FRACTIONS, PERCENTAGES, RATIOS and PROPORTIONS

1. Work out and simplify the following fractions

1 3 2 2 5 3 5
3−4∙( − ) 7 5 1 −6 3 −2 −1 ( − )∙( − )
𝑎) 5 15 𝑐) 3 9 4 6
4 1 3 𝑏) ∙[ −( + + )+ ÷ ] 4 7 5
6+ ∙( − ) 6 8 2 9 4 9 5 1 + 3 ∙ (12 − 6)
25 2 4

2
2 1 2 1 5
𝑑) [( − ) + 13 ∙ ( − 1) ] ÷ [( − 1) ÷ ] 3 1 1 1 1 3 1 13 1 6 1 13
3 9 3 2 2 𝑒) ( + ) ∙ (5 + ) − (1 + ) ∙ ( ) 𝑓) 4 ∙ ( − ) − 2 ( − + 1) − ( − )
7 3 4 3 1 3 4 8 3 6 5 6 3
+
4 8
1
𝑖) 2
1
5 1 1 2
1 2 3 2 1 2 1 3 6 3 1 1+2−3 1+
𝑔) ( )÷( − )+( − )÷( − ) ℎ) ( ∙ ( − ∙ )) ∙ (1 + ) 1
1 3 5 7 4 5 3 1 1 2 5 2
2−
4 3−2 4 2 3 − ∙ 1+ 1
4 3 2
1+ 2
1
1+ 2

2. Find out the equivalent fraction to the following decimal numbers

𝑎) 0.375 𝑏) 0.6 𝑐) 0,625 𝑑) 0, 83̂ 𝑒) 0,75 𝑓) 0, 4̂ 𝑔) 0.248̂ ̂
ℎ) 0. 54

𝟏 𝟏
3. Calculate five fractions whose value is between 𝟐
𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟑

7 4 13 20 17 11
4. Order from smallest to largest the following fractions , , , , 𝑎𝑛𝑑
8 5 15 21 20 14

𝟒
5. Shane has a piece of rope that is 𝟕 𝟓
units long. If he cuts it into pieces that are each 3/5 of a unit long, how many pieces does he have?

1 2
6. Jackie used to be on the phone 3 2 times as much as her brother. Her parents threatened to take away the phone, so she cut down 5
of the time she used
to be on the phone. How many times as much as her bother is Jackie now on the phone?

7. 3/7 of the people who work in an architecture company are surveyors. Half of the rest are architects and those who remain are draftsmen. What part of
the total are draftsmen? How many people can work in the company?
8. Five people enter an elevator, the doors do not close because the total weight is 440 Kg, which exceeds the maximum allowed weight in 3/8 of it. What is that
maximum weight?

9. When a ball falls to the ground, it bounces up to 3/8 of the height from which it falls. If it falls from 1024 cm, how high will it reach after the third bounce?

10. A swimming pool is filled to three-quarters of its full capacity. If 3000 liters are extracted, the water that remains would be half of the initial content. Under
these conditions, how many liters would be necessary to pour into the pool to fill it?

11. At a wedding, two-thirds of the attendees are women, three-fifths of the men are married, and the other 6 men are single. How many people are at the
wedding?
12. In a school the ratio of girls to boys is 2:3. We know that 25% of the girls and 30% of the boys have school dinners. What is the total percentage of students
at the school who have school dinners?

13. Bill and Ben win some money in their local lottery. They share the money in the ratio 3:4. Ben decides to give £36 to his sister. The amount that Bill and
Ben have is now in the ratio 6:7. Calculate the total amount of money won by Bill and Ben.

14. Gertie has two grandchildren, Jasmine, aged 2, and Holly, aged 4. Gertie divides £30 between them in the ratio of their ages. How much do they each get?

15. Paint Pro makes pink paint by mixing red paint and white paint in the ratio 3:4. Colour Co makes pink paint by mixing red paint and white paint in the ratio
5:7. Which company uses a higher proportion of red paint in their mixture?

16. Rosie and Jim share some sweets in the ratio 5:7. If Jim gets 12 sweets more than Rosie, work out the number of sweets that Rosie gets.

17. Rahim is saving for a new bike which will cost £480. Rahim earns £1500 per month. Rahim spends his money on bills, food and extras in the ratio 8:3:4. Of
the money he spends on extras, he spends 80% and puts 20% into his savings account. How long will it take Rahim to save for his new bike?

18. If there are 120 people on a committee, and the ratio of men to women is 5:1, how many more men are on the committee than women?

19. 3 men can paint 3 rooms in 3 hours. How long would it take 1 man to paint 1 room?

20. Bob can paint a house in 3 hours. If Bob and his friend Ron work together to paint the house, it takes 2 hours. How long would it take Ron to paint the house
if he worked alone?

21. If the length of a rectangle is increased by 50% and its width is decreased by 20%, what is the ratio of the area of the new rectangle to the original rectangle?

22. The cold-water faucet can fill a bucket in 30 minutes, and the hot-water faucet can fill a bucket in 60 minutes. How long will it take to fill a bucket when the
two faucets are running together?

23. Kathy travels 40 miles in 1 hour and then 60 miles in 3 hours. What is her average speed in miles per hour?

24. At 9 AM, the temperature is 65 degrees. At 2 PM, the temperature has risen to 100 degrees. What is the rate of temperature change in degrees per hour?
25. John can paint a room in 4 hours, and Susan can paint the same room in 6 hours. How many minutes would it take them to paint the room together?

26. If 24 machines can make 5 devices in 30 minutes, how many hours will it take 4 machines to make 15 devices?

27. A pie is made up of 1/9 crust, 1/3 apples, and 1/4 sugar, and the rest is jelly. What is the ratio of crust to jelly?

28. Abbey draws two triangles, A and B. The height of triangle B is 1 cm more than the height of triangle A. The bases of triangle A and B are in the ratio 1:3. The
areas of triangle A and triangle B are in the ratio 2:9. The triangle B has an area of 45 cm2. What is the ratio of the heights of triangles A:B?

29. Two postal workers can deliver letters to 282 houses in 3 hours. Assuming that each worker has the same delivery rate, how many postal workers would
be needed to deliver letters to 376 houses in 2 hours?

30. Angela pays £408 for 3 months’ worth of school dinners for her 4 children. What would the cost of 5 months’ worth of school dinners be for 3 children?

31. 30 bags of popcorn cost £8.40. 175 g of popcorn cost £1.96 when bought in these bags. How much does one bag of popcorn weigh?

32. It takes 2 people 2 hours to wrap 60 presents. Working at the same rate, how long would it take: A) 1 person to wrap 60 presents? B) 1 person to wrap 93
presents? C) 3 people to wrap 93 presents?

33. The diagram shows 3 identical trapeziums, each with a different area shaded. Trapezium A has 1/9
of its area shaded and trapezium B has 3/8 of its area shaded. What fraction of the total area in
trapezium C is shaded?

34. Jan wants to bake a cake. The recipe requires 150 g each of flour, sugar and butter, and also 3 eggs. Jan only has 2 eggs so he decides to make a smaller cake
with the same proportions. A) How much flour will Jan need? B) If each egg weighs 25 g, how much will the cake weigh before it goes in the oven? C) What
fraction of the uncooked weight is flour? D) If the cake loses 1/7 of its weight during baking, what will be its weight after baking?

35. A father distributes money among his four children in amounts that are in the ratio of 7 : 4 : 12 : 6. If the last two together received a total of €42 more
than the first two together, How much money did the father distribute?

36. Mary's monthly savings and expenses are in a ratio 7:9. If expenses exceed savings by €600, how much money does Mary earn? (it is understood that the
entire salary is divided into savings or expenses)

37. In a motorcycle race, the first classified took 1 hour and a half to complete the circuit, the second 4 minutes more than the first and the third 2 minutes
more than the second. If there is a total prize of €9,000, how should the money be split among the three qualifiers?

38. Anne, Alba and Albert are three waiters who always distribute the month's tips proportionally to the daily hours each one works. Anne works 8 hours a day
and this month she received €124. If Alba works 6 hours a day and Albert only 4 hours a day, how much money corresponds to all the tips this month?
39. 612 liters of mineral water must be distributed between two fishing boats. 6 sailors, the captain and the skipper work on the first boat and it will be at sea
for 24 days. There are 12 people on the second boat and it will be at sea for 18 days. a) How much water per day corresponds to each person? b) How
many liters does each boat receive? c) How many liters does a person receive in each boat?

40. If 18 machines move 1200 cubic meters of soil in 12 days, how many days will it take 24 machines to move 1600 cubic meters of soil?

41. An engine running for 10 days and working 8 hours a day has caused an expense of 1,200 euros. How much will the engine spend running 18 days at a
working rate of 9 hours a day?

42. In a construction for a highway, a large amount of soil must be relocated and it is known that 5 trucks, making 6 trips a day each, manage to remove 600 m3
of soil in 4 days. How many days will it take 7 trucks to remove 3500 m3 of soil if each truck can make 10 trips a day?

43. Four friends can finish a work in 18 days. If after these four friends have worked for three days, one more friend comes to work, how many days sooner
will they finish the work?

44. 12 painters commit to do a job. After 16 days, only 3 fifths of the work has been done. Furthermore, also 4 of the painters left. in how many days will the
remaining painters finish the job?

45. A dealer sells two objects for €60 each. In one object he made a profit of 1/4 of its cost and in the other a loss of 1/4 of its cost. How much did he make,
profit or loss, on the entire sale?

46. Today a transporter has made 5/6 of the route, of which the fifth part has been done in the morning. If in the afternoon he traveled 240 kilometers, how
many kilometers does he still have to travel?

47. At a meeting, 3/10 of the attendees are married and of these 2/3 are men. If there are 8 married women, how many people attend the meeting?

48. I purchased an electronic device, and I initially paid 5/9 of the total price upfront. By the end of this month, I'll make another payment, covering 3/5 of the
entrance fee, and the final payment will be due next month. If the last payment next month is 40 euros, calculate the total cost of the device.

49. A farmer has food to feed a cow for 27 days, with the same amount of food he could feed a sheep for 54 days. How long could you feed the cow and sheep
with that amount of food?

50. In 2021, one association had a total of 30 members, 20 men and the rest women. In 2022 the number of men increased by 5% and the number of women
increased by 20%. How much did the total number of members increase from 2021 to 2022?