Plant Hormones Involved in Development and Stress Tolerance

Submitted to: Dr. Hamid Manzoor

Agriculture Biotechnology (M)

Hormone Discovery Types Plant Development Stress Reference

Auxins Fritz W. 4-Chloroindole acetic acid (4- Promote cell division, stem and Drought and high Abel et al.
Went (1928) Cl-IAA), Phenylacetic acid root growth salinity 1996
(PAA), Indole-3-acetaldoxime
(iaox), Indole-3-acetonitrile
(IAN) and Indoleacetamide
(IAM)
Gibberellins E. Kurosawa GA1, GA2, GA3 Seed germination, stem elongation, Cold, salt and Olszewski et
(1926) pollen maturation, and transition osmotic stress al. 2002
from vegetative growth to flowering

Cytokinins F. Skoog, C. Adenine-type (kinetin, zeatin, Promote cell division, or Temperature, Bano et al.
Miller and 6-benzylaminopurine) cytokinesis, in plant roots and drought, osmotic, 1994
(1950s) phenylurea-type (diphenylurea shoots salt, and nutrient
and thidiazuron (TDZ)) stress

Abscisic Acid Ohkum Arabidopsis (ABI1, ABI2, and Promotes stomatal Drought and high Alca´zar et
(1965) ABI3) closure, and regulates the salinity al. 2006
expression of various protective or
adaptive genes

Jasmonic Acid Edouard Jasmonic acid (JA), methyl Growth and development (stamen, Cold, CO2, drought, Kang et al.
Demole jasmonate (meja) and trichome, flowering repression) salinity, heavy 2005
(1957) jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile) metals, and light
Ethylene Richard Gane Ethylene dichloride, ethyl Growth, development (leaves, Drought and salt Achard et al.
(1934) chloride, and ethylene flowers, and fruits), and regulation stress 2003
dibromide of metabolism

Salicylic Acid Raffaele Piria Phenolic phytohormone (beta Seed Defense Manthe et al.
(1838) hydroxy acid (BHA) germination, seedling response (regulates 1992
establishment, respiration, stomatal local disease
responses, senescence, resistance
thermotolerance, nodulation, and mechanisms)
abiotic stress

Brassinosteroids Mitchell et al. C27, C28 or C29 Root and shoot growth, vascular High temperature, Tanaka et al.
(1979) differentiation, fertility, flowering, chilling, drought, 2003
and seed germination salinity and heavy
metals
Nitric Oxide Joseph Neuronal NOS (or nnos), Defense response, growth and Drought, heat and Uchida et al.
Priestly endothelial NOS (or enos) and development, iron homeostasis salt tolerant 2002
(1772) inducible NOS (or inos)
Polyamines Antonie van Triamine, tetraamine Organogenesis, embryogenesis, and Oxidative stress Urano et al.
Leeuwenhoek spermidine and spermine abiotic and biotic plant stress (inhibit DNA 2003
(1678) responses methylation)

References
Abel S, Theologis A (1996) Early genes and auxin action. Plant Physiol 111:9–17.

Olszewski N, Sun T, Gubler F (2002) Gibberellin signaling: Biosynthesis, catabolism, and response pathways. Plant Cell 14(Suppl):S61–S80.

Bano A, Hansen H, D€orffling K, Hahn H (1994) Changes in the contents of free and conjugated abscisic acid, phaseic acid and cytokinins in xylem sap of drought stressed
sunflower plants. Phytochemistry 37:345–347.

Alca´zar R, Cuevas JC, Patro´n M, Altabella T, Tiburcio AF (2006a) Abscisic acid modulates polyamine metabolism under water stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Physiol Plant
128:448–455.

Kang DJ, Seo YJ, Lee JD, Ishii R, Kim KU, Shin DH, Park SK, Jang SW, Lee IJ (2005) Jasmonic acid differentially affects growth, ion uptake and abscisic acid concentration in
salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive rice cultivars. J Agro Crop Sci 191:273–282.

Achard P, Vriezen WH, Van Der Straeten D, Harberd NP (2003) Ethylene regulates Arabidopsis development via the modulation of DELLA protein growth repressor function.
Plant Cell 15:2816–2825.

Manthe B, Schulz M, Schnabl H (1992) Effects of salicylic acid on growth and stomatal movement of Vicia faba L.: Evidence for salicylic acid metabolization. J Chem Ecol
18:1525–1539.

Tanaka K, Nakamura Y, Asami T, Yoshida S, Matsuo T, Okamoto S (2003) Physiological roles of brassinosteroids in early growth of Arabidopsis: brassinosteroids have a
synergistic relationship with gibberellin as well as auxin in light-grown hypocotyl elongation. J Plant Growth Regul 22:259–271.

Uchida A, Jagendorf AT, Hibino T, Takabe T, Takabe T (2002) Effects of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide on both salt and heat stress tolerance in rice. Plant Sci 163:515–523.

Urano K, Yoshiba Y, Nanjo T, Igarashi Y, Seki M, Sekiguchi F, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K (2003) Characterization of Arabidopsis genes involved in biosynthesis of
polyamines in abiotic stress responses and developmental stages. Plant Cell Environ 26:1917–1926.