CULTURAL VARIATION

CULTURAL RELATIVISM
ETHNOCENTRISM
By: ROSE ANN MANALO- ESCARO, LPT
 LEARNING COMPETENCY

Explain the standard of

cultural relativism in attaining
cultural understanding
 CULTURAL VARIATION
•refers to the rich diversity in social
practices that different cultures exhibit
around the world. Music, language,
dance, cuisine and art all change from
one culture to the next, but so do gender
roles, economic systems, and social
hierarchy among any number of other
humanly organized behavior
 CULTURAL VARIATION

•refers to the different social

behaviors that different cultures
exhibit around the world
•Affected by man’s geographical
set up and experiences
 What may be considered
good etiquette in one
culture may be considered
bad etiquette to another.
 CULTURAL VALUES

A culture's values are its

ideas about what is good,
right, fair, and just.
REAL CULTURE IDEAL CULTURE
REAL CULTURE IDEAL
refers to the CULTURE refers to
values and the values and
norms that a norms that a
society actually society professes
follows. to believe.
 IDEAL VS REAL
An example of an ideal value is
the idea of marriage and
monogamy based on romantic
love . In reality, many marriages
are based on things other than
romantic love (such as money,
convenience, or social
expectation), and many end in
divorce. While monogamous
marriages based on romantic
love certainly do exist, such
marriages are not universal,
despite our value ideals.
 CULTURAL DIVERSITY
Presence of multiple
cultures and cultural
differences within a
society.
CULTURAL RELATIVISM
 CULTURAL RELATIVISM
There is no moral
standards of right and
wrong and good or bad
for evaluating cultural
phenomena.
 CULTURAL RELATIVISM
What is right in one place
can be wrong in another
place.
Standards is relative to the
culture in which they
appear.
 CULTURAL RELATIVISM
The attempt to judge behavior according to
its cultural context.
The principle that an individual persons
beliefs and activities should be understood
by others in terms of that individual own
culture.
The central point in cultural relativism is that in
a particular setting certain traits are right
because they work in that setting while others
traits are wrong because they clash painfully
with the parts of that culture.
 ETHNOCENTRISM
Judging another culture solely by
the values and standards of ones
own culture.
Evaluation of other cultures
according to preconceptions
originating in the standards and
customs of one's own culture.
Belief of superiority in one’s personal
ethic group.
 XENOCENTRISM
a culturally based tendency to
value other cultures more highly
than one’s own, which can
materialize in a variety of
different ways.
preference for the products,
styles, or ideas of someone else's
culture rather than of one's own
Cultural Relativism mitigates
Ethnocentrism
All culture is valuable and no
one is better than another
 Cultural relativism promotes greater
appreciation of the cultures that an individual
might encounter
Cultural relativism is a good way to rehearse
the norms and values of a society
Functions and meaning of a trait are relative to its
cultural setting
 SOCIAL
DIFFERENCES
 SOCIAL DIFFERENCES
•The differences among the
individuals on the basis of social
characteristics and qualities

•include class, race, culture, age,

ability, sex etc.
 GENDER
•range of characteristics pertaining to, and
differentiating between, masculinity and
femininity

•gender role is a set of

societal norms dictating the types of
behaviors which are generally considered
acceptable, appropriate, or desirable for
people based on their actual or
perceived sex or sexuality
 RELIGION
•any cultural system of
designated behaviors and
practices, world views, texts,
sanctified places, ethics, or
organizations, that relate
humanity to the supernatural or
transcendental
 ETHNICITY
•category of people who identify
with each other based on
similarities such as common
ancestral, language, social,
cultural or national experiences
•an inherited status based on the
society in which one lives.
 ETHNICITY
Membership of an ethnic group
tends to be defined by a shared
cultural heritage, ancestry, origin
myth, history, homeland, language
or dialect, symbolic systems such as
religion, mythology and ritual,
cuisine, dressing style, art, and
physical appearance.
 NATIONALITY

Legal relationship between a

person and a state
Status of belonging to a
particular nation
 SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS
•social standing or class of an
individual or group
•an economic and sociological
combined total measure of a person's
work experience and of an
individual's or family's economic and
social position in relation to others,
based on income, education, and
occupation