Test Bank for Americas History Concise Edition

Volume 1 9th Edition Edwards Hinderaker Self

Henretta 1319060587 9781319060589
Download full test bank at : https://testbankpack.com/p/test-
bank-for-americas-history-concise-edition-volume-1-9th-edition-
edwards-hinderaker-self-henretta-1319060587-9781319060589/

1. Which of the following statements characterizes the British government's attempts to

meet its war debt following the Great War for Empire?
A) The British Parliament raised the taxes on land throughout North America.
B) To cut costs, Britain decreased the size of its bureaucracy, especially the customs
department.
C) Parliament decreased the import duties on consumables to increase both sales and
revenue.
D) Parliament increased import taxes on items used by the poor and middling classes
such as sugar and beer.

2. What percentage of the average American colonist's income in the 1760s was typically
spent on taxes?
A) 5 percent
B) 10 percent
C) 20 percent
D) 25 percent

3. How did Britain's skyrocketing national debt affect its government in England and
America in the 1760s?
A) The need for higher taxes spurred Britain to increase the size and power of its
bureaucracy in England and America.
B) Britain's debt crisis led the Parliament to suspend the colonies' royal governorships
and decrease its subsidies to the monarchy.
C) Americans' cooperation with the new tax code allowed Britain to transfer
government officials from the colonies back to London.
D) In response to the fiscal crisis, Parliament reduced the size of its domestic and
colonial tax bureaucracies, but it increased their power dramatically.

Page 1
4. Which of the following was one reason the British sent 7,500 troops to North America
after the end of the Great War for Empire in 1763?
A) Military reinforcements were needed to protect the colonies from the Spanish.
B) The British government sought to prevent future Indian uprisings on the frontier.
C) The new era of peace in Europe required Britain to contrive another purpose for its
troops.
D) Britain deployed new troops to America to rebuild the areas destroyed during the
war.

5. Which of the following was part of British Parliament's effort to govern the colonies
after the Great War for Empire ended in 1763?
A) The seizure of American vessels carrying supplies from the mainland to the French
West Indies
B) The practice of turning a blind eye when colonial merchants ignored trade
regulations
C) Leasing jobs in the royal customs departments in the colonies in order to raise more
money
D) Replacing the Navigation Acts with free-trade reforms to promote rapid economic
growth

6. George Grenville conceived the Sugar Act of 1764 to replace which of the following
acts?
A) The Currency Act of 1764
B) The Proclamation of 1763
C) The Excise Act of 1756
D) The Molasses Act of 1733

7. George Grenville designed the Sugar Act of 1764 to accomplish which of the
following?
A) Improve colonial merchants' compliance with customs laws
B) Increase the tax rate on American sugar imports
C) Prohibit colonists from importing molasses from the West Indies
D) Shut down the production and sale of rum in the American colonies

8. The colonists' real objections to the Sugar Act stemmed from which of the following?
A) The high taxes, which would bankrupt many merchants
B) Its strict penalties, which discouraged smuggling and raised prices
C) The growing administrative power of the British government over the colonies
D) Britain's intention to make the colonists pay for their own defense

Page 2
 9. On what basis did the American colonists object to the vice-admiralty courts in which
violators of the Sugar Act were tried?
A) They were administered by the British Navy rather than civilian officials.
B) These courts were located in Britain and defendants were required to pay for travel.
C) The courts were run by British-appointed judges.
D) Colonists did not believe they should be prosecuted by the same courts as British
criminals.

10. The Stamp Act was instituted by Parliament in the colonies in 1765; it was
A) part of England's plan to create a more centralized imperial system in America.
B) barely passed by a divided Parliament deeply concerned about American
opposition.
C) problematic because it bore heavily on the poorest colonists and exempted the rich.
D) supported by Benjamin Franklin and other prominent colonial leaders as a
reasonable tax.

11. How did British politicians respond to the Americans' cry of “no taxation without
representation”?
A) Parliament pursued stricter enforcement of the Stamp Act.
B) They passed the Revenue Act to replace the Stamp Act.
C) Politicians argued that the colonists already had virtual representation.
D) They suggested that Americans had representation through their own colonial
legislatures.

12. Which of the following statements characterizes responses to the planned Stamp Act?
A) Colonial leaders agreed with Franklin's proposal, arguing that delegates from the
colonies could exert great power in Parliament.
B) Many Americans would probably have accepted the act if they had also gained
representation in Parliament.
C) Thinking that Parliament was bluffing, most Americans paid little attention to the
issue until the act went into effect.
D) British politicians, with the exception of William Pitt, refused to consider the idea
of American representation in Parliament.

Page 3
13. At the same time as Parliament imposed the Stamp Act, it also passed the Quartering
Act, which required
A) Americans to vacate their houses or take in British troops on the demand of any
commander.
B) colonial governments to provide barracks and food for British troops sent to
America to protect them.
C) that treasonous Americans be hanged and “quartered”; that is, cut into four pieces
by the hangman.
D) that collectors of the Stamp Tax receive a commission of one-quarter of the
revenue they took in.

14. Which of the following statements describes the Stamp Act Congress, which was held in
New York in 1765?
A) The Congress was a failure because the nine colonies represented could not agree
on a unified policy.
B) The delegates protested loss of American liberties and challenged the act's
constitutionality.
C) Congressional delegates formulated a set of resolves that threatened rebellion
against Britain.
D) The group issued a statement that accepted the constitutionality of the Sugar Act,
but not the Stamp Act.

15. Members of activist groups, such as the Sons of Liberty, were typically which of the
following?
A) Leading colonial lawyers and merchants
B) Unemployed workers with little to lose from rioting
C) Artisans, shopkeepers, poor laborers, and seamen
D) Outside agitators looking to create disorder

16. Which of the following factors was among those that motivated many merchants,
artisans, and journeymen to protest against the Stamp Act?
A) Widespread wage cuts and price increases
B) Fear that their personal liberty would be undermined
C) Their desire to create an American democracy
D) Religious fervor stimulated by the Great Awakening

Page 4
17. Why did the British General Gage refuse to use his military force to protect the stamps
that were to be used once the Stamp Act took effect?
A) Gage himself believed that the Stamp Act was constitutionally problematic.
B) He knew his force was too small to effectively quell the widespread protests.
C) Gage believed that military force would disperse the protests but spark an
insurrection.
D) He recognized that a new military conflict would only drain Britain's coffers
further.

18. In the 1760s and early 1770s, lawyers and other educated Americans used common-law
arguments mainly to
A) justify violent resistance to the Stamp Act.
B) call for the overthrow of King George III.
C) justify smuggling in violation of the Navigation Acts.
D) assert the colonists' rights and liberties as Englishmen.

19. John Dickinson's Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania was a response to which of the
following policies?
A) The Stamp Act
B) The Currency Act
C) The Townshend Acts
D) The Proclamation of 1763

20. Patriots' widely publicized use of natural rights arguments to protest British actions in
the 1760s inspired which of the following?
A) Irish Catholics to start their own movement to oust British colonizers from their
country
B) Native Americans in New York and western Pennsylvania to declare their national
sovereignty
C) African American slaves to petition the Massachusetts legislature for the abolition
of slavery
D) Great Britain's decision to clamp down on American newspapers and printing
businesses

Page 5
Another document from Scribd.com that is
random and unrelated content:
The Project Gutenberg eBook of Jigsaw
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and
most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions
whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of
the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online at
www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will
have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using
this eBook.

Title: Jigsaw

Author: Tom McMorrow

Illustrator: Connell

Release date: February 10, 2023 [eBook #69999]

Language: English

Original publication: United States: Standard Magazines, Inc, 1953

Credits: Greg Weeks, Mary Meehan and the Online Distributed

Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK JIGSAW ***

JIGSAW
 By TOM McMORROW, JR.

[Transcriber's Note: This etext was produced from

Thrilling Wonder Stories Winter 1954.
Extensive research did not uncover any evidence that
the U.S. copyright on this publication was renewed.]
ARRIVALS AND DEPARTURES
Spaceport Chicago, February 26, 2168.... DEPARTING—Spaceliner
American Beauty, Galactic Spaceways, for Mars. Scheduled to arrive
Spaceport New Dallas May 14. Eighty-seven passengers. Captain
Anthony Kostov in Command.

FROM THE ASSOCIATED PRESS

BULLETIN
THE SPACELINER AMERICAN BEAUTY CRASHED IN FLAMES
TODAY ON THE LANDING FIELD AT NEW DALLAS, MARS.
OFFICIALS OF GALACTIC SPACEWAYS STATED THAT LOSS OF
LIFE WAS QUOTE LIMITED UNQUOTE. NO FURTHER DETAILS
IMMEDIATELY AVAILABLE.

TRANSCRIPT
May 27, 2168—The following conversation between the spaceliner
American Beauty and GCA, Spaceport New Dallas, Mars, was recorded
5/14/2168 and played at the official inquiry today:
KOSTOV: Calling GCA. This is Kostov in American Beauty calling
GCA New Dallas. Do you read me? Come in, GCA. Over.
GCA: GCA to American Beauty. You're in the screen. Come in. All clear
for landing. Over.
KOSTOV: Check. Coming in. Speed now ten thousand. Over.
GCA: You are now visible in northern sky. Will have drink ready. Over.
KOSTOV: That you, Ralph?
GCA: Yeah, Tony. Welcome back. Will you have that with soda or on the
rocks?
KOSTOV: Straight, with a blonde chaser, if you don't mind. You say you
can see me?
GCA: Like Sirius on a clear night. Only one problem.
KOSTOV: What's that?
GCA: You're smack in between me and that girl in Omaha. I wish you
wouldn't block the view like that.
KOSTOV: I'll take my hat off. Better?
GCA: Much. Say, what's that light on your starboard side?
KOSTOV: Light? There shouldn't be any....
(AN EXPLOSION, FOLLOWED BY SOUND OF ROARING FLAME)
GCA: Tony! What happened? GCA calling American Beauty!
JENSEN: Stewardess to pilot! Stewardess to pilot! The starboard fuel
tank's exploded! Fire in passageway!
KOSTOV: Activate all extinguishers—clear the passengers forward—
I'm going to close the emergency bulkheads.
GCA: My God, it's a ball of fire! Tony, can you make it?
KOSTOV: I can make anything. If it gets hot enough I'll spit on it and
put it out—Pilot to naviga-
NOTE: At this point American Beauty's radio went out.
BOARD FINDING: Flippant attitude of ship-to-port conversation to be
deplored. On the basis of this and other evidence, however, the official
finding of this Board is No Negligence. Accident due solely to
mechanical failure.

GALACTIC SPACEWAYS, INC.

Office of the Personnel Director
6/4/68
STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL:
Interviewed employee A. Kostov relative to the unfortunate business of
5/14/68 in which thirty-six passengers and two crewmen lost their lives.
Gave him the news that he is through as a pilot, due to the fact that we
feel the experience has broken his nerve. Offered him a desk job, which
he declined as expected. Accepted his resignation, effective immediately.
COMMENT: Entire incident most unfortunate. Understand that the Line
might lose passengers to Interplanetary Transport Service if the
American Beauty pilot continued to operate our ships, but regret this loss
of a valuable employee. Of course he will not be taken on by any other
line, but the profession will be the poorer for the absence of this talented,
fearless pilot. On the personal level, hope that this man of whom all
associates were fond will not take out his understandable bitterness in
any violent manner.—A. J. Bannerman, Director of Personnel
DEATH KNELL OF SPACESHIPS SEEN POSSIBLE
New York, Sept. 12—Speculation was rife in scientific circles this week
over reports that a workable converter-transmitter may soon be a
practical reality. Should this prove true the spaceship, a travel fixture for
two centuries, would soon be obsolete.
The principle of the converter-transmitter, long known to scientific
enthusiasts, is that of television carried a step farther. As television
converts voices and images into electrical impulses and beams them to a
receiving set which reassembles the picture and voice which started out,
solid objects are converted, transmitted and reassembled by this
mechanism.
Clearly, workable converter-transmitters would quickly cause the
spaceship to become outmoded, as they would transmit anything and
everything at the speed of light. The moon could be reached in less than
two seconds, Mars in four minutes.
The great question is whether humans could endure the stress of such an
experience. The current speculation has been caused by rumors that a
leading scientific foundation has secretly started human experimentation
with a converter-transmitter.

YOUNG MAN WANTED to Take Part in Scientific Experiment. Must

Be Healthy, Intelligent, Accustomed to Dangerous Work. Pay Is
Generous. Write Box W2714, Chicago.

PEIFFER SCIENCE FOUNDATION

PROGRESS REPORT
PROJECT 3889, NICHOLAS GARSKI, DIRECTOR
12 SEPT., 2168
Concluded interviewing of volunteers. Believe the right man has been
found. Name—Anthony Kostov. Claims to be a former space pilot. Feel
that he is the perfect subject—age 28, physically and morally tough.
Most important, however, he is obviously under a compulsion to prove
his courage, due to some incident in his recent past. This compulsion
should prove helpful in case he learns what happened to Sartorius—
Garski.

REPORT
FROM : Council Member #7
TO : The Science Council
SUBJECT: Peiffer Converter-Transmitter
1. Verified rumor that Nicholas Garski, director of experiment, plans to
use human subject again, despite Council ruling after the Sartorius
incident. He admits this intention, defies Council to stop him.
2. Ruled that all activity in connection with this experiment be halted
pending investigation and ruling of the full Council.
3. Strongly urge that:
a. Garski be permanently restrained from further experimentation with
the converter-transmitter, as he has proved himself irresponsibly
reckless.
b. The machine be impounded, since neither the Foundation nor its agent
Garski have exhibited restraint in their handling of this tremendous force
or respect for the edicts of this Council.
c. That Anthony Kostov, the proposed human subject, be acquainted with
the facts in the case of Steven Sartorius.

MEMORANDUM
FROM: The Science Council
TO : Anthony Kostov, c/o Peiffer Science Foundation
The attached medical record is forwarded for your attention.
(Signed) Robert Shepard, President
STATE NEURO-PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITAL
EVANSTON, ILL.
Case History 8739
Name__Sartorius, Steven
Date of Admission__Dec. 18, 2166
Age at Date of Admission__25
Patient was employed by Peiffer Science Foundation as electronic
engineer for six years, following graduation summa cum laude from
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Worked under Dr. Nicholas
Garski on the Peiffer converter-transmitter for the three years
immediately prior to his mental collapse. No evidence of psychiatric
disturbance during these years, in college or in childhood.
On Dec. 15, 2166, Sartorius placed himself in the converter-transmitter
and acted as a human guinea pig in an experiment. Appeared dazed but
unhurt after the experience and was placed in bed. Arose late at night,
however, and returned to the laboratory.
Questioned by a night watchman, he attacked and strangled the man. In
the morning he was found, in excellent spirits, working on the machine.
At his feet was the dead body of the watchman.
Patient cannot be classified as paranoic, as there are no persecution
delusions, nor does he exhibit symptoms of hebephrenia or catatonia. Is
cool, lucid at all times, but totally unable to distinguish right from
wrong. Inclines toward capricious violent outbursts of the most vicious
sort, as above.
Diagnosis: Insane, Unclassified. Dangerous.
Prognosis: Incurable.

PEIFFER SCIENCE FOUNDATION

PROGRESS REPORT
PROJECT 3889, NICHOLAS GARSKI, DIRECTOR
27 SEPT., 2168
Those bumbling amateurs on the Science Council are throwing every
possible roadblock in my path. But they will not stop me. A Council
member inspected the laboratory last week, ordered me to suspend all
operations, even took care that the complete medical dossier on Sartorius
was sent to my volunteer. When the volunteer showed it to me I freely
admitted the accuracy of the record. Told him that if he were afraid, he
could withdraw and I would understand. This brought him quickly into
line. My theory as to his compulsion was evidently well-founded. As to
the suspension of operations, I shall see to it that it is strictly temporary.
—Garski

Mr. Robert Shepard

Personal
It is regrettable that your organization has seen fit to interfere with my
work. If it comes to the hearing before the full Council, I suppose I shall
be forced to bring out the facts about some unfortunate medical
experiments at the University forty-two years ago. Of course this might
not bother the august President of the Council. Perhaps he likes to be
reminded of carefree student days....
G.

DIRECTIVE
FROM: THE PRESIDENT OF THE SCIENCE COUNCIL
TO : All Members
29 SEPT., 2168
SUSPENSION OF OPERATIONS ON PROJECT 3889, PEIFFER
SCIENCE FOUNDATION, IS REVOKED EFFECTIVE
IMMEDIATELY AND EXPERIMENTATION WILL BE PERMITTED
TO PROCEED UNHINDERED. SHEPARD, PRESIDENT.

Mr. Ralph Watson

Ground Control Approach Division
Spaceport New Dallas, Mars
Dear Ralph:
I may be seeing you sooner than you expect. Maybe you've read the
rumors about converter-transmitter experiments in the facsimile papers.
Well, that's me, baby. I'm the human cannonball that they're going to
shoot through space.
You've heard of the Peiffer Foundation. They turned out that stepped-up
atomic fuel a couple of years ago. Well, they're my new bosses, and an
old bird by the name of Garski is getting ready to load me into his
cannon. And the target is Mars.
So if you hear somebody go shooting by your window one of these
nights, hollering, "Look, Ma—no rocket ship!" that'll be your old buddy.
I'm not exactly crazy about this Garski character—he looks at you like
you were an interesting smear under a microscope—but I'm not getting
paid to love him. I'm getting paid to take a chance, and the money's good
—enough to buy me a tramp ship so I can start my own little line when
this is over.
And speaking of lines, tell our friend Bannerman I'll be glad to hold him
on my lap on the return trip—that is, if he's got the nerve.
See you soon, buddy.
Tony

PEIFFER SCIENCE FOUNDATION

PROGRESS REPORT
PROJECT 3889, NICHOLAS GARSKI, DIRECTOR
4 OCT., 2168
All is in readiness for the final step in the experiment. The volunteer has
signed a waiver of all claims save that of payment, the mechanism has
been triple-checked in test runs with inanimate solids. Tomorrow at
approximately 2:30 p.m. Central Standard Time the Earth will come into
the ideal juxtaposition with Mars. I am confident that the adjustments I
have made in the resistor coils and elsewhere will eliminate all shock to
the subject and success will be mine. But twenty-four hours from now
and a galaxy will echo to the name of—Garski
PEIFFER SCIENCE FOUNDATION
FINAL REPORT
PROJECT 3889, NICHOLAS GARSKI, DIRECTOR
5 OCT., 2168
(Note: This report made by Laboratory Technician D. J. Williams in the
absence of Dr. Garski, for the record. Complete report will be made by
the Doctor upon his return.)
Project 3889 was today completed. Result: Failure. The subject Kostov
has been found insane and removed under guard. Dr. Garski left the
laboratory in a highly agitated state immediately after the experiment and
has not returned. It might be observed by one who was present at both
experiments that the eyes of the subject Kostov were of the same lifeless
glassiness as those of Sartorius after the first experiment in '66.

UNIDENTIFIED BODY DISCOVERED

Chicago, Oct. 6—The body of an elderly man was found floating in Lake
Michigan this morning by fishermen. There was no identification on the
body, but the clothing seemed to indicate a hospital or laboratory worker.
Suicide was indicated by an unsigned note in a pocket reading, "I know
now what I have done and it is unthinkable."

The Journal of Steven Sartorius

Oct. 6, 2168.... There is another nearby like myself. I can feel its
presence. This is great news—the time approaches! Soon I will no longer
have to while away the hours by writing these pages and then destroying
them before the guards come around. For this other must sense my
presence too, and working together, we will quickly escape this house of
madness.
They have put it in the compartment next to mine. That is excellent. I
will communicate with it by wall-taps, and we will soon devise a code.
Once this is done, I will communicate to it my plan for overpowering the
night guard and we will be away from this place.
Away—free—free of these fools who class us with lunatics. And of them
all, Garski was the greatest fool. I hear the guards in the hall saying he
destroyed himself when the second experiment failed.
Failed, he thought! A fool to the end. It succeeded! Just as the first one
did, it succeeded.
An answer so beautifully simple, and he never saw it. Garski the
perfectionist, meticulously checking each last detail. And not seeing the
most important fact of all.
Of course the machine works—up to a point. The body that is assembled
in the receiving set is physically complete. Atoms and molecules can be
converted into electrical impulses and beamed through space, for atoms
and molecules are solids. But a soul is not.
There is more to a man than atoms and molecules, and that is why I am
not a man, although I have a man's body. Thanks to Garski's machine, I
am the first of all time to be free of that foul encumbrance men call a
soul. The chains of conscience struck off, I am free to destroy those who
oppose me, to kill—to conquer!
Yes—conquer. For there will be more of us when we have escaped this
prison. I know how to build the machine. And I hear the guards saying
this other is strong and bold. That is well. What a combination we will
make, I to create the supermen of tomorrow and my new brother to lead
them! A terrible army of soulless creatures to enslave these weaklings
that call themselves men.
Wait! Do I hear a faint tapping? Yes, it is trying to contact me already. I
come, brother, I come...!

STATE NEURO-PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITAL

Evanston, Illinois
Nov. 7, 2168
To All Staff Members—CONFIDENTIAL
The escape of the inmates Sartorius and Kostov will not be discussed
with members of the press. The salient facts, i. e. vital statistics on the
dead guard Rasmussen, exact time of the escape, etc., have already been
announced by this office and it is felt that further discussion of the matter
would only lead to unnecessary speculation.
LOUIS ASHLEY, Administrator.
Crashaw, Ky.

Augest 22, 2170

Deer Bessy,
How you ben? i am fine hope to See you Soon. Caint see you nex Sardy
nigt tho. am gon up with a bunch of the boys to see them funny fellows
Tony an Steve. They got som graet tricks you kno. Best ones a big black
box wher one sets in it and tother pushes a swich an he dispears. Aint
nowhers about—you can hunt all you plees. Then all at wonce hes back
alaffin like all get out.
Corse they ack kinda crazy but there a barel of fun. Next Sardy nigt they
say there gon let me an the boys set in the box. So when i see you i will
let you kno how it feels to dispear. Hope i dont lose nothin in the prosess
if you kno what i mean. Ha. ha.
Rufe
 *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK JIGSAW ***

Updated editions will replace the previous one—the old editions will be
renamed.

Creating the works from print editions not protected by U.S. copyright
law means that no one owns a United States copyright in these works, so
the Foundation (and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States
without permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules,
set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
copying and distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect
the PROJECT GUTENBERG™ concept and trademark. Project
Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you charge
for an eBook, except by following the terms of the trademark license,
including paying royalties for use of the Project Gutenberg trademark. If
you do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
trademark license is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any
purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
research. Project Gutenberg eBooks may be modified and printed and
given away—you may do practically ANYTHING in the United States
with eBooks not protected by U.S. copyright law. Redistribution is
subject to the trademark license, especially commercial redistribution.

START: FULL LICENSE

THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
 PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK

To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the free

distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work (or
any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project
Gutenberg”), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
Gutenberg™ License available with this file or online at
www.gutenberg.org/license.

Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing

Project Gutenberg™ electronic works

1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™ electronic

work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to and accept
all the terms of this license and intellectual property
(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all the
terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy all
copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in your possession. If
you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project Gutenberg™
electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the terms of this
agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or entity to whom
you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.

1.B. “Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be used

on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who agree
to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few things that
you can do with most Project Gutenberg™ electronic works even
without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See paragraph
1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project Gutenberg™
electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement and help
preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. See
paragraph 1.E below.

1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the

Foundation” or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection
of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the individual works
in the collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an
individual work is unprotected by copyright law in the United States and
you are located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent
you from copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating
derivative works based on the work as long as all references to Project
Gutenberg are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the
Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting free access to electronic
works by freely sharing Project Gutenberg™ works in compliance with
the terms of this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg™ name
associated with the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this
agreement by keeping this work in the same format with its attached full
Project Gutenberg™ License when you share it without charge with
others.

1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in
a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check the
laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement before
downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or creating
derivative works based on this work or any other Project Gutenberg™
work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning the
copyright status of any work in any country other than the United States.

1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:

1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
access to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must appear prominently
whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg™ work (any work on which
the phrase “Project Gutenberg” appears, or with which the phrase
“Project Gutenberg” is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed,
viewed, copied or distributed:

This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States
and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no
restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it
under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this
eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the
United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where
you are located before using this eBook.

1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is derived

from texts not protected by U.S. copyright law (does not contain a notice
indicating that it is posted with permission of the copyright holder), the
work can be copied and distributed to anyone in the United States
without paying any fees or charges. If you are redistributing or providing
access to a work with the phrase “Project Gutenberg” associated with or
appearing on the work, you must comply either with the requirements of
paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the
work and the Project Gutenberg™ trademark as set forth in paragraphs
1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is posted

with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any
additional terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will
be linked to the Project Gutenberg™ License for all works posted with
the permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this
work.

1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg™

License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this work
or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg™.

1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this

electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without prominently
displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with active links or
immediate access to the full terms of the Project Gutenberg™ License.

1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including
any word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access
to or distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg™ work in a format other
than “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in the official version
posted on the official Project Gutenberg™ website (www.gutenberg.org),
you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
request, of the work in its original “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other form.
Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg™ License
as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.

1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, performing,
copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™ works unless you
comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.

1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing access
to or distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works provided that:
 • You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
the use of Project Gutenberg™ works calculated using the method
you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is owed
to the owner of the Project Gutenberg™ trademark, but he has
agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments must be
paid within 60 days following each date on which you prepare (or
are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax returns. Royalty
payments should be clearly marked as such and sent to the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the address specified in
Section 4, “Information about donations to the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation.”

• You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he does
not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg™ License. You
must require such a user to return or destroy all copies of the works
possessed in a physical medium and discontinue all use of and all
access to other copies of Project Gutenberg™ works.

• You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of

any money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days of
receipt of the work.

• You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
distribution of Project Gutenberg™ works.

1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg™

electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set forth in
this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from the Project
Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the manager of the Project
Gutenberg™ trademark. Contact the Foundation as set forth in Section 3
below.

1.F.

1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable

effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
works not protected by U.S. copyright law in creating the Project
Gutenberg™ collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg™
electronic works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may
contain “Defects,” such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
your equipment.

1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except

for the “Right of Replacement or Refund” described in paragraph 1.F.3,
the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the
Project Gutenberg™ trademark, and any other party distributing a
Project Gutenberg™ electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal fees.
YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR
NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR
BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE PROVIDED IN
PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS
AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL,
DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you

discover a defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it,
you can receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending
a written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you
received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium
with your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you
with the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu
of a refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy is
also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
opportunities to fix the problem.

1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth in
paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you ‘AS-IS’, WITH NO
OTHER WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.

1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied warranties

or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. If any
disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the law of the
state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be interpreted to
make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by the applicable
state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this
agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.

1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation,

the trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
providing copies of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in accordance
with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg™ electronic works,
harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, that
arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do or
cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg™ work,
(b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any Project
Gutenberg™ work, and (c) any Defect you cause.

Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project

Gutenberg™

Project Gutenberg™ is synonymous with the free distribution of

electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists
because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
people in all walks of life.

Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the

assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg™’s goals
and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg™ collection will remain freely
available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure and
permanent future for Project Gutenberg™ and future generations. To
learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and
how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 and the
Foundation information page at www.gutenberg.org.
 Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg
Literary Archive Foundation

The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non-profit

501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the state
of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal Revenue
Service. The Foundation’s EIN or federal tax identification number is
64-6221541. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent permitted by U.S. federal
laws and your state’s laws.

The Foundation’s business office is located at 809 North 1500 West, Salt
Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887. Email contact links and up to date
contact information can be found at the Foundation’s website and official
page at www.gutenberg.org/contact

Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project

Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation

Project Gutenberg™ depends upon and cannot survive without

widespread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
freely distributed in machine-readable form accessible by the widest
array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations
($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
status with the IRS.

The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating

charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United States.
Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a considerable
effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up with these
requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations where we have not
received written confirmation of compliance. To SEND DONATIONS or
determine the status of compliance for any particular state visit
www.gutenberg.org/donate.

While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we

have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
approach us with offers to donate.
International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make any
statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from outside
the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.

Please check the Project Gutenberg web pages for current donation
methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other
ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. To
donate, please visit: www.gutenberg.org/donate.

Section 5. General Information About Project

Gutenberg™ electronic works

Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg™

concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared with
anyone. For forty years, he produced and distributed Project
Gutenberg™ eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.

Project Gutenberg™ eBooks are often created from several printed

editions, all of which are confirmed as not protected by copyright in the
U.S. unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily
keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.

Most people start at our website which has the main PG search facility:
www.gutenberg.org.

This website includes information about Project Gutenberg™, including

how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to subscribe
to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.