DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION

(DIC)
GROUP A4
ANAYATIN, AYING, DUGA, KASIM
What is DIC?

 Disseminated Intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a rare, life-threatening

condition. In the early stages of the condition, DIC, causes your blood
to clot excessively.
 As the condition progresses, platelets and clotting factors, the
substances in your blood responsible for forming clots, are used up.
 DIC is also caused by another disease or condition, such as an
infection or injury, that makes the body’s normal blood clotting process
become overactive.
 Disseminated Intravascular Coagulationg (DIC) is
defined by the International Society of Thrombosis
and Haemostasis (ISTH) as an acquired sysndrome
characterized by the intravascular activation
coagulation withouth specific localization and arising
from different causes; if the damage is sufficiently
severe, organ dysfunction can result (Levi, Toh,
Thachil and Watson, 2009).
 Types of Disseminated
Intravascular Coagulation
 ACUTE DIC
It happened rapidly, the coagulopathy is
dominant and major symptoms are
bleeding and shock, mainly seen in
sever infection, amniotic fluid
embolism.
 TYPES CAUSES
Infectious Bacterial (e.g, gram-negative sesis, gram positive
infections, rickettsial)
Viral (e.g, HIV, cytomegalovirus [CMV], varicella-
zoster virus [VZV], and hepatitis virus)
Funggal (e.g, Histoplasma)
Parasitic (e.g, malaria)
Malignancy Hematologic (e.g, acute myeloctic leukemia)
Metastatic (e.g, mucin-secreting sdenocarcinoma)

Obstetric Placental abruption

Amniotic fluid embolism
Acute fatty liver of pregnancy
Eclampsia
Trauma Burns
motor vehicle accidents
snake envenomation
Transfusion Hemolytic reactions
Transfusion
 CHRONIC DIC

It happened rapidly, the coagulopathy is

dominant and major symptoms are
bleeding and shock, mainly seen in
sever infection, amniotic fluid
embolism.
 TYPES CAUSES
Malignancies Solid tumors
Leukemia

Obstetric Retained dead fetus syndrome

Retained products of conception

Hematologic Myeloproliferative sysndromes

Vascular Rheumatoid arthritis

Raynaud disease

Cardiovascular Myocardial infraction

Inflammatory Ulcerative colitis

Localized DIC Aortic aneurysms

Giant hemangioma (Kasabach-Merritt Syndrome)
Acute renal allograft rejection
 Blood transfusion reaction
CAUSES
Cancer, especially certain types of
leukemia

Infection in the blood, especially by

bacteria or fungus

Liver Disease

Pregnancy complications
RISK
FACTORS

Sepsis Surgery and trauma

Serious complications of
Cancer pregnancy and childbirth
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
 • Placenta
D.I.C (Consumption Coagulopathy) • Amniotic fluid
• Products of
Endothelial
Sepsis conception
Injury
Tissue Destruction
Release of • Trauma
Tissue Factor • Surgery
• Burn
Platelet
Aggregation Consumption of Clotting
Wide spread of Bleeding
Factors & Platelets
microvascular
thrombosis
Activation of Plasma

Microangiopathic Vascular
Hemolytic Anemia Occlusion Proteolysis of
Fibrinolysis
Clotting Factors
Tissue Damage Fibrin Split
due to Ischemia Products
Inhibition of Thrombin, Platelet
Aggregation & Fibrin
Polymerization
 Signs & Symptoms
BLEEDING RENAL FAILURE
• GI BLEEDING
• PETECHIAE PULMONARY
• IV and INVOLVEMENT
CATHETERS
Bleed
• SURGICAL SITES JAUNDICE
Other Signs and Symptoms
• Blood clots
• Drop in blood pressure
• Shortness of Breath
• Confusion, memory loss or change of behavior
• Fever
 LABORATORY and
DIAGNOSTIC TESTS
Complete blood count with blood smear

Prothrombin Time (PT)

Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)

Fibrinogen Activity Test

D-Dimer
MEDICAL TREATMENT
 Medical Treatment
Blood transfusion

Iron Supplement

Heparin

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 Nursing Management
1). Assess the patient's vital signs and perform a
focused physical assessment, looking for any
signsObtain
2). of bleeding.
blood samples and monitor platelet
counts as well as coagulation levels.
3). Administer the anticoagulant as prescribed.
4). Position the client in semi fowler’s position as
indicated.
5). Provide oxygen therapy as indicated.

6). Avoid intramuscular injections and

unnecessary venipunctures.
THANK YOU for LISTENING!