones renova fon te earth ee Ons hehe kik Qa = min; ha) kw , = “h=F) Tons of Retigeraton 316 (ton ofretigeration = 3.516 kw = 200 Btumin = 12.000 Btumr) SEE) "> the ratio ofthe refrigerating effect o the compressor were fetoomty Elect Oy nem OF. Ooneemeven - * RE SEIT creed aren’ Ol eFgeratng efect divided by he power npvt eee ‘expressed in Btufhr per Watt EER = Refigeraong Efect (tui) Power input (Wet) : Sere — peg ——— of rtigeration. PowerfTon = COMBO Power ign Fane ot FeesWemy ms ve mw Jone of Refiguaton "Tow Rat Evaporation Temperature: S°F (-15°C) Condensing Temperature: 86°F (30") Reversed Camot Cycle is also called Carnot Refrigerator and it has the highest ‘coefficient of performance (COP) compared to other refrigeration cycles for the same temperature limits err ery Processes of the Carnot Refrigerator: Process 1+2: _ Isentropic Compression Process 23: Constant Temperature (Isothermal) Condensation Process 3+ 4: Isentropic Expansion Process 4+ 1° Constant Temperature VaporizationPOWER AND INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING Le SE 1. Heat Rejected, Qe Qn = TxSeSs) = THE: 2. Heat Added, Qa & = THSrS0) 3. Work Net, W W = Qr-Q = TSS.) - THES.) 4. Coefficient of Performance, COP For a Refrigerator: For a Heat Pump: cop = % 5% =O, Te = Ty = high absolute temperature, °K or °R TTS ETTNote: hp = hy at to hy = he 'b; wilbe obtained from the P-h chart at Py and t; Refrigerating Effect = hy-he Functions of the heat exchanger: 41, To ensure that no liquid enters the compressor 2. To prevent bubbles of vapor of refrigerant tothe expansion valve “Heat balance in the heat exchanger: hehe = hirhe Heat Rejected in the condenser = hehe kilkgPOWER AND INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING 19: INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING 959, Peetriseration Compressors Types of Compressors: UR CE TT 1 Open-type compressor > compressor whose crankshaft extends through the ‘compressor housing so that a motor can be externally coupled to the shaft. 2. Hermetically sealed Compressor > type in which the compressor and the Motor are enclosed in the same housing, 3. Semi-Hermetic Compressor -> hermetically sealed compressor in which the oylinder head can be removed for servicing ofthe valves and pistons. Performance of Reciprocating Compressor 1. Compressor work (Power) We = hah kalkg We = m(he=hs) kw 2. Piston Displacement, Vo Vo= SDFLNC, misec19-10 where: D = bore, m L = stroke, m N = speed, revis C= number of elinders 3. Volume flow at suction, Vi’ LW simy where: Vr = specific volume at suction, "kg 4. Volumetric Efficiency, ny newt Yo Conventional (el ‘specific volume at suction, mg ‘specific volume at discharge, ekg “Types of cofeneere used in pigeon: 41,Air-cooler ‘a Bare tube b, Finned tube 2. Wator-cooled 2. Shel-end-tube », ShelLand-coil ‘ccing Wate mtn sheltand-tube (Vertical Condenser vPOWER AND INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING By heat balance: muCpat = m(b-hyJE where: ‘Bt = temperature rise of cooling water E = heat extraction factor Functions of the Expansion Device: 4 4. to reduce the pressure of the liquid refrigerant from the condenser in Grder to attain low temperature 2. to control the flow ofthe refigerant to the evaporator. ‘Types of Expansion Devices: 4. Capillary Tube Inside diameter: 0.50 mm to 2 mm. Length: 1mto6m Capacity: upto 10 kw 2. Expansion Valves ‘a Gate Valve ». Constant Pressure Expansion Valve «, Thermostatic Expansion Valve 4. Thermostatic Expansion Valve with External Equalizer Float Valve (used with flooded evaporator) [nr |. Halocarbon Refrigerants RAZ CChF: Dichiorodituoromethane R22 CHCIF: Monochlorodifuoromethane R40 CHsCl Methyl Chloride 1, Inorganie Refrigrants RTT NH Ammonia R718 HO Water R79 = Ale R744 CO; Carbon Dioxide il, Hydrocarbon Refrigerants R50 CH, Methane R70 CeHy Ethane R290 CsHe Propane IV, Azeotropes ‘An azeotropes isa miture of two substances in which the components cannot be ‘Separated by distillation. (R-502 is a mixture of 48.8% R-22 and §1.2% R-118),39-32 REFRIGERATION EO ‘Thermodynamic Properties: 1. low freezing point 2. low condensing pressure 3. low evaporating pressure 4.low power per ton 5. low volume flow per ton 6 high COP Chemical Properties: 7. non-toxic 8 non-flammable 8. non-corrosive 10. not destructive to refrigerated products Physical Properties: 11, low viscosity 412. high thermal conductivity 18. easy leak detection 44 miscible with of 16, reasonable cost Leak Detection: 41. R-12 and other systems using halocarbon refrigerants: Detection: loss of cooling capacity Location ‘2. Soap sud b. prestolite or alcohol torch «electronic leak detector 2, Ammonia System: Detection: toxic odor Location: ‘a soap sud sulfur candle «.limus paper ve we Cooling Load = mCp at, kwPOWER AND INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING where: ‘m= mass ofthe product, kg/s (Cp= specific heat ofthe product, kulkg-°C ‘At = temperature change, °C Cooling Load = m{Citi-t) + L + Gxt) kw where: 'm = mass ofthe product, o/s Cr = specific heat above freezing, Kitkg-°C = latent heat of fusion, _ kulkg C2 = specific heat below freezing, kikg-°C ty = intial temperature, °C = freezing temperature, °C ta = final temperature, °C For Water: Cy = 4.187 kilkg-"C = 1.0 Btulb-F U's 935 kikg = 144 Blut Gz = 2.009 kuihg-"C = 0.80 Btu Total Refrigeration Load = Cooling load trom products + Heat gain from extemal sources: (1Ton of Refrigeration = 3.516 kw = 12,000 Btumr) SS ‘1. Refrigeration System with Two-Stage Compressor ‘Compressor Work = (hx hy) + (he-hy)a9-14 [REFRIGERATION 2. Refrigeration System with One Compressor Serving Two (or more) Evaporators By heat balance at junction: imhe + (m-ms)he = mh 3. Refrigeration System with Flash Tank By heat balance in Flash Tank mit + (m=m)hr By heat balance at junction, imihe + (m-=mi)he = mh___POWER AND INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING 19-15 Cryogenics “> the science of low temperature 41. Cascade Refrigeration System: a ‘By heat balance in the cascade condenser: mathe) = maths= Fe) ‘Compressor Work = mfa= hs) * lhe Hs) Refrigerating Effect = ms(ty-ha) 2. Cascade Refrigeration System with Direct Contact Cascade Condenser:REFRIGERATION Pa = Ps = Pe = pressure al the cascade condenser Pas AR By heat balance in the cascade condenser sm(ha-hs) = mash) ‘Total Compressor Work (Power) = milha=hs) + me(he= he) LL eS SST Absorption Refrigeration is a refrigeration system without a compressor and rather Ro external work to compress the refrigerant. A substitute to the compressor is the ‘absocber-generator set-up that produces a solution of refrigerant and the refrigerant is ‘superheated by an external heatPOWER’ AND INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING LAS EI Air Cycle Refrigeration is commonly used in sirraft ait conditioning system. This gyele is also known 95 reversed Brayton cycle which uses air as the crculating medium, ‘Schematic Diagram: T=S Diagram: Air Refrigeration Cycle Processes: Process 12. isentropic Compression Process 2—~3. Constant Pressure (Isobaric) Heat Rejection Process 3-+4: isentropic expansion Process 41: Constant Pressure (lsoberic) Heat Addition SOREN AA refrigeration system operates on an ideal vapor compression using R-12 with an ‘evaporator temperature of minus 30°C and a condenser exit temperature of 48.3°C. ‘and requires 3 74.6 kw motor to drive the compressor. What is the capacity of the ‘erigerator in tons of refrigeration? Enthalpy at condenser entrance = 282 kikg, exit = 248.15 kikg; ‘at evaporator entrance = 248.15, exit = 398.14. (Apr 96) Aas © 213 BAS W = mihehy) 746 = m(382 - 938.14) m = 1.7 kgs Qe = mihy- hy) (338.14 - 248.15) 53 kw 435. tons of refrigeration Aaa19-18 REFRIGERATION EEE ‘A Freon 12 waste water system operating at @ 5°C suction temperature and @ 40°C ‘condensing temperature has an evaporator load af § tons. It the condenser is selected for @ 7°C water temperature rise, how many GPM must bbe crculated through the condenser? ‘The following enthalpies have been found: condenser entrance = 3770 kko exit = 2385, evaporator entrance = 2385 kikg, exit =3536 A11.48 GPM © 1256GRM 5 9.05GPM D. 1436.GPM Refrigerating Effect = m{hy- hs) '5(3.516) = (353.6 - 2385) m= O.153ko/6 By heat balance in condenser: (ha a) = muGpat 0.153(377.0-238.5) = m4(4.187)7) mq = 0.723 kgls 0.723(60) GO) = 4338 win Sen os cou Answer: 8.11.48 GPM EEE ‘An ideal vapor compression refigeration cycle requires 2.5 kw to power the ‘compressor. You have found the following data for the cycle. the enthalpy at the ‘condenser entrance = 203 kilkg, exit = 55; evaporator entrance = 55 kulkg, exit = 178. Ifthe mass flow rate of the refrigerant is 0.10 kgis, then the coefficient of performance of this refrigeration cycle is most nearly. (ME Bd. Oct 94) A502 ©. 592 8582 0 4s2 Ref. Effect = minha) = 0.10(178- 55) = 123kW 492 178~55 * os 178 = 492 Answor _D. 482‘POWER AND INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING EE ‘Areverse Camot cycle requires 3 hp and extracts energy from a lake to heat a house, Ifthe house is kept at 70°F and requires 2000 Btu per minute, what isthe temperature ‘ofthe take? ©. 30°F 0. 40F 127.2 Btulmin rf 2000 = 530,65») es,5 oy = Tyersy = 12 W = Qa 272 = 2000 - 7,{ 330 228) 0 Liquid ammonia at 2 temperatire of 26°C is avaiable at the expansion vaNe The temperature ofthe vaporizing armenia in he evaporator is °C. Find the percentage igus vaporized while flowing through the expansion valve. Enthaioy (to) Temp.°C Abs PressurekPa Sat Lquid Evap.. Sat. Vapor Pe) i ig bg 462.49 joe 128521458 1033.97 3038 1162014856 ©. 91.08 D. ase fo0a". 12852 x = 902%REFRIGERATION ‘A refrigeration system using R-22 has a capacity of 320 kw of refrigeration, The ‘evaporating temperature is minus 10 degree C and the condensing temperature is 40 degree C. Calculate the fraction of vapor in the mixture before the evaporator. Properties of R-22 are: At-10 degree C hg = 401.60 klk ty = 188.426 kg ‘A140 degree C hy = 249.686 Kitkg ‘A 0287 ©. 0245 8 0315 0. 0207 From R-22 Table: AtTens = 40°C: hs = hy = 249.686 kilkg AtToe = 10°C: by = 188.426 Kika y= 401 555 kha Fectmottiog process ha = (hv + xhgle 249,686 = 188.426 + x(401.555 - 188.426) x= 0287 Answer A. 0.287 REFRIGERATION. “Ton of refrigeration isa unit equivalent to: A504 kealisec ©. 3413 kash 1B. 12660 kN-mine 1, 2545 Btulhr A Ton Ref = 3.516 kulsec 2516 I, 3600 880 42,500 KsMne or kN ‘sec hr Anpwer — B.12660 kNem/hr EEE ‘A140 mm x 140 mm single effect, twin-cylinder, single acting Freon 12 compressor ‘vith a refigeration capacity of 40 kw operates between a discharge pressure of 1300 Pa and a suction pressure of 350 kPa. The speed of the compressor is 600 rpm. If the discharge pressure shall be raised to 1400 kPa, at what speed (rpm) ‘should the ‘compressor be run to produce the same refrigeretion capacity and assuming the ‘volumetric efficiency to remain the seme? Freon 12 Properties: ‘AL S50 kPa h = 189.023 kulkg v = 0.04923 cu. mhgDWER AND INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING AL1300 kPa. b= 211.314 kia hf = 87-796 kilkg (At 1400 kPa, h = 213.692 kJKg ht = 91,355 kilkg A 610 © 620 B 615 D. 630 ‘Solving for the volumetric efficiency, discharge pressure of 1300 kPa and Speed of 600 rpm: Refrigerating Effect = mihy he) 40 = (189.023 - 87.796) m = 039515 kg/sec Vs = my = 0.39515(0.04893) = 0.01949 m/sec Vo (3) DANK iF (J oore40 (2) x 2 = 0.04310 m/sec peri Vp 7 00810 (600) oo my = = 0.48217 Solving the new speed N' when the discharge pressure is raised to 1400 kPa: Refrigerating Effect = mh: - hy!) 40 = mi(189.023 - 91.385) im = 0.40955 kg/sec mv; = 0.40951(0.04933) = 0.02020 m*isec ose17 = Vo! = 0.04467 m’/sec N oousr = (*)ioo? @.40( NO = 62mm Answer 6. 6202 TS ‘The evaporative condenser of an ammonia refrigeration plant has a water flow rate of 126 kgs per second and enters a natural draft cooling tower at 40°C. The water is ‘copied to 29°C by air entering at 38°C db and 24°C wb. The air leaves the tower 2s, Saturated at 40°C db. Calculate the make-up water required in kgs. per hour. Water properties: ALO'C, hf = 167.48 kiko At 29°C, hg = 121.43 klkg ‘Air Properties: ‘AL 38°C db and 26°C wo h = 725KIhg w = 0.0139 water vapor per kg cry ai At 40°C do saturated fh = 168 kik W = 0.0488 kg water vapor per kg dry air A e977 © 8004 8 8599 ©. e388 Heat balance in the cooling tower: Heat absorbed by air = Heat rejected by water math =a) = ma Coad Tw m4(166- 72.5) = 126(4.187)(40 -26) m, = 62.1 kgisec me = mass flow rate of make-up water m(Ws_- Ws) 62.1(.0488 - 0.013) 2.22318 kg/sec = 8003.45 kgihr make-up water Answer 6. 8004 ED What isthe coefficient of a vapor compression refrigeration system having the folowing data. Enthalpy entering the compressor is 181.79 kJg; enthalpy after ‘compression work is 207.3 kuikg. after concensation the enthalpy is 68 2 kJkg and throttied from 0.19 MPa to 0:18 kPa, A 584 c 48s 0.86POWER AND INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING EEE ‘The refrigerating capacity of R-12 system is 22 kw. Compressor power is 7.8 hp, Determine the COP of the refrigeration system, A378 ©. 222 B Deo ©. 135 com = & i Tae) Answer A378 TREES A refrigeration cycle has a coefficient of performance of 5. The power input to the. ‘Compressor is 5 kw. Compute the rate of heat rejection from the refrigerant to the environment A 10kw Shw 0 kw 5B SOkw W. + Oy 5 +25 = 30kw Anewer _B. 30kw EEE {na ceigeration cycle, the heat rejected in the condenser is 150 kw and the Coefficient of performance is 3, Find the refrigerating effect. A125 kw C. 4851 kw B. 250.5 kw D. 600 kw = 1125 kW Arwen A. 1125 kw aE A refrigerating machine has the capebiity of producing a cooling effect of 4500 keat Per hour. What isthe refrigerating load in tons of refrigeration? A 0.45 T0R ©. 1.48 TOR B. 0.95 TOR D. 225 TORREFRIGERATION A071 «5.25 kw Antwer _C.1.48TOR EE A reversed Carnot cycle is operating under the temperature limits -10°C end 20°C. Find the COP. © 12 D156 EEN “There are 8000 kg of fish tobe cooled from 18°C to -8°C. The specific heat above freezing is 0.7 kealkg-*K and below freezing is 0.30 keal/g-°k wit latent heat of fusion of 61.2 kcal/kg. The freezing temperature is -3°C. Find the heat removed from the prosuct ‘A 351,655 keal ©. 745,789 kcal B. 619,200 keal 1. 899,002 kcal Retigeratng Load = m{Cy(ti=U) + hy + Cyt] B000{0.7(18 +3) + 61.2 +0.(-3+8)] = 619,200 keal Antuer: B. 619,200 kcal EE ‘A efigerating machine that has the capabiity of producing a cooling effect of 3000, kkeal per hour is considered a 4-ton reffigerating machine 3:ton refrigerating machine: 2-ton retrigerating machine ‘Von refigerating machine Refigeraing capaciy = 20008 87H, At «FeatPOWER AND INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING SEES In a refrigeration cycle, the heat rejected in the condenser is 100 kw and the oeficent of performance is 2.56, Find the retrgerating effect. A I719kw © 719 B1N1Skw D EEE ‘One metric ton of fish is to be refrigerated from a temperature of 30°C to -S°C in 10 hours. The freezing temperature is -1°C, the specific heats below and above freezing temperature are 0.4 kilkg-°C and 0.8 kilkg-"C, respectively, and the latent heat is 435 kifkg. Allow 20% additional heat load to compensate for heat losses. Determine the refrigerating load in tons of refrigeration. A 44TOR ©. 3270R B37 TOR D.25T0R Refrigerating Load = miCpy(ts~ i) + hi + Cult) 0 (0 8(30-+ 1) +435 + 04(-145)] 2170420) wt 4TOR Refrigerating Load (TOR) Answer, A 44 TOR EEE A reversed camot cycie is used for cooling. The input work is 12 kw, while the COP is 3.8. Calculate the refrigerating effec in tons of rafigeration A850 © 13 5 108 015 12.97 tons of ref19-26 REFRIGERATION Eo Express on ton of refgereton in catnin Ato C147 8 D. 3516 1 ten of ef = 200 Btumin 200 Btu min 4 Kea min = 50 Answer A. 60.4 REFRIGERATION — 22] What is the coefficient of performance of a Camot refrigeration cyole operating between -10°F and -190°F? A1s ©. 106 B05 Dos erally Wh =190+ 460 ‘A refrigeration plant is rated at 20 ton capacity. How many pounds of air per hour wil itc00! from 90 0 70°F at constant pressure? Cp = 0.24 A 50,000 tar ©. 2,000 tome B. 47,000 ihr . 45,000 Ibmmr mp -t3) fons of Ref = “=PL1—t! Bt 12,000 70.24) (90-70) 72000 = 50,000 ihr 20 Ansurtr: A. 60,000 Ib/hrPOWER AND INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING EEE A refrigeration system produces 150 BTUsiem of cooling. In order to have a rating of ‘ton of refrigeration. What must be the flow rate required to freeze 1 ton of ice in ay? 880 Ibn ©. 360 fomine 8 22 Ibe 8.14 torn 4 ton of tet = 200 BTU/min 200 BTUM/min , 60min Solbe/br 150 BTU/b hr Anwurer: _A.80 Ibmibr Ee Fish weighing 5000 kg witha temperature of 6°C is brought to @ cold storage and wich shall be cooled to -14°C in 24 hours. Find the cooling load required ifthe ‘Specific heat of fish is 0.7 Kcallkg-°C above freezing and 0.3 kcalkg-"C below freezing Which is-2.2°C. The latent heat of freezing is 65.5 kealkg A. 4.46 tons of refrigeration ©. 15,7 tons of refrigeration 8. 6.44 tons of refrigeration D. 19.8 tons of rerigeration Cooling oad = miCpr(tr=&) + hi+ Cpa —t)] (Yor ) + 55.5(4.187) + 0.364.187) Cosingioed = 15.7 kw x BELL = 446 tons ore Ansurer: A. 4.46 tons of refrigeration EEE: ‘A Reversed Camot refrigeration used to produce ice at 0°C, water s av 301°K, brine mixture is 16°C, find the coefficient of performance. A 58s ©. 854 B 485 D. 548 op = Th C167) _ 5 ag Answer A. 686 EE: Determine the power per kw of refrigeration ifthe COP is 42786. A 03372 ©. 07332 8B 0.2337 D. 0.373219-28 REFRIGERATION or kw power 0.2397 SeEeue Power per kw ref Answer: B. 0.2337 EES ‘A refrigeration system operates in a reversed Camot cycle with retigerant high temperature of $0°C, COP of § and capacity of 50 tons. Determine the change of entropy in kslmin-*K A302 ©. 239 B 329 ©. 293 Ref Capacity, Qa = SOtons = 1758 kw cop = % setae W. = 35.16 kw = We+ Qh = 35.16 +1758 = 210.98 kw es 1n ammonia compressor has @ clearance of 5% and a pressure ratio of §. Determine volumetric efciency ik for ammonia is 1.304 A 82.82% ©. 87.82% 5B 89.82% D. as. 87.82% TEED ‘A vapor compression refrigeration system is designed to have a capacity of 100 tons. Its actual COP is 5.86 anc 35% of the power supplied to the compressor is lost in the form of friction and cylinder cooling losses. Determine the motor power in kw. A723 ©. 923 B 823 D623POWER AND INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING Q = 100tons ref = 351.6 hw. cop = & 555 = ie W. = 6okw Motor Power Antuer ©. 92.3 Ee (One thousand kilograms of dressed chicken enter a chiler at 10°C are frozen and chiled to a fina! temperature of +15°C for storage in 24 hours. Compute the product load Specific heat above freezing 32 kukgK ‘Specific heat below freezing Latent heat Freezing Temperature D. 867 kw Product oad = miCpi(t=t) + h + Gatto 1008. (10 = =5) + 250 + 1.6(-5 — -15)] Anpwer A. 3.63 kw Ea ‘A simple vapor compression cycle develops 20 tons of refrigeration which uses ammonia and operates at 24°C(n, = 312.87 kil) condensing temperature and - 18°C(hy = 1439.94 kikg) evaporating temperature. The enthalpy of the refrigerant after the compression is 1657 kilkg. Determine the power per ton of refrigeration ©. 0.6772 kwhton B. 0.5772 kwon ©. 0772 kwhon hy = 1438.04 7 Qe = mihy hy) 70,32 = m(1438.94~ 312.87) m= 0.0824 kg/s 0.0824(1667 ~ 1439.94)REFRIGERATION Power perTon = Me = 254 = 9677 kwiton Answer: _, 0.6772 kwiton EE ‘A R-12 compressor operates between evaporating temperature of 4°C (ng = 353.18 kg, vp = 0.04895) and condensing temperature of 43°C (hy = 2411.6 kilkg) Determine the bore diameter ofthe 4 cylinder, 1000 rpm compressor if the piston ‘speed is 200 meters per minute and actual volumetric efficiency is 82% and ‘higeration load is 25 tons A 750m ©. 85cm B 85cm B. 105m Q, = 25tons = 87.9kw Qy = mh —hy) 879 = m(363.18-241 6) m= 0.7877 kg/s densiy.p=$= = 2042 kgim? Piston Speed = 2LN 200 = 211000) Bora Oey Vo = 0047036 msec vp = Totunc = o.047036 = = 02(0.1) (22°) (4) D = 0.0047 m = 9.47 cn Answer: _C. 956m TEED How many tone of ce can a 20-on ioe plant produce in 24 hours at § deg F from raw water at 80 deg F? A089 © 198 Bia D 23POWER AND IOUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING Cooling Load = miCaxth —t) +h + Gyatt—t (izncok 1.0(80 + 144405032 Feary) = mlL0¢a0 — 32) os(se m = 1167.88 2 x et x24 hrs = 1410s Sed Carnot cycle is operating the temperature limits ~ 8 deg C and 18 deg C Find the COP. A102 c 168 B14 © 192 oa ee Aniwer.” "A. 102 EENIEES ‘The refrigeration system has a refrigeration cycle per kg of 220 kd. The heat required toremove is 630 kh. Calculate the mass crculated per hour. A 3.186 kg ©. 8kg B. 10K9 DB 286k9 REFRIGERATION ‘An ammonia refrigerator operates between 30 deg C condensing temperature and -6 deg C evaporator temperature. Find the quality after expansion, AtG degC: y= 172371 klk hy = 1455.00 kJ ‘At30 deg C: hy = 341,769 kk 486.14 Kg A 951% ©. 13.2% B 1129 D. 18.4% hash hy = he # hig 361.769 = 172.371 + x (1455 172.371) x= 132% Answer:19-32 REFRIGERATION ESIATEED How many fons of ice can a 20-ton ice plant produce in 24 hours? A 20 ¢. 60 5 30 ©. 240 (One (1) ton of rerigeration can produce approximately one (1) ton of ice in 24 hours (or 1 day), “Therefore, 20-1on ice plant (means 20-tons of refrigeration) can produce 20 tons of ice in 24 hours. Answer A. 20 TEE 'A3.5 kg mass of refrigerant is circulated per hour in a refigeration system, whose ‘efhigerating effect is 250 kd per kg. Compute the heat that has to be removed from the system per hour. A. 875 kine ©. 780 ksh B. 465 kulhe . 965 Khe Heat removed from the system = heat absorbed by refrigerants matt) 35 (250) = B75 kur Amgwer —&. 875 kulhr Ee +1000 kilograms of fish at a temperature was placed in a chiler box storage. The product temperature is four degrees. Determine the quantity of heat required to bring the temperature of the fish to is freezing temperature. (Note: specific heat above freezing = 0.76 kcallkg-deg C; specific heat Below freezing = 0.41 kcalkg-deg C; freezing temperature = -2.2 deg C) A. 4712 kcal C, 6213 kcal B, 3082 kcal ©, 5828 kcal Cooling Load = mO,(T:=T) 4000(0.76)(4 +22) 712 keal Answer: A. ATA2 kcal eM ‘A vapor compression cycle has a coefficient of performance of 4.2. The power input {o the compressor is 1.85 kw. Compute the rate of heat rejection from tha refrigerant tothe environment. A651 ©. 543 : B 9.62 D. 468POWER AND INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING Solving forthe head added in the evaporator, Q: @ Solving for the heat rejected by the refrigerant Qe = e+ We = 777 +185 = 962kw Answer B. 9.62 SEEGER “Three tons is tobe stored at a temp. of-10 degree C for 24 hours. The product enters the chile ata temp. are 0.41 Kcalkg degree C and 0.76 Kcal. Kg-degree C respectively, and its latent heat of fusion is 51 Kcallkg. ithe freezing temp of the roduc is -2 2 degree C. Determine the product load in Keal/24/hrs ‘A 153,000 158,019 167.118 D. 10,000 Colts t) + he + Cyt to] tons (20282) — I [0.76073 + 2.2) + 51 40.41(-22 ae = Tiora3422)+ s1v0anc-n2 +10) Q = 167,118 koall24 hrs Aniwer 8, 167,118 TIER ‘Whats the ton of refrigeration required to coo! 15,000 lb of frésh pork froma temperature of 89 degree F to 32 degree F in 24 hours? Specific heal above freezing of fresh pork is 0.68 BTUNb-degree F A. 201 tons ©. 4.1 tons B51 tons. D. 42 tons mo,aT 15,000 nyc09 — az yg (0.68)(89 ~ 32) 24,225 Btulhea9) REFRIGERATION REFRIGERATION A refrigerator is maintained at 5 degree C. Heat is removed from the sto ‘ate of 330 kiimin. What isthe refrigerators Coefficient of Performance if the necessary power input (othe refrigerator is 3.5 KW? A045 C895 5 157 ©. 9428 p= On _ 330 then 35 kw Answer 8. 1.87 REFRIGERATION — 45 ‘A building has to be maintained at 18 degree C at all imes. A heat pump is required for this. When the temperature outside the building drops to -6 degree C, the building loses heat at a rate of 120,000 kithr. Compute the least power necessary to dive the heat pumps. A 48.15 KW ©. 25.06 KW BO.16KW ©Bakw 38.33 kisec a= G Qa- 3333 EEE ‘Arefrigerating machine that is classed as a one-ton machine hes the capacity to produce a cooling effect of A500 keal/ he ©. 300 kcal he B. 3000 keal/ne D. 40 keal hr Leon of ref x ge ial = a Answer B. 3000 koallhr REFRIGERATION — 47] x conduction from the outside tothe inside of a cold storage in ‘one hour. Ifthe temperature and all other conditions are the same, what is the heat Rowing through the cols storage in two hours? A. 600 kd ©. 300 ky B 900k) D. 1200k)POWER AND INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING = 80M x 2irs'= ook Answer: A. 600 kd EEE ‘An air conditioning system has a capacty of 300 kw refrigeration and uses R-12 with evaporating temperature of O°C{hy = 200 Kika, hy = 361.48 kilkg). The mass of flash gas per kilogram of refigerant circulated is 0.2212. Determine the COP ifthe work of ‘Compression is 42 kw. A514 ©. 718 B 614 0 aie cop = Anger 6. 7.44 REE |A2.1 kg of refrigerant is cioulated per hour in a retigeration system, whose reftigeraing effec is 290 kd per kg. Compute the heat that has to be removed from the system per hour A. 203k ©. 609 ksh 509 kr D. 708 kr Qe =mihy—ho) 4 = 2.1(290) = 609 kine Ansurtr: ©. 608 kuin TED ‘An ammonia refrigeration compressor takes its suction ffom the evaporator, at 2 temperature of-20 deg F (-28.9 deg C) and a quality of 95%. The compressor iecharges at 2 pressure of 100 psi (689 6 kPa), iquid ammonia leaves the condenser at 50 dag F (10 deg C). Properties of Ammonia: ‘AL689.5 kPa (teat = 13.9 de9 C) 215 ‘At 10 deg ©, hf = 246.531 {At -28 9 deg C by interpolation 0.49366 Find the heat absorbed by the evaporator in kiko A 13567 ©. 11102 5 12598 D. 10102 y= ht a(hfg)19-36 REFRIGERATION he = hf + xtho-h) 88.5 +0.95(1424.5 - 68.5) 1365.7 kik 248,531 ©. 11402 EES From Problem No. 50, Find the heat ejected tothe condenser kia, A 15685 ©. 13565 B 13218 D 11255 Qe = ha=hs (Qh = 1568 ~ 246.531 = 1921.47 kikg Angwer B.1321.5 EEE From Problem No. 50, Find the COP. A525 8.425 We = ha=hy = 1568-19987 = 211.3 kikg Qa _ 1110.17 cop = SA We A 6.25 From Problem No. 50, Find the horsepower per ton of refrigeration. A 0987 ©, 1.044 B 0.897 D. 1404 = mihi —hy) 3.516 = m(1110.17) m= 0.003167 kg/sec 0,003167(211. 0.746 ton = 0.897 HP/Ton B. 0.897POWER AND INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING REFRIGERATION From Problem No. 50, Determine the qualty of refrigerant upon entering tot evaporator. A 105% ©. 125% 811.5% 0.131% hy = he= hf #xhig 3 = 68.5 + x(1424,5-68.5) An air conditioning plant with a capacity of 400 kw of refrigeration has an evaporating femnperature and condensing temperature of 3 deg C and 37 deg C. respectively. The plant is using Refrigerant 12. R12 Properties AtSdegC: M=20278kikg hg =352.755 kikg v9 = 50.47 Ukg AUST def C:_hf= 236 603 kaka ‘What willbe the mass of flash gas per kg of refrigerant circulated? A 0.119 ©. 0728 80218 hy=he= b+ xhig hs f+ x(hg hf) 235,503 = 202-78 + x(952 x=3411kg REFRIGERATION ~ 56] From Problem No, 85, What is the mass of Refrigerant 12 must be circulated per second? A 3411 kg ©. 441th. B 2411 kg D. S4ttKg Qk = mh — he 400 = m(362.785 ~235.502) m=3411 kgls Aner: A. BA11kg Ee From Problem No. 58, What isthe volume flow at the suction in eu. m per second? A 72 ©. o712 8 218 Bo172REFRIGERATION, =O.172 msec Anger D. OAT2 REFRIGERATION — 56} How much heat is needed to completely vaporize 100 kg of ice at -10°C if the pressure held constant at 200 kPa. (Latent heat of fusion at 200 kPa = 320 kiko, Latent heat of vaporization at 200 kPa = 2202 kilka). A 296.1 MI C405 Ms 5 3205M) D. 345.0 MJ Heat to vaporize ica == = miCpxtt— toh. + Cpa = 100(2.093(0 -- 10) + 320 + 4.187/100-0) +2202} 296,163 kJ = 296.1 MJ A. 296.1 MJ EEE ‘Aton of refrigeration in Btu/24 hs: ‘A. 288,000 8. 28.600, 1 TOR = 12,000 BY x24 hr 4TOR = 288,000 —BtY_ 24 hws Answer: A. 288,000 TE ‘An R-12 refrigeration system has a retigerating load of 50 tons of refrigeration. The lowing enthalpies in kJ/kg have seen found at condenser entrance = 372. exit = ‘at evaporator entrance = 239, exit = 353, Find the compressor power in kw. Qe=mih—hy) '50(3.516) = m(353 239) 1542 kaise 542(372 ~ 363) W.=293kw Argon: _D. 29.3POWER AND INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING EES A refrigeration cycle has a Coefficient of Performance of 5. The power input to the ‘compressor is 3 kw. Compute the rate of heat rejection from the refrigerant to the environment A 12kw ©. 18kw D. 20kw Oy = 18kw Antwer 0. 18 kw Ee One thousand kilogram of fish ata temperature of 10 degree C was placed in @chiler ‘box storage. Determine the quantity of heat required to bring the temperature of th fish to its freezing temperature. (Note: Specific heat above freezing = 0.76 kcallkg. deg C: specific heat below freezing = 0.41 kcal/kg-deg C; freezing temperature =-2.2 degree C) A. 6532 kcal ©, 7922 kcal B. 7229 kcal D. 9272 kcal Gy = moQ(Ts = 7) Q, = 1000(0,76)(10- 2.2) x= 9272 keal Anpurer: _D. 9272 kcal Ee Aston nooda AHP to compress vapor reigrant The amour heat pe min sented byte enong als fom he warm seduce e 125940, What ee peromance ote reteratr? mS ce ot 58 : cops 98 = aa We * Fora39-40 REFRIGERATION EEE ‘A refrigeration system operates on an ideal vapor compression using R-12 with a vaporizing temperature of minus 10 degree C and a condensing temperature of 30 degree C. What isthe retigerating capacity in ons of refrigeration i the compressor power is 10 kw? R-12 Properties: ALSO degree C: nf=22854 ng=363.56 n= 375 Al-10degree C: hf= 19082 hg = 347.134 A 142TOR © 115TOR 5.12.1 TOR D. 102 TOR ‘m(37S — 347.134) 3588 k: Qq= m(hi hy) = 0,3586(347.134-228 54) 42.56 kw = 12.1 tons of reftigeration Answer _B. 12.4 TOR EEE ‘A refrigeration plant stored 10 metric tons of eggs at a temperature of 15 degree C. TTo preserve the eggs they have to be cooled at 5 degree C. What is the refrigerator capacity in tons of refrigeration, if its to cooled in 15 hours? The specific hest of 198 above and below freezing is 0.95 kcallkg-deg C and 0.4 kcallka-dea C, ‘eapectively. The latent heat of fusion is 68.5 kcalkg. The freezing temperature of egg is -3 degree C. A. 25 tons ©. 21 tons B23 tons B. 191ons Qe = miCprttr-t) + b+ Cpt te] cy = 101000 posses) +68:5+04(-345)187 }9TOR Anquer: _D. 19tons REFRIGERATION — 69 ‘Magnolia Dairy Products plan must cool 4000 gallons of fresh milk receive from the farm per day ffom an initial temperature of 80 deg F io a temperature of 38 dea F in 5 hours. Ifthe density of mike 8.6 Ibs/galion, specific gravity is 1.03, and specific heat is 0.935 Btu per lb per deg F. What must be the capacity ofthe refrigerating machines in tons? A 20 C25 B23 ©. 30POWER AND INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING. 4000 Gal, 8.6 tbs 4000 Gat, 5.6 1S = 6580 tine Q4=270,177.6 Bluhr (1 TOR= 12,000 Btu) FF Q,=2251 TOR s Anuer B23 ES From Problem No. 66, How much brite must be circulated ifthe change in Temperature is 15 deg R, spectic gravity is 1.182, and specific heat if brine is 0.729 ‘Btu per Ip per deg F A 30GPM © 42Gem D. 95 GPM Answer C. 42GPM REFRIGERATION — 68] ‘A refrigeration plant stored 10 metric ons of eggs at a temperature of 15°C. To preserve the eggs by not spoiling them, they have to be cooled at -8°C. What isthe refrigerating capacity ofthe plant in tons, itis cooled in 12 hours? The specific heat Of the eggs above and below freezing are 0.95 kcallkg-°C and 0.4 kcallkgC, heat of fusion is 68.5 kcallkg. The freezing temperature is - © 844 D. 641 ee vere eae [0.9515 +3) +68.5+0.4(-3+8)}. Q = 848kuisec = 24.1 TOR Answers A24419-42 REFRIGERATION EEE A refrigeration system needs 9 hp to compress a liquid, 1S kw was extracted from the ‘cooled space. What is the coefficient of performance? 6.323 D. 343, @ A reserved carnot cycle is operating under the temperature limits -10 deg C and 288 deg K. Find the COP. A 1052 c. 1252 B 1152 D. 1552 te: cop= th. ~ Ta- Tl 288- +27) Anwurer: 1052 REFRIGERATION — 71 {A refrigerator has a coefficient of performance of 2.5. How much work in kJ must be ‘supplied to this refrigerator frit te reject 900 kJ of heat A 8990 C_369.12 8 987.12 Dy. 257.15 cop = = ee skis Seite: ecules de ioiare mucus aoe reac: A Otkw ©. 153kw B127kw D. 207 kwPOWER AND INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING 9.09 kw Answer A 8A kw EE ‘A reversed Camot cycle is used for cooling The input work is'15 kw, while the COP is 38. Caloulate the retrigerating effect in tons of refrigeration A241 ©. 104 116 ©. 149 EN ‘A San Miquel Corporation processing plant that requires cooling o! \29 gallons per ‘minute of water from 15.6 0 10°C, assume thatthe cooler heat transfer surface area ‘wll enable a 5.5°C differential between the chiled water leaving the cooler and the R= 12 evaporating temperature , also assume that the condenser Neat transfer surface area wil enable 5.5°C differential between the condenser water out and the R-12 condensing temperature, Water be available fr the condensing medium at 254°C inlet and 38°C outlet. Assume no liquid subcooling, or suction gas superteating. Find ~ the Tons of refrigeration A 505 © 808 8 678 D17719 REFRIGERATION m= 13878540) = renehome Cy = 4.187 Kika: at = 156-10 Refrigerating load = 7,5708(4.187\15.6 - 10) = 177.51 KW = 60.49 TOR Anower A. 60.5 In problem No, 74, find the evaporator pressure in pai? Aire enor 8 27 Bae Evaporator temperate = 10-85 = 45% From R12 table 45°, inerpo Evaporator pressure = 957.305 KPa a7 357:308x 42147 = 37.16 psi 1013 ba Answer 0. 374 ESE In problem No. 74, Determine the saturated condensing temperature A 7049 ead 8. 506.97 D 1085 Seturated condensing temperature = 35 +55 = 405°C 2(405)+32 = 104.9% Answer _D. 1049°F REFRIGERATION — 77] In problem No. 74, determine the refrigerating effect in Btu, ADS ©. 49 8 35 370 From R-12 tables and P-h diagram 1 at 45°C = 353-389 Kg 312 hy = byet 40.5% = 230.043 hes hs = 239.043,POWER AND INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING Refrigerating effect = hy —he 353.389 - 239.043 = 114.346 kikg 114.346 HL, BY 9 40 454 Btu KO 1.085 kd) 2.205 Ib . 49 ESD ‘in problem No. 74, find the R-12 weight Now circulated in tomin. A105 C195, 8.135 © 205 Refrigerating Effect = mihs —hy) 177.51 = m(114.946) m = 18523 kgisec = 1.5523 x2.205 x 60 = 205.282 tbimin Answer: 0, 206 REFRIGERATION — 79] In problem No. 74, Determine the theoretical displacement inf’imin assuming effciency equal to 100%, A159 ©. 509 B49 D. 700 From R-12 table: Vs = Mat 4.5°C = 48.2176 Likg Vo = Vy! = mvs = 1.5523(0.04821) = 0.07485 m/sec 0.07485 x 35:31 x60 = 158.58 t*/min Antuner A. 168 EEE Jn problem No. 74, determine the compression ratio. A124 ©. 2.84 5B 184 D. 398 From P-H diagram: ve = 0017 mikg My 0.048217 Compression Ratio. = 2.84 Anwurer 0. 2.84REFRIGERATION EE) In problem No. 74, determine the actual compressor displacement required, f/min (assume clearance of 5%) A155 ©. 175 5 160 D. 195 n= ite-e{ 4b v2) ny = 1+0,05-005(2.84) = 0.9082 = 90.82% 138.383 0.9082 Amine 6.175 EE In problem No. 74, find the actual compressor discharge temperature, °F, with n=1.2 A100 © 131 8.115 D. 150 Vo 174.61 fimin From R12 table at 40.5°C: Pr = 972.58 kPa 1308°F EESIEEE In problem No. 74, determine the compressor size at 1450 rpm (assume bore equal stroke) A. 65inx65in © asinxasin 8 75inx7.5in D. 10inx 10in Vo = =D°LN 4 Leb 17461 = F07011480) D = 05958 = 6.42insay85in Compressor size: 6.5 x6.9in Anawer A. 68inx68inPOWER AND INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING EEE In probiem No. 74, find the horsepowerfton A026 ¢. 577 B 179 D 07 Horsepower required = m(he—hs) = 38:73HP 0.77 hptton REFRIGERATION ~ 8 In problem No. 74, find the condenser water quantty in gpm, A100 C1395 8 125 0. 1795 maCyty= te) = {he mg (4.187)(35 ~ 29.4) 28(372 236.043) gal, 60se0 139.53 gpm mast EER ‘Air at 3525 bar and 550 K is extracted from a jet engine compressor ands to be used im cabin cooling. The extracted aris cooled at a constant pressure heat exchanger ‘down to 423 K. It then expands isentropicaly through a turbine down to 1 bar. The power developed by t ‘mass flow rate is 10 kg/min. Determine the temperature of sir to cabin A 250K ©. 02K 7 D. 200K sjILaniis c. 902K ae In problem No 86, What is the power developed by the turbine in kw? ANd C. 284 8.20.1 ©. 3atREFRIGERATION W = mey(Ts—T.) = 12(.0(423-302) z @ W = 20167 kw Anwer 8. 20.4 EEE In problem No. 86, find the rate of hea transfer in the heat exchanger in kw ANS C24 B 151 D. 290 9 = mots —1) = 2(L0(50-429) = 24467 ew Answers 6. 214 RE 'A mechanical refrigeration system operates on a reversed Carnot cycle. Saturated ‘Vapor leaves the compressor and enters the constant temperature condenser at 90°C ‘and exits from the constant temperature evaporator at -10°C. Ifthe unit provides 2.5 tons of air conditioning, determine the COP. 5 A183 C263 B 201 D385 tes =104273 90-(-10) as TE Inpproblem No. 89, determine the amount of work needed to transfer the heat in ksmin A iat ©. 281 5 181 D. 369 SA w (210) copPOWER AND INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING EEE ‘An ideal mechanical refrigeration cycle operates using HFC 134a as the refrigerant. Saturated vapor enters the compressor at - 10°C. Saturated liquid leaves the ondenser at 2MPa. The mass flow rate through the units 18 kg/min, Determine the work of the compressor in kw. Properties of 124a: AL-10°C: AL2MPa and s = At 2 MPa: A 1375 8 1875 We = (ho — hy) = 13.75 kw A. 1375 {In problem No. 81, Find the refrigeration capacity. A 38 tons ©. 64tons B45 tons D. 75tons Is TOR 4 = mihy—ha) = 45 (290-300) TOR ions Ox = minh) = 72 690-200).TOR = 6.4 Answer: ©. 6.4 tons TEE In problem No. 91, Find the coefficient of performance. A075 ©. 1.63 D. 253 = 163 R134a is compressed from 200 kPa to 1000 kPa in a 83 percent ecient compressor. The condenser existing temperature is 40°C. Calculate the COP.19-50 REFRIGERATION R134a Properties: ‘At 200 kPa: y= 241.3 kulkg 105.29 bslkg 53 = 0.9253 kdlko-K ‘At 1000 kPa and isentropic process: h= 2748 A 24 B34 Faaoteg 2413-10829 a0 oe Answer B34 EES Determine the refrigerant mass fux for 60 tons of refrigeration A. 1.55kgimin C. 83 kgimin B. 10 kg/min D. 105 kalmin Qa=miny—h) 211 =m@2413 - 105.29) m= 1.55 kg/s = 93 kglmin Answer ©. 99 kghmin EES q) HC refrigerant is used in an ideal vapor refrigeration cycle operating between Saturation temperatures of - 20°C in the evaporator and 40°C in the condenser. Calculate the rate of refrigeration ifthe refrigerant flows 60 kaymin, Enthalpy at evaporator ext = 235 kikg Enthalpy at condenser entrance = 277 kilkg Enthalpy at condenser exit = 105 kikg A. 100 kw ©. 130kw B 110kw BD. 150kw (4 = mihy- ha) = (1.0){235 ~ 105) = 130 KW Ansurer: 0. 130 kw em In Problem No, 96, Determine the coefficient of performance, A 24 cat 8 28 0.45POWER AND INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING 39-51 We = m {ha = h) ean cor = 138 C. 182 D. 192 4210746 = 4.59 TEE 4 In Problem No. 96, Determine the coefficient of performance it the cycle is operated a8 a heat pump, A 110 ©. 310 B 210 D. 410 nah, COP = 12 ai hg-hy 277-235 i Answer D. 410 I ‘A vapor compression cycle has a coefficient of performance of §.2. The power input to the compressor is 2 hp. Compute the rate of refrigeration in tons of refrigeration. A 55 c.33 B44 0.22 cop = % 52 = 7% Qk = 776 ho Aniwer