The Mathematical Model for Analysis

the Effects of Reciosure interval Time on Power System Stability

Zhang Baohui Li Yinghui

(School of Electric Engineering,Xi'an Jiaotong University)

ABSTRACT fault ,the breaker must trip again and the

This paper discuss the influence of the system suffers the shock of the second fault
reclosure time on the stability of electric again.The system will probably go into new
power system and establishes the steady state after large range of swing or lost
'mathemetical mode1,derivates the optimum its stability.To avoid this situation,people has
condition of reclosure about transient and to restrict the limit of transmission
permanent fault using energy power.Second,the reclosing time is fixed
function.Emulation calcalations show that when set,not to be changed with the varying
reclosing at optimal time will improve the of the fault condition.The reclosing time is
stability margin, transmited power and the set by the least interval time ,mostly
transient stability great1y.k lay the foundation 0.5 - 1.2 seconds. According to the first
of the reclosing time setting and the study of problem,Prof. Ge Yaozhong (Xi'an Jiaotong
tile optimal reclosure. ' University) has advanced several methods to
distinguish the transient and the permenent
fault.Bath University of the U.K. has also put
KEYWORD Stability Reclosure Optimal Time forward some methods.And for the second
problem of reclosing time,papers [l] and [2]
0.Preface have discussed system stability from the
Auto-reclosure is extensively used in relationship of solution and initial conditions
electric power system to improve the of differential equations. papers [31 and [41
continuousness of power supply and the have testified that the reclosing time
stability of power system.The starting influence the stability of the system through
manner is mostly to take use of the emulation .calculations. But there is no
unconsistence of the positions of the control mathemetical model and no systematic and
switch and the breakers to start the strict way to get the optimal reclosing
reclosure,the breaker recloses after a fixed time.This paper has established a energy
time delay.There are t w e problems of such function model of one generator t o infinitive
reclosure.First,it is not distinguished from the system,analyzed that the transient energy
transient or permanent fault.As for transient generated by different system operations at
fault,the power system go into steady state different moment will cause different
after several swings,and for permanent amplitude of system swing, and proved that
there is an optimal reclosing time whether
Financial Support by The Science Fund of the fault is transient or permanent.The
China (59677012) optimal reclosing time varies with the

0-7803-4754-4/98/$10.00 0 1998 IEEE -1130-

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 running conditions of profault power system, autonomous,so t h e energy i s c o n s t a n t :
the extent of critical and the lasting time of
V t = 112Mot' - (PT-PeaSin6)d6
the fault. The angular rate o and the power
angle 6 of the optimal reclosing condition =C (5)
have obvious characteristics.these In t h e period o f analyzing t h e t r a n s i e n t
characteristics are usful as discussed below. stability,the kinetic energy exchange with the
potential energy. If

1. Mathemetical Model Of Analyzing The VtIVcr (6)

Influence Of Reclosure Time On System then the system is stable. When a

Stability system is stable, we use the maximum value

of the swing power angle,and represent the
Liapunov's Direct Method has been extend of stability :the less of the transient
applied in power system for many years and energy is,the small of the swing amplitude.
has made much progress.This paper adopts We define a indicatrix Vt t o represent the

the Liapunov's energy function t o get the extent of system stability after the last
mathemetical model from the one generator system operation,and complete the operation
to infinitive system. when Vt is minimum,the according moment

Neglecting the damp,and the generator is the optimal oprating time.

th'topt IVt = min{Vth} (7)
is adopted classical modelthe movement
function of rotor are: To choose the optimal reclosing time is
t o choose the fh which satisfies formular (7).
Mo = PT- EUSin6 I Xmr
6=w ' (1) 2. Conditions Of The Optimal Reclosing Time
where Xmi is the i n t e r c o n n e w e impedence. For the convenience of analysis, w e
Adopting the energy function as suppose the one generator is on with the
infinitive system through several inconnective
V(X) = 1/2M02- (PT-PeiSin6)d6 (2)
lines.
where P .=EU/X
el mi
The s t a b i l i t y o f s y s t e m a f t e r s y s t e m 2.1 The Optimum Reclosing Conditions Of
operation can be determined b y the critical Transient Fault
energy V, Systep diagram is shown in Fig l ( a )
and the power angle feature is shown in Fig

vcr=- (PT-PeaSin6)d6 (3) l(b).System run normly with power angle as

6o ,the power limit as Po; system run with
where Pea=EU/Xmea, 6~ and 6u are the power angle as 6', and power limit as P, = Po
power angulars according t o the stable
after reclosing successful1y.System run with
and unstable equilibrium point after power angle is 6', and power limit is P2 in
the reclosure have finished the last operation . the period after the fault is cut off and before
Let V, be the transient energy of system
the breaker rec1osed.System run with power
when the reclosure operated lastly.
limit P1 when the fault is on.
Vth = 1/2M02- gh (PT-PeaSin6)d6 (4)

After the system reclosing successfully or

retriping again, the system is

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 U
We analyze formular (1 1),C1 is
n
1 I determined by the first fault conditions and
the networks which the fault is cut off,it can
not be controlled.the second item is
determined by the networks before reclosing
F i g l ( a ) system diagram and the equilibrium point of the system which
successfully reclosed ,it has nothing t o do
with the time of reclosing.Only the third item
relevant with the power angle according t o
...
reclosing angle.We obtain:
P1 6th = 0" (6(t)min5 0")

. . . . . Or 6th =6(t)min (6(t)min> 0") (12)

when 6th is determined by formular
6r 6r
F i g 1 (b) F e a t u r e of power angular (12). The energy generated by reclosing
operation be negative,cancel with the
We suppose at time t h O=Oth, transient energy generated by the first fault.
6 =&.,,system reclosing,then the optimal
reclosing condition is: 2.2 The Optimum Reclosing Condition Of
Permenent Fault
Vth = m i n { l /2M02,h-
When reclosing on permenent
P3sinG)dG) (8) fault ,the last operation of the system is that
Since the continuousness of o(t) and 6(t), . the breaker cut off againsimilar to the
o + t h =Oth,6+th =$th,the transient energy deduction of t r a n m t fault,if the optimal cut
before reclosing is off time of second fault is tcc,then:

V t h = 1/2M02
th
Jf'*
6,
(P~'P2Sin6)d6 Vtcc = min{ 1/2M02tcc- @ (PT-
.
=c1 P2sinG)d6) (13)
then But w e can not delay the second fault
cut off time,the time is usually 0.1
seconds,then the meaningfully thing is catch
the reclosing time which satisfies formular
(13).
For 6s<6's,the last item of formular (9)
Let atcc= o t h + A o
can be written as :
1/2M02tcc = 1/2M02th + MothAw

+1/2MAo2 (14)
For

1/2M02th = c 1 + (P~-P2Sin6)d6
P3siniYdG (1O) 6,'
From formular (91 and (10) we obtain: From formular (13) and (14),we obtain:
Vtcc = min{Cl + Moth A o

+ g;
Vth = min(C1-

(P3-P2sinG)dG}
(PT-P~S~~GI~G

(11)
+ 1/2MAo2- c:a (P~-PpinG)d6} (15)

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 It is difficult t o get the analytic solution reclosing time satisfy the optimal reclosing
of formular (151,But it is easly t o get the condition, t o improve the transient stability of
numerical solution, the system or to improve the
let Oth=-(-Oth)max ( 1 6) transmittabi1ity.The steps t o get the optimal
in approximative estimation. reclosing time are as following:
. Analyzing formular (15 ) when Oth i s A.Calculating the swing curve of no-
negative and d o is positive,the kinetic reclosing after fault under the condition of
energy of the second item is negative and certain power flow and certain fault;
cancel with the energy generated by the first B.Searching for the minimum ti when
fault.The fourth item is similar t o potential o(t) is negative maximum valued which is
energy ,changing with Gth.When the power great than the least interval time as the
angle 6 is back swing and o is nearly optimal reclosing time, and the negative
negative maximum value ,the above t w o o(t)max is periodically appears.
items are both negative.So it will not enlarge If there is the need to get the absolute
the transient energy and will make the optimal reclosing time, we can set to=ti as
transient energy less than the energy C1 initial value and A t as step length,correct
generated by the first fault.lt is very initial value to repeatly t o get the optimal
effective t o damp the swinging of the reclosing time .
system.And conversly,if the system reclose
when oth is in accelerating process,the 3.2 The Apparatus Of The Optimal Reclosing
above t w o items are both positive and The detail of the realization of the
enlarge the transient energy and the system apparatus see reference I2l.The apparatus
will destablize when the transient energy can catch the moment of the optimal
greater than Vcr. reclosing along with the changing of running
manner and fault condition,send out the
instructions of reclosing.
3,The Catching Of The Optimal Reclosing
Condition 4. Example
It can be divided into t w o types t o realize This example is from North-East Electric
the optimal reclosing.One is to set reclosure Power System of China. There are 2 3 0
time according to the optimal reclosing buses,286 branches,to calculate the
condition using the reclosuer whose reclosing reclosing time of the transimission double
time is fixed,the other way is t o develop a lines of 230Kv of a 8 0 0 M w power plant.
new reclosuer of optimal reclosing.The latter When the transmission power is
is intelligent measurement trully relize the 795Mw,a transient interphase fault is taken
optimal reclosing. place on one line.Fig 2 shows the curves on
3.1 The Setting Calculation Of Optimal the phase-plane of no-reclosing and reclosing
Reclosure Time on the optimal reclosing time (1.7 seconds)
The optimal reclosing time is variant as well as reclose at 0.75 seconds,the
with the condition of fault and profault.We abscissa is angular rate o,the ordinate is
can choose the run manner which the power angke &The maximum swing
transient stable limit is restricted and the amplitude of 6 of no-reclosing is
condition of the permenent fault.To make the

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 1 20.6",optimal reclosing is 62",no-optimal A. The mathemetical model of one
reclosing is 1 13.8". generator t o infinitive system which can
8
160 r analyze the stability of system when
reclosing on different cases is established.
0.7sRLS
B.The optimal reclosing condition of
- 1.7sRLS
transient and permenent fault have been
-NoRLS found in theory.
I ",
M
C.The method of catching the optimal
4.02 4.01 0.00 0.01
reclosing time is put forward.
Fig2 Trajectory on phase-plane of
D.The emulation calculation shows that
Transient at different reclosing time
reclosing on optimal reclosing time will
improve the stability and transmittability and
the limit of the transient stability greatly.
P /

0
1 - '
m
4.01 0.00 0.01 0.01

Fig 3 Trajectory on phase-plane of

permanent at different reclosing time

Fig 3 shows when a three phase

permanent fault taken place at a line whose
transimission power is 7.95Mw the trajectory
on phase plane of no-reclosing,optimal
reclosing (1.6s) and unoptimal reclosing
(0.6s) .It can be seen obviously that the
Zhang Baohui ,male, born in 1953,obtained
system lost stability quickly when unoptimal
the M.E. and Ph.D. of Xi'an Jiaotong
reclosing,and when optimal reclosing the
University in 1982 and 1988.Since 1992,he
system keep stable and the swing ampltude
has been a professor of Xi'an Jiaotong
is smaller then that of no-reclosing.The shock
University .He has published over 5 0 papers
of the second fault canceal with the shock of
in the power system stability and contro1,and
the first fault,damping the swing of the
is the senior member of CSEE ans IEEE.
system.The swing amplitude of the system
Li Yinghui,Female ,born in 1966,obtained the
after the last operation is 120.6O,64.7" when
M.E. of Xi'an Jiaotong University in
no-reclosing,optimal reclosing repectively.
1990,now is a Ph.D student.She study
interesting is the transient stability region of
5. Conclusions
large power system.

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