Formal Report No.

9
LINK 1: PROPERTIES OF CARBOXYLIC ACID
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dONK1LgH2cA
I. Outcomes
At the end of the laboratory activity, students are expected to:
1. Describe the different properties of carboxylic acids and derivatives
2. Describe the different properties of nitrogen containing organic compounds
3. Describe how one can synthesize different organic compound from a starting material
4. Write the chemical equation for the chemical reactions that have been shown in the
videos.

II. Materials and Equipment:

 water
 sodium bicarbonate
 potassium permanganate
 beaker
 test tubes
 acetic acid
 oleic acid
 stearic acid
 succinic acid
 lactic acid
 oxalic acid
 formic acid
Procedure:
Test I. Solubility of Different Carboxylic Acids Towards Water
1. Put 3 ml of water into five test tubes.
2. Add three drops of acetic acid to the first test tube. Shake and observe.
3. Add three drops of oleic acid to the second test tube. Shake and observe.
4. Add a pinch of stearic acid to the third test tube. Shake and observe.
5. Add a pinch of succinic acid to the fourth test tube. Shake and observe.
6. Add a pinch of benzoic acid to the fifth test tube. Shake and observe.
7. Record all the observed results.
Test II. Solubility of Different Carboxylic Acids Towards 10% Sodium Bicarbonate
1. Put 3 ml of 10% sodium bicarbonate into five test tubes.
2. Add three drops of acetic acid to the first test tube. Shake and observe.
3. Add three drops of oleic acid to the second test tube. Shake and observe.
4. Add a pinch of stearic acid to the third test tube. Shake and observe.
 5. Add a pinch of succinic acid to the fourth test tube. Shake and observe.
6. Add a pinch of benzoic acid to the fifth test tube. Shake and observe.
7. Record all the observed results.
Test III. Action of Oxidizing Agent (KmNO4) on Carboxylic Acids
1. Put 3 ml of potassium permanganate into five test tubes.
2. Add three drops of acetic acid to the first test tube. Shake and put on a hot water
bath. Observe.
3. Add three drops of lactic acid to the second test tube. Shake and put on a hot
water bath. Observe.
4. Add a pinch of oxalic acid to the third test tube. Shake and put on a hot water
bath. Observe.
5. Add a pinch of succinic acid to the fourth test tube. Shake and put on a hot water
bath. Observe.
6. Add three drops of formic acid to the fifth test tube. Shake and put on a hot water
bath. Observe.
7. Record all the observed results.

Results:
Test I. Solubility of Different Carboxylic Acids Towards Water
In this experiment, we have observed that the different forms of carboxylic acids
also have different solubility towards water even though they are part of the same
functional group. Through this experiment, we have discovered that the acetic acid is
soluble on water. Oleic water is not and has formed a yellow layer above. Meanwhile,
the stearic acid is also insoluble with water and has formed a white clump above the
layer. Succinic acid is also soluble in water while benzoic acid is not.
Test II. Solubility of Different Carboxylic Acids Towards 10% Sodium Bicarbonate
In this experiment, we have observed that the forms of carboxylic acids also have
different solubility towards sodium bicarbonate even though they are part of the same
functional group. Through this experiment, we have observed that the acetic acid is also
soluble in sodium bicarbonate. Oleic water is not soluble and the mixture is not
transparent and has also formed a yellowish bubble above. Meanwhile, the stearic acid
is also insoluble with sodium bicarbonate and has formed a white clump above the
layer. Succinic acid and benzoic acid are both soluble in sodium bicarbonate.
Test III. Action of Oxidizing Agent (KmNO4) on Carboxylic Acids
In this experiment, we have observed the different actions of potassium
permanganate on different carboxylic acids. The color of potassium permanganate has
not changed when mixed with acetic acid and placed in a hot water bath. Therefore, the
acetic acid has no reaction with potassium permanganate and no oxidation has
occurred, the same as succinic acid as no change in violet color has occurred. The
lactic acid mixed with potassium permanganate has formed a brown solution with brown
precipitate scattered in it. The oxalic acid is reactive with potassium permanganate as
they formed a transparent solution. Lastly, the formic acid has formed a brownish
solution after being mixed with potassium permanganate and placed in a hot water bath.
1. List all the carboxyl containing functional group, and nitrogen containing functional
groups in the experiment above. Make a table of their properties relative to each other.
Chemical Appearance Boiling Melting Solubility Functional
Name Point Point in Water Group
acetic acid colorless liquid 118 °C 16.6 °C soluble carboxylic acid
oleic acid colorless oily liquid 360 °C 13 to insoluble carboxylic acid
14 °C
stearic acid white solid 232 °C 69.3 °C insoluble carboxylic acid
succinic acid white solid 235°C 184-190 soluble carboxylic acid
°C
lactic acid colorless to yellow 122°C 18 °C miscible carboxylic acid
liquid
oxalic acid white solid crystals - 189-191 soluble carboxylic acid
°C
formic acid colorless liquid 100.8 °C 8.4 °C miscible carboxylic acid
salicylic acid colorless crystals 200°C 158.6 insoluble carboxylic acid
°C
aniline colorless oily liquid 184.13 ° −6.3 °C insoluble nitrogen-
C containing
N- colorless liquid 194-196 ° −57 °C insoluble nitrogen-
methylaniline C containing

triethylamine colorless liquid 88.6 to −114.70 soluble nitrogen-

89.8 °C °C containing

acetamide colorless solid 221.2 °C 79-81 ° soluble nitrogen-

C (2000 g L−1 containing
)
benzamide off-white solid 288 °C 127 - slightly nitrogen-
130 °C soluble containing

ethylamine colorless liquid or 16-20 °C -85 to miscible nitrogen-

gas 79 °C containing

diethylamine colorless liquid 54.8-56.4 -48.90 miscible nitrogen-

°C °C containing
 Formal Report No. 10
5. The molar absorptivity constant of a particular chemical is 1.5/M·cm. What is the
concentration of a solution made from this chemical that has an absorbance of 0.72 with
a cell path length of 1.1cm?
A
∁=
εb

0.72
∁=
(1.5 / M·cm)(1.1 cm)
∁=0.4364 mol /L