Surface dressing / chipseal Asphalt applications NouryonSurface dressing / chipseal overview Surface dressing, also known as chipseal bituminous surface treatment, or seal coat, is a surface treatment com, d of an application of bitumen - in the form of emulsion, hot binder or cutback - to a pavement surface quickly followed by a layer of aggregate chippings. After application, the seal may be rolled to align and embed the aggrega the binder Asurface dressing /chipseal application's an economical Serube seal and ett rigue to waterproof ar layers and improve skid resistance Surface that aft 1's undetying —_Seruo sealissimlar to surface a 1 spraying, the binder is b de many additonal road surfs 3 chipsea! excest ed in dressing / ch pseal applica racks before benefits They seal the pavements nable rio improve appearance. They do not provide any suctu Graded aggregate sea (Ott seal) nprovernent. Craded aggregate seal isa surface dressing ‘or low ker penetrate and seal wer agg face, inclusing cracks, application of ate rimize oxidatve aging, rofiing and Surface dressing / chipseal can be used on roads of most range than conventonal ch pseal and a softer bind tfc levels, oF applied onto a base as aterporary 0 Ik provides a costetfectve se which ate permanent niaing surface. t at? um tuatficking has a texture similar to dense h ri (02-05 galiyo sprayapple: n layer typical Its less susceptine xo snow fered with 6-12 rns (/2-L/2 inch} one-size aggregate surface dressing / chipsea| and has the flexiilty © rich is rolled in, withstand mevernert in ta sea frthein yng unbound materials, 9s designe for ae climates and is usea in by sweeping ater the suriace A, Canada, Seandinavia ana reatment has cured. Couble or triple applications g sea, can be applied reduce raveling and provide a black Primer seat ping countries over chipsea! surface The application of a surface: seal on a gravel for stabilized base as a bond coats calles primer sea\ or “fest coat’ seal ins hat nay be covered with 2% Theve are several special tyoes ot surf inves. prowdes 2 temporary Sand seal tine aggregate seal) or other surfacing within a year. Surface dressing / cipseal nd coat or cement concrete couse chigseal Sand seals a spray application of ttumen to a road is 80 sometimes used a sutface ‘olowed by an application of sand or fine roads if they are to be covered witha thin asphalt veriay stress absorting essing or slury. Similar products are used (SAM aggregate in a process similar o surWhat can be achieved with surface Gressing / chioseal? + Prever usion into gravel basis + lnprove suid resistence + mprove surface texture / surface orainage + Filsmall cracks + Conect flushed surfaces : 9 surface on stabilizes bases : 4 + Dalingate shoulders, rurnble audibie warning jth reflective cover agaregatel rease roectve surface for right ving surfaces in euitural areas, fr examale around ale castles surfaces on highly patched roads Surface dressing / chipseal primary uses Waterproofing Skid resistance Crack fl Rejuvenation Bond coat ‘aagregate seal (Ota seal v v Prime seal v v NouryonPavement preservation halt and cement concrete roads deteriorate over tine throug the action of traffic, the elements and slow chemi in the binders themselv Early deterioration such as minor cracking, raveling,and Surface dressings /chipseals ae most widely used ir poising may be quickly and economically restored suburban areas and low trafic ura, 1020s but intenance teat n enier designed chipseals ave also u prevent sign*icant deteioraton by providing 2 oarier applied 19 hard shoulaers airpor roads a between the asphalt seuctual layers and the elements. restore and rejuvenate aged asphalt surfaces Surface dressings /chipseals based on biturnen emulsion refs Polymer (in the fon of ates porated ether into tre ernuson du wards to improve perforrna and curabiity, The results an envionmentalyfiendly product, without the fumes or risk associated wth hot ‘or eutoack bin Time / tie The con Maintenance isrnow widely accepted 2 highway road shoud be treated while stilin good pt of Pavernent Presenvat fr condition when a small investment of trne and ‘money wil pay back the mast in extended If. If eft to0 long nads become severely damaged and are expensive and disruptive to repair or reconstct. The Michigan Department of Transportation reports thas for every dollar spent on Preveniive Maintenance ft saves si to ten dollars in future reconstruction oF rehabilitation cost ing to severai road autores in Furope, surface dressing has 2 very fo ble ite cycle cos Emulsion, cutback and hot binder attributes for surface dressing / chipseal Surface dressing /chipseal and rel provide a good combination of restaative ane preven ications Divates _Ernulkion __Cutback __Hotbinger Handing Low fre aintenarce for ‘aw cost, a quick oracess w Sintra layers froma water ntusion. rp Cie Fos ssractural provement or comectrajor deformations nie nes eed to be filedbetore aopicason ofthe seal “Dun——Senatva—Lesenaive —Clesncrre ares to thin or uvathin hot rik overlay, pated ches generaly avoids the need for extensive ming and “Adhesion Danpahipe Nesdant tp May neea pe removal ef ol su de a surface with beter ony cones chesThe process and types of seals Before sutace ares ng / chipseal can bea ied the size of 3-5 mm or a regular single-sized chip, usualy it be repaved as necessary Crack about half he se of the fst chip. Mer tne salar chip existing road surface mu sea. and patch rmx also must be fuly cured “lay patch is applied, the road s compactes again, tain solvents may take several . vel or stabi zea fore application begins base, or anyhigh sess to cute, The surface is sweps 3 surface Some autnorties wait several weeks betore applying the second sressing Bitumen thot emulsion or cutback) is applied using a toa granular base of gravel road to alow te fst to fully pressure distioutor with nezzies arranged te provide ‘ul embed, The lowe texture of the double seal mean: evan coverage wi With cutback and ca emulsions, the aggregate + usually applad irommedia © lower nose level. third application with even ter cnip ore level nurban areas Somme auinores sug applying cover aggregate to high float ernulsio 1 aysterns a second layer of smaller cps nacied chipsea Aggregate is applied from a chip spreader and begins immediately applied to the uncompacted or ighty al application the with oneumatc tes rollers. Conticlled speed tate ess The coverage of tre first ayer of chips is reduces to allow {han 20-30 mph (30-50 krn/hl depending on the region space for the smaller stone. An advantage of the systern is may be allowed on immediately Higher speed watic must excess loose chips tend to be of the smaller size, Usually wals until ary loose chippings ae remove: ing Light sweeping can usvaly be completed t (Or cement concrete or where the aspnat road shows ng sealing. Fast curing systerns may allow large variation in porosity eg because of extensive crack sweeping ea fil, einstatemerts or patching! 3 fist pass using smal rips can provide an aven surface for a second regular Double or multioe layers can be constructed using surface oressing J chipsea. The ovacess is sometimes nt sequences of biider ana aggregate. In double called inverted seal or gad coat plication of binder and smaller chip otmnaly the application of In yet another vanation, “sandwich seal coarse cover aggregate i teduced in te frst layer ofa oupe agategate can be applied tothe road surface with chipsea. comparedto a single seal, 0 avoid the need for prior appiation of binder Binaer is ap es applied on This weatrnent can be used te deal with fated up ateas in hot mx surfacing ing, The fistlayer ray soretines be compacted befare the smalier cn is applies. “he secona raceriat 2 coarse washed choke’ sang witn an uy Surface dressing chipseat types Surface dressing chipseal process Nouryon 5Design of single seals Proper design can improve the useful lifetime of surface dressing chipseal by determining the correct application rate of binder and cover aggregate for the particular traffic volume and existing road surface to ensure surface durability. Design methods start with size of the cover aggregate. and packing propertie Dust 2 Bust sgniicanty impedes adhesion between the bin fesignars fst a Then they determine a inde and sione surface and #o should be rsinim zea i filed with binder, acs the consition ofthe ole road surface and the wafic level. _aggrega:e srould be washed f possible. Tne rater passing 200 mesh {75m the emulsion and cover aggregate ——_—less than 2% and ott ically specited to be by simple coating ang adhesion tests. provide inforrnat ‘curing rates and final properties ae rarely included in the design process, Single iyer surtace dress toassingle chipsea.in the US, 's alow cos: process often agoied to low aticked roads. Many autho spacty materia and apply guidelines for agaregat rates vased lowing afl ‘The aggregate The quality of materais used depen traffic level able and tion for alow taficked frn-to-rnarke road or cycieway, hign quality cubical crushed rock akiness index, high vw value, and low polishing potental ray be necessary for highways, Cr Lightweight aggregate may be to cars frorn loose chippings Gradiation| The top size ofthe cover aggregate rangas from 5 {8/4 inch) to 25 ram {neh athough some developrnent work with 24 mm (#8) chips has been perforrned France. 95 rm 3/8 Chip used in single seals in the United S {design methods may dernand coarser aggregate in rate levels and wth softer road surfaces to prevent al top se isthe most Larger chios ay trafic but lembedrnent. Balter results are ablarned with one sized agareaate a be speci 8 tigniness of the graaing ervelope mayParticle shape ter vaficking the ¢ imersion facing up. wheelpaths Flat particles make it afi to and isk being subergea inthe bin reed to meet 2 Flakiness Index value. Fractions from the sieve test ae passed through appropriately sized slots and the percent flakiness determined OQ KS, Before ong Cri tray rs terroling ana attic ps tend to tle with hair shortes inthe ian texture hiss particulaly tr Wren considering embedment and co retnads consider the average leas which can be calculated from the median size and he flakiness index or determined on 2 sarnple of the age, design nension (ALD) ‘greatest sinnension ‘or nagian drnersion IMD} ean be de specif w@AGD MD Roured ps and ore, especially for highly traficked areas. Crushed faces are ratio ef AL icles do not inieriocietfectve! ‘or more crushed faces may be demanded eterminea visually on plus 1/4 inch lgreate than § rr) Coverage and spread rate The: te appicatio from the unecs fate can be simply cal 1 bul density or parially compacted bulk densty and the top size, wth an allowance for 5 4 nsiy of 5 rfc oF ‘one and the voids in in the widely us nuses the pacted aggregate, b ofthis {ce the voids nthe aggregate 0 40) rs matnod tends to overestinate a rents with one-size ¢ Used metrod the cover power of the agayegate is Binder options, biturmen emulsions ‘nenie Cation vue TERS-OP IBS or le ERS-21 tat CHFRS 2 Hot bitumen imaybe palnermacifies) PG grade Penevaton grade experimentally ng the aggregate out 1 a ray one stone deep and weighing The sized the aggrega willbe requie sprea the higher the 2 108d. ‘of smal chios may help prevent nto ver application of coarser chis may sarnage (rsk of vehicle amnage. 1 design methods tion rates are sometimes expressed or measured in volume of aggregate pet area, ‘use of tne diferences in aggregate cersty “Typica app es are 10-14 kare (18-25 los The binder nder content set ernusions are the most binder for surface dressing / chipseal, bu regions, Polymer-madifes binets or emulsions rray be specie f 20s Elastic Recovery, ity, MCR othe Viait Penauiun cohesion tes ed may be so as penevation. The Fo Jclure certain binders, Gel structure ‘yor ely speciied al emulsions he inausty is develoning a Surface 128 Grade system for spray applied an agproach analogous to PG raging of hot is associates with reduces the Binder and is in Norn America, Perfor: crix binges. Nouryon 7‘Application rate Chip loses reduced at higher binder application rates, but This can be directly addressed by reducing ine appication application rates are ited by the ns of bleeding and of binderin zne wheel-patrs wits soph stated reduced texture Design application res are generally istioutors, or an average application rate can be used, based on acersin tager embeament of the chip into ne binder o* a cerain filing ofthe voids content of tne The application rate of ernulsion and cutoack binders aggregate reeds to be adjusted according o ther rescue content Because they are applied ata higher valurne more ef the ‘Many autnorties use a mixdesign approach which targets chips italy wetted and they may deliver a better bond oid filed with bitumen after compaction an 2 an application equivalent to a hot bitumer ratic. An inal filing ofthe voids with binder to 50% after rolling may rs@t0 70-80% atte afhcking As mentened Corrections to te application rate depen on the ove there isa risk tnat smaller chips or flaky materia absorpive capacity of the road surface to be veated ray be covered by binder overtime and aggregates with Higher binder agpiication rate for dry open surfaces high flakiness indices willneed reduces binger application and lower for smocth rich surfaces. This can be a very rales, while providing ess vexture depth than more cubical _sighfican: adjustment (4/30% i possible the orginal aggregate {fesign application rate In some design metrods the road surface is testes for texture using the sand patch test in an Because the seal outside the wneel-path is compacted —_etfort to geta quantitative cartection factor A portion of less by traf, there isa mismatch netween the design the embedrnen: ofthe chip a result of penetration into binder appicatan in the wheel-path and that outsise. the underiyng road surface. Surface dressing / chipseal aggregate and emulsion application guidelines neers a ‘enna _Agesie cae Repeigtt Tpkight cast Rugg? Iptatint swace “cass isis use $ noe “Ness isor heavy tai, erbedrne ss binder needs to be applied. By With sof surf road i higne contrast on hard surfaces or ightytaficked roads a of the cnip. Peneta Wdentavon tests can Be used in the Heid to estate oad surface gavegate is used ther adjusted upwarcs, n cutoack binders, ut the eect smal sare inthe range of 0.32 45 line for hes applied, or 02a 5-21 m2) for emulsion Some authorities increase tne binder application rate during coo! Compatiiity te and by simple adres ‘goraaat compatbilty nips ae places inemersed nwater or subjectes to a boiling st testto check adhesion For not or cutback binders the Innnmars.on Tay test provides 3 check on the ably ‘ace. Laboratory pert binge e water from the 2 nance and cornpatbilty tests have confirnes that emusion binders perform batter wren the aggregate is damp, whereas hot applied and cutback oincers perform test wits dry aggregates Vialt Plate tests also used to check active adhesion by cited, Specialy poly rested chips ma ot applies precoated chips © fe recommended t0 fersure 900 achesion The chips are treated with turner x aleve of 0.25-0.75%, usually in a hot process. In sorve uives the chips are washes or coaced with diesel fuel ‘or kerosene, which may contain adhesion promotes, in 2 cold process. Nouryon 9