Physiology and Refraction

Essay

Define hypermetropia. Discuss its clinical features and management

Define Myopia. Enumerate the types,clinical picture, complications and management of

myopia (2)
Short Notes

Hypermetropia (6)

Aphakia

Pseudophakia(2)

Myopia (6)

Pathological myopia, Recent trends in myopia correction (2)

Treatment for myopia

Sturm's conoid(3)

Astigmatism (4)

Presbyopia (3)

Contact Lenses (3)

Short answers

Draw the optical diagram of Emmetropia, Hypermetropia and myopia

Causes of aphakia

Anisometropia

Types of lenses used for correcting astigmatism

Accomodation-changes occurring in the eye

Presbyopia

Two surgical techniques to correct myopia

Conjunctiva & Cornea
Essay

Purulent conjunctivitis

Trachoma (2)

Herpitic Keratoconjunctivitis

Herpes simplex keratitis

Bacterial corneal ulcer (4)

Describe etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of hypopyon

corneal ulcer (7)

Ulcus Serpens
Short Notes

Pneumococcal Conjunctivitis

Angular conjunctivitis

Causes for blindness - management of trachoma

Trachoma (2)

Pannus

Follicular Conjunctivitis

Vernal keratoconjunctivitis

Ophthalmia neonatorum (5)

Allergic conjunctivitis

Spring catarrh (8)

Etiology, sings and treatment of phlyctenular conjunctivitis

Recurrent pterygium.

Pterygium (2)

Treatment for pterygium

SCH

Describe anatomy of cornea

Organisms invading normal corneal epithelium

 Organisms invading normal corneal epithelium

Hypopyon Corneal ulcer

Prevention and management of corneal ulcer perforation

Management of fascicular ulcer

Cause and management of geographical ulcer

Fungal Keratitis (2)

Fungal corneal ulcer (2)

Keratomycosis

Clinical features of viral keratitis(2)

Clinical features and management of herpes simplex keratitis (2)

Dendritic Ulcer (3)

Disciform Keratitis

Herpes Zoster ophthalmicus

Acanthamoeba keratitis(3)

Exposure keratitis (2)

Interstitial Keratitis

Keratoconus (5)

Corneal opacity

Corneal Vascularisation

Indications of keratoplasty

Keratoplasty (2)
Short Answers

Phlycten

Two difference between pterygium and pseudopterygium

Differential diagnosis of limbal nodule

Name the layers of cornea

Mention two gram negative microorganisms

Two bacterial organisms which can penetrate intact cornea

Name the common fungi which frequently produce hypopyon corneal ulcer
Name the common fungi which frequently produce hypopyon corneal ulcer

Common fungi affecting the cornea

Viral infection of cornea

Two anti-fungal drugs

Two difference between corneal opacity and corneal ulcer

Preservation of donor cornea

Indications and types of keratoplasty(2)

Sclera & Uveal Tract
Essay

Anterior uveitis

What is the differential diagnosis for acute red eye? Describe the clinical features and
management acute anterior uveitis (Iridocyclitis).

Etiopathogenis of Acute iridocyclitis. How will you manage (8)

DD for Red Eye?

Short note

Nodular episcleritis

Episcleritis (2)

Scleritis

Scleromalacia perforans

Staphyloma(4)

Classify uveitis and describe the management of acute iridocyclitis(2)

I0P in iridocyclitis

Keratic Precipitates (6)

Aqueous flare

Ring synechiae

Posterior synechiae

Red Eye

Granulomatous uveitis- Clinical features and management

Hypertensive iridocyclitis

Endophthalmitis(11)

What is evisceration? Give two indications for evisceration (2)

Short answers

Two systemic diseases associated with scleritis

Iris nodules

Rubeosis Iridis(2)

Name the two syndrome associated with uveitis

Name the two syndrome associated with uveitis

Name joint disorder often associated with uveitis

Two differences between granulomatous and

non-granulomatous uveitis

Two features of granulomatous uveitis

Intravitreal drugs used in Endophthalmitis

Two indications for paracentesis

Lens & Glaucoma
Essay

Congenital cataract (2)

Acquired Cataract? Describe the clinical features diagnosis and management of senile
cataract (3)

Mention the causes of gradual loss of vision and discuss the management of senile
cortical cataract(2)

Causes for painless progressive loss of vision?Details about mature cataract?

Uniocular Cataract ?

59 year old male c/o Gradual diminution of vision. Causes and investigations? (2)

Enumerate the pre-operative investigations for cataract surgery

Buphthalmos

Chronic Simple Glaucoma

Define Glaucoma - Describe the clinical features and investigations and treatment of
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) (6)

Causes for sudden painful loss of vision? Details about acute congestive stage of angle
closure

glaucoma (6)

Differential diagnosis of red eye. How will you mange acute congestive glaucoma (3)

Clinical features and management of acute congestive glaucoma

Short note

Lamellar / Zonular cataract (3)

Brown cataract

Complicated Cataract (7)

Clinical features of complicated cataract

Retinal function test

IOL (3)

Post operative complications of cataract surgery (2)

After cataract (4)

Subluxation of lens (2)

 Subluxation of lens (2)

Circulation of Acquous humour

Clinical features and management of congenital glaucoma (2)

Buphthalmos (2)

Chronic simple Glaucoma

Siedel's Scotoma

Describe field defects in chronic

simple Glaucoma with diagram

Field defects in primary open angle glaucoma

Medical treatment of primary open angle glaucoma (2)

acute congestive Glaucoma

Iris Bombe

Management of acute congestive Glaucomatous attack (2)

Management of absolute glaucoma(2)

Lens induced glaucoma (6)

Mech of Secondary glaucoma in iridocyclitis

Iridectomy (3)
Short answers

Probable causes for congenital cataract (2)

Difference between cupuliform cataract an cuneiform cataract

Hypermature cataract

Two causes of complicated cataract

Two main advantages of phacoemulsification(2)

Phacoemulsification

Advantages of phacoemulsification

Name the parameters used to calculate intraocular lens power

Two treatment modalities for posterior capsular opacification

Two syndromes associated with subluxated lens (2)

Two syndromes associated with subluxated lens (2)

Four causes for dislocate lens (2)

What is ocular hypertension?

What is buphthalmos

Four visual field defects in open angle glaucoma

What is scotoma and its types?

Newer drugs in glaucoma (2)

Name two eye drops used to treat open angle glaucoma

Use of fincham test

Type of Iridectomy

Two types of surgery for glaucoma (2)

Neuro, Retina &Vitreous
Essay

Describe the classification,clinical features of hypertensive retinopathy?

Diabetic retinopathy (4)

Retinitis pigmentosa (2)

Define Retinal detachment, Etiology types, clinical features, investigations and treatment
of Retinal detachment (4)

60 Year Old Male C/o Unilateral Sudden loss of vision. Investigations ?

DD for amaurotic cat's Eye Reflex ? Details about Retinoblastoma

Ocular manifestations of common neurological disorders ?

Optic Neuritis

Write an essay on optic atrophy & its management

Short note

Vitreous Hemorrhage(2)

Central Retinal artery occlusion (6)

Funds picture in central retinal artery occlusion

Fundus findings in central retinal vein occlusion

Central Retinal Vein Occlusion

Funds picture of hypertensive retinopathy (3)

Diabetic Retinopathy (5)

Retinopathy of prematurity

Stages of retinopathy of prematurity

Photocoagulation

Retinitis Pigmentosa (3)

Describe the fundus picture in Retinitis pigmentosa(2)

Retinal Detachment

Retinoblastoma (3)

Stages of retinoblastoma

Leukocoria in children
 Leukocoria in children

Discuss differential diagnosis of leucocoria

Amaurotic cat's eye reflex

Pseudoglioma

Pupillary reflexes

How will you test pupil? Why it is important?

Marcus Gunn Pupil

Abnormalities of pupillary reflex

Optic neuritis

Optic Neuritis

Retrobulbar optic neuritis (3)

Papillitis

Toxic optic neuropathies

Papilloedema(4)

Optic Atrophies (2)

Types of optic atrophy

Papilloedema(4)

Optic Atrophies (2)

Types of optic atrophy

Funds picture in papilloedema

Color Blindness

Extraocular Muscles

Diplopia
Short answers

Types of central retinal vein occlusion

Fundus in Grade 4 hypertensive retinopathy

Clinical features of retinitis pigmentosa

Two causes of defective dark adaptation

Two causes of defective dark adaptation

Two syndromes associated with retinitis pigmentosa(2)

Two causes of sudden painless loss of vision

Write about retinal detachment (2)

Mention different surgeries for Retinal Detachment

What is the characteristics histopathology of Retinoblastoma?

Filed defect in occipital lobe infarct

Four differences between papilledema and papllilitis

Two differences between papillitis and papilloedema (2)

What are the characteristics of physiological cup of optic nerve head?

Diagnostic criteria of acute retrobulbar neuritis

Two drugs causing Toxic optic retinopathy

Mention two causes of toxic optic neuropathies

Name two tests for colour vision (3)

Action and nerve supply of lateral rectus muscle

Extra ocular muscles supplied by third cranial nerve

Nerve supply and action of superior oblique

Classify diplopia with one example for each

Two risk factors for Retinopathy of Prematurity(ROP).

Two causes for Amblyopia

Two causes for Roths spots

Eyelid, LA & Orbit
Essay

Etiology, clinical features and treatment of chronic Dacryocystitis (2)

Acute Dacryocystitis

Contusion injuries eye

Blunt trauma Eye? Explain Traumatic Cataract (2)

Short note

Esophoria

Hordeolum (2)

Draw cross section of the upper lid anatomy

Ulcerative Blepharitis

Aetiology and complications of blepharoptosis

Blepharaitis (3)

Chalazion(4)

Entropion (4)

Ectropion (3)

Symblepharon(2)

Lagophthalmos(4)

Ptosis (2)

Malignant tumours of the eye lid

Anatomy of lacrimal drainage system

Dry Eye

Chronic dacryocystitis(4)

Congenital dacryocystitis

acute dacryocystitis

Proptosis

Orbital cellulitis (6)

Thyroid eye disease

 Thyroid eye disease

Blunt Injuries eye - Effects

Iridodialysis(2)

Chalcosis

Sympathetic Ophthalmitis(7)

Applied Anatomy of Eye lids

Short answers

Two differences between paralytic squint and concomitant squint

Draw diagram of cross section of upper lid

Elevators of upper lid and their nerve supply

Hordeolum externum and its management

What is Entropion? Different types of Entropion

Causes of Entropion

Causes of symblepharon (2)

Define ptosis

What is ptosis? Name two different type of ptosis (2)

Describe the layers and functions of tear film (2)

Describe the layers of tear film

Treatment of Chronic dacryocystitis

Two complications of acute dacryocystitis

Two causes of Bilateral Proptosis

Two causes of axial proptosis

Mention four signs of thyroid ophthalmopathy

What is siderosis ? What is chalcosis?

Write about siderosis bulbi

Two investigations for intraocular foreign body

Community Oph & others
Essay

Causes for night blindness? Explain Keratomalacia

Common causes for blindness? NPCB

Short note

Anti glaucoma drugs(2)

Timolol Maleate

viscoelastics

Describe uses of fluorescein in ophthalmology

Lasers in ophthalmology(2)

Cryo

Xerophthalmia (3)

Ocular manifestations and management of Vitamin A deficiency

Clinical features, prophylaxis and management of Vitamin A deficiency

Ocular Manifestations of VitA deficiency

WHO Classification of Vit A deficiency

Keratomalacia(2)

Night Blindness (2)

Nyctalopia

Legal blindness (2)

Types of blindness? WHO definition ?

Common causes of blindness in India

Vision 2020 (5)

WHO classification of Trachoma

National Programme for control of blindness(2)

District blindness control society

Corneal blindness

Eye banking
 Eye banking

Functions of eye bank

Cherry Red Spot (3)

Homoatropine

Atropine (3)

Mydriatics and cycloplegics

Indirect Ophthalmoscopy

Indications for Enucleation

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

Eye camps

Tonometry
Short answers

Two dyes used for corneal staining

Name two procedures done with Nd-YAG laser

Two causes of night blindness

Vitamin A prophylaxis (2)

Treatment schedule for xerophthalmia

WHO definition of blindness

Legal Blindness(3)

WHO classification of Trachoma

Components of SAFE strategy

Curable causes of blindness? What is preventable blindness, give example for each

Mention Three causes for preventable blindness

Two tests to evaluate vision in children

Causes of shallow anterior chamber

Two uses of ultrasound in ophthalmology

Causes of cherry Red spot(4)

Mention four mydriatics

Atropine
Atropine

Cycloplegics

Two cycloplegic drugs (2)

Two types of lenses used to visualise the retina

Daily requirements and dietary sources of Vitamin A.