Lecture: Sept.

25, 2023

Components of Urban Planning

 Lecture
Contents
I. The specific concerns
of planning
II. Components of
Planning
III. Considering the
Whole
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I. THE SPECIFIC
CONCERNS OF
PLANNING
(according to Levy)

Q. What specifically
might a community
seek to achieve
through planning?
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• In a growing community planners might be concerned with:

1. Shaping the pattern of the growth to achieve a sensible and
attractive land use pattern. This means:
A. Avoiding both oppressively dense development and overly
scattered and fragmentary development.
B. Encouraging a pattern of development which gives
residents ready access to recreational, cultural, school,
shopping and other facilities.
 • It means having a street pattern
which is convenient to use and
through which traffic flows without
excessive congestion.
C. It means separating incompatible
land uses and activities, for
example, high intensity
commercial activity from
residential areas.
• In modern planned community it
might mean providing a system of
pathways so that pedestrian and
bicycle traffic is separated from
automobile traffic.
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2. The community’s planners
will also be concerned with
the location of public
facilities like schools, and
social service centers both
for convenience of the
people served and to
reinforce the development
of a desirable land use
pattern.

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• If the community anticipates
and desires significant
industrial or commercial
development, its planners will
be concerned with seeing
that sufficient convenient
located blocks of land are
available and that these
blocks are served with
adequate roads, water and
sewer facilities.
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3. In an older community which is not
growing and does not anticipate growth,
planners maybe primarily with preserving
or improving that which now exists. Thus,
the planners may focus on measures to
preserve the quality of the housing stock.
• In many communities' planners will also
be concerned with housing cost
questions and specifically, how to provide
housing for community’s lower income
residents.
• In many older communities' planners
devote much effort to preserving
historic buildings and other landmarks.
• If the community is concerned (as many
are) about the health of its downtown,
planners may be involved in
implementing street improvements and
other changes designed to help
downtown business compete
successfully with establishments in
outlying areas.
4. In a community which
faces a serious
unemployment problem,
economic development
may be a major task of the
planners. Much of their
effort may be devoted to
creating conditions which
encourage existing
industry to remain and
expand and new firms to
locate within the
community.
5. In recent years much planning effort has
focus on environmental damage.
For example, a planner might be
concerned with evaluating the relative
environmental merits and financial costs
of landfill disposal versus incineration
for a municipality’s solid wastes and then
with helping to select the best site.
• Planners employed by regional
planning organizations may be
concerned with improving the region
wide road network, with acquiring or
developing land for a region wide park
and open space system, or with
improving region wide sewage
disposal and water systems.
• They will also be concerned with encouraging
coordination between the planning efforts of the
various municipalities in the region to avoid
duplication of capital facilities and interference effects
(for example, community A siting its landfill operation
at a point where it borders a residential area in
community B).
• The above is far from a complete listing. It is simply
meant to give some feeling for the range of planning
issues.
 II. Components of
Planning
I. Physical Planning Component
II. Economic Planning Component
III. Socio-Cultural Planning
Component
IV. Transportation & Utility Planning
Component
V. Legal & Administrative Planning
Component
 I. Physical Planning

A. Site analysis & Land use

a. Residential b. Commercial
c. Industrial d. Institutional
e. Recreational f. Open space
g. Parks/playground h. Agricultural
i. Forest j. Special Uses
B. Site Development
a. Subdivision
b. Landscaping (earth works)
c. Parks
d. Community Facilities
e. Utilities
f. Roads
C. Environment
Bridge
 II. Economic Planning

A. Livelihood Component
B. Financial Component
C. Budgetary Allocation Component
III. Socio-Cultural
Planning

A. Health
B. Academic
C. Tourism
D. Security/safety
E. History/heritage
 IV. Transportation
Planning
(2) Two parts
A. Software
a. Traffic management programs
b. Rules & regulations
c. Policies
d. Conferences/
training/seminars
B. Hardware
a. Roads/Bridges
b. Signage
c. Traffic lights
 V. Utilities System

a. Water distribution/supply
b. Drainage
c. Garbage/Sewage/treatment facilities
d. Electrical
d.1. Power/supply
d.2. Lighting
d.3. Communications
e. Mechanical
 How Are Planners
Educated?

• (3) Three main degrees are awarded in

the field. The first is an undergraduate
degree in planning.
• Many with undergraduate degrees will go
on to receive a master's degree in
planning. However, planners with
undergraduate degrees do work in
planning practice, often in entry level
positions.
 In the United
States of America:
• A degree from a Planning
Accreditation Board (PAB)
accredited university in Urban
Planning or City and Regional
Planning is the most thorough
educational preparation for the
planning field.
• PAB accredits undergraduate
programs.
Secondly, A master's-level
graduate degree is
considered the standard for
those who are
planning practitioners.
• Some planning graduate
students have an
undergraduate degree in
planning, but others may have
studied geography, urban
studies, architecture, or
sociology.
• PAB also accredits master's
degree programs in planning.
• When hiring for professional planning
positions, many organizations require or
give strong preference to candidates
holding graduate degrees.
• In 2004, 43 % of all APA members (note:
approximately one-sixth of the APA
members are planning commissioners,
officials, or students, who do not have a
degree in planning) had earned a master's
degree in planning.
• Many employers also give
preference to those who are
certified by the American
Institute of Certified
Planners (AICP).
• The third level of
planning degree is the
Ph.D. Most often, those who
obtain a Ph.D. in planning
pursue a career in academia
or with research or policy
institutions. Ph.D. programs
in planning are not certified
by PAB.
III. Considering the Whole
• One of Canada's important planners
at the beginning of this century,
Thomas Adams, regarded good
planning as "the conservation of life
and economy in the system of
developing land."
• The best planners need many skills to
make sure all considerations are met
during a project.
1. Research • Planners measure and analyze statistical
information for its implication.
• They examine actions to understand
their intended and real effect.
 2. Integration
• Planners integrate the goals of sustainable
development, good government and
economic viability when evaluating proposals
and strategies.
• They may work for the public or the private
sector, but ultimately their work becomes
part of or a promoter to public policy.
• Planners' work balances various private
interests with the public interest and
identifies viable, workable options.
 3. Process
• Planners employ diverse and
thorough consultations as
part of their research to
ensure that as many voices
as possible are heard and
considered during the
planning process.
 4. Results

• The implementation of any plan, however well thought out,

involves changes, and change does not always come easily.
• Planners strive to develop clear plans for action and
implement ongoing evaluations of successes and failures as
part of their work.
• With increasingly complex
urban challenges, planners
need a set of skills and
talents that includes
knowledge of land, air and
water resources,
employment trends, cultural
diversity and associated
issues, the use and needs of
new technologies, and
conflict resolution.
• There are many tools, both well
established and state of the art,
used in the planning process:
Vision and strategy sessions
of interested groups.
Ideas fairs to bring together
the best of new concepts.
Computer simulations and
scale models of plans.
Design workshops.
Social and environmental
impact analysis.
END!
 References
• Personal notes
• http://www.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=
Physical+Planning
• http://www.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=
Site+Development
• http://www.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=
Economic+Planning
• http://www.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=
socio-cultural+Planning
• http://www.google.com.ph/imglanding?q=
transportation+planning