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【No.14】presentation for NUP forum 16.12.2019
【No.14】presentation for NUP forum 16.12.2019
Final Consultation
Nay Pyi Taw, MICCII, 16 December 2019
Jointly organized by UN- Habitat and Ministry of Construction, Myanmar
1
National Urban Policy Forum - Final Consultation, MICCII (16.12.2019)
A National Urban Policy (NUP) is “a coherent set of decisions derived through a deliberate
government-led process of coordinating and rallying various actors for a common vision
and goal that will promote more transformative, productive, inclusive and resilient urban
development for the long term” (UN-Habitat)
Urban Policy Consultation Meeting of Union Level and States/ Regional Level
Table III Total Population, Urban Population, Average Growth Rates 1990-2014 (CAGR)
0
MYA BD VN TH MAL
URBANIZATION PROJECTION
I II III IV V VI VII VIII
2014: 2014 (%) Projection Projection Absolute Change Average Comparison:
Absolute 2030: 2030 (%) Change, 2014–2030 Annual Urbanization
Number Absolute 2014-2030 (%) Growth Rates in
(million) Number (million) Rate 2014- Vietnam 2014
(million) 2030 (%)
ENTIRE
POPULATION 51.5 100 58.9 100 7.4 14.3 0.84 100
URBAN
POPULATION: 15.2 29.6 20.4 34.7 5.2 33.9 1.84 33
IN CITIES > 1
MILLION PEOPLE (%
OF ENT. POP.) 5.8 11.3 9.2 15.6 3.4 58.3 2.91 13.7
IN CITIES FROM 0.3
MILLION TO 1
MILLION PEOPLE (%
OF ENT. POP.) 1.2 2.4 1.9 3.2 0.7 54.1 2.74 3
IN CITIES < 0.3
MILLION PEOPLE (%
OF ENT. POP.) 8.2 15.9 9.3 15.8 1.1 13.4 0.79 16.3
GDP PROJECTION
2014 PROJECTI Change CAGR VIETNAM
ON 2030 2014 – 2014 - 2012
2030 (%) 2030 (%)
REAL GDP PER
CAPITA (IN
CONSTANT 2005
USD) 445 1314 195.2 7.00 946
Urban Sprawl ,
Low Density and Low
Productivity
8
National Urban Policy Forum - Final Consultation, MICCII (16.12.2019)
• Public Transport Infrastructure မစတငံမီ ွမို ဴှကီဵမ့ာဵ၏ အစးနအ ံ ဖ့ာဵတးငံ ွမို ဴကးကံသစံ
တိုဵခ့ဲ ဴျခငံဵ လုပင ံ နံဵမ့ာဵေြကာငံဴ ွမို ဴျပဧရိယာအတးငဵံ ဆကံသးယံသးာဵလာမှု အခကံအခဲမ့ာဵ ြကုဳေတး ဴရွပီဵ
ေနာငံအနာဂတံတးငံ အရညံအေသးဵျမငံေဴ သာ အေျခခဳအေဆာကံအအုဳမ့ာဵန္ငံဴ အစာဵထိုဵ ျဖညံဆ ဴ ညံဵ
ေပဵမညံဆလ ို ျှေငံ ျပုျပငံေျပာငံဵလဲရနံ ခကံခမ ဲ ညံ။ ွမို ဴျပ၏ အဓိက လမံဵမှကီဵမ့ာဵတးငံ ေန ဴစဲံန္ငဴအ
ံ မျှေ
Traffic Congestion သညံ စီဵပးာဵေရဵ ကုနံက့စရိတံကို ျမငံဴတကံ ေစသညံ ။
ွမို ဴျပအသးငံကူဵေျပာငံဵျခငံဵ၏ စိနံေခ်မှုမ့ာဵကို စီမဳခနံ ဴခးဲရနံ ဥပေဒန္ငံဴ စညံဵမ့ဲံဵ စညံဵကမံဵမ့ာဵ၊ စီမဳခနံ ဴခးဲမှုန္ငံဴ
အဖးဲ ဴအစညံဵဆိုငံရာ အေထာကံအကူျပု နညံဵလမံဵမ့ာဵ မ္ာလညံဵ လုဳေလာကံစးာမရ္ိျခငံဵ (သို ဴမဟုတ)ံ မရ္ိသေလာကံ
အာဵနညံဵျခငံဵတို ဴန္ငံဴ ြကုဳေတး ဴေနရသညံ။
11
National Urban Policy Forum - Final Consultation, MICCII (16.12.2019)
Less
Financing No provide the
infrastructure
No budget improvement Source: Renaissance
Institute
Weak
Infrastructure
Less Tax
& Services
13
Municipal Governance and Finance
Policy Measures - မူဝါဒေရဵရာမ့ာဵ
• ွမို ဴနယံတင
း ံဵ အဓိကလိုအပံခ့ကံမ့ာဵကို ရညံေွှနံဵေသာ ျပညံသူလူထုဝနံေဆာငံမှု လုပံငနံဵမ့ာဵန္ငဴံ အသုဳဵစရိတံမ့ာဵ
အာဵလုဳဵကို စနစံတက့ ျပနံလညံသုဳဵသပံျခငံဵန္ငဴံ ဆနံဵစစံေလဴလာျခငံဵတို ဴ လုပံေဆာငံ ျခငံဵ၊
15
Which laws and policies?
1.Duties and Rights of the People’s Council and Executive Committees at
various levels, 1977
key laws and policies guiding2.The State Law and Order Restoration Council’s Law No.8/88
3.The Lower Burma Land Revenue Manual, 1876
4.The Upper Burma Land and Revenue Regulation, 1889
Planning and Management 5.The Land Acquisition Act, 1894
in Cites and secondary towns 6.The Lower Burma Town and Village Land Manual, 1899
7.The Registration Act, 1909
8.The Cantonments Act, 1923
No shortage of laws, but... 9. The National Housing, Town and Country Development Act, 1951
10.The Disposal of Tenancies Law, 1963
11.The Disposal of Tenancies Rules, 1963
Draft Urban and Regional 12.The Agriculturist’s Rights Protection Law, 1963
Planning Law 13.The Law Amending the Disposal of Tenancies Law, 1965
14.Transfer of Immovable Property Restriction Law, 1987
15.The Yangon City Development Committee Law, 1990
16.The Forest Law, 1992
17.Development Committee Law, 1993
18.The City of Mandalay Development Committee Law, 2002
19.Duties and Rights of the Central Committee for Management of
Cultivable Land, Fallow Land and Waste Land, 1991
20.Procedures Conferring the Right to Cultivable Land / Right to Utilized
Land, 1991
21.Order No.3: Conferring Powers Relating to Land Administration, 2007
22. Naypyitaw Council Development Law, 2007
Source: DUHD.MOC 23. Farm Land Law, 2012
24. The Vacant and Virgin Land Law, 2012
25. Environmental Protection Law, 2013
26. Myanmar National Building Code , 2016
27. Condominium Law, 2019
ခ။ ွမို ဴျပဥပေဒ ျပဌာနံဵေရဵ Urban Legislation Current situation
19
မ္တံပုဳတငံထာဵေသာ ွမို ဴျပေျမယာ မ့ာဵကို တရာဵမဝငံ(အရပံကတိစာခ့ုပံျဖငံဴသာ)
Land Governance
ေရာငံဵ/ဝယံျခငံဵကိစ္စရပံမ့ာဵစးာရ္ိသကဲဴသို ဴ၊ မ္တပံ ုဳတငံထာဵျခငံဵမရ္ိဘဲ လယံယာ ေျမမ့ာဵကို
လွှဲေျပာငံဵေရာငံဵခ့ျခငံဵ၊ အေဆာကံအဦတညံေဆာကံျခငံဵစသညံဴ တရာဵမဝငံ ေဆာငံရးကံမှု
ေျမယာပိုငံဆိုငံမှုလွှဲေျပာငံဵျခငံဵ မ့ာဵေနရာေဒသအန္ဳ ဴအျပာဵတးငံ ေတး ဴေနရသညံ။
Land Transfer တစံဆကံတညံဵတးငံ ေရ္ ဴဆကံလကံလုပံေဆာငံြကမညံဴ ေျမယာ ေရာငံဵ/ ဝယံ/ င္ာဵ/
အေမးေပဵ/ ခးဲစိတံျခငံဵ ကိစ္စရပံမ့ာဵအာဵလုဳဵကို (တရာဵဝငံ) မ္တပ ံ ုဳတငံလာေစရနံ တးနံဵအာဵ
ေပဵေသာ ေျမယာပိုငံဆိုငံမှုလွှဲေျပာငံဵျခငံဵ စနစံသစံတစံခု ခ့မ္တံရနံ လိုအပံပါသညံ။
ဘဏ္ဍာေရဵန္ငံဴ မကံခရို
ေျမယာအေရာငံဵအဝယံန္ငံဴ စပံလ့ဲံဵသညံဴ အခးနံအခဆိုငံရာ ယခုလကံရ္ိ
စီဵပးာဵေရဵဆိုငံရာ စညံဵမ့ဲံဵစညံဵကမံဵမ့ာဵသညံ တစံှကိမံတညံဵန္ငံဴ ပမာဏမ့ာဵစးာေပဵသးငံဵမှုအေပ်
ရှုေထာငံဴမ့ာဵ အေျခခဳထာဵေသာေြကာငံဴ ေျမအေရာငံဵအဝယံမ့ာဵကို အခးနံေရ္ာငံရ္ာဵြကရနံ
Fiscal and တးနံဵအာဵေပဵသကဲဴသို ဴ ျဖစံေနသညံ။ အက့ိုဵဆကံရလဒံမ္ာ မြို ဴျပဝနံေဆာငံမှု လုပံငနံဵမ့ာဵ
macroeconomic aspect ျဖညံဴဆညံဵပဳဴပိုဵေပဵနိုငံရနံအတးကံ အေရဵတှကီဵလိုအပံေနေသာ အခးနံဘဏ္ဍာ
အရငံဵအျမစံမ့ာဵကို ေဒသတးငံဵ အုပံခ့ုပံေရဵအဖးဲ ဴအစညံဵမ့ာဵအေနျဖငံဴ
လကံလွှတဆ ံ ုဳဵရှုဳဵလိုကံရေပသညံ။
20
POLICY MEASURE FOR LAND GOVERNANCE
Change of Land Use /Land Transfer /Fiscal and macroeconomic aspect
Unplanned basis and disorganized spatial development
Improve the cadastral registration process through
technical upgrading of township DALMS, and staff training
Prepare a new and comprehensive land law, which
remedies both shortcomings of the Farmland Law and the
Virgin and Fallow Lands Law
Base taxation on land values with a view on generating
steady annual revenue flows to townships, while
minimizing all incentives to act informally for all parties
involved
Create and establish a set of incentives to formalize all
previous informal land transactions without criminalizing
transgressors of laws, rules, and regulations
Increase the number of registered land titles as swiftly as
possible to maximize security of tenure for households
and, conversely, minimize incentives for land grabs
21
အိမံရာ Housing Current situation
(၂၀၁၄)ခုန္စံ၊ သနံဵေခါငံစာရငံဵအရ ျမနံမာနိုငံငဳတးငံ အိမံေထာငံစု၊ စုစုေပါငံဵ(၁၀.၉)သနံဵခနံ ဴ ရ္ိွပီဵ
အိမံရာမ့ာဵ၏ အရညံအေသးဵအသီဵသီဵကို အဆငံဴ(၅)ဆငံဴ ခးဲျခာဵေဖာံျပထာဵသညံ။ အိမံေထာငံစု
အာဵလုဳဵ၏ (၁၀.၉)ရာခိုငံနှုနံဵ (အိမံေထာငံစုအရညံအတးကံ(၁.၂)သနံဵခနံ ဴ) ကို အနိမံဴဆုဳဵအရညံအေသးဵ
ရ္ိသညံဟု သတံမ္တံထာဵသညံ။
Encroachment of Slum and Informal settlements into major cities (30 -40%)
Housing Condition - Non-durable /Vulnerable / Lacking of services provision
HOUSING TENURE
Home Ownership Rental
Union 85.5% 7.4%
Urban 66.0% 20.3%
Rural 93.1% 2.4%
22
ဃ။ အိမံရာ Housing
နိုငံငဳတကာတးငံ အေဆာကံအဦန္ငံဴ အျခာဵတညံေဆာကံေရဵလုပံငနံဵမ့ာဵ၏ စဳခ့ိနံစဳေွှနံဵမ့ာဵ (ဥပမာ-National
Building Code)၊ ွမို ဴျပစီမဳကိနံဵပုဳစဳမ့ာဵ ေရဵဆးဲျခငံဵ၊ ေျမယာကဏ္ဍ စီမဳခနံ ဴခးဲျခငံဵ၊ ဘဏ္ဍာေငးျဖညံဴဆညံဵေပဵျခငံဵ
စသညံဴနယံပယံမ့ာဵ၌ စညံဵမ့ဲံဵစညံဵကမံဵမ့ာဵ ထူေထာငံျပဌာနံဵျခငံဵ အာဵျဖငံဴ အစိုဵရအဖးဲ ဴမ့ာဵသညံ နိုငံငဳ၏
အိမံရာကဏ္ဍဖးဳ ဴွဖိုဵေရဵအေပ် သကံေရာကံမှုရ္ိေစသညံ။
ထို ဴအျပငံ လမံဵမ့ာဵ၊ ေရေျမာငံဵမ့ာဵ၊ ေရေပဵေဝေရဵန္ငံဴ ေရဆိုဵစးနံ ဴပစံေရဵ န္ငံဴ လျှေပံစစံ ဓါတံအာဵလိုငံဵ စေသာ အိမံရာ
တညံေဆာကံေရဵ၏ ေနာကံဆကံတးဲ အေျခခဳအေဆာကံအအုဳ လုပံငနံဵမ့ာဵတးငံ အစိုဵရမ့ာဵမ္ ရငံဵန္ီဵျမှုပံန္ဳမပ ှု
ြုြကသညံ။
NHS န္ငဴံ NUP တို ဴသညံ အခ့ငံဵခ့ငံဵ အခ့ိတံအဆကံမိ၍ နီဵကပံစးာအတူ ယ္ဲံတးဲသညံဴ အဆိုျပုခ့ကံမ့ာဵ ေသခ့ာ
ပါဝငံ ရပါမညံ။
23
H @ C of National Urban Development
Housing is inseparable from Urbanization
Housing is socio-economic development
imperative
Systematic reforms, strong states and long-
term policy and finance are needed to
enable
A simultaneous twin-track approach with
curative (slum upgrading) and preventative
(new provision) housing policies and
programs should be promoted
Housing and slum upgrading policies should
be accompanied by national strategies
Source: UN-Habitat
urban development to lead to socially
sustainable and inclusive cities
PROGRAM
PROGRAM
PROGRAM
PROGRAM
PROGRAM
PROGRAM
Projects Programs
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