ANTHONY YERINDABO

Jean Piaget's theory of moral development focuses on cognitive development

and identifies two main stages.

In the heteronomous morality stage (around ages 4-7), children believe in rigid
rules and consequences, guided by external authority.

In the autonomous morality stage (around ages 10+), they develop a more
flexible understanding of rules, recognizing they can change through mutual
agreement.

Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development bases on Piaget's work

proposing six stages grouped into three levels;

At the pre-conventional level, individuals make moral decisions based on self-

interest and avoiding punishment.

At the conventional level, they consider societal norms and expectations.

Finally, at the post-conventional level, they develop personal moral principles
and act according to their internalized values.

Sigmund Freud's theory, which primarily focused on psychosexual

development, also touches on moral development. He proposed that the
superego, which is part of the psyche, forms through the resolution of the
Oedipus and Electra complexes during the phallic stage. The superego serves
as an individual's moral compass, incorporating societal norms and parental
values.

In conclusion, Piaget's theory emphasizes cognitive development in moral

understanding, Kohlberg's theory focuses on moral reasoning and principles,
and Freud's theory connects moral development to the formation of the
superego through psychosexual stages.

2022/U/SMP/00286