effect of immigration on total employment: establishes that

imigrants contribute to employment growth and do not crowd out natives

test of overid restriction Column 3

> 00) i.year i.statefip [aw=empl] if year>1960, robust cluster(statefip)
i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted)
i.statefip _Istatefip_1-56 (naturally coded; _Istatefip_1 omitted)
(sum of wgt is 4.9689e+08)

Instrumental variables (2SLS) regression Number of obs = 255

F( 4, 50) = .
Prob > F = 0.0000
R-squared = 0.6792
Root MSE = .10077

(Std. Err. adjusted for 51 clusters in statefip)

Robust
d_empl Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]

d_immi_empl 1.092444 .4590243 2.38 0.021 .1704662 2.014421

_Iyear_1970 0 (omitted)
_Iyear_1980 .0133541 .0231978 0.58 0.567 -.0332401 .0599482
_Iyear_1990 -.0697081 .0182966 -3.81 0.000 -.106458 -.0329583

table 2, 2SLS
> 00) i.year i.statefip [aw=empl] if year>1970, robust cluster(statefip)
i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted)
i.statefip _Istatefip_1-56 (naturally coded; _Istatefip_1 omitted)
(sum of wgt is 4.3172e+08)

Instrumental variables (2SLS) regression Number of obs = 204

F( 3, 50) = .
Prob > F = 0.0000
R-squared = 0.6868
Root MSE = .1058

(Std. Err. adjusted for 51 clusters in statefip)

Robust
d_empl Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]

d_immi_empl 1.39064 .5563666 2.50 0.016 .2731446 2.508135

_Iyear_1970 0 (omitted)
_Iyear_1980 0 (omitted)
_Iyear_1990 -.0839653 .0247891 -3.39 0.001 -.1337556 -.034175
_Iyear_2000 -.1536563 .0250352 -6.14 0.000 -.203941 -.1033715

. xi: ivreg d_empl (d_immi_empl= d_immi_imputed bord_dist_70 bord_dist_80 bord_dist_90 bord_dist_00 la_dist_70 la_dist_80 la_dist_90 la_dist_
> 00) i.year i.statefip [aw=empl] if year>1960 & year<2006, robust cluster(statefip)
i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted)
i.statefip _Istatefip_1-56 (naturally coded; _Istatefip_1 omitted)
(sum of wgt is 3.6984e+08)

Instrumental variables (2SLS) regression Number of obs = 204

F( 3, 50) = .
Prob > F = 0.0000
R-squared = 0.6395
Root MSE = .10998

(Std. Err. adjusted for 51 clusters in statefip)

Robust
d_empl Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]

d_immi_empl 1.232862 .2599762 4.74 0.000 .7106841 1.755039

_Iyear_1970 -.0078016 .0238252 -0.33 0.745 -.055656 .0400528
_Iyear_1980 0 (omitted)
_Iyear_1990 -.0841597 .0253679 -3.32 0.002 -.1351126 -.0332068
> i.year i.statefip [aw=empl] if year>1960, robust cluster(statefip)
i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted)
i.statefip _Istatefip_1-56 (naturally coded; _Istatefip_1 omitted)
(sum of wgt is 4.3172e+08)

Instrumental variables (2SLS) regression Number of obs = 204

F( 4, 50) = .
Prob > F = 0.0000
R-squared = 0.7509
Root MSE = .09466

(Std. Err. adjusted for 51 clusters in statefip)

Robust
d_empl Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]

d_immi_empl 1.948787 .6908855 2.82 0.007 .561103 3.336472

d_empl_lag -.3681933 .0856465 -4.30 0.000 -.5402194 -.1961672
_Iyear_1970 0 (omitted)
_Iyear_1980 0 (omitted)
_Iyear_1990 -.0695939 .0185493 -3.75 0.000 -.1068514 -.0323365
_Iyear_2000 -.1808122 .0224731 -8.05 0.000 -.2259508 -.1356736

> tatefip [aw=empl] if year>1960, robust cluster(statefip)

i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted)
i.statefip _Istatefip_1-56 (naturally coded; _Istatefip_1 omitted)
(sum of wgt is 4.9689e+08)

Instrumental variables (2SLS) regression Number of obs = 255

F( 4, 50) = .
Prob > F = 0.0000
R-squared = 0.6796
Root MSE = .10071

(Std. Err. adjusted for 51 clusters in statefip)

Robust
d_empl Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]

d_immi_empl 1.112971 .4668506 2.38 0.021 .1752737 2.050668

_Iyear_1970 -.0127648 .023317 -0.55 0.587 -.0595984 .0340687
_Iyear_1980 0 (omitted)
_Iyear_1990 -.0831636 .0245315 -3.39 0.001 -.1324367 -.0338906
_Iyear_2000 -.1480632 .0249892 -5.93 0.000 -.1982554 -.097871

i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted)

i.statefip _Istatefip_1-56 (naturally coded; _Istatefip_1 omitted)
(sum of wgt is 4.9689e+08)

Instrumental variables (2SLS) regression Number of obs = 255

F( 4, 50) = .
Prob > F = 0.0000
R-squared = 0.8680
Root MSE = .01892

(Std. Err. adjusted for 51 clusters in statefip)

Robust
d_hours_per~r Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]

d_immi_empl .285434 .1109162 2.57 0.013 .0626522 .5082157

_Iyear_1970 0 (omitted)
_Iyear_1980 .1129141 .0114407 9.87 0.000 .0899348 .1358933
_Iyear_1990 .0348725 .0069667 5.01 0.000 .0208796 .0488654
_Iyear_2000 .020578 .008778 2.34 0.023 .0029468 .0382091
_Iyear_2006 -.0097576 .0084174 -1.16 0.252 -.0266644 .0071492
_Istatefip_2 .0523029 .0015901 32.89 0.000 .0491092 .0554966
i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted)
i.statefip _Istatefip_1-56 (naturally coded; _Istatefip_1 omitted)
(sum of wgt is 4.3172e+08)

Instrumental variables (2SLS) regression Number of obs = 204

F( 3, 50) = .
Prob > F = 0.0000
R-squared = 0.8882
Root MSE = .01793

(Std. Err. adjusted for 51 clusters in statefip)

Robust
d_hours_per~r Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]

d_immi_empl .172921 .0963904 1.79 0.079 -.0206847 .3665268

_Iyear_1970 0 (omitted)
_Iyear_1980 0 (omitted)
_Iyear_1990 -.0775453 .0069257 -11.20 0.000 -.091456 -.0636346
_Iyear_2000 -.0899791 .0067674 -13.30 0.000 -.1035717 -.0763864
_Iyear_2006 -.123574 .0066059 -18.71 0.000 -.1368422 -.1103057
_Istatefip_2 .0517468 .0017245 30.01 0.000 .048283 .0552106

. xi: ivreg d_hours_perworker (d_immi_empl= d_immi_imputed bord_dist_70 bord_dist_80 bord_dist_90 bord_dist_00 la_dist_70 la_dist_80 la_dist_
> 90 la_dist_00) i.year i.statefip [aw=empl] if year>1960 & year<2006, robust cluster(statefip)
i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted)
i.statefip _Istatefip_1-56 (naturally coded; _Istatefip_1 omitted)
(sum of wgt is 3.6984e+08)

Instrumental variables (2SLS) regression Number of obs = 204

F( 3, 50) = .
Prob > F = 0.0000
R-squared = 0.8392
Root MSE = .0212

(Std. Err. adjusted for 51 clusters in statefip)

Robust
d_hours_per~r Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]

d_immi_empl .6120226 .1979843 3.09 0.003 .2143595 1.009686

_Iyear_1970 -.1037 .0120763 -8.59 0.000 -.1279561 -.079444
_Iyear_1980 0 (omitted)
_Iyear_1990 -.0794968 .0076716 -10.36 0.000 -.0949057 -.064088
_Iyear_2000 -.099185 .0060594 -16.37 0.000 -.1113556 -.0870143

. xi: ivreg d_hours_perworker (d_immi_empl= d_immi_imputed bord_dist_70 bord_dist_80 bord_dist_90 bord_dist_00 la_dist_70 la_dist_80 la_dist_
> 90 la_dist_00) d_hours_perworker_lag i.year i.statefip [aw=empl] if year>1960, robust cluster(statefip)
i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted)
i.statefip _Istatefip_1-56 (naturally coded; _Istatefip_1 omitted)
(sum of wgt is 4.3172e+08)

Instrumental variables (2SLS) regression Number of obs = 204

F( 4, 50) = .
Prob > F = 0.0000
R-squared = 0.8970
Root MSE = .01727

(Std. Err. adjusted for 51 clusters in statefip)

Robust
d_hours_perworker Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]

d_immi_empl .2793956 .1084889 2.58 0.013 .0614893 .497302

d_hours_perworker_lag -.2892971 .0906666 -3.19 0.002 -.4714062 -.1071879
_Iyear_1970 0 (omitted)
_Iyear_1980 0 (omitted)
_Iyear_1990 -.0425325 .0112748 -3.77 0.000 -.0651787 -.0198864
_Iyear_2000 -.0792754 .0066073 -12.00 0.000 -.0925465 -.0660043
. xi: ivreg d_hours_perworker (d_immi_empl= bord_dist_70 bord_dist_80 bord_dist_90 bord_dist_00 la_dist_70 la_dist_80 la_dist_90 la_dist_00)
> i.year i.statefip [aw=empl] if year>1960, robust cluster(statefip)
i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted)
i.statefip _Istatefip_1-56 (naturally coded; _Istatefip_1 omitted)
(sum of wgt is 4.9689e+08)

Instrumental variables (2SLS) regression Number of obs = 255

F( 4, 50) = .
Prob > F = 0.0000
R-squared = 0.8695
Root MSE = .0188

(Std. Err. adjusted for 51 clusters in statefip)

Robust
d_hours_per~r Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]

d_immi_empl .2423443 .0814394 2.98 0.004 .0787685 .4059202

_Iyear_1970 -.114151 .0107624 -10.61 0.000 -.1357679 -.0925342
_Iyear_1980 0 (omitted)
_Iyear_1990 -.0778287 .0068861 -11.30 0.000 -.0916599 -.0639975

. xi: ivreg d_h (d_immi_empl= d_immi_imputed bord_dist_70 bord_dist_80 bord_dist_90 bord_dist_00 la_dist_70 la_dist_80 la_dist_90 la_dist_00)
> i.year i.statefip [aw=empl] if year>1960, robust cluster(statefip)
i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted)
i.statefip _Istatefip_1-56 (naturally coded; _Istatefip_1 omitted)
(sum of wgt is 4.9689e+08)

Instrumental variables (2SLS) regression Number of obs = 255

F( 4, 50) = .
Prob > F = 0.0000
R-squared = 0.9472
Root MSE = .04001

(Std. Err. adjusted for 51 clusters in statefip)

Robust
d_h Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]

d_immi_empl -1.161098 .2530501 -4.59 0.000 -1.669364 -.6528315

_Iyear_1970 0 (omitted)
_Iyear_1980 .1795479 .0228367 7.86 0.000 .133679 .2254167
_Iyear_1990 .1432646 .019217 7.46 0.000 .1046661 .1818631
_Iyear_2000 -.0832008 .0252212 -3.30 0.002 -.1338591 -.0325425
_Iyear_2006 -.1946625 .0209491 -9.29 0.000 -.23674 -.1525849

. xi: ivreg d_h (d_immi_empl= d_immi_imputed bord_dist_70 bord_dist_80 bord_dist_90 bord_dist_00 la_dist_70 la_dist_80 la_dist_90 la_dist_00
> ) i.year i.statefip [aw=empl] if year>1970, robust cluster(statefip)
i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted)
i.statefip _Istatefip_1-56 (naturally coded; _Istatefip_1 omitted)
(sum of wgt is 4.3172e+08)

Instrumental variables (2SLS) regression Number of obs = 204

F( 3, 50) = .
Prob > F = 0.0000
R-squared = 0.9725
Root MSE = .03147

(Std. Err. adjusted for 51 clusters in statefip)

Robust
d_h Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]

d_immi_empl -.9073942 .2310255 -3.93 0.000 -1.371422 -.4433659

_Iyear_1970 0 (omitted)
_Iyear_1980 0 (omitted)
_Iyear_1990 -.0371311 .0103822 -3.58 0.001 -.0579844 -.0162777
_Iyear_2000 -.2677727 .0095433 -28.06 0.000 -.286941 -.2486044
_Iyear_2006 -.371782 .0088219 -42.14 0.000 -.3895013 -.3540628
. xi: ivreg d_h (d_immi_empl= d_immi_imputed bord_dist_70 bord_dist_80 bord_dist_90 bord_dist_00 la_dist_70 la_dist_80 la_dist_90 la_dist_00)
> i.year i.statefip [aw=empl] if year>1960 & year<2006, robust cluster(statefip)
i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted)
i.statefip _Istatefip_1-56 (naturally coded; _Istatefip_1 omitted)
(sum of wgt is 3.6984e+08)

Instrumental variables (2SLS) regression Number of obs = 204

F( 3, 50) = .
Prob > F = 0.0000
R-squared = 0.9075
Root MSE = .04671

(Std. Err. adjusted for 51 clusters in statefip)

Robust
d_h Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]

d_immi_empl -1.587152 .3699174 -4.29 0.000 -2.330153 -.8441514

_Iyear_1970 -.1913428 .024369 -7.85 0.000 -.2402894 -.1423963
_Iyear_1980 0 (omitted)
_Iyear_1990 -.0346029 .0107938 -3.21 0.002 -.0562829 -.0129229
_Iyear_2000 -.2540493 .0139971 -18.15 0.000 -.2821632 -.2259353
_Iyear_2006 0 (omitted)
_Istatefip_2 -.0897354 .0060734 -14.78 0.000 -.1019343 -.0775365
_Istatefip_4 .0371953 .0272261 1.37 0.178 -.01749 .0918806

. xi: ivreg d_h (d_immi_empl= d_immi_imputed bord_dist_70 bord_dist_80 bord_dist_90 bord_dist_00 la_dist_70 la_dist_80 la_dist_90 la_dist_00)
> d_h_lag i.year i.statefip [aw=empl] if year>1960, robust cluster(statefip)
i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted)
i.statefip _Istatefip_1-56 (naturally coded; _Istatefip_1 omitted)
(sum of wgt is 4.3172e+08)

Instrumental variables (2SLS) regression Number of obs = 204

F( 4, 50) = .
Prob > F = 0.0000
R-squared = 0.9742
Root MSE = .0306

(Std. Err. adjusted for 51 clusters in statefip)

Robust
d_h Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]

d_immi_empl -.8928602 .2098245 -4.26 0.000 -1.314305 -.4714152

d_h_lag -.150563 .0635149 -2.37 0.022 -.2781364 -.0229897
_Iyear_1970 0 (omitted)
_Iyear_1980 0 (omitted)
_Iyear_1990 -.0158259 .009887 -1.60 0.116 -.0356846 .0040328
_Iyear_2000 -.2529171 .0101185 -25.00 0.000 -.2732407 -.2325936
_Iyear_2006 -.3935691 .0145375 -27.07 0.000 -.4227686 -.3643696

> efip [aw=empl] if year>1960, robust cluster(statefip)

i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted)
i.statefip _Istatefip_1-56 (naturally coded; _Istatefip_1 omitted)
(sum of wgt is 4.9689e+08)

Instrumental variables (2SLS) regression Number of obs = 255

F( 4, 50) = .
Prob > F = 0.0000
R-squared = 0.9474
Root MSE = .03993

(Std. Err. adjusted for 51 clusters in statefip)

Robust
d_h Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]

d_immi_empl -1.142777 .2763318 -4.14 0.000 -1.697806 -.5877483

_Iyear_1970 -.179022 .0232292 -7.71 0.000 -.2256792 -.1323647
_Iyear_1980 0 (omitted)
_Iyear_1990 -.0363738 .0099759 -3.65 0.001 -.0564109 -.0163366
_Iyear_2000 -.2631367 .0102558 -25.66 0.000 -.2837361 -.2425374
i.year _Iyear_1960-2006 (naturally coded; _Iyear_1960 omitted)
i.statefip _Istatefip_1-56 (naturally coded; _Istatefip_1 omitted)
(sum of wgt is 4.9689e+08)

Instrumental variables (2SLS) regression Number of obs = 255

F( 4, 50) = .
Prob > F = 0.0000
R-squared = 0.9474
Root MSE = .03993

(Std. Err. adjusted for 51 clusters in statefip)

Robust
d_h Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval]

d_immi_empl -1.142777 .2763318 -4.14 0.000 -1.697806 -.5877483

_Iyear_1970 -.179022 .0232292 -7.71 0.000 -.2256792 -.1323647
_Iyear_1980 0 (omitted)
_Iyear_1990 -.0363738 .0099759 -3.65 0.001 -.0564109 -.0163366
_Iyear_2000 -.2631367 .0102558 -25.66 0.000 -.2837361 -.2425374
_Iyear_2006 -.3740695 .0087282 -42.86 0.000 -.3916006 -.3565383
.8

CO
WA
ND MN
MA
MN HI
ND
MA
WA
CO
MD
NE
UT
HI CT
AK
CO MD
AK
OR
CT
VT
NE
KS NH
IL
KS
VT
OR
MI
NJ
UT
MT
VA
AK
UT
WA CA
IL
MT
NH
NJ
WY
NY NY
RI
HI
CA
ND AZ
MI
ID IA
WI
AZ
CA
MA
AZ
MN
OR SD
NM
RI SD
ID
MO
NC
WY
CT
MD
NE WI
FL
VA
IA FL
ME
NM
GA
.6

MT
IL
KS TX
ME
MO
OK
NC
GA OH
PA
TX
NY
WY
VT
MI
NJ
TX
NH OK
AL
SC
TN
IN
ID
NM
OK OH
NV
AL
PA
SC KY
MS
FL
SD
NV
IA MS
IN
TN NV
VA
RI
MO LA AR
LA
WI KY
CA OH
ME
GA
NC
AL AR WV
CO
UT LA
PA
MS WV
WA
AK
HI TN
IN
SC
MA
OR
AZ KY
CT
MT
ID
MD
NY
MN
KS
VT AR
NJ
ND
OK
TX
VA
IL WV
FL
NH
NM
.4

AK
UT WY
SD
MI
NE
NV
CA IA
MO
WI
MS
CO
MT
WA GA
ME
LA
OH
RI
AL
UT NM
OR
AZ PA
NC
TN
ND
SD
ID
VA SC
KY
CA
AK WY
KS
MN
HI
NV
OK
MA IN
AR
CO
WA MD
NY
TX
CT WV
NM IL
NH
NJ
FL
NE
MO
KS
OK
SD
ID
OR
WY VT
IA
MI
LA
NV
MN
AZ
ND WI
ME
MS
MT
MA
NE
TX
NY
CT GA
OH
MD
NJ
IA
FL
IL AR
TN
AL
IN
KY
MI
VT PA
WV
.2

OH
WI
MO
WV
IN RI
SC
NC
HI
LA
NH
VA
KY
PA
ME
MS
AL
AR
TN
GA
RI
NC
SC

1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

year

h h_ave

Screenshots of Coding
Coding

***** 2SLS estimates *****

****

*** test of overid restriction Column 3

xi: ivreg d_empl (d_immi_empl= d_immi_imputed bord_dist_70 bord_dist_80 bord_dist_90

bord_dist_00 la_dist_70 la_dist_80 la_dist_90 la_dist_00) i.year i.statefip [aw=empl] if year>1960,
robust cluster(statefip)

predict p1, residual

reg p1 d_immi_imputed bord_dist_70 bord_dist_80 bord_dist_90 bord_dist_00 la_dist_70 la_dist_80

la_dist_90 la_dist_00

** the r_square times 255 is the t-stat chi-square with 11 degrees of freedom

gen testa=chi2(5,7.65)

sum testa

****/
*** table 2, 2SLS

xi: ivreg d_empl (d_immi_empl= d_immi_imputed bord_dist_70 bord_dist_80 bord_dist_90

bord_dist_00 la_dist_70 la_dist_80 la_dist_90 la_dist_00) i.year i.statefip [aw=empl] if year>1960,
robust cluster(statefip)

xi: ivreg d_empl (d_immi_empl= d_immi_imputed bord_dist_70 bord_dist_80 bord_dist_90

bord_dist_00 la_dist_70 la_dist_80 la_dist_90 la_dist_00) i.year i.statefip [aw=empl] if year>1970,
robust cluster(statefip)

xi: ivreg d_empl (d_immi_empl= d_immi_imputed bord_dist_70 bord_dist_80 bord_dist_90

bord_dist_00 la_dist_70 la_dist_80 la_dist_90 la_dist_00) i.year i.statefip [aw=empl] if year>1960 &
year<2006, robust cluster(statefip)

xi: ivreg d_empl (d_immi_empl= bord_dist_70 bord_dist_80 bord_dist_90 bord_dist_00 la_dist_70

la_dist_80 la_dist_90 la_dist_00) d_empl_lag i.year i.statefip [aw=empl] if year>1960, robust
cluster(statefip)

xi: ivreg d_empl (d_immi_empl= bord_dist_70 bord_dist_80 bord_dist_90 bord_dist_00 la_dist_70

la_dist_80 la_dist_90 la_dist_00) i.year i.statefip [aw=empl] if year>1960, robust cluster(statefip)

*** table 2, 2SLS row 5

xi: ivreg d_hours_perworker (d_immi_empl= d_immi_imputed bord_dist_70 bord_dist_80 bord_dist_90

bord_dist_00 la_dist_70 la_dist_80 la_dist_90 la_dist_00) i.year i.statefip [aw=empl] if year>1960,
robust cluster(statefip)

xi: ivreg d_hours_perworker (d_immi_empl= d_immi_imputed bord_dist_70 bord_dist_80 bord_dist_90

bord_dist_00 la_dist_70 la_dist_80 la_dist_90 la_dist_00) i.year i.statefip [aw=empl] if year>1970,
robust cluster(statefip)

xi: ivreg d_hours_perworker (d_immi_empl= d_immi_imputed bord_dist_70 bord_dist_80 bord_dist_90

bord_dist_00 la_dist_70 la_dist_80 la_dist_90 la_dist_00) i.year i.statefip [aw=empl] if year>1960 &
year<2006, robust cluster(statefip)

xi: ivreg d_hours_perworker (d_immi_empl= d_immi_imputed bord_dist_70 bord_dist_80 bord_dist_90

bord_dist_00 la_dist_70 la_dist_80 la_dist_90 la_dist_00) d_hours_perworker_lag i.year i.statefip
[aw=empl] if year>1960, robust cluster(statefip)

xi: ivreg d_hours_perworker (d_immi_empl= bord_dist_70 bord_dist_80 bord_dist_90 bord_dist_00

la_dist_70 la_dist_80 la_dist_90 la_dist_00) i.year i.statefip [aw=empl] if year>1960, robust
cluster(statefip)
*** table 2, row 7

xi: ivreg d_h (d_immi_empl= d_immi_imputed bord_dist_70 bord_dist_80 bord_dist_90 bord_dist_00

la_dist_70 la_dist_80 la_dist_90 la_dist_00) i.year i.statefip [aw=empl] if year>1960, robust
cluster(statefip)

xi: ivreg d_h (d_immi_empl= d_immi_imputed bord_dist_70 bord_dist_80 bord_dist_90 bord_dist_00

la_dist_70 la_dist_80 la_dist_90 la_dist_00) i.year i.statefip [aw=empl] if year>1970, robust
cluster(statefip)

xi: ivreg d_h (d_immi_empl= d_immi_imputed bord_dist_70 bord_dist_80 bord_dist_90 bord_dist_00

la_dist_70 la_dist_80 la_dist_90 la_dist_00) i.year i.statefip [aw=empl] if year>1960 & year<2006, robust
cluster(statefip)

xi: ivreg d_h (d_immi_empl= d_immi_imputed bord_dist_70 bord_dist_80 bord_dist_90 bord_dist_00

la_dist_70 la_dist_80 la_dist_90 la_dist_00) d_h_lag i.year i.statefip [aw=empl] if year>1960, robust
cluster(statefip)

xi: ivreg d_h (d_immi_empl= bord_dist_70 bord_dist_80 bord_dist_90 bord_dist_00 la_dist_70

la_dist_80 la_dist_90 la_dist_00) i.year i.statefip [aw=empl] if year>1960, robust cluster(statefip)

*** figures

sort statefip year

egen h_ave=mean(h), by (year)

*** figures on gdp and capital

twoway connect h h_ave year if statefip~=10 & statefip~=11, mlabel(state_code)