265 A

③ Raixands:
-

curved bands
are
of
-

clouds & thunderstorms

away from
trail
that the
Yewall
-

spiral fashion. Are capable

in a

of producing heavy bursts of rain

& wind, as well as tornadoes.

Path
of Tropical Cyclones:
->
-

① Almost90%
of
these storms
form wil

Ocean water
of Equator.
20N-s at

30 is not to sustain
enough
warm

cyclone.
a

② The
PacificT.Cs.> generates
ocean
greatest
Indian
of
no
Ocean

Atlantic Ocean.

③ 7.2 in
Hemispheres tend to
both

more
wward. I
drift slowly
poleward.
-
->
once it
moves
poleward
it
begins to eastward its
-
move

called
Recurving.
 265 -

B
Bay of Bengal Arabian Sea
=>

vs

Bo
sees times
*

approv
a
ma
a
cyclones
Bo Deadlier
Cyclones
A in and
are

Stronger.
Nearly
*
58% BoB
of cyclones of reach

the coast.

REASONS: -

⑪ Water Temperature: Since Siri set the

temperature and humidity, both directly correlate
with chances of cyclone formation, the Bay of
Bengal is more likely target because it gets higher
rainfall and sluggish winds around it keep
temperatures relatively high.

② Inflow of freshwater: the bear receives heavy

rainfall and constant inflow of freshwater from
Ganga and Brahmaputra rivers. This means that
Bay’s surface water keeps getting refreshed,
making it impossible for the warm water to mix
with the cooler water below.
On the other hand, Arabian Sea receives stronger
winds that help the dissipate the heat and lack of
constant freshwater supply.
 265 - 2
③ Link with Pacific Ocean: cyclones usually week
and if they encounter a large landmass. However,
due to lack of any such presence between Pacific
and the Bay of Bengal, cyclonic winds easily move
into Bay of Bengal. Once here, the winds in
counter the western ghats and Himalayas, either
be coming week or getting blocked in the bay, but
never reach in the Arabian Sea.

⑭ Geographical features: the geographical features

in the Bay of Bengal RF for creating a desired
effect of low pressure and high temperature. The
water region is surrounded bye land in most of the
directions, thereby ensuring that heat from land is
continuously transferred to the water.

⑤ Exception to the rule: The Bay of Bengal

witnesses cyclones, both pre-monsoon and post-
monsoon. The post-monsoon period sees higher
number of cyclones.

tropone Scale
-
IMD
by
-

I knot 1.85km/ha
=

Disturbance Wind

Low Pressure Less than 31km/he

km/hr
Depression 31-49

Deep Depression 49-61 km/hr

Cyclonic Storm 61-88 km Ther

Severe
Cyc. Storm 88-117 km /he

Super Cyclone More than 221

 I
265 - 2

katone)
2wowest Anpinec
3

4 210-250
Moderate

Extensive

extreme

> Damage
=>

associated Is
with ·-

①
St winds:-causes severe
damage
to installations, dwelli
trees etc.
systems,
commun
ugs,
-

loss I
resulting of life property.
in

② To & Inland
rains
flooding:
-

Unabated to
gives
rain rise
unpre
dented
floods. It
large
- a

causes

Scale soil
erosion &

embankments.
weakening of
-(abnormal
③
Surge:
Stan rise
of
Sea level) -> it
may
inundates
low
lying areas
of
coastal

& livestock,
regions drowning
humans

destroys vegetation
& ↓
of
soil
fertility.
 I
265 D
Be Tropical Cyclones:
-

=>

Relieve
droughtcona"-Rainfall
①

② Heablance:
away from
heat
-Carry
tropies &
transport it

towards
temperate latitudes.

③
Sealife:-Increased rain
from
cyclones help river
systems
-

by flushing
out Silt it
open up
-

fish
areas that bred in.

④ Nutrient
Cycling:
-

By stirring the ocean

Is also nit
cycle
surface,
to
-
rients
from
the
seafloor
boosting ocean
productivity.

Warning of Tropical
Cyclones:
=>

Pre-cyclone watch (Yellow) - issued when a depression forms over the BOB,
irrespective of its distance from the coast. 72 hours in advance.
Cyclone Alert (Orange)- issued 48 hrs before the commencement of the
bad weather when the cyclone is located beyond 500 km from the coast.
Cyclone warning (Red) - Issued at least 24 hrs in advance when the
cyclone is located within 500 km from the coast.
Post-Landfall Outlook- Issued about 12 hrs before landfall & when the
cyclone is located within 200 km from the coast.
'De-Warning' message issued when the Tropical Cyclone weakens into
Depression stage.
 Labrador
Get Greenla·
nd
I
.
-
llll Oyashio/Kwil
⑨ *

C.
Norwegian Current

!-
&
⑧

nur
& ↑
illIn Current - Grant
Alaska C.
-z
Irminger
N. Atlantic
current
0
N. Pacific
-
Gam
0

-
CaliforniCenta
0

⑧ ↳Canary ⑯
in &
Subtr

: Farenstie
· Gyre
Current
& Floridal.< N.
Esse

Gen.
- Eq. Current
< -
Eq. Counter N. Eq.
ent
--
↳
Current
-
C.
- N. Eq. Gent Counter-
Eq.
↳ament Savin
2 -

Eq. Counter - &

-

ESame
- Eq. Counter-> S.Eq.C.
-

&

e.Y e automation ⑧
-

↑ =
S.Eq. Current · -
⑧ C.
Beniguala suree
Perude
e

·
⑧ 5

C.
Agulhas 0
heros
↑
0

.:
Artic
C.
Circumpolar Falkland C.

-A ACL.
·
o
0 · 00 O

O o o
o oo
o
-
-mooo
0

-
Do 0dee
0 ed WWD
"oo 00 ·

=Warm Currents - Cold Current

 331
EFFECTS OF OCEAN CURRENTS:
=>
-

① O.C act
much like belt,
conveyor
a

tamsporting warm water 2

pptfrom
equator towards the
poles.
② O.Is
regulate global
climate,
helping
of
to the
counteract uneven dist.

solar radiation.

③
Effect
plankton o
&
Fishing:
-

*
Areas where Warm & cold OCs

meet
are most
imp. fishing grown
world.
of
-
de

OCs
dispersal of
the
help
* in mari

-e
life.
Act
agentsof
nutri
distributingelements
*
as

-ents, & other necess

oxygen
& Survival
any for
the existence

of fishes.
*
Gulf
am
phytoplankions
carries

from Mexican
gulf of to the coast

& NW
Newfoundland Europe.
 332
④ Trade:
Effects
-

* Ports & Harbours latitudes

of higher
affected by
which are warm curr

-ents are
ice-free
&
open for trade

all the round.

year
Parts
Eg:- of
NW
Europe remain

while Part Duebec

open of
getsfrozen.
in Canada

⑤Desert
formation:
-

Some deserts
found Wedges
↳
are on

of They're
continents.
by
cold caused

OC, which
along the
run coast.

they
* &
cool the air make harder
it

for the air to hold moisture. Most

-

moisture
falls as rain
before
it

reaches land, Namib Desert.

the
eg
Dir
blowing chilled-Eg:Atacama Desert
*
towards shore, (Chile)
desert
by produces
cold water,
contactwith is a coastal -

But
Although humidity often covered
by fog.
a
layer of fog. decades
region
the can
is
high,
atmos.
We
-

changes
thatnor
go
present.
WIO
rainfall. Infact, its

-mally cause
rainfall aren't
world's driest place.