Vertical curve

Vertical Curves are the second of the two important transition elements in
geometric design for highways, the first being Horizontal Curves. A vertical curve
provides a transition between two sloped roadways, allowing a vehicle to
negotiate the elevation rate change at a gradual rate rather than a sharp cut.
The design of the curve is dependent on the intended design speed for the
roadway, as well as other factors including drainage, slope, acceptable rate of
change, and friction.
 There are two types of vertical curves:
 Crest curves
 Sag curves
 Design controlled by stopping sight distance
 On occasion, decision sight distance may be needed
Vertical curves should result in a design that is safe, comfortable in operation,
pleasing in appearance, and provide
*Sag curves are used where the change in grade is positive, such as valleys,
while crest curves are used when the change in grade is negative
Vertical Sag Curve
 The lengths are established based on four criteria:
 Headlight sight distance
 Passenger comfort
 Drainage control (minimum 0.3%)
 General appearance (same as crest curve)
For comfortable
For example: For a design speed of 60 mph, determine the length of the sag
vertical curve with A = +10%
Stopping Sight Distance: 570 ft
For S < L
L = 10 x 5702 / (400 + 3.5 x 570) = 1,357 ft
Check for comfort:
L = 10 x 602 / 46.5 = 774 ft (L = 1,357 ft is higher)