TITLE PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
DEDICATION
ABSTRACT
 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the study
Normally before now electrical/electronics appliances such as TV sets, electric stove, airconditiona were
being controlled through the manual way which involve switches, fuse, circuit breaker,change over, etc.
to turn on/off appliances and also individual to be around for proper monitoring and maintainace.
Leaving the lights on and other devices happens often enough, and can be not just annoying but
wasteful and hazadious. Sometimes it could be that you forgot to turn off a number of lights when you
left in a hurry to work in the morning, other times it could just be that the kids turned all the lights on,
while playing and forgot to turn them off. These are clear signs that your home appliances needs to be
automated

Automation of appliances is the control of electronic devices in your home using (IOT). These devices are
connected to the Internet, which allows them to be controlled remotely, with automation of appliances
devices can be trigger so you don’t have to control them manually, But via an app or voice assistant. For
example, you can put your lights on schedules so that they turn off when you normally go to sleep, or
you can have your thermostat turn the A/C up about an hour before you return home so you don’t have
to return to a stuffy house. Automation of appliances makes life more convenient and can even save you
money on heating, cooling and electricity bills. Automation of appliances can also lead to greater safety
with Internet of Things devices like security light etc.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system that allows devices to be connected and remotely monitored
across the Internet. Last years, the IoT concept had a strong evolution, being currently used in various
domains such as smart homes, telemedicine, industrial environments, etc. Wireless sensor network
technologies integrated into the IoT enable a global interconnection of smart devices with advanced
functionalities. A wireless home automation network, composed of sensors and actuators that share
resources and are interconnected to each other, is the key technology to making intelligent homes. A
“smart home” is a part of the IoT paradigm and aims to integrate home automation. Allowing objects
and devices in a home to be connected to the Internet enables users to remotely monitor and control
them. These include light switches that can be turned on and off by using a smartphone or by voice
command, thermostats that will adjust the indoor temperatures and generate reports about energy
usage, or smart irrigation systems that will start at a specific time of a day, on a custom monthly
schedule, and thus will control water waste. Smart home solutions have become very popular in the
last years. Figure 1 shows an example of a smart home that uses different IoT-connected utilities
(Stolojescu-Crisan, Crisan, & Butunoi, 2021).
One of the greatest advantages of Automation of aplliance systems is their easy management
and control using different devices, including smartphones, laptops and desktops, tablets, smart
watches, or voice assistants. Automation of appliances offer a series of benefits; they add safety
through appliance and lighting control, secure the home through automated door locks, increase
awareness through (IOT) dashboard, increase convenience through scheduling , save precious time,
give control, and save money
Several home automation systems involved with IoT have been proposed by academic
researchers in the literature in the last decade. In wireless-based home automation systems, different
technologies have been used, each of them with their pros and cons. For example, Bluetooth-based
automation [4,5,6] is low cost, fast, and easy to be installed, but it is limited to short distances. GSM
and ZigBee are widely used wireless technologies as well. GSM provides long-range communication at
the cost of a mobile plan of the service provider that operates in the area

1.2 Stetement of problem

 Poor energy consumption management : Leaving some of your appliances “on” when not nec-
essary consume a lot of power like example Air-condition, security light.

 Poor preventive maintenance: we can hardly predict the problem of our appliances in ad-
vance,and there is little or no maintenance

1.3 Aim and objectives of the study

The aim of this study is to create a system that automates appliances which can be control or monitor
using signals from them through the internet.

The objectives of the studies are;

 Creating an automated environment for the appliances to interect

 Creating a network that interect between the user and appliances

 Creating an internet network that will enables user communicate with device from anywere in
the world

1.4 Scope and limitation of the study

This study will create a system that automate electrical appliances such as bulb, fan, switch etc. in our
home and offices which can be controlled online using our mobile phones, tablet, laptop through voice
assistance.

 Power source to the appliances: the appliances must be connected to the source of electricity in
order to function

 Internet connection: for automation of appliances to be controlled from any where in the world,
it must be connected to the internet through a rougter

 The maintenance requires technical know how: for maintenance and repair a well professional
electrician is required to do so, not any road side technician for safty.
 Cost: Extremely expensive: Although a lot of smart home devices are now affordable for many,
but still it is extremely expensive to fully equip a home with smart devices. However, most
computing technology becomes progressively more powerful & less expensive and this will be
undoubtedly applicable for smart home devices as well.

 Greater acceptance: A lot of new technology can sometimes be seen as unnecessary & some
people may currently view automation of appliances in this way. But in the same way that, over
the years, we have seen devices such as washing machines, microwave ovens & TV remote
controls become indispensable in the home, it is probable that in a few years, no one will
question the fact that they control their lights with a voice command.

 Wireless security: Almost all smart devices derive their functionality from some form of wireless
communication (Wi-Fi or Bluetooth). As with all digital communications, there is potential for
hackers to intercept wireless communications and use this to gain access to your smart home
devices. Wi-Fi is one of the most common ways to connect to smart home devices, so it is
important that you protect your home Wi-Fi router as well as you can.

 c) Integrated systems: Some manufacturers offer integrated smart home systems, where one
system is used to control all of the smart home devices. The obvious risk here is if hackers gain
access to the system then they can control everything in your smart home.

 App security: Smart home devices are usually linked to companion apps that can be used to
control the devices. However, to do this they are granted a range of permissions that influence
the functionality of the device, such as being able to open and close a smart lock that is securing
your home.If hackers gain access to these apps then it could have considerable security
implications, as they will be able to control access to your home. The best way to mitigate
against this is to ensure your smart home apps are as up-to-date as possible and that you install
any software & security updates that become available for the apps.

1.5 Significance of the study

 Automation of appliance helps us to monitor and control our appliances even from a
remote location

 Automation of appliance is also design to help handicapped and aged people to be able
to control the appliances without moving from one point to and also.

 Automation of appliance is also design to help handicapped and aged people to be able to
control the appliances without moving from one point to and also.

 Automation of aplliances also keeps your abode safe,and prenvents some accidental issues
such as fire breake out appliances breake down and other disasters.

1.6 Definition of term

  AUTOMATION OF APPLIANCES: “Automation of appliances ” refers to the automatic and
electronic control of household features, activity, and appliances. In simple terms, it means you
can easily control the utilities and features of your home via the Internet to make life more
convenient and secure, and even spend less on household bills.

 INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT): The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a system of interrelated,
internet-connected objects that are able to collect and transfer data over a wireless network
without human intervention

 ACTUATOR: An actuator is a device that produces a motion by converting energy and signals
going into the system. The motion it produces can be either rotary or linear. An actuator is a
device that produces a motion by converting energy and signals going into the system. ... The
actuator could be electrical, pneumatic or hydraulic

2 CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 History of internet of things
Kevin Ashton, co-founder of the Auto-ID Center at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), first
mentioned the internet of things in a presentation he made to Procter &Gamble (P&G) in 1999. Wanting
to bring radio frequency ID (RFID) to the attention of P&G's senior management, Ashton called his
presentation "Internet of Things" to incorporate the cool new trend of 1999: the internet. MIT professor
Neil Gershenfeld's book, When Things Start to Think, also appeared in 1999. It didn't use the exact term
but provided a clear vision of where IoT was headed.

IoT has evolved from the convergence of wireless technologies, microelectromechanical systems
(MEMSes), microservices and the internet. The convergence has helped tear down the silos between
operational technology (OT) and information technology (IT), enabling unstructured machine-generated
data to be analyzed for insights to drive improvements. Although Ashton's was the first mention of the
internet of things, the idea of connected devices has been around since the 1970s, under the monikers
embedded internet and pervasive computing. The first internet appliance, for example, was a Coke
machine at Carnegie Mellon University in the early 1980s. Using the web, programmers could check the
status of the machine and determine whether there would be a cold drink awaiting them, should they
decide to make the trip to the machine. IoT evolved from M2M communication, i.e., machines
connecting to each other via a network without human interaction. M2M refers to connecting a device
to the cloud, managing it and collecting data.Taking M2M to the next level, IoT is a sensor network of
billions of smart devices that connect people, systems and other applications to collect and share data.
As its foundation, M2M offers the connectivity that enables IoT. The internet of things is also a natural
extension of supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA), a category of software application
programs for process control, the gathering of data in real time from remote locations to control
equipment and conditions. SCADA systems include hardware and software components. The hardware
gathers and feeds data into a computer that has SCADA software installed, where it is then processed
and presented in a timely manner. The evolution of SCADA is such that late-generation SCADA systems
developed into first-generation IoT systems. The concept of the IoT ecosystem, however, didn't really
come into its own until the middle of 2010 when, in part, the government of China said it would make
IoT a strategic priority in its five-year plan.

In 2016, HAS using IOT focuses on the use of renewable energy sources, in this case solar energy, solar
energy is used to power the appliances involved. Generally, the system developed can be divided into
Hardware unit and Software unit. The Hardware unit consists of the Raspberry Pi, sensors (PIR,
Temperature and Float) and actuators, the raspberry pi functions as a PC and is responsible for the
interconnectivity of the sensor to the web page my SQL (also serves as GUI), android app was built on a
Samsung Mobile is used as remote control to monitor home appliances. The android app, Raspberry’s
Raspbian OS and My SQL are the software unit of the system. LDRs were also used to track the exact
location of the sun in order to generate the highest amount of power possible at any instant. This
research strength lies in the use of solar energy for powering but severely limited by the cost of
Raspberry Pi and scalability.

The use of Bluetooth as communication protocol of Home Automation System has been used0 due to its
serial and USB features. The system was divided into two units Software Design and Main Control Board;
software design presented the different approaches of turning ON or OFF any appliance and these
include Low Voltage Activating switches (push button), Window GUI and Android GUI. The Main Control
Board comprised of the PIC18F2550, relays, USB and Bluetooth Module- Blue Bee necessary for
communicating with and control of home appliances. While this system provides redundant systems in
the use of USB interface and Low Voltage Activating Switches in the Main Control Board, the main
communication technique which is the Bluetooth is limited to 100 meters and therefore this application
may not be suitable for large coverage area.

Earlier Home Automation Syatem that is SMS based through the use of Arduino Uno and GSM Module
(SIM 800) was designed. Home appliances are controlled via the use of SMS from a pre-registered user
number; the system was divided into two sections, Control Section and Software Section. The Control
Section monitors the surrounding for faulty parameters as preset by the user through the use of
modules and sensors; the Software Section serves as the remote-control console. This system provides
security measures against fire incidents and provides easy access to control home appliances but is
severely limited due to overreliance on the signal strength at a particular period of time. Thus, a Home
Automation System using Internet connection for control and SMS for alerting is developed in this
research work with a web page serving as Graphic User Interface (GUI) accessed via web browsers
(Opera Mini, UC Browser, and Apple’s Safari) used as remote control access medium.

3 CHAPTER THREE: SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

 Data collection
Requirement
Research Work
Gathering Analysis
IC Component
Arduino IDE
System Design Micro
Controller
A Hub
Google
Implementation Gmail
Sinric pro
Andriod app
Testing Tablet
Laptop
Market
Deployment Customers
Environment
Analyse
Feedback
Maintenance
Create new
features

Component used

Arduino IDE

Esp8266 micro controller

Relay modules

Rougter

3.1 ANALYSIS
3.2 ANALIYSIS OF EXISTING SYSTEM

3.3 FACT FINDING TECHNIQUES

3.3.1 INPUT DESIGN
3.3.2 OUTPUT DESIGN
3.4 DOCUMENTATION
3.4.1 SYSTEM REQUIREMENT
3.4.2 USER DOCUMENTATION
3.4.3 PROGRAM DOCUMENTATION
3.5 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DESIGN
3.5.1 PROGRAM TESTING
3.5.2 VALIDATION AND VERIFICATION
3.5.3 SYSTEM TESTING

4 CHAPTER FOUR: RESULT ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

4.1 FINDINGS
4.2 ADVANTAGES OF THE NEW SYSTEM OVER THE EXISTING SYSTEM

5 CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 SUMMARY
5.2 CONCLUSION
5.3 RECOMMENDATION

6 REFERENCES

Stolojescu-Crisan, C., Crisan, C., & Butunoi, B.-P. (2021). An IoT-Based Smart Home Automation

System. Sensors, 21(11), 3784. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21113784

Rana, J. R. (2010, April 10). Based Home Automation. Retrieved from SSRN:
http://ssrn.com/abstract=1587245 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1587245

APPENDIX