PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ALL

PREDISPOSING FACTOR RISK FACTORS

Genetic Aberration
 WT1  Previous cancer treatment. 
 NOTCH1  Exposure to radiation.
 EZH2
 BCORL1  Genetic disorders.
 USP7

Multifactorial causes, most Weight Loss, Malaise,

with unknown causes Fever/chills Night Sweats

Neoplastic lymphoid precursor

cells “blasts” accumulate in the Expanding marrow pushing Bone Pain
bone marrow on bone

Decrease in neutrophils Decreased Immunity

Pancytopenia on
Abundance of “Blasts” displaces
other blood precursor from CBC Decrease in RBC Anemia Fatigue,Shortness of Breath, Pallor
marrow, inhibiting their
development/ differentiation 20% of Marrow is blasts
(BMA)
Decrease in platelets Easy Bruising and Petechiae on skin

Lymphadenopathy
Neoplastic blasts continue to
After neoplastic blasts fill up bown
divide and accumulate in lymph
marrow, they spill into the blood
nodes and spleen
Splenomegaly

Blasts detected as WBC on CBC May cause leukocytosis

despite pancytopenia

Tumor Lysis Syndrome

After neoplastic blasts fill up bown High turnover of these hyperuricemia

Release of intracellular Acute Kidney Injury
marrow, they spill into the blood cancerous cells contents (uric acid, K+, LDH)
into Plasma
hyperkalemia Gout

Increasing LDH

LEGEND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MECHANISM SIGNS/SYMPTOMS/ LAB FINDINGS COMPLICATIONS