Patient-based pathophysiology of Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Modifiable factors Non-modifiable factors

• Exposure to products with • Family history of leukemia
benzene (ex: cigarette smoke) • Genetic predisposition
• Allogeneic stem cell • Age
transplantation
• Gender
• Chemotherapy

Genetic
mutation

Impaired lymphoid progenitor

stem cell function

Proliferation of lymphoblasts

Replace most of
bone marrow cells
Accumulation of Leukemic cells spill out
immature lymphoblasts in the blood stream
Pancytopenia
on bone marrow
on CBC

Low Low Low Migration and

Expansion of marrow, neutrophils RBC platelets invasion of leukemic
pushing bone =1000 = 2.25 cells in spleen and
=145,000m
mm3 mm3 liver
Cl
Increased Increased Increased
Abdominal
Bone pain risk for oxygen riskmc
for
pain, firm
infection demand bleeding
stomach
Febrile Fatigue, Petechiae/
(+) Guarding neutropenia shortness of
behavior breath, Bruises
(+) Facial grimace Fever paleness of
Pain scale of 6/10 39.4 °C skin and
nails

Acute lymphoblastic
leukemia

Neutropenia Anemia Thrombocytopenia Splenomegaly Hepatomegaly

+

Pneumonia