Chapter II

Matrices and
determinants

1-1
Section 1
MATRICES

1-2
 Matrices
Since this matrix has 3 rows
A matrix is a rectangular
array of numbers written and 3 columns, the
within brackets. Here is an dimensions of the matrix
example of a matrix which are 3 x 3.
has three rows and three
columns: The subscripts
give the “address” of each
entry of the matrix. For
example the entry a23 is
found in the second row
and third column
Each number in the matrix
is called an element.
Matrices are comprised of rows and columns:

st
This is a row; the 1 row.

This is an element of the th

This is a column; the 6
matrix (or an “entry” of column.
the matrix).
Transpose of a matrix

1-5
Rules for transposes of matrices

1-6
Equality between matrices

1-7
Special matrices

1-8
Triangular matrix

1-9
 Symmetric and antisymmetric
matrices

Example

Antisymmetric matrix
1-10
 MATRIX OPERATIONS

Addition

1-11
Multiplication by scalar

Difference

1-12
1-13
Rules for matrix addition and
scalar multiplication

1-14
Multiplication of two matrices

1-15
Falk’s scheme

1-16
1-17
Properties of matrix multiplication

1-18
 Example

Find the percentage of customers of firm 1, firm 2 and firm 3 after

the course of the year.

1-19
Solution

1-20
1-21
Orthogonal matrix

1-22
Section 2
DETERMINANT

1-23
Determinant of a matrix

1-24
Examples

1-25
 Laplace’s Theorem

Remark

1-26
Example

1-27
Example

1-28
Sarrus’s Rule (Valid only for n=3)

1-29
Properties of determinant

1-30
Rules of determinant

1-31
Example

1-32
Special cases of determinant

1-33
Solve system of linear eqautions
using determinants

1-34
1-35
Example

1-36
1-37
1-38
 Inverse of a matrix:
Existence of the unique inverse

Remark

1-39
The inverse matrix

1-40
Computing the inverse

1-41
Example 1

1-42
Follow example

1-43
Solving equation by matrix inversion

1-44
Example
Solve the linear system using an inverse matrix

1-45
Rules for calculations with inverses

1-46