Chapter I

Matrices and
determinants

1-1
Section 1
MATRICES

1-2
DEFINITION

1-3
 Matrices are comprised of rows and columns:

 2 5 st
3 4 0 1 This is a row; the 1 row.
 
 −1 6 −3 0 0 1
A=  
 −19 7 2 2 1 8
 3 3 5 1 10 0 


This is an element of the th

This is a column; the 6
matrix (or an “entry” of column.
the matrix).
Transpose of a matrix

1-5
Example of a transpose

 a11 a12   a11 a21 a31 

A = a21 a22  = 
T

a32 
A
a a  a12 a22
 31 32 
1-7
Equality Between matrices

1-8
 Symmetric and antisymmetric
matrices

Example

Antisymmetric matrix

1-9
Special matrices
Diagonal matrix

1-10
Zero matrix

1-11
Triangular matrix

1-12
MATRIX OPERATIONS

Addition

1-13
Multiplication by scalar

Difference

1-14
1-15
RULES FOR MATRIX ADDITION AND SCALAR
MULTIPLICATION

1-16
Multiplication of two matrices

1-17
Example

1-18
Example

1-19
Example

1-20
Exercise 1

Exercise 2

1-21
Falk’s scheme

1-22
1-23
Properties of matrix multiplication

1-24
Find the percentage of customers of firm 1, firm 2 and firm 3 after
the course of the year.
1-25
Transpose of a matrices multiplication

1-27
Orthogonal matrix

1-28
Section 2
DETERMINANT

1-29
Examples

1-30
1-31
 Laplace’s Theorem

Remark

1-32
Example

1-33
Properties of determinant

1-34
1-35
1-36
1-37
Special cases of determinant

1-38
1-39
1-40
1-41
1-42
The inverse matrix

1-43
Existence of the unique inverse

Remark

1-44
Computing The inverse

1-45
Example 1

1-46
Follow example

1-47
Solving equation by matrix inversion

1-48
Example
Solve the linear system using an inverse matrix

1-49
Solving equation by matrix inversion

1-50
1-51
Rules for calculations with inverses

1-52