Form 4 TT 2023 Work Book P1

1a) Briefly explain the meaning of the term ancillary service
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b) Describe 3 roles of ancillary services in the travel and tourism industry.
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c) State and explain the positive and negative environmental impacts of travel and tourism.
Positive impacts.
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Negative impacts
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2 Refer to Fig. 2.1 (Insert), a photograph of the front of a hotel.
(a) (i) Identify one way the hotel is meeting the needs of responsible tourists.
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(ii) State two sustainability standards that could be introduced in hotels.
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(b) State three ways hotels can provide for tourists with mobility needs.
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S.MUTONHERE
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[3]
(c) Explain two benefits of hotel staff speaking multiple languages.
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[4]
d) Explain one way hotels are inter-dependent with each of the following travel and tourism organisations:
tour operators ...........................................................................................................................
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visitor attractions .......................................................................................................................
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[4]
(e) Evaluate the role of local tourist information centres in the tourism industry.
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S.MUTONHERE
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[Total: 20]
3 Refer to Fig. 3.1 (Insert), information about the Treetop Walking Path in Anykščiai Regional Park.
(a) State the type of visitor attraction each of the following are:
Treetop Walking Path ...............................................................................................................
Anykščiai forest ........................................................................................................................

[2]
(b) (i) Identify one service provided at the Treetop Walking Path.
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(ii) Identify one product provided at the Treetop Walking Path.
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(c) Explain two ways the Treetop Walking Path might appeal to ecotourists.
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S.MUTONHERE
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[4] Evaluate the importance of each of the following reasons for the growth of sustainable tourism:
social media influence ..............................................................................................................
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government policies ..................................................................................................................
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(e) Evaluate the effectiveness of carrying capacity in managing negative environmental impacts.
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S.MUTONHERE
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[Total: 20]
Fig. 2.1 for Question 2
S.MUTONHERE
Treetop Walking Path
The Treetop Walking Path is in Anykščiai Regional Park, in the small town of Anykščiai, Lithuania.
The Treetop Walking Path gives visitors the opportunity to walk through the forest at treetop level,
experiencing the Anykščiai forest from a different viewpoint. The path ends at a 34-metre high
observation tower, allowing visitors to experience views of the forest below.
At the base of the observation tower is a visitor information centre where visitors can find out
about the surrounding forest, natural environment and local culture and purchase souvenirs. The
surrounding forest provides more experiences for visitors including walking, cycling and water-based
activities.
The Treetop Walking Path operates an educational programme which is available to all visitors for
a small fee. The programme includes a guided tour, a presentation about the Treetop Walking Path
and forest, local cultural poems and lessons on the connection between humans and nature.
Money generated from sales at the Park is used for protecting the forest and to spread awareness
of the local culture.
QUESTION 4
a) Briefly explain the MICE as the main reason for business travellers.
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S.MUTONHERE
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b) Draw the chain of distribution in travel and tourism on the space below and explain on the
space provided below.
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S.MUTONHERE
c) Explain three main reasons for the growth of cruiseships.
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Total 25
1 Refer to Fig. 1.1 (Insert), information about tourism in city destinations.
(a) Identify the following:
the country Toronto is in .............................................................................................................
the percentage of visitor spending from domestic tourists in New York City ............................. the
type of tourists with the largest percentage of visitor spending in Chongqing .....................
the average percentage of jobs from tourism in cities ..............................................................

[4]
(b) Identify three transport gateways likely to be found in cities.
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(c) Explain three positive economic benefits of tourism to the local population.
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S.MUTONHERE
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[6] Explain three reasons why cities are popular tourist destinations.
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(e) Assess the risks to destinations of having more visitor spend from domestic tourism.
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S.MUTONHERE
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2 Refer to Fig. 2.1 (Insert), information about gorilla trekking in Uganda, a country in Africa.
(a) State three natural attractions.
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(b) Describe how the following visitor management techniques reduce the impact of tourism:
permits ......................................................................................................................................
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visitor numbers ..............................................................................................................
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(c) Explain three positive environmental benefits of gorilla trekking.
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[6] Explain three likely negative social cultural impacts of hiring local porters.
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(e) Assess the importance of the environment to tourism.
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3 Refer to Fig. 3.1 (Insert), a cruise ship floor plan.
(a) State three types of passenger water transport.
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(b) Describe two facilities shown in Fig. 3.1 for passengers with limited mobility.
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(c) Travel agents selling cruise products will tell customers about the unique features of different cruise
products.
State two features of each of the following cruise products:
fly-cruise
S.MUTONHERE
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all-inclusive cruise
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river cruise
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[6] Explain the appeal of each of the following popular cruise circuits:
Alaska .......................................................................................................................................
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Caribbean .................................................................................................................................
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South Asia ................................................................................................................................
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(e) Discuss the reasons why cruises have become so popular.
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S.MUTONHERE
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4 Refer to Fig. 4.1 (Insert), a photograph of a beach information board in Australia.
(a) Identify three types of information given to tourists on the beach information board.
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(b) Australia is located in the Southern Hemisphere, south of the Equator.
Other than Australia, state four countries located entirely in the Southern Hemisphere.
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(c) Describe three ways tourists can research destinations before they arrive.
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S.MUTONHERE
Explain three advantages to tourists of self-catering accommodation.
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(e) Discuss the importance of seasonality to tour operators.
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City Tourism
City destinations attract leisure and business tourists from all over the world. They are also
popular with tourists passing through who are using the transport gateways in the city to get to
other destinations.
On average tourism represents 5.7% of jobs within cities.
In many established city destinations spending per international visitor is higher than spending
per domestic visitor. For example, in Toronto, Canada, international visitors spend nine times
more than domestic visitors.
However, other cities have a more balanced share of domestic and international tourists. In
New York City, USA, 55% of visitor spending comes from domestic visitors and 45% from
international visitors.
Chongqing, China, is one city that has more visitor spend from domestic visitors than
international visitors: 95% of their visitor spend comes from domestic visitors.
Money earned from international visitors often helps to pay for local infrastructure projects and
public services. For example, in New York City international visitor spend is three times higher
than the costs of the police department for the city.
Fig. 1.1
Gorilla Trekking in Uganda
Bwindi Impenetrable National Park in southwestern Uganda is a protected sanctuary for many
different and rare types of flora and fauna. It is home to half of the world’s population of endangered
mountain gorillas. The park is owned and managed by the Uganda Wildlife Authority.
Gorilla trekking is the park’s main tourist attraction, generating revenue for the Uganda Wildlife
Authority.
The number of tourists allowed to visit the park is strictly controlled to protect the forest and the
wildlife. Tourists who want to take part in a gorilla trek must first buy a permit. Permits cost $700
and only 150 permits are available each day. Tourists must also pay a $40 fee to enter the park.
Groups visiting the park must not exceed eight people and all tourists must be accompanied by a
Uganda Wildlife Authority guide.
To make their trek more comfortable tourists can hire a local porter to carry their backpack for $15
a day.
19
Fig. 2.1
20
Fig. 3.1
[Turn over
Fig. 4.1
1 Refer to Fig. 1.1 (Insert), information about mountain tourism.

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(a) State four different types of physical features that have become tourist destinations.
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(b) State three natural disasters likely in mountain regions.
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(c) Explain three likely positive economic benefits of tourism to mountain communities.
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[6] Explain three likely negative environmental impacts of mountain tourism.
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(e) Evaluate the importance of destinations developing year-round tourism.
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[Total: 25] 2 Refer to Fig. 2.1 (Insert), a world map showing different time zones.
the country which is 10 hours ahead (+10) of GMT .................................................................. the
continent showing a time zone 4 hours behind (–4) GMT .................................................. whether
23
time in India would be ahead of or behind GMT ......................................................... the country
which is 8 hours ahead (+8) of GMT ......................................................................
the name of the line shown on the map ....................................................................................

[5]
(b) Describe one way travelling across time zones can affect international travellers.
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(c) Explain three ways tourism organisations rely on travel and transport providers.
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[6] Describe three different services provided by travel agents.
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(e) Assess the reasons why Europe has more international tourist arrivals than any other
continent.
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[Total: 25] 3 Refer to Fig. 3.1 (Insert), information about domestic tourism in India.
(a) Identify three types of travel expenses.
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(b) Describe two ways destinations are perishable.
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(c) Explain three ways tourist boards can encourage more domestic tourism.
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[6] Explain one benefit of encouraging more domestic tourism to each of the following:
economy of India ......................................................................................................................
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................................................................................................................................................... social and
cultural understanding .............................................................................................
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................................................................................................................................................... tourism
organisations ...............................................................................................................
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(e) Evaluate the role of national governments in developing a successful tourism destination.
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[Total: 25] 4 Refer to Fig. 4.1 (Insert), a photograph of a museum.
(a) State three services likely to be provided by museums.
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2 ................................................................................................................................................
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[3]
(b) State four actions museum staff should take when dealing with a complaint.
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(c) Explain three ways museums can provide for families with young children.
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Explain three reasons why good personal presentation is important for museum staff.
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(e) Evaluate the role of museums in the travel and tourism industry.
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[Total: 25]
29
Mountain Tourism
For a long time, leisure tourists have enjoyed mountain destinations.
It is often the mountain destinations’ unique physical and natural attractions that draw tourists
to the area.
Many mountain destinations have different unique features in different seasons. These different
features allow the destinations to appeal to a variety of tourists and develop all-year-round
tourism. For example, in the Alpine mountain regions of Europe, snowy winters contrast with
the lush green summers.
The development of tourism in mountain destinations is often restricted by climatic conditions,

natural disasters and accessibility. However, tourism can provide important positive economic,
environmental, social and cultural impacts to these remote areas.
To ensure the future of these destinations, tourism must be sustainable.
Fig. 1.1

30
Fig. 2.1
0471/11/INSERT/O/N/22
Domestic tourism in India

The Ministry of Tourism and the National Tourism Organisation (NTO) in India have
introduced an incentive scheme to encourage more domestic tourism.
The scheme will allow Indian citizens to make a promise to travel to at least 15 tourist
destinations across India in a year. If citizens complete their promise the government of
India will refund their travel expenses.
To qualify for the refund tourists must:

• visit all 15 destinations within one year
• submit photographs of their visits to a government website •
travel outside their home state.
Fig. 3.1

31
Fig. 4.1
1 Refer to Fig. 1.1 (Insert), information about tourism in St Lucia, a Caribbean island.
the fee for home sharing accommodation ................................................................................ the
number of visitors to St Lucia .............................................................................................
the percentage of staying visitors in St Lucia ...........................................................................

[3]
(b) State four different types of accommodation.
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(c) Explain three benefits to destinations of developing local tourism products.
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[6] reasons why accommodation providers measure their occupancy rate.
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[6]
(e) Discuss the likely impacts on St Lucia’s tourism industry of charging staying visitors an accommodation
fee.
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[Total: 25] 2 Refer to Fig. 2.1 (Insert), information about visitor attractions in India.
(a) State the three main reasons for travel.
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[3]
(b) State four likely positive impacts of extending the opening hours of visitor attractions.
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[4]
(c) Explain three ways visitor attractions can manage large crowds.
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...................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
34
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[6] likely negative environmental impacts of overcrowding at visitor attractions.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[6]
(e) Assess the negative social cultural impacts of religious sites becoming visitor attractions.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
35
............................................................................................................................................. [6]
[Total: 25] 3 Refer to Fig. 3.1 (Insert), a photograph of a ticket agent.
(a) State three likely personal presentation requirements for ticket agents.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[3]
(b) Describe two ways ticket agents can explain the tour details to tourists who speak a different language.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[4]
(c) Describe the way ticket agents use each of the following skills:
ICT skills ...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
numeracy skills .........................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
36
...................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................... literacy
skills .............................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[6] ways ticket agents could use tact and diplomacy to deal with tourists who
arrived too late for a tour.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[6]
(e) Discuss the importance of tour companies offering technological applications for booking tours.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
37
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [6]
[Total: 25] 4 Refer to Fig. 4.1 (Insert), a photograph of a man selling traditional hats as souvenirs in
Morocco, a country in north west Africa.
(a) State the following:
one sea which borders the continent of Africa .......................................................................... the
line of latitude which divides the northern and southern hemisphere .................................
the largest continent in the world ...............................................................................................

[3]
(b) Morocco is a mountainous country.
State four tourist activities likely in mountain destinations.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
4 ................................................................................................................................................
[4]
(c) Explain three positive social and cultural impacts of selling traditional arts and crafts as souvenirs.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
38
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[6]
d) Explain one reason why each of the following are important in creating a successful
Destination:
transport ....................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
attractions ..................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
accommodation .........................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[6]
(e) Using examples, discuss how tourism destinations are perishable.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [6]
40
[Total: 25]
Tourism in St Lucia
St Lucia, a Caribbean island, attracts over 1.2 million visitors per year. Only 30% of visitors
to the island are staying visitors. The rest of the visitors arrive on cruise ships or yachts
and do not use the local accommodation services.
St Lucia has introduced a tourist accommodation fee. All visitors to St Lucia will be charged
a fee of between $3 and $6 a night except for accommodation sold on home sharing
websites which will be charged a fee of $7 a night.
The money collected will be used to fund tourism destination marketing, support village
tourism and the development of local tourism products.
St Lucia Tourism Authority (SLTA) aims to attract more staying tourists to the country. They
have said marketing and promoting tourism destinations has become increasingly difficult
and highly competitive. Therefore, it is essential to raise extra money so they can remain
competitive.
Fig. 1.1
Historic Visitor Attractions in India
Ten historic visitor attractions, owned by the government of India, are extending their
opening hours. The attractions are usually open until sunset but will now remain open until
later in the evening. The aim is to attract more visitors.
The attractions include historic temples, tombs and monuments which are popular with
both tourists and locals.
The Indian government will trial the extended opening hours for these historic visitor
attractions. After monitoring the success and impacts of the extended opening hours, they
will consider introducing extended opening hours to another 25 historic visitor attractions
in the country.
[6]
[Total: 25]
41
Fig. 2.1
[6]
[Total: 25]
42
Fig. 3.1
[Turn over
Fig. 4.1
[6]
[Total: 25]
43
1 Refer to Fig. 1.1 (Insert), information about tourism in Virginia, USA.
one source market from the continent of North America .......................................................... the
amount spent by international visitors ................................................................................ the number
of years domestic tourism has increased .............................................................. the average length of
stay in Virginia ........................................................................................
the number of seasons in Virginia ............................................................................................

[5]
(b) Define the term ‘domestic tourism’.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(c) Explain three likely reasons why Virginia is so popular with domestic tourists.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[6]
[Total: 25]
44
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[6] Explain three positive economic benefits of tourism.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[6]
(e) Assess the impacts on Virginia’s tourism industry of most visitors staying for the purpose of visiting friends
and relatives.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[6]
[Total: 25]
45
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
[6]
[Total: 25]
46
2 Refer to Fig. 2.1 (Insert), information about accessibility in the Old City of Jerusalem.
(a) State three different types of man-made attractions.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
[3]
(b) Describe two roles of national governments in tourism development.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[4]
(c) Describe three constraints to infrastructure improvements in the Old City of Jerusalem.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
Explain how accessibility developments have improved the appeal of the Old City of Jerusalem to each of the
following tourists:
[6]
47
families with young children ......................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................... physically
disabled tourists .......................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................... hearing
impaired tourists ..........................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[6]
(e) Discuss the importance of protecting ancient historical and cultural destinations.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
[6]
48
3 Refer to Fig. 3.1 (Insert), a photograph of a tourist information centre (TIC) located in a busy city centre.
(a) Identify three different services provided at the TIC shown in Fig. 3.1.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
[3]
(b) Explain two likely reasons why TICs are often located in city centre areas.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[4]
(c) Describe three ways a TIC provides information to tourists.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
Explain one reason why each of the following skills are important for staff working in TICs:
numeracy ..................................................................................................................................
[6]
49
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................... clear
speech .............................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................... literacy
......................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[6]
(e) Discuss the importance of destinations having a range of accommodation services available to tourists.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
[6]
50
4 Refer to Fig. 4.1 (Insert), a photograph of a water bus, a new public transport method on the Saigon River,
Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
(a) Identify three ways passengers using the water bus shown in Fig. 4.1 are kept safe.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
[3]
(b) Describe two environmental benefits of public transport.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[4]
(c) Explain three reasons why tourists might be attracted to using the water bus service.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[6]
Describe three ways Ho Chi Minh City can make the timetable of the water bus service available to tourists.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[6]
(e) Discuss the importance of sustainability in tourist destinations.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

52
Tourism in Virginia, USA

Virginia is a state in the east of the USA. Virginia offers tourists destinations and activities for all seasons
from winter sports, Atlantic beach resorts, mountains, caves, large cities, historic sites to adventurous
activities.
Visitor numbers to Virginia are increasing. Domestic tourism has increased each year for the past nine
years. International tourism has also increased for the past two years after a three-year decline.
International tourists to Virginia spend $2 billion a year in Virginia whereas domestic tourists spend $26
billion.
Virginia’s climate is subtropical, with four different seasons. Throughout the year, regardless of season,
tourists stay for an average of 2.3 nights. The largest percentage of staying tourists visit Virginia for the
primary purpose of visiting friends and relatives.
Research has shown 56% of visitors to Virginia decide to visit less than a month before their arrival.
Virginia’s top international
source markets
Canada 507 089
United Kingdom 85 235
China 39 988
Germany 37 092
India 32 971
France 27 171
Japan 24 481
South Korea 20 407
Mexico 18 135
Italy 17 527
Fig. 1.1
Accessibility in the Old City of Jerusalem

The Old City of Jerusalem is visited by 10 million visitors each year. The area is hilly and surrounded by
ancient city walls.
S.MUTONHERE
53
The government of the country has passed a law requiring visitor attractions and other tourism
organisations to be accessible to all visitors and locals. This includes access for people who are wheelchair
users, hearing impaired and visually impaired.
The Old City of Jerusalem is a protected World Heritage Site. All infrastructure developments and
improvements must be completed in a way that does not damage the historical and cultural features of the
ancient city.
Recent accessibility developments in the Old City of Jerusalem include:

• handrails
• ramps
• smooth raised walkways
• audio apps
• accessibility maps showing the best routes for wheelchair users
• accessibility apps translated into eight languages.
These developments have all been created to make the area more accessible and allow more tourists to
experience the historical and cultural features of the city.
Fig. 2.1
Fig. 3.1
[Turn over
S.MUTONHERE
54
Fig. 4.1
Question 1
S.MUTONHERE
55
1. Refer to Fig. 1.1 (Insert), information about tourism in Jordan.
(a) State three types of tour operator.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
[3]
(b) Describe two features of a desert climate.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[4]
(c) Explain three likely reasons why a destination might experience a reduction in visitor numbers.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
S.MUTONHERE
56
[6] (d) Explain three benefits to tourists of booking an escorted tour in Jordan.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[6]
(e) Evaluate the importance to historical attractions of having a carrying capacity.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [6]
[Total: 25] Question 2
Refer to Fig. 2.1 (Insert), information about cruising in the Caribbean.

S.MUTONHERE
57
the port passengers embark and disembark on both cruises ................................................... the port
the cruise visits in Honduras .......................................................................................
the number of days at sea on the Eastern Caribbean Cruise ...................................................

[3]
(b) Identify four ways the Eastern Caribbean Cruise differs from the Western Caribbean Cruise.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
4 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[4] (c) Explain three likely reasons why tourists from the USA are the largest source market for cruise
holidays in the Caribbean.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[6]
S.MUTONHERE
58
(d) Explain three economic risks for countries being over-dependent on tourism.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[6] (e) Discuss the role of the public sector in the operating economies of cruises.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [6]
[Total: 25]
S.MUTONHERE
59
Question 3
Refer to Fig. 3.1 (Insert), a photograph of a tourist area.
(a) Identify three services provided for tourists in the photograph.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
[3]
(b) Staff working at the River Cruise tour desk will need to prepare a reservation file when taking bookings.
State four details likely to be entered into a reservation file when booking a river cruise tour.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
4 ................................................................................................................................................
[4]
(c) Describe three ways tourism staff can give good customer service when communicating face to face.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[6] (d) Explain three personal presentation rules for staff working at catering outlets.
S.MUTONHERE
60
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[6]
(e) Discuss the importance of tourism staff following customer care policies.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [6]
Refer to Fig. 4.1 (Insert), information about environmental impacts in the Mediterranean Sea.

S.MUTONHERE
61
the amount spent by the city of Nice on cleaning their beaches .............................................. one
example of single use plastic .............................................................................................
the number of visitors to the Mediterranean Sea each year .....................................................

[3]
(b) Describe two support facilities for travel and tourism that are likely to have contributed to the success of
tourism in the Mediterranean.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[4] (c) Explain three ways national tourist boards could encourage tourists to reduce their plastic
waste.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[6]
S.MUTONHERE
62
(d) Explain three positive environmental impacts of tourism likely to be experienced in coastal areas.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[6]
S.MUTONHERE
(e) Discuss the likely impacts to tourism organisations when destinations become polluted with
litter.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [6]
[Total: 25]
64
Tourism in Jordan
Jordan is a country in western Asia.
The main attraction in the country is the ancient city of Petra. Other popular attractions include the
protected desert landscape of Wadi Rum, the River Jordan and the Dead Sea.
Jordan has been experiencing an increase in visitor numbers after four years of reduced visitor
numbers.
Tour operators in Europe are reporting an increase in bookings and demand for holidays to Jordan.
Increasingly, escorted tours are being chosen over independent travel in Jordan due to the desert
conditions and historical attractions that make up the must-see sights. Escorted tours include a
planned itinerary and a tour guide.
Popular escorted tours in Jordan include adventure tours and tours designed for families, young
people, single travellers as well as specialist tourists.
Fig. 1.1
65
Cruising the Caribbean

The Caribbean is famous for its white sand beaches, tropical climate, wildlife and vibrant
towns. It is the world’s most popular cruise circuit. Tourism is a very important industry in
most Caribbean economies.
The USA is the largest source market for cruise holidays in the Caribbean. The Caribbean
is also a popular cruise circuit with tourists from Canada, the UK and other European
countries.
The most popular time to visit the Caribbean is the high season from December through
to April when the weather is warm and relatively dry. The low season has much higher
temperatures with a greater probability of rain and a risk of hurricanes which can result
in lower prices.
Below are examples of two Caribbean cruises.

Eastern Caribbean Cruise $1500 Western Caribbean Cruise
per person $2000 per person
Day 1: Embark and depart from Miami, Day 1: Embark and depart from Miami,
Florida – 16:00 Florida – 09:00
Day 2: Day at sea Day 2: Day at sea
Day 3: Day at sea Day 3: Roatán, Honduras
Day 4: Philipsburg, Sint Maarten Day 4: Puerto Costa Maya, Mexico
Day 5: San Juan, Puerto Rico Day 5: Cancún, Mexico
Day 6: Day at sea Day 6: Day at sea

Day 7: Disembark Miami, Florida Day 7: Havana, Cuba
Day 8: Disembark Miami, Florida

Fig. 2.1
66
[Turn over
Fig. 3.1
Environmental impacts in the Mediterranean Sea

The Mediterranean Sea separates the continents of Europe, Africa and Asia. It accounts
for only 0.7% of the world’s total sea area.
The Mediterranean coastline attracts over 200 million visitors (20% of the world’s
international tourist arrivals) each year who visit to enjoy the beaches, cultural coastal
towns and cities and the warm and dry Mediterranean climate.
Research has shown that tourists to the Mediterranean cause a 40% increase in plastic
pollution in the Mediterranean Sea each summer. Single use plastics such as drinking
straws, food containers and water bottles are some of the items that pollute the sea. The
increase in plastic pollution is having a negative environmental impact on the wildlife,
water quality and visual beauty of the area.
The city of Nice in France, a country with a Mediterranean coastline, spends over €2 m
every year cleaning its beaches of plastic pollution.
In coastal destinations tourists, tourism organisations and local communities are being
encouraged to reduce the amount of waste going into the seas and oceans by:
67
• reducing the use of plastic

• recycling where possible
• disposing of waste responsibly
Fig. 4.1
Paper 1 Core Paper May/June 2020

2 hours
Question 1
Refer to Fig. 1.1 (Insert), information on the global rise in outbound tourism.
the increase in spending on tourism by the US .........................................................................
the total amount China spent on tourism ..................................................................................
the increase in spending from the emerging economy .............................................................
[3]
(b) Explain two negative economic impacts associated with an increase in outbound tourism.
1…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………
2…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………….[4]
(c) Explain three services provided by tourist information centres.
1…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………..2………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………..3………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….[6]
68
(d) Explain three likely negative social cultural impacts of a global increase in tourism
1…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………..2………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………..3………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………….[6]
(e) Assess the possible reasons for the global growth in outbound tourism.
1…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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…………………………………………………………..2………………………………………………
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…………………………………………………………………………………….[ [6]
[Total: 25]
Question 2
Refer to Fig. 2.1 (Insert), a photograph of tourists queuing for a sightseeing bus tour.
(a) Identify three ways the sightseeing bus tour shown in Fig. 2.1 is meeting the needs of tourists.
1………………………………………………………………………………………………
2…………………………………………………………………………………………………3………
…………………………………………………………………………...................[3]
(b) Describe two different types of sightseeing tours, other than a sightseeing bus tour.
1…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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69
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……………… [4]
(c) Many sightseeing buses have a tour guide on board.

Explain three interpersonal skills required of a tour guide.
1…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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…………………..3………………………………………………………………………………………
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……………………………………………………………………………………. [6]
(d) Describe three likely personal presentation requirements for tour guides.
1…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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…………………………………………………………..2………………………………………………
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…………………..3………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………………………………… [6]
(e) Discuss the interrelationship between sightseeing tours and tourist attractions.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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70
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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[Total: 25]
Question 3
Refer to Fig. 3.1 (Insert), information on tourism in Lapland, a region in the north of Finland.
the expected increase in passenger numbers ..........................................................................
the month snow starts to fall .....................................................................................................
the number of visitor arrivals by air in the month of April ..........................................................
the cost of the airport expansions .............................................................................................
[4]
(b) Identify the three busiest months for arrivals by air to northern Finland.
1……………………………………………………………………………………………
2……………………………………………………………………………………………
3………………………………………………………………………………………….[3]
(c) Explain three likely reasons for the appeal of a leisure holiday in Lapland.
1…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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…………………………………………………………..2………………………………………………
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…………………..3………………………………………………………………………………………
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[6]
(d) Explain three reasons why destinations expand and update their airports.
1…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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…………………………………………………………..2………………………………………………
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71
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………… [6]
(e) Discuss the ways destinations can increase tourism demand out of the main season.
1…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………..2………………………………………………
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…………………..3………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………………………………… [6]
[6]
[Total: 25]
Question 4
Refer to Fig. 4.1 (Insert), information about how some tour operators are innovating their package
holidays.
(a) State three providers of travel and tourism products, other than tour operators.0[3]
(b) Explain three factors tour operators must consider when creating package holidays.[6]
(c) Explain three likely reasons for the appeal of a door-to-door transfer to tourists.
1…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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…………………..3………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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………………………………………………………………………………… [6]
(d) Explain two ways, other than those mentioned in Fig. 4.1, tour operators could innovate their
package holidays.
1…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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72
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………..2………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………….[4]
(e) Discuss the importance of consumer protection for tourists booking a package holiday.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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……………………………………………………………………………… [6]
[Total: 25]
73
74
75
76
77
Question 1
Refer to Fig. 1.1 (Insert), information about tourism in Chicago.
the name of Chicago’s airport ................................................................................................... the
source market located in Asia .............................................................................................
the number of film festivals .......................................................................................................

[3]
(b) Physical features of a destination can create opportunities or constraints for tourism development.
(i) State one physical feature of Chicago that could be a constraint for tourism development and describe
how Chicago might overcome this.
Physical feature as a constraint ........................................................................................
How Chicago might overcome this ....................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
(ii) State one physical feature of Chicago that could be an opportunity for tourism development and
describe how Chicago might benefit from this.
Physical feature as an opportunity ....................................................................................
How Chicago might benefit from this ................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
(c) Explain three likely reasons why Chicago has more domestic tourists than overseas tourists.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
78
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[6]
(d) Explain the likely appeal of the following attractions to families with children.
Park ..........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
Museum ....................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................... [4]
(e) Discuss the economic benefits to Chicago of attracting more domestic tourists than overseas tourists.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [6]
79
Refer to Fig. 2.1 (Insert), information about well-being holidays.
(a) Identify four outdoor activities included in the well-being holidays shown in Fig. 2.1.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
4 ................................................................................................................................................
[4]
(b) Explain what is meant by the following terms:
full board ...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................... guided
excursion ......................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................... airport
transfer ..........................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[6]
(c) State three products or services likely to be offered at a hotel’s spa facilities.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
[3] (d) Well-being package holidays often include luxury hotel accommodation.
80
Describe three items likely to be included in a luxury hotel bedroom.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[6]
(e) Discuss the likely reasons for the growth in well-being holidays.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
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............................................................................................................................................. [6]

81
Refer to Fig. 3.1 (Insert), a photograph of a tourist shop.
(a) Identify three different products or services provided at the shop shown in Fig. 3.1.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
[3]
(b) Tourism can have positive economic benefits.
Identify the order, from 1 to 4, of the following stages of the tourism multiplier.
Stages of the tourism multiplier Order 1–4
tax is spent on improving facilities for local residents
direct tourism jobs are created
other tourism organisations are attracted to the area
new large tourist resort developed in a destination

[4]
(c) Explain one reason why staff at tourism organisations are required to have:
clean and pressed uniforms .....................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................... no visible
tattoos or piercings ...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................... short and
clean finger nails .......................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
82
................................................................................................................................................... [6]
(d) Travel and tourism products are interrelated.
Explain three likely impacts on the tourism industry when an airline suddenly stops trading.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
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...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[6]
(e) Discuss the role of entertainment venues in the travel and tourism industry.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [6]
83
Refer to Fig. 4.1 (Insert), information about Uluru, a natural and cultural attraction in Australia.
(a) State three continents, other than Australia, located in or partially located in the southern hemisphere.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
[3]
(b) Explain three likely negative social and cultural impacts of tourists visiting sacred sites.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[6] (c) Explain three ways, other than banning direct access, natural attractions can be protected.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
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2 ................................................................................................................................................
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84
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[6]
(d) Explain two ways tourists can be informed about responsible behaviour when visiting sacred cultural
attractions.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[4]
(e) Discuss the importance to destinations of protecting natural and cultural attractions.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
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............................................................................................................................................. [6]
[Total: 25]
Tourism in Chicago
Chicago is a large, vibrant city in the north of the USA. Chicago has become known as the transportation centre
of the USA due to its central location and size.
The city has a major rail terminal and its airport, O’Hare Airport, is the sixth busiest airport in the world.
Chicago is located a long way from the coast. However, the city has a large passenger port and a series of
inland waterways linking it to the north and south of the country.
Tourist numbers to Chicago have increased to over 57 million, the highest the city has ever had.
More domestic tourists visit the city than overseas tourists. Both domestic and overseas tourism are steadily
increasing year on year. The largest increases in overseas visitors to Chicago are from Brazil, Italy, the UK and
South Korea.
Chicago is known for its sports, music, restaurants, theatres, nature reserves, parks, museums and the 26 miles
of open lakefront of Lake Michigan. As well as the many natural and built visitor attractions, Chicago hosts 36
parades, 40 film festivals and 74 music festivals every year.
Fig. 1.1
86
The growth of well-being holidays

Tourists are increasingly choosing holidays that focus on their health and fitness, known as well-being
holidays.
Due to the increase in demand, tour operators are now selling a wider range of well-being package
holidays to suit a variety of tourist types and physical abilities.
Below are two examples of well-being holidays.
Surf, Spa and Yoga in Adadir, Relaxation and Meditation in Bali,
Morocco Indonesia
7 day holiday package includes: 5, 7 or 10 day packages include:
• Air travel to Morocco • Air travel to Bali

• Airport transfers • Airport transfers
• Half board accommodation • Full board accommodation
• Hotel located on the beach front • Swimming pool and jacuzzi
• Outdoor gym and swimming pool • Use of the hotel’s spa facilities
• Yoga lessons every morning on the beach • Remote mountain location
• 5 surf lessons • Daily guided morning walks
• 1 massage • Daily guided excursions to local temples
• Daily fitness lessons on the beach • Guided meditation sessions
• Use of the hotel’s spa facilities • Cycle or motor scooter hire
Fig. 2.1
[Turn over
87
Fig. 3.1
88
Uluru, Australia
Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park is located in central Australia. It is a World Heritage site protected for both its
natural and cultural values.
Within the National Park is Uluru, a large, ancient, red sandstone rock formation which is one of Australia’s
most famous attractions.
The National Park is a sacred site to the Anangu tribe, the indigenous people who have inhabited the land for
over 22 000 years. Uluru itself is a holy place for the Anangu tribe and rituals are still held there today. The
ancient art work on the rocks shows the way of life and traditions of the people who lived and worshipped at
this site.
The attraction is most popular at sunrise and sunset when the golden sun makes the rock colour more vibrant.
When visiting Uluru tourists are asked to respect the Anangu tribe and not climb the rock. However, an
estimated 60 000 people every year ignore this and climb the sacred site causing damage, offending the
Anangu tribe and putting themselves at risk. As a result the National Park authorities have banned all climbing
of the rock.
Fig. 4.1
Question 1
Refer to Fig. 1.1 (Insert), information on tourism in Vietnam.
the number of visitors to Vietnam from Taiwan ......................................................................... the
percentage increase in visitors to Vietnam from South Korea ............................................
if local time in Vietnam is ahead or behind London, UK ...........................................................

[3]
(b) Vietnam’s climate varies from a tropical climate in the south to a temperate climate in the north.
Explain how the following climates influence tourism:
tropical ......................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
89
...................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................... temperate
.................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[4] (c) Extreme weather can directly affect tourism.
Explain three likely effects on tourism when a destination experiences extreme weather.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
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...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[6]
90
Vietnam has seen an increase in visitors arriving by air.
Explain three likely reasons for the growth in air travel.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
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2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[6]
(e) Assess the reasons why Vietnam is so popular with visitors from China.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
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...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [6]
91
Refer to Fig. 2.1 (Insert), a photograph of the Great Pyramid of Khufu, Egypt.
(a) Identify three ways tourists may have travelled to this attraction.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
[3]
(b) Explain how each of the following can reduce environmental impacts at natural attractions:
timed tickets ..............................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
charging for entry ......................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[4]
(c) Tourists may visit tourist attractions such as the one shown in Fig. 2.1 independently or as part of a
package.
Describe each of the following tour operator types:
mass market tour operator .......................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
specialist tour operator .............................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
92
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
outbound tour operator .............................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[6] International tourism in Egypt has decreased due to world events and concerns for safety.
Explain three ways that National Tourist Organisations (NTOs) can increase international tourism in a
destination.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[6]
(e) Assess the appeal of cultural heritage attractions to international tourists.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
93
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [6]
Refer to Fig. 3.1 (Insert), information on the tourist attraction Angkor Archaeological Park, Cambodia.
(a) State three ancillary tourist services.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
[3]
(b) Angkor Archaeological Park allows Cambodian residents under the age of 12 to enter the attraction
for free.
Explain two likely reasons tourist attractions give free entry to local residents.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 .................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[4]
(c) Explain three ways tourist attractions can be sustainable.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
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94
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
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...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[6] Explain three economic benefits associated with a growth in tourism.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
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2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[6]
(e) Discuss the likely impacts of the increase in illegal unregistered guides operating at the Angkor
Archaeological Park.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
95
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [6]
Refer to Fig. 4.1 (Insert), bus timetables departing Larnaca, Cyprus, an island country in the Eastern
Mediterranean.
the price of a one-way ticket on the Larnaca – Protaras bus route
...................................................................................................................................................
the departure time of the first bus to Nicosia on a Saturday
...................................................................................................................................................
the journey time between Larnaca and Nicosia on a Sunday
...................................................................................................................................................
the colour of the Inter City buses
...................................................................................................................................................
the arrival time of the last Inter City bus from Larnaca to Nicosia on a weekday
...................................................................................................................................................
[5]
(b) The bus route from C.T.O Beach to Sunhall Hotel operates evening buses only in the summer time
(May to October).
Explain two likely reasons why this bus route operates more services between the
months of May and October.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
96
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[4]
(c) Nicosia is the capital city of Cyprus.
Explain two likely reasons why tourists travel to a capital city.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[4]
(d) Explain the benefit to overseas tourists of checking transport times in each of the following ways:
internet ......................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................... telephone
..................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................... tourist
information centre ..........................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[6] (e) Discuss the appeal to leisure tourists of travelling around a destination using local bus services.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
98
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [6]
[Total: 25]

99
Fig. 1.1
100
Fig. 2.1
101
[Turn over
Angkor Archaeological Park, Cambodia

Angkor Archaeological Park in Cambodia is one of the largest religious monuments in the
world.
The most famous attractions in the Archaeological Park are the Temple of Angkor Wat and
the Bayon Temple.
The ticket price for the Archaeological Park has increased and now generates over $60
million from visitors. Cambodian residents under the age of 12 can enter the Park for free.
$2 from each ticket sold is donated to local children’s charities.
All tour operators that include the Archaeological Park within their package holiday are
required, by law, to use Cambodian trained and registered guides. However, there has been
an increase in illegal unregistered guides operating at the Archaeological Park.
Over 2 million tourists visit Angkor Wat Temple a year and tourist numbers to the sacred site
are expected to increase.
Fig. 3.1
102
Bus timetables departing Larnaca, Cyprus
INTER CITY BUSES (GREEN BUSES)

TEL: 555 643555 www.intercitybuses.com
LARNACA – NICOSIA LARNACA – PROTARAS C.T.O BEACH – SUNHALL

HOTEL
Monday – Friday Monday – Saturday
Price: €5 one way €8 return Price: €5 one way €8 return
Departure Arrival Departure Arrival Departure Arrival
6:15 7:30 8:30 10:00 8:00 8:30

6:45 9:00 9:00 11:00 9:00 10:30 9:30 10:00
10:00 13:00 9:30 11:00 11:30 12:00
11:00 14:30 14:30 15:00
13:00 16:00 15:30 16:00
14:30 17:00 15:00 17:00 17:30 18:00
16:15 17:45 15:30 17:30
16:00 18:00
SUMMER TIME ONLY
19:30 20:00
22:00 22:30
LARNACA – NICOSIA LARNACA – LIMASSOL
Saturday Saturday
Departure Arrival Departure Arrival
7:30 9:00 11:00 13:00 8:00 13:00

13:00 18:00
LARNACA – NICOSIA LARNACA – LIMASSOL

Sunday Sunday
Departure Arrival Departure Arrival
8:00 9:30 8:00 13:00

9:00 10:30
16:00 17:30
17:00 18:30
Fig. 4.1
103
Question 1
Refer to Fig. 1 (Insert), information about shopping as a reason for travel.
• the number of international tourists to New York City
...........................................................................................................................................
• the amount spent on shopping
...........................................................................................................................................
• the continent that New York City is in
...........................................................................................................................................
• the amount of sales taxes generated from shopping each year
...................................................................................................................................... [4]
(b) State the three main reasons for travel.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
3 ........................................................................................................................................... [3]
(c) Describe three services that hotels might provide for shopping tourists.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
104
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [6]
(d) Explain three ways that national governments can encourage the growth of tourism.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 . ...............................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [6]
(e) Discuss the possible positive social and cultural impacts associated with selling traditional arts and crafts
as souvenirs.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
105
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [6]
Refer to Fig. 2 (Insert), information about tourism in Japan.
• the capital of Japan
...........................................................................................................................................
• the name of the sea located north and west of Japan
...........................................................................................................................................
• if local time in Japan is ahead of or behind London, UK
...........................................................................................................................................
• the number of inbound tourists to Japan
...................................................................................................................................... [4]
(b) Tourists can travel to Japan independently or as part of a package holiday.
Describe the chain of distribution between tour operators and travel agents.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [4]
(c) Describe how an increase in inbound tourism may lead to an increase in import leakage.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
106
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [3]
(d) Explain three roles of national tourism organisations such as the Japan National Tourism Organisation
(JNTO).
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [6]
(e) State two services that tour operators provide for their customers when at a destination.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(f) Assess the likely factors that have contributed to the growth of inbound tourism in Japan.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
107
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [6]
[Total: 25]
108
Question 3
Refer to Photograph A (Insert), a member of cabin crew demonstrating safety procedures.
(a) State three ways passengers onboard an aircraft are given safety instructions.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [3]
(b) Explain one benefit to passengers of each of the following inflight services:
duty free shopping ....................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................... inflight
magazine .......................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [4]
(c) Describe one service that airlines provide inflight for passengers with the following needs:
travelling with young children ...................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................... hearing
difficulties .....................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
109
...................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................... dietary
needs ............................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [6]
(d) When arriving at an airport passengers may need to use connecting transport to get to their final
destination.
Explain the benefit to international tourists of each of the following methods of transport found at airports:
taxi ............................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................... train
...........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................... local bus
service .......................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [6]
(e) Discuss the services provided by airlines for pilgrim tourists.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
110
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [6]
[Total: 25]
111
Question 4
Refer to Photograph B (Insert), a travel agency in Hanoi, Vietnam.
(a) Identify four services offered by the travel agency.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
4 ........................................................................................................................................... [4]
(b) State three ways that travel agents can provide information for their customers.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
3 ........................................................................................................................................... [3]
(c) Travel agents sell many different products which appeal to different types of tourists.
Describe the following products offered by travel agents:
package holiday ........................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................... travel
insurance ........................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................... airport
transfer ..........................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [6]
(d) Tourists can book tours in many different ways.
Explain three likely reasons why tourists might use a local travel agent at their destination to
book a tour.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [6]
(e) Assess the importance to travel agents of selling ancillary services.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
113
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................. [6] [Total: 25]
Fig. 1 for Question 1
Shopping as a reason for travel
For many tourists shopping has become an important reason for travel.
Tourists used to go on vacation to sightsee. By plane, train or car, tourists set out to explore what the
destination had to offer.
North America is home to some impressive natural sights, world-class museums and galleries, dining,
festivals, events and more. Though these attractions still appeal to tourists, a new trend has emerged:
shopping.
Shopping tourism in New York City (NYC)
New York City receives 10 million international tourists each year; the most of any city in the USA.
NYC & Company, the city’s official tourism marketing organisation, estimates that almost 25 cents out
of every dollar spent by visitors in New York City is spent on shopping. Travellers spend approximately
$8 billion (USD) in the city’s stores and shops, generating $750 million (USD) annually in sales taxes
for the city.
Fig. 1
114
Fig. 2
115
[Turn over
Photograph A for Question 3
Photograph A
116
Photograph B for Question 4
Photograph B
Question 1
Refer to Fig. 1 (Insert), information on tourism in Goa, a state on the southwest coast of India.
• the number of international visitors to Goa ....................................................................... •
the percentage increase in domestic visitors ....................................................................
• the total number of visitors to Goa ....................................................................................
• the name of Goa’s bird sanctuary ..................................................................................[4]
(b) Goa has a tropical monsoon climate.

117
Explain how the monsoon climate affects tourism seasonality in Goa.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[3]
(c) Goa has a variety of accommodation types including homestays where tourists stay in the homes of local
people.
Explain two possible reasons for the appeal of homestays to international tourists.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[4]
(d) Goa attracts more domestic visitors than international visitors.
Explain two possible reasons for the appeal of Goa to domestic visitors.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
118
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[4]
(e) There are plans to develop Goa’s river tourism.
State four ways that rivers in Goa may be developed for tourism use.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
4 ................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[4]
(f) Assess the benefits to Goa’s tourism industry of developing river tourism in Goa.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
119
...............................................................................................................................................[6]
[Total: 25]
120
Question 2
Refer to Photograph A (Insert), tourists taking a guided tour around an indigenous Maori settlement in New
Zealand.
(a) Identify three ways that tourists are kept safe during the guided tour.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
3 ............................................................................................................................................[3]
(b) Define the term guided tour.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[2]
(c) State three different types of training for tour guides. Explain how each type of training would benefit
customers.
Training 1: .................................................................................................................................
How customers benefit: ............................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
Training 2: .................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
Training 3: .................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
121
...............................................................................................................................................[6]
(d) Explain two ways that tour guides can be:
welcoming .................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................... ethical
.......................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[4]
(e) Explain how guided tours of indigenous settlements might contribute to the following negative social and
cultural impacts:
changes in family structure .......................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................... staged
authenticity ....................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[4]
(f) Assess the benefits to indigenous communities of opening their settlements to tourists.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
122
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[6]
[Total: 25]
123
Question 3
Refer to Photograph B (Insert), tourists checking in at an airport using the self-check-in machines.
(a) Identify three customer facilities, other than self-check-in, shown in Photograph B.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
3 ............................................................................................................................................[3]
(b) Describe the appeal of self-check-in at airports to the following tourists:
business tourists .......................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................... families
.....................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[4]
(c) Explain three ways that airports provide for tourists in a wheelchair.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
124
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[6]
(d) Explain three likely negative impacts of airport expansion for the local population.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[6]
(e) Assess the risks associated with destinations becoming over-dependent on tourism.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
125
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[6]
Refer to Fig. 2 (Insert), information on the Gotthard Base Tunnel in Switzerland.
• the journey time through the tunnel
...........................................................................................................................................
• the name of the mountain range the tunnel passes through
...........................................................................................................................................
• the speed the passenger trains will travel through the tunnel
.......................................................................................................................................[3]
(b) Explain the benefits to tourists of purchasing train tickets in the following ways:
online ........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................... ticket
counter at station .............................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[4]
126
(c) Explain three negative environmental impacts associated with mountain tourism.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[6]
(d) Explain three risks to tourists associated with international travel.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
127
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[6]
(e) Assess the appeal of train travel to tourists.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[6]
128
[Total: 25 Fig. 1 for Question 1

129
Goa Tourism
Goa is a state located on the southwest coast of India. It provides a variety of accommodation
types for visitors, from 5-star luxury hotels to homestays.
Tourists are attracted to Goa for many reasons; 120 kilometres of beaches with lifeguards and
24- hour law enforcement, well developed cities, nature reserves, water sports, cathedrals,
temples and much more.
Map of the state of Goa
Goa welcomes a total of 5.3 million visitors a year.
Domestic arrivals have increased by 34% and international visitors have increased by 5.4%.
Visitors to Goa
International
visitors,
541 000
Domestic
visitors,
4 800 000
The new e-tourist visa scheme has helped increase international arrivals to Goa. Tourists from
150 countries can now apply, pay for and receive an e-tourist visa online.
130
Fig. 1
A group of tourists viewing a geothermal vent as part of a guided tour.

131
Photograph A
Photograph B
[Turn over
132
The world’s longest train tunnel, Switzerland

The new Gotthard Base Tunnel is 57 kilometres long and is 2300 metres below the Gotthard
Massif mountain range in the Alps. It is the longest railway tunnel in the world and offers
high -speed travel.
• Passenger trains travel through the tunnel at speeds of up to 200 km/h.
• The journey time through the tunnel is 20 minutes.
• There are 65 scheduled trains per day that travel through the tunnel.
The tunnel is owned by Swiss Federal Railways. It took 17 years to build and was state funded.
133
Fig. 2
Question 1
Refer to Fig. 1 (Insert), information about Thailand’s tourism industry.
• the percentage increase in Thailand’s visitor arrivals ........................................................ •
the capital of Thailand ........................................................................................................
• the amount these tourists spend ........................................................................................

[3]
(b) Explain two likely reasons why Thailand’s top 5 source markets are from Asia.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
134
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................... [4]
(c) The Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) aims to attract tourists from the luxury market, who spend more
and stay longer.
Explain two advantages and two disadvantages to Thailand of encouraging higher spending
tourists.
Advantage 1 .............................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
Advantage 2 .............................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
Disadvantage 1 .........................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
Disadvantage 2 .........................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
135
................................................................................................................................................... [8]
(d) State four likely risks for tourists when in Thailand.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
4 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[4]
(e) Discuss the ways that the Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) could encourage tourists to stay longer.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[6]
[Total: 25]
136
Question 2
Refer to Photograph A (Insert), tourists queuing at immigration in Vancouver Airport, Canada.
(a) State three services provided at airports for inbound tourists.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
[3]
(b) Describe three ways that airports can manage large crowds of people.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................... [6]
(c) When waiting in an airport travellers are provided with information about check-in desks, waiting times
for flights and departure gates.
Explain one advantage to passengers of receiving information about flights in each of the following ways:
display boards ..........................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
137
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
announcements ........................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[4]
(d) Explain three benefits to passengers of checking-in online.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................... [6]
(e) Discuss the benefits of booking a flight with a travel agent rather than online.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
138
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[6]
[Total: 25]
139
Question 3
Refer to Photograph B (Insert), a tourist checking-in at a hostel.
(a) Identify three services being provided for tourists checking-in to the hostel.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
[3]
(b) Describe three situations when staff at the hostel may use a diary to communicate with other
employees.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................... [6]
(c) Describe three characteristics of hostel accommodation.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
140
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[6]
(d) Checking-in to accommodation is likely to be the first experience that tourists have with the employees.
Explain two interpersonal skills required when working at a reception desk, such as the one shown in
Photograph B.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................... [4]
(e) Discuss the reasons why hostels might appeal to single travellers.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
141
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[6]
[Total: 25]
142
Question 4
Refer to Fig. 2 (Insert), information about the tourism industry in Azerbaijan.
(a) Identify three reasons for the appeal of Azerbaijan.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[3]
(b) Describe three likely developments to tourism infrastructure when a destination experiences an increase
in international arrivals.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................... [6]
(c) Explain the benefit to Azerbaijan’s Tourism Authority of the following tourism promotion methods:
143
tourist information centres in other countries ............................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
attending trade fairs ..................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
brochures and leaflets distributed in other countries ................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[6]
(d) Explain one advantage and one disadvantage of Azerbaijan having a growing number of international
branded hotels.
Advantage ................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
Disadvantage ............................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................... [4]
144
(e) One way to encourage tourism in an area is to host events such as food festivals or sporting
events. Azerbaijan hosted the 2015 European Games.
Discuss the ways hosting events can help to encourage tourism in an area.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[6]
[Total: 25]
S.MUTONHERE
145
Thailand’s Visitor Numbers

Thailand’s visitor arrivals have reached a high of 29.88 million, an increase of 20%.
These visitors spend approximately 1.44 trillion Baht ( $41 billion (USD)) whilst in
Thailand.
Thailand’s top 10 source markets are:
1. China
2. Malaysia
3. Japan
4. South Korea
5. Laos
6. India
7. UK
8. Singapore
9. Russia
10. USA
The Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) aims to encourage higher spending and longer
stays to be more competitive.
Fig. 1
S.MUTONHERE
146
Photograph A
S.MUTONHERE
147
[Turn over
Photograph B
S.MUTONHERE
148
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan has a rich historical, cultural and natural heritage that attracts visitors from all over the
world.
Tourists are attracted to Azerbaijan for the natural areas, mineral springs, ancient architecture,
unique culture and cuisine. Azerbaijan’s tourism industry includes business, sport, medical,
educational, hunting, exotic, beach, and food tourists.
Approximately 2.5 million international tourists visit each year and this number is increasing. In
the capital, Baku, and other tourist areas there are a number of hotels, a growing number of which
are internationally recognised brands.
Tourism is one of the priorities of Azerbaijan’s state policy and holds great promise for economic
development.
Fig. 2
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Question 1
Refer to Fig. 1 (Insert), information about Ramadan in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
• the continent that the UAE is in
......................................................................................... • the percentage of
tourists that have never learnt about the local culture ..........................
• if local time in Dubai is ahead of or behind London, UK

...................................................
[3]
(b) United Arab Emirates is a desert country.
Describe two tourist activities likely in desert areas.
1 ..............................................................................................................................................
..
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ..............................................................................................................................................
..
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................... [4]
(c) Explain two reasons why tour operators should ensure that their customers are aware of
and respect local religious practices.
1 ..............................................................................................................................................
..
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
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150
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ..............................................................................................................................................
..
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[6]
(d) Describe three ways that tourists can minimise their social and cultural impacts when
at a destination.
1 ..............................................................................................................................................
..
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ..............................................................................................................................................
..
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ..............................................................................................................................................
..
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................... [6]
(e) Discuss the role of National Tourist Boards in minimising negative social and cultural impacts.
...................................................................................................................................................
S.MUTONHERE
151
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[6]
[Total: 25]
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Question 2
Refer to photograph A (Insert), a couple arriving at an island resort by seaplane.
(a) Identify three ways that the staff shown in photograph A are welcoming the tourists.
1 ..............................................................................................................................................
..
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ..............................................................................................................................................
..
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ..............................................................................................................................................
..
...................................................................................................................................................
[3]
(b) Explain two reasons why island resorts are likely to be all-inclusive.
1 ..............................................................................................................................................
..
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ..............................................................................................................................................
..
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................... [4]
(c) Explain three likely reasons why some island resorts use seaplanes to transport their customers
rather than boats.
1 ..............................................................................................................................................
..
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
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153
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ..............................................................................................................................................
..
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ..............................................................................................................................................
..
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[6]
(d) The staff in photograph A are dressed in uniforms.
Explain three reasons why staff in resorts wear uniforms.
1 ..............................................................................................................................................
..
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ..............................................................................................................................................
..
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ..............................................................................................................................................
..
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................... [6]
(e) Discuss what is meant by the phrase “tourist destinations are amalgams”.
S.MUTONHERE
154
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[6]
[Total: 25]
S.MUTONHERE
155
Question 3
Refer to Fig. 2 (Insert), information about holiday planning.
• the percentage of adults that are concerned about terror attacks when on holiday
...........................................................................................................................................
• the percentage of tourists that would postpone their holiday in the event of a terror
incident
...........................................................................................................................................
• the percentage of tourists that book their holiday online

...................................................
[3]
(b) State four factors, other than terrorism, that are likely to influence a tourist’s choice of
destination.
1 ..............................................................................................................................................
..
2 ..............................................................................................................................................
..
3 ..............................................................................................................................................
..
4 ..............................................................................................................................................
..
[4]
(c) Terrorism as well as political and global events may cause a drop in tourist numbers.
Describe three negative economic impacts that are likely in the event of a drop in
tourist numbers.
1 ..............................................................................................................................................
..
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ..............................................................................................................................................
..
S.MUTONHERE
156
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ..............................................................................................................................................
..
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................... [6]
(d) Explain three ways that tourists can research the safety of destinations.
1 ..............................................................................................................................................
..
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ..............................................................................................................................................
..
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ..............................................................................................................................................
..
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[6]
(e) Discuss how terrorism has affected global travel trends.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
S.MUTONHERE
157
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[6]
Refer to Photograph B (Insert), tourists watching local wildlife whilst on a canoe tour of the Zambezi
River, Zambia.
(a) State three likely sporting activities available for tourists in natural environments.
1 ..............................................................................................................................................
..
2 ..............................................................................................................................................
..
3 ..............................................................................................................................................
..
[3]
(b) Sports tourism is an example of specialised tourism.
State two other types of specialised tourism.
1 ..............................................................................................................................................
..
2 ..............................................................................................................................................
..
[2]
(c) Explain two reasons why camping may appeal to tourists.
1 ..............................................................................................................................................
..
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
S.MUTONHERE
158
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ..............................................................................................................................................
..
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................... [4]
(d) Tourists are often given rules to follow to protect the natural environment that they are visiting.
Explain three likely rules for tourists to follow to minimise their environmental
impact.
1 ..............................................................................................................................................
..
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ..............................................................................................................................................
..
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
3 ..............................................................................................................................................
..
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
[6]
(e) Sport tourists may use public transport to move between areas.
Explain one advantage and one disadvantage for a sport tourist of using public
transport.
advantage .................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
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159
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
disadvantage
............................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................... [4]
(f) Assess the likely positive environmental impacts of tourism in natural environments.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...............................................................................................................................................[6]
[Total: 25]
S.MUTONHERE
160
Tourists and Ramadan

Gulf states such as the United Arab Emirates (UAE) have strict laws governing
behaviour in public during the religious period of Ramadan.
A recent survey of international tourists in the UAE revealed that:
• 72 % said they had very little knowledge of local customs

• 25 % said they had never tried to learn about the local culture
Ramadan in Dubai
In Dubai it is against the law to eat or drink during sunlight hours when worshippers
are fasting for the period of Ramadan.
Cannons are fired to mark the beginning and the end of the day’s fast. The sound
of the cannons also lets tourists know that the daily fast has ended and people can
resume eating and drinking in public for the evening.
DOHA Dubai
Fig. 1
S.MUTONHERE
161
Photograph A
S.MUTONHERE
162
[Turn over
Holiday Planning
Many people planning a holiday rate the risk of terrorism in destinations as their biggest
concern.
A recent study of tourists who were planning an overseas holiday showed that 35% of adults
are concerned about terror attacks when on holiday.
The study also showed that in the event of a terror incident in or near a holiday destination:
• 53% would change their destination or cancel their holiday

• 14% would postpone their holiday
• 33% would not change their plans
Older tourists and those with young children displayed a higher rate of concern about
terrorism than younger travellers aged 16–24.
Further research about holiday planning has shown that:
• 90% research their holiday online before travelling

• 80% now book their holiday via the internet
• 80% use comparison sites to check exchange rates
• 40% buy foreign currency online
Fig. 2
S.MUTONHERE
163
Photograph B
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1a) Briefly explain the meaning of the term ancillary service

b) Describe 3 roles of ancillary services in the travel and tourism industry.

2 Refer to Fig. 2.1 (Insert), a photograph of the front of a hotel.

(ii) State two sustainability standards that could be introduced in hotels.

(c) Explain two benefits of hotel staff speaking multiple languages.

tour operators ...........................................................................................................................

visitor attractions .......................................................................................................................

Treetop Walking Path ...............................................................................................................

Anykščiai forest ........................................................................................................................

(ii) Identify one product provided at the Treetop Walking Path.

social media influence ..............................................................................................................

government policies ..................................................................................................................

Fig. 2.1 for Question 2

Treetop Walking Path

1 Refer to Fig. 1.1 (Insert), information about tourism in city destinations.

(a) Identify the following:

the country Toronto is in .............................................................................................................

the average percentage of jobs from tourism in cities ..............................................................

(b) Identify three transport gateways likely to be found in cities.

(a) State three natural attractions.

visitor numbers ..............................................................................................................

(c) Explain three positive environmental benefits of gorilla trekking.

(e) Assess the importance of the environment to tourism.

(a) State three types of passenger water transport.

State two features of each of the following cruise products:

South Asia ................................................................................................................................

(e) Discuss the reasons why cruises have become so popular.

(b) Australia is located in the Southern Hemisphere, south of the Equator.

(e) Discuss the importance of seasonality to tour operators.

Fig. 1.1 for Question 1

On average tourism represents 5.7% of jobs within cities.

Fig. 2.1 for Question 2

Gorilla Trekking in Uganda

Fig. 4.1 for Question 4

1 Refer to Fig. 1.1 (Insert), information about mountain tourism.

(b) State three natural disasters likely in mountain regions.

(e) Evaluate the importance of destinations developing year-round tourism.

(a) Identify the following:

the country which is 10 hours ahead (+10) of GMT .................................................................. the

time in India would be ahead of or behind GMT ......................................................... the country

which is 8 hours ahead (+8) of GMT ......................................................................

the name of the line shown on the map ....................................................................................

(a) Identify three types of travel expenses.

(b) Describe two ways destinations are perishable.

economy of India ......................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................... social and

cultural understanding .............................................................................................

[Total: 25] 4 Refer to Fig. 4.1 (Insert), a photograph of a museum.

(a) State three services likely to be provided by museums.

Fig. 1.1 for Question 1

The development of tourism in mountain destinations is often restricted by climatic conditions,

To ensure the future of these destinations, tourism must be sustainable.

Fig. 2.1 for Question 2

Fig. 3.1 for Question 3

Domestic tourism in India

To qualify for the refund tourists must:

Fig. 4.1 for Question 4

(a) Identify the following:

the fee for home sharing accommodation ................................................................................ the

number of visitors to St Lucia .............................................................................................

the percentage of staying visitors in St Lucia ...........................................................................

(b) State four different types of accommodation.