Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TRUE/FALSE
1. Canon’s desktop copiers couldn’t collate, enlarge, or do grayscale replication and as such failed as a
disruptive innovation (Chapter 5 Opening Case).
2. Canon’s desktop copier was a disruptive innovation for the then larger photocopier industry dominated
by Xerox (Chapter 5 Opening Case).
3. Because of the demanding technology development required, disruptive innovations such as the
iPhone are usually confined to a single industry where it can focus on competing against a few rivals
(Chapter 5 Opening Case).
© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the
U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Medium OBJ: Application
NOT: AACSB: Business Knowledge & Analytical Skills | Management: Strategy | Dierdorff &
Rubin: Managing strategy & innovation | Bloom: Application
4. Firms operating in the same market, offering similar products and targeting similar customers are
competitors.
6. Competitive rivalry is the set of competitive actions and responses that occur among firms as they
maneuver for an advantageous market position.
7. “Competitive dynamics” indicates that firms and their strategic actions are independent.
8. Competitive dynamics refers to the total set of actions and responses taken by all firms competing
within a market.
9. A strategy’s success is determined not only by the firm’s initial competitive actions but also by how
well it anticipates competitors’ responses to them and by how well the firm anticipates and responds to
its competitors initial actions.
10. Intensified rivalry within an industry results in decreased average profitability for the firms within it.
© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the
U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Rubin: Managing the task environment | Bloom: Comprehension
11. Firms with high market commonality and highly similar resources are direct and mutually
acknowledged competitors.
12. According to the Chapter 5 Strategic Focus, the global automobile producing industry has high market
commonality but low resource similarity.
13. The global automobile producing industry has high market commonality and high resource similarity,
and are aware, motivated, and have the ability to compete for market share in each segment and
country they have entered (Chapter 5 Strategic Focus).
14. Toyota’s hybrid power train (e.g., the Prius) has been dominant for a number of years but rivals such
as Porche, Chrysler, Hyundai and GM have all developed competing hybrid systems. The
developments aimed at improving fuel efficiency illustrate competitive rivalry or “actions and
responses” by firms in the global automobile industry (Chapter 5 Strategic Focus).
15. Market commonality is concerned with the number of markets with which the firm and a competitor
are jointly involved and the degree of importance of the individual markets to each.
16. Coca Cola and PepsiCo compete across a number of products (e.g., soft drinks, bottled water) and
geographic markets (U.S. and foreign markets) indicating that both companies have market
commonality.
17. Research suggests that a firm with greater multimarket contact is less likely to initiate an attack, but
more likely to respond aggressively when attacked.
© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the
U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Hard OBJ: Comprehension
NOT: AACSB: Business Knowledge & Analytical Skills | Management: Strategy | Dierdorff &
Rubin: Managing the task environment | Bloom: Comprehension
19. Bayou Belle Water markets water drawn only from a single artesian well in Southern Louisiana. It has
a loyal following in its region. Since Bayou Belle markets the water, just as Coca-Cola, Nestle, and
PepsiCo do, Bayou Belle has high resource similarity with these international firms.
20. Two firms that have similar resources, but do not share markets would not be direct and mutually
acknowledged competitors.
21. Two firms, such as Fed Ex and UPS that have similar resources and common markets would be direct
and mutually acknowledged competitors.
22. Two firms, such as a small local, family-owned Italian restaurant and Olive Garden share few markets
and have little similarity in resources, but are nonetheless direct and mutually acknowledged
competitors.
23. The drivers of competitive behavior are awareness of the competitor, motivation to take action or
respond, and the organization’s ability in terms of resources and flexibility.
24. Awareness tends to be greatest when firms have highly similar resources and compete in multiple
markets.
© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the
U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: Knowledge
NOT: AACSB: Business Knowledge & Analytical Skills | Management: Strategy | Dierdorff &
Rubin: Managing decision-making processes | Bloom: Knowledge
26. Without available resources (such as financial capital and people), the firm lacks the ability to attack a
competitor or respond to its actions.
27. Under the framework of competitive action and response, “ability” refers to an attacking or responding
firm’s knowledge of the competitive market characteristics.
28. Among the drivers of competitive actions and responses, motivation refers to the perceived gains that
will result from a firm which initiates an attack. If a firm perceives that its position will improve, it is
more likely to attack.
29. Wal-Mart has recently opened a store in Alsatia, Missouri. Several local small retailers have decided
that choosing not to respond to Wal-Mart’s competitive actions is a viable long-term option, because
although the companies have high market commonality they have little resource similarity. These
small retailers are correct in their decision.
30. A competitive action is a strategic or tactical action taken by a firm to gain or defend a competitive
advantage or improve its market position.
© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the
U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
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The Project Gutenberg eBook of Saudades de D. Ignez de
Castro
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Language: Portuguese
D. IGNEZ
DE CASTRO.
PELO LICENCIADO
MANOEL DE AZEVEDO
Conimbricense.
OFFERECIDA AO SENHOR
GUILHERME JOAQUIM
PAES VELHO.
PELO PADRE
JOÃO DE GOUVEA
Prisbitero do habito de S. Pedro.
LISBOA:
Na Officina JOAQUINIANNA DA MUSICA DED.
Bernardo Fernandes Gayo, Morador na rua das Mudas.
M. DCC. XLV.
Com todas as licenças necessarias.
DEDICATORIA
AO SENHOR
GUILHERME JOAQUIM
PAES VELHO.
JUSTO era, que huma taõ excellente obra procurasse hum assyllo taõ
excelso. Publica-se por meyo da estanpa ao Mundo as Saudades de D.
Ignez de Castro, Rainha taõ infeliz, como formoza, e vendo eu que he
perigozo entregar nas mãos do vulgo cousa, para cuja seja materia a
sua distracçaõ, logo me occoreo, que a offerta só era conveniente em V.
M. porque sey, que como V. M. he dado às letras, naõ deyxarà de
amparar hum milagre da Poesia, e juntamente escurecer o alvedrio de
hum Zoylo. Materia difficel seria o querer expór ao publico a Genelogia
de V. M. que como conhecida naõ carece de explicação, mas só lembro a
V. M. que o sangue, que lhe pulsa pelas veyas, mais logra de soberano,
que de nobre. Dedicar o presente papel a V. M. he como divida, porque
confórme, diz Seneca, só se conhecem as remuneraçoens pelo
offerecimento, por essa causa quando eu tenho recebido taõ dilatados
favores, porque razaõ naõ heyde de manifestar o quanto sou devedor a
V. M. Aceyte pois o presente obsequio como divida, porque só assim
lograrey eu a ventura de acertar quando me lembro da sua generosidade
para o restituir. A pessoa de V. M. guarde Deos pelos annos, que todos
os seus amigos dezejamos.
Amigo, e Venerador de V. M.
O P. Joaõ de Gouvea
SAUDADES DE DONNA IGNEZ DE CASTRO.
I.
II.
III.
Mas Ignez só, que por penar vivia,
Naufragava em soluços cada instante,
Ignez, aquella Ignez, que amor fazia
Por lhe dobrar as magoas mais constante:
Aquella, em cujas graças competia
Ser formosa, discreta, e ser amante,
Em cujas prendas naõ tiveraõ parte
Artificios da industria, invençoẽs da arte.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
Entre os braços de Pedro, ardẽte Fragoa,
Se encosta Ignez sem vida, e sem sentido,
Que multiplîca a dôr, e dobra a magoa
Lograr presente o bem, que he já perdido:
Dos olhos sólta dous chuveiros de agoa,
Oceànos de neve, onde Cupîdo
Quiz da belleza já colhendo as velas,
Chegasse a tempestade até as estrellas.
XI.
XII.
XIII.
XIV.
XV.
XVI.
XVII.
Só com vosco, Senhor, irá segura,
Sem que mortal achaque lhe aconteça;
Porque talvez do Fado a sorte dura
Fóra deste meu peito a desconheça:
Nem poderá temer minha ventura,
Que sombra de pesar vos entristeça;
Pois farey no tormento mais esquivo
Correr por conta da alma o sensitivo.
XVIII.
XIX.
XX.
XXI.
XXII.
XXIII.
XXIV.
Qual quando na manhaã naufrága o dia
Nos undósos crystaes, que o Céo desata,
O Jasmim desmayado se agonîa
Dos acháques da gotta, que o maltrata:
Em desares trocando a galhardia,
Icaro já nas agoas se retrata,
O que lisonja foy taõ prateada,
Se no prado jasmim, nas ondas nada.
XXV.
XXVI.
XXVII.
XXVIII.
XXIX.
XXX.
XXXI.
Sucçeda á Primavera o secco Estio,
Á serena manhaã tarde calmosa,
Seja manso regato, quem foy rio,
Sejaõ seccas reliquias, quem foy Rosa:
Seja, quem Cravo foy, cadáver frio,
Seja quem foy Jasmim, cinza olorosa
Seja tudo á mudança em fim sujeito,
Que amor firme será dentro em meu peito.
XXXII.
XXXIII.
XXXIV.
XXXV.
XXXVI.
XXXVII.
XXXVIII.
Já nos braços da Aurora, que assomava,
Renascido chorava o novo dia,
Quando Ignez saudosa entaõ negava
A seu triste pesar a companhia:
A solidaõ do campo se apartava,
Onde só lamentava, e só gemia;
Porque mais no rigor de seus retiros
A piedade faltasse a seus suspiros.
XXXIX.
XL.
XLI.
XLII.
XLIII.
XLIV.
XLV.
E vós Rosas no mimo de huma Aurora
Lograis de vossa adôrno a pompa bella,
Que talvez por firmar vossa melhóra,
Tivéstes no nascer tão boa estrella:
Mas oh! que no pesar, que chóro agora,
Nestes fogosos ays, que o peito anéla,
Escolhe minha estrella em triste forte
Por pena a vida, por lisonja a morte.
XLVI.
XLVII.
XLVIII.
XLIX.
L.
LI.
LII.
Naõ me póde obrigar outro motivo,
Se naõ chorar-vos só por naturesa,
Que quer, que seja amor por excessivo
Tributo natural, o que he finesa:
Que como a seu querer sujeita vivo,
Rendida a seu querer captiva, e presa,
Do pranto, que saudosa me convinha,
Se naõ pode isentar a affeyçaõ minha.
LIII.
LIV.
LV.
LVI.
LVII.
LVIII.
LIX.
Menos dor, menor danno em fim tivéra,
Menos cruel sentira o meu cuidado,
Quando neste rigor, que padecera,
Me podéra esquecer do que hey logrado:
Mas ay! que nesta dor outra me espera,
E hum mal outro me traz apensionado;
Pois chego a padecer em meu sentido
O mal, que passo, o gosto, q̃ hey perdido.
LX.
LXI.
LXII.
LXIII.
LXIV.
LXV.
LXVI.
Oh! suspendey sentença taõ penosa,
Mitigay por hum pouco a crueldade,
Que naõ podeis dar morte rigorosa,
Que possa matar mais, que a saudade:
Mas já que minha dôr menos piedosa,
Vos naõ póde causar nova piedade,
Naõ me roubeis meus filhos, taõ queridos,
Unica prenda só de meus sentidos.
LXVII.
LXVIII.
LXIX.
LXX.
FIM
da primeyra parte.
SEGUNDA PARTE
I.
II.
III.
Á ventura se queyxa, que a beldade
Fosse causa da perda, porque unida
Naquellas prendas da melhor idade,
Fez acabar rigôr, o que era vida;
Mas a Parca tyranna por vaidade
Solicita bellesas advertida;
Porque dellas talvez se naõ cuidára,
Morre fora huma prenda, e só matára.
IV.
V.
VI.